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The small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) can undergo self‐modification to form polymeric chains that have been implicated in cellular processes such as meiosis, genome maintenance and stress response. Investigations into the biological role of polymeric chains have been hampered by the absence of a protocol for the purification of proteins linked to SUMO chains. In this paper, we describe a rapid affinity purification procedure for the isolation of endogenous polySUMO‐modified species that generates highly purified material suitable for individual protein studies and proteomic analysis. We use this approach to identify more than 300 putative polySUMO conjugates from cultured eukaryotic cells.
Small ubiquitin‐like modifiers (SUMOs) are linked by isopeptide bonds between their carboxy‐terminal residue and the ε‐amino group of a lysine side chain in the target protein. The functional consequences of SUMO modification are mostly mediated by recruitment of effector proteins that contain a SUMO interaction motif (SIM). SIMs are composed of short stretches of hydrophobic residues that directly engage the SUMO molecule (Song et al, 2004; Hecker et al, 2006). Vertebrates express three SUMO paralogues (1–3), of which both SUMO2 and SUMO3 contain a SUMO consensus modification motif (ψKxE/D) that allows the formation of polySUMO chains (Tatham et al, 2001). The ability of SUMO to form polySUMO conjugates is conserved throughout eukaryotes, and genetic studies in yeast have suggested a role for polySUMO chains in chromosome segregation, recovery from checkpoint arrest, DNA‐damage response and meiosis (Bylebyl et al, 2003; Cheng et al, 2006; Schwartz et al, 2007). More recently, polySUMO chains have been shown to be recognized by proteins containing several SIMs, such as the RING‐finger 4 (RNF4 or Snurf) ubiquitin E3 ligase. RNF4 contains four amino‐terminal SIMs and a C‐terminal RING domain that together facilitate polySUMO‐specific ubiquitination (Tatham et al, 2008).
Here, we describe a procedure that uses the polySUMO‐binding function of RNF4 to facilitate the specific isolation of endogenous polySUMO‐modified proteins from almost any biological material in purity and yield that is suitable for high‐resolution mass spectrometric analysis. We demonstrate this method by measuring changes in the polySUMOylation state of more than 300 proteins in response to heat shock.
Affinity purification of polySUMO chains
The affinity purification strategy uses a fragment of RNF4 (residues 32–133) comprising four SIMs (Fig 1A,C) that have low affinity for single SUMO moieties, but high affinity for polySUMO chains (Tatham et al, 2008). A form of RNF4 with all four SIMs mutated (RNF4mt; Fig 1A,C) is used as the negative control. Selective elution is obtained by competition with a SIM‐containing peptide (Song et al, 2004) derived from the protein inhibitor of activated STATS (PIASX; Fig 1B). In vitro‐generated recombinant polySUMO2 chains were efficiently bound by the RNF4 matrix, but not by the matrix linked to RNF4 with mutated SIMs. PolySUMO2 chains retained on the matrix were efficiently released by treatment with the SIM peptide, with only trace amounts of polySUMO2 chains remaining on the beads (Fig 1D). Affinity chromatography studies (supplementary Fig S1 online) show that wild‐type RNF4 has SIM‐dependent, preferential binding for polymers of SUMO irrespective of their linkage, compared with SUMO monomers, and shows no affinity for ubiquitin. These in vitro studies establish this method as the basis for specific purification of polySUMO conjugates.
Identification of endogenous polySUMOylated proteins
When exposed to protein‐damaging stress, HeLa cells respond by enhancing SUMO2/3 conjugation (Saitoh & Hinchey, 2000), as well as polySUMO chain formation (Golebiowski et al, 2009). To preserve SUMO‐modified proteins during the preparation of cytoplasmic and nuclear eukaryotic cell extracts, iodoacetamide was used to inhibit SUMO protease activities (see Methods section). Comparison between the SUMO‐modified species in the nuclear extract and those from cells directly lysed under denaturing conditions showed that SUMO modification was preserved, and most of the SUMO‐modified species was present in the soluble nuclear extract (Fig 2A, lanes 1–6; supplementary Fig S2A,B online). The increased quantities of SUMO conjugates triggered by heat shock were also preserved. PolySUMO conjugates from nuclear extracts were bound to RNF4 SIMs coupled to Sepharose beads and eluted from the RNF4 matrix by competition with the SIM peptide (Fig 2A, lanes 7–10). Importantly, free SUMO was not isolated, implying that individually modified proteins are not purified by this method (supplementary Fig S1 online). A silver stain of the isolated material (Fig 2B) agreed with the immunoblot analysis. To assess the extent of purification and recovery of polySUMO2 chains by this procedure, isotopically labelled recombinant, Lys 11‐linked, SUMO2 dimers were ‘spiked’ into the nuclear extract and RNF4‐purified material. After trypsin digestion and analysis by mass spectrometry, the relative amount of Lys 11‐linked SUMO chains in each fraction was calculated by reference to the isotopically labelled standard (supplementary Fig S2C online). This showed that the recovery of polySUMO chains was 80% with a 40,000‐fold purification.
Proteomics of polySUMO conjugates after heat stress
To demonstrate proteomic capability, RNF4‐mediated SUMO purification was scaled up by using 375 mg of nuclear extract in each purification (Fig 3A, left panel). Isolates were subjected to in‐gel digestion, followed by analysis by mass spectrometry. The success of polySUMO purification was confirmed by the identification of SUMO–SUMO branched peptides (supplementary Fig S3A–C online). After the removal of contaminants (such as trypsin and keratins), only 79 proteins were identified in the 37°C RNF4mut elution, with 95 being identified from the RNF4 wild type (RNF4wt) equivalent. Of these 95, 76 were either enriched in the wild‐type condition or were not present in the mutant purification (supplementary data file 1 online). When cells were exposed to heat shock, some of the proteins identified from the RNF4mut purification approximately doubled from that of unstressed cells to 162, whereas the wild‐type equivalent increased 10‐fold to 979, including all 76 identified previously. A total of 828 of the 979 identified proteins had no intensity in the RNF4mut purification and 143 were more abundant in RNF4wt purification (supplementary data file 1 online). Only eight proteins were detected to approximately the same degree in both purifications. The biological relevance of these data is independently confirmed by their consistency with a previous study (Messner et al, 2009), which showed that poly‐ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a polySUMO conjugate, the conjugation of which is stimulated by heat shock (supplementary Fig S4A online). Evidence that SUMO‐modified species were being purified by this procedure was obtained by the detection of SUMO‐substrate branched peptides for the previously identified proteins HNRNPM (supplementary Fig S3D online) and topoisomerase II (TOP2; supplementary Fig S3E online; Vassileva & Matunis, 2004; Azuma et al, 2005).
Identification of putative polySUMO substrates
The fact that 99% of proteins identified in RNF4wt purification from heat shock HeLa cells were enriched, in comparison with the equivalent RNF4mut sample, suggests that the purification was stringent and that more than 900 putative polySUMO conjugates were identified. However, analysis of the predicted molecular weight (MWPred) according to the amino‐acid sequence of the proteins in each gel slice (Fig 3A, right) shows that many proteins in the lower five slices resolved close to their MWPred. These proteins are unlikely to be modified by SUMO and hence have been purified indirectly by association with genuine polySUMO substrates. Conversely, most of the proteins in the upper four slices resolve to molecular weights greater than their MWPred, suggesting that most of the proteins in this region are post‐translationally modified.
In theory, all polySUMO conjugates will have an apparent molecular weight (MWApp) consistent with conjugation to two or more SUMOs, and therefore the difference between MWApp and MWPred can be used to filter for putative polySUMO conjugates. The MWApp of all 971 proteins specific to the RNF4wt purification from heat‐shock HeLa cells was calculated (see Methods; supplementary data file 2 online), along with the difference in molecular weight (ΔMW) between MWApp and MWPred. Consistent with these observations, a large proportion of proteins resolve in the gel to a molecular weight consistent with an unmodified status, that is, ΔMW around 0 kDa (Fig 3B), and the frequency distribution is clearly skewed towards high ΔMW values (compared with equivalent data for a set of proteins not considered to be SUMOylated—supplementary Fig S5A online). By using these data, we can estimate the average number of SUMOs per substrate protein molecule, that is, the SUMOylation stoichiometry (see Methods), and by taking all proteins with ΔMW >23.7 kDa we can create a subgroup that is of an MWApp characteristic of conjugation by at least two SUMO moieties (the ‘2+’ subset). Several bioinformatic analyses suggest that this method genuinely selects for SUMO conjugates. Significantly, the ‘2+’ subset is enriched for proteins containing SUMO conjugation consensus motifs (Fig 3C, left), previously described SUMO substrates (Fig 3C, right) and putative SUMO2 substrates identified by an independent proteomic study (Golebiowski et al, 2009; supplementary Fig S5B,C online).
To verify the proteomic analysis, samples from RNF4 polySUMO purification were analysed by western blotting with antibodies against identified putative substrates, before and after treatment with recombinant Sentrin protease 1 (SENP1) to remove any linked SUMO. In this way, we could verify the polySUMO modification status of TRIM28 (tripartite motif‐containing 28), promyelocytic leukaemia (PML), SART1 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognised by T cells) and UHRF1 (ubiquitin‐like with PHD and RING finger domains; Fig 3D).
Biological roles of polySUMO substrates
Ontological analysis of the polySUMO data obtained here (Fig 4A) shows that the results of this study agree with the tandem affinity purification (TAP)–SUMO2 heat shock proteome (Golebiowski et al, 2009), in that many proteins are involved in messenger RNA (mRNA) metabolism as well as in DNA structure, replication and repair. Owing to the TAP–SUMO2 method purified SUMO conjugates of all stoichiometries, it is suggested that proteins with these functions not only undergo increased total SUMOylation in response to heat shock, but are also targeted for polySUMOylation. Interestingly, proteins of different functions were found to be predominantly modified at specific SUMOylation stoichiometries (Fig 4B). For example, proteins involved in chromatin structure and transcription are almost exclusively modified by five or more SUMO molecules. Proteins involved in DNA replication and repair are also polySUMOylated, although they are represented in the three, four and five plus stoichiometry groups (Fig 4B–D), whereas mRNA splicing proteins are over‐represented at all SUMOylation stoichiometries (Fig 4B). As this method specifically purifies polySUMO conjugates, it is suggested that many of these proteins are members of large complexes of mRNA splicing factors with different components conjugated to SUMO at different stoichiometries.
In the 9 years since the discovery of polySUMOylation, few substrates have been identified. Here, we use the polySUMO‐binding ability of RNF4 and the specific elution by a SIM‐containing peptide to purify endogenous polySUMOylated proteins from cell extracts. This results in a highly purified material that is suitable for analysis by high‐resolution mass spectrometry.
So far, hypoxia‐induced factor 1α (HIF1α; Matic et al, 2008), PARP1 (Martin et al, 2009), TOP2 (Takahashi & Strunnikov, 2008), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA; Windecker & Ulrich, 2008) and the PML protein (Tatham et al, 2008) have been identified as polySUMO conjugates. In our analysis, all of these proteins except HIF1α were found, and PCNA was identified but not classified as a polySUMO substrate. These findings are not unexpected, as polySUMOylated HIF1α was detected under hypoxic conditions (Matic et al, 2008), and SUMOylation of PCNA seems to be DNA‐damage dependent (Parker et al, 2008). It is interesting to note that not all polySUMOylated proteins respond to heat shock in the same way. Although the modification of PARP1 is increased by heat shock (supplementary Fig S4A online; supplementary data set 2 online), the conjugation status of PML did not change (supplementary Fig S4B online; supplementary data set 2 online). As PARP1 is the only protein now known to become polySUMOylated on heat shock (Messner et al, 2009); these findings suggest that this approach provides an accurate representation of the modification state of polySUMOylated proteins in vivo.
In addition to proteins that were nonspecifically associated with other proteins (Fig 4C,D), there were many examples of entire protein complexes being purified by RNF4, in which many members appeared not to be SUMOylated (see supplementary Fig S6 online). This reinforces the requirement for a robust data‐filtering strategy when a SUMO proteome is studied under non‐denaturing conditions, although it allows the study of protein complex composition.
Proteins involved in mRNA transcription or transcription regulation do not seem to become polySUMOylated on heat shock, whereas proteins involved in checkpoint response and DNA repair do (Fig 4). This is consistent with genetic studies in yeast in which deletion of the ulp 2 gene encoding the protease responsible for polySUMO chain editing results in a phenotype that includes defects in recovery from DNA‐damage‐checkpoint‐induced cell‐cycle arrest (Schwartz et al, 2007).
As SUMO–SIM interactions are conserved from yeast to vertebrates, this method should be suitable for the isolation of endogenous SUMO‐modified species from any cell line or organism.
Cloning, protein expression and purification. Wild‐type (RNF4wt) or SIM mutant (RNF4mut) of amino acids 32–132 of RNF4 (Tatham et al, 2008) was cloned into pHis–TEV–30a. Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells, purified using Ni‐NTA agarose, followed by the His‐tag cleavage and Superdex 75 chromatography. The fragments were coupled to NHS‐activated Sepharose beads.
Recombinant polySUMO and polyubiquitin pull‐down. Polymers were incubated with RNF4 beads in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP40 and 0.5% deoxycholate at 4°C for 1.5 h. Beads were then washed five times with the same buffer with 250 mM NaCl and eluted as indicated.
Cell fractionation. HeLa cells were grown in suspension in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 2 mM l‐glutamine, 10% fetal calf serum and 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 μg per ml streptomycin at 37°C to a density of 8–10 × 105 cells per ml with stirring.
Cells were collected by centrifugation (500 g, 4°C, 15 min) and washed four times in ice‐cold phosphate‐buffered saline containing 200 mM iodoacetamide. Next, the cells were incubated on ice in buffer (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM KCl2, 0.07% NP40, complete protease inhibitor cocktail tablets (Roche) and 200 mM iodoacetamide) for 15 min. Cells were disrupted by dounce homogenization (40 ml dounce with tight pestle) on ice. Nuclei were collected by centrifugation (2,000 g, 4°C, 5 min). The nuclei pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP40, 0.5% deoxycholate, 200 mM iodoacetamide and protease inhibitor tablets before sonication on ice (6 × 20 s with an 18% amplitude and a large tip Branson Digital Sonifier). Nuclear extracts were centrifuged (100,000 g, 4°C, 1 h).
SUMO‐conjugate isolation. A volume of 375 mg of nuclear lysate was incubated with 800 ml RNF4 beads at 4°C on a rotor for 1.5 h. The beads were washed five times with 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 250 mM NaCl, 1% NP40 and 0.5% deoxycholate, incubated with 1 μg/μl SIM peptide in the wash buffer as before and the supernatant recovered. Eluted proteins were trichloroacetic acid precipitated. The lanes containing RNF4 pull‐downs were then sliced into nine sections before undergoing in‐gel tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry analysis (for details on mass spectrometry and data analysis see supplementary information online).
Supplementary information is available at EMBO reports online (http://www.emboreports.org).
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplementary Data file 1
Supplementary Data file 2
We thank N. Maurice (Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit (MRC PPU), University of Dundee, UK) for sample analysis, and Chris Cole (University of Dundee, UK) for providing the tools for SUMO consensus site analysis. We thank Y. Chen (Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, California, USA) for advice on SIM peptide design. R.B. is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and by a long‐term fellowship from EMBO. M.H.T. is supported by Cancer Research UK. I.M. is a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellow and A.P. is a Wellcome Trust‐funded PhD student.
- Copyright © 2011 European Molecular Biology Organization

domain: literature


There are two basic conditions to enter the world of functional knowledge of adaptive environments. Functional knowledge is defined as the integration of the “know how” of adaptive systems and environments with the “know why” of their functionality.
These two approaches are integrated by a reasoning process that allows making knowledge reasonable, understandable, and provable.
The access to the functional knowledge of adaptive systems requires accepting that all types of adaptive systems have a functional structure that is implicit in the intelligence of nature, which means that they have an implicit purpose, an active function that defines their possibility to expand, and an energy conservation function that ensures their survival.
This requires approaching adaptive systems using a unicist ontological approach that defines the existence of adaptive systems and environments based on their functionality. The functionality of adaptive systems can be understood when these two conditions are given.
The Use of Functional Knowledge for Adaptive Solution Building
The unicist evolutionary approach is based on the development and use of functional knowledge to develop solutions in adaptive environments. Functional knowledge is such when it provides the confirmed functional actions and operational procedures of an adaptive solution.
Functional knowledge requires integrating the “know how” of solutions with the “know why” that defines the fundamentals of the solutions, using the necessary reasoning patterns that allow developing adaptive solutions.
The “know how” is based on the use of reliable knowledge that requires emulating the solution in mind using the specific fundamentals and having the procedural knowledge of the binary actions of what needs to be done.
The “know why” is an epistemological approach that requires knowing the concepts and fundamentals of what is intended to be done and the justifications and foundations that make the knowledge reliable.
The functionality of abductive, deductive, and inductive reasoning processes sustains the development of solutions in adaptive environments and requires the use of the unicist logic (double dialectical logic) to manage their functionality, dynamics, and evolution.
The gravitational force that allows developing functional knowledge is the need of developing structural solutions in adaptive environments.
The catalyst that sustains the building and use of functional knowledge is the use of pilot tests driven reflection processes.
This occurs only when the people involved have decided to assume the responsibility for ensuring the results of these solutions.
The Ontogenetic Structure of Functional Knowledge
The driver of functional knowledge is solution thinking, which is necessary to deal with adaptive environments.
It is based on having the “know how” of problem solving, which requires, on the one hand, having the knowledge of the binary actions that need to be installed to ensure the functionality of the processes and, on the other hand, having the necessary procedural knowledge to define the processes.
Functional knowledge implies defining fully reliable actions that have been confirmed through pilot testing processes.
The Maximal Strategy
Solution thinking begins when the idea of a concept has been achieved. When the concept of the solution has been envisioned, it is necessary to understand the functionality of such solution.
This implies understanding the “what for” that defines the justification of the actions. The true “what for” establishes the basics to be considered to confirm the validity of the conceptual knowledge that defines the “know why” of the functional knowledge.
It must be considered that the justification of actions implicitly defines their true purpose, which is frequently hidden when the actions occur in social environments. Finding the true justifications is a basic condition to access the true functionality of a solution.
After the justifications are evident, it is possible to confirm if the foundations of the solutions are available. The foundations establish the validity of the functionality of the fundamentals that integrate concepts.
This fundamental structure is the catalyst of the functional reasoning process. It establishes the framework of the functional knowledge that is being acquired. It is necessary to have developed destructive tests to confirm the functionality of the foundations. When the foundations have been confirmed the conceptual knowledge becomes confirmed.
The Minimum Strategy
The reasoning process begins by making an abductive approach to the solution that is being sought. Unicist abductive reasoning is based on the development of unicist reflection processes, which require the development of pilot tests and destructive tests to confirm the functionality of knowledge and measure its scope of application.
The inductive process that follows is based on these pilot tests, which are sustained by the fundamental structure that has been defined before. The unicist inductive process is a fundamentals-driven induction.
The deductive process that follows is action driven. The objective of the unicist deductive process is to confirm the functionality of the binary actions that are supposed to drive a solution.
The unicist abductive reasoning becomes validated when this deductive reasoning has been completed. The unicist approach implies that the whole reasoning process occurs within the framework of a unicist reflection process. This approach has been developed to deal with adaptive systems and environments. It is unnecessary in operational environments.
Reflection Processes use Abductive, Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Unicist Reflection can be defined as the process that integrates abductive, inductive, and deductive reasoning to define the functionality, dynamics and evolution of adaptive systems and environments. The final objective is to define the necessary actions that ensure the functionality of adaptive systems.
Unicist reflection is a pilot test driven reflection process that includes the initial pilot tests until a system is working, the destructive tests to extend the use of a system beyond the limits of the initial functional boundaries until the system becomes dysfunctional and the non-destructive tests that allow measuring the results that can be achieved within the functional boundaries.
The functionality of the different reasoning processes included in the unicist reflection process can be synthesized in:
Abductive reasoning is based on a conceptual mindset and allows:
- Managing complex adaptive environments
- Discovering new solutions
- Designing maximal and minimum strategies
- Backward/Forward chaining thinking
- Conceptual design
- Expanding the boundaries of knowledge
- Hypothesis based approach
- Bottom-up and Top-down approach
- Destructive and non-destructive testing
- Homological confirmation of knowledge
Inductive reasoning is based on an operational mindset and allows:
- Managing operational environments
- For integrating particular effects with universal causes
- Learning processes
- Testing maximal and minimum strategies
- Backward chaining thinking
- Functional design
- Confirming the boundaries of knowledge
- Observations based approach
- Bottom-up approach
- Destructive testing
- Functional confirmation of knowledge
Deductive reasoning is based on an analytical mindset and allows:
- Managing systemic environments
- Deducing from theories or premises
- Studying processes
- Planning maximal and minimum strategies
- Forward chaining thinking
- Systemic design
- Reasoning within existing boundaries
- Logic based approach
- Top down approach
- Non-destructive testing
- True knowledge based on theories or premises
The abductive approach implies managing the concepts and fundamentals of things. One must consider that the basic schooling systems are based on teaching inductive reasoning and mainly deductive (analytical) reasoning, disregarding the use of the abductive reasoning approach.
The unicist reflection process requires managing the unicist logic that allows integrating the abductive, inductive, and deductive processes. The unicist logic was developed to consciously manage the unified field of complex adaptive systems. Conscious reasoning allows developing fallacy-free decisions and actions to ensure the results of what intends to be achieved.
The Use of Functional Knowledge
There are four stages that are necessary to transform ideas into actions.
- Concepts Finding
- Fundamental Analysis
- Solution Building
- Pilot Testing
The finding of the concepts and the fundamentals of a solution is an inductive process guided by the need of building the ontogenetic map that describes the functionality of the solution that is being built.
It might be the case that the ontogenetic map has already been discovered. In this case, it is necessary to rediscover it to transform semantic information into live functional concepts that describe a solution.
This inductive process is based on the rules established by the unicist logic and the unicist ontology of evolution. It allows describing the structure of a solution and defining the threshold that is functional for each fundamental that integrates the concepts.
The conceptual functional structure of a solution needs to be divided into its sub-concepts that define the purpose, the maximal strategy, and the minimum strategy.
This division is what allows confirming the functionality of the conceptual structure by developing logical tests following the complementation and supplementation laws and by making the necessary pilot tests to confirm the functionality of the solutions that are implicit.
The fundamental analysis ends with a universal ontogenetic map of a solution and the specific ontogenetic map that responds to the characteristics of the environment and enables the development of solutions.
The building of solutions is driven by the specific concepts and fundamentals that were found and confirmed and is based on the “what for” of the solution that is being built.
These solutions require using unicist functional design to build, on one hand, the functional solution that ends with a functional design and, on the other hand, an operational solution that transforms the ontogenetic map into binary actions.
In adaptive environments, that are feedback dependent, it is necessary to build binary actions that fit into the concepts of the solution of the problem. To define these binary actions, it is necessary to envision the concept of the solution and have sound operational knowledge to ensure their functionality.
There are three different types of pilot tests that need to be done. The first pilot tests are to confirm if the functionality of the actions has been achieved. This functionality needs to fulfill the objectives that have been defined as possible.
The second pilot test is done when the functionality has been confirmed. Its objective is to measure the limits of the knowledge of the solution. It consists of extending its use until it loses its adaptability first and its functionality afterwards. These are the unicist destructive tests that confirm the limits of the functional knowledge.
The third pilot test is done to measure the quantitative results that can be achieved by the solution. They consist of measuring quantitatively the real application of the solutions.
The use of functional knowledge is basic to influence adaptive environments. It allows developing adaptive solutions to influence the environment and manage its influence. It requires using a pragmatic, structural and functionalist framework that allows developing the functional design of adaptive systems and solving problems in adaptive environments.


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Full percussion. Long time playing with rock band in s.c play any genra rock .country. latin. Christian. Time to give back have own transportation. And full pro equipment looking to play at any church that would like to here us. Have a few gigs in mind ie in Trenton FL. Georgia. The Caribbean. Just need the right people to play for the Lord. All accepted let's just start the Lord will do the rest. Thanks bless day
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domain: entertainment


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TEXT-Fitch releases report on Melbourne, Fla.
Jan 11 - Fitch Ratings has published a report on Melbourne, FL. The report is available at 'www.fitchratings.com'. Additional information is available at 'www.fitchratings.com'. Applicable Criteria and Related Research: Melbourne, Florida
- Air strike kills 15 civilians in Yemen by mistake: officials
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- Insight: In Yemen, al Qaeda gains sympathy amid U.S. drone strikes
- Pope attacks mega-salaries and wealth gap in peace message

domain: news


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Vanessa Rosa is an assistant professor of Latina/o Studies. Her research interests include the study of race and ethnicity, citizenship and national identities, and social stratification in cities. Rosa is currently completing a book manuscript titled Diversifying Cities: Between Gentrification and Revitalization which investigates the national-identity making effects of the urban revitalization of two public housing projects in Toronto, Ontario. She has also begun archival research on her new project which explores Puerto Rican women’s tenant activism in New York City from 1945-1970. Rosa teaches courses on housing, cities, and Latina feminism and incorporates community-based learning and civic engagement in her teaching, including projects with various local organizations in Holyoke and Springfield. She was selected as a 2018-2020 SITPA scholar and serves on the organizing committee for the the New England Consortium for Latina/o Studies. Prior to her position as an assistant professor, Rosa was a Consortium for Faculty Diversity Postdoctoral Fellow at Mount Holyoke.
Class of 1929 Dr. Virginia Apgar Assistant Professor of Latina/o Studies; on leave 2020-2021

domain: sociology


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The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the health literacy of older adults in the geriatric age-group regarding the importance of hydration in health and different common disease conditions encountered in the elderly. Nurse practitioners are ideal health care providers to mediate the issue of low literacy and low health literacy in the elderly nurses have always believed that patient education encourages and enhances an individual's participation in their own health care. Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions ahrq-funded researchers have developed a variety of tools to measure an aspect of health literacy—individuals' reading comprehension in a medical context.
The public health impact of limited literacy has begun to be explored the elderly and those with limited formal education are often the most vulnerable populations at risk of having low health literacy. About pew research center pew research center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world it conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Illiteracy is especially common among the elderly 3 according to some estimates, two thirds of americans 60 or older have inadequate or marginal literacy skills, and additional health care costs due to low health literacy may reach as high as $73 billion annually 9 among community-dwelling older adults, inadequate health literacy is. The association of limited literacy with demographic characteristics, self-rated health and co-morbidities, health-related behaviors, health care access and psychosocial status correlates, and cause of death was assessed by comparing means and percentages using t tests or the χ 2 test by literacy level (limited vs adequate literacy.
Of the 972 respondents, 277 (285%) had low functional health literacy, another 228 (235%) had marginal health literacy and 467 (480%) had adequate health literacy statistical analyses several socio-demographic characteristics were associated with health literacy level and are shown in table 2. Us census bureau 2000: projected population growth of elderly functional health literacy measure of person's capacity to function in the health care setting as determined by literacy and numeracy literacy: comprehension of written health care materials numeracy: ability to understand and act on numerical health care instructions workshop—part. Previous studies investigating the relationship between health literacy and involvement in medical decision-making included only functional health literacy by using, for instance, the test of functional health literacy in adults (tofhla. The study examines approaches to elderly health literacy found in japan, singapore, the united states and the united kingdom from those comparator countries best practices and research tested approaches to increase elderly health literacy are identified for consideration by the study sponsors.
Health literacy—the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions—is essential to promote healthy people and communities health care institutions and public health systems play a critical role in health literacy, because. Promoting health literacy in older adults is a public health imperative communicating in a manner in which the older adult can understand and use health information is a professional, ethical, and legal responsibility of the nurse. This is the first study to exclude deaths in the period immediately after assessment of health literacy in an elderly population,. Health literacy of the elderly health literacy has varied definitions that are dependent on the organization or discipline for which the discourse is occurring a collaboration of definitions of health literacy is the ability to employ reading and math skills to function in. Health literacy is the ability to obtain, read, understand, and use healthcare information in order to make appropriate health decisions and follow instructions for treatment.
For the uninitiated, health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Asthma beliefs and literacy in the elderly health literacy annual research conference bethesda, md •octob er 22, 2012 melissa martynenko, mpa, mph. The health literacy of those with the worst health outcomes is an important tool in reducing health inequalities the rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine (realm), the test of functional health literacy in. The elderly with higher health literacy scores were significantly less likely to have risky behaviors (smoking, regular drinking, and lack of physical exercise), and in turn significantly more likely to undergo health examinations regularly, report good self-rated health, and significantly more likely to access sufficient health information. Low health literacy is common, especially among those with low socioeconomic status, the elderly, and those whose primary language is not english, reflecting limited educational opportunities the severity and complexity of asthma tends to be high in these same patients.
The association between age and health literacy among elderly persons journals of gerontology series a-biological sciences and medical sciences, 55(6), 368. Health literacy is an issue facing many patients who receive a cancer diagnosis, as well as their caregivers the national assessment of adult literacy determined that only 12% of adults were. Published: thu, 18 may 2017 health literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions (healthy people, 2010 cited in paasche-orlow et al, 2005, p 175.
Health literacy challenges in the aging population health literacy challenges in the aging population mullen, ellen 2013-10-01 00:00:00 mullen purpose the purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of low health literacy and discuss interventions to minimize its effect on the elderly population. Image: the front cover a publication titled the health literacy of america's adults: results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy speaker's notes: in 2003, the us department of education conducted the first national assessment of health literacy skills in the united states. Objective: to systematically review us studies examining the relationship between literacy and health in the elderly, and to determine what interventions may mitigate the effects of low literacy on health in an older population. Improving health literacy improving health literacy is a public health imperative by improving the ability of individuals to make appropriate health decisions, we can decrease the cost of healthcare, increase quality of care, and improve health outcomes.

domain: medical


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The Little Toucan
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domain: artistic


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Pocket billiards or pool describes a game played on a six pocket billiard table. It primarily include 15 things balls and a cue ball. Snooker on the other hand is played on a billiard table with 21 object balls and a cue ball. Carom billiards to a video game had fun with 3 balls on a table and no pockets.
Standard skills are required or almost the very same for playing either snooker, pool or billiards, or carom billiards.The most noticeable smilarities are the method the player hold the billiard cue, the position and the motions of the arms.
In spite of all these smilarities in playing billiards, snooker and carom billiards., there are naturally distinctions that distinguish itself from one another. In billiards, the player is suppose to pocket the 15 balls with a hint ball as quickly as possible, while the carom billiards should keep 3 balls in the video game.
Anyone thinking about billiards need to have played a game of swimming pool at any one time.Or maybe it all started since your pal invited you to have a video game of pool. And after observing for a while, you end up being captivated by the method and the method the game needs to be strategized in order to beat the opponent. Soon you chose up a billiard cue, goal at the hint ball and the item ball, and began playing. Possibly not for too long, you bought a two-piece billiard cue for the pride of ownership. And all the bullshit about how you started playing billiards or pool are history, you are a frequent gamer at a swimming pool hall near you.
It is not an accident that pool ranks among the top sports in American, while the english variation, snooker ranks number one in Britain, not soccer. And billiards has actually been playing all around the world as a leisure sport or preferred previous time. It is generally due to the fact that swimming pool halls are all over and to play the video game, you do not require to bring or purchase loads of equipment, mainly one billiard hint is all you require. The game not just challenge your opponents but also challenges yourself in achieving greater level abilities as you go along.
Most likely it will not take long for you to recognize that the hint ball do not respond to what you prefer the cue ball to respond. The hint ball may run too far or sometimes too near, perhaps the cue ball bank at the incorrect angle and rest on the incorrect area, or worst you miss a hint. These are novice's errors, however never ever let this errors destroy your enjoyment in billiards or swimming pool or do not make it a habit. Mistakes are regular as part of the knowing process. Mistakes are just advantageous when you try to learn from them.
Pocket billiards is a game that everyone can discover how to play. If you practice it, you will soon discover that the game requires planning, strategy, concentration and instinct. Very quickly you will instill an intuition of planning the video game versus your challengers 5 actions ahead of them. Billiards or swimming pool is not a video game of chance, it is however a video game of physics, it connects to the develop of billiard cue to the strength you exert on the cue ball. Check out a few of the articles on bank shots, follow shots or break shots. After reading them, practice them, and soon you can feel the http://wallinside.com/post-63025484-8-ball-pool-coins-hack-an-overview.html game.
Another pointer to understand is that, whenever you are preparing for a practice session, practice it with an experienced billiards gamer. If you are playing billiards or swimming pool, have fun with a professional or a more advance billiards player. Just by playing with them, then he can spot your mistakes, like the method you hold your billiard hint, your stroke or he may impart some beneficial ideas to you. Never be humiliated to ask a more experience billiards gamer, I think they will be more than happy to assist you.

domain: hobby


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The European Union is to introduce EU-wide restrictions on neonicotinoid insecticides; clothianidin, thiametoxam and imidacloprid.
The European Commission will restrict the use of the neonicotinoids to crops not attractive to bees and other pollinators.
EU member states failed to reach a qualified majority on the issue in Monday's Appeal Committee. Fifteen countries voted in favour of a ban - not enough to form a qualified majority.
According to EU rules the Commission will now impose a two-year restriction on neonicotinoids. The Commission says it wants the moratorium to begin no later than 1 July this year.
EU health commissioner Tonio Borg said; "The Commission will go ahead with its text in the coming weeks". He added: "I pledge to do my utmost to ensure that our bees, which are so vital to our ecosystem and contribute over 22 billion euros annually to European agriculture, are protected."
NFU lead on bee health Dr Chris Hartfield said: "The commission's decision to ban three widely used neonicotinoids is likely to have catastrophic impacts for food production and unintended consequences for the environment, without delivering any measurable benefits for bee health.
"This issue is about science and evidence, and finding a balanced way to tackle the significant challenges to bee health. However, it looks like we are about to make populist changes that do nothing to measurably improve the situation for bees, but will make it harder and more costly for farmers and growers to control pests on a whole range of agricultural and horticultural crops."
Syngenta said the latest decision should compel the commission to return to the negotiating table rather than forcing through the implementation of a ban. Chief operating officer John Atkin said: "The European Commission has again failed to win the necessary support for its proposed ban on this vital technology. The proposal is based on poor science and ignores a wealth of evidence from the field that these pesticides do not damage the health of bees.
"Instead of banning these products, the Commission should now take the opportunity to address the real reasons for bee health decline: disease, viruses and loss of habitat and nutrition."
Bayer Garden also criticised the move. The company sells one product for amateur gardeners that will be affected, Provado Lawn Grub Killer, and is planning to work with retailers to withdraw it in line with the EC’s timetable, which is yet to be confirmed.
A Bayer spokesperson said the decision had been taken without the support of clear scientific evidence. "The contribution of bees as pollinators of both crops and wildflowers is essential to the ecosystem and we take their health very seriously. This is why we invest heavily to address the real problems facing the bee population and have already moved from the old to the new generation neonicotinoids for all but this one product, where the new active ingredient is not effective against chafer grubs and leatherjackets and there are no chemical alternatives available."Welcoming the decision, Friends of the Earth head of campaigns Andrew Pendleton said it was; "a significant victory for common sense and our beleagured bee populations.
"Restricting the use of these pesticides could be an historic milestone on the road to recovery for these crucial pollinators.
He added: "But pesticides are just one of the threats bees face - if David Cameron is genuinely concerned about declining bee numbers he must urgently introduce a Bee Action Plan"
"Ministers must now help farmers to grow and protect crops, but without relying so heavily on chemicals – especially those linked to bee decline."
Also welcoming the decision the Soil Association's Emma Hockridge, said: "This is a victory not only for the bees and other pollinators, but for independent science against the political, pro-pesticide position adopted by UK Environment Secretary Owen Paterson and the pesticide industry.
"The European Commission and many European governments have reacted responsibly to the British and European scientific evidence showing clearly that a suspension is justified."


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Audi will be headed by the director of one of the BMW divisionsSeptember 23, 2019
According to rumors, from April 1, 2020, the CEO of Audi will be Markus Dusman, who previously headed the BMW division responsible for the development of engines.
Marcus Dusman will replace the current Audi CEO Rupert Stadler, who was arrested in 2018 following the results of the diesel emissions scandal.
It should be noted that until September 30, 2019, Dusman is a member of the BMW board of directors and cannot move to a competitor. It is assumed that discussion of the upcoming departure of Markus Dusman will be discussed in the BMW board of directors in the near future.
- New Nissan Sentra debuts at Los Angeles Auto Show
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DOING cassava peeling machine sales to Ghana
Customers from Ghana purchased a cassava peeling machine from Henan Doing Company. Below is the delivery picture;
The customer himself has a small cassava processing plant, but the previous cassava peeling machine is too old to work. Through a variety of investigation, the customer has confirmed the cooperation with Doing Company and purchased a cassava peeling machine with a handling capacity of 2t/h. After a month of production, the manufacturing staff of Henan Doing Factory successfully delivered this cassava peeling machine.
DOING cassava peeling machine
Main features of cassava peeling machine:
1. DOING cassava peeling machine is designed and manufactured by adopting the characteristics of processing machinery of root peeling machine at home and abroad. Using the principle of friction, the surface of the product is uniformly brushed and rubbed to achieve the purpose of peeling of the surface of the product.
2. The cassava peeling machine sales to Ghana has the characteristics of low energy consumption, small size, light weight, beautiful appearance and easy operation. The box body is made of high quality stainless steel, which is clean and hygienic and durable.
3. The cassava peeling machine is easy to operate, the worker only needs to press the material and press the start button to make the equipment enter the running state. The discharging operation is very simple, just open the discharge gate on the side of the equipment, and the product after peeling can be automatically dumped. This design reduces the labor intensity of workers and saves labor costs for enterprises.
4. The skin of the product is evenly rubbed by cassava peeling machine, reducing unnecessary cassava damage.
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- Our new reaearch and development patent equipment - cassava drying machine
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domain: food


text:
Although the Great Basin doesn’t really begin until Verdi, it is instructive to consider Truckee as the jumping off point for the eastward trip, since it is on the road to Verdi that the transformation of flora can be seen so dramatically. The Truckee end is alpine and the Verdi end is desert due to the rain capture by the Sierra Nevada.
No matter what some pundits may say, the route of U.S. 40 and later I-80 was never signed or dedicated as the Lincoln Highway. The old wagon road up Verdi Creek and into Dog Valley was the preferred route of emigrant wagon trains and early auto travelers.
The original survey for U.S. 40 also favored the Dog Valley route. Of the two possibilities for the new U.S. Highway, the Dog Valley route would have cost the state one-tenth of what the final alignment in the Truckee river canyon cost. Politics and bribery had their day though and the current roads were built in a canyon already tightly occupied by the Southern Pacific.
Truckee is a growing community with unfortunate spread into the area to the north. It is also a town obsessed with roundabouts; when I was there, the roundabout that led to Dog Valley was under construction. It should be fine now. Go north out of Truckee on Route 89 and turn onto Prosser Dam Road, a little north of I-80 ( 39′ 20,718N 120′ 10.355W). This was the route of the pioneers and the ill-fated Donner Party. The LHW continues straight but Prosser Dam inundated the road so bear right at 39° 22.157’N 120° 9.269’W. This will take you around the dam.
To confirm that you are on the Dog Valley road, you should eventually reach 39° 24.664’N 120° 8.894’W a little north of the dam.
The country here is pine forest and dirt roads, just the way I like the LHW, perfect for a Model T tour.
The road intersects with the Henness Pass Wagon Road built in 1851. The LHW and Henness Pass Road run concurrently into Verdi. ( 39° 30.403’N 120° 5.528’W ) Turn east here.
First and Second Summits
When the current Dog Valley route was scouted it climbed the side of a ridge, rather than taking the creek bed. This was the easier choice and resulted in two “passes” known quite simply as First Summit ( 39° 32.935’N 120° 2.366’W ) and Second Summit ( 39° 31.580’N 120° 4.199’W).
We camped at First Summit the first night out.
A Word About Dirt Roads
I like dirt roads especially when they are part of the Lincoln Highway. These roads may have been graded and widened but they still give you the feel of the original road. When dirt roads go bad is when people drive too fast and create ripples or washboards. Once started, these will only get worse until regrading occurs. The section of the Lincoln I am describing here has very good dirt roads, quite suitable for passenger vehicles. Just pick your way around the rocks.
The road leading to/from Verdi is steep, no doubt about it. It is also graded but not surfaced so sharp rocks stick out in places. There is a four-mile grade between Verdi and First Summit and it must have been another instance of “Ford’s Defeat” which I’ll take about later. (39° 32.282’N 120° 1.731’W)
Finally you reach Verdi itself ( 39° 31.463’N 119° 59.769’W), a station on the Central Pacific R.R. and site of a famous train robbery. Verdi looks as though it’s been bypassed and it has. It’s a residential community and home to a few ranches. There are few services except on the freeway. Nearby on I-80 is the gaudy Boomtown Casino.
I did find something to enjoy while I was waiting for a train to pass but I have no idea what it was used for. There is a barrel instead of a radiator and some of the controls face backwards. This is one block from old 40 next to the railroad crossing. ( 39° 31.073’N 119° 59.302’W)
Next Up: The Lincoln Highway Monument and Reno’s Fourth Street.

domain: travel


text:
TNT veteran Jayson Castro is optimistic the banged-up Tropang Giga will come out of their failed title defense in the PBA Philippine Cup a lot wiser and hungrier moving forward.
The Tropang Giga bravely battled through pain, injuries or banishment of key players and the absence of coach Chot Reyes but ultimately faded in the final push against the San Miguel Beer juggernaut, 119-97.
“The Blur” said he couldn’t ask for more from his teammates, who soldiered on despite missing Reyes (health protocols), Glenn Khobuntin (MCL) and later Poy Erram (ejected in the second quarter) and even had the upperhand after three quarters, 89-84.
Assistant coach Josh Reyes, who stood in for his boss and father, expressed a similar sentiment.
“We’re missing bodies, we’re missing rotation players that we’re not expecting to be missing. But I thought the guys played their hearts out. Now there’s nothing to do but get ready for the next conference. Hopefully, we’ll get another shot at it,” said the younger Mr. Reyes.
Mr. Castro himself was not 100 percent coming off a right ankle sprain sustained in Game 6 but still produced 32 points, 10 rebounds and eight assists in the decider. He dropped 19 in the third, allowing the Tropang Giga to wipe out an 11-point deficit and enter the payoff canto on top by five. — Olmin Leyba


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During the event, the cast got on stage to sing the show’s theme song – Gavin De Graw‘s “I Don’t Wanna Be.” Watch below!
Shortly after her divorce with Michael, she started seeing actor Wes Ramsey.Soon after, she was seen on the films I Love You, I Love You Not and Thinner.Her career breakthrough came out in the year 1998 when she was cast on the TV series The Guiding Light, playing the role Teenage Reva Shayne clone.She is currently in relationship with her long time friend just after her divorce.She was initially married and been the mother of an adorable daughter.Tall and handsome, Wes Ramsey was born as Wesley Albert Ramsey at the end of 1977 in Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America to Bill Ramsey and Linda Ramsey.He has two siblings and they are named as Warren Ramsey and William Ramsey.They are still happily in love as a couple these days.This art print displays sharp, vivid images with a high degree of color accuracy on high quality paper.Wes has not been married yet in his life but he is found to be in love these days.He is having romantic love affairs with love of his life Bethany Joy Lenz since the end of Bethany Joy Lenz is an actress. His nationality is American and he is of white ethnicity. With a dream to pursue his acting dreams, he joined Louisville's Walden Theatre and he studied acting there for several years. That year he made his acting debut by starring the role of Sam Spencer in an American television soap opera Guiding Light.


text: The Tochni Experiment Station was established in 1982 as an outstation of the Agricultural Research Institute within the framework of the Vasilikos-Pentaskinos irrigation project. Today, the Station features 11 hectares and supports research activities in Plant Protection, Soil Science, Vegetable and Ornamental crops, Plant Improvement and Agrobiotechnology. In order to support research requirements, the Station accommodates latest technology Greenhouses and Screenhouses, a desalinization unit, a meteorological station and a mobile unit for atmospheric monitoring. Frequent informative and training sessions for students, farmers and agricultural extension officers are organized at the Tochni Station. On November 2010, a training centre was established, offering theoretical and practical training to scientists and agricultural extension officers regarding sustainable hydroponic production.

domain: agronomy


text:
Lee, Siew Ling and Sie Tiong, Ong and P. S., Keng and A. W, Chong and Y. T., Hung (2010) Tartaric acid modified rice hull as a sorbent for methylene blue removal. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6 (3). 244- 248. ISSN 1553-345X
Full text not available from this repository.
Official URL: http:///thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajessp.2010...
Problem statement: Improper dye discharge from various industries such as textile, paper, cosmetic and plastics into receiving streams can be one of the sources towards water pollution. The release of these effluents not only causes various disruptions in the ecosystems, but also poses hazard effect as most of the dyes are highly toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature. Approach: To prepare an inexpensive and efficient sorbent by chemically modifying rice hull for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) which is predominantly used in coloring acrylic fiber. Batch experiments were carried out for the removal of MB from aqueous solution by using Tartaric Acid Modified Rice Hull (TARH). Parameters studied include effect of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and agitation rate and sorption isotherm. Results: From the results, the percentage uptake of MB increased with increasing contact time and agitation rate. Based on the linear regression correlation coefficient, R2, the system under study is more appropriately described by the pseudo-second order model. Maximum sorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model is 25.0 mg g-1 for MB. Conclusion: The study has shown the effectiveness of TARH in the removal of MB, a basic dye from synthetic solutions.
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||Tartaric acid modified rice hull, methylene blue removal|
|Deposited By:||Liza Porijo|
|Deposited On:||18 Jul 2012 03:48|
|Last Modified:||13 Feb 2017 01:27|
Repository Staff Only: item control page

domain: chemistry


This 3 in 1 Solar Robots can be transformed into 3 different robot modes: robot, scorpion and tank. The robot walks, the scorpion crawls and the tank rolls. It's designed to teach kids about solar power by building a real moving robot that runs on solar energy.
|Power Supply||Powered by Solar Energy|
|Requires Assembly||Around 50 Pieces of Kits|
|Suitable Ages||8 and Above|
|Solar Panel Output||75mA|
|Dimension||11L x 8W x 6.5H cm(Sizes vary in different modes)|
|Package Size||24L x 18W x 6H cm|
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Our ultimate goal is to be an innovative, one-stop, online destination for anything you can find in the home and anything that you’ll need in your life!


text:
Winnetka Bowling League came to town on Friday, October 18th at 12:00pm for another intimate ALT Up-Close performance, Live at Sweetwater.
The band performed just for ALT Insiders.
They played a few songs live, then meet with ALT Insiders in attendance.
Powered by: Sweetwater
“On The 5”
See slideshow below or click HERE for Meet & Greet photos!


click on the album covers to see the lyrics inside the album
Until the End of Time
Recent Opshop News:
irn talent rachel - Sat, 18 May 2013
Rachel Hunter is returning to the judging panel for the next series of New Zealand's Got Talent. Rachel Hunter to find if we've Got Talent again Rachel Hunter, New Zealand's Got Talent, TV One, TVNZ, Opshop, Jason Kerrison, Cris Judd
Related Information for Opshop:
» Opshop are Jason Kerrison (vocals/guitar), Matt Treacy (guitar), Clint Harris (bass) and Bobby Kennedy (drums).The New Zealand rock band have released three albums - 2004’s platinum selling ‘You Are Here’, 2007’s multi-platinum selling ‘Second Hand Planet’, and 2010’s ‘Until The End Of Time’.Opshop were winners of the coveted ‘Peoples Choice Award’ at the 2007 New Zealand Music Awards.
» We present 16 different Opshop lyrics and remixes all listed in alphabetical order. Besides Opshop song lyrics you can also browse Opshop images/album covers. You can choose to translate lyrics to Opshop to different languages as well. Please feel free to submit corrections you have for Opshop songs and comments you have for meaning to Opshop lyrics


text:
This 39+/- acre piece of land is located in Marathon County Wisconsin, in the township of Ringle. This property is close to Hwy 29 and is close to shopping and entertainment! Don't let this opportunity get away!
|Lot Size SqFt: 1698840||Lake Chain:|
|Lot Size Acres: 39.0||Lake Name:|
|Taxes: $0||Water Frontage (feet): 0|
|Tax Year: 0||Lake Size-Acres: 0|
|School District:||Access Road: Town Road|

domain: geography


text:
For people who struggle with mental illness, treatment and therapy can be integral. Researchers and scientists are now looking to games as a way to help treat and manage a multitude of mental health conditions. For example, smokers with mental illness smoke more cigarettes than smokers without, and reaching for a game for relief and treatment (instead of a cigarette) could be a literal lifesaver.
We partnered with truth to look at some of the games that can play a crucial role in the world of mental health therapy, from coping with stress and anxiety, to helping veterans combat PTSD, and helping to decrease cravings to smoke cigarettes.
Feeling Stressed? Try a Casual Game
The world can be a stressful place, but did you know that an antidote to anxiety may be hiding in your smartphone? A study from researchers at East Carolina University shows that playing sessions of casual video games — like simple games that feature candy, birds, maybe words with friends — can actually decrease anxiety. Researchers found concrete evidence that low-commitment games actually helped regulate heart rates in a way that was consistent with lowered stress and anxiety. What’s more, people suffering from anxiety are more likely to smoke cigarettes, so turning to these casual games instead could have an even larger impact on your health.
Virtual Reality Helps Combat PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most painful and challenging anxiety disorders a person can go through. Usually the result of a shocking, frightening, or dangerous event, PTSD can cause flashbacks and nightmares among those who suffer from it, and it’s especially prevalent among soldiers. To make matters worse, Big Tobacco has historically targeted military personnel, and makes about $37 billion a year from people with mental health issues. Plus, Big Tobacco’s products affect the readiness and performance of the military.
But there’s been recent research into the use of virtual reality to help patients who struggle with PTSD. One such virtual reality game, Virtual Iraq, is specifically used to help veterans who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan work through their PTSD symptoms. By using prolonged exposure therapy in a controlled environment, the patient can slowly begin to face the fearful experiences that are at the root of their traumatic memories.
Tetris Decreases Cravings
A recent study suggests that the puzzle classic Tetris, first released in 1984, could lead to a decrease in cravings of everything from alcohol to cigarettes to sex. A group of test subjects were given a device to report the severity of their cravings at regular but random intervals.
After reporting in, they then played just three minutes of Tetris and were asked to report back on their cravings. Severity dropped over thirteen percent across the group for the entirety of the test, and was even effective while the subjects were under the influence of alcohol (which, traditionally, makes certain cravings stronger). So the next time you’re craving a smoke, why not try a few minutes of everyone’s favorite block-dropper?
MMOs as Meditation
Some people mistakenly believe smoking reduces stress, when in fact nicotine increases your heart rate, tenses your muscles, and decreases the oxygen to your brain. But it turns out that massively multiplayer online (MMO) games may be a healthy alternative that actually does reduce stress. Studies delving into how massively multiplayer online (MMO) games affect players have been around since the early days of the genre. But recent research shows that gaming in these absorbing worlds could have effects similar to meditation. As with most things in life, too much of a good thing can lead to plenty of other problems, and the sweet spot seems to be moderate MMO playtime. To help keep players grounded and connected to the real world, researchers recommend playing MMOs with “real life” or “offline” friends, which will help ground the game in reality (and keep players from playing for too long).
If you or someone you know is suffering from mental health issues, reach out and talk to a professional right away.
Truth aims to arm people with the facts about smoking and the tobacco industry, ultimately empowering them to avoid smoking altogether. And since people with mental health issues account for 31 percent of cigarettes smoked in the US, alternative opportunities for managing stress and anxiety are key components to the movement to end smoking. Check out thetruth.com for more info about smoking, mental health, and the tobacco industry.
Giaco Furino is a writer living and working in Brooklyn. He contributes frequently to The Creators Project, Tribeca Shortlist’s Outtake, Rhapsody magazine, and more.
This post is a sponsored collaboration between truth and Studio@Gizmodo.

domain: psychology


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Yesterday, the senate voted against the Manchin-Toomey gun control bill 60-40. On top of that and to my great surprise, they PASSED a bill on national right-to-carry reciprocity, 57-43. This recognition of our natural rights comes at a time when the fervor of the fear-mongers is at an all-time high about gun-violence. We’ve heard everything from actors and politicians who “demand a plan”, to Feinstein, Schumer, Bloomberg and Obama setting their agenda on the graves of dead children and grieving families, all for the sake of political expediency. “If it saves just ONE life, it’s worth it!” we’ve heard over and over. The hard truth is, not only is it WRONG to sacrifice the liberty of millions for the illusion of safety, gun control has NEVER shown to have saved EVEN ONE LIFE. The data from Obama’s own justice dep’t., the CDC (which is definitely NOT pro-gun), law enforcement from around the nation has proven this over and over and over again.
We’ve heard the President say, “These people deserve a vote!” Wow. How ironic, because that’s exactly what the pro-slavery movement said about the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Putting people’s liberties and freedoms to a vote of congress is not only stupid, but flat out dangerous to a free people. You would think a Constitutional Law Professor and a BLACK MAN on top of it would be familiar with the precedent that was set by the Dred Scott decision but hey, we can’t let something like facts and history get in the way of El Presidente beating the war drums to further his agenda of “more government, less freedom”. After all, it’s “for the children.”
So the vote to compromise our natural God-given rights comes up in the senate and they say, “NO.” In response, a disappointed Obama gets on national TV and has the audacity to SHAME people for not compromising their own rights that keep us free. He and the other “safety first” statists had every excuse in the world other than admitting that gun control JUST DOESN’T WORK. “The gun lobby lied about what’s in the bill”, that a “minority of gun owners got upset and intimidated their senators into voting for something that 90% of the nation supports.” I can tolerate and even EXPECT some twisting of poll numbers and the truth when it comes to politics but this President and his followers that have been pushing this issue to a vote the entire time are ALL OUT LIARS. There is no other way to say it. There’s not a single poll out there that has 90% supporting tighter gun control laws unless the poll was limited to the White House or Handgun Control Inc. or Rosie O’Donell’s dinner table. The poll the Liar in Chief is referencing is a Gallup poll shown here, read it for yourself: http://www.gallup.com/poll/1645/guns.aspx
The “gun lobby” referenced must be the “evil corporate NRA with all that blood on their hands”. Lemme give the hippies reading this another little history lesson: before there were senators and presidents willing to take away and restrict the rights of millions, there WAS NO GUN LOBBY. The NRA focused on safety, training and education. They only threw their hat into the political ring at the request of MILLIONS of law-abiding citizens who were sick of having those rights trod upon by politicians like Schumer and Bloomberg. So, for those of you who blame the NRA for getting in the way of your utopian paradise where there is no gun violence, you only have yourselves to blame. YOU made us gun-owners act to protect our rights. YOU ultimately made the NRA more powerful with every piece of restrictive legislation you pushed forward. As for them “lying about what’s in the bill”, that’s flat-out BULLSHIT. Contrary to what most liberals think about us, we CAN and DO read! From my reading of the bill, it was entirely unworkable and unenforcable without a system leading to the full registration of firearms which is contra to the entire purpose of the 2nd amendment and an armed populace. The only thing the NRA lied about was that we couldn’t win unless I renewed my membership early. You can wait til April like always, Mr. LaPierre….
As for us “intimidating” our senators: threatening not to re-elect them during the mid-terms is “intimidation”??? I suppose playing the “I got your nose” game with my God-son is “assault and battery”.
This whole morally judgmental shaming by the president and his statist thugs is just the latest in an attempt to emotionally manipulate the nation into giving away the very rights which keep us free and it’s a DISGUSTING political tactic. It’s just as low and tacky as saying “if it just saves one life”, or having the mother of one of the Sandy Hook victims tug at the heart-strings of the public, or riding on the coattails of your spouse who survived an assassination attempt. In the end, it’s nothing more than emotionally based rhetoric to further erode the rights of a free people in the interests of more state control disguised as “safety”. We aren’t buying it anymore. The final proof you need is actually in the last lie that fell from Obama’s lips: If the majority of Americans that were calling and writing their senators wanted this bill to pass, if most NRA members supported it as the President claimed……… IT WOULD’VE PASSED!!! Since it didn’t, what more proof does Obama need to see that people are seeing gun control for what it is: from failed policy to sad joke.


Halfway through the Smite World Championship Qualifiers and we continue to see the solo laners of the world stay very consistent. In today's By The Numbers we take a look at the best of the best from across the world who have played at least 12 games in the SWC.
Kill Death Assist Ratio
Not only has Gamehunter bested all solo laners in KDA for three weeks running, he also sits 5th out of every player in the world. MissedTheBoat plays in enough games to qualify, coming in at 4th, knocking Divios out of the top 6 and Wolfy2032 becomes a free agent.
This past weekend AnatoLiy slightly increased his lead on Gamehunter with high damaging Bakasura and Hebo games. Rushed and Omegatron also make a reemergence after having there spots taken over the previous week.
Gold Per Minute
To no ones surprise, Divios sits at the top of all gold farm for solo laners. However, his teammate Snoopy passed him this past weekend for highest GPM in the world. Everyone else in the top 6 are unchained with the exception of MissedTheBoat passing up Kobrokai for 6th.
There will be no tournament next weekend while the East vs. West Showmatch is going on in China, but action will resume on June 14th on Saturday 12PM EDT/1800 CEST and Sunday at 9am EDT/1500 CEST on Twitch.tv/smitegame


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On Wednesday I spent a day at Middlesex University as a visiting lecturer working with their 1st year dance students, looking at my work with older people in dance and what’s involved in teaching and training people at a later stage in their life.
This is the third year running I’ve taught at Middlesex uni on the topic and I decided to talk to this year’s students in a very different way than previously. I’ve been thinking recently about my practice and work with dance and older people over the past few years. This time I wanted to share something about myself that made an impact on why I do what I do.
I spoke to them about my training years as a dancer and how I was always the older one in the various courses I took when I was training. During my developing years I was alway “reminded” by others of the fact that I was older and that I could not be what I wanted to be. I loved Ballet and wanted to dance as a ballet dancer but my teacher in Sardinia took care to explain that “one becomes a prima ballerina by the age of 16”, of course this immediately put me out of the picture as I was starting at 18. However this did not deter me from wanting to dance and perform.
As I arrived in London I felt very out of touch and what I had learned back home in dance, ballet and jazz were my favourites, was very different here! I decided to take up contemporary dance as I had a feeling that this approach and style was the right style for my body and I wanted to see what was possible as well as enjoying some of the things I saw people doing. Still the stigma of ageing was there and younger dancers were always favoured, getting the jobs often because they could be a lot more physical than I could.
Having got to the point where I felt incredibly discouraged, I resolved to have nothing more to do with dancing. And that would have been that if it were not for some very persistent encouragement from my now husband.
I found myself teaching young people and children and later on older people. The more I heard people’s stories about how much they wanted to dance and saw them having a go, the more I realised how much I wanted to help them achieve their goals while changing the world’s views of ageing and who should be performing.
What I do today will hopefully help people that are struggling to keep going or to simply get started, some who’ve lost hope or who have been listening to the “establishment” and already given up, or others that have put dance and performance off because someone suggested they would be better off doing something else as they were too old to be dancers. I certainly draw inspiration from my students, as they prove time and time again that if you take the first step (get started!) and are willing to do the work, there’s a very high chance of achieving something wonderful.


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The APMSTS began conceptually with discussions at the 7th International Symposium of Limb Salvage Surgeons (ISOLS) meeting in Singapore hosted by then President of ISOLS, Professor Robert WH Pho. Together with a number of other established Asian surgeons the principle of need of such an organisation based in the Asia Pacific region was introduced. This was especially pressing given the ready collaborative environments that were already in place in Europe (European Musculoskeletal Oncology Symposium, EMSOS) and the American Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS). Accordingly, the first APMSTS was held in Tokyo, Japan under the presidency of Yoshio Ogihara. Since then the meeting has been held every 2 years to alternate with the ISOLS meeting.
The APMSTS remains an organisation focused to the bringing together of practitioners and allied health workers in the field of musculoskeletal oncology (orthopaedic oncology) in the Asia Pacific region. This is not a restrictive organisation as the unique diversity of cultures in this region is attractive to practitioners in places as far flung as the Middle East. While the association is presently undergoing fundamental changes and establishment to its constitution it has become acknowledged the challenges that must face the organisation as it now navigates its way through an establishment of. Until then the members of the APMSTS continue to collaborate in a fruitful if unofficial membership of individuals who represent their respective countries on the advisory board of the APMSTS.
The members of the board comprise a maximum of three representatives per member country who are introduced to the board by existing members based on their past and on-going contributions to the organisation and support for its meetings. Membership is strictly voluntary and non-binding and there is no financial requirement. Virtually all financial undertakings for the 2-year term of the presidency are undertaken by the current president of the APMSTS.Read More»


Steven Fox of the US plays out of a bunker onto the 12th green in the first round of The Open at Muirfield in Gullane, Scotland, on Thursday.Jul 20, 2013FULL STORY
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Healthcare specialists have helpful tips for avoiding damage to your skin from the sun
LA CROSSE, Wis. (WKBT) — The most important time to avoid sun exposure is between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.
Covering skin with clothing and wearing wide brim hats are ways to avoid harmful UVA and UVB rays from the sun.
Specialist said any skin exposed to the sun should be covered by sun screen. Gundersen Health System wellness education specialist Jessica Boland said, “Make sure you have a sunscreen that is broad-spectrum, with helioplex and at least an SPF of 30.” She also said sunscreen should be re-applied about every 90 minutes and that it should be re-applied when you leave the water if you have been swimming.
Lotions are preferred by specialists, but if you use spray-on sunscreen make sure you still rub it in. Make sure noses, hands and the tops of ears are all covered.
COPYRIGHT 2023 BY NEWS 8000. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS MATERIAL MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED, BROADCAST, REWRITTEN OR REDISTRIBUTED.


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M&G stands tall with inflows success
M&G Investments still stands tall among its fund management peers with substantial outperformance and inflows across its strategies this year, as the wider UK funds industry continues to report improved figures after a difficult 2009.
Two-thirds of M&G’s retail funds outperformed their peers over the three years to the end of June, and 95% of its external institutional mandates were performing in line with, or above, their benchmarks, according to half-year results of its parent company Prudential. The figures refer to the number of outperforming funds and mandates, rather than the amount of assets in outperforming strategies, according to an M&G spokesman.
The asset manager also attracted a net £4.7bn in new assets over the six months to the end of June. Retail investors placed a net £3.4bn with the company over the period, down from £4.1bn in the same period of 2009, but still "far higher than we anticipated at the beginning of the year", according to the results. It has attracted more money into its UK retail funds than any of its UK competitors for the last six quarters, it said.
It added: “We had expected inflows to return to more normal levels this year after a record 2009 for M&G, when clients invested heavily in its top-performing bond funds to exploit a near unique opportunity in fixed income markets. However, retail fund flows have continued to be exceptional and are now spread across a wider range of funds."
Institutional investors placed a net £1.3bn over the period, compared with a net inflow of £4.6bn last year, but the previous figure was boosted by a single £4bn mandate. In total, M&G managed £179bn (€218bn) of assets at the end of June - £76bn of which was for third-party clients.
The continuing strong demand for the asset manager's funds contributed to a jump in its operating profits for the six months to a record £122m, up 63% from the same period last year. Along with continuing inflows, the company cited rising equity market levels over the intervening 12 months for the increase.
M&G is the latest UK asset manager to report much improved figures compared with last year.
Yesterday, Standard Life Investments reported record assets under management for third-party clients, thanks to substantial inflows over the first half. Last week, Schroders also reported a strong first half with a huge surge in profits over the previous year, primarily due to large institutional inflows and much smaller costs after paying out substantial "rationalisation costs" last year to cut staff after the financial crisis. Two weeks ago, Aberdeen Asset Management's quarterly figures were also received positively by analysts after reporting improving inflows.
--Write to firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: finance


With the RADOX® EV-C Single-Core connection system, alongside the new RADOX® Flex high-voltage cables, HUBER+SUHNER has enabled manufacturers to reduce the effort required when installing a harness onto an EV. Find out more here.
ST was the first established standard in the fiber optic market with a bayonet mechanism. The ST is often used in industrial and security applications.
The ST connector with its material and design provides highest mechnical and technical resistance. The bayonet mechanism allows a strong and stable connection between the connector and the adaptor with the function of a fast connection and disconnection.
HUBER+SUHNER offers the right adaptor to fit with SMA.


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Marvin’s Marvelous Mechanical Museum is an Oakland County experience unlike any other! Located in the city of Farmington Hills, Marvin’s is home to thousands of mechanical trinkets, oddities, one-of-a-kind collectables, and a variety of vintage arcade games.
Take a sneak peek at the wonder and fun that awaits you at Marvin’s Marvelous Mechanical Museum in our video:
Looking for a fun place to spend time with your canine kids? You’re in luck! The Oakland County area offers a variety of dog parks. You and your furry friend can have a great time at any one of the local dog parks playing, socializing, and exercising. View all the dog parks in Oakland County below:
List of Dog Parks in Oakland County
Whether you want to play ball at the Lyon Oaks Dog Park in Wixom, swim & doggie paddle at Orion Oaks Dog Park in Lake Orion, or take a stroll at William Grace Dog Park in Farmington Hills, there’s a park for you nearby.
Oakland County’s Parks and Recreation manages three dog parks, which are all open most of the year. See the list above for additional dog parks and details. Rain or shine, the parks are open and waiting to welcome you and your pup!
Do you know of any other dog parks in the Oakland County area? Let us know via Facebook or Twitter, contact us at email@example.com, or leave a comment below.
Visit the Oakland County website, and follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest for more news and fun year round. Join the conversation using #OaklandCounty.
If you’d like to learn about the wilds surrounding your everyday life, you’ll love our map of nature centers in Oakland County. This interactive map, created by Oakland County’s award-winning GIS team, will lead you on a journey across the county, from center to center, helping you plan a trip to any one of these great locations to learn about the natural world. Sunshine or rain, summer or winter, these nature centers are there for you to help grow your pool of knowledge!
Heritage Park in Farmington Hills. Photo credit: Jonathan Schechter
For those who are twenty-one years old or older, there’s an array of breweries, vintners, distillers, and wineries all across Oakland County waiting to serve you. In recent years, these establishments have been sprouting up all over the county. Head on over to the River’s Edge Brewing Company on the Huron River in Milford and raise a glass of beer to good times, visit Hoffman Farms Winery in Highland for a sweet drink, or go to Rochester Mills in Rochester for handcrafted ales and lagers.
We have compiled a vast list and map of all the breweries, wineries, meaderies, and more in Oakland County to help you plan your next visit to one of these locations; check it out below.
Looking for a place to spend a day on the greens, chipping, putting, and traveling across a beautiful golf course? You’re in luck because five Oakland County Parks maintain splendid golf courses. Whether you’re interested in the Arthur Hills-designed course of Lyon Oaks, a women’s league, beginner lessons, or a fast nine-holes at Red Oaks, Oakland County Parks has something to offer golfers of all ages and experience levels.