Mercury cuts on the ground not enough
MERCURY Reducing mercury in wastewater hasn't solved contamination in lakes and fish.
By John Myers
Duluth News Tribune
Published February 26, 2006
When you raise your face into that first spring rainfall, remember this:
The water splashing off your head is higher in mercury contamination than the treated sewage water leaving the Western Lake Superior Sanitary District.
And therein underscores an environmental conundrum.
The WLSSD, like all large Great Lakes wastewater plants, is under federal order to reduce mercury in its discharge to 1.8 parts per trillion. It's an effort to keep Lake Superior free from mercury that builds up in fish and makes them unsafe for humans to eat.
But that wastewater standard is so far below the level of mercury in rainwater that falls on the Northland -- now about 12 parts per trillion -- that many experts say it's impossible to meet.
The WLSSD receives untreated wastewater that averages about 100 parts per trillion mercury. Its treatment process reduces that to about 2.6 parts per trillion, on average, before it flows into the St. Louis River.
That 2.6 parts per trillion (2004 average) is down from 20.6 parts per million a decade ago and is among the lowest of any wastewater plant in the region. And it reflects more than a decade of efforts to get mercury out of the waste stream -- reducing mercury from the papermaking process, dental and medical offices, school labs, consumer products and more.
The level of mercury leaving the WLSSD pipe in Duluth's West End is lower than the level in the river upstream, now about 3.1 parts per trillion.
"We could cut our emissions to zero and it still wouldn't affect the river or the lake or the fish. It wouldn't make a difference," said Tim Tuominen, engineer for the WLSSD. "That doesn't mean we won't keep trying. We'll keep looking at options... But it does mean that it's going to take a local, state and global effort to cut mercury (emissions) or we're never going to get there."
Falling from the sky
Gary Glass, retired U.S. Environmental Protection Agency mercury researcher in Duluth, said it doesn't make sense to require mercury levels in wastewater to be lower than levels in the river or falling rain. Efforts should first be aimed at getting the mercury out of the rain, he said.
That would require cutting mercury in industrial air emissions, such as coal-burning power plants.
"The only way to reduce mercury in the river and lake is to get it out of the rain. But we aren't doing that yet," said Glass. "It's lunacy that our government has a (mercury) standard for lakes but then no standard for the rain that fills the lakes up."
Still, the federal mandate for sewage effluent remains. In just 12 months the standard will drop from 21 parts per trillion to 1.8 parts per trillion. Kurt Soderberg, WLSSD executive director, said it's not likely they'll meet the March 2007 deadline. The Hibbing wastewater plant, and Minnesota Power's Laskin Energy Center wastewater treatment facility, are the other Lake Superior basin plants expected to need a variance.
WLSSD officials already are working with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to seek a variance to the federal rule. Ohio and Michigan plants already have been granted a similar variance.
"We look at where they have gone and are going, whether there's been a good-faith effort to get there," said Gary Kimball of the PCA's standards unit. "WLSSD has been who everyone looks to for mercury reduction ideas. It's likely if they say they can't get there by the deadline it probably can't be done."
In the meantime, efforts to cut mercury from wastewater continue. The WLSSD is looking at chemicals that might bind up the mercury and allow it to be captured before it leaves the plant.
The district also is spending $4.1 million to upgrade several last-step holding tanks that capture suspended solids in the wastewater that sometimes flow out of the plant during storms. Most of the mercury in the wastewater is tied up in those solids.
WLSSD has contracted with the Natural Resources Research Institute's Coleraine Minerals Lab to investigate possible mercury filters. The WLSSD also is looking at test projects for end-of-pipe mercury reduction by the University of North Dakota and Ferrometrics Inc.
"It hasn't been practical at all in the past, but we're always looking," Soderberg said.
Minnesota has reduced mercury in products and garbage by 70 percent since 1990, from 8,881 pounds annually to 739. But airborne mercury emissions have increased, from 1,667 pounds to 1,923, mostly as the economy has required more electricity.
Soderberg and others welcomed word last week that Gov. Tim Pawlenty was changing course and now supports state legislation to curb mercury air pollution that originates within the state, especially from coal-fired power plants. The PCA previously backed a course that waited for stronger federal laws.
The state's goal is to make all fish in Minnesota's lakes safe for all people to eat. It's still not clear what steps will be taken to make that happen.
While state sources are only part of the total mercury that falls here -- as much or more mercury comes from regional, national and even global sources as far away as China -- environmental groups say Minnesota should be leading the way.
"The local sources are probably a bigger portion of the problem because the mercury is more active, closer to the source" of combustion, Glass said. "The notion that we can't make a difference by cleaning up our own sources is hogwash."
Mercury doesn't disappear
Thanks to efforts to get mercury out of consumer products, dental waste and industrial recipes, such as paper pulp processing, the amount of mercury coming into the WLSSD has declined rapidly in recent years, from 180 parts per trillion in 1995 to 100 parts per trillion in 2004.
But mercury -- from rainwater, schools, households and other sources -- continues to flow into the plant. Much of the mercury captured by the WLSSD leaves the plant inside a sewage sludge fertilizer product called biosolids. That treated sludge, which has been anaerobically digested to kill disease-carrying pathogens, contains a small amount of mercury per ton that does contribute to the ground mercury in the soil.
The level of mercury in the material spread by the WLSSD dropped from 1.3 parts-per-trillion in 1995 to 0.37 parts per trillion in 2004. It remains far below EPA standards.
While some opponents of sewage sludge fertilizer say the mercury levels are too high, WLSSD officials say it would take regular applications for 500 years to raise soil mercury levels to EPA limits.
Still, the PCA's Kimball noted, mercury is being reintroduced to the environment in the sludge, and some of that may end up moving into the atmosphere. It would be best, he noted, if mercury didn't flow into the plant to start.
"The only way to prevent having mercury to deal with is not have it going out to begin with," he said. "There's no magic way to get rid of it once in becomes part of your process."


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The charter had earmarked the St. Rose de Lima Church site as possible quarters but nothing has been finalized, Chief Academic Officer Kendall Petri revealed. The school is also looking at facilities in the Treme neighborhood, or surrounding areas, as part of the charter’s commitment to serve the Treme community.
“We do not want to move into a facility that is too far away from the neighborhood and lose our students,” Petri said. “We are a community school that serves kids in Iberville, Lafitte and Treme… we want to be at a place where we are the nucleus in the neighborhood.”
Petri said that Lagniappe’s student body numbers 130, which is forty more than last year, and is the current site’s capacity. The school could remain at its current space for one more year with the addition of a new modular but space would be very tight.
In other agenda items, school officials gave updates on recent school news and community engagement news. The board also approved two new members.
School Community Leader Yoshekia Brown said the school received a $1000 grant from Serve-A-Kid, a local foundation that helps pay for student uniforms. About 40 uniforms were purchased with the grant.
Working with Revolution Foods, a food service provider, Lagniappe Academy has begun serving supper to students from Monday to Thursday. The suppers, which are comprised of fresh foods and vegetables, is part of the free and reduced meal program sponsored with state and federal monies.
Brown added that the school had ramped up its parent involvement with school activities. Parents are urged to volunteer 10 hours yearly for school activities.
Petri added that school data revealed that about 80 percent of students live with unemployed parents. Furthermore, 85 percent are single parents, and many students live with their grandparents or other relatives.
“This is a step to have parents take a proactive involvement in their child’s education and development,” Brown said. “We are doing all we can to not give them a chance to make excuses.”
In academic news, the recently released school performance score shows little improvement from last year.
Lagniappe’s 2011-2012 SPS was 58.6, up from 57.4 last year – a “F” grade.
The school recently instituted more stringent reading programs to help spur academic growth.
Lastly, the board announced that one of its founding members, William Norton, was leaving the board for personal reasons.
Emily Gordy, an attorney, and Lee Pryor, a developer at the WWII Museum, were elected as new board members.
The hour-long meeting was then adjourned.
The next board meeting is Nov 28.

domain: news


text:
The Seattle Kraken have not had a great start to their first season. They will finish 2021 at the bottom of the Pacific Division despite having shown improvements as the season has progressed. If this team wants to make a run at a playoff spot, these three players need to step up once the calendar flips.
Goaltender Philipp Grubauer has not lived up to expectations this season after signing a six-year, $35.4 million contract. Through 23 starts, he has a 3.29 goals-against average (GAA) and a .882 save percentage (SV%). His advanced stats are not much better as he has allowed 20.5 goals above expected this season which leads the league. The next highest is Kevin Lankinen of the Chicago Blackhawks, at 12.8.
The good news for Grubauer is that Chris Driedger finally looks to be healthy. This means Seattle can implement the 1A-1B goaltending tandem that many penciled in before the season. The former Florida goaltender has been on and off injury reserve all season, resulting in him starting only six of the team’s 30 games so far this season. With more rest between starts and a Kraken team that looks to have fixed some of their early defensive issues, “Gru,” as he is called, should have no problem bouncing back in 2022.
Mark Giordano has struggled with the Kraken. Seattle’s captain has only managed eight points in 24 games and sits tied for 12th amongst all Kraken players. Add on the fact he missed multiple games after contracting COVID-19, and you have a year to forget for the former Norris winner.
In the case of Giordano, he hasn’t played poorly; he just hasn’t been able to produce at the level that was expected. He currently leads the team in five-on-five Corsi with a 52.64%, but those chances are not turning into goals. Luckily, Vince Dunn has stepped up when it comes to offense from the defense, but Seattle needs to find a way to get their captain going in 2022.
In his first 19 games as a Kraken, Calle Järnkrok has two goals and five points. That is a major drop-off from last season, where he finished with 28 points in 49 games for the Nashville Predators. His analytics have not been good so far, and in December, he registered a Corsi below 40% in three of his five games. It has not been a great start for him with the Kraken, whether it is having chemistry with linemates, confidence issues, or a lingering injury.
Hopefully, the break will help Järnkrok reset and find his game. One way to help him regain confidence is to put him back on the power play and keep him with the same linemates to develop chemistry. So far this season, he has played on five different line combinations and both wings. He is currently slated to play on a line with Yanni Gourde, and the two have shown strong chemistry so far this season. Overall, 2022 should be a good year for the pending unrestricted free agent as long as he can make good on the opportunities presented to him.
2022 Should Be A Big Year for a Number of Kraken
There is a lot to look forward to if you are a Seattle Kraken fan. Depending on how his NCAA season goes, Matty Beniers may get an opportunity late in the season, and there is sure to be some movement when it comes to the trade deadline. The Kraken also has 19 unrestricted or restricted free agents this coming offseason, so some players will be stepping up in the new year to ensure they get a big payday come the offseason. 2022 should be a fun year, and it all gets going on January 1 with a battle against the Vancouver Canucks.
Adam is excited to be joining The Hockey Writers as part of the Seattle Kraken and Vancouver Canucks team. His work can also be found at area51sportsnet.com where he covers the Vancouver Giants of the Western Hockey League.

domain: sports


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Simpsonville allows for sewer contract renegotiation
Simpsonville City Council approved a proposal that they hope will create a more favorable agreement for the city in its sewer rehabilitation agreement with ReWa, the regional sewer utility.
The unanimous vote, which came at the Nov. 18 meeting, allows for officials from Frazier Engineering and the city’s legal staff to renegotiate terms of the current contract with ReWa.
This proposal came forward after officials from Frazier Engineering, who’ve been working on the sewer rehab, determined that the project could require longer than the current contracted time frame of seven years left to complete.
Frazier Engineering completed the first year of construction worth $1.4 million in September, then renewed the deal for another year of construction at $825,000.
“We’re looking at about $7.3 million worth of additional repairs left in priority basins, which we’ve agreed with ReWa to focus on,” Aaron Frazier of Frazier Engineering told the council. “$825,000 a year is what you have available to fix the sewer system on a pay-as-you-go process. That will be eight to nine years to finish work in these priority basins.”
Frazier said the pay-as-you-go process was chosen last year instead of taking out an $8 million loan so that the city would not face a large debt. Sewer fees are being used to fund the rehab program.
Sewer pipes that are old and cracking have been worked on throughout Greenville County. Simpsonville’s rehab agreement with ReWa began in June of 2006. The project’s schedule was hampered by early delays and then sewer pipes had to be carefully inspected to determine which were in the most need of repair.
“We are catching up and we will catch up,” Frazier said to council. “Your agreement with ReWa has some provisions in it that can update your agreement if it’s in your benefit.”
ReWa has agreements with Greenville County’s six cities to reduce stormwater flow into sanitary sewers. Gutters, culverts and pipes that drain storm water to rivers and streams is supposed to be separate from the system that handles sewage. When cracks in the sewer pipes allow storm water in, problems arise.
According to ReWa, wastewater headed to treatment plants can expose a community to disease and pollutants carried by sewage.
Councilman George Curtis believes a successful renegotiation can be achieved thanks to Simpsonville being one of the first cities to sign on with ReWa.
“Being first, sometimes things are not always as official as they might be,” Curtis said. “ReWa seems to be interested in being fair about things.”
Frazier said that their construction contractor is focused on 10 basins in Simpsonville, representing about 35 percent of the city’s sewer system. Subdivisions served by those basins include Duffy Woods, Autumn Trace, Stonebridge, Linden Park, Bellingham, Forest Park, Poinsettia, Powderhorn, Foxwood, Brentwood and Westwood.
“The city will have crews in the other 65 percent of the sewer system, starting to TV (television inspection), and we will work with them on the rest of the system over the next couple of years,” Frazier said. “So in three to four years after we’ve done a lot of rehab work in these basins, the public works department will have investigated the other parts of the system. Then we can prioritize again.”


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So I've been thinking of making some yiff/hentai games. But I don't know what game people will like the most so I've come here for your help. I'll put all the game ideas here and you can help me or give advice.
-First game: Pokemon dating sim.
You play as a trainer and you can do anything catch Pokemon's befriend them and try to makr them fall in love with you, if you want you can date the other trainers too. You can do anything with them what you want.
-Second game: Thundercats dating sim.
You're trying to make one or more characters fall in love with you in a short time period. You're on a mission so you'll have to make choice to survive and make one or more characters fall in love with you.
-Third game: Mario side scroller.
You play as peach and are trying to save mario from bowser in this game you have to save mario but it will be difficult all enemies try to fuck if you've been fucked to many times you will become bowsers slave and you've lost the game.
-Fourth game: Zelda porn game.
You're playing as link and try to save princess zelda But on your way you come across all sort of problems and side quest. After you helped someone you gain affection with that someone and when there truely like you, you can become her or his lover.
Please say what game you would like to see come true. I'll put a link to poal.me here so you can vote. http://poal.me/r9oouo
Thank you for taking the time to read this.

domain: entertainment


text:
I have so many unfinished quilts and projects sometimes it is difficult to know where to start. I guess that is a universal quilting problem!! I took this Mariners Compass workshop in September 2001 at my quilt guilds fall seminar. M'Liss Rae Hawley was the instructor. The fall seminar is planned and teachers are booked months in advance. The seminar was scheduled for the September 21 weekend. It was a hard time for everyone as it was just days after the disaster at the World Trade Centre. M'Liss Rae Hawley had a son that had just entered the U.S. Military and she was very concerned about him. I wonder how he is doing now.
It was a two day workshop and I enjoyed it. There were some interesting techniques I learned from M'Liss - how to make flying geese out of a bunch of squares and end up with 4 very nice looking geese - I still use that method. I had never done paper piecing and the middle medallion is paper pieced. The pattern in the book has another pieced border that has a kind of a trip around the world effect with small square which I left out and there was also a pieced fence at the bottom I left out. The piece of fabric I found for the bottom between the lighthouse and the sailboat and whale is a wonderful piece with blue and dragonflies and blades of grass. I thought it fit in there perfectly. I have had the top finished for a long time but it took about 2 years of looking to find a fabric for the border. It looks quite dark and plain in this picture but the border fabric is a burgundy with small blue stars and yellow moons.
My mariners compass is about 60 inches square and I am almost finished hand quilting it, but I have stopped working on it while I work hard to finish the big sampler quilt for the Quilt show in September. The Mariners Compass has a spot on the backside of a brick fireplace - that faces into the dining room just waiting for it - hopefully I can finish it in 2006.

domain: artistic


text:
5 reasons to consider becoming a homeowner in 2011:
- Mortgage rates will remain low. Even with interest rates slowly rising, rates are still well below the 7% mark hit just 4 short years ago in 2007.
- A homeowner can deduct points used to obtain a mortgage when buying a home, mortgage interest paid during the year, and property taxes.
- It is a buyer's market and there is a great selection of homes for sale.
- LOW home prices.
- Real estate is a great investment.
- Easy access to hunt for homes available online, such as at http://www.DaytonOhioHouse.com
Blog article provided by Christina Cavins, a Nationally recognized Realtor with Irongate Inc. Realtors. Christina can be reached via email at ChristinaCavins@aol.com or by cell phone or text message at 1-937-205-4741. For Ohio real estate and homes see Ohio Real Estate.
Search homes for sale in the MLS (Multiple Listing Service) by visiting http://BuySellOH.com
Servicing the following towns and counties in Southwest OH: Beavercreek, Bellbrook, Centerville, Cincinnati, Dayton, Fairborn, Greene County, Huber Heights, Kettering, Miamisburg, Montgomery County, Oakwood, Springboro, Springfield, Warren County, Washington Township, West Carrollton, Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), Xenia, and Yellow Springs.

domain: finance


Products of concern
A product of concern is a product whose waste causes or may cause a health or environmental hazard, environmental disturbance or excessive littering of the environment and requires additional attention.
Products of concern are:
According to the principle of extended manufacturer responsibility, the manufacturer must ensure the collection of waste from the product of concern on the market and its recovery, re-use or disposal. The costs related to these activities are the responsibility of the manufacturer.
The manufacturer has the obligation to collect and forward for further processing the waste generated by products of concern that were on the market before the implementation of manufacturer responsibility (the so-called former or historical waste).
PLEASE NOTE! It is forbidden to put waste from products of concern in the mixed household waste container. They must be collected separately from other waste!
According to the Waste Act, battery manufacturers are obliged to take back used batteries free of charge through points of sale, providing the distributor with the necessary collection container. All battery sales points (shops, kiosks, etc.) must take back used batteries free of charge, regardless of whether new batteries are purchased or not.
This information must be visible at the sales point. Batteries that have become unusable are also accepted free of charge at waste treatment plants.
Importers and manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment (EES) are obliged to take back old used household appliances from households free of charge.
Small electronic devices (side length up to 25 cm) must be accepted free of charge by all stores over 400 m² that sell any electronic devices, even if no replacement is purchased.
Locations of collection points for electrical and electronic equipment:
- Tallinn’s waste treatment plants
- small electronics collection points at Lasnamäe, Mustika and Sikupilli Prisma shops (only small electronic devices are accepted!).
- As part of a campaign organised by the Estonian Electrical and Electronic Equipments Ringlus MTÜ (EES-Ringlus), small household appliances, batteries and lightbulbs can also be handed over at collection boxes located in larger store chains (Prisma, K-Rauta, Bauhof, Euronics, eLux, Kodumasinad, Maksimarket, Expert). More information can be found at: http://eesklursing.ee/kummitab/
PLEASE NOTE! Electronic devices to be returned must be complete (all important parts still present, incl. compressors, drums, etc. Power cords, buttons, remote controls, etc. are not essential parts). Incomplete electronic waste is only accepted for a fee.
The collection of household appliances in Estonia is organised by Estonian Electrical and Electronic Equipment Ringlus MTÜ (phone +372 648 4335) and MTÜ Eesti Elektroonikaromu (phone +372 633 9244).
For transporting heavy objects (refrigerator, washing machine, electric stove, etc.), you can use, for example, the paid service of the company Kolatakso: email@example.com or +372 5623 6002.
Repair an old device or buy a new electronic device second-hand:
Motor vehicles and their parts
Scrap vehicles are hazardous waste that must be handled in an environmentally friendly manner and by a waste handler with an environmental permit.
Dismantling a scrap vehicle on your own initiative or handing it over for handling to a person who does not have the corresponding permit is prohibited by law!
When accepting a scrap vehicle, the manufacturer is obliged to accept up to 4 tyres attached to the vehicle and the spare tyre accompanying the vehicle free of charge and organise their recycling.
Old tyres can be handed over to a collection point designated by the manufacturer or the producer responsibility organisation (MTÜ Rehviringlus), a waste treatment plant, or, in the case of buying a new tyre, a distributor's point of sale or a tyre company.
Waste treatment plants in Tallinn accept tyres free of charge from residents of Tallinn and other local governments.
PLEASE NOTE! Tyres from legal persons are not accepted at waste treatment plants. Legal persons can hand over used tyres to Utilisaator Grupp OÜ.
Recycling truck tyres:
The following companies deal with truck tyre retreading: Balco AS, Eurovia-M OÜ, Rehvimeister AS, Urmas Rehvid OÜ, Veguma OÜ, Vevid AS.
Agricultural plastic is silage bale film, silage cover film, film tunnel, covering net and plastic rope used in agriculture or horticulture.
Additional information can be found here.


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Stasso case dismissed; Libby dam dedication; Council Selects CAP Director; Council Supports Hirst Case; Tribal complex to be in Pablo; Indian loan and insurance guarantee fund; Public Law 93-638; Forest Management Plan: Part 4 Mission Range unit.
The bitterroot: nourishing the Tribe; Kyi-Yo speakers on Indian youth; Hendrickson and Matt to go on European junket; Reservations schools meet slated; Council accepts distribution petition; Three Mission log sales; 18-year olds to vote on 18-year...
Moon of the Wandering: Solitude and Medicine; 81.3 Million Board feet to be sold Friday; Valley Unit On Auction block; BIA budget unvailed at Quarterly meet; Law and Order officers busted; Judge to name state Indian Head; Forestry: The Valley Unit...
United States--Politics and government--20th century
1964 CONGRESSIONAL REcORD- SENATE 15141
slon and the Interior Department should be
uncoordinated. This subject should have the
prompt attention of the Congress.
6. Uncertainties facing private Industry as
the present Federal 50-year...

domain: law


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The hammer most frequently seen on the benches of en-gravers, silversmiths and other artisans who use a hammer for light, ultra-precision tapping. The large, flat face enables user to watch his work and still properly strike the tool he is using. Oval shaped handle is slenderly tapered near the head for proper rebounding action. Both flat and round faces of this hammer are highly polished and smooth finished. Mfg: Friedr. Dick Gmbh SPECS: Steel head, hardwood handle. Approx. 10" (25.4cm) overall length. Face sizes: 15/16" (23.8mm), 1-1/8" (2.9cm), 1¼" (3.2cm).Check price and Read more Detail At Friedr. Dick Gmbh
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Mario Testino’s Towel Series
Towel Series No. 82
Getting someone to undress and photographed without hair and makeup is no easy feat because we all know that a camera’s lens tells no lies. That’s one of the reasons why I’m fascinated by the Towel Series that MARIO TESTINO posts on his Instagram. Diverse personalities are featured in various states of undress, wrapped in a towel, and captured beautifully by Mario’s eye.
|• Art, Fashion||• Comments Off on Mario Testino’s Towel Series|


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Programs » Healthy Housing Organizing
Healthy Housing Organizing
Rental Housing Inspection Program Victory
Enjoy this video of the dynamic stories and leadership of TU members, and please support YOUR Tenants Union by making a gift or becoming a member.
Victory! After a 5 year campaign — and almost 20 years for the TU — the City Council unanimously voted in the Rental Housing Registration & Inspection Program, a bill that will dramatically shift the power imbalance between landlords and tenants and hold the slumlords in our community accountable.
Want to learn more about what the law means to you as a Seattle tenant? Follow this link to read how it will effect your tenancy.
See news coverage here:
- KOMO News: New law takes aim at Seattle slumlords
- Seattle Times: Seattle City Council OKs registration, inspection of rentals
- Slog: City Council Passes New Rules for Landlords
Thank you to all tenants who wrote letters and testified in favor of this important legislation, and to all advocates who fought for this bill! This is a tremendous victory for tenants.
Tenants speak out to win safe housing and landlord accountability in Seattle
The Tenants Union is working to win healthy homes for renters and basic licensing requirements for landlords in Seattle. Councilmember Nick Licata is taking a stand for renters with a proposal for proactive inspections that ensure all units in the City are up to basic health and safety standards. Licata listened closely to Tenants Union members and organizers while crafting the proposal. TU tenant leaders Flora Ybarra, Corey Snelson, Melissa Harry and many others courageously brought their experiences directly to City Council members and the media to win protections for all Seattle renters.
- KING 5 News: Seattle considering random inspections for rental properties
- KOMO News Story: Proposed plan aims to strengthen renters’ protection in Seattle
- Publicola Article: Licata Proposes Universal Rental-Housing Inspection
- The Stranger Article: High Costs of Low Rent: Group Tries to Hold Slumlords Accountable
- Councilmember Nick Licata’s Blog Urban Politics: Milestones
Seattle Healthy Housing Ordinance at Risk
Advocacy needed to make the Rental Housing Inspection Program strong, effective protection for tenants
Everyone has the right to live in a decent, affordable home. However, making that right a reality for Seattle tenants is being challenged by landlord lobbyists. In June 2010 the City Council passed a model Rental Housing Inspection Ordinance (RHIP) that would license all rental property owners in the city limits. Much like the food or medical industry, a property owner would have to demonstrate every three years the home they want to rent out meets basic health and safety requirements in order to receive a license to rent in the city. The law would be enforced by the Department of Planning and Development (DPD), which conducts building inspections for code violations.
Prior to the law going into effect, the city convened a stakeholder group to provide input on how the DPD should implement the policy. The group was comprised of community members, the Tenants Union, single family unit landlords, multifamily property owners, students, building inspectors, the health department, and legal aid groups The group had ongoing meetings and negotiations for six months and provided the DPD with direction on how to create an inspection and licensing program that was both efficient and effective. Based on this input the DPD was to craft a proposal to present to the City Council to vote on.
However, on November 30th, 2011 the DPD surprised most stakeholders by crafting a proposal that divorced the requirement for landlords to show their rental homes are safe and healthy from the issuance of a license. In its place, the DPD proposed requiring “drive-by” inspections of the exterior of buildings, which would miss the most egregious cases of substandard housing such as a faulty electrical boxes, structurally unsounds walls or floors, broken plumbing, vermin infestations, and the many other issues that the Tenants Union hears from thousands of renters every year.
Cities all across the country are enactingproactive rental housing inspection programs and all have had great success at eliminating substandard housing in their communities, and Seattle should be no different. The Tenants Union testified this December in favor of a proactive inspection program for the City of Mountlake Terrace, which successfully passed such an ordinance. Seattle tenants have a brief window of opportunity to demand the same kind of protections to ensure that all rental housing in the city is safe and healthy.

domain: sociology


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Freshly cooked meals are available from the school kitchen. They cost £2.05 per meal. Fresh drinking water is provided in the lunch hall for all children to access. Pupils are provided with a choice of healthy balanced meals every day, including vegetarian options. Pupils who prefer to bring a packed lunch may do so, but we ask parents to encourage their children to bring a healthy selection of foods. Pupils are rewarded for making healthy choices for their school lunch.
Snacks : Most adults and children enjoy a snack as part of their break times. All pupils in Nursery, Reception and KS1 receive a piece of fresh fruit, free of charge, at break time. Older pupils may bring in snacks from home but we would ask that snacks remain healthy and parents/ carers avoid items such as crisps and chocolate which contain high levels of sugar and fat.
We also offer a daily ‘healthy tuck shop’ to pupils in KS1 and KS2 selling hot toast. Cost for this is £1.00 per week.
Filtered water : All of our classrooms are now adapted to give pupils a constant supply of filtered water. All pupils are provided with a ‘water bottle’; should they lose it, the replacement cost is £1.00.
Exercise : We try to provide a wide range of physical activities for our children either as part of the curriculum or as extra-curricular activities.
All pupils in Reception, Year 1 and Year 2 are now entitled to a free school meal each day as part of the Government’s ‘Universal Infant Free School Meals’ offer.


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|Reviews for Normal Day At Rite Aid|
| blackdawn112 chapter 2 . 5/10/2010
| arrowheadhunter chapter 2 . 7/9/2009
very good. hilariously ooc. cant wait for the rest!
| i-am-psychic-998 chapter 2 . 11/15/2008
ha! this is HILARIOUS. (a little random) but awesome
| AceCade chapter 2 . 5/16/2008
so funny and OOC and random lol
can't wait for Jimena and Collin :D
| AceCade chapter 1 . 5/16/2008
lol. that last line was hysterical!
| merrisa stevens chapter 2 . 5/2/2008
write more. it's hilarious!
| starbucks-addiction chapter 1 . 1/8/2008
OMGSH! this is SO FUNNY! please update! i wanna see what happens with CATTY! LOL! vanessaXmichael... priceless..priceless...
| prettykittydarling chapter 2 . 7/18/2007
hahahahah! that was great! i can't wait for the next ones!
| tethe'alla chapter 2 . 5/14/2007
THIS IS AMAZING I TELL YOU AMAZING! keep on keepin on!
| ashehole chapter 2 . 4/18/2007
This only makes me love Vanessa more, when she's in her "Dominatrix" character. And loving Vanessa can sometimes be hard.
| Kiku-chan214 chapter 2 . 4/17/2007
It like a car crash! I just cant look away!
To tell you the truth: The first chapter was reasonable. This chapter was simply ridiculous. I dont see Vanessa acting so phycotic...but then agian, its hilarious!
| RealityIsTrippin chapter 2 . 4/17/2007
Hopefully, the pharmicist gets paid enough to tolerate this crap that happens in Rite-Aid... Poor, poor lady...
But, LOL! Vanessa being the "man" in the relationship... Man, that cracked me up! Update please!
| ashehole chapter 1 . 4/16/2007
I feel bad for that pharmacist. Man.
| tethe'alla chapter 1 . 4/15/2007
OH SNAP! serenas going to be tied to a surfboard and left in the middle of the ocean with her unborn child.
my favorite part had to be "It was like an intense Soap Opera…Only without the intensity." lol thats amazing.
MOST IMPORTANTLY: THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR ONE (woman/girl) ATTEMPT AT REVIVING THE DOTM SECTION!
| nasta dude nl6 chapter 1 . 4/14/2007
this is great so far it has realy good deacription and how do you post a story i got 1 wrote but i don't know how to post it on fan fic can you wrte me back and tell me how plz

domain: literature


Merit: 1 & 2 London Wall Place
Structural engineer: WSP UK Ltd
Steelwork contractor: William Hare
Main contractor: Multiplex Construction Europe
Client: London Wall Place Limited PartnershipSteelwork lies at the heart of the London Wall Place development. It was decided early in the design process that the optimum superstructure solution for both buildings would be steel frames with concrete floors and concrete cores.
Sharing a two-storey basement, the buildings rise to 12 storeys (1 London Wall Place is 55m tall) and 16 storeys (2 London Wall Place is 75m tall) respectively, with their steel superstructures laterally stabilised by a series of reinforced concrete shear walls that form the main lift and stair cores.
“The scheme’s main challenge was to provide a solution for the buildings that could maximise the built floor area, while responding to the many constraints imposed by existing site conditions, planning views and rights of light,” says WSP Director Stephen Jackson.
“This resulted in a structural form with heroically long cantilevers, long span transfer structures and complex geometry to create the building set-backs at the upper levels. This could not have been achieved without the use of steel.”
The largest transfer structure within 1 London Wall Place is 2m-deep and weighs 72t.
At 2 London Wall Place (south elevation) a 5m-deep mega-truss at level two enables all 15 floors above it to cantilever by an impressive 35m, as well as 16m along the east elevation. The weight of the mega-truss is almost the same as the weight of the 15 floors above.
The judges say the use of steel has been instrumental in enabling the two buildings to cantilever out over the existing road. A 5m deep mega-truss at level 2, with enormous steel members passing through it, offers the opportunity for a highly unusual new dining space.


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Telltale's upcoming episodic game series based on Game of Thrones will have 13 major characters — the likes of which are currently scattered across the internet — that readers can learn more about. Polygon exclusively revealed Mira Forrester today.
As for the rest of the cast for Game of Thrones: A Telltale Games Series, you can learn more about them below. We're still scooping up characters and will continue to update as we go.
- Lord Gregor Forrester, Lord of Ironrath
- Lady Elissa Forrester, Lord Forrester's wife
- Ethan Forrester, Lord Forrester's third-born son
- Talia Forrester, Lord Forrester's youngest daughter
- Rodrik Forrester, Lord Forrester's first-born son
- Ser Royland Degore, Ironrath's Master-at-Arms
- Asher Forrester, exiled son of Lord Forrester
- Ryon Forrester, Lord Forrester's fourth-born son
- Maester Ortengryn, maester to House Forrester
- Gared Tuttle, squire to Lord Forrester
- Duncan Tuttle, castellan of Ironrath
- Malcolm Branfield, Lady Forrester's brother


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The custody order in your divorce may not make sense forever. While your parenting plan or custody arrangement may work at the start, you may find it is inconvenient or even harmful for your kids. If this is the case in your situation, you may want to make changes to the existing order.
In order to modify a custody or visitation agreement, you must show there is a significant change in circumstances. Here is a basic overview of custody modifications in Washington state.


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Article Keyword Videos to Watch
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Certified Legal Nurse Consultant Turns Thousands of Pages of Records Into "A Picture Worth a 1,000 Words"
When an attorney takes on a medical-related lawsuit, the attorney is confronted with enormous volumes of medical records crammed with esoteric terminology, inexplicable shorthand and indecipherable handwriting. Yet his client's (plaintiff or defense) future depends on the attorney understanding those records and using them to support the case effectively. That's why Certified Legal Nurse Consultant services are the healthiest thing that will ever happen to an attorney's practice.
Total confidence in the services and support provided by a Certified Legal Nurse Consultant is especially important when taking on a formidable opponent, such as a major international corporation. Bob Young, an attorney with English, Lucas, Priest and Owsley, a major personal injury firm in south central Kentucky, faced this challenge when he accepted the case of Heather Norman.*
In 2001, the 12-year-old was severely burned in a motor vehicle accident that killed her mother and brother. "The truck's side-saddle gasoline tanks exploded upon impact," Young says, "leaving Heather with second and third degree burns over 25% of her body, including her back, chest, arms, hands and face. She had three surgeries to receive skin grafts and underwent numerous other medical procedures. She spent three weeks in the hospital, plus more than a month as an out patient receiving daily wound care and occupational therapy." Young filed a products liability suit against the truck manufacturer on Heather's behalf.
Medical cases like this can generate thousands of pages of records. "If I try to sift through the records and put together a summary," says Young, "it might or might not be accurate. I'm not trained in the medical field. It makes sense to have someone with medical training go through the records and decipher the important information."
Young uses the services of Gina Rogers, RN, CLNC for cases like Heather's. "My assignment," says Rogers, "was to document this child's pain and suffering. In addition to summarizing the records, I decided 'a picture is worth a thousand words.' I created a detailed graph of her body indicating all the burns and skin grafts. My completed graph showed that there was hardly an undamaged place on her body."
"Two major factors in this case," says Young, "were the enormous pain and suffering Heather had to deal with and the problems she would face in the future. Gina set forth all the pain medications my client received during the three weeks she was in the hospital. Gina also prepared a detailed list of Heather's potential future health problems."
Instead of sending the defendant thousands of pages of medical records, Young sent them Gina's report, including the dramatic graph of the plaintiff's injuries. "Gina's work was a significant part of the settlement brochure," he says. The case settled for an undisclosed amount.
Consulting an Independent Certified Legal Nurse Consultant Is Like Having a Nurse on Staff Without the Full-time Expense – For the last three years Young has used Rogers' services on almost every medical-related case. "It's like having a nurse on staff without the full-time expense," he says. "The most important thing Gina does is help me screen each case to see if it's worth taking. In every medical malpractice case you have to retain a medical doctor to testify to the standards of care. After Gina reviews the case, we discuss whether to retain a very expensive MD. Often we decide not to take that next step. If we do take the case, Gina has a network of doctors so she helps me find the expert, too."
*Name has been changed.
About the Author: Vickie L. Milazzo, RN, MSN, JD is the founder and president of Vickie Milazzo Institute, a legal nurse consultant training and certification company.

domain: medical


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A project to help increase safe and efficient trade of agriculture in East Africa through enhanced sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) systems is making good progress, CABI can report.
The EAC is one of the fastest-growing regional economies – with agricultural playing a major part. However, the trade of agriculture between EAC partner states is hindered by issues around unharmonized sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards.
The SPS capacity assessment sought to determine investment opportunities and recommend other interventions that can be supported under the five-year USDA-supported Trade of Agriculture Safely and Efficiently in East Africa (TRASE) project.
TRASE is implemented by Land O’Lakes Venture 37 (V37) and has a specific focus on enlisted quarantine pests and diseases posing emerging threats.
CABI worked in partnership with law firm KO and Associates (KOA) to conduct a comprehensive SPS legal and technical assessment of five target East African Community countries (EAC) and collated results into two consolidated reports.
The aim was to help create more robust SPS systems – thereby strengthening the productivity and profitability of crops, resulting in greater food security, but also greater access to regional and international high-value markets.
The findings on Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda can be found in ‘Assessment of SPS Legal/Regulatory Framework in the EAC Partner States’ and ‘Assessment of SPS Systems in the EAC Partner States.’
To enhance compliance to regulatory and market requirements, TRASE project has invested in building capacity in both Animal Health, Plant Health and Food Safety Systems including support laboratory services.
In Plant Health, the TRASE project has supported CABI to develop a technical guide for Huanglongbing bacteria Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening disease) and a pest alert for EAC Partner States.
In addition, training on the development of the public-private partnerships (PPP) framework and a national plan for surveillance, notification, and emergency response was held with authorities, research, and commodity trade associations from partner states. The PPP framework and national plan were then later developed.
Recently, under TRASE, CABI has trained Plant Health Inspectors from NPPOs and the private sector horticultural apex associations. A virtual training workshops on the practical implementation of various International Plant Protection Convention and International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures to enhance regulatory compliance.
The training was delivered online using USDA SPS course on Plant Health and face-to-face training. The topics included WTO SPS Agreement, selected International Phytosanitary Measures on Inspections, Integrated measures for pest risk management, PPP frameworks to enhance application of phytosanitary measures and increase compliance and trade.
It also included the development of Standard Operation Procedures on sampling, inspections and certification for priority agricultural commodities.
Dr MaryLucy Oronje, SPS Scientist at CABI’s regional centre for Africa in Nairobi, Kenya, said, “The current interventions by TRASE project through the capacity building and development of SOPs will enhance technical capacity of both public and private sector players on inspection procedures, and compliance to Phytosanitary regulations.
“Assessment conducted so far, as well as the training workshops, is seeing the project make good progress on increasing the capacity for surveillance, notifications and emergency response to crop pests and diseases in the focus countries.”
Main image: Delegates gathered at a recent workshop held as part of the work to help East Africa enhance trade in agricultural commodities through compliance to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards (Credit: Land O’Lakes Venture 37).
Find out more about how CABI is helping to increase safe and efficient trade of agriculture in East Africa from the dedicated project page.

domain: agronomy


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This section features the topics, cases, and descriptions of each class session, along with materials relevant to the case-based discussions.
|1||Course Overview: E-Business Strategies |
Issues in Real Estate, Design, Construction (PDF)
|None||This session introduces the fundamental business structure of the construction industry, considers the major strategic issues facing firms, and introduces several present barriers to industry structural change. Also discussed will be the general thrust of the course and match with students’ interests.|
|2||Industry Value System; Strategy Review |
How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage
|George B. H. Macomber Co. |
"George B. H. Macomber Company: 1990." Harvard Business School Note 9-191-120.
The objective of this class session is to refresh students on the major elements of the value system in real estate and construction, and to refresh students on the key elements in the analysis of competitive strategy. In particular, these elements can be applied to the ways in which information technology helps firms compete.
The case is more than a decade old, but most of the issues are relevant today. The case is a good starting point for illustrating these concepts.
The balance of the coursework expects that all analyses of technologies and business models refer to back to a) the real world circumstances of the real estate and construction value system, and b) the basic strategy tools that help determines whether ideas and firms succeed or fail in the marketplace.
|3||3D Modeling; Scaling Up a CAD Solution||The Beck Group: DESTINI||There are many ways to create value in the AEC Value System. There are also many ways to accept risk, or to shed it. There is theoretical benefit to collaboration, but it's not clear who drives collaboration or who receives the most benefit. This case covers a response by an at-risk real estate and construction firm seeking to be on the leading edge of technology adoption. What are the issues?|
|4||Supply Chain Management and Optimization |
Disruptive Business Models (PDF)
World Co., Ltd.
"Supply Chain Management at World Co., Ltd." Harvard Business School Note 9-601-072.
The case is based on retail garment sales in Japan, with one of the leading clothing manufacturers in the world. Many of the issues don’t apply to construction at all. However, some of the coordination and optimization ideas could apply quite well – if one could imagine an entity with a role like that of World Co.
"Competing on Capabilities" generalizes some of the learning, and shows how it was in place a decade ago to help propel Wal-Mart to the top of the retail world.
Supply chain optimization has immense potential to help drive efficiencies, margins, and competitive advantage in real estate and construction. What kinds of business entities and what kinds of strategies would be necessary to make use of these kinds of tools?
|5||Knowing a Winning Business Idea When You See One |
Writing a Business Plan
|Collaborative Structures (PDF)|| |
Although this case also involves the instructor John Macomber, it represents a good opportunity to a) understand the evolution of strategic thinking in the decade since the George B. H. Macomber Company case, b) consider the concepts in the reading to evaluate whether or not this is a good idea from a market point of view; and c) look at a professionally prepared business plan for an ongoing business that was seeking tens of millions of dollars.
In the second portion of the Collaborative Structures discussion, we will transition from the basic strategic and business idea and into how the opportunity was communicated. The learning intent is to give students the tools and vocabulary to cover many of the tactical business planning issues that go with executing on a great strategic idea or on a great technology.
|6||Aligning Incentives - Part One |
Aligning Incentives for Supply Chain Efficiency
|Blockbuster Video (Turning the Supply Chain into a Revenue Chain)|| |
Many technologies exist that purport to make things more efficient, or to help people to share information. But what if the various businesses in the value system don't want to share information because it's not in their best interest to do so under the current contract structure? This is a source of much resistance in the real estate, design, and construction industries.
Are there ways in which the players can be incented to work in the same direction, to increase profitability for all? This is the model explored in the reading. If such a contract or incentive structure is invented, presumably this will open the floodgates to adoption of technologies that reward sharing and efficiency.
|7||Aligning Incentives - Part Two |
Using Game Theory to Shape Strategy
|Regency Plaza|| |
This case is adapted from a real construction project in Boston. Note that the structure of the customization of the dozens of condominiums amounts to a repeat-play game in classical game theory, as most of the participants are repeated each time. Note that the current structure does not seem to find an equilibrium with optimum value created for the system - and in fact costs money to almost everyone.
The objective of this class is to use a real life real estate and construction example to illustrate ways in which game can be proposed which helps everyone to act as if their interests are aligned.
|8||Alliances and Franchising Knowledge Management||Colliers and the Technology Solution|| |
The Real Estate, Construction, and Design industries are very fragmented, and for many reasons they are likely to remain so. Scarce resources that inhibit economies of scale include capital requirements, project management requirements, and new work acquisition requirements.
It's possible that new technologies, or the expansion of knowledge gleaned from old technologies, may respond better to a franchise or alliance model than to a large company model or to an every-man-for-himself model.
The Colliers case explores some of the benefits and drawbacks of a franchising / alliance model. While the core technology, Lotus Notes, has progressed substantially in the ensuing years and is no longer directly relevant, the concepts of how to use the power and the independence of the members still very much apply.
In the Andersen Consulting case, the issue in more depth: how to manage this knowledge. Remembering what has been learned by a firm or by a group of people should be a source of competitive advantage. Many of the technologies discussed to date in the course, as well as the vast amounts of data that are captured in their use, should in concept be aggregated and used to provide advantage. In industries like system integration (Andersen's forte), this clearly is true. Will it be true in real estate and construction?
If so, what are the key elements in a successful knowledge management strategy?
Andersen Consulting was not included in the demise of Arthur Andersen & Co., having already been spun off as Accenture.
|9||Procurement and Exchanges |
Emerging E-Business Models
Exploiting the Virtual Value Chain
Consideration for Companies and Careers (PDF)
|Freemarkets.com||Early e-commerce efforts paid great attention to procurement, auctions, exchanges, and many other business models. Most successes to date have been with existing companies like Grainger or Fidelity. Notable new successes include eBay, the world's online marketplace. What are some of the other avenues along this line of reasoning?|

domain: economics


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|Also listed as: Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, Mixed cryoglobulinemia||Integrative Therapy Quick Links:|
- Acrocyanosis, chronic hepatitis C, chronic liver disease, chronic vasculitis, cryoprecipitation, cryoproteinemia, essential cryoglobulinemia, hepatitis C virus, HCV, hyperviscosity, idiopathic cryoglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, IgE, IgM, immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, livedo reticularis, protein, purpura, Raynaud phenomenon, Raynaud's phenomenon, retinal hemorrhage, secondary cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, simple cryoglobulinemia, SLE, stroke, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombosis, type I cryoglobulinemia, type II cryoglobulinemia, vasculitis, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
- Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition that is caused by abnormal immunoglobulins (blood proteins), called cryoglobulins. Cryoglobulin literally means "cold antibody in the blood." Cryoglobulins are either single or mixed immunoglobulins that clump together at temperatures lower than 37 degrees Celsius. This process is reversed when they are warmed.
- Cryoglobulins are often associated with diseases such as, hepatitis, multiple myeloma (type of bone marrow disease), dermatomyositis and lymphoma.
- Since cryoglobulinemia makes the blood thicker, symptoms can arise throughout the body. Cryoglobulinemia primarily causes blood clots, stroke and vasculitis (inflamed blood vessels). Vasculitis of the arteries can result in blocked arteries, which often leads to damage in the organs that receive blood from the affected blood vessels (like the skin or kidneys).
- The prognosis of cryoglobulinemic patients depends on the presence or absence of underlying diseases. Lymphoproliferative disorders, hepatitis B or C and connective tissue diseases are often associated with cryoglobulinemia, and these diseases increase the risk of complications (like kidney damage) or fatality. Death is usually the result of a serious heart disease, infection or brain hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain).
- Treatment depends on the type of cryoglobulin, presence of an underlying disease and severity of symptoms. Cryoglobulinemia is generally treated with a combination of medications that reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Patients are encouraged to avoid cold temperatures, which trigger symptoms.
- This information has been edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).
- Candela M, Cherubini G, Chelli F, et al. Fish-oil fatty acid supplementation in mixed cryoglobulinemia: a preliminary report.
- Cryoglobulinemia.net. Cryoglobulinemia. .
- Jack Miller Center for Peripheral Neuropathy. Cryoglobulinemia. .
- Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. .
- Roane D; Griger D. An Approach to Diagnosis and Initial Management of Systemic Vasculitis. American Academy of Family Physicians. 1999. .
- The Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Website. Types of Vasculitis. .
- The cause of cryoglobulinemia is unknown. However, it is considered to be an autoimmune disorder. This disorder appears to be triggered by cold temperatures.
- Cryoglobulinemia has been associated with many different diseases. Type I cryoglobulinemia is observed in lymphoproliferative disorders (like multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia).
Types II and III cryoglobulinemias are commonly associated with chronic inflammatory diseases like chronic liver disease, infections (chronic hepatitis C virus) and coexistent connective-tissue diseases (like SLE, Sjögren syndrome). Mixed cryoglobulinemia is rarely associated with lymphoproliferative disorders.
- The prognosis of cryoglobulinemia depends on the presence or absence of underlying diseases. Kidney damage resulting from vasculitis can be serious, and recent reports show that permanent kidney failure occurs in about 10% of patients. Death may result from serious heart disease, infection or brain hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain).
- Cryoglobulinemia primarily causes blood clots, stroke and vasculitis (inflamed blood vessels). Vasculitis of arteries can result in blocked arteries, which often leads to damage in the organs that receive blood from the affected blood vessels (like the skin or kidneys).
- Since cryoglobulinemia makes the blood thicker, symptoms can arise throughout the body. Common symptoms include weakness, arthralgia (joint pain) purpura (bleeding under the skin that causes purple/red spots), Raynaud's phenomenon, fever, weight loss, hypertension (high blood pressure), numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, skin ulcers, gangrene and abdominal pain.
- Mixed cryoglobulinemia involves more than one type of cryoglobulin. It is characterized by arthritis, splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), skin vasculitis, purpura (bleeding under the skin), as well as nerve and kidney disease. This can lead to recurrent pain in the abdomen, heart attack and bleeding in the lungs. Weight loss and decreased appetite may also occur. Mixed cryoglobulinemia is often associated with Hepatitis C virus.
- After checking the patient's history and performing a physical exam, a blood or urine test may be conducted if cryoglobulinemia is suspected. During these procedures a sample of either blood or urine is analyzed under a microscope to detect the presence of abnormal immunoglobulins.
- A blood test may be conducted to determine whether cold sensitivity antibodies are present. During the procedure a sample of blood that is between 15-20mL is taken. The serum (the liquid portion of the blood, where cryoglobulins are found) is then removed and placed in a cooler that is 1 degree Celsius for one to seven days. If clumping occurs, cryoglobulins are present. The amount of cryoglobulins is determined by the amount of clumping that occurs.
- A skin biopsy may also be performed. During the procedure a small amount of skin is removed and analyzed in a laboratory to determine whether cryoglobulin deposits are present.
- General: Treatment depends on the type of cryoglobulin, presence of an underlying disease and severity of symptoms. Cryoglobulinemia is generally treated with a combination of medications that reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
- Antiviral therapy: If cryoglobulinemia is associated with Hepatitis C virus, the patient will be treated with antiviral medications like ribavirin (Virazole®).
- Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids like prednisone have been used to treat inflamed blood vessels associated with the various types of cryoglobulinemia.
- Interferons: Some evidence suggests that interferon-alpha may help treat patients who have hepatitis C virus, especially if the disease is mild. Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys®) has been used in combination with ribavirin to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C and have not received interferon-alpha before.
- Immunosupressants: Immunosupressants like cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan® or Neosar®) or azathioprine (Imuran®) have been used to treat the various types of cryoglobulinemia.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Motrin® or Advil®) have been used to reduce inflammation in the blood vessels associated with the various types of cryoglobulinemia.
- Plasmapheresis: Plasmapheresis has been used relieve symptoms associated with the various types of cryoglobulinemia. During the procedure, whole blood is removed from the body, and the plasma (which contains antibodies) is separated from the cells. The cells are then suspended in saline, a plasma substitute or donated plasma. The reconstituted solution is then returned to the patient.
- Note: Currently, there is insufficient evidence on the use of integrative therapies for cryoglobulinemia.
The integrative therapies listed below have been investigated for use in autoimmune disorders, immune suppression, hepatitis, and viral infections in general, should be used only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare provider, and should not be used in replacement of other proven therapies or preventive measures.
- Unclear or conflicting scientific evidence:
- Alizarin: Limited available evidence suggests that alizarin may be of benefit in the treatment of viral infections. Additional research is needed in this area.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to alizarin or any plants in the Rubiaceae family. Alizarin may be toxic and should not be handled for long periods of time, rubbed in the eyes, or eaten. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Ayurveda: Ayurveda is an integrated system of specific theories and techniques employing diet, herbs, exercise, meditation, yoga and massage or bodywork. Clinical evidence suggests that the traditional herbal preparation Kamalahar may reduce clinical signs as well as indicators of liver damage in acute viral hepatitis. Kamalahar contains Tecoma undulate, Phyllanthus urinaria, Embelia ribes, Taraxacum officinale, Nyctanthes arbortistis, and Terminalia arjuna.
The root powder from the herb Picrorhiza kurroa has also been shown to improve levels of bilirubin, SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in viral hepatitis. Further research is needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
- Ayurvedic herbs should be used cautiously because they are potent and some constituents can be potentially toxic if taken in large amounts or for a long time. Some herbs imported from India have been reported to contain high levels of toxic metals. Ayurvedic herbs can interact with other herbs, foods and drugs. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before taking.
- Beta-sitosterol: Beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol glucoside have been studied for immune suppression. Larger populations of patients should be evaluated in high quality clinical studies for conclusions to be made.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside or pine. Use cautiously with asthma or breathing disorders, diabetes, primary biliary cirrhosis (destruction of the small bile duct in the liver), ileostomy, neurodegenerative disorders (like Parkinsonism or Alzheimer's disease), diverticular disease (bulging of the colon), short bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and sitosterolemia. Use cautiously with a history of gallstones. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Biotin: Biotin is an essential water-soluble B vitamin. Antioxidant therapy with biotin, vitamins A-E, selenium, zinc, manganese, copper, magnesium, folic acid, and coenzyme Q10 was not shown to improve survival rates for hepatitis. More research with biotin alone is needed. Avoid if hypersensitive to constituents of biotin supplements.
- Blessed thistle: Human research of blessed thistle as a treatment for viral infections is currently lacking. Further evidence is necessary in this area before a firm conclusion can be drawn.
- Blessed thistle is generally considered to be safe when taken by mouth in recommended doses for short periods of time, with few reported side effects such as birth defects, bleeding, breathing problems, bruising, cancer of the nose or throat, increased production of stomach acid, itching, kidney disease, liver toxicity, skin rash, stomach discomfort, stomach ulcers, and vomiting. Allergic reactions to blessed thistle including rash may occur, as well as cross-sensitivity to mugwort and Echinacea. Cross-reactivity may also occur with bitter weed, blanket flower, Chrysanthemum, coltsfoot, daisy, dandelion, dwarf sunflower, goldenrod, marigold, prairie sage, ragweed or other plants in the Asteraceae/Compositae family. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Bupleurum: For more than 2,000 years bupleurum has been used in Asia to treat hepatitis, cirrhosis and other conditions associated with inflammation. A high-quality clinical trial and several small recent clinical reports suggest that bupleurum and/or an herbal combination formula containing bupleurum may be helpful in the treatment of chronic hepatitis. However, studies to date are small and not all well controlled. Further research is warranted to determine whether bupleurum can effectively treat hepatitis.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to bupleurum, Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (carrot) families, snakeroot, cow parsnip, or poison hemlock. Use cautiously if operating motor vehicles or hazardous machinery. Use cautiously with low blood pressure, diabetes, or edema. Use cautiously with a history of bleeding, hemostatic disorders, or drug-related hemostatic disorders. Use cautiously if taking blood thinners. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Choline: Studies have assessed the use of choline for acute viral hepatitis, many of which have been poorly designed. There is currently insufficient evidence available to determine whether choline can effectively treat hepatitis.
- Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to choline, lecithin, or phosphatidylcholine. Use cautiously with kidney or liver disorders or trimethylaminuria. Use cautiously with a history of depression. If pregnant or breastfeeding it seems generally safe to consume choline within the recommended adequate intake (AI) parameters; supplementation outside of dietary intake is usually not necessary if a healthy diet is consumed.
- Chromium: Chromium, in combination with copper, may have potential suppressive effects on immune function. Further research is needed to better understand the role of chromium in immune suppression.
- Trivalent chromium appears to be safe because side effects are rare or uncommon. However, hexavalent chromium may be poisonous (toxic). Avoid if allergic to chromium, chromate, or leather. Use cautiously with diabetes, liver problems, weakened immune systems (such as HIV/AIDS patients or organ transplant recipients), depression, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, and stroke and in patients who are taking medications for these conditions. Use cautiously if driving or operating machinery. Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Cordyceps: Studies using combination herbal treatments that included cordyceps indicate that these combinations suppressed the immune system in kidney transplant and lupus nephritis patients. However, as these treatments used combination products, the effect of cordyceps cannot be defined. More studies are needed to better determine the safety and effectiveness of cordyceps for immune suppression.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to cordyceps, mold, or fungi. Use cautiously with diabetes, bleeding disorders, if taking anticoagulant medications, with prostate conditions, if taking immunosuppressive medications, or if on hormonal replacement therapy or oral contraceptives. Avoid with myelogenous-type cancers. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Cranberry: Limited laboratory research has examined the antiviral activity of cranberry. Further research is warranted in this area.
- Avoid if allergic to cranberries, blueberries, or other plants of the Vaccinium species. Sweetened cranberry juice may affect blood sugar levels. Use cautiously with a history of kidney stones. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid cranberry in higher amounts than what is typically found in foods.
- Licorice: The licorice extracts DGL and carbenoxolone have been proposed as possible therapies for viral hepatitis. Further research is needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
- Avoid with a known allergy to licorice, any component of licorice, or any member of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) plant family. Avoid with congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, kidney or liver disease, fluid retention, high blood pressure, hormonal abnormalities or if taking diuretics. Licorice can cause abnormally low testosterone levels in men or high prolactin or estrogen levels in women. This may make it difficult to become pregnant and may cause menstrual abnormalities.
- Milk thistle: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been used medicinally for over 2,000 years, most commonly for the treatment of liver and gallbladder disorders. Research on milk thistle for acute viral hepatitis has not provided clear results, and milk thistle cannot be recommended for this potentially life-threatening condition at this time.
- Caution is advised when taking milk thistle supplements, as numerous adverse effects including an increased risk of bleeding and drug interactions are possible. Milk thistle should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless otherwise directed by a doctor.
- Mistletoe: In preliminary research, some patients achieved complete elimination of the hepatitis virus after treatment with Viscum album, although these studies were not well designed. A small exploratory trial investigated effects of mistletoe on liver function, reduction of viral load and inflammation, and maintaining quality of life by the immunomodulatory and/or cytotoxic actions of mistletoe extracts, but little effect was seen. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to resolve this conflicting data.
- Avoid if allergic to plants in the aster family (Compositea, Asteraceae), daisies, artichoke, common thistle, or kiwi. Use cautiously with diabetes. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Rhubarb: Early studies have been conducted on rhubarb and its effects on hepatitis. Additional, high-quality clinical studies are needed to establish rhubarb's effects.
- Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to rhubarb, its constituents, or related plants from the Polygonaceae family. Avoid using rhubarb for more than two weeks because it may induce tolerance in the colon, melanosis coli, laxative dependence, pathological alterations to the colonic smooth muscles, and substantial loss of electrolytes. Avoid with atony, colitis, Crohn's disease, dehydration with electrolyte depletion, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, insufficient liver function, intestinal obstruction or ileus, irritable bowel syndrome, menstruation, pre-eclampsia, renal disorders, ulcerative colitis, and urinary problems. Avoid handling rhubarb leaves, as they may cause contact dermatitis. Avoid rhubarb in children under age 12 due to water depletion. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders, cardiac conditions, coagulation therapy, constipation, history of kidney stones, or thin or brittle bones. Use cautiously if taking anti-psychotic drugs or oral drugs, herbs or supplements (including calcium, iron, and zinc). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Sorrel: There is currently not enough evidence on the proposed antiviral effects of sorrel. More research is needed.
- Avoid large doses of sorrel because there have been reports of toxicity and death. This may be because of the oxalate found in sorrel. Many sorrel tinctures contain high levels of alcohol and should be avoided when driving or operating heavy machinery. These sorrel formulations may cause nausea or vomiting when taken with the prescription drugs metronidazole (Flagyl®) or disulfiram (Antabuse®). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Turmeric: Turmeric is a perennial plant native to India and Indonesia, and it is often used as a spice in cooking. Based on early research, turmeric may help treat various viral infections. However, reliable human studies are lacking in this area.
Well-designed trials are needed.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to turmeric (curcumin), yellow food colorings, or plants belonging to the Curcuma or Zingiberaceae (ginger) families. Use cautiously with a history of bleeding disorders, immune system deficiencies, liver disease, or gallstones. Use cautiously with blood thinners (e.g. warfarin). Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Vitamin E: In patients with hepatitis on antiviral therapy, vitamin E has been proposed to prevent inflammation. More studies are needed. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to vitamin E. Avoid with retinitis pigmentosa (loss of peripheral vision). Use cautiously with bleeding disorders or if taking blood thinners. Avoid above the recommended daily level in pregnant and breastfeeding women.
- Zinc: Studies have shown that zinc, in combination with interferon or interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C viral infection, did not show significant benefits except for lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. Further study may be warranted.
- Zinc is generally considered safe when taken at the recommended dosages. Avoid zinc chloride since studies have not been done on its safety or effectiveness. While zinc appears safe during pregnancy in amounts lower than the established upper intake level, caution should be used since studies cannot rule out the possibility of harm to the fetus.
- Fair negative scientific evidence:
- Spirulina: Despite findings indicating potential hepatoprotective properties of spirulina, preliminary human study of spirulina for chronic viral hepatitis shows negative results. Additional high quality study is needed to confirm these findings.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to spirulina or blue-green algae. Use cautiously with phenylketonuria (a genetic disorder of a liver enzyme that disrupts normal body functions), autoimmune diseases, bleeding disorders, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Use cautiously with products containing the blue-green algae species Anabaena spp., Aphanizomenon spp., and Microcystis spp.; in underweight patients or in those taking antiobesity agents or appetite suppressants; and if consuming a high-protein diet. Avoid in children and if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Traditional or theoretical uses lacking sufficient evidence:
- Adrenal extract: Adrenal extracts come from the adrenal glands of cows, pigs, or sheep. The adrenal glands are above the kidneys. Until human studies are performed, it remains unknown if adrenal extract is beneficial for autoimmune disorders.
- Avoid if allergic to adrenal extract. Since adrenal extracts come from cow, pig, or sheep adrenal glands, there is concern about contamination with diseased animal parts. Avoid with immune deficiencies (such as HIV/AIDS) because adrenal extracts may increase the risk of infection. Avoid in countries where mad cow disease has been found. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Astaxanthin: Astaxanthin is classified as a xanthophyll, which is a carotenoid pigment that can be found in microalgae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, crayfish, crustaceans, and the feathers of some birds. Astaxanthin has been suggested as a possible treatment for autoimmune diseases, but human studies are currently lacking.
- Avoid if allergic to astaxanthin or related carotenoids, including canthaxanthin. Use cautiously if taking 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, drugs that affect blood pressure, asthma medications, drugs that are broken down by the liver's cytochrome P450 system, menopausal agents, birth control pills, or Helicobacter pylori agents. Use cautiously with high blood pressure, parathyroid disorders, or osteoporosis. Avoid with hormone-sensitive conditions, immune disorders or if taking immunosuppressive therapies. Avoid if low esosinophil levels or if visual changes have occurred while taking astaxanthin. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Coleus: The root extract of coleus is known as forskolin. Although coleus has been suggested as a possible treatment for autoimmune diseases, research is lacking in this area.
- Coleus is generally considered safe, as very few side effects have been reported. However, only a few short-term trials have assessed its safety in a small sample size of patients. Avoid if allergic to Coleus forskohlii or related species. Avoid with active bleeding. Use cautiously with a history of bleeding, blood disorders, drug-related hemostatic problems, asthma, diabetes, thyroid disorders, or heart disease. Use cautiously if taking anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic, and/or antiplatelet medications. Stop taking coleus at least two weeks before and immediately after surgical, dental, or diagnostic procedures that have bleeding risks. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Fish oil appears to play a potential role in the treatment of inflammatory disorders by inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism. Fish oil has been studied for its role in immune suppression, however research is preliminary.
Early clinical study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of fish oil on mixed cryoglobulinemia. Researchers noted some improvement in the serological parameters potentially involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Further research is necessary before a firm conclusion can be made.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to fish, omega-3 fatty acid products that come from fish, nuts, linolenic acid, or omega-3 fatty acid products that come from nuts. Avoid during active bleeding. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders, diabetes, low blood pressure, or with drugs, herbs, or supplements that treat any such conditions. Use cautiously before surgery. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not consume doses that exceed the recommended dietary allowance (RDA).
- Thymus extract: Thymus extracts for nutritional supplements are usually derived from young calves (bovine). Preclinical research suggests that thymus extract may be beneficial for patients with autoimmune disorders. Conclusions cannot be made until human studies are performed.
- Avoid if allergic to thymus extracts. Use bovine thymus extract supplements cautiously due to potential for exposure to the virus that causes "mad cow disease." Avoid use with an organ transplant or other forms of allografts or xenografts. Avoid with thymic tumors, myasthenia gravis (neuromuscular disorder), or untreated hypothyroidism. Avoid if taking immunosuppressants or hormonal therapy. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding; thymic extract increases human sperm motility and progression.
- Since the exact cause of cryoglobulinemia is remains unknown there currently is no known method of prevention. Cryoglobulinemia is associated with many diseases, especially hepatitis C. Therefore, treating conditions that are associated with cryoglobulinemia quickly may help prevent the disorder.
- Avoid cold temperatures to prevent the precipitation of cryoglobulins.
- Type I: Type I cryoglobulinemia, or simple cryoglobulinemia, is the result of a monoclonal (single) immunoglobulin, usually immunoglobulin M (IgM). This form is usually associated with lymphoproliferative diseases such as, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
- Type I cryoglobulinemia may result in hyperviscosity (extremely thick blood) due to high levels of circulating monoclonal cryoglobulin. This can lead to physical obstruction of blood vessels.
- Type IIand III: Types II and III, also known as the mixed cryoglobulinemias, involve cryoglobulin proteins which are a mixture of various antibody types that form for unknown reasons. The cryoglobulins contain rheumatoid factors (RFs). The RFs form complexes with the fragment, crystallizable portion of polyclonal (derived from multiple cells) immunoglobulin G (IgG). If the RF is monoclonal (derived from a single ancestral cell) it is considered Type II, and if the RF is polyclonal (derived from multiple cells), it is considered Type III.
- Mixed cryoglobulinemias, including essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, make up about 80% of all cryoglobulinemia cases. They are associated with chronic inflammatory conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren syndrome (autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the glands that produce tears and saliva) and viral infections (particularly Hepatitis C virus). In fact, more than 90% of cryoglobulinemic patients develop the condition as an immune response to chronic hepatitis C infection.
Copyright © 2011 Natural Standard (www.naturalstandard.com)
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.


text:
Have been busy with a lot of stuff, and getting easily distracted, such that I tend to forget things.
There’s something that I couldn’t forget.
It was when I watched the news in the morning that I remembered that yesterday was 4 June, the 28th anniversary of the Tiananmen incident/massacre, when the social and political movement turned into a tragedy that would be remembered by people for years to come.
So I read that Hong Kong, as is every year since 1989, held a candlelight session, a commemoration event that mourns the dead and calls for vindication for the victims of this incident.
Hopefully, one day, wounds could be healed, justice would be upheld, and differences would be reconciled.


text:
National T20 Cup: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa vs Northern Live Score – Match 17
National T20 Cup: Today Khyber Pakhtunkhwa will face Northern in the seventeenth match of the National T20 Cup at Rawalpindi Stadium.
The tournament will feature six teams — Balochistan, Central Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Northern, Sindh, and Southern Punjab. The Pindi Cricket Stadium in Rawalpindi and Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore will host 33 matches of the tournament.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has won the toss and opted to bowl first.
Time:- 03:00 PM IST
Stadium: Rawalpindi Stadium, Rawalpindi.
Mohammad Rizwan (captain and wicketkeeper), Shaheen Shah Afridi (vice-captain), Adil Amin, Arshad Iqbal, Asif Afridi, Fakhar Zaman, Iftikhar Ahmed, Imran Khan Snr, Israrullah, Maaz Khan, Mohammad Haris (wicketkeeper), Mohammad Imran Khan, Mohammad Wasim, Mussadiq Ahmed and Sahibzada Farhan.
Shadab Khan (captain), Mohammad Nawaz (vice-captain), Rohail Nazir (wicketkeeper), Ali Imran, Asif Ali, Haider Ali, Haris Rauf, Imad Wasim, Musa Khan, Nasir Nawaz, Salman Irshad, Sohail Akhtar, Sohail Tanvir, Umer Amin, Zaman Khan and Zeeshan Malik.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa vs Northern Live Score
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Mari Hamada - Heart And Soul album download
Band Name Mari Hamada. Album Name Heart and Soul. Music StyleHard Rock. Members owning this album2. 5. Promis in the History. 6. Right to Go. 7. Magic (Adventuros Heart). 8. 999 - One More Reason.
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Mari Hamada (浜田麻里 Hamada Mari, born July 18, 1962 in Nishi-Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, height 158cm) is a Japanese rock singer, songwriter and producer. Mari Hamada started singing commercially whilst at Metropolitan Musashigaoka high school when she formed a punk rock band called Mari Band. After graduating high school she attended Aoyama Gakuin University, near Tokyo. There, she joined a backing band called Hamachan and sang backing vocals for a group called Misty Cats.
SMAP – SMAP 25 YEARS. NOTE - You can use these HTML tags and attributes: 5 Bulletproof Heart – My Chemical Romance. Las últimas agregadas. 1 untitled unmastered. Explicit) – Kendrick Lamar. 2 untitled unmastered. 3 To Pimp A Butterfly (Explicit) – Kendrick Lamar.
5 Bulletproof Heart – My Chemical Romance. Las últimas agregadas. 1 untitled unmastered. Explicit) – Kendrick Lamar. 2 untitled unmastered. 3 To Pimp A Butterfly (Explicit) – Kendrick Lamar.
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