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Title: Tekken Tag Tournament 2 PC Game Download
Developer: Bandai Namco Games
Publisher: Bandai Namco Games
Release Date: September 14, 2011
Learn about how to download Tekken Tag Tournament 2 on a computer. No other game in the Simulator or Fighting category got as impressive graphics as this PC game. This video game was initially released on September 14, 2011 date. This game is released for different well-known platforms like Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, Wii U, Arcade game, and PlayStation 5.
Tekken Tag Tournament 2 is equal to the Tekken fighting game in which players select two fighters to fight with. Players are also able to switch their fighters out at any time. To have many options for four players to play in a single match and various online modes.
Please Chak: Rugby Challenge 4 PC Game Download Full Version
Screenshots of Tekken Tag Tournament 2 Game:
Features of Tekken Tag Tournament 2 Game:
- High-Quality Graphics
- Best Soundtracks
- User-Friendly Interface
- Various items that can alter the gameplay
- Allowing players to choose
- 41 playable characters
- Single and multiplayer
Tekken Tag Tournament 2 PC Game System Requirements:
So, first, check below the complete system requirements.
- Operating System: Windows 98,2000, XP,7
- Processor: 1 GHz Processor
- RAM: 256 MB
- Hard Disk: 100 MB
- Graphics: 64 MB Video Card
How to download and install Tekken Tag Tournament 2 Game on Windows?
- Click on any active links
- You can download the game click on the download button
- After downloading full, you need to use WinRAR to extract
- Or you will direct download with the µTorrent link
- Now install the setup into windows and full the installation process
- It may take up to 1.5 hours to complete the installation
- After the installation is complete your game is ready to play
- Game enjoy playing it
Just click on the below link for downloading this amazing game with only one click.
Download Tekken Tag Tournament 2 for PC
Game Name: Tekken Tag Tournament 2
Supported Platforms: Windows 10,7, XP
Languages: ENG, FR, PL, IT, DE, RU

domain: game


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Try out our new iPhone application!
Manga is the Japanese equivalent of comics
with a unique style and following. Join the revolution! Read some manga today!
Coded in ConTEXT
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Kinu no Yuuwaku
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Had she no say in her destiny?
Lorne couldn't quite believe that her grandfather had practically pawned her in order to hold on to his precious LOasis, the plantation that lay on Razul al Kebir's land.
"You've no idea how ruthless men can be in pursuit of what they desire," Razul advised her by way of explanation the night her grandfather died. But Lorne learned quickly--and she knew enough to feel immediately threatened by her captor.
Razul was stealing her away to his desert kingdom as easily as a thief might steal a purse...and might discard her just as lightly.
A Silken Barbarity
Status in Country of Origin
1 Volume (Complete)
Anime Start/End Chapter
February 27th 2013, 1:25am PST
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N/A (Add some categories, baka!)
Serialized In (magazine)
Licensed (in English)
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domain: literature


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Who will Trump nominate to the Supreme Court?
The short answer is, someone on his published list, first issued this past May and expanded in October. I wrote about why we should anticipate that Trump will stick to the list for his first Supreme Court nominee, this month in the Daily Journal. My bottom line to those on the left (and a few on the right) who expect the worst of a Trump presidency:
Given what they fear from a Trump administration, I encourage my liberal and progressive friends to rediscover and embrace an independent judiciary that serves as a check on unilateral presidential action, that independently interprets the law rather than deferring to what the president says it reads, and which prioritizes constitutional governance and individual liberty over letting the president have his way simply because he is the president.
You can read the whole piece here if you are not a subscriber to the Daily Journal.
What to read next
In February, eight Black and Hispanic families filed a federal lawsuit challenging the Connecticut State Department of Education’s race-based enrollment quotas for Hartford’s magnet schools. This policy mandates that 25% of a … ›

domain: politics


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Engaging Best Kitchen Color With White Cabinets Images Of New On Decor 2016 Kitchen Wall Colors With White Cabinets
Foolproof Paint Colors for Every Room in the House - Real Simple
Farmhouse color scheme & paint colors for every room.
How to Choose the Right Paint Finish: Flat: Ceilings. Eggshell: Bedrooms, Living r
Valspar cream in my coffee -- How to Choose Interior Paint Colors for Your Home - Simple Made Pretty - Our Paint Colors

domain: design


UBC Theses and Dissertations
Verification of intensity modulated radiation therapy beams using a tissue equivalent plastic scintillator dosimetry system Petric, Martin Peter
This thesis describes the development and implementation of a novel method for the dosimetric verification of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) fields with several advantages over current techniques. Through the use of a tissue equivalent plastic scintillator sheet viewed by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, this method provides a truly tissue equivalent dosimetry system capable of efficiently and accurately performing field-by-field verification of IMRT plans. This work was motivated by an initial study comparing two IMRT treatment planning systems. The clinical functionality of BrainLAB’s BrainSCAN and Varian’s Helios IMRT treatment planning systems were compared in terms of implementation and commissioning, dose optimization, and plan assessment. Implementation and commissioning revealed differences in the beam data required to characterize the beam prior to use with the BrainSCAN system requiring higher resolution data compared to Helios. This difference was found to impact on the ability of the systems to accurately calculate dose for highly modulated fields, with BrainSCAN being more successful than Helios. The dose optimization and plan assessment comparisons revealed that while both systems use considerably different optimization algorithms and user-control interfaces, they are both capable of producing substantially equivalent dose plans. The extensive use of dosimetric verification techniques in the IMRT treatment planning comparison study motivated the development and implementation of a novel IMRT dosimetric verification system. The system consists of a water-filled phantom with a tissue equivalent plastic scintillator sheet built into the top surface. Scintillation light is reflected by a plastic mirror within the phantom towards a viewing window where it is captured using a CCD camera. Optical photon spread is removed using a micro-louvre optical collimator and by deconvolving a glare kernel from the raw images. Characterization of this new dosimetric verification system indicates excellent dose response and spatial linearity, high spatial resolution, and good signal uniformity and reproducibility. Dosimetric results from square fields, dynamic wedged fields, and a 7-field head and neck IMRT treatment plan indicate good agreement with film dosimetry distributions. Efficiency analysis of the system reveals a 50% reduction in time requirements for field-by-field verification of a 7-field IMRT treatment plan compared to film dosimetry.
Item Citations and Data


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All About Avocados
Also known as an alligator pear or butter fruit, avocados are actually a type of berry.
Avocados are a source of vitamins C, E, K, and B6, as well as riboflavin, niacin, folate, pantothenic acid, magnesium, and potassium. They also provide lutein, beta carotene, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Avocados contain high levels of healthy, beneficial fats, which can help a person feel fuller between meals. Eating fat slows the breakdown of carbohydrates, which helps keep blood sugar levels stable.
Roughly half an avocado, or 100 grams equals.
14.7 g of fat
8.5 g of carbohydrates
6.7 g of fiber
less than 1 g of sugar
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domain: food


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Extending the Growing Season Through Root Crops
The ability to sell product year-round can be critical to the health of a farm enterprise. But with a growing season that ends in October and November, the northeast offers few opportunities for vegetable farmers to generate income from agriculture over the winter months. During summer 2015, Cornell Cooperative Extension Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program (CCE ENYCHP) organized a root crops variety trial at the Hudson Valley Farm Hub this season. As part of the variety trial, thirty-one types of carrots, eighteen beets, and seven parsnips were evaluated for yield, appearance, color, taste, and storage ability.

domain: agronomy


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The primary purpose of the study was to assess whether physical activity (PA) habits change following 4 to 6 weeks of an early outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. A secondary purpose was to determine whether the PA habits differ on days attending CR versus not attending CR.
Fourteen men and 8 women completed the study (age = 65.6 ± 13.2 years, body mass index = 29.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2). Subjects wore an accelerometer during the entry and exit weeks of CR participation. Steps per day, activity counts per observation minute, percentage time spent inactive, light-intensity PA minutes per day, and moderate-intensity PA minutes per day were compared both at entry and exit from CR and on days attending CR and not attending CR.
From entry to exit of the early outpatient CR, patients increased total PA behavior (194.4 ± 2 to 217.8 ± 15.3 activity counts per observation minute) and time spent in moderate-intensity PA (13.9 ± 2.3 to 18.7 ± 2.5 min/d). Patients were more active, both in total activity (224.0 ± 15.6 activity counts per observation minute vs 188.2 ± 14.5 activity counts per observation minute) and in moderate intensity (19.7 ± 3.3 min/d vs 12.8 ± 2.0 min/d), on days they attended CR than on days they did not attend CR.
These data support the value of early outpatient CR programs for increasing patient PA levels, particularly moderate-intensity PA on days during which patients attended CR. Because PA targets for coronary risk reduction are not being achieved when patients exit CR, referral to a maintenance CR program and support for performing PA on days they do not attend CR become essential.

domain: medical


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Sunday, November 20, 2011
Ruby Blue designed the beautiful flower/brooch pendants as well as the headbands.
Love Baby J.
I love this photo of one of my favorite MiaMoo models! Her mommy is one talented photographer. This photo just SCREAMS Audrey Hepburn, don't ya think? I'll leave you with the product shots to give you a better view of this beautiful collection.
Don't forget to order yours in time for the holidays before its too late! This collection is Limited Edition. To order email me, or go to my FB Page, or leave me a comment here with your contact info.
Friday, November 4, 2011
You can order the necklace from me :) I have been making several holiday necklaces and custom designs to go with special Christmas dresses for pictures. Make sure to follow me on FB. I post just about every day. I've fallen behind in my blogging. Sorry!

domain: artistic


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USD/JPY Flirting With the 50 SMA, As Safe Havens Decline
Skerdian Meta • 1 min read
Safe havens have been in great demand this year, due to the uncertainty and the economic meltdown form the coronavirus. Gold surged to $2,075 while USD/JPY fell to 104 on Monday, despite a strong jump in the USD that day, which shows that the demand for the JPY has been quite high recently.
But, the decline stopped on Monday afternoon, after Jerome Powell’s comments that the US economic recovery is keeping up the pace. Gold crashed $80 lower that day, while USD/JPY made a reversal higher, having climbed more than 100 pips until now.
The 20 SMA (grey) was broken that day on the H4 time-frame chart and that moving average turned into support right away. Yesterday USD/JPY jumped higher again, bouncing off the 20 SMA. Today buyers are trying the 50 SMA (yellow) which rejeced the price in the first attempts, but buyers came back and now they are pushing the price above it again.
So, safe havens are retreating now, that’s the reason we opened a sell signal in Gold a while ago. If the 50 SMA gets broken here, then we will try to buy pullbacks from above at this moving average, which will likely turn into support now.

domain: finance


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39 NY Kids Contract Virus Linked to Polio-Like Illness, CDC Monitoring
A virus linked to a polio-like illness has been found in New York children. The CDC is confirming 62 cases of the illness, acute flaccid myeletis, in children. The cases are spread across 22 states.
The CDC says they have not been able to determine the cause of the sudden increase in cases, and says acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) can be caused by a variety of things including poliovirus, West Nile virus, and other viruses.
While cases of AFM have been on the rise across the United States, a virus linked to the disease has been confirmed in NY, where one child has been reported to have symptoms of AFM.
There have been outbreaks of AFM in previous years which coincided with an outbreak of the virus EV-D68. 39 children in New York have contracted EV-D68.
The New York State Department of Health says EV-D68 can cause mild to severe respiratory illness, or no symptoms at all. EV-D68 infection most commonly results in mild symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, cough, body aches and muscle aches. Severe symptoms, while less common, may include wheezing and difficulty breathing.
According to the CDC, AFM is rare, but it can lead to serious neurologic problems. You should seek medical care right away if you or your child develops any of these symptoms:
- weakness and loss of muscle tone and reflexes in the arms or legs
- facial droop or weakness
- difficulty moving the eyes
- drooping eyelids
- difficulty swallowing
- slurred speech


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Moving to the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
for a career change? International relocation is becoming a more common practice, especially in countries such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The United Arab Emirates (UAE), especially their city of Dubai, is an area of tremendous growth. UAE has formed warm alliances with many leading countries including the US.
A man made "eighth wonder of the world" has been built off the shore of Dubai. This is comprised of two huge islands built in the shape of palms. Corporate leaders, shopping extrodinaire, and beautiful beachfront homes are all part of this amazing creation. Moving to the UAE will find you in the midst of luxury and wealth.
Once you've decided on the household items or vehicles you will be shipping to the United Arab Emirates
(UAE), hire a professional in the international shipping industry to make the process easier. It's interesting that the working and shopping week in Dubai is usually Saturday to Wednesday, although some businesses do conduct business from Sunday to Thursday. You and the company you choose when shipping to the UAE should keep this in mind so that you plan accordingly when organizing your relocation. Don't even try to make an appointment on a Friday!
Be sure to give yourself several months to not only select a carrier for moving to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) but to work with them to get organized. The Ministry of Economy and Commerce requires proper documentation of the items you ship to the UAE, as well as the various Chambers of Commerce in the respective individual emirates. Your shipping professional will know what documentation is needed for moving to the United Arab Emirate.
Guide to Shipping from the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
- Inform yourself and compare quotes from leaders in the industry to assure a timely transition when moving from United Arab Emirates (UAE).
- Shipping from United Arab Emirates (UAE) requires proper preparation and adherence to documentation, and professionals can help you with the required documentation to ship from foreign countries.
- When you move from the UAE, all items exported must comply again with the regulations set forth by the Ministry of Economy and Commerce.
- Check to be sure the carrier you select insures the items you are moving from the UAE.
Compare Quotes and Save on Shipping to United Arab Emirates (UAE)
International shipping does not need to cause you stress! Here at ShipperWorldwide.com you will find information from the leaders in overseas shipping to easily review. You will receive up to 5 free quotes and save up to 35% on your move to the United Arab Emirates

domain: geography


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That should get some interest. We are less than two weeks away from the next NXT Takeover, though you might not know that given how little has been set for the show. The build for the show is going to be packed into just a few weeks and since nothing was set for the show last week, NXT is rapidly running out of time. They set something up this week though and it’s a pretty big one.
Earlier this month, Finn Balor won the NXT Title for the second time in a big match against Adam Cole. That was a very special moment for Balor, but it is also the start of something much harder as Cole now has to defend the title. There are a lot of wrestlers who could be coming after the title and now a new one is going to be getting a shot at the new champion in a major match.
This week on NXT, Kyle O’Reilly won the first ever Gauntlet Eliminator to become the new #1 contender for the NXT Title. The match was a combination of a gauntlet match and a Royal Rumble with five entrants coming in at set intervals and the last man standing being named #1 contender. O’Reilly won by last eliminating Cameron Grimes, earning the title shot at the October 4 Takeover.
O’Reilly looks sharp at the moment. Check out some of his better work:
Opinion: Works for me. O’Reilly has long since been thought of as a potential break out star in NXT and putting him in this spot is a good sign for his future. He’s only thirty three years old and is a former Ring of Honor World Champion, along with being part of perhaps the best tag team that NXT has ever had. That’s not too shabby and we could be in for a heck of a classic at Takeover.
What are you expecting from the match? Will O’Reilly ever be NXT Champion? Let us know in the comments below.
Thomas Hall has been a wrestling fan for over thirty years and has seen over 50,000 wrestling matches. He has also been a wrestling reviewer since 2009 with over 5,000 full shows covered. You can find his work at kbwrestlingreviews.com, or check out his- Amazon author page with 30 wrestling books. Get the latest and greatest in professional wrestling news by signing up for our daily email newsletter. Just look below for “GET EXCLUSIVE UPDATES” to sign up. Thank you for reading!

domain: news


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Counter-protests after the Charlottesville protests that erupted over the weekend. [Image: Zach gibson/Getty Image]
At the most recent violent gathering in Charlottesville, questions are being raised over the legitimacy of commemorating Confederate soldiers with monuments and statues. In the past Confederate symbols have become a rallying point for many white supremacist groups and sympathisers who oppose, among other things, the removal of these monuments.
Since April of 2016 only nine Confederate statues across the United States have been removed because there’s a long political process before it can be done.
According to the Southern Poverty Law Centre, 718 Confederate monuments and statues remain, with nearly 300 of them residing in Georgia, Virginia and North Carolina. The number of Confederate commemorative monuments across 31 US states is estimated to reach the thousands, with public parks, squares, schools and courthouses having been named after Confederates.
In this increasingly fraught political environment, we look into the men of the emboldened busts as a reminder of what was once fought and overcome in the dark history of our country’s closest ally.
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln won the election. Threatened by the prospect of freed slaves and the national government prohibiting slavery, Confederate sympathisers and Southern states seceded from the Union.
Consequently, the Civil war began in 1861, with the Confederate army (the army of the Confederate States of America during the Civil war) taking up arms against the Union Army.
1. Major John (‘The Gallant’) Pelham
Monument of Confederate Major at Jacksonville City Cemetery. A monument also stands in the town of Brandy Station, Virginia.
One of the son’s of an Alabama planter, Pelham’s father had several hundred acres of land and owned four slaves at the time of Pelham’s birth. By the time of the Emancipation Proclamation, Dr. Pelham owned around 30 slaves.
Pelham quit school at West point in 1861, to join the Confederacy. This came after Secretary of War Simon Cameron, directed that all West Point cadets pledge their allegiance to the United States of America.
Pelham refused and headed south.
He wrote of the war: “I see the horrors of war, but it’s necessary: We are battling for our rights and our homes. Ours is a just war, a holy cause. The invader must meet the fate he deserves and we must meet him as becomes us, as becomes men.”
Confederate Major Pelham was killed in a cavalry charge at the Battle of Kelly’s Ford.
2. Confederate President Jefferson Davis
Statue of Confederate President Jefferson Davis on Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia. As well as this statue, there are Jefferson Davis Memorial’s in both Georgia and Kentucky. [Image: Phil Riggan].
Jefferson Davis statue in New Orleans.
The statue was removed earlier this year under heavy police guard. [Image: Associated Press].
Jefferson Davis was the son of Samuel Emory Davis, owner of Rosemont at Woodville plantation in Mississippi. Davis himself became a planter in 1835, before being elected to the US House of Representatives.
Davis was in favour of the Dred Scott decision, which was handed down by Chief Justice Taney and strongly denounced those who opposed it.
“Instead of accepting the decision of this then august tribunal—the ultimate authority in the interpretation of constitutional questions—as conclusive of a controversy that had so long disturbed the peace and was threatening the perpetuity of the Union, it was flouted, denounced, and utterly disregarded by the Northern agitators, and served only to stimulate the intensity of their sectional hostility.”
In 1861, Davis resigned from the US House of Representatives and after his farewell speech to the US Senate he was chosen as the President of the Confederacy.
In his farewell address to the Senate Chamber in January of 1861 he wrote in defence of slavery, as well as stating the cause of his states secession: “She had heard proclaimed the theory that all men are created free and equal, and this made the basis of an attack upon her social institutions; and the sacred Declaration of Independence has been invoked to maintain the position of the equality of the races.”
In his memoirs published in 1881, he wrote: “As a mere historical fact, we have seen that African servitude among us ―confessedly the mildest and most humane of all institutions to which the name “slavery” has ever been applied―existed in all the original states, and that it was recognised and protected in the fourth article of the Constitution.”
For the most part, Davis held morally reprehensible views on slavery, having also written: “African slavery, as it exists in the United States, is a moral, a social, and a political blessing.”
“If slavery be a sin, it is not yours. It does not rest on your action for its origin, on your consent for its existence. It is a common law right to property in the service of man; its origin was Divine decree.”
3. John C. Breckinridge
Monument of John C. Breckinridge in Lexington, Kentucky.
It was only recently that Lexington Mayor, Jim Gray spoke of relocating the Confederate monument of Breckinridge, in addition to the monument of John Hunt Morgan.
Mayor Gray referenced the violence in Charlottesville as having led him to announce the plans, telling CBS News, “Mayors are on the razor’s edge. When you see the tension, when you see the violence that we saw… in Charlottesville, then you know that we must act.”
John C. Breckinridge was a well known senator from Kentucky. In 1860 he ran as a presidential candidate for the Southern Faction of the Democratic Party, against Abraham Lincoln. He campaigned on a pro-slavery platform, as well as federal intervention to protect slaveholders in the territories; he was also vocal in his support of maintaining the Union’s, despite the developing conflict and Southern secession. Breckinridge lost the presidency to Lincoln and became the 14th Vice President of the United States, having served from 1857 to 1861.
Breckinridge joined the Confederacy in 1861 and served as a Confederate Field General for the most part of the war. In 1865 he was appointed to Confederate Secretary of War.
Breckinridge’s father was a former US Secretary of State and his mother was the granddaughter of John Witherspoon (a signer of the Declaration of Independence).
Breckinridge considered slavery to be a political issue, rather than a moral one. An example of this is his support of the ‘Popular Sovereignty‘ doctrine, a solution coined by Michigan democrat Lewis Cass. The doctrine advocated for the people of territories to decide for themselves whether slavery should or would be permitted.
4. John Hunt Morgan
Statue of Confederate General John Hunt Morgan in Lexington, Kentucky. The statue of John Hunt Morgan has been brought into talks by Lexington Mayor Jim Gray for its relocation.
Known as ‘Thunderbolt of the Confederacy’, Morgan was a hemp manufacturer and a ‘successful’ buyer and seller of slaves in Kentucky.
He established and equipped a militia company called the ‘Lexington Rifles’ and immediately answered the call on behalf of the Southern Confederacy.
Morgan was a prominent Confederate cavalry officer whose story is often romanticised in the South. But the Confederate General died in battle fighting to preserve slavery.
5. Roger B. Taney
The monument of Confederate and former Chief Justice Roger B. Taney presides on the front lawn of the Maryland State House. House speaker Michael E. Busche has announced it’s time to remove the statue of Taney from the Maryland State House grounds.
Roger B. Taney is Maryland’s most prominent Confederate monument.
As the son of Michael Taney, a politician and planter, the Taney family had been slaveholding planters since their first ancestors arrived in Maryland in the 1660s.
In 1835 Taney was nominated to the Supreme Court and in 1857 handed down his 55-page opinion in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sandford case, a decision that kept slavery legal and denied citizenship for black people.
Taney’s opinion stated that Scott was a slave and reiterated the Southern Democratic defence of slaves being kept as property. Taney viewed citizenship as being attached to birth or naturalisation. He concluded that few blacks met this criteria and after the Dred Scott decision, some states passed laws that significantly limited the civil rights of free blacks.
Taney’s opinion in the Dred Scott case supplanted the South’s defence of slavery and forced the divide between the Northern Democrats even further.
6. General ‘Stonewall’ Jackson
The monument of Confederate General Thomas J. ‘Stonewall’ Jackson on Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia.
One of the most successful Civil war generals, Jackson seceded from his home state and the Union in 1861 to join the Confederate Army.
Prior to the war he as a professor of artillery tactics and natural philosophy in Lexington. He spread the Gospel to slaves and even held a Sunday school for slaves in his home and then later in the church.
He earn’t the nickname ‘Stonewall’ in 1861 when one of his generals said, “Look, men, there is Jackson standing like a stone wall!”
Jackson joined Robert E. Lee’s army in 1862 and became a key part of his army.
Historians have struggled with making conclusions about Jackson’s moral positioning. It seemed Breckinridge had significant relationships with slave families throughout his upbringing and as a preacher, but he also grappled with Scriptures recording slaveholding across the world. Jackson’s rationale was if the Bible condoned it, it would have to be acceptable.
7. Nathan Bedford Forrest
The odd-looking statue of Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest installed on a private property in Nashville, Tennessee.
Monument of General Forrest in a Memphis public park is being considered for removal.
Forrest made his living as a cotton planter and a slave trader. In the years following 1845 Forrest was said to have been one of the richest men in Tennessee because of his dealings in cotton, land and slaves.
During the war, where he was a premier soldier and Lieutenant General for the Confederate army, he was nicknamed the ‘Wizard of the Saddle.’ But after the war he was elected as the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. Although he later left the KKK and renounced his racist past, testifying this before a Joint Congressional Committee in 1871.
In Tennessee’s Capitol, there is a copper bust of Forrest where his role as a Confederate general is noted, although his ties to the KKK are omitted.
8. Robert E. Lee
At the heart of the ‘United the Right’ rally in Charlottesville in Virginia on August 12th, the statue of Robert E. Lee has been considered for removal. [Image: Bryan McKenzie/AP].
An elusive historical figure, Lee inherited slaves from his mother and married into one of the wealthiest slave-holding families in Virginia.
Documents and accounts reveal that Lee was an intentionally cruel slave owner that commonly encourage beatings after slaves tried to escape.
The circulating myths that regarded Lee’s involvement in the Civil war as being for a cause other than the protection to own slaves has been refuted by a number of American history professors who have called it ‘white washing’.
In 1856 Lee wrote in a letter that slavery was: “A moral and political evil.” But much like General ‘Stonewall’ Jackson, Lee still believed that it was God’s divine purpose and therefore opposed human intervention.
Lee also wrote: “The blacks are immeasurably better off here than in Africa, morally, physically, socially. The painful discipline they are undergoing is necessary for their further instruction as a race, and will prepare them, I hope, for better things.”
There are currently 109 public schools named for Robert E. Lee.
There is only one question we should be asking and that is, do we really want to be commemorating these figures with brass and pedestals?

domain: history


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Latest about Ubuntu
Microsoft and publisher of Ubuntu team up to deliver cost-effective data management on Azure
By Sean Endicott published
Microsoft and Canonical announced support for Microsoft SQL Server with Ubuntu Pro on Microsoft Azure. The support helps deliver a cost-effective solution for enterprise data management.
Linux is now a viable OS for PC gamers, thanks to Steam's Proton initiative
By Rich Edmonds last updated
You may think PC gaming on Linux is still light years behind Windows 10, and that may be the reason you may not have tried out a distro like Ubuntu, but I'm here to tell you otherwise.
You'll soon be able to run Ubuntu on Windows 10
By Harish Jonnalagadda last updated
There are programs available that let you run the bash shell on Windows, and it now looks like Microsoft is partnering with Canonical to bring Ubuntu to Windows 10.
All the latest news, reviews, and guides for Windows and Xbox diehards.
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A man was killed early today when he was hit by a freight train in Laurel, an accident that briefly shut down MARC commuter trains and caused delays for at least 1,500 commuters between Baltimore and Washington.
Police released few details of the incident, which occurred about 2:50 a.m. at Main Street and Lafayette Avenue in Prince George's County near the Howard County line.
Laurel police said the unidentified man was struck by a northbound CSX freight train and pronounced dead at the scene.
Jim Epperlein, of the Mass Transit Administration, said one MARC train headed to Washington and two trains going to Baltimore were canceled. Others, he said, experienced delays of one to two hours.
North and southbound tracks were shut down in Laurel from 5:30 to 7:30 a.m. Mr. Epperlein said passengers were forced to wait aboard trains until authorities allowed one track to open on the Camden line.
To compensate, MARC allowed its express train, which usually operates nonstop between BWI Airport and Washington, to make stops in Odenton, Bowie, Seabrook and New Carrollton. That train runs on the Penn line.
"We got the word out early enough," Mr. Epperlein said. "Basically, for most customers, we were looking at about a 60-minute delay.


Ford F-150 is a large pickup truck model produced by Ford Motor Company of the United States, which is popular for its powerful power, solid chassis and spacious cargo space. As a heavy-duty vehicle, emissions control on the Ford F-150 is especially important. Replacing a 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor is one of the most common procedures performed during vehicle maintenance. So after replacing the oxygen sensor, what tests are needed to ensure the vehicle is working properly?
Basic test after replacing 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor on Ford F-150
After replacing a 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor, vehicle owners should perform some basic tests to ensure that the sensor is functioning properly. First, a system clear can be performed, where the vehicle’s DTCs are cleared through a scan tool to ensure that any previous error messages have been eliminated. Owners can then perform a short-distance test to ensure that the sensor responds properly during cold starts and warm conditions. In addition, idling and high-speed driving tests can be carried out to check the accuracy and stability of the sensor under various working conditions.
Ford F-150 Replacement 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor Rear Emission Detection and Fuel Economy Test
Ford F-150 should undergo emissions testing and fuel economy testing after replacing the 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor. Emission testing is an important means to ensure that vehicle emission levels meet environmental standards. Through emission detection, Ford F-150 owners can verify whether the 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor is working normally, and whether the combustion process of the engine is in an optimal state, so as to ensure that the emission of the vehicle is controlled within a reasonable range.
In addition, the fuel economy test can evaluate the fuel consumption performance of the vehicle. The accuracy and stability of the sensors directly affect the fuel economy of the vehicle. In the test, Ford F-150 owners can observe the vehicle’s fuel consumption performance and compare it with normal conditions to determine whether the 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor has had a positive impact on fuel economy.
To sum up, after replacing the 250-25136 O2 Oxygen Sensor, it is very necessary for Ford F-150 owners to perform a series of tests. Through basic sensor testing and emission detection, car owners can ensure that the vehicle’s emissions are controlled within a reasonable range, maintain environmental protection and obtain a better driving experience. In addition, fuel economy testing can also help car owners evaluate the performance of oxygen sensors to make more informed vehicle maintenance decisions. For Ford F-150 owners, paying attention to the working status of the oxygen sensor is an important part of ensuring the long-term stable operation of the vehicle.


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Open Mind Pakistan, Telenor Pakistan’s unique special trainee program for enhancing awareness, accessibility and inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs), has been recognized as a best-practice case in an international research report, entitled ‘Mainstreaming persons with disabilities in Pakistan’, commissioned by the British Council. The report examines the challenges, opportunities and policy issues affecting PWDs in Pakistan. Telenor Pakistan is outlined as a case study for its attempts to formulate an empowering model for PWDs which is the first of its kind in Pakistan.
Open Mind, under Telenor Pakistan’s flagship program for persons with disabilities – Khuddar Pakistan – has successfully translated into an effective mechanism of integrating PWDs in the mainstream corporate world and thus strengthening their prospects for future employment. “Telenor, one of Pakistan’s largest mobile-phone companies, has been able to learn from the employment practices at its headquarters in Norway to introduce a scheme for employees with disabilities,” the report states.

domain: sociology


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"Our journeys have been directed in so many different ways, but yet we are still standing here embracing each other as if we haven't lost any time," was what Kyrie Irving said at his naming ceremony, where he returned to his Rock Sioux tribe Thursday and given the Lakota name Little Mountain. He continued "It's really special for me to be here because I lost my mom at a very young age, and I had no idea about the history and how inclusive this group is and what it means to part of the Sioux tribe."
Wearing a traditional shirt with ribbons, Irving stood on a buffalo skin and was prayed over by a tribe elder, Vernon Iron Horse. As a drum group played and chanted, Irving was wrapped in a blanket, had an eagle feather tied into his hair along with a medicine ball made of porcupine quills, and had a beaded medallion placed over his head as his name was revealed to him. Read more here.


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Round finishing chili
Round refinement Chili - handmade spiced chocolate
Intensely red, the pod sharpens our senses and strengthens our heart and circulation.
Provides warmth and good taste in winter!
Manufactured in a facility that processes gluten, protein, nuts and peanuts.
Store cool and dry.
We recommend enjoying it soon, as our products are made from fresh ingredients and are free of preservatives.
Cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa butter, chili oil, natural vanilla, emulsifier: soy lecithin, cocoa content in the couverture 62%
100g = €7.56


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- Section 409A Compliance Review: Stock Options and Other Equity-Based Compensation Plans
- June 6, 2007 | Author: David G. O'Leary
- Law Firm: Holland & Knight LLP - Chicago Office
On April 10, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service issued the long awaited Final Regulations under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. Section 409A, which became effective January 1, 2005, may have a significant impact on stock option plans and other equity-based compensation plans and arrangements. It affects both public and private employers. It applies to agreements with a single employee as well as to plans and arrangements covering multiple employees, and it covers independent contactors as well as employees.
Although Section 409A became effective January 1, 2005, the IRS permitted employers and other plan sponsors to delay the amendment of the plan or arrangement until issuance of the Final Regulations, provided that they administer the plan or arrangement in good faith compliance with the requirements of Section 409A during the interim period. Now that the Final Regulations have been issued, all affected plans and agreements must be amended to conform to the requirements of Section 409A prior to December 31, 2007. The IRS has indicated this compliance date will not be extended.
Failure to comply with the requirements of 409A may result in substantial penalties for employees and other service providers who are parties to stock option plans and other equity- based deferred compensation plans and arrangements. Employees and other service providers may be liable for (a) income taxes on all amounts deferred in the current and prior years; (b) interest on the tax from the date the amount was first deferred or vested; and (c) additional penalties equal to 20 percent of the deferred amounts included in the employee or service provider’s income.
If, at any time during the taxable year, an equity-based deferred compensation plan fails to meet the requirements of Section 409A, or it is not operated in accordance with those requirements, all amounts deferred for the taxable year, and all preceding taxable years, are includable in gross income of the employee or service provider for such taxable year, to the extent not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture and not previously included in gross income. Such amounts are also subject to interest and an additional income tax. Interest is computed at the IRS underpayment rate, plus one percentage point. The additional income tax is equal to 20 percent of the compensation required to be included in gross income.
All Equity-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements Should Be Reviewed Immediately
All stock option plans, stock appreciation rights plans (SARs), phantom stock plans, restricted stock plans and other equity-based plans and arrangements must be carefully reviewed to determine (a) if they are subject to the requirements of Section 409A and (b) if they are, what amendments are necessary. For those plans and arrangements that are subject to Section 409A, there is a transition period until December 31, 2007, which may provide plan sponsors with significant planning opportunities.
STEP ONE: Determine if the equity-based plans and arrangements are exempt from the requirements of 409A.
Amounts deferred under an equity based plan or arrangement will be subject to Section 409A unless: (a) the plan or arrangement qualifies under one of the statutory exemptions; (b) the amounts are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture; or (c) the plan or arrangement is grandfathered.
1. Statutory exemptions.
Certain stock option plans and other equity compensation plans and arrangements are specifically exempt from the requirements of Section 409A. These exemptions are the following:
• Statutory stock options (ISOs) and employee stock purchase plans
This includes plans which provide for the grant of an incentive stock option, as described in Section 422 of the Code, and the grant of an option under an employee stock purchase plan described in Section 423 of the Code.
• Certain non-statutory stock options
A non-statutory stock option is exempt from 409A only if: (i) the exercise price is never less than the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date the option is granted; (ii) the receipt, transfer or exercise of the option is subject to tax under Section 83 of the Code; and (iii) the option does not include any separate feature for the deferral of compensation other than the deferral of the recognition of income of the option.
• Certain stock appreciation rights
The grant of stock appreciation rights is exempt from 409A only if: (i) the compensation payable under the stock appreciation right does not exceed the difference between the fair market value of the stock on the date of the grant and the fair market value of the stock on the date of exercise; (ii) the stock appreciation right exercise price does not exceed the fair market value of the underlying stock; and (iii) the stock appreciation right does not include any feature for the deferral of compensation other than the deferral of the recognition of income on the exercise of the stock appreciation right.
• Restricted property and stock plans covered by Code Section 83
Section 409A does not apply to restricted property and stock plans covered by Section 83 if (i) the restricted property is non-transferable and subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture and is, therefore, not currently includable in income under Section 83 by the service provider; or (ii) the restricted property is includable in income under Code Section 83 solely because a valid election was made by the service provider under Section 83(b).
Note: To be exempt, stock options and SARs must have an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date. An accurate determination of fair market value of stock is necessary when determining if stock options, stock appreciation rights and other equity-based compensation agreements are exempt from Section 409A. Section 409A has specific rules for determining fair market value. In general, if the stock is readily tradable on an established securities market, the fair market value of the stock may be determined with respect to actual transactions immediately before or after the grant or exercise, so long as the determination is made on a reasonable basis, consistently applied. In addition, an average price during a specified time period within 30 days before or after the grant or exercise can be used if the commitment to grant the stock right based on such valuation method is irrevocable before the beginning of the specified period and the valuation method is consistently applied. In the case of stock that is not readily tradable on an established securities market, the value must be determined by the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method. The Final Regulations under Section 409A set forth several permissible valuation methods.
2. Benefits are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture.
Equity-based compensation is subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture (and therefore not subject to Section 409A) if the service provider’s receipt of payment of an amount of compensation is conditioned upon (a) the performance of substantial future services by any person, or (b) the occurrence of a condition related to the purpose of the compensation, and the possibility of forfeiture is substantial. An amount will not be considered subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture beyond the time in which the service provider could have elected to receive the compensation. An amount is not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture merely because the right to the amount is conditioned, directly or indirectly, upon the refraining from performance of services (i.e., a non-compete agreement).
A substantial risk of forfeiture will be disregarded if it is used to manipulate the timing of the inclusion of income or if it is illusory. It will also be disregarded if the enforcement of the forfeiture is not likely to occur. This is a possible problem if the service provider is a substantial shareholder or exercises control over the service recipient.
Once the substantial risk of forfeiture lapses, the plan or arrangement is no longer exempt from 409A (unless one of the other Section 409A exemptions applies, such as short-term deferrals) and the documents and operations of the plan or arrangement must comply with the requirements of Section 409A.
For example, if a stock option plan provides that a participant will vest in his or her account at the rate of 0 percent for the first two years of employment and 25 percent per year thereafter, with 100 percent vesting after six years, the plan would be exempt from Section 409A for the first two years. However, in year three, the plan would have to comply with the requirements of Section 409A.
3. Benefits are grandfathered.
Stock options and other equity-based compensation in which the participant has a legally binding right to receive payments and which are fully vested and non-forfeitable on January 1, 2005, and earnings thereon, are “grandfathered” and not subject to Section 409A unless the plan or arrangement is materially modified after October 3, 2004. A plan is materially modified if a benefit or right existing on October 3, 2004, is enhanced or a new benefit or right is added. Amending a plan to conform to the requirements of Section 409A is not considered a material modification. However, amending a plan to add a provision permitted by Section 409A, such as permitting distributions upon a change in control, if the provision wasn’t previously in the plan, is considered a material modification.
For example, if in January 2003, a participant in a stock option plan was granted stock options to acquire 100 shares of the company’s stock at a price of $50 per share, the participant was fully vested in such right on December 31, 2004, and no material modification was made to the options, the value of such options (and any increase in value thereof) would be exempt from Section 409A.
STEP TWO: If plan or arrangement is not exempt from Section 409A, review for compliance with Section 409A.
Generally, Section 409A substantially limits the discretion of the employee or the plan sponsor as to the timing and methods of payments under stock options and other equity compensation plans and arrangements.
1. Determine if the underlying stock qualifies as “service recipient stock.”
Section 409A requires that the underlying stock qualify as “service recipient stock.” Generally, any class of common stock will qualify, even if there are transferability restrictions or buyback rights at fair market value. However, preferred stock and common stock with certain preferences, such as dividend rights, will not qualify. In general, service recipient stock includes stock of the employer and any company in an upward chain that has a controlling interest in the employer. As a result, grants of stock in brother-sister companies and grants of a subsidiary’s stock to employees of a parent company should be reviewed carefully.
2. Determine if the plan or arrangement permits exercise of options or distributions of benefits only upon the occurrence of a permitted “event.”
One of the most significant effects of 409A has to do with the time and form of payments. One of the most common provisions of stock option plans and other deferred compensation plans and agreements was to provide the service provider or the service recipient (sometimes both) with substantial discretion as to when and how the stock options would be exercised. This discretion has been substantially restricted.
Under Section 409A, at the time a stock option is granted or an amount is deferred, the plan documents must specify the amounts to be paid and the time and form of payment. Amounts may be paid or stock options exercised only upon the occurrence of one or more of the following “events,” and the “events” must be properly defined in the plan documents:
• Separation from service
Generally, an employee is deemed to have separated from service with the service recipient when the employee dies, retires or otherwise has a termination of employment with the service recipient. An independent contractor is deemed to have separated from service with the service recipient upon the expiration of the contract (or, if more than one contract, all contracts) under which services are performed for the service recipient if the expiration constitutes a good-faith and complete termination of the contractual relationship.
• The date an employee becomes disabled
An employee is considered disabled if the employee: (i) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months; or (ii) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three months under an accident and health plan covering employees of the service recipient.
• A specified time or pursuant to a fixed schedule described in the plan
To qualify, the amounts must be paid or the options exercised at a specific time or pursuant to a fixed schedule that is objectively determinable at the time the amount is deferred or the stock option is granted. Any subsequent change in the fixed time or schedule will constitute a change in the time and form of payment, subject to the subsequent deferral election requirements.
• The death of the employee
The death of the employee is a distributable event.
• A change in control
The Regulations under Section 409A define what constitutes a change in ownership, a change in the effective control or a change in the ownership of the assets of a service recipient.
• The occurrence of an unforeseeable emergency
An “unforeseeable emergency” is a severe financial hardship to the employee resulting from an illness or accident of the employee or his immediate family. An “unforeseeable emergency” also includes loss of property due to casualties or similar extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as the result of events beyond the control of the employee. Amounts payable for an unforeseeable emergency must not exceed the amount necessary to satisfy such emergency, plus applicable taxes on such payment.
3. If the plan or arrangement involves a public company, make sure the plan provides that payments to “specified employees” will be delayed for six months.
A plan subject to 409A must prohibit payments on account of separation from service to a “specified employee” prior to a date that is six months after the date of such employee’s separation from service (or, if earlier, the date of death of the specified employee). A specified employee is generally defined to mean a key employee (as that term is defined under Section 416(i) of the Code) of a publicly-traded corporation. Section 416(i) of the Code provides that a key employee generally includes up to 50 officers of the employer having annual compensation greater than $130,000 (indexed, $145,000 for 2007), 5 percent owners and 1 percent owners having annual compensation greater than $150,000.
4. Determine if plan or arrangement permits an acceleration of the payment of benefits or the exercise of stock options.
Section 409A generally provides that no acceleration of the time or schedule of any payment or exercise of any option may be allowed, except (a) payments pursuant to a domestic relations order, as defined in Code Section 414(p)(1)(b); (b) payments pursuant to a certificate of divestiture, as defined in Code Section 1043(b)(2); (c) a de minimis amount if the payment is not greater than $10,000 and represents the payment of a participant’s entire benefit; (d) payments of FICA taxes on vested balances (e) payments made to avoid a non-allocation year under Code Section 409(p); and (f) payments linked to qualified plans.
If a plan or arrangement is terminated, acceleration of payments is permitted if: (a) all like plans or arrangements are terminated; (b) no payments are made for 12 months following the termination date; (c) all distributions occur within 24 months following plan termination; and (d) no similar type plan or arrangement is adopted for five years following the date of termination. Different requirements apply when a plan is terminated in connection with a change of control.
5. Review provisions pertaining to a delay in the payment of benefits or exercise of stock options.
Generally, under 409A, delay of payments or exercise of options is not permitted. However, if the payment would violate loan covenants or other contractual terms that would cause material harm to the service provider the payment may be delayed. Also, payments may be delayed in the event of bona fide disputes between the service provider and the service recipient or upon the dissolution or bankruptcy of the service recipient. In some instances, a delay based on the terms of an escrow or similar arrangement is permitted.
Also, if the period during which a stock option or stock appreciation right is exercisable is shortened due to a separation from service or other reason, the term may be extended to the earlier of the original maximum term of the option or 10 years from the original grant date.
6. Review provisions pertaining to a delay in the changes to the timing or form of benefit payments or exercise of stock options.
Generally, an election which changes either the time or form of distribution must meet all of the following requirements:
• the change must not take effect until at least 12 months after the date on which the election to make the change is made
• if the change relates to a distribution payable upon (a) the service provider’s separation from service, (b) a specified time or (c) a change of control, then the first payment with respect to which such election is made must be deferred for a period of at least five years from the date the payment otherwise would have been made
• if the change relates to a distribution which otherwise was to be paid at a specified time or pursuant to a fixed schedule, the election must be made at least 12 months before the date of the first scheduled payment
The discussion in this article is only a brief overview of the review process necessary to determine whether a stock option plan or other equity-based compensation plan or arrangement must be amended to conform to the provisions of Section 409A. The requirements of Section 409A are very complex and confusing. To receive further information, or to arrange for a more detailed review of your equity-based deferred compensation plans and arrangements, please contact your Holland & Knight attorney.


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With new perfumers there are times they want to just turn the volume up and see where it leaves them. Most of the time it leaves a poorly constructed mess akin to too many people talking at the same time all trying to gain your attention. That style of perfumery wears me out. Less of the time the balance is struck precisely right and I walk away thinking that shouldn’t have worked but it did. Even more rarely is a perfume which teeters on the edge of olfactory cacophony and perfumed precision managing to stay poised on the knife edge of good and bad. The second release from Unum called Opus 1144 is one of those balancing acts.
When I reviewed the first Unum perfume LAVS I praised perfumer and owner Filippo Sorcinelli for keeping it simple. In Opus 1144 Sig. Sorcinelli is anything but unassuming in his construction. Opus 1144 is over stuffed with ideas. Sig. Sorcinelli wanted to reach back to the beginning of Gothic architecture and culture’s beginnings in 1144. The result is a fragrance full of detail some of which almost makes no sense only to find its place in time.
The opening is as soft as Opus 1144 gets as Sig. Sorcinelli uses bergamot, tangerine, elemi and vanilla to sweeten the citrus. It makes it reminiscent of a candy cream felling almost gourmand-like very early on. That gets washed away on a tide of intense amber and Cashmere woods, actually not exactly as the vanilla hangs in there making this a very sweet amber for a long while in the heart. These early moments tread up to the limit of my sweetness tolerance. I imagine for some it will cross that line. If you allow just a little more time Sig. Sorcinelli abandons the sweet and goes for the animalic as musks and leather are combined with benzoin and ambergris. It forms an accord full of life pulsing with its own heartbeat. The dramatic switch from sweet to animalic is one of my favorite parts of Opus 1144 because it is done with a subtle shift of components and not a whiplash inducing snap.
Opus 1144 has 14-16 hour longevity and moderate sillage.
Opus 1144 has one of the characteristics I look for in perfumes; the ability to change dramatically over the hours I am wearing it without feeling like it is just going through the motions. I felt the real shifting of notes as they would move towards their next stage of development. This is what I was talking about in the first paragraph in a different perfume all of this would’ve felt like a mess. In Opus 1144 it feels like a huge homage to all things Gothic.
Disclosure: This review was based on a sample I received at Esxence 2015.
You’ve definitely heard of fruity floral but have you heard of a fruity aquatic? You have but they are not encountered that often. When you do find them it is usually just an infusion of basic fruits onto a Calone foundation. For the new brand Orlov Paris one of their debut releases, Sea of Light, is something slightly different.
Like all of the Orlov Paris perfumes they are named after a real-life diamond. This perfume is inspired by the Daria-i-Noor (Sea of Light in Persian) 182 carat pink diamond that might, or might not, have been one of the Iranian Crown Jewels. The actual stone has a tumultuous history including where it can be found today. Either a vault in Dhaka, Bangladesh or Tehran, Iran. It is a stunning looking diamond with the pale pink color adding in a subtle shading and nuance to the natural brilliance of the diamond. Perfumer Dominique Ropion would be inspired to layer a pale shade of fruitiness over a brilliantly sparkling white musk and sea spray accord.
Sea of Light stands out among the five debut perfumes of Orlov Paris for that lightness. The others have the heft of the huge gems they are named after. Sea of Light has the facets of light captured within the cut of the Daria-i-Noor tinted with the watercolor pink.
Sea of Light opens with petitgrain leavened with mandarin. This is a common citrus opening and it is executed here by M. Ropion as if it is a reflection of the light caught in the stone. It pulses with a pinpoint radiance. M. Ropion brings in two stalwarts from the fruity floral category, peach and blackcurrant, to provide a deeper fruit. The peach has its more fizzy nature brought to the fore again evoking the light effects across the surface of a piece of jewelry. The blackcurrant provides the only point of shadow in the whole composition as it tries to dim the shine, unsuccessfully. This leads to the base which is my favorite part of Sea of Light. Here M. Ropion takes a soft combination of white musks and keeps them from being as high-pitched as they can often be. This soft skin accord is then covered with the spray of the ocean as it dries in the sun. It forms an overall accord of the smell of skin covered in the mist off the ocean.
Sea of Light has 10-12 hour longevity and above average sillage.
As I already mentioned Sea of Light stands out for being the lightest fragrance in the debut Orlov Paris collection. It also stands out for M. Ropion’s take on the aquatic genre which is surprisingly made better with a fruit cocktail bobbing on the water. The entire debut collection will be coming to stores this month and if you want one to wear right now in the summer Sea of Light should be where you start.
Disclosure: This review was based on a sample provided by Orlov Paris at Esxence 2015.
Editor’s Note: If you are going to be attending Cosmoprof in Las Vegas over July 12-14, 2015 Orlov Paris will be one of the perfumes featured in the Discover Scent exhibit curated by Karen Dubin and Karen Adams of Sniffapalooza.
I like leather perfumes in all of their many iterations. Whether it is suede soft or raw untanned skin I find the accords perfumers come up with to evoke leather one of the more interesting aspects of this style of fragrance. One perfumer who has evolved his leather accord over the last few years is Bertrand Duchaufour.
There have been distinct stages to M. Duchaufour’s leather accord and over the last few releases it seems like he has settled on one he likes best and tunes it to whatever effect he desires. Having followed this process there were a couple of the earlier rougher iterations I also liked. For his second perfume for The Vagabond Prince, Land of Warriors, M. Duchaufour takes all of his leather accords and combines them into a leather perfume lover’s smorgasbord.
The description of the notes for Land of Warriors lists three separate leather accords; vegetal leather, mineral and spicy leather, animalic leather, and smoky leather. Each of these by themselves are quite wonderful but in Land of Warriors they overstuff it a bit as the four accords clunk a little bit through the transitions. Land of Warriors is at its best when one of those leather accords is right out front. It gets muddled when a couple of them start to tussle for attention.
The first accord is the vegetal one. M. Duchaufour turns to three of his most-used ingredients to compose this; angelique seed, tomato leaf, and blackcurrant bud. The accord these notes form has the odor of well used leather gardening gloves as the scent of crushed green things mixes with sweaty leather. This is a very challenging accord as it has some rough edges to it. The sticky green of the blackcurrant stays just the right side of not smelling urinous but it is a close thing as the strength of the accord wants to drag it into the WC. It is a very bold choice to open with this especially when the second accord starts to appear. Again M. Duchaufour is working with some of his favorite ingredients like frankincense, davana, cistus, and saffron. The name promises mineral but I get mostly spicy on my skin. It should work better but the significant amount of oakwood absolute tilts this into woody spicy territory. My favorite of the accords is the third one the animalic accord. It is simple as M. Duchaufour uses castoreum and ambergris. The ambergris provides a neat bit of aquatic while the castoeum provides the primitive animal quality. The final accord is a typical styrax and birch tar accord. It is unctuous and I can feel the slow goopy bubbles quietly popping on the surface of the tar pot. The animalic and the smoky finish Land of Warriors on a high note.
Land of Warriors has 19-12 hour longevity and below average sillage.
I like Land of Warriors but this is a fragrance I feel like I should’ve loved. What is holding me back is the transitions are very distinct. I would have enjoyed a bit more of a nuanced transition instead of the punctuated phases. Even so there is a lot to like here for anyone who likes leather perfumes, not the least of which is the sort of Duchauforian master class on leather accords present. If you’re patient with the awkward moments the in-between moments are worth the effort.
Dsiclosure: This review was based on a sample provided by The Vagabond Prince.
One of my favorite books is “The Electric Kool-aid Acid Test” by Tom Wolfe. It chronicles the adventures of Ken Kesey and his band of counterculture heroes The Merry Pranksters as they travel on their bus. They used LSD and other psychedelics to see what they could learn from the trip or “test”. One of the trio of debut fragrances from Malbrum called Psychotrope is its own version of a perfume “test”.
Creative director Kristian Hilberg and perfumer Delphine Thierry were interested in creating a very synthetic fragrance experience with Psychotrope. Mme Thierry combines some of the more expansive synthetic aromachemicals to evoke a mind-expanding experience. Through the first few months of 2015 I have been pleasantly surprised at the number of perfumes which are wearing their synthetic building blocks in an overt way. I have noticed in these perfumes that these synthetic materials provide a prominent post-modern feel. Psychotrope achieves this vibe by letting the synthetics fill up every available space leaving nothing else to experience.
Psychotrope opens with a powerful slug of cypress. There is no gentle warm-up as Mme Thierry lets it hit you with a woody rush swathed in pimento and elemi. You’ll have to hunt for those because the cypress really does push everything out of its way. Cashmeran forms the core of the heart and it also dominates the landscape. This time the other notes of incense and saffron find a way to shade the power down a couple notches. The saffron sometimes feels like a hallucination as it tends to flit in and out on my skin. When it is there it really completes the heart. Into the base Ambrinol and Timbersilk form a smooth woody foundation enhanced with a sandalwood synthetic. This is where the synthetics really feel like they are filling up every bit of the olfactory horizon. Mme Thierry manages to achieve this effect without letting these aromachemicals become so dominant it feels like a perfume chemistry project. On the contrary it seems once you have a certain amount of synthetics in a professional perfumer’s hands these intense notes find another softer form. This is the third perfume in the first six months of 2015 I have observed this effect with. These focused synthetics can form something unexpectedly delicate without forfeiting structure. It makes wearing these perfumes an interesting experience.
Psychotrope has 18-24 hour longevity and average sillage.
I don’t have a preference in the never-ending debate of synthetic v. natural. My preference is for interesting compositions and both deliver that experience to me. Psychotrope is another all-synthetic perfume which has opened my eyes to the real potential of what can be achieved in skilled hands. Mme Thierry and Psychotrope have expanded my perfumed mind.
Disclosure: This review was based on a sample provided by Malbrum at Esxence 2015.
I love sushi and am an avid proselytizer when trying to get those reluctant to try eating raw fish to let me guide them through it. The one thing I warn all of them is my favorite final piece of any sushi outing is something only for those who really like sushi. I order sea urchin in a hand roll topped with a raw quail’s egg. The overall texture of this as sea urchin, or uni as it is called in Japanese, is very soft can be challenging. Combine this with the smell of fresh sea urchin which has a strong iodine component along with a distinct briny smell. I love the smell of fresh uni it feels like the living ocean to me. I can honestly say I never expected to find it in a perfume but now I have in the new Medittorosa Sogno Reale.
Stefania Squeglia is the owner and creative director at Medittorosa. Sogno Reale is the perfumed realization of a dream Sig.ra Squeglia had. She asked perfumer Amelie Bourgeois to create a fragrance which evoked her dream the trio of smells Mme Bourgeois had to work with was lemon, sea urchin, and leather. Sogno Reale has the feeling of a waking dream full of seeming contradictions which somehow make sense when lost in the subconscious.
Sogno Reale opens with that lemon as brilliant as you will find in a perfume. It provides stark contrast to the uni accord which Mme Bourgeois forms from iodine and ozonic notes. This captures that smell of fresh ocean and something living precisely. It is a very odd combination but it works for me. It is going to be too weird for some. If you can find something to enjoy, the next phase as Mme Bourgeois constructs her leather accord makes it worth it. First patchouli is used to lead into an unrefined leather accord. Mme Bourgeois takes olibanum, styrax, hyraceum, and sandalwood. This leather accord has a primitive quality to it. That matches the remainder of the uni accord perfectly. Very late in the drydown there is a boozy shimmering finish around rum and amber.
Sogno Reale has 8-10 hour longevity and very little sillage.
I always want perfume brands to take chances and Sig.ra Squeglia has done that with Sogno Reale. Like my finishing dish at the sushi restaurant Sogno Reale is not for those who like their perfumes safe. Sogno Reale is for the perfume lover who truly wants to try something very different. Sogno Reale is that kind of perfume. I was not able to wear it on a really hot day where I think it might be at its best. I did wear it on a trip to the beach and to the sushi restaurant afterwards. As I got ready to take a bite of my uni hand roll a slight whiff of it rose from my wrist. It was a perfect combination of two forms of uni.
Disclosure: This review was based on a sample provided by Medittorosa.
There is another thing I’ve noticed about many of the most successful independent perfumers; they have a primary source of inspiration. That inspiration is as varied as the styles I find in this sector of perfumery. For Alexis Karl it is poetry.
I spent some real time with her on the day before last May’s Sniffapalooza Spring Fling talking about her way of making perfume. As we talked I could tell Ms. Karl loves the power of words. The way they sound as we speak them. The meanings they have both obvious and subliminal. The way they can form an intimate connection. She even has a perfume she will only let you smell if you pay the price of supplying her a piece of poetry. Her perfume brand, Scent by Alexis, represents the ongoing composition of a poem. With The Harmony of Being we have reached the third line. Here is what exists to date:
"A body made luminous,
a body secret, sacred, cyphered,
you are the harmony of being…"
The new perfume is that attempt to achieve harmony by just being. Ms. Karl has composed a fragrance of balance between light and dark. The constant necessity to find a point of balance between those is represented throughout the development of The Harmony of Being.
Ms. Karl starts off with the light of delicate florals as lilac and neroli combine with petitgrain sur fleur to form a shimmering opening. Shadows begin to arise as rose deepens the floralcy. A high concentration of muguet is a bit greener than I normally find which makes it more shaded into a deeper verdancy. The base is constructed on a matrix of beeswax into which Ms. Karl embeds labdanum, coffee flower, and ambergris. The final note and the true keynote for this perfume is black agarwood. This is another example of an ingredient only an independent perfumer can use because it can’t be sourced in massive quantities. This black agarwood has this fabulous amount of nuance which makes it sing in both light and shadow. There is a hint of a floral quality. There is an aged quality as if this was excavated from a tree as old as time. There is more than a little bit of a cocoa feel to this. The black agarwood does kind of cast the final shadow but it also has points of light so the dark contains the harmonizing qualities Ms. Karl is shooting for.
The Harmony of Being has 6-8 hour longevity and moderate sillage.
Ms. Karl has been steadily developing her perfumes, much as the poem they are based on is doing the same. With The Harmony of Being I feel like she really has composed her most assured perfume to date. There is a cognizant intelligence at play underneath it all. That is what truly makes The Harmony of Being represent the weight of words in all their myriad forms.
Disclosure: This review was based on a sample provided by Scent by Alexis.
There are times when I get a sneak preview of an upcoming fragrance from a perfumer that I just count the days until it is released. When I was at Pitti Fragranze last September Pierre Guillaume showed me his idea of a fun in the sun perfume. I sprayed a little on that day and it was easily one of the best things at the entire expo but it wasn’t to be released yet. Flash forward seven months to Esxence and the same sequence as the perfume now had a name Mojito Chypre and it would be the fifth fragrance released in Collection Croisiere. My waiting is over and Mojito Chypre has now been released.
Having grown up in South Florida musician Jimmy Buffet was a Native Son and Partier-in-Chief especially in the Florida Keys where we had a weekend place. There were way too many nights we sang at the top of our lungs, “wasting away in Margaritaville!” with Mr. Buffett. There was a smell to warm liquor infused nights on the outside deck. Mojito Chypre captures that sense of carefree fun except the drink of choice is the rum and mint concoction called a mojito. M. Guillaume adds in a strawberry to his perfumed cocktail which definitely makes everything even more fun.
The first half of Mojito Chypre is that party. The rum is flowing the lime, mint, and strawberry are being muddled and releasing their flavors along with their scents. There are so many boring strawberry-themed mass-market perfumes out there. I want to grab them by the collar and have them smell this and see how it is done. There is never any moment in the opening hours, when the mojitos are flowing, when this perfume becomes too sweet, too fruity, or too much. M. Guillaume has mixed a perfect cocktail. If Mojito Chypre was just this it would be wonderful. M. Guillaume does not forget the second half of the name and there is this moment when the bottles are empty and you’re just left with the smell of late night woods and water. That is represented by a shift to patchouli and veitver as they provide the foundation for the oakmoss to rest upon. All together it makes for an excellent chypre accord. Just to make sure all the fun hasn’t disappeared M. Guillaume adds a bit of vanilla as a reminder there was a party going on here.
Mojito Chypre has 10-12 hour longevity with above average sillage.
I’m having a lot of fun describing Mojito Chypre with lighthearted terms. What I don’t want to get lost is what an accomplished perfume this is from M. Guillaume. There were so many ways this could have gone wrong. Instead it has gone deliriously right. I know I will be humming a lot to myself this summer, “wasting away in mojitoville” as I wear Mojito Chypre.
As a special bonus those who read my The Sunday Magazine column know I like making cocktails. This seems like the place to share my Strawberry Mojito recipe.
½ fresh lime
Six leaves of mint
1 ½ sliced strawberries
2 oz of white rum
2 oz club soda
In a large glass place squeeze the lines and place the limes in the glass. Add in the sliced strawberries, and the mint. Use a muddler to crush all of them together. Add in ice, the rum and the club soda and give it a stir.
Disclosure: this review was based on a sample provided by Pierre Guillaume.
Independent perfumer Irina Adam of Phoenix Botanicals has been one of my favorite of the young natural perfumers working currently. What sets her apart in my mind is her very keen curiosity on finding new materials to base her perfumes around. For her latest Ella it took a friend who had some vintage essences from around the 1920’s-1940’s.
Picture of a couple of the actual vintage essences found in Ella
In the description on her Etsy site of Ella Ms. Adam tells of her friend artist Anne Arden McDonald who shared three vintage essence with her to use in a perfume. For Ella these were vetiver, hay, and hyacinth. The last note would be the keynote to build Ella around. Ms. Adam introduced Ella at the Sunday lunch of the recent Sniffapalooza Spring Fling where she brought tiny samples of all three vintage essences. Besides this being a special experience I also got to share smelling these raw materials with perfumer Christophe Laudamiel and Michael Edwards of Fragrances of the World. The three of us remarked on how all of these typical perfume ingredients had gained a lot of depth with nearly one hundred years of age. They were exceptional ingredients to build a perfume around. Ms. Adam is definitely one who is up to this challenge and she uses one of each vintage essence in each phase of Ella.
The vintage hyacinth is what predominates throughout all of the development. I am a big fan of hyacinth and this vintage version has layers to it I have never experienced previously. Ms. Adam wisely uses a bit of galbanum as green contrast before allowing the floral bouquet of the heart to bear the hyacinth up on to their shoulders. Those florals are ylang ylang, honeysuckle, gardenia, and jasmine. In other circumstances the hyacinth would be trampled by those florals. This vintage version never lets that happen as it stays on top all the way through this phase. Next is a human skin accord constructed around the vintage hay mixed with tobacco, botanical musks, and clove. This accord is where Ella snaps into brilliant focus for me. As the hyacinth continues to ring out the hay forms a shimmering human skin accord underneath it all. It is something very special. The base notes provide the concept of this all being kept in a timeless curio cabinet. Sandalwood and moss combine with the vintage vetiver. The vintage vetiver on its own is so smooth and deeply woody it was nearly unrecognizable. As part of Ella there are enough other notes to sort of resurrect the green familiar qualities but they seem like whispers of its normal volume.
Ella has 8-10 hour longevity and average sillage.
I have been impressed by Ms. Adam’s technical abilities for a while now but they have never been displayed as conspicuously as they are in Ella. Given exquisitely precious ingredients she has produced an exquisite perfume. This is obviously a limited edition because of the ingredients and it is going to be one of the top perfumes of 2015. This is one you will be sorry if you miss it.
Disclosure: This review based on a sample provided by Phoenix Botanicals.
One of the great things about Facebook is the anticipation it builds in me for upcoming perfumes from many of my favorite independent perfumers. Early this month Mandy Aftel posted a picture with the caption “Working at my organ on a new chypre perfume!” In a response to one of the comments she promised, “it has all the “real” stuff in it.” It would be barely a week later when Ms. Aftel contacted me to let me know a sample of her new solid perfume for Aftelier Perfumes, Bergamoss, was on its way.
Picture from Mandy Aftel's Facebook page of her working on Bergamoss
Ms. Aftel often releases her perfumes as solids versus liquid applications. The biggest difference I notice is how wearing a solid perfume might be the most intimate experience one can have in perfume. The act of taking a finger and dipping it into a pot and choosing where to apply it only adds to that feeling.
Bergamoss is indeed a chypre with all of the “real” stuff. It is also a chypre made personal which is a side effect of it being produced in a solid form. By making it in this form Ms. Aftel takes something well-known and transforms it into something more transparent. Because it has all of the appropriate components it makes one lean in looking for more. Bergamoss makes me take what it is willing to give. Once I stopped chasing and actually accepted the level of engagement it became much more compelling than it was on first sniff. By the time I had worn this a couple more times it was all about the compulsion to bring it closer.
Botanical drawing of flouve
Bergamoss opens with the promised “berg” of bergamot. The citrus quotient is doubled with orange added which provides a juiced up “berg” to start things. The heart is where things really come together. Ms. Aftel employs a particularly juicy peach in combination with citronellol and nutmeg for the heart. Nutmeg has a wonderful spiced sweetness which opens up the sweeter qualities of the citronellol and peach while also providing necessary grounding effects. After the first two acts we finally get to the “real” stuff. The base of Bergamoss is the “amoss” from the name and much more. The note which leads you into the base is called flouve absolute. Ms. Aftel says in the press release it is from the tops of French sweet grass. She also says it can be chameleon-like in a fragrance and the base of Bergamoss does have a seemingly shifting frame of reference and I am going to chalk that up to the flouve. The core of the base is real oakmoss and antique civet. Coumarin provides a bridge between the muskiness and the woody green. That leaves the flouve to provide the grace notes which it does throughout the great majority of time Bergamoss is on my skin. It goes from narcotic sweetness to intense greenness. This makes Bergamoss feel in constant motion.
Bergamoss lasts 6-8 hours and has almost no sillage to speak of.
Bergamoss is going to be one of those perfumes where my already high estimation of it only climbs higher the more I become familiar with it. Ms. Aftel has put the “real” stuff in a really excellent perfume. Dip your finger in and find your personal olfactory bliss in its intimate excellence.
Disclosure; this review was based on a sample provided by Aftelier Perfumes.
There are so many leather perfumes out there it is a challenge to stand out among them. Unlike single floral notes though leather perfumes have a bit of an advantage because the smell of leather in a perfume is an accord. An accord is as close as we get to an olfactory signature from a perfumer. I really like having the opportunity to compare the use of a leather accord by a perfumer when I can get a couple of new releases within a few months of each other. In the case of perfumer Vanina Murraciole it was her two recent releases for Le Galion which gave me an opportunity to examine her perfumed John Hancock.
Le Galion has begun to evolve away from being a heritage perfumery by moving away from re-creating Paul Vacher’s original releases into creating new perfumes based on the style of those early releases. Owner and creative director Nicolas Chabot has made a wise decision to do this. In Mme Murraciole he has found a perfumer who can capture that retro vibe and splice it onto something more modern. In my review of Aesthete I felt that one skewed so contemporary that it is the most modern of the line. For the other new one composed by Mme Murraciole, Cuir, this feels more akin to the originals with a very retro feeling to it. Both perfumes have Mme Murraciole’s leather accord in use. In Aesthete it is used as foundation for the other notes. It has a supple quality by being used at a lower concentration. In Cuir, as the name suggests, it is not part of the ensemble it is the star of the show with its name up in lights, or at least on the bottle. This transforms the leather into something less soft, more intriguing, and much more present.
Cuir opens up with bergamot and elemi. Mme Murraciole uses a lot of elemi and the lemon-tinted resin complements the bergamot. The opening is very reminiscent of many of the classic men’s fragrances of the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. The leather accord comes next and it does nothing to break Cuir out of that time period. The leather accord smells like that well-worn biker jacket lovingly oiled and cared for. What I like about this leather accord is there is a strong oily character within which really makes it different for me. That aspect adds a slightly funky quality which might not be to everyone’s taste. I found myself drawn to it each time I wore Cuir. Mme Murraciole takes her accord and drapes it over a chair made of sandalwood where you can smell the sweaty body that had it on. The final notes of musk and sandalwood again return to feeling like they are directly from a perfume fifty years older.
Cuir has 14-16 hour longevity and average sillage.
I found it interesting how well Mme Murraciole’s leather accord was able to be soft when used in support and to roar when it was the keynote. If you like your leather loud and uncomplicated Le Galion Cuir is one to add to your list.
Disclosure: this review was based on a sample provided by Le Galion at Esxence 2015.


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So this morning’s FOX press release reveals some interesting information about next week’s show…
Harry Connick Jr. will not only mentor the contestants, he will also “arrange the songs, write the orchestrations” and perform on the results show. He will be the first mentor to do all of those things.
I have to say that I don’t like that since it probably means the contestants will have to stick close to the original instead of making the songs their own.
And what will the judges say when they can’t criticize them for not making it their own? Just criticize Harry?
One other thing from the release. Lady Gaga will perform during next week’s show. She’ll be doing her new single, “Alejandro.” But that performance will be on tape (The press release doesn’t say that. I just know that.).
Sinatra and Gaga. Interesting combo, no?

domain: celebrity


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From Green Right Now Reports:
Today, the Obama Administration announced unprecedented new auto emissions and mileage standards that would streamline all states under one federal guideline, raise the fuel economy of cars made and sold in America and significantly curb greenhouse gas pollution.
The new rules will raise the required fleet average mileage to 35.5 mpg in 2016 from 25.1 mpg today. (Cars would have to meet a 39 mpg average, with passenger trucks set at 30 mpg.)
The mileage guidelines would be combined with emissions standards that aim to reduce greenhouse gas pollution and would settle a disagreement between Washington and California, which had been trying for years to set tighter standards. The Bush Administration and automakers had fought California's move, saying it would make it would launch a patchwork of emissions guidelines. Today's proposal essentially adopts as the national guideline the standards California and 13 other states have sought.
The changes would save carbon emissions equivalent to taking 177 million cars off the road through 2016, according to the White House.
The move brings together environmentalists, automakers, the federal government and states, groups long at odds over these details.
What people are saying:
Auto Alliance: "What's significant about the announcement is it launches a new beginning, an era of cooperation. The President has succeeded in bringing three regulatory bodies, 15 states, a dozen automakers and many environmental groups to the table. We're all agreeing to work together on a National Program." — Dave McCurdy, president and CEO, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.
Environmental Defense Fund "The White House forged a new agreement by bringing together broad bipartisan geopolitical interests. By finding common ground with Midwestern auto makers, heartland labor interests, coastal Governors, and environmentalists, the White House and Congressional leaders are bringing diverse interests together, adding momentum to the drive for comprehensive climate legislation." — Fred Krupp, president EDF
Natural Resources Defense Council: "President Obama, the state of California, the auto industry, and environmental leaders have come together around a global warming solution that will strengthen our economy and put the auto industry on the path to a clean energy future. The future of the auto industry lies in making cleaner, more fuel-efficient vehicles that reduce global warming pollution and our dependence on oil." — Frances Beinecke, president NRDC.
General Motors: "General Motors commends President Obama's leadership to establish a harmonized National Program to improve vehicle fuel economy and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Energy security and climate change are national priorities that require federal leadership and the President's direction makes sense for the country and the industry. Harmonizing a variety of regulations will benefit consumers across America by getting cleaner, more efficient vehicles on the road quicker and more affordably. In turn, GM and the auto industry benefit by having more consistency and certainty to guide our product plans." GM President and CEO Fritz Henderson.
Watch President Obama's announcement
DNC Chairman Tim Kaine: "Considering the failure of the last administration to take any action to address climate change or to even identify carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions as dangerous, this new standard is a sea change in public policy. It will breathe new life into the industry, by creating a strong, reliable market for fuel efficient cars and drive technological innovation and as gas prices rise greater fuel efficiency will save Americans money at the pump. In this single action, President Obama has reiterated his commitment to addressing the climate crisis and reviving America's auto industry, by ensuring that the next generation of clean, efficient vehicles is manufactured right here in the United States."
Ford: "This national program will allow us to move forward toward final regulations that all stakeholders can support. We salute the cooperative efforts of the Obama Administration, the state of California, environmental groups and others that played a constructive role in this process. The framework of the national program will give us greater clarity, certainty and flexibility to achieve the nation's goals. We will continue to work with the federal agencies to finalize the standards that we are committed to meeting."


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This article highlights Ing Buro Springett elimination of the source of the noise by replacing the mosfet with a source tabbed, Nexperia GAN063-650W.
March 09, 2021 by Nigel Springett
This article is the first in a series of articles discussing three topics that can help power systems designers achieve the most out of their…
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This article highlights eviewed the parameters of the new G4 UJ4C 750V SiC FETs from UnitedSiC compared to SiC MOSFETs and Superjunction FETs in…
February 15, 2021 by Anup Bhalla, UnitedSiC
In high switching frequency applications, the high commutation slopes of the power switches require immunity against high levels of common mode…
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This article discusses WeEn Semiconductor's high voltage SCRs its applications and process technology.
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With 3 materials and about 8 types of transistors to select from — although not all combinations are available — the choice of the optimum…
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This article features Infineon USB-PD adapters that supports a wide range of output voltages and power up to 60 W for charging different end…
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This article highlights ADI LTC3892 high voltage controllers with an ability to reduce power losses by adjusting the gate voltage of MOSFETs and…
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This article features JSC Proton-Electrotex research and development to find structural and technological solutions providing increased insulation…
August 09, 2019 by Sergey Antonov
This article highlights Mitsubishi Electric Europe B.V LV100 High Power IGBT Modules for Wind Converter, Photovoltaic Inverter and Motor Drives.
May 13, 2019 by Thomas Radke
This article highlights Transphorm Incorporated TPH3205WSQA device field reliability data for high voltage GaN power converters applications.
April 16, 2019 by Ronald Barr
ROHM announced the availability of a new lineup of high power wide terminal thick-film chip resistors ideal for current detection in a variety of…
January 09, 2019 by ROHM
There is no doubt that power electronics plays a critical role in the evolution of the overall infrastructure of energy supply, from motion control…
November 21, 2018 by JC Sun
This article discusses how D-mode GaN transistors make themselves excellent building blocks for the next generation power conversion systems.
July 02, 2018 by Shmuel (Sam) Ben-Yaakov
This article covers the similarities and differences of Si MOSFETS and eGan FETS that function as a “body diode” as well as their advantages…
June 21, 2018 by David Reusch
IXYS Corporation introduces new IXIDM1403 driver module to serve the market with IGBT driver parts that enable a short design cycle and the lowest…
May 11, 2018 by Abdus Sattar
This article highlights the importance and benefits of cleaning power modules before bonding to ensure long-term reliability.
January 23, 2018 by Thomas Kucharek
This article discusses the improvements, important parameters and application of the high-performance X-Series 4500V IGBT Power Modules.
January 23, 2018 by Eugen Wiesner
This article discusses techniques on designs to increase the efficiency of conversion at high power by utilizing improvements of converters.
September 18, 2017 by Anatoliy Tsyrganovich
This article highlights Panasonic Hybrid Drain Gate Injection Transistor (HD-GiT) with overview of advantages that aimed aimed at power converters.
May 24, 2017 by Francois Perraud
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AccessMyLibrary provides FREE access to millions of articles from top publications available through your library.
Henges Associates Inc., a contracting and manufacturing firm in Maryland-Heights, has changed owners.
Ronald E. Henges, who founded Henges Associates in 1967 and was chairman, president and chief executive officer, sold the company, effective Jan. 1, to Kevin O'Meara, former president of Courion Industries.
Terms of the sale were not disclosed.
Henges also is in the process of selling his ownership stake in Creve Coeur Camera and Video to employees of the firm.
He plans to take an active role in business development for Enterprise Bank, which he co-founded in 1988. Henges is chairman of the Enterprise board of directors.
Henges Associates, …