text:
Manchester United are at Old Trafford again on Sunday, when they face Arsenal in the Premier League. After defeats in their first two home games this season including a 6-1 thrashing at the hands of Tottenham, United have come back stronger keeping two consecutive clean sheets. They were at home against RB Leipzig in the Champions League in their previous game, and they ran out 5-0 winners, with Marcus Rashford coming off the bench to score an incredible hattrick.
Ole’s men have really turned their form around and have picked up big wins against some of Europe’s elite teams. They face a stern test this Sunday too as Mikel Arteta brings Arsenal to the Theater of Dreams. Arsenal have been lacking a cutting edge all season and might find goals hard to come by against a Manchester United defense that has now found its feet.
A rivalry that has died down in the past few years, when there was once Title races depended on it, the two teams now face off with not a lot at stake. The players and managers will gear up the same way for this game, knowing the historic significance of this clash.
It is likely that Solskjaer will elect the same 4-4-2 formation that worked so well against Leipzig’s back 3 and with Arsenal leaning towards a back three, there is little reason for United to change formation.
GK: De Gea
The Spaniard had a shaky start to the season, but had looked solid in the recent games. The addition of Henderson raised questions of whether De gea would be replaced this season but those worries are non-existent now.
Defense: Maguire, Lindelof, Wan-Bissaka, Telles
Harry Maguire and Victor Lindelof seem to have found their rhythm as a pairing, and one of the reasons that David De Gea has had an easier time between the sticks. Wan-Bissaka has also been influential in defense while his contributions going forward have also improved significantly. The same cannot be said about Luke Shaw however who could see himself dropped to the bench against a quick Arsenal front line. Ole might use this game to hand Portuguese fullback, Alex Telles his first start in the Premier League, and he might be the furthest forward of the two Fullbacks.
Midfield: Mctominay, Fred, Bruno Fernandes, Juan Mata
The Midfield has seen a bit of rotation for Manchester United but that may just be down to the fixture congestion. Bruno Fernandes and Juan Mata were both handed a rest in midweek after they started the game last weekend against Chelsea and this game could see them return to the starting lineup. Mctominay and Fred will be the defensive assurance behind the two creative midfielders but with so much emphasis on defending as a team, United could swap out Mata for either of Pogba, Matic or Van de Beek.
Forwards: Marcus Rashford, Edinson Cavani
The man in red hot form Marcus Rashford has a guaranteed starting role in this game, after bagging a hattrick against Leipzig in midweek from the bench Rashford will be raring to go against Arsenal. The MBE has started the season in red hot form and he already has 6 goals to his name this season. He could be partnered alongside Edinson Cavani, a Striker that knows a thing or two about goalscoring. This is a high profile game and exactly the kind of fixtures that Cavani would be looking forward to. The Uruguayan could make his first start for United this Sunday, after Greenwood was handed the start in the Champions League game.

domain: sports


text:
The selected panel for heat thirteen were Tony Hatch, George Elrick, John Smith and Alan A. Freeman.
Hoping to impress and book a place on the second All Winners Final just a few weeks later were;
- Aura (boy / girl duo) from London
- M3 (harmony trio) from Aylesbury
- Abbey Road (four-piece group) from Liverpool
- Tony Baars (vocalist) from Chesham
- Ken Brookes (comedian) from Stockport
- Jo Peters (jazz singer) from Surrey
- Johnny Stafford (comedian / harmonia) from Manchester
The winning act were harmony trio M3, sisters Maureen, Mary and Marilyn Stevens, who would be seen again in the All Winners show on the 4 January 1975.
Johnny Stafford was not only a very funny comedian but a fine musician as well. Before appearing on the show he had made TV and radio broadcasts, made records, and was a former member of the famous Morton Fraser Harmonica Gang who he had appeared with at the London Palladium.
In August 1975 Johnny joined fellow New Faces contestants, Tony Maiden, Lee and Marie Grant, Scarlet Jade and Geoff Taylor in the Robert Luff and Louis Benjamin New Faces show, hosted by Norman Vaughan, at Morecombe’s Winter Gardens.
Finishing fourth on the scoreboard were the four-piece group named after a 1969 Beatles LP, Abbey Road. The group members were Barry Woods (lead guitar), Eddie Gibbons (rhythm guitar), Charlie Hughes (bass) and Eric McIntosh (drums).
They chose to play one of their own songs Going To London, written by Eric Gibbons, and their TV appearance earned them lots of work after the show aired.
In June 1974 Abbey Road were one of twelve groups that performed on some of the 52 floats that assembled for the Liverpool Lord Mayor’s parade. They were invited to join the procession by Allan Williams, ‘the man who gave The Beatles away’, to publicise his book about Liverpool’s most famous foursome.
Abbey Road played their own tribute to the Fab Four as they travelled travelled through the rain soaked streets of the city on a parade float by performing She Loves You to draw screams of delight from the crowd that lined the route. They later also performed at a Beatles Revival show at a city hotel and received the same great reception.
Vocalist Tony Baars, by day a 24 year-old metal polisher, from Chesham finished third in the heat singing a ballad called In My Own Way. Just six months later was performing under the new name of Paul Rainbow, because he felt it was more commercial.
The former apprentice draughtsman started singing at the age of 14 but initially joined an instrumental group, in the style of The Shadows, called The Spartans and then joined a group called The Zenons.
After short spells in a number of progressive music groups from the late 1960s onwards he took the decision to go solo and started singing in nightclubs between cabarets.
Credits: Special thanks to Eric McIntosh and Chas Hughes (both Abbey Road) for the images and additional information, left in the comments, on their appearance on this show.

domain: history


text:
1Translation studies project‘TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF A FAREWELL TO ARMS WRITTENBY ERNEST HEMINGWAY, TRANSLATED BY ASHFAQ AHMAD ASWIDAA-E-JUNG’INTRODUCTION:Translation is “the process of turning an original or "source" text into a text in anotherlanguage1.” It is communication between humans; however, unlike most human linguisticcommunication, it is tied to communication between two parties that do not understand oneanother without the mediation of a middleman – a translator.“Translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics,the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions”2.Beyond the notion stressed by the narrowly linguistic approach, that translation involves thetransfer of `meaning contained in one set of language signs through competent use of thedictionary and grammar, the process involves a whole set of extra-linguistic criteria also.According to Nida and Taber in The Theory and Practice of Translation, “Translating consistsin reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”.Our project is about translation analysis of A Farewell to Arms (English text) by ErnestHemingway translated as Widaa-e-Jang (Urdu text) by Ashfaq Ahmad. Although the mannerand the style of English language differs to some extent as compared to Urdu language, even ifthe translator tries his best to retain authenticity. In our present project, we are going to analyzethat how the manner and the style are different in the two languages. "To translate, one musthave a style of his own, for otherwise the translation will have no rhythm or nuance, which comefrom the process of artistically thinking through and moulding the sentences; they cannot be1Jeremy Munday2Hawks, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977
2Translation studies projectreconstituted by piecemeal imitation. The problem of translation is to retreat to a simpler tenor ofones own style and creatively adjust this to ones author3."We have selected two texts for this project. One is in English language (the source text) and theother is it‟s translation in Urdu language (target text). For the purpose of analysis, we will applythe models, approaches and theories on respective texts, more specifically the translated text. Thefollowing novels are selected for the analysis in this project. Novel is A Farewell to Arms byErnest Hemingway and its translation is Widaa-e-Jang by Ashfaq Ahmad.HYPOTHESIS:“Ashfaq Ahmed is acknowledged as a globally-renowned playwright, intellectual andspiritualist.”It is assumed that the target text (translated by Ashfaq Ahmad) has succeeded in providing theaesthetic pleasure to the readers in approximately the same manner as that of the original one.INTRODUCTION TO THE SOURCE TEXT:Hemingway was the most influential fiction writer of his generation who changed the way manyof his contemporaries expressed themselves. Ernest Hemingway was an American author andjournalist. His style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction.Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won theNobel Prize in Literature in 1954. After high school he reported for a few months for The KansasCity Star, before leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers. In1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basisfor his novel A Farewell to Arms. He published seven novels, six short story collections and twonon-fiction works. Many of these are considered classics of American literature.When it was published in 1929, A Farewell to Arms was considered to be the bestseller. It wasbuilt on the theme of universal loneliness in the midst of war, and it left the impression ofoverwhelming emotion severely controlled, conveyed with the fewest possible words. That wasthe typical of the best of Hemingway„s writing.3Paul Goodman, Five Years: Thoughts During a Useless Time, 1969
3Translation studies projectThe love story of A Farewell to Arms is narrated against the background of war. In the course ofthe novel, there are many references to the war and troops-movement. In fact, the novel is asmuch a story of war as of love. A Farewell to Arms deal with the subject: the condition of man ina society upset by the violence of war. The setting of the novel is war itself, and the romance ofFrederic Henry and Catherine Barkley, their attempt to escape the war and its resulting chaos is aparable of the 20th century man‟s disgust and disillusionment at the failure of civilization toachieve the ideals it had been promising throughout the 19th century.The novel opens with World War I raging all over Europe. A young American student, studyingarchitecture in Italy, offers his services to the Italian army. In Gorizia, he is wounded in the kneeand is sent to recuperate in a hospital in Milan. He falls in love with an English nurse, CatherineBarkley, then he lives with her, and she becomes pregnant. He returns to the front in Gorizia andis caught in the Italian retreat. In order to save his life, he deserts his post and goes away to ahospital in Milan to take Catherine and go some place where they can start a new life. They go toSwitzerland but cannot live happily, for a fresh tragedy awaits them. Their eagerly awaited son isstillborn and Catherine, who can never have a normal delivery, dies after a Caesarean operation.A Farewell to Arms was the first to be made available in Urdu. Its Urdu translation is done bywell-known writer and journalist Ashfaq Ahmed, under the name of Widaa-e-Jang.INTRODUCTION TO THE TARGET TEXT:Ashfaq Ahmed was one of the most prolific Urdu writers in Pakistan. He was a distinguishedplaywright, broadcaster, intellectual and spiritualist. He wrote the finest works in Urdu. Hestarted writing stories in his childhood.He completed his Masters in Urdu literature from Government College Lahore. He worked as ateacher at Dayal Singh College, Lahore and at Rome University. He worked in Radio Pakistanas a script writer. He also joined Radio Rome as an Urdu newscaster. During his stay in Europe,he learned Italian and French languages from the University of Rome and University ofGrenoble, France. He took out his own monthly literary magazine; Dastaango. Ashfaq Ahmedstarted his popular radio program, Talqeen Shah which made him immensely popular. He wasappointed director of the Markazi Urdu Board. He also served as adviser in the EducationMinistry.
4Translation studies projectAshfaq Ahmeds subtle sense of humor and deep thoughts are reflected in his writings. Hispopular TV plays include Aik muhabbat sau afsanay, Uchhay burj Lahore dey, Tota kahani,Hairat kadah and Mun chalay ka sauda. All through his life, Ashfaq Ahmad endeavored toreform the society through his writings. He had authored over twenty five books including atravelogue, Safar dar Safar with a typical style. In fact, he gave a new mold to diction and locale.He used Punjabi literary words very well in Urdu and introduced a new kind of prose. AshfaqAhmed, in his later period of life, was greatly inclined towards Sufism, which was visiblyreflected in most of his works.Ashfaq Ahmed has translated Ernest Hemingways famous book, A Farewell to Arms as Widaa-e-Jang. In „taaruf‟ (introduction) of the translation he has written a short account ofHemingway‟s life. He has not written a summary of the source text, but told about author‟sintention of writing the source text. He has not provided any translator notes about his method oftranslation.LITERATURE REVIEW:Translation has always been understood to refer to a written transfer of a message or meaningfrom one language to another. For a formal definition, Dubois says “translation is theexpression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another,source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences” (in Bell, 1991: 5).The theoretical framework for Translation theories, models and analogies has to be drawn, forthe understanding of the Translation system, and to determine its validity for application in reallife translation.The explanation of the system is the theory of the scientist which, when passed on to the other, isrealized as a model.A theory is an explanation of a phenomenon, the perception of the system and order ofsomething observed. It has no tangible manifestation. It is an idea which constitutes the internalrepresentation of phenomenon.
5Translation studies projectA model is, in contrast, an external manifestation, rather than an internal representation of theexplanation; a realization of the theory/pedagogy. It exists as a tangible object or form which„stands‟ for the idea embodied in the theory/pedagogy.Translation theory, in fact, limits its activities to the level of technique or that of method, whilewhat is required is a principled approach from which the rest can flow.In order to assess that how far the translator has succeeded in making the text to meet all thestandards of textuality, different translation theories, models and approaches are applied on thetext. The applied theories, models and approaches help to check the validity of the translatedtext. Moreover these are applied in order to see the levels of differences occur in writing indifferent languages.The models selected to analyze the target text in our present project are; Eugene Nida And The Science of Translating Roman Jacobson: The Nature of Linguistic Meaning and Equivalence Vinay and Darbelnet‟s Model Katharina Reiss‟s Text Typology1. EUGENE NIDA AND THE SCIENCE OF TRANSLATING:Nida and Taber in their book; The Theory and Practice of Translation (1969) listed someuniversal features of text that should be taken into account in translation:“…all languages do have certain important features which can be used, and which in’effective’ communications are used, to mark the units larger than sentences”Equivalence is a preoccupation of the American Bible translator Eugene Nida who rejects the“free” versus “literal” debate in favor of the concept of formal and dynamic equivalence – aconcept that shifts the emphasis to the target audience. This was done in order to make readingand understanding the Bible easier for people with no knowledge of it. Let us examine his modelof translation as shown in Figure below (1964: 146):
6Translation studies projectIn this model, Nida divides the translation process into a decoding phase and an encoding phasein between the transfer of the message (M) from the source to the target language (A to B). Thismodel is clear and makes sense in a number of ways.In the history of translation, the Bible has very often been translated by a source-languagespeaker into the target language (from his mother tongue (A) into his foreign language (B)); thisversion would often be edited and written in „correct target language‟ by a target-languagespeaker.Eugene Nidas gave two types of equivalence: formal and dynamic. Formal equivalence“focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content” “Principles ofCorrespondence” in (Venuti, 129). Formal equivalence centers on the form and content of themessage of the ST while dynamic equivalence, later termed functional equivalence (Venutip.148), “aims at complete naturalness of expression” (Munday p.42) in the TT. His 1964 Towarda Science of Translating and his co-authorship with Taber in 1969 of Theory and Practice ofTranslation aim at creating a scientific approach incorporating linguistic trends for translators touse in their work (Munday p.38).Dynamic equivalence is based upon “the principle of equivalent effect”. In this sort oftranslation the emphasis is on the “dynamic relationship” between message and receptor, andcare is taken that “the relationship between receptor and message should be substantially thesame as that which existed between the original receptors and the message” (129). Catford termssuch translations „free as opposed to „literal translations; Dagut goes even further and classifiesthem as „reproductions rather than translations. Nida points out that there are a “number ofintervening grades” between these two poles of translation. Recent trends in translation,however, seem to be inclined towards dynamic rather than formal equivalence.
7Translation studies projectThe British translation theorist Peter Newmark, influenced by the work of Nida, feels that thedifference between the source language and the target language would always be a majorproblem, thus making total equivalence virtually impossible (Munday p.44). He replaces theterms “formal equivalence” and “dynamic equivalence” with “semantic translation” and“communicative translation”, and alters the focus of the translation back to the ST with hissupport for a literal approach.2. ROMAN JAKOBSON: THE NATURE OF LINGUISTIC MEANING ANDEQUIVALENCE:Douglas Robinson writes that for some translators “the entire purpose of translation is achievingequivalence. The target text must match the source text as fully as possible” (p.73)Roman Jakobson‟s study of equivalence gave new impetus to the theoretical analysis oftranslation since he introduced the notion of equivalence in difference. Linguistic meaning andequivalence are the key issues for the Russian structuralist Roman Jakobson who, in his 1959work On Linguistic Works of Translation, states that there are 3 types of translation:Intralingual (rewording or paraphrasing, summarizing, expanding or commenting withina language)Interlingual (the traditional concept of translation from ST to TT or the “shifting ofmeaning from one language to another” (Stockinger p.4)Intersemiotic (the changing of a written text into a different form, such as art ordance (Berghout lecture 27/7/05; Stockinger p.4).For Jakobson, meaning and equivalence are linked to the interlingual form of translation, which“involves two equivalent messages in two different codes” (1959/2000: p.114). He considersSaussure‟s ideas of the arbitrariness of the signifier (name) for the signified (object or concept)and how this equivalence can be transferred between different languages, for example theconcept of a fence may be completely different to someone living in the suburbs or a prisoninmate. He expands on Saussure‟s work in that he considers that concepts may be transferred by
8Translation studies projectrewording, without, however, attaining full equivalence. His theory is linked to grammatical andlexical differences between languages, as well as to the field of semantics.Jakobson claims that, in the case of interlingual translation, the translator makes use of synonymsin order to get the ST message across. This means that in interlingual translations there is no fullequivalence between code units. According to his theory, translation involves two equivalentmessages in two different codes (ibid: 233).Jakobson goes on to say that from a grammatical point of view languages may differ from oneanother to a greater or lesser degree, but this does not mean that a translation cannot be possible,in other words, that the translator may face the problem of not finding a translation equivalent.He acknowledges that whenever there is deficiency, terminology may be qualified and amplifiedby loanwords or loan-translations, neologisms or semantic shifts, and finally, by circumlocutions(ibid:234). Jacobson provides a number of examples by comparing English and Russianlanguage structures and explains that in such cases where there is no a literal equivalent for aparticular ST word or sentence, then it is up to the translator to choose the most suitable way torender it in the TT.There seems to be some similarity between Vinay and Darbelnets theory of translationprocedures and Jacobsons theory of translation. Both theories stress the fact that, whenever alinguistic approach is no longer suitable to carry out a translation, the translator can rely on otherprocedures such as loan-translations, neologisms and the like. Both theories recognize thelimitations of a linguistic theory and argue that a translation can never be impossible since thereare several methods that the translator can choose. The role of the translator as the person whodecides how to carry out the translation is emphasized in both theories. Vinay and Darbelnet aswell as Jacobson conceive the translation task as something which can always be carried outfrom one language to another, regardless of cultural or grammatical differences between ST andTT.So Jakobsons theory is essentially based on his semiotic approach to translation according towhich the translator has to recode the ST message first and then s/he has to transmit it into anequivalent message for the TC.
9Translation studies project3. VINAY AND DARBELNET’s MODEL:A classical model and one which has had a very wide impact is the Vinay and Darbelnet model.Vinay and Darbelnet in their book Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais came in 1958and its revised form in English in 1995, thirty seven years after the original. It compare thedifferences between English and French and identify two translation techniques that somewhatresemble the literal and free methods (Vinay and Darbelnet in Venuti p.128). Vinay andDarbelnet identified two general translational strategies direct translation and obliquetranslation and these two strategies comprise seven procedures.Direct (literal) translation discusses three possible strategies:1. Literal translation: it is word-for-word translation. According to Vinay and Darbelnet itis most of common between languages of same family and culture.2. Calque: SL expression is literally transferred to the TL, such as the English character„Snow White‟ in French becomes „Blanche Neige‟, because the normal wordconfiguration in English of „white snow‟ would be transferred as „neige blanche‟3. Borrowing: SL word is transferred directly into the TL.When literal translation is not possible, Vinay and Darbelnet say that the strategy of oblique(free) translation must be used. This covers further four procedures:1. Transposition: interchange of parts of speech that do not affect the meaning, a nounphrase for a verb phrase.2. Modulation: This changes the semantics and point of view of the S.L. It is a procedurethat is justified, in the words of the English edition, „when, although a literal, or eventransposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is consideredunsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the T.L.3. Equivalence: Vinay and Darbelnet used this term to refer the cases where languagesdescribe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means. It is particularlyuseful in translating idioms and proverbs.4. Adaptation: cultural references may need to be altered to become relevant (Vinay andDarbelnet in Venuti pp129-135).
10Translation studies projectDirect translation proceduresBorrowingCalqueLiteral TranslationOblique translation proceduresTranspositionModulationEquivalenceAdaptationTable 1 Vinay & Darbelnet‟s model of translation proceduresTwo other important features arise from the work of Vinay and Darbelnet. The first of these isthe idea of “servitude”, which refers to the compulsory changes from ST to TT; and “option”,which refers to the personal choices the translator makes, such as the modulation exampleabove. Option is an important element in translation because it allows for possible subjectiveinterpretation of the text, especially literary texts (Munday pp. 59-60).These seven main translation categories operate on three levels, i.e. the lexicon, syntacticstructure, the message.To facilitate analysis where oblique translation is used, Vinay and Darbelnet suggest numberingthe translation units in both the S.T and T.T. The units which have the same number in each textcan then be compared to see which translation procedure has been adopted.4. KATHARINA REISS’S TEXT TYPOLOGY:In 1970‟s Katharina Reiss introduced the concept of text type which builds on the concept ofequivalence but views the text rather than the word or sentence as the level at which thecommunication is achieved and at which the equivalence must be sought. Her functional
11Translation studies projectapproach initially aims at systematizing the assessment of translations. It borrows Karl Buhler‟sthree way categorization the functions of language. There three functions of language, accordingto Reiss, are linked to the corresponding language dimensions and to the text types orcommunicative situations in which they are used.The main characteristics of each text types as summarized by Reiss, are as follows;1. The first type of text is the „Informative text’. The function of language in this text is torepresent objects and the facts. There is a plain communication of facts i.e. theinformation, knowledge and opinions etc are transferred are transferred to the readers ofthe translated text. The language dimension used to transmit the information is logicaland referential. The content is the main focus of this type of text, the translated textshould transmit the referential content i.e. it should aim to transmit the information, factsand object of the source text.2. The second type of text is the „Expressive text’. It is actually a „creative composition‟, inwhich the author of the translated text expresses the sender‟s attitude. The translationmethod is identifying method, in which the translator adopts the perspective of sourcetext author. Form of text is focused on in this type and the author uses the aestheticdimension of language. The sender or author of the original text is fore grounded.3. The third type of text is the „Operative text’. The function of the language is appellativein this type i.e. it makes appeal to the reader or receiver of the text in a certain way. Thetranslation should employ the „adaptive method‟, thus creating an equivalent effectamong the TT readers. This adaptive method is actually concerned with changing thebehavior of the readers of the text. The form of language is dialogic and the focus isappellative.4. The fourth type of text, according to Reiss, is the „Audio medial text’. Such textinclude films and visuals and spoken advertisements which supplement the other threefunctions with visual images, music etc.Reiss also lists a series of intra linguistic and extra linguistic instruction criteria by whichadequacy of the target text may be assessed.Intralingual criteria involve semantic, lexical, grammatical and stylistic features.
12Translation studies projectExtra lingual criteria involve situation, subject field, time, place, receiver, sender and „affectiveimplications‟. (Irony, humor, emotion etc)For an expressive text, it is important to retain the metaphor in the translation of an expressivetext than in informative text, where translation of only semantic value alone will be sufficient.(Munday:72-74)According to Reiss (1976), the assessment of a translation requires that in the first place onemust determine the kind of text the original represents (in term of text type and text variety); thetranslators conception of the translation (to be inferred from his manner of translating, andperhaps also explicitly stated in a translators preface); and the aim of the translated text. Onlywhen these factors have become established is one in a position to judge a translation "fairly", inaccordance with the appropriate criteria. (Reiss 1976:97-100.)Text concept Translation type Translation aimText = sum of words word-for-word translation(interlinear)comparative linguisticresearchText = sum of sentences literal translation(grammar translation)foreign language learningText = basic linguisticsignlearned translation(deliberately marked +commentary)study of culture-boundlanguage differencesText = verbal componentof a communicationprocess (text-with-a-function)communicative translationa) normal caseb) special subtypea) integral communicativeperformanceb) all kinds of changes offunctionTable 2 Katharina Reiss‟s model of translation typology
13Translation studies projectANALYSIS OF THE TARGET TEXT:EUGENE NIDA AND THE SCIENCE OF TRANSLATING:Eugene Nida rejects the “free” versus “literal” debate in favor of the concept of formal anddynamic equivalence – a concept that shifts the emphasis to the target audience. His introductionof the formal and dynamic equivalence was crucial in introducing a receptor-based (or reader-based) orientation to translation theory.Eugene A. Nida (1964) distinguishes between formal and dynamic equivalence in translation. Hesays “formal equivalence” refers to a faithful reproduction of source-text form elementswhereas a “dynamic equivalence” refers to equivalence of extra linguistic communicative effect(Nida 1964 in Nord 1997: 5). Moreover, in “A Framework for the Analysis and Evaluation ofTheories of Translation” (1976) Nida emphasizes the purpose of translation, the roles of both thetranslator and the receivers or recipients of translation, and also the cultural implications of thetranslation process.Nida‟s model of equivalence is applicable to the translation of A Farewell to Arms as Widaa-e-Jung. Examples from the text are as follows:1. Formal equivalence is described as; it focuses attention on the message itself, in bothform and content. It is actually word to word translation of the text.ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)The trunks of the trees too were dusty andthe leaves fell early that year.(pg 7)(pg 5)The plain was rich with crops, there weremany orchards of fruit trees and beyondthe plain the mountains were brown andbare.(7)
14Translation studies project(Pg 5)The next year there were many victories.(pg 8)(pg 6)The day had been hot.(pg 21) (pg 26)The carpet on the stairs was worn.(pg 115)(pg 167)I stepped out into the rain and the carriagestarted.(pg116)(pg 168)The roads were muddy.(pg 118) (pg 173)I went to the door and looked out.(pg 128)(pg 189)The girl looked at me fiercely.(pg 141)(pg 209)
15Translation studies projectLater we were on a road that lead to ariver. (pg 150)(pg 224)We were supposed to wear steel helmetseven in Gorizia.(pg 25)(pg 32)From the above instances, it can be seen that sentences from source text (ST) is translated wordto word in the target text (TT) i.e. Urdu.2. Dynamic equivalence is defined as the relationship between receptor and message whichis substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and themessage. It is actually sense to sense translation of the text.ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)Sculpture had always seemed a dull business.(pg 25)(pg 31)It’s not my leg. I got a rupture.(pg no. 29)(pg 38)The driver came out of the door with papersfor the wounded in the car.(page no. 29)(pg 38)
16Translation studies projectI drove coming back and went fast with theemptycar to find the man from Pittsburgh.(30)(pg 40)The column stalled again in the night and didnot start. I got down and went back to seeAymo and Bonello. Bonello had two sergeantsof engineers on the seat of his car with him.They stiffened when I came up. (140)(pg 209)They were ruddy and healthy looking (152).(pg 226)They did not talk but we could not have heardthem because of the noise from the river.(pg152)(pg226 )It was beginning to be light enough,so I could see the bushes along the shore-line.(163)(pg 244)While we play billiards, we drank champagne.(181)
17Translation studies project(pg 270 )I went to the door very softly, not to disturbCatherine, and opened it. (188)(pg 281)From these instances, it can be seen that sentences from source text (ST) is translated sense tosense in the target text (TT) i.e. Urdu. The meaning of the source text is closer to the meaning oftarget text.2. ROMAN JAKOBSON: THE NATURE OF LINGUISTIC MEANING ANDEQUIVALENCE:Roman Jakobson in On Linguistic Aspects of Translation, described three kinds of translation;intralingual, interlingual and inter-semiotic. Jacobson examined the key issues of interlingualtranslation (i.e. translation between two different written languages) notably linguistic meaningand equivalence.Jakobson has built his model on the relation set out by Saussure between the signifier (thespoken and written signal) and the signified (the concept).together, the signifier and the signifiedform the linguistic meaning; that is arbitrary. He then moves on to consider the thorny problemof equivalence in meaning between words in different languages. Jacobson says that: „There isordinarily no full equivalence between code-units.‟Jakobson‟s model of linguistic meaning and equivalence is applicable to the translation of AFarewell to Arms as Widaa-e-Jung. For example, the English word patriot is translated in Urduas Razaa kaar. Though there is no full equivalence between code-units in English and Urdu butstill the meaning is conveyed. For the message to be „equivalent‟ in source text (ST) and targettext (TT), the code-units will be different since they belong to two different sign systems(languages) which partition reality differently.
18Translation studies projectAs in Jakobson‟s description, interlingual translation involves ‘substituting messages in onelanguage not for separate code-units but for entire messages in some other language’. Thus it isnot any inability of one language to render a message that has been written in another verballanguage. (Jakobson 1959/2004; 139)For Jakobson, cross-linguistic differences centre on obligatory grammatical and lexical forms;‘languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey’.(Jakobson 1959/2004; 139)The differences in interlingual translation (English-Urdu, vice versa) occur at:1. The Level of Gender:There are certain nouns which are feminine in English language but are masculine orneutral in Urdu. Likewise, sometimes it is the other way around. For example,ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)A bat flewPage no. 75Page no.111the moon shone throughPage no. 261Page no. 290the lake widenedPage no. 261Page no. 290the wind blewPage no. 276Page no. 305they should declare war on her (Austria)Page no. 79 Page no. 84From the above examples it can be observed that „moon‟ is neutral in English while it ismasculine in Urdu. Likewise, „Austria‟ is feminine in English while masculine in Urdu.
19Translation studies project2. The Level of Aspect:The level of aspect involves the change of part of speech.ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)I couldn’t conscientiously open a kneePage no. 97Page no. 106Don’t talkPage no. 97Page no. 106As in the above-given examples, „Conscientiously‟ is adverb in English while it is nounin the Target text i.e. Urdu.3. The Level of Semantic Fields:The main focus of the level of semantic fields is equivalence in meaning between the twolanguages.ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)RacesPage no. 94Page no. 134BandagedPage no. 94Page no. 134BowedPage no. 115Page no. 167sunsetPage no. 57Page no. 48tanneriesPage no. 188
20Translation studies projectPage no. 208UndressingPage no. 38Page no. 36horse-drawn cartsPage no. 188Page no. 208British batteriesPage no. 42Page no. 41wedge like gapPage no. 261Page no. 290steerPage no. 261Page no. 290under your armPage no. 261Page no. 290ClosePage no. 260Page no. 289noblePage no. 260Page no. 289marblePage no. 260Page no. 289ambulancePage no. 260Page no. 289As in the first example, there is one word „sunset‟ in the source text while in the Urdu languagein order to achieve equivalence in meaning, it has been translated into more than one words inUrdu.
21Translation studies projectVINAY AND DARBELNET’S MODEL:Vinay and Darbelnet carried out a comparative stylistic analysis of French and English. Theynoted the differences and identified the translation strategies and „procedure‟ in the texts of boththe languages i.e. source text and target text. The two general strategies identified by them are:1. Direct translation2. Oblique translationBoth the strategies comprising seven procedures can be found in the translation of the text AFarewell to Arms into Widaa-e-Jung.Direct Translation:Direct translation is a literal or word for word translation. It covers the following threeprocedures:1. Borrowing:In borrowing, the word in the source language (SL) is directly transferred into targetlanguage (TL). It is done to bridge the semantic gap between two languages. For example,ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)stationpage no. 116Page no. 168RadiatorPage no. 140Page no. 208firstPage no. 108Page no. 104machinePage no. 108Page no. 104x-ray
23Translation studies projectCabinPage no. 35Page no. 45hoylePage no. 35Page no. 45porchPage no. 35 Page no. 45OrderPage no. 35Page no. 45In all of the above examples words in source language are directly transferred in target text.2. Calque:Calque is „a special kind of borrowing‟ in which the source language expression istransferred in a literal translation. For example,ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)Fuse capPage no. 80Page no. 118MedalsPage no. 118Page no. 174clearing stationpage no. 135Page no. 201Field hospitalsPage no. 135Page no. 201metal to metal brakesPage no. 35Page no. 45
24Translation studies projectgolden gatePage no. 35Page no. 45wheelPage no. 35Page no. 45SergeantPage no. 35Page no. 45differentialPage no. 35Page no. 45ambulancePage no. 35Page no. 45In the above examples, Urdu substitutes of the words like ambulance, golden gate etc could beused by the author, but he borrowed these words as it is from the source text, and transferred thesource language expression in a literal translation.3. Literal Translation:It means word for word translation. For example,ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)RottenPage no. 182Page no. 271Delightful languagePage no. 185Page no. 276Noble young manPage no. 74Page no.109Good man
25Translation studies projectPage no. 189 Page no. 210Good nightPage no. 190Page no. 210In cases where literal translation is not possible, the strategy of oblique translation is used.2. Oblique Translation:Oblique translation refers to the free translation of the source text into the target text. Thefollowing four procedures fall in the oblique translation.1) Transposition:It is a change of one part of speech for another without changing the sense. For example,ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)You talked out loudPage no. 143Page no. 213He slept heavilyPage no. 211Page no. 234‘I was very extravagant darling’, she said,‘but it’s a fine.’Page no. 148Page no. 161In the first example, the word „loud‟ is a verb in the source language which shows some action.While in its translation it has been changed to noun that is „bol‟. Similarly in the secondexample, the word „slept‟ is a verb in the source language which shows some action. While in itstranslation it has been changed to noun that is „neend‟
26Translation studies project2) Modulation:It changes the semantics and point of view of source language. It exists in sentences wherethe translator changes the sentences in such a way e.g. affirmative to negative, active topassive, etc. but meaning remains the same as shown through the given examples. Forexample,ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)If I had brains I wouldn‟t be here.Page no. 151 Page no. 225Why haven‟t you brains, anarchist?Page no. 151 Page no. 225the Austrians were sons of bitchesPage no. 95 Page no. 104I shook hands with the third doctorPage no. 98. . Page no. 107you wouldn’t be in bedPage no. 108Page no. 99we’re all friends herePage no. 160 Page no. 177I didn’t say anythingPage no. 211 Page no. 233no one was talkingPage no. 215 Page no. 238
27Translation studies project3) Equivalence:Equivalence is used to refer to the cases where different languages describe the samesituation by different stylistic or structural means.ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)It was all right.Page no.185Page no. 273It is a very unattractive wisdomPage no. 187 Page no. 279I said I had killed plentyPage no. 95Page no. 104And much lifting I was upstairs and in bedagainPage no. 95Page no. 104an army travels on its stomachPage no. 195Page no. 216In the above examples, the translator has used idioms and proverbial expressions whiletranslating simple sentences but still the meaning is fully conveyed.4) Adaptation:It involves the changing of cultural reference when a situation in the source language culturedoesn‟t exist in the target language culture. For example,
28Translation studies projectST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)Go to hellPage no. 52Page no. 73I hope to Christ not.Page no. 149Page no. 222it was like being put to bed after earlysupperPage no. 72Page no. 75for Christ’s sweet sake take me to someroomPage no. 83Page no. 91Christ, I say it’s rottenI say it’s rotten. JesusPage no. 40Page no. 39Jesus Christ, ain’t this all a goddamn war?Page no. 41 Page no. 40they’ll shell the hell out of usPage no. 52Page no. 50The given examples show that the writer has used or changed the words according to his beliefsand cultural context.KATHARINA REISS’S TEXT TYPOLPGY:The target text (TT) i.e. Widaa-e-Jung is both an expressive and informative text.
29Translation studies projectThe informative text is one which provides us information about the facts. In this case, thetarget text provides us information about the details and horrors of the World War.1. Language and Dimension:Being an informative text, the Target Text represents the full accounts of objects and figure.Examples from the source and target texts are given below:ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)At the front they were advancing on the Carso,they had taken Kuk across from Plava andwere taking the Bain-sizza plateau.Page no. 85Page no. 97Many Germans in Italian uniform mixing withthe retreat in the North. That as one of thosethings you always heard in the warPage no. 209.Page no. 232Not in war times. I don’t think they let theItalians cross the frontier.Page no. 267Page no. 296I am sorry, we haven’t any rolls in war timePage no. 268.Page no. 297The above examples show that the text type is „plain communication of facts‟ i.e. it isinformative and referential.
30Translation studies project2. Text Focus:The Target Text (TT) is content-focused and descriptive as well. For example:ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)We walked down the stairs instead of takingthe elevator. The carpet on the stairs wasworn. I had paid for the dinner.Page no. 115Page no. 167We got into Milan early in the morning andthey unloaded us in the freight yard. Anambulance took me to the American hospitalPage no. 62Page no. 89Catherine Barkley was greatly liked by thenurses because she would do night dutyindefinitely.Page no. 107Page no. 118At the start of the winter came the permanentrain and with the rain came the cholera. But itwas checked and in the end only seventhousand died of it in the army.Page no. 7(page no. 6)
31Translation studies projectThe text is expressive text and transmits the aesthetic and artistic form of Source text. Thetranslation uses the „identifying‟ method; still the translator is adopting the stand point of STauthor. For example,ST (Source Text) TT (Target Text)I watched her brushing her hair, holding herhead so the weight of her hair all came on oneside. It was dark outside and the light over thehead of the bed shone on her hair and on herneck.Page no. 184 Page no. 275When I awake after the operation I had notbeen away. You do not go away They onlychoke you. It is not like dying, it is just achemical choking, so you do not feel, andafterwards you might as well have been drunkexcept that when you throw up nothing comesbut bile and you do not feel better afterwardsPage no. 106(page no 117)
32Translation studies projectI am afraid of rain because sometimes I see medead in itPage no. 125Page no. 133The shutters were up but it was still going oninside. Page no. 38Page no. 36It seems she had one hemorrhage afteranother. They couldn’t stop it. I went into theroom and stayed with Catherine until she died.She was unconscious all the time, and it didnot take her very long to diePage no. 317Page no. 352Blow, blow ye Western wind.Page no. 191 Page no. 212From the given examples, it can also be said that the text is a „creative composition‟ that isaesthetic and expressive.ASHFAQ AHMAD AS A TRANSLATOR:Importance of translator is defined as; „...the translator is a bilingual mediating agent betweenmonolingual communication participants in two different language communities4‟.4David Katan‟s Translating Cultures (2004: 16).
33Translation studies projectRole of a translator varies from culture to culture, country to country, and from text to text.Translator acts as a mediator or reconciliatory and bridges the gap between source text (ST) andaesthetics of the source text in the target text.In the translation of the novel A Farewell to Arms as Widaa-e-Jang Ashfaq Ahmad has played arole of both mediator and creator.As a translator, Ashfaq Ahmad is first and foremost a mediator between the two parties forwhom mutual communication might otherwise be problematic. He not only possessed a bilingualability but also had bicultural vision. He has tried to overcome the incompatibilities which standin the way of transfer of meaning. There are certain signs which have the value in one culturalcommunity but are devoid of significance in another. Ashfaq Ahmad being a creative translatorhas identified and resolved the disparity between two cultures.Furthermore, the translation of the title of the novel (A farewell to Arms as Widaa-e-Jang) alsoreflects his creative ability as a translator. The translation of the title of our source text is aliterary one. Because Ashfaq Ahmad has not translated it word for word but he has conveyed thesense which renders the connotative power present in the original English words of the title.Widaa- e -Jang reflects Ashfaq Ahmad‟s reading and defines him as a non ordinary reader. Hehas also involved his own beliefs and values in the process of translation and has also skippedcertain sentences and paragraphs in his translation. In most part of the novel he has translatedmany simple sentences in the form of proverbs.Widaa-e-Jang reflects Ashfaq Ahmad‟s reading and defines him as a non-ordinary reader. Inshort, looking at the general and specific analysis of the novel, the translator‟s role as a creatorand mediator can be justified. He has attempted to present the original text‟s theme and mainidea with great fidelity and care.FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION:An analysis of the target text(TT) and the source text(ST) i.e. Farewell to the arms by EarnestHemingway and Wida-e-Jung by Ashfaq Ahmed, exhibits the Equivalent effect, No formalcorrespondence, Proverbial expressions, Natural and easy expressions, Sense for sense
34Translation studies projecttranslation, Changed according to personal beliefs, Skipping of paragraphs and sentences,Aesthetics is preserved/maintainedAll the four models given above are fully applicable to the translation of A Farewell to Arms. Ina crux it can be said that, Widaa-e-Jung is a fine translation of A Farewell to Arms by AshfaqAhmed. It carries traces of different approaches and theoretical frameworks of translation givenby theorists.REFERENCES:
35Translation studies projectIntroducing Translation Studies by Jeremy Munday, 2nd EditionA Farewell To Arms by Earnest HemingwayWidaa-e-Jang by Ashfaq Ahmedhttp://nativepakistan.com/quotes-of-ashfaq-ahmed/http://ashfaqahmedsahab.wordpress.com/2010/01/18/introduction-ashfaq-ahmed/

domain: library


Published August 17, 2018
Solid fuel combustion – in the form of biomass and coal – is a dominant energy source for household heating and cooking in low and middle-income countries. As a result, nearly 3 billion people worldwide are exposed to household air pollution, causing four million premature deaths annually.
In low- and middle-income countries, indoor air pollution primarily affects women and children who experience prolonged exposure to harmful pollutants largely from poorly ventilated rooms with cookstoves. Several health problems are linked to household air pollution, including respiratory infections in young children, and stroke, heart disease, pulmonary disease and lung cancer in adults.
Indoor air quality improves as households transition from solid fuels to cleaner alternatives1. Our interdisciplinary team of researchers at UB is investigating the transition from solid to cleaner fuels in households through a variety of cross-disciplinary and methodological lenses.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 seeks to increase access to cleaner fuels and technologies by 2030. However, the World Bank contends the total number of people who rely on solid fuels will likely remain unchanged without substantial policy initiatives.
Our team has set out to identify enabling and inhibiting characteristics of clean fuel use policies. Specifically, we question: When do households transition from solid fuels and adopt cleaner alternatives? While prior studies have examined localized case studies of fuel transition, few examine external factors that may catalyze widespread and sustained fuel transitions at national or regional levels.
Our first step in this process involved identifying determinants of clean fuel transitions. We conducted an analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys in 69 countries. Our analysis identified that the most significant and predictive factor explaining a country’s solid fuel use is economic development (measured as GDP per capita). Thus, as GDP rises, there is a reduction in solid fuel use. Two additional significant factors in the transition from solid to cleaner fuels are production of electricity and population size.
Our research2 also identified that government’s energy policies within countries had a strong predictive correlation in household transition. These policies included gas subsidies and improvements in energy efficiency, access, and sustainability.
As a next step in our analysis, we examined predictive factors in fuel transition in Bolivia, Peru, Guatemala, and Dominican Republic. We will be drawing from this analysis as we move towards case studies of fuel transition across multiple contexts within one country where we explore how gender, income, and work may intersect as households make fuel transition decisions.


Diddy – Dirty Money was a rap group consisting of Sean "Diddy" Combs, singer and dancer Dawn Richard, and singer-songwriter Kalenna Harper. They were signed to Combs' label Bad Boy Records. The group disbanded in 2012.Continue reading at Wikipedia...
Showing release groups by this artist. Show Various Artist release groups instead.


text:
Rapper Iggy Azalea is engaged to Lakers’ Nick Young: See the ring
She's so engaged! Iggy Azalea is set to marry Lakers player Nick Young.
The Lakers guard/forward proposed to the "Fancy" emcee on Monday during his carnival-themed 30th birthday party.
Young, a.k.a. Swaggy P, got down on one knee and popped the question for all to see, and the Aussie rapper said yes, as seen in footage of the proposal.
"She said yes. It's over man. I'm getting married!" the NBA star wrote on Instagram.
The twosome has been linked since November 2013 after reportedly meeting via Twitter.
Azalea, real name Amethyst Amelia Kelly, shared several snapshots of her gargantuan rock on Instagram -- and a few of her new fiance too.
""Happiest Day #Isaidyes," the 24-year-old wrote, captioned a close-up of her ring.
She also posted the same snapshot kissing her man (and showing off the ring), which she captioned: "Love you @swaggyp1"
The custom yellow diamond engagement ring is estimated at $500,000, Us Weekly said, and was codesigned by Young and Jason of Beverly Hills. The massive sparkler features an 8.15-carat fancy intense center stone circled by a white diamond halo, the mag said.
The engagement is welcome good news for the Grammy-nominated rapper. On Friday, she announced that she would be canceling her fall Great Escape arena tour in its entirety. The tour was supposed to launch in April, with a stop at Staples Center on April 21, before being moved to September.
"As u may know, the tour is cancelled. I'm so sad and sorry to let my fans down...we'll be back out on the road when the next album is done," she tweeted.
Follow me on Twitter @NardineSaad.
The complete guide to home viewing
Get Screen Gab for weekly recommendations, analysis, interviews and irreverent discussion of the TV and streaming movies everyone’s talking about.
You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times.

domain: celebrity


text:
House for rent from € 106/day in La FretteName/Address: Maison de vacances - LA FRETTE
Image disclaimer: It is the responsibility of the hotel chain and/or the individual property to ensure the accuracy of the photos displayed. Dream Home Shop is not responsible for any inaccuracies in the photos.
This wonderfully comfortable home is situated on a spacious plot of 2 ha, just outside the picturesque village of La Frette (500m) . The large covered terrace (with barbecue ) on both sides of the house provides you the coolness that you are looking for. It's also a lovely place to enjoy the superb views of the area. A grocery store and a bakery can be found in Simandre (5km) . A supermarket and restaurants are found in St. Germain (6km). The immediate area has much to offer. For example, the beautiful Tournis (16km). Remember, do not forget to add the medieval Abbey of St. Philibert, from the 10th century, to your list . Notice the size of the complex with the abbey buildings. By car, you are quickly in the Jura or the Beaujolais region. Switzerland is one hour away. Chalon-sur-Saone (25km) has many interesting old neighborhoods. Of course, enthusiasts know where to find the Niepce museum of photography. Louhans (20km) is dedicated to the butter, eggs and poultry trade. Of course you'll visit the cattle market here. Here they still use the hand slap system.
LayoutGround floor: (Livingroom(TV(Dutch television channels, International television channels), DVD player, CD player), Open plan kitchen(coffee maker, oven, microwave, dishwasher, refrigerator), Bedroom with bathroom(2x Single bed, TV, bath, toilet), Bedroom with bathroom(2x Single bed, TV, shower, toilet), WC, utility room(washing machine)) garage, heating, patio, garden, garden furniture, BBQ
- Deposit: € 200
- Cleaning: Mandatory: € 50
- Pets: Max. 1; free of charge
- Bed linen: Possible to rent per packet, € 8 p.p./Stay
- Bath towels: Included in the price when you rent a linen package
- Kitchen linen: Included
- Electricity: 10KWh per night included. More consumption at local rates
- Gas/Oil: Not present
- Wifi: Free
- Wood: € 4,28/night
- Tourist tax: No
- Cot: free (on request)
- High chair: free (on request)
- Linen: Extra bed linen change € 8 p.p.
The position on the map may not be accurate
No info provided

domain: travel


text:
An artistically designed hand bouquet of White and Yellow roses arranged with White Hypericum and Gypsophila, along with Massangeana Leaves. The luxurious and alluring appeal of this bouquet makes it a winner every time! The height is approximately 40 cm to 50 cm. The width is approximately 15 cm to 25 cm.
Prices Excluding VAT
Same Day Delivery
Delivery In Jeddah Only
Certified by the Ministry of Commerce
All pictures are our work

domain: design


text: This beautiful ethnic Daisy Bracelet is made with Indian metal which has been enamelled. The Daisy beads are 10mm in size. The bracelet has gorgeous aqua blue colours with gold outline. I have added 4mm gold fluted beads either side o the Daisies . A Bollywood style with vibrant gold colours. The bracelet has a copper clasp.

domain: artistic


text:
In the wake of increasing cases of Covid- 19 in Maharashtra, Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray has called an all-party meet this evening to discuss the situation and steps to curb the spread. The meeting is expected to be attended by prominent leaders of the Mahavikas Aghadi alliance along with the leaders of BJP, MNS and other political parties.
The state is currently under a strict weekend lockdown from 8 pm on Friday till 7 am on Monday. AIR correspondent reports, strict weekend lockdown is ongoing in Maharashtra to break the chain of coronavirus infection. Blockades have been imposed in various parts of Mumbai. Police are on patrol to prevent people from roaming the streets for no reason. Citizens are allowed to go out only for essential work.
Thane Police Commissioner Vivek Phansalkar has appealed the citizens, not to leave home unless there is some urgent work. All shops in Sangli and Ahmednagar district have been closed except for essential services. Traders and citizens have responded positively to the administration’s appeal.
The weekend lockdown in Satara and Dhule district has also received positive response and all transactions are closed except for essential services. The weekend lockdown also received a good response in Solapur city and district. The traffic was less and shops remained closed. This weekend lockdown will continue until 7 am on Monday.

domain: politics


text:
Sometimes dreams have obvious messages; other times, they’re not clear at all. We don’t understand the message. Even if we chart the dream using the SOM framework going point by point, for one reason or another, our conscious mind still doesn’t understand.
This happens to the best of us. You can ask for a clarifying dream. The one known as the “sleeping prophet,” Edgar Cayce, noted that often when this happens, the subconscious responds with a dream similar to an essay.
It was probably natural to refer to that type of dream as an “essay dream.”
What is an essay dream?
An essay is a short piece of writing that states an opinion along with reasons the writer holds that opinion. The essay dream has these features expressed in feelings and symbols.
The dream will be a clear communication with thoughts and feelings about a topic the dreamer cares about, sometimes very intensely. As with a written essay, the general idea behind the dream is to get the dreamer to take some action.
Presumably, when Cayce was receiving information about the history and the political situation that led up to the destruction of Atlantis a lot of clarification was needed. The society he described was very different from the one he lived in. That means there were a number of essay dreams involved.
My dreams usually aren’t as intricate as ones that could describe Atlantis or what some other people could have. I’m not a psychic.
However, in my experience, I’ve asked for and received a clarifying dream when I haven’t understood something about one of the dreams. Sometimes, I’ve received a clarifying dream, too, when I haven’t asked for it. Not because I haven’t understood the dream, but to expand on another point.
Who was Edgar Cayce?
Known to some as “the father of holistic medicine,” Cayce remains influential in what became the New Age movement. He was famous for transcripts of sessions where he’d lay down and go into a trance. While he was asleep, he’d receive all kinds of information. Many of the things he learned when he was asleep were things he would have had no way of knowing. While sleeping, he’d answer questions about healing, the afterlife, past lives, nutrition, Atlantis, and future events. Cayce said his responses came through his subconscious, which worked to relay information from universal intelligence.
A good book on his life is Edgar Cayce Story: There Is a River by Thomas Sugrue.
For further reading:
James Cobb, RN, MSN, is an emergency department nurse and the founder of the Dream Recovery System. His goal is to provide his readers with simple, actionable ways to improve their health and maximize their quality of life.
We use affiliate links in some banner ads. If you click on a link and make a purchase, we may receive a commission. This has no effect on our opinions.

domain: psychology


text:
Recently we saw record low temperatures here in the Bluegrass.
While these temperatures are often uncomfortable for us, distilleries love the winter.
In central Kentucky, when the temperatures go down, Bourbon production cranks up.
Distillers combine freshly harvested grains with cool water.
"It just produces an exceptionally sweet taste to the product. That’s about the easiest way to describe it," said Freddie Johnson, a Buffalo Trace Tour Guide.
Buffalo Trace makes a promise to its customers.
"We’re always making exception Bourbon at Buffalo Trace," said Johnson.
And a promise is why Johnson works at the distillery.
"I started playing around this distillery when I was five-years-old," said Johnson.
12 years ago, Johnson came home, following in his grandfather and father’s foot steps.
The Johnson’s own more than 100 years experience making Bourbon at Buffalo Trace.
"So coming back here is like Willy Wonka in the chocolate factory, it’s just a fascinating place to be," said Johnson.
Landmarks cover the distillery.
One plaque honors Johnson’s dad, the only employee to barrel every millionth barrel produced since prohibition; however, most of the landmarks are invisible.
"I have moments that I just, I just basically walk around this distillery, and I remember things that my father and grandfather shared with me about the distillery. It just gives you a special feeling," said Johnson.
He is the only living member of his immediate family. His mother, sister, brother, and dad all died from cancer.
He used to work on ATT’s long distance network for most of the U.S. and the world. Johnson even had a top secret security clearance.
"My dad said who would have thought an old country bumpkin like yourself would wind up in New York City," said Johnson.
Freddie promised his dad he would return to Buffalo Trace. He left ATT when doctors diagnosed his brother and father with cancer at the same time.
"Coming back home actually meant more to my dad than all the other things I’d ever done. Just for him to be able to come down to this distillery, and walk around with me, and share with me the things his father had shared with him," said Johnson.
Before Johnson’s dad died. He rolled out Buffalo Trace’s six-millionth barrel.
They celebrated the milestone on dad’s 94th Birthday.
"It was the first time I’ve ever put my father to bed," said Johnson.
With time running out, Freddie, his brother and dad talked for three hours, and shared secrets.
"Nine months later they were both gone, so if we had not done that yet…You were asking me about walking around this distillery, if I had not spent that time with them, I would have not had those memories, and those things that they still linger," said Johnson.
For nine years, Freddie and his dad worked together. His dad passed in 2011.
"On this particular day when I left out he just said goodbye son. I’m driving down the hill coming to work, and I’m thinking goodbye son?"
Who could work after that? Johnson went home.
"He opened his eyes, and he said ‘You came back!’ I said yea. I said you alright? He said, ‘That’s good. Glad your back. Glad you back," said Johnson.
With the promise fulfilled, Johnson’s father died a few minutes later.
Johnson says honor is a core principle at Buffalo Trace.
The Franklin County Sheriff says somebody stole almost $30,000 worth of Pappy Van Winkle.
The Sheriff thinks it could be an inside.
"We’re not allowed to talk about it, but for those that’s been around a while, it bothered us, it bothered us extremely," said Johnson.

domain: news


text:
Orthopedic Surgical Treatment: Bring Back Mobility and Lifestyle
Orthopedic surgical treatment is a specific branch of medication that focuses on the medical diagnosis and therapy of musculoskeletal conditions. From cracks and joint substitutes to sports injuries and degenerative disorders, orthopedic doctors play a vital duty in recovering wheelchair and improving the quality of life for their people. In this article, we will certainly discover the field of orthopedic surgical procedure and its different therapy choices.
Orthopedic cosmetic surgeons are doctor that are educated to offer both non-surgical and medical therapy for a wide range of musculoskeletal issues. They have expertise in locations such as trauma, sporting activities injuries, joint replacements, spinal conditions, hand and also upper extremity surgical treatment, foot and ankle surgical procedure, as well as pediatric orthopedics. The objective of orthopedic surgical procedure is to lower pain, improve function, as well as improve the overall well-being of people.
Among the most usual factors individuals look for orthopedic surgical procedure is to attend to joint troubles. Problems such as osteo arthritis, rheumatoid joint inflammation, as well as joint injuries can create severe discomfort and restrict motion. In such instances, orthopedic surgeons may advise joint replacement surgical treatment, where the harmed joint is changed with a prosthetic joint made of metal, ceramic, or plastic. This procedure has actually been extremely successful in boosting movement as well as eliminating discomfort.
Sports injuries are one more location where orthopedic surgical treatment plays a crucial role. Athletes commonly suffer from tendon rips, ligament ruptures, and fractures as a result of high-intensity tasks. Orthopedic cosmetic surgeons are skilled out of commission these injuries with strategies such as arthroscopy, a minimally invasive treatment that makes use of tiny lacerations as well as specialized tools to envision and also deal with joint troubles. Motivate as well as appropriate surgical procedure can aid athletes get back on their feet as well as resume their showing off activities.
In addition to joint and sports-related surgeries, orthopedic doctors likewise deal with numerous other problems. These include spinal column problems like herniated discs and spine constriction, hand and also wrist injuries such as repetitive strain injury, foot and also ankle troubles like bunions as well as Achilles tendonitis, and pediatric orthopedic conditions like scoliosis and also clubfoot. By using their knowledge and advanced surgical methods, orthopedic specialists make every effort to enhance their people’ quality of life as well as bring back function to influenced locations.
Finally, orthopedic surgical treatment plays a considerable role in restoring mobility as well as boosting the total health of people with musculoskeletal problems. Whether it’s joint replacements, sports injuries, spine problems, or pediatric orthopedics, orthopedic doctors are knowledgeable in diagnosing and dealing with a wide range of conditions. By using innovative medical methods and customized treatment, they intend to offer their individuals with relief from discomfort as well as a chance to restore their freedom.

domain: medical


text:
Directed by Yves Geleyn
Subscribe - blinkink.co.uk/index.php#subscribe
"The 1,000,000km Courier" by Yves Geleyn celebrates a Danish courier's Hiace van, which has covered more than 1,000,000km and is still going strong. Using stop motion animation, Yves illustrates the astonishing distance covered by the pair in a painstakingly created paper landscape for a scaled down version of the van to cross.
Loading more stuff…
Hmm…it looks like things are taking a while to load. Try again?


Slashdot videos: Now with more Slashdot!
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
Ada, created at the end of the 1970s, was the first object-oriented language to become an international standard, in 1995. It is still widely used today, mainly for real-time systems in the aeronautical industry; the code is embedded in the Rafale and Mirage 2000 fighters and in the Boeing 777 airliner.


text:
Go to the main menu
Skip to content
Go to bottom
REFERENCE LINKING PLATFORM OF KOREA S&T JOURNALS
> Journal Vol & Issue
Korean Journal of Poultry Science
Journal Basic Information
Journal DOI :
The Korean Society of Poultry Science
Editor in Chief :
Volume & Issues
Volume 27, Issue 3 - Dec 2000
Volume 27, Issue 2 - Aug 2000
Volume 27, Issue 1 - Apr 2000
Selecting the target year
Effect of Crude Phytase Supplementation on Performance of Broilers Fed Different Levels of Phosphorus
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 169~179
An experiment was conducted to measure the effect of crude phytase supplementation on the growing performance, blood concentrations of some minerals and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Day-old 240 male broiler chickens (Avian) were randomly allotted to four treatments. There were six replicates per treatment, and ten chicks per replicate. Treatments consisted of two levels of crude phytase (0 and 600U/kg) made from Aspergillus ficuum and two levels of non-phytate P (0.45 and 0.35% NPP for the starter period, and 0.35 and 0.25% NPP for the grower period), making the experiment 2
2 factorial. The starter period was from hatch to 21 d of age, and grower period was from 22 to 35 d of age. Feed intake and weight gain of chicks fed diet containing phytase were higher(P〈0.05) than those of chicks fed diets without phytase, however, no differences was found in feed/gain. mortality, and nutrient availabilities regarding the phytase supplementation. Chickens fed diets with low NPP and phytase excreted lower P than did birds fed diets containing normal NPP without phytase. The level of NPP and phytase did not affect N excretion. The Ca availability was increased by feeding low NPP diet. Dietary phytase increased the availabilities of P and Mg, but decreased those of Fe and Zn. There was interactions between dietary NPP level and phytase addition on mineral availability. Tibia was lighter and shorter in low NPP groups, and heavier in phytase treated groups. The tibial contents of Ca, P and Mg decreased in low NPP treated groups, but increased in phytase treated groups. The ash content of tibia of chickens fed diet with phytase was higher than that of birds fed diets without phytase. These data suggest that the crude phytase supplementation to broiler diets containing low NPP level improves growth performance and mineral availability and, reduces fecal P excretion.
Effects of Vitamine and Mineral Supplements on the Performances of Broiler Breeder Hens
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 181~187
This work was designed to investigate the performances of broiler breeder hens upon the addition were vitamin and mineral supplements in feeds. Animals were divided into for feed groups such as control, T
, and each treatment has four replications. All broiler breeder hens were housed individually, and were fed with identical iso-metaboilic energy and iso-protein, except for vitamins and minerals. Different sources and levels of vitamins and minerals were added to the basic feeds according to the treatments. At the end of the experiments, general laying rate(hen days), average egg weight, hatching egg laying rate(Hen day) every day. Hatching egg weight, sterility, embryo mortality, hatching rate and chick weight were examined. Although, early laying rate in all treatment groups were reduced during cold term management, general egg laying rate was increased only T
group which was contanining vitamin C. However, similar results were obtained in the rates of general and hatching egg laying. General egg laying rate were somewhat higher of Control, T
groups than that of T
group. In addition, the laying rates of general and hatching eggs slightly improved in the T
group rather than those of Control group. Egg weight was reduced with the increasing of laying rate, showing the highest in the T
group. The laying rate showed significantly lower value than those of any other groups. Egg weight was about 65g in T
group. The results of hatching performance for production ability of Broiler breeder hens were fed experimental diet, although the rates of non-hatched and hatched eggs increased in order of Control, T
groups. However, the rate of embryo mortality was declined in order Control, T
Microbiological and Sensory Evaluations of Chicken Wings Treated with Acetic Acid and Trisodium Phosphate during Retail and Refrigerated Storage
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 189~195
Microbiological and sensory evaluations of chicken wings treated with acetic acid and trisodium phosphate(TSP) during retail(1
) and refrigerated storage(4
). Chicken wings(average weight of 15
2g per leg) were treated with 0.5∼2% aerobic plate counts(APC) on the surface of chicken wings for storage of 16 days at 4
. During storage of 12 days at retail store(1
), the treating chicken wings with 7.5∼10% TSP solutions for 10 min showed significantly inhibitory effect in preventing the growth of aerobic microbes. For odor and appearance scores, chicken wings treated with 0.5∼2% acetic solutions resembled untreated wings for storage of 16 days at 4
. However, both odor and appearance scores of chicken wings treated with 2.5∼10% TSP solutions were similar to those of untreated wings for storage of 4 days, and a higher in the storage of beyond 8 to 12 days at retail store.
Effects of Cricket Supplements of the Chicken Meats and Its Eggs
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 197~202
Chemical characteristics of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, were investigated in total composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and mineral components. After the treatment of 0.4% of G. bimaculatus in the chicken feed, the changes of fatty acid composition in the chicken meat and egg were also estimated. As the result, saturated fatty acid, especially palmitic acid, decreased 4% and unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic aced and arachidonic acid, increased 12 and 23%, respectively, compared with those of control. In addition, there was a small increase in Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA). The sensory test of the chicken meat resulted in increased flavor, brightness and yellow color. The sensory scores of G. bimaculatus egg in the point of taste resulted in somewhat better estimate than control. These results are appear to be stemmed from fatty acids of cricket.
Effects of Supplemention of Antibiotic, Probiotic and Yeast Culture of Performance and Meat Quality in Broiler Chicks
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 203~208
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementions of 0.1% probiotic and 0.1% yeast culture on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicks. A total of 160 Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 pens ; four pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. Feeding trial lasted for 6 weeks. The results obtained are summerized as follows : The body weight gain and feed intake was slightly higher in group of broiler chick supplemented antibiotic than those of other treatment groups, but were not significantly different among treatments. The feed conversion were slightly lower in groups of broiler chick supplemented antibiotic and probiotic than those of other treatment groups, but were not significantly different among treatments. The pH of thigh musle was slightly higher in group of broiler chick supplemented probiotic than those of other treatment groups. Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash of thigh muscle were lower in groups of broiler chick supplemented probiltic and yeast culture than those of other treatment groups, but were not significantly different among treatments. The saturated fatty acid content of the thigh muscle was tende to be higher in group of broiler chick supplemented yeast culture, but the unsaturated fatty acid content was tende to be lower in group of broiler chick supplemented yeast culture than those of other treatment groups.
The Influence of Phosvitin on the Inhibition of Iron-, and Copper-catalyzed Oxidation in Egg Oil Model System
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 209~213
Phosvitin, an iron chelating protein in egg yolk, was measured for its ability to inhibit lipid oxidation in egg oil model system. Phosvitin(75
M) could inhibit both iron(50∼150
M) and copper(5∼15
M) catalyzed oxidation of egg oil, and much more effective in the presence of iron than copper. The antioxidant activity of phosvitin in egg oil decreased with increasing temperature up to 121
. But phosvitin was relatively heat stable maintaining 79 and 73% of its antioxidant activity after being heated for 6 min at 100
and 2 min at 121
Effect of Reproductive Ability on Weeks and Body Weights of Male Broiler Breders
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 215~220
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of reproductive ability on weeks and body weights of broiler breeder males. From 26 to 36 week, volume of semen and body weight were increased. Total concentration was highest at 36 week(P〈0.05), being 21.14
10(sup)8 cells. Mean of total concentration was 14.66
10(sup)8 cells and 11.59
10(sup)8 cells in young(26∼55 weeks) and old(60∼89 weeks) broiler breeder males, respectively. Percentage of fertile eggs, viability and hatchability on weeks were 96.33, 89.55, 86.25% in the young broiler breeder males, 94.84, 91.73 and 86.97% the old broiler breeder males, respectively. The values were not significantly different between the young and old broiler breeder males. While the body weight of cocks was less than 3.5kg, it was not possible to collect semen. Semen collection rate was the best in 4.5∼5.0kg of males, total concentration was highest in 5.0∼5.5kg, volume of semen was highest in 5.5∼6.0kg body weight. More than 80% of the males were in the range of 4∼6kg body weight. Sperm motility was acceptable for breeding.
Effects of Sea Shell Supplementation on Egg Quality in Diets of Laying Hens
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 221~226
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of replacing limestone by sea shell on digestibility, egg strength and thickness, Ca and P of serum and Ca and P of tibia in layer hens. A total 54 brown layers was assigned to the treatments. There were six layers per replicate with three replicate per treatment. Treatments were layer diet with 7.5% limestone as control, 7.0% limestone and 0.5% sea shell in diet(SS0.5) and 6.5% limestone and 1.0% sea shell in diet(SS1.0). Digestibility of DM was significantly difference between SS0.5 and SS1.0(P〈0.05). Digestibilities of Ca and P were not affected by treatments(P〉0.05), however, SS1.0 tended to increase Ca and P digestibility compared to control. Egg thickness and egg strength were no differences among the treatments(P〉0.05). Differences of initial and finial period on Ca of plasma were significantly affected in the a.m. between SS0.5 and SS1.0(P〈0.05). However, there was no difference in Ca of plasma in the p.m. among the treatments and Ca of plasma in control had a tendency to decrease in the p.m. compared to that of treatments(P〉0.05). Ca of tibia was significantly increased by SS1.0 compared to control(P〈0.05). However, there was no difference in P of tibia among the treatments(P〉0.05). Based on these results, dietary supplemental sea shell mat have a role to improve the egg quality of layer hens.
Study on Characteristics of Lactobacillus Isolated from Hen′s Cecum
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 227~233
Preset study was carried out to evaluate characteristics of lactic acid producing bacteria(LAB) in hen's cecum as probiotics value. Distribution of LAB in intestinal tracts was investigated using 5∼25 weeks - old hens. So, 12 strains to LAB with different morphology were isolated purely. Acid tolerance of LAB tested at pH 1, 2, 3, and 4, and bile resistant also tested at 0, 0.3% and 0.5% bile salt concentration. Growth pattern of LAB observed to 60h. All strains of cecal LAB couldn't survive at pH 1, and decreased linearly survival colony after incubation at pH 2 although some strains could survive for 2h. Most of LAB maintained constant number at pH 3 and 4. The bacterial action could increase linearly at 0% bile salt concentration in all of tested strains. However, only one strain could multiply at 0.3% bile salt, others were influenced by bile salt. That tendency was similar at 0.5% bile salt. Growth was peaked at 12 to 18 h after innoculation. After peak, the decreasing pattern of colony was different to strains which some strains decreased rapidly or maintained for long time. The LAB of hen's cecum was similar to intolerance acidity, but different to resistant to bile salt and growth pattern by strain. So, we choose three strains which have probiocs value, and identified as Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7, Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9 and Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11.
Effect of Supplmental Lactobacillus on Laying Performance, Intestinal Microflora and Egg Quality
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 235~242
A feeding trial was carried out effect of supplemental Lactobacillus on productivity, egg quality and intestinal microflora in 320 21 weeks - old laying hens for 12 week. Supplemented Lactobacillus strains were Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7(LA), Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9(LC) and Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11(LV). Three strains mixed to basal diet which containing 2,800㎉/kg ME, 16% CP with none, LA, LC, LV, LA+LC, LA+LV, LC+LV and LC+LC+LV. Supplemental level was 10(sup)7 cfu/g diet. Egg production was tended to increase with adding Lactobacilus, but not difference significantly. Average egg weight was heavier in adding Lactobacillrs compared to the none, and heaviest in LA+LV, LC+LV(P〈0.05). In periodic observation, the gap of egg weight with adding Lactobacillus or not was severe persisting laying periods. The diet containg MC or LV was better than LA, which means the difference by Lactobacillus strains for egg weight. Daily egg mass also increased in adding Lactobacillus about 1.1 to 2.3 g/hen, but not difference significantly. Feed intake and feed conversion were not difference regardless Lactobacillus strains and laying periods. Haugh unit improved with adding Lactobacillus. Cecal Lactobacillus spp. was increased with adding Lactobacillus(P〈0.05), didn't observed E. coli depression. In summary, supplemental Lactobacillus could improve for egg production, egg weight, egg mass and egg white. And those of effect expect much beneficial with mixing Lactobacillus which established well as single strain.
Effect of Supplemental Microbial Phytase and Nonphytate Phosphorus Levels on Performance, Digestibility and Egg Quaility in Layer
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 243~254
The effect of supplemental microbial phytase and non - phytate phosphorus(NPP) levels on layer productivity and nutrient digestibility were conducted in 640 21 weeks - old HyLine brown layer for 12 weeks. Supplemented phytase levels were 0, 300, 500 and 1,000 DPU/kg diet. NPP levels were adjusted with tricalcium phosphate(TCP), which were 0(0.11% NPP), 0.5(0.20), 1.0(0.29) and 1.5%(0.38). ME, CP and Ca levels were maintained at 2,800㎉/kg diet, 16% and 3.5%, respectively. Egg production was increased with phytase compared to without phytase(P〈0.05). Increasement of egg production was higher latter of experimental period. Egg production was not different to phytase levels. Egg production in TCP levels were increased in above 0.5% compared to 0% TCP. Difference of egg production by TCP was higher after 6 week. Especially, egg production to supplemental phytase was higher in 0% TCP. Egg weight was not different to phytase and TCP levels. Egg mass was increased with phytase compared to without phytase, but not difference significantly. There was similar to phytase levels. Egg mass in TCP group was increased in TCP supplementation(P〈0.05). Feed intake was not different in phytase levels, and greater with increasing TCP levels(P〈0.05). Feed conversion was improved with phytase(P〈0.05), and not difference in TCP levels. All of nutrients digestibility tended to improve with phytase, P(P〈0.05), especially. There were not different among phytase levels. The effect of adding phytase was higher in low phosphorus diets compared normal levels. Eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness also improved in added phytase(P〈0.05). Tibial ash and P content were slightly increased with phytase, and Ca content also was higher(P〈0.05) compared without phytase. We concluded that supplemental phytase in low phosphorus diet was showed to increase laying performance, feed efficiency, nutrients digestibility, egg quality, and bone development. Phytase supplementation was able to compensate for low NPP diet. We also thought optimum phytase level is 300 DPU, and can decrease NPP supplementation adding phytase in later diet.
Morphological Study on the Mast Cells in the Ileum of Korean Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus karpowi)
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 255~258
This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and morphological properties of mast cells in the ileum of Korean pheasant. In the ileum mast cells were located in the lamina propria of mucoase. The cells were mainly oval with irregular cell surface occasionally spindle-like or triangular in shape. Some mast cells had one or more tail-like long cytoplasmic processes. All mast cells had many blue granules stained by toluidine blue in the cytoplasm.
Morphological Study on the Embryonic Development of the Pineal Recess and Follicles in the Korean Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus karpowi)
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 259~266
This study was carried out to investigate the embryonic developmental changes of the pineal gland during incubating period in the Korean pheasant. The pheasant embryos and fetuses were killed after 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 19 and 23 (hatching) days of incubation. The morphological characteristics of a pineal gland were determined in all embryos and fetuses using the whole - mount technique, light microscopy and morphometry. The time of the first apparition of the pineal anlage, as a derivative of the roof of the third ventricle, was fixed at 3 days of incubation. The pineal vesicles appeared as solid mammilliform projections, which subsequently presented a central lumen, at 4 days of incubation. The pineal parenchyma was composed of the tubular pineal recess, the lobules surrounded with septum originating from the capsule and the follicles possessed central lumen at 23 days of incubation. The length, width and area of the pineal gland were increased markedly at 9 and 15 days of incubation. These results suggest that the pineal recess has an important role in the pineal development after hatching.
Effects of Dietary Supplemental Lincomycin and Food Waste on Performance and Blood Components of Broiler Chicks
Korean Journal of Poultry Science, volume 27, issue 3, 2000, Pages 267~277
These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental lincomycin at different food waste supplements on performance and blood components of broiler chicks. Diets were based corn, soybean meal and contained 3,100㎉/kg ME, 21% CP for the rest two weeks. Three levels of dietary lincomycin(LM ; 0, 2.2, 4.4 mg/kg) and food waste(FW : 0, 7.5, 15%) were added for both experiments. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were measured for five weeks. Blood components, liver weight and abdominal fat ratio to body weight were examined at the end of experiment. Metabolizable energy of food waste used in formulating diet prior to feeding trials were measured 2,504(Expt 1) and 2,734㎉/kg(Expt 2), respectively. In Expt 1, weight gain of birds fed 4.4mg/kg LM was significantly higher than that of no LM treatment(P〈0.05). It also tended to increase in 7.5% food waste treatment compared to that of control but was not significantly different. FCR of chicks fed 2.2mg/kg LM supplement was significantly improved compared to that of other treatments. However, chicks fed food waste supplements had higher FCR than control as a dietary FW level increased(P〈0.05). There were no significance in blood components of all treatments. Liver to body weight ratio of birds fed 7.5% FW supplements decreased significantly(P〈0.05), but was no consistency in LM treatments. In Expt 2, weight gain of chicks fed 15% FW was not significantly different from the control and 7.5% FW. It tended to increase as dietary supplemental LM increased. It also increased in no LM treatment with 15% FW compared to that of control. However, the birds fed 2.2mg/kg LM with 15% FW exhibited higher weight gain than dther treatments. As FW supplement increased, the feed intake increased significantly(P〈0.05). There were no significance in blood components except serum calcium. Weights of liver were not affected by dietary FW or LM. The results of these experiments indicated that chicks fed 4.4mg/kg LM supplements maximized growth rate of all treatments and improved FCR in 2.2mg/kg LM.

domain: literature


text:
I DO NOT OWN THIS SONG.
Jimmy teases Blake Shelton about his album Texoma Shore, his bar and restaurant Ole Red and serenades Blake with his own single "I'll Name the Dogs." Subscribe
link face please follow. thanks for watching my video https://www.facebook.com/TVJolly/ Top best the voice kids 2017, Best Blind The Voice US
All rights go to Queen. I don't own any of the clips.
Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert were on hand on March 15, 2014 to help us celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the Grand Ole Opry House, which opened in 1974.
Country legend Garth Brooks joins Justin Timberlake onstage to perform "Friends In Low Places" on the 20/20 Tour! Filmed by Diane Watkins, Bridgestone Arena - 1
Take a look back from Blake Shelton early career #blakeshelton #gwenstefani #countrymusic
Via today show, sunday morning show #blakeshelton #gwenstefani #mirandalambert #dirvoced
Music video by Thomas Rhett, Maren Morris performing Craving You (Live From CMA Fest). http://vevo.ly/f7yIYt
I don't own rights to any of this.
Blake Shelton "I Lived It" Live @ Wells Fargo Center Philadelphia, Pa March 17, 2018 during the last show of The Country Music Freaks Show with Trace Adkins, Br
#blakeshelton #keithurban #thevoice
Audio is taken from the original music video(https://youtu.be/i_nLsG_asQg) Forgive any spelling errors if there is any. Songwriters: Ashley Gorley / Ben Hayslip
Adam Levine coaches Kelly Clarkson on how to try and take a country artist from Blake Shelton, leaving the Brooks & Dunn's "She Used to Be Mine" singer with a h
No copyright infringement intended. !
Blake's album "Texoma Shore" is available NOW: https://BlakeShelton.lnk.to/texomashore See Blake on the road! Tickets on sale now. Visit http://www.blakeshel
Blake Shelton shares with Access why he wanted Keith Urban to help his team as an advisor in the new season of "The Voice." Plus, wait until you hear the 3 word
I own nothing!!!! I freaking love this its hilarious(:
Blake Shelton Kicks off CMA Fest at New Nashville Bar Ole Red - 0:23 Rascal Flatts, Dan + Shay & Carly Pearce Talk Touring - 0:54 Brett Young Talks the Making o
Florida Georgia Line and Bebe Rexha sing "Meant to Be" live at Nissan Stadium live during CMA Fest. June 10, 2018. Nashville, Tennessee.
Carrie Underwood visits the Bobby Bones Show studio on her album release day of "Cry Pretty". She goes through songs on the album and shares a few stories from
Blake Shelton - "I Lived It" (Official Music Video) | REACTION! ORIGINAL VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_nLsG_asQg We are bringing something new to t
#blakeshelton #gwenstefani #countrymusic
Subscribe: http://countrymu.sc/youtube About CMA: CMA is dedicated to bringing the poetry and emotion of Country Music to the world. We will continue the trad
Blake Shelton performs I Lived It on Jimmy Kimmel Live Coolio Helps White People Pronounce Hip-Hop Words https://youtu.be/dFALWzAejFM SUBSCRIBE to get the la
Unofficial music video by Christina Aguilera & Blake Shelton performing "Just A Fool". (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment *Edited by
Season 15 of The Voice is coming soon and Jojo got the chance to catch up with coaches Blake Shelton & Jennifer Hudson #TheVoice #BlakeShelton #JenniferHudso
Music video by Blake Shelton performing Every Time I Hear That Song (Live From CMA Fest). http://vevo.ly/WjdcDS
Blake Shelton - "I'll Name The Dogs" (Official Music Video) NEW ALBUM "Texoma Shore" available NOW: https://BlakeShelton.lnk.to/texomashore Get your Blake Sh


text:
If you love the salt lamp’s glow so much you can’t possibly imagine getting only one this living space offers a great idea for incorporating several salt lamps into the space while still leaving it open and breathable!
Living room is the space that usually holds the majority of the home’s decorative lighting. However subtle a salt lamp can become a very important part of the interior. Its decorative value will not be overlooked when the orange glow welcomes you every time you step into the room.
If you ever came across a you have surely noticed their special energy and unique light. They are said to have many positive effects and are often seen as almost spiritual. Made from a large salt crystal even if you don’t need a lamp with alleged “superpowers” the pink look of the salt crystal that glows in bright orange when it’s lit up is a special decor piece for any room of the house. Do salt lamps appeal to you but you’re not sure how they would work with your home’s interior? Let us walk you through some creative ideas of incorporating into your decor!
And at the heart of every illuminated modern kitchen are which combine convenience with energy-saving credentials and pulsating brilliance. Versatile and incredibly ‘in trend’ LED strip lighting is definitely one of the must-haves of 2017 kitchen and we here to show you how!
When it comes to super-flexible pendant fixtures the AIM Suspension Light undoubtedly tops the list with sheer versatility. The uncanny design of AIM is essentially simple industrial and puts the focus firmly on ergonomics above aesthetics.
Strip lights also allow you to illuminate each individual floating shelf and even the lowest of them all is perfectly lit eliminating any prospect of ugly shadows. Whether you are displaying fancy china or just fashioning a beautiful backdrop LED strip lights and open kitchen shelves is a match made in design haven!


text:
A set of 9 fluffy stylized tree models. Includes three unique leaf textures as well as three trunk texture variations. All models include 1024, 2048, and 4096 texture maps.
- Includes 9 total models, 3 of each unique leaf and trunk texture.
- PBR Materials. Both the leaves and trunk textures include Base Color, AO, Roughness, Normal, and an optional ORM channel-packed map. Leaf textures include an additional opacity map
- Animated Leaves. The .blend file includes an optional geometry node setup to create a unique wind effect for each set of trees
- 1024, 2048, and 4096 texture maps included.
- Trunks are made using tiling textures created in Substance Designer. Leaf textures were uniquely sculpted and baked before being hand-painted
- Files Included: .blend file, .fbx, and texture maps (.tga format)
- Renders were made using Unreal Engine 5 as well as the Cycles render engine in Blender.
- The .blend file is packed with 2048 texture maps.
|Dev Fund Contributor|
|Published||2 months ago|
|Blender Version||3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6|
|Misc Data||uvs-unwrapped, animated, normal-mapped, textured|
Have questions before purchasing?
Contact the Creator with your questions right now.Login to Message

domain: game


Tools spur ECU CAN/LIN communications Design How-To 4/22/2011 Post a comment With the increasing use of in-vehicle networks, the development of automotive electronic control units must not only consider the software requirement, but also the implementation of the embedded software via a data bus such as CAN or LIN.
Kinect, Thunderbolt SDKs coming soon News & Analysis 4/13/2011 6 comments Software developer's kits are due before the end of June both for Intel's Thunderbolt high-speed interconnect and Microsoft's Kinect motion-sensing interface.
Battle-hardened veterans of the electronics industry have heard of the “connected car” so often that they assume it’s a done deal. But do we really know what it takes to get a car connected and what its future entails? Join EE Times editor Junko Yoshida as she moderates a panel of movers and shakers in the connected car business. Executives from Cisco, Siemens and NXP will share ideas, plans and hopes for connected cars and their future. After the first 30 minutes of the radio show, our listeners will have the opportunity to ask questions via live online chat.