Sustainable Aquaculture and Fisheries for a Secure Future
AquaFish Collaborative Research Support Program Newsletter Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Volume 26, Number 3/Summer-Fall 2011
Visit Aquanews archives at aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/
IN THIS ISSUE... Development and diversification of indigenous species for aquaculture in Ghana 1 CRSP Biodiversity Symposium 2 Goings-on in the Pond...
Brazilian aquaculture and the CRSP at World Aquaculture 2011
Development of More Sustainable Prawn Aquaculture in Thailand
CRSP Student Update:
Graduate Student Profile:
Master Training for CRSP Participants
AquaFish CRSP Workshops in Guyana 10 AquaFish CRSP at FtF Forum and CRSP Council Meeting 14 PONDerings...
Development and diversification of indigenous species for aquaculture in Ghana By Nelson Agbo, Steve Amisah, Emmanuel Frimpong, and Kwamena Quagrainie
here is a growing need to diversify species used in aquaculture as capture fisheries decline and demand for fish increases. Studies in different parts of the world continue to investigate the use of “non-traditional” species in aquaculture. In Ghana, as in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the tilapias and the clariid catfishes (Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus sps) have been the main focus of development efforts in aquaculture for subsistence and for purposes because of their well-understood biology and adaptability to culture environments. However, over the past several years there has been a clear trend among farmers towards diversification of species in Ghana, and the Purdue University-led AquaFish CRSP team in Africa has thrown its weight behind this effort.
Recent studies by Dr. Emmanuel Frimpong, an assistant professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) and US Co-PI of the AquaFish CRSP Ghana Project and Drs. Nelson Agbo and Steve Amisah, CRSP researchers at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana, revealed that farmers were increasingly culturing a number of ‘non-traditional’ species. Some of the most common among these species are African bony-tongue Heterotis niloticus, the Claroteid catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, and the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura, which are indigenous to the area and are among the most highly valued species in West African inland fisheries. These species are widely distributed in tropical rivers and freshwater lakes of Western and Central Africa. In Ghana, the Claroteid catfish forms about 40% of the catch from the Volta Lake alone. Both the African bony-tongue and the Claroteid catfish are omnivores, with a wide variety of food preferences. African snakehead, on the Three species of interest pictured from top to bottom: Claroteid catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, African snakehead Parachanna obscura, and the African bony-tongue Heterotis niloticus. Diversification of Species continued on page 12...
Aquanews Summer 2011
CRSP Biodiversity Symposium THE EFFECTS OF SEMI-INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE ON BIODIVERSITY IN NEARSHORE AND INLAND WATERS
Goings-on in the Pond...
By Stephanie Ichien
AquaFish CRSP Director Hillary Egna and US Lead Project PI Jim Diana organized a Biodiversity Symposium as a way to discuss the primary impacts of semi-intensive aquaculture on biodiversity and to illustrate ways of mitigating its negative impacts on organisms and habitats. Sponsored by the CRSP, the symposium was hosted within the American Fisheries Society (AFS) 2011 Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington and took place on 8 September 2011. A panel discussion, attended by the invited speakers on the morning of the symposium from preceded the formal session and provided the group with the context, structure, and intentions of the symposium. This panel discussion was a valuable time for the invited speakers to discuss their ideas about the future of aquaculture and the potential global impacts. The formal session took place that afternoon, where thirteen presentations were offered for all conference attendees, and staged the topic in a broarder arena. The topics covered in the symposium were based on the environmental impacts of aquaculture as reported in Jim Diana’s article in the January 2009 issue of Nature, “Aquaculture Production and Biodiversity Conservation.” Eight primary impacts were the focus of the 13 talks given during the AFS session. Speakers included CRSP oparticipants and non-CRSP participants in order to provide a wide range of perspectives. With the intention of reaching an audience beyond the aquaculture community, one of the outputs of the symposium will be a brief synoptic article in a large, well-circulated journal. Each of the speakers will also produce an individual manuscript of their presentation, which will be submitted for publication in a special section of an aquaculture journal. For a full list of invited authors and their topics see page 13. The AquaFish CRSP Fifth Annual Report is now availbale on the AquaFish website along with the Feed the Future: Enhancing the Profitability of Small Aquaculture Operations in Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania First Annual Report. 2
quaFish CRSP Lead Host Country PI Dr. Charles Ngugi was recently appointed the Chief Technical Advisor to the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Fisheries Development in Kenya. In this new position, Dr. Ngugi will be responsible for coordinating all fisheries matters in the country and will be in charge of four directorates including the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. With Kenya poised at a critical juncture in the development of their aquaculture and fisheries sector, Dr. Ngugi is well placed to provide quality information and good practical advice. We congratulate Dr. Ngugi on this great honor and wish him all the best in his new position.
ongratulations to Dr. Steve Amisah, AquaFish CRSP Host Country PI in Ghana, who was given the Honorary Award: Best Researcher in Science from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, in Kumasi, Ghana. (see “Congratualtions” page 18 for more.)
ichelle Zamora Abella, AquaFish CRSP graduate student at Central Luzon State University (CLSU) in the Philippines, won the best thesis award in the M.S. category for her work titled, “Effect of Broodfish Potential Social Condition on Seed Production of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.).” The award was presented on 14 April at the CLSU Tea Party and Recognition Program in honor of graduating students. Congratulations to Michelle!
he AquaFish CRSP Management Team has developed a set of brochures that outline programmatic impacts by region. The three brochures, covering work in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, are now available on the AquaFish CRSP website. aquafishcrsp.oregonstate. edu/publications.php
Aquanews Summer 2011
Brazilian aquaculture and the CRSP at World Aquaculture 2011 in Natal, Brazil By Maria Célia Portella
he beautifully situated city of Natal, the capital of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, was the scene of World Aquaculture 2011. Surrounded by impressive dunes and a light blue sea, the Natal Convention Center welcomed more than 4300 participants, representing about 90 countries from around the world. This year, World Aquaculture 2011 was hosted by the World Aquaculture Society (WAS) and the WAS-Latin American and Caribbean Chapter (LACC), and was held along with the 8th International Shrimp Farming Symposium (FENACAM). The latter event takes place every year in Brazil, and is sponsored by the Brazilian Association of Shrimp Producers (ABCC). In addition to more than 50 technical sessions, about 1000 posters were displayed and over 300 exhibitors exposed their latest products, equipment, and innovations in aquaculture at the Trade Show. In the opening ceremony, the Brazilian Minister of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ideli Salvati, explained the goals of the Ministry’s program for exploring the multiple and varied natural resources found in the country for aquaculture production, and the policies for developing them in Brazil. For many years, Brazil was referred to as “a land of promise,” a big, democratic, and stable country, rich in natural resources with fair economic development. It is not different in the aquaculture sector. The favorable climate, warm temperatures (yearround in most areas of the country), abundant water resources (about 5 million ha of flooded lands suitable for cage fish farming and 8,500 km of coastline), huge diversity of native fish species, inexpensive labor, and plentiful grain production, have made aquaculture in Brazil a promising activity.
Photo of aquaculture in Brazil taken in 2008 during the AquaFish CRSP HCPI Exchange project. Photo by Jim Bowman
In the last decade, we have observed fast development of aquaculture in Brazil, growing from an artisanal and disorganized activity to a professional guided industry, producing valuable protein sources and employing many people. The outlook for the Brazilian economy is positive today, and with the fisheries sector upgraded to the status of Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, great efforts have been made to regulate stakeholders and to structure the aquaculture production chain, thereby solidifying Brazil’s huge potential as a world seafood supplier. The development of regional technology and know-how is supported by the scientific knowledge generated by many universities and research institutions. Universities in all regions offer undergraduate and graduate courses in Aquaculture, in addition to more than 90 courses that are offered on other related topics all over the country. This results in the generation of new experts every year. The opportunities and challenges in Brazilian aquaculture are clearer now; the results can already be seen in the increase of production of native (pacu, tambaqui, and surubins) and exotic (tilapia, carp, and shrimps) species. During World Aquaculture 2011, the technical sessions covered the most relevant topics of innovative aquaculture systems and management. The most attended sessions, like the Tilapia Session, offered translation from English to Portuguese. In this specific session, the room was completely filled with scientists, students, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders who all provided very interesting discussions following each presentation. During this Brazil continued on page 6...
Aquanews Summer 2011
Development of More Sustainable Prawn Aquaculture in Thailand By James S. Diana
t is well known that aquaculture plays a major role in the production of food for both export and local markets. The case of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is interesting in Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand. Prawns are very popular food items in this region and, as such, contribute largely to the local economy. In 2008, the total production of prawns in Thailand was approximately 32,000 metric tons, worth about $131 million. The production of prawns has maintained itself at around 30,000 tons since 2003, while the value has increased dramatically â€“ almost doubling during that same time period (Figure 1). Clearly, the quality of the crop and the value per pound has increased over that time period. Prawns grown in Thailand are entirely marketed locally, with no export reported. As such, for several reasons they are not necessarily stong market forces driving more sustainable production nor are they good candidates for certification. First, Thais already understand and value aquaculture. Second, local consumption eliminates organizations, such as importers from Europe or America, having any say in the standards for growing prawns. And third, local consumers in Thailand are more concerned about price than environmental performance.
As the workshop progressed, we were surprised to find that prawn farming had changed dramatically since the 2005 survey. The typical prawn farmer had significantly reduced stocking density, tended to use no water exchange systems for production, and reduced total yield while achieving a higher standard product from the grow-out systems. As a result, the concerns about eutrophication and overfeeding had largely disappeared over the six-year period. Farmers began following the Thailand GAP (good aquaculture practices) standards for Thai shrimp. The shrimp GAP includes ten requirements that are either major (must be adhered to), minor (requires 70% compliance), or recommended (requires 60% compliance). These include major categories of: farm location, farm management, use of drugs, effluent and sediment management, energy use, farm sanitation, harvest and post-harvest handling, labor and welfare, social and environmental responsibilities, and record keeping. While the system is voluntary, GAP standards have been adopted by a large number of shrimp farmers in an effort to improve the sustainability of their operations. In the absence of specific prawn standards, prawn farmers have adopted these practices. To our surprise, prawn farmers in Thailand had willingly changed their practices to a very substantial degree. In 2005, 96% of all farmers practiced intensive monoculture. While we were unable to conduct a similar survey with statistical methodology in the 2011 workshop, reports at the workshop indicated that 80% of farmers today practiced polyculture instead. The common polyculture was with Macrobrachium (about 6 individuals per square meter) and white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (about 12 per square meter) in
In 2005, the University of Michigan CRSP project conducted surveys of prawn farming in Thailand, with the intent of understanding the environmental impact (Schwantes et al. 2009). The end results showed that prawn farming was lucrative for farmers, but there were major concerns about eutrophication of water sources, overuse of feed, and other Figure 1: Prawn production and value in Thailand from 1980 to 2010. environmental impacts symptomatic of an 140,000 Value ($1,000) over-intensity of prawn production. As a 120,000 follow-up to that evaluation, in August 2011 Production (MT) 100,000 Yuan Derun and I conducted a workshop as part of a current AquaFish CRSP project, 80,000 intended to convince prawn farmers to 60,000 undertake more sustainable production practices. We brought together a group of 40,000 managers and farmers and planned to review 20,000 the status of prawn farming and educate them on how to minimize the environmental 0 impacts from farming practices. We thought 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Â we could teach farmers new methods, but we Prawn Aquaculture continued on page 5... were definitely mistaken.
Aquanews Summer 2011 ...Prawn Aquaculture continued from page 4
freshwater. This is in comparison with the monoculture of prawns, which was done at about 40 individuals per square meter; so effectively, the overall density had decreased by at least one-half. Similarly, in 2005, feeds were often handmade and were of low quality with many fine particles, while in polyculture, commercial feeds were used, which are controlled more regularly. Feeding rates are now evaluated using feeding trays. Water exchange in 2005 was about 60% per pond per week, while currently water is exchanged at a much lower rate and most of that water is retained. These changes have occurred in part because the GAP standards for shrimp are being applied to prawns and in part because of a move by the Thai Department of Fisheries to help farmers become more environmentally aware, as well as more profitable. In the new aquaculture system, most farmers rely on freshwater culture of white shrimp at low density for their basic income, and then culture prawns at even lower densities to supplement their income because of prawn’s high market value. As a result, farmer’s overall production has stabilized over the past six years, while the value of their crop has increased dramatically, and the environmental impact of their growing system has decreased dramatically. Assuming the reports presented at our workshop reflect what is actually happening throughout the industry, this is a win-win situation, with prawn culture remaining more profitable, while improving its environmental performance. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this impact was the rapidity of this change; in about six years the industry has changed dramatically from one dominated by intensive monoculture to one using more semi-intensive polyculture. Both systems are very profitable, but the current system appears to be more so because of the lower impact of diseases and the high value of large prawns, which grow more rapidly in the lower density culture systems.
Workshop participants pose for a photo. Photo Courtesy of Jim Diana
The results of the workshop were surprising. Yuan Derun coordinated the workshop, inviting 14 farmers and 17 researchers or government managers of aquaculture systems. Because the workshop was located in Bangkok, most farmers were from Suphanburi or Ratchaburi, two provinces near Bangkok. However, their views almost certainly reflect those of the industry, as those two provinces are the major producers of prawns in Thailand. Overall, the workshop was a success in many ways. From the AquaFish CRSP perspective, major changes in prawn culture have occurred in Thailand as a result of increasing scrutiny for environmental performance. The aquaculture programs continue to be profitable – probably even more profitable than before – but at the same time, much more environmentally sustainable. Intensive efforts by the Thai Department of Fisheries various research groups including NACA (Network of Aquaculture Centers in AsiaPacific) and the AquaFish CRSP, along with the results of our previous study, led this movement toward more sustainable production. More than anything, this change demonstrates the importance of sustainability to aquaculturists in Thailand and bodes well for the future of aquaculture in that region.
To our friends and colleagues in Thailand who are suffering from the worst floods of over a century: Our hearts go out to you for a speedy recovery. 5
Aquanews Summer 2011 ...Brazil continued from page 3
session, Pamila Ramotar, CRSP HC PI from Guyana, gave a talk on behalf of CRSP US PI Kevin Fitzsimmons entitled “Global Overview of Tilapia Production and Markets.” Pamila also presented a poster regarding “Seventy five years of tilapia culture in Indonesia.”
AquaFish CRSP participants attended WAS’11 and were active throughout the conference. On the far left Pamila Ramotar; in the middle, Gustavo Rodriguez; and on the right Claude Boyd. Photos by Maria C. Portella
containing probiotics for pacu larvae.” David Bengtson from University of Rhode Island, presented the work on “Replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and soy protein concentrate in diets for summer flounder,” and Michal Wojno, Dabrowski’s student from Ohio State University, addressed the question “Why the dietary free amino acids are excreted in fish.”
Several other CRSP participants attended the meeting and gave oral and poster presentations, further contributing to the extension of the scientific knowledge generated by their projects. Claude Boyd of Auburn University reviewed the efforts to reduce the waste load of aquaculture facilities. Representing the Konrad Dabrowski, AquaFish CRSP at attending from The Ohio WAS’11 in Brazil, Maria C. State University, reviewed Portella displayed and progress in understanding presented three posters the thiamine (vitamin prepared by the CRSP B1) function in fish, and Management Team. discussed the new results One poster (Ichien et al.) on the replacement of was entitled “Supporting plant protein with algae the development of for growth enhancement sustainable aquaculture of tilapia. Gustavo and fisheries through Rodriguez (CRSP HC Cocapacity building and PI, Mexico) gave two gender integration” and Maria Portella, AquaFish CRSP representative at WAS’11 oral presentations. explained the objectives standing with two of the AquaFish CRSP posters prepared One was directly by the Management Team. Photo courtesy of Maria Portela of AquaFish CRSP to related to his currently build and strengthen funded AquaFish CRSP capacity in developing investigation on “Reproductive broodstock countries through training and outreach management and preliminary larval feeding activities. Short- and long-term trainings were trials of chame Dormitator latifrons”, and the discussed, as well as gender integration the other presentation described respiratory efforts. The two other posters (by Ichien & rates of the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus Egna) were related to (1) “Developing and guttatus during larval development. Maria C. improving the culture of indigenous species,” Portella presented on the “Effect of methylemphasizing the AquaFish CRSP efforts to testosterone on muscle development of stimulate indigenous species production three different tilapia strains,” “Free amino development in Cambodia, Ghana, Mexico, acids in pacu eggs and larvae” as well as Nepal, Nicaragua, and Vietnam, and (2) on “Production of microencapsulated diets “Investigating the relationships between rural Brazil continued on page 7...
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aquaculture systems in Nepal before his second master’s in 2008. This degree was in fisheries science from the University of the Ryukus in Okinawa, Japan, on the “Effect of high temperature on reproductive physiology of Nile tilapia.”
CRSP Student Update: Narayan Prasad Pandit By Stephanie Ichien
inner of the 2011 SOU-CRSP Yang Yi Young Scientist Travel Award, Narayan Prasad Pandit has been involved with the CRSP since 2002 and has had many accomplishments in that time. Currently, Pandit is an Assistant Professor of Aquaculture at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS) under Tribhuvan University, Nepal and is on a path to start his PhD in 2012. This will come after a BS in Agriculture and two master’s degrees. Pandit’s first master’s was in Aquaculture from IAAS on an Aquaculture CRSP (ACRSP) project entitled “Polyculture of grass carp and Nile Tilapia with napier grass as the sole nutrient input in the subtropical climate of Nepal,” working under the guidance of his major professor, Dr. Madhav Shrestha, CRSP HC Co-PI. Following the completion of his first graduate degree with CRSP support, Pandit remained involved with the CRSP on two projects focused on cage-cum-pond
After finishing his second master’s degree in 2010, Pandit transferred into a permanent position, his current job, with IAAS and is again involved with CRSP. Working on the AquaFish project “Incorporation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and sahar (Tor putitora) into the existing carp polycutlure systems of Nepal” with Dr. Shrestha, Pandit remains a key AquaFish CRSP collaborator in Nepal and a rising leader in Nepali aquaculture research. With no aquaculture PhD program available in Nepal, he will head overseas to obtain his doctorate, but plans to return to continue advancing aquaculture research in Nepal and inspiring the next generation of researchers through his accomplishments and his teaching. To read more about Pandit’s involvement with the former ACRSP, he was featured in a Graduate Student Profile during his first master’s program in the Summer 2003 issue of Aquanews, available on the AquaFish CRSP website at: aquafishcrsp. oregonstate.edu/ Documents/aquanews_ pdf/summer03.pdf.
...Brazil continued from page 6
aquaculture development and biodiversity,” highlighting the global partnership to develop sustainable solutions in aquaculture and fisheries and focusing on three topics: mitigating environmental impacts, sustainable feed technology, and indigenous species culture development.
and Paulo Carneiro (Directors). Contributing to the strengthening of aquaculture in LAC region and the establishment of linkages and communication between the countries of Central and South America are the highest priorities and challenges for these new office members.
On a final note regarding CRSP participants at World Aquaculture 2011 in Natal, during the meeting the new Board of Directors of the Latin American and Caribbean Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society for the 2011-12 term was inaugurated. It was constituted as follows: Maria C. Portella (President), Patricia Moraes Valenti (Secretary), Carlos A. Alvarez Gonzalez (Treasurer), and Maria Jose R. Paiva
Finally, the participants could also appreciate the delicious local cuisine and fine culture of Natal. A festival with a seafood-based menu with shrimp and tilapia was held at the Convention Center, and shows featuring regional singers took place during the lunch breaks. These events offered the participants the warmth and special attention with which the Brazilians receive their guests.
Aquanews Summer 2011
Graduate Student Profile: Naim Sidrotun By Stephanie Ichien
quaculture—shrimp culture in particular—is one of the main livelihoods in Indonesia, where Naim Sidrotun is from. However, shrimp disease has been and remains a recurring problem for farmers, which is where Naim hopes to change things. Shrimp diseases have been her focus for over five years, and she is now working on a PhD to minimize shrimp disease through shrimp-tilapia-seaweed polyculture with her major professor, Dr. Kevin Fitzsimmons, at the University of Arizona (UA). With support from AquaFish CRSP, Naim is taking full advantage of the opportunities and the resources available to her in the US and is on track to complete her PhD by December 2012. Naim is from the town of Bandung, West Java, in Indonesia, where she grew up the seventh child of eleven. Her interests took her down several paths and have led her to find her passion as a researcher. In 2002, Naim completed her undergraduate studies in biology at Bandung Institute of
Technology in Indonesia. Three years later in 2005, Naim finished her first MS in marine biology and aquaculture at the University of Queensland, Australia. Most recently, in 2010, she finished the first of her three degrees from UA: her second MS in environmental science. Naim first got involved with her work at UA when she met Dr. Fitzsimmons at an AquaFish CRSP workshop in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Already deeply interested in shrimp diseases and their mitigation, Naim was pleased to learn of Dr. Fitzsimmons’ expertise in shrimptilapia polyculture and its application to minimizing shrimp disease. Issues with disease in Indonesian aquaculture have been a limiting factor in the industry. Resources for dealing with disease in Indonesia are scarce and there are few experts in the field, but Naim hopes that she will be able to change this. She is now well into her PhD research, with the preliminary studies done. Moving forward, Naim will conduct bioassay tests in the lab and plans to scale up to ponds in order to determine the best stocking densities for the shrimp, tilapia, and seaweed to optimally share space. Through her work with AquaFish, Naim has continued to be involved with workshops and trainings, providing her the opportunity to teach others and to connect with the CRSP community around the world. In July 2011, Naim and Dr. Fitzsimmons conducted a training on nutrition and seaweed handling in Jakarta, where 21 people were involved. Ultimately Naim would like to teach at a university. She wants to establish an aquatic disease reference lab in Indonesia where she can continue to share her expertise and expand the aquaculture knowledge base in her country. Further, she has a specific desire to empower women through science.
In 2009 Naim was one of the recipients of the L’Oreal-UNESCO “For Women in Science” award in Indonesia and represented her country in a similar competition at the international level. A 2010 article in the Jakarta Post further highlights some of Naim’s accomplishments: www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/08/02/ sidrotun-naim-becoming-a-shrim p-pathologist.html
Aquanews Summer 2011
Master Training for CRSP Participants at Auburn University By Stephanie Ichien, Chelsea Stephen, and Jim Bowman
y providing jobs and wages, commercial aquaculture can help alleviate poverty, especially for those in rural areas where employment opportunities are limited. In these areas it has become clear that human resource capacity is a key to sustained advancement of the aquaculture sector. However, in many countries there are not enough qualified trainers, i.e., aquaculture specialists with the necessary knowledge and experience to provide reliably high quality information. With awareness of this need for skilled trainers and quality trainings, particularly in Africa, the AquaFish CRSP Auburn University project is conducting an investigation called “Training Trainers for Long Term and Sustained Impact of Pond Aquaculture in Africa.” The goal is to provide a master training program to a select team of highly qualified current aquaculture trainers from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Ghana, and prepare them to hold trainings and provide technical assistance in their home countries. Eight candidates, two from each of the four countries, were nominated and vetted by the training coordinators and the AquaFish CRSP Director, Hillary Egna. The eight participants took part in an Auburn University Master Trainer course, held 26 July-26 August 2011, in Alabama. Through this month-long field training, the participants were exposed to a variety of experiences in pond aquaculture, recirculating systems, partitioned aquaculture
THE EIGHT MASTER TRAINERS: Kenya Judith Amadiva Sammy Macharia
Ghana Ethyl Tettey Danial Boateng
Tanzania Magareth Kibodya Nazael Madalla
Uganda Ben Kiddu Maurice Ssebisubi
systems, fish transport and handling, feed management and feed trials, pond fertilization, water quality monitoring, aeration technology, fish harvesting, and marketing. The hands-on field training further provided the participants the necessary skills to begin developing their own training events, ultimately providing opportunities and a valuable resource for new or aspiring fish farmers in their own countries. The trainees also took part in a distance-learning program, the “Certification of Aquaculture Professionals” (CAP) program, which consists of 10 web-based modules that provide a foundation for professionals in the aquaculture industry. Auburn University’s Karen Veverica coordinated of the training. The training doesn’t end at Auburn, however. The eight participants are now gearing up to hold two one-week training sessions for current and new-entry farmers in each of their home countries. The new Master Trainers will be guided in these in-country trainings by experienced CRSP collaborators, including Auburn’s Karen Veverica and long-time CRSP researchers Charles Ngugi and Yuan Derun. The benefits of the combined CAPs and Master Trainer programs are already being felt by the participants. “I am already using the information to advise farmers and two students from Makerere University working as interns with our organization,” says Ben Kiddu, coordinator of the Walimi Fish Farmers Cooperative Society (Uganda) and Master Trainer participant. “I am so grateful for the opportunity offered to me and the rest of the group that traveled to Auburn for the Master Trainer Course. I have learned a lot and made many new friends.”
Participants getting valuable field experience at the experiment station north of Auburn University in Alabama. Photo courtesy of Karen Veverica
Aquanews Summer 2011
AquaFish CRSP Workshops in Guyana By Kevin Fitzsimmons
uyana, in South America, has some of the best protected rainforests in the world as well as enormous quantities of pristine freshwaters, little industry, a relatively small population, and a long coastline. The northern watersheds drain to the coastal areas to the east and west of the capital, Georgetown, and into the Caribbean, while its southern watersheds are part of the Amazon Basin. Our AquaFish CRSP work in Guyana is split between the two areas. The road to the west of Georgetown does not extend very far into Region 3 (Figure 1), but the east road extends all the way to the border with Surinam. In this eastern area, Regions 4 and 5, we have worked with a number of individual farmers rearing tilapia and pacu and with one womenâ€™s cooperative rearing tilapia and hassar, a local armored catfish. The farms are all arrayed along the coastal highway and use their fish primarily for direct consumption and local sales, as well as for some sales to the major population center of Georgetown. In Regions 4 and 5 we have worked with most of the individual farmers including those growing tilapia, pacu, and shrimp, a
feed mill producing fish feed, and one tilapia hatchery. The tilapia farmers are using both Mozambique tilapia imported years ago and improved selections of Nile tilapia donated by Swansea University in Wales with support from the British Department for International Development (DFID). The two shrimp farmers we work with use extensive methods of nonfed, tidal impoundments. On our last visit we collected shrimp samples for eventual species identification and gross health exam. We have suggested that the farmers consider growing tilapia in cages in their ponds to increase revenues, increase growth and survival of the shrimp, and diversify their sales (in time and product). The Trafalgar Union Womenâ€™s Cooperative operates one of the largest farms in Region 5. This cooperative of 16 women have pooled their resources and been provided with a low cost lease on 12.5 hectares of federal land. The farm now includes 10 ponds, with four more under construction. We have conducted three workshops for the group. One workshop was held at the National Aquaculture Center at Mon Repos, one at the Maharaja Feed Mill, and a third at the Trafalgar Union Farm. The workshops included basics of aquaculture and tilapia biology, basic fish nutrition, feed formulations, feed manufacturing, and on-farm feed handling and distribution. Our second area of interest is in the Rupununi Basin in the southern portion of Guyana (Region 9). The Rupununi is a part of the Amazon watershed that seasonally floods large areas of savanna. The indigenous populations of the Rupununi are commonly referred to as AmerIndians. These native people have a very different culture and lifestyle compared to the coastal populations, Figure 1: Map of Guyana, ten regions.
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5 Region 6 Region 7 Region 8 Region 9 Region 10
Barima-Waini Pomeroon-Supenaam Essequibo Islands-West Demerara Demerara-Mahaica Mahaica-Berbice East Berbice Corentyne Cuyuni-Mazaruni Potaro-Siparuni Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Upper Demerara-Berbice Guyana Workshops continued on page 11...
Aquanews Summer 2011 ...Guyana Workshops continued from page 10
Therefore we recommended a simple small pond system coupled with production of local vegetables. With the lack of reliable electricity we incorporated a solar panel for the pump used for irrigation periods. For the demonstration pond and garden, a solar panel was purchased in Georgetown along with a battery, a controller, and a direct current pump. We took the materials as our checked baggage and flew to Annai with a change of clothes in hand.
Office and feed storage at the Trafalgar Union Model Farm. Coop leader, Ms. Shenella Lewis and several sons and nephews who have been hired to work at the farm. Photo courtesy of Kevin Fitzsimmons
which are composed of the descendants of black slaves and East Indian indentured workers. There is only one unpaved road across the Rupununi Basin and no electrical or phone systems. The people are essentially subsistence farmers utilizing solar panels or diesel generators for household electrical power. As there are no phone, radio or television signals, internet connections through satellite dishes provide the only communication with the outside, aside from irregular mail service when the dirt road is passable. Our focus in the southern watersheds has been to study, develop, describe, and demonstrate a simple integrated farming system utilizing native fishes and vegetable crops grown in the area. We organized our workshops and visits with the Fisheries Office staff in Georgetown before flying by small plane to the airstrip at Annai. We held our first workshops to describe the system to the community members and to gather their input and suggestions as to how to improve the concept. We also visited several ponds that had been built in the area. None of the ponds could be drained. None were fenced to keep out caiman or other fish eaters. Several of the ponds were more than three meters deep. The attempts at stocking had failed, and any attempts to harvest by net were unsuccessful.
After the prior workshop and discussions with the local association of farmers, we decided to put a demonstration farm at the Rock View Lodge. The Lodge is situated between the airstrip and the dirt highway crossing the Rupununi Savanah. The regional primary and secondary schools are on either side of the Lodge and virtually all the school children cross the property twice a day going to or returning from school. With the open and sharing nature of the society, it is normal for everyone to stop and see anything that is new when â€œpassing by.â€? Everyone agreed this would be the best location. The proprietor, Colin Edwards, has started the rcommended pond construction and planted the garden. He has the solar panel and battery apparatus ready to install when the fish are stocked. The current plan is to stock with pacu fingerlings. The pacu are native to the area and fingerlings are available from a hatchery across the border in Brazil. Delivery is only possible in the dry season, but plans have been developed for stocking in September 2011.
The participants of the AquaFish CRSP workshop in Annai at the Bina Hill Community center pose for a picture. Photo courtesy of Kevin Fitzsimmons
Aquanews Summer 2011 ...Diversification of Species continued from page 1
other hand, is a voracious predator. In captivity, remarkable growth of these species have been reported, with mean body weight of the African bony-tongue reaching up to 4 kg in 12 months. “Production of these species in captivity is necessary because environmental degradation and overfishing have reduced their populations,” says Steve Amisah, associate professor at KNUST and the Host Country PI of the AquaFish CRSP Project in Ghana.
the dietary protein requirements for juvenile African bony-tongue and the Claroteid catfish as 30-35% and 35-40% respectively. These findings were the result of several feed trials conducted to compare the effects of varying crude protein (CP) levels ranging from 25% to 45% using fish meal/soybean meal as protein sources in a ratio of 2:1 in practical diets. The Claroteid catfish were reared in tanks and African bony-tongue were reared in hapas.
An AquaFish CRSP workshop held in July 2011 in Ghana on the culture of the new indigenous species received overwhelming attendance by over 100 farmers– an indication that When farmers were asked in a survey why farmers’ interest in the production of these they were eager to culture these species, their species remains high. most frequent response Farmers enthusiastically was that these species participated in an open are in high demand forum to share their and fetch higher prices experiences with the culture in local markets than of indigenous species. tilapia. Thus, the farmers During the workshop, are motivated by the considerable and very useful market potential of these anecdotal information species. was gathered, including interesting comments like Before initiation of the ”when Claroteid catfish is AquaFish study, technical overfed it becomes very information on the fatty and dies” and ”African culture of these species snakeheads do not need to in Ghana was scanty, be fed; they just eat mud including knowledge and grow very big,” referring of their ecology and AquaFish CRSP graduate students, Ethel Tettey (left) and to the snakeheads ability to biology, especially their Peter Akpaglo (right), working in Ghana, preparing feed subsist on natural production dietary requirements for indigenous species. Photo by Nelson Agbo in extensive ponds. Farmers under culture conditions. were so intrigued by the preliminary findings To consider the species for development, it that some started requesting the experimental is important to verify their life-history, trophic diets to feed their fish. level, and other ecological traits that could be exploited for commercial seed production Our studies are still in the preliminary stages and fast grow-out in ponds and cages. and additional work is on-going for these Documentation of such information will species. Future work at KNUST will continue provide the basis for further studies on the looking at nutritional requirements and species for development in Ghana. The study, developing strategies for the establishment therefore, was designed to gather information of sustainable production systems, marketing from literature, fish farmers, vendors, and schemes, and profitability plans for the culture fishers, and to conduct experiments to of these species. determine the nutritional requirements of the African bony-tongue, the Claroteid catfish, and the African snakehead. Over the past two years, Aquafish CRSP investigations at KNUST, in collaboration with Virginia Tech, have documented information on several aspects of the culture and nutritional requirements for the three indigenous fishes. They have determined 12
The July workshop held by the CRSP team in Ghana caught the attention of journalist Kofi Adu Domfeh, who published a story called “Fish farmers recount prospects of aquaculture for job creation.” The article appeared in several online publications, and included an interview with CRSP US Co-PI Dr. Emmanuel Frimpong. The article at africanews.com can be found here: http://bit.ly/p6SJgK
Aquanews Summer 2011
Some of the Biodiversity Symposium participants met at the AFS reception before the symposium got underway. Pictured here from left to right: Konrad Dabrowski, Marc Verdegem, Barb Diana, Maria Portella, Jim Diana, and Stephanie Ichien. Photo Courtesy of Barb Diana
On the day of the CRSP Biodiversity Symposium, invited speakers and organizers posed for a group picture after the panel discussion. In front: Marc Verdegem and Hillary Egna. Standing from left to right: Bob Pomeroy, Claude Boyd, Mark Peterson, Felipe Cabello (front), Jim Diana, Thierry Chopin, Todd Slack, Ling Cao, Maria Portella, Konrad Dabrowski, and Wilfrido Contreras-Sanchez. Photo By Stephanie Ichien
Topics and Presentations in the CRSP Biodiversity Symposium (...continued from page 2) The Effects of Semi-Intensive Aquaculture On Biodiversity In Nearshore and Inland Waters: An Overview James Diana, TheUniversity of Michigan Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA): Biodiversifying fed fish aquaculture with extractive seaweed and invertebrate aquaculture to provide both biomitigative services and diversified seafood production Thierry Chopin, University of New Brunswick Aquaculture Effluents and Eutrophication Claude Boyd, Auburn University Transboundary and Emerging Diseases of Freshwater Farmed, Ornamental and Wild Fish Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Applying Environmental Footprint Concept for Biodiversity Conservation In Semi-Intensive Aquaculture Ling Cao, The University of Michigan Environmental Performance Marc Verdegem, Wageningen University Antimicrobial Use In Aquaculture, Microbial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Felipe Cabello, New York Medical College Primary Questions of Nutritional Physiology That Would Combine the Whole Life Cycle In Culture of South American Pseudoplatystoma Destined for Conservation and Industrial Purposes Konrad Dabrowski, The Ohio State University Social and Economic Impacts of Semi-Intensive Aquaculture on Biodiversity Robert Pomeroy, University of Connecticut-Avery Point Aquaculture for the Conservation of Native Fish Species In Southeastern Mexico Wilfrido Contreras-Sanchez, Universidad Ju谩rez Aut贸noma de Tabasco Understanding the Basic Biology and Ecology of Invasive Nile Tilapia: The Role It Plays In Sustainable Aquatic Biodiversity Mark S. Peterson, University of Southern Mississippi Tilapia and Aquaculture: a Review of Management Concerns William T. Slack, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Mississippi To view the submitted abstracts and the presentations given at AFS during this symposium, please see the AquaFish CRSP website: aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/biodiversity.php 13
Aquanews Summer 2011
AquaFish CRSP at FtF Forum and CRSP Council Meeting By Stephanie Ichien
he AquaFish CRSP Director, Dr. Hillary Egna represented AquaFish in the international development arena. From Washington DC to Kampala, Uganda, Dr. Egna has kept aquaculture and fisheries research in the discussion, as new research strategies are developing and budgets continually change. In June 2011, Hillary Egna was invited to travel to Washington DC to participate in the “Feed the Future Research Forum: Engaging the Research Community,” where more than 300 members of the global agriculture research community gathered to refine the Obama Administration’s hunger and food security initiative, Feed the Future (FtF). The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) organized the forum in collaboration with the Board for International Food and Agriculture Development (BIFAD), the US Agency for International Development (USAID), and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Also present at the forum were representatives from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the US Geological Service (USGS), and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA). The three-day event was aimed to further develop the research strategies outlined in the FtF initiative through invited presentations
and breakout sessions. The result of this forum will be critical in framing future workplans and funding allocations for any research conducted under FtF. The DC FtF meeting followed the FtF research strategymeeting held at Purdue University in January 2011, in which Hillary Egna aslo participated. About a month later, Dr. Egna traveled to Uganda for both the CRSP Council meeting and AquaFish CRSP site visits. Nine of the eleven existing CRSPs have projects in Uganda—the greatest number of CRSPs represented in a single country— and is a “priority” focus country under the FtF initiative. With ten CRSP directors present, this was an opportunity to discuss program status, progress, and challenges within the CRSP framework. Further, the meetings provided the opportunity to share information with representatives from USAID and the Bureau of Food Security’s Office of Agriculture Research and Technology. The trip also provided a valuable opportunity for site visits, as Uganda is a recent addition to the AquaFish CRSP research portfolio and a prime site for continuing research. As part of the CRSP Council activities, the group toured Makerere University in Kampala and visited sites from a few of the CRSPs, including one of the AquaFish CRSP experimental ponds. Beyond the CRSP Council activities, Dr. Egna took some time to visit some of the other aquaculture facilities in the area and connect with AquaFish CRSP researchers in Uganda.
All photos from AquaFish CRSP Director Hillary Egna’s trip to Uganda in June 2011. Photos by and courtesy of Hillary Egna
Aquanews Summer 2011
Notices of Publication Notices of Publication announce recently published work carried out under AquaFish CRSP sponsorship. To receive a full copy of a report, please contact the author(s) directly. ROLE OF AQUACULTURE POND SEDIMENTS IN SEQUESTRATION OF ANNUAL GLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONS (10-269) Claude E. Boyd a*, C. Wesley Wood b, Philip L. Chaney c, and Julio F. Queiroz d Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA b Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA c Department of Geology and Geography, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA d Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340, km 127,5, CX.P. 69, CEP 13.820-000 Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Brazil. a
Efforts to quantify carbon sequestration in inland water bodies have focused on inland seas, natural lakes, and large river impoundments (Mulholland and Elwood, 1982; Dean and Gorham, 1998). A recent study in Iowa (Downing et al., 2008) suggested that small, agriculturally-eutrophic impoundments bury carbon at an average rate of 2122 gm-2 yr-1 five times higher than in large, river impoundments, 30 times more than in small, natural lakes, and over 400 times greater than in inland seas and large natural lakes (Mulholland and Elwood, 1982; Dean and Gorham, 1998). The combined water surface area of small impoundments in farming areas was estimated at 21,000 km2 in the United States and 77,000 km2 globally (Smith et al., 2002; Downing et al., 2006), and these impoundments may bury more carbon than the world’s oceans (Downing et al., 2008). The area of agriculturally-eutrophic impoundments used for estimating carbon sequestration (Downing et al., 2008) did not include aquaculture ponds. According to statistical data on aquaculture production maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, there are 110,830 km2 of aquaculture ponds worldwide (Verdegem and Bosma, 2009). Aquaculture ponds also may be important in global, carbon sequestration.
watershed ponds in agricultural or other rural areas (Boyd, 1995). However, earthwork of aquaculture ponds is eroded by rain, waves, and water currents generated by mechanical aerators, activities of culture species, and harvesting operations. Manure, grass, and other agricultural wastes traditionally have been applied to ponds as organic fertilizer to increase aquatic animal production, but highquality, pelleted feeds are rapidly replacing fertilizers as a means of achieving greater production (Boyd and Tucker, 1998). Fertilizers and feeds contain inorganic nutrients that stimulate organic carbon production by phytoplankton photosynthesis in ponds (Boyd and Tucker, 1998). Coarse, soil particles suspended by internal erosion settle near edges of ponds while smaller particles tend to settle in deeper areas (Boyd,1995). Organic matter from dead plankton, organic fertilizers, uneaten feed, and excrement of culture species settles on pond bottoms and gradually mixes with soil particles. Aquaculture management favors microbial decomposition of organic matter. For example, organic matter inputs usually have a narrow carbon: nitrogen ratio, ponds with acidic, bottom soils are limed, and mechanical aeration avoids oxygen-depletion at the sedimentwater interface (Boyd and Tucker, 1998). Much recently-settled organic detritus is discharged when ponds are drained for harvest (Ayub et al., 1993). After draining, pond bottoms usually are dried to enhance soil aeration and accelerate decomposition of labile organic matter (Boyd, 1995). Nevertheless, a layer of sediment with an organic carbon concentration higher than that of the original pond bottom soil and with a characteristic profile of well-defined strata or horizons develops (Munsiri et al., 1995). This abstract is excerpted from the original paper, which was in Environmental Pollution 158 (2010): 2537-2540 NOPs Continued on page 16...
All past and present Notices of Publication can be found on the AquaFish CRSP website at: aquafishcrsp.oregonstate.edu/ publications.php
Aquaculture ponds do not have large external sediment loads typical of river reservoirs or small, 15
Aquanews Summer 2011 ...NOPs continued from page 15
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN LARVAE OF MAYAN CICHLID CICHLASOMA UROPHTHALMUS (11-270) G. López-Ramírez, C. A. Cuenca-Soria, C. A. Alvarez-González, D. Tovar-Ramírez, J. L. OrtizGalindo, N. Perales-García, G. Márquez-Couturier, L. Arias-Rodríguez, J. R. Indy, W. M. ContrerasSánchez, and E. Gisbert F. J. Moyano The development of digestive enzymes during the early ontogeny of the Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) was studied using biochemical and electrophoretic techniques. From yolk absorption (6 days after hatching: dah), larvae were fed Artemia nauplii until 15 dah, afterward they were fed with commercial microparticulated trout food (45% protein and 16% lipids) from 16 to 60 dah. Several samples were collected including yolk-sac larvae (considered as day 1 after hatching) and specimens up to 60 dah. Most digestive enzymes were present from yolk absorption (5–6 dah), except for the specific acid proteases activity (pepsinlike), which increase rapidly from 8 dah up to 20 dah. Three alkaline proteases isoforms (24.0, 24.8, 84.5 kDa) were detected at 8 dah using SDS–PAGE zymogram, corresponding to trypsin, chymotrypsin and probably leucine aminopeptidase enzymes, and only one isoform was detected (relative electromobility, Rf = 0.54) for acid proteases (pepsin- like) from 3 dah onwards using PAGE zymogram. We concluded that C. urophthamus is a precocious fish with a great capacity to digest all kinds of food items, including artificial diets provided from 13 dah. This abstract was excerpted from the original paper, which was published in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry (2011) 37:197-208. EFFECTS OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA ON LIFE HISTORY OF WATER FLEA DAPHNIA MAGNA (11-271) LIU Liping1**, LI Kang1, CHEN Taoying1, DAI Xilin1, JIANG Min1, and James S. DIANA2 Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources of the Shanghai Ocean University and Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China 2 School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 1
Cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwater systems are a worldwide problem, creating adverse effects for many aquatic organisms by producing 16
toxic microcystins and deteriorating water quality. In this study, microcystins (MCs) in Microcystis aeruginosa, and Daphnia magna exposed to M. aeruginosa, were analyzed by HPLC-MS, and the effects of M. aeruginosa on D. magna were investigated. When D. magna was exposed to M. aeruginosa for more than 2 h, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was detected. When exposed to 1.5 x 106, 3 x 106, 0.75 x 107, and 1.5 x 107 cell/mL of M. aeruginosa for 96 h, average survival of D. magna for treatments were 23.33%, 33.33%, 13.33%, 16.67%, respectively, which were significantly lower than the average 100% survival in the control group (P < 0.05). The adverse effects of M. aeruginosa on body length, time for the first brood, brood numbers, gross fecundity, lifespan, and population growth of D. magna were density-dependent. These results suggest that the occurrence of M. aeruginosa blooms could strongly inhibit the population growth of D. magna through depression of survival, individual growth and gross fecundity. In the most serious situations, M. aeruginosa blooms could undermine the food web by eliminating filter-feeding zooplankton, which would destroy the ecological balance of aquaculture water bodies. This abstract was excerpted from the original paper, which was published in the Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology (2011), 29 (4): 892-897. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) EXPOSED TO AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) (11-272) Elijah Oyoo-Okoth1,2, Charles C. Ngugi2, and Victoria Chepkirui-Boit2 Department of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Amsterdam, Krutslaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Moi Universty, Eldoret, Kenya 1
In this study, the physiological and biochemical response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 96 and 24 h exposure to aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) in extract concentrations ranging from 0 to 32,000 mg/l was evaluated. After 96 h and 24 h exposure, the LC50 of neem extract was estimated at 3,200 and 6,800 mg/l, respectively. Plasma cortisol increased beyond pre-treatment levels at neem extract concentrations above 2,000 mg/l over 96 h and above 4,000 mg/l over 24 h. Blood glucose increased at neem extract concentrations above 1,000 and 5,000 mg/l at 24 NOPs Continued on page 17...
Aquanews Summer 2011 ...NOPs continued from page 16
and 96 h, respectively. Neem extract concentraton had little effect on serum sodium and plasma chloride. Hematocrit was higher than the control at neem concentrations above 1,000 mg/l in the 96 h exposure and above 2,000 mg/l in the 24 h exposure. Plasma ammonia increased significantly at neem extract concentrations above 2,000 mg/l for both the 96h and 24h tests. Immediately after beginning treatment, cortisol levels increased significantly at neem extract concentrations above 2,000 mg/l in the 96 h test and 4,000 mg/l in the 24 h toxicity test. Exposure to neem extract interfered with the antioxidant defense system of the fish by reducing liver catalase activity. Even though extracts of neem are less toxic at low concentrations, concentrations exceeding 3,200 mg/l influence physiological and biochemical disturbances in fish. This abstract was excerpted from the original paper, which was published in the Journal of Applied Aquaculture (2011), 23 (2): 177-186.
systems, 1 metric ton (t) live-weight of shrimp production in China required 38.3±4.3 GJ of energy, as well as 40.4±1.7 t of net primary productivity, and generated 23.1±2.6 kg of SO2 equiv, 36.9 ± 4.3 kg of PO4 equiv, and 3.1 ±0.4 t of CO2 equiv. Processing made a higher contribution to cradleto-destination- port impacts than distribution of processed shrimp from farm gate to final markets in both supply chains. In 2008, the estimated total electricity consumption, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions from Chinese white-leg shrimp production would be 1.1 billion kW-h, 49 million GJ, and 4 million metric tons, respectively. Improvements suggested for Chinese shrimp aquaculture include changes in feed composition, farm management, electricity-generating sources, and effluent treatment before discharge. Our results can be used to optimize market-oriented shrimp supply chains and promote more sustainable shrimp production and consumption. This abstract was excerpted from the original paper, which was published in Environmental Science & Technology (2011), 45 (15): 6531-6538.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF CHINESE SHRIMP FARMING SYSTEMS TARGETED FOR EXPORT AND DOMESTIC SALES (11-273)
Polyculture of Sahar (Tor putitora) with mixed-sex Nile tilapia (11-274)
Ling Cao*1, James S. Diana1, Gregory A. Keoleian1, and Qiuming Lai2
M.K. Shresthaa, R.L. Sharmaa, K. Ghartia, and J.S. Dianab
School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States 2 Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou, China
We conducted surveys of six hatcheries and 18 farms for data inputs to complete a cradle-tofarm-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance for intensive (for export markets in Chicago) and semi-intensive (for domestic markets in Shanghai) shrimp farming systems in Hainan Province, China. The relative contribution to overall environmental performance of processing and distribution to final markets were also evaluated from a cradle-todestination-port perspective. Environmental impact categories included global warming, acidification, eutrophication, cumulative energy use, and biotic resource use. Our results indicated that intensive farming had significantly higher environmental impacts per unit production than semi-intensive farming in all impact categories. The grow-out stage contributed between 96.4% and 99.6% of the cradle-to-farm-gate impacts. These impacts were mainly caused by feed production, electricity use, and farm-level effluents. By averaging over intensive (15%) and semi-intensive (85%) farming
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Rampur Campus, Chitwan, Nepal b University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Sahar (Tor putitora) is an economically important indigenous fish in Nepal, with major efforts to conserve and propagate the species. It is a predator and may function to control recruitment by naturally produced Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in ponds. Sahar (Tor putitora) were cultured with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to evaluate control of tilapia recruitment in aquaculture ponds. Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of the sahar to tilapia stocking ratio on the recruitment and growth of mixed-sex Nile tilapia. The first experiment was conducted in 100 m2 earthen ponds at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Chitwan, Nepal to determine these effects. The second experiment was conducted on farm at Kathar, Chitwan, Nepal to verify the results in working ponds. The onstation experiment had four treatments with three replicates each: tilapia monoculture (T1), 1:16 sahar to tilapia ratio (T2), 1:8 sahar to tilapia ratio (T3), and 1:4 sahar to tilapia ratio (T4). Tilapia were stocked NOPs Continued on page 19...
Aquanews Summer 2011
Upcoming Meetings and Events...
he AquaFish CRSP promotes workshops and meetings designed to facilitate increased knowledge and communication in aquaculture. Meetings and workshops coming up include... Third International Symposium On Cage Aquaculture in Asia (CAA3) 16-19 November 2011 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia www.asianfisheriessociety.org/caa3/
WAFICOS Annual Fish Farmers’ Symposium and Trade Show 11-13 January 2012 Uganda
Aquaculture America 2012: Bringing Players to the Table 29 February- 2 March 2012 Las Vegas, Nevada USA www.was.org/WasMeetings/meetings/Default. aspx?code=AA2012
Australasian Aquaculture 2012 1-4 May 2012 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia www.was.org/AA12/Default.aspx
IIFET 2012 Biennial Conference
16-20 July 2012 The University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam, Tanzania http://oregonstate.edu/dept/IIFET/
PONDerings... “End of the Line”
By Bryan Walsh Excerpted from the full story in Time Magazine July 18, 2011 Humans have been raising some fish in farms for almost as long as we’ve been fishing, beginning with Chinese fishponds 4,000 years ago. But it’s only in the past 50 years that aquaculture has become a true industry. Global aquacultural production increased from less than 1 million tons in 1950 to 52.5 million tons in 2008, and over the past few decades, aquaculture has grown faster than any other form of food production. Today about half the seafood consumed around the world comes from farms, and with the projected rise in global seafood consumption, that proportion will surely increase. Without aquaculture, the pressure to overfish the oceans would be even greater. “It’s no longer a question about whether aquaculture is something we should or shouldn’t embrace,” says Ned Daly, senior projects adviser at the Seafood Choices Alliance. “It’s here. The question is how we’ll do it.” Walsh, Byran. “End of the Line”. Time 18 July, 2011: Vol. 178 No.3
Read more: http://www.time.com/time/health/ article/0,8599,2081796,00.html#ixzz1TG048oNq
The Ninth International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture 24-26 August 2012 Roanoke, Virginia http://www.recircaqua.com/icra.html
Aqua 2012: Global Aquaculture Securing Our Future 1-5 September 2012 Prague, Czech Republic www.was.org/WasMeetings/meetings/Default. aspx?code=Aqua2012
For more meeting and employment opportunities visit our Education & Employment Opportunities network database online, EdOpNet, at aquafishcrsp. oregonstate.edu/edop.php 18
In addition to receiving the Honorary Award for Best Researcher in Science, Dr. Amisah was also recently promoted to the rank of Associate Professor at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi, Ghana. Congratulatoins to Associate Professor, Dr. Steve Amisah!
Aquanews Summer 2011 ...NOPs continued from page 17
at 2 fish m-2 (average size 11.3 g), and sahar were stocked at treatment densities (15.2 g average size) in each pond. The ponds were fertilized weekly using diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea at the rate of 0.1 g P 2 d-1 and 0.4 g N m-2 d-1 respectively. Tilapia were fed with a locally made pelleted feed (27% crude protein), at the rate of 2% body weight every other day after attaining a size of 100 g. Results showed significantly increased average harvest size (P < 0.05) for treatment 2, when sahar were stocked with tilapia compared to the tilapia monoculture. The number of recruits significantly decreased (P > 0.05) when sahar were stocked, and recruit numbers were inversely proportional to stocking density of sahar. Stocking of sahar reduced tilapia recruitment in a mixedsex Nile tilapia pond culture system and produced better tilapia growth and production. Stocking at a 1:16 sahar to tilapia ratio gave the best overall performance. The on-farm experiment was composed of three treatments with three replicates each: tilapia monoculture (T1), 1:33 sahar to tilapia ratio (T2), and 1:16 sahar to tilapia ratio (T3). Ponds were fertilized every two weeks with DAP and urea at the same rate as on-station experiment, but there was no feeding. On-farm results showed significantly higher tilapia growth with a 1:33 stocking ratio of sahar to tilapia compared to tilapia monoculture. As with the on-station experiment, the number of recruits decreased with increasing stocking density of sahar. Lower sahar stocking provided higher growth and production of stocked tilapia, though there were fewer recruits at these levels. There might have some growth depression of tilapia at higher sahar stocking densities. Stocking sahar to Nile tilapia at 1:33 showed better overall performance than monoculture but not the 1:16 treatment in terms of
Nile tilapia growth, production, growth of sahar and gross income. This abstract was excerpted from the original paper, which was published in Aquaculture (2011) 319: 284289. THE DANGERS OF MICROCYSTINS IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS AND PROGRESS OF RESEARCH INTO THEIR DETECTION AND ELIMINATION (11-275) Liping Liu1, Kang Li1, Yaling Yue1, Jun Yan1, Yi Yang1, and James S. Diana2 Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201036, China 1
School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041, USA 2
Microcystins (MC) are secondary metabolites of toxic cyanobacteria. The algae and metabolites often combine to cause strong discoloration of the water, accumulation at the surface in discrete scums and sometimes emit a strong odor (Figure 1, Figure 2A, Cai et al. 1997, Liang et al. 2001, Zurawell et al. 2005). MC belong to a family of extremely toxic compounds and are a health hazard to aquatic animals and even humans (Ding et al. 1998, 1999, Falconer 1991, Hernandez et al., 2000, Lawton et al. 1994). Researchers have identified blooms of cyanobacteria from eutrophic freshwater bodies in many parts of the world, and their occurrence can create a major water quality problem. For example, massive fish kills occasionally have been related to severe cyanobacterial blooms. Chromic damages, such as development of liver tumors may arise from long-term exposure to low concentrations of MC (Chen et al. 2006, Ding et al. 1998, 1999, Ibelings and Chorus 2007, Lankoff et al. 2004, Li et al. 2007, Shen et al. 2003, Smith and Haney 2006, Zimba et al. 2006). This abstract was excerpted from the original paper, which was published in World Aquaculture (2011), 42(2): 53-57, 69
PARTING SHOT Estero Aserradores, Nicaragua, is a site where two AquaFish CRSP investigations took place in collaboration with the University of Hawaiâ€™i at Hilo. The work involves developing strategies for co-management and bivalve sanitation for black cockles. Specifically targeting women, who comprise approximately 80% of the stakeholders, the AquaFish CRSP team has involved over 90 participants in their workshops. Photo By Nelvia Hernandez
AquaFish CRSP Oregon State University 418 Snell Hall Corvallis OR 97331-1643 USA
AquaFish CRSP Contact Information AquaFish CRSP and Aquaculture CRSP publications can be accessed online at aquafishcrsp. oregonstate.edu/publications.php Aquanews is available on-line at http://aquafishcrsp. oregonstate.edu/aquanews.php. Past issues may also be accessed online at aquafishcrsp. oregonstate.edu/AquaNewsArchives.php Your comments, stories, student profiles, and photos are always welcome! Send information to aquafish@ oregonstate.edu (please include “Aquanews” in the subject line).
Program Director: Dr. Hillary S. Egna Aquanews Editor: Stephanie Ichien Aquanews is published by AquaFish CRSP, Oregon State University, 418 Snell Hall, Corvallis OR 97331-1643, USA. email@example.com The contents of this newsletter are copyright of the AquaFish CRSP © 2011. All rights reserved, including mechanical and electronic reproduction. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use on the part of USAID or the AquaFish CRSP. The AquaFish Collaborative Research Support Program activities are funded by Grant No. EPP-A-00-06-00012-00 from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and by participating US and Host Country institutions. Oregon State University is an Affirmative Action/ Equal Opportunity Employer.


text:
While talk of cannabis legalization increased in during the 2020 election and into President Biden’s first year in office, perhaps the most important move toward legalization at the federal level came from unexpected quarters.
On November 15, a Republican member of the House Nancy Mace introduced a bill that would end the federal prohibition on cannabis.
The legislation would focus on the inclusion of cannabis in the Controlled Substances Act. The move would remove the Schedule I designation and allow states to treat cannabis and cannabis products like alcohol. That includes a federal age limit of 21 years old, though states may be allowed to add exceptions to that age limit based on medical need.
Cannabis and Interstate Commerce
Most importantly, the bill would shift away from state-based commerce laws. There are 36 states that allow recreational and medical marijuana, but few of those states have identical laws and requirements. Mace’s bill would allow interstate commerce, as well as improve access for cannabis producers and distributors to access financial services.
GOP Cannabis Bill Similar to Democrat Plan
The GOP effort meets many of the same talking points as the Sen. Schumer-sponsored bill from the spring of 2021. Both remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act’s list and allow for both banking access and interstate commerce. Schumer’s plan included a 10% excise tax, which would increase to 25% five years after the bill becomes law. Mace’s plan proposes a 3% tax, with no increase for the first 10 years.
Related Content: Energy Consumption Tips for Cannabis Facilities
Mace Cannabis Bill Sees Industry Support
While the bill lacks many of the social justice efforts included in Schumer’s draft, most notably fewer allowances for drug arrest record expungement, the cannabis industry largely supports the proposed bill. The lower tax rate, more lenient sentencing, and financial considerations all indicate an understanding of the challenges facing the cannabis space.
Cannabis Legalization: What’s Missing
Of course, Mace’s bill makes no mention of sustainability or energy-based requirements on cannabis production. Despite well-documented and skyrocketing energy use by the cannabis industry, Mace’s bill offers little direction in ensuring the industry grows responsibly. We would like to see grants and rebate programs funding by the federal government to reward cannabis facilities that invest in growing more efficiently and more responsibly.
Let’s Grow Together
At Keen Technical Solutions, we’re working with cannabis facilities to keep the cannabis industry green. From LED lights to advanced environmental control systems, we bring more than a decade of energy efficiency expertise to the marijuana business. Contact Keen Technical Solutions today to get started.

domain: law


Red Flag Warnings Expired
The National Weather Service has expired the Red Flag Warnings issued for the Mother Lode from 1000 through 3000 feet, and the Stanislaus National Forest through early Sunday morning.
A Red Flag Warning meant that critical fire weather conditions were either occuring or would shortly. A combination of strong winds, low relative humidity and warm temperatures created explosive fire growth potential.
Anticipated lightning strikes with dry fuels and little precipitation had raised the concern for the significant fire danger.
Additionally, winds gusts from twenty-five to thirty-five mph were expected with downdrafts up to fifty mph in the vicinity of thunderstorms.


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Our October to December specials are now live! Stay four, pay three or 40% off bungalows...
It's time to get away and experience an iconic Cable Beach sunset...that is worth the wait.
For a limited time, you can enjoy 40% off bungalows when you book from October to December.
Perfect for the family and larger groups, Bungalows are your home away from home, complete with open-plan living, a lounge, and kitchen for self-catering.
Book online below or email email@example.com
Subject to availability, new bookings only, direct bookings only. Applicable for travel between 15 October to 23 December 2020. Offer valid until 11:59pm WST 31 July 2020.
Best price guaranteed. Book on cablebeachclub.com for the lowest price. If you find a better price, we'll match it*.
Relax and reconnect at the only Resort on Cable Beach. Our October to December special offers are now LIVE!

domain: travel


text: BARBARA PARK is best known as the author of the New York Times bestselling Junie B. Jones series. Jones is a fictional character in a television series. She has been featured in The New York Times, USA Today, and Time magazine, and has won over 40 children's book prizes. I've never been sure whether Junie B.'s followers adore her in spite of her flaws, Barbara admits, twenty years after the world's funniest kindergartener made her debut.

domain: library


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Gates » Toys & Games » Jigsaw Puzzles » Harry Potter Diagon Alley Gringotts Bank 3D Jigsaw Puzzle
An intricately detailed 3D puzzle of Diagon Alley’s famous financial establishment, Gringotts Bank.
Availability: In stock
Order by 2pm for next working day delivery Free delivery over £50 *
Shop with confidence at Gates
EAN: 5012822076151 | MPN: 7615
For all fans of the magical wizarding world, Harry Potter, this intricately detailed 3D puzzle of Diagon Alley’s famous financial establishment, Gringotts Bank makes the perfect gift! Create your very own fun and magic as your assemble your own impressive 3D model of the famous Gringotts Bank featuring the monsterous Ukrainian Ironbelly Dragon, in the comfort of your own home and travel back to exciting scenes from the Harry Potter saga.
Perfect for any Potter fan 8 years and over, this superbly detailed 74-piece 3D puzzle can be assembled with no need for tools or scissors, just pop out the pieces and connect using tabs and holes and follow the easy-to-use instruction. The colourful Weasley Wizard Wheezes model measures 14.5 x 15 x 21cm when complete making it a perfect keepsake gift for any Harry Potter fan!
Create the complete wizarding world with other 3D puzzles in the series including The Hogwarts Castle, The Hogwarts Express Set, Quality Quidditch Supplies, Olivanders Wand Shop and Weasleys’ Wizard Wheezes.
Copyright © 2023 Gates Garden Centre, Leicestershire
Late night opening December: Mon to Sat 8am – 7.30pm | Sun 9am – 5pm Dismiss

domain: entertainment


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What's happening at The Chequers Inn
Afternoon Tea at The Chequers Inn
Our traditional afternoon tea features a selection of finger sandwiches, warm scones with clotted cream and jam, and a plate of miniature desserts, served on a three-tiered platter. We have a wide selection of teas available, and also offer a Champagne Afternoon Tea Service.
Mother's Day at The Chequers Inn
Celebrate Mother’s Day on March 22nd 2020
Join us at The Chequers Inn at Wooburn Common this Mothers Day, and treat your Mum to a delicious meal in our restaurant.

domain: food


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By Ibarra C. Mateo
The sudden telephone call sent key persons in the Philippine culture and the arts sector scrambling.
However unexpected, the telephone call wiped out the widespread dismay shrouding the local culture and arts community for months. From a mood of resignation, there was instant rejoicing. SMS and messengers messages were furiously exchanged, lifting the spirit of thousands of Filipinos, initially, and then of the entire country.
They had been waiting for the presidential announcement since June 11, 2018. The award is traditionally given on the eve of the Philippine Independence Day, June 12.
When the Malacañang Presidential Palace released to reporters on October 23, 2018 the official list of the 2018 Order of the National Artist, many were sincerely thankful for the belated announcement.
The 2018 National Artists were: Larry Alcala (visual arts), Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio (theater), Ryan Cayabyab (music), Francisco Mañosa (architecture), Resil Mojares (literature), Ramon Muzones (literature), and Kidlat Tahimik (film).
The surprised telephone call relayed the urgent message that President Rodrigo Duterte was ready to confer the Order of National Artist, the first batch under his administration, on October 24, 2018 at the Malacañang Presidential Palace.
The Philippine president confers the Order of National Artist after a three-year deliberation process and recommendation by a joint panel of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP).
Order of National Artists
‘The Order of National Artists (Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts, namely: music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast arts, and architecture and allied arts,” according to a description of the order.
The NCCA and the CCP jointly administer the order, and the president can only confer the award upon the unanimous recommendation by the two cultural institutions.
Among others, a national artist is given a grand collar symbolizing their membership to the order.
The University of the Philippines said the order is similar “to the US National Medal for the Arts and the Order of Culture of Japan” and “the recipients embody the highest ideals of humanities and aesthetics and ideal expression of Filipinos as exemplified by their outstanding works and contributions.”
If the prescribed set of protocols were followed, the president confers the award at the Malacañang Presidential Palace in the morning. A tribute to the new national artists follows in the evening of the same date of the presidential conferment and is held at the CCP.
Although almost seven months delayed, the tribute called “Parangal para sa Mga Bagong Alagad Ng Sining” was performed at the CCP Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo on May 16, 2019.
CCP Chair Margie Moran-Floirendo and NCCA Chair and National Artist Virgilio Almario led the tribute.
“Tonight, we are honoring seven distinct individuals whose artistic accomplishments have promoted creative expression and helped develop a national cultural identity,” Moran-Floirendo said in her speech.
“Through their distinguished body of works that consistently displayed artistic excellence, they have forged new paths and directions for the future generations of artists while, at the same time, preserve, and enhance our rich heritage,” she said.
“On behalf of the Filipino people, I would like to say thank you,” Moran-Floirendo said. “Thank you for sharing your wonderful works not just to the Filipino people, but also to the world. You created something with a piece of your artistic soul and share it unselfishly.”
Following is the homage that the CCP chair paid to each new national artist.
“With National Artist Kidlat Tahimik, the films and the filmmaker are one. He has epitomized the possibilities of alternative modes of filmmaking and the artisanal form of production.
“In his films, he has exhibited intense independence as an artist. He has continually invented himself through his cinema. His inimitable singularity has become the model of independent art practice for Filipino and foreign filmmakers.
“Thank you for showing us that the Philippine arts can go global, exploring the opportunities for urbanized Filipino.
“National Artist Ryan Cayabyab has produced world-class music productions that are genuinely Filipino, albeit within the context of the transnational. He is open to foreign influences but transforms these into expressions that capture the very essence of the Filipino soul.
“The mainstream OPM songs he had composed never sound foreign. His compositions reflect a perspective of music that extols the exuberance of life and human happiness.
“The CCP resident dance company Ballet Company has enjoyed working with Maestro Ryan in La Revolucion Filipina, which was originally staged in the 90s for the Philippine Revolution celebration and re-staged for the fourth time as part of BP’s 45th ballet season.
”Maestro Ryan has also shared his genius to one of BP’s most memorable productions – Rama Hari. The poetic libretto by National Artist Bienvenido Lumbera came alive with Maestro’s music.
”Thank you for reminding everyone that there are endless possibilities and opportunities in the field of arts, for telling the people that there is more to arts than meets the eye, that art is more than just a hobby. It is a passion. It is a way of life.
“National Artist Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio has drawn upon the untapped wealth of Philippine and Asian folklore, experimenting with various forms and techniques of Asian theater arts and puppetry. She enriched our own cultural heritage in drama, creating an indigenous fusion of puppetry, children’s literature, folklore and theater.
“Her achievements ushered in a renaissance of writing for children and young adults, and reanimated the world of theater and literature for children. The title “Grand Dame of Children’s Theater in Southeast Asia” is truly befitting her.
“Thank you for creating dialogues through your art forms, opening up discourses and conversations on issues that matter to the community. We see the world from a different point of view through your works. They make us think. They provoke us. They make us feel. They push us to grow.
“National Artist Larry Alcala’s comic strips spiced up the slices of Filipino lives with witty illustrations executed throughout his 56 years of cartooning. He believed that “cartoon is meant to entertain, record events and capture local color. It can humorously expose society’s ills and serve as a mirror in which people can see themselves. It can also project the best in a people and a country.”
“He helped “keep alive the Filipino’s ability to laugh at himself, through the lively marriage of art and humour and through the commentaries that are at once critical and compassionate, evoking laughter and reflection.”
“Thank you for developing a legacy which is essential to our Filipino national identity, as exemplified by National Artist Francisco Mañosa who championed that Philippine architecture must be true to itself, its land and its people with so much conviction.
“Through his efforts, he created original Filipino forms, spaces with intricate and refined details, and developed the use of indigenous materials applied on architectural finishes, furniture and furnishings; like how he used bamboo and experimented on laminated crushed bamboo for the walls of Pearl Farm Beach Resort which he designed to resemble the salakot.
“The Coconut Palace, one of his iconic designs that highlights the numerous uses of the coconut, has been one of the main attractions at the CCP Complex.
“Thank you for championing the regional arts, as what National Artist Resil B. Mojares and Ramon Muzones have been advocating.
“National Artist Resil Mojares has been acknowledged as a leading figure in the promotion of regional literature and history, developing Cebuano studies as “an integral fiber in the national discourse.”
“In the process, he has produced works distinguished for the quality of its writing, range and versatility, depth of research, theoretical sophistication, and groundbreaking approach to varied, often neglected aspects of Philippine studies.
“With a literary career that spanned over 50 years, National Artist Ramon Muzones was a testament to the whole history of the Hiligaynon novel, from its rise in the 1940s to its decline in the 1970s.
“As he extended the remarkable versatility and inventiveness the scope and style of the Hiligaynon novel, he enriched Hiligaynon literature through his strong heroines and flawed heroes, anticipated trends like feminism while chronicling important socioeconomic and political changes in Iloilo City and allegorically of the emerging national condition.
“To all the National Artists, thank you for being pillars of Philippine arts and culture.
“Tonight’s Parangal to the newly conferred National Artists is most appropriate at this time, as the CCP celebrates 50 years of promoting and preserving the Filipino arts and culture this year.
“We, at the CCP, do our best to ensure that the gifts of arts bestowed by the National Artists do not go to waste. We endeavor to recognize the continuing relevance of their works. We hope to showcase their legacy and bring the fruits of their rich imagination and artistry to the Filipino people, and to the world.
“Tonight, let us celebrate the best of the Philippine arts and culture.
“Mabuhay ang mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining.”

domain: artistic


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couple therapists I simply chose I think it’s simply an alternative in the app where you can try to find Can Better Help Diagnose Bipolar
a different therapist you can read their BIOS and determine more about them and choose which one you wish to deal with so I believe part of why I wasn’t actually that impressed to begin with with those first therapists was that they were at first offering me type of canned reactions which didn’t truly sit well when I was opening as much as them about individual things that I required assist with and they were simply type of providing me a canned response that I it was type of apparent that they simply sent to everyone so this is another thing that I would really motivate you to simply type of push past I think they deal with a lot of individuals therefore the canned response is kind of an easy method for them to kind of collect more details quickly from you so if you can press past this and if you can sort of shot to communicate with them more it will end up being more personal and more more embellished so the method I communicated with my therapist through better aid was initially by a text where we simply sort of been familiar with each other a bit more and simply send some info backward and forward about each other and then we had a voice call where I had an hour-long session with her and we simply type of chatted about what it was that I felt I required help with she got more background details about me we just kind of got more comfortable with each other by voice call and then simply this previous week I had my very first video chat with her and it was really actually great I was truly amazed I initially I was a little leery about if I would have the ability to form enough of a rapport with someone just through video and without that personally interaction however it actually came rather easily and I feel like it was really really useful okay so now I want to enter a few of the benefits and disadvantages of better aid that I found so starting with the advantages I believe it’s a.
Anyway, as it occurs, I am a little modified in the head– so well played, Facebook algorithms. From the age of about 13 onwards, I have actually experienced higher-than-seems-normal levels of anxiety, and while I have actually mostly pertained to terms with being tense and a bit doomy, I definitely would not mind being less so. I have actually had counselling before, and it does assist. However could e-counselling not just re-hinge my mind, however do so without me needing to put trousers on and leave the house?
And drawing back from my own (fairly low-key) issues for a moment, could e-counselling be the answer to the mental health concerns escalating amongst under-30s? With cuts to psychological health services truly beginning to bite, digitised therapy could be simply the ticket for young adults who already filter almost every aspect of their lives– good friends, work, sex, entertainment– through a screen.
Not everybody is entirely encouraged that shifting mental healthcare online is the way forward. “For me, what operate in therapy is when you fulfill someone in person, in the exact same room,” states London-based psychotherapist Sandra Tapie. “You get to know not just what it resembles to talk with the person, but how it feels to be in a space with them. Using Skype is the next best thing: it’s ‘sufficient’, but it does not develop the nearness, the intimacy, that actually gets individuals to open and check out things.”.
” I’ve performed some research study into Skype counselling,” says London-based psychotherapist Dr Aaron Balick, “and it’s not the ‘functional equivalent’ of traditional counselling; it’s simply not quite the very same thing. It’s really crucial that people who engage in it understand that it’s a various experience from remaining in the space with someone, speaking face-to-face.” Can Better Help Diagnose Bipolar

domain: psychology


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Neymar is coming soon to a billboard near you, especially if you live in Asia. In today’s Sports Talk column, I look at how Barcelona’s new signing will try to conquer the China market, following in the footsteps of the God of Branding, David Beckham.
Social media in China has exploded in recent years, making it much easier and faster for a celebrity to build a Chinese fanbase and interact with that audience. On field performances, while still important, will no longer make or break a player’s endorsement potential, because there are now so many more ways to market yourself. Here’s the piece:
On Monday, Barcelona will host a visit from their soon-to-be newest player, the 21-year-old Brazilian soccer star Neymar, who is expected to sign once the transfer window opens in July. It’s a complex deal, but the figures involved are eyewatering even by today’s standards: Neymar reportedly will receive about $40 million upfront, plus an annual salary of more than $9 million.
But while Neymar – the two-time South American Footballer of the Year – and Lionel Messi – the four-time FIFA World Player of the Year – will now be teammates on the field, they will also be commercial rivals off it.
Just days after the Barcelona deal was announced, it was revealed that Neymar had signed with Doyen Global, a sports investment group headed up by David Beckham’s publicist, Simon Oliveira. The partnership’s primary focus, Oliveira said, will be on building Neymar’s profile in Asia.
Neymar is fast becoming one of the most well-known players on the planet, and his move to Spain will certainly speed up that process, but in China, Neymar is not currently as popular as the likes of Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo.
China-based branding and marketing consultant Hwa Wu, who has previously worked with global stars including Beckham, says in order to transcend both cultures and industries, the most important thing is for Neymar to build a personal brand that has universal appeal. Oliveira knows a thing or two about this, of course, since Beckham, who remains his client, is the world’s best example of attracting both those who do and do not like soccer.
Neymar already has 10 sponsors, including Nike, Volkswagen, Unilever and Red Bull, but Wu cautions that he must find his own voice in the China market, rather than be a compilation of corporate identities. The most lucrative partners, she adds, will not necessarily be the best in the long run.
Neymar looks to have the world at his feet right now: He’s young, he’s attractive and he’s very, very good. Beckham never quite got to the very top of the sport, but Neymar has the potential to be the world’s best player. With Brazil hosting next year’s World Cup and the Olympic Games in Rio two years later, Neymar’s face is all but guaranteed to be front and center in the world’s media for years to come. If the stars align, Neymar could not only eclipse Beckham’s playing achievements but emulate his off-field fame as well.
Wu, who worked with Beckham on his Saky toothpaste deal, also told me that Neymar should try to compile a mix of sports brands, consumer goods companies and lifestyle properties in his endorsement portfolio, but, as with Saky, it’s important to engage well-known Chinese brands, rather than stick purely to established international names. Moutai or Shuanghui perhaps?

domain: news