The purpose of this project is to design and build two persistence-of-vision (POV) displays. The displays work in different ways. Both rely on relative movement between the observer and the display.
1.1 Static display
The physical appearance of the static display is simply a column of 128 RGB LEDs. Each “RGB LED” is actually a package containing three separate colour LEDs (red, green, and blue). See Figure 1 for a close-up.
So how do you draw a full-sized image using only one column of LEDs? This is where the phenomenon of POV comes into play: if you blink an LED fast enough it will appear to be constantly lit. This is because of the afterimage formed on the retina, which takes about 40ms to disappear.
If the column of LEDs is dragged from point an arbitrary A to point B then it will appear to produce a streak of light that starts at A and ends at B. If the column displays in succession the columns of an image, then that image will be drawn in distance A to B. Figure 2 shows this effect, using a long camera exposure the simulate the effects of an afterimage.
The same effect will be observed if the display is stationary (or static), and the observer moves from point A to B. This is the scenario in which the static display will be used. See Figure 3.
Common-anode Avago LEDs used in the displays.
Each RGB package has three individual LEDs (red, green, and blue), as indicated by the colour arrows.
The Google logo was downloaded onto a test LED board that has a column of 16 RGB LEDs. The full image was drawn by moving the board in the direction shown. A camera with a long exposure was used to capture the image.
Operation of the static display.
(a) Original image, consisting of alternating cyan and magenta bars, loaded into display.
(b) Display is static with respect to an observer who is moving in the direction shown. The relative movement causes the afterimages to superimpose hence a complete image is observed.
1.2 Rotating Display
This display draws an image using the same phenomenon as the static display. However, rather than having a single LED column, it has one or more LED ‘spokes’ that are mounted onto a rotating frame (such as a bicycle wheel). When the frame is spun, the spokes rotate, and an image is drawn which has a radius of an LED spoke. Figure 4 shows how four spokes are mounted onto a wheel. Figure 5 shows a commercial unit that uses one LED spoke.
Both the rotating and static displays can draw arbitrary images. This is possible as the ‘image conversion’ is done by using a custom bit-mapping program (see later).
Operation of the rotating display.
(a) Original image loaded into display.
(b) LED spokes will draw the full image when rotated fast enough. This is due to the afterimage formed by each spoke.
“Spoke POV” display sold by www.adafruit.com.
(a) One LED spoke mounted onto a bicycle wheel.
(b) Image drawn when the wheel is spun.
- Main processor from Microchip PIC family (preferably PIC18F4520)
- 3-bit colour display (reproduce colours red, green ,blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, black)
- Display images and text
- Can be configured to work in two display modes: static and rotating
This section discusses some of the preliminary design decisions.
3.1 PCB Design
The static display uses a single column of LEDs, whilst the rotating display uses spokes of LEDs.
Rather than having a separate PCB design for each configuration, a single PCB design that is compatible with both configurations can be produced. This has the following advantages:
- Development time is reduced, as only a single design needs to be realised for two different configurations
- Component costs are reduced as identical PCB designs will use the same components
The generic PCB design is an LED module with connectors on either end. This allows modules to be chained together, so that any of the two configurations can be constructed. Figure 6 shows how this is done.
Using LED modules to construct realise two display configurations.
(a) Male and female connectors allowing modules to be linked together.
(b) Static display configuration realised by stacking LED modules into a single column.
(c) Rotating display configuration realised by connecting LED modules into spokes
3.2 Number of Spokes (rotating display)
The choice of the number of LED spokes is a compromise between the lowest rpm that produces a stable image, and the visual presence of the LED spoke PCBs.
Having few spokes makes them appear invisible when the display is running (see Figure 5), but requires the display to rotate at a high rpm. Having many spokes means the display can rotate at a low rpm, but the presence of the spokes will be more obvious.
The number of spokes chosen for this project is four
4.1 LED Module
Each LED module has 16 RGB LEDs, equating to 48 individual LEDs per board. The 48 LEDs are driven using three STP16CP05 LED driver ICs, where each driver IC has 16 output channels.
The driver ICs are SIPO shift registers with additional features that make them better suited for handling LEDs. These features include regulated current outputs, programmable current sinks, and an output driving capability that allows several LEDs to be connected in series.
Figure 7 shows the LED module schematic. (opens in new tab)
Connectors on either end of the module Figure 7 (a) and (b) allow power and data to be transferred across a chain of modules.
Each module has an input for a buffered clock signal Figure 7 (c) to avoid the effects of propagation delay through a long chain.
The drivers ICs Figure 7 (d) have a serial data input and parallel outputs for driving the LEDs. They also have a serial data output which allows many of them to be cascaded in series.
Test points are situated on key signal lines, and a serial loopback link Figure 7 (e) allows errors to be detected.
The brightness of the LEDs Figure 7 (f) is controlled by current-set resistors Figure 7 (e) for each driver IC.
Figure 8 shows the different PCB design revisions of the LED module. It took a couple of revisions to get to the current design. The main reasons for going through these revisions were footprint errors and high-current considerations.
Evolution of the LED module PCB (double-sided).
(a) The initial revision was fully autorouted. The LED footprints were incorrect. SOP package ICs were used. The bit-mapping program was not ready, which contributed to the messy routing.
(b) The second revision was manually routed. Notice how much neater it looks! SOP package ICs were used. The bit-mapping program was ready, so routing was much more flexible.
(c) The final revision uses the Vdd power plane for heat-sinking. TSSOP package ICs are used. Flexible routing allows a high degree of symmetry in the layout.
You can see how much neater the manually routed PCBs are, compared to the autorouted versions. I found that it is definitely worth ones time to manually route the entire PCB.
Initial revisions used more surface mount components in a bid to reduce the PCB dimensions. However it was found that using through-hole parts in some cases saves more space than the SMT equivalents.
4.2 Control Module
Thus far we have focused on the LED driver circuitry. Now we turn our attention to the brains of the system – the Control module.
Figure 9 shows the Control module schematic. (opens in new tab)
The Control module contains the microcontroller Figure 9 (a), which is where the image data is stored, and where the data and commands which control the LEDs are issued.
An ICSP connector Figure 9 (b) allows the firmware on the microcontroller to be changed without removing the microcontroller from the board.
The data and clock lines are driven by the SPI hardware on the microcontroller (MSSP module). The clock signals are buffered through a 7400 series non-inverting driver (74AHC244) Figure 9 (c). This greatly reduces the capacitive load on the microcontroller’s SCK line.
Data is clocked into the shift registers through the serial data input (SDI) of the first LED module. Control signals issued by the Control module cause data to latch at the correct time, thereby changing the shift register outputs.
In the case of the static display, the chained LED modules form a 128-bit shift register (where each bit corresponds to an individual LED). The Control module is plugged into one end of the LED module chain Figure 9 (d). In the case of the rotating display, each LED spoke is plugged into the Control module (hence four connectors).
As with the LED module, this board has been designed with testing in mind. Serial data from the shift registers feeds back into the microcontroller allowing errors to be detected. A USART port Figure 9 (e) provides support for further debugging and future expansion.
Each RGB LED has three bits of data associated with it (for red, green, and blue). For the rotating display, having four spokes each with a 32 RGB LED radius, and splitting the circumference of rotation into 256 segments, means 3072 bytes of data are required to store a full image (32 RGB LED packages * 3 bits per package * 256 segments = 3072 bytes). Therefore approximately 10 bitmaps can be stored in the 32KB program memory of a PIC18F4520.
Image bitmaps for the static display have the same memory requirements, assuming images are 64 pixels in width.
The firmware on the microcontroller is interrupt based for two reasons:
- If polling is used then less useful operations can be performed in-between data writes
- An interrupt-based mechanism can meet strict timing requirements
Data writes via the SPI module are fully handled by low-priority interrupts. One or more interrupts are used for timing (depending on the display configuration), and another interrupt is used to write to the SPI module and issue the control signals.
Synchronisation is maintained in the rotating display by using a hall sensor to detect when full revolution occurs.
The power consumption of the displays is reduced by PWM’ing the output-enable active-low (^OE) line of the driver ICs. When the ^OE line is high, the driver IC current sinks are high-impedance. When ^OE is low, the current sinks are low-impedance (i.e. driving the LEDs).
High-priority interrupts are used to implement four-channel software PWM for the rotating display (one channel for each LED spoke/^OE line). The static display has a single ^OE line which is connected to the hardware PWM module on the microcontroller.
The bit-mapping software produces optimised data tables from user-loaded images. The data tables (arrays) are downloaded onto the microcontroller which writes the data to the shift registers.
The images loaded into the bit-mapping software are two-dimensional (2D), whilst the data tables produced are 1D. Compression from 2D to 1D data is necessary as the microcontroller performs 1D reads much more efficiently.
The bit-mapping software produces tables for both the static (Figure 10 (a)) and rotating (Figure 10 (b)) displays. The grids for each mode show how the image will appear on the display. Figure 11 shows examples of converted images.
Clicking the button “Copy to Clipboard” will copy the generated data table to the clipboard, so that it can be pasted into MPLAB for burning onto the microcontroller.
The physical routing of the LED modules can be arbitrary as long as the program is updated with the correct pin mapping. This greatly simplifies routing.
(a) Cartesian map, for the static display.
(b) Polar map, for the rotating display.
Examples of converted images.
(a) Original image.
(b) Converted image for rotating display.
(c) Converted image for static display. Text was written in the top corner using the pen tool in the program (also used for touching images up).
Prototype Control and LED boards were used to test the embedded software and PCB design. A logic analyser (PICKit 2) was used to probe the signal lines.
The bit-mapping program was debugged using test colour pattern. It was later user to generate test bitmaps that were downloaded onto the prototype boards.
The design complete and is ready to be assembled. Component order problems have caused the final system release to be delayed.
Stay tuned for more updates!


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Denver, CO – On Friday, March 15, 2019 Bitfactory Gallery presents Mystery Achievements, a two-artist exhibition with a focus on Assemblage Art. Both artist paint and work in an assemblage/collage environment.
Cope works primarily with found objects and paints said found objects into his collages. Risius is on a journey of painting canvases, cutting them up, and then weaving them back together for a completely unique and non-traditional approach to painting. Jason Cope - work is influenced by the unknown, the unseen, and this strange phenomenon we call existence. Working somewhere between collage and assemblage, he creates scenes of complex systems that drive and destroy this vast ecology of nature and ourselves.
Mark Risius - woven canvas collages explore assemblage, the imaginative process, and transforming paintings into a unique genre of art. Mark’s creative desire for distinctive aesthetics is evident in every aspect of these works from his choice of color and style to the crafting of the handmade wooden frames.

domain: artistic


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Lynn Swann Jersey
Lynn Curtis Swann (born March 7, 1952) is the incoming athletic director at the University of Southern California and a former American football player, broadcaster, and politician. During his football career, he was a wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). Through his football career, he really deserved the praise by his fans. Thus, as a devoted fan, you have no excuse if you never own one
#88 Gold/Black Jersey
. It’s never too late to express your enthusiastic for him. we have all selection of Lynn Curtis Swann jerseys in different style and color and will supply you with the high-quality service and merchandise. Our online shop has prepared the widest selection of NFL game used Jerseys,
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while you just need to click the mouse and pick up your favorite goods. We will be your loyal companion for your demand of NFL star jersey. Your satisfaction is our greatest pleasure.

domain: sports


Feb.25 (GMM) Williams has the fastest car in 2015.
That is not the finding of the stopwatch, but the speedtrap at the Barcelona test last week.
Valtteri Bottas’ top speed of 337.5kph on the front straight demonstrated not only the power of the Mercedes engine, but the low drag of the FW37 car.
Just 1kph behind is the new Lotus, now also powered by Mercedes, after struggling last season with Renault. Romain Grosjean, meanwhile, set the fastest overall laptime in Barcelona last week.
“Last year we were the slowest on the straight,” Pastor Maldonado grinned to Germany’s Auto Motor und Sport, “and now we are at the front.
“This shows that we now have a completely different car.”
Ferrari, however, has also made progress in the horse power department since 2014, with customer Sauber the third quickest car in a straight line at the Circuit de Catalunya with its 335.4kph.
Renault, on the other hand, may still be struggling, despite Speed Week reporting that a 60-75 horse power deficit last year might have been cut in half.
But the fastest French-powered car in Barcelona was the Toro Rosso, at 330kph, while the works Red Bull was dead last with its 325kph.
Dr Helmut Marko insisted: “Measure us in the slow corners and we are the best.”
In top speed, however, Red Bull-Renault was beaten even by the F1 newcomer McLaren-Honda, whose top speed of 326kph is a surprise compared to the works Mercedes’ 327, putting it behind the works Ferrari.
“Either Mercedes is not yet at full power,” read the German media report, “or its engineers have put everything into downforce.”
Indeed, Sauber is not necessarily celebrating its ‘podium’ placing on the top speed charts, with an engineer admitting: “It could mean that we are missing some downforce.”


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Robert Hillestad Textiles Gallery exhibition explores intersections of fashion, fandom through Star Wars
08 Sep 2023
The latest exhibition at the Robert Hillestad Textiles Gallery on the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s East Campus examines the intersections of fashion and fandom through the beloved American classic, Star Wars. “A Woman’s Place is in the Resistance” is on display through November 3.
Adria Sanchez-Chaidez created the exhibition for her master’s thesis. Sanchez-Chaidez earned her master’s degree in Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design with a specialization in Apparel Design, Material Culture and Textile Studies. A self-professed geek-girl and scholar of fashion, she knows the challenges women have to navigate in spaces that were once more distinctly masculine.
“Too often we resign ourselves to not caring about things because we don’t want to look a certain way,” Sanchez-Chaidez said. “But there’s also a certain power in reclaiming those things that have been shamed out of you."
Using crowd-sourced inspiration to design from a female fan perspective for this project, Sanchez-Chaidez uses fashion to explore and challenge prevailing narratives around the geek identity and encourages viewers to more critically consider what it means to be a geek and what a geek or, more specifically, a Star Wars fan can look like.
The Robert Hillestad Gallery is part of the Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design in the College of Education and Human Sciences. It is located on the second floor of the Gwendolyn A. Newkirk Human Sciences Building, and is open to the public 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. weekdays.
College of Education and Human Sciences
Textiles, Merchandising & Fashion Design


Industrial gas turbines are large and heavy engines. An industrial gas turbine may have a mass of, for example, in a range of 100 to 300 tons (90,000 kg to 272,000 kg). The dimensions of an industrial gas turbine may be, for example, a length of 30 to 50 feet (9 to 15 meters), and height and width of 12 to 20 feet (3.5 to 6 m).
Occasions arise when it is necessary to lift and move an industrial gas turbine. If rebuilding or other substantial maintenance is needed, the gas turbine may be lifted out of its operating support frame to another support frame where the gas turbine may be rebuilt or which may be used to transport the gas turbine to a maintenance facility.
At power generation sites not suited for heavy lift cranes or lacking roads or other infrastructure sufficient to carry a fully assembled gas turbine, it has been common practice to disassemble a gas turbine while the turbine seated in its operating support frame. The sequence of disassembly includes detaching and separately removing each of the sections of the upper casing; removing the rotor from the assembled lower casing, and separately detaching and removing each section of the lower casing. This removal process is time consuming and prone to bending and thereby damaging the casing sections. Lifting a fully assembled gas turbine by cables connected to the lifting posts tends to not unduly deform the casing or create a need to realign the casing sections.
Lifting a massive gas turbine places large loads on the casing at the lifting pins and removes the supports to the casing provided by the support frame. These shifts in the loads applied to the casing could cause the casing to deform. Because the casing is fully assembled and is designed to be lifted while fully assembled, the load shifts due to lifting tend to no unduly deform the gas turbine or require substantial realignments of the casing. Also, the sections of the casing are bolted together and thus prevented from becoming misaligned with each other.
Lifting a partially assembled gas turbine and, particularly, where one or more sections of the casing are removed before the lift creates a larger potential risk that the gas turbine will deform during the lift and the casing will require alignment after the lift. The casing may deform due to the shift in the forces applied to the casing during the lift. The deformation increases the risk of misalignment between the casing and the casing section that is attached after the lift.
FIG. 1 illustrates an industrial gas turbine 10 seated on a shipping support frame 12 and attached to a crane 14 by lifting cables 16. The lifting cables attach to lifting posts 18 on opposite sides of the casing. The lifting posts 18 are generally at a mid-height of the casing and positioned near a horizontal joint 20 between the upper and lower sections of the casing of the gas turbine.
The inventors recognized a need for a better method to move a partially disassembled industrial gas turbine. The inventors conceived of a method and a frame which reduce the time and associated cost in lifting and moving a gas turbine casing and reduces the risk of deforming the casing sections during a lift of move. In the method, sections of the upper casing are temporarily removed to allow removal of the rotor, and most of the sections of the upper casing are attached to the lower casing after the rotor is removed. For those portion(s) of the upper casing not attached, a frame is attached to the lower casing and the remaining upper casing. The frame prevents deformation of the casing while the partially assembled gas turbine casing is lifted and moved.
By partially reassembling the casing after removal of the rotor, the casing becomes more structurally rigid due to the completed joints between the sections of the casing. The frame provides the casing support functions that would have been performed by the removed casing section. Because the casing sections supported by being joined to other casing sections or to the frame, all of the casing sections are less subject to deformation while be lifted and removed.
The mass, e.g., weight, of the partially assembled casings is substantially less than the mass of the gas turbine with rotor. Also the removal of one or more casing sections reduces the mass of the casings. The lower mass allows the partially assembled casings to be removed from smaller cranes and for the casings to be moved with transports, such as trucks, that are able to travel over roads that cannot support the entire weight of a complete gas turbine.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an exemplary method to partially disassemble and move an industrial gas turbine. The gas turbine is in a fully assembled condition with the rotor in place in step 22. The fully assembled gas turbine may be on a support frame for transport or maintenance, such as shown in FIG. 1. Alternatively, the gas turbine may be on an operational support frame on site at a power generation facility. When on an operational support frame, the inlet end of the gas turbine may be coupled to an air outlet of an air duct assembly, and the turbine exhaust end of the gas turbine may be connected to the inlet of an exhaust diffuser.
While the gas turbine is on the operational support frame and positioned between the air inlet duct and exhaust diffuser duct, the available working space around gas turbine may be small and insufficient to allow rebuilding and extensive maintenance of the gas turbine. To rebuild or conduct extensive maintenance, the gas turbine often must be moved to a maintenance facility or a site at the power generation facility that has sufficient working space around the gas turbine for rebuilding and maintenance.
In step 24, the upper casing of the gas turbine is removed to expose the rotor. In step 26, a crane above the gas turbine lifts the rotor from the lower casing of the gas turbine. The rotor may be moved separately from the casing to a site where it may be repaired, maintained or otherwise rebuilt.
FIG. 3 shows a gas turbine 10 in which the upper casing has been removed and the rotor 28 is exposed. The rotor, which includes a shaft, rows of blades for an axial compressor and rows of buckets (blades) of an axial turbine. The rotor may be lifted upward to be removed from the lower casing 30 of the gas turbine.
The lower casing 30 and the upper casing are each an assembly of casing sections. The casing sections may each extend halfway around the rotor, such that the casing sections are either upper or lower sections. An upper and lower casing section when assembled extends entirely around the rotor. Alternatively, the casing sections may be quarter sections that each extend around one quarter of the perimeter of the rotor.
The casing assembly is segmented into casing sections. For example, the casing assembly includes lower and upper sections for an inlet casing 32 (see FIGS. 1 and 2), a compressor casing 34, a combustor casing 36, a turbine casing 38, and a turbine exhaust casing 39. The upper and lower compressor sections 34 house the portion of the rotor including axial compressor blades and of stationary vanes between the rows of compressor blades. The upper and lower casing sections for the compressor and combustor may each be each a single piece component. The upper and lower combustor casing sections include openings and supports for combustion cans arranged in an annular array around the perimeter of the casing. The upper and lower turbine casing sections house the turbine section of the rotor which includes rows of stationary nozzles between the rows of the turbine buckets.
FIG. 3 shows that the lower casing sections assembled together and exposing horizontal surfaces 40 on opposite sides of the rotor and extending the length of the gas turbine. The joint surfaces 40 include bolt holes to receive the bolts or other fasteners for the casings.
In step 37 of FIG. 2 and after the rotor is removed, the casings sections are assembled together and fastened by bolts or other fasteners. Each casing section has joint surfaces, typically vertical or horizontal planar surfaces. The joint surfaces are configured to abut and align with joint surfaces of adjacent casing sections horizontal or vertical joint lines.
FIG. 4 shows a front portion of a partially reassembled gas turbine casing 42. The rotor has been removed from the casing 42 while the lower half casing sections remained assembled. The upper casing sections have been reattached to the casing by bolting each upper casing section to its corresponding lower casing sections and to adjacent upper casing sections.
The partially assembled casing 42 includes all sections of the lower half of the casing and all of the sections of the upper half except for the inlet casing. In place of the upper section of the inlet casing, a frame 44 is fastened to the partially assembled casing in step 45. The frame provides the structural support to the casing that would have otherwise been provided by the upper inlet casing.
By partially reassembling the casing 42 and fastening the frame 44 to the casing, the casing sections are all either bolted to each other or to the frame. The partial casing assembly 42 is kept in alignment because the casing sections and frame are bolted together. The bolts joining adjacent sections of the casing maintain the alignment of the bolt holes in the adjacent sections. Similarly, the bolts extending through the frame and the casing sections adjacent to the frame maintain the alignment between the bolt holes in those casings and the bolt holes in the frame.
The frame 44 has sufficient structural rigidity to prevent deformation of the casing sections to which the frame is attached. The bolt holes 46 in the frame are aligned with corresponding bolt holes in an adjacent section of the casing. By bolting the frame to the casing, the frame ensures that the casing in general and specifically the casing sections to which the frame is bolted do not deform with the partially assembled casing 42 is lifted and moved.
As shown in FIG. 5, the frame 44 includes a first bracket 48 having a vertically oriented surface and bolt holes 46 corresponding to the bolt holes in a casing section to which the first bracket is configured to be attached. The first bracket may be a metal plate having a thickness of several inches or more, e.g., three inches or 25 mm. The first bracket has two sets of bolt holes 46. Each set of bolt holes may be two, three, four or more bolt holes. Each set of bolt holes may be configured to align with a set of consecutive bolt holes on a joint surface of one of the casing sections. The two sets of bolt holes on the first bracket align with sets of bolt holes on a vertical joint surface of the upper compressor casing section. The two sets of bolt holes are on opposite sides of the upper compressor casing.
The frame also includes a second bracket 50 having a horizontal oriented surface with holes corresponding to the bolt holes in a casing section to which the second bracket is configured to attach. The second bracket may be a metal plate having the same thickness as the first bracket. The horizontally oriented surface may be a horizontal planar surface.
The second bracket may be longer than the first bracket. The second bracket spans the width of the casing along a center plane of the casing, which is the widest portion of the casing. The first bracket spans an upper (or lower) region of the casing that is offset from the center plane. The gap G1 between the two sets of bolt holes on the upper casing section aligned with the sets of bolt holes on the first bracket determines the length of the first bracket. Similarly, the gap G2 between the two sets of bolt holes on opposite sides of the lower inlet casing section determines the length of the second bracket.
The second bracket 50 may be positioned on the casing assembly to be adjacent a lifting attachment device 51. The lifting attachment device may be lifting posts, apertures to receive a hook of a crane or other device that provides a grip to receive the lifting cables of a crane. The lifting attachment device may be on opposite sides of the casing, such as on opposite sides of the lower inlet casing 54. By bolting the second bracket adjacent to the lifting attachment devices, the lifting forces applied to the casing are more directly transferred to the frame than if the second or first bracket were not proximate to the lifting attachment devices.
In step 56 (FIG. 2), lifting cables are attached to the lifting attachment devices on opposite sides of the partially assembled casing. In step 58, a crane attached to the lifting cables lifts and moves the partially assembled casing with the attached frame. The lifting and movement of the partially assembled casing is accomplished without unduly deforming the casing or creating a need for a time-consuming and expensive realignment of the casing sections.
The first and second brackets are joined by ribs 52 extending between the brackets. The ribs may be metal plates welded at each end to one of the brackets. The ends of each rib may be configured to contact one of the brackets along the entire length of the end. The welds between the rib end and the bracket may extend the length of the rib end and be on opposite sides of the rib ends. There may be three ribs wherein two of the ribs are near the bolt holes in the brackets and the third rib is at a center region of the frame. The thickness of the ribs may be substantially, e.g., within fifteen percent, of the thickness of either of the brackets.
The ribs may be each in a plane parallel to the axis of the casing. By orienting the ribs in a plane parallel to the casing axis, the forces applied in an axial direction against the upper or lower brackets are transmitted along the centerline of the ribs with minimal torsion being applied to the ribs.
The upper ends of the outer two ribs may be welded to ends of the first bracket. The lower ends of the outer two ribs may be welded to an upper planar surface of the second bracket and be welded inward of the sets of the bolt holes on the second bracket.
The mass of the frame is substantially, e.g., less than one third, of the mass of the section of the casing being replaced by the frame. For example, the inlet casing sections typically have a large mass relative to the other casing sections. Removing the upper inlet casing section reduces substantially, e.g., by over twenty percent, the mass of the casing of the gas turbine. The frame may be less than one third the mass of the upper inlet casing section. By replacing the upper inlet casing section with the frame the mass of the remaining gas turbine casing assembly may be reduced by ten to fifteen percent. The reduction in mass may be sufficient to allow the partially assembled gas turbine casing to be lifted by a crane from a particular power generation site. Similarly, the reduction in mass may be sufficient to allow the partially assembled gas turbine casing to be transported over the roads leading from the power generation site.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show plan views of the first and second brackets. These views show the pattern of the bolt holes in brackets 48, 50. The number and pattern of bolt holes are machined, e.g., drilled, and with sufficient precision to accurately alight with the bolt holes on the casing sections to which the brackets attach. Each group of bolt holes may be arranged in an arc as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, or in a straight or curvilinear line. The arrangement of bolts holes will depend on the shape of the surface of the casing to which the bracket is to be fastened.
The bolt holes in the brackets are selected and positioned such that when bolts are inserted through the bolt holes and into the section casings, the bolts are sufficiently supported by the brackets to ensure that the section casing maintain proper alignment. Proper alignment is needed so that the missing casing section can be attached to the partial assembly of casing sections, preferably without extensive realignment of the missing casing section with the assembly of casing sections.
The ribs 52 may be attached to the first and second bracket proximate to, e.g., within five inches of, one of the bolt holes. By minimizing the distance between the rib and the nearest bolt hole to the rib, the moment forces are reduced that are applied to the bracket by the bolts and the rib.
The number of support ribs, thickness of the brackets and ribs, and number and location of the bolt holes are dependent on the mass and size of the gas turbine. To design the frame, including selecting the number of ribs, thicknesses of the brackets and ribs and location and number or bolt holes, a finite element analysis (FEA) may be performed to model the partially assembled casing and frame. The FEA model may be used to determine whether the partially assembled casing with the frame may be lifted and moved without unduly deforming the casing or creating a need for an extensive realignment of the casing sections.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.


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Castelfranco’s taste is milder than other varieties of radicchio. And here’s a recipe (from now-shuttered Sitka & Spruce) to make at home.
Food & Drink
The Food & Drink section brings you news about the Seattle restaurant and bar scene such as openings, closings, news about chefs and advice on where to go for a great meal or happy hour in Seattle, the Eastside or Snohomish County.
Check out this Seattle Times list of outdoor happenings, local events, food recommendations and other activities for the weekend of May 20-22 in the Seattle...
Find the Northwest’s best bakery — plus 5 more great places to eat — on an extra-fun day trip to Bremerton
Genius-level baked goods, a magical Mexican restaurant-and-market, some stellar Thai food and more await just a gorgeous ferry ride away from Seattle.
Joyce Chen's legacy belongs alongside the likes of Julia Child. This single mom, author, cook and restauranteur paved the way for Asian American chefs.
A small brewery in Finland has launched a NATO-themed beer to mark the Nordic country’s bid to join the Western military alliance.
Celebrate the return of the U District Street Fair, plus Fisherman's Village Music Fest, Tacoma Guitar & Drum Festival and more fun around Seattle May...
You never knew vegan tacos could be this good, plus a magical Fruity Pebbles-inspired cookie in Burien
Head to Burien to try the best vegan taco our food writer has ever eaten, plus cauliflower nachos and terrific cookies.
For croissants, butter steak and standout fish and chips, take a foodie day trip to Bainbridge Island
With two dozen wine bars and bistros on the main drag and a high-end restaurant opening this summer, Bainbridge Island is an appetizing lure for...

domain: food


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A vampire stars in this 1994 music video by blues-rockers, ZZ Top—but you’ll know her better as a witch.
Fairuza Balk, best-known for her break-out role as Nancy Downs, the malevolent witch in The Craft (1996), plays a vampire—dubbed “Vampire Girl” on IMDb—in ZZ Top’s music video, “Breakaway”, from their 1994 album, Antenna.
The music video was a signpost toward the “the girl who plays the crazies and weirdoes” roles she’s become famous for: the bit where she “attacks” the guy she’s dating (Sean Murray)—who IMDb names “Passenger in Jeep”—against a chainlink fence is either raunchy or rapey, depending on which way you look at it.
She’s such a stand-out, it’s easy to overlook the other vampiric references in the clip; apart from the dodgy bat effects, that is. For instance, look how ZZ Top are decked out. Let’s compare them with a familiar vampire portrayal:
It’s clear the clip’s director, Marty Callner, had Francis Ford Coppola’s Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992) fresh in his memory. When Vincent Schiavelli appears as some kinda vampire spook (her master? I dunno), his shadow acts independently of himself—yep, just like Gary Oldman’s vampire count.
As it happens, there’s another vampire movie connection in ZZ Top’s oeuvre—they recorded “She’s Just Killing Me” for the From Dusk Till Dawn (1996) soundtrack.
Speaking of Francis Ford Coppola’s film, its beautiful title song features in “The Other 5 Most Popular Vampire Songs on YouTube.” Check that out. We’ve also got another before-they-were-famous music video: see if you can guess the answer to “Who’s That Vampire?“

domain: entertainment


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In Florida’s tomato fields, a Hispanic helot underclass toils in the burning sun to pick tomatoes for McDonald’s and Taco Bell in slavery-like conditions.
“Slavery” is being used here in the pejorative sense as “a labor system which we dislike.” It is extremely irritating when people who know nothing about slavery attribute the pitfalls of the “free labor” system to slavery.
In the Old South, slaves on large plantations had better access to healthcare than most poor Whites. They enjoyed a form of social security on plantations, sick leave, and lived longer lives than “free laborers” in the Northern states. In fact, the diet of slaves was superior to the diet of modern blacks, and slaves on cotton plantations only spent around 34 percent of their time per year on the cotton crop.
Since slaves were the property of their masters, the costs of educating them, housing them, policing them, feeding them and providing for them in sickness and old age, not to mention the costs of raising them from childhood until they were old enough to become profitable laborers, were all absorbed by the planter. The “free labor” system privatizes the profits of exploitation while offloading all the costs onto the public.
These tomato farmers in Florida can rely on an inexhaustible supply of cheap labor from Latin America and the Caribbean. In the Old South, the slave trade was banned, so slave labor was quite expensive. These “modern slaves” more closely resemble the Irish “free laborers” who were used to dig canals in the North or the Scots-Irish mineworkers who were exploited in early twentieth century Appalachia.
Note: Barry Estabrook has an interesting book about Florida’s tomato industry and the “slaves” who are picking them, Tomatoland: How Modern Industrial Agriculture Destroyed Our Most Alluring Fruit.
In 2011, Florida’s Arizona-style immigration law was killed by opposition from the Florida Farm Bureau, largely because of the threat it posed to the blueberry crop, which is driven by diet fads and which is equally senseless to grow in that environment.

domain: agronomy


Rocky pays tribute to Bone Thugs-N-Harmony in their hometown of Cleveland during his LongLiveA$AP Tour at the House of Blues with a performance of their memorable hit, Thuggish Ruggish Bone.
Closed Sessions documents the meeting between the Boston emcee and Chicago producer.
Because this is what we were waiting on...
The two emcees trade verses with constant late-night TV show references.
The two talk Kendrick, their upcoming new album, and relapse.
It's a Midwestern trap house standoff.
Hear three new tracks from the OVO-approved rapper.


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LAOAG CITY -— Overlooking the deep blue sea, a two-storey building situated near the sand dunes and green hilly portion of Masintoc vaillage, Paoay town will soon become a busy trading center for fishermen, seafood vendors, consumers and visitors alike.
On Thursday afternoon, June 15, Regional Director Nestor Domenden of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and Paoay Mayor Jessie Galano led a simple ribbon cutting ceremony marking the official turnover of the Php3-million worth community fish landing center (CFLC) in this village.
The facility also comes with the establishment of a technology demonstration project on at least seven units of freshwater fish cage, fish polyculture of malaga and bangus, aquasilviculture and shellfish culture oyster for a total worth of Php 414,928.
Allocated in the 2016 and 2017 budget, this is now the sixth of its kind to fully operate in Ilocos Norte this year, said Arthur Valente, Fishery Regulatory Officer of the Provincial Agriculture Office.
In his short speech, Domenden enjoined all stakeholders to make use of the facility as a landing and trading center of fish and other seafood products.
The establishment of more CFLCs in coastal municipalities nationwide is one of the national government’s commitments to uplift the living conditions of the marginalized sector particularly fishers, traders and consumers to have ready access to fresh, safe and affordable fishery products.
The CFLC is also envisioned as a training venue for fish processing, proper sanitation, proper handling and marketing, including conservation and protection of fisheries resources.
With its proximity to the famous sand dunes of Paoay which is being frequented by tourists, town mayor Galano also plans to develop the site as municipal beach park. Leilanie Adriano/PNA-northboundasia.com

domain: economics


text:
9.01.2013 | New Delhi
The sixth annual DSC Jaipur Literature Festival has been scheduled from 24th to 28th January, 2013, at Diggi Palace in Jaipur. The five-day festival will encompass a wide range of activities including debates, discussions, readings, music, and workshops for the audiences.
The surge of national solidarity on women’s issues finds echoes and resonances at the DSC Jaipur Literature Festival 2013. Poems, stories, readings, and panels discuss the multifaceted experience of being a woman, and the search for gender equity and justice.
Acclaimed women writers attending the festival include the legendary Diana Eck, the leading Arab novelist Ahdaf Soueif, Aminatta Forna, Anamika, Damayanti Beshra, Jaishree Misra, Deborah Moggach, Elif Batuman, Fahmida Riaz, Ameena Saiyid, Gagan Gill, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Ilina Sen, Ira Pande, Kota Neelima, Kunzang Choden, Kishwar Desai, Kshama Sharma, Lakshmi Holmstrom, Laleh Khadivi, Madeline Miller, Nasreen Munni Kabir, Nayanjot Lahiri, Nirupama Dutt, Rohini Nilekani, Selma Dabbagh, Sharmeen Obaid Chinoi, Sharmila Tagore, Shobhaa De, Smita Tewari Jassal, Sudha Gopalakrishnan, Syeda Hameed, Tania James, Tishani Doshi, Vayu Naidu, Vibha Rani and Yiyun Li
The keynote address “O to live again!” will be delivered by the iconic voice of human rights and women’s consciousness Mahasweta Devi. This will set the tone for various sessions where women and men will interrogate gender issues and raise the crucial subject of equity and inclusion in languages including in English, Hindi, Rajasthani, Tamil and Malayalam.
Festival Co-director Namita Gokhale says, “India is a nation of strong women who are socially vulnerable. This years’ program at Jaipur addresses a range of women’s issues and literary voices from across the world. I am especially looking forward to ‘Imagine’, a session invoking human strength and solidarity across boundaries.”
Some of the highlights of this theme include:
Celebrated Tamil feminist writer Ambai speak’s of her writing and of SPARROW, [Sound and Picture Archives for Research on Women], a trust set up in 1988 in Mumbai to build a national archives for women with print, oral history and pictorial material.
In the session, The Yogini, David White discusses the cult of the Yogini with Diana Eck among others. Shabana Azmi will be in conversation with Prasoon Joshi in a session titled ‘Sex and Sensibility’, on the important question of representations of women in bollywood.
K R Indira talk’s about a women’s Kamasutra and the feminine right to appreciate their own sensuality without intimidation.
In Festival advisor Urvashi Butalia observes, “JLF 2013’s attention to women’s voices is an important gesture of solidarity with Indians fighting for a fairer, inclusive India”.
A Life Apart, the English translation of Prabha Khaitan’s famed autobiography, Anya se Ananya, we scrutinizes the interior lives of women and the power of testimonial literature to break the ground and open new spaces in women’s narratives.
“Women in the Path” will look at the mismatch between the essence and the theological theory of Buddhist philosophy on the issue of women and ultimate liberation. “Adhura Aadmi, Adhuna Naari” will look at the link between the sexes in the articulation of a human Voice.
Stree Hokar Sawaal Karti Ho? – examines the increasingly vocal questions that women ask and the silences that they receive in reply.
The festival will create an inclusive experience for its visitors with enhanced seating capacity, pre-opening music sessions and a series of book launches. Online press registration closes on 15th January. Vsit the website – jaipurliteraturefestival.org for latest updates
About The DSC Jaipur Literature Festival
The DSC Jaipur Literature Festival is considered to be Asia’s leading literature event, celebrating national and international writers, and encompassing a range of activities including film, music and theatre.

domain: literature


Multi-functional deployment of AHS key technology.
C 22960 (In: C 22454 CD-ROM) /61 /62 /91 / ITRD E114747
Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, T. & Kasuga, Y.
In: From vision to reality : proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS, Turin, Italy, 6-9 November 2000, 9 p., 7 ref.
|Samenvatting||Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway System (AHS) aims at remarkably safer and comfortable cruising and a sharp reduction in collisions by providing information on invisible obstacles ahead, intersecting vehicles, road surface conditions, etc., not possible in the past, to the driver in real time through the use of information and communications technology. The user services of AHS include (1) support for prevention of collisions with forward obstacles, (2) support for prevention of overshooting on curve, (3) support for prevention of lane departure, (4) support for prevention of crossing collisions, (5) support for prevention of right turn collisions, (6) support for prevention of collisions with pedestrians crossing streets, and (7) support for road surface condition information for maintaining headway etc. This paper reports the results of performance evaluations, plans and philosophy for improvement and future development issues for the following four fields as the key technology for realising these services: (1) Road condition sensors for detecting vehicles driving on the road, obstacles, etc.; (2) Road surface condition sensors for measuring the road surface conditions (dry, wet, water film, snow-covered, frozen, etc.); (3) Lane markers and detection systems for accurately judging vehicle positions and preventing lane departures; and (4) Road-to-vehicle communication systems for transmitting information such as sensor information, vehicle position information, and cruise-assist information in real time between infrastructure systems and vehicles. Further, the information gathered by those sensors can be used not only for AHS, but also the user services defined in the ITS system architecture, such as improvement of travellers' information, support for road management and maintenance, support for road management in the winter season, etc. So a report on the results of a study on the deployment strategy of multifunctional use of these technologies will be given provided with overall road infrastructure.|
|Full-text||Beschikbaar Niet beschikbaar, klik om contact op te nemen voor een digitalisatie verzoek|
|Suggestie?||Neem contact op met de SWOV bibliotheek voor uw opmerkingen|


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By Monica Montgomery
Leaders of the 29 NATO member nations approved changes to the alliance’s policies on nuclear deterrence and nonproliferation during their July 11–12 summit in Brussels.
The 2018 Brussels summit declaration states that “NATO’s nuclear deterrence posture also relies on United States’ nuclear weapons forward-deployed in Europe,” a shift from the alliance’s 2016 Warsaw declaration stating that the posture relied “in part” on U.S. forward-deployed nuclear weapons. Neither the 2014 nor 2012 summit statements explicitly referred to the need for U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe. (See ACT, September 2016.)
This phrasing suggests that NATO credits an increased role to the 150 to 200 B61 nuclear gravity bombs believed to be deployed on the territory of five NATO states (Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Turkey). The move comes after the Trump administration’s 2018 Nuclear Posture Review report published in February, which asserted that the B61 warheads contribute to the “supreme guarantee of Alliance security.” (See ACT, March 2018.)
The 2018 declaration also addressed in stronger terms alleged Russian violations of the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. The 2016 declaration highlighted the importance of the INF Treaty and called on Russia “to preserve the viability of the INF Treaty through ensuring full and verifiable compliance,” but the new declaration devoted greater attention to the issue. NATO leaders stated that “the most plausible assessment would be that Russia is in violation” of the treaty, as Washington has asserted for several years, and supported a renewed dialogue between the United States, Russia, and NATO allies to bring the treaty back into full force.
Further, the 2018 declaration deviated from previous summit documents on a number of international nonproliferation agreements and treaties, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the Iran nuclear deal, and the 2010 New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START). Although the 2016 declaration called for the universalization of the CTBT, the 2018 declaration called on all states “to declare and to maintain a voluntary moratorium [on nuclear testing]…pending the potential entry into force” of the CTBT.
The 2016 summit statement commended the Iran deal, but the 2018 document did not mention it. This reflects European efforts to preserve the agreement after U.S. President Donald Trump’s May 8 decision to have the United States withdraw from the accord, which he labeled “a horrible, one-sided deal.” (See ACT, June 2018.)
The 2018 declaration also praised U.S. and Russian reductions in strategic nuclear weapons under New START and expressed “strong support for its continued implementation,” while stopping short of calling for an extension of the treaty beyond its 2021 expiration date. New START had not been mentioned since the 2010 summit document.
The declaration follows the trend of recent NATO summits to highlight the importance of nuclear weapons in NATO strategy amid worsening tensions between Russia and the West.
In addition to changes on the nuclear policy front, the summit also took steps to buttress NATO’s conventional deterrence posture. These included the establishment of an Atlantic Command post, an invitation to Macedonia to join the alliance, and approval of the “Four 30s” initiative to provide in a NATO-Russia crisis 30 troop battalions, 30 squadrons of aircraft, and 30 warships within 30 days to bolster combat readiness.
Prior to the summit, many feared an explosive performance due to Trump’s worsening relationship with allies in recent months. Trump particularly has criticized NATO’s European members and Canada for failing to share the NATO financial burden, despite increases in their defense spending for the fourth year in a row. (See ACT, July/August 2018.)
The alliance meeting ended with leaders disputing Trump’s public assertion that he had won additional defense-spending commitments from them. Still, Jamie Shea, a NATO deputy assistant secretary-general, called the summit declaration “the most substantive…the most complete, [and] the most consensual” NATO agreement in years.

domain: politics


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Brownline's research & development division has developed gyro steering technology for small rigs.
The "small Gyro"
Our Gyro steering tool (GST) has for years been providing solutions for directional drilling through its easy and fast setup, its high accuracy and the fact there is no interference.
Our engineers and scientists have therefore developed gyro steering technology for use in the short drill segment. This "small Gyro" is suitable for rig sizes starting from 16 tons.


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Whis wakes Beerus, the God of Destruction, from his long slumber and tells him that Frieza was defeated by a Saiyan. Thirty-nine years earlier, the Oracle Fish (Yogen-gyo (予言魚)) foretold that a mighty opponent would appear before Beerus, the Super Saiyan God. Beerus, with Whis, then tracks down the Saiyan warrior Goku, who defeated Freeza. On Kaiō-sama's planet, Goku proceeds to challenge Beerus. Despite having powered up to Super Saiyan 3, Goku is ultimately overwhelmed and defeated in two strikes. Disappointed by the subsequent lack of challenge, Beerus departs in order to seek out more powerful adversaries on Earth.
Beerus' arrival interrupts Bulma's birthday party. Vegeta, who already knew about Beerus, because of a warning from Kaiō-sama, casts his pride aside in order to put Beerus in a good mood. Meanwhile, Pilaf, Mai, and Shu sneak into the party in order to steal the Dragon Balls, but are not recognized as they have been turned into children; before the events of the film, they gathered all the Dragon Balls themselves and wished for youth, but Shenlong made them a little too young. Discovering the three of them, Trunks mistakes Pilaf for a monkey and fibs to Goten that Mai is his girlfriend, which leads to the trio being brought in front of the party-goers. When Mai accidentally drops the Dragon Ball she stole, she takes Trunks hostage, but no one seems concerned. A drunk Gohan dares Mai to shoot him; he deflects the bullets with one finger, but one of them hits Videl's leg and another one hits Beerus' forehead. Dende heals Videl and discovers that she is pregnant with Gohan's child. Videl has been hiding the fact to surprise Gohan later and they do not reveal it to the others yet. When Beerus asks Mr. Buu for one or two of the puddings he has, Buu eats all of them, angering the God of Destruction, who decides to destroy the Earth. Buu, Android 18, Tenshinhan, and Piccolo attempt to fight Beerus, but are easily defeated. Gohan powers up and attacks Beerus, only to be taken down by a heavy kick. Vegeta tries his hand at defeating Beerus, but he is also taken down. Goten and Trunks fuse into Gotenks and attempt to fight Beerus but are quickly defeated as well.
Bulma becomes annoyed at the fighting ruining her birthday party, and yells at Beerus, before slapping him. When Beerus slaps her back, it sends Vegeta into a fit of rage, becoming even stronger than Goku; however, he is still defeated. Goku appears, having been watching Vegeta's fight and summons Shenlong to ask what a Super Saiyan God is. A Super Saiyan God once appeared on planet Vegeta to stop evil Saiyans, but failed because of the form's time limit. The dragon also reveals that they need the power of six pure-hearted Saiyans for one of them to reach the Super Saiyan God form. Goku transforms into a Super Saiyan God, a form far stronger than even the Super Saiyan 3, thanks to the power of himself, Vegeta, Gohan, Trunks, Goten, and Pan (from inside her mother Videl), fulfilling the prophecy once stated by the Oracle Fish. Goku confronts Beerus again and they wage an intense battle in space, right above planet Earth. The form gives Goku the power to resist Beerus, but he reverts to his regular Super Saiyan form due to its time limit. However, he learns the form's godlike feeling, which allows him to use some amount of Super Saiyan God power against Beerus. The two seem to be equally strong, but Beerus eventually decides to use his strongest attack. Goku stops the energy sphere, barely holding it back, but after Chi-Chi and Goku's friends appear in Goku's mind, he is able to absorb the energy sphere and briefly transform into a Super Saiyan God once again. However, Goku is overwhelmed with exhaustion, and at Beerus' suggestion, finally admits defeat. Beerus recognizes Goku's effort and reveals that he was the second strongest person he had ever fought, after Whis, who is also his martial arts master and is even stronger than he is. Goku also learns from Beerus and Whis that there are actually other universes with other Gods of Destruction. Back on Earth, Beerus decides to spare the planet and takes his leave with Whis after bidding farewell to Goku and his friends, who return to Bulma's birthday party. It is revealed by Whis that Beerus used 70% of his power while fighting Goku.