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When Do Pools Close in Texas?
Summertime in Texas means hot weather and finding ways to beat the heat. One popular option is to take a refreshing dip in a pool. Whether you have a private pool or plan to visit a public one, it’s important to know when they close so you can plan your fun-filled days accordingly.
In Texas, the closing time for pools can vary depending on the type and location. Public pools, such as those in municipal parks or community centers, often follow a set schedule. They typically close around 8 or 9 pm during weekdays and slightly earlier on weekends. However, it’s always a good idea to check with the specific pool you plan to visit, as their closing times may differ.
Private pools, on the other hand, don’t have a standard closing time. It is entirely up to the pool owner to decide when to close their pool for the day. Some may choose to keep their pool open until late at night, while others may prefer to close earlier. If you have access to a private pool, it’s best to confirm the closing time with the owner or management.
Now, let’s address some common questions about pool closing times in Texas:
1. Can pools stay open late in Texas?
Yes, private pools have the flexibility to stay open later, but public pools generally close by 8 or 9 pm.
2. Do pools close earlier on weekends?
Public pools may close slightly earlier on weekends, but it varies depending on the location.
3. Can pools stay open all night?
Private pools have the option to stay open all night, but public pools typically have set closing times.
4. What are the typical pool closing times in Texas?
Public pools usually close around 8 or 9 pm on weekdays and slightly earlier on weekends.
5. Are there exceptions to pool closing times?
Yes, there may be exceptions for special events or occasions, so it’s always best to check with the pool beforehand.
6. Can pools close earlier due to weather conditions?
Yes, pools may close earlier or remain closed during inclement weather for safety reasons.
7. Do pool closing times change during the summer?
Pool closing times usually remain consistent throughout the summer season, but it’s advisable to verify with the pool for any changes.
8. Can private pools be open year-round in Texas?
Private pools can be open year-round in Texas, but they may be less frequently used during the colder months.
9. Are public pools closed during the winter?
Many public pools in Texas close during the winter months, usually from November to March.
10. Do pools close earlier during the pandemic?
Some public pools may have adjusted their closing times or remain closed due to pandemic-related restrictions. Check with the pool for updates.
11. Can I access a public pool after closing hours?
No, public pools are generally off-limits after closing hours for safety and maintenance purposes.
Knowing when pools close in Texas allows you to plan your recreational activities effectively. Whether you’re looking to cool off in a public pool or relax in a private one, be sure to check the specific closing times and enjoy your time under the Texas sun!


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Sustainability and delicious meals can go hand in hand. If you’re looking to reduce your environmental footprint while savoring flavorful dishes, you’re in for a treat. Here are some sustainable dinner ideas you can easily prepare at home.
Stir fries are a fantastic way to reduce meat consumption. Load up on colorful, locally sourced veggies and tofu for a protein boost. Try incorporating a savory sauce made from soy sauce, ginger, and garlic for a satisfying flavor punch.
Lentils are not only rich in protein and fiber but also eco-friendly. Whip up a hearty lentil stew with seasonal vegetables, herbs, and spices. It’s a comforting and sustainable option that’s both delicious and planet-friendly.
Pesto Pasta with Farmers’ Market Greens
Grab fresh basil, nuts, and local greens to make a delightful pesto sauce. Toss it with whole-grain pasta, and add in some roasted vegetables from your local farmers’ market for a dish that’s as easy on the Earth as it is on your taste buds.
Create homemade plant-based burgers using ingredients like black beans, quinoa, or chickpeas. These patties are not only delicious but also sustainable alternatives to traditional meat burgers.
Craft a vibrant and refreshing salad with seasonal produce. Add nuts, seeds, or crumbled cheese for an extra flavor boost. Top it off with a homemade vinaigrette using locally sourced ingredients.
By choosing these sustainable suppers, you’ll not only indulge in tasty meals but also play your part in reducing your carbon footprint. Experiment with these recipes and explore the many ways you can make eco-conscious choices while enjoying your favorite dishes. Sustainability never tasted so good!

domain: food


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5 French books from Cécile Coulon
Cécile Coulon is a talented contemporary French writer known for her lyrical prose and poignant storytelling. With a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of human emotions, she captures the complexities of relationships, the beauty of nature, and the struggles of individuals in their search for meaning. Coulon’s works are characterized by their rich imagery, evocative language, and exploration of the human condition.
Here are five books by Cécile Coulon that readers should discover:
“Le Rire du grand blessé” (The Laughter of the Great Wounded)
This novel delves into the lives of three generations of a family in a rural French village. Coulon masterfully weaves together the stories of different characters, exploring themes of love, loss, and the bonds that hold families together.
“Trois saisons d’orage” (Three Seasons of Thunder)
Set against the backdrop of a small village in rural France, this novel explores the lives of its inhabitants as they navigate personal struggles and confront the forces of nature. Coulon skillfully depicts the intricacies of human relationships and the power of resilience.
“Les grandes villes n’existent pas” (Big Cities Don’t Exist)
In this collection of short stories, Coulon explores the themes of urban alienation and the search for connection. Through her vivid and poetic language, she brings to life characters who are lost in the sprawling cities, searching for meaning and a sense of belonging.
“Le coeur du pélican” (The Heart of the Pelican)
This coming-of-age novel follows the journey of a young girl named Isaure as she navigates the complexities of adolescence and grapples with the loss of her father. Coulon’s sensitive portrayal of Isaure’s emotions and her growth throughout the story makes it a captivating read.
“Une bête au paradis” (A Beast in Paradise)
This novel tells the story of a family living on a farm, their dreams, desires, and the dark secrets that haunt them. Coulon’s exploration of rural life and the powerful imagery she employs create an immersive reading experience.
Cécile Coulon’s works offer readers a glimpse into the complexities of human nature and the resilience of the human spirit. With her poetic prose and insightful storytelling, she invites us to contemplate our place in the world and the intricacies of our relationships. Her novels are a testament to the power of literature to touch our hearts and provoke introspection.

domain: library


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Gastric adenomas are regarded as premalignant lesions that may develop into gastric cancer according to the dysplasia grade.[1,2] Correa's cascade suggests that the mechanism underlying chronic gastric inflammation is chronic atrophic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or other factors, leading to intestinal metaplasia (IM), gastric dysplasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma. In the revised Vienna classification, gastric epithelial neoplasia is classified under category 1 (negative for dysplasia) to 5 (submucosal invasion by carcinoma). Non-invasive low- and high-grade dysplasias (LGD and HGD) are classified under categories 3 and 4, respectively. HGD is considered a precancerous lesion, requiring removal via surgery or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).[5–7] Conversely, LGD is less likely to progress into gastric cancer than HGD; however, LGD treatment guidelines have not yet been established.[7,8]
Recently, the number of gastrointestinal endoscopies performed is increasing. Because of the high incidence of gastric cancer especially in Korea, the National Cancer Screening Program was initiated in 1999, which enforced performance of screening gastrointestinal endoscopy every 2 years for healthy individuals aged over 40 years. Since the start of this program, the incidence of gastric cancer slightly decreased from 43.6 per 100,000 individuals in 1999 to 35.8 per 100,000 in 2014; however, the proportion of non-epithelial tumor increased (from 0.8% to 1.4%) in Korea. Therefore, the diagnosis rate of gastric adenomas during endoscopy is increasing. However, histological discrepancies were reported between biopsy and resected specimens. When gastric adenomas are found, gastric cancer may already be present focally. Gastric adenomas diagnosed via endoscopic biopsy can be upgraded to invasive carcinomas after endoscopic resection (ER) (range, 4%–30%).[11–13] Therefore, 1-piece or en bloc resection of gastric adenomas is necessary because it is possible to evaluate the appropriate treatment via histological assessment and reduce local recurrence. ER, including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and ESD, is usually used for accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastric adenomas. ESD is preferred in patients with gastric adenoma in Korea and Japan because it can resect large and depressed lesions, which are difficult to resect via EMR.[15–17]
Several guidelines have been proposed for the treatment of HGD and LGD. The revised Vienna classification recommends endoscopic treatment for HGD and endoscopic treatment or follow-up for LGD. European guidelines recommend that endoscopic resection of LGD for accurate pathological diagnosis. Therefore, in some cases, such as LGD, it may be difficult to determine whether endoscopic resection is appropriate. In the case of ER for early gastric cancer, many studies have been done on the risk of recurrence and the recurrence rate after ER. However, there is a lack of research on how long endoscopic follow-up is necessary and how many metachronous lesions occur in gastric adenoma.
Several studies have reported the characteristics and prognosis of gastric adenomas compared with gastric cancer; only a few studies have investigated the risk factors of recurrence and long-term outcomes in gastric adenoma.[12,14,17,19,20] We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics and risk factors of synchronous and metachronous recurrences, with a focus on gastric adenoma that underwent ER during their long-term follow-up.
2 Materials and methods
One thousand eighteen patients underwent ER for gastric adenoma at Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital in Busan, Korea, between January 2010 and November 2018. Gastric adenoma was classified as low or high grade according to the revised Vienna classification. To evaluate the long-term follow-up outcomes, we excluded 889 patients owing to the following exclusion criteria:
- (i) no endoscopic follow-up for at least 2 years
- (ii) unavailable clinical data or records
- (iii) history of gastric cancer surgery for advanced gastric cancer
- (iv) no follow-up during the study period
A total of 116 patients who underwent ER for gastric adenoma between 2010 and 2016 and follow-up endoscopy between 2017 and 2018 were selected. However, to compare the number of ER cases performed in 1 patient (i.e., once vs twice or more), a total of 133 cases were retrospectively analyzed based on the number of ER cases received. This study was performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and approved by our institutional review board.
2.2 Endoscopic and pathological findings
2.2.1 Lesion locations
In cases of multiple lesions at the time of ER, only the more advanced dysplastic lesion was analyzed as the main lesion. If the lesions had the same grade of dysplasia, the largest lesion was included in the main lesion. The tumor location was divided into long and short axes. Long axis included the antrum, lower body, midbody, upper body, and cardia/fundus. Short axis included the anterior wall, posterior wall, lesser curvature, and greater curvature.
2.2.2 Endoscopic findings
The underlying endoscopic findings were classified using the Kimura-Takemoto classification. Atrophic gastritis was defined when the mucosa of the antrum and body was thinned, and the submucosal blood vessels were well visible. IM was defined as the presence of white plaques or patches or discoloration of the mucosa (i.e., uniform white). Atrophy and IM were diagnosed on the basis of the assessment of the expert endoscopist. IM was also diagnosed on the basis of the pathological findings.
Endoscopic gross findings according to the Paris classification were simplified into 3 groups: polypoid/elevated (type 0–I), flat (types 0–IIa, 0–IIa+IIc, 0–IIb, 0–IIc, and 0–IIc+IIa), and depressed (type 0–III).H. pylori infection was defined as either positive urease test or urea breath test findings or pathological confirmation.
2.2.3 Endoscopic procedure
All gastric adenomas were removed endoscopically via EMR with pre-cutting (EMR-P) or ESD. The shapes and margins of the gastric lesions were identified using single-channel endoscopy (GIF H260, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) before ER. Using argon plasma coagulation, the lesion boundary was marked by dotted lines. Isotonic saline with dilute epinephrine (1:10,000) was injected to the submucosal layer to elevate the lesion. For EMR-P or ESD, a circumferential incision was created around the lesion, and the lesion was dissected using a snare (EMR-P) or an insulated tipped knife (ESD).
En bloc resection was defined as resection of a single piece and piecemeal resection as that of multiple pieces of specimen. Complete resection was defined as successful en bloc resection with histologically free lateral and vertical margins.
2.2.4 Pathological findings of specimen
The specimen was diagnosed by 2 pathologists in our hospital. The pathologists were experts with more than 5 years of experience. When the biopsy was done at a local clinic hospital, the tissue was taken to our hospital and re-diagnosed by the pathologists in our hospital.
The size of lesions and specimens was based on the results of measurements made by a ruler in the pathology department. The specimen size was defined as the longest measured size of the specimen after ER. The lesion size was defined as the longest pathologically measured length. An upgraded histological discrepancy in LGD was defined as histologically diagnosed HGD (category 4) or invasive gastric cancer (category 5) in the endoscopically resected specimens; a downgraded histological discrepancy was defined as the final histology showing negative (category 1) or indefinite findings for neoplasia or dysplasia (category 2). In HGD, an upgraded pathology was defined as invasive gastric cancer (category 5) in the endoscopically resected specimens and a downgraded pathology as LGD (category 3) or the presence of negative (category 1) or indefinite dysplasia (category 2) findings.
2.2.5 Follow-up after ER
All patients underwent the first follow-up endoscopic examination 3 months after endoscopic resection. Follow-up endoscopic examination was performed at 3, 6, 12, and every 12 months thereafter. However, in few cases, the examination was not performed at 6 months, depending on the expert endoscopist's preference.
Synchronous lesions were defined as newly detected neoplasm within 6 months after ER of the primary gastric adenoma. Metachronous lesions were defined as newly discovered lesions at another site 6 months after ER of the primary gastric adenoma.
2.3 Statistical analysis
Variables were expressed as medians [interquartile ranges (IQRs)] or n (%). The baseline characteristics were compared using independent Student t test or Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables, as appropriate. We compared the baseline characteristics of the patients who received ER once and more than twice and analyzed the differences according to the adenoma type and presence of recurrence. Independent predictors of recurrence among the endoscopic therapy patients were analyzed using Cox regression analyses. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Additionally, the overall cumulative risk rates of recurrence following underlying gastric mucosal description were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 25.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). P-values of <.05 were considered statistically significant.
3.1 ER conducted once vs more than twice
Between January 2010 and November 2018, 116 patients (133 cases) were diagnosed with gastric adenomas and underwent ER. All patients underwent a first follow-up endoscopic examination 3 months after ER. In most patients, follow-up endoscopy was scheduled at 3, 6, and 12 months after ER, and annually thereafter. The average number of follow-up endoscopic examinations performed on patients was 5.06 (standard deviation, 2.33) times. Twenty-seven of them (20.3%) had 1 or more recurrences, with the greatest number of recurrences occurring 3 times. A total of 133 gastric adenomas were analyzed, and the patients’ baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. There were 79 men (59.4%) and 54 women (40.6%), with an average age of 63 (IQR, 56–70) years. Seventy-seven patients (57.9%) with adenoma underwent endoscopy for screening at a local clinic hospital before ER.
The most common type of endoscopic gross finding was flat lesions in 78 adenomas (58.6%). LGD was the most common pathological finding in both groups (79.2% and 74.1%). A pathological discrepancy between endoscopic forceps biopsy and ER was observed. The pathological findings in forceps biopsy were LGD in 104 adenomas (78.2%) and HGD in 29 adenomas (21.8%). However, those after ER were LGD in 95 adenomas (71.4%) and HGD in 34 adenomas (25.6%). The upgraded and downgraded histological discrepancy rates were 10.5% (n = 14) and 3.0% (n = 4), respectively.
The endoscopic procedure was ESD in 94.0% and EMR-P in 6.0%. IM accounted for almost half of the underlying gastric conditions (48.1%); the H. pylori infection rate was 31.6%. The lesions were mainly located at the antrum (long axis; 52.6%) and lesser curvature (short axis; 39.8%).
The en bloc resection rate was 94.7% (n = 126); however, the complete resection rate on pathology was lower (69.7%; n = 92). The average lesion size was 1.20 (IQR, 0.80–2.00) cm, and the average specimen size was 2.60 (IQR, 2.10–3.50) cm. The average lesion size (1.10 [IQR, 0.80–1.70] cm vs 2.00 [IQR, 0.88–2.43] cm; P = .040) was significantly larger in the multiple ER group than in the single ER group (Table 1).
3.2 LGD and HGD
According to the pathological type of the initial gastric adenoma, HGD group had a higher proportion of men than LGD group (79.3% vs 53.8%; P = .014) (Table 2). Further, 10.3% of the HGDs were diagnosed as early gastric cancer (EGC) after ER owing to upgraded histological discrepancies. The downgraded histological discrepancy rate for HGD was also 10.3%, which was higher than that for LGD (P = .032). In addition, the size of specimen in HGD group was larger than that of the LGD group (P = .009). All HGDs were removed via ESD. The recurrence rate was 19.2% (n = 20/104) in LGD and 24.1% (n = 7/29) in HGD. In other items, there was no significant difference between HGD and LGD (P>.05) (Table 2).
3.3 Recurrence: synchronous and metachronous neoplasms
During the study period, 27 gastric adenomas (20.3%) were identified as synchronous and metachronous neoplasms. There were 3 recurrences in 1 patient and 1 recurrence in all other patients. No local recurrence was observed in the ESD site and only synchronous/metachronous recurrence in the other site was analyzed. The patients’ baseline characteristics are shown in Table 3. There were 11 cases of synchronous (40.7%) and 16 cases of metachronous neoplasms (59.3%): 19 cases (70.4%) in LGD, 6 cases (22.2%) in HGD, and 2 cases (7.4%) in EGC. Among the initial pathological findings at the first ER, HGD was more frequent pathological finding in the metachronous recurrence group compared with that in the synchronous group (LGD [synchronous lesion, 81.8% vs metachronous lesion, 62.5%], HGD [0.0% vs 37.5%], EGC [18.2% vs 0.0%]; P = .016). However, there was no significant difference among the pathological findings at recurrence, such as LGD, HGD, and EGC, between the synchronous and metachronous recurring lesions (P > .05) (Table 3). Additionally, there was no significant difference in sex and age between the synchronous and metachronous lesion groups (P > .05). The most common type of endoscopic gross finding was also flat lesion in both groups (synchronous lesion, 63.6% vs metachronous lesion, 56.3%). The metachronous lesions tended to have more atrophic changes (18.2% vs 31.3%) than the synchronous lesions; however, IM (72.7% vs 62.5%) and gastritis (9.1% vs 6.3%) were similar compared with the synchronous lesions (P > .05). H. pylori infections were also more common in the metachronous lesions, although the difference was not significant (18.2% vs 43.8%; P = .231). Both synchronous and metachronous lesions were mainly located at the antrum (27.3% vs 50.0%) and greater curvature (36.4% vs 31.3%) as solitary lesions. The en bloc resection rate was 100.0%; however, the pathological complete resection rate for the synchronous lesions was lower than those for the overall mean and metachronous lesions (60.0% vs 68.8%; P = .692).
3.4 Risk factors of tumor recurrence after ER
Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors of recurrence after ER (Table 4). In the univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, IM (HR, 3.023; 95% CI, 1.233–7.407; P
= .016) and lesion size (HR, 1.746; 95% CI, 1.166–2.615; P
= .007) were found to be significant factors for recurrence. Of the variables, IM and lesion size significantly increased the risk in the multivariate analysis. The adjusted HR for IM was 2.761 (95% CI, 1.117–6.820; P = .028), and that for the lesion size was 1.607 (95% CI, 1.082–2.385; P = .019). The initial pathological findings before resection were not significant risk factors of recurrence (P
= .809). The median duration for recurrence was 2.23 years. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the adenoma recurrence rate according to the presence of gastric mucosal atrophy, IM, and gastritis in the log-rank curve (P = .030) (Fig. 1).
This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and long-term outcomes of gastric adenomas after ER. The characteristics of gastric adenomas and risk factors of recurrence after ER have been reported. However, previous studies[7,24,25] have analyzed gastric adenomas with EGC; conversely, this study only included gastric adenomas. Herein, the median duration of recurrence was 2.23 years, and adenomas could recur as cancers (7/133, 5.26%); our recurrence rate was 20.3%. Further, IM and lesion size significantly increased the recurrence risk.
The incidence of synchronous or metachronous neoplasm after ER was 3.0 to 20.9%.[7,26,27] One study reported the frequency of metachronous neoplasm according to the gastric adenoma grade, that is, 2.3% in LGD and 8.3% in HGD. In this study, the incidence of synchronous and metachronous lesions was 8.3% and 12.0% after ER, respectively. The incidence of metachronous neoplasm according to the gastric adenoma grade was 9.6% (10/104) for LGD and 20.7% (6/29) for HGD. This is similar to or slightly higher than the results of a previous study.
Several studies have investigated the risk factors of recurrence after ER for gastric neoplasm. Severe atrophy and IM were reported as risk factors of synchronous and metachronous gastric neoplasms after ER for gastric adenoma. IM was also identified as a significant risk factor in this study. This is consistent with the findings of previous studies because IM is a precursor lesion of gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma. It is the conversion of epithelium into other types of epithelium similar to that found in the intestines. Shichijo et al reported that the cumulative 5-year incidence of gastric cancer in IM was 3.2%. Therefore, the residual gastric mucosa with IM can increase the risk of tumor recurrence after ER.
Some studies have investigated the relationship between the gastric lesion size and gastric neoplasm recurrence. Most metachronous gastric adenocarcinomas and HGD frequently recurred when the lesion was larger than 2 cm in size. Similarly, in our study also showed that the gastric neoplasm size was significantly associated with increased recurrence risk.
The recurrence rates after ER among LGD, HGD, and EGC did not differ significantly. Similarly, our study showed that the initial pathology did not affect the recurrence. Further, a history of EGC also did not increase the recurrence risk. Both synchronous and metachronous lesions could occur if LGD is present after the first ESD. Cancer may develop as metachronous lesions even if diagnosed as gastric adenoma in the first ESD. In this study, among the patients with metachronous recurring lesion, the proportion of cases recurred as EGC was 31.3% (5/16), which was relatively high compared with 18.2% for the synchronous recurring lesions.
Our study showed the characteristics of the patients with adenoma who underwent ER, including the biopsy discrepancy and ESD pathology. Further, 10.6% of the lesions diagnosed as LGD in forceps biopsy were diagnosed as HGD or EGC after ESD; 10.3% of HGDs diagnosed in forceps biopsy were diagnosed as cancer after ESD, which is similar to previous results. Unlike previous studies, we analyzed only gastric adenomas and conducted long-term follow-up after ER from 2010 to 2018. Therefore, we determined the risk factors of gastric adenoma recurrence and mean duration of the recurrence. More careful endoscopic observation is needed for patients with recurrent risk factors, and a sufficient endoscopic follow-up period is required.
However, our study has several limitations. First, this was a retrospective study conducted in a single center; thus, selection bias may occur. The patients did not have the same endoscopic follow-up period owing to the different preferences of the practitioner. Second, we did not perform screening endoscopy again for all cases, particularly in cases wherein the gastric adenoma was found in a local clinic hospital, which were then transferred to the ER of our hospital. Thus, the possibility that some gastric adenomas already existed cannot be ruled out. However, we examined the entire stomach at the same time as ER to identify other lesions, there was no significant effect on the outcome. Third, all histological findings were not confirmed by the same pathologist. Some patients who underwent biopsy in a local clinic hospital did not bring the tissue slide but only pathological readings. Therefore, there may be discrepancy in some pathological readings.
There is no clear guideline regarding the endoscopic surveillance period after ER of gastric adenomas. In EGC, the average time to metachronous gastric cancer after ER was 3.1 (range, 1–8.6) years. Herein, the median follow-up period of the patients with metachronous lesions was 2098 (range, 1290–2539) days (more than 5 years after ER).
In conclusion, synchronous/metachronous tumors may occur in any patient, including those with LGD and HGD, after ER of gastric adenoma; thus, it is necessary to follow up patients at a high risk carefully. The recurrence risk after ER of gastric adenoma may be relatively high when there is severe IM and large lesion.
Guarantor of the article: Yong Eun Park
Jin Lee: study concept and design; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Jongha Park: study concept and design; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Su Jin Jeong: study concept and design; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Tae Hyung Kim: study concept and design; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Tae Oh Kim: study concept and design; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Tae Young Park: acquisition of data; analysis and interpretation of data; drafting of the manuscript.
Yong Eun Park: acquisition of data; study concept and design; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
All authors approved the final version of the article, including the authorship list.
Yong Eun Park orcid: 0000-0003-4274-8204.
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domain: health


Advocate for bike lanes on city roads
Many cities around the world are increasingly exploring the idea of introducing dedicated cycle lanes on urban roads to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality and encourage well-being. However, despite the rise of cycling for daily commuting in recent years, any project to implement a new cycle path is invariably opposed.
Arguing for the need for cycle lanes, landscape architect and urban designer, Dr Mike Harris of the UNSW School of the Built Environment says their benefits are undisputed.
“When you look at what cycling infrastructure does for cities, whether it’s for congestion, climate or people’s well-being, it’s clear that it’s hugely beneficial in so many ways,” says Dr. Harris, who accuses the opposition to bike lanes of having misconceptions about their impact. on motorists.
Relieves traffic jams
“Cycling actually reduces congestion. You can move more people with bicycles than with cars in less space.
A study by the Greater London Authority shows that cycle lanes move five times more people per hour than car-only lanes. Locally, data from the NSW Road and Marine Services indicates that Sydney City cycle lanes carry more people during morning rush hour than adjacent car lanes of the same width.
“A lot of our streets are already dedicated to cars,” says Dr Harris. “Separated cycle lanes, in particular, reduce traffic congestion for those who need to use cars. So if the goal is to reduce traffic congestion for cars in cities, then we need more bike lanes, not less.
“No one is suggesting that everyone should cycle all the time. It’s about removing some of the general population who want to get out of car lanes. That, in turn, gives space back to those who need to use their car,” he says.
“Everyone is talking about improving traffic during school holidays. We could achieve this permanently with a network of separate cycle paths.
Positive impact on the environment
Commenting on the impact of cycle lanes on the environment, Dr Harris says replacing car journeys with cycle journeys is also more effective at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality and reduce urban heat.
Better for local businesses
Cycle lanes can also boost local businesses with a study from the University of Melbourne revealing how parking bikes generated more revenue for businesses per hour than parking cars.
“Research shows that cyclists tend to spend more money locally,” says Dr Harris. “They buy things more frequently because they can easily stop and walk into a store in a heartbeat.”
“Cycling infrastructure is self-financing. Every kilometer someone drives in a car costs the economy. But every kilometer cycled is an economic benefit for the community.
Bike lanes also improve road safety. “As the rate of cycling increases, traffic accidents decrease per capita, as more and more people become aware that cyclists share the road. Having separate cycle lanes also improves safety for cyclists and those numbers. »
However, the lack of safe cycle paths also hampers the adoption of cycling as a mode of transport. Therefore, having strong cycling networks is essential to achieving a meaningful shift to cycling in the long term.
“At least half of the population say they would like to cycle for at least some of their trips. However, they will only do this if there is a dedicated infrastructure,” says Dr Harris.
Funding for cycling infrastructure
Opponents of bikeways often wonder how new infrastructure will be funded.
“Funding for road infrastructure comes from general revenue, so everyone pays whether you use it or not, including cyclists. It would be like asking pedestrians to pay a special fee for trails,” says Dr Harris.
A recent study by Dr Harris suggests that politics, rather than a lack of evidence, appears to be a major challenge to implementing more cycling infrastructure.
He says it is always essential to consult and work on implementing such projects with locals, referring to recent decisions by the City of Melbourne to halt cycle lane development as counterproductive in the long term. .
“Cities that now have cycling as a leading mode of transport have had to very consciously plan and deliver a cycling network over a few decades. Now the benefits are clear: quieter, healthier and safer cities.”
Ultimately, says Dr. Harris, if we want people to return to city centers after COVID, public spaces and the quality of streets need to improve. And that means putting people first.
“Certainly better cycling infrastructure is key to this renaissance.”


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domain: entertainment


June 20, 2017 (El Cajon) - At the next Friday night Dinner & a Concert on June 23, dance to hippie rock music by the group “Summer of Love” from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. The 2017 season of “Dinner & a Concert” is held outdoors at the Prescott Promenade, 201 E. Main Street, now through September 29. Arrive early to dine at one of many great restaurants downtown, or bring your picnic and lawn chairs.
June 14, 2017 (Alpine) – Viejas Casino and Resort has lined up chart-toppers from every genre, past and present for its summer-long open air concerts in the park. The season opens with country music superstar sensation Martina McBride on July 3rd.
50 years as organist/pianist at The Table: United Church of Christ of La Mesa
By Mary Domb Mikkelson
June 13, 2017 (La Mesa) -- A national treasure right in our midst-- that’s the incomparable Valerie Victor, organist/pianist at The Table: United Church of Christ of La Mesa (UCCLM).
Born in National City (as were her mother and grandmother), Valerie was seven when she started to play the piano, eight when her elementary school music teacher asked that she not return to class – it was “too easy” for her. Taken on as the teacher’s private student for the next seven years, young Valerie thrived. Another teacher followed, working with her for the next 25 – 30 years. Once a month a “bonus” was added: organ lessons.
Photo: Creative commons image by Bernard Gagnon via Wikipedia
June 12, 2017 (San Diego) -- San Diego County Library and The San Diego Museum of Art are partnering to provide free museum passes to library customers. This innovative partnership allows library customers to check out a pass for the museum just as they would a book.
June 8, 2017 (La Mesa) –The Dr. William C. Herrick Community Health Care Library, a consumer health library at 9001 Wakarusa St. in La Mesa, is now presenting its Spring 2017 art exhibit featuring 37 photographs shot by three amateur photographers who work as laboratory scientists at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa. The show runs through June 30. The photographers include Celeste Saxer of Santee, Mary Peddecord of Del Cerro and Cari Gallenson of Carmel Valley.
June 6, 2017 (San Diego) – The San Diego Concert Band, based in East County, will host upcoming summer concerts at La Mesa’s Harry Griffen Park, an Independence celebration at St. Dunstan’s Episcopal Church in San Carlos, and at the Organ Pavilion in Balboa Park. Below are details:
June 5, 2017 (San Diego's East County) - There is something particularly galling when a writer and supposed historian pens a screenplay and intentionally distorts history for the purposes of modern day sensibilities. In this case, that sensibility is rampant in the portrayal of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill - under a childish modern notion of human interaction and motivation.
June 1, 2017 (Lemon Grove)—Muevete Dance Studio in Lemon Grove (3338 Main St.) presents a Zapateados “fundraiser” on the fourth Friday each month from June through August. These events showcase dance styles from various regions in Mexico, showcasing talented dancers from Ballet Folklorico en Aztlan. All shows are free, starting at 7 pm.
June 1, 2017 (Julian) --Sons of the American Legion will present the 11th annual Julian Dance on June 10th from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. The backcountry dance and barbecue features music by Three Chord Justice and the California Rangers, a large dance floor, plus dinner slow-cooked Santa Maria style over open oak-wood flames.
This event is described as a “throwback to a simpler time with twinkly lights and bonfires backdropped by dark mountain skies,” a time for mountain residents and visitors to get together for a great time.
Photo: artist, Bob Teague (left) with Kenneth Tinsley, a member of the committee who helped with the installation.
May 30, 2017 (Ramona) – A dedication ceremony for the “Country Lifestyle Mural,” sponsored by the San Diego Country Estates Association, will be held on Saturday, June 3, 2017, beginning at 10 a.m. at the site of the mural at 325 10th Street, Ramona CA 92065. The public is invited to attend. In addition to refreshments, attendees will receive a picture of the mural, autographed by the artist.
May 27, 2017 (Sycuan) – Superstars On Stage will be performing at Sycuan’s Live & Up Close theatre on July 7 and 8.”Incredible costumes, choreography and the best tribute artists in the world recreate the magical, on-stage performances of some of the biggest stars to ever grace the stage,” a press release from Sycuan states. Tribute artists appearing as Tina Turner, Rod Stewart, Whitney Houston and Elvis perform their greatest hits in this high-energy Las Vegas style production show.
May 26, 2017 (La Mesa) - Lamplighters has been entertaining La Mesa and its surrounding communities since 1937. On Sunday, June 11, they're inviting you to celebrate their 80th anniversary with a gala from 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. at the La Mesa Women's Club.
May 24, 2017 (San Diego) -- Pack some popcorn and gather up family and friends for Summer Movies in the Park. The fun, family-friendly – and free! – series officially kicks off this season with “Moana” at Waterfront Park on Friday, May 26. Many showings coming up are at parks in East County, starting with a showing of “Rogue One: A Star Wars Story” in Dos Picos Park in Ramona on Saturday, May 27.
May 18, 2017 (San Diego) - Sycuan Casino is pleased to announce this year’s Summer of Sycuan concert series. Kicking off the summer series is world-famous drummer Sheila E. performing at Sycuan on Friday, June 9. Multi-platinum music group Bell Biv DeVoe will follow with three shows on consecutive nights, June 26, 27 and 28.
May 18, 2017, (La Mesa) - A fresh look at the old master. The Taming of the Shrew was one of Shakespeare's first plays. Director Brian Richel envisioned the play taking place in a brewery. I’m not quite sure it added anything to the story for me. But the play itself does work.
May 12, 2017 (Lemon Grove) – The Lemon Grove Library at 3001 School Lane in Lemon Grove is hosting “Art Days: Celebrate Art in the Grove!” The series opens with a lecture May 15th on the marvelous murals of Lemon Grove.
Additional upcoming events include an opportunity for teens to created melted crayon art, a preschool art show, and after school art. Scroll down for full details.
May 12, 2017 (La Mesa) – You’re invited to come out and enjoy the line-up of local bands at La Mesa’s “Sundays at Six” free summer concert series each Sunday night from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. from June 11-July 23.
May 12, 2017 (Spring Valley) - Not everything is black and white. If you have never had the opportunity to watch Into the Woods, it can be complex and difficult to follow. The more I see it, the more I love it. For some reason, it's one of those shows that resonates with me. Perhaps the show points out we are not on out path in life alone.
May 8, 2017 (El Cajon) - If you have not seen the play version of The Addam's Family, you are missing a classic. The same loveable characters are brought to life in a romantic comedy with little Wednesday all grown up and in love, comedy- you cannot help but laugh at with those old favorites.
May 9, 2017 (El Cajon) -- It’s going to be hard to stay still in those Sycuan Casino concert seats with the hit band Loverboy pumping out the bass, the vocals, and the memories at their concerts this weekend! “Turn Me Loose” or turn you loose, with flickering lights and almost karaoke night for all those who know every word of their songs.
Video, above: Open fiddling competition 2016 champion Shira Ellison in her winning performance
May 2, 2017 (Julian) -- Each year, the town of Julian comes alive with the sounds of music—fiddle music, along with banjos, guitars, mandolins and mountain dulcimers at the annual Julian Fiddle and Pickin’ Contest.
This year’s event will be held on Saturday, May 20th at the Julian Town Hall, plus on Friday night a Texas-style fiddle workshop will be led by two-time national grand fiddle champion Matthew Hartz. (For details and a schedule visit www.SanDiegoFiddler.org)
Recently we’re seeing a revival of interest in the art of fiddling and more broadly, a Renaissance in traditional music both regionally and nationally.
May 1, 2017 (San Diego) -- “When imagination walks, she writes letters to the earth,” reads an excerpt from J. Ruth Gendler’s The Book of Qualities. Her book is quoted in sermons and speeches, turned into theatrical pieces, and kept on bedside stands to be read before retiring. Commendable for a book that got its start as a self-published book in 1984 and now has over a quarter of a million copies in print.
April 29, 2017 (San Diego’s East County) - The Baja Blues Boys, known for their original acoustic and electric blues plus roots, Americana and party music, will be performing in several local venues over the next month including locations in La Mesa, Santa Ysabel and Poway.
April 19, 2017 (San Diego) -- Husband and wife musical duo Jon and Sabine Sherman will be presenting the world premiere of their eco-folk musical play “Dryad: an Eco-Folk Musical in One Magical Act” at the beautiful Mission Trails Regional Park Amphitheater on Earth Day, Saturday, April 22 at 3:00 p.m.
April 18, 2017 (Santee) - The Santee Craft, Vendor and Food Fair will be held Saturday, April 29 from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Summit Unitarian Universalist Fellowship, 8778 Cottonwood Avenue in Santee. Guests can shop for Mother’s Day handcrafted gifts, including hand-made art dolls, origami owl jewelry, bracelets, Donald Trump pussycat toys, Avon and MaryKay cosmetics, PartyLite, warming bags, ceramics, hand-made oak crafts and more. Hand-made tamales and fruit waters will also be available.
April 17, 2017 (San Diego) – On April 29th at 1 p.m., The Sara Spencer Washington Story, an award winning short documentary about the life of noted black businesswoman, philanthropist, and political activist Sara Spencer Washington will have its San Diego premiere as part of the San Diego Black Film Festival.
April 10, 2017 (San Diego) - The Armenian genocide was a horrific event in September of 1915 in which Turkish forces (then still under the control of the Ottoman Empire) slaughtered thousands of Armenian men, women and children. Director Terry George attempted to put this tragedy on screen in The Promise,starring Oscar Isaac, Christian Bale and Charlotte Le Bon.
April 10, 2017 (San Diego) – East County Magazine interviewed actor Victor Crosswaite Contreras, a member of Descendants of Early San Diego. There’s still time to enter a script-writing competition by May 31st for this year’s TwainFest in Old Town. Scripts should bring to life an early resident of the San Diego region in the 1800s. In our interview, Contreras shares details –and delivers a dramatic reading of one of last year’s winning scripts, depicting famed bandito Joaquin Murrieta.


(Jacob Bruns, Headline USA) In the name of making so-called just and equitable standards, the Baltimore Public School System is failing to teach elementary literacy to its students, Fox News Baltimore reported.
Recent reports have indicated that the problem has been present for a long time, and that it is only getting worse.
According to Baltimore resident, 41-year-old Debora Prestileo, she still struggles to read after graduating from a Baltimore high school in 1999. Prestileo said she is embarrassed by her lack of education.
“It’s embarrassing sometimes,” she told Project Baltimore. “Going into stores, like if I go into Walmart, and I’ve got to ask for help. Sometimes people laugh at me.”
She also said that she struggles to pay bills and organize her life because of the difficulties she has reading and writing.
“My life is hard. When you can’t read your mail, you can’t read nothing, it’s hard,” she said.
When asked about her schooling experience, Prestileo commented on the low quality of instruction she received, which was clearly intended to push her through the system rather than teach her to read and write.
“Some teachers would give me, like if we’re taking a test, they would give me the paper, so I can write the answers down, so I wouldn’t fail the class. And I’m like, ‘well, that’s not teaching me, that’s just helping me cheat,’” Prestileo said.
Like any “industry” that is subject to arbitrary standards, public education has become about meeting statistical goals and not doing the job well.
As a result, kids in Baltimore are being sent through without an education.
“They passed me. They just passed me along to get me out of the school,” she continued. “They knew I didn’t know how to read. They knew I didn’t know how to do a lot of stuff. But they didn’t care.”
“To this day, I still get laughed at and talked about, ‘oh this person don’t know how to read,’ Prestileo concluded.


The Herefordshire Council Cabinet meeting 16 November 2017: The South Wye Transport Package Compulsory Purchase Orders (CPOs)
We demonstrated our determination to object to the Hereford Transport Package as it stands. We witnessed the ineptitude of council management and were forewarned about the missing fact-based current, professional, independent, cost-benefit analysis on which to recommend a development. Your primary questions were all asked but received few satisfactory answers.
City congestion remains the issue but Council will not solve it with bigger roads. More traffic will lead to increased pollution and greater health costs. The required solutions include better public transport, a mass transit system and sustainable transport measures. The capital management and initial modelling should be upgraded to include a full cost benefit analysis including human health costs and attaching higher value to biodiversity and unique habitats.
The result of the meeting was a done-deal. Cabinet members had little or no intention of discussing the pros and cons of the matter in public. They met with the sole intention of pressing ahead with their antiquarian plan for increasing road capacity at any cost: more traffic pollution and another blank cheque for the property developers. You can forget better public transport options because they wrote-off modern transport solutions, including trams with a survey, now 16 years out of date. The councillor for infrastructure demonstrated his ignorance on current transport research and development with his instant dismissal of any talk of city trams. Buses are not profitable for the private sector and funds are short. The 62% fall in bus and coach services crossing the bridge over the last five years reflects a dereliction of public duty to provide adequate and affordable transport options to school children and their commuting parents.
Future Congestion Issues Denied
The Southern route is all part of the Western Bypass and the plan for M5/6 traffic relief along the A49. However this motorway congestion relief is not reflected in any public traffic modelling used by the council to build its case and future cost-benefit analysis. If it was, it would show a marked increase in congestion and defeat the object of the bypass. The current models assume a 29% increase in road usage over the period reflecting the new households but not the motorway relief.
Based on published Highways Agency traffic counts on select points of the motorways and the A49 we observed annual traffic flows are ten times higher on the M5/M6. This is clear evidence, even to a layman, that 10% relief of the motorway would double A49 through-traffic and a more financially attractive 20% level of motorway relief would see a trebling of total traffic volume using the A49. Worse still is the volume of HGV traffic using the A49. This will increase 5-7 times with the proposed relief of M5/M6 motorway traffic assuming the 20% level.
These figures were described as pure speculation by the Councillor for infrastructure, but he did not have any non-speculative estimates of motorway traffic relief volumes. The Council is in denial about future congestion issues claiming it is for economic benefit but failing to demonstrate them. The models used were produced without any meaningful motorway relief volumes.
Our initial observations are consistent with historic data. CPRE reports demonstrate bypasses increase congestion. Proposed motorway relief traffic will flood new networks as capacity is increased. City traffic will only get worse as a result of 26% increase in city housing. The financial case for the southern link road has not been made clear to the public in any consultation.
The cost-benefit analysis will exclude future health costs arising from ill health related to fine particulate pollution from motorway traffic and commuting in private cars. These health cost are not included. Why? Because current planning procedure ignores the increased fatality rates in polluted cities and cost of treating humans suffering from mental or physical complaints related to ingestion of diesel particulates and inactive lifestyles, despite generations of research and new government guidelines.
Whilst capital costs run riot, budgets based on ill-defined estimates will prevail because according to Councillor Price for Infrastructure, ‘that is how they do it in the public sector’. (They plan to start with a stab in the dark and end up with a much bigger cost guided by their cost-plus contracted consultant Balfour Beatty). Don’t ask for a fixed cost or a guaranteed cost because it is not industry practice for public sector works. Why not? Because, this Councils’ advisors says so and Council is guided by construction industry consultants (with substantial conflicts of interest).
In fact it is industry practise to fix prices where possible, but fixed cost contracts cost more at the outset because the contractors take on more risk and the project parameters are better defined. This potentially provides better cost definition for the public purse and better management of long term development contracts. With the current city link road originally designed to cost £27m but coming in at £34m we would be silly not to ask if all new projects can be expected to rise 25%-50% under their methods of capital management.
Lack of Due Diligence
The meeting was well attended by the public who submitted many questions, 30 of which were accepted for discussion although the Cabinet tried to defer discussion to just a fraction given their derisory 15 minute time constraint for public questions. After a polite but stern response from the gallery Council was forced to listen to the full list of 30 questions.
If we learned anything on Thursday, it was that Cllr Price is not in command of the details of his portfolio. He did not respond in detail to questions on costs-benefit analysis, health issues arising from greater HGV volumes or indeed the basic traffic modelling data. What is he doing running a portfolio without the wherewithal to retain and communicate the key facts? Time and time again he merely pointed to out-dated and inadequate traffic models published before the issue of M5/M6 traffic relief and the A465 improvements were included. Time and time again he brushed aside questions on the cost benefit model that exclude human health costs and environmental costs.
This scheme is going ahead without a proper public consultation on the traffic implications because the responsible parties do not have the figures at hand or most likely, like the environmental biodiversity data, Cabinet plans to withhold relevant factual reports until after the decisions are made to proceed.
This is poor governance and would be treated with appropriate redress in the world of private business but because its public works it is duly noted and ignored. The emergence of a Marches LEP Loan document due for repayment, that became a grant, during the course of the meeting, then a loan based on freedom of information disclosures. The CFO finance was not aware of the shenanigans but will catch up in the next meeting with the Marches LEP. Meanwhile the public witnessed a perfect example of the duplicity of council management.


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A novel mutation in the aristaless domain of the ARX gene leads to Ohtahara syndrome, global developmental delay, and ambiguous genitalia in males and neuropsychiatric disorders in females.
Epilepsia, 52, 984-92 (2011)
Effects of regional brain injury on the newborn autonomic nervous system.
Early human development, 90, 893-6 (2014)
Corticosteroid therapy in regressive autism: a retrospective study of effects on the Frequency Modulated Auditory Evoked Response (FMAER), language, and behavior.
BMC neurology, 14, 70 (2014)
Copy number variation plays an important role in clinical epilepsy.
Annals of neurology, 75, 943-58 (2014)
Medical management with diazepam for electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep in children.
Pediatric neurology, 50, 238-42 (2014)
The use of MRI-guided laser-induced thermal ablation for epilepsy.
Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 29, 2089-94 (2013)
The frequency modulated auditory evoked response (FMAER), a technical advance for study of childhood language disorders: cortical source localization and selected case studies.
BMC neurology, 13, 12 (2013)
Early thalamic lesions in patients with sleep-potentiated epileptiform activity.
Neurology, 78, 1721-7 (2012)
Short-term response of sleep-potentiated spiking to high-dose diazepam in electric status epilepticus during sleep.
Pediatric neurology, 46, 312-8 (2012)
Experience with rufinamide in a pediatric population: a single center's experience.
Pediatric neurology, 43, 155-8 (2010)

domain: literature


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Have you noticed yourself feeling increasingly sad or indifferent about life? Here are 5 signs you should consider visiting a depression treatment center.
Theatrhythm Final Fantasy Site Launched
Theatrhythm Final Fantasy, a 3DS rhythm game by Square Enix which came out earlier this year, has got itself a website. The website has a “Coming Soon” description and a few notes. Rumors are that the game is being ports to Android/iOS, but nothing at this time is confirmed.
Source – Gematsu

domain: game


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The Weekender: October 13-15
Happy Friday! It is Serena’s birthday today — she is turning 2! So hard to believe how big she is getting — I love watching her grow. Today we are going to music class, and then I’m sure we’ll hit up a few playgrounds and see a few friends. We hope you have a wonderful weekend! Here are our top picks for what to do around town:
Fort Point Open Studios. We always love open studios. So much fun chatting with artists and hearing about their work, and it’s an amazing way to find something for your own home that you have a real connection to! This weekend is the 38th annual Open Studios in Fort Point. There are so many wonderful artists living and working in Fort Point, and their Open Studios is such a great way to spend a day! Check out the new public installation from Gianna Stewart — an iceberg floating in Fort Point Channel. See the artist listing, schedule, and other information here.
MFA Late Nites. The MFA kicks off its new series of Late Nites tonight from 8pm-2am. Advance tickets are sold out but there will be some available at the door at 8pm ($20). This evening’s festivities include a chef showdown, a moonlit beer garden, a rap slam, drawing, meditation sessions, and a peek at the new Takashi Murakami exhibition, plus other ongoing exhibitions. How fun!
HUBweek. There are lots of events around the city and especially in City Hall Plaza as part of HUBweek. The domes and shipping containers set up at City Hall have really transformed the space! Take a look at the schedule here — registration is required but many events are free.
Fall Foliage. The weather the last few days has us finally believing that it’s fall! It is peak fall foliage season! Getting out of the city or into one of our green spaces this weekend to admire the beautiful colors is high on our list. Enjoy!
Do you have an upcoming event that you’d like to see listed on The Weekender? To be considered, send us a note at firstname.lastname@example.org. Have a wonderful weekend!

domain: hobby


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Why is translation or interpretation useful in healthcare?
By Elodie Charvet, Lingolet Team
As the United States becomes more and more diverse, so do the languages we speak. Today, more than 25 million Americans speak English “less than very well,” according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
The importance of medical translation and interpretation comes from the necessity to provide proper health care services to those US citizens who do not speak English.
Studies show the impact of language barriers on health care. LEP patients have a 63% greater chance of readmission and a typical hospital stay is 1.5 days longer. In the emergency room, the LEP patient stays 20% longer and incurs 40% higher ER test charges.
4 reasons why health care providers need medical interpreters :
1- Communication for full understanding. A professional medical interpreter improves understanding and compliance at each step the patient takes through their healthcare journey. There is zero-tolerance for mistakes in healthcare. An incorrect translation might harm someone’s health or well-being. Unbiased accurate communication.
2- Patients often need to make important decisions. Communicating with patients through a professional medical interpreter removes any emotional bias or additional family trauma and ensures the correct information is shared.
3- Comprehension improves patient satisfaction. The more the patient understands and acknowledges, the higher the satisfaction score. LEP patient satisfaction scores tend to be lower than English speakers because they don’t comprehend the experience, procedure, treatment, or care.
4 - Comply with laws and regulations. The adoption of Title IV of the Civil Rights Act stipulates that the provision of interpretation to patients who do not speak English is mandatory and all health care institutions should abide.
Learn more about medical translation:
Why are medical translation errors unacceptable, and how can they be avoided
Is there a difference in medical language between Quebec French and French from France?

domain: medical


This custom Bobber is currently being built. It will have custom paint, x pipe with custom wrap, 16" apes, WWW tires, NRC undertail, and much more. Keep checking in on this one of a kind bike coming soon! #triumphguru
The ePrice for this 2017 Triumph Bonneville Bobber Base is only $0!


It turned out that both the space and the floor challenges were intertwined… and that the solution would create additional challenges.
Using stands, rear projection and a complex CAD-modeling.
To ensure a vibration-free projection the technical equipment would need to be placed on stands resting on the concrete floor beneath the raised floor; a 60cm space full of wires, cables and pipes.
To create a 3.6m wide projection area through rear projection and mirror reflection, a 3.6m wide glass screen would have to be mounted in the room’s wall and a 4K projector and a 2m * 1,2m large mirror would have to be installed behind the glass screen. As such an installation demands extra precision to avoid problematic second projections, the mirror’s and the projector’s exact positions have to be meticulously calculated.
NANCO was now facing the challenge of placing a 4K projector and a large mirror at only one and precise position on stands through a raised floor compact with cables and cooling elements. In order to succeed with this task, NANCO created an advanced CAD-model based on the premises and the planned setup.
HUMlab-X has now a display studio consisting of a 3.6m * 1.8m landscape 4K projection area created through rear projection and a reflecting mirror. Adjacent is a 1.8m * 2.1m portrait projection area created by two rear projecting mono projectors with soft edge overlaping. All vibration-free and without second reflection for maximum experience.


We knew that Jim Harbaugh would respond to the recent NCAA vote to ban satellite camps. That was a certainty. Even with the Michigan head coach's history of lashing out, we wouldn't have predicted just how hard Harbaugh swung back in response. In an interview with Sports Illustrated's Michael Rosenberg, Harbaugh slams the NCAA, and even the term "student-athlete" in light of the vote.
As Harbaugh tells SI : "The incompetence of the NCAA has reared its ugly head yet again."
Harbaugh says the ruling was "knee-jerk ... like somebody was shaving in the morning, cut themselves when they were shaving and said, 'Let's just ban satellite camps.'
"I mean, what's it based on? A survey? There wasn't a lot of discussion or study. What are the facts? What are the perils and merits of making that decision? It just seemed lacking in that regard."
Satellite camps are no new concept, but Harbaugh put a special emphasis on them after taking over at Michigan, with a specific target on the Southeast, home of many ACC and SEC power programs.
"During the NCAA basketball tournament we discuss the term 'student-athlete' ad nauseam in promoting our governing institution and our member institutions. Then, when we have an opportunity to truly promote the 'student-athlete' with a concept shared by educators and football men from all backgrounds, our leadership goes into hiding.
"I suggest we drop the term 'student-athlete' for consistency."
Harbaugh wasn't afraid to take targeted swipes at rival coaches either, specifically Ole Miss head coach Hugh Freeze who recently defended the decision.
"It seems to be outrage by the SEC and ACC," Harbaugh says. "They power-brokered that out ... the image that comes to my mind is guys in a back room smoking cigars, doing what they perceive is best for them. It certainly isn't the best thing for the youngsters. It's not the best thing for the student-athletes."
Harbaugh saw Ole Miss coach Hugh Freeze say, "I'm away from my family enough, and I just did not want to go," and it did not sit well with him.
Says Harbaugh: "You've got a guy sitting in a big house, making $5 million a year, saying he does not want to sacrifice his time. That is not a kindred spirit to me. What most of these coaches are saying is they don't want to work harder."
While some may assume Harbaugh is the coach affected most, he's done a great job at Michigan so far, and that program rarely needs help on the recruiting trail. He'll get his players. This really hurts small schools that aren't in talent-rich areas this most, and players who aren't in position to receive the exposure that those in places like Florida, Georgia, and Texas receive. We'll see if Harbaugh's complaints hold real weight, or if they will just fall on deaf ears.


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I am a Singer/Songwriter coming from a performing arts background in theatre dance and music. My approach to group leading is inclusive and welcoming. I firmly believe that singing is for everyone.
Land and Sea singing group (St Just, west Cornwall) is a strong community of people who love music and sharing songs together. Repertoire follows the seasons and represents the interests of the group. We have also begun to create a repertoire of original songs inspired by singing walks. Sessions are currently weekly on Zoom. Places are limited to preserve the intimate and relaxed feeling of the group, but potential new members are encouraged to get in touch.
Parkinson’s ‘Sing for Fun’ is an hour-long weekly session, currently on Zoom, spaces available. This is a chance to sing Cornish songs, musical theatre, shanties, folk, jazz and pop. The session starts with a good warm-up and tools to maintain and improve vocal health, with particular focus on Parkinson’s issues such as quiet voice and foggy tone. This is a wonderfully friendly group who have lots of fun!
I am a vocal coach offering one-to-one or small group sessions for all ages. I have a good track record with mentoring young singers and songwriters. I work with professional singers and those who are singing for pleasure, including people who are not sure if they can sing. It is never too late to bring the joy of singing into your life. At present we will be on Zoom, outdoor sessions are also a possibility, “Singing on a rock” beach sessions will soon be offered (chairs allowed!).
Kelsey began leading singing groups on moving to Cornwall in 2003, where she became involved in the vibrant community arts scene in and around Penzance. Starting with a group at Bosavern community farm, she then ran a group for teenage girls, and started Land and Sea Singing groups in St Just and Penzance in west Cornwall. Kelsey organises regular singing walks, and writes songs for and with her groups which reflect the seasons and the wild beauty of Cornwall. All groups are currently online.


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“The fact that I'm playing a multitude of woodwinds is actually very good practice. When I’m doing some exercises on, say, the bass sax, I often unconsciously also work on areas adaptable to the tenor or baritone. And I do feel quite strongly that you can never say your sound is perfect and needs no further adjustment. So I’m still searching,” states our tall, bearded man. In this, he acts like the archetypal Finn asked to comment upon his own art: modest and down-to-earth. But this particular saxophonist/composer has achieved much more than most of his contemporaries. He has led his own groups ever since the 1980s, served under bandleaders such as Edward Vesala and Anthony Braxton, and made himself a name as a flexible sessioneer. He was the 1984 recipient of the Pekka Pöyry Award and the 2000 Georgie Award [the most prestigious prize for Finnish jazz musicians]. He is Pertti “Pepa” Päivinen, one of the most thrilling reedsmen Finland has ever produced.
Pertti Päivinen was born in 1955 to parents of Karelian descent in Vantaa, a stately satellite of our capital, Helsinki. His earliest music-related memoirs are of tackling top 40 hits together with the girl next door. The kids even had a designated “singing tree” on the Päivinen property where they would climb and belt out Laila Kinnunen schlagers and other radio hits of the early 1960s.
Päivinen commenced studying the flute at age twelve at the Vantaa Music Institute. Like a benevolent omen of things to unfold, his very first teacher happened to be Seppo “Baron” Paakkunainen, a renowned woodwind explorer. He was also a multi-instrumentalist well versed in a variety of flutes, clarinets and saxophones and in this way a fitting role model for Päivinen, who nowadays  expresses himself on a wide range of woodwinds. The apprentice recalls his master warmly, and goes on to reveal who was his original saxophone teacher at the age of fourteen.
“I did indeed have the privilege to have Paakkunainen as my first flute teacher and then the equally legendary Juhani Aaltonen as my first saxophone teacher. Aside from being gigantic as musical influences, I rate them both highly as pedagogues as well. Junnu, especially, drove me relentlessly towards the search for my own tone. Overall, he had a very philosophical outlook towards music and teaching.”
At the time, Päivinen’s appetite for saxophonists also included the likes of Jan Garbarek, Tomasz Szukalski and Pharoah Sanders. Through paying close attention to his tutors’ words and immersing himself in recorded music, the reedsman would go on to develop a deep spiritual understanding of the melancholy mentality of the North.
Päivinen commenced his musical odyssey as a professional in the early 1970s. Through joining the Jukka Tolonen Band, he got his first chance to perform extensively in Scandinavia and continental Europe. During Päivinen’s tenure, the legendary guitarist was moving from jazzrock to the more straight-ahead stylings of jazzfunk.
“I had already played in numerous dance bands. But, like every young man, I also felt the pull of rock and funk. So getting the Tolonen gig was very important. As regards rock music, I actually took an interesting trip down memory lane last year when Jethro Tull came to perform at the Hall of Culture in Helsinki. You see ... (laughter) I first saw the group at the same venue in 1968!”
After the Tolonen ensemble had recorded the album Just Those Boys in 1980, Päivinen had to leave the group. But he felt there was no turning back. He was now – for better or worse – a professional musician. This meant woodshedding and taking part in projects and recording sessions that were not always as desirable as they might have been. However, Päivinen cultivated a healthy attitude towards the everyday chores of a working musician.
“If I decide to say yes, I know I have to commit myself to the project on hand with 100 % conviction. Because it just wouldn’t be fair either to myself or to the people who hire me if I were to do things half-heartedly. But nowadays bandleaders and producers seem to have a pretty good idea of my strengths and shortcomings, because I tend to get called for things I’m glad to take part in. But in general, sessions can be quite exciting and interesting if one approaches them with an open mind.”
Photo: Lassi Kaaria
Having done miscellaneous work alongside composers such as Heikki Sarmanto, Eero Koivistoinen and Pekka Pohjola, Päivinen answered the call of composer/drummer Edward Vesala and the Sound & Fury workshops which then grew to become the group of the same name. This step was crucial to his development as an instrumentalist.
“I had originally jammed with Vesala and Juhani Aaltonen in the early 1980s, so in 1984 it became quite natural to join the Sound & Fury circle. This may sound like a cliché, but these workshops really were my college as a musician. Eetu’s methods were inventive and he had an uncanny ability to hear who would make a good bandleader. I always thought this was very unselfish: he would highlight people from the group knowing that if their solo careers took off, they would probably not have time for Sound & Fury anymore.”
Pepa was the last musician to benefit from this altruistic attitude, which had earlier kick-started guitarist Raoul Björkenheim’s fierce Krakatau and saxophonist Tapani Rinne’s exotic RinneRadio. Before Vesala’s untimely death in 1999, he helped Päivinen to write and record his lauded debut solo offering Saxigon (1997). But let’s backtrack to the mid-1980s.
“Then in 1985 the people from the UMO Jazz Orchestra approached me for the second time already. I had subbed for the band for the first time in 1980, and thought that I’d better say ‘yes’ or they would not call me a third time. Vesala didn’t like this, and we parted ways until he then called me up when Sound & Fury were preparing to record the landmark album Ode to the Death of Jazz in 1990. And this time I stayed with Eetu until his demise.”
Another strong bandleader who relied on Päivinen’s prowess and power at that time was American saxophonist/composer Anthony Braxton. After guesting on an UMO Jazz Orchestra gig in 1987, Braxton expressed his wish to do more work with Finnish musicians. Päivinen was one of the chosen few of the Ensemble Braxtonia.
“Braxton was quite relaxed and in this sense the exact opposite of Vesala. But he presented us with his own interesting methods of making music. We did a mini-tour of Finland that was immortalised on the album 2 Compositions 1988 which came out in 1996. This was one of the nicest offshoots of my stint in the ranks of UMO. And to tell you the truth, the album sounds surprisingly good even to this day.”
Come the early 1990s, Päivinen continued with UMO and Sound & Fury, played sessions and partook in theatre projects. One of the most exciting projects was the woodwind quartet Saxperiment, where one path came full circle when he got to play alongside his first teacher.
“Saxperiment was originally the brainchild of Paakkunainen and kind of an offshoot of the Ensemble Braxtonia, but Pentti Lahti, Janne Murto and myself also had our say in moulding the sound and preparing the material. At the moment, Saxperiment is on a hiatus, but I am quite pleased with our eponymous album released in 1997. The funny thing about Saxperiment was that I was a student of Paakkunainen and Murto was a student of mine from the Oulunkylä Pop & Jazz Conservatoire in Helsinki.”
Murto aside, Päivinen states that some of the younger saxophonists he respects are Mikko Innanen, Markus Holkko, Jukka Perko, Sonny Heinilä, Jorma Tapio and Manuel Dunkel. He adds that he may have forgotten someone from the list, but says the post in the UMO Jazz Orchestra alone provides him with an excellent vantage point on what’s happening on the local jazz scene.
As the 1990s drew to a close, Päivinen felt the urge to place more emphasis on his own trio with bassist Hannu Rantanen and drummer Mikko Hassinen. At the time of writing, the Pepa Päivinen Trio has recorded two albums, Umpsukkelis in 1999 and FunFaraway in 2001. Aside from Finland, the energetic team has performed in France. For Päivinen, the ensemble has become his musical home and the playground where he can do anything and everything he pleases.
But as befits this man of opposites, he is also happy to work with makers of contemporary classical music. A particular triumph in this area came in 1999 when composer Markus Fagerudd invited him to play the lead part in his Ballad i fem delar. Another quite strictly arranged environment is the Jarmo Saari Filmtet, a soloist collective that concentrates on Finnish cinema evergreens.
“I love the fact that Jarmo has taken a step towards creating for us Finns a catalogue of a somewhat different set of standards. I have nothing against the American jazz standards, but there are still many fine Finnish tunes awaiting a revival. On top of this, Jarmo’s arrangements are very challenging and fun to play.”
Another important current project is the duo with Iro Haarla. Set up years ago by Edward Vesala, the pair became documented on the 2001 disc Yarra Yarra. Päivinen is especially happy to work in this intimate, chamber music-like format but doesn’t want to highlight the fact that he is working with Vesala’s widow. “I wouldn’t place too much emphasis on the torch-bearing aspect of this, though I understand why people want to see our duo in that light. But I do believe that Eetu would be happy with our album as well... Let’s just say that I'm happy to be able to express myself on stage with one of the finest jazz piano artists in Finland.”
Featured photo: Maarit Kytöharju
This article was first published in FMQ 1/2003 and is now (August 2021) republished with the kind permission of the author.

domain: artistic


The Nikon's R1 Wireless Close-up Speedlight System works with Nikon i-TTL SLRs with built-in Speedlight Commander and features two SB-R200 Speedlight units enabling superb close-up lighting control with exceptional flexibility and ease.
Designed for use with Nikon SLR's featuring built-in Speedlights and Commander such as the D70, D70s or D200 and supporting Nikon's Creative Lighting System (CLS) with exclusive i-TTL (intelligent-TTL) flash technology, the R1 system offers more sophisticated lighting possibilities with astonishing accuracy.
Key Features of the Nikon R1 Wireless Close-up Speedlight System
- The system comes with all the necessary components to make complicated lighting easy, including the SX-1 Attachment Ring, two SW-11 Extreme Close-up Positioning Adapters, a SW-C1 Flexible Arm and a SW-12 Diffuser Panel and more.
- The Nikon R1 system is commonly used for Macro Fill flash and more.
- Qualities of the Nikon R1: Consistent output, Durable, Easy to use, Fast recycling, Lightweight and Versatile.
- MPN - FSA906BA
- GTIN - 018208048045
|Guide No.||10.06 m ISO100 at 24 mm position
14.02 m ISO200
|Angle of View||78
|Recycle Time||Approximately 5 - 6 seconds|
|Power Source||CR123A Lithium Battery|
|Dimensions (WxHxD)||7.9 x 7.6 x 5.6 cm|
- SB-R200 Wireless Remote Speedlights x2
- SX-1 Attachment Ring
- SS-MS1 Close-Up Speedlight Kit Case
- SS-R200 Soft Case x2
- SS-SX1 Soft Case
- SG-31R IR Panel for Built-In Flash
- SW-C1 Flexible Arm Clip
- SW-11 Extreme Close- Up Positioning Adapter x2
- SW-12 Diffuser
- SY-1-52 52mm Adapter Ring
- SY-1-62 62mm Adapter Ring
- SY-1-67 67mm Adapter Ring
- SY-1-72 72mm Adapter Ring
- SY-1-77 77mm Adapter Ring


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This summer’s Salmon Arm Roots and Blues festival has added more talent to its roster.
Irish Mythen, an Irish singer who lives on Prince Edward Island, will squeeze in Roots and Blues into her busy summer festival schedule. Mythen last played Roots and Blues in 2017 and played in Salmon Arm in 2018 — both performances were well received.
The Hamiltones, who supported six-time Grammy Winner Ry Cooder on festival stages last year as his band, have also been added to the lineup.
In addition to that work, The Hamiltones also played on three Grammy-nominated albums in the past year alone, including PJ Morton’s Grumbo, Jonathan McReynolds’ Make Room and Tori Kelly’s Hiding Place.
Birds of Chicago is a folk and Americana group that has honed its skills on the road, playing 200 shows a year and main festival stages in England, the U.S. and Canada. Its latest albums, Real Midnight in 2016 and Love in Wartime in 2018, were well received and have kept the band in the spotlight.
Garifuna Collective hails from Belize. The group features the best artists of Garifuna’s music scene and some unique instruments, including turtle shells and jawbones, alongside hand drums, guitars and bass.
The collective has topped world charts in Europe and won a Juno with Danny Michel. Their album with Andy Palacio was voted all-time number one in the world music genre on Amazon.
The 2019 Salmon Arm Roots and Blues music festival will take place from Aug. 15 to Aug. 18.
Early-bird (holiday) passes for the festival are available for sale at the Roots and Blues office, 541 Southwest Third St., Salmon Arm, or online at rootsandblues.ca. Holiday prices last until Jan. 31.

domain: news