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If you haven’t quite picked up on it yet, I’m a big, fat breakfast cookie lover. I love how easy they are to make (you can bake a batch is less than a half hour). I love that they are a handheld breakfast that is full of nourishing yumminess. I love that they make breakfasts (and snacks, I love them as snacks, too) feel like a special treat. I mean, c’mon, you’re eating cookies. For breakfast. And it’s good for you! Win.
If you’ve never whipped up a batch of breakfast cookies before, they definitely aren’t your standard sugar-bomb cookie. Heck, they aren’t even your standard sugar-bomb muffin or scone. These suckers are lightly-sweet, packed with healthy whole grains, and sweetened using natural sweeteners. They really are a sweet treat you can feel good about having with your morning coffee. Or tea, if that’s what makes your mornings happy.
One of my favorite quick and easy breakfasts when I was working in an office was to snag a breakfast cookie or two, plus a hard-boiled egg, and then whip up a green smoothie to drink in the car on my commute (using the awesome individual blender cups that come with my blender). It was a super speedy, super nourishing breakfast that covered all my healthy eating bases. I was getting in whole grains, lean protein, tons of healthy fiber, fruits, and veggies. And thanks to the joy of food prepping, it took me about five minutes to put together in the morning.
Breakfast cookies are endlessly adaptable, but this particular version is all about nutty flaxseeds and chewy, tart, dried cranberries. I know some folks aren’t too keen on the flavor of flax, but I personally love it—I think it adds a really nice depth and richness to foods. Plus, it’s super good for you! Flax is an excellent source of healthy fiber (and a lot of us don’t get enough fiber), plus it’s a great source of plant-based omega-3s (those things you keep hearing about on the news).
One caveat with flaxseeds—you gotta grind ’em! I sprinkled whole seeds on top of these cookies as garnish (because they’re cute and add a nice crunch), but eating them whole won’t do you much health-wise. The little tiny seeds have a very strong outer coating that almost always goes through the digestive system intact, meaning your body doesn’t get any of the nutrients. Make sure you grind your flaxseeds before using them (I use this coffee grinder), and if you buy pre-ground flaxmeal, make sure you stash that stuff in the fridge or freezer. Ground flaxseeds tend to go rancid pretty quickly, so the best method if you don’t go through a ton of flaxmeal is to buy whole seeds, and grind them as you need them.
When it comes to my breakfast cookies, I always use whole wheat flour. If whole wheat flour ends up being a bit too cardboard-y for your tastes, try using white whole wheat flour. It tastes a lot more like the all-purpose flour you’re used to, but it’s still 100% whole grain. Enjoy!

domain: health


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Chapter 455: The An Sisters
Henyee Translations Henyee Translations
“Just so! I can’t remember which family clan they are talking with, but they are also one of the mighty family clans in Northern China for sure. But what do I know, I am just a Taxi driver. ”
The Taxi Driver shook his head and said: “Ah right, I have heard that the An family was having a family reunion right now. It is a custom here in Don He Province to have a big family reunion after the new year. Are you a guest at the reunion?”
Don He Province was located in northern China, therefore, some of its customs were very different than Jiang Nan Province which was in the south.
However, the family reunions were similar regardless of which part of China one was at. Branch families would be gathered together to reflect and plan ahead. There would be many feasts with honorable guests. The family reunion was the stage for each branch to show off and compete with each other.
The An family was a powerful family clan that had existed for hundreds of years with many branches all over China. Chen Fan wagered that its family reunion would be ten times more extravagant than that of the Chen family.
Chen Fan said indifferently.
A flicker of Admiration flashed in the driver’s eyes. He said: “You must be either powerful or rich to be able to be invited by the An family. Most of their guests are either provincial leaders or local governors. Even the mayor of Phoenix City might not be on the invitation list.”
What the driver had said revealed the An family extraordinary wealth.
Don He Province was much less developed than Jiang Nan Province. Therefore An family’s fortune had made them feel like the biggest fish in the small pond. Everyone treated them like kings with unbridled authority in Don He Province.
Chen Fan said lightly; he was unaffected by the driver’s bragging.
He had even killed the director of the KGB, what did the An family mean to him? If not for Sister An, he would already have kicked their door open and severed the An family Lord’s head from his shoulder.
As the driver prattled on, Chen Fan learned more details about the An family.
The Ans Group was a behemoth that dealt with businesses in many industries such as heavy machinery, construction, real estate, just to name a few. The An family exerted its influence across China through their mighty commercial empire, making them even more influential in the business world than the Loong family of Hong Kong. The old man An had been sitting in the position of chairman at the board of directors for many years and had just recently retired. Now his son, An Tianshu was the one who called the shots in the company. The board of directors was filled with figureheads of other branches, making the commercial giant under the direct control of the An family.
During every family reunion, the most contentious agenda was to re-elect the members of the board of directors.
“The An family mansion is right ahead of us now.”
After about thirty minutes, the driver pulled the car over and pointed said.
Chen Fan looked out of the window and noticed that they were right in the middle of bustling downtown. It was filled to the brim with skyscrapers, hotels, restaurants, and shops, not an inch of land was wasted. It was evident that land was the most precious commodity in downtown and the An family had ample of them as their residence took up a large swath of land. A red door set in a tall wall and it was flanked by two stone statues of lions. Trees branches with lush green leaves poked out above the top of the wall, teasing the imagination of the Xanadu out of the beholder’s mind.
“Impressive! Such wealth and grandeur.”
Chen Fan sneered.
There were no words to describe the opulence of the An family’s residence.
Phoenix City was the capital of Don He Province with a population of a few million. It was one of the biggest cities in China. The properties in downtown would cost at least a dozen thousand a square meter, making the price tag of an average condo in the millions. However, the An family’s residence took up at least a hundred thousand square meters right in the beating heart of the city.
The residence was big enough to fit an entire community. If the land was redeveloped into apartments, the profit would be in the trillions.
However, An family had only built a two-story traditional style building inside the wall and turned the rest of the space into gardens.
The wealth of the An family was unheard of so much so that even the Su family of Wu Zhou City would pale in comparison.
“Sir, invitation please.”
Even as Chen Fan was going to walk through the gate, the guards at the gate stopped him politely.
The entrance of the residence was on a raised platform with stone steps with an exquisite facade with intricate carvings all in the traditional style. The burly guards by the entrance wore spiffy suits and looked sharp and imposing. The Taxi Driver had told Chen Fan that these guards made much more money than a white-collar office job.
“I don’t have an invitation, I am here looking for someone.”
Chen Fan said lightly.
“Who might you be looking for? Please register your name over there and we will process your request.” Although Chen Fan didn’t have an invitation, the guard didn’t lose his cordial tone of voice. However, the flash of annoyance in his eyes betrayed him.
Over the years, He had seen too many lunatics who think they could get into the An family residence and all of them ended up in jail.
“I am looking for An Ya.”
Chen Fan said calmly.
“An Ya? Never heard of this name before. ”
Many guards looked at each other in confusion.
They remembered the names of all the An family members by rote and no one seemed to know who An Ya was.
Even as the guards were trying to scrape their minds to search for the name in their memory, a middle-aged man emerged out from a Mercedes-Benz S500 that had just pulled over by the entrance. The middle-aged man came over to Chen Fan and said with a smirk.
“Son, the An family’s doors aren’t open to just anyone. I have worked hard for twenty years and finally earned the invitation this year. Do the same, and they might let you come in twenty years. ”
Before the middle-aged man finished talking, he was already through the gate. In his arm was a woman with carefully painted face and dazzling ballroom dress a pretty little bird in a fancy cage.
The guards had recognized the middle-aged man right away. They bowed and said: “Boss Huang, welcome. ”
“Please follow me…”
The middle-aged man was called Huang Hexiang, one of the top ten richest tycoons in Don He Province. He was invited by the An family to attend this year’s family reunion.
“Sir, we can’t find this person called An Ya. Perhaps you have the wrong name.”
The bodyguard turned around and coldly said to Chen Fan. By then, he was almost certain that Chen Fan was a thief who tried to sneak into the residence to steal.
“She is in there, I can feel it.”
Chen Fan linked his hands behind his back and said firmly.
Chen Fan and An Ya were inseparable while they were children, and so close was the bond between An Ya and Chen Fan that he could register the presence of Sister An even without using Divine Will.
“Sir, if you don’t walk away, I will call the police.”
The young guard pulled a dark face and said heavily.
Chen Fan narrowed his eyes and a hint of anger flickered in his eyes.
He had planned to play nice and talk to Sister An before he rushed into action. However, he couldn’t even get through the gate. So that’s it then: death was what they have chosen.
Chen Fan cracked a cold smile as the yellow gourd became agitated. Even as he was ready to lash out at the An family, a musical voice came into his ears.
“Are you looking for Sister An? Are you her relative or friend from Jiang Nan Province.”
Chen Fan looked back and saw a grey Maserati that was pulled over to the side. Three people emerged from the fancy race car.
A tall and handsome man stood in front and behind him were two girls, one young and one older.
The older girl was in her late twenties. She was wearing a business suit with a skirt and high heels. Her face was pretty but very severe. The one who spoke was a young girl standing next to her.
Judging by her look, she was no more than sixteen years old. She was wearing her high school uniform, white shirt and plaid skirt. She still some baby fat on her cheeks, which made her look as cute as a button as she smiled at Chen Fan. Even at such a young age, she had shown signs of extraordinary beauty and it was evident that she would grow up to be a devastatingly pretty woman.
Chen Fan saw the school name embroidered on the girl’s white-collar shirt.
“Don He Province Foreign Language Academy. ”
“Xiao Xi, don’t talk to strangers. Remember who you are.”
The tall woman chided at the girl coldly.
“But, sister! He said he knew Sister An. He must be from Jiang Nan Province. It might even be Sister An’s boyfriend!” The little girl pouted and protested.
Meanwhile, many guards came up to the three and said.
“My ladies, welcome back.”
“Come inside please, it’s too cold here. Don’t let your little sister catch a cold.”
“Ah-ha! Young Lord Hou has arrived as well. Xiao Wang, park our lady’s car at stall number one.”
These cold-faced guards suddenly all turned into butlers. It was evident that these three people had an unusual status in the family. Perhaps the two girls were what the Taxi Driver referred to as the princesses of the An family: An Yuqin and An Ruoxi.
Seeing the little girl stood still defiantly, still angry at her sister, the handsome young man put in.
“Yuqin, we might as well bring him with us. It doesn’t look like Xiao Xi will be happy until we find out who this young man is.”
The young man’s words made An Yuqin considered for a moment.
The little girl chimed in with a broad smile. “Brother in law knows me the best!”
Then she held on to An Yuqin’s had and pleaded. “I feel bad for Sister An. She is so lonely. Now her friend has come to find her, we should let him in; that’s the least we could do.”
“Watch your mouth. He is not your brother-in-law. We are not married.” An Yuqin shot a hot glare at her sister and then gave the young man a helpless look. Seeing the young man nodding at her, she caved in. “Fine, fine. Let him in.”
“Sir, we really shouldn’t do this, but since you said you know An Ya and my stupid sister’s pleading for you, I will let you in. But behave yourself, there are many guests there, and I don’t want any trouble, do you understand?”
An Yuqin turned around and spoke to Chen Fan coldly.

domain: literature


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INTERLEUKIN-6 IN RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY AND MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING IN AFRICAN AMERICAN INDIVIDUALS
Skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine organ that releases myokines with contraction. These myokines have been defined as cytokines and peptides that are produced, expressed, and released by muscle fibers that can have either an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine action¹. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been identified as a prototypic exercise myokine and can be measured in plasma after a single, acute bout of exercise². IL-6, however, has implications in both the development and prevention of metabolic disease. The effect of exercise duration on IL-6 has been outlined in the literature³⁻⁵, but the effect of exercise intensity has yet to receive the same attention. In addition, racial disparities in the development of metabolic disease have been shown with African Americans having a significantly greater prevalence of CVD and type 2 diabetes than Caucasians in the United States⁶. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of moderate and high intensity aerobic exercise training on basal, plasma IL-6 in overweight and obese African American individuals. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was performed on overweight and obese (body mass index of 25-45 kg/m2), sedentary African American individuals (35-65 years) (n=24). Participants were randomly assigned to either a non-exercise control group or a moderate or high intensity aerobic exercise training group for 24 weeks. Supervised exercise was performed at a heart rate associated with 45-55% of VO2 max for the moderate intensity group or 70-80% of VO2 max for the high intensity group for a total exercise dose of 600 metabolic equivalents of task (MET- ) minutes per week. Pre- and post-exercise intervention 12-hour fasted intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were performed. IVGTT samples were analyzed for insulin, glucose, lactate, and IL-6 using the Beckman Coulter clinical analyzer system. Bergman's Minimal Model⁷ was used to assess insulin and glucose kinetics of the IVGTT. Additional bloodsamples were also drawn and sent to a clinical laboratory (LabCorp Inc., Burlington, NC) to beanalyzed for a complete lipid and metabolic profile. RESULTS: In the control group, there were 11 participants, 6 participants in the moderate intensity exercise group, and 7 participants in the high intensity exercise group. Nosignificant differences were found between the randomization groups for age, gender, weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, glucose, insulin, and IL-6. Baseline BMI was significantly associated with baseline HOMA-IR (r=786, p[less-than]0.01) and baseline insulin (r=0.784, p[less-than]0.01). \ There was no significant change in IL-6 with the moderate or high intensity exercise group compared to the control group (p=0.8364). In addition, there was no significant change in SI (p=0.233), DI (p=0.422), or HOMA-IR (p=0.653). There was no significant correlation between relative fold change of IL-6 and SI (p=0.772), DI (p=0.545), or HOMA-IR (p=0.165). CONCLUSION: The present study did not find that moderate intensity aerobic exercise training nor high intensity aerobic exercise training decreased basal, plasma IL-6 in sedentary, obese and overweight African Americans. Insulin sensitivity was not improved in either exercise group when compared to the non-exercise control group. A broader scope on IL-6 is suggested for future studies and should include not only plasma but adipocyte IL-6 production as well as mRNA for IL-6. In addition, allowing enrollment of Caucasian individuals will allow for a direct comparison with African American individuals to further understand racial differences in the exercise response.
Krassovskaia, Polina. (January 0008). INTERLEUKIN-6 IN RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY AND MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING IN AFRICAN AMERICAN INDIVIDUALS (Master's Thesis, East Carolina University). Retrieved from the Scholarship. (http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8717.)
Krassovskaia, Polina. INTERLEUKIN-6 IN RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY AND MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING IN AFRICAN AMERICAN INDIVIDUALS. Master's Thesis. East Carolina University, January 0008. The Scholarship. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/8717. August 11, 2022.
Krassovskaia, Polina, “INTERLEUKIN-6 IN RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY AND MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING IN AFRICAN AMERICAN INDIVIDUALS” (Master's Thesis., East Carolina University, January 0008).
Krassovskaia, Polina. INTERLEUKIN-6 IN RESPONSE TO HIGH INTENSITY AND MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING IN AFRICAN AMERICAN INDIVIDUALS [Master's Thesis]. Greenville, NC: East Carolina University; January 0008.
East Carolina University

domain: medical


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I am happy to report that after two years of editorial work, Art and Archaeology – the newest addition to Springer’s One World Archaeology series – has been published. You can see a preview of the book here: http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/anthropology+%26+archaeology/book/978-1-4614-8989-4 Thank you so much to all the contributors for your amazing support and wonderful writing, and a huge […]
2012 Entries for The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Any words I might offer would only diminish how amazing this tradition is… From Matthew Allard: Japan has always been on the forefront of cutting edge robotics. Its roots can be traced back 200-300 years during the Edo period when skilled craftsmen created automata (self-operating machines). Using nothing more than pulleys and weights they were […]
Article source: http://urbanheritages.wordpress.com/2012/02/09/archaeology-and-the-homeless-community-turbo-island-bristol/
A Discussion of International Approaches Heritage professionals from around the world converge on Brown’s campus for a day of conversation. Cape Town – Dublin – Hong Kong – Istanbul – Providence – York What is heritage, and what forms does it take in an urban environment? How are creative practices affected by, and how do they […]
Video presentation for the “Heritage Erasure: Vandalism and Obliteration in the Historic Environment” session of the “Peoples, places, stories 2011″ conference at Linnaeus University, Sweden. Created from the archive of Fiona Hallinan’s artist project “Roadscore | Invisible String”. Thank you to Fiona Hallinan, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation, the John Nicholas Brown Center for […]
Exquisite Things: An exhibition of connections within collections from the May 2011 issue of Contexts – The Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology’s Annual Newsletter –by Ian Russell This past December, the students of Things: The Material Worlds of Humanity opened a new off-site exhibition project for the Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology. Located in the newly reopened Stephen […]
I hosted John Schofield from University of York at Brown University recently, and he gave a wonderfully engaging and inspiring talk about new directions for socially engaged heritage and archaeological work. Embrace the Margins: Adventures in the Archaeology of Contemporary Homelessness John Schofield, University of York, Department of Archaeology 2pm, April 5, 2011 John Nicholas […]

domain: artistic


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More than one in four UK shoppers (27%) actively looks for products with low sugar content, but they’re not always happy with what’s on offer.
Polling carried out across the UK, Germany, Italy, France and Sweden shows that more than 60% of people now monitor their sugar intake. However, labels remain confusing and consumers are not convinced that artificial sweeteners are the way to go.
The research, published by Sensus, suggests that “sugar reduction is not a straightforward issue”.
“One of the biggest hurdles in encouraging consumers to eat more healthily is that people generally enjoy sweet taste, especially children. Artificial sweeteners do increase sweetness, but consumer perceptions of them have waned in recent years,” the researchers concluded.
More than half (55%) of those surveyed claimed that the type of sweetener used in reduced sugar food products influences their buying choice. In the UK the figure is 40%.
This could open the door to natural alternatives. Indeed, 43% of respondents said there were not enough popular food products available with health benefits.
The survey was completed in June 2015. Since then sugar has become public health enemy number one. Last month the UK government announced the introduction of a sugar tax on some soft drinks.
In some European countries sugar intake is as high as 17% of total energy intake, far above the 10% recommended. Limiting this to 5% to would provide additional health benefits, according to the World Health Organisation.

domain: food


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Art deco engagement rings were in style long when the current fluctuations of precious stone cut engagement rings. The previously mentioned that get a kick out of any chance to be distinctive will cherish the vintage engagement ring as an assistant to their wardrobe. The mixture apart from everyone else makes them a stunning piece to have in your gems box.
Both white and yellow gold and even platinum where utilized within making abstraction deco rings. The key to this sort of ring was the grouping of stones and shades, giving complexity to the configuration. Seldom are the aforementioned rings simply one stone. A pearl is situated in the center and surrounded by stones for example coral, rubies, emeralds and even turquoise to run with the precious stones discovered in them. Precious stones are not continuously the core of the ring. It might be any stone you decide on, giving you far additional decisions.
Gem specialists can now reproduce the art deco engagement rings of the past consistent with the taste of the couple looking for them. Might as well you be lucky enough to discover a honest to goodness vintage engagement ring then you ought to be ready to pay a superb small total for it. Yet a multiplication of a relic engagement ring might be expensive because of the value of the stones and the personalization of the configuration. Seeing that the setting of the ring might be delicate and there is a risk of stones turning out throughout the cleaning, precautionary measures should be taken.
Because of the delicacy of the symbolization deco engagement ring it might as well not be kept with whatever is left of your gems. You might as well have an extraordinary place set aside for the proposed rings where they are not in threat of being harmed by different adornments. At the point that you participate in a noteworthy bargain of action it is best to take your vintage engagement rings off as they might work toward getting harmed.

domain: design


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Eagerly anticipated results of gene panel sequencing from the first cohort of patients with advanced colorectal cancer participating in a large European molecular screening platform were reported at the ESMO 2016 Congress in Copenhagen, Denmark on 10 October. New, potentially actionable genetic alterations were identified in these patients, many of whom were now elegible to enter a clinical trial of targeted therapies.
Findings from the first cohort of screened patients reported
Gunnar Folprecht, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus in Dresden, Germany, presented findings on behalf of EORTC investigators from the first cohort screened in conjunction with the Screening Platform for Efficient Clinical Trial Access in advanced colorectal cancer (SPECTAcolor). The SPECTAcolor was initiated by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) as the first prospective, fully annotated tumour sample biobank and biomarker analysis platform for genetic profiling of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The aim is to facilitate patient-access to a clinical trial for treatment with a targeted agent. Since the inception in 2013, this bio-bank has enrolled more than 900 patients from 32 clinical centres in 11 European countries and anticipates enrolling at least this many patients yearly in the upcoming years.
Dr. Folprecht reported findings from a cohort of 389 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent screening using a large next generation sequencing (NGS) panel comprising 328 cancer genes. All analyses were performed according to Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Standards: Limited gene fusions were assessed in a subset of samples and genetic events were detected by an ISO 13485-accredited analysis pipeline.
The prevalence of gene mutations differed between patients with microsatellite stable and instable tumours
Using immunohistochemistry or fragment length analysis, the investigators determined that 370 of the 389 (95.2%) patients overall were microsatellite stable (MSS) and 19 (4.8%) patients were highly microsatellite instable (MSI-H). Both MSS and MSI-H tumours were found to contain a median of 3 (Range: 0 to 16) driver mutations and a median of 8 (range: 3 to 16) potential driver mutations.
Among patients with MSS colorectal cancer, 77.8% had mutations in APC, 72.2% in TP53, and 47.8% of patients showed KRAS mutation. Mutated PIK3CA, FBXW7, and BRAF were present in 17.6%, 11.1% and 10.5% of patients. Mutations in the SOX9, SMAD4, ARD1A, and NRAS were present in less than 10% of patients.
More patients with MSI-H tumours showed TP53 mutations (52.6%), PIK3CA (47.4%), and 42.1% had KRAS mutation. FBXW7 and BRAF mutations were each present in 36.8% of patients and APC and SOX9 were each mutated in 21.1% of patients. No mutations in SMAD4, ARD1A, and NRAS were detected in MSI-H patients.
Tumour localisation of APC and TP53 was more often on the left versus right side, 80.8% versus 73.6%, and 76.5% versus 62.3%, respectively, whereas KRAS and PIK3CA occurred more often on the right; KRAS location was 45.5% versus 53.8%, and PIK3CA was 14.1% versus 25.5%, left versus right, respectively. The prevalence of BRAF mutated tumours was predominately right side: 5.1% left versus 22.6% right (p < 0.0001).
Additionally, the investigators detected BRCA2 mutation in 1.6% of patients, located left at 0.8% versus 3.8% right, and in 5.3% of MSI-H tumours. A total of 1.9% of patients showed ERBB2 mutation, that was found twice as often in left sided tumours; left 2.0% versus 1.0% right. Other potentially actionable targets included ERBB2 amplification in 2.5% of patients, FGFR1/2/3 amplification in 3.5%, and TSC1 mutation in 16% of patients with MSI-H tumours. Single ALK and ROS fusions were also observed.
SPECTAcolor is an effective platform for molecular screening in patients with colorectal cancer to identify rare but potentially actionable genomic targets, and to allow patient access to clinical trials of targeted therapies. The authors stated that they were able to detect new therapeutic targets by gene panel sequencing in approximately 10% of patients with advanced colorectal cancer who participated in SPECTAcolor.
Frequency of potentially actionable genetic alterations in EORTC SPECTAcolor
G. Folprecht, P. Beer, R. Salazar, A. Roth, D. Aust, R. Salgado, P. Laurent-Puig, J. Tabernero, D. Arnold, A. Stein, V. Golfinopoulos, A. Atasoy, E. Szepessy, M.P. Ducreux, T. Gorlia, S. Tejpar
This study was funded by an EORTC charitable trust.


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Mental Health Advocacy
Head Office, Tower House, 1 Tower Road,
This is one of our specialist areas. We have a growing number of advocacy services within inpatient settings including forensic settings. This is often a combination of issue based advocacy, residential visiting advocacy and IMHA’s (Independent Mental Health Advocate) for those patients who are detained in hospital.


A Global Webinar Series on "Gender-Responsive Criminal Justice and Prison Reform"12 May 2020
Experts are confident cybersecurity threat lurks in the new normal. To thrive, organizations must design resilient syste...23 Jun 2020
New Normal for the Court of Justice in the time of COVID-19 – Court “opened” as the source of legal studies with easy ac...16 May 2020
The National Symposium on Restorative Justice20 Jun 2019
RoLD Fellows took study visit at the Supreme Court
A justice system is a set of legal and social institutes involving many government agencies in enforcing the law, and the Supreme Court is the highest Court in the judicial system in Thailand. Acknowledges the crucial role of the Supreme Court, the TIJ Executive Program on the Rule of Law and Development or the RoLD Programme by the Thailand Institute of Justice took the RoLD fellows accompanied by the TIJ executives and personnel to a study visit at the Supreme Court on 24 January 2020 to learn and understand the critical role of the Supreme Court in Thailand justice system.
Honorable Chief Justice Slaikate Wattanapan President of the Supreme Court of Thailand welcomed and gave a lecture on the topic of “A Criminal Justice System: Policies of the President of the Supreme Court of Thailand in the protection of the basic rights of the people and practical guidance and expecting outcomes.”
In summary, Honorable Chief Justice Slaikate Wattanapan stated that the policies of this era of the Supreme Court are to enhance standards of protection of the fundamental rights of the accused and defendants while taking into consideration the rights of victims and social order. This policy has been implementing by setting effective measures for granting bail and minimizing inequality in accessing the right to be granting bail, maximizing society safety, and reducing unnecessary imprisonment.
Moreover, the Supreme Court enhances standards for case adjudication to ensure that justice is served, utilize technology to support judicial services, case adjudication and public participation in judicial work. Thus, the e-Court system has been developed and implemented to effectively facilitate the legal process for the public with the timely, fair and just system. Additionally, the Supreme Court is taking into consideration various channels that are convenient and economical for the public to use if they have limited access to technology.
Lastly but not limited to, the Supreme Court is strengthening the human resource administration system by balancing ethics and the system of seniority and professional merit. Plus, supporting the role of the Court in law enforcement in ways that will promote environmental protection and will not be burdensome or detrimental to citizens and society.


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Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP Represents Takung Art Co., LTD on $1.58M PIPE
Press Release – New York, NY – November 17, 2015 – Securities and corporate law firm Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP announced that the Firm has represented Takung Art Co., a provider of an online platform for artists and creative professionals, in connection with a $1,580,000 private placement of the Company’s common stock priced at $1.58 per share.
The Sichenzia Ross Friedman Ference LLP team was led by Partner Benjamin A. Tan.
Visit SRF's LinkedIn page
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text:
17.5”w x 13.5”h x 9”d
ANDREA DAVIDE Talks About This Kinetic Art Sculpture
The real story behind Andrea Davide’s Timeline of Destiny would make a blockbuster Tom Hanks movie. A U.S. fighter pilot becomes a battle hero whose story takes a tragic turn and quickly evolves into an enigma, a forsaken legend, until his truth is discovered by group of diligent seekers. An unlikely Samaritan restores the pilot’s honor and he is now free to join his fellow warriors in the American Valhalla.
The history behind Davide’s work is real. The art is the result from a painstaking undertaking by the artist and a committee of experts to uncover the story mystery of the downing of the aircraft of Major Thomas McGuire, a renowned American World War II fighter pilot, and his adversary, Japanese pilot Akira Sugimoto in Negros in the Philippine Islands. McGuire, one of the most successful fighter pilots in American history, was shot down by Sugimoto (who was also killed soon after.) For perhaps morale reasons, American military brass decided to let McGuire’s story be swallowed up, along with the flotsam of his aircraft, by the ever-consuming jungle of the island. An analysis of the evidence from the crash site revealed that McGuire’s end was an honorable one – an all-out effort to save the life of a fellow pilot.
While a Hollywood production would be sure to use easy emotional hooks to pull at the heartstrings of its eager audience, Davide chose to create a work that not only gives the actual event its due respect, but goes outside the constraints of the specific time to reach a more complex destination. Davide salvaged the materials for Timeline of Destiny from the actual crash site. The work is a culmination of the process of editing and culling the materials from the excavation, but rather than displaying her finds with a direct museum-like approach, Davide joins and juxtaposes her chosen pieces into her art.
The work contains utilitarian objects and materials (for example, it includes an unfired 50 caliber round taken from McGuire’s downed plane,) but looks less like a functional machine and more like an astrologer’s mystical or spiritual device. The brass-colored metals spike upwards from their geared bases, resembling a mechanical menorah. The base of the instrument is anchored by a rock taken from Negros Occidental, the island where McGuire’s aircraft went down. The concentric glass panes behind the work give color balance to the surrounding metallic surfaces.
Timeline of Destiny may appear to be an astrolabe of some ancient explorer, or the mechanical foundation for a medieval alchemist at first glance, but further investigation of the piece gives more credence to the truth of the history behind it. Davide goes beyond the literal display of these items as factual data or artifact; rather, she uses the real to focus on the broader event: the story of the individual acting as an integral cog in the machinations of a system and how pivotal that individual’s role can be in the greater context and how to be able to extract the beauty from it.
The Kinetic Sculpture Artist


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Metrolink drivers will strike over what Unite the union has called a “pitiful” pay rise offer from operator Keolis Amey Metrolink, with industrial action set to disrupt major sporting events.
List view / Grid view
The CTA’s decision has proved controversial among some transit unions, but the authority has insisted it does not want to fire anyone.
After welcoming its first team of female metro train drivers in January 2021, Moscow Metro has announced that its second team of female drivers are currently undertaking the necessary training.
Tamara Eelsing, Diversity and Inclusion Manager at STIB, the public transport operator in Brussels, Belgium explains how the Diversity and Inclusion Working Group she heads at UITP, is proud to be doing its part on challenging the gender imbalance in leadership.
This issue of Intelligent Transport is full of exclusive content from leading industry experts, including: what the future holds for sustainable urban transport; why it’s time to address the gender imbalance in the transport industry; and whether or not e-scooter sharing can serve short transit trips in Singapore; as well…
Switchio outlines the benefits of electronic payments, and asks whether the pandemic has brought us closer to going fully contactless in the transport industry.
Keolis North America's Robert Anderson describes Cobalt Search's efforts to deliver the right Chief Financial Officer for Keolis Commuter Services.
As the world continues to grow and urbanise, many cities will face transportation challenges. How can cities effectively manage the moving of large masses of people from one place to the next?
Via's Partnership Lead Olivia Blahut explains how transport operators and agencies can begin building demand-responsive services in as little as 10 minutes.
The Ohioan transit authority joins companies like PepsiCo and Airbnb on a list of the best companies in the US for women to advance in, thanks to equal representation in its executive leadership team.
TfL says it will introduce further education to both transport staff and schoolchildren on how to deal with hate crime, and has launched a poster campaign on the UK capital’s transport network to highlight the issue.
Aline Frantzen, CEO, US Bus Operations at Keolis describes the successful searches for a CFO and a VP Operations to her team in North America.

domain: sociology


text: The Camas Public Library's birthday is almost here! Help us celebrate our 95th birthday with a special bookmark contest. Kid's & Teens (K-12) design a bookmark for use within the Library. Each age group will have a winner (please only one entry per person). Entries must be received by Wednesday, March 28 at the Camas Public Library.

domain: library


text:
June 25, 2014 Written by Jason Dunning
LEGO Marvel Super Heroes moved over 500,000 copies in the UK during 2013.
How does the last Boxing Week flyer stack up?
These ones are for your kids.
PlayStation LifeStyle’s review of LEGO Batman 2: DC Super Heroes for the PlayStation 3.

domain: entertainment


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Factors underlying progressive brain volume changes in schizophrenia remain poorly understood. We investigate whether a gene polymorphism influencing neuroplasticity may contribute to longitudinal brain volume alterations.
High-resolution magnetic resonance images of the whole brain were obtained on 119 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Changes in brain volumes averaging 3 years were compared between BDNF val66met genotype groupings. Exploratory analyses were further conducted to examine relationships between antipsychotic treatment and brain volume changes, as well as the effects of BDNF genotype on changes in cognition and symptoms.
There were significant genotype effects on within-subject changes in frontal lobe gray matter (GM), lateral ventricles and sulcal CSF volumes. Met-allele-carriers had significantly greater reductions in frontal GM and reciprocal enlargements in lateral ventricles and sulcal (especially frontal and temporal) CSF volumes than Val homozygous patients. Independent of BDNF genotype, more antipsychotic exposure between MRI scans correlated with greater frontal GM volume reductions particularly among initially treatment naïve patients. There were no statistically significant genotype effects on within-subject changes in cognition or symptoms.
BDNFMet variant may be one of several factors affecting progressive brain volumes changes in schizophrenia.
From computerized tomography (CT) studies completed in the 1980s through the mid-1990s, cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments of lateral ventricle volumes in schizophrenia patients indicate that ventricular enlargement is already evident in first-episode psychosis, does not correlate with illness duration, and does not appear to be progressive (1, 2). However, contrary to these early CT studies, which are limited by low spatial resolution, small sample sizes and reliance on a single brain volume measure, the growing list of longitudinal MRI studies (3-11) provides increasingly convergent evidence for progressive brain volume changes during the lifelong course of schizophrenia. Furthermore, most cross-sectional MRI studies, though not all (12), that investigated the relationships between brain volumes and illness duration (13), or compared brain volumes between recently ill patients versus chronic patients (14) have also suggested that there are ongoing brain volume changes in schizophrenia patients.
Although longitudinal and cross-sectional MRI studies on schizophrenia patients during the past decade provide compelling evidence that there are progressive volumetric changes in the frontal and temporal lobes following illness onset, the mechanisms underlying ongoing fronto-temporal tissue volume reductions and CSF volume expansions are unclear, and remain intensely debated (15, 16). What factors might mediate progressive brain volume decrement in schizophrenia patients? How important are these changes in the clinical management of patients? Potential causes for brain volume changes include pathophysiology of schizophrenia, neuroplasticity secondary to antipsychotics, impoverished environment, fluid imbalance, nutrition or lifestyle, and measurement artifacts. In this study, the primary aim is to determine if a functional gene polymorphism, which influences neuroplasticity and has been implicated in schizophrenia, may mediate progressive brain volume changes in schizophrenia patients.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a trophic protein vital for neurodevelopment as well as in modulating activity-dependent synaptic plasticity among mature neurons, particularly in the hippocampus and neocortex (17-19). Studies indicate that the methionine (Met) variant of a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs6265), which produces valine (Val) to Met substitution at codon 66 in the proBDNF protein, is associated with inefficient BDNF trafficking, reduced activity-dependent BDNF release, and poorer hippocampus-mediated memory (20-25). Furthermore, in previous cross-sectional MRI studies, we and others found Met-allele-carrier schizophrenia patients had smaller frontal and temporal gray matter (GM) volumes than Val homozygotes (22, 26, 27).
How might a single nucleotide substitution in the gene encoding the proBDNF protein confer poorer cognitive performance and smaller brain volumes? Similar to other neurotrophins, BDNF is synthesized as a precursor peptide (proBDNF). Like other pro-neurotrophins, pro-BDNF is important for proper folding, dimerization and targeting of the mature BDNF (28). During intracellular trafficking through the Golgi network, the proBDNF domain is cleaved and the remaining mature BDNF protein is packaged into secretory vesicles. When hippocampal neurons (21) or cerebral cortical neurons (20) were transfected with BDNFMet variant, there was less efficient localization of mature BDNF to secretory vesicles compared to the wild-type BDNFVal. Thus, substitution of valine with methionine in the proBDNF is believed to disrupt folding and dimerization of BDNF and, in turn, results in defective intracellular protein trafficking and diminished BDNF synthesis (20, 21). Additionally, mechanisms by which BDNFMet variant decreases GM brain volumes may be mediated during neurodevelopment through BDNF’s neurotrophic effects (23, 29). In a relatively BDNF-deficient milieu during embryogenesis, fewer neurons survive and surviving neurons have smaller soma size and diminished dendritic growth (17). Alternatively, BDNFMet variant may further influence GM brain volumes beyond neurodevelopment through modulating neuroplasticity in mature neurons (18).
One approach to understanding when BDNF exerts its influence on brain volumes is to examine the relationships between BDNF val66met genotype status and longitudinal changes in brain volumes. If the effects of BDNF occur exclusively during neurodevelopment, one would not expect BDNF genotype to influence longitudinal brain volume changes in adults who are in their third or fourth decades of life. However, if BDNF val66met genotype has significant effects on longitudinal brain volume changes in young adult schizophrenia patients, it suggests that BDNF mediates brain volumes beyond the period of neurodevelopment, possibly via BDNF’s role in neuroplasticity (17, 18, 30).
Given that the BDNFMet variant is associated with diminished BDNF trafficking and BDNF release (20, 21) and diminished BDNF signaling in mature neurons decreases dendritic arborization (18), we hypothesize that Met-allele-carriers (heterozygotes and Met homozygotes) will have greater GM brain volume reductions than Val homozygotes. The primary aim of this study was to determine if BDNF val66met genotype status mediates progressive brain volume changes in schizophrenia. In addition, we will also explore two related questions: 1) the association between antipsychotic treatment and progressive brain volume changes, based on evidence involving animals (31-34) and humans (10, 35-37) indicating that antipsychotic medications may contribute to brain volume changes, and 2) the effects of BDNF val66met genotype on longitudinal changes in cognition and clinical symptoms.
Subjects were obtained through the ongoing Iowa Longitudinal Study of Recent Onset Psychoses (38). After complete description of the study to the subjects, written informed consent was obtained. The study design and method have been previously described. In brief, the study consists of subjects with first-episode schizophrenia or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. At the time of intake into the study, subjects undergo an extensive evaluation, which included standardized clinical rating scales (such as the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH) (39)), a neuropsychological battery, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Following intake assessment, subjects are evaluated at 6-month intervals using longitudinal follow-up versions of the clinical rating scales. At the 2-, 5-, 9-year, and 3-yearly thereafter, the extensive assessments performed at intake are repeated, including MRI of the brain and neuropsychological testing.
The 119 subjects (M:F=83:36; 113 Caucasians, 2 African-Americans, 4 Hispanics) in this report were selected from the larger overall sample based on having 1) CASH diagnosis of DSM schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (schizophrenia (N=107), schizophreniform disorder (N=4) or schizoaffective disorder (N=8)), 2) undergone at least two brain MRI scans, i.e. at intake and one follow-up scan, and 3) available BDNF genotype data. At initial assessment, mean age was 26.4 years (SD=6.77), and the sample had minimal prior treatment: 50 neuroleptic-naïve; Mean antipsychotic treatment duration=9.2 months (SD=17.0). In subjects who have more than one follow-up MRI scan, the first available scan was used so as to reduce heterogeneity in follow-up duration (Mean=2.96 years (SD=1.56)).
Magnetic resonance images of the whole brain were obtained on a 1.5-Tesla GE (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) Signa MR scanner. Three different MR sequences were acquired for each subject (i.e. T1-weighted spoiled grass, proton density (PD) and T2-weighted images). The images were processed using the locally developed BRAINS (Brain Research: Analysis of Images, Networks, and Systems) software package. The imaging parameters as well as detailed descriptions of image analysis methods have been provided elsewhere (40, 41). In brief, the T1-weighted images were spatially normalized and re-sampled so that the anterior-posterior axis of the brain was realigned parallel to the anterior-posterior commissure line, and the interhemispheric fissure was aligned on the other two axes. The T2 and PD weighted images were aligned to the spatially normalized T1 weighted image using an automated image registration program. These images were then subjected to a linear transformation into standardized stereotaxic Talairach atlas space to generate automated measurements of frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, cerebellum, and subcortical regions (40). To further classify tissue volumes into gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we employed a discriminant analysis method of tissue segmentation based on automated training class selection that utilized data from the T1, T2 and PD sequences (41). In this study, we examined six brain volume measures: frontal lobe GM, temporal GM, parietal GM, occipital GM, lateral ventricles, and sulcal CSF.
Study subjects were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests by psychometrists who have been trained in standardized assessment and scoring procedures. Testing generally took approximately 4 hours to complete and, when necessary, occurred over several sessions. In order to provide comprehensive yet efficient assessment of the relationships between cognitive performance and BDNF polymorphism, 27 neuropsychological test scores were grouped into cognitive domains on the basis of a priori theoretical considerations (42, 43). These five domains were: verbal memory, processing speed/attention, problem solving, language skills, and visuospatial skills. These theoretical groupings of cognitive domains have good internal consistency, and their internal reliability have been tested using Cronbach’s alpha (42, 44). The median Cronbach’s alpha for the five cognitive domains was 0.80 (range=0.75 to 0.85). Prior to deriving cognitive domain scores for subjects in this study, the raw test score from each of the neuropsychological test variable was converted to a z score (Mean=0, SD=1) based on test performance of the sample at intake assessment. Scores were reversed where necessary so that a larger negative score indicates poorer performance below the mean. From these z scores, each domain score is the summed average of its component neuropsychological test variables.
Using the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symtpoms Symptom (SANS) (39), symptom severity at the time of intake and follow-up were assessed along three domains: psychotic, negative and disorganized. The psychotic domain was defined as sum of the hallucinations and delusions global ratings from SAPS; disorganized domain was sum of the positive formal thought disorder, bizarre/disorganized behavior, and inappropriate affect global ratings from SAPS; and negative domain was defined as sum of the affective flattening, alogia, avolition/apathy, and anhedonia/asociality global ratings from SANS. The maximum possible scores for the psychotic, disorganized and negative dimensions are 10, 15 and 20 respectively and higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.
DNA was prepared by high-salt extraction from whole blood. BDNF val66met genotyping was performed using the fluorogenic 5′ nuclease method (TaqMan®, Applied Biosystems (ABI), Foster City, CA) using reagents obtained from ABI, including VIC and FAM labeled probes and TaqMan® Universal PCR Master Mix. PCR and allele calling were performed on a StrataGene Mx3000P qPCR thermocycler. Replicate samples were included on all genotyping plates to ensure accurate allele calling.
In neuronal cell cultures, inefficient BDNF trafficking is observed when Met variant is expressed alone or when Met and Val variants are co-expressed (20, 21). Therefore, since Met-allele-carrier status is associated with impaired BDNF secretion, heterozygotes and Met homozygotes in this study were categorized as ‘Met group’, and compared against Val homozygotes (‘Val group’).
To investigate the effects of BDNF genotype on progressive brain volume changes, repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA--also known as multivariate analysis of variance, or MANOVA) was used to examine whether genotype grouping (Met-allele-carriers versus Val homozygotes) had significant interactions with longitudinal within-subject changes in each region-of-interest (ROI). In the general linear statistical model for each of the six ROI (frontal lobe GM, temporal GM, parietal GM, occipital GM, lateral ventricles, and sulcal CSF), intake and follow-up volumes were the dependent measures (within-subject factors). The independent measure was genotype grouping. Total brain compartment volume, age at intake scan, inter-scan interval and inter-scan antipsychotic exposure (dose years; 1 dose year=100mg CPZ-equivalent/day for 1 year) were entered as covariates. Total brain compartment volume adjusts for individual differences in overall cranial size. Age at intake scan was used as a covariate since age is known to influence brain volumes. Likewise, inter-scan interval was also entered as a covariate because of differences in time duration between intake and follow-up scans among the subjects. For ROIs where genotype grouping had significant interactions with within-subject factors of repeated measures in brain volumes (i.e. brain volume changes over time differed significantly across genotype groupings), post hoc analyses used paired t-tests to examine changes in these ROIs over time within each genotype grouping.
To explore the effects of BDNF genotype on longitudinal changes in neurocognition and psychopathology, a similar statistical approach of repeated measures ANCOVA was used. In the general linear statistical model for each of the five cognitive domain scores (Verbal Memory, Speed/Attention, Problem Solving, Language and Visuospatial Abilities) and three symptom domain ratings, intake and follow-up scores were the dependent measures (within-subject factors). The independent measure was genotype grouping. Gender, age at baseline assessment, inter-scan interval, and inter-scan antipsychotic exposure (dose years) were entered as covariates. Full-scale IQ was an additional covariate in the analyses of neurocognition.
Lastly, exploratory regression analyses were performed to examine if the relationships between longitudinal changes in MRI brain volumes and changes in neurocognition were different across BDNF genotype groupings.
Genotype (Met/Met=3.4%, Val/Met=34.5%, Val/Val=62.1%) and allele (20.6% Met) frequency distributions were consistent with those expected of Caucasian samples. Met and Val groups did not differ significantly in age, inter-scan interval, or on factors associated with poor outcome in schizophrenia – male gender, early age of illness onset or poor premorbid social adjustment (Table 1).
At baseline scan, 50 subjects were neuroleptic naïve. The proportions of neuroleptic naïve patients in each BDNF genotype grouping did not differ significantly (Table 1; χ2=2.46, p=0.12). Being a long-term longitudinal study, antipsychotic treatment during the inter-scan interval was naturalistic. Patients received antipsychotic treatment for much of the time period between scans (Mean=84.9% of the inter-scan interval (SD=27.7)). Non-clozapine atypicals were the predominant class of antipsychotics. Twenty-four patients (20.2%) required clozapine treatment during the inter-scan interval. Mean antipsychotic dose for the sample was 519.8mg chlorpromazine (CPZ)-equivalent/day (SD=472.6). Compliance with antipsychotic treatment was between Good to Excellent (Mean=1.87 (SD=0.86); rated on a 5-point scale with 1 being ‘Excellent’ and 2 being ‘Good’). None of these antipsychotic treatment measures differed significantly between BDNF genotype groupings (Table 1).
Least square means for MRI brain volumes at baseline and at follow-up assessment are summarized in Table 2. There was a significant genotype main effect on within-subject changes in frontal GM volume (F=4.20, dfs=1,113, p=0.05). Met-allele-carriers showed significant reductions in frontal GM volume at follow-up assessment compared to baseline (Mean=−4.83 cc; T=2.08, df=44, p=0.04). Follow-up frontal GM volumes did not differ significantly from baseline among Val homozygotes (Mean=−0.98 cc; T=0.56, df=73, p=0.58). There were no significant genotype main effects on within-subject changes in temporal, parietal or occipital GM volumes (Table 2; F≤0.73, dfs=1,113, p≥0.40).
Significant genotype main effects were also found on within-subject changes in lateral ventricles and sulcal CSF volumes (Table 2; F≥6.55, dfs=1,113, p≤0.01). Compared to baseline, Met-allele-carriers had significant enlargements in lateral ventricles and sulcal CSF volumes at follow-up assessment (Mean=1.30cc or 16.12cc respectively; T≥3.95, df=44, p≤0.0003). Within-subject changes in these CSF volumes were not statistically significant in Val homozygotes (T≤1.67, df=73, p≥0.10). Furthermore, differential changes in sulcal CSF volumes between genotype groupings were restricted to frontal and temporal lobes. Significant genotype main effects were found on within-subject changes in frontal CSF and temporal CSF volumes (F≥6.71, dfs=1,113, p≤0.01), but not in parietal CSF or occipital CSF volumes (F≤1.84, dfs=1,113, p≥0.18). Met-allele-carriers again showed greater frontal CSF (Mean=11.94cc) and temporal CSF (Mean=1.63cc) volume enlargements than Val homozygotes (Mean=4.69cc or −0.47cc respectively).
To examine the inter-relationships between antipsychotic treatment and BDNF genotype on longitudinal MR brain volume changes, antipsychotic exposure during the inter-scan interval (dose years; 1 dose year=100mg CPZ-equivalent/day for 1 year) was included as a covariate in the repeated measures general linear models (Table 2). For frontal GM volume changes, antipsychotic treatment main effect approached but did not achieve statistical significance (F=3.22, dfs=1,113, p=0.08). There were no statistically significant antipsychotic treatment main effects on within subject changes in the other MRI brain volume measures either (F≤2.56 dfs=1,113, p≥0.11).
Additionally, for brain regions where there were significant repeated measures within-subject genotype main effects (i.e. frontal GM, lateral ventricles and sulcal CSF), we used regression analyses to explore the effects sizes and relative independent contributions from BDNF genotype and from antipsychotic exposure on variance in longitudinal brain volume changes. Type II squared partial correlations between brain volume changes and genotype grouping and between brain volume changes and treatment are summarized in Figure 1.
BDNF genotype accounted for 3.4% (T=2.01, dfs=1,118, p=0.05) of the variance in frontal GM volume changes while antipsychotic treatment contributed an additional 2.8% (T=1.79, dfs=1,118, p=0.08) of variance in frontal GM volume changes (Figure 1a). Higher dose years correlated significantly with greater frontal GM volume reductions (Spearman partial r=−0.20, df=117, p=0.03). However, these inter-relationships varied according to antipsychotic treatment status at baseline scan.
For patients who had been neuroleptic naïve at baseline scan, antipsychotic treatment accounted for 6.5% (T=1.75, dfs=1,118, p=0.09) of variance in frontal GM changes while BDNF genotype had no independent contributions (squared partial r=0.00; T=0.05, p=0.96). Higher dose years correlated significantly with greater frontal GM volume reductions (Spearman partial r=−0.32, df=48, p=0.03). Conversely, among patients who had already been receiving antipsychotic treatment at the time of baseline scan, the relative independent contributions to variance in frontal GM volume changes were 9.9% from BDNF genotype (T=2.63, dfs=1,118, p=0.01), and 0.9% from antipsychotic treatment (T=0.76, dfs=1,118, p=0.45).
Variance in lateral ventricle and sulcal CSF volume changes accounted for by BDNF genotype were larger (~6%) than those from antipsychotic treatment (≤2%; Figure 1b and 1c). These inter-relationships did not differ substantially according to antipsychotic treatment status at baseline scan.
Least square means for cognitive domain scores and symptom severity at baseline and at follow-up assessment are summarized in Table 3. Each of the 5 cognitive domain scores improved significantly at follow-up (within-subject Time main effect; F≥8.19, dfs=1,109 or 1,113, p≤0.005). Negative symptoms at follow-up were also significantly less severe than at baseline (within-subject Time main effect; F=4.18, dfs=1,114, p=0.04). Severity of psychotic and disorganized symptoms declined at follow-up although these approached but did not achieve statistical significance (within-subject Time main effect; F≤3.53, dfs=1,114, p≥0.06).
However, none of these longitudinal changes in neurocognition or in symptom severity differed significantly between genotype groupings. There were no significant genotype main effects on repeated measures within-subject changes in cognitive domain scores (Table 3; F≤0.65, dfs=1,109 or 1,113, p≥0.42) or in symptom severity (F≤2.26, dfs=1,114, p≥0.14). Antipsychotic treatment received during the interscan interval had no significant main effects on within-subject changes in symptom severity (F≤0.39, dfs=1,114, p≥0.54) or cognitive performance (F≤1.15, dfs=1,109 or 1,113, p≥0.29) except on Problem Solving and Visuospatial Abilities domain scores (F≥4.67, dfs=1,113, p≤0.03; partial r≥−0.20, df=118, p≤0.03).
There were significant between-subject genotype main effects on Verbal Memory, Problem Solving and Visuospatial Abilities domain scores (F≥4.19, dfs=1,109 or 1,113, p≤0.04). Met allele-carriers had greater impairment than Val homozygotes on these cognitive domains (univariate genotype main effects on baseline Verbal Memory domain score (F=4.65, dfs=1,114, p=0.03), follow-up Verbal Memory (F=6.44, dfs=1,114, p=0.01), baseline Problem Solving (Baseline: F=3.04, dfs=1,117, p=0.08), follow-up Problem Solving (F=2.85, dfs=1,117, p=0.09), baseline Visuospatial Abilities (F=4.53, dfs=1,117, p=0.03), and follow-up Visuospatial Abilities (F=2.49, dfs=1,117, p=0.12)). Between-subject genotype main effects on Speed/Attention and Language domain scores were not statistically significant (F≤0.78, dfs=1,113, p≥0.38). Symptom severity also did not differ significantly between genotype groupings (between-subject genotype main effects; F≤0.63, dfs=1,114, p≥0.43).
Since Met allele carriers showed greater frontal GM volume reductions, we explored how longitudinal changes in frontal GM volume may be related to changes in neurocognition, and if such relationships differed between genotype groupings. We first tested the overall effect of frontal GM volume change scores on all five cognitive domain change scores in a joint omnibus multivariate regression test. Frontal GM volume change (follow-up volume minus baseline volume) was the independent variable. The 5 cognitive domain change scores were entered simultaneously as dependent variables. Covariates in the joint omnibus test were total brain compartment volume, age at intake scan, inter-scan interval and dose year. A frontal GM volume change-by-genotype interaction term was also entered in the regression model.
In the joint omnibus test, there was a significant overall main effect of frontal GM volume change on longitudinal changes in neurocognition (F=2.70, dfs=5,103, p=0.02). The frontal GM volume change-by-genotype interaction term was also statistically significant (F=3.75, dfs=5,103, p=0.004), which indicated that the relationships between frontal GM volume changes and changes in cognitive domain scores differed between genotype groupings. Pearson partial correlation coefficients for the relationships between frontal GM volume change scores and cognitive domain change scores within each genotype group are summarized in Table 4. Among Val homozygotes, enlargements in frontal GM volumes were significantly associated with worsening Verbal Memory performance (Table 4 and Supplementary Figure 1a; Pearson partial r=−0.32, df=69, p=0.007). In Met allele carriers, frontal GM volume reductions correlated with greater decline in Verbal Memory performance although this was not statistically significant (Pearson partial r=0.16, df=42, p=0.31). Post hoc univariate analyses found significant frontal GM volume change-by-genotype interaction effects on Verbal Memory change scores (F=8.52, dfs=1,114, p=0.004).
Among Val homozygotes, reductions in frontal GM volume correlated significantly with worsening of Visuospatial Abilities (Table 4 and Supplementary Figure 1b; Pearson partial r=0.28, df=71, p=0.02). Although frontal GM volume-visuospatial relationships were weaker among Met allele carriers (Pearson partial r=0.10, df=43, p=0.54), the association was in the same direction as that observed among Val homozygotes. For Speed/Attention, Problem Solving and Language cognitive domains, there were no significant correlations between changes in frontal GM volumes and changes in cognitive domain scores (Table 4; Pearson partial r≤0.16, df=43 or 71, p≥0.18).
In this study, we investigated the effects of BNDF val66met genotype on longitudinal changes in MRI brain volumes, neurocognition and symptom severity early in the course of schizophrenia. We found Met-allele-carriers had greater reductions in frontal GM volume as well as greater expansions in lateral ventricles and sulcal (especially frontal and temporal) CSF volumes than Val homozygotes. Although the contributions from BDNF genotype and antipsychotic treatment on progressive frontal GM volume reductions were similarly modest in the overall sample, their relative effects appear to vary depending on intake antipsychotic treatment status. Even though Met allele carriers had poorer Verbal Memory and Visuospatial Abilities than Val homozygotes, longitudinal changes in cognition or in symptom severity did not differ between BDNF genotype groupings. Lastly, our study suggests that the relationships between frontal GM changes and changes in cognition may be different across BDNF genotypes, particularly with respect to verbal memory.
That Met-allele-carriers show progressive frontal GM reductions and larger CSF volume expansions than Val homozygotes are consistent with recent cross-sectional MRI studies (22, 26), which have reported associations between BDNFMet variant and smaller frontal and temporal GM volumes. The mechanisms by which BDNFMet variant affects brain volumes may be mediated via BDNF’s neurotrophic effects during neurodevelopment (30). Since BDNFMet variant is associated with inefficient intracellular BDNF trafficking and reduced BDNF secretion (20, 21), the resultant BDNF-deficient milieu during neurodevelopment may lead to diminished neuronal proliferation, fewer neurons, small soma size and reduced dendritic growth (17), and in turn smaller gross brain volumes measured using in vivo MR imaging. Our current findings of progressive brain volume changes among schizophrenia patients in their mid-20’s to early 30’s suggest that BDNFMet variant may also influence brain plasticity in young adults. Since BDNFMet variant reduces activity-dependent BDNF release (20, 21) and diminished BDNF signaling in mature neurons results in decreased dendritic arborization and neuronal loss (18), the progressive gross brain volume changes observed in this study may represent ongoing neuroplastic effects of BDNF.
Although our study suggests that BDNF val66met genotype status may be one of the factors mediating progressive brain volume changes after illness onset in schizophrenia, potential confounders need to be considered. Both genotype groupings were comparable with regard to well-replicated predictors of poor outcome in schizophrenia (i.e. poor premorbid social adjustment, early age of illness onset, and male gender). Thus, the association between BDNFMet variant and progressive brain volumetric deficits in schizophrenia appears to be unrelated to such predictors of poor outcome.
Another potential confounding factor is antipsychotic treatment. Long-term exposure to antipsychotics in monkeys has been shown to reduce fresh brain weights and volumes by ~10%, irrespective of haloperidol or olanzapine treatment (31). It has been suggested that these antipsychotic induced brain volume reductions may be related to reduced glial cell production, and to decreased dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density (32). In this study, we found BDNF genotype and antipsychotic treatment each independently accounted for approximately 3% of the variance in frontal GM changes for the whole sample. Greater antipsychotic treatment correlated with greater frontal GM volume reduction. However, the nature of this association cannot be satisfactorily resolved in a naturalistic study such as this. More antipsychotic treatment may simply be an indicator for illness severity. That is, patients with more severe forms of schizophrenia may not only received higher doses of antipsychotics, but they may also exhibit greater progressive frontal GM volume reductions because of the more deteriorative nature of their illnesses. Therefore, it is not possible to make causal inferences in a definitive manner. However, when viewed in conjunction with reduced fresh brain weights and volumes in monkeys chronically treated with haloperidol or olanzapine (31, 32), our findings do suggest that antipsychotic treatment may contribute to progressive frontal GM volume reductions in schizophrenia.
The relative prominence of antipsychotic treatment effects among initially neuroleptic naïve patients further supports the view that antipsychotics may play a role in mediating progressive frontal GM loss. In patients who had been neuroleptic naïve at intake scan, antipsychotic treatment accounted for ~7% of the variance in frontal GM volume reductions. On the other hand, the effects of antipsychotic treatment on frontal GM volume reductions were comparatively smaller (~1%) in patients who were already receiving antipsychotic treatment by the time of the intake MR scan. Among these initially non-naïve patients, most of the frontal GM volume reductions related to antipsychotic treatment may have already occurred prior to the intake scan; such that any additional frontal GM reductions during the inter-scan interval were predominantly associated with BDNF Met-allele-carrier status. This differential predominance of BDNF genotype and antipsychotic treatment effects on the variance in frontal GM volume reductions between the two sub-groups of patients in this study clearly requires replication. Future controlled treatment studies of first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients are needed to further clarify the relative contributions of BDNF genotype and antipsychotic treatment on progressive brain volume changes.
What are the clinical implications of these findings? Does frontal GM volume reduction correlate with greater decline in cognition, and in particular, affecting Met-allele-carriers differently? In the joint omnibus test assessing brain volume-cognition overall relationship, we found frontal GM volume changes had significant effects on changes in cognition. Specifically, frontal GM volume reductions were associated with less improvement in Visuospatial Abilities regardless of BDNF genotype status. The brain volume-cognition relationships between BDNF genotypes for Verbal Memory are more complex to interpret. Frontal GM volume reductions non-significantly correlated with greater decline in Verbal Memory performance among Met-allele-carriers. As a group, Met-allele-carriers showed greater frontal GM volume reductions and had poorer Verbal Memory performance than Val homozygotes even though longitudinal changes in Verbal Memory scores were no different from cognitive changes seen in Val homozygotes. On the other hand, enlargements in frontal GM volumes were significantly associated with worsening Verbal Memory performance among Val homozygotes. Val homozygotes did not show significant longitudinal changes in frontal GM volumes or in Verbal Memory performance. The clinical significance of these divergent frontal GM-Verbal Memory relationships across BDNF genotype groupings remains unclear, and may have been more evident if we had similar frontal GM-Verbal Memory relationships from healthy volunteers to compare against. Therefore, future studies should seek to clarify the associations between brain volume and cognitive changes across BDNF genotype among healthy individuals without schizophrenia.
Even though our findings implicate antipsychotic treatment as a contributory factor for progressive frontal GM volume reductions in schizophrenia, and that frontal GM volume reductions correlate with greater cognitive decline, it is premature to suggest changing the current status of antipsychotics as the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia. There is a substantial body of literature supporting the efficacy of antipsychotics in ameliorating psychotic symptoms and in reducing the risk of symptom recurrence in schizophrenia (45). Recurrence of psychotic symptoms often causes severe disruptions to the lives of patients and family members, and can have devastating consequences. Minimizing the risk of psychotic relapses through maintenance antipsychotic treatment remains an important goal in the long term treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Although this class of drugs may be the best we currently have to offer patients, recent large scale clinical trials have reiterated the limitations of antipsychotics in the management of schizophrenia (46, 47). Besides targeting psychotic symptoms, major efforts are already underway to address the current lack of available treatments for cognitive deficits and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (48, 49). However, beyond antipsychotic, pro-cognition agents and treatments for negative symptoms, there is a further need for interventions that target the fundamental pathophysiological processes underlying schizophrenia, including therapies that limit progressive brain volume reductions. A major challenge in developing novel treatments against schizophrenia is our current limited understanding of the factors mediating progressive neural changes in schizophrenia. Nonetheless, if putative BDNF-deficient Met-allele-carriers show greater frontal GM volume reductions, pharmacological strategies that increase BDNF bioavailability (50) and enhance the neuroplastic effects of BDNF could potentially begin to address the current unmet need for interventions that curb ongoing brain volume reductions in schizophrenia.
In conclusion, schizophrenia is characterized by subtle, ongoing brain tissue volume reductions following illness onset. Factors and mechanisms underlying progressive brain volume reductions require continued investigation so as to develop treatments that may more radically address the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Our study suggests that BDNF, through its influence on neuroplasticity, contributes to progressive brain volume changes in schizophrenia.
This research was supported in part by NIMH Grants MH68380, MH31593, MH40856 and MH43271


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"Ram Air" in the GTO's made its first appearance on the 1965 GTO tri-power cars as a dealer or owner installed option. It was a tub that fitted over the three carbs, to which you then bolted down your air cleaners. The tub had a seal that fitted up to the hood, and the hood had a replacement trim piece that was open to provide cool outside air instead of closed off.
In late 1966, the factory produced a few Tri-Power, Ram Air, GTO equipped cars known as "XS" cars after their engine codes. A bigger cam (the 744), stiffer valve springs, close ratio 4-speed, 4.33 gearing, and metallic brakes.
In 1967, the Ram Air option was factory installed and more of a drag package as it was not very street friendly. It was balky on the lower end. This was really the first year where the Ram Air option became more specific to the engine type in that they had special cams, heads, and exhaust manifolds. It was a step above the 360 HP rated HO option, although it retained the same HP rating. You got a bigger cam, improved heads, the carb tub (now a Q-jet) with open hood scoop, manual or auto trans, and it came from the factory with 4.33 gearing only. It ran best between 3,000 - 6,000 RPM's. Production was 751 cars.
In 1968, engine options for the 360 HP were the HO and Ram Air. The "Ram Air I" designation is not a factory name, but one give to this engine by enthusiasts. To make them a bit more streetable, cams were now altered to match the transmission. The HO manual used the 068, automatic the 067. Ram Ar manual used the 744 (used in the '67's), automatic the 068. Again, better heads, exhaust manifolds, carb pan with open hood scoops. New was the 4-bolt main for the Ram Air. In April, the 366 HP Ram Air engine (called Ram Air II by Pontiac enthusiasts) was introduced having forged pistons (only mentioned in one source I have), heads using round port exhausts and the larger matching factory cast iron exhaust manifolds. It introduced the 041 cam for both manual & auto. (used later on the Ram Air IV engines). It too had 4-bolt mains. Gearing was 3.90 with 4.33's optional. Total made, Ram Air I - 808; Ram Air II - 246.
In 1969, the factory introduced its factory named Ram-Air III (366 HP) and Ram Air IV (370 HP) engines. Some of the early RA III's used the 744 cam, but this was changed to the 068 cam for the rest of production. The RA IV used the 041. RA IV used the round port exhaust heads along with an aluminum intake and separate heat cross over, and forged pistons. All had 4 bolt mains. The Ram Air III & IV were an option on the GTO with the RA III standard on the Judge & RA IV optional. Standard gearing by this time was 3.55 with other ratios being optional. Total RA III cars - 8,491; RA IV - 759.
The same engine offerings were available in 1970 along with the introduction of the 455 HO. Total RA III cars - 4,644; RA IV -804; 455 HO -4,206.
Ram Air V was not a production engine, but was offered over the counter by Pontiac.
This is a quick look at the factory installed Ram Air option which can be expanded more fully in detail, but this gives you an idea of what the option was about. It differs from year to year and is based on a specific engine along with the open air hood. The factory gear ratios change through the years so as to be more street friendly rather than race orientated.


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CTP students learn in a small classroom environment with a high teacher-to-children ratio (3:1) and can offer individualized support for each child. In addition to a regular preschool curriculum, we support each child’s emotional development, relational capacity, and social skills, such as playing cooperatively with others, expressing feelings and needs, and following classroom rules.
Our teachers are fully qualified preschool teachers who are also trained in how to support emotional development and build relational capacity. We work together with all the important people in the child’s life, such as primary caregivers, extended family, therapists and pediatricians.
Upon graduation from CTP, families are offered transition services, which follow the child through Kindergarten and first grade. Our Transition Specialist works with the child, parent and teacher to support their success in school. Nearly three out of four children graduating from CTP go on to mainstream classrooms.

domain: psychology


The Drone Propulsion Lab at the Danish Technological Institute is a testing facility for full scale static testing of smaller fixed-wing UAV systems (typically less than 25 kg MTOW). We can assist in first testing and validation of the UAV specifications, either as part of a procurement process or in a prototype development process. More specifically, we undertake the following assignments:
- Assessment of maximum thrust, energy usage, mechanical stability, weight balancing and software robustness.
- Test and optimization of energy all sub-systems to increase the overall energy efficiency of the propulsion system, and therefore also the endurance of the UAV.
- Assessment of the operational resilience of the UAV when exposed to water spay/precipitation, salt aerosols, extreme temperatures, airborne particulate matter as dust or sand.
- Highly accelerated or long-term stress testing, in terms climate, mechanical vibrations or electromagnetic interference (jamming).
Additionally, we conduct Safety assessment and personnel training in the handling and safety aspects of alternative fuels such as compressed hydrogen, handling of large arrays of batteries, and catastrophic failures in UAV battery systems.
If you are interested in the test facility, please contact senior specialist Kristian Sylvester-Hvid on +45 7220 2134 or through the contact form.


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Art is a conversation – want to talk? In partnership with Artcite Inc., our “In Conversation” series will dive into the works of artists featured in the 2021 Windsor-Essex Triennial of Contemporary Art, and the crucial conversations that these works spark for all of us.
Sharmistha Kar is an art practitioner from India and currently living and working in London, Ontario. She holds an MFA from Western University, focusing on hand-embroidery. Kar’s early education began in West Bengal, India and later continued in Hyderabad where she pursued higher education in Fine Arts at the University of Hyderabad in 2009. She then pursued her studio practice as an invited artist at Space Studio, Vadodara, Gujarat, India returning to Hyderabad in 2012 to join the International Institute of Information Technology as a lecturer. She was awarded the prestigious Charles Wallace India Trust Award to do a three months artist in residence program at Newcastle University, United Kingdom in 2013. After her return, she worked as a visiting faculty member at Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University in Hyderabad. She was awarded with the Gold Medal for First Rank as an MFA, University of Hyderabad in 2009; and Dean’s and Chair’s Entrance Scholarships at Western University, London, Ontario in 2016, as well as the Graduate Thesis Research Award in 2018. Kar’s journey with hand-embroidery started as a student in Calcutta, India, and she has used that knowledge as a medium in her art practice, from 2008 onward, along with drawing and painting. She has exhibited in India, UK, the USA, Finland and in Canada. Kar is one of the artists involved in GardenShip & State which will open at Museum London in September 2021.
Czarina Mendoza (b.1991) is an interdisciplinary artist whose material-based practice centers around her fascination with exportable goods, inherited cultural memory and the mediation of transnational ties. In particular, she often returns to her upbringing in central Alberta which deepened her explorations of the permeable sense of home contesting rurality and communal associations of intergenerational care. While her work is informed by fragments of childhood and her family’s immigration from the Philippines, the hybrid result negotiates time and space that reflect the mobility of labour, objects and capital within a post-colonial world.


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Join EEGS as we celebrate Earth Week
Students from several organizations across campus have organized a suite of activities for April 21 - April 27, 2024 to help us celebrate Planet Earth and learn about ways to leave a lighter footprint. Learn more by clicking the link below for information and links to events.
EEGS offers a variety of courses spanning the geosciences, environmental science, environmental studies, sustainability, and Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing. The department is committed to excellence in teaching and preparing students for professional careers in education, governmental service, the private sector, and graduate study through hands-on and service-learning experiences.

domain: geography


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An appendix contains supplementary material that is not an essential part of the text itself but which may be helpful in providing a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem or it is information that is too cumbersome to be included in the body of the paper.
Appendices are always supplementary to the research paper.
As such, your study must be able to stand alone without the appendices, and the paper must contain all information including tables, diagrams, and results necessary to understand the research problem.
As a rule all the parts which go before the Introduction don’t appear in the table of contents.
Since the thesis table of contents is the first section of your work it should expose a clear outline of the logical sequence of steps you followed to arrive at the conclusions of your thesis.
Even if you have only completed the research and first draft of your paper, it might be a convenient thing to avail of our writers’ skills and have them provide you a professional support with creating a table of contents and further research.
Our customer assistance team is very transparent when discussing the details of the transaction and of the paper.
In this part of the paper one may find the description and the implementation of the specific design methodology model and the corresponding materials, used to study the given case.
This section offers a detailed description how the research methods were used, and discusses the ethic context of utilizing the specific methodology.
This prevents your paper from having a large and unwieldy set of appendices and it supports a growing movement within academe to make data more freely available for re-analysis.
If you do create an online portal to your data, note it prominently in your paper with the correct URL and access procedures if it is a secured site.


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The quantitative determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide (HDO) containing compounds in treated wood using TD-GC-MS
P Jüngel, J Wittenzellner, E Melcher
Last year we presented the paper (IRG/WP/00-20201) "Determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide (HDO) containing compounds in treated wood using GC-MS". Based on the intensive discussion at the meeting, the first experiences made with the calibration of the system for this application will be reported. For the quantitative determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide in treated wood, milled material containing a known concentration of the active ingredient were placed in special liners which were sealed with magnetic caps. The liners were then stored in a sample rack. Depending on the analytical program a certain liner was transported automatically into the thermal desorption unit. Afterwards the sample was quickly heated to 200°C. Only a part of the resulting gas mixture was pushed onto the column where the separation of the components took place. The component of interest could be identified by means of the retention time and the mass spectrum. The calibration of the system and the quantification are based on 5 different values (TIC, peak height/area with and without background subtraction, peak height/area of a selected mass fragment with and without background subtraction) received from the spectrum. For the quantification it is necessary to analyse at least 5 samples of identical concentration.

domain: chemistry


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Men or women who feel the need to cheat or string along others has a lack of self-esteem. The attention they are getting from someone else only builds their ego. A person should be confident enough in themselves not to need the attention of others to feel good about appearance or their ability to be physically attractive to others. You are sexting as a prelude to a sexual relationship with that individual. By saying, I'm never going to meet with this person is a line of bull, because you know the first time the conversation gets all hot and bothered you will be running off to have sex with them. If you are willing to cross the line of sexting, you will be willing to cross the line of having a sexual relationship with that person too. You don't have to be having sex with them now to be cheating if you are sexting. Eventually, things will lead to a sexual relationship with the other person. It's considered cheating because you are talking sex with another individual while you are vowing to be honest and faithful to your partner.
You have to look at it this way... if you are texting someone and hiding it from your partner, then you know deep down what you are doing is wrong and your partner WILL react negatively towards you and most likely dump your ass when they find out. Saying you don't care if they were doing it is an excuse to validate your own behavior. When you know deep down, your heart would drop to your stomach if you happen to find out your partner was sexting with someone.
So do yourself and your partner a favor, save them the heartache of your betrayal and be faithful. You really have to ask yourself the question "Is this person worth losing the one I love?" Apparently not if you are not willing to leave your partner for them and have a relationship with the person you are sexting.