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The USA Today Tennessee Network reports that the school successfully lobbied state lawmakers to pass a law to make details about these types of investments secret from the public.
The new law says UT still had to disclose some basic information, but the school doesn't have to reveal how much money it is paying in fund management fees or disclose the names of the companies where the funds are invested.
One academic who studies endowments called it unacceptable, considering that taxpayer funds and donor money is paying fees of fund managers.
University officials argued that fund managers won't work with institutions if the information is public.
Copyright 2018 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
One thing for certain: everything changes. In Rome I thought it might be a fun project to photograph the windows of the Dolce & Gabbana shop in the Spanish Steps every day. I neglected to photograph a dress I particularly liked (it had the same petit-point roses as a cushion my mother made), and a week later it was gone from the window: the window dressing had changed. And no, it never occurred to me to enter the shop to look for it. I cannot even, as the kids say.
So yesterday after I had another post-apocalyptic breakfast in my favourite cafe and--luxury beyond belief--kept my 15 minute appointment at Central Library, I began to take a few photographs. I was due home to begin writing the Worst News of the Day, but I thought Benedict Ambrose would enjoy a pain au chocolat from La Balantine in The Bow. The Bow is truly one of the splendid sights of the Old Town, even (or especially) when it is all but empty at 9:30 AM.

domain: artistic


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On Monday, Justin Bieber canceled the 14 remaining tour dates on his Purpose world tour in North America and Asia. Soon after, several speculations on the reason for the cancellation surfaced. One of which is that Bieber is allegedly planning to start his own church.
Channel Nine entertainment expert Richard Wilkins claimed that the real reason why Bieber abandoned his tour was that he wanted to “reconnect with his faith” and possibly to start his own church. Appearing on Today Extra (via Mail Online) on Tuesday, Wilkins said, “I am led to believe that the real reason he has come off the road is that he wants to reconnect with his faith and he may be even planning to start his own church.”
Justin Bieber was in Australia earlier this month to attend the annual Hillsong Church conference in Sydney. Wilkins said he spoke to sources close to Bieber at the conference. “[He’s] very close to a lot of the Hillsong people. Whether he’s looking at teaming up with them in something of a more permanent situation or doing some sort of religious activity on his own – starting his own church – we’re not quite sure, but that’s the word from an inside source,” he said.
Justin Bieber Apologized for Canceling Purpose Tour
On Bieber’s official website, his camp announced that he will no longer continue with the Purpose tour. The statement reads: “Due to unforeseen circumstances, Justin Bieber will cancel the remainder of the Purpose World Tour concerts. Justin loves his fans and hates to disappoint them. He thanks his fans for the incredible experience of the Purpose World Tour over last 18 months.
“He is grateful and honored to have shared that experience with his cast and crew for over 150 successful shows across 6 continents during this run. However, after careful consideration, he has decided he will not be performing any further dates.”
His manager, Scooter Braun, also sent his regrets for the sudden cancellation of the singer’s tour. He said the Sorry hitmaker needs some rest after being on the road for two years and his “soul and well being” are their top priority. In an Instagram post, Braun said, “On behalf of myself, Justin, and the team, we are sorry. That was never our intent. But a man’s soul and well being I truly care about came first and we must all respect and honor that.”
In a video shared by TMZ, the 2U singer sent his apology to his fans for abandoning his upcoming shows. “I love you guys, I think you guys are awesome. Sorry for anyone who feels disappointed or betrayed, it’s not in my heart [or] anything, and have a blessed day,” he said in the video. The 23-year-old singer has been on the road since March 2016.
Other Speculations of Justin Bieber’s Tour Cancellation
There were also rumors that the Love Yourself singer pulled the plug on the last leg of his Purpose tour after he got banned from performing in China. The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture barred the singer due to his reckless behavior while in China and elsewhere.
It can be recalled that in 2013, Bieber made headlines when some photos emerged online showing the singer being carried up the Great Wall of China by his bodyguards. A year later, he caused a minor diplomatic row when he posted photos of himself visiting the controversial Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo.
This is not the first time Bieber was barred from performing in a country. The Argentina government previously banned Bieber for allegedly disrespecting the flag of the country twice. Though Bieber’s tour cancellation sparked disappointment among his fans, it also brought support from his fellow celebrities.
Singer John Mayer gave Justin Bieber credit for making his mental health a priority. “When someone pulls remaining dates of a tour, it means they would have done real damage to themselves if they kept going. We’ve lost so many great artists lately. I give Justin (two thumbs up) for realizing it was time to call it,” Mayer wrote on Twitter.

domain: celebrity


Rainiers fall short against RedHawks
Sun | Sports
OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) Jason Jones' RBI in the first inning gave Oklahoma an early lead and the RedHawks went on to defeat Tacoma 6-4 in Pacific Coast League play Thursday.
Jones' single batted in Chad Allen for the run. Allen scored again in the third inning on a sacrifice fly by Adrian Gonzalez.
The RedHawks added two more runs in the sixth to take a 4-0 lead before the Rainiers rallied.
Tacoma's Pat Borders hit a solo home run in the seventh. Greg Dobbs followed that with a double and then scored on an RBI single by Greg Jacobs.
The RedHawks added two more runs in the eighth and then held off the Rainiers, who scored one run in both the eighth and ninth innings.


Guitar Magazine June 1976 Chris Spedding Carlos Santana Leo Brouwer Julian Bream
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Guitar Magazine June 1976 Chris Spedding Carlos Santana Leo Brouwer Julian BreamGuitar Magazine Jun 1976 features articles and interviews with Chris Spedding, Carlos Santana, Leo Brouwer and Julian Bream etc. Ex condition.
Guitar Magazine. The magazine for all guitarists... was launched in 1973 and continued until 1983. It regularly featured interviews with rock, jazz, blues, folk, flamenco and classical musicians, guitar workshops, music history, music technique, chord progressions, guitar makers info, book reviews, record reviews, concert reviews, lessons and tips etc. The editor was George Clinton and it was published monthly by Musical New services in Dorset England. No torn pages.
|Brand||Does not apply|


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this is the shit..... its really funny, i pissed my pants.
where are the rest of the basterds
must kill them all, and then kill nickelodian
newgrounds.com — Your #1 online entertainment & artist community! All your base are belong to us.


text:
How To Make Box Cake More Dense
How To Make Box Cake More Dense is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at December 16, 2018 upload by admin in .You can download it in your computer by clicking resolution image in Download by size:. Don't forget to rate and comment if you interest with this wallpaper.
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domain: hobby


text:
Cafe Heel Cafe Heel Canvas upper with manmade sole. Made in China. Sling-back styling. Pointed toe. Cylinder heel. Buckle detail at vamp. Approx 70mm/ 2.75 inch heel. SOSR-WZ108. SOSSH106 H23. The Song of Style girl is understated yet elevated. She's not consumed by trends, but instead focuses on timeless pieces. She is energetic, artsy, bold, and colorful... just like founder Aimee Song. An influential fashion and lifestyle blogger, Aimee's passion for art, photography, and architecture inspire the SOS collection's signature looks: puffy-sleeved dresses, retro tailoring, and offbeat color combinations and textures. It infuses even the simplest basics with playful details and hints of glamour. In essence, Song of Style encourages individuality and all the fun ways to express it.
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Hyderabad: Telangana chief minister KCR held a review meeting with the authorities over the new municipal act here at Pragati Bhavan. The government aim is to eradicate corruption and render services to the people through the new act, KCR asserted. The new act which is learned to be tougher than the present one will be designed to ensure better services to the people. The government is planning to bring the new act into effect before the municipal elections. The state will hold the municipal elections after the ZPTC and MPTC elections in the state.
Copyright © 2019 suryaa.com


text:
The Green Green Grass Is Crap because -
First: it asks us to buy into the "Only Fools And Horses" myth. So we have Boycie and Marlene escaping from Peckham and living in the countryside. Fair enough thought I.
BUT - it then asks us to "Buy out-of" the "Fools And Horses" myth by giving the couple a son, and we all know that Boycie was a Jaffa. (Seedless).
Therefore, to work, it has to be either one or the other. It can not do both at the same time.
"Listen to them. Children of the night. What music they make."

domain: literature


Rider's Mawson Honored by MAAC
LAWRENCEVILLE-- Zach Mawson of the Rider University baseball team was named the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference Rookie of the Week for all games played the final week of April.
"This is great that the MAAC acknowledged the week Zach had," said Rider head coach Barry Davis. "We haven't had many of these conference awards this season."
A freshman from Magnolia, DE (Caesar Rodney), Mawson appeared in three games last week as a relief pitcher, compiling a win and two saves. He also started a game in right field and compiled a hit, a run scored and a run batted in.
"He was very important to our 4-1 week," Davis said.
In seven innings on the mound last week, Mawson allowed just one run on three hits while striking out two. "He's come on and developed into a solid closer," Davis said.
He earned the save in Rider's 7-5 win at Saint Joseph's, he earned the save the next day in Rider's 10-9 win over Princeton and he earned the win on Saturday in Rider's extra inning MAAC win over Saint Peter's.
Prior to the Princeton game Rider's right fielder was injured in batting practice and Mawson had to make an emergency start in the outfield. "He's quite an athlete who came here as a pitcher/outfielder," Davis said. "When the year started it appeared he would be able to help us the most on the mound."
He played the first seven and two thirds innings in right, and came on to pitch the final four outs without allowing a base runner.
Rider hosts Lafayette Wednesday and returns to MAAC action this weekend, hosting Siena for a three-game series Saturday and Sunday.


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Different Maps Show The Same Thing: The Enormity Of The Amazon Rainforest Fires
The Amazon rainforest, also known as the ‘lungs of the earth,’ is on fire for over two weeks now and the world is in big, big trouble.
Brazil’s space research center INPE detected almost 72,843 wildfires raging in the Amazon rainforest this year alone; this number has increased drastically from last year.
These wildfire blazes have grown so intense that they blackened the sky above São Paulo which led Amazonas to declare a state of emergency.
But nobody was concerned except the people. Meanwhile, Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro has said that the country lacks the resources to fight the fires raging in the Amazon.
This came just a week after the leader said that the government doesn’t need foreign aid to protect the rainforest, as reported by Washington Post.
Now, NASA and other atmosphere monitoring agencies have published different satellite imagery and graphics of the fires impacting Brazil's Amazon region. And what do you think they show? The same thing: the world is burning and the longer we wait, the bigger this problem becomes!
NASA's AIRS instrument maps carbon monoxide (CO) from fires burning in Brazil's Amazon region.— NASA Earth (@NASAEarth) August 23, 2019
This time series ⬇ shows CO high in the atmosphere over Brazil from Aug. 8-22, 2019. Each "day" in the series is made by averaging three day's-worth of data: https://t.co/binaSKsGcm pic.twitter.com/tcg2W311Pm
We need to take corrective measures soon otherwise we're all doomed.
According To This Study, Those Who Fake-Smile At Work Often Tend To Drink More
Nutella Nightmare! Truck Carrying 20,000kg Of The Famous Cocoa Spread Flips On US Highway
9-YO Girl Refills Empty Lip Balm Tube With Cheese To Eat In Class & If That Isn't The Perfect Jugaad Then What Is?
Watch: As Heavy Rains Lash Andhra Pradesh, Mahanadi Temple Flooded With Water 3ft Deep
- WTFHijab-Clad Woman Launches Vile Racist Attack On Indian Man Travelling In Bus In London678 SHARES
Like A Boss! Cute Gorilla Practices Rugby Ahead Of Rugby World Cup
Brace The Deck Because It's Time To Put Your Poker Skills To Test!
Hard Luck For V.Unbeatable, Secures 4th Place Out Of 10 Finalists In America's Got Talent
- WTFGovernment Banned E-Cigarettes, But What About Cigarettes & Beedis, Asks Twitter3.8K SHARES
- Social RelevanceMandir Ban Gaya: Villagers In Bihar Install PM Modi's Statue In A Temple As He Is Their 'God'2.6K SHARES
- WTFClose Call: Man Caught On Camera Trying To Kidnap 4-YO Girl, Fails As A Family Member Wakes Up Just In Time442 SHARES
- PartnerThinkistan Season 2: India’s Ad Men Return With Corporate Rivalry, Promotions, Affairs & More229 SHARES
All 25 Members Of Madhya Pradesh Family Has More Than 10 Fingers & Toes
- WTF14-Year-Old Girl Allegedly Excluded From School For 'Being Too Hot'2.7K SHARES
- Human InterestA Durga Puja Pandal In WB Will Be Themed On Balakot Air Strikes, Have Wg Cdr Abhinandan's Model501 SHARES

domain: geography


text:
|Publication number||US5246587 A|
|Application number||US 07/887,113|
|Publication date||Sep 21, 1993|
|Filing date||May 19, 1992|
|Priority date||Dec 23, 1991|
|Publication number||07887113, 887113, US 5246587 A, US 5246587A, US-A-5246587, US5246587 A, US5246587A|
|Inventors||John E. Tomaschke|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (37), Classifications (9), Legal Events (7)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/812,323, filed Dec. 23, 1991, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membranes useful for the separation of fluid mixtures and solutions. In particular, the present invention is directed to water permeable membranes which are useful for desalination of an aqueous solution. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing the membranes.
It is known that dissolved substances can be separated from their solvents by the use of selective membranes. For example, of great practical interest is the removal of salt from water by reverse osmosis. The efficiency and economy of such removal is of tremendous economic significance in order to provide potable water from brackish or sea water for household or agricultural use. A critical factor in desalination is the performance of the membrane in terms of salt rejection, i.e., the reduction in salt concentration across the membrane, and flux, i.e., the flow rate across the membrane. For practical applications, the flux should be on the order of greater than about 10 gallons/ft2 -day (gfd) at a pressure of about 55 atmospheres for sea water and about 15 gfd at a pressure of about 15 atmospheres for brackish water. More preferably, commercial applications now require fluxes greater than about 25 gfd (about 1.0 m3 /m2 -day) at a pressure of about 15 atmospheres for brackish water. Moreover, salt rejections greater than 99% are required. The continuing goal of research and development in this area is to develop membranes having increased flux and/or salt rejection which are useful in desalination.
Among the known membranes used in desalination are included a large number of various types of polyamides which are prepared by a variety of methods. Of particular interest within this broad group of polyamide membranes are crosslinked aromatic polyamide membranes. The crosslinked aromatic polyamide membranes include, for example, those disclosed in the following U.S. patents.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,904,519, issued to McKinney et al., discloses reverse osmosis membranes of improved flux prepared by crosslinking aromatic polyamide membranes using crosslinking agents and/or irradiation. The polyamides are prepared, for example, by the interfacial polymerization of amine groups and carboxyl groups followed by crosslinking.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,996,318, issued to van Heuven, teaches the production of aromatic polyamide membranes, wherein crosslinking is achieved using a reactant having a functionality of three or greater.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,277,344, issued to Cadotte, describes a reverse osmosis membrane which is the interfacial reaction product of an aromatic polyamine having at least two primary amine substituents with an aromatic acyl halide having at least three acyl halide substituents. The preferred membrane is made of a poly(phenylenediamine trimesamide) film on a porous polysulfone support.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,708, issued to Bray, discloses a similar membrane in which a major portion of the trifunctional aromatic acyl halide is replaced by the difunctional aromatic acyl halide, i.e., isophthaloylchloride.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,529,646, issued to Sundet, shows a membrane similar to U.S. Pat. No. 4,277,344 in which all or a portion of the trifunctional aromatic acyl halide is replaced by cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride. Similar membranes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,520,044; 4,544,484; 4,626,468; 4,643,829; and 4,783,346, each issued to Sundet.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,234, issued to Uemura et al., shows a membrane similar to U.S. Pat. No. 4,277,344 in which aromatic tri- or higher aromatic amines are employed
U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,254, issued to Zupanic et al., discloses a reverse osmosis composite membrane formed by the interfacial polymerization of a triaryl triamine with an aromatic carboxylic acid chloride.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,767, issued to Kamiyama et al., describes membranes prepared by crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol and secondary di- or higher amines with polyfunctional crosslinking agents. Both aromatic and aliphatic amine components are disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,749,488, issued to Arthur et al., discloses membranes of polyphenylene tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxamide which may also include isophthalamide or terephthalamide units.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,872,984 and 4,948,507, issued to the same inventor as the present application, describe the interfacial synthesis of reverse osmosis membranes from an essentially monomeric polyamine having at least two amine functional groups and an essentially monomeric polyfunctional acyl halide having at least about 2.2 acyl halide groups per reactant molecule, in the presence of a monomeric amine salt. Both aromatic and aliphatic polyamines and polyfunctional acyl halides are disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,264, issued to Arthur, discloses a membrane which comprises a polyamideurea separating layer in contact with a polysulfone substrate. The polyamideurea includes some amide linkages which are formed from an amine-reactive component having at least one acyl halide group.
Interesting reviews and comparisons of various composite reverse osmosis membranes are included in J. E. Cadotte, "Evolution of Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes," Materials Science of Synthetic Membranes Chapter 12, pp. 273-294, American Chemical Society Symposium Series (1985) and S. D. Arthur, "Structure-Property Relationship in a Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane," Journal of Membrane Science, 46:243-260, Elsevier (1989).
While some of the above-referenced membranes are commercially useable, the goal of the industry continues to be to develop membranes that have better flux and salt rejection characteristics in order to reduce costs and increase efficiency of operation.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membrane which has high salt rejection and excellent flux.
This and other objects of the present invention, which will be apparent from the detailed description of the present invention provided hereinafter, have been met by a water permeable membrane prepared by interfacially polymerizing on a microporous support (1) an essentially monomeric polyamine reactant having at least two amine functional groups, and (2) an essentially monomeric, at least trifunctional cyclic chloroformate amine-reactive reactant, wherein at least one of the functional groups is a chloroformyl group and the remaining functional groups of the amine-reactive reactant, if any, are acyl halides.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above interfacial polymerization is carried out in the presence of a monomeric amine salt by either (a) a solution containing both a monomeric amine salt and a polyamine being coated on a microporous support prior to coating with a solution of a cyclic chloroformate, or (b) a monomeric amine salt solution being coated on a microporous support prior to coating with a polyamine solution and a cyclic chloroformate solution.
In another preferred embodiment, up to about 92 weight percent of the cyclic chloroformate reactant is replaced by at least one essentially monomeric, aromatic polyfunctional acyl halide having a functionality of at least two, such as isophthaloylchloride, trimesoyl chloride, and/or terephthaloyl chloride; and/or by at least one polyfunctional single ring cycloaliphatic acyl halide, such as 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid halide, 1,2,3-cyclobutane tricarboxylic acid halide, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid halide, 1,2,4-cyclopentane tricarboxylic acid halide, or cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride.
The resulting polymerizations yield ultrathin membranes on the microporous support. These membranes have excellent salt rejection and flux and are suitable for desalination applications.
The membranes of the present invention contain urethane linkages and may also contain amide linkages. The membranes may be formed by various methods of interfacial polymerization, a number of which are known in the art. Presently preferred are the methods described in my prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,872,984 and 4,948,507, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. While the present invention will now be described herein with reference to the preferred method in which the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a monomeric amine salt, it will be understood that the following methods could be carried out without the presence of the monomeric amine salt, which is used in the methods of my prior above-mentioned patents.
In one embodiment, the objects of the present invention have been met by a water permeable membrane produced by the process comprising the steps of:
(a) coating a microporous support with an aqueous solution comprising (i) an essentially monomeric polyamine reactant having at least two amine functional groups and (ii) a monomeric amine salt, to form a liquid layer on said microporous support; organic solvent solution of an essentially monomeric amine-reactive reactant comprising an at least trifunctional cyclic chloroformate, or mixture thereof, wherein at least one of the functional groups is a chloroformyl group and the remaining functional groups of the amine-reactive reactant, if any, are acyl halides; and
(c) drying the product of step (b) so as to form said water permeable membrane.
In a second embodiment, the water permeable membrane is produced by the process comprising the steps of:
(a) coating a microporous support with a first aqueous solution comprising a monomeric amine salt to form a monomeric amine salt layer on said microporous support;
(b) coating said monomeric amine salt layer with a second aqueous solution comprising an essentially monomeric polyamine reactant having at least two amine functional groups to form a liquid layer on said monomeric amine salt layer;
(c) coating said liquid layer with an organic solvent solution of an essentially monomeric amine-reactive reactant, comprising an at least trifunctional cyclic chloroformate, or mixture thereof, wherein at least one of the functional groups is a chloroformyl group and the remaining functional groups of the amine-reactive reactant, if any, are acyl halides; and
(d) drying the product of step (c) so as to form said water permeable membrane.
The particular microporous support employed in the present invention is not critical thereto. Examples of such microporous supports useful in the present invention include those made of a polyarylether sulfone, such as a polysulfone and a polyether sulfone; a polyimide; or a polyvinylidene fluoride. The microporous support is preferably made of a polyarylether sulfone. The thickness of the microporous support is not critical to the present invention. Generally, the thickness of the microporous support is about 25 to 125 um, preferably about 40 to 75 um.
The essentially monomeric polyamine reactant employed in the present invention has at least two amine functional groups, preferably 2 to 3 amine functional groups, per molecule. The amine functional group is a primary or secondary amine functional group, preferably a primary amine functional group. The polyamine reactant may be aromatic or cycloaliphatic.
The particular polyamine reactant employed in the present invention is not critical thereto. Examples of such polyamine reactants include aromatic primary diamines, such as m-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine and substituted derivatives thereof, wherein the substitutent includes, e.g., an alkyl group, such as a methyl group or an ethyl group; an alkoxy group, such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group; a hydroxy alkyl group; a hydroxy group or a halogen atom; aromatic primary triamines, such as 1,2,4-triaminobenzene; aromatic secondary diamines, such as N,N'-diphenylethylene diamine; cycloaliphatic primary diamines, such as cyclohexane diamine; cycloaliphatic secondary diamines, such as piperazine and trimethylene dipiperidine; and xylylene diamines, such as m-xylylene diamine. The preferred aromatic polyamine reactants employed in the present invention are aromatic primary diamines, more preferably m-phenylenediamine (MPD).
The amine-reactive reactant used in the present invention is an essentially monomeric, at least trifunctional cyclic chloroformate, or a mixture of such chloroformates, wherein at least one of the functional groups is a chloroformyl group and the remaining functional groups of the amine-reactive reactant, if any, are acyl halides. The nucleus of the cyclic chloroformate is selected from the group consisting of aromatic, heterocyclic and cycloaliphatic nuclei and mixtures thereof. The cyclic chloroformate can have a single or multi-ring nucleus. Preferably, the nucleus is a four, five or six-membered single ring. Examples of such amine-reactive reactants include the aromatics 5-chloroformyl isophthaloylchloride (5CFIPC), 4-chloroformyl isophthaloylchloride, 3,5-dichloroformyl benzoylchloride and 1,3,5-phenyltrichloroformate (PTCF), cyclobutane, cyclopentane or cyclohexane chloroformates, and the heterocyclic triazine chloroformates. A preferred aromatic chloroformate for use in the present invention is 5CFIPC.
A method of preparation of 5CFIPC, as described more fully below in Preparation Example A, comprises a first step of reacting phosgene with 5-hydroxy isophthalic acid and N,N-dimethylacetamide and a second step of reacting the product of step 1 with N,N-dimethylaniline in an organic solvent, followed by filtering and solvent extraction.
A method of preparation of PTCF, as described more fully below in Preparation Example B, comprises reacting phosgene with phloroglucinol at basic pH followed by filtering and solvent extraction.
In addition to the at least trifunctional cyclic chloroformate reactant described above, the amine-reactive reactant may also include in admixture with the chloroformate an essentially monomeric polyfunctional aromatic acyl halide having at least about two acyl halide groups per reactive molecule and/or a polyfunctional single ring cycloaliphatic acyl halide. That is, up to about 92 weight percent, and preferably about 0 to 70 weight percent, of the chloroformate may be substituted with one or more aromatic acyl halides and/or cycloaliphatic acyl halides in order to increase flux and possibly other desired properties.
Examples of such aromatic acyl halides include isophthaloyl halide, trimesoyl halide, terephthaloyl halide, and mixtures thereof. The preferred aromatic acid halides employed in the present invention with the trifunctional cyclic chloroformate are isophthaloylchloride (IPC), trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and/or terephthaloyl chloride (TPC).
Examples of such cycloaliphatic acyl halides include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid halide, 1,2,3-cyclobutane tricarboxylic acid halide, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid halide, 1,2,4-cyclopentane tricarboxylic acid halide, cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbonyl halide and mixtures thereof. The preferred cycloaliphatic acyl halides employed in the present invention with the trifunctional cyclic chloroformate are 1,2,3,4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid chloride (CPTC), 1,2,4-cyclopentane tricarboxylic acid chloride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid chloride (CBTC), and cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride.
Methods of making polyfunctional single ring cycloaliphatic acyl halides are known in the art, for example from New Experimental Chemistry Lectures, Vol. 14, pp. 1106-1108, edited by the Japan Chemistry Association. Methods of preparation of CPTC and CBTC comprise reacting a cycloaliphatic polycarboxylic acid with phosphorous pentahalide in an organic solvent with heat, stirring and reflux, followed by filtering and solvent extraction as disclosed in my copending U.S. application Ser. No. 07/744,194.
The monomeric amine salt employed in the present invention may be a salt of a monomeric amine and an acid, and is preferably a salt of a tertiary amine and a strong acid. As used herein, a strong acid is an acid which reacts essentially completely with water to give a hydronium ion. Examples of such strong acids include an aromatic sulfonic acid; an aliphatic sulfonic acid; a cycloaliphatic sulfonic acid, such as camphorsulfonic acid; trifluoroacetic acid; nitric acid; hydrochloric acid; and sulfuric acid.
The particular monomeric amine salt employed in the present invention is not critical thereto and may be any aliphatic, alkoxy, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or alkanol monomeric amine salt. Preferred monomeric amine salts employed in the invention are represented by formulas (I) and (II) below: ##STR1## wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrocarbon; X represents a member selected from the group consisting of a halide, a nitrate, a sulfate, a phosphate, a sulfonate, a carboxylate, a halogenated carboxylate and an oxygenated haloacid derivative; and HX represents a strong acid which forms a water soluble salt with ##STR2##
In formula (I), the hydrocarbons represented by R1, R2 and R3 preferably have a total number of carbon atoms of 3 to 9, more preferably, 3 to 6. In formula (II), the hydrocarbons represented by R1, R2, R3 and R4, preferably have a total number of carbon atoms of 4 to 16, more preferably, 4 to 13. The hydrocarbon may be, e.g., a straight or branched chain, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkanol group or benzyl group. Further, in formula (I), two or more of R1, R2 and R3 may combine together to form a ring.
More preferably, the monomeric amine salt employed in the present invention is a water soluble salt of a strong acid and a tertiary amine selected from the group consisting of a trialkylamine, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine; an N-alkylcycloaliphatic amine, such as 1-methylpiperidine; an N,N-dialkylamine, such as N,N-dimethylethylamine and N,N-diethylmethylamine; an N,N-dialkyl ethanolamine, such as N,N-dimethylethanolamine; a bicyclic tertiary amine, such as 3-quinuclidinol and mixtures thereof, or a quaternary amine selected from at least one member of the group consisting of a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, such as, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide; a benzyltrialkylammonium hydroxide, such as benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, benzyltriethylammonium hydroxide, and benzyltripropylammonium hydroxide; and mixtures thereof. A particularly preferred monomeric amine salt is the amine salt of triethylamine and camphorsulfonic acid (TEACSA).
The monomeric amine salt is employed either as a solid, which is water soluble, or as an aqueous solution having dissolved therein the monomeric amine salt. The monomeric amine salt is preferably employed as an aqueous solution thereof. The monomeric amine used to prepare the monomeric amine salt preferably has a pKa of more than about 8, more preferably about 8 to 13, most preferably about 9 to 13.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the microporous support is coated with a first aqueous solution containing generally about 0.25 to 10.0 wt % of a monomeric amine salt, preferably about 1.0 to 8.0 wt % of a monomeric amine salt. The first aqueous solution is preferably adjusted to a pH of about 5.5 to 13, more preferably about 6 to 12, by controlling the concentration of the acid or the monomeric amine. In this case, the second aqueous solution containing the polyamine reactant generally has a pH of about 5 to 12, preferably about 6 to 12. Further, in this case, where the monomeric amine salt and the polyamine reactant are separately coated on the microporous support, the coating amount is generally adjusted so that the molar ratio of the monomeric amine salt to the polyamine reactant is about 0.1 to 4.0, preferably about 0.3 to 1.4.
In order to save a step in the process of the present invention, the above aqueous solution of the monomeric amine salt can also contain the polyamine reactant. In this case the aqueous solution is generally adjusted to a pH of about 5.5 to 13, preferably about 6 to 12. Further, in this case, the molar ratio of the monomeric amine salt to the polyamine reactant is also generally adjusted to about 0.1 to 4.0, preferably about 0.3 to 1.4.
The choice of pH depends on the base strength of the particular reactive polyamine employed. In general, the above-described lower range pH value of the reactive polyamine solution should be about the same as the pKa of the particular polyamine employed and the higher range pH value should be about the same as the particular unadjusted free base aqueous pH. In the case of aromatic polyamines, the pKa is in the range of about 4 to 7, whereas with cycloaliphatic polyamines, the pKa is in the range of about 8 to 11.
The above aqueous solutions are coated by any well known means, such as dipping, spraying, roller coating, rod coating or cloth sheet coating and allowed to remain in place generally for about 5 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably about 20 seconds to 4 minutes.
If desired, the aqueous solutions may contain a surfactant for more improved results. The particular surfactant employed in the present invention is not critical thereto. Examples of such surfactants include sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate or mixtures thereof. The surfactants are generally employed at a concentration of about 0.01 to 0.5 wt %, preferably about 0.1 to 0 25 wt %.
After forming a liquid layer containing the monomeric amine salt and the polyamine reactant, a second layer of an organic solvent solution containing the essentially monomeric amine-reactive reactant(s) is coated thereon. Generally, the organic solvent solution contains about 0.05 to 5.0 wt/vol %, preferably about 0.07 to 0.7 wt/vol % of the amine-reactive reactant(s). It is preferable to employ an about 5 to 200, preferably an about 20 to 150, molar excess of the polyamine reactant to the amine-reactive reactant(s).
The organic solvent employed in the present invention is one which is non-miscible with water. The particular organic solvent employed in the present invention is not critical thereto. Examples of such organic solvents include alkanes, such as hexane and nonane; cycloalkanes, such as cyclohexane; and halogenated derivatives thereof, such as FREONŽ (E.I. duPont de Nemours), including 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane; and mixtures thereof. The preferred organic solvents employed in the present invention are alkanes having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
The organic solvent containing the amine-reactive reactant is coated by any well known means, such as dipping or spraying, and allowed to remain in place generally for about 3 seconds to 20 minutes, preferably about 5 seconds to 30 seconds.
After each step of coating the aqueous and organic solvent solutions, the excess solutions are removed. Then, after the last coating and draining step, the resulting product is dried to form a water permeable membrane. The resulting product is generally dried in an oven at about room temperature to 130° C., preferably about 70° to 125° C. for about 1 to 10 minutes, preferably about 2 to 8 minutes. In this manner, a polyamide layer is formed on the microporous support. The thickness of the resulting polyamide layer is generally about 0.05 to 1.0 um, preferably about 0.15 to 0.5 um.
The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated below, all percentages (%) of ingredients are percent by weight (i.e., wt/wt %).
5-chloroformyl isophthaloyl chloride (5CFIPC) was prepared by adding a solution of 32.4 g (0.178 mole) of 5-hydroxy isophthalic acid and 31 g (0.356 mole) N,N-dimethyl acetamide in 300 ml tetrahydrofuran (THF) over 15 minutes from an addition funnel to a stirring solution of 580 g (1.17 moles) of 20% phosgene in toluene in a 2-liter round bottom flask which had been kept at -15° C. and fitted with HCl gas trap. The addition was carried out over 15 minutes.
After HCl outgassing had subsided, 67.8 g (0.559 mole) of N,N-dimethyl aniline were added. Subsequently, 200 ml THF was added to help solution stirring and the solution was allowed to cool to -10° C. Stirring was continued at -10° C. for 20 minutes and after gas bubbling had ceased, the chill bath was removed and stirring continued for 2.5 hours. The reaction flask was warmed to approximately 30° C. and maintained at that point for 45 minutes. The temperature was then maintained at approximately 25° C. for an additional 30 minutes. HCl gas was bubbled into the reaction solution for 15 minutes to precipitate any free base N,N-dimethylaniline; an ice bath was added to lower the temperature to 20° C. Stirring was then stopped.
The reaction solution had two phases; the top was a clear amber-color liquid, the bottom a whitish solid. This mixture was vacuum filtered to remove any solids and the resulting filtrate was rotary evaporated. When the volume was reduced to approximately 600 ml, the reaction product was extracted with 3×300 ml heptane. The heptane extracts were filtered to remove the precipitate which formed and the filtrate was rotary evaporated under high vacuum at 25° C. to a slightly-yellow crystalline mass of 13.6 g. Soluble compound was extracted in 200 ml heptane; this extraction was repeated twice. The extracts were combined and suction filtered yielding a colorless solution of 7.3 g of 5CFIPC. This solution was further diluted with heptane to provide stock solutions.
1,3,5-phenyl trichloroformate (PTCF) was prepared by adding a solution containing 250 g of 12.5% phosgene in benzene at -10° C. to a solution of 12 g of phloroglucinol and 11.8 g sodium hydroxide in 300 ml water in a 1-liter round bottom flask fitted with a HCl trap. The addition time was 1 hour. The cloudy-white reaction solution was allowed to warm gradually to 30° C. over the next 6.5 hours.
The two-phase solution was separated into aqueous and organic fractions and the aqueous fraction washed with 2×150 ml portions of toluene. The organic fractions were combined, dried over 20-40 mesh CaSO4 and coarse filtered. This clear, colorless solution was evaporated under a vacuum of 0.5 mm Hg at 25° C. yielding 2.9 g of the crude product. This product was extracted with 3×200 ml heptane. The final yield was 2.4 g PTCF product in solution.
Eight different membranes (Examples 1-8) were prepared according to the present invention using the so-called "machine" method using 5-chloroformyl isophthaloylchloride (5CFIPC), prepared as described in Example A above, as the sole amine-reactive reactant. A polysulfone ultra filter microporous support was mounted in a 6"×6" TEFLONŽ (duPont) frame, soaked with deionized water, and the excess surface water was blown off with air. A soft cloth sheet was dipped into a polyamine solution and applied to the polysulfone support. The support surface was drained for a total of 46 seconds. The excess amine solution was wiped off with a rubber wiper blade and drained diagonally for an additional 21 seconds.
In each of the Examples 1-5, the amine solution contained 2 wt % metaphenylenediamine (MPD), 3.3% or 6.6 wt % triethylamine camphorsulfonic acid salt (TEACSA) and 0.1 wt % sodium dodecylbenzyl sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant which was adjusted to a pH of 6.5 or 7.5 with HCl. Approximately 50 ml of an aromatic chloroformate solution in ISOPARŽ (an isoparaffin mixture from Exxon Corp.) solvent containing the aromatic chloroformate set forth in Table I was then poured onto the liquid layer of polyamine solution and allowed to remain for a contact time of 3 to 12 seconds. The chloroformate solution was then drained off vertically for 2 minutes, and the composite membrane was finally dried in an air oven for six minutes at 100° C.
A sixth pilot plant membrane (Example 6) was prepared using essentially the method of Examples 1-5 described above, except that the polyamine-coated substrate was passed upside down into a trough of the aromatic chloroformate solution and was supported on its backside by a roller. In Example 6, the aqueous polyamine solution contained 2 wt % MPD, 6.6 wt % TEACSA and 0.15 wt % SDBS adjusted to a pH of 7.5.
Examples 7 and 8 were prepared by the method of Examples 1-5 described above, except that the 5CFIPC solution was 0.15 wt/vol % and the amine solution contained 6.6 wt/vol % TEACSA or no TEACSA for comparison.
The performance of the resulting water permeable membranes was measured by passing an aqueous solution containing about 2,000 ppm of NaCl (pH 7.0), simulating brackish water, through each membrane at 225 psig. Simulated seawater testing was carried out similarly except that approximately 33,000 ppm NaCl aqueous solution and 800 psig applied pressure were employed. Performance results listed were in general obtained after approximately 16 hours of testing. The salt rejection and flux rate for each of the membranes are also set forth in Table I.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________5CFIPC MEMBRANESEX. NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8__________________________________________________________________________5CFIPC (wt/vol %) 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.25% 0.15% 0.15%MPD 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%TEACSA 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 6.6% 3.3% 6.6% 6.6% --SURFACTANT 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.15% 0.10% 0.10%pH 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5FEED Brackish Brackish Brackish Brackish Brackish BrackishREJECTION (%) 99.85 99.68 99.91 99.71 99.82 99.33FLUX (GFD) 15.2 18.2 16.5 11.8 12.6 2.5FEED Seawater Seawater SeawaterREJECTION (%) 99.88 99.84 99.86FLUX (GFD) 15.6 17.4 14.7AROMATIC CHLORO- 6 sec. 3 sec. 12 sec. 12 sec. 6 sec. 6 sec. 6 sec. 6 sec.FORMATE CONTACTTIME__________________________________________________________________________
Three different membranes containing 5CFIPC as one component of a mixture of amine-reactive reactants were prepared by the method used for Examples 1-5. The identity and the amount of each of the components of the polyamine and chloroformate/acyl halide (OCOCl/COCl) solutions are set forth in Table II. The three membranes were tested in the same manner as in Examples 1-8, and the salt rejection and flux rates are also set forth in Table II.
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________5CFIPC - MIXED COCL MEMBRANESEX. NO. 9 10 11__________________________________________________________________________Total OCOCl/COCL (wt/vol %) 0.1 0.1 0.185CFIPC relative % 50 80 8.9CPTC of 50 20 28.3IPC OCOCl/COCl -- -- 62.8MPD 2.5 2.5 2.5TEACSA 5.78% 5.78% 5.78%SURFACTANT 0.125% SDBS 0.125% SDBS 0.125% SDBSpH 7.5 7.5 7.5FEED Brackish Brackish BrackishREJECTION % 99.83 99.86 99.78FLUX (GFD) 28.6 19.2 23.7__________________________________________________________________________
Five different membranes containing 1,3,5-phenyltrichloroformate (PTCF), prepared as described in Example B above, as the sole amine-reactive reactant were prepared by a method similar to that used for Examples 1-5. In Examples 12, 13, and 14, PTCF was present at 0.15 wt/vol %. In Example 13, the machine method was modified to include a FreonŽ (duPont) rinse with no baking after the aromatic chloroformate contact. The membrane produced was soaked in deionized water until tested. In Example 14, TEACSA was present at 13.2 wt % and the surfactant was present at 0.15 wt %. In Example 16, no TEACSA was present. The resulting membranes were tested in the same manner as in Examples 1-8, and the salt rejection and flux rates are set forth in Table III.
TABLE III__________________________________________________________________________PURE PTCF MEMBRANE EXAMPLESEX. NO. 12 13 14 15 16__________________________________________________________________________PTCF (wt/vol %) 0.15% 0.15% 0.15% 0.10% 0.10%MPD 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0%TEACSA 6.6% 6.6% 13.2% 6.6% --SURFACTANT 0.1% SDBS 0.1% SDBS 0.15% SDBS 0.1% SDBS 0.1% SDBSpH 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5FEED Brackish Brackish Brackish BrackishREJECTION % 99.36 99.78 96.64 96.19FLUX (GFD) 1.8 1.6 3.4 0.6FEED Seawater SeawaterREJECTION % 99.70 99.64FLUX (GFD) 3.1 2.5METHOD Machine Modified Machine Machine Machine Machine__________________________________________________________________________
Two different membranes containing PTCF and CPTC as the amine-reactive reactants were prepared by a method similar to that used in Examples 1-5, with the exception that TEACSA was present at 9.9 wt %. The identity and the amount of each of the components of the polyamine and chloroformate/acyl halide (OCOCl/COCl) solutions are set forth in Table IV. The two membranes were tested in the same manner as in Examples 1-8, and the salt rejection and flux rates are also set forth in Table IV.
TABLE IV______________________________________PTCF - MIXED COClEX. NO. 17 18______________________________________Total OCOCl/COCl (wt/vol %) 0.16 0.16 PTCF relative % 50 75 ofCPTC OCOCl/COCl 50 25MPD 2% 2%TEACSA 9.9% 9.9%SURFACTANT 0.1% SDBS 0.1% SDBSpH 7.5 7.5FEED Brackish BrackishREJECTION % 99.89 99.92FLUX (GFD) 12.0 5.1FEED Seawater SeawaterREJECTION % 99.76 99.92FLUX (GFD) 17.0 8.2METHOD Machine Machine______________________________________
The above Examples also show the effect of using a cycloaliphatic acyl halide and/or an aromatic polyfunctional acyl halide in addition to or as replacement for part of the cyclic chloroformates. In particular, the presence of the polyfunctional cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic acyl halide appears to not significantly affect the rate of salt rejection, but does appear to increase the flux rates.
The advantage in using a monomeric amine salt (e.g., TEACSA) in the reaction mixture can be seen from comparative Examples 7.8 and 15-16. Thus, the flux rate
was considerably lower where the amine salt was absent (Examples 8 and 16) than the flux rate in membranes prepared with the amine salt present (Examples 7 and 15).
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification||210/654, 210/500.38, 562/853|
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Owner name: HYDRANAUTICS, A CORPORATION OF CA, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TOMASCHKE, JOHN E.;REEL/FRAME:006231/0871
Effective date: 19920729
|Apr 5, 1994||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Feb 25, 1997||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 1, 2001||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 6, 2005||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Sep 21, 2005||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Nov 15, 2005||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20050921

domain: chemistry


text:
Video: Big A Ft MasterKraft Ft Ajaeze, CDQ & Zoro – Joro Mp4 Download
Big A Presents a brand new anime visuals to their previously released song titled Joro.
The song features top notch Nigerian artistes and producer like, Masterkraft Ajaeze ,CDQ as well as Indigenous Rapper Zoro.
The video was chopped and directed by Nextgenstudio.
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domain: entertainment


text:
Non-Dairy Baked Penne Pasta
This is a tasty lactose-free baked pasta dish that I serve with a garden salad and slices of garlic bread. My family loves it! See my note about making this into a vegan or vegetarian dish.
Recipe Summary test
You can make this a vegan dish by substituting veggies (such as mushrooms, yellow squash, carrots, zucchini, bell peppers) for the meats. Saute chopped veggies in a small amount of extra-virgin olive oil until slightly tender. If you do this, I recommend decreasing the sauce amount to 1 jar and omitting the diced tomato or the diced tomato liquid.
If you are not lactose intolerant you can use real cheese, if desired.

domain: food


This is an interview of poet, journalist, and TV5’s host of WASAK, Mr. Lourd de Veyra, with his fellow musician and songwriter, Mr. Dong Abay, the former lead vocalist of Filipino band, Yano, which entered the music mainstream in mid-90s. Dong Abay/Yano is one of my all-time favorite artists/bands.
In this interview (with co-host Jun Sabayton to provide comic relief), Dong Abay talks about his “glorified” days, his starting a family, his being a lost soul when he saw his child growing and felt the pressure of family life, and that moment when he’s no longer getting gigs, when he hit rock bottom until he found that shot at redemption and had a brand new album, and his fascination with Jose Rizal of Dapitan, which made this interview/conversation very interesting and heartwarming.
To Mr. Dong Abay, I am one of your loyal fans. (I still don’t have that “Rebulto” album, though. Will check it out in record stores.) This video was uploaded in YouTube by Ra Rivera on 8 February 2013.


text:
Health and safety
Parking and transportation
Services and conveniences
Media and entertainment
Accessibility and suitability
|Check in anytime after 14:00, check out anytime before 12:00|
|Cancellation/pre-payment policies vary by room type and provider.|
Aeton Hotel Nilai is located at PT 12151, Jalan Bbn 1/1F, Putra Nilai, 0.8 miles from the centre of Kampung Baharu Nilai. Labu Komuter Train Station is the closest landmark to Aeton Hotel Nilai.
Check-in time is 14:00 and check-out time is 12:00 at Aeton Hotel Nilai.
Yes, Aeton Hotel Nilai offers free Wi-Fi.
Yes, Aeton Hotel Nilai offers free parking.
No, Aeton Hotel Nilai does not offer free airport shuttle service.
Aeton Hotel Nilai is 8.4 miles from Kuala Lumpur Intl. Aeton Hotel Nilai is 27.7 miles from Kuala Lumpur Subang.
No, Aeton Hotel Nilai does not have a pool on-site.

domain: travel


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Main Article Content
Root and basal stem rot disease caused by Xylaria sp. is a new diseases in Indonesian sugarcane plantation. The disease has been reported only occurred in sugarcane plantations in Sumatera. Limited information about the disease has slowed down disease diagnosis in the field. The research was aimed to describe symptoms, signs, and spatial distribution of the disease caused by Xylaria. A survey was conducted at a sugarcane plantation in South Sumatera (3° 26’ 16.6” S dan 104°40’ 09.8” E). Typical symptoms of the disease involved drying of all leaves and plant death, dry rot of root and basal stem, and retarded growth of ratoon cane were recorded. Stroma was found on surface of diseased stems and on soil surface of diseased plants, and spatial aggregation of diseased plants was observed in all locations. The distribution of the diseased plant aggregately and the presence of stroma on diseased plants are important characteristics of the disease diagnosis in sugarcane plantations.
Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

domain: biology


text: In September 1984, Maryland filed a $500 million law suit against 48 mine operators, manufacturers, sellers and distributors of asbestos containing building materials installed in hundreds of state-owned buildings. The state asserted the materials were a health hazard and sought damages for removal and replacement. After nearly four years of discovery and motions, the parties agreed to use special masters to resolve thousands of individual factual disputes. The parties reserved for jury trial, however, the issues of ultimate liability and punitive damages, unless both sides sought to settle such issues privately. Hearings before four special masters began in February 1989 and concluded a year later (the process would have taken three years of judge time). Based on the masters' findings, the state and a majority of defendants settled their dispute over liability and damages in mid-1990. The remaining defendants brought the issues of liability and damage~ to a jury. The masters' findings formed the basis of factual stipulations which were read to the jury, obviating the need to hear evidence on or decide these matters. The jury trial began last December and concluded Feb. 1, 1991. The verdict was in favor of the remaining defendants on the liability and punitive damage issues. The jury apparently concluded that the asbestos in state buildings was not dangerous or, if it was, that it was not the responsibility of the defendants.

domain: law


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The role of Gandalf was then given to Sir Ian McKellen. At the time he was cast, McKellen had never read any of Tolkien's works, but he quickly developed his knowledge of The Lord of the Rings and made his performance as close to the original source as possible. For his performance in The Fellowship of the Ring, McKellen won a Saturn Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor and was also nominated for an Academy Award of the same category, making him the only individual cast member to be nominated. He has received virtually universal acclaim for his performance throughout all of the films. On his personal web site, McKellen has said he would be delighted to reprise the role in The Hobbit and its sequel, should Peter Jackson be involved, which he is, as the executive producer.
| Pagod Ka Na Bang Maging si Juan? | Ordinary People, Ordinary Day |


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The U.S. Border Patrol within U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) followed its screening procedures to prevent migrants with serious criminal backgrounds or individuals on the terrorist watch list from entering the United States, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) has found.
OIG determined that Border Patrol agents conducted required record checks on the migrants from the watchdog’s sample that they released into the country.
However, OIG said that Border Patrol did not always assign alien registration numbers (A-numbers), which is necessary to create alien files. These files provide a complete history of a migrant’s immigration encounters. OIG found that Border Patrol did not issue A-numbers for 107 of 384 migrants, most of whom were paroled into the country or issued Notices to Report. According to OIG’s findings, agents did not always assign A-numbers because they were trying to expedite processing and move migrants out of Border Patrol facilities that were over capacity.
Additionally, Border Patrol did not always maintain migrants’ alien files. During OIG’s audit, Border Patrol and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) could not provide 80 of the requested 384 migrant files because they were either lost, disposed of, or in transit. Border Patrol had disposed of the files because they did not have A-numbers and were unaware of record retention requirements.
OIG said these shortcomings occurred because CBP has not issued a formal policy detailing how to expedite the processing of migrants as apprehension numbers continue to rise.
As Border Patrol continues to process large numbers of migrants at the Southwest Border, conducting and evaluating the results of record checks is imperative to ensure migrants with aggravated criminal histories, gang or drug cartel affiliations, or terrorist watch list records are not permitted to be released into the United States. Further, OIG said Border Patrol’s informal and expedited practices for processing migrants could jeopardize the ability to track migrants released into the United States and ensure migrants appear for immigration proceedings.
The watchdog has recommended that the Chief of Border Patrol develop and implement a comprehensive policy for use of different pathways for expedited processing during times of increased apprehension activity. The policy should require the issuing of A-numbers for all migrants released into the United States to ensure DHS and other Federal agencies can track migrants throughout the immigration process; and ensure that processing pathways comply with existing law and policy.
Border Patrol agreed with OIG’s recommendation and said it has already issued email guidance and a policy memorandum for processing pathway guidance. Additionally, Border Patrol is coordinating with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to improve the use of electronic A-Files, allowing for a more seamless transition of the files among Border Patrol, ICE, and USCIS.

domain: news


SingTel has announced this morning that it will acquire New York-based photo sharing company Pixable for US$26.5 million as part of the company's Digital Life division.
The photo aggregation service, which looks like a cross between Instagram and Pinterest, was launched in 2009 by two former Microsoft employees, and now boasts more than 4 million users accessing the service through iOS and Android apps and through its website.
Singtel's Digital Life CEO Allen Lew said that the acquisition was designed to bring together telecommunications service providers and content sharing.
"Pixable's expertise and customer engagement give us a foundation to go beyond viewing photos to using photos as a way to stimulate simple immersive communication," Lew said in a statement. "We will be able to provide a distinctive value-added service to all mobile customers, allowing them to discover and store content, images and their communication history — essentially, what matters most from those that are really important to them"
SingTel's Digital Life division was created to generate revenue from apps and other, over-the-top services for the telecommunications company, as revenue from straight mobile operations become increasingly tight. In March, SingTel acquired mobile advertising start-up Amobee for US$321 million.


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Clean Energy Access for Mountain People
The Support to Rural Livelihoods and Climate Change Adaptation in the Himalaya (Himalica) programme, in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF), Bhutan, organized a workshop for the Gups (headmen) and Gewog (an administrative
in Baganbari, an AdaptHimal pilot site in Bangladesh’s Chittagong Hill Tracts. The International Centre for
This component aspires to generate “cutting edge and integrated knowledge products” for addressing food, water, energy, and climate change issues for upstream and downstream basin populations
The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and The Environment Conservation and Development Forum (ECDF) have been conducting the European Union-funded Support to Rural Livelihoods and Climate Change in the Himalaya
he Regional REDD+ Initiative at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICMOD), under the REDD+ Himalaya Programme, facilitates the REDD+ readiness processes of member countries Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Myanmar at various
I’m placing my foot carefully on a stable rock. This is definitely a terrain to break your ankle. Or, I could slide down with the loose rocks if I create a rock slide on these never ending slopes. When I look back, I see how two people make slow
ICIMOD participated in a discussion and mountain fair programme organized by the Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs (MoCHTA) on December 11 to mark International Mountain Day 2016 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In line with this year’s theme.
“ICIMOD’s resolve and tireless efforts in the face of such devastation truly inspire us,” said Jack Dangermond. “Their work has already had huge impact and they continue to drive relief and recovery...
Handing out the Award, Esri President Jack Dangermond said ICIMOD was recognized for its contribution to the disaster response efforts of the Government of Nepal in the aftermath of the recent earthquake in the country...
Many records indicate that the trend of rising temperatures is more significant in mountain regions than adjacent lowlands. Climate models also suggest that the future will bring greater temperature increase and more erratic precipitation.
The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), a regional intergovernmental learning and knowledge centre, engaged Nepali communities in carbon forestry in 2003 and later on implemented the REDD+ project 2009-2013.
HI-AWARE Inception Phase Completed
Mountains may be rugged and majestic, but they’re also fragile environments that are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The high peaks of the Himalayas are a vast storehouse of water in frozen form, with the world’s greatest


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- MLB. Shohei Ohtani out for rest of the season
- MLB. Dodgers take another step in regards to Julio Urias' future
Shohei Ohtani will miss the remainder of the 2023 MLB season through a rather serious injury, however it isn't thought to have any long-term impact on his hopes for an offseason free agency move.
The Japanese sensation is seen as the most valuable free agent to hit the market in years... perhaps ever, and he will have a lot of viable options with almost every team in the league looking to sign him.
New York is a huge market, especially with both the Mets and the Yankees holding sizable reputations, although they aren't considered the favorites.
The Angels have lost Ohtani because of a lack of competitiveness. They are 13.5 games back in the race for a playoff spot, and they simply can't offer an attractive enough sporting package to tempt him to stay.
Just what are the possible landing spots for Shohei Ohtani?
5. Seattle Mariners
Ohtani has stated he wants to play on the West Coast and Seattle fans have made clear they want Ohtani to join them. The Mariners are incredibly popular in Japan after the legendary career of Ichiro Suzuki with the franchise.
4. Baltimore Orioles
Whilst not a historically rich team, the Orioles are enjoying a stunning season in 2023 and could be able to promise a winning project to Ohtani. He would elevate them to championship favorites.
3. Boston Red Sox
Having not made a free agency splash for a while, the Boston Red Sox would love to sign Ohtani. Not only would he make them better out on the diamond, but he'd sell an incredible amount of merchandise.
2. Los Angeles Dodgers
The city rivals of the Angels, the Dodgers can offer Ohtani money, celebrity exposure and the chance of competing for a championship.
1. New York Mets
The Mets wasted so much money in 2022 trying to build a better roster after Jacob deGrom walked away from the team. Much of these players have been shifted and the Mets have a lot of money to play with in 2023.

domain: sports


Relevant Tones is an award-winning podcast about the most fascinating time in classical music history: right now. These live-taped episodes at Symphony Space feature music and conversation on a theme and the theme for this one is commercialism in art.
Artists should be paid for their work but what does it mean to "sell out?" Why do we value visual art and music so differently? Can commercial art ever be good? Join host Seth Boustead and special guests for a lively discussion of this pertinent topic plus performances of music by Will Rowe and Jacob TV.
Leonard Nimoy Thalia
Expected Run Time is 90 minutes


A week after the historic flight on October 14th, 1947 the Mach One team were called to the Air Material Command HQ at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio to brief the Air Force brass on the details of the flight and to receive compliments for a job well done. The accomplishment was still a closely guarded secret and would remain so for several months. A celebration was in order and it took place at the Biltmore Hotel in Dayton on October 20th, 1947. Gathered in the Kitty Hawk Room were (left to right) Major Bob Cardenas (B-29 launch pilot and officer in charge at Muroc), Roy Sandstrom (chief of design engineering on the X-1), Captain James T. Fitzgerald, Lieutenant Bob Hoover (back-up and high chase pilot), Dick Frost (Bell Aircraft project engineer & low chase pilot), Captain Chuck Yeager (prime pilot), Larry Bell (owner of Bell Aircraft Corporation) and Captain Jack Ridley (Flight Test Engineer).
Below are a selection of photographs documenting Chuck Yeagers career in the USAF from the very early days as a maintenance officer until his 2nd "retirement" from the USAF at the 50th anniversary of the first supersonic flight celebrations held at Edwards AFB on October 14th, 1997. Beneath the gallery you will find a photograph of the X-1 team taken during a celebratory meal in Dayton, October 20th, 1947. This photograph is seperate as I felt compelled to name everyone in the photograph in order to help preserve a little piece of history. Enjoy the images!!


Characterization of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion Process
Forskningsoutput: Avhandling › Doktorsavhandling (sammanläggning)
The main objective of this project was to characterize the HCCI combustion process. Central parts in the project were the progress of the HCCI combustion process, the influence of charge homogeneity on the combustion process and sources of UHC and CO emissions in HCCI combustion. Some of these parts were experimentally explored by applying non-perturbing optical diagnostics to the HCCI combustion process in engines with optical access. Other aspects were examined through regular engine testing while measuring pressures, temperatures and the regulated emissions of CO, NOx and UHC. From the conducted experiments and the discussion regarding these, it can be concluded that due to charge heterogeneities in temperature, air/fuel equivalence ratio or residual gases, the HCCI combustion process starts in many areas simultaneously. The ignition process is slow compared to the main heat release. It features a gradual start of combustion with small gradients between burned and unburned gases. The main heat release is characterized by the rapid growth of burned areas. Towards the end of combustion, the expanding areas of burned gas compress the areas of unburned gases, generating strong gradients between burned and unburned areas. Due to the cool gas along the combustion chamber walls and in the crevices, the combustion in these areas is delayed or not at all initiated. Near-wall combustion and wall quenching was not found to be a major source of UHC. Combustion chamber crevices proved to be major contributors to the emissions of UHC in HCCI engines. To support the experimental observations and provide explanations to the essential features of the HCCI combustion process, a conceptual model is proposed in this work.
|Enheter & grupper|
Ämnesklassifikation (UKÄ) – OBLIGATORISK
|Tilldelningsdatum||2002 mar 15|
|Status||Published - 2002|


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Healthcare institutions begin Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination amid 'overwhelming' demand from public
SINGAPORE: Healthcare institutions began offering the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine on Monday (Aug 30) amid "overwhelming" demand from the public.
More than 6,000 individuals have registered their interest to receive the Sinopharm vaccine at IHH Healthcare Singapore's facilities, said its chief operating officer Dr Noel Yeo on Monday (Aug 30).
These individuals indicated their interest over the past month, Dr Yeo told reporters at a vaccination exercise held at Gleneagles Hospital, one of the firm's hospitals.
IHH Healthcare Singapore has imported more than 10,000 doses of the Chinese-made Sinopharm vaccine so far, said Dr Yeo, describing the vaccine as "popular".
The Sinopharm vaccine
The Sinopharm vaccine uses an inactivated form of the coronavirus, similar to the Sinovac shot.
Private clinics may import the vaccine, which is under the World Health Organization’s emergency use list, under the Health Sciences Authority’s special access route.
People who opt to take non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines under WHO's emergency use list are now also considered fully vaccinated, after the authorities decided to take a more "inclusive" approach in recognising vaccines earlier this month.
This allows them to be eligible for vaccination-differentiated safe management measures such as dining-in at F&B outlets in bigger groups and travel concessions.
Previously, only those inoculated with Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines under the national vaccination programme were recognised.
The WHO has said the Sinopharm vaccine has 79 per cent efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 infection as well as hospitalisation from the disease, according to the results of a large multi-country Phase 3 trial.
"We were aware there is a demand for alternative vaccines. However, the response for Sinopharm has been overwhelming so far," he said.
"We are already assessing the need to reapply for more doses to meet the demand."
IHH Healthcare will also offer the Sinopharm vaccine at Mount Elizabeth Hospital and Parkway Shenton clinics in Duxton and One Raffles Quay, Dr Yeo said.
About 50 people were invited for their vaccination on Monday, after vaccines arrived earlier than expected on Friday night, he said.
Others who have made appointments will be able to get their vaccination from Wednesday, he added.
Gleneagles Hospital will be able to vaccinate up to 150 individuals at full capacity, he added.
“GOOD INTEREST” FOR VACCINE
Appointment slots at Clearbridge Medical Group’s Medic Surgical and Laser Clinic - which also began offering the Sinopharm vaccine on Monday - were mostly booked, said a spokesperson.
The clinic started accepting registrations for appointments on Aug 9.
"We are seeing good interest in the vaccines and have been actively reaching out to interested patients to get their vaccinations undertaken at the clinic based on an appointment format," the spokesperson said.
He added that subject to clinic capacity and social distancing regulations, “we aim to inoculate between 50 to 70 patients daily”.
A spokesperson for Raffles Medical Group, which has also started offering Sinopharm doses at Raffles Hospital and Raffles Specialist Centre in Orchard, said that each clinic can inoculate more than 60 patients a day and this can be "scaled up if required".
The group "will be offering its initial batch of 5,000 doses during this round of vaccination exercise", the spokesperson added.
As of Monday, Raffles Medical Group has received more than 10,000 registrations from people interested in the vaccine, the spokesperson said, adding that appointments for September are open and more appointments will be made available if needed.
Other clinics that are expected to offer the vaccine are Thomson Wellth Clinic @ Paragon and Thomson GP Clinic.
A spokesperson for parent company Thomson Medical said its two clinics “will be able to safely and efficiently administer about 250 vaccinations a day”.
“Collectively, we have received more than 1,000 requests for the Sinopharm vaccine to date,” the spokesperson added.
The clinics are "gearing to start operations" from the middle of next month, he added.
StarMed Specialist Centre is also expecting to offer the vaccine in mid-September, said CEO Dr Louis Tan.
“We're waiting to complete the majority of our Sinovac doses before we open up appointment slots for Sinopharm. Because of similarities in name, country of origin and type of vaccine, we don't want to confuse members of public by offering both … simultaneously,” he told CNA.
The centre will be able to administer more than 100 vaccinations a day, he said.
Checks by CNA show clinics in Singapore have priced the two-dose Sinopharm vaccine at about S$98 or S$99, with GST.
Ms Cindy Tan, 24, who received the Sinopharm vaccine at Gleneagles Hospital on Monday, pointed to its reported higher efficacy compared to the Sinovac vaccine - 79 per cent compared to 51 per cent - and reportedly milder side effects as reasons behind her decision.
Ms Tan said that she got “a bit” worried after reading about side effects some "young people" encountered after receiving other vaccines.
“I read online that there were not many side effects for the Sinopharm (vaccine),” she said.
She added that the price was affordable to her.
Business consultant Lam Pin Kee, 58 said that he “did some research” and was more comfortable with the "time-tested" technology of inactivated vaccines.
Mr Lam, who has been in the healthcare industry for 30 years, said that the vaccination process went smoothly, and that he is looking forward to being fully vaccinated.
“After I am fully vaccinated, I can dine out, I can do many things,” he said.

domain: medical


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According to The Hollywood Reporter, Tony Award winner Thomas Kail has been tapped to direct Disney’s upcoming Moana live-action remake of 2016’s acclaimed animated musical fantasy movie.
Kail gained recognition for his directorial work on the Broadway productions of Lin-Manuel Miranda’s In the Heights and Hamilton musicals. Besides working in theater, he also has experienced directing shows include a few episodes of 2 Broke Girls and Fosse/ Verdon, with the latter earning him an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series. The live-action adaptation of Moana marks Kail’s feature narrative directorial debut.
The Moana live-action remake will be produced by Dwayne Johnson, who plans to return for the remake, as well as Dany and Hiram Garcia through their Seven Bucks Productions banner and Beau Flynn for Flynn Picture Co. It will be executive produced by Auli‘i Cravalho — the voice of Moana in the 2016 film — and Scott Sheldon of Flynn Picture Co. Jared Bush, who wrote the screenplay for Moana, will also take part in the remake’s production alongside Samoan industry pro Dana Ledoux Miller.
The original was directed by Ron Clements and John Musker. It was not only a commercial success with a gross of over $600 million, but it also earned positive reviews from critics and earned two Oscar nominations including Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song.


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‘The Ferryman’ was up for nine awards at this year’s 2019 Tonys, with Laura Donnelly nominated for Best Actress. This followed on from her recent Olivier win for the same role in London’s West End.
"The Tony Awards are all about performances and as Caitlin Carney in The Ferryman, Laura Donnelly delivered one of the year’s most compelling. Nominated for best actress, Donnelly delved into the political and social implications of the Northern Ireland conflict of the late 20th century”.
The Huffington Post:
"As the star of “The Ferryman,” Laura Donnelly delivers one of the Broadway season's most buzzed-about performances”
Although Laura didn’t win the Tony, ‘The Ferryman' went on to win the 2019 Tony for Best Play.


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What could be more important than a healthy diet for your child? Nutrition is a major priority to Play & Learn Day Nursery. Play & Learn Day Nursery believe that healthy eating and physical activity are essential for growth and development in childhood. To help children develop healthy eating patterns from an early age we believe it is important to carefully consider the food and eating patterns to which they are exposed .
Infant nutrition (up to one year):
Children in the first year of life are following individual feeding and sleeping patterns. In accordance to good practice guidance Play & Learn Day Nursery do not disrupted but wherever possible integrated into the practitioners timetable for the day.
Breast v. bottle milk _ Breast milk is the best food for infants. Play & Learn Day Nursery support breastfeeding mothers and encourage them to continue providing breast milk. We ask breastfeeding mothers to provide expressed breast milk in a bottle for the practitioner to give to the infant.
Nutrition for children aged 1 to 5 years:
After weaning on to a variety of food tastes, in partnership with parents children are encouraged to eat a variety of foods from each of the four main food groups every day.
The four main food groups are:
1. Fruit and vegetables.
2. Bread, cereals and potatoes
3. Milk and dairy foods
4. Meat, fish and alternatives
The fifth food group, the fats and sugars are restricted.
Play & Learn Day Nursery regards snack and meal times as an important part of nursery life. Eating represents a social time for children and adults and helps children to learn about healthy eating.


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Welcome to Cambodia forum !!!. LoveKhmer is khmer forum that you can read khmer book , khmer magazine , khmer song , khmer movie , khmer novels and you can chat with khmer poeple
Stinger Magazine : forum where fans of the action-genre (Ninja Gaiden, Devil May Cry etc. ) can talk, discuss and strategize together!
Discussion board for the students of Learn French at Home.
Niners forum : Forum buat semua anak-anak NINERS dan Motion Magazine
Free forum : Get in contact with custom enthusiast all over the world on Underground-Scene. com Magazine forum.
Forum gratis : Tokio Hotel Online Magazine. Tokio Hotel Online Magazine Forum
Free forum : The official UFO Magazine forum
Free forum : The beHive forum is where the staff and writers for Hive Magazine can interact with one another.
A communityforum for readers of the Weekly Pickaxe, a Minecraft Magazine
Forum gratuit : Forum for Sci-Fi, Fantasy, Horror Modeler, with hints and tips for the beginer to the more experianced Modeller
Free forum : Music Magazine Discussion Forum. VEW Magazine Forum
Free forum : A place where you can talk about bionicles and much more!
A place for SLM Staff and fans can come together to take SLM to higher levels.
Free forum : Space for the Designers of the BJ114 Sample Magazine to coerce with one another in the realm of wires etc.
Free forum : Books, Online Shopping, Book Store, Magazine, Subscription, Music, CDs, DVDs, Videos, Electronics, Video Games, Computers, Cell Phones, Toys, Games, Apparel, Accessories, Shoes, Jewelry,
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Free forum : Your home for Horse Health & Training Advice


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Independent News Plans $226 Million South Africa DisposalJanice Kew
Independent News & Media Plc, Ireland’s biggest newspaper publisher, agreed to sell its South African operations to a group of companies led by Iqbal Surve in a shift of the division to black ownership.
The 2 billion-rand ($226 million) sale to Sekunjalo Independent Media Consortium will require approval from INM’s shareholders and South Africa’s Competition Commission, the Dublin-based company said in a statement today. The business, which includes the Star, Pretoria News, Cape Times and Cape Argus publications, is South Africa’s largest English-language newspaper group.
“We are in the final stages of this deal,” Surve, chairman of Sekunjalo Group, said in an interview today. “It will be good to bring this asset back to South Africa.” Sekunjalo made an unsolicited bid for the South African unit in late August. The deal has South African and foreign funders, he said, without identifying them.
Surve sees print media in South Africa growing as new community titles are added and as more people become literate. He plans to invest in newspapers across Africa, with a greater focus on digital, he said. There are no “immediate plans” to change management, which has “performed well under difficult circumstances.”
INM rose as much as 16 percent, the biggest intraday jump since Jan.2. The stock was up 3.1 percent at 3.3 euro cents as of 3:22 p.m. in Dublin. Sekunjalo rose 10 percent to 55 South African cents in Johannesburg.
Competition Commission approval may take three to six months, Surve said. Sekunjalo Group is based in Cape Town and has assets in telecommunications, health care and fisheries.

domain: finance