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Le monde de Ludovic
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Kodi Smit-McPhee was born on born 13 June 1996 in Adelaide, South Australia, the son of Sonja Smit and Andy McPhee. His father is an actor and former professional wrestler. His older sister is actress and singer Sianoa Smit-McPhee.
At age 16, Smit-McPhee was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, a degenerative form of arthritis that causes vertebrae in the spine to fuse and can lead to chronic pain and loss of vision. Due to the condition, he is blind in his left eye.
Smit-McPhee's first feature film role was in Romulus, My Father, which garnered him the 2007 AFI Award for Best Young Actor as well as a Best Actor nomination. For his appearance in The Road (2009), he received a Critics' Choice Award nomination for Best Young Actor and a 2010 Australian Film Institute (AFI) nomination for Best International Actor. The following year, he starred in Let Me In, for which he received a 2010 Critics Choice Award nomination for Best Young Actor for his performance in the film.
Smit-McPhee then voiced the lead role of Norman in ParaNorman, a 2012 animated comedy horror film which was nominated for Best Animated Feature for the 2013 Academy Awards, and also received a 2013 BAFTA Award nomination for Best Animated Film. Later the same year, Smit-McPhee had a role in Dead Europe, which premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival. His next role came in All The Wilderness of James in the title role of James. He also starred in A Birder's Guide to Everything, which premiered at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival, and played Benvolio in a film adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. He co-starred in the 20th Century Fox film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014).
In 2013, Smit-McPhee filmed the action science fiction film Young Ones. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2014. Soon afterwards he appeared in Slow West, which was released in 2015.
In March 2014, he was cast in the Nine Network's seven-part drama series Gallipoli which was broadcast in February and March 2015, the year that marks the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli landing. He plays 17-year-old Thomas "Tolly" Johnson, who pretends to be older so that he can enlist with his brother Bevan and ends up fighting at Gallipoli in the campaign that helped create the Anzac legend. Aged 17 when he undertook the role, Smit-McPhee said afterwards that it showed "that soldiers aren't the patriotic brave souls they look like, it's showing them at their most vulnerable in tragic times and when they are terrified".
Smit-McPhee played Nightcrawler in X-Men: Apocalypse (2016), a character whose older version was previously played by Alan Cumming. Smit-McPhee reprised the role in Dark Phoenix, which was released in 2019.
In 2018, he played the central character Keda, an Ice Age adolescent who tames a wolf, in Alpha.
In 2021, Smit-McPhee starred in Jane Campion's film The Power of the Dog. The film premiered at the 78th Venice International Film Festival, where it opened to critical acclaim. Smit-McPhee's performance, in particular, received praise, with Carlos Aguilar of TheWrap calling him "terrifyingly remarkable" and Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian writing, "Smit-McPhee brings something inscrutably complex and reserved to his character's behavior". In March 2022, Smit-McPhee joined Alfonso Cuaron's upcoming Apple+ series Disclaimer.

domain: entertainment


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Soft cervix of the uterus
The cervix is a hollow organ that connects the vagina with the uterus itself. Its dimensional parameters averaged 2.5 by 3 cm. In this article, we will try to understand, the soft cervix of the uterus is a pathology or a natural physiological process.
Causes of soft cervix
Describing sources that can provoke softening of the cervix, it is worth noting that they can have physiologically justified reasons, and can be caused by pathological changes in the sexual organs of a woman.
The known causes of soft cervix are:
- Isthmiko-cervical insufficiency - a decrease in muscle tone, the inability to resist intrauterine pressure, which leads to a weakening of their functions and the inability to retain the fetus inside the uterus. Late miscarriages are possible. Mostly this process occurs between the twentieth and thirtieth weeks of bearing the baby.
- Endocervicitis of cervix uteri - inflammatory diseases of female genital organs. The most frequent source of female infertility.
- Congenital pathology.
- Hormonal imbalance of the woman's body. Under the influence of prostaglandins, the contractility of the uterus and its cervix is impaired.
- The first weeks of pregnancy.
- The prenatal period. The uterus and her neck are prepared for the birth and passage of the newborn through the birth canal.
- Previous scraping of the uterine and cervical mucosa, which are accompanied by mechanical dilatation.
- Mechanical, physiological or other damage to the muscular tissue of the organ in question.
- Violation of the correlation of connective and muscular structures in the region of interest to us.
- The consequences of pathological births, which took place with large and deep ruptures. Stitching.
- Reception of medicines belonging to a certain pharmacological group.
As medical practice shows, the causes of a soft cervix can have mechanical, medicamentous and non-medicinal sources. At the same time, the pathogenesis of this phenomenon to the end has not yet been studied.
Doctors believe that the appearance of this factor is the result of violations of the response of cellular structures to neurohumoral stimuli. Either the consequences of a mismatch between the number of muscle and connective tissues.
Symptoms of soft cervix
If we talk about the preparation for obstetric activity, at this stage the fetus starts to fall down, getting ready for childbirth, the entire maternal organism prepares for this. The child's weight increases the pressure on the neck.
At this time, the placenta is aging, reducing the amount of hormone produced. The cervix begins to lose its tone, softens. Symptoms of the soft cervix are expressed not by the ability of the body to retain the slimy plug, which is one of the first signs of approaching the pods.
In other cases, there is no special pathological symptomatology, and this factor can be detected only at the reception and examination of a gynecologist.
As has already been noted above certain definite symptomatology of the factor considered in this article is not observed. Therefore, the first signs of softening can not be identified and described.
Soft cervix before menstruation
The female body is unique. It is designed for a great mission - the allocation of an egg, ready for fertilization, embryo-bearing and the birth of a strong and healthy, yet small, but already a little man.
A woman prepares for this mission every month. In each menstrual cycle, the female body passes the same path. And if he does not end with ovulation and subsequent pregnancy, the woman of the fair sex is expected to have a month-long term - dumping of an unproductive product (an unfertilized ovum), renewal of the mucous of the genital organs, preparation for the next cycle.
During this cycle, the density, texture, locality and position of the uterine neck and the uterus itself change. Soft cervix before the menstrual period is one of the primary signs of the approaching menstruation. This fact is accompanied by the lifting of the organ and its partial opening.
This allows to create conditions for easier invasion of spermatozoa and subsequent fertilization. If pregnancy does not occur, there are sticky secretions. In this period, a woman can feel more large-scale discharge from the cervical canal.
If the fertilization of the egg does not happen, the uterus begins to fall together with its neck, the channel expands, and softening occurs. This physiological change in the condition of the organ ensures unimpeded withdrawal of the excreted menstrual blood.
Thus, the female body regulates the process of conception, or, in its absence, purging the body of "unused material."
Soft cervix in pregnancy
The time after conception and to normal delivery is one of the most exciting periods in the life of a future mother. A lot of disturbing minutes have to be experienced by a woman, if she claims a soft cervix in pregnancy. Perhaps this setting is a normal physiological change that does not allow experiencing, in some cases, if it is ignored, this fact can lead to irreparable consequences.
As it was already stated above, before the moment when the female organism is ready for fertilization and the process of ovulation has taken place, the cervix becomes softer and rises, which makes it possible for male spermatozoa to reach the egg and fertilize it.
After conception has occurred, the cervix should become again denser, as if clogging the uterus. This allows the embryo to develop normally, without fear of leaving the uterus.
Over time, the fetus develops, grows, gaining weight, and begins to press more actively on the lower part of the uterus, and, consequently, on its neck. If the muscle tone of the body is not enough, the cervix begins to soften and open, which threatens (if it is not the prenatal period) premature exit of the fetus from the uterus - a miscarriage.
As the statistics show, this pathological process is most often seen in the period from the twentieth to the thirtieth week of pregnancy, especially critical obstetricians - gynecologists consider 24 weeks of gestation.
In the normal course of pregnancy, the physiologically justified process of softening begins immediately before childbirth. So the woman's body prepares for the passage of the baby through the birth canals at his birth.
Soft cervix in early pregnancy
After conception, not only the uterus undergoes a change, but also the organ under consideration in this article. He changes his shade, acquiring a cyanotic color. This is due to the formation of a more extensive network of glands and blood vessels, which should now feed not only the body of a woman, but also the "new life that has arisen."
Density of tissues changes: before fertilization, it is softened, after the onset of pregnancy, the cervix should become dense, so that the effect of the plug is obtained. This allows you to hold the embryo in the uterus. Another function of the "hard" neck is a barrier that prevents the invasion of pathogenic flora and infectious strains into the uterine cavity.
During this period, a mucous plug is formed in the region of interest, which becomes the second barrier of invasion. Creamy secretions that do not have a pathogenic odor may be observed. Their shade can be different: from clear and pinkish leucorrhoea to small bloody or brownish hues of liquid. This symptomatology usually disappears by the third or fourth week after conception.
If further observed in the early stages of pregnancy soft cervix - then this is cause for concern. Since if the cervix does not become dense over time, there is a clear threat of spontaneous abortion. That is, a pregnant woman has a threat of miscarriage - a child's loss.
This clinical picture can arise against a background of a number of pathological changes. The most common cause of softening is ishmiko - cervical insufficiency - a decrease in the muscle tone of tissues. A number of factors can lead to such pathology. For example, it may be pathology of the development of the uterus, a failure in the hormonal background, as well as injury to the body due to already existing births or a number of abortions.
Soft cervix before childbirth
The cervix is one of the main organs in the reproductive system of the female body, which participates in the process of obstetrics. Soft cervix of the uterus before birth is a normal physiological process that promotes healthy childbirth.
Immediately before birth, the mother's body begins its training. Participates in this and the cervix. It gradually becomes more supple, which leads to the fact that it is not able to already hold the slimy plug, which goes out. This process physicians call the departure of the cork, which is the first sign of the approaching genera.
After this, the amniotic fluid also leaves, fights begin. But at the moment the cervix is relaxed and spread about one centimeter, which is not enough for the traumatic passage of the baby through the birth canals.
In the normal course of the prenatal process, the cervix continues to soften and increase the passage. Such a course of the process will make it possible to secure both the future mother and her child from possible injuries and disruptions during the birth.
If the cervix is not sufficiently opened, and the delivery procedure is already neglected, the obstetrician-gynecologist has to prescribe medications that, acting on the cervix, will help it become softer that it will allow it to open up more.
The process of softening occurs at the level of hormones. Before birth, the placenta grows old and ceases to produce a recent amount of hormones, which immediately provokes the emergence of hormone-antagonists, which provoke softening and opening of the uterine neck, as well as spasms of the uterus (the beginning of labor).
In this period, there is an increase in estrogen and a decrease in the amount of progesterone in the maternal body. Physicians note the accumulation of prostaglandins, serotonin, oxytocin and acetylcholine. The complex of these compounds significantly influences the naturalness of the process of obstetric delivery, including the readiness of the cervix for delivery.
It does not happen immediately. The process of softening of muscle tissues and the increase in the flow section proceeds gradually and takes several hours.
If the process of obstetrics has gone, and the cervix is not sufficiently open, the obstetrician-gynecologist has to resort to the help of certain medications that promote more active softening of the tissues. Up to this point, the cervix is called immature, if the obstetrician-gynecologist is able to push more than one finger - physicians talk about the maturity of the cervix and the physiological readiness of the woman for childbirth. But in this condition, most women in this state can walk around for another two weeks.
As a result, such a woman can go over her term and give birth a week later.
Dismissing the cork and leakage of amniotic fluid is a signal that a pregnant woman needs hospitalization if she does not want to give birth at home.
Drawing a conclusion from the above, the consequences of the process under consideration, largely depend on the concomitant pathology, or, in the case of pregnancy, the period of gestation of the baby, on which the softening is diagnosed.
In a number of cases - this is a completely understandable physiological process, laid down by the woman by nature itself. In pathological manifestation of this factor, the consequences of organ structure changes can be the loss of a child (miscarriage) or the further development of pathological changes.
Any pathology entails irregularities in the work of the patient's body. The complications that the soft cervix entails can be as follows.
- As has already been noted more than once - it is a threat of not bearing a fetus, that is, a miscarriage.
- For the same reason, doctors can diagnose - infertility.
Probably, even this is enough for a woman dreaming of a child, think about it and ask for help from an obstetrician-gynecologist.
Diagnosis of soft cervix of the uterus
This fact can be detected directly by a doctor - a gynecologist, during a preventive examination, an examination of the woman's registration for pregnancy, or during the course of pregnancy observation. Therefore, the diagnosis of the soft cervix is an examination of the obstetrician-gynecologist, who ascertains this fact.
Already in the future, he can prescribe an additional examination if he has a suspicion of the existence of any disease, the symptom of which is this fact.
The survey stages can be as follows:
- Clarification of anamnesis.
- An analysis of the patient's complaints (if any).
- Examination of a specialist on a gynecological chair, which is carried out after the end of menstruation. If there is a suspicion of pregnancy, such an examination is carried out only for serious medical reasons, so as not to disrupt the development of the embryo.
- Immediately before menstruation (if there is no fertilization of the egg), the woman herself can check the condition of her cervix. But it is necessary to do this, following all the rules of hygiene. At the same time, the woman is unlikely to adequately assess the situation. Therefore, this examination is best left to specialists.
- Laboratory research:
- General and biochemical analysis of urine.
- General and biochemical analysis of blood.
- Isolation studies.
- If necessary, histological examination.
- Examination, using modern medical equipment.
- Differential diagnostics.
The first thing that is assigned to any patient who has dealt with a particular problem is the following laboratory tests:
- General and biochemical blood tests.
- General and biochemical analyzes of urine.
You may also need additional research:
- Blood to determine blood type and Rh factor.
- Bacteriological and bacterioscopic analysis of vaginal discharge, which answers the question of the presence of infection.
- Analysis of the level of hormones in the pituitary-gonadotropic system.
- PAP test is a Pap smear. Cytological analysis of the smear from the vagina. The sample is examined in a laboratory under a microscope. If atypical cells have been recognized, the patient is referred for an additional examination.
- If necessary, a biopsy can be performed. Research on human papillomavirus (HPV). Taken material (smear) is sent to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). If the HPV is recognized, its type is set.
- Immunohistochemistry with oncomarkers - this study is conducted only for those patients who have a suspicion of a malignant nature of the pathology.
Today it is quite difficult to imagine a doctor who is not armed with the methods of modern diagnostics, produced with the help of innovative medical equipment. Instrumental diagnostics, applied in this case, can be represented by:
- Hysterosalpingography (GHA). X-ray diagnostics using contrast medium. The method allows to assess the condition of the sexual organs of a woman.
- Magnetic resonance tomography of the pelvic organs is a highly informational method of examination, weighed down with minimal radiation load.
- Ultrasonic examination of pelvic organs (ultrasound). Echographic investigation.
- Aspiration biopsy of the endometrium is a microscopic examination of tissue samples.
- Puncture of the anterior space behind the vagina.
- Scraping the cervical canal and uterine cavity.
- Endoscopy, hysteroscopy or colposcopy - research methods, using an optical device equipped with a lighting device.
After the results of the whole complex of examinations are on the hands of a specialist, differential diagnostics is carried out by him - analysis of the results of the research. It involves the compilation of a complete clinical picture of the patient's state of health with the subsequent differentiation of a specific disease. On the basis of this knowledge, diseases that are similar in symptomatology, but not confirmed by studies, are cut off.
Treatment of soft cervix
The physiological phenomenon considered in this article can be both a symptom of a number of diseases, then therapy of a particular disease should be conducted, and a natural norm process. Therefore, the treatment of a soft cervix is a mixed question.
If we are talking about childbirth, the maturity of the cervix in this period is determined by experts on the special scale of Bishop. This indicator the obstetrician-gynecologist receives at survey of the woman in childbirth.
In order for labor to pass without significant disruptions and other injuries, both the parturient woman and her child, the diameter of the channel cross-section at the first stage of obstetrics should be about ten centimeters.
But if the time of delivery has not yet come, and a woman has a soft cervix diagnosed - this does not mean that she can not report and give birth to a healthy baby. This patient is attributed to bed rest and almost to the birth itself will have to lie in bed. The legs of this orthopedic bed rise to an angle of 30 degrees.
Such women in labor should avoid strong overloads. This applies to both the physical and emotional aspects of life.
If the uterine cervix is also recognized, and uterine hypertension is an unambiguous hospitalization of a pregnant woman, it is put "for preservation".
In such a situation, the patient will be prescribed drugs that relax the muscles of the uterus, in some cases they work as a stimulus to the neck, strengthening it.
In a number of cases, the softening of the organ under consideration is accompanied by the observation of its small size. This clinical picture is designated by doctors as an inconsistency of the cervix, which can lead to the loss of the fetus already in the late stages of pregnancy (20 - 30 weeks of gestation). In this case, the obstetrician-gynecologist can resort to the help of a pessary. This is a special medical device representing the shape of the ring. It is fixed on the neck, not allowing it to disperse before the due time. It also protects the organ in question from the excessive pressure produced by the growing fetus.
The installation procedure is fast enough, without causing any special discomfort to the pregnant woman. Take it off immediately when the term of childbirth approaches: after 37 - 38 weeks. This procedure of setting and removing is carried out only in the conditions of a specialized hospital (maternity home). This is due to the possibility of the onset of labor activity immediately after removal of the device.
This innovation allows the child to reach the due date and produce a strong and healthy baby.
Another method of solving the problem that has been created by physicians is the imposition of surgical sutures on the cervix. The essence of the technique is the contraction of the organ considered in this article by special surgical sutures, using catgut.
This method of closing the canal is carried out only in a hospital under anesthesia. The most suitable time for the procedure is the period from the 14th to the 20th week of gestation. Before the procedure, the pregnant woman must undergo the necessary examination. Such a patient remains under constant monitoring of the treating doctor almost to the birth itself. Like any operation, this method can lead to a number of complications or not to give the expected result. But still, in most cases, such activities allow a woman to successfully deliver the fetus, and give birth to a healthy baby.
With functional insufficiency of the cervix, the patient receives medical support of the body. These are mainly preparations based on progesterone. They do not allow premature weakening of the muscular tissues of the cervical canal.
If the pregnancy has not yet occurred, the question of the plasticity of the cervix can be raised. At the same time, anamnesis of a woman is necessarily taken into account: the number of births, pregnancy interruptions, the presence of gynecological diseases and so on. Although such a correction does not exclude the presence of pregnancy.
Perhaps, almost none of the diseases can be stopped without the use of medicamental methods of affecting the patient's body. Medications used in this case are referred to progesterone-containing drugs. You can note, for example, such as: progesterone, progestogen, morning.
The progesterone drug can be given to the patient in the form of injections, both under the skin and into the muscle.
The dose of the injected drug in this case is prescribed by the attending physician individually in the range from 5 to 25 mg. The schedule of injections can be daily, and can be taken in a day. Duration of admission - until complete relief of signs of a threatening miscarriage. Contraindications to the appointment of this medication can be an average or severe degree of hepatic or renal dysfunction, the presence in a woman's history of a cancerous growth in the mammary gland, hepatitis, increased thrombosis, a predilection for nervous disorders and lactation. Alternative treatment
It should immediately be noted that any treatment, be it traditional or nontraditional methods of therapy, should only take place under monitoring and with the consent of the attending physician. As practice shows, an alternative treatment for a softened cervix does not bring a positive result.
This unconventional technique can be an auxiliary method of solving the problem: increasing the body's immune forces, stopping inflammatory processes in the body, and so on. Most of these recipes are based on the use of minerals, herbs, other plants.
Modern healers are ready to offer a great many recipes of alternative medicine that will support the body and allow you to quickly solve the health problem. But applying them as the only method of treatment is strictly prohibited.
Treatment with herbs with a soft cervix is not applied. You can offer only a number of recipes that will increase the body's defenses, as well as conduct antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies.
Unfortunately, modern homeopathy is not able to help future mothers in the matter of the soft cervix.
Modern classical medicine is equipped with a number of techniques that allow for operative treatment of the softened cervix of the uterus (istmiko - cervical insufficiency).
If the cause of this factor are ruptures and trauma to the cervix - a consequence of previous births, then the plastic of the organ in question can be done as a surgical treatment. The operation is performed before the planned pregnancy. This technique gives the woman a chance in the future to become a mother again.
If a woman is already waiting for a child, then the only indication for surgical treatment may be a threat of spontaneous abortion, or already available in an anamnesis of pregnant premature births.
Another reason that can raise the issue of surgical treatment is ismiko - cervical insufficiency of the muscular tissues of the body in question.
Surgical treatment of this pathology is not carried out if a woman's history includes diseases that become contraindications to conception, bearing and childbirth: severe pathology of the cardiovascular system, renal system, liver and a number of other diseases.
In the soft uterus, the blocking ability is broken, which removes the barrier that prevents the invasion of pathogenic flora and infection into the genital organs of the body.
Another method of surgical treatment is the application of catgut sutures. They tighten the neck, not allowing it to open, even with increasing loads received from the growing fetus.
The most optimal time for this operation is the thirteenth - seventeenth week of pregnancy. Although the term of such intervention, the attending physician appoints individually, based on the timing of the manifestation of pathology.
At the same time, as the pregnancy period increases, the pressure on the cervix increases, which leads to an even greater opening, increasing the risk of miscarriage. Drawing a conclusion from the above, it can be understood that surgical treatment at later terms of gestation is less effective.
This operation is carried out only in a hospital of a specialized clinic.
The first two days after suturing, the place of intervention is sanitized by specially appointed antiseptics. The duration of inpatient treatment is usually five to seven days. Everything depends on the threat of complication.
In the future, such a patient undergoes medical monitoring every two weeks outpatiently with her obstetrician-gynecologist.
Periodically, she needs to take a swab of vaginal discharge for analysis. Such a study is conducted at least once every two to three months.
The applied seams are removed in a hospital without anesthesia after the expiration of 37 to 38 weeks of gestation. After this, a woman should be under medical supervision for at least 24 hours. This is done because during the first day after removal of the catgut, contractions and labor can begin.
If the mother is beginning to feel contractions, and the seams have not been removed, she should call an ambulance or taxi and go to the nearest maternity hospital.
At the waiting room, medical staff should immediately say that seams have been placed on the cervix. Catgut is necessary in such a situation to remove necessarily, without looking back for a week of pregnancy. Since during fights, a surgical thread can injure the organ in question by cutting it.
Modern medicine in recent years has increasingly begun to use a different, less traumatic organ to eliminate softening - the placement on the cervix of a special fixator - the ring Meyer, which has another name - pessary.
The obstetrician-gynecologist wears a special ring for the organ under consideration, which does not allow, until a certain time, the opening of the cervix and thereby removes the threat of miscarriage.
All the above methods should be applied in the early stages of pathological manifestations. This will protect the future mother and her fetus from infection, which can only add problems.
To give concrete effective recommendations, it is necessary to study well the causes and mechanism of the development of pathology. Therefore, the prevention of soft cervix can be expressed by a number of recommendations:
- If a woman already had precedents, she was diagnosed with ischemic-cervical insufficiency, had miscarriages or it was found earlier, then it is more important than planning the next conception to seek help from a doctor and undergo a comprehensive examination. If the diagnosis is confirmed, in most cases, the specialist will suggest the reconstruction of the cervix, after which, a woman fearlessly can become pregnant, bear and give birth to a healthy baby. Obstetrician - gynecologist will appoint if necessary and therapeutic treatment.
- If a woman already has a child, then it is worth keeping the interval of the next birth for at least two years. During this time, the maternity body will be fully restored.
- It should not be delayed with registration for pregnancy, and do it as soon as possible.
- It is necessary to comply with all requirements and recommendations of physicians.
- You should lead a healthy lifestyle, including sexual: exclude casual relationships, the more sexual partners, the higher the risk of "catching" a sexually transmitted infection.
- Do not ignore the vaccination and regularly undergo a routine checkup.
If a woman promptly turned to a specialist and was diagnosed correctly, the prognosis of the soft cervix is optimistic enough. After the course of treatment, she is able to conceive, endure and reproduce a strong and healthy child.
When carrying out the necessary measures, the probability of miscarriage of such patients decreases two to three times. Therefore, after conception should be as soon as possible to register for pregnancy. Such obstetrician - gynecologist should give more attention to such women in labor.
The time of bearing a baby makes the future mommy especially receptive to words and actions. Therefore, if she is diagnosed with a soft cervix of the uterus, and before the birth is still far enough - despair should not be. Modern medicine is ready to help in this matter. We should only allow specialists to do this as early as possible, when the cervix, the uterus and the fetus have not yet been infected. The main thing is not to lose faith and take the help of medics. Then the likelihood of fulfilling the desire to become a mother is great, having produced a healthy baby.
In the world of medicine, there is a so-called register of diseases - "International Classification of Diseases of the Tenth Revision" (code for μb 10). In it, the changes we are interested in in the physiology of the uterus have their own coding and can be denoted by an individual code - D26 - other benign neoplasms of the uterus, D26.0, which is called the cervix.
In this article:

domain: medical


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#EndSARS: Enugu based NGO reveals what FG must do to stop youth agitation
An Enugu based NGO, Baywood Foundation, has demanded the implementation of 30 per cent affirmative action for youths in governance and leadership positions as a solution to agitations among youths in the country..
Speaking at a press conference in Enugu, the Country Director of the foundation, Mr Chukwudi Ojielo said that if youths are allowed to participate in the decision-making process, they will effect important changes in the political system which will result in effective development in the society.
“We call on government and as a matter of urgency to proclaim and implement a 30 per cent affirmative action for youths inclusion in governance and leadership positions in our country. This has to be transparent, respectful and accountable as it will cause a significant change that will drive development in the country.
“The engagement and inclusion of youths in formal policy, governance and politics will provide a platform for effective Civic participation that will create opportunities for fresh ideas and new leadership that can help to overcome the problem of bad governance.
“We are therefore using this medium to call on government at all levels to take action and adopt and legislate our Baywood Foundation initiatives as a panacea to ending youth agitation and rebuilding their trust in public institutions.”
The group also called on government including private and public establishments to adopt the intern and retain initiative of the foundation which is aimed at creating opportunities to advance the development and better the lives of the youth.
On his part, the chairman, National Youth Council of Nigeria (NYCN), Enugu State Branch, Mr Paschal Ugwu said the youth in the state are ready to take up leadership positions. He, however, advocated that the affirmative action should take effect from the political party level for it to be successful.
See video from press release below
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“Santa Rosa’s very own four piece Roadside Bombs bring to us a brand new 4 track 7″ EP entitled ‘Bring Em Home’
Having formed in 2008, The Roadside Bombs are collectively hardened veterans of the Sonoma County punk rock scene featuring former members of, to name a few, The Bodies,The Muggers and The Burdens and have already graced the stage with bands such as Agnostic Front,The Templars and Pressure Point.
If the EP’s front cover is anything to go by, or indeed the bands name, you would be forgiven for thinking this to be yet another overly political anti-War offering by a band who take themselves far too seriously. It isn’t, and they don’t.
This of course is not to say The Roadside Bomb’s lack a message in their punk rock manifesto, far from it. It’s just the message is pleasantly tucked away amongst their raw yet melodic appeal.
We kick off with the EP’s title rack, a strong opener that acts as a perfect foundation to vent. The band sing: “Bring our heroes back where they belong, before they’re dead and gone”
An obvious and heartfelt message stands at its core, that with todays many wars, enough is surely enough.
The track draws to a close with a flourish. It’s often folly to include to a guitar solo in a three minute song. Not here. My only complaint would be the bass level throughout the track seems slightly off. Not fitting in as well as it does elsewhere on the record.
Second up is the frantic ‘Tax Revolution’. I have never seen The Roadside Bombs Play live, but I imagine that when they play this, good things happen. Calories are lost by the bucket. At times straying pleasantly over to the hardcore side of the street, this track is an EP highlight.
With ‘My Side’, the EP’s shortest track at just under two minutes, we see that famous punk swagger in the form of confident vocals:
“You better watch your back on my side of town”
Another melodic number that again benefits from great guitar work.
Lastly ‘One Two’ brings to an end what is a very solid release. Over just like that, you are left wanting more, much more. An album. A show.
While The Roadside Bombs won’t win over many with originality, they will undoubtedly make many an ally with their earnest, heart on the sleeve punk rock. You already like punk, you know that, so go and like The Roadside Bombs.” -Treading Water
Vocals – Ben Coleman (The Muggers, The Feelers, Hood House)
Guitar – Jeremy Catrambone (The Quitters, Dekoiz, The Burdens)
Guitar – Richard Webb (The Quitters)
Bass – Zach Newbrand (Screeching Weasel, Big In Japan, High&Tight)
Drums -Eric Strand (Victims Family, Engage)


Islamabad, Shafqat Mahmood Federal Minister for Education said on Thursday that all the schools will resume to five day classes from Monday (March 1).
Al schools across the country will go back to regular five-day classes, he said in a tweet. He also tweeted, Restrictions imposed in some major cities on schools to conduct staggered classes was only till February 28.
Important announcement. All schools will go back to regular 5 day classes from Monday March 1. Restrictions imposed in some major cities on schools to conduct staggered classes was only till Feb 28.— Shafqat Mahmood (@Shafqat_Mahmood) February 25, 2021
In the first phase, On January 18, the classes of level 9 to 12 were started again as well as O and A level and the government had decided to reopen the universities across the country from February 1.
All the schools, colleges, universities and educational institutes were shut down on November 26 aimd the second wave of COVID-19 coronavirus.
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CT Angiography in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Background and Purpose— We sought to evaluate the ability of CT angiography (CTA) to determine vessel occlusion before acute stroke treatment and to predict its impact on patient outcome.
Methods— Consecutive patients with acute focal neurological deficits received immediate brain CTA. Occlusion on CTA was correlated with other neuroimaging studies and clinical outcome.
Results— Diagnostic CTA was obtained in 54 patients: catheter angiography (digital subtraction angiography) confirmed the CTA findings in 12 of 14 patients (86%). CTA results were consistent with at least 1 other neuroimaging study in 40 of 50 patients (80%). Patients with occlusion on CTA had significantly worse discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (mean 14.3 versus 4.5, P=0.0023). In multivariate analysis, both CTA-determined presence of occlusion and admission NIHSS score were independent predictors of clinical outcome.
Conclusions— In our study there was good agreement between acute CTA interpretation and subsequent imaging studies. CTA evidence of occlusion correlated strongly and independently with poor clinical outcome. CTA provides relevant data regarding vessel patency in acute stroke, which may be of value in selecting patients for aggressive treatment.
Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute ischemic stroke has been shown to be effective within 3 hours of onset, but criticism has been levied against this mode of treatment because it fails to document vessel occlusion at the time of treatment.1 Previous studies clearly indicate that close to 30% of patients with symptoms of major stroke have no demonstrable vessel occlusion on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) performed within a few hours of onset.2–4 A method for rapidly and reliably confirming intracranial vessel occlusion before thrombolytic treatment is desirable. CT angiography (CTA) is potentially useful for this purpose: previous studies evaluating CTA in acute stroke have demonstrated its feasibility and have shown good correlation with other vascular imaging modalities.5–8 We sought to provide further data on the accuracy of CTA in acute stroke and to investigate its ability to predict clinical outcome.
Subjects and Methods
Sequential patients presenting with acute symptoms suggesting cerebral ischemia received a nonenhanced brain CT followed immediately by CTA of the circle of Willis. CTA was performed as a clinically indicated study when, in the opinion of the treating physician, an immediate assessment of vascular status could assist in making acute treatment decisions. Most but not all patients were candidates for intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis; a few were considered for immediate anticoagulation with heparin. Clinical assessment and laboratory testing proceeded simultaneously with CTA data acquisition and reconstruction to avoid delays in treatment.
Imaging was performed on a General Electric Hi Speed Advantage single-slice spiral CT scanner with an intravenous bolus of 100 mL of radiographic contrast agent administered via a power injector. Scanning was timed to permit imaging proximal and distal branches of the circle of Willis; extracranial vessels were not imaged. Combined injection and scanning time took <5 minutes. Image reconstruction was performed at the control console immediately after completion of the injection. Axial, coronal, and sagittal projections of the intracranial vasculature were generated with the use of multiprojection volume reconstruction requiring approximately 5 minutes per plane. Images were available immediately after reconstruction, and the treating neurologist always reviewed these before making treatment decisions.
Intravenous tPA within 3 hours was administered by a stroke neurologist (P.V. or S.S.) to patients who qualified for this treatment according to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) criteria. Treatment decisions were based primarily on the clinical evaluation; CTA results provided supplemental information that aided but did not determine the treatment chosen. Patients not meeting NINDS criteria for intravenous tPA who could potentially benefit from thrombolysis received immediate DSA and microcatheter-directed intra-arterial tPA if an appropriate vascular occlusion was identified.
An experienced neuroradiologist (L.N.T.) not involved in the acute care of the patients but aware of presenting clinical signs and blinded to other neuroimaging studies identified the presence of a vascular obstruction on CTA consistent with the patient’s symptoms. Both vascular occlusions and high-grade stenoses in the appropriate territory were considered equivalent in this study. The patients’ neurological deficits were measured by a certified rater using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at the time of presentation and discharge.
CTA was successfully completed in 54 patients. Time from symptom onset to CTA was <6 hours in 38 patients (70%), between 6 and 12 hours in 14 patients (26%), and uncertain in 2 patients (4%). Occlusion or high-grade stenosis accounting for the patient’s symptoms was identified on CTA by the study neuroradiologist in 30 patients: 11 in the middle cerebral artery stem (M1 segment), 9 in a main middle cerebral artery branch (M2 segment), 7 in the distal internal carotid artery, and 1 each in the vertebral, posterior cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries.
Eight patients with evidence of occlusion on CTA received immediate intravenous tPA according to NINDS protocol. Nine others received immediate DSA for possible thrombolysis; CTA interpretation made at presentation was confirmed by DSA in all 9 patients. One of these patients had bilateral vertebral artery occlusions that were correctly identified on CTA at presentation but were missed when the CTA was read for study purposes. A typical example is shown in the Figure in a patient with an M1 occlusion demonstrated on a coronal CTA projection and confirmed by DSA performed immediately afterward. The CTA is able to clearly demonstrate the occlusion as well as the collateral supply to the occluded vessel via the pial circulation.
Intra-arterial thrombolysis was administered to 7 patients who underwent immediate DSA. Five other patients underwent DSA subacutely for diagnostic purposes. Overall, CTA detection of vessel occlusion corresponded with acute or subacute DSA results in 12 of 14 cases (86%), with correlation coefficient r=0.701, sensitivity of 82%, and specificity of 100%.
MR angiography (MRA) was performed in 12 patients in the subacute period; this confirmed the CTA findings in 9 cases (75%). Subsequent brain imaging studies (CT or MRI) were done in 50 patients; 40 of 50 (80%) of these were consistent with the CTA results by demonstrating an infarct in the vascular distribution corresponding to a CTA occlusion or absence of infarct when CTA showed no occlusion. CTA determination of occlusion was found to be consistent with at least 1 other study (DSA, MRA, or follow-up brain imaging) in 43 of 51 patients (84%), with correlation coefficient r=0.59, sensitivity of 87%, and specificity of 84%.
Clinical outcome was worse when CTA showed occlusion: mean discharge NIHSS score was 14.3 versus 4.5 in the absence of occlusion (P=0.0023, t test). Since outcome might be affected by treatment, this analysis was repeated while censoring the 11 patients who received thrombolytic treatment and had definite or possible recanalization. The results were essentially unchanged, with mean discharge NIHSS score of 13.5 versus 2.8 (P=0.0017, t test).
In univariate analysis, both CTA evidence of vessel occlusion and admission NIHSS score correlated with clinical outcome measured by discharge NIHSS score (r=0.51 and r=0.65, respectively; P=0.0001 for both, Spearman correlation coefficients). In multivariate regression analysis, both the admission NIHSS score and presence of occlusion on CTA were independent predictors of discharge NIHSS score.
CTA evidence of vessel occlusion as determined by the treating physicians was in agreement with immediate catheter angiography in 9 of 9 cases (100%). Previous studies comparing CTA with conventional angiography by Knauth et al5 showed agreement in 11 of 11 patients (100%), by Brandt et al6 in 6 of 6 (100%), by Wildermuth et al7 in 6 of 7 (86%), and by Shrier et al8 in 27 of 28 patients (96%). Our results are thus quite consistent with other studies and show good correlation of CTA results with immediate catheter angiography.
When CTA is compared with all DSAs, both acute and subacute, agreement is still good (86%) despite the fact that subacute angiograms might differ from the acute CTA because of spontaneous recanalization or subsequent reocclusion. When CTA is compared with all possible follow-up testing (DSA, MRA, and brain imaging studies), there is overall confirmation of the CTA reading in 80% of cases. We acknowledge the significant limitations inherent in using indirect and delayed studies as confirmation of CTA results.
An important finding of this study is that the presence of occlusion on CTA at presentation correlates strongly and independently with clinical outcome. Censoring patients receiving successful thrombolysis does not affect this association, supporting the interpretation that the poor outcomes reflect the natural history of acutely occluded vessels. Because CTA results are independent predictors of clinical outcome, they provide data that can supplement the clinical examination. These predictions are potentially useful in making treatment decisions involving thrombolysis. Further work in this area should aim at confirming these associations and identifying CTA characteristics that may help in selecting patients for intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis.
- Received April 20, 2001.
- Revision received July 6, 2001.
- Accepted October 10, 2001.
Lewandowski C, Frankel M, Tomsick T, Broderick J, Frey J, Clark W, Starkman S, Grotta J, Spilker J, Khoury J, Brott T, and the EMS Bridging Trial Investigators. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial r-tPA versus intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke: Emergency Management of Stroke (EMS) Bridging Trial. Stroke. 1999; 30: 2598–2605.
Wolpert S, Bruckmann H, Greenlee R, Wechsler L, Pessin M, del Zoppo G. Neuroradiologic evaluation of patients with acute stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993; 14: 3–13.
Knauth M, von Kummer R, Jansen O, Hahnel S, Dorfler A, Sartor K. Potential of CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997; 18: 1001–1010.
Brandt T, Knauth M, Wildermuth S, Winter R, von Kummer R, Sartor K, Hacke W. CT angiography and Doppler sonography for emergency assessment in acute basilar artery ischemia. Stroke. 1999; 30: 606–612.
Wildermuth S, Knauth M, Brandt T, Winter R, Sartor K, Hacke W. Role of CT angiography in patient selection for thrombolytic therapy in acute hemispheric stroke. Stroke. 1998; 29: 935–938.
Shrier D, Tanaka H, Numaguchi Y, Konno S, Patel U, Shibata D. CT angiography in the evaluation of acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997; 18: 1011–1020.

domain: literature


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In a bid to undertake one of the largest tax reforms in the country, the Government of India successfully passed the required legislation for the Goods and Services Tax (GST) this year – a uniform tax structure that replaces the existing Value Added Tax (VAT) regime by subsuming a majority of the central and state level taxes.
To finalise the modalities of the tax reform, the government constituted a GST Council as a federal body, as announced under the budgetary provisions for FY 2017-18. The council has been mandated with the powers to decide on the rates of taxation for various items and services produced and traded across the country, and are categorised under five tax slabs of zero, 5, 12, 18 and 28 percent.
In its recent decision, the GST council has proposed a 12% tax bracket on “sanitary towels, sanitary napkins, and tampons” – all need-based menstrual hygiene products. However, items such as sindoor/kumkum (vermilion) – considered essential to the ‘identity’ of a married Hindu woman and bangles – have been fully exempted.
— Anand Ranganathan (@ARanganathan72) May 24, 2017
That, items associated with a specific cultural tradition have been kept out of the purview of taxation while products such as sanitary napkins (associated with the traditionally tabooised phenomenon of menstruation) are being taxed at significantly high rates, merits a serious review of the manner in which women-oriented policies are framed in India.
Months before the GST council announced the tax rates on various items, Sushmita Devi, a Member of Parliament had initiated a dedicated campaign demanding the removal of taxes on sanitary napkins. By the time the tax rates were announced, her petition already received close to 65,000 signatories. Prior to Ms. Devi’s campaign, Trisha Shetty, founder of SheSays, an NGO working on the issue of women’s rights in India, had tied up with the Global Citizen India foundation, in 2016, to petition for tax-free sanitary napkins. These were among the few prominent voices on the issue who laid bare the apathy of India’s economic policies towards menstruation. But, evidently, little heed was paid to their concerns by the GST council.
Clearly, this government feels that it is perfectly alright to tax the menstruating women for a phenomenon which is perfectly natural to their being, while exempting ‘culturally approved ways of life’ from taxation. One is almost immediately led to wonder whether this was a mere policy miss or a deliberate act.
No Panel for Women
A cursory glance at the composition of the GST council reveals that the gender ratio in the 32 member council, headed by union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and comprising of state finance ministers, is highly skewed. Out of 32, the council has only one female member and 31 male members. For a powerful federal body delegated with the authority to make policies for a nation of 1.25 billion people, it is indeed surprising that almost half of the target population finds little or no representation in it.
— Sanitary Panels (@sanitarypanels) May 23, 2017
As an unfortunate consequence, the GST council has come up with taxation policies which are not are highly unsympathetic to the concerns of the minority gender in the panel. That the government was not mindful of the impact of an all-male council on the economic policies of the country is reflective of the general apathy in the policy-making circles towards the issue of women participation, gender equity, and the necessity of gender based budgeting. It also reflects the nature of gender-related policies in India, which are mostly exclusionary, adversely non-incorporative, and in many cases, fail to recognise specific policy needs. An observation in this regard, made by the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), noted that in India, the socio-economic policies and institutions including the budgetary provisions and the trade regimes still fail to give a due consideration to the issue of gender disparities.
Exemplative of the observations, this case highlights how the macroeconomics of centre-state relations has evidently trumped the micro-economics of a gender-balanced panel. The reformation of tax structures underlines how the mindset of decision-makers shapes the socio-political economy of the country. The manipulation of economic policies to usher in a socio-cultural re-engineering has made itself strongly evident in the case of GST decisions. The 12% is essentially the price that a menstruating woman is paying for simply being a woman. That she does not have a choice or a say in this matter, has been completely dismissed by the policy-makers.
— SheSays (@SheSaysIndia) May 28, 2017
Some figures are helpful in revealing the condition of menstruating women in India. One report puts the figure of menstruating women in India without any access to sanitary products during their periods at a staggering 88%, as a consequence of which they end up using unsafe and unhygienic alternatives such as rags, husk, ash and sand. As a result almost 23% of girls drop out of school when they start menstruating. Besides, the lack of access to hygienic sanitary products including napkins and ‘environment-friendly cups’ is responsible for 70% of reproductive diseases In India.
A major obstacle to the use of such products is their affordability. Sanitary napkins are priced between Rs 10 and 15 per pad, which adds up to anywhere between Rs 100-150 as the ‘cost’ for one cycle. Menstrual cups which are introduced as the new age alternative to sanitary napkins are priced around Rs 400-600, but are not commonly available. Under the previous tax structure, the VAT on such products ranged between 10-14.5 percent for different states. In the new tax regime, the tax burden has been pegged at a constant rate of 12%. Given the socio-economic importance of good sanitation practices, women’s reproductive health and related issues such as literacy and other social freedoms, it should have been the primary responsibility of the government to target a 100% access to sanitary products, making them both affordable and easily available.
Policies that promote safe sanitary practices among menstruating women are also critically important in eliminating the taboo associated with the phenomenon and the practice. The existing restraints with menstrual hygiene have a lot to do with the fact that there is general reluctance in holding a public discussion on menstruation. Even within families, menstruating women are subjected to discriminatory practices that are rooted in traditional beliefs, and are expected to suffer in silence. One simple economic policy could have signalled a radical social shift for the society, at least at the institutional level. It could have provided an appropriate rationale for de-tabooising the phenomenon, more so because the entire GST agenda has already received much traction in the public discourse. But, unfortunately, we are yet to see this happen in India.
— Sanitary Panels (@sanitarypanels) May 16, 2017
Ideology over Economics?
To put the use of sindoor and bangles, a practice which is usually based on individual choice, over the use of sanitary pads – hardly a matter of choice – falls in line with the concept of ‘developmental hindutva’, an economic ideology propagated by the BJP government, which also encompasses wide-ranging cultural objectives. Feminism has often clashed with the hindutva ideology in latent yet decisive ways: emphasis on women’s right over their bodies, their quest for equal participation in traditionally patriarchal spaces (including marriages and families), and their push for greater role in socio-economic activities, often come at loggerheads with the rigid, top-down social structures under the Hindu belief system. The process of reformation and codification of Hindu personal laws through the introduction of the Hindu code bills, the fight over the right of menstruating women to enter temples, or the demand for an inclusion of marital rape as a criminal offence under section 375 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) are reflective of this ideological clash.
For those making the argument that the decision has nothing to do with ideology, it becomes important to point out that every economic decision made by the policy-makers of a country hinges on a socially-derived rationale and is therefore both social and political in nature. To argue that economics of the decision should be put over its ethical, social and moral implications is to argue that the ultimate end of governance should not be the amelioration of human condition but the maximisation of economic profits for narrow, vested interests.
Besides, the idea that women’s reproductive health has no implications for the economy is a grossly short-sighted argument. With women forming the backbone of an economy supporting both paid and unpaid labour, entrusted with the additional responsibilities of household and childcare, the notion that their health concerns can be sidelined or overlooked for greater good of greater numbers is both misguided and entrenched in blissful ignorance.
The promotion of discriminatory and exclusionary policies by the ruling government helps in promoting and subsequently normalizing an otherwise regressive mindset. While the jargon on national television on the government’s concerns for women’s rights might suggest otherwise, the policy proposals being passed by the parliament merit a closer look at what is being promised and what is being delivered. While the push for more inclusive, and gender sensitive policies will come from the bottom, the mindset at the top is suggestive of a general apathy towards such concerns.
The broader idea being: If you can’t beat them, tax them!
Niharika Tagotra is a Researcher at the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi, and currently looks into India’s nuclear energy policies. She is also pursuing M.Phil from The Centre for International Politics, Organisation and Disarmament at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
Views expressed here are the author’s own.

domain: sociology


text:
Click Image for Gallery
Enjoy your music on your next adventure by simply plugging in your digital music devices to the front USB or auxiliary input.
- Front USB for iOs & MSC/MTP USB devices, USB playback supports MP3/WMA/FLAC
- Advanced sound with EQ5 & Megabass, Works with Pandora (iOs and Android)
- Convenient wireless remote supplied


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Why book Moonlit In The Sun through GigMasters?
To help you add life to your party, GigMasters guides you through the entire process
of searching, comparing, contacting, booking, and rating vendors. Convenient.
In addition to Leesburg, Moonlit In The Sun will also travel to Rippon, Paeonian Springs, Hamilton, Blair, Ashburn, Halltown, Millville, Waterford, Lincoln, Bakerton, Beallsville, Philomont, Poolesville, Purcellville, Arcola, Dickerson, Dulles Airport, Round Hill, Sterling, Aldie, Lovettsville, Point Of Rocks, Tuscarora, Barnesville, Middleburg, Adamstown, Bluemont, Herndon, Boyds, Brunswick
and many other locations in and around the Leesburg area.

domain: geography


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John Glenn holds a PhD in English from the University of Florida. He is now an assistant professor of English at Atlanta Metropolitan State College, and his writings have appeared in The Birmingham News, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, and Library Journal.
With their book ‘Equal Is Unfair,’ Yaron Brook and Don Watkins expose the dishonesty of the income inequality debate and open readers minds to the potential of free markets.
Why so many people overemphasize and value talent over hard work? The book ‘Grit’ sets out teach us overcoming adversity is the key to mastery.
The energies of activists and any Americans who want to see substantive progress should be directed toward promoting individual opportunity, which is this nation’s greatest strength.
We waste too much time on anecdotal conversations about race—especially after tragedies that have racial elements to them.
What Education Secretary John King is doing in the name of minority kids will actually make their education worse.
- Watch Bari Weiss Embarrass Brian Stelter On His Own ShowWeiss noted that CNN is a key media player when it comecontinue reading >
- For Christians, Dying From COVID (Or Anything Else) Is A Good ThingIt is time for Christians individually and corporately continue reading >
- The Left Wanted To Destroy The Police, And So Far They’ve SucceededIn virtually every major Democrat-run city and beyond, continue reading >


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The Shuroo Process 123Movies
Movie was released on 2021-11-24 and lasts 134 min. The Shuroo Process belongs to the following categories: Comedy, Drama. Directed by Emrhys Cooper.Overview
A young New York City journalist, frustrated with the pressures of a failing publishing world and a less-than-promising romantic life, is sent on a journey of self-improvement with catastrophic consequences.
Watch online free full movie The Shuroo Process on 123Movies site without registration with subtitles in HD 720p / 1080p / 4k which was released in 2021 & directed by Emrhys Cooper.

domain: artistic


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A novel composite formulation of palmitoylethanolamide and quercetin decreases inflammation and relieves pain in inflammatory and osteoarthritic pain models.
BMC Vet Res. 2017 Aug 2 ;13(1):229. Epub 2017 Aug 2. PMID: 28768536
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common progressive joint disease in dogs and cats. The goal of OA treatment is to reduce inflammation, minimize pain, and maintain joint function. Currently, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., meloxicam) are the cornerstone of treatment for OA pain, but side effects with long-term use pose important challenges to veterinary practitioners when dealing with OA pain. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally-occurring fatty acid amide, locally produced on demand by tissues in response to stress. PEA endogenous levels change during inflammatory and painful conditions, including OA, i.e., they are typically increased during acute conditions and decreased in chronic inflammation. Systemic treatment with PEA has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects in several disorders, yet data are lacking in OA. Here we tested a new composite, i.e., PEA co-ultramicronized with the natural antioxidant quercetin (PEA-Q), administered orally in two different rat models of inflammatory and OA pain, namely carrageenan paw oedema and sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA. Oral treatment with meloxicam was used as benchmark.
RESULTS: PEA-Q decreased inflammatory and hyperalgesic responses induced by carrageenan injection, as shown by: (i) paw oedema reduction, (ii) decreased severity in histological inflammatory score, (iii) reduced activity of myeloperoxidase, i.e., a marker of inflammatory cell infiltration, and (iv) decreased thermal hyperalgesia. Overall PEA-Q showed superior effects compared to meloxicam. In MIA-treated animals, PEA-Q exerted the following effects: (i) reduced mechanical allodynia and improved locomotor function, (ii) protected cartilage against MIA-induced histological damage, and (iii) counteracted the increased serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, metalloproteases 1, 3, 9 and nerve growth factor. The magnitude of these effects was comparable to, or even greater than, those of meloxicam.
CONCLUSION: The present findings shed new light on some of the inflammatory and nociceptive pathways and mediators targeted by PEA-Q and confirm its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects in rodent OA pain models. The translatability of these observations to canine and feline OA pain is currently under investigation.

domain: chemistry


Using built-in brainwave sensors and binaural beats, Sleep Shepherd Blue accurately tracks your sleep and helps you improve sleep quality. Sounds cool? Let’s keep checking.
The Sleep Shepherd Blue is an advanced smart tracking device that focuses on your sleep. As we can see from the images, the sleep tracker is shaped as a headband, and the headband fabric is 80% nylon and 15% spandex in order to deliver a comfortable wearing experience and durable construction.
With a patent-pending biofeedback system using customized binaural beats and passive EEG sensors, the sleep tracker monitors your sleep and determined your actual sleep stages, and built-in Bluetooth technology allows it to sync tracking data to your smartphone, and its companion app shows you detailed data about sleep levels, sleep quality and time spent on each sleep orientation.
Furthermore, the sleep tracker also features integrated smart alarm that gradually lifts you out of sleep using binaural beats as your pre-set wake time approaches, and based on your sleep data, the sleep tracker also introduces an overlaid alarm that makes you wake up felling refreshed.
The crowdfunding campaign for Sleep Shepherd Blue is in progress on Kickstarter. You can pledge $199 to preorder the smart sleep tracker. It will be shipped in May this year. BTW, also don’t miss the non-contact sleep monitor and more related cool stuff by following tags.


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...busy roads. Sterling Principal Denise Kelly took to the side of the Sterling Highway...zone traffic. Parents Sarah Williams and Kelly DeSmidt joined in the hand waving with...that we have a school on a highway," Kelly said. "There is a level of decency people...
...hearts," she said. "She's (Cox) about as cute as a button," said Director of Development and Communications Jennifer Brown. "We had a lot of fun with her yesterday."Reach Kelly Sullivan at email@example.com
...He said the sign, created by teacher Gina Ellis that is tied to the bench is a good reminder for people to use it. "It has worked out really wonderfully," Mayberry said. Reach Kelly Sullivan at firstname.lastname@example.org
...figures on their TV gospel network Fox News, they don't seem to mind it a bit.He just can't stop insulting Fox host Megyn Kelly for the unforgivable sin of asking him tough questions, and he even retweeted a Twitter message calling her a "bimbo." Obviously...
KPC's fall semester began last week, but there's still time to register for classes. The college's late registration period will be open through Sept. 4. Students can visit the campus to complete a late registration form and sign up for classes.
...projects annually, and all eligible projects must be installed for a minimum of five years, be permanent, and comply with city code, according to the program guidelines. Reach Kelly Sullivan at email@example.com
...possibilities are endless. You can take one ingredient and it turn into 100 different things. It is challenging because it is impossible to please everyone, but I want to try." Reach Kelly Sullivan at firstname.lastname@example.org.
...It is better, the more the community is involved," Anderson said. "We (the board) have had a good interactions with the community, but there can always be more."Reach Kelly Sullivan at email@example.com.
...their customers. "Alaska is going to have to start moving in that direction," Consenstein said. "Direct sales might be one of the only options for the small farmers." Reach Kelly Sullivan at firstname.lastname@example.org.
...revisions as "major changes that will happen once a year." He said he does not expect any more discussions until January when the Fiscal Year 2017 budget discussions come up. Reach Kelly Sullivan at email@example.com.
Peninsula Clarion ©2013. All Rights Reserved.


If you’re a deer hunter, you know that choosing the right bullet is important for taking down your game. But what do you need to consider when selecting a bullet for deer stalking? In this post, we’ll discuss the key factors to keep in mind when making your decision. So read on to learn more!
What to look for when choosing a bullet for deer stalking
When choosing a bullet for deer stalking, there are several things you need to take into account. First, consider the weight and size of the bullet. You want to make sure that the bullet is not too light or too heavy, as this can impact its performance. Second, think about the type of rifle you’ll be using. Some rifles are better suited for certain types of bullets than others. Third, consider the range at which you’ll be shooting. Different bullets have different effective ranges, so you need to make sure you choose one that is suitable for the distance you’ll be shooting from. Finally, think about the terrain you’ll be hunting in. Some bullets are better suited for open areas while others perform better in thick brush. Keep all of these factors in mind when choosing a bullet for deer stalking and you’re sure to find one that will work well for your needs.
The most popular types of bullets for deer stalking
There are many different types of bullets available on the market, but some are more popular than others for deer stalking. One of the most popular types of bullets is the soft point bullet. This type of bullet is designed to expand on impact, which makes it ideal for taking down deer. Another popular type of bullet is the hollow point bullet. Hollow point bullets are also designed to expand on impact, but they typically have a larger expansion than soft point bullets. This makes them ideal for long-range shots, as they can still expand even at long distances. Finally, the ballistic tip bullet is becoming increasingly popular for deer stalking. Ballistic tip bullets are designed to offer high accuracy and penetration, making them a good choice if you’re looking to take down deer at long range.
How to determine the right weight and caliber for your needs
When choosing a bullet for deer stalking, you need to consider the weight and caliber of the bullet. The weight of the bullet is measured in grains and is generally between 40 and 200 grains. The caliber of the bullet is measured in inches or millimeters and is generally between 0.308 and 0.460 inches (or 7.62 and 11.68mm). The most important thing to remember when selecting a bullet is to choose one that is appropriate for the rifle you’ll be using. Different rifles are better suited for different weights and calibers of bullets, so make sure to consult your rifle’s owner’s manual before making your choice.
The benefits of using premium ammunition
While there are many different types of bullets available, some are better than others. Premium ammunition is generally more expensive than standard ammunition, but it offers several benefits that make it worth the extra cost. Premium ammunition is typically more accurate than standard ammunition, meaning you’ll be able to hit your target more often. In addition, premium ammunition is often designed to offer better penetration and expansion, making it a good choice for long-range shots or for hunting in thick brush. If you’re looking for the best possible results when deer stalking, consider using premium ammunition.


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A brief history The Villa
Committed to giving our customers an amazing dining experience each and every visit.
The Villa has been family-owned and operated right here in
Columbia, SC since the old Five Points location was established on
February 1, 1972. The restaurant was a failed franchise called The
Pizza Villa. We took Pizza off the sign and called it The Villa.
The second location opened on May 7, 1977 on a two lane road called Bush River Rd. Both locations continued to operate until the one in Five Points closed in 1993. Several of the murals which were painted directly on the walls of the building had to be cut out and moved, some in as many as four sections. The Villa on Bush River was remodeled to add a second dining room which now displays the original murals and was completed in 1994. The restaurant became what it is today when the bar area was completed in 2005. The carpet and booths may be new but the recipes are still prepared in the same way they were in 1972.

domain: history


text:
People are reminded that they can have their say on plans for devolution in the North East.
The North East Combined Authority (neca) is holding a number of consultation events and people can also give their views online via the neca website.
The next event will be held on Monday (Nov 9) at Gateshead Civic Centre between 11am and 1pm.
Further events will take place on;
• Tuesday 10 November, 5pm until 7pm in Northumberland;
• Thursday 12 November, 1pm until 3pm in Newcastle; and
• Monday 16 November, 6.30pm until 8.30pm in North Tyneside.
Anyone wishing to attend is asked to register in advance by emailing firstname.lastname@example.org
To take part in the consultation online people should visit www.northeastca.gov.uk/devolution
Details about the proposed devolution agreement for the North East and a short video giving information on what it would mean for people living and working in the region are also on the website.
Members of the combined authority and the Government signed the proposed agreement on Friday 23 October. Final approval remains subject to a number of factors, including further public consultation.

domain: politics


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Hello and welcome to the latest edition of the Giant Bomb Community Spotlight and I, @zombiepie, am once again honored to be your host as we look back at the best user-created offerings from the previous week! During the 02/21/2020 UPF the other moderators and myself had a fun chat about how far this site has come. The fact that startles me the most is how the CBSi "era" of Giant Bomb has long since exceeded the Whiskey Media days. And I don't mention any of this to slander the site or its staff members, but it's something I've never really accepted as fact. If you wanted to know, whenever us moderators reminisce about the "old days" HitmanAgent47 comes up. Jeez, I'd be surprised to see how many of you remember HitmanAgent47... use the comments below to show if you have any idea what I'm talking about! Anyways, here's the site-related housekeeping!
I've never played Animal Crossing, I'm planning to get the new one, but all these AC tweets have reminded me of one of my favourite Giant Bomb moments pic.twitter.com/ouoU3pUQtV— Liam Tasker (@LiamNTasker) February 20, 2020
Another hard day out huntin'. Caught me a garbage can, let's drink some beers!— Giant Bomb Out of Context (@giantbomb_ooc) February 17, 2020
- Jeff Gerstmann, 2017
We have another HILARIOUS edition of OddParticle's Jeff Hachi webcomic series! It is another reminder that the VRodeo is a video series we all need back in our lives.
Calling all Call of Duty fans! There's a newly revived online community regiment for Call of Duty: Modern Warfare! If you are up for networking with other Giant Bomb users playing the game, then this is the thread for you! Get the details on how to join it using the link above!
Over on YouTube, someone decided to "animate" the Blue Chew ad during the free version of Giant Bombcast #620, and it really is "something." Then again, aren't all podcast ads?
Do Not Buy This Game, Or If You Already Have, Return It [Wolcen: Lords of Mayhem] (By: @bicycleham)
bicycleham bought Wolcen: Lords of Mayhem, despite hearing warnings from Rorie to the contrary, and blogs about his constant struggles to finish the game despite its glitches, bugs, and relatively unfinished story.
nateandrews is highly intrigued by the direction Ubisoft is taking with Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege. Read why they are excited about the company's "five-year plan" for the game using the link above!
Moderator ZombiePie took a different approach with their "Best of the 2010s" blog. On it, they hand out decade superlatives like "Best Dark Middle Chapter," "Most Fabulous Prank" and "Single Worst Story Arc!" Give it a read and discover which games took their humorous awards!
Giant Bomb user InfiniteSpark published an exhaustive retrospective on their gaming highs and lows from the 2010s! Read all about what they loved and hated from the decade!
bakoomerang finally got around to playing Darksiders Genesis and blogs about why they found it to be a thoroughly fun romp and why they think the game deserves more credit than what it got last year!
PurpleShyGuy LOVES Celeste and uses their latest blog on Giant Bomb to discuss why they think it is "the hardest game anyone can beat." Gice it a read and discover what they mean!
A Bracer's Impact [The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky SC] +
First, Mento continues their blog series for The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky SC and this week looks at the game's use of jobs and classes to lend more storytelling to its cast of characters. Finally, they have another AMAZING episode of their Indie Game of the Week blog series with episode discussing Princess Remedy by developer Ludosity Interactive!
Sombre talks about turning thirty and gaming taking a backseat in their work-life-balance. Give it a read and share your own experiences with gaming and growing older. It's a feeling I'm all too familiar with, but have no solutions to that I can think of.
As the title suggests, what are the most FAMOUS and well-known video game spin-offs? Can you think of any video game examples of spin-offs overtaking the series they are based on?
BigSocrates wonders aloud why SEGA hasn't done more to promote and advertise the Sonic movie. For example, where's the tie-in game? If you have a hunch as to why that's the case, feel free to share it.
Satisfactory is coming to Steam after some time as an Epic Store exclusive. Are there any of you who will finally check out the game? Join our discussion thread about the news using the link above!
Video games based on animes sometimes get a bad rap, but what are some well-known anime franchises you'd like to see get adapted? And before you ask, gacha games do not count.
Obviously, the title says "Vinny," but the question applies to the rest of the Giant Bomb crew. Would you like to see Dreams receive additional coverage much like how the site covered OG Super Mario Maker?
Here's a thread that welcomes you to share the games that blew your mind when you were younger, but today make you say "what was I thinking?" For me, my game is Call of Duty: Finest Hour. I played it a ton as a kid, but DAMN has it aged like milk.
durgerburglar has fallen in love with Xbox Game Pass and uses their latest list on the site to annotate the games they think make the serve worth the price of entry!

domain: hobby


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Ryan Wolfe is a week away from closing out his stellar football career at UNLV, but it will end on the sideline with crutches instead of on the field padding his reception records.
Wolfe’s final season came to a close Friday after it was determined he broke a bone in his left foot during Wednesday’s practice at Rebel Park.
He is expected to have surgery sometime next week and begin a rehabilitation program that will last eight to 12 weeks, after which he will be on crutches for up to six weeks, according to UNLV.
Wolfe called the injury a “freak thing” in a UNLV news release.
“I just rolled my foot a little bit,” he said. “It’s unfortunate, but I realize there’s nothing I can do but focus on getting better and back into playing shape as soon as possible.”
Wolfe was not available for additional comment.
Wolfe’s total of 3,495 receiving yards is fourth in Mountain West Conference history and just 139 yards short of the record held by Colorado State’s David Anderson. Wolfe leads the conference this season with 74 receptions, which ranks 18th nationally.
Rebels coach Mike Sanford was disheartened by the injury to his star player, who is 12th best in NCAA Division I history with 283 career catches. Wolfe was in Sanford’s first recruiting class five years ago.
“It’s really sad, a sad situation,” Sanford said.
Sanford said Wolfe and about 10 other players were held out of contact drills Wednesday, which were part of the team’s bye week workouts. But Wolfe wanted to work on his punt returns. The coach said Wolfe “had a few bumps and bruises” and was on the field wearing a helmet but no pads.
Wolfe fielded a punt and caught his foot in a seam in the artificial turf at the team’s on-campus practice facility, Sanford said.
“In the five years I’ve been here at UNLV we’ve had several foot injuries,” Sanford said. “(Wolfe’s) injury raises the question about the safety of our turf at Rebel Park. It’s been overdue for replacement. It’s an unsafe field to practice on.”
Sanford was fired Nov. 15 after losing 45-17 at Air Force on Nov. 14. He blamed his program’s struggles the past five years, in part, on substandard facilities.
It bothers Sanford, who will coach the season finale on Nov. 28 against San Diego State, that he will not be able to take Wolfe out of next week’s home game so the player he calls “probably the best receiver ever in the Mountain West Conference” can receive an ovation from the crowd at Sam Boyd Stadium.
“He has been such a great player for us, and what a great leader he’s been,” Sanford said. “He’s just a tremendous young man.”
Two weeks ago, Wolfe, who will turn 23 on Monday, was selected as a first-team wide receiver on the 2009 CoSIDA Academic All-District Eight Team and could become the first Rebel to be selected to the Academic All-America team.
He earned his bachelor’s degree in kinesiology from UNLV with a cumulative 3.55 grade point average before this season began and has a 4.0 GPA in graduate school, where he is pursuing a master’s degree in sports education.
Contact reporter Jeff Wolf at firstname.lastname@example.org or 702-383-0247.

domain: sports


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Waived on June 29, 2017.
Juliao returns to Sporting after two years back in his native Brazil, eager to retake the starting right back he manned in 2014, the season he played in 23 matches, all starts, for SKC. The MLS side had first scouted him at the 2014 Disney Pro Soccer Classic when Juliao featured for Fluminense's academy team.
A marauding fullback who likes to get up and down the right flank with reckless abandon, Juliao returned to Fluminense at the end of the 2014 MLS season and the club loaned him to three other Brazilian teams (ABC Futebol Clube, Macae and Ferroviaria).
OUTSIDE MLS: Juliao joined Fluminense as an 8-year-old. After nine years of development in their academy system, Julião made his Série A debut in 2012 at age 17. He played three games during his first professional season as Fluminense FC won its fourth league title in the club's 114-year history. In 2013, Julião enjoyed a breakout campaign that saw him make 22 total appearances for the reigning Série A champions.
INTERNATIONAL: Appeared for Brazil's Under-20 national team in 2013, playing three matches at the South American Youth Championship.


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NEW DELHI: In a major boost to its power equipment supply plans, Anil Ambani owned Reliance Energy Ltd. (REL) has won the engineering procurement and construction (EPC) contract for the 1,200 MW Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) project costing Rs. 3,725 crore.
According to a company release, DVC has embarked on an accelerated power capacity addition plan for the XI Plan. The power plant based on 2 x 600 MW units is coming up at Raghunathpur, Purulia district in West Bengal.
DVC has entrusted the implementation of this project based on coal to REL. The contract will be implemented in an accelerated schedule of 38 months.
The DVC contract comes close on the heels of the successful implementation of the 2 x 300 MW power plant EPC project at Yamunanagar and the 2 x 600 MW Hissar power project in Haryana. With the above, Reliance Energy will be implementing coal-based power projects of capacity exceeding 3,000 MW on EPC basis, the largest in the private sector.


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We found 3 Lovebirds Birds in the UKCreate Search Alert
Enfield, Enfield >
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Tenterden, Kent >
Baby Lovebirds Blue masked NSL INO out of 1-0 Blue masked nsl ino x 0-1 Turquoise masked nsl ino 1 baby born 1 st jan - blue masked pict one 1 baby albino masked born 2nd jan 1 baby albino masked …
Owning a Lovebirds bird for a pet can be extremely rewarding and hilariously funny at the same time. They make great pets and are fun to have in your home. They’re attractive, charismatic and easy to care for. Take a look through our seller listings for your perfect, delicate, feathered friend.

domain: pet


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How To Get Your Mind Under Control?
Over-thinking is a state where your mind runs at 100 miles per hour when you have to make a decision. It doesn’t matter how important the decision is, your mind will automatically go into overdrive if you are a textbook over-thinker. This situation can be dangerous for your mental health in the long run. Getting a control over your mind is not an easy task. Over-thinking is exhausting but the mind still does it every time something is to be done, and so letting go of this habit is not something that will happen overnight. It will require a conscious effort on your part.
HOW TO STOP OVERTHINKING?
- LET GO OF YOUR PAST: Past memories keep a lot of people up at night thinking about that one embarrassing thing you did years ago that probably no one even remembers. Your mind however forces you to think that everyone does remember that and you go into a spiral at 2 in the morning. You need to get over your past experiences and know that you cannot change them. They re out of your control. You need to let go of all the negative emotions that are holding you back in order to move forward. This will clear up the mental space and help with the over-thinking.
- DO NOT OVER-THINK ABOUT YOUR FUTURE: Just like your past, your future events are also out of your control. But this does not stop you from over-analyzing every aspect of it and soon you start to worry about the stuff that hasn’t even happened yet and might not even happen. Live in the present. Stop worrying about the things that have happened and the things that are going to. All of it is out of your control. Every time you start to over-think, just take a deep breath and ask yourself “Can I control it?” and if the answer is ‘no’, just let it go.
- DISTRACT YOURSELF: Distraction can prove to be helpful when your mind is running amok. Perform an activity that you can control. For example cook something, go for a walk or do a workout, just keep yourself busy until your mind has made peace with the situation and is in your control.
- MEDITATION: Meditation is a proven method to help you calm down. Start with meditating for 10 minutes daily. This might not sound tough but calming your mind for 10 whole minutes is not easy for an over-thinker. All you need to do is find a quiet place, light an incense stick, close your eyes and just take deep breaths. Calm your mind and get a hole of it. As an added advantage, meditating will put you into a good mood too. Keep increasing your time a little bit and you will be very happy with the results.
- BE GRATEFUL: Most people over-think about their failures. They constantly emphasize on the fact that if they had done things differently, they would not have failed. What they don’t think about is how far they have come and how most people don’t get to be that lucky. Being grateful not only keeps you grounded but also keeps your mind at ease because you know that things are happening for a reason.
- TALK IT OUT: Never underestimate the power of a good talk. Any time your brain plays tricks on you just talk it out with someone who you admire. Talking to someone will take a huge load off your shoulders. The other person might have a different perspective about the dilemma you are facing and they can help you with it.
Somewhere in the subconscious part of our mind there is a voice that warns us when we are about to over-think. But if you have no control over your mind, you will ignore that voice and let the mind run off to drawing its own conclusions. Over-think is a undoubtedly a part of human experience but if that part is not controlled it could adversely affect your mental well being. So, try the above techniques and stop over-analyzing every aspect of everything that happens with you. Don’t let it be the reason for your unhappiness.
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domain: psychology


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U's ready for Robins test
Colchester have no new selection issues ahead of Swindon's visit as Joe Dunne's side look to continue their winning run.
The U's recovered from a nine-match losing run to record back-to-back victories in their last two outings, ensuring they head into the game with the in-form Robins full of confidence.
The only absentee in the United side remains midfielder Kem Izzet, who continues to struggle with an ankle injury.
At the weekend the manager handed starts to George Porter and Freddie Sears and the latter responded by netting from the penalty spot in the 3-2 win.
Dropped duo Marcus Bean and Drey Wright both came off the bench in the second half and are looking to reclaim their place in the starting line-up should Dunne choose to freshen things up.
Swindon are down to the bare bones, with a string of players unavailable for a side unbeaten in nine.
Troy Archibald-Henville (knee), Joe Devera and Miles Storey (both hamstring) missed the 1-1 draw at Crawley and will be unavailable once more, while Louis Thompson has a niggling injury.
Aaron Oakley is on international duty with Wales Under-21s while striker Paul Benson has moved to Cheltenham on loan and fellow forward Chris Martin is back at Norwich after his stay came to an end.
Manager Paolo Di Canio will not include Luke Rooney, whose move to Cheltenham failed to go through on deadline day in his matchday squad.
The Robins chief could name just six substitutes at Crawley and with four of those now unavailable the Italian is very short of resources.


America’s Lost Towns of Black Affluence
Parisian blog The Messy Nessy Chic shares its perspective on America's lost towns of Black affluence.
Editorial originally published at the Messynessychic.com
The Sugar Hill residence of Bishop Henry Young Tookes. Tookes was known for spreading the Gospel and philanthropy.
Going into this, I don’t think I was prepared at all for how un-unique the story of Florida’s Sugar Hill neighborhood really was. In the 1950s and 60s, the once upper class and prestigious Black community of Sugar Hill in Jacksonville, was chosen by city officials to be leveled to make way for a multi-lane expressway. Once known for its elegance and millionaire residents, Sugar Hill was left decimated, and what remains of it today sits largely boarded up, ghostly and overgrown. I found myself in a Google street view rabbit hole, despairing at all those neglected and condemned houses, comparing them to the vintage photographs of a once charming and prosperous neighborhood. But when you begin looking into a story like this, you’ll quickly find others – almost too many to count – before you start to realize, with a great big lump in your throat, that these stories of lost Black affluence are found in every major city across America, where this exact same thing happened at the exact same time.
The Abraham Lincoln Lewis residence in Jacksonville’s Sugar Hill. Lewis was the longtime president of the Afro-American Life Insurance Company who also founded American Beach in Nassau County. He was said to be one of Florida’s first African-American millionaires.
Local blog The Jaxson Magazine described the neighborhood of Sugar Hill as a “prestigious upscale streetcar suburb” where Jacksonville’s most prominent African-Americans lived from the late 1800s until the 1960s. “Elaborate residences lined the streets … built on the back of Black prosperity in an era of heightened local racial discrimination”. But the construction of the Jacksonville Expressway in 1960 saw Sugar Hill’s mansions demolished, along with the neighborhood’s prized 30-acre park which also housed the public library. Upon completion of the Jacksonville Expressway, Sugar Hill’s business district was decimated in one clean swoop. The once impressive tree-lined streets are now “lined with parking lots, McDonald’s and Walgreen’s Pharmacy”.
A look inside Sugar Hill’s Wilder Park Library. Wilder Park was the city’s largest public space for the African-American community during Segregation. Wilder Park was later eliminated to make way for the path of Interstate 95. (Courtesy of the Jacksonville Public Library Special Collections Department)
Typically, this kind of destructive urban development is presented to us as a textbook example of the “failures of modernism”. The more uncomfortable truth? For much of the 20th century, city officials and planning department officials had unrestricted powers to enact such development – and if White officials happened to be of the opinion that minority wealth and self-sustaining Black business posed a threat to affluent White communities, they certainly had the power to express it. Too often, it was the nicest minority neighborhoods that were thriving the most, which somehow found themselves in the “path of progress”. The destruction of communities like Sugar Hill has been blamed on modernism’s failures, but highways have destroyed countless predominantly Black communities across America and we would be remiss to think it was simply “bad luck” and that systematic racism didn’t play a very significant role in that.
Interstate 95 slices through what’s left of Sugar Hill today.
The same disregard and systematic disenfranchisement has happened in so many other ways too – they just aren’t always as visually apparent as a six-lane concrete expressway. “If you see dirt being turned on Sugar Hill’s vacant lots, it’s probably not new construction,” notes The Jaxson. “Instead, it’s more than likely the EPA replacing contaminated soil from a City of Jacksonville municipal solid waste incinerator that sprinkled ash all over the neighborhood from 1901 until the 1960s”.