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For over a century the colony was the feudal property of the Lords Baltimore. It turned out to be a fee of troubles.
Beneath a picture of dancing Negroes in a Maryland Schoolbook are the words of a song that slaves of the tidewater country sang at Christmas and on other feast days:
Husks, crusts, and skins may well be what Maryland’s school children are reminded of when they turn from this textbook to their geography lesson and study the map of their state. All but impossible to bound, it is a schoolboy’s nightmare, as shapeless as scattered pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
But Maryland is not the assemblage of leftovers from other states that it appears to be; it is, rather, the surviving center of a once much larger area, reduced by a series of amputations and squeezes that began in the year of its founding and continued intermittently into the present century, when the Supreme Court fixed the northwest corner of the state in 1912. In all but the last of these territorial losses Maryland was a victim of the nature of its colonial government, a feudalistic absentee landlordism unique in American history and already archaic at its inception.
That early form of government accounts not only for the shape of Maryland today but also for the fact that much of its history was apart from the main current of American development. Largely because of its landlord’s protests, for example, the colony refused to participate in the French and Indian War; and because of the nature of its charter its road to the Revolution was quite separate from that taken by the other colonies. Until 1851, echoes of Maryland’s seventeenth-century conception of religious tolerance rang through a provision of the state constitution that read, “All persons professing the Christian religion are equally entitled to protection in their religious liberty,” thus implying that all others were excluded from such protection. Today in Baltimore a system of “ground rents,” a relic of the original colonial charter, still permits a man to own the land on which another builds his home and to charge the home owner in perpetuity an annual fee therefor.
In colonial times there were indeed other proprietary governments—such as Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Carolina, and Pennsylvania. But those of Ferdinando Gorges in Maine and John Mason in New Hampshire failed soon after they were started; New Jersey and Carolina were the property of several men collectively; and William Penn’s theories of government gave Pennsylvania an early start toward democracy. Maryland alone remained a palatinate from its founding to the outbreak of the Revolution—a territory owned by a single landlord with hereditary rights and authority as absolute as that of any medieval prince. In exchange for his all-but-royal prerogatives, the lord proprietary of Maryland pledged to the Crown of England nothing more than his continued allegiance, one fifth of the colony’s nonexistent gold and silver, and two Indian arrows to be delivered yearly during Easter week at Windsor Castle.
The six men who consecutively owned Maryland for 144 years were—with the exception of the last one—the Lords Baltimore. They derived their title from an estate in County Longford in the north of Ireland, where George Calvert already owned a manor of 2,300 acres when he received the first barony in 1625. Milords pronounced the word Baltimoor , using a flat a, as in palatine, and speaking the last syllable in accordance with its original meaning. Calvert was their family name. There never was a “Lord Calvert,” the trade names of a whisky, a coffee, and a laundry in modern Baltimore notwithstanding.
George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, was born near Kiplin, Yorkshire, about 1580, probably of Flemish ancestry, but he knew Ireland well by the time he became an Irish peer. Early in his public life he was made clerk of the Crown in County Clare and served on two royal commissions to investigate religious discontent in Ireland. It was for these services among many others that James I of England gave him his barony, praising him for his “gravity of manners, singular gifts of mind, candour, integrity, and prudence,” and “benignity and urbanity toward all men.”
Possibly George Calvert’s parents were Roman Catholics, but he received a Protestant education and earned his bachelor’s degree from Trinity College, Oxford, at the age of seventeen. At twenty-five he was honored with a master’s degree along with the Duke of Lennox, the Earls of Oxford and Northumberland, and Sir Robert Cecil. Sir Robert was George Calvert’s patron and political mentor, and soon after the Oxford ceremonies he made the young man his private secretary. In 1610, King James sent young Calvert on a special mission to France, and when he returned he assisted the King as a translator—probably translating royal edicts into Latin. He served several terms in Parliament; in 1617 he was knighted; and in 1619 he became the principal of two Secretaries of State.
In 1625 various political pressures made Calvert want to leave office: in January of that year, when he was commissioned to try “recusants"—persons who refused to attend services of the Church of England or recognize its authority—he took the occasion to announce his adherence to the Roman Catholic Church and resigned. This act failed to damage the King’s confidence in his servant, however; he accepted Calvert’s resignation but insisted upon his remaining in the Privy Council and, a month later, gave him the Irish title.
George Calvert’s interest in the New World had begun early. In 1609 he was a member of the Virginia Company and later served on the provisional council for management of the Virginia colony, but he made no journeys to America at that time. In 1622 he was one of the councilors of the New England Company, and again he remained in England. By that time he had been for two years the absentee landlord of a plantation, which he called Avalon, on the island of Newfoundland. In 1623 he obtained from King James a patent making him and his heirs proprietors of the whole southeastern peninsula of the island.
When King James died in 1625, Charles I asked the new Lord Baltimore to continue as a member of the Privy Council and would have allowed him to forgo taking the oath of supremacy, which acknowledged the king as ecclesiastical as well as political ruler; but Lord Baltimore remained firm in a resolution to withdraw from public life. That determination had been strengthened not only by the change of kings but also by his growing involvement in affairs of the New World. In 1627 he made his first journey to Newfoundland and spent the summer there. The next year he returned to the island for a longer stay, accompanied this time by his wife and all his children except the eldest, Cecil.
In Virginia the unhappy peer encountered another kind of cold. The charter of the Virginia Company had been revoked in 1623, a provisional government was awaiting the arrival of a new governor, and none of its members were in a mood to be cordial to a man who had come to their shores in obvious quest of a new dominion. The secretary of the provisional council was William Claiborne, a Virginian who held trading rights in Chesapeake Bay and who, because of these interests, was destined to make trouble for Calverts for the next quarter of a century. If Lord Baltimore was to remain in Virginia, the council decreed, he must take the oath of allegiance and with it the oath of supremacy. Baltimore was willing to make the first gesture, although it was superfluous for a man who had been a Secretary of State in England, but he balked at the second requirement. The council then suggested that he return to England for a ruling on the matter and sent ahead of him a letter to the King giving their side of the dispute.
The cool atmosphere of Virginia was not limited to official circles. One plain citizen of Jamestown, Thomas Tindall, was pilloried “for giving my Lord Baltimore the lie and threatening to knock him down.” The situation could not have been very dangerous, however, for Baltimore left his wife and children temporarily behind him in Jamestown.
Back in England, Lord Baltimore obtained from King Charles a patent to certain lands south of Virginia; but when the clamor of the Claiborne forces grew too loud to ignore, the King and his subject agreed on land north of the colony, where they believed no Virginians had settled. This was Maryland. Named for the queen, Henrietta Maria, it was defined as all the peninsula east of Chesapeake Bay, and the land west of the bay from the fortieth degree of north latitude, which was then the southern boundary of New England, southward to the south bank of the Potomac and westward as far as the point of longitude at the source of the Potomac River. Thus the original boundaries of Maryland included all of today’s Maryland, all of what is now Delaware and the Delaware peninsula’s southern tip, now in Virginia, plus a strip about twenty miles wide that has since become a part of Pennsylvania, and two western chunks of land, subsequently lost to what is now West Virginia.
George Calvert himself drew up most of the charter, writing it in Latin, but he died in mid-April, 1632, two months before his patent passed the Great Seal, that is, received final approval, and his eldest son, Cecil, became the first actual lord proprietor of Maryland. The royal charter describes the land as hac tenus inculta, “hitherto uncultivated,” and delineates the property as George Calvert had envisioned it. However, within the two months between his death and the graining of the charter to Cecil, it was discovered that Virginians already were cultivating the southern tip of the peninsula, and that area was stricken from the deed. Thus Maryland suffered its first loss of territory even before it became a colony. (Avalon in Newfoundland remained technically the property of the Calvert family, but with no relation to Maryland. After more than a century of litigation and neglect, the Avalon charter was annulled in 1754 on the grounds that the proprietary rights had lapsed from disuse.)
To this Maryland, its bays, rivers, harbors, and ports, including all the “fish, as well [as] whales, sturgeons, and other royal fish,” and to all mines “already found, or that shall be found,” King Charles gave Cecil Calvert and his heirs inalienable rights in perpetuity as “true and absolute lords and proprietaries,” with the liberties, immunities, and “royal rights” of a palatinate. The charter spelled out these rights in detail. The Lords Baltimore could lease any portion of their territory in their own name; they could create manors, with owners entitled to hold minor local courts; they could appoint judges, establish courts, pass and execute laws and ordinances, wage wars, give benefices, and consecrate churches; they could even confer titles of nobility, provided their nomenclature did not duplicate the titles of England. Furthermore, the English Crown promised to abstain forever from levying any taxes of its own upon the residents or inhabitants of the province. Finally, it any doubts or questions should ever arise over the true sense and meaning of the charter, the resulting interpretations were to be made in a manner “judged to be the more beneficial, profitable, and favourable to the aforesaid now Baron of Baltimore, his heirs and assigns.”
Nevertheless, the charter provided that all laws and ordinances in Maryland were to be “consonant to reason, and be not repugnant … to the laws, statutes, customs, and rights of this our kingdom of England.” Although in his courts the lord proprietor was to have the power of life and death over his subjects, his laws were not to take away any person’s interest or right in his life, freehold, goods, or chattels. In other words, according to the charter, the people of Maryland were to enjoy “all the privileges, franchises, and liberties” that other English subjects enjoyed during the reign of the Stuarts. In some ways they would enjoy more: for instance, they were free to trade with any country without restriction.
Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, named for his father’s friend Sir Robert Cecil, was born in 1606 and was thus twenty-six when he became the first lord proprietor of Maryland. He had been baptized “Cecil” and confirmed “Cecilius” in the Church of England. Like his father, he was a student at Trinity College. Oxford, but there is no record that he received a degree. He became a Catholic at about the time of his marriage to Anne Arundell, daughter of a Roman Catholic peer. He was twenty-three; the marriage ended fourteen years later, when Lady Baltimore died at the age of thirty-four.
When he sent to Maryland the first contingent of about 200 settlers in November, 1633, on the Ark, a ship of 360 tons, and the Dove, a pinnace of about 60 tons, he put his brother Leonard in command, naming him governor of the new province. In Leonard’s hands he placed a letter of detailed instructions for the commissioners of the province that demonstrated a foresight and understanding of human nature well beyond his twenty-seven years.
First of all Lord Baltimore counselled the three commissioners, of whom Leonard was one, to be careful to avoid offense to Protestant settlers during the voyage. Leonard was to “cause all Acts of Romane Catholique Religion to be done as privately as may be” and was to instruct the Roman Catholics to remain silent whenever religion was discussed. Leonard’s second duty was to discover at the outset any disaffection among the seamen or passengers that had been created by enemies of the Calverts in England before they set out for the New World, and to send home all such intelligence.
Lord Baltimore further ordered that when the Ark and the Dove approached the coast of Virginia, they were not to go to Jamestown or come within the range of the cannons at Point Comfort. When they reached Maryland, the commissioners were to send a messenger at once to Jamestown (making sure that he was a communicant of the Church of England) to give Governor John Harvey notice of his new neighbors’ arrival. A similar messenger was to be sent to William Claiborne, who was established on Kent Island within the boundaries of Maryland, inviting Claiborne to come and confer about future arrangements for trading in the colony as a subject of Lord Baltimore. Thereafter, if Claiborne should fail to appear, the Marylanders should “lett him alone for the first yeare.” The letter closed with instructions for surveying and laying out a town, taking oaths of allegiance to the king, surveying the adjacent country, planting corn, and organizing a militia. There was a final admonition to be “very carefull to do justice to every man without partiality.”
From beginning to end, the history of colonial Maryland is a story of the shrinkage of its territory to the benefit of its neighbors, and a shrinkage of the proprietor’s authority, if not his perquisites, to the benefit of his subjects. The shrinkage of authority began with the first recorded meeting of the Maryland assembly after the arrival of the Ark and the Dove. At that session, in January of 1638, a body of laws drawn up by Lord Baltimore was presented to the new colony—and the assembly turned them down. The assembly then proceeded to draft its own laws, and these the proprietor in turn rejected. The quarrel was over the wording of the charter: whether the proprietor’s right to “enact” laws “with the advice, assent and approbation of the free men” gave him alone the right to initiate legislation. Within six months, recognizing the futility of operating his colony without laws, Cecil Calvert yielded some initiating authority to the assembly, at the same time reserving a share of it—as well as the right of veto—to himself.
In his early struggles with William Claiborne and with a number of Jesuits who had gone to Maryland on the Ark and the Dove, Cecil Calvert was more successful than he was with his assembly. Claiborne was driven out of Maryland after a brief naval encounter on the Pocomoke River, and the proprietor’s authority was established on Kent Island. Lord Baltimore himself, back in England, thwarted the Jesuits’ attempts to acquire land from the Indians independently and to hold it tax free. The Jesuits cited canon law to the effect that ecclesiastical property was exempt from civil jurisdiction, but Lord Baltimore appealed to Rome for their recall from the province, and won.
Lord Baltimore’s comment to his brother, the governor, is interesting: ”… If the greatest saint upon earth should intrude himself into my house against my will and in despite of me, with intention to save the souls of all my family, but withal give me just cause to suspect that he likewise designs my temporal destruction … although withal he do perhaps many spiritual goods, yet certainly I may and ought to preserve myself by the expulsion of such an enemy. …”
In the first years, the inducements to settle in Maryland were generous. Before the Ark and the Dove set sail from England, the proprietor offered a grant of two thousand acres to every “adventurer” who took with him five men between the ages of sixteen and sixty, and to those who transported less than this number he would give one hundred acres for each person within those ages and fifty acres for each child. For these grants the annual quitrent, the direct ancestor of the city of Baltimore’s surviving “ground rent,” was at first twelve pence for every fifty acres of small holdings and twenty shillings for a manorial estate, payable “in the commodities of the country.” Later the annual quitrent was ten pounds of good wheat for each fifty acres.
(In 1780 Maryland’s legislature passed an act declaring Marylanders no longer subject to the payments of quitrents to the lord proprietary, but retained the system in favor of Maryland landlords. For many years the city of Baltimore paid ground rents on properties under the City Hall, the Peale Museum, and the Memorial Plaza. For a while it even paid for the land submerged under one of the municipal reservoirs. Some ground rents can be removed at the end of five years, the owner being required to sell if the tenant is willing to buy, but others are irredeemable if the owner is unwilling to sell.)
Throughout the long regime of the Calverts, their principal income from Maryland derived from sales of land, from quitrents collected annually after the land was sold, from “alienation fines” assessed when property changed hands, and from the resale of escheated land—land that had reverted to the proprietor for failure to pay quitrents or for other reasons. Toward the end of the proprietorship the income cleared annually by the proprietor was more than twelve thousand pounds sterling, an amount in today’s terms well over a quarter of a million dollars.
Aboard the Ark and the Dove there were probably more Protestants than Catholics; but the Catholics were largely men of wealth, the “adventurers” who went to take up grants of land, while the Protestants were mainly indentured servants for whom the status of freeman was still five or six years in the future. In a short time, however, the Protestant voting population of Maryland outnumbered the Catholic. Then a Protestant majority controlled the assembly, while the council and administrative offices remained in the hands of Catholics. Governor Leonard Calvert died in June, 1647, and Cecil Calvert named Thomas Greene, a Catholic, to succeed him; but when a clamor arose in the province, with echoes in England, that Maryland was a popish dominion, he removed Greene and appointed William Stone, a Protestant, in his place. At the same time, he revised the oath of office with a provision that the governor and the council would not mistreat any inhabitant professing to believe in Jesus Christ, and proposed an act of religious toleration for the assembly to consider.
By modern standards of religious tolerance, The famous Maryland Act Concerning Religion passed by the assembly in 1649 and ultimately approved by Cecil Calvert was only relatively speaking an act of tolerance. Rhode Island extended religious freedom to all men, non-Christian as well as Christian: other colonies were variously severe with nonbelievers up to the point of expulsion; but the Maryland Act Concerning Religion began by prescribing the death penalty and confiscation of property for anyone denying the divinity of Christ and disbelieving in the Trinity. It is true that neither the death penalty nor confiscation of property was ever invoked in the history of the colony, but one Dr. Jacob Lumbrozo. a Jew, had a close brush with the gallows because he refused to affirm belief in Christ and the Trinity. What is more, this narrow view of religious tolerance endured long after Maryland became a state in the Union, although the punishment for disbelievers was eliminated: on into the twentieth century the state’s oath retained the words “on the faith of a Christian,” with an exception for Jews who expressed belief in God and the hereafter.
The act of 1649 provided that disrespectful words regarding the Virgin Mary, the Apostles, or the Evangelists were punishable by a fine or by whipping and imprisonment. On the other hand, it required that anyone believing in Jesus Christ should in no way be “troubled, molested, or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof” or “compelled to the belief or exercise of any other Religion against his or her consent"; anyone so wronging a believer in Jesus Christ had to pay triple damages to the party so wronged and a fine of twenty shillings. Wisely inserted into the act was a paragraph forbidding the use of the words “heretick, Schismatick, Idolater, puritan, Independant. Presbiterian, popish priest, jesuite, jesuited papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist, Antinomian. Barrowist, Roundhead, Sepatist, or any other name or terme in a reproachfull manner.” All this was tolerance indeed, for the time.
The Indians, who were plain old pagans, gave the white men no trouble in those years. When the Ark and the Dove reached the shores of Chesapeake Bay, the Piscataway were preparing to leave the region to escape a war with the Susquehanna to the north, and they were therefore glad to sell their land and houses to the new Marylanders and even took them into their homes while they were getting ready to depart, teaching them how to prepare pone and hominy. But Maryland’s first four decades under Cecil Calvert were not always peaceful. William Claiborne returned to Maryland soon after his expulsion and created continual disturbances. In the absence of Governor Leonard Calvert in England in 1644, Claiborne repossessed Kent Island, and a Captain Richard Ingle, a Puritan, commanding a ship called the Reformation, captured the Marylanders’ capital, St. Marys, and allowed a state of anarchy there for two years.
To the great surprise of the colonists, Cromwell restored the proprietorship to Cecil Calvert in 1658. For a time Maryland’s Puritans resisted the change, but Lord Baltimore overcame them and made Josias Fendall governor. An attempt by Fendall to cut loose from proprietary control was frustrated by the Restoration: Charles II, too, supported the Calverts.
The remaining seventeen years of Cecil’s regime were comparatively quiet. Several new counties were created, among them Baltimore, although Baltimore Town would not be officially founded until 1729; a few highways were built, some of them from the “rolling roads” over which hogsheads of tobacco were rolled from plantations to the bay or tributaries; and treaties were made with the Indians as settlers moved into the frontiers. In 1661, Cecil appointed his only son, Charles, governor of Maryland; and so, when Cecil died in 1675 and Charles became the third Lord Baltimore, he was the first resident proprietor.
Charles Calvert was twenty-four years old when he assumed the office of governor, thirty-eight when he became lord proprietor. He held the title to Maryland for thirty-nine years, during the reigns of Charles II, James II, William and Mary, and Queen Anne, but mostly in absentia. He left the province within a year after he assumed the proprietorship, and thereafter Maryland was but one of many interests in his management of a great fortune in England. Inferences may be drawn regarding his attitude toward the property from his appointment of a son, Benedict Leonard, as titular governor of Maryland in 1684 when the boy was only five years old. While other colonies made progress in developing their resources and instituting a kind of autonomy, Maryland remained static.
Charles was the first Lord Baltimore to have serious trouble with Indians. It began in 1673 when the Senecas drove the Susquehanna from their northern hunting grounds to the shores of the Potomac, and shortly afterward several murders along the Potomac were attributed to these normally peaceful and well-behaved Indians. A Maryland force led by Colonel John Washington, an ancestor of George Washington, and Major Thomas Truman, an ancestor of Harry Truman, captured five members of the tribe and put them to death without a trial. The Maryland assembly impeached Major Truman, but the upper and lower houses disagreed as to the seriousness of his crime: he was expelled from the assembly but not tried.
The Susquehanna, failing to appreciate the rather unusual fact that Maryland considered them entitled to the protection of the laws, went on the warpath into the region south of the Potomac and attacked Virginia plantations, murdering whites and burning crops and buildings. One plantation owner, Nathaniel Bacon, being refused a commission by the governor of Virginia to retaliate, raised a force of his own and defeated the Susquehanna, whereupon the governor declared him a rebel: Bacon’s Rebellion was the result.
The restlessness spread into Maryland. The freemen of the lower house of the assembly revived the case of Major Truman, contending that he should have been rewarded for executing the five Susquehanna instead of being expelled; but the council continued to regard him as a murderer. Soon the cry of “popery” got mixed into the quarrel. A group of freemen drew up a “Complaint from Heaven with a Hue and Cry, and a petition out of Virginia and Maryland” and sent it to Charles II and Parliament. It defended Major Truman, accused Lord Baltimore of absolutism, and charged Catholic missionaries to the Indians with designing a “popish plot.” The authors of the document asked for a royal governor, and the reduction of the lord proprietary to the status of a mere landlord. They also asked that Protestant ministers and free schools be maintained by taxes and that a troop of Scottish Highlanders be sent to Maryland to serve as a militia. While the third Lord Baltimore had indeed filled many important positions in the province with relatives and friends, mostly Roman Catholics, there is also evidence that in general he had treated Protestants fairly. At any rate, the complaints went unheeded, and the Lord Proprietor’s forces put down a subsequent armed uprising.
But the tumultuous events in England that ended with the replacement of the Catholic James II by the Protestant William and Mary were reflected in Maryland by a successful Protestant insurrection, led by an adventurer named John Coode. Afterward, Coode went to England and was instrumental in convincing the British government that Maryland should become a royal province. The first royal governor, Sir Lionel Copley, was appointed in 1691. He moved the capital from St. Marys to Annapolis and established the Church of England as the colony’s official tax-supported religion. Maryland remained a crown colony for the next twenty-three years. Yet although the proprietorship was in abeyance during that period, Calvert regularly received his revenues as landlord.
Charles Calvert, who managed four wives and attained the great age (for that time) of seventy-seven, nearly got his full rights back but died just too soon, in February, 1715. Later that year, the proprietorship was restored. Charles’s son, Benedict Leonard, succeeded him but died within two months of his father and was himself succeeded by his son, another Charles, who became the fifth Lord Baltimore. Because Benedict Leonard had made a public renunciation of the Roman Catholic faith and because his son Charles was a Protestant, King George I made no delay in returning Maryland to the Baltimores.
The fifth Lord Baltimore fancied himself a scholar and, in his travels abroad, impressed the future Frederick the Great by his discourses upon philosophy, art, and science. In his treatment of the people of his province, however, Charles was vain and quick-tempered; he lacked the patience and good sense of the first two Lords Baltimore and had not even the modest ability of the third.
The most memorable event of his thirty-six years as proprietor is one that confers but dubious distinction upon this Charles Calvert. Throughout the proprietorship of his great-grandfather Cecil, there had been disputes with the Dutch over their occupancy of the eastern part of the peninsula between Delaware and Chesapeake bays. King Charles II had arbitrarily settled this argument by granting the tract in question, along with other territory, to his royal brother James, Duke of York. The fact that he had previously given the peninsula to the Baltimores seemed to offer no obstacle to this kingly decision. At once the Duke of York, as Lord High Admiral, sent his fleet to the Dutch settlements and subdued them. (Naturally the Duke stayed home.) For a while thereafter, the Delaware settlements were under the government of New York, not Maryland, but in time the Duke gave them into the open, eager hands of William Penn.
Cecil’s son Charles, the third Lord Baltimore, had never been able to come to terms with William Penn, who not only claimed Delaware but had cheekily built his city of Philadelphia below the fortieth parallel, within the original grant of the Maryland palatinate. The Baltimores' charter described their lands as falling “under” the fortieth parallel, and Penn, among his many other devious arguments, pointed out that it did not say how far “under.” Charles Calvert encouraged settlement in the disputed territory, and a result was sporadic border warfare, in which the famous frontiersman Thomas Cresap was one of the most determined supporters of Maryland’s rights. On one occasion, Penn’s adherents captured Cresap and paraded him through the streets of Philadelphia, which he defiantly described later as “the fairest place in the Province of Maryland.”
It remained to Charles, fifth Lord Baltimore, to blunder irreparably in the continuing negotiations with William Penn’s sons, who were as wily as their father. Allowing himself to be hoodwinked by an inaccurate map, Charles, through ignorance of the geography of his own property, lost not only the disputed one and a quarter million acres of Delaware but also two and a half million acres more along his northern boundary. This happened in 1732. Charles discovered his error a few months later on a visit to his province and refused to carry out his agreement, but the Penns instituted proceedings against him in England and finally won approval of their claim from the English government in 1750, a year before Charles Calvert’s death. In 1767, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyors, established the line dividing Pennsylvania and Delaware from Maryland and marked it with stones (see “Mason & Dixon: Their Line and Its Legend,” in the February, 1964, AMERICAN HERITAGE). Another small loss of territory may be attributed to the Baltimores’ regime in Maryland. Laying out a boundary on the Eastern Shore in 1668, Philip Calvert, a brother of the second Lord Baltimore, had failed to draw a line straight and had inadvertently given Virginia 15,000 acres. Then, after the Revolution, the north branch of the Potomac was mistakenly accepted as the source of that river, rather than the south branch, and Virginia and ultimately West Virginia held on to another 500,000 acres of Maryland.
Frederick died in Naples at the age of forty, in 1771. His body was returned to London and buried there. Of this occasion the Gentlemen’s Magazine reported: “His Lordship had injured his character in his life, by seduction, so that the populace paid no regard to his memory when dead, but plundered the room where the body lay the moment it was removed.”
For all his amorous proclivities, Frederick had no legitimate offspring and hence bequeathed his proprietorship to a natural son, Henry Harford. But Henry was only nine years old, and his guardians had to go through proceedings against an aunt and possible heiress before the assembly of Maryland would recognize his rights. Eventually, after the Revolution, the British government gave him the sum of ninety thousand pounds sterling for the loss of his rents and other privileges in Maryland. To colonial Marylanders he had been little more than a name to christen a new county with.
In their 144 years of possession, the six owners of Maryland were progressively, generation by generation, men of decreasing vitality and intelligence. The first Lord Baltimore had exhibited unimpeachable public and private character, and had been a member of Parliament and a trusted Secretary of State under James I; the last of the family, the last owner, was a profligate’s bastard, who squabbled with an aunt over his inheritance while his subjects were staging their own version of the Boston Tea Party. In Annapolis Harbor they burnt the brig Peggy Stewart and her two thousand pounds of East India tea. Later they would provide regular troops of the line to the Revolutionary forces, giving the “Old Line State” its sobriquet. But the evil of the Calverts’ legacy to Maryland lay not so much in their moral and physical degeneration as in the blind tenacity with which they clung to their feudal prerogatives to the very end, leaving a stamp upon the government and the people of the state long after it became a free member of the federal Union.

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An online workshop facilitated in the AWA method, offering a safe space for caregivers to connect, express themselves and experience writing with a group of peers living with both the joys and challenges that come along with caring for other(s).These workshops are designed to reduce isolation, stress and overwhelm for those who provide care on a personal level and/or as a professional care provider.
Dr. Meadow Jones received her PhD from the University of Illinois. Her dissertation “Archiving the Trauma Diaspora: Affective Artifacts in the Higher Education Arts Classroom” focused on the use of artistic and material practices in the redress of trauma. In combination with her experience as an AWA facilitator she has adapted her research and created trauma responsive curriculum and workshops. She is social practice artist, an award winning filmmaker and community organizer. Her work has been published in literary journals, peer reviewed scientific journals, poetry collections, books and chapbooks. She has facilitated arts and writing practices for diverse populations including undergraduates, artists, activists, teachers, teenagers, trauma survivors, prisoners, physicians and friends.
Mary Simmerling is a philosopher, poet, and artist. She holds a PhD in philosophy from University of Illinois at Chicago. Her professional experience includes more than two decades of work in higher education and hospital administration. Mary is active in a number of nonprofit organizations in the US and Canada, including Harmony House, Immigrant Women’s Services Ottawa, and RAINN.

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The Duchess of Cambridge and Prince William as toddlers
Will a daughter wear pigtails like Catherine
's at age 3? Will a son have the blond hair Prince William
did as a boy? Or perhaps take after Uncle Prince Harry
and be born a ginger?
With a new heir to the throne
expected next year, many royal watchers are wondering who the baby
Luckily for them, it's easy to look to the past for clues.
of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge reveal that the royal baby is likely to be adorable either way.


Launched in 1961, the Simca 1000 was a small, rear engined saloon of 944cc which proved to be even more successful than the Simca Aronde. No doubt inspired by the popularity of the Renault Dauphine, Simca's engineers created a car which was to become a common sight on French roads for over 20 years. Unlike many small cars of the time such as the Mini and Hillman Imp, the 1000's four doors ensured it would appeal to families as much as individuals. It boasted a folding rear seat, which greatly increased luggage capacity, a feature sadly dropped after 1967, and only introduced again near the end of production in 1977.
Not even its greatest fans would say that early 1000's had good handling, although the ride was excellent for the time. In 1968 the rear suspension was redesigned, and from that point it was both safer and more fun to drive. An 1118cc version was introduced called the 1000 Special, and ran alongside the 944cc model. At the same time a smaller engined model of 777cc was launched, called the Sim'4. 1970 saw the debut of the Simca 1000 Rallye which looked very sporty, with a matt black bonnet, twin black stripes round the engine compartment, and matt black rally seats for driver and front passenger. Both it and the 1000 Special shared the 1118 cc engine, but with power boosted to 53bhp.
Further work on the engine saw it bored out to 1294cc, and the 1000 Rallye 1 appeared with this power unit producing 60bhp in 1972. At the same time the 1000 Special was fitted with the 1294cc engine, and all models were given improved front suspension. The Sim'4 was discontinued in 1973, but an even more powerful Rallye version was unveiled. The 1000 Rallye 2 had a modified 1294cc engine with two twin choke carburettors boosting the power to 82bhp. To ensure adequate cooling, the radiator was moved to the front of the car, and disc brakes were fitted all round. This car proved very popular in France with the racing fraternity, but unfortunately the importers decided not to sell it in the UK. Nevertheless, two of these cars are owned by Simca Club UK members.
October 1975 saw the introduction of the 1000 SR, another 1294cc model and this replaced the 1000 Special in the range. The following year saw the biggest visual change to the 1000 since its launch. The round headlamp front as shown in the photo were replaced by a new front panel featuring rectangular headlamps and a dummy radiator grille, together with a new, flatter bonnet. The objective was clearly to make the car look more like the contemporary facelift of the Avenger and the new Chrysler Alpine, but in practice it did not entirely work. The car did survive in production for another two years in this form, with one further power boost. This was the 1000 Rallye 3, which appeared in December 1977. Limited to just 1,000 examples, the Rallye 3 boasted 103bhp from a highly tuned 1294cc engine, with alloy wheels as standard.
Production of the 1000 stopped in June 1978 with 1,963,610 sold since 1961, making it the most successful Simca bar one, the front wheel drive 1100. In its native France the 1000 is well regarded by classic car enthusiasts, with the Rallye versions having a very strong following. There are over 30 on the books of the UK Club, but many of these are awaiting restoration. Mechanical spares are generally in reasonable supply, but body panels are becoming difficult to source. Such is the following for the cars in France, that it seems possible that replacement wings will be manufactured in the future.


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This 2005 custom built home has everything you’ve been looking for, over 2800 sq ft of perfection and 3 car garage. Located on a quiet low traffic street in Kings Ridge in Green! The stamped concrete wrap around porch is perfect for relaxing after a long day. The 2 story foyer with a turned staircase is a WOW first impression. Open great room with transom windows and gas fireplace. Incredible kitchen with maple cabinets, ceramic tile backsplash and center island with breakfast bar. The 1st floor den is tucked away and offers all the room you need. Formal dining room is open and has lots of windows. The back hallway is functional with a boot bench, powder room and 1st floor laundry. Large master suite with walk in closet and walk in shower! The unfinished basement is plumbed for a full bath and ready for finishing! This home has the quality and amenities you have been looking for. Oversized 3 car garage, no maintenance deck and private backyard! Amazing quality custom built home!
See the Virtual Tour at: http://www.digitalhomeinfo.com/6810

domain: design


If not for the availability of the nearby Anaheim Ducks, perhaps matching up the Los Angeles Kings with the Montreal Canadiens on Saturday night at Dodger Stadium would have brought some symmetry to this idea of playing an outdoor game on Southern California ice.
The big, bad Canadiens actually came to Los Angeles from April 9-20, 1943, for an exhibition series to raise money on behalf of the U.S. and Canada efforts during World War II, a cause that included many NHL players leaving the game to fight for their countries.
The Canadiens took over the Tropical Ice Gardens, an outdoor rink in Westwood Village on the southwest corner of Weyburn and Galey avenues. The year-round Alpine-designed rink, home of UCLA’s club hockey team, could accommodate a reported 10,000 spectators as well as 2,000 skaters on the rink.
The rink opened in October 1938, but was in existence only until 1949 when the Veterans Administration gave the land to UCLA so it could expand its campus.
The Canadiens and Boston Bruins had been doing fundraising events for the war. But for this trip, it was just the Canadiens, minus star player Maurice Richard, out with had a broken ankle, who came West by themselves after the Bruins eliminated them from the Stanley Cup semifinals. L.A. promoter P.H. Halbriter arranged for what would be this first visit to L.A. by an NHL team.
The other squads involved in the series were the Victoria (British Columbia) Navy team, as well as one from the Southern California Hockey League called the San Diego Skyhawks. Those teams were fortified with some NHL players, including the famous Bentley brothers – Reg, Doug and Max – from the Chicago Blackhawks.
Montreal, with stars Joe Benoit, Elmer Lach and captain Toe Blake, won the best-of-7 L.A. series, 4-1. The only loss Montreal suffered was by a 6-5 count to Victoria Navy when the Bentleys were involved in several fights.
Los Angeles Times sports columnist Braven Dyer wrote after the final game: “The Flying Frenchmen … gave Southern California fans an exhibition of high class hockey and are welcome back whenever they can find time to appear here again.” Dyer wrote in another column: “After watching Les Canadiens and the Bentley boys at the Westwood Ice Bowl, you can put me down as a rabid fan … the skating lads are staging such a great show.”
Outdoor and indoor skating rinks like Tropical Ice Gardens used to dot the Southern California landscape. When the Tropical Ice Gardens opened, the Los Angeles Times proclaimed “neither sun nor desert wind shall keep Los Angeles from skating … the giant plant — only a dream several months ago — stands today as the only all-year outdoor ice rink in the world.”
Recreational and seasonal outdoor ice rinks in Hollywood, Woodland Hills, Pershing Square, L.A. Live and even at Seaside Lagoon, just feet from the Pacific Ocean in Redondo Beach, have come and gone over the past 50 years, with the cost of building the rink and keeping them open dependent on the crowds it attracts and the value of the property.
The rink built at Dodger Stadium will come down almost right away after Saturday’s NHL Stadium Series game. But it’s not the first time the ballpark has had a special winter-themed event that left those who saw it somewhat baffled.
In concert with an international ski trade and fashion show, a 26-story high ski jump was set up in right field near the reserve level. The event from Oct. 25-27, 1963, included two jumping exhibitions and a slalom race. The jumps were actually delayed a day because of the inability to create enough snow for the ramp with the existing ice machines.
“From a structural standpoint, it might be the most impressive thing ever built inside the stadium for an event,” Dodgers team historian Mark Langill said. “Normally, when the stadium is rented out, things happen on the flat part of the surface of the field – an RV show, a Barry Goldwater campaign rally. But I don’t think anyone ever took advantage of the height of the place like that one. That’s something to capture your attention.”
Instead of trying to set any kind of distance records, the jumpers simply came off the ramp and landed in an area that would have been the Dodgers’ infield.
Langill said there are no accounts of how many attended the event or much else of what transpired. A photograph of one of the jumps shows most of crowd gathered behind home plate on the loge level.
“Rarely do you hear from anyone who actually attended it,” Langill said. “Many people will say, ‘I was here for this or that.’ But this is a time when people say, ‘They did what?’ There’s more curiosity and intrigue that such a thing happened.”


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How Long After Wisdom Teeth Removal Can I Exercise?
For many individuals, wisdom teeth removal is a common dental procedure that may require a few days of recovery. One question that often arises is how long after wisdom teeth removal can one resume their regular exercise routine? In this article, we will explore the factors that influence the recovery process and provide answers to 14 common questions related to exercising after wisdom teeth removal.
1. How long should I wait before exercising after wisdom teeth removal?
It is generally recommended to wait at least 48 hours before resuming any rigorous physical activity to allow the initial healing process to take place.
2. Why is it important to wait before exercising?
Exercising too soon after wisdom teeth removal can increase blood flow to the surgical area, leading to bleeding, swelling, and potentially dislodging the blood clot that forms during the healing process.
3. Can I engage in light exercises such as walking or stretching?
Light exercises like walking or gentle stretching are usually acceptable within the first 48 hours, as they do not exert excessive pressure on the surgical site.
4. When can I reintroduce more intense exercise?
More intense exercises, such as weightlifting, cardio, or contact sports, should be avoided for at least a week to ensure proper healing.
5. Will exercising affect the healing process?
Exercising too soon or too intensely can hinder the healing process, as it may cause bleeding, swelling, and discomfort.
6. Can I do any exercises that don’t involve my mouth?
Yes, exercises that do not require mouth movement, such as leg exercises or arm workouts, can usually be performed sooner than activities involving the mouth.
7. Should I modify my exercise routine?
It is important to modify your exercise routine during the recovery period to avoid any activities that can put pressure on the surgical site.
8. Can I swim after wisdom teeth removal?
Swimming should be avoided for at least a week, as the water pressure can dislodge the blood clot and increase the risk of infection.
9. Can I lift weights after wisdom teeth removal?
Weightlifting should be avoided for at least a week, as the exertion and strain can increase swelling and discomfort.
10. When can I resume contact sports?
Contact sports should be avoided for at least a week or until your dentist or oral surgeon gives you the green light.
11. Can I do yoga after wisdom teeth removal?
Gentle yoga poses that do not require mouth movement can be performed within the first 48 hours, but avoid any poses that strain the jaw or involve inverted positions.
12. Should I avoid any specific exercises?
Exercises that require straining or clenching of the jaw, such as crunches or heavy weightlifting, should be avoided until your dentist or oral surgeon gives you the go-ahead.
13. Can I resume my regular exercise routine if I still have some swelling or discomfort?
It is generally recommended to wait until the swelling and discomfort have subsided before resuming your regular exercise routine. If in doubt, consult with your dentist or oral surgeon.
14. How long does it take for complete recovery after wisdom teeth removal?
Complete recovery after wisdom teeth removal can take up to a few weeks, depending on the individual and the complexity of the extraction. It is essential to listen to your body and gradually increase your activity level.
In conclusion, it is crucial to allow sufficient time for the initial healing process before resuming regular exercise after wisdom teeth removal. Waiting at least 48 hours before engaging in light exercises and avoiding intense physical activities for at least a week can help ensure proper healing and minimize complications. Always consult with your dentist or oral surgeon for personalized advice based on your specific situation.

domain: medical


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The tour is an hour long walking tour through 4 of Disney's greenhouse environments, as well as a tour of the fish farm. The tour allows an up close look at the unique growing techniques that are taking place at Epcot. You will also get the opportunity to taste some of the delicious produce. It was a very engaging and educational tour!
How do I book the tour?
Things to know before you go...
- Make sure to ride the Living With The Land ride prior to your tour. This will give you an overview of the greenhouses and program you are getting ready to explore.
- Wear comfortable shoes because you are on your feet for the entire hour.
- If you have young children, try to book your tour earlier in the day when kids are fresh and not tired from walking the park.
- Look for hidden Mickeys while you are on the tour (you should be able to spot a few)
- Be prepared for your kids to want to buy some seeds and plants to bring home and grow.

domain: agronomy


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Editor's Note — Coronavirus cases remain high across the globe. Health officials caution that travel increases your chances of getting and spreading the virus. Staying home is the best way to stem transmission. Below is information on what to know if you still plan to travel, last updated on June 8.
(CNN) — If you're planning to travel to Spain, here's what you'll need to know and expect if you want to visit during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Spain has suffered greatly from Covid-19, with a high number of cases and deaths. After one of Europe's strictest lockdowns in spring 2020, it reopened to visitors over the summer, but in November entered a state of emergency that ran until May 9, 2021. This has now been lifted, but some regional restrictions remain -- see more below.
What's on offer
One of Europe's biggest hitters for good reason, Spain pulls tourists in by the millions thanks to its warm weather, laidback vibe and excellent food and wine. Plus, of course, there are some of Europe's best beach resorts, mountains, and cultural cities such as Madrid, Seville and Barcelona.
Who can go
Travelers from most places in the European Union, alongside Australia, China, South Korea, New Zealand, Rwanda, Singapore, Israel and Thailand are allowed to enter Spain without having to undergo quarantine.
Spain lifted restrictions on non-essential travel from the UK and Japan on May 24, with travelers from the two countries now able to enter Spain without a Covid test. But right now, Spain is still on the UK's "amber list" which means nonessential travel from the UK to Spain is not recommended.
As of June 7, anyone who has been fully vaccinated can enter Spain without proof of a negative Covid test, even if they are arriving from destinations categorized as 'risk' countries. South Africa, Brazil and India are exempt from this rule, however. See more below.
Visitors from India must undergo a 10 day quarantine upon arrival.
Visitors from other countries are not permitted to enter, unless they gain special permission from the Spanish government.
What are the restrictions?
All travelers must complete a Health Control Form (HCF), which can be completed via the Spain Travel Health website or app. It will generate a QR code which must be shown on arrival in the country.
Since June 7, travelers from anywhere in the world -- bar South Africa, Brazil and India -- who have been fully vaccinated can enter Spain without providing proof of a negative Covid test.
Travelers arriving from 'risk' countries who've not been fully vaccinated must undertake a PCR test within 72 hours of departure and show proof of a negative result on entry.
Health assessments take place on arrival into Spain, with a temperature check and visual examination as standard.
Spain's health minister also announced that travelers arriving from Brazil and South Africa are being given an antigen test in the airport. Additionally, all travelers to the Canary Islands, no matter where they're arriving from, require an antigen test taken within 72 hours of departure in order to check into their accommodation.
What's the Covid situation?
The country has seen over 3.7 million infections and over 80,200 deaths as of June 8, 2021.
A month later, case rates were falling -- on March 8, Spain reported the lowest weekend rise in cases since July last year -- but numbers rose again in late March and early April, with authorities urging caution amid fears of a third wave hitting Europe. Daily reported Covid-19 cases now appear to be falling again.
Over 30 million people have had their first vaccination in Spain and 23.37% of the population has been fully vaccinated as of June 8.
What can visitors expect?
Under the state of emergency, a national curfew was in place, masks had to be worn public at all times (children 5 and younger were exempt), while gatherings indoors and outdoors were limited to six people.
Face masks continue to be required in public places across the country.
Even before the state of emergency was lifted, the exact detail of the restrictions varied by region.
It's still best to check in advance what individual restrictions are in each region before planning a visit. Spain's official tourism website is a helpful resource.
Traveling between Spain's regions is now permitted.
Our latest coverage

domain: geography


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A Memorandum of Understanding was entered into by the Office of the Presidential Assistant for Eastern Mindanao (OPAMINE) and the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD) as both offices would be joining forces in the implementation of the Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino Program of the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
A total of 6 million housing units will be constructed with 1 million houses per year for the next six years of the Marcos administration.
In the MOU signed into by OPAMINE head Sec. Leo Tereso Magno and DHSUD Sec. Jose Rizalino Acuzar on the afternoon of February 16, 2023, both officials agreed to help each other in ensuring that the mega-housing project would benefit the homeless especially in OPAMINE’s area of Regions 11, 12 and 13.
DHSUD and OPAMINE will be coordinating with each other in the identification of qualified properties and beneficiaries, monitoring of the implementation of the housing project, among others.
In his short message during the signing, Sec. Magno assured Mindanaoans of their fair share of the housing program of President Marcos considering that there are still considerable number of Filipino families in Mindanao that do not own a house.
“This administration knows that we have to build houses to foster homes. Good homes would mean better Filipinos. Better Filipinos would pave the way for a better Philippines. We hope that this massive housing project of the Marcos administration would pave the way for a better life for all of us, most especially those who truly need and deserve to be given a better chance in life,” Sec. Magno said.
“Thus I thank the DHSUD for partnering with us to give homeless families in Eastern Mindanao a better home, a better future. Rest assured that OPAMIN Eastern will tediously do our responsibilities and obligations to faithfully execute the implementation of the project in Regions 11, 12 and 13,” the Dabawenyo secretary ended. (OPAMIN Eastern)
Senator Christopher “Bong” Go continues to help communities in distress and promote better fire prevention and response measures as he sent his team to assist fire victims in Koronadal City, South Cotabato on Friday, February 10.
In his video message, Go cited that the government continues to strengthen its fire prevention efforts through the Bureau of Fire Protection’s modernization program.
The senator principally authored and co-sponsored Republic Act No. 11589 or the BFP Modernization Act which mandates acquiring modern fire equipment, hiring more fire personnel, and provisioning of training programs, among others.
It also directs the BFP to conduct monthly fire prevention campaigns and information drives in every local government unit, particularly in informal settlements and economically depressed areas.
“Sa pag-iikot ko ng bansa, marami na po kaming napuntahan na mga nasunugan. Kaya naman alam natin kung gaano kahalaga para sa ating BFP na palakasin ang kanilang kapasidad sa pagpugsa ng sunog sa mga komunidad,” underscored Go.
“Napakalaki ng tiwala ko na palalakasin pa lalo ng BFP ang ating fire protection efforts. Karagdagang kagamitan, firefighters at education campaigns para turuan ang ating mga kababayan na mag-ingat, ‘yan po ang BFP Modernization Act. Dahil bawat bahay na nasusunog, nadadamay ang kapitbahay. Kaya dapat doble ingat tayo,” he said.
To give support and hope to the 13 fire victims whose houses were damaged by the fire incident, Go’s team gave them grocery packs, shirts, vitamins, masks, snacks, and a ball for basketball. The activity was held at Purok Callejo, Brgy. General Paulino Santos Hall.
Representatives from the Department of Social Welfare and Development also provided cash assistance as part of the government interventions to uplift the lives of Filipinos in crisis situations.
Go, who chairs the Senate Committee on Health and Demography, also offered to help those in need of medical care to ensure the victims’ well-being. He encouraged them to visit the Malasakit Centers located at South Cotabato Provincial Hospital in the city and Dr. Jorge P. Royeca Hospital in General Santos City.
Under the Malasakit Centers Act of 2019, which was principally authored and sponsored by Go, all hospitals that are administered and managed by the Department of Health plus the Philippine General Hospital in Manila City are mandated to have their own Malasakit Center that shall provide convenient access to medical programs offered by concerned agencies, such as the DSWD, Department of Health, Philippine Health Insurance Corporation, and Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office.
To date, there are 154 Malasakit Centers that have already assisted more than seven million Filipinos nationwide according to the DOH. The program celebrated its fifth year anniversary on February this year.
Go noted how the country’s healthcare system struggled due to the global health crisis. He then underscored the need to improve access to public healthcare services to ensure that more disadvantaged Filipinos will receive the medical attention they need.
In this regard, the senator supported the establishment of Super Health Centers in the province, including in the towns of Lake Sebu and Tampakan in 2022. Another center will be established in Tampakan in 2023.
Super Health Centers are medium versions of polyclinics and are bigger than rural health units, which offer basic services such as out-patient, birthing, isolation, diagnostic (laboratory: x-ray, ultrasound), pharmacy, and ambulatory surgical unit.
Other available services are eye, ear, nose, and throat (EENT) service, oncology centers, physical therapy and rehabilitation center and telemedicine, where remote diagnosis and treatment of patients will be done.
Through Go’s initiative, some 307 SHCs were funded in 2022. The senator likewise earlier successfully pushed for sufficient funds for the centers in this year’s Health Facilities Enhancement Program of the DOH.
To help create more opportunities for the province amid difficult situations, Go, who also serves as Vice Chair of the Senate Committee on Finance, has supported the construction of roads in Banga, Lake Sebu, Norala, Tantangan and Surallah; acquisition of a dump truck for the local government of Norala; construction of riverbank protection in Koronadal City and T’boli; installation of street lights in Koronadal City, Norala and Tupi; and the construction of a slaughterhouse in T’boli.
“Basta, ‘wag kayong mag-atubiling lumapit sa amin. Huwag din kayong magpasalamat sa amin dahil trabaho naman namin ito sa gobyerno. Kami ang nagpapasalamat sa inyo dahil binigyan niyo kami ng pagkakataon para makapagserbisyo sa taumbayan. Ibabalik namin sa inyo ang serbisyong dapat sa inyo sa abot ng aming makakaya,” pledged Go.
DAVAO CITY – Over 30,000 fishermen, public utility drivers, and other marginalized workers were the key beneficiaries of the various projects and programs initiated or coordinated with the national government by Davao City First Congressional District Representative Paolo Z. Duterte during his first three months in the House of Congress.
Rep. Duterte has also filed 60 bills so far from July to September 2022, the most recent of which seek to either raise the incomes of, or provide economic relief to, public school teachers, small farmers, freelance workers and calamity victims, to name a few.
These include House Bill (HB) 4809, which aims to provide free and streamlined freight services in the transportation of relief goods to disaster-stricken areas; HB 4697, which seeks to institutionalize the grant of scholarships to public school teachers and educational assistance to their children pursuing college studies; and HB 3382, which mandates the national and local governments to purchase the produce of local farmers and other food producers for relief operations and school feeding programs.
Rep. Duterte’s recent legislative measures also aim to improve the dispensation of justice by proposing the creation of three additional municipal trial courts in Davao City (HB 3272); secure the country’s energy needs by promoting the development of the Philippine natural gas industry (HB 4097); and protect the rights and welfare of freelance workers (HB 3738).
From July to September of this year, a total of 8,160 fisherfolk and 5,799 drivers of public utility vehicles in Davao City who were thoroughly screened and assisted by the First Congressional District Office were able to avail of the emergency employment under the Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Disadvantaged/Displaced Worker (TUPAD) of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).
Rep. Duterte’s office also closely coordinated with DOLE in granting TUPAD benefits to 923 street vendors.
“We had carefully profiled the TUPAD applicants to ensure that only those who deserve them are granted the benefits of the program. We are continuing to screen thousands of other applicants, especially those severely affected by the economic shock from the pandemic, to assist the DOLE in effectively implementing TUPAD in Davao City,” Rep. Duterte said.
TUPAD is a community-based package of assistance that provides emergency employment for displaced workers, the underemployed, and seasonal workers, for a minimum period of 10 days, but not to exceed a maximum of 30 days, depending on the nature of work to be performed.
Rep. Duterte’s office provided scholarships and educational assistance to 802 students, while another 207 individuals have been granted free training programs from the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) from July to September of this year.
In partnership with Benguet Rep. Eric Yap, Rep. Duterte turned over five patient transport vehicles to improve the delivery of medical care to Davao City’s first district residents.
In his first three months, Rep. Duterte also initiated the construction of nine buildings to serve the needs of Davao City residents. These include evacuation centers, multi-facilities buildings, and Lamayan Bayan buildings for the use of Davaoeños who cannot afford funeral services for their departed loved ones. Rep. Duterte’s office helped shoulder the funeral bills of 1,737 deceased residents.
Rep. Duterte’s office also facilitated the hospitalization and medical assistance at the Southern Philippines Medical Center (SPMC) in Davao City to 4,532 individuals, including Davao’s needy indigent senior citizens. A total of 8,929 beneficiaries seeking treatment in private hospitals were provided medical assistance f m June to September 2022.
From June to August of this year, Rep. Duterte extended aid to 204 families that were victims of flash floods and 710 individuals who lost their property to fire.
Rep. Duterte and his staff distributed 102 wheelchairs and 1,514 food packs to 28 orphanages and homes for the aged from July to September.
DAVAO CITY – Officers and members of the Barangay Hall in Talomo warmly welcomed First Congressional District Representative Paolo Duterte’s son Rodrigo Duterte II during the turned-over ceremony of a gymnasium and a funeral home on October 3, Monday morning.
Duterte II, together with the First Congressional District Office staff, arrived at the Talomo’s Barangay Hall Satellite Office at Royal Valley in Bangkal around 10:30 a.m. to formally turn over the “Lamayan ng Bayan” and the gym to the beneficiary.
With the initiative of Rep. Duterte, the “Lamayan ng Bayan” will be the first funeral home to offer an accessible venue to Davao City residents who could not afford decent funeral service for their departed loved ones.
The newly-built gymnasium, turned over to the same barangay, will be utilized for crowd gatherings, assemblies, and activities of the barangay and other local government agencies.
Duterte II said he is glad to be part of the turnover of the Lamayan ng Bayan (the funeral home) and the gym through the efforts of the young congressman and his staff. Along with these structures, the First Congressional District Office donated ten tents to the barangay.
After cutting the ribbon at the Barangay Hall Satellite Office, Duterte II and Rep. Duterte’s staff headed to the main office of the Barangay Talomo Proper, located along Talomo Road, to attend the formal program prepared by the barangay chief, Engr. Bendor Calamba, and his staff.
In a speech, Calamba expressed his heartfelt gratitude to Rep. Duterte and the entire First Congressional District Office staff for all the programs and projects from which the barangay benefitted. He said all the support given by the district office has already helped a lot of people.
“Thank you, congressman Duterte. Thank you, Mr. Rodrigo Duterte II and the entire First Congressional District Office staff. Rest assured that all your support to the barangay will reach thousands of people,” Calamba said in the vernacular.
Duterte II said that Rep. Duterte wishes for the Barangay Talomo to take care of the structures and the tents and to use them properly for everyone’s wellbeing. The congressman also thanked the barangay for its endless support to the First Congressional District Office under his leadership.
“Dili pud unta kamo magsawa sa pag imbitar Kanako sa inyong mga pasundayag ug unta dili kamo maulaw muduol sa opisina ni Congressman Pulong ug kang Mayor Sebastian Duterte kung aduna kamoy buot iduol, kay mao lang kini ang paagi para kami maka balos man lang sa inyong walay pu-as nga supporta sa amung pamilya,” Duterte II said.
According to Rep. Duterte’s staff, more similar structures would be turned over to other areas of Davao City soon. The city’s residents will benefit from these structures, especially the Lamayan ng Bayan.
Davao City 1st District Rep. Paolo Z. Duterte is not opposing the continuance of the Mindanao Railway Project which was crafted by the past administration of his father, Rodrigo Duterte, and will allegedly be continued by the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
The young congressman however said that the national government must look into several complaints and acccusation of anomalies by some residents affected by the planned project.
For this, Rep. Duterte along with Benguet lone district Rep. Eric Yap filed House Resolution (HR) No.286, which calls for a congressional investigation on the proposed MRP, specifically on the way the Department of Transportation (DOTr) carried out its right-of-way acquisitions and expropriation of private properties to be affected by the rail line.
Rep. Duterte said that he received numerous complaints from Davao City residents whose residences would be directly affected by the proposed railway line.
He said the proposed MRP rail line would pass through densely populated areas in Davao City, “without the appropriate geological surveys or proper public consultations with the affected communities”.
Duterte and Yap however acknowledged in their resolution that the MRP “will not only make travel faster, but also safer, more convenient and comfortable for passengers in the said corridor”.
Rep. Duterte however added that the complaints must also be given weight especially on the report that “there are variations in the offers for acquisition of right-of-way or expropriation of the private properties by the DOTr and/or its contractors, sub-contractors, or other service providers.”
“These variations in offers have substantial discrepancies from the actual Zonal Value or Fair Market Value of the properties affected,” the two congressmen said.
Though not naming names, Rep. Duterte said there were also reports that some politicians bought vast parcel of lands where the rail line will be constructed at a cheap price and are now selling it to the government ten times or more than the original price.
It was learned that the Barangay Catalunan Grande in Davao City has already passed a resolution opposing the MRP as it would affect several residences in their barangay and would “result to undue safety and health hazard, as well as noise pollution, to name a few.”
“There is a need to properly determine the correct and appropriate manner of identifying the areas where the MRP will traverse in order to ensure public safety and welfare while still being able to pursue the MRP for sustained growth and development in the region,” Reps. Duterte and Yap said in filing HR No.286.
Rep. Duterte and Yap said the probe will “ensure transparency and accountability on the use of public funds while always keeping in mind the safety and welfare of the general populace in the delivery of public services”.
Back in the 18th Congress, the two congressmen also filed a similar call for a probe.
The three-phase MRP covers 1,530 kilometers of circumferential and spur rail lines that will connect several areas in Mindanao like the Davao provinces, Iligan City, Cagayan de Oro City, General Santos City, and Zamboanga.
Phase 1 of the MRP (Tagum-Davao-Digos segment) is a 105-km line that is expected to reduce travel time from Davao del Norte to Davao del Sur from 3.5 hours to just 1.3 hours. It will have eight stations: Tagum, Carmen, Panabo, Mudiang, Davao Terminal, Toril, Sta. Cruz, and Digos. A 10-hectare depot will be built in Tagum City. (PR)

domain: news


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This is the best gingerbread I have ever tasted. They are simply delicious. Soft, melt in your mouth and so fragrant. If you do not have a favorite, reliable provision, I encourage you to try this. Do not be disappointed. Hell it many times and never failed me. I recommend a very!
Recipe found on the blog 'My Pastries’.
- 1 kg of wheat flour
- 8 yolks
- 3 egg whites
- 1,5 glass of sugar
- 3 tablespoons of cocoa
- 200ml of a dense, sour cream at room temperature
- 3 teaspoon baking soda
- 4 łyżeczki przypraw: 2 cinnamon, 1 Carnation, 1/2 instant coffee, 1/2 pepper (zamiast tego dałam przyprawę do piernika)
- 1 of butter or margarine (250g)
- 400g of honey
Gingerbread dough to be prepared the day before the planned burning.
Boil honey and spices, discontinued, add butter to dissolve the. Cool. In a large bowl, mix cocoa with flour. Dissolve soda in sour cream and set aside to increased volume. Whip egg whites to stiff peaks, add sugar, still whisking add the yolk. Add beaten eggs to flour and mix gently. Then add the honey cooled down, stirring. Finally add the cream and soda and mix thoroughly. The dough will be rare, but after 24 hours thickens. Cover with plastic wrap and set aside in a cool place (in my fridge).
Ready to spend the dough on floured pastry board strewn. Roll out to a thickness of about 3mm (I wałkowałam coarser, Then ginger are very soft and does not harden, at least I) and cut out any shapes. When rolling to a lot of flour podsypywać, because the dough is quite sticky.
Gingerbread put on a lined baking tray with baking paper. Bake at 180 ° C for 7-12 minutes (I baked 7). Cool on a wire rack.
If you want to, Your gingerbread to be shiny, should be greased before baking egg white beaten. I do not lubricate their, because all I devote to lukrowania. *
For the icing:
- glass (250ml) of sifted powdered sugar
- hot water
To pour the icing sugar a little hot water, until the desired consistency. If frosting is too thin will come out come out, add a little sugar, if too thick, add a few drops of water.
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domain: food


VIDEO: Seyi Shay & Harmonize – Koma Roll Mp4 Download
Koma roll serves an afropop mix of Nigerian and Tanzanian dance melodies on the same track. Its a club banger with an infectious sound that is guaranteed to make you move. and it’s coming after she serve the visuals for Gimme Love with Runtown.
The Video was shot in Nigeria and Directed by Cardoso Imagery. and is available on Apple Music, Tidal, Spotify , BoomPlay Music, Habari and world wide music stores.


text:
Lectures and Education
Elmore describes herself as a storyteller, and her images spring to life when she puts down the camera and agrees to speak, teach, and write about her work. She loves to teach and relishes educational programming tied to her exhibitions. A nature theme runs through Elmore’s signature work as well as her presentations, and she welcomes the opportunity to partner with conservation and gardening organizations as well as to collaborate with other artists on multi-disciplinary events.
“Flowers for Mom” is Elmore’s series honoring her mother’s Alzheimer’s journey and celebrating nature. Since August 2, 2016 she has photographed a flower a day, and Elmore is passionate about using her artistic journey to reach out to those touched with brain disease as well as those in their circle of care. So doing allows her to remind people that in the midst of hardship, we must all strive to notice and appreciate beauty each and every day. Opportunities to grow the audience for this project allow flowers to lead into important discussions about issues facing those affected by brain disease.
To inquire about your audience being enlightened and entertained, contact Elmore.
photo by Mark Dauber


Judge Ghassan Aattabrmhafez the Iraqi Central Bank on the Keywords Off Sale Atarabbarnavzh sell currencies in the bank will lead to Anhiarraldenaralaraca financial situation in Iraq in general, stressing the central bank say that Amadtrellkiem this task, but Uahjm about the performance of this financial Alldorlanharaloda in Iraq.
Keywords and said in his Hawwarajrah envoy agency Uzaly economy Almatmralsnoa the sidelines of the Union ofArab Banks , which was held in Beirut recently to Waglguena sale Atarlasubh window Sarsrv Atarmabin 3, 4000 dinars, and maybe more.
He said the governor also Sndpartya case Cancel Currency window to print trillions of Aldnaniralaracah annually to cover the local need of the dinar, will lead to Iraq 's infrastructure to Anhiaralamlh due to inflation, excessive Aomayaraf cash.
And about the prospects float Aldenarabraghi , similar to other countries in the region, Keywords said this Alammergarmatarouh sealed the moment, we are working on Thariralamlh not floated, the difference Kparbin Monday denied Keywords existence coin auction at the Central Bank, but the sale of foreign currency window, stressing that the central mediator between the Ministry of Finance and the Algmehorles only.
Turning to the experience of Lebanon and Jordan, in the preservation of Astaqrarammeltehma, explaining that thesituation in Iraq is different, and noted that the solution in Iraq is to reduce demand through structural Atarmen Iraqi economy correction, rather than through a reluctance to sell the dollar.
The governor stressed the central bank sought to settle the employees ' salaries in private banks, confirming the existence of a trend for the resettlement of all Iraqis salaries of employees over the next year in 2017 in the banks.
And welcomed the Governor of the Central Bank of any request to host the House of Representatives, stressing the importance of the meeting with the Parliament, on the basis of the fact that monetary policy specialty issue can not be dealt with from afar, or through skirmishes and analysis Garadakkiqh.
This will be Nherns of dialogue with the conservative magazine Aladeddakadm Iraqi banks issued by the Iraqi private banks association started.


text:
There are times when inexpensive electricity is really hard to come by because almost every little thing around us is already operated by electricity. Nevertheless, it does not mean that you have to give up and let the electric companies drain your pocket. Several reports already mentioned that Texas will experience an increase in energy prices. It is a little slower when compared with previous months. It is absolutely a large issue for many folks because there will be an increase in the cost of energy. It's a good thing that there are plenty of methods to lower your monthly payments. You can check out a number of of the straightforward tips to make sure that your monthly bills will likely be lower.
Recognizing How To Get Texas Electricity - Ideas And Suggestions
The most basic way to conserve energy is to make of natural lighting during the day instead of using your artificial lighting. During daytime, allow all-natural light enter your house to light up it and artificial lighting at night.
You will find lots of strategies to reduce your monthly electric bills and they are very simple and easy to do. You can check out quite a few of the best recommendations below on how you can reduce your monthly bills and get low cost electricity.
If you'll conserve energy, you can greatly improve your financial situation. This may be not a difficult thing because these suggestions are very easy. You need to make sure that you will follow these suggestions and enjoy your low monthly bills.
You must also understand how you can correctly utilize your appliances since they are the main element that affects your electricity bill. It is best to start replacing your old appliances and buy new designs. The old home appliances are normally inefficient and they more energy so buying a new one will be beneficial. New models do not up plenty of energy and they might be more efficient than old models. Even if your appliances are turned off, they can still consume energy if they're plugged in the outlet. You have to unplug your appliances if you are not using them.
You can try thinking about these renewable power options as a form of alternate to reduce your monthly bills. You can them the entire night and start collecting energy during day time.
You will need to spend some money for this, but you can preserve more if you will replace them without delay. Your monthly bills will considerably go down because new models are designed to help conserve more electricity.
You should think about renewable power options because it is among the newest methods to lessen your monthly energy bills. Renewable power sources can decrease your monthly bills by a huge amount. They could directly affect your consumption of energy. You can try making use of these options at night and the current energy source during daytime. You can claim that the installation of alternative energy options can be a tad costly, but it is definitely a good choice in the end. It is always well worth the money so you must try these out.
Plugged home appliances still consume energy when they're switched off so you must make sure that they are unplugged after utilizing. This is a mistake that plenty of home owners make so if you really wanted to preserve some energy, you must unplug your home appliances.
Comparing Standard Details Of Getting Texas Electricity
You are absolutely trying to save money, but you can save more in the long run if you replace them. You can anticipate that your bills will go down as the new models do not up lots of energy.
There are lots of ways on how you can effectively lessen your monthly electric bills and they are very simple. You can check out a number of of the best suggestions below on how you can decrease your regular bills and get low-cost electricity.
It is best to also recognize how to properly your appliances because they are the major factors in your monthly energy bills. Basically, in case you are still making use of the old models, they will definitely up more energy compared to new ones.
Many people are stressing with their energy bills almost every month. Well, this is the truth that you have to keep in mind if you're located in Texas because based on reports, the cost of energy will increase, although it any price increase will be lower when compared with prior times. It may look like good news to other individuals, but it does not mean that you can simply sit around and permit the energy companies drain your money.
News On Getting Texas Electricity
Step-by-step Information On Getting Texas Electricity
News On Getting Texas Electricity
You can try thinking about these renewable power options as a form of alternate to lessen your regular bills. You can collect energy during day time and them at night.
Conserving energy can greatly improve your financial situation and it is not really a bad thing to look at these tips as they are very simple. You should comply with these recommendations and enjoy your low regular bills.
If you still incandescent bulbs, you need to try switching your lights. It is always easier to go for CFL or LED bulbs since the incandescent bulbs discharge 98 percent of the energy that they consume to heat.
It is a fact that you're attempting to save money, but replacing will likely be a good suggestion in the long run. You could expect that your bills will go down since the new models do not consume lots of energy.
Straightforward Suggestions On Texas Electricity
If you're looking for the best and the newest approach to lessen your monthly electricity bills, you have to be looking at renewable energy sources. As you may know, only the renewable power sources can greatly impact your regular bills because it has the ability to minimize your bills to half. You should the renewable sources at night and your existing energy supply should be used during daytime. You can state that the installation of renewable power sources may be a tad costly, but this is definitely a good choice in the long run. It's always well worth the money so you should try these out.
The most practical way to save electricity and reduce your bills is to close your lights when you're not utilizing them. all-natural light in daytime as well. Open your curtains and allow all-natural light inside your home so you won't have to open your lights during day time.
Practical Suggestions Concerning Considering Ways To Get Texas Electricity
My Trouble-free Advice For Obtaining Texas Electricity
The best method to save electricity and reduce your bills is to close your lights when you are not using them. natural light in daytime as well. You don't have to open your lights during daytime because you can permit all-natural light to light up your home during the day.
You should also know how to properly your home appliances if you would like to save money on electricity. Your regular bills are normally focused on your appliances. The best method to do this may be to substitute your old home appliances and buy new designs because these new appliances are designed to up less energy and provide the same efficiency as your old designs. It's correct that you will have to invest plenty of money on new designs, but it is a great move in the end.
It is best to try switching your light bulbs if you are still using incandescent bulbs. These bulbs discharge almost 98 percent of their consumed energy into heat so CFL or LED bulbs are more power efficient.
Comparing Standard Specifics Of Getting Texas Electricity
You need to remember that your monthly bill is related to your electrical appliances so you must know how to them correctly. The best thing that you can try to do is to replace your old appliances and buy new models. The new models actually consume less energy and they offer the same efficiency as your old ones. This type of thing should be done in case you are planning for long term because you need lots of money for this.
There are instances when affordable electricity is really hard to get because every little thing around us utilizes electricity. Nonetheless, it does not mean that you need to give up and allow the electric businesses drain your pocket. Reports mentioned that Texas will likely be experiencing an increase in energy prices, but it will probably be sluggish compared with previous times. It is definitely a large dilemma for quite a few individuals because there will probably be an increase in the price of energy. It's great that there are plenty of ways on how you can reduce your regular bills. You can check out quite a few of the easy tips to make sure that your regular bills will be lower.
If you'll try using these alternative energy options along with your existing supply, your bills will surely go down. This will undoubtedly be a good approach to reduce your regular bills.
The proper of your home appliances to preserve energy is very important as well because your monthly expenses is growing because of your electrical home appliances. The best approach to do it is to replace your old appliances and buy new models because these new home appliances are created to up less energy and provide the same efficiency as your old models. It's correct that you will need to invest lots of money on new models, but it is a great move in the end.
You need to make an effort to unplug your home appliances when they're not in use as they still consume energy if they're still connected. This is certainly one of the largest blunders of homeowners. You must not do this and always unplug your appliances after utilizing them.
You can try thinking about these renewable energy options as a type of alternative to reduce your regular bills. You can gather energy during daytime and them at night.
Renewable power options will also be the best thing to look at if you'd like to significantly reduce your monthly electric bills. A number of folks are still not using the energy options since they believe that you will need to spend a lot of money for this. If you plan to this as a type of alternative, you will absolutely benefit in the long run.
You must also recognize how you can your home appliances correctly. They are the major factors in the increase in your monthly bills. The first thing that you need to do is to replace all of your old appliances and buy the latest models because old home appliances consume a lot of energy and they are already inefficient. New designs can consume less energy and they can be efficient compared with old models. Even if your appliances are turned off, they could still up energy when they are plugged in the outlet. You should unplug your appliances if you are not making use of them.
The great thing is that you could always conserve electricity and decrease your monthly payments. Here are a few recommendations that you can comply with if you want lower monthly bills on electricity.
Many people have been attempting to complain because of their huge energy bills monthly. It is the truth that you have to face, specifically if you are residing in Texas. Based on reports, there will be an increase in the price of electricity, but it will probably be less when compared with previous times. This may be not good news, although a number of people are attempting to be positive. You cannot sit around and let the companies get your cash.
Alternative energy options will probably be the most important thing that you should look at because it can substantially reduce your monthly energy bills. Alternative energy sources can reduce your monthly payments by a large amount. They can directly affect your consumption of energy. You can these sources during night time and your current energy source in daytime. It is a fact that alternative energy sources could be a tad costly when you decide to install it, but this will be a great decision over time. It is always well worth the money so you should try these out.
You must consider renewable power sources because it is one of the newest methods to decrease your monthly power bills. Alternative energy options can substantially impact your monthly bills since they have the ability to minimize your bills with a large amount. You can these options during night time and your existing energy source in daytime. Renewable power options could be a little pricey; particularly the installation, but this could be a good decision for the long run. You should try these as they will definitely be worth your cash.
Reasonable Suggestions On Choosing Ways To Get Texas Electricity
There are a number of individuals who do not actually care about the lighting because they firmly believe that the bulbs are not taking in plenty of energy. You must know that your light bulbs can actually increase your monthly bills because they consume lots of energy. If you are using incandescent bulbs, you should substitute them straight away with CFL or LED bulbs.
Quite a few folks do not really care about lighting since they believe that your light bulbs will not really up a lot of energy. If you're always making use of your lights 24/7, you can anticipate that they could greatly affect your monthly bills. If you're utilizing incandescent bulbs, it is best to substitute them right away with CFL or LED bulbs.
If you conserve energy, you can also conserve more money in your monthly payments and you can handle your finances well. If you can substantially reduce your regular bills, you can save more money in the long run. These suggestions will help you achieve this.
Plugged appliances still up energy when they're turned off so you should make sure that they are unplugged after utilizing. This may be among the errors made by homeowners. If you'd like to preserve energy, you should always unplug your appliances.
The proper of your home appliances to preserve energy is very important as well because your monthly expenses is growing because of your electrical appliances. The best way that you could think about is to substitute your old home appliances and start buying new models. The new designs are made so they might up less energy and provide the same efficiency. Well, you will need to invest plenty of money on the new models, but it is a great plan over time.
It's true that we always look for cheap electricity, particularly if you are residing in Texas. The price of electricity is increasing continuously. The price of electricity is alleged to be higher even though any increases will probably be a little sluggish in comparison with prior times.
Step-by-step Details On Getting Texas Electricity
If you want to conserve money on your expenses, you can look at all these ideas to assist you. If you look at these suggestions, you will experience a large drop on energy bills.
Many people have been attempting to protest because of the huge electricity bills monthly. It is the reality that you should face, specifically if you are residing in Texas. Based on reports, there will be an increase in the cost of electricity, but it will likely be lower in comparison with previous months. A number of individuals are expecting this already. You should not sit around and wait for these companies to drain your cash.
You must always unplug your appliances when you're not making use of them as they still up energy when they're turned off. This is absolutely one of the largest mistakes of homeowners. You need to not do this and always unplug your appliances after making use of them.

domain: finance


text:
【 Electronic drug history | Case Study】
By introducing Musubi, an electronic drug history system that also provides support for improving pharmacy management, the company has improved operational efficiency and increased the number of tracing reports.
*Check a case study at the related URL on the bottom of this page if the case study is not shown.
【 Summary 】
Temari Kofu Pharmacy (SPATEL Co., Ltd.) used another electronic drug history system before the introduction of Musubi, and at that time, the electronic drug history system was used as a tool for writing drug histories and only filling in the form.
By utilizing Musubi's functions, it is possible to provide medication instruction while showing the screen, visualize management data, follow up with patients by LINE, and improve inventory management efficiency through AI.
The company decided to introduce Musubi with the expectation that it would enable better medication guidance to patients and improve the level of pharmacists.
After the introduction of the system, the company was able to go paperless and reduce the amount of time spent on filling out medication histories, and the extra time has led to an increase in the number of tracing reports being written.
|Service provider :||KAKEHASHI Inc.|
|Service user :||SPATEL Co., Ltd.|


I am sure you will have a fantastic day at the Turf and it's the FA Cup - so who knows???
If u want to meet up for a decent pint of northern ale before the match let us know.
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I always like behind the scenes stuff – be it movies, Discovery channel’s “How it’s made” or anything like that. Similarly, when there’s a little bit of background about what goes into making a bike, I eat it up.
It’s also really nice to see companies leaning on their pro’s for feedback and product development. I know it’s commonplace with most companies now, but it’s nice when that aspect of the relationship is highlighted (Specialized and Cervélo also spring to mind), and it’s always nice to see it first hand (well, through video anyway ;-)
Sheldon will be stoked about this one… Though I’m still baffled it’s taken Rocky until 2011 to upgrade their XC race rig to full carbon.


During the week, 'Breaking Bad' creator Vince Gilligan fronted up to a wide-ranging AMA on Reddit, from topics such as the shows casting, to the spin-off series 'Better Call Saul'. But one of the most interesting nuggets (and considering it's high level of community upvotes, it clearly resonated with the Reddit community) was that fans might soon be able to eat at the currently fictional Los Pollos Hermanos restaurant - the front for Gus Fring's meth manufacturing business.
Asked by Reddit user NameForMartin whether he had considered opening up a real-life Los Pollos Hermanos, Gillian responded "Believe it or not... there is talk of a Pollos Hermanos becoming a real restaurant. This is not an idea that I generated personally. But it's one that's been presented to me, through the good folks at Sony, and the idea came to them from a businessman who has an interest in doing just that. Speaking for myself, I'd love to see that happen!"
Life imitating art indeed!
Last updated: Apr 6, 2020 at 08:43 pm CDT
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text:
TG Alphabet Soup
Terms and acronyms
PG: Pangender. Comprising more than a singular gender. Origin is recent.
TG: Transgender. The abbreviation, like the term, is quite overloaded.
TV: Transvestite. The term and acronym are falling out of favor and often considered anachronistic.
T*: Trans-everything, from computer lingo where the asterisk matches all.
XD: Crossdresser. Anachronistic.
XV: Transvestite. Anachronistic.
Status and Pecking Order
Within the TG Community, those who are identified with some terms are often seen as having a higher social standing than others. There is no universal order, but often those at the higher levels of this pecking order tend to be those who have completed SRS, those who have completed social Transition, and those who ""Pass well" or present effectively, visually and audibly, in public.
Those on the lower pecking-order levels are often, but not always Drag Queens, gender-variant sex workers, "street transgenders", and those whose orientation tends to be fetishistic or whose presentation tends to be flamboyant, etc. Drag queens who become successful stage performers often times have an elevated status within the Community.
Within TG support groups and social organizations, bona fide transition track individuals are frequently considered to be of higher standing than those who identify as Crossdressers or drag queens.
Physical attractiveness, the ability to pass visually and audibly, and other related attributes frequently result in an elevated status within TG organizations.

domain: sociology