Central Heating Installation London
Welcome to PES Heating & Plumbing, a London based plumbing and heating company specialising in central heating boiler servicing, repairs and installations. We are widely regarded to offer the premier standard of central heating installation London has to offer.
Due to our location, PES Heating & Plumbing is ideally located to serve the whole of London and the surrounding areas.
Well established over several generations, we possess an enormous wealth of knowledge in the plumbing and heating industry, experienced in boiler maintenance and repairs, bathroom installations, dripping taps, leaks and much more, to both domestic and commercial customers throughout London.
We have developed an excellent reputation over decades from a host of satisfied customers in theLondonarea recommending us, we feel that word of mouth is an excellent testimony to us and to what we provide to our valued clients.
Install, Maintain & Repair
As the team offering the premier central heating installation London has to offer, we are able to help you with the repair, maintenance or new installation of any of the following types of heating system:
- Domestic boilers (gas, oil, LPG, wood, etc…)
- Domestic central heating systems (radiators, underfloor heating etc.)
- Domestic warm air systems
- Domestic hot water systems (combination boilers, hot water cylinders etc.)
- Domestic heating controls (thermostats, control panels, control valves etc.)
- Commercial boilers (gas, oil, LPG, wood, etc…)
- Multiple boiler commercial installations
- Commercial valve and pump arrangements
- Commercial warm air systems (air handeling unit heater batteries etc.)
- Commercial hot water systems (hot water cylinders, multiple cylinder configerations etc.)
- Commercial heating controls (sensors, control panels, three port valves etc.)
- Plus much more…
In addition to being able to work on specific system types we are also able to offer the following specific services for your heating system:
- Gas safety certificates (domestic and commercial)
- Heating system fault diagnosis (boiler, pipework system, valves, controls etc.)
- Boiler repairs and servicing
- General system maintenance
- Systems leak repairs
- System componant replacements (valves, controls, boiler componants etc.)
- Power flushes
- System treatments
- Plus much more…
Full Range of Plumbing Services
As well as offering the premier central heating installation London has to offer, we also offer a full range of plumbing related services, including:
- 24/7 Emergency Plumbing Repairs
- 24/7 Emergency Heating Repairs
- Free Quotations
- Free Initial Consultations
- Gas Safe Registered
- Central Heating & Boiler Installations
- General Plumbing Solutions
- Plumbing/Heating Maintenance & Repairs
- Blockage/Leaks & Dripping Taps Repaired
PES Heating & Plumbing offer a rapid, dependable and friendly local solution to all of your plumbing and heating problems.
All of our plumbers are fully qualified Gas Safe Registered and are always on time, friendly, always willing to offer advice and will always treat your premises as their own by clearing up after any mess they have caused, with as little disruption as possible.
If you would like any further information regarding the premier central heating installation London has to offer, please don’t hesitate to contact us on Tel. No. 0208 657 8260 / 07710 565 020 and our friendly and helpful team will be happy to answer any questions that you may have.
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Rapid response teams in place to support COVID-19 safety in B.C. schools
Published Tuesday, March 2, 2021 3:44PM PST Last Updated Tuesday, March 2, 2021 3:57PM PST
Monterey Middle School in Victoria, B.C., on Tuesday June 2, 2020. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Chad Hipolito
VICTORIA -- Education Minister Jennifer Whiteside says six new rapid response teams will help schools in B.C. identify gaps in COVID-19 safety plans to help reduce exposure risk.
The government says in a statement the teams will work with staff at schools, school districts and health authorities to review significant exposures to the virus.
They will review school or district safety plans and policies, assist in their implementation and make recommendations for improvements when needed.
The teams will also help schools and districts with communication plans.
The provincial government is spending $900,000 in federal funding to support one team for each health authority and a separate team to help independent schools.
Whiteside says gaps in safety plans and their implementation in some cases have been identified through reviews in cases of exposure, including classroom configuration problems and the sharing of supplies.
“We know that when our safety plans in schools are in place and being adhered to and we don't have any gaps in those safety plans, we know that is when our schools are safest,” she said on Tuesday.
Funding for the teams was first announced Feb. 4.
A lead school district has been selected for each health region and in Fraser Health, where outbreaks have been concentrated, the Education Ministry says there has also been additional support.
Lead school districts include Surrey for the Fraser Health region, Nanaimo-Ladysmith for Island Health, Central Okanagan for Interior Health, Peace River North for Northern Health and Vancouver for Vancouver Coastal Health.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published March 2, 2021.

domain: news


Sure, it’s summer and the living is easy, but it’s not too early to begin thinking about the 2009 tax strategies that will enable your clients to minimize what they hand over to Uncle Sam.
In addition to evergreen pointers like maximizing contributions to qualified retirement plans and harvesting portfolio losses, the down market and new tax credits have created a silver lining in the current financial cloud that’s worth exploring.
I spoke with Brett Ellen, CFP, president and CEO of American Financial Network, Calabasas, Calif., to get his thoughts. Here are five timely tax tips that can deliver extraordinary long-term benefits.
1. Convert a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA.
If you and your clients have discussed the benefits of converting a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA where qualified withdrawals are tax free, many likely balked at the cash outlay to pay conversion taxes.
Ellen points out, however, that as many investment accounts have declined in value over the past year, clients who convert this year will owe less tax than they might have in the past. The extra bonus is that their new Roth will capture gains from the market’s eventual rebound on a tax-free basis.
“Of course we expect the market to recover – just look what it’s done so far this year, all with no money coming off the sidelines,” he says. “Clients understand the benefit of buying investments cheap and having them appreciate as the market recovers, but when they convert to a Roth, the bonus is they will withdraw those appreciated assets tax free at a time in the future when it’s likely the tax rate will be higher than it is today.
“Let’s say a client moves $400,000 to a Roth and it’s worth $1 million 10 years from now. The $70,000 paid in taxes to convert could create an account that could support a tax free annual withdrawal of $70,000 to $80,000 for 20 years,” Ellen says.
While those tax savings would far exceed the initial tax paid to convert, Ellen notes that for some clients a combination of investment strategies and planning techniques can enable them to avoid paying taxes on the Roth conversion.
For example, Ellen is working with 61 year-old client with a $700,000 traditional IRA and a house worth $300,000. She owes only $50,000 on her home and although the monthly mortgage payments are low, she is frustrated by high taxes.
Ellen recommended taking out a $120,000 loan for 30 years to increase mortgage interest deductions from $2,000 to $7,000. Additionally, he’s using a combination investment tax credits and passive losses from her rental property to move approximately $40,000 a year form her traditional IRA to a Roth with zero tax, with the goal of converting $400,000 over a ten-year period.
This year, clients can convert their traditional IRA to a Roth IRA if their modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is under $100,000. Note, however, that the income cap is scheduled to disappear in 2010, courtesy of the Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2006. After 2010, there are no income limits for a conversion.
2. Take full advantage of the $8,000 credit for first-time homebuyers.
If your client is in the market for their first home, falling real estate prices and low interest rates are obviously good news. Additionally, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 authorizes a tax credit equal to 10 percent of the home’s purchase price up to a maximum of $8,000 for qualified first-time home buyers purchasing a principal residence on or after January 1, 2009 and before December 1, 2009.
While that should excite your clients, Ellen advises investing the $8,000 saved into a Roth. “The best time to get into a Roth is when you are in a low tax bracket, but younger clients don’t generally have a traditional IRA they can convert,” Ellen explains. “I suggest first-time homebuyers who get the credit and have a 401(k) plan that offers a Roth option, invest in the Roth instead of making pre-tax 401(k) contributions. Over 30 years, that $8,000 can grow into a healthy tax-free retirement account.”


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Titles coming to PSP
A couple of notable games are coming to the PSP later this year.
First up, we have Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines. This game looks awesome from the previews. See for yourself. And according to Gametrailers.com, the release date is the holiday season this year.
Next on the list is Dissidia: Final Fantasy. I'm not too much on figher games, but I am a fan of the Final Fantasy series. And it looks like Square-Enix revamped a lot of characters and made them playable. This one however is expected out on August 30th of this year according to gametrailers.
same here. I'm really looking forward to it, but I don't know how good the controls will be since I'm used to it on the 360
i am used on PC Keyboard ..lol

domain: hobby


text:
Giveaway: Two Pairs Of Tickets For The Residents Wednesday At The Granada
I know one guy who's very excited to see The Residents next week. In fact, so stoked is Darryl Smyers to see the legendary band of eyeball-disguise-wearing anonymous experimental rockers that he wrote a Critic's Pick preview story for this week's paper as well as a "Mark Your Calendars" item a couple weeks ago (which was a few weeks after the show first landed in Show Announcements, despite what his lede says).
If you have even half the interest in the band that Darryl has, you'll want to be at The Granada Theater Wednesday for the 9 p.m. "Evening With The Residents" show. Tickets are $20 to $30, but for two lucky DC9 readers and two guests, the show will be free, courtesy of the venue.
Each of the first two to e-mail me with the subject "Not Available" will receive a pair of tickets. If you win, your name will be on the guest list at the door, so be sure to include your full name in your e-mail.
Update: Contest over. Congrats to the winners.
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Keep your thumb on the local music scene each week with music news, trends, artist interviews and concert listings. We'll also send you special ticket offers and music deals.

domain: entertainment


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Weekly FX Outlook: A quiet start to the week ahead as London off on Monday, but plenty of US data on tap. Other end of the week is the business end as US payrolls dominate. FOMC on Wednesday, but focus on June. USD finding some support, but is proving hard fought. GBP at lofty levels, as UK growth slips. CAD remains under the cosh.
Looking to the week ahead, we may be starting with a bank holiday on Monday in much of Europe and the UK, but we have some notable events over the weekend which could impact on some of the majors once Asia returns on Sunday.
EU ministers will again be meeting on the weekend to discuss the negotiating outlines and principles in the Brexit talks ahead, and while there is unlikely to be any major changes, with GBP at lofty levels – though still undervalued – the jitters may return if the media headlines report any reference to a ‘hard’ stance.
Cable has been the focal point, fighting against the USD flow to push through 1.2920 resistance, but running towards 1.3000 we can sense offers ahead and another tough obstacle to overcome. Friday morning’s UK GDP print for Q1 2017 was a touch off expectations but enough to lift the year on year rate up to 2.1% from the previous quarter’s 1.9%. Over Tuesday to Thursday, we get more forward looking data in the form of manufacturing, construction and the key services PMIs, but along with the backdrop of the 8 June general election, UK data may slip back down the ‘priority’ list!
Greater implications for EUR/GBP perhaps but calls for a wholesale turnaround towards 0.8200-.8000 may be a little premature in light of the extended GBP levels against the greenback, but now more so as the EU wide inflation data is picking up. This week’s CPI read to within 0.1% of the 2.0% mark, and along with some of the positive economic developments in the single currency region highlighted at the ECB press conference this week, we can see why traders are now happy to give up on the downside – albeit for now.
EUR/USD has tested 1.0950 a number of times this week but repelled on each occasion, but on the downside, buyers are coming in from 1.0850 to prompt a near term stale mate. Against GBP, pre 0.8400 seems to be generating some demand accordingly, but plenty of selling interest into 0.8600 on way up.
PMIs also due out across the EU, with the midweek Q1 GDP release on Wednesday accompanied by the German employment report.
It is much busier in the US however, and while London is away on Monday, we have the Mar personal income and spending data followed up by the ISM manufacturing PMIs. The focus will be on Friday however, when the Apr non farm payrolls report is due. After last month’s disappointing 89k reading, market forecasts remain closer to the average readings seen in recent months, with consensus looking for 180k. This will be preceded by the private ADP jobs survey and ISM non manufacturing PMIs on Wednesday, but we have the FOMC meeting in the evening which has drawn little attention given the focus on a possible Fed move in June. The odds of another 25bp hike have shifted up from 70% to 75% for June, so little focus this time around with no press conference to feed off either.
North of the border we saw Canadian GDP moderating to a flat reading for Feb after the surprise +0.6% seen the month before. Much of the weakness seen in CAD over recent sessions have come off the back of president Trump’s threat to withdraw from the NAFTA agreement, but relations with Mexico and Canada have been smoothed over since. Negotiations are now back on the table, but the uncertainty may continue to weigh on MXN and the CAD, with Oil prices also having slipped to add to the near term pressure.
Traders continue to buy the dips in USD/CAD as a result, and having worked through much of the resistance area from 1.3600-75, the prospects for an eventual move on 1.4000 have been heightened. We also have Canadian payrolls next Friday, but trade data on Wednesday will be followed up by the BoC’s Poloz speaking later in the day.
In Australia, we have the RBA meeting on Tuesday, with the quarterly monetary policy statement on the Friday. Despite the headline miss in inflation this week, few see any likelihood of the central bank changing their stance to any notable degree. They may continue highlight household debt levels, but global risk concerns have eased somewhat given their recent verbiage. AUD/USD is now testing the lower end of the broader 0.7400-0.7700 range, and bears are finding it slow going.
AUD/NZD bulls will also be frustrated with the lack of momentum, but will have been encouraged by a clear move NZD/USD below 0.6870. Jobs data in NZ, with the latest GDT auction also due, but the latter has been drawn little or no response from the market of late.
email: [email protected]

domain: finance


- Methodology article
- Open Access
MAID : An effect size based model for microarray data integration across laboratories and platforms
© Borozan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
- Received: 27 February 2008
- Accepted: 10 July 2008
- Published: 10 July 2008
Gene expression profiling has the potential to unravel molecular mechanisms behind gene regulation and identify gene targets for therapeutic interventions. As microarray technology matures, the number of microarray studies has increased, resulting in many different datasets available for any given disease. The increase in sensitivity and reliability of measurements of gene expression changes can be improved through a systematic integration of different microarray datasets that address the same or similar biological questions.
Traditional effect size models can not be used to integrate array data that directly compare treatment to control samples expressed as log ratios of gene expressions. Here we extend the traditional effect size model to integrate as many array datasets as possible. The extended effect size model (MAID) can integrate any array datatype generated with either single or two channel arrays using either direct or indirect designs across different laboratories and platforms. The model uses two standardized indices, the standard effect size score for experiments with two groups of data, and a new standardized index that measures the difference in gene expression between treatment and control groups for one sample data with replicate arrays. The statistical significance of treatment effect across studies for each gene is determined by appropriate permutation methods depending on the type of data integrated. We apply our method to three different expression datasets from two different laboratories generated using three different array platforms and two different experimental designs. Our results indicate that the proposed integration model produces an increase in statistical power for identifying differentially expressed genes when integrating data across experiments and when compared to other integration models. We also show that genes found to be significant using our data integration method are of direct biological relevance to the three experiments integrated.
High-throughput genomics data provide a rich and complex source of information that could play a key role in deciphering intricate molecular networks behind disease. Here we propose an extension of the traditional effect size model to allow the integration of as many array experiments as possible with the aim of increasing the statistical power for identifying differentially expressed genes.
- Effect Size Model
- Indirect Design
- Entrez Gene Identifier
- Maid Model
- Microarray Data Integration
Microarray technology is becoming an important tool for biological research and clinical diagnostics , but it has the reputation of being noisy: studies addressing the reproducibility and reliability of microarray data across different laboratories and platforms have resulted in inconsistent results. Some have found agreement between experiments [2–7] while others have not [8–11]. A study by Irizarry et al.  on microarray data reproducibility has demonstrated that disagreement observed in some of the studies may be also due to questionable statistical analysis. There is general agreement that the variability inherent to DNA microarray technology is due to the following factors. There are a number of microarray platforms independently developed by industry and academia. Different protocols are used by different laboratories for RNA preparation and labeling. Different statistical and computational tools are used in the analysis of the microarray results. Due to these differences it is challenging to extract reproducible, biologically meaningful information from different DNA microarray experiments that address the same, or very similar biological questions. One possible solution to extract this information is to use meta-analysis methods that integrate the results of separate studies in a statistically meaningful manner. There are two main types of meta-analysis that are commonly used for microarray data integration. The first consists of integrating summary measures of gene expression measurements across studies. The advantage of this type of approach is that it avoids the need for estimating the inter-study variability and the issue of cross-platform normalization. Rhodes et al.  were the first to implement this type of approach. This group implemented a statistical model based on integrating p-values from individual studies to estimate the overall p-value for each gene across studies. The authors integrated four published prostate cancer gene array studies. Many of the genes identified were confirmed to be components of biologically relevant pathways, implying that the method extracted biologically useful information. Subsequently Parmigiani et al.  proposed a different model that uses a correlation-based method to search for consistent gene expression patterns across multiple studies. They demonstrated that their method can improve correlation of gene expressions across studies. Rather than combining p-values or correlations the second type of meta-analysis consists of integrating gene expression measures across studies. Choi et al.  were the first to propose this type of approach using an effect size measure  with a method that explicitly models the inter-study variability. Using the same datasets as those used in , they demonstrated that their method led to increased sensitivity and reliability. Subsequently Hu et al.  extended this model by incorporating a quality measure for each gene in each study into the effect size estimates. Using their model the authors combined two lung cancer Affymetrix datasets generated from two different laboratories and found that their method identifies more differentially expressed genes than previous methods. Taken together these studies suggest that a subset of biologically plausible and statistically significant genes can be determined from the integration of different array technologies. With an ever-increasing amount of microarray data being produced it is critical to develop statistically sound methods that will efficiently integrate, evaluate and cross-validate as many array experiments addressing the same biological question as possible. Even though progress has been made in integrating various array datasets, challenges still remain, one of which is that all the existing methods require experiments with two separate groups of data.
A two channel microarray technology continues to be used as one of the most common platforms for gene expression profiling [18, 19]. One experimental approach using two channel arrays is to directly compare levels of mRNA expression between treatment and control samples (also known as direct experimental design). Such experiments lead to datasets with only one group of gene expression ratios. The method proposed in  can not be applied to such datasets since it requires two groups of data. In order to allow the integration of as many datasets as possible, including experiments with one group of data, we extend the model proposed in  and propose a new mathematical framework for integrating microarray experiments with one group, two groups of data or mixed groups.
The model proposed in our study is more general than the model proposed in , and allows the integration of microarray data of any type generated across different laboratories, platforms and experimental designs. As such, it provides more flexibility for microarray data integration than the previously published effect size based model. The model provides also a new mathematical framework for addressing the inter-study variation for microarray data of different types.
In order to assess the usefulness of our model to integrate real data we applied our method to three different expression datasets generated from two different laboratories using three different 2-channel array platforms and two different experimental designs. All three datasets compared normal liver tissue to liver tissue chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Exploratory data analysis
Genes determined to be significant in the meta-analysis model
In order to further assess the advantage of data integration, we decided to examine whether genes found in our analysis had direct biological relevance. Genes that are determined to have statistically significant expression level changes may still have low fold increases (or decreases) that might not be biologically relevant. Although there is no consensus in fold increase/decrease associated with 'biological relevance', we chose a fold change of at least 1.5 (increased or decreased) between HCV and normal in at least one of the three integrated studies based on the estimate of the median standard deviation (median sd = +/- 0.23) of fold gene expression measurements in the three experiments (a 1.5 fold cuto3 on gene expression levels is 2 standard deviations away from the mean of genes with no expression (i.e fold = 1), and thus is less likely to be confounded with non-expressed genes). We found a total of 206 genes to satisfy those criteria. Of the 206 genes, 79 genes were integration-driven discovery (IDD) genes as defined in . We have used a 1.5 fold cutoff in our previous array studies using clinical samples and have determined a number of biologically-relevant effects (Chen et al. , Borozan et al. , Chen et al. ), and were able to validate 85 % of genes expressed at the 1.5 fold level, using quantitative real time – PCR (for more detail about gene validation we refer the reader to [30, 31]).
Biological pathway analysis
Significantly over-represented GO biological processes
GO over-represented categories
organismal physiological process
response to biotic stimulus
response to stimulus
regulation of caspase activity
response to pest, pathogen or parasite
response to other organism
Significantly over-represented KEGG pathways
KEGG over-represented pathways
Antigen processing and presentation
Type I diabetes mellitus
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Linoleic acid metabolism
Comparison of MAID with other integration methods
In this section we compare results from data integrated with MAID to results integrated with the other methods mentioned in the Background section. Among four proposed methods for microarray data integration [13–15, 17], only two methods based on combining summary measures (Rhodes et al.  and Parmigiani et al. ) can be applied to datasets with both one and two groups of data (a single group of data with two-color array technology can be produced using a direct design approach where disease and control samples are co-hybridized on the same array). The second index introduced in our model allows the general framework proposed in  to be extended and applied to datatypes that previously could not be integrated with this method.
The number of significant genes selected by each of the three integartion models with E(F P) = 10
# of genes
# of genes
# of genes
(Rhodes et al.)
(Parmigiani et al.)
E(FP) = 10
E(FP) = 10 and |fold| ≥ 1.5
Top five over-represented GO biological process categories obtained with three different integartion models
GO (BP) categories
# of genes
organismal physiological process
response to biotic stimulus
response to stimulus
Rhodes et al.
response to biotic stimulus
response to pest, pathogen or parasite
response to other organism
Parmigiani et al.
In Figure 6 we show the plot of the number of genes selected by each individual model versus the expected number of false positives. We found that the MAID model selects more genes when compared to the other two models for the same expected rate of false positives (i.e E(F P) = 10, see also Figure 6b). For the purpose of clarity Figure 6b shows the same plot as Figure 6a but limited to gene lists with the expected number of false positives E(F P) ≤ 21. The number of significant genes selected by each model is given in Table 3.
In order to asses whether the larger gene set selected by the MAID model (for the same expected false positive rate E(F P) = 10) enriches relevant biological categories we compared the enriched GO biological process (BP) categories obtained from gene lists selected by each individual model. We also imposed a threshold on selected genes' fold changes by requiring genes to be up (or down) regulated by |fold| ≥ 1.5 (for the reasons noted earlier) in HCV samples when compared to Normals (see Table 3). In Table 4 we give the top 5 enriched GO categories from each model.
As shown in Table 4 enriched GO (BP) categories obtained with a correlation-based method proposed by Parmigiani et al.  are less significant than categories obtained from either MAID or the model proposed by Rhodes et al. , and contain many fewer genes (no more than two per category) that show no clear relevance to the HCV disease.
Of the top five significantly enriched GO (BP) categories obtained with gene sets selected by the model proposed by Rhodes et al.  and MAID, two can clearly be associated with HCV disease; these are "immune response" and "defense response" (see Table 4). Table 4 shows that the enrichment in genes selected by the MAID model is higher for both of these categories "immune response" p-value = 4.96e-6 (MAID) vs p-value = 1.84e-5 (model from Rhodes et al. ) and "defense response" p-value = 1.81e-5 (MAID) vs p-value = 3.54e-5 (model from Rhodes et al. ). These results indicate that when gene sets selected by the model from Rhodes et al.  are compared by those selected by MAID, the larger MAID gene set improves the enrichment significance of the two of the most significant and HCV relevant GO categories and points to an increase in statistical power when compared to the model proposed by Rhodes et al. .
In this study we introduce a new effect size based model for microarray data integration. We demonstrate that our model, together with appropriate data pre-processing methods, can be used to integrate expression data across different laboratories, array platforms and experimental designs that results in an increase in statistical power for identifying differentially expressed genes when integrating data across experiments. Moreover, we show that genes selected as significant by our model enrich relevant biological pathways and processes.
In order to obtain the best possible results with our model, a number of important problems relating to each individual data set had to be addressed. First, it is only reasonable to integrate experiments that aim to address the same or similar biological questions. In order to address the problem of matching of samples and experiments, we integrated only experiments that compared samples of same biological type. Second, because most of the disagreement between individual array experiments was found to be due to platform-dependent probe effects , we decided to use only relative gene expression ratios instead of absolute measurements. Third, in order to ensure better agreement between gene annotations across platforms, we focused only on genes that had identical annotation entries in the NCBI Entrez Gene database.
After addressing the problem of matching of probes, samples and experimental conditions we used exploratory analysis methods proposed in  to determine if data from the three experiments presented any important systematic bias that would preclude their integration. We found all three datasets to show low correlation coefficients between their effect sizes – though a slightly higher correlation coefficient was found for datasets from the Washington group (see Figure 1). However, inspection of individual effect size distributions showed no fundamental differences between the three datasets (see Figure 2). Low correlations of effect sizes could result from a small group of genes showing similar effects across the three experiments. When expression measurements were integrated using the above methodology, we found 451 genes to be significantly expressed across all three studies with a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. Of these 237 had higher statistical significance in the integrated study than in any individual study. Of 79 integration driven discovery genes found with absolute fold expression greater than 1.5, 57 were shown to be up-regulated (or down-regulated) by at least 1.5 fold in only one of the three studies. This result suggests that the magnitude of fold increase (or decrease) in each individual experiment is a poor indicator of the overall gene activity when comparing across experiments and that a more suitable metric such as effect size needs to be used. Furthermore, of the 206 genes that were found to be significant (with fold ≥ 1.5) in our analysis, 11 were found not to be significant in any of the individual studies. The potential involvement in HCV disease of these genes identified through meta-analysis alone will require further biological study. Of four previously published methods proposed for microarray data integration [13–15, 17], two methods [13, 14], based on combining summary measures, can be applied to datasets generated with mixed groups (i.e with two groups and a single group of data). Comparing results obtained with MAID to results obtained with the models proposed by Rhodes et al.  and Parmigiani et al. , we found that MAID selects more genes than any of the summary statistics based methods, and that additional genes selected by MAID are relevant to the HCV disease. Genes selected by MAID produce an increase in enrichment of relevant HCV GO categories when compared to results obtained with the two summary statistics methods (see Table 4). These findings argue that MAID produces less conservative results that are also biologically more relevant, indicating an increase in statistical power.
The overlap in results of the top genes selected by each method (for exactly the same number of expected false positives) indicates that models based on integrating p-values  and effect sizes (i.e MAID), across experiments, give more similar results than the model based on integrating gene correlations .
Models based on summary statistics that integrate p values  or expression correlations  across studies can be used to obtain more precise estimates of significance of gene expressions than those obtained from the individual array studies (see for example ). However such approaches do not take into account the inter-study variability and can produce results that are significant even for genes that have significant fold changes but that are observed to be expressed in opposite directions (increased versus decreased) across studies. Models that do take the inter-study variability into account, such as Choi et al.  and MAID, would not consider such changes as significant (for example data integration using the model proposed by Rhodes et al.  leads to 19 genes that are significant but for which the fold increase/decrease is directed in opposite directions by at least 1.5 fold in at least one of the studies). In addition to ignoring the direction of change in gene expressions across studies, summary-statistics based models do not take the magnitude of observed effects (i.e fold changes) into account either. In this way significant statistical changes (or small p values) might not necessarily correspond to important biological effect (i.e fold changes) and could inflate the number of false positives. Effect size based models instead, integrate data directly by taking into account the magnitude of the effect and its consistency both within and across studies. Moreover it has been shown that models based on integrating summary statics are less sensitive to small but consistent expression changes than an effect size based model (see Choi et al. ).
Though we agree in principle with the approach proposed in Choi et al. , we note that the model assumes that a fixed or random effect model should be fitted for all the genes. However, this approach might not always be appropriate. As pointed out in , it is more likely that for some genes there would be no effect observed, while for others a fixed or random effect model would be more appropriate. A more flexible approach should improve the sensitivity and reliability of this model. Furthermore, as noted in , for microarray data and biological systems in general, genes can not always be assumed to act independently, but often show dependency through interactions and correlations. Without a better understanding of gene-gene interaction structures, it is difficult to realize how such improvements could be included in the model. We also note that particular care needs to be taken when integrating many small-sized microarray studies with this model as the estimated between study variability τ2 will be biased and would influence overall results [20, 28].
The approach proposed in our study differs from that of  and the GeneMeta algorithm  in several important aspects. The set of methods proposed in , as implemented in the GeneMeta  algorithm, can only be applied to experiments with two separate groups of data and thus can not be applied to two-channel microarray experiments measuring differences in gene expression values between treatment and control groups using a direct experimental design. In order to integrate as many microarray datasets from the public domain as possible we proposed a new integration method which we implemented in form of the R package MAID (we have made every effort possible to provide an R package with an easy to understand, high-quality documentation for non-expert R users, the package is available upon request from the corresponding authors and will be submitted to the Bioconductor  project to ease access and dissemination).
In MAID the type of analysis applied depends on the type of data analyzed. Thus for microarray experiments with two groups of data we use the standard effect size model proposed in . For microarray experiments with one group of data we propose a second standardized index based on the paired t-statistic (see eq.6 in Methods section) which follows a Student's t-distribution times , with (n - 1) degrees of freedom (where n is the number of microarray replicates).
In addition to eq.6 (see Methods section) we also propose new estimators for both the pooled standard deviation (which is now given in eq.7 and which replaces the pooled standard deviation given in eqs.2–3 in the Choi et al. model) and the estimated variance (which is now given in eq.8 and which replaces the estimated variance for the unbiased effect size given in eq.5 in the Choi et al.  model).
Although we adapt the same general hierarchical model framework as described in Choi et al. , a major difference is that for direct design experiments the inter-study variability given in eq.12 (first proposed by DerSimonian and Laird ) is calculated using new expressions for the pooled standard deviation and the estimated variance given in eq.7 and eq.8, instead of the expression given by Choi et al. in eq.3 and eq.5 (see Methods section).
The same changes occur in eqs.9–15 with new estimators replacing those described in Choi et al . Depending on the type of datasets integrated the homogeneity test is calculated using either one or both types of standardized indices and their respective variances. MAID implements a permutation method that is specific for each data type, experiments with two groups of data are considered as a two class label case, while experiments with one group of data are considered as a one class label case. In addition to the permutation method for a two class label case, MAID implements a second permutation method (a feature which did not exist in the model proposed by Choi et al.) for a single class label case necessary in the calculation of false discovery rate (FDR) (see eq.16 in Methods section). Without the proposed new estimators given in eqs.6–8 (see Methods section) and their implementation through eqs.10–16 (see Methods section) it would not have been possible to integrate array experiments with both direct and indirect designs using a more sophisticated model, such as the one proposed in this study that takes both the intra and inter-study variability into account.
Traditional effect size models  are limited to integration of array datasets with two groups of data. Here we extend the traditional effect size model in order to increase the sample size by allowing the integration of array experiments of any type. Using our model we have shown that it is possible to detect small but consistent changes in gene expression across these three biologically similar but independent studies. Genes with weak signals in each individual experiment can be seen as potential false negatives. We have shown that the number of false negatives can be decreased effectively by using our model. We have also demonstrated that a sizable number of genes could be cross-validated through inter-study comparison indicating that these studies show a certain degree of reproducibility. Our results also indicate that technical and biological variability present in datasets obtained from different laboratories, different platforms and designs can be overcome by appropriate data pre-processing and meta-analysis methods. By comparing our model to other integration methods available, we show that our model selects more genes (for the same number of expected false positives) that are of direct biological relevance to the experiments under consideration.
Finally we have shown that most of the genes found to improve in significance after data integration with our model are of direct biological relevance to the three experiments. High-throughput proteomics and genomics data provide a rich and complex source of information which may help to decipher the complex molecular networks behind disease. Beyond the analysis of the gene expression data presented in this study, our model provides a way of integrating multiple microarray datasets across a broad range of cross-platform studies, and allows a more general and flexible framework for microarray data integration.
Data sources and preprocessing
Three microarray expression datasets from two laboratories were collected. Two datasets were obtained from the University of Washington. These datasets were collected using two different versions of Agilent array technology. One dataset was generated using two-channel Agilent Human 1 cDNA array platform containing 12,814 probes. This study used a direct design and included 13 chronic HCV samples co-hybridized with 13 normal samples. The second dataset was generated using two-channel Agilent Human 1A (V2) 60-mer oligonucleotide array platform containing 20,173 probes. This study used direct design and included 5 chronic HCV samples co-hybridized with 5 normal samples. The third dataset was obtained from the University of Toronto UHN Microarray Liver Disease Project [30, 31]. This dataset was generated using two-color UHN cDNA microarray slides containing 19000 probes. This study used indirect design and included 40 chronic HCV samples co-hybridized to reference RNA and 20 normal samples co-hybridized to the same reference RNA. In total 78 samples were collected across the three studies. All arrays from University of Washington group were normalized using the Rosetta Resolver error model  while all arrays from University of Toronto were normalized using an R-based, intensity-dependent LOWESS scatter plot smoother (see the Methods section of ). Prior to data-integration all expression data were log2 transformed.
Data integration with models proposed by Parmigiani et al. and Rhodes et al
where p j is the gene specific p-value for the j th study. The summary S statistics is then compared to an empirical distribution, obtained by computing summary statistics S from 100000 random permutations of p-values from each study. The meta-analysis p-value are computed as the proportion of random S statistics larger than the actual S statistics. To estimate the false discovery rate we used the R package qvalue [21, 33] with the λ parameter set to zero that produces an estimate of FDR according to the methodology proposed by Benjamini and Hochberg .
Microarray Data Integration Model (MAID)
and n t and n c are individual sample sizes for treatment and control groups.
where S1 and S2 are standard deviations of treatment and control groups.
where n = n t + n c .
where is the mean difference between treatments and control for one sample data, is the sample variance and t paired is the Student t quantile with (n - 1) degrees of freedom.
where ν designate the number of degrees of freedom (ν = n - 1). The null hypothesis H0 tested by t paired is thus that of no differences between treatments and control for one sample data (i.e H0:μ = 0). We note that for studies with direct design n t and n c denote the number of co-hybridized treatment and control samples for each one of the Cy5 and Cy3 channels with n t = n c = n, where n designate the total number of array replicates.
In our implementation the correct specification of the class labels depends on the type of data analyzed. Thus on the basis of class labels specified, our algorithm identifies the two types of data automatically. Experiments using two channel arrays with direct design correspond to the one-class label case while experiments with two groups of data correspond to the two class label case. Depending on the data type given, a t-statistic is calculated using either a two sample Welch t-statistic for the two class label case or a paired t-statistic for a single class label case. In both cases the t-statistics is calculated using the mt.teststat.num.denum() function from the R package multtest .
where y j is the observed effect size in study j, θ j is the mean gene expression in study j, μ is the average measure of differential expression for each gene across datasets, τ2 is the estimated between study variability and s j is the estimated within-study variance.
Let denotes the observed unbiased effect size in study j for the two group data case and denotes the observed standardized index in study j for the one group data case. In our implementation y j from eq.9, designate either (see eq.4) for the two group data case or (see eq.6) for the one group data case. In the same way s j is calculated using either the expression given in eq.5 for the two group data case or the expression given in eq.8 for the one group data case. For the rest of this section, depending on data type to be integrated, y j and s j will designate either the observed effect size given eq.4 and its variance given in eq.5 or the observed standardized score given in eq.6 and its variance given in eq.8.
Under the null hypothesis that τ2 = 0, the statistics Q follows a distribution where l designates the total number of experiments.
In order to estimate the statistical significance of integrated results a permutation-based method developed by Tusher et al.  was used. In our model the permutation method used for estimating the false discovery rate (FDR) depends on the type of class labels provided. For the single class labels the permutation method is based on the paired t-statistic while for the two class label case the Welch t-statistic is used.
IB is supported by the National Canadian Research Training Program in Hepatitis C (NCRTP-HEPC). IDM is supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). ZZ is supported by Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute. We thank Kathie Walters in the laboratory of Michael Katze for helpful discussion and Maggie Shuhart who provided the original samples.
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COVID 19 (CORONAVIRUS) disease is the worst pandemic that is being faced by the world in today’s time. It is an infectious disease causing a mild to moderate respiratory illness and spreads primarily through the saliva droplets or discharge from nose or when the infected person coughs or sneeze. It started from the city Wuhan, China on Dec 31, 2019.
Every person is affected differently, but there are some most symptoms that will help you to remain in the alert situation and call for a medical emergency in case of worse condition People with mild symptoms can be given treat treatment in the home by keeping them in isolation.
• Difficulty in breathing or shortness in breath
• Chest pain
• High fever
• Loss of speech or movement
• Loss of taste and smell
Since cure has not be found ,there are few prevention for infection which are as follows:
• Maintain the social distancing (1m) with the person coughing or sneezing.
• Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol-based sanitizer.
• Cover your mouth and nose with cloth or masks especially when you move out.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose ,face frequently.
• Stay home if you are not feeling well.
• Stay away from large gathering.
Facts about COVID-19
• Snow and Cold weather cannot kill coronavirus.
• Hot bath and hair dyers cannot kill coronavirus.
• UV devices cannot kill the virus.
• Vaccines against pneumonia cannot kill the virus
• It is genetically related to other coronavirus found in bats
Myths about COVID-19
• Antibiotics will work against the pandemic of COVID-19.
• Good nutrition can prevent the disease.
• Rinsing your nose with saline can prevent the virus
• It is spread by a few spreaders.
• The product named coronavirus was sold last year.

domain: medical


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Article: Transcript: Where is the Elaine 2 Study and Just-in-Time Model Right Now? - Halle Moore, MD @HalleMooreMD @CleClinicMD @SWOGOnc #ASCO22 #OncoTwitter
Transcript - Where is the Elaine 2 Study and Just-in-time Model Right Now? - Article
Question – Please Tell Us About The ELAINE II Study.
So this was an open label phase two multi-center study looking at Lasofoxifene (LAS) in combination with Abemaciclib (Abema) for treating postmenopausal women with locally advanced or metastatic er positive HER2 negative breast cancer with an ESR1 mutation and this was after progression on prior therapies so as a background ESR1 mutations are a common mechanism of resistance to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy and have been associated with poor prognosis in metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer Lasofoxifene (LAS) is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator which demonstrated preclinical activity in ESR1 mutant breast cancer both alone and in combination with a CDK46 inhibitor so the ELAINE 2 study was to a design to assess safety and efficacy of the combination of Lasofoxifene (LAS) and Abemaciclib (Abema) this was done in patients with previously treated er positive ERS1 mutant
HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer patients were required to have progression on at least one line of prior endocrine therapy for metastatic disease and were also permitted to have had prior CDK46 inhibitor therapy and up to one prior chemotherapy regimen for their metastatic disease so in this phase two study the combination of Lasofoxifene (LAS) five milligrams daily and Abemaciclib (Abema) 150 milligrams twice daily was found to be safe and effective uh toxicities included diarrhea and leukopenia and also two of the patients in the study developed thrombosis with this combination the activity was quite impressive for this relatively high risk population in which 28 of 29 participants had had prior CDK46 inhibitor and close to half of the patients had also had had prior chemotherapy for their metastatic disease the median progression free survival was an impressive 13.9 months and about two-thirds of participants experienced clinical benefit at 24 weeks.
Question - Common Questions From Your Colleagues?
Well one question might be is this drug available and and currently this is not yet the Lasofoxifene (LAS) is not yet an approved medication um for breast cancer so further studies need to be done uh to seek such approval.
Question - Will This Affect Clinicians Today?
So since Lasofoxifene (LAS) is not yet available this isn't something that we can prescribe immediately to our patients but certainly these findings will affect our clinical trial development and the drug definitely warrants further investigation.
Question - What Are The Next Steps?
So the next step would be to do a larger phase three randomized controlled trial and the uh most likely looking at this same combination of Lasofoxifene (LAS) with Abemaciclib (Abema) and the big question in designing that trial is what to use as the standard comparator arm.
Question – Final Thoughts
So one of the interesting aspects of this study was the uh way in which patients were accrued to the trial and this actually in a separate abstract was uh an oral presentation so ELAINE 2 enrolled patients through two different methods one was the traditional accrual from academic institutions where contracts were negotiated studies put through various irbs opened over the course of some number of months and then investigators screened their clinics for potentially eligible patients in addition however the study used the just-in-time model through tempus in which a network of providers typically at community sites can rapidly open a trial using standardized contracts a central IRB and only need to open a trial when the appropriate patient with the specific biomarker in this case an ESR1 mutation is identified through the genomic profiling so in the ELAINE 2 trial the academic centers did end up enrolling slightly more patients in the long run however the time method was able to get enrollment going much sooner with more efficient timelines for opening the studies at the individual institutions using both methods of enrollment seemed to be very beneficial the actual the trial actually enrolled all 29 patients in eight months and the anticipated enrollment duration was expected to be 12 to 18 months so this really tells us about ways in which we might improve efficiencies in our clinical trial enrollment you.

domain: health


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Featuring Cato Institute Interns; and Heritage Foundation Interns; with an introduction by Mark Houser, Student Programs Coordinator, Cato Institute; moderated by Christopher Bedford, Senior Editor, Daily Caller.
A limited constitutional government calls for a rules-based, freemarket monetary system, not the topsy-turvy fiat dollar that now exists under central banking. This issue of the Cato Journal examines the case for alternatives to central banking and the reforms needed to move toward free-market money.
Americans are finally enjoying an improving economy after years of recession and slow growth. The unemployment rate is dropping, the economy is expanding, and public confidence is rising. Surely our economic crisis is behind us. Or is it? In Going for Broke: Deficits, Debt, and the Entitlement Crisis, Cato scholar Michael D. Tanner examines the growing national debt and its dire implications for our future and explains why a looming financial meltdown may be far worse than anyone expects.
The Cato Institute has released its 2014 Annual Report, which documents a dynamic year of growth and productivity. “Libertarianism is not just a framework for utopia,” Cato’s David Boaz writes in his book, The Libertarian Mind. “It is the indispensable framework for the future.” And as the new report demonstrates, the Cato Institute, thanks largely to the generosity of our Sponsors, is leading the charge to apply this framework across the policy spectrum.
Human Capitalism: How Economic Growth Has Made Us Smarter — and More Unequal
Featuring the author Brink Lindsey, Senior Fellow, Cato Institute; with comments by Reihan Salam, Policy Advisor at Economics 21, Columnist for Reuters Opinion, and Contributing Editor at National Review Online; moderated by David Boaz, Executive Vice President, Cato Institute.
The rise of economic inequality over the past generation has become a hot-button issue. In this e-book Cato senior fellow Brink Lindsey offers a fresh new interpretation of the growing class divide along educational lines. The good news, he argues, is that modern economic growth has made us smarter. Growth breeds social complexity, complexity imposes increasingly heavy demands on our mental capabilities, and people respond by investing heavily in “human capital” — that is, valuable knowledge and skills. In recent decades, however, the connection between economic development and cognitive development has broken down for large segments of American society. The demand for human capital has continued to grow, but the supply has stalled. Lindsey explores the cultural roots of this problem and offers policy prescriptions for reviving broad-based human capital accumulation.


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Flashcards in Zoonoses Deck (4):
Which "products" may be infected with zoonoses?
- biological products
- tissue cultures
- cell lines
Which diseases induces streptobacillus moniliformis?
- direct contact: rat-bite fever
- indirect contact: haverhill fever
How can you prevent zoonoses in lab animals?
- microbiologically defined animals
- biological products from safe sources
- barriered facilities
- good hygiene and working routines
- adequate personal protection measures
- measures in case of accidents
What are common symptoms of zoonoses in man?


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BLOOMBERG/Indonesia Coal Areas Have Infrastructure Hurdles, WoodMac Says
By Kartikay Mehrotra
Indonesia’s new coal supply areas in South Sumatra and the Wahau field must overcome infrastructure limitations to help meet demand from emerging markets including India, according to Wood Mackenzie Consultants Ltd.
“There is currently insufficient infrastructure in these areas to support large-scale coal exports,” Rohan Kendall, an analyst at Wood Mackenzie, said today at a conference in New Delhi. “There are numerous projects proposed which combined would add 140 million metric tons per annum of capacity. We believe that some of these are unlikely to progress given regulatory challenges.”
Indonesia, the world’s largest exporter of power-plant coal, will account for 40 percent of growth in seaborne thermal supply of the fuel over the next 10 years, according to Wood Mackenzie. Indian companies including Reliance Power Ltd. (RPWR) and the Adani Group are securing coal supplies as they build generation plants to meet electricity demand in Asia’s second- fastest growing major economy, after China.
The Wahau coal field, located in East Kalimantan on Indonesia’s part of Borneo island, and the South Sumatra basin will contribute to the growth of Indonesia’s seaborne coal supply, according to Kendall.
“There is $8 billion of infrastructure projects in the pipeline in these emerging areas that will support export growth,” he said.
The emerging basins are attractive for Indian power generators because they contain abundant reserves and production costs are low, according to Wood Mackenzie. Lower Costs
“The costs of investing upstream to secure coal requirements are much lower than Indian power generators would otherwise pay if they were to purchase all of their coal on the seaborne market,” Kendall said.
Indian utilities will need to boost coal imports as the gap between domestic supplies of the fuel and demand will triple within seven years, ICRA Ltd., the Indian unit of Moody’s Investors Service, said last month in a report.
Indonesia’s coal output this year may reach 320 million tons to 330 million tons, below the target of 340 million tons, as rainfall disrupts mining, Bob Kamandanu, chairman of the Indonesian Coal Mining Association, said in Jakarta on Feb. 1.


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Sunday Brunch at Dogwood Cafe – Riverside
While many locally owned restaurants took a break on New Year’s Day, Chef Stuart Whyte was hard at work serving up his Mexican brunch menu at the new Dogwood Cafe location from the Culina Family at Riverside Golf Course.
Riverside is a great location to slap on the cross-country skis and work up an appetite. Dogwood at Riverside is ideal for a post ski bite, but also a great option for those who roll out of bed on a Sunday and can appreciate that the brunch is available from 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.
Each of the dishes feature a flavour boost from Chef Whyte’s own Original Redhead Condiments – a line of hot sauces, mustards and other treats like the jalapeño leek 4 week fermentation.
I opted for the Desayuno Ranchero (Rancher’s Breakfast) for $15. Diners have a choice between chorizo or bacon, which is paired with two fried eggs, chilaquiles (fried corn tortillas), rice and potato sourdough toast. The chorizo sausage is handmade from local proprietor Steve Furgiuele of Fuge Fine Meats who uses locally sourced Alberta pork.
The chorizo and bacon are also options on the Huevos Benedictinos Rojas (red eggs Benedict) for $15. The meat is sandwiched between potato sourdough toast and a poached egg, and topped with red hollandaise. The dish comes with refried beans and potato croquetas (which may be the best tater tots you will ever have).
If you love meat and potatoes – be a kid again and order a plate of croquetas. The gourmet tater tots can topped with Fuge’s chorizo sausage.
Dogwood Cafe at Riverside is a casual spot that offers lots of free parking and great views of people skiing as you enjoy a spicy and flavour-filled brunch. Chef Stuart Whyte offers a unique menu featuring some great Alberta pork; visit him on on Sunday’s from 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.

domain: food


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Dick Francis's GambleAudiobook CD - 2011
Former jockey Nicholas "Foxy" Foxton is at the track one day when he witnesses the execution-style killing of his friend Herb Novak. Worried he might be next, Foxy wonders if there was a dark side to Herb he didn't know about.
Publisher: Prince Frederick, MD : Recorded Books, p2011.
Branch Call Number: FRANCIS F
Characteristics: 9 sound discs (10 hr., 45 min.) : digital ; 4 3/4 in.
Alternative Title: Gamble

domain: library


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For those who have a Tonsil Stone, you might be questioning what causes them and the best way to eliminate them naturally. Thankfully, there are several methods to do it safely and efficiently. Within this write-up, you will discover how to stop the pain and eliminate the tonsil stone naturally. It may also help you know what could be done by a dentist and if a dentist can remove a tonsil stone. You are going to also discover what may cause ear discomfort due to tonsil stones. So get reading! Hopefully, you will locate these ideas beneficial. If not, you can also check out our other articles on this subject. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Get Specialized Service Or Read On >>>
What Exactly Is A Tonsil Stone
What is A Tonsil Stone? is a common query that plagues lots of people. This condition could be brought on by several factors, including poor oral hygiene, an illness, or changes inside your lifestyle. Even though it might not seem serious at first, tonsil stones are painful and can bring about chronic bad breath. In the event the stones are big sufficient, they’re able to be mistaken for a tumor. Additionally, they are able to result in pain when swallowing, inside the ear, or perhaps inside the mouth.
A Tonsil stone may cause negative breath, because it contains bacteria. The bacteria that reside inside the tonsils trigger foul odors. In addition to the odor, tonsil stones can cause sore throat and mouth pain, too as a whitish, yellow lump. Those who are susceptible to them should seek medical therapy instantly, as they might nonetheless be experiencing a number of the symptoms. Nevertheless, you should first understand that regular tonsils are pink in color and about the size of a grain of rice. They might also contain tiny depressions called crypts, which may be filled with pus.
While tonsil stones can cause several unpleasant symptoms, they may be typically harmless. Although the stones can be fairly painful, they’re able to cause negative breath and can be tough to eliminate. The bacteria that trigger this situation thrive in places with low levels of oxygen. They are able to even exacerbate a dry mouth, as saliva consists of both oxygen and antibacterial qualities. When your mouth is dry, the bacteria can grow and multiply, causing poor breath.
Tonsil Stone Causes – What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone
Tonsil stone symptoms differ, depending around the size and place. In some instances, they might cause a foul odor or poor breath. Other instances, a person could only notice white or yellow flecks inside the back from the throat, which they may brush or gargle with. In most instances, tonsil stone symptoms are harmless, but some might cause a extreme issue, including persistent sore throat or difficulty swallowing.
Individuals with this situation must seek healthcare interest if their tonsils are large or obstructing their throat. When the tonsil stone keeps reoccurring or is also huge to get rid of at house, it’s advisable to see a doctor. However, if it is extremely painful and continues to recur, it really is best to get it checked out by a doctor. A physician can determine if other circumstances are causing the issue.
If you have frequent tonsil infections, you’re at a higher risk for creating a tonsil stone. Tonsil stones are formed when mucus, bacteria, along with other debris turn out to be trapped in these crevices. They are most common amongst teens and individuals with large tonsils. Nevertheless, folks with poor dental hygiene are also at threat for developing tonsil stones. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Use Experienced Service Or Please Read On >>> There are various remedies obtainable, but the greatest method to avoid obtaining a tonsil stone is to visit your dentist as quickly as possible.
In the event you notice a white pebble-like mass within the back of your tonsils, it’s probably which you have tonsil stones. In some cases, the tonsils can grow to be larger than usual and much more sensitive to adjustments in temperature. Other causes of tonsil stones include chronic sinus issues, and poor dental hygiene. In some cases, an individual may have also significantly plaque on the tonsils, which can bring about a tonsil stone.
The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation gives comprehensive information on ENT wellness and issues. A website featuring tonsil health information as well as a tonsil stone finder can help you find the proper treatment for the particular situation. There are also videos available on YouTube that will show you how you can get rid of tonsil stones. If your tonsils are too big, it’s essential to think about undergoing a tonsillectomy.
How To Eliminate Tonsil Stone
If you are affected by a Tonsil Stone, there are several ways to eliminate it without going to the medical doctor. You’ll be able to use a mouthwash containing chlorhexidine to dissolve the stones. You can also use a cotton swab to attain the tonsil cavities. Oral irrigators are also efficient for dislodging tonsil stones, but they require to become utilized on a low-pressure setting. Utilizing a jet of water directed at the tonsils also can help to loosen the stones. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Take Specialized Service Or Otherwise Continue Reading >>> You are able to gargle with saltwater to relieve the discomfort, but you should use caution if you have a gag reflex.
In spite of their unpleasant appearance, tonsil stones aren’t typically dangerous. Although they’re able to result in poor breath and difficulty swallowing, tonsil stones are usually harmless. Some can be removed by self-care, while others demand health-related remedy. A medical doctor must usually be consulted for removal of any stone in the mouth, even though. Some stones are much more hard to eliminate than other people, so you ought to consult your doctor should you notice any uncommon symptoms or you suspect a severe situation.
An additional way to get rid of tonsil stones is always to apply a cotton swab for the bottom in the tonsils and after that push it upward, thereby pushing the stone out from the crease. Whilst brushing your teeth is definitely an crucial a part of good oral hygiene, tongue cleaning is essential. You need to also gargle with saltwater to kill bacteria. You can adhere to any of these actions to obtain rid of a Tonsil Stone inside a all-natural way.
Using an oral irrigator may be an effective method to eliminate a stone from the tonsils. An oral irrigator is really a device for cleaning teeth that works by making a steady stream of water. It’s successful at reaching deep crypts in the tonsils. You ought to focus on the tonsils and be sure that you reach each and every part of the stone. Repeat the procedure until the stone is freed.
Making use of a syringe filled with salt water will also dislodge tonsil stones from deep crypts. You can spray this answer several times a day till they are removed totally. You can use a bent syringe to spray the tonsils with water. It’s going to get rid of the stones steadily. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Purchase Experienced Advice Or Otherwise Read On >>> Along with this method, you could also wish to pay a visit to your doctor if you’ve noticed any deterioration within your mouth.
Tonsil Stone Removal Tool – What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone
The Professional Tonsil Stone Removal Tool is definitely an excellent device for removing tonsil stones and earwax. The tool comes using a storage case and an instruction sheet. This device will successfully eliminate tonsil stones and earwax inside a matter of minutes. To produce the removal procedure even easier, the Professional Tonsil Stone Removal Tool contains a storage case and instructions sheet. This solution can help you to stop the formation of tonsil stones.
A Tonsil Stone Removal Tool is really a device that loosens up tonsil stones. You may also attempt utilizing a toothbrush back or perhaps a cotton swab to remove them. If they are loose and fall out, you ought to avoid coughing and pain. Making use of an oral irrigator frequently will also assist preserve the mouth crevices clean. You should not use the tool when you have sensitive gag reflexes. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Request Specialised Service Or Otherwise Continue Reading >>>
When buying a tonsil stone removal tool, be certain to research its features and reliability. You can locate a number of distinct types and capacities. Some devices are designed to remove a single tonsil stone at a time, although others are built to get rid of numerous servings. Study consumer evaluations, study item documentation, and talk to folks that have utilized the tool. Usually verify the after-sales service from the seller prior to making a purchase. It is by no means a bad thought to select a item with great ratings.
You may also remove tonsil stones making use of a water pick or cotton swab. The oral irrigator works by gently massaging the tonsil crevices and removing the tonsil stone from the mouth. When you have big tonsil stones, avoid making use of this tool as this could bring about extra infection. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Find Qualified Help Or Otherwise Read On >>> The water pick also works by dislodging large tonsil stones. The oral irrigator can also be an excellent preventative measure to assist avoid the formation of tonsil stones.
Tonsil Stone Remedy
The benefits of Tonsil Stone Remedy Forever are several. This digital plan teaches you the best way to entirely eliminate tonsil stones, restoring your self-confidence and your self-esteem. Additionally, it teaches you the best way to effectively clean your tonsils and maintain your dental well being. The key causes of tonsil stones, as well as ways to treat them, are discussed in detail. This book is recommended for folks who need to eliminate their symptoms naturally.
Your tonsils are tiny, oval-shaped masses located on the back of the throat. They act as part of your immune system, filtering out bacteria and viruses that may cause infection. These stones kind when bacteria and meals particles get stuck inside the folds. The stones at some point form, and also you could expertise pain, inflammation, or even negative breath. In most cases, tonsil stones are harmless, but they can signal a more severe problem.
To treat your tonsil stone, start by avoiding any activity that increases your risk of creating the condition. Avoid smoking or using tobacco, as both market the growth of microorganisms in the throat. Use a mouthwash without having alcohol. This will aid loosen up the tonsil stone. However, make sure to rinse well having a mouthwash using a good quality ethyl alcohol, which can lead to a negative odor and even more stones.
In addition to the extensive therapy system, the Tonsil Stone Remedy e-book provides 4 bonuses to its subscribers. The bonus “Dental Care and Hygiene” contains a guide to keeping your mouth healthful. It also consists of a guide to eliminating bad breath. Then, there is certainly the Lifetime Update Assure. If this can be not enough, you’ll be able to even seek advice from your dentist. In any case, you have to not hesitate to use Thera Breath.
The Best Way To Stop Tonsil Stone Pain
Getting a stone in your teeth is a painful encounter. You may attempt a few house treatments to obtain some relief, but if your toothache persists, you need to go to a dentist instantly. The following are some tricks to help you handle your tooth pain until you go to a dentist. Keep in mind, tooth pain does not have to be a permanent condition. You can locate quick discomfort relief by avoiding pain-producing foods or beverages, or by using a warm salt water rinse.
Salt water can provide discomfort relief and assist kill bacteria. Flossing with salt water might help by removing meals particles stuck between the teeth and stopping poor breath. Another house remedy to relieve pain would be to crush cloves and apply the oil to the affected tooth. However, cloves are a strong spice that may trigger burns to your gums and teeth, so be careful should you attempt this house remedy! Alternatively, you can also cut up a fresh onion and location it inside your mouth. Honey and cinnamon powder can also help in relieving toothache.
Can Dentist Remove Tonsil Stone
Although you may have the ability to attempt to get rid of a Tonsil Stone at home, a dentist is still the very best option. Even though the risks of self-removal are low, you nevertheless possess the threat of injuring yourself through the removal process. A dentist makes use of a special tool to poke out the stone, which can be significantly less painful than a water choose or a water flosser. If you are unable to cough the stone out, a dentist will use a water choose or water flosser.
The dentist can use an expert air or water syringe to dislodge the stone. Making use of the correct technique, the dentist can get rid of tonsil stones. However, she or he ought to also provide nutritional guidance. This way, you are able to maintain excellent oral health and steer clear of other well being problems. In the event you do not feel confident within your abilities to execute the procedure at home, you can seek advice from a dentist for a thorough exam. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Get Specialist Help Or Otherwise Continue Reading >>>
Folks that have chronic Tonsil stones are at higher danger of creating tonsillitis. This condition causes the tonsils to swell and is often related using a sore throat. Antibiotics and tonsillectomy will be the two common remedy alternatives for this situation, and they’re only advised for recurring instances. A dentist might help you stop or remedy this condition. So, never hesitate to schedule an appointment having a dentist. It is time you took action.
In some circumstances, a patient could have the ability to get rid of a Tonsil Stone on their very own. At other instances, a physician will advise surgical removal in the tonsils. However, this process might not be proper for everyone. You will find numerous house remedies to assist you remove a Tonsil Stone. These techniques might not be effective or will leave you using a negative breath. You can also use a water flosser to assist you eliminate the stone. Nevertheless, when the difficulty is recurring, a dentist will perform the surgery.
To prevent a Tonsil Stone, you have to stick to correct oral hygiene. Flossing regularly assists preserve the tonsils clean and prevent their formation. Warm salt water and antiseptic mouthwash might help loosen a Tonsil Stone. The salt and antiseptic mouthwash will help reduce the bacteria along with other material needed to build a Tonsil Stone. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Consider Qualified Professional Aid Or Read On >>> Additionally, you should limit your consumption of alcohol, dairy items, and smoking, and you ought to pay a visit to your dentist regularly.
Can Tonsil Stone Cause Ear Pain
A tonsil stone is a tough deposit of trapped food or debris on the tonsils. They generally dislodge on their own with time, but you could experience a significant quantity of pain in the event you try to swallow it. You could also notice a poor odor, or have problems along with your halitosis. If you believe you’ve a tonsil stone, seek the advice of your medical doctor to find out what therapy alternatives are available to you. A tonsillectomy is actually a typical treatment choice, however it is painful and demands a substantial recovery period. It really is also important to note that tonsil stones often come back.
Usually, tonsil stones develop at the base of the tonsil, in the back from the throat, or inside the eustachian tubes. The stone can take place anywhere inside the tonsil, and can result in ear discomfort. Therapy options to get a tonsil stone consist of antibiotics, saltwater gargles, at-home removal, or surgery. Surgical therapy is definitely an option if a tonsil stone is linked to a chronic tonsil infection.
Whilst tonsil stone removal isn’t a permanent remedy, it may improve your quality of life. Along with causing ear pain, a tonsil stone can also result in a lot of discomfort and difficulty swallowing. Should you experience ear pain due to a tonsil stone, you might want to go to a doctor or get it checked out at a pharmacy. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Request Qualified Advise Or Read On >>> This can be the only way to ensure you get the most effective therapy for the tonsil stones.
Even though tonsil stones can happen at any age, adult cases are more probably to possess them than children. Although they aren’t significant, they are able to cause other symptoms like a sore throat and negative breath. A pay a visit to to a physician is usually required, but you will find numerous ways to manage tonsil stones without having the want for surgical intervention. In numerous cases, mouthwash will help dislodge tonsil stones.
Although there are a number of therapy alternatives, the most effective approach to treat tonsil stones is by avoiding certain factors and improving oral hygiene. A simple alter in diet and way of life can possess a good influence. While tonsil stones hardly ever result in severe complications, they may be the root cause of ear pain and discomfort. When you have these symptoms, you may wish to seek health-related focus as quickly as possible. When the situation persists, you might require to undergo surgery. >>> What Will Happen If You Swallow A Tonsil Stone – Purchase Guru Help.


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Artist's Statement—I was a student under John Grillo during my college years at the University of Massachusetts. Mr. Grillo is considered the Father of American Expressionism. I learned a great deal about color composition through my studies with him.
When I get an idea for a composition, I am interested in the pattern of colors, lines and forms. I study how it relates to the other parts in the composition. Once I have worked out what I want the composition to do, I manipulate the color palette it to provoke mood and emotion.
I work in acrylic because it has intense color pigmentation and dries quickly allowing for a lot of glazing. I start my painting by drawing outthe composition in pen then covering the canvas in a dark color, usually raw umber. Next, I build up the color, layer upon layer, until I get the intensity I am looking for.
My work chronicles the people I meet and places I have been from all over the world. Some pieces are purely compilations of objects that interest me. Some are mementos of something I loved and wanted to remember. All of my paintings tell stories.
I hope my work will take the viewer on a journey where they can createtheir own story about what they see.
I have been a professional artist for over 25 years.

domain: artistic


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ATCAE registration deadline extendedOctober 26th, 2009 / By: dbhynds / Category: Industry News
The registration deadline for the Atlas® Technical Conference on Accelerated Aging and Evaluation (ATCAE) has been extended until October 30.
The conference for the global weathering community will be held Dec. 8–9, 2009, at the Point Hilton Tapatio Cliffs Resort in Phoenix, Ariz. Participants will hear from experts from the solar energy industry, with presentations focusing on the latest developments and research addressing environmental durability and performance.
Interested parties can register online at www.atlas-mts.com.


Bengaluru: In responses to notices being served by the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) and Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) to older apartments for not installing sewage treatment plants (STPs), the Bangalore Apartments’ Federation (BAF) facilitated a study to find if it is feasible to put up such plants.
The study was conducted by two structural engineering experts, Mr B.N. Nagaraja, retired chief engineer of CPWD, and Mr Ashok Rao from a consulting firm. They have come to the conclusion that retrospective installation of STPs in old apartments may impact the structural safety of the buildings which may lead to the collapse of the structures.
Asked if the civic agencies were not aware of the facts being highlighted in the report, Mr Nagaraj said, “I believe that the agencies are not getting into the details about the ground reality. But as a structural engineer, I can say that if the installation is forced it will be a disaster.”
Earlier this year, the the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board made it compulsory for the all apartments with over 50 units to install STPs. Of the 755 apartments inspected by the KSPCB and BWSSB in the Bellandur Lake catchments area, 319 apartments do not have STPs but are connected to the underground sewerage.
Sangeetha Apartments (165 units), Shashikaran Apartments (90 units) and Jayanthi Apartments (65 units) were the residential complexes where the feasibility of the installation of the treatment plants was conducted.
The report says that if the construction of an STP in the available parking lot of Sangeetha Apartments takes place, it would endanger the column foundations and would also violate the parking norms of the BBMP, which mandates a minimal parking space for visitors’ vehicles inside the complexes.
Mr Srikanth Narsimhan, General Secretary of the BAF, confirmed that the report has been submitted to the KSPCB and National Green Tribunal (NGT).


The board of park commissioners may contract for a term not exceeding three years, upon such terms as the board deems expedient, with any private corporation or association not for profit maintaining a museum of natural history in any county within which the park district is located in whole or in part, or which has for its object the promotion of interest in or the conservation and preservation of the flora or fauna in any portion or all of the territory comprising the district for the purpose of obtaining for such district such services and assistance as can be rendered by such corporation or association.
Cite as R.C. § 1545.10
History. Effective Date: 10-01-1953