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The United States Coast Guard On The Great Lakes
Copyright © 2007 Thomas P. Ostrom
To the men and women of the United States Coast Guard who have served with honor and courage from 1790 to the present. And to Lt. Ross Fleischmann (USCGR, Ret.) who served on the Great Lakes and in the USCGR Unit in Duluth, Minnesota, and who provided the author with invaluable information.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author would like to extend his appreciation to the sources listed at the end of this book; to the U.S. Coast Guard personnel who contributed their knowledge and professionalism; Dr. Robert Browning, the U.S. Coast Guard Historian, and his assistant, Coast Guard historian Scott Price, provided invaluable historical information, sources and photographs.
Dr. James Brady Foust, geography department chair at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, and his talented cartography students, Philip Holleran and Drew Flater, facilitated and designed the exemplary Great Lakes maps used in the book.
Captain Fred Herzberg (USCG, Ret.), director of the Foundation for Coast Guard History, provided positive and constructive criticism on my previous book, The United States Coast Guard, 1790 to the Present. Captain Herzberg coached me on Coast Guard terminology and concepts to prepare me better for this book. The FCGH sponsored book, The Coast Guard (2004) was a significant source. Aviator-historian Lt. Cmdr. Thomas Beard (USCG, Ret.), the editor-in-chief of The Coast Guard, encouraged me in my historical writing.
Author, editor and publisher David St. John guided me through the publishing of my first book, and encouraged me in this one. The magnificent cover art was by Karen Salee, and the scrupulous copy editing was by Brian Firth.
Laura Jacobs, the curator of the Lake Superior Maritime Collections Archives at the Jim Dan Hill Library, University of Wisconsin-Superior, guided me through a plethora of articles, documents, and photographs. UWS public affairs specialist and maritime author Al Miller led me to the UW-S Lake Superior Maritime Collection, inspired me with his own writing, and provided source material.Reference librarian David Ouse and his colleagues at the Duluth Public Library directed me through a valuable Coast Guard and Lake Superior collection.
John J. Galluzo, maritime historian and executive director of the United States Life-Saving Service Heritage Association, provided encouragement, source material, and the opportunity to write for the USLSSHA journal, “Wreck and Rescue.”Port Promotion Manager Lisa Marciniak of the Duluth Seaway Port Authority offered ideas, source materials, and her invaluable knowledge of port authority activities.
Steve Plunkett and his parents, Elizabeth and Judge Roger Plunkett, owners and operators of The Extraordinary Bookseller in Rochester, secured essential sources and offered encouragement and a hospitable environment for my literary endeavors.
Former Division 2 Captain Doug Cederholm, and Tom Romaine, Flotilla Captain in the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, Eighth Coast Guard Division, Western Rivers Region, and their intrepid colleagues encouraged my writing, invited me to attend and speak at meetings, clarified terminology, and provided information about the responsibilities, activities and training of USCGAUX personnel, even as USCGAUX members in the Washburn-Bayfield-Ashland area of Wisconsin provided important information and perspectives.
The Coast Guard complement at the Marine Safety Office and Office of the Captain of the Port in Duluth, and on the USCGC Alder, extended their hospitality and expertise during my 2004 and 2005 visits, as did Coast Guard personnel at Station Bayfield in Wisconsin.
Russ Gunvalson, a World War II veteran and POW, inspired me with his military service, and proudly shared information from the career of his son, Cmdr. Todd Gunvalson, USCG (Ret.).
Thomas P. Ostrom
1.A Brief Coast Guard History (1790 to 2006)
2.Predecessors on the Great Lakes (1790-1915)
3.The Coast Guard Emerges (1915-1939)
4.World War II to the Present (1945 to 2006)
5.Station Duluth (1866 to 2006) 6.The USCG Reserve and Auxiliary
7.Aids to Navigation
8.Great Lakes Light Stations
9.Great Lakes Ice Breakers
10.Buoy Tenders on the Lakes
14.Port Security, National Defense, and Commerce
15.An Overview of the Ninth Coast Guard District
16.Coast Guard Command Leadership
That experience stimulated my desire to study and then chronicle the domestic and global missions of the multimission service in my first book, A History of the United States Coast Guard, 1790 to the Present. This book, A History of the Coast Guard on the Great Lakes, is a regional history of the Coast Guard on the Inland Seas.
The seasonal extremes of the humid continental climate on the Lakes are associated with pleasant summers, severe storms, high seas and winter ice. Dedicated Coast Guard Regular, Reserve, Auxiliary and civilian support personnel are stationed on Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior.
The USCG is responsible for port security, ship and boat safety inspections, law enforcement, aids to navigation, search and rescue, the enforcement of fisheries and pollution laws, ice breaking, immigration and narcotics interdiction, and national defense.
The Revenue Service and the U.S. Life Saving Service were combined into the U.S. Coast Guard in 1915. The USCG was transferred from the Treasury Department to the Department of Transportation in 1967. After the 9.11.01 terrorist attacks upon the United States, the Coast Guard increased its national defense role and historical articulation with the U.S. Navy. In 2003 the Coast Guard was merged into the Department of Homeland Security.
The personnel of the Ninth (Great Lakes) Coast Guard District continue to add glory to the Coast Guard motto, “Semper Paratus, Always Ready.”
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE U.S. COAST GUARD
(1790 to the Present)
The maritime service has carried out its duties in times of peace and war at home and overseas. Coast Guard missions and responsibilities are domestic and global. The Coast Guard performs search and rescue (SAR), national security, port security, ship and boat inspection, aids to navigation (ATN), environmental protection, law enforcement, drug and immigration interdiction, fisheries enforcement, and oceanographic research missions.
The Coast Guard and its predecessors, the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and U.S. Life-Saving Service, have saved tens of thousands of human lives at a cost of hundreds of its own personnel in honoring the Coast Guard motto, Semper Paratus (Always Ready).
The Coast Guard maritime domain has included international, coastal, and inland waters and rivers, including the Great Lakes (the Inland Seas): Huron, Ontario, Erie, Michigan and Superior.Before we begin our survey of the Coast Guard on the Great Lakes, a brief history of the service will provide context.
In 1789 the federal government established the U.S. Lighthouse Service. Aids to navigation, such as lighthouses and channel and harbor marking buoys, facilitated the safe passage of boats and ships in coastal and inland waters.Navigation aids were used in British colonial America and the United States. Lightships (floating lighthouses) were introduced in the early nineteenth century.
The first lighthouse was built by British colonists in Boston Harbor (1716). The light beacons were illuminated by various kinds of wicks, oils, and complex glass lenses and prisms that magnified and concentrated light beams to be visible on clear nights to ships at sea.
Men and women who contributed to vessel and crew safety with their diligence, courage, and skills manned the lighthouses. They saved the lives of seafarers and passengers by venturing out in small boats to rescue victims in storms and shipwrecks, risking and sometimes losing their own lives in the process.Women have served in the Coast Guard since the earliest lighthouse days. In recent decades women have commanded boats, cutters, aircraft, stations, districts and regional command areas.
The origin of the Coast Guard dates to 4 August, 1790. With the support of President George Washington and Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, Congress authorized the creation of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service. Ten revenue cutters were constructed to enforce tariff laws. Customs duties on imports were the only source of revenue for the new federal government.
The U.S. Lighthouse Service (USLHS), which became part of the Coast Guard in 1939, worked closely with the Coast Guard’s predecessor, the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service (USRCS), sometimes referred to as the Revenue Marine.The USRCS was the first federal navy. The U.S. Navy came into being in 1798, in time to join the USRCS in the undeclared naval war with France and the War of 1812-1814 against Britain.
The USRCS was ordered to enforce tariff laws in the port of Charleston, South Carolina (1833) when merchants, in actions that were precursors to the Civil War (1861-1865), refused to collect and pay import duties which they perceived to threaten states’ rights and commercial prosperity.
The Steamboat Inspection Service was placed under the Justice Department in 1838, and later the Treasury Department and the Coast Guard.
The initially voluntary U.S. Life-Saving Service (1848) was created to rescue coastal seafarers in distress. Over the years USLSS and lifeboat boat stations were placed along the Ocean and Gulf coasts and Great Lakes shorelines.The U.S. Revenue Cutter Harriet Lane fired the first naval gunfire of the Civil War on 12 April, 1861. In 1876 USRCS cadets began training at the School of Instruction, the forerunner of the Coast Guard Academy. The U.S. Life Saving Service (USLSS) was placed in the Treasury Department in 1878 and under the newly created Coast Guard in 1915. With the purchase of Alaska from Russia (1867), the RCS began patrolling North Pacific, Alaskan, Bering Sea, and Arctic waters. The USRC Bear and other cutters served with distinction in the dangerous, icy cold, waters.
The USRCS and Public Health Service served the Inuit (Eskimo), Indian, and Euro-American inhabitants of
The USRCS and Public Health Service served the Inuit (Eskimo), Indian, and Euro-American inhabitants of 1915) and the USCG (1915-1919), served with distinction on Alaskan waters and the Bering Sea Patrol.Orville and Wilbur Wright initiated powered aircraft flight in 1903. Personnel from the Kill Devil Hills (North Carolina) U.S. Lifeboat Station stabilized the aircraft before takeoff and took photographs of the famous flight. After the sinking of the British passenger ship Titanic (1912), the revenue cutters Seneca and Miami tracked icebergs in the International Ice Patrol. Coast Guard aircraft now patrol the iceberg areas.
The USRCS merged with the USLSS to form the United States Coast Guard on 28 July 1915. Commandant Ellsworth Bertholf guided the Coast Guard through the service’s homeland and overseas missions in World War I. During that war and subsequent international conflicts, the USCG was transferred to the U.S. Navy. After World Wars I and II, Coast Guard commandants testified in Congress in opposition to attempts by Congress to place the USCG under permanent USN jurisdiction.
World War I (1914-18), initially called The Great War, disrupted the neutrality of the United States, which entered the conflict belatedly in 1917. The USCG assisted the USN in guarding Allied convoys, tracking and sinking German submarines, and saving thousands of lives on search and rescue missions, while losing almost 200 coast-guardsmen.
Coast Guard aviation missions commenced in 1916 when USCG personnel were admitted to the U.S. Navy flight training school at Pensacola, Florida. Lt. Elmer Stone (USCG) made the first airplane crossing of the Atlantic Ocean (1919) in a U.S. Navy NC-4 floatplane, pre-dating the 1919 Alcock/Brown and 1927 Lindbergh non-stop flights. The first operational USCG Air Station was established in 1920 at Morehead, North Carolina.
Seaplanes (flying boats) were used by the USCG in peace and war. In 1944 the first Coast Guard helicopter landing on a cutter occurred on the USCGC Cobb. A leader in helicopter flight since World War II, the USCG used boat-hulled helicopters for SAR from the 1960s until 1994, when the last HH3F amphibious rotor aircraft was retired. Lt. Frank Erickson (USCG) was a leading proponent of helicopter use in defense and search and rescue missions.
rescue missions.33) on the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes. Using patrol boats, ocean-going cutters, and destroyers on loan from the U.S. Navy, the Coast Guard carried out the dangerous and unpopular mission, and suffered casualties and federal court adjudication in the process.
World War Two (1939-45) drew the USCG into domestic port security and overseas missions. The war was fought on land and sea in Europe, North Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The United States entered the war after the Japanese attack on U.S. military bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (7 December 1941). The USCGC Taney fired upon Japanese aircraft and subsequently served in combat in the Pacific and later in the Vietnam War. During World War II the USCG conducted prewar and wartime convoy and anti-submarine patrols in the North Atlantic. The USCGC Northland captured several German military personnel in Greenland and a German trawler three months before America officially entered the war.Coast Guard personnel assisted the FBI in the discovery and apprehension of German agents who reached Long Island (New York) from a German submarine.
The U.S. Coast Guard Reserve was initially formed as a civilian organization in 1939. The USCGR was designated to carry out domestic Coast Guard duties so regular service personnel could assume wartime duties at home and overseas.
The USCGR became a military arm of the Coast Guard in 1941. The civilian Coast Guard Auxiliary was created to carry out support activities. Auxiliary units assisted the USCG in aids to navigation (ATN), port security, life saving, boater safety, and search and rescue missions.After the terrorist attacks upon the United States on 11 September 2001, the Auxiliary performed its functions on inland and coastal waterways.
Ethnic minorities and women have served in the USCG in civilian and military capacities. During World War II members of the Women’s Coast Guard Reserve, known as SPARS from the service motto Semper Paratus, served under the command of Capt. Dorothy Stratton. Since World War II women have served in most Coast Guard ranks and rates in regular and reserve capacities.
The USCG has contributed technological innovations to maritime history. Commander L.M. Harding, in cooperation with academic and civilian scientists and the other military services, developed the LORAN (longrange electronics aid to navigation) system. LORAN has guided ships and aircraft in peace and war from World War II to the present. LORAN has since been supplemented by more advanced navigation technology systems.
After World War II the Coast Guard returned from U.S. Navy jurisdiction to the Treasury Department, and resumed peacetime functions. During the Korean War (1950-53) the USCG performed military support duties in the Pacific, ran destroyer escorts, manned LORAN stations, and served port security functions at home and overseas.In 1957 three Coast Guard cutters navigated across Arctic waters. The U.S. Navy transferred its icebreakers to the Coast Guard in 1965.
In that same year, Coast Guard cutters were ordered into the Vietnam War, where more than 8,000 Coast Guard personnel served on port security, ocean and river patrol, helicopter SAR, and LORAN station missions. Coast Guard personnel served with distinction and suffered casualties in military support operations in Vietnam between 1965 and 1973.
The year 1967 is significant in Coast Guard history. The distincti ve USCG “racing stripe/slash” was added to aircraft, boats and cutters, vehicles, signage, and stationery. In 1967 the Coast Guard ended its 177-year affiliation with the Treasury Department and transferred to the new Department of Transportation (DOT).After the 11 September, 2001 terrorist incidents, federal reorganization plans were developed. In 2003 the Coast Guard became part of the new Department of Homeland Security. The Coast Guard created Strike Teams in 1973 to police and clean up maritime petroleum and chemical pollution spills. In 1989 the Coast Guard responded to the Exxon Valdez tanker oil spill in Alaskan waters.
In 1975 the 729-foot cargo carrier Edmund Fitzgerald sank in a November storm on Lake Superior. Capt. Jimmy Hobaugh (USCG) took the 180-foot USCGC Woodrush (WLB 407) out of the port of Duluth (Minnesota) into heavy seas, high winds and a snowstorm to search unsuccessfully for the missing vessel and crew. The World War II vintage buoy tender and icebreaker Woodrush was built by the Zenith Dredge Company in Duluth in 1944.
The 22-hour search, aided by the crews of merchant vessels, for the Fitzgerald yielded no survivors. A subsequent Coast Guard investigation attributed the sinking to multiple factors.
In the 1980s the Coast Guard and Navy conducted joint patrols in the newly established Maritime Defense Zone and teamed up on national security, narcotics and immigration interdiction missions.
Not all goes well on every Coast Guard mission. Search and rescue missions often occur in storms and hazardous waters. ATN duties take place in relatively inaccessible places that require the placement of warning markers and other guideposts. In such circumstances, cutter and boat crews can be endangered, and Coast Guard vessels damaged and even sunk.
At 2:10 a.m. on a cold December morning in 1989, Lake Superior claimed the USCGC Mesquite, a 180-foot buoy tender that had grounded off Keweenaw Point, Michigan. The Mesquite had been servicing a navigational aid in a heavy current in dark water.
Investigators blamed an overworked, understaffed crew, some of whom later received awards. Other crew members got reprimands and reassignments. A Coast Guard report cited errors in judgment and the misuse of the cutter’s updated and sophisticated navigation technology.
Coast Guard active duty (regular) and reserve personnel were deployed with other U.S. and Allied military forces against Iraq in Operation Desert Storm (1990-91) and Operation Iraqi Freedom which commenced in 2003.
After “9/11” 2001 and in the Pe rsian Gulf wars, Coast Guard men and women earned citations and medals. In April 2004 DC3 Nathan Bruckenthal (USCG) was killed on a patrol boat mission in the Persian Gulf. Patrol boat commander Lt. Holly Harrison (USCG) received a Bronze Star in a separate Persian Gulf mission.
On 11 September 2001 the Coast Guard responded to terrorist attacks by Islamic extremists upon New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. Port security and harbor patrols were coupled with armed helicopter missions over strategic ports, waterways, bridges, and power and petrochemical facilities.Coast Guard Sea Marshals monitored and boarded commercial vessels coming into U.S. sea-lanes to protect and secure harbor areas, and deter and detect potential terrorist attacks.
The Coast Guard partners with port authorities, local, state and federal law enforcement, and the U.S. Customs Service to inspect ships, cargo containers, and port infrastructure. The task is overwhelming, considering the 25,000 miles of navigable coastal waters and 360 major ports that constitute the domestic maritime domain.Regular and Reserve Coast Guard personnel confronted the war on terror with new techniques and cooperative training with U.S. Secret Service and U.S. Marine, Army, Navy and Air Force personnel.
In the late 1990s and into the 21st century, Coast Guard Commandants Adm. James M. Loy and Adm. Thomas H. Collins acquired increased federal funding, and more advanced technology and military platforms to meet new challenges and carry out operations in deep (blue) and littoral (coastal) water patrols.
This concludes our brief review of Coast Guard history from 1790 to the present. With that history in context, we can now explore the role of the U.S. Coast Guard on the Great Lakes in general, and Lake Superior in particular.
Note: Sources used for Chapter 1 (A Brief History of the Coast Guard) are cited in the Appendix A, Chronology and in the Bibliography. Chapter 1 is based largely upon the Chronology and a precis of the author’s book, The United States Coast Guard, 1790 to the Present, Elderberry Press, 2004.
COAST GUARD PREDECESSORS ON THE GREAT LAKES
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT of Americans in the 19th century brought Euro-Americans to the North Central Plains and the Great Lakes two hundred years after Native Americans and French explorers had visited and settled the Inland Seas.
With the extraction of natural resources (forestry, mining, farming, fishing) and commerce and shipping on the shores of the Great Lakes, the Federal Government stationed the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service, Lighthouse Service, and U.S. Life Saving Service on the fresh-water lakes. These agencies, which evolved into the U.S. Coast Guard, established aids to navigation (buoys and lighthouses), steamship inspections, and life-saving stations.
The U.S. Revenue Cutter Service (USRCS) was formed in 1790 under Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, as directed by Congress. The USRCS served as a maritime police, life-saving, and defense force empowered to collect federal revenue duties on imported goods.The smuggling tradition that frustrated the British still flourished in North America after the Revolutionary War. The RCS eventually suppressed smuggling, the slave trade, and piracy.
The USRCS existed before the U.S. Navy was established in 1798. The first ten armed sailing cutters and their crews served under the Treasury Department, as did the future Coast Guard. In 1967 the U.S. Coast Guard was transferred to the new Transportation Department. In 2003 the USCG was assigned to the new Department of Homeland Security.Maritime historians believe the presence of the Lighthouse Service and Revenue Cutter Service on the Great Lakes dates to the early19th century, between 1809 and 1820.
The first Great Lakes lighthouse was built in 1818. The War of 1812-1814, between Great Britain and the United States, resulted in a post-war agreement in which the British territory of Canada and the United States limited the number and armament of military vessels in their respective navies, with preference for revenue vessels. Those provisions of the Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) suggest Revenue cutters may have been on the Inland Seas before the War of 1812.
Primary-source historical works, official documents, and travel journals reveal that a Captain Gilbert Knapp commanded the U.S. Revenue Cutter Alexander Dallas out of Detroit (Michigan) in 1819. The Revenue Cutter Fairplay operated out of Chicago (Illinois) before 1819. Captain Daniel Dobbins (1829) commanded a revenue cutter along Pennsylvania’s Lake Erie shoreline from Presque Isle. Dobbins commanded the USRC Erie after 1832.
In the spoils-system politics of the Jacksonian era, Presque Isle District Collector of Customs Thomas Forster defended the professionalism of the crew of the USRC Erie and his son, a lighthouse keeper, in a letter to the Treasury Department (1833). In 1837-38, the Revenue Cutter Erie assisted the U.S. Army in suppressing a Canadian insurrection involving several hundred sympathetic armed Americans in the New York-NiagaraCanadian frontier zone.
Treasury Department records of vessel movements (1790 to 1933) refer to six revenue cutters on the Great Lakes between 1848 and the Civil War (1861-1865). Several cutters were transferred to the Atlantic Coast for wartime duty. The cutters were named after prominent historical, civilian, military and government figures. Government procurement agents leased sea-worthy vessels for Great Lakes cutter duty. The ships of the Civil War era were side-wheel steamers supplemented with masts and sails.
From the end of the Civil War until 1930, the missions of Revenue and Coast Guard cutters assigned to the Great Lakes included boat regatta patrols, life-saving, shipwreck rescues, the enforcement of U.S. Customs laws, and logistical support for U.S. Life Saving and U.S. Lighthouse stations and crews (O’Brien, 1976, pp. 3- 9).
Sailing ships were vulnerable to the winds that powered them. With shifting winds ships sailing close to shore could be swept into rocks and broken apart on sand bars. When ships acquired machine power, steel hulls, and sophisticated direction finding technology, shore-based rescue services and lighthouses diminished in significance (Noble, 1994, p. 16).
Kit and Carolyn Bonner concisely described the dangers of sea faring: “Waves, wind, shifting currents, rain, sleet, fog and ice sink and damage countless vessels and will continue to do so as long as men and women sail.” But disasters stimulate maritime innovation and reform. The Bonners remind us that “the International Ice Patrol was established and administered by the USRCS and USCG after the RMS Titanic disaster (1912) to warn ships of icebergs and Atlantic ice floes” (Bonner, 2003, p. 13).
The first United States Congress created the Lighthouse Establishment (1789) under the Treasury Department to inspect and maintain lighthouses and other aids to navigation (ATN), such as piers and buoys in port, bay, inlet and harbor areas, for the purpose of “rendering navigation easy and safe” (O’Brien, 1976, p. 13).
Before the advent of electricity, natural, whale, and vegetable oils and lard and kerosene fueled lighthouse illumination systems, magnified and directed by huge, elaborate glass prisms and lenses. The most famous lens was the Fresnel Lens. /
The U.S. Lighthouse Service functioned from 1789 to 1939, when the USLHS was placed under Coast Guard jurisdiction. U.S. Navy, Army Corps of Engineers, Treasury, Customs and Commerce department officials carried out lighthouse inspections. Civilian craftsmen and building contractors constructed and maintained the massive light structures that had to withstand the snow, cold, ice, waves and storms of the Great Lakes.
Federal documents indicate the first Great Lakes lighthouse was completed on Lake Erie (Presque Isle) in 1819, followed by the Buffalo (New York) lighthouse in 1820. The territory of Michigan received Congressional authorization (1819) for the construction of a lighthouse at the mouth of the Detroit River, and authorization (1823) for the placement of another lighthouse near the St. Claire River.
Given the perilous locations where light warning systems were usually placed, and the periodic storms and winter ice conditions of the Great Lakes, lighthouses required several years to construct. Building crews and lighthouse keepers experienced harrowing experiences and life-threatening incidents. Lighthouse and Lifeboat station keepers proudly wore their professional uniforms and medals. Keepers, their spouses and other family members performed life-saving missions in small row--boats at personal risk, and suffered occasional loss of life. Motor-powered boats were not widely available until the first decades of the 20th century.
Life-saving medals and commendations were awarded to keepers and their families by government agencies and private and commercial organizations. Medals were awarded to Revenue Cutter sailors and, after 1848, members of the U.S. Life Saving Service.
Frederick Stonehouse chronicled the history of the U.S. Lighthouse Service in his book, Lighthouse Keepers & Coast Guard Cutters (2000), and included the lives of several male and female keepers on the Great Lakes. Their heritage is preserved in the names of modern Keeper Class Coast Guard cutters like the USCGC Drew (WLM-557). Captain Frank Drew, a Green Bay (Wisconsin) and Lake Michigan keeper, won medals and commendations for heroic actions at shipwreck scenes, and for saving the lives of dozens of people between 1899-1929 (Stonehouse, 2000, pp. 219-231).
Within the years of Drew’s tenure, the Chequamegon Bay arm of Lake Superior was the scene of numerous ship groundings and sinking due to fog, fierce storms, and shipboard fires. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, cargo vessels evolved from wooden sail and side-wheel steamers to wooden and steel-hulled steam ships. In the post-Civil War era, and most significantly after 1870, increased commerce on Chequamegon Bay stimulated the growth of the Wisconsin port towns of Bayfield, Ashland, and Washburn. Ships from Duluth and Superior, and other Minnesota North Shore ports, contributed to the increase in maritime traffic through the Apostle Islands and Cheqamegon Bay.
The crews of fishing vessels, tug boats, and large cargo vessels which carried passengers, fish, cattle, gr


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New Communities Partnership
The New Communities Partnership: aiming to deliver £1 billion of new UK housing
Along with Cheyne Social Property Impact Fund and the Housing Growth Partnership (HCA and Lloyds Banking Groups’ joint venture), we launched the New Communities Partnership in May 2016. This provides housing associations and local authorities a unique model for building new homes on existing land.
This offers the opportunity for new income from land while addressing housing needs and supports socially responsible developments that provide wider employment, apprenticeships, and sustainable economic benefits.
In addition, the Partnership enables local authorities to reduce waiting lists for rented housing, cutting costs and controlling tenant nominations.
Critically, the Partnership also offers a model that substantially increases the proportion of affordable homes on each site. With scope for up to 50% of homes to be affordable, we’re making major advances on the average 11% achieved in traditional developments over the last three years.
Our collective expertise spans the lifecycle of home building, embracing procurement, funding, site assembly, construction, sales, management and maintenance. All of these are tailored to the individual needs of each client.
The Partnership aims to unlock the production of much needed mixed-tenure housing, stalled by on-going austerity pressures on Local Authority and Housing Association budgets


Developer submits new plans for 100 homes in Aberdeen
Houses proposed to the east of Kingswells
Published: 26/06/2013 www.eveningexpress.co.uk/Article.aspx/3293149
DETAILED plans have been submitted for nearly 100 homes on the outskirts of Aberdeen.
Stewart Milne Homes wants to build a mix of housing to the east of Kingswells.
Concerns have been raised by Kingswells Community Council and others about how traffic would be managed and overcrowding at the local primary school.


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- By autor: Chengfei Ying
Is it a piece of cake to translate children's literature works well? If you think "Yes", you are absolutely wrong.As a matter of fact,translation of children's literature is as difficult as, if not more difficult than, that for adults. The difficulty lies in the unique demand from child readers who expect wonderful works with dramatic plots, lifelike characters, vivid pictures but no difficult and...
Paperback: 76 pages
Publisher: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing (November 15, 2011)
Product Dimensions: 5.9 x 0.2 x 8.7 inches
Format: PDF ePub Text djvu book
I learned about things I never thought about as it pertains to the music industry. Either way, the truth is the truth whether you believe it or not. ” Alas, these words from Act III, and the song in Act IV, (“Who is Silvia. ebook Strategies For English-Chinese Translation Of Children’S Literature: To Be A Good Bridge Pdf
. I hated how the owner treated him. His career and his love life seem to be going alright from an outsiders point of view. Just when I think I have things figured out, there's a twist that completely derails my theory. Every idea offers several different variations, which I found to be very helpful. His storytelling is uneven at times, which is why I gave this book four stars instead of five. I haven't read the first book in the series yet and I didn't have a problem following the story line. Well, I had to take the time to make lots of errors, figure out how to correct them, deal with both competent and incompetent bosses (I learned from both), and I spent 13 years in night school and 25 years of practical experience in both the public and private sectors. This volume should prove very valuable to activists and theorists alike, and it does a fine job of integrating theory and practice. As I read on I was very pleasantly surprised to find I was captivated by an alternate reality based around WWII technology and Pacific theater villains (Japanese Navy) allied with some bloodthirsty super reptiles thrown in for good measure. This is an extraordinary book about an extraordinary person in part because in chapter after chapter, Skloot manages to consider his illness and recovery with self-effacing humor and wit and a generosity of spirit. So, although she's friends with a couple of fellow misfits at school, October starts spending her time in the cemetery - conveniently located through the gate in their backyard.
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d language.This requires that a good translator has to successfully finish the task of meaning transference in a way child readers prefer but not the translator himself likes. This thesis is especially written to study in depth what strategies are effective when translating Englsih children's literature works into Chinese. The author shows the equal respect to the original authors and target child readers. She provides ways of analyzing original texts and generalizes child reads' mentality, psychological characteristics and language capability. By analyzing examples from classic works, she advocates several effective strategies to help translate English children's works into Chinese. It is a good choice for students, teachers,translators,publishers and parents.

domain: library


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Share the Hope that is within you...
|"Feed the flock" spiritual food in due season.|
Then said he to his disciples, The harvest truly is plenteous, but the laborers are few;” Matthew 9:37
He told them, "The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field.

domain: agronomy


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Romanticism (also the romantic era or the romantic period) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Not until august wilhelm von schlegel’s vienna lectures of 1808–09 was a clear distinction established between the “organic,” “plastic” qualities of romantic art and the “mechanical” character of classicism. Don't get me wrong, this is a great book it encompasses almost all critical art and art history of romanticism, and is complimented by a zesty layout and visually stimulating pictures throughout. The art of romanticism is present in literary works, poetry, performing arts, and music during the period of romanticism, poetic creations were focused on nature's attractiveness and individual experiences in a locality.
Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more khan academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. Romanticism thesaurus definitions of romanticism 1 antonyms: classicalism, classicism a movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms type of: artistic style, idiom the style of a particular artist or school or movement. Romantic art did not displace the neoclassical style, but rather functioned as a counterbalance to the latter's severity and rigidity although romanticism declined about 1830, its influence continued long after.
Romantic art synonyms, romantic art pronunciation, romantic art translation, english dictionary definition of romantic art n 1 often romanticism an artistic and intellectual movement originating in europe in the late 1700s and characterized by a heightened interest in nature. Romanticism summary romanticism, unlike the other isms, isn't directly political it is more intellectual the term itself was coined in the 1840s, in england, but the movement had been around since the late 18th century, primarily in literature and arts. Romanticism, term loosely applied to literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and 19th cent characteristics of romanticism resulting in part from the libertarian and egalitarian ideals of the french revolution, the romantic movements had in common only a revolt against the prescribed rules of classicism classicism, a term that, when applied generally, means clearness, elegance. What is romanticism romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late 18th century western europe it stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom within or even from classical notions of form in art, and overturning of previous social conventions, particularly the position of the aristocracy.
Romanticism as literary, artistic, or personal style romantic emotion often has an inner-outer orientation: the inner self and nature way out there (separate from everyday society) one's inmost soul or self is touched by the beauty of nature, or reaches out to that beauty in the country, the mountains, the stars. Romanticism definition is - a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions, and marked especially in english literature by sensibility and the use of autobiographical material, an exaltation of the. History art history general overview romanticism was a cultural movement that started in europe it was somewhat of a reaction to the industrial revolution which occurred during the same time period.
Romanticism was an intellectual and artistic movement that originated in the second half of the 18 th century it was a reactionary response against the scientific rationalisation of nature during the enlightenment, commonly expressed in literature, music, painting and drama. Romanticism: romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of. Tate glossary definition for romanticism: early nineteenth century term describing the movement in art and literature distinguished by a new interest in human psychology, expression of personal feeling and interest in the natural world.
Romanticism, first defined as an aesthetic in literary criticism around 1800, gained momentum as an artistic movement in france and britain in the early decades of the nineteenth century and flourished until mid-century. Another lecture on romantic art will be forthcoming category education show more show less loading advertisement. Romanticism was a major international movement that was influential in shaping modern views of art, literature, and music it was at its height between 1798 and 1830 but it came later in some countries, such as italy, spain, and the united states.
Romanticism (also the romantic era or the romantic period) was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850 it was partly a reaction to the industrial revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the age of enlightenment, and the. Where the romantic art movement appeared and what inspired it the romanic movement originated in germany, then it spread to england, france and the rest of europe across the atlantic, america had its own version of romanticism, the hudson river school, which was the first truly american school of art.
What is romanticism romanticism was (and is) an international movement that swept western europe and russia at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that ran from the late eighteenth century through the nineteenth century it stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of nature. Romanticism (also known as the romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850 romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification.

domain: history


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Ryan Seacrest shared a throwback photo to his Instagram account on Thursday.
In the snap, the 46-year-old media character was seen having fun with himself in his youthful days whereas preparing for an outside barbecue in a forest panorama.
The Live with Kelly and Ryan host additionally identified that he was ‘the happiest camper’ within the submit’s caption.
Seacrest has made a behavior out of sharing his outdated pictures to his Instagram account, with certainly one of his most up-to-date posts displaying him as a younger grownup whereas posing for a image.
The radio character was seen flashing his pearly whites for the digicam whereas wearing a heavy blue shirt.
He made a reference to his old-school clothes selection within the submit’s caption, the place he humorously requested his 5.1 million followers, ‘Do you even denim bro?
Earlier this 12 months, Seacrest shared a brief assortment of pictures to his account, all of which confirmed him utilizing varied items of dated know-how.
He included a snap of himself as a younger youngster holding a hi fi whereas smiling for the digicam, foreshadowing his future profession in broadcasting.
The Keeping Up With The Kardashians creator’s closing technology-related shot confirmed him sitting in entrance of an outdated laptop whereas taking part in a online game.
In the later portion of final month, the media character shared a four-way break up photo that contrasted his look over a number of seasons of American Idol.
Seacrest referenced his gradual change in wardrobe within the submit’s caption, as he wrote: ‘Can’t resolve if I ought to go enterprise or informal this season….’
The radio determine first grew to become concerned with the hit singing competitors present throughout its first season in 2002, the place he shared internet hosting duties with comic Brian Dunkleman.
After the sequence’ meteoric rise to success, the media character grew to become the only real host of American Idol and went on to host its short-lived spinoff, American Juniors.
The Georgia native went on to lead the present up till its preliminary cancellation by Fox in 2016 and returned for the ABC revival, which is at present in its fourth run of episodes.
His fellow radio character Bobby Bones notably stuffed in as a visitor host for a single episode of American Idol’s seventeenth season when Seacrest fell ailing.

domain: celebrity


1999 Chevy Astro 6 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic
We have several Chevy Astro Minivans used in an A/C Service Company. They are V-6, Auto Trans W/ Overdrive, Rear Wheel Drive.
They average about 8-10 MPG and cannot carry much weight at all or they will not make it up the steep inclines. It is a mountainous region.
The top speed limit on the island is 35MPH.
We need to be able to carry more than just our tools in the vans and get more MPG also. As it is the vans stay in first or second gear going up hill. When coming down an incline even downshifting to 2nd gear doesn't provide the necessary slow down.
Our question is; to be able to carry a normal load and be able to climb and decelerate normally as well as improve fuel efficiency, should we use a higher gear ratio in the rear differentials, or replace the overdrive transmissions with a 3 spd unit, or both, or we're open to suggestions.
This is a serious question with far reaching implications to a real business. Serious answers with corroboration would be appreciated.
have the same problem?
Sunday, October 4th, 2009 AT 1:34 AM


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STA staff urges top EU officials to protect STA, media freedom in Slovenia
Ljubljana, 31 August - Representatives of STA staff have send a letter to top EU officials noting that despite calls to restore the financing of the STA, the issue has still not been resolved. Moral support by senior representatives of the EU unfortunately no longer suffices, the letter reads.
The rest of this news item is available to subscribers.
The news item consists of 3.152 characters (without spaces) or 625 words words.
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domain: politics


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Josefina Cruz, 77, was born in a small village in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, where her family lived without plumbing or electricity.
She fondly recalls fetching water from a well to bring back to the house and grilling insects with peppers and vegetables since meat was a rare treat.
Cruz moved to Mexico City, where she met her future husband, Manuel Perez. On Sept. 19, 1985, a massive earthquake rattled their apartment building. The family rushed outside, but Manuel ran back inside to rescue their youngest child, Ricardo, who was 2 years old.
Just as he entered, the building collapsed, killing both him and their child. Cruz and the other five children survived.
Cruz's youngest surviving son, Manuel, served in Kuwait with the U.S. Navy until 2005. After returning stateside, he encouraged his mother to apply for a visa so she could live with him.
Cruz and her family run Grandma's Kitchen, a Mexican food stand, at the Walla Walla Farmer's Market. They also offer a catering service for special events.
Cruz, who has lived in Walla Walla since 2007, is the focus of this week's Voices from the Walla Walla Valley at wallawallavoices.com

domain: news


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The family of a popular Louisville radio show host who died after a brief illness has filed a lawsuit against a hospital.
The lawsuit says that Norton Audubon Hospital was negligent in its care and treatment of 43-year-old Francene Cucinello, who died in January of a brain aneurysm. Cucinello had hosted the “Francene Show” on WHAS radio since October 2003. She often interviewed local, state and national politicians.
Norton Healthcare chief medical officer Steven T. Hester told The Courier-Journal that Cucinello received excellent and appropriate care at the hospital.
He called the death “tragic,” but said it “occurred despite the efforts at Norton Audubon Hospital, including those of the dedicated physicians and nurses who worked hard to save her life.”
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domain: medical


Word on the street is that an 8K capable sensor could be available for OM Digital Solutions, Panasonic, and others soon.
It’s no secret that both Olympus (now OM Digital Solutions) and Panasonic have desperately needed a new sensor. For the past six years, the same old 20 Megapixel sensor has been slapped into their cameras. Because of this, the Micro Four Thirds platform has been at a standstill. Meanwhile, other platforms such as APS-C have moved on in leaps and bounds. This lack of progression has forced photographers to look elsewhere. However, this could change as a new sensor that’s 8K capable could be making its debut soon. Is it too little too late for the platform? Will it be enough to make photographers reconsider the M4/3 platform? Let’s talk about this after the break.
Over at 4/3 Rumors, you’ll find a post that talks about a new Micro Four Thirds Sensor From Sony. The new Sensor will apparently be able to record in 8K. This means the sensor will be at least 32 megapixels. Noise about this sensor has been around since late last year. However, the informant who went to 4/3 Rumors has now apparently confirmed that it is coming. Is this going to be enough to entice more photographers and videographers to the platform? Will 32+ megapixels be too much to cram into such small sensors? Let’s discuss.
Why Would You Pick M4/3 Over APS-C or Full-Frame?
One of the biggest selling points of the Micro Four Thirds system is it’s weight advantage. This won’t change any time soon. Yes, Full-Frame Mirrorless cameras are getting smaller (see the Panasonic S5). However, the lenses are just as big as they always have been. Having a smaller overall package to carry around that’s half the Full-Frame weight is a huge selling point. Adding in a better sensor to the mix should make Micro Four Thirds much more desirable.
Can Current Lenses Even Resolve That Many Megapixels?
I would have no doubts at all about this. M.Zuiko lenses and Pana/Leica lenses are some of the sharpest I have ever used (and trust me, I’ve used a lot). I have always thought these lenses would resolve a lot more detail with a more powerful sensor. If stories about the 32+ megapixel sensor are true, you wouldn’t have to worry about this.
Will Noise Be Out of Control?
We all know that, due to the small sensor size (physical size) of M4/3 sensors, low light performance is not the best. It’s not bad, but it does struggle when compared to other platforms. Cramming more megapixels into the same space should, in theory, mean more noise. Why? Well, because the photosites themselves will be that much smaller. Each pixel will be able to gather less light, and less light means more noise. However, you have to remember that the current 20 Megapixel sensors in Micro Four Thirds cameras are regular CMOS sensors. New BSI (Back Side Illuminated) sensors can control noise at higher ISO’s much more efficiently. So, you might find that noise levels might remain about the same as they are now. However, you’d have the extra benefits of increased dynamic range and detail in your images.
Too Little Too Late?
Has the Micro Four Thirds ship already sailed? Unfortunately for some, I would say yes. Many photographers who used the platform have moved on to either APS-C cameras or Full-Frame options. However, many I have spoken with lament the extra size and weight of other platforms. It’s possible that a big leap forward like this could entice many to give the platform another chance. In fact, it could even scoop up many first time users too. You cannot deny that the Micro Four Thirds platform has the best IBIS of any system. Unique AI features have also found their way into cameras of late as well.
Panasonic has recommitted itself to the platform. OM Digital Solutions plans on focusing on video and high-end cameras for photography too. A 32 Megapixel sensor lines up with those visions perfectly. Imagine a Panasonic G10, a GH6, and GH6S with a 32 Megapixel sensor. The G10 would be a photographer’s dream, while the GH6 and GH6S would be ideal for videographers who need 8K. A new Pen F II from OM Digital Solutions would be insanely popular with a beefed-up sensor. There’s also no doubt that the new sensor will come with a new processor, which would mean improved autofocus features and more AI. An EM1X II with a better sensor and improved tracking performance would be wonderful for birders and sports photographers. An EM1 IV would be perfect for photographers like myself who specialize in events, portraits, and landscapes. There could be some exciting times ahead.
Time Will Tell for M4/3
Technology has not been in favor of M4/3 cameras for a while. Still, I believe there is a future for the platform. Improving on what we like and use already will be great. OM Digital Solutions and Panasonic will have to find ways to squeeze every inch of performance out of this new sensor without impacting noise. They also need to retain everything else there is to love about the platform. If they can do that, then it could be a slam dunk. However, there’s much to be done in terms of re-branding the platform. Better messaging about what these cameras can do will be needed. New cameras with this sensor will need to appeal to a wider user base and not just to wildlife and nature photographers. If Panasonic and OM Digital Solutions can reposition themselves, this new sensor could do wonders.
What do you think about the new potential M4/3 sensor from Sony? Do you think this will give the platform the shot in the arm it needs? Would you consider using the platform with the new sensor? Let us know in the comment section below.


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The unpredictable British weather calls for sensible springtime fashion choices, so when it comes to investing in a suitably stylish bag go for all weather leather. Lulu Guinness has just released a range of compact cross-bodies to multi-purpose day bags, these sleek yet simple shapes will last you the whole season through.
This Nicola Leather Bag adds a touch of glamour to any outfit. It’s luxuriously soft and slouchy leather makes it ideal for taking you from day to night. This bag comes in a black smooth leather with a patent leather section. This classic style can be worn over the shoulder and is sure to add charm to any outfit throughout the year.
The Paula Leather Bag is a classic vintage handbag, and the patent finish not only makes for great arm candy, but will fend off any pesky raindrops that dare to fall on your beloved bag! With a secure top zip that covers the entire opening of the bag, this is a classic Lulu look that will look suitable against any outfit or any occasion.
Be sure to check out all the latest leather bags by Lulu Guinness now.

domain: design


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Hi folks, our todays latest coloring image which your kids can use with is Double Scoop Ice Cream Cone Coloring Pages, listed on Ice Cream Cone category. This coloring image height & width is about 600 pixel x 796 pixel with approximate file size for around 44.42 Kilobytes.
For more image relevant to the image right above you, your kids can explore the following Related Images section on the bottom of the post or simply surfing by category. You might find many other interesting coloring picture to pick up. Have a good time!

domain: hobby


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Josh Brolin, Diane Lane divorced
Los Angeles: Actors Josh Brolin and Diane Lane have finalised their divorce.
Lane, 48, filed for divorce in February this year and cited irreconcilable differences in the papers for the split. The duo got married in 2004.
The final documents were submitted Nov 27 in the Los Angeles County Superior Court.
The duo seems to have a private financial agreement as Lane did not demand spousal support after the divorce, reports tmz.com.
Post-marriage, Lane changed her name to Diane Lane Brolin, but now she has dropped Brolin from her name.
Josh Brolin is currently in a rehabilitation centre for his alcohol problem.


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“İstanbul Gönüllüleri” is a volunteer organization affiliated with the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and they have created this project in order to educate children on issues of nature and animal rights, via creative reading sessions based on a series of books, about the adventures of a rabbit named Papuduk, who attempts to discourage people who harm animals and nature from their wrong behaviour.
In the workshops, the volunteers were educated on creative reading methods, the content of the books, fundamental issues on the subject of sustainability, nature and animal rights. After the workshops, the volunteers participate in the reading sessions with the children periodically, in a municipality of Istanbul they choose. The volunteers keep contact with each other in order to share their results.
- The realization of the importance of early education in issues related to sustainability, nature and animals
- The realization of the importance of creative reading methods especially for educational purposes
Target group, beneficiaries or clients
- The target group for the workshops is volunteers. The target group for the reading sessions, are children usually around the ages of 5-12.
- A workshop on creative reading focused on the subjects of sustainability/nature/animals for volunteers who work with children.
- Creative reading is an innovative method of teaching especially for early childhood education. The workshops also teach the adults the subjects related to sustainability.
Unique Selling Point
- The volunteers also get educated on methods/techniques on interacting with children, especially unprivileged ones with traumatic backgrounds since they are usually the target group.
- It is impactful since, both children and adults are educated on sustainability related subjects while also receiving the benefits of the social interaction.
- It is highly transferable since it is easy to replicate a similar structure for other subjects. It can also be applied in any other municipality/city/country.
Contact Person (Optional):
Ms. Enrica Pautasso, firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: sociology


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SUSTAINABLE...Sustainable This...Sustainable ThatThe word sustainable has become more of a prefix these days whenever we talk of getting or doing something. But, what exactly does the word sustainable mean.The word sustainable means doing things in such a way that we get what we need and so does the future generation.
Even though these are the times of recession, people all around the globe are braving this period, this period will surely pass and good times will definitely come back. Even in these day our energy demands are on the rise and once the good days will be back, the increase would be on a much larger. … Continue reading Our Future: Where are we heading?


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These two wonderful superheroes are best friends and they are used to doing all sort of fun activities together. Soon both of them will become mommies and they need to go through one last check up. Join them to the doctor and see if everything is going well with them and the babies. Learn how to use Here you can play Hero BFFs Pregnant Check up game and watch its walkthrough for free in y82020.com. Hero BFFs Pregnant Check up is an amazing game from our list of Y8 2020 games.🎮 Instructions
Use Left Mouse button to Play📂 Categories
girls, baby, care, doctor, pregnant, superheroes, tattoo..

domain: entertainment


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If you wanted to get out to Three Ridges last week but couldn’t go you might enjoy this much shorter hike in the same area! We’ll start at the trailhead on Love Gap on the Parkway, 16 miles south of where 64 crosses the Blue Ridge, and hike about three miles out along the Three Ridges trail to a stunning view of the Tye River Gorge and the Priest mountain and stop for a snack break We’ll come back along the same route for a roughly six mile hike. passing apple trees, remnants of old homesteads and the Maupin Field Shelter on the AT. If there’s time we can also stop to identify some useful plants for food and starting a campfire and other survival skills.
Club provides: A seat in a car and money for gas
You provide: Your snacks, water to drink and anything else you need. Sunglasses and camera recommended and good shoes for a sometimes rocky trail.
Adventure will expand as drivers sign up.

domain: travel


Nearly every aspect of our life is being impacted by artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Salesforce Einstein AI platform is an intelligent AI technology integrated into the Salesforce platform that offers powerful AI technologies to everyone at their workstations.
Salesforce Einstein is an advanced artificial intelligence platform that gives users access to a more thorough and current view of their customers and sales opportunities. Moreover, the Einstein tool in salesforce Lightning offers administrators and developers a wide range of services to help them create intelligent applications and maximize AI for their companies.
In this blog, let us look into the future of the Salesforce Einstein AI platform & how it could provide valuable business insights to your organization.
Cloud ERP is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that enables enterprises to access through the internet. It runs on a vendor’s cloud platform. There are various benefits of Cloud ERP software that helps with procurement, production, distribution, and fulfillment by integrating and automating key financial and operational company processes. It also manages inventory, orders, and the supply chain.
Benefits of Salesforce Einstein in Marketing, Sales, and Service?
Providing a more individualized customer experience is the primary objective of AI for Salesforce CRM. It automates mundane operations to save time for more significant actions by using improved insights and predictable outcomes. Let us look at the Benefits of Salesforce Einstein in the areas of Marketing, Sales, and Service.
Integrating Salesforce Einstein with Clouds:
Let’s analyze how Salesforce Einstein technology integrates with various Salesforce clouds.
LMTEQ provides Salesforce support and maintenance services for the entire administration and development of all your Salesforce products and ensures hassle-free workflow. We also provide you with Salesforce Integration Services and Salesforce Lightning Migration for when your organization needs a change.


Howlin hails 'fundamental change' to public-sector pensions
New pension arrangements have come into effect for all new public servants.
The provisions will not affect existing public servants but will impact any new teachers, nurses, gardaí, judges and politicians who join after January 1.
The new rules bring to an end the system whereby pensions are calculated on final salary at retirement.
A pension will now be based on average earnings across a person's career.
Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform Brendan Howlin says the reform is ground-breaking.
"We've spent a year bringing in these changes in the Dáil and Seanad,
"These were part of the arrangements negotiated with the Troika. They have been, I can't say supported because they haven't been supported, but they haven't been resisted by the public sector unions.
"They are a fundamental change in the way pensions will be calculated into the future."


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location > 6009 Paseo Delicias, Rancho Santa Fe
phone > 858-756-3085
chef > Martin Woesle
ONE FINE EVENING in the merry month of May, Martin Woesle chopped a few nasturtiums, tossed the red and yellow confetti over a bowl of white asparagus soup and sent it to table with cinnamon-scented croutons that underscored the supple-as-silk texture. After three spoonfuls, it became clear that Mille Fleurs might well reclaim its title as best restaurant in the county.
Soup, scene, service: Several years ago, even regulars who regarded the Rancho Santa Fe landmark as an auxiliary residence feared it was fading. Restaurateur Bertrand Hug divided his attention between Mille Fleurs and his newer eatery, Bertrand at Mister A’s, and as son Julien Hug recently observed, “the décor was a little dated and needed freshening.” The place began to revive after Bertrand named his son manager. A Torrey Pines High graduate, Julien now is 32, and the role of patron fits him comfortably.
Hug pere et fils also invested in a remodel that retains the intimacy and quietly privileged mood that make Mille Fleurs magnetic to those with sufficient resources. The servers, most on the job for a decade or two, understand their privileged clientele, never seem intimidated and respond easily to well-traveled sophisticates whose summer ranks include the Thoroughbred owners who entertain nonstop through the Del Mar racing season.
It helps to remember that Mille Fleurs translates as “A Thousand Flowers,” and while there never seem to be quite that many on the premises, they make the rooms sparkle. Like the Chino’s Farm vegetables that Woesle crafts into exquisite presentations, the blooms change with the weather. One night, precisely aimed halogen lamps made groupings of sunflowers in four-sided urns glow like golden stars; on another, yellow chrysanthemums in cobalt vases stood alongside oil lamps flickering in polished glass pillars.
The new, richer décor cut openings in the wall that separates the elite front room (where seating at one of the twin “power” tables is taken as a birthright by some guests) and the larger, livelier, sun-drenched-by-day main room. Tile murals preserved from the old days, when Mille Fleurs patterned itself after a Portuguese villa, now look like framed masterpieces.
“I believe we have all the elements a wonderful restaurant should have,” says Julien. “We could be in New York, but we’re in Rancho Santa Fe. This is what people expect when they walk in looking for a wonderful restaurant.”
In the 22 years since Bertrand made Mille Fleurs his own, he has employed exactly one chef. Martin Woesle recently reflected on his tenure and said, “I’m here 22 years, and it only gets better.” Ruminating further, he teased, “Twenty-two years with Bertrand——call me Saint Martin.” Woesle could also be called Slim. Despite a career spent among the choicest foodstuffs, his trim profile suggests he avoids his own cooking. But some customers have made Woesle’s cooking their daily fare, to the point of occasionally lunching and dining there on the same day.
They never encounter quite the same menu twice. Mille Fleurs prints lunch and dinner lists daily, which are market-driven——and most insistently by whatever little jewels Chino’s may have plucked from the earth that morning. The famed farm and famous chef allied themselves years ago, and Mille Fleurs patrons take for granted that the finest produce in California will grace their plates. A nice feature inspired by San Diego’s annual Restaurant Week is a three-course, $40 menu available Sunday through Tuesday. The amazing white asparagus soup mentioned above happened to be one of the recent possibilities, so it seems clear Mille Fleurs does not stint with this bargain special.
ON THE OTHER HAND, it is possible to spend plenty on dinner, as plenty do. Appetizers at dinner tend to range from $12 (for a soup based on whatever vegetables have caught Woesle’s eye) to $25 (for luxuries like a Maine lobster salad with avocado, papaya and lemon dressing), and entrées are mostly in the mid-$30s. Desserts uniformly command $12, and while this figure may seem less than sweet, it seems insignificant when the plates present items such as a pistachio-chocolate torte with saffron and candied orange peel or an elaborately garnished lemon cake layered with pistachio mousse.
Formerly, Mille Fleurs never troubled with amuse-bouche, the tiny, complimentary appetizers that new luxury restaurants have made an expectation among their patrons. Now, Woesle whips up beauties like a pairing of onion-coated hamachi tartare with a miniature, caviar-crowned blini and, on another occasion, a couple of bites of buttery, seared raw ahi in a wondrous mustard sauce posed atop shavings of Chino’s best beets.
Formal appetizers can get pretty exciting, too, like a beautiful salad of white asparagus with real Parma prosciutto and a drizzle of orange-blossom honey–sweetened vinaigrette ($19). Another combination, smoked eel on a bed of beets and potatoes with sweet onions, horseradish and quail eggs, might sound strange to Americans but mimics delectable traditions in Northern European and Scandinavian cooking ($19).
Woesle cooks French but remembers his German roots, which were deliciously evident in a presentation of a rosy-red venison chop with spinach spaetzle ($36). “The spaetzle has its own integrity, so leave it plain,” said a server regarding the boat of juniper-berry sauce that so beautifully moistened the meat. He was right: The distinctly flavored dumplings tasted best unsauced.
The flavors of Morocco interpreted through European eyes gave memorable savor to an olive-crusted lamb tenderloin perfumed with thyme and honey and served with carrots and cous cous ($35). A pair of veal medallions breaded and sautéed in the style of Weiner schnitzel were excellent with their “décor” of caper berries and lemon slices ($35), if rather thicker than in Austria. And a crisp sauté of veal sweetbreads (a meat not always understood in the United States) set the tender nuggets of meat adrift in a sea of tiny spring peas, the thinnest green beans, miniature carrots and even smaller florets of baby cauliflower ($29). Bound together with a morel mushroom sauce, the dish was breathtaking.
Mille Fleurs serves lunch and dinner daily at 6009 Paseo Delicias in Rancho Santa Fe. Reservations are suggested; telephone 858-756-3085.
|Click here to make a reservation |
for dinner at Mille Fleurs.

domain: food


“I have lost my dearest friend and creative partner James Ingram to the Celestial Choir,” Allen wrote on Twitter. “He will always be cherished, loved and remembered for his genius, his love of family and his humanity. I am blessed to have been so close. We will forever speak his name.”
Allen did not specify when or where he died or give a cause of death.
Ingram was nominated for 14 Grammys and took home two trophies throughout his decades-long career, which started when he left his hometown of Akron, Ohio, for Los Angeles at just 18 with his band, Revelation Funk.
Ingram’s career took off in 1981 when the legendary Quincy Jones included his song “Just Once” on his album “The Dude.”
“I hung up on Quincy,” Ingram told the Chicago Tribune in 2012. “I was never no singer. I never shopped a deal, none of that. My wife said, ‘James, that was Quincy.’
“He called back, and we started talking. I said, ‘Yeah, that’s me.’ He put that on his album.”
Also included on the album was “One Hundred Ways,” which earned Ingram his first Grammy for best male R&B vocal performance.
Ingram continued to churn out hits, like the 1982 Patti Austin duet “Baby, Come to Me.” The track topped the Billboard charts a year after its release thanks to renewed interest after it was featured prominently in the soap opera “General Hospital.”
The musician’s first solo album, “It’s Your Night,” was released in 1983, and featured another hit: “Yah Mo B There,” a duet with Michael McDonald. The song earned the pair a Grammy for best R&B performance by a duo or group with vocals.
That same year, Ingram also co-wrote the Michael Jackson hit “P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing).”
Ingram’s next major hit came in 1986, when “Somewhere Out There,” a duet with Linda Ronstadt, was included on the soundtrack of the animated film “An American Tail.”
The track won song of the year at the 1988 Grammys and peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard charts.


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Soo.. in preparation for the September newsletter.. These are the events I'll be at in the coming weeks. Classes, shows, workshops, events.. We've got 'em all :) Hope to see you there too! Warning, long post ;)
WÜRSELEN, DE - Th 27 Sept 2012 - WORKSHOP DRUMSOLO
18:30-20:00h Drumsolo madness - Mini-Workshop
Price: 14 Euro (Optional!) Performance opportunity at B2B Festival in Maasmechelen on Su 30th Sept for all participants. Enrollments now open!
Information - Website
FB Event: https://www.facebook.com/events/348976548523948
LONDON, UK - Fr-Su 21-23 Sep 2012 - FESTIVAL SITC
Will be traveling to London this Sept together with miss Queenie to take classes with Dina, Aziza, Orit and Kazafy and watch the fabulous show :) Shimmy in the City Festival in London (SITC) - Hope to see you there as well! FB Event: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Shimmy-in-the-city/168886873171671
DEN HAAG, NL - Sa 29 Sep 2012 - WORKSHOPS, SHOW and FESTIVAL ASLI SHARQI
Whoop! Am honored to be part of the fabulous Asli Sharqi Festival in The Hague/Den Haag (Asli Sharqi), where I will be teaching a workshop floorwork (!) and silk veils (single and double - a few loaners available on request!) plus performing at the Saturday evening galashow, along with Tito Seif (!!!), Tjarda, Anasma, Leana and others. Can't wait!
- 13.00-15.00 workshop Silk Veils - max 16 participants
- 15.30-17.30 workshop Floorwork - max 12 participants
- 21.05-22.00 Show
FB Event: https://www.facebook.com/events/116496061829707/
MAASMECHELEN, BE - Su 30 Sep 2012 - SHOW BELLY2BELLY
Show/Open stage day in Maasmechelen (Belly 2 Belly Festival)- A whole day of dance performances :) I will be dancing there along with the Jahanára ladies AND the participants of the drum solo workshop (those who would like to perform) of 27th of September 2012. Can't wait!
Tickets: 5 Euro; Information Website
FB Event: https://www.facebook.com/events/246749885407645/
WÜRSELEN, DE - Th 04 Oct 2012 - CLASSES - FREE TRY-OUT!
For the start of our new class season we'll have a day of FREE try-out classes for new beginners as well as for intermediate/advanced students or students interested in drills.
No enrollment needed for this date, just swing by and come dance with us :)
- 18:30-19:45 L1/2 and new Beginners
- 20:00-21:15 Drills and L3/4
Information - Website
FB Event: https://www.facebook.com/events/500721489956574/
WÜRSELEN, DE - Sa 06 Oct 2012 - WORKSHOPS WITH NEPHÉLÉ
On Sa, 06th of October we are hosting the fabulous Nephélé of Belgium in Würselen. She will be teaching a workshop on Fanveils (loaners available!) as well as stage presence and presentation. Not to be missed!
- 11:00-13:00 Fan(tastic) Veils - Technique and combinations
- 13:30-15:30 Performance CPR - Confidence, Professionality, Radiance
FB Event: https://www.facebook.com/events/230884513667952/
BRNO, CZ - Th-Su 10-14 Oct 2012 - SHOW, WORKSHOPS, FESTIVAL TALES OF SAHARA (TOS)
Am honored and happy to be part of the fabulous Tales of Sahara festival in Brno (my first time teaching/performing in Czech Republic!) I will be judging the competition finale as well as teaching a workshop double veil and performing in the show. Hope to see you all there!
- Competition: 'Queen of Tarab' Finals on Fr 12 Oct
- WS: Sa 13 Oct - 10:00-12:00 Double Veil (a few loaners available!)
- Gala: Sa 13 Oct 19:00
FB Page: https://www.facebook.com/festivaltos
AALST, BE - Su 21 Oct 2012 - WORKSHOPS, HAFLA ORIENTAL MADNESS (OM)
Oriental Madness! On Sunday, Oct 21 2012 Katleen d'Herdt of Belgium will host workshops with Queenie and Khalida as well as a Hafla with open stage in Aalst, BE
- 13u-15u: Rhythm Combinations with Queenie
- 15u30-17u30: Arms and hand, technique & combinations with Khalida
- 19u30: Hafla!
FB Event: https://www.facebook.com/events/325706377513585/
After all of that madness.. there is.. MOAR :)
Details will be posted in the course of next month, for direct links to the other events in the next months please check out my events page at http://www.khalida.biz/bellydance/schedule.html (2012) and http://www.khalida.biz/bellydance/schedule2.html (2013)


Nashville, TN – Audience participation took on a new meaning when Billy Joel gave a Vanderbilt student the opportunity of a lifetime when he invited the budding musician on stage to play “New York State of Mind.”
Grammy winner superstar Billy Joel was doing a sold-out Q&A for students and faculty there when he invited the student, Michael Pollack, to come forward and play one of Joel’s classic tunes on the piano while Joel handled the vocals.
The impromptu performance before a very enthusiastic audience was captured on cell phone video (see below).
The Tennessean explains how Pollack got the chance to accompany the piano man on “New York State of Mind”:
“Pollack, 18, a freshman at Vanderbilt from the Long Island community of Roslyn, N.Y., came to the event knowing that at other Q&A performances Joel sometimes invites students on stage.
“So he made a pact with his roommate, Adam Luftig, that if Joel called on one of them, they would ask to come on stage.
“With his friends all pointing their fingers at him, Joel took note and called on Pollack.”
As you’ll see and hear on the video, Pollack asked if he could play “New York State of Mind,” and Joel simply replied “okay” as the audience cheered wildly.
Pollack had these thoughts about performing with Billy Joel:
“Once I started playing and I saw him leaning on the piano, I was just taken aback. I kept trying to kick myself and realize what moment I was in, because I’ve been a huge Billy Joel fan since I started playing music. He’s one of my biggest inspirations, he’s the reason I started writing and playing.”
Watch Billy Joel and Michael Pollack of Vanderbilt University perform “New York State of Mind” at the Langford Auditorium:
[Top image credit: Anthony Correia/Shutterstock.com]


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Table of contents:
- Who is a proper person?
- What is a proper food?
- How do you get a proper person certificate?
- Is legal heir and family member certificate are same?
- What is family members certificate?
- How do I get a legal heirs certificate?
- Who are Class 1 legal heirs?
- How do I prove legal heirship?
- Who can issue heirship certificate?
- What is the time limit to make a claims by legal heirs?
- Who can sign tax return for deceased?
- How do I get a w2 for a deceased person?
Who is a proper person?
Proper person means the registered owner or last prior transferee, whether or not described as fiduciary for another, or his or her authorized agent or legal representative or the successor to his or her interest by operation of law.
What is a proper food?
Food that contains all the nutrients like protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals in adequate proportion is called. Proper food.
How do you get a proper person certificate?
You can obtain a Family Member Certificate by applying in person and online in some other state or union territories. You should have valid documents such as ration card, pan card, voter id card. You should manually complete the application forms and submit in the respective MRO office of your area.
Is legal heir and family member certificate are same?
Once a property owner dies, only his legal heirs can partition the property. In your father's property, your mother, you and your siblings. ... Family membership certificate is issued by Village Officer which does not have the legal sanctity as a legal heirship certificate has.
What is family members certificate?
Family Member Certificate: What is a Family Member Certificate? When the head of a family expires, a family member certificate is sought by the surviving family members such as spouse, sons or daughters. This certificate is often required for settling legal matters, such as to inherit property or to claim insurance.
How do I get a legal heirs certificate?
Procedure For Obtaining Legal Heir Certificate
- Approach The Taluk Office. The applicant has to visit the Tehsildar or Taluk office. ...
- Receive The Application Form. ...
- Enter The Details. ...
- Attach The Documents. ...
- Affixing Stamp. ...
- Submit The Application. ...
- Verification Process. ...
- Issuing The Certificate.
Who are Class 1 legal heirs?
Class 1 Heirs Widow. Mother. Son of a pre-deceased son. Daughter of a pre-deceased son.
How do I prove legal heirship?
Address proof of legal heir can be any valid identity proof or telephone/mobile bill, gas bill, bank passbook with the name and address of the legal heir. Date of birth proof of legal heir can be a birth certificate, school transfer/leaving certificate, PAN card, passport etc.
Who can issue heirship certificate?
Legal Heir certificates are issued by the tahsildar of the district to recognize the actual deceased person living heirs and the succession certificates are issued by the court to the deceased person legal heirs.
What is the time limit to make a claims by legal heirs?
Thus the legal heirs of the original owner are barred by law as per the provisions of the Limitation Act and cannot file a suit today, i.e. 46 years after the property was transferred by the original owner to the subsequent owner. Thus the claim of the persons claiming to be legal heirs of B is barred.
Who can sign tax return for deceased?
If a taxpayer died before filing a return, the taxpayer's spouse or personal representative can file and sign a return for the taxpayer. In all such cases enter “Deceased,” the deceased taxpayer's name, and the date of death across the top of the return (2016 1040 instructions, Pg. 92).
How do I get a w2 for a deceased person?
For a copy of the decedent's tax return(s) use IRS Form 4506, Request for Copy of Tax Return. There is a fee for each return requested. The IRS can also provide a Tax Return Transcript for many returns free of charge.
- Do you go to purgatory before heaven?
- What happened to Harriet Winslow on Family Matters?
- How does a federal state work?
- What is friendly acquisition?
- What does L & D mean?
- What are the four major concepts of the cell theory?
- What is an offer and acceptance in contract law?
- Has Stone House Revival been Cancelled?
- What does being termed mean?
- Can at Rex eat a human?
You will be interested
- What set up conditions reflect STP?
- What influenced musical Theatre?
- Which describes the structure of the Declaration of Independence?
- How do you identify fault types?
- How does mutation contribute to evolution?
- What is Joseph II known for?
- What is the definition of algorithm in computer?
- What was James McBride's main purpose for writing hip hop planet?
- How do you win a science victory in Endless Space 2?
- What is the example of refer to?

domain: law


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The Stalinist Soviet Union, (c. 1920s to 1940s) shared the four major pillars of fascism: Authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism, and preserved class hierarchy.
Stalin, clearly was a social authoritarian, this isn't even debatable IMO.
Nationalism in the Soviet Union, while not standing out in history as that of Nazi Germany or Fascist Italy, was still rampant. There was extensive propaganda encouraging praise of Mother Russia, calling on the Soviets to Protect their Motherland, in the Great Patriotic War...
...which leads to Militarism. The Red Army was huge, and military and Political Commissars were supreme.
Finally, and the most important distinction IMO between fascist Stalinism and Marxist Communism... was the preserved class hierarchy. Most branches of Fascism include an extreme fixed heierarchy, whether the elite class was the Leader, the Military, the Capitalists, or just the State... the USSR under Stalin definitely had this. The "Communist" Party of the Soviet Union was an elite class of its own... while the rest of the people were left in dire conditions... something that the Revolution sought to put an end to.
So, what are your thoughts on this. Was Stalin a fascist?
On a lighter side note, despite my passionate opposition to authoritarianism, and my belief in the USSR's comparison to fascism... I cannot help but find in Soviet culture... some strange intrigue.
economic -9.88, social -8ish. eternal gratitude to Abood for this sig


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Clark Hulings Foundation 2015 recipient Leslie Hirst premieres her first solo exhibition OBJECTIVELY SPEAKING at Cedar Crest College Center for Visual Research until May 15th. Funds from CHF supported Hirst to realize this exhibition, where a variety of medium and approaches are utilized to connect seemingly arbitrary but inherent relationships between the visual and verbal. The sweeping natural light of the gallery enhances Hirst’s three project “collaborations” with the sky.
Sell More Art
Sign up (free) for an introductory course for professional artists: Sales Strategies for Growth.


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When Of a Kind launched its online store for local, handmade fashion and home goods in 2010, there was little to compare it to. Fast forward four years, and the space has suddenly become crowded, with online retailers from Blake Lively's Preserve to Zady stocking many of the same designers, and encouraging shoppers to "buy local" and "buy less, but better."
"There is a very positive angle to the fact that there are a lot of businesses popping up in our space," says Of a Kind co-founder Claire Mazur. "The market needs to grow. In the last 10 years, we've seen a disappearance of the middle market between fast fashion and luxury -- people forgot there was something between a $20 and a $2,000 dress, and that something is a $200 dress that lasts a little longer, that is made in ways that you feel good about. Businesses are popping up in response to the fact that people care about the quality and origin of things they're buying."
What allows Of a Kind to stand apart is its voice, says Mazur. "Of a Kind is such a personality-driven business. [We] are the face and voice behind it, and knowing that no one can ever be us, replicate our voice or point of view, helps us navigate. So much of our business is driven by our personal instincts."
That's part of the reason why Of a Kind is launching a website redesign on Monday that brings content to the fore. Visit a product page, and beneath the requisite product description and photographs is a quote from the designer that teases you to read a full profile. Scroll further, and you'll be prompted to consume more lifestyle features -- from the delights of south SoHo to a history of the oxford shoe.
Another focus of the redesign is better merging limited-edition merchandise -- which makes up the majority of Of a Kind's $1.2 million in revenue (in 2013) -- with full-time inventory. "We're changing the way people shop our site," says Erica Cerulo, Of a Kind's second co-founder. "Before, when we only had Editions, the majority of customers were really shopping from their inboxes. Now we do have deeper inventory and more products from each designer, and people can come to shop looking for something, a dress or a necklace."
Jewelry is Of a Kind's best-selling category, Mazur and Cerulo say, and home is one of its fastest-growing. Full-time staff is now up to four and the company was cash-flow positive last year. Let's hope that the holidays fare better for them than other U.S. retailers.


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Between 1804 (during the fight against the Barbary Pirates) and 2004 (during Iraq), the United States held nine presidential elections in wartime. Only two of these elections — 1952 and 1968 — produced a change in party control. Both times, the winner was a Republican who ran on national-security experience, and the loser was a Democrat who seemed more dovish.
Obama can claim no executive or military experience. The last president to have neither was Warren G. Harding. By a two-to-one margin, Americans think that McCain would do better as commander in chief.
And so Obama came to Berlin to build up his image on national security. If only appearances matter, then he did himself some good. The substance of his remarks was different. He credited the 1948 Berlin Airlift to international cooperation. “It was this spirit that led airlift planes to appear in the sky above our heads,” he said, as if some global vibe called aircraft from the vasty deep. Actually, it was Harry Truman. As Elizabeth Spalding recounts in The First Cold Warrior, “At first, Truman was almost alone in thinking that an airlift would work as an effective response to the Soviets.”
Truman made a tough, risky decision. That’s what presidents do. Obama did not acknowledge this point. He didn’t even mention Truman’s name.


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Effective October 1, 2022, laboratory services throughout Blanchard Valley Health System will be implementing some changes in order to better serve patients.
The outpatient lab at Blanchard Valley Hospital will be changing hours of operation. New hours will be Monday through Friday from 6:30 am to 5:00 p.m. and Saturday hours are from 7 a.m. to noon. Patients are encouraged to schedule appointments in order to reduce wait times. To schedule an appointment, please call central scheduling at 419.423.5323.
Walk-in appointments are available Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.
BVHS offers several convenient laboratory locations throughout the communities that organization serves including Eastern Woods Outpatient Center, Carey Medical & Diagnostic Center, Bluffton Hospital and Ottawa Medical & Diagnostic Center.
To learn more about laboratory service at BVHS please visit bvhealthsystem.org.


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