|Número de publicación||US5384862 A|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 08/047,261|
|Fecha de publicación||24 Ene 1995|
|Fecha de presentación||13 Abr 1993|
|Fecha de prioridad||29 May 1992|
|También publicado como||US5740267, WO1993024899A1|
|Número de publicación||047261, 08047261, US 5384862 A, US 5384862A, US-A-5384862, US5384862 A, US5384862A|
|Inventores||Scott J. Echerer, Stephen R. McNeill|
|Cesionario original||Cimpiter Corporation|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (10), Citada por (54), Clasificaciones (14), Eventos legales (7)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/891,406 filed May 29, 1992 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,272,760.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the evaluation of radiographic images. More particularly, the present invention relates to creation of X-ray images from X-ray radiographs, processing these X-ray images, and image storage.
2. Discussion of Background
A radiographic image is a photograph made with visible or infrared light, including X-ray photographs, thermographs or any radiographs made using forms of penetrating or reflected radiation directed through or reflected from a body or object having features, internal or external, not readily discernible from the exterior. The purpose of radiographic photography is to ascertain information about the features of or within that body. Examples of the types of features shown in radiographic photographs such as dental, chiropractic, orthopedic and industrial X-rays include bone, vertebrae and tooth structure, and weldments. A radiograph is evaluated by using it to extract information about such features for analysis, diagnosis, prognosis, or certification. Typically, an X-ray is evaluated by drawing lines on it with a pencil and ruler to determine the relationships among the various features it contains.
X-ray and other radiation sources have been in widespread use in a variety of medical and industrial applications for creating images on photographic film. In the past few years, several apparatuses have been developed for creating an image of the X-ray film so that they may be displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT). Typically, the X-ray is scanned to produce an analog, serial signal that is fed to the CRT for display through a television-type raster pattern. The image may be processed to improve brightness and contrast; it may be placed side-by-side with another image, such as a patient's previous X-ray or an X-ray of a weld joint of known quality, for visual comparison.
Recent examples of X-ray or radiation evaluation or diagnostic apparatus are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,086,392 issued to Nakajima, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,768 issued to Shigyo, et al, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,369 issued to Nishiki. Nakajima's device scans and compares two images in the diagnosis of radiographs. Shigyo, et al. read and process radiographs, looking for and responding to detected faults in the image. Nishiki's apparatus relates to forming a better CRT image by removing the off-set signal that occurs when no radiation is being received from the signal when the radiation signal is being received.
However, there remains a need for a system for evaluating radiographs that is useful to dentists, chiropractors and other medical and industrial professionals for relatively routine X-ray photographs depicting the orientation of bones, teeth, internal characteristics of welds, and other distinct features where geometric considerations-important to the evaluation of the X-ray can be handled automatically.
According to its major aspects and broadly stated, the present invention is a method and apparatus for evaluating radiographic images. The apparatus comprises, in a preferred embodiment, (1) a device for reading a radiograph and generating a series of binary-coded values that represent the relative transparency or brightness of each segment of the photograph, such as a scanner or video camera; (2) a central processing unit for, among other things, creating a CRT-displayable image from the series of binary-coded values; (3) a high resolution monitor for displaying the image; (4) memory capability for storing the image, enhancements to the image, reference images and patterns useful in image processing; and (5) peripheral devices such as printers, modems and user interface devices for direction and control of the system and for transferring input to and output from the system.
In the method, the radiograph is defined as being made up of a matrix of segments which are scanned in order to derive a series of binary values representing the relative transparency or brightness of each portion or segment of the photograph. The series of binary values is converted to a bitmap for producing a CRT (cathode ray tube)-displayable image by assigning each binary value to a pixel of the CRT and decoding the value to produce an analog value of relative intensity for that pixel. This image is a replica of the radiograph and, together with identification information affixed to it, is stored in memory. Changes to the stored bitmap image are inhibited in order to preserve the integrity of the map. The image may then be enhanced by increasing the brightness and contrast to make the features more discemible. These enhancements are stored separately from the unenhanced image.
The enhanced image is displayed on a CRT that is preferably a monitor having as high a number of pixels per line and as high a number of lines as is economically available, a so-called "high resolution" monitor, but at least one having more than 1000 pixels per line and 1000 lines. The individual features of the image, are marked to highlight them. The boundaries or edges of features may be detected by using algorithms to find the "edge" of the feature and "marking" it with a "point" on the CRT monitor. Points are connected to form lines; angles between intersecting lines and distances between points can be calculated. In these efforts, the user is assisted by prompting and by mathematical calculations from the CPU to the extent desired. In addition to calculating angles and distances, the CPU stores reference images and patterns for comparison to the particular image scanned in and pathways for routine diagnoses. Further, if desired, a portion of that image displayed can be selected for expansion, or "zooming-in," for display over the full monitor screen. The results of the evaluation are stored and, together with a copy of the enhanced image, can be printed in the form of a report.
Alternatively, a video camera can focus on a back-lighted radiograph to produce a digital image output for real-time display on a CRT (cathode ray robe) monitor. The radiograph can be oriented in the field of focus so that the monitor is displaying the desired part of the image and then that part can be captured digitally for interpretation by the central processing unit.
There are several important, individual features of the present invention. However, all the elements of the invention combine to provide a system for evaluating radiographic images that can serve as a powerful tool for medical and industrial professionals. The system produces high-quality, accurate images of the features of an image for record-keeping, evaluation and report preparation. These images are reproducible and may be transmitted over telephone lines via a modem. The image may be incorporated into a report along with the results of calculations done using the image. These types of reports are useful as a matter of good practice for health care professionals and are also useful in legal defense, insurance reimbursement justification and in patient education.
The preparation of the bitmap is an important feature of the present invention. The bitmap is a correspondence of the binary value of each segment of the original photograph and each pixel on the CRT. Each value relates to the relative transparency of the original radiation photograph. In a preferred embodiment, over 200 shades of gray can be used to represent the X-ray photograph, many more than the 65 shades detectable by the human eye. Therefore, subtleties can be highlighted that might otherwise go completely undetected.
The enhancement techniques are another important feature of the present invention. In addition to increasing brightness and contrast, there is a histogram equalization module that allows portions of the image to be selected and other portions, those with areas that are substantially and uniformly transparent or opaque, and lacking in features or useful information to be disregarded, in determining relative transparency. The de-selected portion would otherwise bias the assignment of the gray scale when performing enhancements. By selecting only the portion of interest, the gray scale can be applied so as to enhance the existing information and make features more readily discernible.
CPU assistance in the evaluation of the image is another important feature of the present invention. As described above, them are CPU based tools for identifying and marking features of the image and making certain calculations related to the image and for prompting these calculations for routine diagnostic paths. In addition to convenience and speed in the evaluation, this feature performs the particular functions desired in a more repeatable, objective, accurate manner and eliminates common sources of error.
Another feature of the present invention is the separate storage of enhancements and the unenhanced binary values. Further, the values are stored in such a way that changes to the values are inhibited to preserve their integrity.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a careful reading of the Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment presented below and accompanied by the drawings.
In the drawings,
FIG. 1 is a schematic of an apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c show parts or a flow chart or the processing or an image according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a monitor and an alternative digital imaging device, namely a video camera linked to the monitor by a cable.
The present invention is an apparatus and a method that is interposed between a radiograph and a user who wants to extract information from that radiograph. The apparatus helps to extract that information by creating an accurate image or replica from the radiograph and performing certain operations on it to enhance it and to analyze it so that the information it contains can be readily discerned, diagnosed and, in general, evaluated by the user.
A radiograph includes an X-ray or transparency, a photographic negative or positive, a gamma scan and any other image deposited in a fixed form onto a sheet of paper or polymer film and made by directing electromagnetic radiation onto and through a body or reflecting light from a body, with the transmitted or reflected radiation falling on a target or sensing device which makes a replica of the image. For penetrating radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays, the body is, preferably, one that has internal features not visible from the exterior but, through the use of penetrating radiation, can be made visible on the photograph. Furthermore, the radiograph contains an image having shades or relative degrees of transparency, ranging from completely transparent to completely opaque. Alternatively, if the photograph is not a transparency but, say, a photograph of reflected light, it will be appreciated that the photograph can have shades ranging from white to black or a full range of colors.
The present invention will be described in a preferred embodiment for use with chiropractic X-rays. However, it will be clear that the same method and apparatus, with some modifications readily performed by those of ordinary skill in their respective arts, can be applied to dental and orthopedic X-rays and weld X-rays and gamma scans, thermoscans, infrared scans and photographs, and many other types of radiographs.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated schematically a preferred embodiment of the present invention, generally indicated by the reference numeral 10. Apparatus 10 comprises a set of components linked electronically and driven by a central processing unit (CPU) 20. Several of these components are specifically selected for the particular apparatus; the remainder are generic and in some cases optional.
A scanner 24 is provided as part of the apparatus that is capable of "reading in" the radiographic image. In particular, scanner 24 divides the photograph into a matrix of segments, determines the relative transparency or brightness of each segment, codes that segment's relative transparency into a binary value and places these values for the segments in a series for transmission to the CPU. The smaller the segments and the finer the gradations of transparency, the more information will be transmitted. Preferably, an eight-bit value will provide sufficient gradations for over 200 shades of "gray" (or, alternatively, over 200 colors), far more than the approximately 65 shades detectable by the human eye.
A correspondence is made between the number of segments assigned to each pixel of a monitor 28. Once the correspondence between segments and pixels is set, the number of segments per inch determines the size of the image on monitor 28. If the correspondence is one-to-one, one segment to one pixel, the image will be larger than if the correspondence is, say four-to-one. The monitor should have at least 1000 pixels per horizontal line and 1000 lines for good resolution. However, a monitor with even more lines, preferably as many as technology and economics permits, is preferred.
The number of segments of scanner 24 is made to correspond to the number of pixels so that the image of the photograph can be mapped to the monitor screen by the creation of a bitmap. A bitmap is a correspondence of each segment to a location on the monitor. The value of the relative transparency on the gray scale is made to correspond to a relative intensity of light directed to the monitor screen. Since a number of sensors in the scanner (segments) per inch corresponds to a number of pixels per line, the more sensitive the scanner and the more pixels the monitor has, the more accurate the image produced.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, an alternative to scanner 24, a digital imaging device 22, such as a video camera 26 mounted over a light box 29, may be used to "read in" the radiographic image. The scale of the radiographic image may be adjusted by changing the position of video camera 26 on a stand 30 or by using a "zoom" feature of the camera lens. The digital output of video camera 26, which includes the image and scale information, is carried by a cable 31 from video camera 26 directly to CPU 20 and monitor 28. The radiograph is placed on light box 29 or other means for illuminating the radiograph. Then video camera 26 is focused on all or a portion of the radiograph, as desired, and the image is immediately displayed on monitor 28. The scale of the image is related to the position of video camera 26.
For radiographic imaging techniques that produce a digital output, such as certain types of CAT scans, no "read in" device is necessary. In such a case, the digital imaging information produced by the scanning equipment is fed directly into CPU 20.
Connected to CPU 20, typically co-located, is sufficient memory for storing data. Initially, the bitmap is stored in a first location. Moreover, programing in CPU 20 inhibits any changes to the bitmap in order to preserve its integrity. However, programing of CPU 20 enables certain enhancements to be made to the bitmap but these are stored separately so that the enhanced and unenhanced bitmap can be displayed on monitor 28. A description of the enhancements possible will be presented below.
When digital imaging device 22, as shown in FIG. 4, is used to display an image of the radiograph on monitor 28, CPU 20 can "freeze" or "lock-in" the digital representation of the displayed image in a memory location, storing the image in digital form. Thereafter, enhancements can be made in the ordinary manner to the stored "bitmap" information.
CPU 20 is connected to typical user interface devices: a keyboard 32 and a mouse 36, for example, or other devices that enable the user to direct the efforts of CPU 20 and respond to prompts programmed into CPU 20. For transmitting information into CPU 20 or from a CPU from another system, a printer 40 and a modem 44 are also provided. Printer 40 is preferably a high quality laser printer in order to print a high quality copy of the image as well as produce reports containing the evaluation of the radiograph and a copy of the image itself. Modem 44 might be used for sending or receiving a series of binary values of a radiation photograph or a report in communication with another user. Modem 44, printer 40, scanner 24 may be controlled by a control panel 48 on apparatus 10.
CPU 20 is also programmed for "dithering" an image output to printer 40. Dithering is a standard technique for convening a pixel characterized by a shade of gray to an arrangement of black dots produced by a printer that have roughly the same effect on a human eye as the shade of gray. The printer may be capable of, say, 300 dots per inch or, perhaps four or five dots per pixel horizontally and four or five vertically. Thus, a matrix of up to 16 to 25 black dots, in various arrangements can be used to represent a large number of shades. If every other location of this matrix has a dot, for example, the overall effect is a medium shade of gray. The printer is thus able to produce a reasonable facsimile of the radiographic image and CRT-displayable image.
FIG. 2 depicts a flow chart of the overall method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. From either a scanner, a modem, or a disk on which an image has been stored, a series of binary values is received and convened to a bitmap. Identifying information is affixed to the received image. The affixed information includes: the patient's name and number, the name of the doctor assigned to the case, the doctor's identification number, the date of the X-ray, and perhaps the X-ray description. The bitmap is stored in such a way that changes are inhibited and then displayed on a high resolution monitor. The image displayed is processed in a manner to be described in more detail presently. However, the processing enhances the image displayed and extracts information from the image as a result of an interchange of instructions and responses between CPU and user. The enhancements and information are stored in a second memory location, separate from the bitmap. A report is prepared using the information and the image together with its enhancements and/or without them; the report is stored in a third memory location and also printed on the laser printer or possibly transmitted by modem to a remote user.
FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c contain a flow chart of the processing of a radiograph in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Where a single reference number identifies locations on more than one figure, those locations are the same and indicate a continuation of the chart from one figure to the next. Reference numbers 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, and 74 identify such continuations. When the user is a chiropractic professional, he or she may have stored in memory one or more reference X-rays for comparison to the one to be scanned into the CPU. A reference X-ray is an X-ray of a patient that illustrates the presence or absence of a condition, such as scoliosis. The reference will not have a patient's name associated with it but will simply serve as an example of a person with or without the condition for comparison to the X-ray of interest to help the medical professional determine if the condition is indicated by the X-ray of interest.
Also, there are certain standard analyses undertaken by chiropractors of X-ray images than are programmed so that the CPU undertakes to prompt the user for any input it needs to proceed with the analysis and input it may need along the radiographic image processing path. Furthermore, the CPU performs calculations related to distances between features of the spinal column, angles between features and alignments that can be compared to established, CPU-stored patterns and to reference X-rays. These include base lines, Cobb's angle, scoliosis, sacral angle, anterior/posterior stress lines, Atlas angle, curve angle, Furguson's angle, George's line, Jackson's angle, anterior curve, posterior curve, spondylo and stress lines, all of which are familiar to chiropractic professionals.
If the processing of the image is to be done in an automatic mode, the user needs to identify from menus (1) the content of the X-ray: cervical, thoracic, or lumbar; (2) the orientation of the X-ray: anterior/posterior or lateral; and (3) the type of injury using standard medical and insurance codes. However, in the manual mode, flexibility is provided when different body aspects are the subject of the X-ray and different views are shown. The aspect and view is entered to properly label the image that will appear in the report.
If the analysis is non-standard or if, for other reasons, the user wishes to proceed manually rather than automatically, he elects to do so at the beginning of the evaluation (FIG. 3a). If the mode is manual, the type of image operation is then selected from a menu that includes "zoom", "brightness", "contrast", "histogram equalization", "draw lines", "measure angles", "measure distances", "edge enhancement", "pattern detect", "delete calculation (any from list)", "delete all calculations made so far", or "save calculations."
The "zoom" selection enables the user to select a portion of the image and expand that portion to the entire monitor so that the image of that portion is made larger. The CPU prompts for the amount of "zoom", or magnification, and the area of interest. These are stored in memory for further use. The zooming technique is a well-known numerical technique in other computer applications that enables closer examination of an area in question in the image of the X-ray and is performed by manipulating the bitmap. When the image is expanded, it occupies the full monitor screen but the bitmap does not have any more information than before.
When using video camera 26 to obtain a digital representation of the radiographic image, "zoom" may be achieved by moving video camera 26 closer to the illuminated radiograph or by using a "zoom" function of the camera lens. If this is done, programming in CPU 20 must compensate for this change in scale by making necessary adjustment calculations. After a particular radiograph image is "locked in" and stored in a memory location, the image can be recalled from memory onto monitor 28 and "zoom" would then be performed in the usual manner, that is, as if the image were scanned in and converted to a bitmap.
"Brightness" and "contrast" are enhancements that are made to the bitmap to make it easier to discern the image and its features. Brightness is an operation on the binary values by which a fixed amount is added or subtracted to the values. Contrast is an operation where each value is multiplied by a fixed value, depending on the degree of contrast desired.
Histogram equalization is another enhancement technique applied to the bitmap. Them are frequently areas of an X-ray that are substantially transparent or substantially opaque, and are, in fact essentially devoid of features or useful information. However, slight variations in the transparency of segments in these areas will affect the gray scale. Therefore, by enabling the user to select portions of the image that are of interest and thereby de-selecting portions that are not of interest because they are transparent or opaque, the gray scale is applied to only the selected portion and thus the bitmap will contain more information--the number of shades of gray will be spread over the less transparent and less opaque areas.
Analysis of a chiropractic X-ray begins with the identification of the features--vertebrae, for example--and, in particular, points on these features. The relationship of these features, as indicated by the distance from a point on one to a point on another and the angle and alignment of features tells the user something about the condition of the individual whose X-ray was taken. The CPU and the interface equipment--mouse, keyboard, monitor--enable the user to identify the points, mark and connect points with lines that overlay the image. "Marking" the image means to have sub-images assigned to the same locations or series of locations so that, on the face of the monitor, them appears to be a "dot" overlaying the location of a point of interest that has been identified, or a "line" connecting two "dots". Internal to CPU 20, the locations of these points are recorded for use but no modification of the binary-coded values takes place. In fact, the enhancements are performed using the binary-coded values and not with the CRT-displayable image. The CPU, instructed by the user, calculates distances and angles from the points and lines overlaying the image.
The CPU contains algorithms for detecting the edge of a feature. Essentially, the edge detection approach is a standard one that looks for a sudden change in intensity from one segment to the next. When a feature is somewhat rounded rather than sharp, its edge as it appears on the radiographic image will fade from lighter to darker as the radiation incident on it is scatted more and more to the side rather than backward. Thus, the locating of the edge becomes a relatively arbitrary decision and depends on selection criteria and sensitivity: the degree of change in intensity from one segment to the next that defines an edge. However, once the criteria are selected, the detection of edges becomes objective and impartial, no longer dependent on the user. Therefore, consistency from X-ray to X-ray and user to user is achieved, resulting in more uniform evaluations. The use of edge detection technique rather than the current pencil-and-ruler technique can reduce errors.
A library of patterns for the features can be stored in the memory for use in evaluating the features. The patterns includes reference images of another individual, whose identity is not disclosed and whose X-rays are available for comparison to the current X-ray to determine if a condition is present or absent, and if the individual is healthy or unhealthy. The patterns are stored in various magnifications to combine pattern recognition with the zoom feature.
The calculations and the marks on the image may be saved or not saved, or a portion of them deleted. The calculations are saved in temporary memory for a preselected amount of time, preferably a week; after that they are saved permanently and changes are inhibited to assure the integrity of the calculations.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and substitutions can be made to the preferred embodiment herein described without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
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|Clasificación cooperativa||G06T5/40, G06T2207/30004, G06T5/009, G06T2207/10116, G06T7/60, G06T7/0012|
|Clasificación europea||G06T5/50, G06T7/60, G06T5/40|
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text:
Kincardine & Deeside Befriending is striving to beat loneliness, with the help of just over 100 volunteer spending time with elderly.
This year’s Befriending Week is the first week in November, and K&D Befriending is using this opportunity to promote what they do and to raise awareness of the impact volunteer befrienders have on the lives of the people they support.
Brigitte Matthews Senior Co-ordinator at Kincardine and Deeside Befriending said: “Loneliness costs lives. It is linked to a range of chronic conditions, including high blood pressure and depression, and more than doubles the risk of developing dementia.
“On average, 10% of the population aged over 65 is chronically lonely.”
The group ran a pilot which ended earlier this year where 20 people were helped to live independently.
The pilot was funded from the Aberdeenshire Change Fund to run a Befriending at Hospital project in Kincardine and Glen O’Dee Community Hospital for two years .
The project matched older patients in the hospitals who are ready to be discharged, but have few social networks and lacked confidence to return home, with a volunteer befriender.
The group are inviting residents along to their jumble sale they are holding onSaturday October 31 from 10am – 12noon in the Stonehaven Town Hall.
Anyone across Kincardine and Deeside who wants to find out more about the work by K&D Befrienders can contact the organisation on 01569 765714.

domain: health


text: Although Spring has just arrived, we are definitely counting the days until the first day of summer! But, until then, we are dreaming of warmer travels, summer, and the gorgeous blue sea with this stunning beach soiree provided by Randi Marie Photography, who was inspired by destination weddings in exotic far away lands. But, more than our love of summer we love, love, love the eclectic, whimsical coastal details of seashells, grass table runners, and delicate china that make up this beach bungalow soiree. But, nothing ties in a summer soiree more than touches of gold, turquoise, and a dash of sparkle! So, why don’t you sit and enjoy a little summer with us, we know you’ll love it!

domain: artistic


text:
Looks like an affair of more than the heart may be heating up.
Finally free of the ol' ball and chain Cynthia Rodriguez, and with plenty of time to kill this October, New York Yankees slugger Alex Rodriguez was spotted enjoying a cozy dinner for two at Dos Caminos 3rd Avenue Tuesday - with Madonna!
They pair ate at an alcove-like table in the back.
Alex Rodriguez, who has donated money to her charity Raising Malawi, has yet to discuss the extent of his relationship with the pop superstar.
He and Cynthia Rodriguez settled their divorce in September. Cynthia's lawyer, in her filing, accused A-Rod "affair of the heart" with Madonna.
Madonna may be the first to take it off for Alex Rodriguez without being impressed by money - she's even richer than baseball's highest-paid choke-artist player!
Not that A-Rod wasn't linked to any flesh-related infidelity. He was caught in Toronto with manly stripper Joslyn Noel Morse, definitely railed Boston stripper Candice Houlihan, and was also linked to fitness model Alicia Marie.
Whatever it consisted of, Alex Rodriguez's relationship with Madonna - the Rod had been paying late night visits to her apartment, including just hours after his baby daughter was born this year - seemed to be the nail in the coffin.
"He [said] he was in love her," a friend of A-Rod recalled earlier this year. "He said, 'She's my f*%king soulmate, dude.'"

domain: celebrity


text:
The use of prebiotics could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.
The gut microbiota plays an essential role in intestinal immunity. Prebiotics, including galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), are fermentable fibers that beneficially affect the host by stimulating the growth of specific microbial populations.
The effect of GOS on colitis development and on immune variables in Smad3-deficient mice treated with the pathogen Helicobacter hepaticus. Mice were supplemented daily with 5000 mg GOS/kg body weight 2 wk prior to infection and 4 wk post-infection, a time period at which colitis severity peaks in this model. Mice (n = 4–8/treatments at each time) were killed pre-infection (0 d) and at 3, 7, and 28 d post-infection to evaluate immune variables in the spleen and in mesenteric lymph nodes (MsLN) by flow cytometry.
Colon and cecum samples were collected for histopathologic analysis. Fecal pellets (n = 8–9/treatments) were collected prior to infection to measure relative changes in Bifidobacterium ssp. and Lactobacillus ssp. by real-time PCR. GOS significantly reduced colitis severity in response to H. hepaticus (P, 0.0001). This was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of NK cells in the spleen (P , 0.001) and in MsLN (P , 0.001) at 3 d post-infection and a 1.5-fold increase in fecal Bifidobacterium ssp. (P = 0.003).
GOS stimulated NK expression of CCR9, a chemokine receptor involved in lymphocyte trafficking to the gut pre-infection (0 d) in the blood (P = 0.02), spleen (P = 0.033), and MsLN (P = 0.017). In addition, GOS stimulated colonic IL-15 production 3 d post-infection (P, 0.001).
These data suggest that GOS reduces colitis by modulating the function and trafficking of NK cells and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.
Source: J. Nutr. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.154732.


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Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight is set to return with five short films that will be broadcast exclusively on Facebook in 2015.
Together with the Woman in Film organization, Lionsgate will select five female directors to make their very own short based on the characters from Twilight. They will guided and mentored by a panel of experts, which includes actress Kristen Stewart, Kate Winslet, Octavia Spencer, Julie Bowen, producer Cathy Schulman, Twilight director Catherine Hardwicke, Frozen co-director Jennifer Lee and Stephenie Meyer.
“The female voice is something that has become more and more important to me as I’ve worked in the film industry,” said Meyer. “I’m honoured to be working with Women in Film, Lionsgate and Facebook on a project dedicated to giving more women a chance to be heard creatively.”
Unfortunately, none of the short films will be featuring the original cast – which includes Robert Pattinson. So that means no Team Jacob and no Team Edward.

domain: news


Would like to see the trike setup and the mods you’ve done to attach it.
There can be a bit of a steep dropoff at the lower end of the battery and we need to get a little smarter about accurately displaying that. Hope to get some more controller updates out soon.
I will make a video later today and post it. Yeah it would really help it it was something letting you know how much time you had left or something I’m not for sure that’s the right answer or not but it was frightening how fast it went from 15% to battery dead less than 2 minutes for sure
the efficiency drops when discharging 21700 because the voltage drops very sharply at the end. therefore it is normal if the calculated values show the capacity.
I’ve been doing it since 2015 so that the capacity that is actually taken is displayed as 100%. that means with a 4 kw / h battery it is around 3.6 kw / h available. the difference is lost as heat or partially returns after the battery has cooled down. it can be set very easily by a few test runs. the correct value should match the battery.
after 1-2 years you have to adjust it again because the 100% is then only around 3.4 or 3.5 kW / h. the higher the load on the battery, the greater the difference.
that’s why i set thermik light concepts differently than eppg-power or heavy e-trike systems.
there is then the possibility with a special algorithm that redefines the internal resistance every 1 second to precisely determine the consumption values and the ACTUAL state of the state off charge.
that makes sense if you, for example. wants to make record flights and wants to use his distance as much as possible.
for standard the above described is completely sufficient.
Yes the best thing to look at is the kwh used displayed on the controller. That shows the capacity used. Also you can take a look at the voltage also, when i see 70-72v I know that I should be prepping to land. Right now the percentage is based only on the voltage for now, the next update will combine the power consumed with the voltage to show a true % remaining.
I have been flying RC drones for years and I have FCs that calculate the flight time remaining based off the capacity and amp draw. I’m in the second batch so I don’t have first hand knowledge but does the throttle body contain a RC flight controller board? If so, I’m sure the flight time estimate could be possible and adding a feature where the battery voltage display blinks at a set voltage level with the controller vibration would be nice.
The throttle body is a complete programmable micro controller for which the source is available on GitHub. How are your coding skills?
Good to know thanks. I don’t have any coding skills, hopefully someone who does can take a stab at the mod.


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People talk about games all the time, but I don't see people talking about their interfaces very often. Maybe I'm just weird, but when I see a new game I tend to think "what does the menus look like?" and the menus of a game is something that is rarely shown before release.
Let's talk about some game menus, shall we?
These are the main menus of Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Mario Kart Wii:
As you can see, these two games have very different menus. Brawl focuses on game modes and Mario Kart Wii focuses on the amount of players.
People familiar with Brawl will know that with the exception of Tourney and Rotation, the modes found within the Group option is actually playable with just a single player. Likewise most modes found within Solo can be played with two players. In all cases, the amount of players can be changed in between matches without leaving the character select screen. Also of note is that the Vault, Options and Data menu items, while smaller than Group, Solo and Nintendo WFC are still pretty big, even though the buttons do not lead to gameplay (with the exception of the coin launcher minigame found within the vault).
Offhand, the only complaint that I have with the menus in Brawl is that GameCube controllers are always assigned to the player slot corresponding to the port they're connected to and no Wii controller can use this spot without unplugging the controller.
Mario Kart Wii, on the other hand, has single and multiplayer strictly seperated. It even has the number of players in multiplayer seperated. This means that if the amount of players change, you have to back out all the way to the main menu. If you're playing online with one local player and wish to switch to two local players (or vice versa), you have to disconnect from Nintendo WFC completely and then reconnect again.
Let's talk about something not Nintendo now: Valve makes some absolutely fantastic games, but I must admit to hating the window based interface used in all their recent games. Originally, your friends list was accessed through the game menu and the window based interface allowed for having multiple chats going at once. However, the ingame friends list and chat has been replaced by the Steam overlay, so the window based interface is no longer needed for the ingame menu. I don't see any benefit from the ability of having the server browser, achievement list and options open all at once.
Even if your interface isn't that great, I still say that consistency should be maintained, something that haven't been done in Team Fortress 2 with the weapon loadout/stats screen taking up the entire screen.
A game whose menus I've heard complaints about is Unreal Tournament 3, which certainly is easier to navigate with the keyboard than the mouse.
A thing that is horrible in all PC games is if the keyboard can't be used for text input. Granted, this doesn't happen that often, but there certainly are examples of bad ports of console games that features this. Examples I can name offhand are Rayman 2 and 3. When naming your save file in those games, you can't just type it, but have to use decidedly console-ish text input.
So, let's all talk about game interfaces. I've mostly talked about menus, but we could also have it include stuff like HUDs.

domain: hobby


text:
The Undaunted series continues with this two-player deck-building game of tactical combat, pitting the raiders of Britain's Long Range Desert Group against Italian forces in the North African Theater of World War II
The North African campaign has begun. Take control of the British Army's Long Range Desert Group and operate behind enemy lines or command the formidable Italian forces opposing them. In Undaunted: North Africa, a sequel to Undaunted: Normandy, players once again lead their sides through a varied series of missions. As casualties mount, wounded soldiers leave the players' decks, forcing them to adapt in the face of changing tactical circumstances. Use your cards to strengthen your forces, deploy vehicles to advance rapidly across the battlefield, and seize the initiative as you determine the outcome of the North African Theater.
The game puts players in command of either the Long Range Desert Group, a reconnaissance and covert operations unit of the British Army, or a unit of the conventional Italian army. Each player will have to use their forces and the landscape to their advantage as they strive to claim, hold, or destroy key objectives over a series of missions.


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This pendant is gorgeous. The stone catches the light and you can see different colors depending on which angle you look at it. The copper colored wire that wraps the pendant is a beautiful complement to the stone's hues. This pendant comes with a basic cord with clasp but you can easily put it on your own cord or chain if you prefer. This pendant is definitely one of my new favorites.
I got this necklace for my daughter and she loved it. This necklace is not heavy at all !! Its quality is great and the price is very reasonable.
My husband bought this for me as a gift
It is AMAZING!!! So much blue flash 💜
True to picture. Very beautifully made! I got it as a gift for my sister and she loved it.

domain: design


text:
Children should not be involved either directly or indirectly in warfare. Child soldier have participated in warfare throughout history. Every continent in the world (excluding Antarctica) used child soldiers in their army at least one time throughout its history. A 14 years old child in a war zone armed with automatic rifles, high-powered explosives, and drugs laced with gunpowder and other dangerous substances sounds too grotesque and immoral to be actually happening; however, this is something that has happened numerous times during history, and continues. Even today, there are many nations or groups involved in the use of child soldiers today. Governments and organizations around the world have tried multiple times to start movements to stop the use. The United Nations (UN) has even passed international laws to try to deter nations or groups from recruiting children. Many programs specialize in not only helping the children, but also reintegrating them into normal society.
First, child soldiers appear repetitively throughout history. Children even fought in famous wars such as The United States Civil War and World War 1. Experts estimate that as much as 20 percent of the soldiers during The United States Civil War were under the age of 18. The children would lie about their age in order to enlist. While most of the children became drummer boys, nurses, or scouts. When the casualties of war began to climb during a battle some of the children would have to join in a much larger role.
During the American Civil War, children sometimes received medals for their services, courage, and loyalty. One such child is John Cook. John Cook was a Union bugle player who was only 15 years-old when he served. During the Battle of Antietam John Cook -volunteered to operate open cannon. This bravery leads him to receive a Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle. Another child who won a Medal of Honor was Orion Howe. When Orion was only 14 years-old he, along with others, volunteered to get some needed ammunition for his fellow troops.
Children doing their work were frequently injured. Since they were in front of the army, they were usually the first picked off by enemy shooters. The youngest one was William Black. When he was only 12 years-old an exploding shell blew off his left arm. Albert Munsun was a drummer boy who fought in the Battle of Roanoke. During the battle, his father was injured; however, that did not stop Albert from continuing to play the drum. Using a pistol as a drumstick, he marched towards the enemy. He was soon shot and killed.
During World War 1, a large amount volunteers swarmed recruiters, wanting to fight for their country. The large amount of volunteers made it hard for recruiters to check age and background information. They thought that if a person wants to join the war and was physically able, “Why stop them?” The storm of volunteers is due in part to the public told that the war would end within two...

domain: sociology


text:
Yogo and Cream
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domain: food


Bollywood News: Find latest bollywood news today, bollywood news today latest, bollywood news and gossip, bollywood latest news and updates, bollywood current box office news, bollywood current box office list and more!
With Salman Khan's Sultan in cinemas, the benign rivalry that has been going on between the three Khans of Bollywood at the top for the No. 1 position in the industry has received yet another friendly 'boost'.
Sultan review: Salman Khan's Sultan is out and his massive fan base is in frenzy. Indubitably, Bhai has a knack of galvanising his support base and send them marching into the theatres as if by remote control - Salman of cour
It is raining Sultan tickets this monsoon season. And the masses are lapping up each second of Salman Khan that is on offer! The effect is going to be quite telling on Sultan box office collections with Bollywood insiders say
In an unheard of display of fan power, Sultan box office collections started off with a bang, with megastar Salman Khan managing an occupancy rate as high as 90 pct - opening day collection of Rs 40 cr eyed.
'Sultan' box office collections: Megastar Salman Khan starrer opened to a mammoth response at the B.O. on Wednesday and Bollywood analysts' collection prediction is that it will log earnings of Rs 150 crore over the extended
For starters, initially at least, fortune is favourable for Housefull 3 as it is a solo release and it also does not have to face any rivalry from any other older release. Cinema goers therefore, don't have to weigh their opt
The Nepal Army has been criticised by the media here for receiving Bollywood actresses Sonakshi Sinha and Malaika Arora Khan at the international airport as they said the move "demoralises" the army and "reduces its prestige"
Shahrukh Khan starrer Fan box office collections may not have really surged as expected at the B.O., but that has not stopped the megastar from posting a special note for his fans as a 'thanksgiving' gesture. SRK has in fact


text:
The Secret Cookie ClubBook - 2015
Four very different girls meet at Moonlight Ranch camp and decide to remain friends all year by exchanging letters and home-made cookies, using recipes their counselor's grandfather passed along.
Published: New York :, Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers,,
Edition: First edition.
Branch Call Number: J FRE
Characteristics: 295 pages ;,19 cm

domain: library


HOUSTON (ICIS)--COIM will break ground to expand its European polyester polyols production capacity in Offanengo, Italy, the company announced on Tuesday.
COIM expects the investment to be completed by September 2015, increasing its production capacity of aliphatic and aromatic polyester polyols by 35,000 tonnes.
“The growing demand of COIM’s aliphatic and aromatic polyester polyols will soon saturate the actual polyester polyols capacity,” CEO Lucio Siano said, pointing to the company’s commitment to the European rigid foam insulation market, and to coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers (CASE) and footwear applications.
Some of the production will also be used captively, the Italy-based company said.
Financial details were not disclosed.


text:
Ghent, with Friends !
Book at least TWO rooms and and Enjoy a FREE Private Guided Tour in Ghent !
Make sure to take a boat trip on the Leie and visit the Castle of the Counts or a museum.
After a fascinating day in Ghent you can relax in the lounge and enjoy the well-kept suggestions in the Dali restaurant or the refined three-course menu.
- Private Guided Tour in Gent for your party
- Official city guide and map of Europe's best kept secret

domain: geography


A Georgetown man reportedly suffered non-life-threatening injuries after fleeing from police on foot and colliding with an oncoming Kentucky State Police cruiser, state police said Monday.
Derek L. Whitlock, 35, was taken to University of Kentucky Chandler Hospital in Lexington by Scott County EMS.
Shortly before 5 p.m. Monday, state police attempted to serve multiple warrants on Whitlock. As KSP units pulled into the parking lot of Whitlock's apartment, he fled on foot, into the street, and collided with the oncoming cruiser.
In addition to charges for multiple felony and misdemeanor warrants, Whitlock is charged with fleeing and evading and alcohol intoxication in a public place.
State police were assisted at the scene by Georgetown police.


text:
- Filed Under
By Delegate Michael McDermott
Will Maryland be safer on Oct. 1?
Are we a safer society when we disarm law-abiding citizens?
In a theater, good people were slaughtered by a lawless man who was the only one present with a firearm.
In a school, a locked door was quickly defeated and another lawless man maneuvered down a hallway with unarmored doorways and no good guy with a gun to stop him.
Liberals and their policies cannot protect us, they only make it more difficult to protect ourselves. There is no provision in Maryland's Senate Bill 281 that makes our children safer.
Attempts to create School Guardian options were rejected. The Democrats' answer to school shootings was to create another layer of bureaucracy - as opposed to a layer of armor.
Sandy Hook Elementary had electric locks and intercoms nestled in a state with some of the toughest gun laws in the nation. It had everything Maryland is now poised to implement, but it was missing that which would have made a difference - a good guy with a gun and an armor-hardened school.
Banning firearms to the abyss does not make us safer. Just look at Washington or Chicago.
Conversely, when good citizens are allowed to carry firearms for self-protection, crime goes down.
It seems that wolves prefer to attack sheep where there are no sheepdogs.
SB 281 bans 45 rifles and shotguns because of the way they look. In all the homicides in Maryland during the past year, not even one of these "banned" firearms was utilized, but let's not let that get in the way of a legislative agenda.
On Oct. 1, our poorest citizens will be denied their right to protect themselves simply because they cannot afford it. Without showing any proof that our current system of training and purchasing is broken, poor and rich alike will have to purchase a new license before they can buy their handgun.
They will have to take the time to travel to their nearest Maryland State Police Barrack to be fingerprinted and pay $84.50 for the privilege.
Then, they must take time off to attend a four-hour firearm safety class, which could cost them another $200.
I'm sure the bad guys will be camped out all night to be the first in line at the barrack to get their license!
Allow good guys to be armed. Harden the target with low-profile armor. Punish gun offenders like you mean it. Save lives.
Maryland's new regulations are meant to keep the public safer
By Delegate Michael Busch
Over the past 18 months, this country has seen horrific incidents of gun violence: Aurora, Newtown and just this week, the Navy Yard in Washington D.C. Tragically, we seem increasingly desensitized as a culture to these mass shootings, perpetrated for most part with military-style assault weapons.
This cannot continue to happen. Gun rights and gun control advocates alike need to work together for commonsense measures to help prevent not only these tragedies, but also the gun homicides, suicides and accidental shootings that plague our communities every day.
We pursue these goals against the backdrop of what some consider startling statistics. The United States has more guns per capita than any other country in the world - 283 million guns in civilian hands. While the number of households that own a gun has declined steadily and markedly over the past four decades, the average number of guns per owner has increased from 4.1 in 1994 to 6.4 in 2004.
In 2011, for the first time in 14 years, firearms were the leading cause of death for police officers in the line of duty; by 2015, data show that firearms deaths will surpass motor vehicle deaths.
On Oct. 1, the Firearms Safety Act of 2013 will take effect. The goal of this legislation is to keep weapons out of the hands of individuals with criminal records or who represent a danger to themselves or others. Still, some gun rights advocates claim the new law is an infringement on their constitutional rights.
We worked hard during the legislative session with law enforcement, the National Rifle Association, National Shooting Sports Foundation and gun dealers to craft a law that will not prevent law-abiding citizens from owning a firearm, whether for hunting, personal protection or recreational purposes.
Maryland will become one of six states to require a license for handgun purchases. You need a license to drive a car, to sell real estate, hunt, and even paint fingernails. Why shouldn't you need a license to purchase and own a weapon? More than 80 percent of Maryland voters support fingerprint licensing, according to a poll by Goucher College; 68 percent of gun owners support it. Public health leaders say licensing is one of the most effective tools to prevent gun violence. According to Professor Daniel Webster of the Johns Hopkins Center For Gun Policy and Research,"Maryland's handgun purchaser licensing law will reduce gun trafficking, gun crime, and gun homicides, and can serve as a national model for other states."
Fingerprint licensing prevents gun violence because it stops criminals from using bogus identities to pass the gun purchaser background checks. It also deters people - "straw purchasers" - who are willing to buy guns for criminals. Law enforcement professionals warn that this is a major way guns get into the hands of criminals. and that is why they strongly supported this measure.
The new law also limits the size of magazines to 10 bullets, bans some assault-style weapons, gives the state police the authority to better regulate gun dealers and requires gun owners to report lost and stolen guns to the police.
Maryland ranks third in the country for the number of weapons reported lost or stolen by gun dealers. National data show that 1 percent of licensed firearms dealers sell more than half the guns recovered in crimes. While the large majority of gun dealers run reputable operations, this new law will allow law enforcement to identify and prosecute those few who are willing to put weapons into the hands of criminals.
The most important responsibility of the government is keeping the public safe. Maryland's new law will help keep guns out of the hands of criminals and others who should not have them. and thereby reduce gun violence in our state.


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Product DescriptionLoaded with great features, this turkey bib breathes easily to keep you comfortable while hunting. Ultra-tough DuraLite material delivers sharp, rich camouflage colors and resists fading. The bib area is designed to hold up to 8 calls, and includes 2 padded slate pockets, 2 striker pockets, 2 mesh mouth call pockets, and 2 locator call retractors. The pant area offers even more storage space, with a box call pocket, slate pocket, striker pocket, and large cargo pocket. Removable knee pads protect your knees from wear and tear, while the ankle cuffs adjust easily for a custom fit. Imported.


LOLE Women's MTL Cardigan Full Zip Sweater
Item No. 40113141
Soft and breathable, this polar fleece comes with a full-zip front that keeps the warmth in, the big chill out—and is gentler on the planet. A semi-fitted design offers a flattering, functional layer that loves the outdoors as much as you do.
- Lock down zipper
- Straight fit
- Hits at the hips
- POLAR FLEECE LUSH 100% POLYESTER


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Residents In The Villages Have The Highest Credit Scores In The Country
Managing your money well can have huge benefits especially when you are seeking to borrow money. No one knows this better than the residents of The Villages. According to WalletHub, people in The Villages have the highest credit score in the country, with an average FICO score of 778. The Fair Isaac Corporation rates every potential borrower of money with a score based on how credit is used, ranging from 300 to 850, with a high score meaning those borrowers enjoy lower interest rates, which can save you thousands of dollars in interest and fees. WalletHub compared the average credit scores of residents in over 2,000 in October 2016 based using TransUnion data. As for Gainesville and Ocala, Ocala ranked #1338 with an average credit score of 669 and Gainesville ranked #1395 with an average score of 669.

domain: economics


Chaos or community? This is the question that looms over the beautiful skies of South Africa. A nation once revered for its perseverance in its fight to break free from the chains of apartheid has found itself caught in the eye of regression, a storm of hate and vitriol that it can only hope to recover from. The recent violence in South Africa is a result of long-held xenophobic feelings against the people of Nigeria who saw South Africa as a beacon of hope and a land of opportunity. Buildings are destroyed, cars are set aflame, shops are pillaged, lives are lost, and dreams are removed from reality. Anti-immigrant hatred has brought South Africa to a road of no return.
The hatred begins not with what the Nigerian people have, but in what the South African people lack. Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress (ANC) made history by ending the era of apartheid in 1994. The end of apartheid was meant to be a new beginning for the people of South Africa. The ANC began a push for social equality and newfound opportunity to amend for decades of racial segregation and discrimination. This was meant to be a new beginning for the country, but this is a nation where Black South Africans, at nearly 80 percent of the country’s population, are constrained by holding little to no power or wealth. White South Africans are ten percent of the country’s population and yet hold more than 90 percent of the national wealth. Black South Africans see that opportunity exists in the country, but realize that it is rarely ever extended to them.
This is the ultimate failure of the South African liberation movement. The people of South Africa may be free on the surface, but economically they are still entrapped in the hands of apartheid. The people are still segregated by the creation of townships by the ANC. Land is equivalent to power, and Black South Africans do not own the land that they live on. Commutes to jobs often take most of their paychecks, leaving little for basic needs. The structural components of apartheid have morphed to fit the function of post-apartheid discrimination. Black South Africans have no hope and no choice but to grow in hate. This is the continuation of the colonial-apartheid mindset that permeated the country before. Historian Kenneth Stampp in 1956 wrote about the psychological indoctrination of a slave in his book The Peculiar Institution. The final step was “to impress Negroes with their helplessness: to create in them a habit of perfect dependence upon their masters.” This mindset of helplessness is what rules the country today.
Nigerian immigrants are seen as an enemy to the South African people, threatening to take their land, their jobs, and their educational opportunities. It is a hysteria seen across the globe these days, from the United States to the United Kingdom, and now South Africa. The people of other African nations stood up to this hatred. Celebrities boycotted the nation. Flights to Johannesburg have been suspended. Countries pulled out of economic forms with South Africa including Nigeria. The message is clear that hate will not stand its legs upon the African people. But the question still remains, where does South Africa go from here?
The various African liberation movements across the continent not only focused on bringing freedom to their perspective regions, but also encouraged a new sense of African unity. A continent plagued by centuries of colonial exploitation will, of course, face immense challenges to reach this goal, but it is a goal, nonetheless. No matter the country affiliation - Nigerian, South African, Ghanaian, etc.- people from countries across the continent are connected on this issue. To engage in xenophobic violence only works to destroy that connection. It is still too early to predict the future of this conflict, though it is clear that unity is the end goal. The rest of Africa has already united against this newfound hate. South Africa, once a beacon of hope, has become the star of criticism. The country and its people need to respond. As the former president of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, once said, “The forces that unite us are intrinsic and greater than the superimposed influences that keep us apart.”


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GRAN CANARIA 2019
EAVE ON DEMAND session for the participants of MECAS in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
March 23 - 24, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
EAVE is proud to organise an EAVE ON DEMAND workshop in co-operation with MECAS and Gran Canaria Film Commission from March 23-24, 2019 in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
The workshop we will combine the long experience that EAVE has in international training and networking with a tailor-made approach for the participants of MECAS de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
EAVE experts Agustina Chiarino (Mutante Cine, UY) and Raquel Cabrera (The Film Agency, ES) will held one day of masterclasses for a larger audience on marketing and festival strategies and one day of group work on 6 selected projects , to strengthen the project both in content and in financing strategies.
The selected participants & projects are:
Mercedes Afonso, Lunática producciones audiovisuales - EL MAPA PARA TOCARTE
Macu Machín, EL VIAJE FILMS - LA HOJARASCA
Omar Razzak, Tourmalet Films - MATAR CANGREJOS
Angharad Rojo, DIGITAL 104 , VOLCANO FILMS - LA VIAJANTE
Coré Ruiz and Silvia Sánchez Imaco Produccionnes (Imaco89) - VOY A DESAPARECER
Amaury Santana Marrero, Amaury Santana Producciones – SUECIA
Bachelor’s degree in Communication and Master’s degree in Creative Documentary. At Control Z Films, she produced the feature films “Gigante”, “Hiroshima”, “3”, “Tanta agua”. In 2011, she founded Mutante Cine with Fernando Epstein. They produced and distributed “El 5 de talleres”, “Las olas” and the documentary “Locura al aire”. They co-produced“Historia del miedo”, “Mi amiga del parque”, “Benzinho”y “Las herederas”. The feature films Alelíand Monos are in post-production. All these films have premiered at major festivals such as Cannes, Berlinale, Venice, Toronto and Sundance, and been awarded. They are co-organizers with EAVE of the PUENTES training project, which takes place every year in Montevideo. For 10 years she was in charge of the committee that receives and develops new projects and co-productions at Uruguay’s Channel 10. She has participated nationally and internationally as a teacher, tutor and consultant in training activities such as Biennale College, BrLab and BiobioLab. She has participated as jury member in competitions for project development and finalization, in international festivals and funds such as San Sebastián, BAFICI, Miami, Locarno and Cartagena.
Raquel Cabrera is the Account Manager of The Film Agency, working with the Spanish-speaking market and focusing on film marketing and consultancy services for producers. Some of her most important recent clients include Avalon, Fox, Mediapro, MOD and Telecinco.
Page last updated 16 January 2020


Specifications and features:
Spyderco Byrd Meadowlark folding knife
2-15/16" partially serrated blade
6-7/8" overall length
15/32" hole diameter
2-7/16" cutting edge
3/32" blade thickness
8Cr13Mov stainless steel blade
Jimping on blade spine
Pre drilled holes
Tip up or tip down carry
Underside finger choils
David Boye dent for safety
Byrd Meadowlark Partially Serrated Folding Knife -
The FRN Meadowlark has slip free texture, deeply molded into the plastic so it won't slide or move around in the hand. Nested inside the handle are full length steel liners adding rigidity and strength without unnecessary weight and phosphor bronze bushing for smooth open and close. The 8Cr13MoV stainless steel blade is hollow ground with a comet shaped hole so the folder opens and closes one handedly. On top of the blade's spine is a series of crosshatching the knife industry calls jimping. Jimping creates tactile resistance, gripping the thumb and keeping it in contact with the top of the blade while cutting. Features a four way pocket clip for left or right handed, tip up or tip down carry. Cut out of the lock's release is a safety feature called a David Boye Dent allowing you to tightly grip the handle without fear of accidentally releasing the lock.
Serrated Blade -
A serrated blade has a cutting edge that has many small points of contact with the material being cut. By having less contact area than a smooth blade, the applied force at each point of contact is relatively greater and the points of contact are at a sharper angle to the material being cut.
Chinese stainless steel tempered at the Rc56 to Rc58 range and u sed in the Tenacious, Persistence, and Byrd lines of knives.
David Boye Dent -
Custom knife maker David Boye removed a small arc or dent of metal from the lock bar lever of his knives. This removed piece lessened the possibility of gripping the handle hard enough to depress the lock and accidentally unlock the blade while using the knife.
Stainless Steel -
group of corrosion resisting steels containing a minimum of 10% chromium and in which varying amounts of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium as well as other elements may be present.
Tip Up and Tip Down -
Refers to which direction the folded knife if positioned by its pocket clip. When closed and clipped in a pocket, whichever direction (up or down) the blade's tip sits defines if it is termed tip up or tip down.
Round Hole -
Round hole located in the knife blade used for one hand opening and closing of a knife blade.
Finger Choil -
A purposeful and specific area or curve cut out between the blade and handle. It creates a grip position point closer to the cutting edge for better control while cutting.


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A joint venture between Google and various organizations in healthcare service delivery and research technology is using the power of AI to develop personalized hearing aids.
First announced earlier this year, the project sees the tech giant working with Cochlear, the manufacturer of cochlear implants, Macquarie University Hearing Hub members (NAL), the Shepherd Centre, and NextSense.
Google has said it aims to develop hearing aids that rely on AI to address individual listening needs. Such technology, Google said, will be particularly beneficial for those who rely on hearing aids in noisy environments such as restaurants, live performances, or public transportation.
By using AI, developers will be able to better identify and segregate sound sources, such as a person talking, making it easier for those who use hearing aids to follow a conversation.
The new technology will make a profound impact on those who rely on these devices. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are more than 1.5 billion people now living with hearing loss – and that number could rise to more than 2.5 billion by 2050.
The CDC estimates that $980 is the overall annual cost of unaddressed hearing loss globally.
“With our partners, we look forward to building on this work and designing tools with and for people who are deaf or hard of hearing,” Google said in a statement. “Because as long as there are barriers, we will have work to do.”
SOURCE: Fox Business


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President Goodluck Jonathan. (File: AFP)
Owerri - President Goodluck Jonathan is clearly leading his main opponent, Major-Gen Muhammadu Buhari (retd.) going by the results declared so far in Imo State, Punch
The results of the presidential election in 11 out of the 27 local government areas in Imo State collated on Sunday in Owerri, capital of the state, show that President Jonathan polled a total of 210 022 votes while General Buhari, had 50 977 votes.
Also read: PDP clinches Senate, House of Reps seats in Edo
The collated results were from Ideato North, Isiala-Mbaino, Isu, Obowo, Ohaji-Egbema,. Okigwe, Owerri Municipal, Owerri West, Nwangene, Oru East and Ideato South LGAs.
Read more at Punch
Send us your eyewitness reports and pictures to email@example.com.


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Juniper Stud Earrings (2 colours)
A mixed-media approach and a geometric sensibility makes these earrings style conscious accessories. Easy to pair with everything from everyday blouses to cozy coats.
- Approximately 3.6cm x 1.5cm
- Drop earring style
- For pierced ears
- 14K gold plated over brqss
- Delicate silver posts
- Resin embellishment
- Comes with dust bag
- Ships in 1-3 business days
Silver posts are soft in content, please handle with care.
Please note the texture and colour of resin embellishment may be slightly different to the picture displayed


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I 'm probably over reacting but then I was always a good-bad, black or white, happy or sad kinda
person.Tonight I'm sad for many reasons but none moreso than the post on scumbags.
How do you define a scumbag? By the clothes he/she wears, by their behaviour or by the experience you may have had with these people.I can certainly understand the last reason but not the first two.These people are at the very margins of society, they are bedeviled by all the social ills that contribute to their standing in society - being the very bottom.
Yet people here who are very well off (as evidenced by their spending of large sums of money on
satisfying their sexual desires) see fit to castigate these people with a holier than thou attitude.
If those of us who have alot just gave a little to those who have less, then maybe, these people would not be "on the outskirts of town"Shame on all of us.


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What’s my exposure risk to heavy metals such as lead, antimony, beryllium, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury?
Well, that may be hard to quantify. Heavy metals are reported in a lot of environments, especially in heavy industry. Are there safeguards in place for our protection? Sure, but are we ever 100% safe from harm? After all, there are also reported self-induced risks. One example is by getting a tattoo. I’ve often wonder about the risk of inks used for tattooing.
Colorants turn out to be a good topic because, as you know, many pigments are manufactured from heavy metals and/or their oxides. One that comes to mind is Titanium White. An example of a tattoo ink risk is that some reds contain mercury. Some reds can also contain other sources of color, such as iron oxide.1 While red causes the most problems, most other colors of standard tattoo ink are also derived from heavy metals.
Tattoo inks are under the governance of the USFDA. But as I understand the governance, they fall under cosmetics, which is much different than bodily injections. As the FDA states, “due to other competing public health priorities and the lack of prior evidence of safety issues specifically associated with these pigments, the FDA has not traditionally exercised regulatory authority over color additives in pigments used in tattoo inks.”2
Mercury is widely known to be a dangerous metal that can cause acute poisoning. Heavy metals can cause allergic reactions, eczema and scarring. They can also cause sensitivity to mercury from other sources, like dental fillings, or consuming some types of fish. The brain is the main organ that is affected by mercury exposure. However, other organs can also be damaged, such as nerves, kidneys, and muscles. Animals exposed to mercury show adverse neurological and behavioral changes.3 Thimerosal is a mercury compound that has been used in the past as a preservative for some vaccines, but it has also been used in tattoo inks.4
“Of course, exposure to mercury and other heavy metals is hardly the only risk involved with getting a tattoo. The term tattoo itself means to puncture the skin. Tattoo ink is placed via needles into the dermis layer of the skin, where it remains permanently (although some colors will fade over time). Some people have reported sensitivity springing up even years after they first got their tattoo; also, medical MRIs can cause tattoos to burn or sting as the heavy metals in the ink are affected by the test’s magnetism.”5
So, know your ink source and components within the ink to be used. There are alternatives which use organic pigments, but that doesn’t mean that they are safe.6
I’m not a toxicologist or medical doctor, but I can safely say life is scary enough without voluntarily adding risk. I’ve been immersed in the analysis of samples for mercury and heavy metals for over 30 years. But in all honesty, that fact and follow-up discussions with acquaintances and family members didn’t detour them from a tattoo. But in my opinion, there is potential risk, so before you get a tattoo, take a moment to think about the potential risks.

domain: medical


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Saluda News & Notations: ‘A special place to each one of us’
Published 6:29 pm Thursday, February 22, 2018
I learned silence from the talkative and tolerance from the intolerant and kindness from the unkind. ~ Khalil Gibran
Sometimes, even I know someone else can say something better, especially when it comes to our town.
So, in honor of Saluda’s 137th birthday this February, here’s a centennial flashback from 1981, when then Mayor Cater Leland Jr. made these opening remarks for the birthday celebration:
“This is truly a special day for Saluda, and we welcome all of you here. Saluda is a special place to each one of us, especially the residents, and I’m sure it is to all of our summer visitors and all of the tourists that come in and out throughout the summer months and even in the winter to enjoy the ‘four seasons’ that we have here.
“I would like to tell everyone in Saluda that we feel that Saluda is not just a place to live, but it is a way of life. It is a small peaceful community where everyone can be friendly with their neighbors…where you can say ‘hi’ to everyone up and down the street and everyone always greets you and you’ll feel like one big family. We welcome all of you here today to be a part of this family…we have strived to keep it as it was a hundred years ago.
“Because all of you who have been here over the years know that it hasn’t changed much, and this is the way we like it. We hope that all the people that are here and those who visit with us will strive to keep it that way.
As I’ve said in the past, if we wa”nt the things a big city has, we can always go to the big city and enjoy those things. Then, we know we can come back to Saluda, where it is calm and peaceful, and sit on the porch and feel the breeze, and know that we are in a special place. That is the way we feel about Saluda today, the city fathers and most of the residents feel this way and we hope to keep it this way throughout the next hundred years….and on into the future.”
• Saluda Welcome Table at Saluda Methodist Church is every Tuesday from 5:30-6:45 p.m.
• Saluda Center community potluck and bingo night is Feb. 26 at 6 p.m.
• Learn more about Saluda Community Land Trust by visiting saludaclt.org or calling 828-749-1560. Mark your calendar and save the date for SCLT’s 11th annual meeting on April 25 at 6 p.m. at Saluda Center.
• At Saluda Historic Depot, Saluda Train Tales return on March 16 at 7 p.m. with Harold Williams. Donations to help support Saluda Historic Depot can be sent to P.O. Box 990, Saluda, NC 28773 or on the HistoricSaluda.org website. Visit saludahistoricdepot.com for more information.
• At Saluda Library, where they’re always glad to see you, teens have their own space on the bottom floor of the library thanks to a grant from Polk County Community Foundation.
• Feb. 26 is Box Top Collection week at Saluda School. Specially marked hot-pink box tops are worth 10 cents each for the school; money is used to purchase books for the “Books Are Really Fun” program; each student gets to choose and keep three to five free books.
Happy February Birthday to: Wylie Rauschenbach, Wesley Pace, Biddie Dawson, Ginny Jones, Jenna Igoe, Suzanne Igoe, Pam Thompson, Catherine Raymond, Eva McCray, Ellen Rogers, Margaret Miller, Paul London, Ward Sandahl, Bill Klippel, Pat Bares, Dwight Smith, Ingrid Sandahl, Fred Baisden, Duane Bateman, Ragan Thompson, Laura Williams, and Susan McMasters and Mark Gardner.
Thank you for reading this column dear readers; as ever, the goal is to make you feel like you’re enjoying small town life in a friendly mountain town called Saluda. Feel free to contact me at email@example.com, 828-749-1153, or visit bonniebardosart.com.


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7319 Acoma Trl,
Yucca Valley, CA 92284 United States
Dip N Clip Pet Grooming is a reliable source of pet grooming service in Yucca Valley. Visit us sometime soon at our local store or call us soon at (760) 228-1935.
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domain: pet