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The world is filled with children, dressed in adult skin and suits. We think we are all grown up, bright, make important decisions, and even marry and re-produce, but we could be doing all of these, while our consciousness is still at the level of a child.
What do I mean by consciousness? It means one's psychology and state of awareness, to put it in modern terms, it simply means one's OS (operating system). Most people are unaware that their OS is still immature because when such an OS is acceptable and viewed as okay in society, and on our entertainment screens, books etc, we think this is normal.
It may be expected, but it is really not normal, or healthy by any means. As a species, we do have a long way to go in terms of developing our consciousness. It is not about being book smart, it is about how we think, and see the world (which determines our worldview), and what we do when we are faced with challenges. It is also about how we respond emotionally to people, and whether we know how to create boundaries with others.
Always remember this: just because most people do the same thing, feel the same way, think the same way, or operate the same way, doesn't make it right or healthy OR EVEN SANE.
How do people get stuck in their consciousness? When a person is growing up and experiences a perceived lack of love (now recognise that this is a perception and not necessarily the truth) for example, one's parents are busy making a living, and the child feels neglected, This, in reality, is not the lack of love from parents, but the parents are simply operating like hamsters on the wheel trying to make ends meet. If the parents in this situation, do not carve out quality time (not quantity) to sit and listen to the child and hold space for the child so that the child feels safe and loved, then the child can perceive this as a lack of love.
Even worse, when the parents are going through their own struggles in life, and sometimes even trauma, and they are not able to hold space for themselves, let alone their children, this can have a rippling impact on their children.
What can parents do? Get the help of close relatives, friends or counsellors/therapists to form a "village" to input love towards the child/children.
If you think back on the time in your life, most probably during your childhood when you received the least amount of love, you are probably stuck there in your consciousness, unless you have done years of work on your consciousness.
What does being stuck in child consciousness look like:
When you become an adult, it is your responsibility to "parent" and to hold space for the part of you that was left behind. Only then, will you become whole and full as a human being, and only then can you truly experience the lightness of being, joy and a heart full of love.
Remember this: when you get there, not many will be able to see you, for who you are, because they are still wrapped up in their own level of stuckness.
But it is okay, because you will have YOU, and it is one of the most powerful states to be in, to NEED no one, but you choose to SHARE your time and energy with others. Do not let anyone take this for granted.
©2022 Shamala Tan
Need help learning how to parent yourself? Book your free 15-minute consult to see how we can disrupt the patterns of your trauma and/or lower self; for you to thrive emotionally, mentally, spiritually or financially (shadow & light work) CLICK Here
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Shamala Tan is an author, spiritual entrepreneur and healer. Her work focuses on transforming the lives of others on the spiritual, emotional, mental and earthly levels.
Shamala’s clients include small business owners, holistic practitioners as well as those seeking to find more significant meaning and value in life. Shamala offers laser coaching to her clients on a one-to-one basis or in a group environment, offline as well as online.

domain: psychology


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Saturday, November 17, 2001
Did some tracking for the Kompressor CD. Using Cubase VST and Reason software is an extremely fast way to work for me. I've never had this kind of flexibility with my musical tools before. I can't say enough about the Reason software. For years I relied on my trusty Roland S-550 sampler and Atari Mega ST4 computer. I would sample little bits of sound and layer the part together using the Atari as my main sequencer. The biggest limitation in that set-up was the limited sampling time (28.8 seconds total!) and the samplers low-fi sampling rate (30khz). Still it was state of the art back in 1988 and I made more than 6 albums worth of music with it. People used to come over to my home studio and couldn't believe that I actually still made albums with my archaic gear. My upgrade was a long time coming. The other thing computer based systems do, is simplify your mixer and outboard gear connections. I used to have to patch and re patch my way through all my recording sessions. Then struggle with mixer and sub-mixer settings. When it's all in your computer you can reconfigure your entire "virtual" patch bay in seconds and save it as part of the songs file. Anyway the skinny of this new way of working is increased output. That's what we all crave anyway...isn't it. INCREASED OUTPUT. I output mine, you output yours. Everybody's happy.

domain: artistic


text:
The appointment had been expected (Advertising Age, March 5). For Mr. Muris, 51, a law professor at George Mason University, it would be a third return to the FTC. He was a lawyer in the FTC's Bureau of Policy Planning in 1975 and 1976, and returned to head successively the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection (which handles advertising) and then the Bureau of Competition (which handles antitrust) in the early 1980s under the Reagan administration.
Mr. Muris also served in the Office of Management and Budget during the administration of President Bush's father and was an economics adviser to the Bush camp during the recent presidential campaign. -- Ira Teinowitz
Copyright March 2001, Crain Communications Inc.

domain: law


Andrew Hill - Mosaic Select 16 (CD02 and CD03 of 3) (2005)
EAC rip | Separate FLAC files, cue, log | 414 MB + 368 MB | HQ scans | RS.com
jazz, hard bop, avant-garde jazz | Mosaic Records
All but six of the 31 tracks on this 3-CD boxed set from Mosaic have never been issued before. Recorded between 1967 and 1970, the mainstream jazz on Andrew Hill's Mosaic Select 16 represents the last remaining unissued sessions from his Blue Note years. All the compositions are Hill's.


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The Mechanism of HIV-1 Latency and Therapeutic Implication
1Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
2Sinoe Medical Association, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
3Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla
Received: February 20, 2019 Accepted: February 22, 2019 Published: February 28, 2019
Citation: Sanyaolu A, Hammoudi D, Badaru O, Adekanye I, Akinwekomi A, Shyshkova K. The Mechanism of HIV-1 Latency and Therapeutic Implication. Madridge J Immunol. 2019; 3(1): 78-83. doi: 10.18689/mjim-1000118
Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The latency of resting HIV-1 in CD4+ T cells is the obstacle to complete destruction of the virus in patients that have been given highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This latency occurs early during acute infection but remains silent in the host cells; however it is still capable of making infectious proviruses if antiviral therapy is stopped. The goal of HAART therapy is to reduce the replication levels of HIV-1 to undetectable levels in serum of infected individuals. HIV-1 therapy involves the use of multiple drugs because of the ability of the virus to easily acquire drug resistance to an inhibitor. Resistance develops due to the diversity of HIV-1 genome within several individuals. Gene therapy approaches have been shown to be somewhat safer but have not been proven yet in human models. The process of HIV-1 latency is multifactorial and involves several molecular pathways which are still being studied. This study reviews HIV-1 latency as well as its therapeutic implication.
Keywords: HIV-1; Latency; HAART; CD4+ T cells.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 causes symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, otherwise known as AIDS. Type 1 is the most common type of HIV infection; a great percentage of the world is mostly affected with this form of HIV. HIV-2 has a longer latent period between time of infection and effect as compared with HIV-1. Structurally, both types have similar enzymes but differ in their genes. HIV-2 is more common in West Africa . Immunologically, HIV involves the destruction of CD4+ lymphocytes, which are important for cell mediated immunity in healthy individuals. When these lymphocytes are destroyed, it reduces its number in the body thereby making individuals more susceptible to various opportunistic infections. Once the CD4+ count is less than 200 per microliter, individuals are likely to develop AIDS .
HIV can result in the impairment of several organs in the body and even worsen the survival of current diseases. One of the main problems in treating HIV is the latency period associated with it. Treatment is aimed at reducing the replication by using several drugs that could inhibit the HIV enzymes. Currently, over 30 non-identical anti-HIV drugs have been accepted for use in the clinical setting to target varying steps in the viral life cycle . The latency of resting HIV-1 in CD4+ T cells is the obstacle to complete destruction of the virus in patients that have been given highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This latency occurs early during acute infection but remains silent in the host cells; however it is still capable of making infectious proviruses if antiviral therapy is stopped [4,5].
HIV is a T-cell lympho-tropic retrovirus that belongs to the T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) group. The virus is composed of two positive-senses single-stranded RNA which are not linked covalently, with the viral gene encoded in each of these RNA copies. The genome consists of the following genes; gag, rev, pol, vpr, vpu, vif, tat, nef, and LTR. These genes are also in HIV-2 with the exception of the vpu gene. In HIV-2, the vpu gene is replaced with a unique vpx gene that encodes a 16-kDa protein [6,7]. Viral protein U (vpu) enhances the budding of the virus particle from the host cell, with a 10 to 20% increase in production. In addition, it enhances the destruction of CD4 proteins, thereby decreasing super infection and elongating the life of the host cell a little longer. Research has shown that “viral protein x” might have a relation to vpr which increases the production of HIV proteins, but this has not been fully proven. Moreover, the vpx gene has been seen to not have much effect in HIV-2 because without the gene the virus continues to function, replicate, and infect cells [8,9].
HIV-1 Life Cycle
The cycle starts with binding of the viral envelope protein to receptor target cells of CD4 and CCR5. This binding allows for fusion of the viral gp120 with the outer membrane of host cell; as a result, viral particles enter the cell. Next, reverse transcriptase forms one double-stranded viral DNA molecule; it does this by replicating the RNA sequence in the virus. The DNA of the virus becomes integrated in the nucleus of the host DNA, which is then referred to as a provirus. The provirus works as a base to form new viral RNA, after transcription, the new viral RNA exit the nucleus of cells that were infected. The new viral RNAs are translated into polypeptide chains that eventually become the proteins and enzymes of the new virus particles. Furthermore, the newly formed proteins, enzymes, etc. are assembled on the outer membrane to prepare for release. Lastly, the accumulated buds that were assembled are cut from the membrane, allowing the release of the virus particles. During the process of assembly, protease enzyme breaks the polypeptide chains into many positions with a purpose to make the viral particles more infectious. Once particles are mature and released, it is capable of infecting new host cells, thus repeating the cycle .
Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection
Highly active antiretroviral therapy aims to elongate survival and decrease mortality rates of individuals infected with the HIV virus. HAART consists of a combination of several medications that are used in patients depending on viral load and CD4+ cell count. The goal of this therapy is to reduce the replication levels of HIV-1 to levels that should not be detected in serum of infected individuals. There are six classes drugs that are used to target enzymes at different stage of HIV-1 life cycle; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), fusion inhibitors (FIs), chemokine receptor antagonists and integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) .
The first group of drug to be approved was NRTIs, and they form the backbone of HIV treatment because of the favorable pharmacokinetic profile. These drugs are nucleoside analogs, which include Zidovudine, Abacavir, Didanosine, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Tenofovir DF, Tenofovir AF, and Zalcitabine . The mechanism of action involves interruption of HIV replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase competitively; hence, terminating viral DNA chain. NNTRIs are as well integral part of initial treatment option in HIV-1 infection. They differ from NTRIs in that they do not require phosphorylation to become active, but have similar mechanism of action. Drugs in this category include nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviridine, etravirine, and rilpivirine . These drugs have activity against HIV-1.
PIs prevent cleavage of polypeptide precursors into functional subunits and inhibit the assembly of new viruses by competitively binding to HIV protease . Although the drugs in this category have similar mechanism of action, they differ slightly in efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Integrase inhibitors prevent the transport of proviral DNA and attachment to host chromosomes. Low frequency of side effects is observed with this group of drugs because humans do not have homologue for HIV integrase . Fusion inhibitors prevent the exposure of the gp41 terminal domain thus preventing insertion through the fusion peptide. Chemokine receptor antagonists bind to either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, thereby blocking viral entry .
HIV-1 treatment involves the use of multiple drugs because of the ability of the virus to easily acquire drug resistance to an inhibitor. Resistance is due to the diversity of HIV-1 genome within several individuals, this resistance results in an increased replication of the virus with nature of RT and recombination being error-prone. Though the continuous use of HAART has shown significant improvement in the treatment of HIV-1, the resistance of the virus to several drugs is still emerging; thus creating a major issue with treatment. Resistance of the virus does not only pertain to the use of multiple drugs, it can also be due to drug toxicity in relation to a poor adherence by the patient. Also, the transmission of new infections can lead to failure of multiple drugs .
Identifying resistance to drug involves the use of a 3-step process, nucleic acid analysis of HIV genome, determining mutations related to drug resistance and creating a drug resistant report . Though there is no cure for HIV yet, researchers are looking for ways to better understand the mechanisms of HIV-1 replication, thus being able to discover better therapeutic treatment.
Cellular Reservoirs/Nature of Cellular Reservoirs
As defined by Van Lint, Bouchat, & Marcello, a viral reservoir is an anatomical site or a cell type where the virus remains for a longer duration of time and is competent to replicate . Reservoirs for HIV are defined as the infected cell that house dormant virus or where replication occurs at low levels. According to Le Douce, Herbein, Rohr, & Schwartz, the major cellular reservoir found in natural host are memory CD4+ T cells, especially subsets of resting central memory T cells (TCM), and translational memory T cells (TTM) . Although the frequency of infection in naïve T cells is less compared to memory T cells, these cells have been demonstrated to house latent proviruses as well . Several studies on detailed analysis of residual viremia have shown that there are additional reservoirs. Tissue macrophages which are also major targets in patients infected with HIV-1 are possible reservoir for the virus because of the presence of both CD4 receptors and co-receptors CXCR4 or CCR5 on their surface . It is important to note that HIV-1 viruses in these cells are not completely silent, but replicate at a lower rate. In contrast to T-cells, macrophages extend the lifespan of the virus and make them more resistant to apoptosis. HIV-1 has no cytopathic effect on cells from the lineage of monocyte/macrophage; as a result, these cells can house the virus longer than T cells . Also, most of the organ systems of the body have macrophages, which make these cells capable of distributing the virus throughout the body. The major macrophages that have been known to harbor HIV-1 are the central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages, and dendritic cells .
Resident macrophages of CNS are meningeal macrophages, perivascular macrophages, microglia, and macrophages of choroid plexus; these cells serve as reservoir for HIV-1 virus. Microglial cells and perivascular macrophages are significantly important clinically because infection of these cells is associated with dementia seen in HIV-1 patients . The turnover rate of these two cells is low with perivascular macrophages having about 2-3 months turnover rate, and microglial cells several years; this makes them important CNS reservoirs for HIV-1. The bridge between innate and adaptive immune system is dendritic cell. All subtypes of this cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, langerhans cells, and myeloid cells, are prone to HIV-1 infection.
Another cell that has been speculated to contain latent provirus is hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). This conclusion was made from the observation that HIV-1 patients have hematopoietic abnormalities . Studies have shown that the virus infects multi potent HPCs, and latency is established in these cells.
The process of HIV-1 latency is multifactorial and involves several molecular pathways; although several studies are still being conducted to better understand the importance of each pathways involved . Latency is a reversible state of infection where production of viral nucleic acid is low, but infected cells still possess the ability to produce new viral particles. However, target cells must be activated in order for productive infection to occur .
During HIV-1 infection, there's integration of viral genetic material into host cells where they replicate. These infected cells often produce infectious proviral DNA until they are killed off by host immune system, majorly by T cells or the virus itself. Also, several replicative-defective proviruses are incorporated into the host genome as well [22,23]. This integration allows for the persistence of HIV-1 genome within infected hosts. The biological processes that drive the virus into latency and control repression of transcription are broadly classified into two based on chromosomal integration; pre-integration latency and postintegration latency [22,23].
The prerequisite for favorable HIV-1 pathogenesis is incorporation of viral DNA into host genome. Upon cellular entry, RNA of the virus is transcribed into DNA via reverse transcriptase. The DNA is assembled as pre-integration complex (PIC) which compose of dsDNA and proteins; Vpr, matrix, integrase and capsid . It is the PIC that is transported and incorporated into the nucleus of host cell where it is taken into host genome. Efficacy problems during the process of reverse transcription or problems with PIC nuclear transport can give rise to pre-integration latency. This form of latency is often seen in CD4+ T cells and controlled majorly by interactions with host restriction factors . However, this only contributes a small fraction to viral latency because T cells have very short half-lives of about a day .
This form of latency is also observed in cells from the lineage of monocyte/macrophage, and this has a major contribution to both the persistence and dissemination of HIV-1 in infected hosts. Vpr, which is an accessory HIV-1 protein is important for viral replication in these cells . Hence, the deletion of this protein result in up to 10 times decrease in viral transcription. Also, impaired nuclear transport of PIC resulting from low level of ATP pool, and low level of dNTP can contribute to inefficient transcription of the provirus.
As the name suggests, this form of latency occurs after the completion of integration into host genome. Several molecular mechanisms play important roles in silencing gene expression of the virus. According to Kumar et al. these mechanisms include transcription gene silencing (TGS), epigenetic gene silencing, and post-transcriptional gene silencing . The persistence and spread of HIV-1 is majorly a result of post-integration latency. Latency of this form has been described in both T-cells and cells of monocyte/ macrophage lineages. For CD4+ cells, post-integration latency is mostly controlled by chromatin environment of infected host . In most cases, latency is established when viral genome is integrated into repressive heterochromatin. Although integration into active euchromatin can also be responsible for establishment of viral latency especially when there is transcriptional interference .
HIV-1 Tat protein, a potent transactivator, has also been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of post-integration latency in infected cells. The lack of Tat transactivation results in the restriction of HIV-1 transcription . Activation of Tat involves recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor (pTEFb), which composes of proteins cyclin dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9) and cyclin T1 (CycT1). Expression of CycT1 is a limiting factor for pTEFb function; hence, low cellular level of this protein could result in lack of transactivation of Tat. In addition, phosphorylation of CDK9 is essential for its normal function in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages; hence, low levels of cellular ATP or conditions that prevent phosphorylation of the protein could also result in inadequate transactivation. Post-integration latency in monocyte/macrophage lineage could result from lack or loss of function of tat protein, the presence of transcriptional repressors, chromatin environment influence, lack of transcriptional activators, and mi RNA .
There are several cellular factors that influence the latency of HIV-1 in infected host. Cellular transcription factors, Tat, and miRNA have all been studied to contribute to this phenomenon . Proviral DNA of HIV-1 is enclosed by long terminal repeats (LTR) at both 5' and 3' ends. The 5'LTR acts as a transcriptional regulator because of the presence of binding sites for several transcription factors such as C-Myc, NF-kβ, USF, AP1, COUP, TCF-1α, SP1 [19,24]. These factors act together to control the transcription of HIV-1 provirus. SP1, for example, recruits C-Myc to the 5'LTR. This association result in further recruitment of histone deacetylation 1 (HDAC1), which prompts remodeling of chromatin responsible for suppression of viral gene expression. Other factors that recruit HDACs to the promoter region of the provirus, hence causing latency include COUP-TF interacting protein 2 (CTIP2), LSF, C-promoter binding factor-1 (CBF-1), and YY1 [19,24].
Reactivation of Latent HIV-1 Proviruses
Initiation of transcription
There is a wide range of factors that can induce the activation of proviruses ranging from cytokines, TNF-α, and mitogens among others. These factors activate T-cell and cause an effect in the gene expression of both host cell and virus via signaling pathways. This signaling results in the activation of cellular transcription factors, and ultimately leads to HIV-1 transcription . Several DNA binding domains are present in the viral LTR which allows for interaction of various factors. Of these factors, the important ones required for HIV-1 replication are SP1 and NF-kB.
Depending on the member of Rel family that is bound to NF-kB, it can serve as both transcriptional activator and repressor . Binding of NF-kB p50 homodimer to HIV LTR promote recruitment of repressors which inhibits transcription of provirus. Activation of T cells results in displacement of p50 homodimer by p50-RelA heterodimer which result in histone acetylation; hence promoting transcriptional initiation. Studies have shown that low levels of p50-RelA heterodimers cause a reduced level of HIV-1 transcription. A member of the Rel family, c-Rel serves as a competitive inhibitor of RelA binding site on the LTR; hence, inhibits activation of HIV transcription .
HIV-1 gene expression can also be activated by induction of AP-1 and NFAT by ligation of T-cell receptor. NFAT has been shown to be an important factor in the reactivation of latency especially in memory T cells, and function via IL-7 dependent pathway . HIV transcription is also influenced by non-inducible transcription factors; LEF/TCF1-a, USFA and Ets promote expression of HIV-1 provirus, while HIV-1 transcription is repressed by the binding of YY1 factor .
Stimulation of RNA polymerase II elongation
Upon initiation of transcription, several cellular proteins are required to promote efficient expression of HIV-1 transcript. HIV-1 transactivating protein Tat plays a major role to ensure effective elongation by Pol II. Tat binds to the 5' region of the RNA transcript and induces the recruitment of various cellular factors that promote efficiency of Pol II. Transcriptional activity of Tat depends on its interaction with P-TEFb (a cellular kinase comprised of CDK9 and CyclinT1 heterodimers). Binding of this protein to RNA Pol II phosphorylates it and results in effective elongation process. Fully spliced viral transcripts are exported out host nucleus once transcription is complete. For Tor effective export, viral protein Rev is required [26,27].
Pharmacological Approach to Eradicate Latency
Most approaches to HIV-1 infections involves the use of HAART to halt the replication of the virus thereby reducing its clinical appearance, however, the problem with HAART is its inability to target the latency within the genome of the virus. This specific issue is the basis of therapeutic and pharmacological approaches. Where ARTs fail to penetrate sections, such as the CNS and gut-associated lymphoid tissues, pharmacological approaches might succeed. Most current pharmacological strategies involve the reactivation of HIV expression within reservoir cells enabling vulnerability to eliminate host immune response and viral cytopathic effects .
The use of HDAC inhibitors (HDAC is) have been shown to serve as an advantage in the pharmacology of HIV-1 latency. Because HDACis have been used for several years for other medical issues including cancer, HDACis are being improved for better use in HIV patients. This is mainly due to its lipophilic nature thus having the ability to target certain sections of the body like the CNS. Moreover, the use of VPA, valproic acid in combination with ART was shown to decline reservoir of HIV infected patients in 3 out of 4 patients. Without combining ART, the efficiency of elimination of the reservoirs was not as effective. Prostratin has also been shown to be effective in activating the expression of HIV virus from latent infected cells. Combining HDACi with prostratin has been shown to work hand in hand by down regulating the expression of HIV receptors thus being able to prevent the infection.
The use of 5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (HN), has been shown to induce latent infection without activating T cell. Though studies have shown that this compound might not be effective for clinical studies, researchers have proven that compounds that activate NF-κB but do not activate T cells will have a better chance at eliminating the reservoirs of the infection .
Other techniques aimed at reversing the latent state include the use of chromatin reshaping components such as T cell activators and differentiating agents, and acetylation and methylation inhibitors. . Recently, the use of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid SAHA that is an HDAC inhibitor has been approved for use in clinical studies. Its market name vorinostat is used to treat cutaneous leukemia and has also shown to activate latent infected cells of HIV-1. The drug has been shown to disrupt latent infection within the reservoir of the resting CD4 positive cells. It aims at acetylating histone 3 and transcribing HIV RNA in these resting cells .
Another therapeutic approach involves immune based therapies that aim at reactivation of compounds to improve the removal of latent infected cells that have become reactivated with an effort to enhance response to immunity. Recently, the use of cytokines with interleukins 2, 7, and 15 in combination with ART is being tested to reverse the negative regulators of immune activation. However, some of the tests have been shown to yield adverse side effects . Furthermore, gene therapy approaches have been shown to be somewhat safer but have not been proven in human models yet . There is continuous ongoing research aimed solely to eradicate the reservoirs of the virus but so far clinical trials and models haven't been 100% successful.
Currently, the treatment of HIV-1 infection involves the use of HAART, but this method does not completely eradicate the virus from infected individuals. Recent studies have identified the long-lived reservoirs of HIV-1 which contribute to the persistence of the virus in patients, despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy. As a result of the presence of latency, there has been long-term toxicity observed in patients on HAART. It is increasingly clear now that HIV-1 latency is regulated by both viral and cellular factors. It is essential to determine the various factors that reinforce or antagonize latency, such as the role of chromatin in viral latency, and the cellular natures of viral reservoirs as well as agents that are capable of effectively activating virus from latent reservoirs. Hence, before complete viral eradication can be achieved, these reservoirs must be eliminated through therapeutic approach.
A major goal in the field of HIV research is to identify a safe and effective cure for the millions of people living with HIV around the world. A cost-effective strategy for limiting the spread of the virus and eliminating lifelong therapy can be achieved when infected individuals can be permanently cured. It is only through deeper knowledge that would make it possible to discover effective combination therapies that could completely eradicate latent reservoirs in infected patients; hence, leading to complete cure for HIV-1 infected patients.
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- Kauder SE, Bosque A, Lindqvist A, Planelles V, Verdin E. Epigenetic Regulation of HIV-1 Latency by Cytosine Methylation. PLoS Pathog. 2009; 5(6): e1000495. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000495
- Tyagi M, Pearson RJ, Karn J. Establishment of HIV Latency in Primary CD4 cells is due to Epigenetic Transcriptional Silencing and P-TEFb Restriction. J Virol. 2010; 84(13): 6425-6437. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01519-09
- Choudhary SK, Margolis DM. Curing HIV: Pharmacologic approaches to target HIV-1 latency. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011; 51: 397-418. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100237
- Battistini A, Sgarbanti M. HIV-1 Latency: An Update of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Viruses. 2014; 6(4): 1715-1758. doi: 10.3390/v6041715

domain: medical


text: First, they must really love me to come for a photo shoot after a college football game that B (the Dad) was coaching at. Second, you know you have a good hubby when he agrees to this. I was thankful Georgetown won that day. I know a win makes for a much happier home...or photo session. Apparently the boys were tired? I really could not tell. I can't imagine how much fun they are when they are 100% on! Needless to say, it was another fun session.

domain: sports


text:
Same pattern, different tune
Pattern: My bastardized version of the Basic Cable Hat from SnB Nation
Yarn: Patons Classic Merino - ivory
Needles: Sz US8 Clover Bamboo DPNs
Time: Sometime last weekend, finished Saturday night
Mods: Well, I really changed this up. I've knit it four times now, each different. The first attempt was a *bit* too small. For the second attempt I added two cabled sections and one more pattern repeat. It worked out OK, but was a bit too big. The third one I removed one of the cabled sections and added six more rows of ribbing and one pattern repeat. Still a bit too big. So, for this one I went with the same number of cabled sections, but kept the other mods. It seems a bit longer than the third, but is more snug than the second or third.
Thoughts: I love it! I am loath to part with it, and will be checking the drug-dealer scale to see if I have enough yarn left to knit one for myself. It fits great.
I cannot say enough good things about this yarn. I knit three of these hats with this yarn and it seems much sturdier than the Knitpicks I used for mine. Don't get me wrong, I love my Knitpicks yarns, but they just don't seem as sturdy as the Patons. And it's almost just as cheap (especially if you get it at Joann's with a 40% off coupon like I do - then it is as cheap as Knitpicks).


For the last couple of years, Nandamuri fans and film industry folks have been eagerly awaiting the debut of Nandamuri young lad, Mokshagna. Even Mokshagna’s father and popular film star, Nandamuri Balakrishna, had already confirmed that Mokshagna will make his entry very soon.
Today, a leading news daily has reported that Mokshagna will make a grand debut in 2016, after Balakrishna’s 100th film. This is indeed an interesting move by the Nandamuri chief, as Mokshagna’s debut will only intensify the hysteria which will be created by Balayya’s 100th film.
Mokshagna is currently in New York for his higher studies and is also training himself in acting and fights. Looks like 2016 is going to be a memorable year for Nandamuri fans.
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- NTR to dedicate himself to RRR
- Photo moment : Vijay Deverakonda’s messy hairdo wows fans
- Raashi Khanna tugs at heartstrings with a soothing song
- Nephew compares Mahesh Babu with Hollywood legend
- Shashank gets emotional thanks to Loser’s success
- Adorable photo : Kid Mahesh Babu with his siblings


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United Food Bank started as a nonprofit joint venture among East Valley cities with the aim to gather and distribute food to organizations that are helping to feed those in need. They rely on volunteers to help by sorting and boxing food donations, building emergency food bags, and more. W.P. Carey’s MBAA is partnering with UFB for two volunteer evenings this semester, 20 people per shift.
To register for this event, please visit the following website: https://volunteer.unitedfoodbank.org/manage/invitegroup.cfm?group=W.P_Carey_MBA_(Asu)&shift=shift-01800

domain: food


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Smith&Wesson Model 60 – .38 SPL
For sale is a Smith & Wesson Model 60 revolver in .38 SPL. Serial number- AHR0292. This stainless steel Model 60 is in great condition, comes with the original manual, and features a five-shot cylinder. It was the first revolver produced from stainless steel. The Model 60 has a swing-out cylinder, and features an exposed hammer. It has been in production since 1965, and was the first regular production all stainless steel revolver made. Add this solid revolver to your collection today! V2-I3 Barrel Length: 2 Bore condition: Good
Serial Number: AHR0292Add to Cart
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The SOJU Photography Project
The SOJU Photography Project is an extension of the documentary series--a portraiture collaboration between SOJU and Black/African photographers around the world.
Every month has a specific community focus. Each month's series will be posted on Facebook and Instagram and will be updated on the website monthly.
To follow along with the series and for live updates, go to the SOJU Instagram page: www.instagram.com/sojuafrica
OCTOBER '21 - SOJU x EKOW QUANSAH, GHANA
ṢOJU shared the experiences of the LGBTQIA+ community in Accra, Ghana in light of the anti-LGBTQIA+ bill that was proposed July, 2021. Read the stories of Abeiku, Suhaida, Rita, Tray, Marilyn, Rayku, and Tamara on the ṢOJU Instagram and Facebook page.
NOVEMBER '21 - SOJU x VADU RODRIGUES, CAPE VERDE
ṢOJU shared the experiences of the creative and entrepreneurial community in Cape Verde. Read the stories of Walter, Simone, Kanguro, Vadu, Edna, Tania, and more on the ṢOJU Instagram and Facebook page.
JANUARY '22 - SOJU x TAESIRAT YUSUF, NIGERIA
ṢOJU shared the experiences of young people in Nigeria. Read the stories of Qamar, Bukola, Damola, Hannat, and more on the ṢOJU Instagram and Facebook page.
FEBRUARY '22 - SOJU x EMEBIRIODO UGOCHUKWU, NIGERIA
ṢOJU shared the experiences of young people in Nigeria. Read the stories of Michael, Adeoluwa, Emma, Tunde, Tide, and others on the ṢOJU Instagram and Facebook page.


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The accident took place as the jeep (Se 1 Ja 787) was heading to Rumayal from Kailpalmandu.
Among the injured, five are undergoing treatment at the Sub-regional hospital Dadeldhura while three others were referred to Kohalpur Medical College, Banke.
The accident occurred due to the narrow road. It may be noted that the cement sacks and iron rods were loaded in the vehicle. RSSइमेजखबर एपबाट खोल्नुहोस् । एन्ड्रोइड डाउन्लोडका लागि यहाँ र आइफोनका लागि यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस् ।

domain: news


A lot of people use the newsid tool to generate new sids for servers this unfortunately does not work so well with server 2008 and can produce some stunning results if you try and use it in R2 (hint it wont boot afterwards).
However you can create a newsid with sysprep, which is installed by default with server 2k8.
Type sysprep into the box and hit enter
it will direct you to the sysprep folder
double click the exe in the folder
leave the default option “Enter system out of box experience” and tick the generalise box which is the bit that will generate a new sid.
Click OK and wait for a bit the server will reboot run though some basic installation tasks and also run you through the mini-setup process.
This is great for template vm’s that have not already been set to to use the customisation wizards available in the various hypervisors.


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A Comprehensive Curriculum
"I loved using this book with my 5th graders this year [..]. I used the two pieces with a “teacher’s duet” to have my students at all levels play together, which is a great experience for all of them." - Francesca Florance, ECISD Harp Director.
Read Francesca's full review here.
The Happy Harps curriculum is a step-by-step approach that combines satisfying repertoire with a solid foundation in technique and theory/note reading. With two tracks available to accommodate different beginners, the series takes a student of any age from the very first lesson up through an early intermediate level.
Complete Level 1
To purchase a Happy Harps book in print directly from the author, contact Zoe.
Or, you can find hard copies and PDF downloads available at:
PDF download versions are also available from:

domain: library


- Joe Biden acknowledged Donald Trump's role in the US's successful coronavirus vaccination program.
- He noted that vaccines were authorized under Trump and credited both parties.
- Biden is trying to boost vaccine take-up, and Republicans have been less likely to get the shot.
President Joe Biden acknowledged former President Donald Trump's role in the coronavirus vaccine rollout as he encouraged more people to get vaccinated.
"The science was done under Democratic and Republican administrations," he said Wednesday. "Matter of fact, the first vaccines were authorized under a Republican president and widely developed by a Democratic president — deployed by a Democratic president."
Biden is trying to reach his target of getting one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine to at least 70% of Americans by July 4.
Republicans and Trump supporters have been less likely to get vaccinated.
Trump and his allies have complained that he doesn't get enough credit for the US success in manufacturing and administering vaccines.
The Moderna vaccine was a major beneficiary of the Trump administration's Operation Warp Speed program. The former president also tried to take credit for Pfizer's vaccine, though that drugmaker did not take part in the program.


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The International Cricket Council (ICC) has today responded to a number of concerns from the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) regarding penalties imposed by ICC match referee, Mike Denness, during the second Test in South Africa.
ICC Chief Executive, Malcolm Speed, said: "We have received and are currently considering a written complaint from the BCCI regarding the actions of Mike Denness during the recent India v South Africa Test match.
"Mike Denness is a former Test captain and a very experienced match referee. During his time refereeing Test and One-Day International matches his record has been one of fairness and consistency. On the previous 9 occasions where Mike Denness has acted as Referee for a match involving India, no Indian players have been reported or penalised."
There is a clearly defined process for appointing ICC match referees for a Test series. This involves consulting each of the participating cricket boards to see whether either has an objection to the appointment. When contacted in September this year, neither India nor South Africa had any objection whatsoever to Mike Denness' appointment.
Malcolm Speed concluded: "The BCCI has requested that another match referee be appointed to officiate in the third Test. However, given that the ICC is satisfied that all procedures have been adhered to, we cannot agree to this request."
The ICC provisions in relation to umpires and referees have been in place for 10 years. It is clearly understood by all of the ICC Member Boards that there is no right of appeal against the decision of a match referee. It has never been seriously suggested by any Board that there should be such a right.
It is common knowledge that the ICC is carrying out an extensive review of the way in which umpires and referees are appointed, trained and critiqued. These matters have been raised at the last three meetings of the ICC Executive Board.
The ICC Executive Board resolved at its meeting last month in Kuala Lumpur to review the penalties that are laid out in the ICC Code of Conduct. The ICC is currently drafting a new code in respect of both offences and set penalties.
It is envisaged that there will be three or four groups of offences with set penalties applicable to each group. The major objectives of this new system are to have appropriate penalties in place for all international cricket matches.
It is proposed that this will be adopted on 1st April 2002, the same date on which the new panels of umpires and referees commence.
ICC President Malcolm Gray, said today: "The ICC is concerned about standards of on-field behaviour of players and has asked umpires and referees to take a stronger stance in respect of charging offending players and imposing appropriate penalties. This initiative has the strong support of all members of the ICC Executive Board.
If any Member country of the ICC is concerned about the processes that have been in place for many years, the proper way of dealing with this is to raise it as an issue at the next meeting of the Executive Board."
For more information please contact:


White House press secretary Robert Gibbs refused to comment on revelations made in the trial of former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich that reveal the most direct involvement between then-Senator Obama and the posturing for filling his vacant Senate seat.
According to the testimony of Chicago labor leader Tom Balanoff, he received a phone call the night before the 2008 presidential election from then-Sen. Obama saying that he thought his advisor Valerie Jarrett fit the criteria for United States Senator.
Balanoff recalled Obama saying in the phone call that he preferred Jarrett working for him at the White House but expressing that Jarrett "does want to be a senator."
While Obama had said he would not endorse anyone outright for his soon-to-be vacant Senate seat, Balanoff testified today he told Obama that he would reach out to Gov. Blagojevich with that message.
When asked by ABC’s Ann Compton during today's press briefing, White House press secretary Robert Gibbs declined to comment on the ongoing trial.
“You're telling me about this testimony; I'm not going to get into commenting on, obviously, an ongoing -- an ongoing trial. And I -- I've -- have not had an opportunity to see that,” Gibbs said.
In December 2008 President-elect Obama said he was “appalled and disappointed” by the revelations that the Blagojevich was involved in a “pay-to-play” scheme to fill his Senate seat.
“I have never spoken to the governor on this subject,” Obama said then in remarks from Chicago, “I'm confident that no representatives of mine would have any part of any deals related to this seat.”
Obama then ordered a gathering of the facts surrounding any staff contacts that took place between the Presidential Transition office and the governor’s office.
“I'm absolutely certain...that our office had no involvement in any deal-making around my Senate seat. That I'm absolutely certain of. And the -- that is -- that would be a violation of everything that this campaign has been about. And that's not how we do business,” then President-elect Obama said.
The report, compiled by Greg Craig, released on December 23, 2008 concluded that Obama did not have connection the governor’s office.
“In addition, the accounts contain no indication of inappropriate discussions with the Governor or anyone from his office about a “deal” or a quid pro quo arrangement in which he would receive a personal benefit in return for any specific appointment to fill the vacancy.”


text: C.O.C.O.'s self-titled debut is a tightly knit collection of well-crafted pop tunes from Chris Sutton and Olivia Ness. Performed with only bass, drums, and vocals, each of the record's ten tracks is a pop gem -- quick, tight, simple. Nothing too fancy ever finds its way into the mix as C.O.C.O. delivers clever and upbeat pop music. Simplicity never sounded so good. Occasionally, the clumsiness of the recording process stays on the album in true K Records do-it-yourself fashion. The little mistakes bring out the character of the record sometimes more than the songs themselves. The only problem is that many of the tracks are formulaic and have the tendency to become indistinguishable from one to another. Perhaps C.O.C.O. could benefit from a bit more experimentation, but that's not really the point. C.O.C.O.'s aesthetic isn't the most forward-thinking in modern music, but the duo does what it does quite well. And the record does occasionally veer somewhat from the typical indie formula (as when Sutton breaks into an old school rap on "You Knew It"), but for the most part C.O.C.O. is a predictable, yet still enjoyable, record.


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Set in a historic building, La Locanda delle Streghe - Relais Ristorante features a restaurant. It is located in Castel del Monte, in the Abruzzo region, which is part of the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. Free WiFi throughout.
With wood beamed ceilings and stone walls, rooms are decorated with wooden furnishings and come with a TV. Each has a private bathroom equipped with free toiletries and a hairdryer.
The restaurant serves traditional and regional specialities, which are mad...e with local produce.
Pescara and the Adriatic coast are 85 km from La Locanda delle Streghe. Abruzzo Airport is 80 km away.
|Via della Pineta, 24|
Castel del Monte

domain: travel


text:
With all the media coverage surrounding food today, it’s not uncommon to come across someone who has a question about the food they eat or prepare for their families. Every day there seems to be another study published saying you should eat more of this or cut that out altogether.
Today’s consumers seem to be caught in the middle of an endless tug-of-war match between groups trying to tell them what they should or shouldn’t eat. This grudge match has ebbed and flowed over recent years, sparking countless fad diets and a general distrust in today’s food system.
This distrust has been fueled by the fact that today, the average consumer is 3-4 generations removed from the farm. When talking with consumers, two general sentiments seem to continually rise to the surface – they are afraid they are making the wrong food choices for themselves or their families, and they are guilty about the items they put on the table.
The knowledge gap between consumers and their food has only been widened by the fact that, as the discussion about food continues, one group’s voice has been largely lost in the mix–the farmers and ranchers who grow and raise your food. Greg Greving, a corn and soybean farmer from Chapman, Nebraska sees the value in helping consumers learn more about where their food comes from. “I wish that everyone who had questions or concerns about their food would take the time to visit a farm to see the passion farmers have for their work,” he said. “We are committed to raising a safe food supply. We want you to feel confident about the food you are purchasing, knowing it was raised with care using the best knowledge at hand, and that we feed the same food to our families every day.”
Greving said his work on the farm has been very rewarding. “Farming is a rewarding career for so many reasons, but one thing I enjoy in particular is the fact that I get to go out every spring and create life. We value the opportunity we are given to experience this lifecycle each year. I’ve been lucky enough to be a part of it 41 times, and I’m proud that I get to share it with my two boys, who are the fourth generation in our family to farm. My boys and I are grateful and proud of the fact that we get to play a role in putting food on families’ tables, and we hope to pass that on to my two grandsons.”
All the attention being paid to food is a good thing. Farmers want consumers to learn more and be comfortable with the decisions they are making. So, the next time you have a question about your food, ask a farmer. They’ll have a story to tell. And the dirt on their hands to prove it.

domain: agronomy


Women's Tennis Reaches First Ever NCAA Round of 16
CHARLOTTESVILLE – The No. 11 Virginia women’s tennis team advanced to the round of 16 of the NCAA Tournament for the first time in program history after downing No. 25 NC State 4-2 in a second match Sunday. The Cavaliers (20-7) also secured their first ever 20-win season and will next meet sixth-seeded UCLA on Friday at Stanford.
“To see this team get through this stage and be able to celebrate this accomplishment, I couldn’t be happier,” said head coach Mark Guilbeau. “We can finally talk about the round of 16 and how exciting that is going to be. They are about to experience something that will help them understand why all the hard work is worth it.”
Virginia jumped out to a quick start in doubles, up a break in two of the three matches, when severe weather hit the Snyder Tennis Center. After a nearly two-hour lightning and rain delay, play resumed indoors at the Boyd Tinsley Courts at the Boar’s Head Sports Club. The Cavaliers continued their momentum after the break and secured the doubles point. Emily Fraser (Rye, N.Y.) and Hana Tomljanovic (Boca Raton, Fla.), who were tied 2-2 with Tatiana Illova and Lenka Hojckova at No. 2 outdoors, rolled off six straight games indoors for an 8-2 win. Lindsey Hardenbergh (Fairfax Station, Va.) and Erin Vierra (Norwell, Mass.) clinched the opening point with an 8-4 win at No. 1 over Sanaa Bhambri and Sandhya Nagaraj.
In singles, the Wolfpack (16-9) drew even in the match as Joelle Kissell topped Tomljanovic 6-4, 6-2 at the No. 4 position. Maria Fuccillo (Rockville, Md.) gave the Cavaliers the lead again, 2-1, with her 6-3, 6-3 win at No. 6 over Christy Sipes. At No. 2, Fraser fought off three first-set set points and used that momentum to cruise in the second set for a 7-6(2), 6-1 win over Nagaraj to make the score 3-1. Hojckova cut that lead in half when she won a pair of tiebreakers for a 7-6(1), 7-6(0) win over Caryssa Peretz (Cherry Hill, N.J.) at No. 5. Seconds later Hardenbergh clinched the Cavaliers’ ticket to the round of 16 with her 7-5, 6-2 win over Bhambri at the top spot. With the win, Hardenbergh becomes the first Cavalier women’s player to reach 40 singles wins in a season.
“Give NC State a lot of credit,” said Guilbeau. “That was a tough, tough match. You could feel the heart and the fight our team had. Those first sets at No. 1 and No. 2, it wasn’t by chance that those scores went 7-5 and 7-6 in our favor. That comes from two third-years who have put a lot of work in and they will get those results more often than not. They deserve it.”
The Cavaliers will meet UCLA in the round of 16 on Friday at the Taube Tennis Center in Stanford, Calif. The match is scheduled for 9 a.m. PT (noon ET).
#11 Virginia 4, #25 NC State 2
1. #32 Hardenbergh/Vierra (UVa) def. #17 Bhambri/Nagaraj (NCSU) 8-4
2. #20 Fraser/Tomljanovic (UVa) def. Illova/Hojckova (NCSU) 8-2
3. Fuccillo/Peretz (UVa) led Kissell/Miller (NCSU) 7-6 DNF
1. #27 Lindsey Hardenbergh def. #28 Sanaa Bhambri (NCSU) 7-5, 6-2
2. #60 Emily Fraser (UVa) def. #85 Sandhya Nagaraj (NCSU) 7-6(2), 6-1
3. #101 Erin Vierra (UVa) vs. Tatiana Illova (NCSU) 6-1, 3-6, 3-3 DNF
4. Joelle Kissell (NCSU) def. #118 Hana Tomljanovic (UVa) 6-4, 6-2
5. Lenka Hojckova (NCSU) def. Caryssa Peretz (UVa) 7-6(1), 7-6(0)
6. Maria Fuccillo (UVa) def. Christy Sipes (NCSU) 6-3, 6-3
Order of Finish:


**For a looser fit go 1-2 sizes up**
View product video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCdEB7WxvPk
We have joggers and sweat pants so make sure you are looking at the style you want.
No international orders at this time due to Covid shipping issues with countries like Australia etc. Workaround: You could ship to a friend within the USA and they can ship to you overseas.
IMPORTANT: If in doubt go up one to two sizes. These designs are only printed once to twice a year or every other! Get them while you can!
Model is 5'6 (typically wears a small or 2-4) wearing a small.
Merde warm-ups. So comfy and soft. The perfect warm-ups. No dance wardrobe is complete without Merde dance warm-ups.
- 7 oz./yd² (US), 11.7 oz/L yd (CA), 52/48 Airlume combed and ringspun cotton/polyester, 32 singles
- Athletic Heather: 90/10 Airlume combed and ringspun cotton/polyester
- Heather Navy: 60/40 Airlume combed and ringspun cotton/polyester
- Unisex sizing
- Side pockets
- Ribbed ankle cuffs
- Elastic waistband with grommet and white drawcord
- Side seams
- Tear away label


text:
Support when you need it
Running a business can be lonely… get the support and guidance you need to succeed.
Have confidence you’re doing it right
Follow a framework that tens of thousands of business owners have successfully used before.
Get results faster
Enjoy increased profits and more time for the important things in life.
Business owners deserve the knowledge and support to succeed in business AND have time for the important things in life.
Running a successful business shouldn’t mean working all hours and sacrificing the important things in life…yet that is the reality for so many business leaders.
Research shows this isn’t effective… productivity actually decreases when you work 50+ hour weeks.
Worse still, you lose out on precious hours that should be spent with your family, taking care of yourself and having fun!
“We have seen fantastic growth since having Paul on board and have been able to focus on the important things in business. We have set ambitious, but achievable targets, and are looking forward to further growth this year.”
Steve Radford – Yowzer
“Paul has been fantastic to work with. He’s helped me pivot from spending way too much time on irrelevant tasks. We’ve worked together on making small changes that are adding up to make a big difference. Highly recommended.”
Tim Ranscombe – Tim’s Digital

domain: economics


text:
The local theater community turned out in droves for the 2008 Ivey Awards at the State Theatre on Monday night. Little House on the Prairie stars Steve Blanchard (Pa) and Melissa Gilbert (Ma) hosted the event, which honors outstanding achievements in local theater for the preceding year.
This year’s honorees were:
Workhouse Theatre Company’s ‘Night Mother, for overall excellence
Open Eye Figure Theatre’s A Prelude to Faust, for overall excellence
Interact Center’s Broken Brain Summit, for its innovative concept and idea
Frank Theatre’s The Pillowman, for unparalleled emotional impact
Ordway Center for the Performing Arts’ production of Cabaret, for costume design, scenic design, and choreography
Gremlin Theatre’s Orson’s Shadow for ensemble acting—honorees: Gary Geiken, Katie Guentzel, John Middleton, Carolyn Pool, Matt Rein, and Alan Sorenson.
Actor Jairus Abts, for his outstanding performance as Hedwig in the Jungle Theater’s production of Hedwig and the Angry Inch.
Actor James A. Williams, for his portrayal of Troy Maxson in Penumbra Theatre’s Company’s production of Fences, by August Wilson.
Actor Kate Eifrig, for her portrayal of nine different Iraqi women in 9 Parts of Desire at the Guthrie Theater.
Dramaturg and actor Matthew Amendt won the Emerging Artist award.
The Lifetime Achievement Award went to Don Stolz, who founded the legendary Old Log Theater in 1940.
If you couldn't make it, check out video journalist Matt Peikin's three-minute distillation of the evening at Three-Minute Egg.

domain: entertainment


text:
Our open edition fine art prints are printed on archival quality premium photopaper, printed with longevity UltraChrome Ink, waterresistant and lightresistance up to 80 years. Highest quality available today. All photo prints are usually printed in our Fine Art Photography Gallery on Northern Vancouver Island by the original photographer.
Our range of fine art photo prints offer wildlife and animal prints, panoramic prints as well as scenic, landscape and nature prints. Please browse through our stock photography and photos and make your personal selection.
Prints will be shipped unframed/unmatted usually within 48 hours and by airmail.
To order prints:
go to the image you would like or make your selection (you may want to use the "lightbox" to do so), then follow "order print" button and follow the instructions.


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O.J. Simpson returns to his original stomping grounds at the Potrero Hill Recreation Center in the late 1970s.
Photo: Potrero Hill Archive Project
Potrero Hill Rec Center, 23rd and Arkansas Streets, with a view of downtown. Mid 1990s.
This is the best place in the City to play pickup basketball; the excellent indoor courts were built partly with money donated by O.J. Simpson, who grew up in the neighborhood and hung out here as a kid. (An interesting 2004 novel, Winners, by Eric Martin passes through this site too, and gives an unusually insightful account of life in San Francisco's Sunset district and the Potrero Hill projects during the dot-com boom of 1999-2001.)
Potrero Hill Recreation Center in the mid 1990s.
adapted from Dr. Weirde's Guide to Weirde San Francisco
Southerly view from back of Potrero Hill Rec Center field, over the Potrero Hill Housing Projects, Bayview Hill (with Candlestick Park in upper left corner) and San Bruno Mountain in distance, beyond the freeways.
Photos by Chris Carlsson

domain: history


text:
Friday, June 26, 2015
This is the Historic Day!
This is the day that I have been waiting for. This is the day that makes every bad day worth it. This is the day that when I didn’t receive awards or win elections, I thought, all other things really don’t matter. It’s really the ruling on gay marriage that is important because it will change my life. This is the day I have been waiting almost 40 years for. Mary Lou and I moved in together in 1976 and married legally in Canada in 2006, on our 30th anniversary. This is the day that our marriage is finally recognized in Texas, and in all of America. This is the day that Mary Lou and I become eligible for the many rights most married Americans take for granted including social security benefits and being listed as spouse on each other’s death certificates. I know this may sound morbid, but I’ve heard too many times how devastating it can be to not even be recognized when a spouse dies. This is the day I have been waiting for. My cousin Elissa remembers when I told her that I wanted my marriage to recognized somewhere in the world before I died. I didn’t really think I’d see this day. This is the day I have been waiting for. To no longer to be a second--class citizen in the land of my birth. To be legally connected to my in-laws. To be told no more, that my marriage doesn’t count. It makes all the work, all the activism, all the disappointments worth it. It makes me believe in America again. This is the day I have been waiting for.

domain: sociology


text:
BOARDMAN, Ohio (WYTV) – Twenty-six months after being diagnosed with ALS, Christine Terlesky gets around the first floor of her Boardman home in a wheelchair.
Her muscles, wrists, fingers and ankles have been zapped of their strength. She is one of 30,000 people in America with the disease, for which there is no cure.
‘It is a good thing only 30,000 people have it. But at the same time, I don’t think there is that drive to get anything done,” Terlesky said in an interview last week with WYTV 33 News anchor Stan Boney.
ALS is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also called Lou Gehrig’s disease, after the New York Yankee who died from it. But 75 years later, little progress has been made.
“The money is not there as you would say like cancer or heart disease or something else, because not that many people are afflicted with it,” Terlesky said.She is the daughter of long-time Boardman girls basketball coach Ron Moschella, who now coaches at Columbiana.
She is on one ALS drug, which she said is supposed to lengthen her life by two or three months. There are other drugs being tested, and Terlesky wants to try them, but they are not FDA approved.
“How much worse can it get? It can’t get much worse, so just let us try it,” Terlesky said.There is some stem cell research being done on ALS and she would love to take part in the study.“I have a better chance honestly of winning the lottery than I have of getting in a clinical trial,” Terlesky said. “If you don’t live in the state where they are doing a clinical trial, they won’t even look at your application.”
Last May, Terlesky traveled to Washington, met with Congressman Tim Ryan, D-Niles, and advocated for more ALS research funding.
She has become somewhat of a celebrity.
“People think that they know me and it is really nice. I always get well wishes,” Terlesky said.
Terlesky is going all the way with ALS. The next step is to have a feeding tube inserted, just in case.
“But I told the surgeon I signed a living will, but for this one, try to get me back because I am not ready to go to that jump,” she said. “I am luckier than some people with the things I can do and I just want to keep it as long as possible.”


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Vance's Dive bLogs
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Nicki's photos up at Facebook from Dibba and Musandam September 2009
Nicki has put up her photos from two weekends diving in Musandam and Dibba during September 2009: the 2-night dhow trip up the Musandam 3-5 September and Dibba weekend 11-12 September.
I think this link will work, but you'll need to log on to Facebook to see them ...
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Anthony Hetheridge, ninth baron of Wellegrave and chief superintendent for Scotland Yard, will marry Kate Wakefield in three weeks. It's inevitable - the invitations are out, the flowers are ordered, the cake is chosen. But murder waits for no man - and no wedding.
A carnival rolls in sometime after the midnight hour on a chill Midwestern October eve, ushering in Halloween a week before its time. A calliope's shrill siren song beckons to all with a seductive promise of dreams and youth regained. In this season of dying, Cooger & Dark's Pandemonium Shadow Show has come to Green Town, Illinois, to destroy every life touched by its strange and sinister mystery.
"Brilliant language and awesome performance but ..."
What matters most to you? Should you focus on earning a living, pursuing your passions, or devoting yourself to the causes that inspire you? The surprising truth is that you don’t have to choose—and that you’ll find more success if you don’t. That’s the breakthrough message of the TOMS One for One movement. You don’t have to be rich to give back and you don’t have to retire to spend every day doing what you love. You can find profit, passion, and meaning all at once—right now.
"My eyes welled up several times!"
Rachel has always been a good girl--until her 30th birthday, when her best friend Darcy throws her a party. That night, after too many drinks, Rachel ends up in bed with Darcy's fiancé Dex. Rachel is horrified to discover that she has genuine feelings for Dex. She prays for fate to intervene, but when she makes a choice she discovers that the lines between right and wrong are blurry, endings aren't always neat, and you have to risk all to win true happiness.
"Love, friendship, betrayal and guilt"
Darcy Rhone thought she had it all figured out: the more beautiful the girl, the more charmed her life. Never mind substance. Never mind playing by the rules. Never mind karma.But Darcy’s neat, perfect world turns upside down when her best friend, Rachel, the plain-Jane “good girl,” steals her fiancé, while Darcy finds herself completely alone for the first time in her life… with a baby on the way.
"I love it when a sequel outshines the original!"
The hot Texas nights were lonely for Ben before his heart began beating to the rhythm of two words; Tim Wyman. By all appearances, Tim had the perfect body and ideal life, but when a not-so-accidental collision brings them together, Ben discovers that the truth is rarely so simple. If winning Tim's heart was an impossible quest, keeping it would prove even harder as family, society, and emotion threaten to tear them apart. Something Like Summer is a love story spanning a decade and beyond as two boys discover what it means to be friends, lovers, and sometimes even enemies.
"More than meets the eye..."
When recently retired DHS frontline officer and intelligence expert Philip Haney bravely tried to say something about the people and organizations that threatened the nation, his intelligence information was eliminated, and he was investigated by the very agency assigned to protect the country. The national campaign by the DHS to raise public awareness of terrorism and terrorism-related crime known as If You See Something, Say Something effectively has become If You See Something, Say Nothing.
Jasmine de los Santos has always done what's expected of her. She's studied hard, made her Filipino immigrant parents proud and is ready to reap the rewards in the form of a full college scholarship to the school of her dreams. And then everything shatters. Her parents are forced to reveal the truth: their visas expired years ago. Her entire family is illegal. That means no scholarships, maybe no college at all and the very real threat of deportation.
Cooger & Dark's Pandemonium Shadow Show has come to Green Town, Illinois, to destroy every life touched by its strange and sinister mystery. And two inquisitive boys standing precariously on the brink of adulthood will soon discover the secret of the satanic raree-show's mazes and mirrors, as they learn all too well the heavy cost of wishes and the stuff of nightmares.
"A Great Classic Come to Life"
The one thing that could be expected to disturb the peace of life at Blandings is the incursion of imposters. Blandings has imposters like other houses have mice. On this occasion there are two of them--both intent on a dangerous enterprise.
"So That's Where "Upstairs, Downstairs" Came From!"
There are two sides to every story. When you're Tim Wyman, sometimes there are three. Tim hoped moving to Texas would mean a new beginning, but he soon finds himself falling into the same tired patterns. Until he meets recklessly brave Benjamin Bentley, who introduces Tim to a world of love, sex, and warmth. Certain that society won't understand what he and Ben have together, Tim struggles to protect their relationship, even if it means twisting the truth. Buried beneath his own deceptions, Tim must claw his way to the surface in the hopes of learning to fly.
For some, love seems an impossible dream. Growing up gay in small-town Missouri, Jace Holden thought his chance would never come. When he meets Victor - a wild soul and fellow outsider - his chances of finding love go from bleak to a very uncertain, maybe. Bracing his heart, Jace chases after his desire, hoping for a warm hand to hold his tight.
Kenny Huldorf is not happy when he learns that he and his family will be moving all the way across the country to Rhode Island, a state smaller than Los Angeles, the city he’s known his whole life. His new home, The Stillwell House, was built in 1789 and, like everything in Providence, it seems old-fashioned and somber. But things start to look a little brighter when Kenny’s mom shows him his new bedroom: a long, open attic with plenty of room and privacy.
"good middle school book"
Something Borrowed tells the story of Rachel, a young attorney living and working in Manhattan. Rachel has always been the consummate good girl---until her 30th birthday, when her best friend, Darcy, throws her a party. That night, after too many drinks, Rachel ends up in bed with Darcy's fiancé. Although she wakes up determined to put the one-night fling behind her, Rachel is horrified to discover that she has genuine feelings for the one guy she should run from.
Pastor and author Kevin DeYoung counsels Christians to settle down, make choices, and do the hard work of seeing those choices through. Too often, he writes, God's people tinker around with churches, jobs, and relationships, worrying that they haven't found God's perfect will for their lives.
"Practical, Biblical advice"
This is the work that introduced Mother Teresa of Calcutta to the Western world. Malcolm Muggeridge paints a profound and moving portrait of a lady whose love for Christ and the needy has deeply impacted many a life - including the author’s. “For me,” says Muggeridge, “Mother Teresa of Calcutta embodies Christian love in action. Her face shines with the love of Christ on which her whole life is centered, and her words carry that message to a world which never needed it so much.”
"Story of an amazing woman, must read."
A month before her death on May 20, 1989, Gilda Radner entered a Los Angeles recording studio to deliver what would be her final performance - this remarkable audio autobiography, in which she reveals the inspirational story of her struggle with cancer...a private, personal battle in which the humor and humanity that has touched millions became her most powerful weapon.
"Such a funny lady gives us an insight to her life."
In this eye-opening account of life in the ER, Paul Austin recalls how the daily grind of long, erratic shifts and endless hordes of patients with sad stories sent him down a path of bitterness and cynicism. Gritty, powerful, and ultimately redemptive, Something for the Pain is a revealing glimpse into the fragility of compassion and sanity in the industrial setting of today’s hospitals.
The aliens are here. And they want to help. The extraordinary new project from one of the country's most acclaimed and consistently brilliant SF novelists of the last 30 years. The Jackaroo have given humanity 15 worlds and the means to reach them. They're a chance to start over, but they're also littered with ruins and artifacts left by the Jackaroos' previous clients.
"A police procedural set in a strange future"
Lizzy Thompson met Riverrat69 online through Something Real, a service promising to deliver meaningful relationships by forbidding its users to share names or photos until they've reached a certain benchmark. She was looking for love. He was researching an investment. They hit it off. Talked and flirted, hid behind screen names and cartoon avatars. Now they're breaking the rules and meeting in person.
"Not what I thought it would be."

domain: literature


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Updated: March 6, 2013 11:55 PM EST
AP Top News at 11:55 p.m. ESTThe Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) - Republicans pushed legislation through the House on Wednesday to prevent a government shutdown this month while easing the short-term impact of $85 billion in spending cuts - at the same time previewing a longer-term plan to erase federal deficits without raising taxes. President Barack Obama pursued a different path as the GOP asserted its budget priorities. He hosted a dinner with a dozen Republican senators at a hotel near the White House in search of bipartisan support for a deficit-cutting approach that includes the higher taxes he seeks as well as savings from Medicare and other benefit programs that they stress. The Republican leaders of the House and Senate did not participate.


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- 10 May 2016 9:00 AM
He handed over a letter addressed to the ministry’s state secretary, saying that the supporting signatures are proof that Uber has “broad social backing” in Hungary.
Uber is ready for negotiations with the government, which should focus on creating a legal framework for transport services fit for the 21st century, he said.
In the letter, Uber asked state secretary János Fónagy to hear their proposals on tax and regulations. Uber has 150,000 registered users and if it were banned, competition would cease to exist in the sector.
From the end of February all Uber drivers have tax numbers, provide an invoice after every trip and hold permits from the transportation authority, Fekete said. Budapest taxi drivers have taken to the streets four times this year to protest Uber.
The government has said it aims to establish equitable conditions for taxi drivers and takes the side of licensed professionals who comply with the rules and pay their taxes.
Republished with permission of Hungary Matters, MTI’s daily newsletter.


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TAIPEI, Taiwan – Taiwan's government said Friday it was seeking to prevent 52 Taiwanese criminal suspects being deported by Malaysia from being sent to China amid an ongoing struggle over jurisdiction in such cases.
Taiwan's official Central News Agency quoted Foreign Minister David Y.L. Lin as saying that Taiwan's office in Kuala Lumpur was lobbying Malaysian authorities to send the group to Taiwan in accordance with precedent.
The incident comes amid Taiwanese protests over the recent deportation of 45 Taiwanese by Kenya to China.
China claimed jurisdiction in that case because the Taiwanese are suspected of committing wire fraud against victims in mainland China. Taiwan said Kenya violated their citizens' legal rights and accused Beijing of violating a tacit agreement not to interfere in each side's citizens legal affairs abroad.
Taiwanese are concerned about China's attempts to assert its claims to sovereignty over their island by convincing countries over which it has influence to hand over Taiwanese suspects to mainland authorities. The sides split amid civil war and China has long sought to isolate Taiwan diplomatically by preventing it from maintaining formal ties with most countries, including Malaysia and Kenya.
China says it is investigating the 45 Taiwanese deported to China for possible involvement in wire fraud. Taiwan says it will send a delegation to Beijing to negotiate over the matter.


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Chicago hardcore outfit Dead Ending are streaming the track “Bring On The Mob” off their upcoming album “Shoot the Messenger” out November 17th via Alternative Tentacles. The band, comprised of the legendary Vic Bondi (Articles of Faith), Derek Grant (Alkaline Trio) and Nathan Voorhees (Ensign, Vision), throws some fast paced, in your face political punk rock.
Check out the new song below.
Dead Ending will be holding a record listening party on November 17th at Kuma’s Corner in Chicago.
[bandcamp width=610 height=120 album=2457239644 size=large bgcol=333333 linkcol=e32c14 tracklist=false artwork=small]


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“Our Man in Scandinavia” is Alamo Rent A Car’s newly appointed General Sales Agent (GSA) for their USA and Canada business in Norway.
The company was established in 2008 by Paul Stanley and have successfully represented Alamo in both Sweden and Denmark over the last 4 years resulting in extensive growth through both travel agents and tour operators.
Stanley aims to raise awareness of the Alamo brand in Norway, grow the business by increasing rentals to North America and build strong client relationships.
“Our Man in Scandinavia is delighted to be appointed as the GSA for Alamo in Norway,” stated Stanley. “The car rental sector provides an excellent opportunity for both travel agents and tour operators to increase their revenues and with Alamo, as the leading car rental supplier to the USA, they get a first class, quality product to promote and sell to their customers travelling to North America.”
Phil Eaton, Vice President Sales & Marketing for Alamo commented: “ I’m very pleased about the appointment of Our Man in Scandinavia in Norway. They are a well established and respected operation in the travel industry. We are committed to working with the trade and I am confident that the Alamo brand will flourish with their support as our sales agent in the country .”
Operators or agents interested in working with Alamo for USA and Canada car rentals in Norway or wishing to find out more information about the brand should contact Paul Stanley at firstname.lastname@example.org or on +46 761 841003.
About Alamo Rent A Car
Founded in 1974 and headquartered in St. Louis, Alamo Rent A Car is a value-oriented, internationally recognized brand serving the daily rental needs of airport leisure travellers. Alamo offers low rental rates and a fun, hassle-free customer experience at the most popular travel destinations throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Latin America, Asia and the Pacific Rim. Alamo also is the largest car rental provider to international travellers visiting North America.
A technology innovator and industry leader, Alamo launched the industry’s first real-time Internet booking engine in 1995 as well as the industry’s first and only Online Check-In system in 2005. In addition, Alamo currently operates 159 self-service kiosks at 65 U.S. locations, which earned the company the “Extra Mile Award” from Budget Travel magazine in 2007.

domain: geography


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- Report year:2020
- Organisation: Development Gateway, Inc.
In general, actors in the mining sector are working towards greater involvement of women in private companies, in the management of mining resources, and in decision-making bodies. Guinea has ratified most international conventions on women's rights and gender equality, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDEF) in 1980, the 1993 UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, and the African Charter of Human and Peoples Charter Protocol on Women's Rights in Africa in 2003 (The Maputo Protocol). The country also joined the 2015 Beijing Action Program, which provides specific guidance in areas such as violence against women, education, and girls' rights.


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Large-scale MHM Talk
Touching The Lives of Girls Foundation in partnership with the Ministry of Education has organized a menstrual hygiene talk in Ghana on the 18th November for about 3.000 girls. Pop singer Becca was present to talk to the girls and hand out pads to them.
Contact: Nana Ama Adutwumwaa, Touching the Life of Girls foundation <email@example.com>
An encouraging message from Pop singer Becca:
The Ghana Education Service in collaboration with UNICEF has launched menstrual hygiene management communication materials, together with a dedicated MHM website. The materials will be disseminated to key stakeholders, as well as to 32,000 basic and 1,000 second cycle schools in the country.
Access more information and MHM materials for girls, boys, and adults on their website www.menstrualhygienegh.org


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Free Fireworks, Free Food, Half Price Swimming on the 4th of July
Sedalia Parks and Recreation has announced its annual Fourth of July celebration, and there's something fun for everyone.
This year the Fourth of July falls on a Tuesday, and whether or not you're going to stretch the Fourth into a five-day weekend, or you'll pop in and pretend to work on Monday, you'll want to have some fun with Sedalia Parks and Recreation.
The Fourth of July parade will kick off downtown at 10:00 AM CDT. This year's theme is "National Treasure". If you'd like to enter a float in the parade you can do that for free by contacting Sedalia Parks and Recreation.
There will be a free picnic at Centennial Park between 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM CDT and half-price swimming at Centennial Pool between 11:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Active military and veterans can swim for free.
Finally, a fireworks show will be held at the Missouri State Fairgrounds at 9:30 PM CDT to cap off your Fourth of July celebration.
You can check out the flyer from Sedalia Parks and Recreation on their Facebook page.


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The scent of lilac and honeysuckle fill the morning air as I run down the street early this morning. Endorphin enhancing fragrances. I am a long way from the many large protests happening in our major cities. That is just geography however because the murders of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor are ever present. America is decidedly on my mind.
An early summer storm threatened the Vermont sky last evening. An ominous sky overhead as we began our evening walk with our dog. The sun was still present with glimpses of blue sky in a very deceptive manner. I trusted it. The same way I trusted an illusion of safety many years ago. I was stunned by lightening in my early twenties and have had other intense “lightening” experiences that have left me very cautious and quite irrationally afraid of pending storms. One summer evening in another place and at another time in my life a blue sky appeared overhead as lightning struck from behind. A classic summer storm set-up.
Thunderhead clouds were off in the distance as I tried very hard to ignore their presence last evening. In actuality I saw nothing else as we made our way down the street. How quickly our environment changes. How quickly things escalate. My adrenaline began to pump. I felt the humidity encompass me as moisture appeared on my skin.
The ever so immediate “fight or flight” response took over. All of my attention was on getting safely home. Heart racing with shallow breathing as my adrenaline was flowing like the rapids of a swiftly moving river. I saw nothing of my beautiful landscape just the dark looming clouds seeming to threaten my very existence. In my mind anyway. In my experience. Fight or flight knows no religion, color or socioeconomic status. Purely a human physiologic response. Fearing and fighting for one’s life is a basic and profound human instinct. As human as the beating of a heart.
Abruptly turning back towards our home all rationale went by the wayside. Logically I knew I was only a half mile from my home, but logic played no part as darkness surrounded me. Truly the longest and hardest half mile I can remember running. An endless marathon of effort. My feet felt as if they were encased in cement and not my New Balance running shoes. I don’t know how many actual minutes it took for me to make my way home. Maybe 4 or 5 minutes based on my usual running pace, but this was anything but a usual run. My brief but anxiety ridden effort seemed like an eternity. I arrived safely home before the storm. I sat gratefully on my couch recovering as I tried to calm my still rapidly beating heart while reflecting on the concept of minutes and eternity. In just under nine minutes George Floyd painfully and tragically entered eternity. The unimaginable horror of 8 minutes and 46 seconds…
The news is filled with protests happening around the world. George Floyd is posthumously responsible for a world-wide movement. Mr. Floyd’s six-year-old daughter Gianna spoke prophetically and insightfully as she sat on the shoulders of retired NBA player Stephen Jackson. “Daddy changed the world.”
There is hope. If we listen and hear the many compelling and diverse voices there will be positive change. A tide is rolling in. A movement is here. Let the waves wash over you as we listen to the sound of the mighty ocean. A just and united America waits on the shore. In literature water often symbolizes renewal, life and the washing away of sins. We have the opportunity to do the right thing and be an America we can all be proud of.
Last night’s storm has passed but I know there will be another and many after that. Weathering storms is part of life. I have learned that. Last evening and before I went to bed I glanced outside my window. The skies had cleared, and a nearly full Moon shone brightly.
Every storm runs out of rain, just like every dark night turns into day. Gary Allan


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Andy tells us his fave games and plays some of his fave tunes.
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And big thanks to Phil (@last1up) for ANOTHER awesome cover art.
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Episode 88 – The Best Of Codemasters


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Umbiflow aims to reduce the number of pregnant women who are referred to the secondary level for a Doppler ultrasound test to assess placental sufficiency as a result of having a SGA foetus. This will reduce the costs associated with Doppler measurements at the secondary level through the greatly reduced patient load. Through improved access to the Doppler measurement, Umbiflow can reduce the perinatal mortality rate. Literature suggests the mortality rate of sick-SGA foetuses can be reduced by, on average, 38% compared to a health care system that does not have access to Doppler ultrasound.
“Umbiflow will also reduce the cost, inconvenience and emotional burden to pregnant women by avoiding referrals. Such referrals generally means that they need to book days off from work, arrange for costly transport and spend long waiting times in queues, all the while worrying about the health of their unborn babies,” says Wallis. Through connectivity, Umbiflow will furthermore be able to provide accurate and up to date statistics on the medical conditions being assessed at the point-of-care (primary level), and on the quality of data measurements being done by staff at this level. The effectiveness of the Doppler measurement has been shown at the secondary level to have considerable benefits, including reduced numbers of hospital admissions (e.g. by 44%), reduced numbers of induced labour (e.g. 20%) and reduced numbers of caesarean sections for foetal distress (e.g. 52%). This is according to studies published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. “Umbiflow’s introduction at the primary level will see reduced referral numbers between the primary and secondary levels and, if implemented at secondary level facilities that do not currently have access to the Doppler measurement, could have the additionally mentioned impact,” says Wallis.
A cost-effective, easy-to-use system
The Umbiflow system uses Doppler ultrasound to measure blood flow in the umbilical artery of a third trimester foetus as a means to assessing placental sufficiency or insufficiency. Wallis explains that, in South Africa, an umbilical blood flow measurement is only available in the secondary level of health care and above, as it requires a specialist to operate the conventional equipment. “Cost is also a prohibiting factor. At the time development for Umbiflow started, stand-alone Doppler ultrasound units for umbilical blood flow analysis were available at more than R200 000 each. High-end ultrasound imaging systems, requiring a higher level of training, cost around R1.5 million. Prices for these devices have since dropped, but they are still not employed in the primary health care sector, with cost being a significant factor,” he says.
Umbiflow is a PC-based or hand-held / tablet based system with an ultrasonic transducer. It displays data on a screen and provides diagnostic support, which means operators require very little training. “Other than the probe, the system uses a commercially available PC or tablet as display and processing device for the Umbiflow software to run on. This reduces time to market and development costs,” says Wallis. “This truly is technology that can empower every nursing sister, midwife or rural GP based in mobile clinics or resource poor primary health care settings. It has the potential for great impact in our health care system.”


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