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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5
Cell Cycle Proteins
CDC2 Protein Kinase
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
E2F1 Transcription Factor
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
MAP Kinase Signaling System
Transcription Factor DP1
E2F Transcription Factors
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
Molecular Sequence Data
Protein Kinase C
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Amino Acid Sequence
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
Gene Expression Regulation
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Casein Kinase II
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase 1
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
RNA, Small Interfering
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase 4
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
I-kappa B Kinase
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
E2F4 Transcription Factor
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Protein Kinase C-alpha
S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Protein Kinase C-delta
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1
Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
Janus Kinase 2
Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
Protein Kinase C-epsilon
MAP Kinase Kinase 2
MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1
Protein Kinase C beta
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8
Casein Kinase I
MAP Kinase Kinase 6
Cyclin C/CDK8 and cyclin H/CDK7/p36 are biochemically distinct CTD kinases. (1/122)Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II is important for basal transcriptional processes in vivo and for cell viability. Several kinases, including certain cyclin-dependent kinases, can phosphorylate this substrate in vitro. It has been proposed that differential CTD phosphorylation by different kinases may regulate distinct transcriptional processes. We have found that two of these kinases, cyclin C/CDK8 and cyclin H/CDK7/p36, can specifically phosphorylate distinct residues in recombinant CTD substrates. This difference in specificity may be largely due to their varying ability to phosphorylate lysine-substituted heptapeptide repeats within the CTD, since they phosphorylate the same residue in CTD consensus heptapeptide repeats. Furthermore, this substrate specificity is reflected in vivo where cyclin C/ CDK8 and cyclin H/CDK7/p36 can differentially phosphorylate an endogenous RNA polymerase II substrate. Several small-molecule kinase inhibitors have different specificities for these related kinases, indicating that these enzymes have diverse active-site conformations. These results suggest that cyclin C/CDK8 and cyclin H/CDK7/p36 are physically distinct enzymes that may have unique roles in transcriptional regulation mediated by their phosphorylation of specific sites on RNA polymerase II. (+info)
GAL4 is regulated by the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme-associated cyclin-dependent protein kinase SRB10/CDK8. (2/122)Phosphorylation of the yeast transcription factor GAL4 at S699 is required for efficient galactose-inducible transcription. We demonstrate that this site is a substrate for the RNA polymerase holoenzyme-associated CDK SRB10. S699 phosphorylation requires SRB10 in vivo, and this site is phosphorylated by purified SRB10/ SRB11 CDK/cyclin in vitro. RNA Pol II holoenzymes purified from WT yeast phosphorylate GAL4 at sites observed in vivo whereas holoenzymes from srb10 yeast are incapable of phosphorylating GAL4 at S699. Mutations at GAL4 S699 and srb10 are epistatic for GAL induction, demonstrating that SRB10 regulates GAL4 activity through this phosphorylation in vivo. These results demonstrate a function for the SRB10/ CDK8 holoenzyme-associated CDK that involves regulation of transactivators by phosphorylation during transcriptional activation. (+info)
Transcription: Common cofactors and cooperative recruitment. (3/122)Mammalian counterparts of the yeast SRB/MED transcriptional 'mediator' complex have recently been identified. These complexes define a common cofactor requirement for diverse transcriptional activators and underscore the conserved nature of the transcriptional machinery among eukaryotic organisms. (+info)
Multiple signals regulate GAL transcription in yeast. (4/122)Gal4p activates transcription of the Saccharomyces GAL genes in response to galactose and is phosphorylated during interaction with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme. One phosphorylation at S699 is necessary for full GAL induction and is mediated by Srb10p/CDK8 of the RNA Pol II holoenzyme mediator subcomplex. Gal4p S699 phosphorylation is necessary for sensitive response to inducer, and its requirement for GAL induction can be abrogated by high concentrations of galactose in strains expressing wild-type GAL2 and GAL3. Gal4p S699 phosphorylation occurs independently of Gal3p and is responsible for the long-term adaptation response observed in gal3 yeast. SRB10 and GAL3 are shown to represent parallel mechanisms for GAL gene induction. These results demonstrate that Gal4p activity is controlled by two independent signals: one that acts through Gal3p-galactose and a second that is mediated by the holoenzyme-associated cyclin-dependent kinase Srb10p. Since Srb10p is regulated independently of galactose, our results suggest a function for CDK8 in coordinating responses to specific inducers with the environment through the phosphorylation of gene-specific activators. (+info)
A regulatory shortcut between the Snf1 protein kinase and RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. (5/122)RNA polymerase II holoenzymes respond to activators and repressors that are regulated by signaling pathways. Here we present evidence for a "shortcut" mechanism in which the Snf1 protein kinase of the glucose signaling pathway directly regulates transcription by the yeast holoenzyme. In response to glucose limitation, the Snf1 kinase stimulates transcription by holoenzyme that has been artificially recruited to a reporter by a LexA fusion to a holoenzyme component. We show that Snf1 interacts physically with the Srb/mediator proteins of the holoenzyme in both two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays. We also show that a catalytically hyperactive Snf1, when bound to a promoter as a LexA fusion protein, activates transcription in a glucose-regulated manner; moreover, this activation depends on the integrity of the Srb/mediator complex. These results suggest that direct regulatory interactions between signal transduction pathways and RNA polymerase II holoenzyme provide a mechanism for transcriptional control in response to important signals. (+info)
Genetic analysis of the role of Pol II holoenzyme components in repression by the Cyc8-Tup1 corepressor in yeast. (6/122)The Cyc8-Tup1 corepressor complex is targeted to promoters by pathway-specific DNA-binding repressors, thereby inhibiting the transcription of specific classes of genes. Genetic screens have identified mutations in a variety of Pol II holoenzyme components (Srb8, Srb9, Srb10, Srb11, Sin4, Rgr1, Rox3, and Hrs1) and in the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4 that weaken repression by Cyc8-Tup1. Here, we analyze the effect of individual and multiple mutations in many of these components on transcriptional repression of natural promoters that are regulated by Cyc8-Tup1. In all cases tested, individual mutations have a very modest effect on SUC2 RNA levels and no detectable effect on levels of ANB1, MFA2, and RNR2. Furthermore, multiple mutations within the Srb components, between Srbs and Sin4, and between Srbs and histone tails affect Cyc8-Tup1 repression to the same modest extent as the individual mutations. These results argue that the weak effects of the various mutations on repression by Cyc8-Tup1 are not due to redundancy among components of the Pol II machinery, and they argue against a simple redundancy between the holoenzyme and chromatin pathways. In addition, phenotypic analysis indicates that, although Srbs8-11 are indistinguishable with respect to Cyc8-Tup1 repression, the individual Srbs are functionally distinct in other respects. Genetic interactions among srb mutations imply that a balance between the activities of Srb8 + Srb10 and Srb11 is important for normal cell growth. (+info)
Roles of transcription factor Mot3 and chromatin in repression of the hypoxic gene ANB1 in yeast. (7/122)The hypoxic genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are repressed by a complex consisting of the aerobically expressed, sequence-specific DNA-binding protein Rox1 and the Tup1-Ssn6 general repressors. The regulatory region of one well-studied hypoxic gene, ANB1, is comprised of two operators, OpA and OpB, each of which has two strong Rox1 binding sites, yet OpA represses transcription almost 10 times more effectively than OpB. We show here that this difference is due to the presence of a Mot3 binding site in OpA. Mutations in this site reduced OpA repression to OpB levels, and the addition of a Mot3 binding site to OpB enhanced repression. Deletion of the mot3 gene also resulted in reduced repression of ANB1. Repression of two other hypoxic genes in which Mot3 sites were associated with Rox1 sites was reduced in the deletion strain, but other hypoxic genes were unaffected. In addition, the mot3Delta mutation caused a partial derepression of the Mig1-Tup1-Ssn6-repressed SUC2 gene, but not the alpha2-Mcm1-Tup1-Ssn6-repressed STE2 gene. The Mot3 protein was demonstrated to bind to the ANB1 OpA in vitro. Competition experiments indicated that there was no interaction between Rox1 and Mot3, indicating that Mot3 functions either in Tup1-Ssn6 recruitment or directly in repression. A great deal of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the Tup1-Ssn6 complex represses transcription through both nucleosome positioning and a direct interaction with the basal transcriptional machinery. We demonstrate here that under repressed conditions a nucleosome is positioned over the TATA box in the wild-type ANB1 promoter. This nucleosome was absent in cells carrying a rox1, tup1, or mot3 deletion, all of which cause some degree of derepression. Interestingly, however, this positioned nucleosome was also lost in a cell carrying a deletion of the N-terminal coding region of histone H4, yet ANB1 expression remained fully repressed. A similar deletion in the gene for histone H3, which had no effect on repression, had only a minor effect on the positioned nucleosome. These results indicate that the nucleosome phasing on the ANB1 promoter caused by the Rox1-Mot3-Tup1-Ssn6 complex is either completely redundant with a chromatin-independent repression mechanism or, less likely, plays no role in repression at all. (+info)
Characterization of CAF4 and CAF16 reveals a functional connection between the CCR4-NOT complex and a subset of SRB proteins of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. (8/122)The CCR4-NOT transcriptional regulatory complex affects transcription both positively and negatively and consists of the following two complexes: a core 1 x 10(6) dalton (1 MDa) complex consisting of CCR4, CAF1, and the five NOT proteins and a larger, less defined 1.9-MDa complex. We report here the identification of two new factors that associate with the CCR4-NOT proteins as follows: CAF4, a WD40-containing protein, and CAF16, a putative ABC ATPase. Whereas neither CAF4 nor CAF16 was part of the core CCR4-NOT complex, both CAF16 and CAF4 appeared to be present in the 1.9-MDa complex. CAF4 also displayed physical interactions with multiple CCR4-NOT components and with DBF2, a likely component of the 1.9-MDa complex. In addition, both CAF4 and CAF16 were found to interact in a CCR4-dependent manner with SRB9, a component of the SRB complex that is part of the yeast RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. The three related SRB proteins, SRB9, SRB10, and SRB11, were found to interact with and to coimmunoprecipitate DBF2, CAF4, CCR4, NOT2, and NOT1. Defects in SRB9 and SRB10 also affected processes at the ADH2 locus known to be controlled by components of the CCR4-NOT complex; an srb9 mutation was shown to reduce ADH2 derepression and either an srb9 or srb10 allele suppressed spt10-enhanced expression of ADH2. In addition, srb9 and srb10 alleles increased ADR1(c)-dependent ADH2 expression; not4 and not5 deletions are the only other known defects that elicit this phenotype. These results suggest a close physical and functional association between components of the CCR4-NOT complexes and the SRB9, -10, and -11 components of the holoenzyme. (+info)
There are different types of Breast Neoplasms such as:
1. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors that are made up of glandular and fibrous tissues. They are usually small and round, with a smooth surface, and can be moved easily under the skin.
2. Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in both breast tissue and milk ducts. They are usually benign and can disappear on their own or be drained surgically.
3. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): This is a precancerous condition where abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts. If left untreated, it can progress to invasive breast cancer.
4. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): This is the most common type of breast cancer and starts in the milk ducts but grows out of them and invades surrounding tissue.
5. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): It originates in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and grows out of them, invading nearby tissue.
Breast Neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area, skin changes like redness or dimpling, change in size or shape of one or both breasts, discharge from the nipple, and changes in the texture or color of the skin.
Treatment options for Breast Neoplasms may include surgery such as lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells, chemotherapy using drugs to kill cancer cells, targeted therapy which uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.
It is important to note that not all Breast Neoplasms are cancerous; some are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that do not spread or grow.
Explanation: Neoplastic cell transformation is a complex process that involves multiple steps and can occur as a result of genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both. The process typically begins with a series of subtle changes in the DNA of individual cells, which can lead to the loss of normal cellular functions and the acquisition of abnormal growth and reproduction patterns.
Over time, these transformed cells can accumulate further mutations that allow them to survive and proliferate despite adverse conditions. As the transformed cells continue to divide and grow, they can eventually form a tumor, which is a mass of abnormal cells that can invade and damage surrounding tissues.
In some cases, cancer cells can also break away from the primary tumor and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other parts of the body, where they can establish new tumors. This process, known as metastasis, is a major cause of death in many types of cancer.
It's worth noting that not all transformed cells will become cancerous. Some forms of cellular transformation, such as those that occur during embryonic development or tissue regeneration, are normal and necessary for the proper functioning of the body. However, when these transformations occur in adult tissues, they can be a sign of cancer.
See also: Cancer, Tumor
Word count: 190
1) They share similarities with humans: Many animal species share similar biological and physiological characteristics with humans, making them useful for studying human diseases. For example, mice and rats are often used to study diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because they have similar metabolic and cardiovascular systems to humans.
2) They can be genetically manipulated: Animal disease models can be genetically engineered to develop specific diseases or to model human genetic disorders. This allows researchers to study the progression of the disease and test potential treatments in a controlled environment.
3) They can be used to test drugs and therapies: Before new drugs or therapies are tested in humans, they are often first tested in animal models of disease. This allows researchers to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment before moving on to human clinical trials.
4) They can provide insights into disease mechanisms: Studying disease models in animals can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. This information can then be used to develop new treatments or improve existing ones.
5) Reduces the need for human testing: Using animal disease models reduces the need for human testing, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and ethically challenging. However, it is important to note that animal models are not perfect substitutes for human subjects, and results obtained from animal studies may not always translate to humans.
6) They can be used to study infectious diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study infectious diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria. These models allow researchers to understand how the disease is transmitted, how it progresses, and how it responds to treatment.
7) They can be used to study complex diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. These models allow researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments.
8) They are cost-effective: Animal disease models are often less expensive than human clinical trials, making them a cost-effective way to conduct research.
9) They can be used to study drug delivery: Animal disease models can be used to study drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, which is important for developing new drugs and drug delivery systems.
10) They can be used to study aging: Animal disease models can be used to study the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This allows researchers to understand how aging contributes to disease and develop potential treatments.
Neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of cells that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Neoplasms can occur in any part of the body and can affect various organs and tissues. The term "neoplasm" is often used interchangeably with "tumor," but while all tumors are neoplasms, not all neoplasms are tumors.
Types of Neoplasms
There are many different types of neoplasms, including:
1. Carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the epithelial cells lining organs and glands. Examples include breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
2. Sarcomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Examples include osteosarcoma (bone cancer) and soft tissue sarcoma.
3. Lymphomas: These are cancers of the immune system, specifically affecting the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. Examples include Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Leukemias: These are cancers of the blood and bone marrow that affect the white blood cells. Examples include acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
5. Melanomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Examples include skin melanoma and eye melanoma.
Causes and Risk Factors of Neoplasms
The exact causes of neoplasms are not fully understood, but there are several known risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing a neoplasm. These include:
1. Genetic predisposition: Some people may be born with genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
2. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as radiation and certain chemicals, can increase the risk of developing a neoplasm.
3. Infection: Some neoplasms are caused by viruses or bacteria. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common cause of cervical cancer.
4. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a poor diet can increase the risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
5. Family history: A person's risk of developing a neoplasm may be higher if they have a family history of the condition.
Signs and Symptoms of Neoplasms
The signs and symptoms of neoplasms can vary depending on the type of cancer and where it is located in the body. Some common signs and symptoms include:
1. Unusual lumps or swelling
4. Weight loss
5. Change in bowel or bladder habits
6. Unexplained bleeding
7. Coughing up blood
8. Hoarseness or a persistent cough
9. Changes in appetite or digestion
10. Skin changes, such as a new mole or a change in the size or color of an existing mole.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplasms
The diagnosis of a neoplasm usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans), and biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the suspected tumor and examining it under a microscope for cancer cells.
The treatment of neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Some common treatments include:
1. Surgery: Removing the tumor and surrounding tissue can be an effective way to treat many types of cancer.
2. Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
3. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer is located in a specific area of the body.
4. Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.
5. Targeted therapy: Using drugs or other substances to target specific molecules on cancer cells can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.
Prevention of Neoplasms
While it is not always possible to prevent neoplasms, there are several steps that can reduce the risk of developing cancer. These include:
1. Avoiding exposure to known carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke and radiation)
2. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
3. Getting regular exercise
4. Not smoking or using tobacco products
5. Limiting alcohol consumption
6. Getting vaccinated against certain viruses that are associated with cancer (such as human papillomavirus, or HPV)
7. Participating in screening programs for early detection of cancer (such as mammograms for breast cancer and colonoscopies for colon cancer)
8. Avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight and using protective measures such as sunscreen and hats to prevent skin cancer.
It's important to note that not all cancers can be prevented, and some may be caused by factors that are not yet understood or cannot be controlled. However, by taking these steps, individuals can reduce their risk of developing cancer and improve their overall health and well-being.
There are several types of lung neoplasms, including:
1. Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 40% of all lung cancers. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the glands of the respiratory tract and can be found in any part of the lung.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma: This type of lung cancer accounts for approximately 25% of all lung cancers and is more common in men than women. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the squamous cells lining the airways of the lungs.
3. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): This is a highly aggressive form of lung cancer that accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers. It is often found in the central parts of the lungs and can spread quickly to other parts of the body.
4. Large cell carcinoma: This is a rare type of lung cancer that accounts for only about 5% of all lung cancers. It is a malignant tumor that originates in the large cells of the respiratory tract and can be found in any part of the lung.
5. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC): This is a rare type of lung cancer that originates in the cells lining the airways and alveoli of the lungs. It is more common in women than men and tends to affect older individuals.
6. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): This is a rare, progressive, and often fatal lung disease that primarily affects women of childbearing age. It is characterized by the growth of smooth muscle-like cells in the lungs and can lead to cysts, lung collapse, and respiratory failure.
7. Hamartoma: This is a benign tumor that originates in the tissue of the lungs and is usually found in children. It is characterized by an overgrowth of normal lung tissue and can be treated with surgery.
8. Secondary lung cancer: This type of cancer occurs when cancer cells from another part of the body spread to the lungs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It is more common in people who have a history of smoking or exposure to other carcinogens.
9. Metastatic cancer: This type of cancer occurs when cancer cells from another part of the body spread to the lungs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. It is more common in people who have a history of smoking or exposure to other carcinogens.
10. Mesothelioma: This is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that originates in the lining of the lungs or abdomen. It is caused by asbestos exposure and can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Lung diseases can also be classified based on their cause, such as:
1. Infectious diseases: These are caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms and can include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and bronchitis.
2. Autoimmune diseases: These are caused by an overactive immune system and can include conditions such as sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
3. Genetic diseases: These are caused by inherited mutations in genes that affect the lungs and can include cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia.
4. Environmental diseases: These are caused by exposure to harmful substances such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, and asbestos.
5. Radiological diseases: These are caused by exposure to ionizing radiation and can include conditions such as radiographic breast cancer and lung cancer.
6. Vascular diseases: These are caused by problems with the blood vessels in the lungs and can include conditions such as pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension.
7. Tumors: These can be benign or malignant and can include conditions such as lung metastases and lung cancer.
8. Trauma: This can include injuries to the chest or lungs caused by accidents or other forms of trauma.
9. Congenital diseases: These are present at birth and can include conditions such as bronchopulmonary foregut malformations and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation.
Each type of lung disease has its own set of symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any persistent or severe respiratory symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life.
The prognosis for mantle-cell lymphoma is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 40%. Treatment options include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and autologous stem-cell transplantation. The disease often recurs after initial therapy, and subsequent treatments may be less effective.
Mantle-cell lymphoma can be difficult to distinguish from other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, such as follicular lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and a correct diagnosis is important for determining appropriate treatment.
Slide: Mantle Cell Lymphoma (Image courtesy of Nephron/Wikimedia Commons)
1. Tumor size and location: Larger tumors that have spread to nearby tissues or organs are generally considered more invasive than smaller tumors that are confined to the original site.
2. Cellular growth patterns: The way in which cancer cells grow and divide can also contribute to the overall invasiveness of a neoplasm. For example, cells that grow in a disorganized or chaotic manner may be more likely to invade surrounding tissues.
3. Mitotic index: The mitotic index is a measure of how quickly the cancer cells are dividing. A higher mitotic index is generally associated with more aggressive and invasive cancers.
4. Necrosis: Necrosis, or the death of cells, can be an indication of the level of invasiveness of a neoplasm. The presence of significant necrosis in a tumor is often a sign that the cancer has invaded surrounding tissues and organs.
5. Lymphovascular invasion: Cancer cells that have invaded lymphatic vessels or blood vessels are considered more invasive than those that have not.
6. Perineural invasion: Cancer cells that have invaded nerve fibers are also considered more invasive.
7. Histological grade: The histological grade of a neoplasm is a measure of how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope. Higher-grade cancers are generally considered more aggressive and invasive than lower-grade cancers.
8. Immunohistochemical markers: Certain immunohistochemical markers, such as Ki-67, can be used to evaluate the proliferative activity of cancer cells. Higher levels of these markers are generally associated with more aggressive and invasive cancers.
Overall, the degree of neoplasm invasiveness is an important factor in determining the likelihood of the cancer spreading to other parts of the body (metastasizing) and in determining the appropriate treatment strategy for the patient.
There are several types of colonic neoplasms, including:
1. Adenomas: These are benign growths that are usually precursors to colorectal cancer.
2. Carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise from the epithelial lining of the colon.
3. Sarcomas: These are rare malignant tumors that arise from the connective tissue of the colon.
4. Lymphomas: These are cancers of the immune system that can affect the colon.
Colonic neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms, including bleeding, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits. They are often diagnosed through a combination of medical imaging tests (such as colonoscopy or CT scan) and biopsy. Treatment for colonic neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the tumor, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy.
Overall, colonic neoplasms are a common condition that can have serious consequences if left untreated. It is important for individuals to be aware of their risk factors and to undergo regular screening for colon cancer to help detect and treat any abnormal growths or tumors in the colon.
Malignant prostatic neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). The most common type of malignant prostatic neoplasm is adenocarcinoma of the prostate, which accounts for approximately 95% of all prostate cancers. Other types of malignant prostatic neoplasms include sarcomas and small cell carcinomas.
Prostatic neoplasms can be diagnosed through a variety of tests such as digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan or MRI), and biopsy. Treatment options for prostatic neoplasms depend on the type, stage, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options can include active surveillance, surgery (robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy or open prostatectomy), radiation therapy (external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy), and hormone therapy.
In summary, Prostatic Neoplasms are tumors that occur in the prostate gland, which can be benign or malignant. The most common types of malignant prostatic neoplasms are adenocarcinoma of the prostate, and other types include sarcomas and small cell carcinomas. Diagnosis is done through a variety of tests, and treatment options depend on the type, stage, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health.
SCC typically appears as a firm, flat, or raised bump on the skin, and may be pink, red, or scaly. The cancer cells are usually well-differentiated, meaning they resemble normal squamous cells, but they can grow rapidly and invade surrounding tissues if left untreated.
SCC is more common in fair-skinned individuals and those who spend a lot of time in the sun, as UV radiation can damage the skin cells and increase the risk of cancer. The cancer can also spread to other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes or organs, and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and effectively.
Treatment for SCC usually involves surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, and may also include radiation therapy or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. Early detection and treatment are important to improve outcomes for patients with SCC.
Adenocarcinoma is a term used to describe a variety of different types of cancer that arise in glandular tissue, including:
1. Colorectal adenocarcinoma (cancer of the colon or rectum)
2. Breast adenocarcinoma (cancer of the breast)
3. Prostate adenocarcinoma (cancer of the prostate gland)
4. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (cancer of the pancreas)
5. Lung adenocarcinoma (cancer of the lung)
6. Thyroid adenocarcinoma (cancer of the thyroid gland)
7. Skin adenocarcinoma (cancer of the skin)
The symptoms of adenocarcinoma depend on the location of the cancer and can include:
1. Blood in the stool or urine
2. Abdominal pain or discomfort
3. Changes in bowel habits
4. Unusual vaginal bleeding (in the case of endometrial adenocarcinoma)
5. A lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere
6. Weight loss
8. Coughing up blood (in the case of lung adenocarcinoma)
The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma is typically made through a combination of imaging tests, such as CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans, and a biopsy, which involves removing a sample of tissue from the affected area and examining it under a microscope for cancer cells.
Treatment options for adenocarcinoma depend on the location of the cancer and can include:
1. Surgery to remove the tumor
2. Chemotherapy, which involves using drugs to kill cancer cells
3. Radiation therapy, which involves using high-energy X-rays or other particles to kill cancer cells
4. Targeted therapy, which involves using drugs that target specific molecules on cancer cells to kill them
5. Immunotherapy, which involves using drugs that stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells.
The prognosis for adenocarcinoma is generally good if the cancer is detected and treated early, but it can be more challenging to treat if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 10
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C
Cyclin-dependent kinase complex
Cyclin dependent kinase like 1
AP-1 transcription factor
Transcription factor II B
G2-M DNA damage checkpoint
Microarrays | Free Full-Text | Improving Pathological Assessment of Breast Cancer by Employing Array-Based Transcriptome...
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 3 | Profiles RNS
- In the course of our investigations to discover new CDK8 inhibitors, we designed and synthesized tricyclic pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepin-5(6H)-one derivatives, by introduction of chemical complexity in the multi-kinase inhibitor Sorafenib taking into account the flexibility of the P-loop motif of CDK8 protein observed after analysis of structural information of co-crystallized CDK8 inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 17. CR8, a potent and selective, roscovitine-derived inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
- 2007) The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Dacapo promotes replication licensing during Drosophila endocycles. (nih.gov)
- 107 received EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) monotherapy (T), 53 received EGFR-TKI + bevacizumab (T + A), and 36 received EGFR-TKI + bevacizumab + chemotherapy (T + A + C). The endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs). (bvsalud.org)
- Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor proteins. (lookformedical.com)
- It is an endogenous inhibitor of RAF KINASES and may play a role in regulating SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
- A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
- A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-dependent CELL CYCLE arrest. (lookformedical.com)
- Because a variety of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) assist the effects of EZH2 and cyclin D1, the researchers wanted to see if targeting CDKs in ATRTs with the multi-CDK inhibitor TG02 could have therapeutic effects. (physiciansweekly.com)
- E2F-6: a novel member of the E2F family is an inhibitor of E2F-dependent transcription. (nih.gov)
- 10. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for distinct cyclin-dependent kinase activities using phosphorylation-site-specific anti-pRB monoclonal antibodies. (nih.gov)
- Phosphorylation of the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 by Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 affects Chemo-nociception. (nih.gov)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. (lookformedical.com)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) coordinate hundreds of molecular events during the cell cycle via Ser/Thr phosphorylation. (eu.org)
- Docking motifs control the timing of cell cycle events by enabling preferential interaction and phosphorylation of substrates by a specific cyclin/Cdk complex. (eu.org)
- Inhibition of DNA binding by the phosphorylation of poly ADP-ribose polymerase protein catalysed by protein kinase C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187 , 730-736. (nih.gov)
- Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53. (nih.gov)
Inhibitors of cyclin-depende6
- 14. Small molecules as inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
- 3. Biaryl purine derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents: inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
- 5. Heterobiaryl purine derivatives as potent antiproliferative agents: inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
- 8. Roscovitine-derived, dual-specificity inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases and casein kinases 1. (nih.gov)
- 11. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
- 12. 8-Azapurines as new inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
- 4. Cyclin-dependent kinase and protein kinase C inhibitors: a novel class of antineoplastic agents in clinical development. (nih.gov)
- It partners with CYCLIN E to regulate entry into S PHASE and also interacts with CYCLIN A to phosphorylate RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN. (harvard.edu)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin family of proteins. (prosci-inc.com)
- The encoded protein interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 8 and induces the phophorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. (prosci-inc.com)
- This gene encodes a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family. (nih.gov)
- The STB identified the CDK8 amplification and Ras mutation as providing a rationale for clinical trials with CDK inhibitors or MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase) and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitors, respectively. (nih.gov)
- Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. (lookformedical.com)
- 8 Active and inactive Cyclin-dependent protein kinase structures. (pipoforex.com)
- Interaction between replication protein A and p53 is disrupted after UV damage in a DNA repair-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
- Ataxia telangiectasia mutant protein activates c-Abl tyrosine kinase in response to ionizing radiation. (nih.gov)
- Single-stranded-DNA binding alters human replication protein A structure and facilitates interaction with DNA-dependent protein kinase. (nih.gov)
- 15. A convenient synthesis and molecular modeling study of novel purine and pyrimidine derivatives as CDK2/cyclin A3 inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- Growth arrest was attributed to inhibition of G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity. (nih.gov)
- Human myt1 is a cell cycle-regulated kinase that inhibits cdc2 but not cdk2 activity. (nih.gov)
- In the present study, we show that BRMS1 is a novel substrate of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) that is phosphorylated on serine 237 (S237). (edu.au)
- CDK2 limits the highly energetic secretory program of mature β cells by restricting PEP cycle-dependent K(ATP) channel closure. (nih.gov)
- CDK8 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that forms part of the mediator complex, and modulates the transcriptional output from distinct transcription factors involved in oncogenic control. (nih.gov)
- The first patient had metastatic colorectal cancer in which we identified somatic point mutations in NRAS, TP53, AURKA, FAS, and MYH11, plus amplification and overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8). (nih.gov)
- Robin Weinmann has worked on the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 and 19 (CDK8 / CDK19) activity in the mediator complex at the University of Bayreuth where he obtained his Master's degree. (uni-heidelberg.de)
- A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. (lookformedical.com)
- This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- A group of cell cycle proteins that negatively regulate the activity of CYCLIN/CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE complexes. (lookformedical.com)
- Cyclins use the conserved hydrophobic pocket (hp) to bind docking motifs on partner proteins. (eu.org)
- Notch signaling mediates G1/S cell-cycle progression in T cells via cyclin D3 and its dependent kinases. (umassmed.edu)
- It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2. (lookformedical.com)
- 2006) Bruno inhibits the expression of mitotic cyclins during the prophase I meiotic arrest of Drosophila oocytes. (nih.gov)
- Previous studies in hepatocyte-derived cell lines and the whole liver established that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can disrupt G1-phase cell cycle progression following exposure to persistent AhR agonists, such as TCDD (dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin). (nih.gov)
- With cell cycle progression, different cyclins bind to Cdks to control their function by providing docking sites for substrates and also by modulating Cdk active site specificity. (eu.org)
- The sequential attachment of different cyclins to Cdks represents the periodic driving force that ensures a controlled progression through the cell cycle. (eu.org)
- Cyclins Cln1-3 are triggers for G1 and G1/S, while among B-type cyclins Clb5 and Clb6 drive S phase, Clb3 and Clb4 are specific for early mitotic events, and Clb1 and Clb2 complete the progression to mitosis. (eu.org)
- 16. 3-Acyl-2,6-diaminopyridines as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation. (nih.gov)
- 1. Synthesis and biological evaluation of selective and potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 2. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines targeting multiple cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
- 6. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N9-cis-cyclobutylpurine derivatives for use as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- 10. Synthesis and biological activities of 4-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-a]carbazole Pim kinase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- Synthesis and Structure-Activity relationships of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 inhibitors based on a diaminothiazole scaffold. (harvard.edu)
- Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms. (lookformedical.com)
- Doxorubicin induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and atrophy through cyclin-dependent kinase 2-mediated activation of forkhead box O1. (harvard.edu)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the antiproliferative function of Smads. (nih.gov)
- The c-raf Kinases are MAP kinase kinase kinases that have specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 1 and MAP KINASE KINASE 2. (lookformedical.com)
- Assessment of the regenerative process in wild-type, p21(Cip1) knockout, and p27(Kip1) knockout mice confirmed that TCDD-induced inhibition of liver regeneration is entirely dependent on p21(Cip1) expression. (nih.gov)
- Analysis of the transcriptional response determined that increased p21(Cip1) expression during liver regeneration involved an AhR-dependent mechanism. (nih.gov)
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
- Sci Rep. Jan 19;8(1):1177, 2018. (nih.gov)
- 19. Specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases and cell proliferation by harmine. (nih.gov)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are central regulatory enzymes of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (eu.org)
- Previously, cyclin D1 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase linked in numerous malignancies, were identified as major drivers of tumorigenicity in ATRTs in genetic studies. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Additionally, quercetin limited aHSC proliferation by inducing a G1 arrest as evidenced by decreased expression of cyclin D1、D2、A、B1、E. Moreover quercetin and gallic acid induced aHSC apoptosis via Fas/Fas ligand-mediated extrinsic pathway. (ncl.edu.tw)
- Cyclins may use additional surfaces to dock substrates, as with the mammalian Cyclin D-specific ( DOC_CYCLIN_D_Helix_1 ) and the budding yeast Cln2-specific leucine- and proline-rich LP ( DOC_CYCLIN_yCln2_LP_2 ) motifs. (eu.org)
- A subset of cyclins may also function as transcriptional regulators. (lookformedical.com)
- The requirement for cyclin E in c-Myc overexpressing breast cancers. (harvard.edu)
- Here a single Cdk, Cdk1, associates with different cyclins to mediate all major cell cycle transitions. (eu.org)
- 2010) Activation state-dependent binding of small molecule kinase inhibitors: structural insights from biochemistry. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
- FKBP39 controls nutrient dependent Nprl3 expression and TORC1 activity in Drosophila. (nih.gov)
- NSun2 Promotes Cell Growth via Elevating Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 Translation. (oajrc.org)
- 15. [Chemical inhibitors of cyclic-dependent kinases: preclinical and clinical study]. (nih.gov)
- 1. Recent advances and new directions in the discovery and development of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it is the prototype member of the INK4 CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS. (lookformedical.com)
- 17. Coming full circle: cyclin-dependent kinases as anti-cancer drug targets. (nih.gov)
- A ubiquitously expressed raf kinase subclass that plays an important role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)


264194CL | PROJECTOR HEADLIGHTS – Clear / Chrome
2007-2013 Tundra 2/4wd
2008-2013 Sequoia 2/4wd
RECON Projector Headlights are sold as a set & use H1 Style headlight bulbs for both Low-beam and High-beam. RECON projector headlights come with 4 standard halogen bulbs already installed; however, if you wish to upgrade to XENON Headlight Bulbs, you must order either part # 264H1DW or 264H1PB. Keep in mind there are two bulbs in each projector headlight, so you will need to buy two sets of headlight bulbs for each set of projector headlights you are upgrading the bulbs in.
Attn: If you plan to upgrade to an LED front turn signal bulb in this set of Toyota Tundra projector headlights, then you will need to order quantity of 2pcs of part # 264220AM & also please order quantity of 2pcs of part # 26420 which are RECON LED load resistors as these will allow the LED turn signals to function at the same blink rate as your factory installed halogen turn signals. Without these load resistors, the new LED turn signals will blink rapidly indicating a bulb is not functioning properly.
2008-2013 Toyota Sequoia 2/4wd
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The MistKing Tubing Cutter allows you to make perfect cuts every time. The MistKing Tubing Cutter's sharp blade cuts at perfect 90 degree angles without bending the tubing. The MistKing Tubing Cutter closes for safe storage. It also features a collet depresser on the back to easily press on collets while removing the tubing. This little tool makes installation much easier. Make every cut a perfect one, and reduce your chances of leaky connections with the MistKing Tubing Cutter. For use with the MistKing Automatic Misting System.


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text:
No price rise for bagged retail rice
published : 24 Jun 2022 at 16:17
writer: Online Reporters
Retail prices for bagged rice will not rise, but some sellers could reduce promotional discounts due to rising costs, according to the Commerce Ministry.
Wattanasak Sur-iam, director-general of the Internal Trade Department, said on Friday that he had met with representatives of the Thai Rice Packers Association and major producers of bagged rice such as Royal Umbrella, Mah Boon Khrong, Bejarong, Eamtip, Kaijae and Saendee brands on Thursday. They discussed retail prices.
Rapeepat Thanathavornkiat, chairman of the Thai Rice Packers Association, told the meeting that the association had not discussed a price rise for bagged rice as prices of raw materials had not affected retail prices to date.
Rising costs were mainly from transportation, the association chairman told him.
The association had cooperated with the department to freeze retail prices in the interests of consumers, he said. However, some producers might reduce promotional discounts.
Mr Wattanasak said the department would closely monitor prices of bagged rice. He urged consumers to alert the department via its hotline 1569 if they felt they feel cheated by prices of bagged rice or the quality of the rice.

domain: food


text:
That is a very fancy logo indeed! I understand what LunacyEcho meant with the bottom of the door, but I think the logo is great as it is too.
Great work with the simplicity with this one! Many people try to make logos too complicated, but they are always best if kept simple and clean ;) (Kingdom Hearts reference...).
That said, I think you did a good job with the details and coloring as well XD

domain: artistic


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text:
Gay rights issues occupied the Presbyterian Church (USA) during 2008. In February the denomination’s high court, the General Assembly Permanent Judicial Commission, ruled that candidates for ordination must practice fidelity if married and chastity if single. The court said that the standard was mandatory but could be changed by amending the denomination’s constitution; moreover, presbyteries and congregations were not allowed to create their own standards for ordination, as some had done. In June delegates to the church’s General Assembly in San Jose, Calif., voted to reinterpret the constitutional provision regarding chastity, but the action awaited votes for approval by a majority of the 173 presbyteries.
In Washington, D.C., in April during his first visit to the United States, Pope Benedict XVI held an unprecedented meeting with five victims of clergy sex abuse. In an address to American bishops, he said that the crisis was “sometimes very badly handled” and pledged that the church would pursue healing and reconciliation with those “so seriously wronged.” In late October the Vatican issued guidelines that recommended the use of psychological testing to help evaluate candidates for the priesthood and to screen out those with “psychopathic disturbances.” In June a church court found Episcopal Bishop Charles E. Bennison of Pennsylvania guilty of conduct unbecoming of a member of the clergy for having concealed his brother’s sexual abuse of a teenage girl during the 1970s.
A committee conducting an internal investigation of financial improprieties in the Orthodox Church in America found that church leaders had either spent millions of dollars on personal expenses or taken part in a cover-up of the diversion of the money. The report prompted the resignation of the church’s top leader, Metropolitan Herman, one of the leaders for whom the commission had recommended discipline. The church spokesman, the Rev. Andrew Jarmus, said that it had appointed a management team to provide more supervision and more effective checks and balances. In November Metropolitan Jonah, who had recently been named bishop of Fort Worth, was elected to succeed Metropolitan Herman as leader of the church.
In March, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia called for dialogue between representatives of all monotheistic religions. The appeal was the first of its kind by an Arab leader and was especially significant because of Saudi Arabia’s ban on non-Muslim worship services and imposition of the death penalty on Muslims who had converted to another religion. In Les Versets douloureux, a book published in June, a rabbi, an imam, and a Roman Catholic priest each explain passages from the holy book of his faith that others have found objectionable. In October at the Vatican, the grand rabbi of Haifa, Israel, Shear-Yashuv Cohen, became the first non-Christian to address an international synod of Catholic bishops. He said that the event was a signal of hope in the wake of “a long, hard, and painful history” between Catholics and Jews.
Pope Benedict marked the 50th anniversary of the death of Pope Pius XII by saying that his predecessor “often acted in a secret and silent way” to help Jews during the Holocaust because he sensed that by doing so he could save the greatest possible number. The Rev. Peter Gumpel, the official advocate for the canonization of Pius, said that Benedict was delaying the signing of a decree to recognize Pius’s “heroic virtue” because of interfaith disagreements on whether Pius had done enough to save Jews. Gumpel also said that Benedict would not visit Israel unless the Yad Vashem Holocaust museum removed a plaque suggesting that Pius had been indifferent to the survival of the Jews. Israeli Pres. Shimon Peres responded that a papal visit “should not be tied to controversy over Pius XII.”
The World Council of Churches (WCC), which encompassed more than 560 million Christians in 349 church bodies, in March urged its members to open a dialogue with Muslim scholars. The WCC noted that the two faiths have several major differences, including Christians’ difficulty appreciating Muhammad as a prophet and Muslims’ difficulty appreciating Jesus as God incarnate. Jean-Louis Cardinal Tauran, head of the Pontifical Council of Inter-Religious Dialogue, said that his group did not focus on Islam during a meeting in June because “we are being held hostage by Islam a little bit.” He added, “Islam is very important, but there are also other great Asiatic religious traditions.” Despite those comments, the Vatican hosted a three-day forum of Catholic and Muslim scholars in November. The group called on Catholics and Muslims to renounce “oppression, aggressive violence and terrorism” and affirming the rights of religious minorities to their own places of worship. Anglican Archbishop Rowan Williams stirred controversy in January when he told the BBC that the introduction in Britain of some aspects of Islamic Shariʿah law seemed unavoidable. A spokesperson for Prime Minister Gordon Brown said in response that Shariʿah law could not be used in a civilian court, and Williams clarified that he was not talking about establishing parallel jurisdictions.

domain: sociology


text:
Rutgers updates vegetable production guide
02/19/2014 11:26:24 AMHot off the press. Rutgers University has just posted online its updated vegetable production recommendations for... Read more.
Group surveys fruit growers to assess spotted wing fly's costs
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Pepper moth infestation suspected in New Jersey greenhouse
02/13/2014 10:13:01 AMA southern New Jersey greenhouse-nursery most likely is infested with European pepper moth, an invasive... Read more.
Watermelon board seeking members
02/11/2014 11:58:30 AMThe U.S. Department of Agriculture is looking to fill 13 open seats on the National Watermelon Promotion... Read more.
Potatoes thrive under higher carbon dioxide levels
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- UPDATED: Wawona stone fruit recall spurred by Australian tests
- Empire State revitalizing Pride of New York program
- Walmart funds second round of strawberry sustainability grants
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- UPDATED: U.S. potato shipments resume in Mexico
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A nomadic culture, open-hearted hospitality and an abiding love of music and singing. The rich world of Mongolia comes to life in concert as AnDa Union performs songs inspired by the past while creating a new sound for a new generation.
Event begins at 8:00PM
David Suchet says goodbye to his role as Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot in this special documentary, which looks back at the iconic character he has played for over 25 years.See all broadcast times →
Garrett Peck, author of "Capital Beer: A Heady History of Brewing in Washington, D.C." discusses the history of brewing in the nation's capital.Watch video →
WETA Channel 26 hit the Washington airwaves on October 2, 1961, when station manager George Baker introduced viewers to WETA's inaugural broadcast, The New Era.Watch first broadcast →


Iowa family improvises after pandemic upends birthday plans
The COVID-19 pandemic put an end to an Iowa family's perfectly planned birthday weekend.
Jewell resident Bethel Westre’s 80th birthday was just around the corner when COVID-19 came to Iowa.
To celebrate, her four daughters and one granddaughter planned a road trip to The Pioneer Woman Lodge in Oklahoma.
Once the pandemic came to Iowa, the family’s plans changed.
"So, we decided that we shouldn't go, which ended up being good because Pioneer Woman closed down as well,” Kristi Westre said. “So instead, we decided to look up some Pioneer Woman recipes and we had a sleepover at mom's house and made recipes and had a good time cooking in the kitchen. So, we kind of improvised."
Kristi Westre shared photos from the improvised gathering, which she said was the last normal gathering the family had before COVID-19 restrictions began.
The pandemic also put an end to Bethel Westre's 80-year streak of appearances at the Iowa State Fair.
She first visited the Iowa State Fair as a baby and had never missed a fair prior to the pandemic.
Last summer, family members recreated the fair in her backyard.


Powerful winds hit a beachside music festival near Valencia, Spain early Saturday, causing a stage to partially collapse. CBS News reported the injury toll at 40, and a man in his early 20s had died.
The Medusa Festivals Circus of Madness on the Playa de Cullera on the Balearic Sea was entering its fourth of six days on Saturday when inclement weather hit in the predawn hours. Along with significant harm to the stage, reports indicated that large structures at the festival entrance blew down.
We have been completely devastated and appalled with what happened yesterday evening, festival management said in a social media marketing statement. An urgent and violent gale hit the beach soon after 4 a.m. triggering the concert promoters to immediately evacuate the concert area to guarantee the safety of the festival goers, staff and artists.
The rest of the festival has been canceled.
The festival, also called Medusa SunBeach, began in 2015, concentrating on EDM and trance music, and is well known because of its elaborate stage design. The function had not been held in 2020 or 2021.
Headliners as of this years festival include American DJ Steve Aoki, Dutch DJ Afrojack, French DJ David Guetta, Australian DJ Timmy Trumpet, and Spanish DJ Wade.
Based on the Daily Mail, DJ Miguel Serna, was on stage for a scheduled 3 a.m. set once the storm hit. It had been a tense short while, I’ve never experienced anything enjoy it before. The tragedy happened just by the end of my session on the primary stage, just underneath it, that was probably the most affected (area). It had been minutes of horror, I’m still in shock, he wrote on his Instagram Stories.
A few of the mayhem was captured on social media marketing.


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Throughout this time, the video game also became popular in casinos as an actual money video game. Players can bet pennies, right through to lots of bucks per hand therefore appeals to players of all degrees. Such company could legally perform an illustration, door reward or raffle as long as the rewards are randomly granted and are not connected to success in the competition or occasion. Also, the organization can legitimately carry out the tournament or gambling enterprise evening for the pure enjoyment worth alone. By detaching the prize from the risk element of the online poker or various other event, such task would perhaps not meet the interpretation of betting.
In the complying with pages, you will certainly find out exactly how to browse the sea of switches and blinking lights that is a video poker equipment, along with suggestions and techniques to find out a champion. Let’s start with a fast refresher on the winning hands in texas hold’em. If an emphasis on motif and layout seems more like a fruit machine than a texas hold’em area, that’s since video clip poker is heavily affected by slots. While video clip poker appropriates the hand values from online poker, the gameplay is considerably compressed and automated. At PlayOJO we have actually overcome 10 kinds of on the internet video poker from Green Valley Gamings, each with a series of rules, rewards and single or multi-hand options.
Many pros will play between 16 and 24 on the internet texas hold’em video games simultaneously – whether they’re cash video games, Sit ‘n’ Gos, or competitions – as this permits faster play, even more volume and a greater ROI (roi). Additionally, if you’ve joined to one of our suggested online poker rooms with a down payment bonus offer, multi-tabling will make certain a quicker play-through of any kind of real cash benefit you wish to activate. Online online casinos offer a different selection of poker games, from Texas hold ’em and stud texas hold’em to the ever-popular five-card draw. With both online and real-time dealership options to pick from, you can gamble versus the computer system or complete in actual, high risks tournaments with expert dealerships. Each casino site video game has a house edge– a mathematical advantage that makes certain the gambling enterprise will ultimately earn a profit over the long run. It’s essential to understand the house edge in gambling establishment online poker and exactly how it varies with various games and wagers.
Review Dealer Up-cards In Gambling Establishment Texas Hold’em
Division of Justice sent a letter to North Dakota chief law officer Wayne Stenehjem specifying that online gaming “might” be prohibited, and that the pending regulations “could” breach the federal Wire Act. Online poker is lawful and managed in lots of countries including several countries around the Caribbean Sea, and most significantly the United Kingdom. Allow me determine the proper fundamental technique for you, under just about any kind of collection of rules, utilizing my strategy calculator. BetMGM is devoted to offering an internet site that comes, no matter technology or capacity. If you experience any kind of difficulty in accessing any kind of part of this site, please do not hesitate to email us at
Without sign-up, registration or deposits called for, it’s easy to see why free video clip online poker is preferred. However, if you’re searching for the best excitement of winning some cash, ensure you know the benefits and drawbacks. Video clip online poker can pay out well if you recognize how to play the game effectively.
Whether you’re an expert texas hold’em player, an aspiring amateur, or dip into any degree in between, it’s an exhilarating time to be at Turning Stone, where the occasion has the entire place infused with enjoyment. Duelbits states that the NFTs are instantly gotten by the slot’s gamers and provided to the incorporated crypto wallet once triggered. Some of the fifty-six texas hold’em variants supplied by mBit Gambling enterprise at the time of publication were All American 50 Hand, Double Incentive Casino Poker 5 Hand, Jacks or Better 100 Hand, Texas Hold ’em, and Three Card Poker. This strategy distinguishes between inside straights or straight flushes and open straights or straight flushes. As soon as you’re utilized to the fast method, you may want to proceed to a version that is more intricate, however a lot more exact.
Every one of the on-line video clip online poker video games honor greater payments for the greater casino poker hands. After the royal flush comes the straight flush, four of a kind, full house, flush, right, 3 of a kind, two sets, and a pair. Although the order of the texas hold’em hand rankings is the same in most video texas hold’em video games, the amount of the payouts varies widely from game to game. Lots of on-line gambling establishments provide electronic( port) casino site poker games in demo variation.
Excellent Casino Site Poker
This chart dictates just how much you win based upon the hand you develop. Understanding which hands pay large and which are little fry is essential to optimizing your gain. Yet if you choose a video online poker video game that offers you no chance of winning, after that you won’t get a solitary possibility to beat the game.
Mobile Pc Gaming Experience
There is constantly an opportunity to play cost-free video poker online and you don’t also need to be a participant of an online casino to complete this. situs slot gacor hold’em is perfect for gamers who can not commute to their neighborhood land-based casino site. As a matter of fact, the majority of land-based gambling enterprises do not also offer free video online poker.
If the gamer takes care of to put together a solid sufficient hand, they will certainly receive a payout according to the worth of their hand in the payment table. Generally, the rarer the constructed hand, the much more the player will certainly be paid. If you’re playing max coin, after that the Deuces Wild on-line video poker variant can give gamers with the very best probabilities (or cheapest residence side). In some cases, there may even be scenarios in which the gamer holds an (extremely little) benefit over your home. In the past few years, consumers have actually discovered a brand-new method to enjoy video poker video games online. Probably one of the most prominent kind of casino poker on the planet, it sees gamers utilizing two opening cards and five area cards to build the best hand they can with numerous rounds of betting.

domain: entertainment


On a 127” wheelbase, this 1941 Model 120 Club Coupe houses a 282 cubic inch L-headed, straight 8, cast iron block engine with a 3.5 inch bore and 4.63 inch stroke that produces 160 Hp. Body number 1495's listed for $1235 and weighed 3430 pounds. This car is equipped with optional heater, radio and turn signals. Additional options were a spotlight, dual side-mounts and, for an extra $275, air conditioning.
In February of 1942 the United States Government ordered all manufacturers to cease production of automobiles and shift their priorities to war related efforts. Packard returned to the production of aircraft and marine engines, ambulance and military vehicles. More than 60,000 combined engines were produced by the Packard factory during the war.
1941 Packard Coupe
When the Packard Company began automobile production in 1899, it was known as Ohio Automobile Company. In 1903 the name was changed to the Packard Motor Car Company when it moved from Warren, Ohio to Detroit, Michigan. The move was the result of a majority stock purchase made by investors in the Detroit area. With the onset of World War I, Packard shifted its focus to the production of engines for boats and aircraft. This kept the company busy during the War while generating significant profits. Packard survived the Great Depression and was still at the fore-front of vehicle production at its end.


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How Is Food Transported in Plants?
What is Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from the sun to create glucose, a type of sugar, from water and carbon dioxide. This glucose is then used by the plant as a source of energy and is also used to create other molecules such as proteins and lipids. As photosynthesis produces glucose, it also produces oxygen as a by-product, which is released into the atmosphere.
How is the Glucose Transported in the Plant?
Glucose is transported throughout the plant using a process called translocation. This process involves the movement of glucose from the leaves, where it is produced through photosynthesis, to the other parts of the plant such as the roots, stems, and flowers. The glucose is first transported through the phloem, a type of vascular tissue, to the other parts of the plant. Once the glucose has reached its destination, it is then converted into various other molecules such as starch and sucrose, which can be used for energy by the plant.
How Does the Plant Transport Water?
The plant also needs to transport water in order to maintain its growth and development. Water is transported through the xylem, another type of vascular tissue. This process is known as transpiration and involves the evaporation of water from the leaves. This water is then drawn up the stem of the plant by a process called capillary action and is used to provide the plant with the water it needs.
How is Nutrient Transport Achieved?
In addition to glucose and water, plants also need to transport nutrients in order to survive. These nutrients can come in the form of minerals and other elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These nutrients are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant and are then transported throughout the plant using the xylem and phloem. The nutrients are then used in various processes such as the production of proteins and other molecules.
In conclusion, food is transported in plants in several ways. Glucose is transported through the phloem, water is transported through the xylem, and nutrients are transported through both the xylem and phloem. This process is essential for the survival of the plant, as it helps the plant to obtain the energy, water, and nutrients it needs to grow and develop.

domain: agronomy


[Instant Automatic Pairing] Enhanced Stable Bluetooth connection of true wireless earbuds delivered by Bluetooth 5.0 technology chip. Push both earbuds out of the charging case, they will pair to each other automatically. Than just search and connect to Geekee G450 via your device, begin to enjoy the wireless audio. After initial pairing Geekee wireless headphones will connect to your phone automatically during take them out of the charging case.
[Take Out and Go Style] Forget the tangle wires when you take out your headphones from your pocket. Done with your audio, just put Bluetooth headphones into the charging case. Handy charging case comes with Bluetooth earbuds could recharge for the headset in any place.
[Freeweight IPX5 Design] Each of wireless earbud only 0.18 OZ. Extremely light weight built for running, hacking and workouts. Smart ear tips designed for secure fit and no swell feeling. Perfect for sports. IPX5 water-resistant ranking prevents your Bluetooth earphones damage from splash water or sweat.
[Supreme Sound Quality] 6 mm premium quality drivers deliver superior sound to you. Immersive music enjoyment comes with extra bass and crystal treble. Passive Noise Cancellation design makes sure no interruption in your private music time.
[Share Mode and Hi-Siri] No need to bother the mess wires during sharing your earbuds to your beloved , friends and family. Mono mode even helps you share your earphones to your companion, one pair of headphones separate to connect two devices. Enjoy the sharing, enjoy your moment .


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Fedora's spread offense often will run plays every 15 seconds and Prince said that he welcomed the opportunity to play in an up-tempo system.
"I am so ready to play that way," he said. "I'm a good pass blocker. I can pick up the pass rush, and I can get the rushing defense, too. I can hold my own. I've been doing this for a good eight years now."
Prince has participated in track in the discus and the shot put. He played basketball this season but left the team about midway through the season after losing about 15-20 pounds. He is working to add back the weight for his senior football season.
After changing his commitment once, Prince said that his future is set.

domain: news


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And of course I had to take a photo with one of my kitties in my Hellgirl costume!
Photo by S. Rain Lawrence
Another photo of my Hellgirl costume from Halloween 2013 :)
My female version of Hellboy for Halloween 2013
More photos to come soon! :)
Hello, dearest October. ♥
My Corpse Bride Halloween costume and my friend Max as Victor.
Photo by Lisa Persson - lisaperssonphoto.com
My Corpse Bride Halloween costume.

domain: hobby


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The Year 7 election results for the Kidsgrove Youth Parliament representatives were announced on Friday 30 September 2011. Ryan Jacques (7MJL) was the winner with Teri-Marie Smith (7DP) as his deputy. They are pictured below with Councillor Reg Bailey, Consort to the Mayor of Kidsgrove, and Councillor Paul Clisby.
Representatives for other year groups are:
Councillor Leanne Pepper (8JS), Deputy Charles Sewell (8JS)
Councillor Thomas Marriott (9SP), Deputy Nathan Scott (9SIA)
Councillor Olivia Knight (10EP), Deputy Dario Hopley (10GR)
Councillor Angelina Cliff (11LH), Deputy Andrew Shaw (11IN)
Year 7 students have been very busy during the first half term. They have been finding out how to run an election campaign with the support of Mrs Roscoe (Assistant Head) and members of the Town Councillors; who have been giving students their ideas and suggestions . The whole process had been managed with the support and commitment of the Town Council in partnership with Maryhill. The students of Kidsgrove have a voice within the Town Council and a commitment for this to be heard.


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Working closely with Environment North and Flanagan Consulting Group, Biotropica Australia has been providing all the environmental survey data required to assist the Queensland Department of Main Roads to develop the Preliminary Design for this AUD$90 million project. In order to control the negative effects posed by the linear barrier effect of the new road, Biotropica staff have been assessing the highway environment and developing wildlife management solutions. A number of rare and vulnerable species and habitats were located during Biotropica surveys, influencing the final design and construction methodology. This project has a number of innovative approaches to road design which should set new benchmarks for road construction in sensitive areas. A feature of the design will be an ‘over the canopy’ viaduct which will allow wildlife to cross beneath the road in complete safety. Biotropica Australia staff worked closely with colleagues from James Cook University to examine the effects of the viaduct on light and moisture and whether the forest below would tolerate the modified conditions. Our modelling showed that light would be sufficient to maintain the growth of most plants however an overhead irrigation system will be needed to provide simulated rainfall for the forest beneath which would otherwise remain dry. Interestingly, the German Department of Transport recently embarked on almost identical work and Biotropica Australia ecologist Lars Kazmeier visited the project in Germany in June 2008. Even more interesting was the observation that research in Germany generated very similar data and recommendations to those made by Biotropica Australia and James Cook University.
Wildlife underpasses and canopy rope bridges are also planned in a number of locations. The Cardwell Range provides habitat for endangered species including the Cassowary and Mahogany Glider, and underpasses and rope bridges will be used to allow their safer movement across the road. Rehabilitation and fencing will be strategically used to direct and attract wildlife to underpasses, and to re-instate aquatic connectivity for fish, reptiles and amphibians.
Biotropica Australia staff have also been working with landscape architects from Place Design Group to develop rehabilitation techniques for the road works post-construction. Once again, Biotropica Australia has developed innovative approaches to revegetate the large cuts and embankments resulting from construction. Using only local native species, the rehabilitation design will work to ensure the construction is merged into the surrounds as quickly and effectively as possible. Biotropica Australia’s expertise in tropical rehabilitation is well known and the company is involved in a number of Department of Main Roads projects where this expertise is required.

domain: biology


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Yes, ladies and gentelmen. Colleen Lachowich is not fit for the postion. Here is why:
In an unusual press release issued Thursday, the Maine GOP attacked Lachowicz for a "bizarre double life" in which she's a devotee of the hugely popular online role-playing game World of Warcraft. In the game, she's "Santiaga," an "orc assassination rogue" with green skin, fangs, a Mohawk and pointy ears.
Obviously, if she played Alliance, that would be another story... But an Orc, and Rogue??? And only lvl68???
Edited for funky formatting

domain: game


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Infinite Dotted Pendant
"Infinite Dotted Pendant" is a jewel of Urban Cromos's "Dots" collection. With a strong character and an elegant appearance, the ideal accessories for those in search of a bright and classy jewel.
Created by Matteo
Contact us and create your own personalized jewel and turn it into an Urban Cromos jewel.


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Denver guitarist Dave Preston has played with: Matt Morris, Justin Timberlake, Charlie Sexton, Keaton Simons, One Eskimo, Trace Bundy, Tab Benoit, Megan Burtt, John Common, Hello Kavita, Rob Drabkin, Eleanor, Gregory Alan Isakov, The John Bulter Trio, Paula Cole, Sister Hazel, Spearhead. He has played on The Late Show with David Letterman, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, CBS Morning Show, Fox Denver, Peacock Cafe, Fox Boston, Fox Connecticut, Better Mornings, Lopez Tonight, as well as a live performance/recording on "HOPE FOR HAITI NOW" with Justin Timberlake and Matt Morris. He has also been recognized internationally for his ambient guitar work through radio and other media outlets.
Preston’s first ambient music release, "BE" quickly gained the attention of famed film composer and ambient innovator Robert Rich, who called the work "Thoughtful, never facile." After gaining national radio play through NPR and international radio syndication through Radio Despi (Spain) and Echoes (USA), "BE" debuted in September 2008 at 91 on the New Age Reporter Charts. The following month, after con-tinued heavy rotation on an increasing amount of radio stations and syndicated shows, "BE" shot up the charts to 66.
In 2008, after Tennman recording artist Matt Morris asked Preston to join his band, Morris and Preston began shaping "BE-JOY" (third track from "BE") from an ambient soundscape, into a melodic, pulse driven POP song. Co-produced by Justin Timberlake, "Just Before The Morning" (Ninth track from "When Everything Breaks Open") carries charting promise and marks the beginning of a writing friendship. Look for Dave Preston's charting albums "BE", "The Day", and coming soon "Soundtrack For Motion", as well as Matt Morris' live show and chart-topping record, "When Everything Breaks Open".


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Here are some new updates and news regarding one coin one life upcoming.
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Stay up to date with the latest Eidoo price movements and forum discussion.The village unveiled its plans to launch a regional initial coin offering.
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Read the latest news about Bitcoin to learn more about. and is limited to 21 million coins.

domain: finance


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Please click here to view BC Iron’s latest investor presentation.
Welcome to BC Iron’s shareholder services section which is designed to provide current and potential investors with access to public information.
To keep up to date with the Company’s material announcements, please click here to register with our electronic mailing list.
For further information on BC Iron, please click here to register your enquiry.
BC Iron’s share register is managed by Computershare Investor Services Pty.
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GPO Box D182 Perth WA 6840, Australia
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BC Iron Limited is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) under the code BCI.