The River Nile: bridge or barrier?
Following a long history of conflict over water among the Nile Basin countries, Doaa El-Bey finds that popular and official diplomatic efforts are making headway
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River Nile sources in Uganda; President Morsi meeting UgandaOCOs President Yoweri Museveni
The 25 January Revolution in Egypt put the issue of the water of the River Nile back at the top of the foreign-policy agenda. Diplomatic efforts at creating common interests and boosting economic cooperation seem to be the best way of managing conflicts arising from differences over the distribution of the river's water, and the various countries involved have shown a willingness to build bridges in an effort to capitalise on mutual interests and bring about a win-win situation for all.
While popular diplomacy has proven successful in the post-revolution management of Nile water issues, popular-official diplomacy can also help improve relations between Egypt and the other Nile Basin states, building further bridges between them. As if to demonstrate this idea, last week saw the conclusion of a 10-day tour to South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda and Ethiopia, in order to involve civil society organisations in boosting cooperation with the Nile Basin states, according to Magdi Amer, assistant foreign minister for Nile Basin states affairs, who headed the delegation.
"This is the first Egyptian official-popular delegation to head to the Nile Basin states," said Amr Khaled, a popular Islamic preacher and founder of Life Makers, a charity organisation, on his official website. Khaled was part of the delegation that visited the four Nile Basin states.
The warm welcome the delegation received was an indication, Khaled said, that both officials and peoples are willing to listen and be listened to. The delegation had visited the countries, he explained, as representatives of Egyptian civil society in order to address their counterparts and find out how they could work together. "The relationship between Egypt and these states cannot be summarised as a water issue alone. We inquired about how we could help build schools and hospitals, etc., in order to assist them. After all, we cannot resolve the water issue in the absence of other issues," he added.
The tour, organised by the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, included representatives from charity organisations like Life Makers, Resala, the Food Bank, the Arab Doctors Union, the Children's Cancer Hospital and Masr Al-Kheir. Delegates met the ministers of education, health, youth, and information and representatives of civil society in each state.
Tarek Kotb, from the Foreign Ministry's Nile Basin States Department, said that the delegation had included 20 figures representing the government as well as 15 NGOs. A single approach could not resolve all possible conflicts, he said, but "political means, together with the efforts of NGOs and popular diplomacy, go hand-in-hand in order to improve relations and create a better ambiance among the Nile Basin states," Kotb told Al-Ahram Weekly.
The official-popular approach was accompanied by top-level official efforts to boost relations with the upstream states, President Mohamed Morsi concluding a visit to Uganda last week during which he took part in celebrating the country's independence day. The issue of the Nile's water was discussed with the other leaders of Nile Basin states who attended the celebration.
In July, Morsi visited Ethiopia to participate in the African Union summit, which was the first visit by an Egyptian president to Ethiopia since the assassination attempt on ousted former president Hosni Mubarak in 1995 by Islamist gunmen during a visit to Addis Ababa.
Prime Minister Hisham Kandil will also visit South Sudan soon, having already visited various upstream countries in June when he was minister of irrigation. These visits aim to improve bilateral relations between Egypt and these states and to discuss issues relating to the sharing of the Nile's water.
NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES: Meanwhile, Egypt and Sudan have said they will not sign the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) signed by most of the other Nile Basin states unless they are guaranteed their existing share of the river's water.
Egypt's other reservations about the agreement include the need to give the country advance notice before construction is carried out in the Nile Basin and to adjust the future voting system set up under the agreement so that any vote will always be contingent on the approval of Egypt and Sudan.
Egypt has always had a natural and historical right to the Nile. Given that the country is dependent on the Nile for drinking water and agriculture, the river is considered to be a national-security issue. Egypt is also already struggling with water shortages, and a 2007 report by the Water Research Centre said that it would face serious shortages by 2025.
Unlike the other Nile Basin countries, which have several other sources of water, the Nile provides Egypt with 95 per cent of the country's water needs, Nader Noureddin, a professor of land and water resources at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, told the Weekly.
The water resources of any country are measured according to the total amount of water resources it has, including rain and subterranean water, he explained. Ethiopia, for instance, possesses 123.5 billion cubic metres of water per year, according to a United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report. Tanzania has 91 billion, Uganda 44 billion, Sudan 66 billion and Kenya 33 billion. Egypt, on the other hand, has 60.5 billion cubic metres a year -- 55.5 billion from the Nile and five from subterranean sources.
"These figures show that Ethiopia has more than double the water Egypt has, and Tanzania has double what Egypt has. They also show that Egypt has the least amount of water, given its size and population," Noureddin told the Weekly.
However, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya have decided to ignore such figures, and they have asked for a larger share of Nile water regardless of other sources. The countries accordingly signed the CFA, also known as the Entebbe Agreement, in May 2010, which aims to re-allocate water distribution and increase the upstream countries' share of the Nile's water.
The agreement also aims to allow upstream countries to construct dams and related projects that may violate the 1929 and 1959 Nile Basin agreements. The Entebbe Agreement was expected to take effect in May 2011, one year after it was signed, though other upstream Nile countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi, did not initially sign it. Burundi eventually signed in March 2011.
South Sudan, which seceded from North Sudan last year, has said that it will not join the agreement until all Nile Basin states agree on it.
Analysts differ on whether the death of Ethiopia's former prime minister Meles Zenawi in August will affect the water issue. Some argue that it could provide a catalyst toward resolving the issue, while others believe that it will not lead to any major change in Ethiopian policy.
Zenawi, prime minister from 1995, was known as an architect of Ethiopian development, and he repeatedly asked for a new agreement regarding the sharing of the Nile's water.
Initially, there were 10 states making up the Nile Basin states, becoming 11 after the division of Sudan. The seven upstream countries are Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan are considered to be downstream states. Eritrea is an observer state under the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI).
EGYPT'S HISTORIC RIGHTS: In response to these developments, Egypt and Sudan have insisted on abiding by the 1929 and the 1959 treaties, though these are regarded by the upstream states as "colonial relics" that should no longer be treated as law.
The 1929 treaty was signed by the then British occupying authorities in Egypt and stated that no work could be undertaken on the Nile and its tributaries without Egypt's acceptance. It also gave Egypt the right to block any developments upstream in the River Nile, including dams, irrigation works and pumping stations. The treaty allocated Egypt 48 billion cubic metres a year and Sudan four billion cubic metres a year of Nile water as their "acquired rights".
Sudan and Egypt later renegotiated the 1929 treaty in 1959 under a new treaty that allowed for the construction of the Aswan High Dam as a major new element in the control of the Nile's water to the benefit of the two countries. The 1959 treaty also increased the two countries' share of Nile water to 55.5 and 18 billion cubic metres, respectively.
The 1929 treaty was the culmination of previous agreements made in 1889, 1891, 1902 and 1906 between the British and Italian governments and later also the Ethiopian government. All these agreements acknowledged Egypt's natural and historic right to its fair share of the Nile's water.
However, increasing energy needs among upstream states have prompted them to look for new sources of energy, among them dams to produce hydroelectric energy. The existing treaties are an obstacle to these countries' plans, and thus there have various attempts to renegotiate them and come up with a new collective agreement.
The first recent attempt towards that end was made with the establishment of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) in 1999. Although representatives of the member countries of the NBI met on a regular basis over the course of the following decade, negotiations failed to progress into an agreement that could appeal to all members.
Relationships between the NBI states deteriorated after the CFA was signed.
POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF THE RENAISSANCE DAM: Potential conflict over the water issue between the upstream and downstream countries, among them Egypt, built up in March last year when Ethiopia decided to build its "Renaissance Dam" on the Blue Nile without the endorsement of Egypt or Sudan.
When built, the dam will be the largest hydroelectric power plant in Africa and the tenth largest in the world. The dam's reservoir at 63 billion cubic metres will be one of Africa's largest. However, given that the dam is planned to be built on the Blue Nile, which provides Egypt with 85 per cent of its water, there are fears that it will restrict the amount of water reaching Egypt.
The Nile is fed by the White Nile, flowing from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, flowing from Ethiopia.
Yet, experts differ on the effect of the dam. Some argue that it could provide Egypt with water throughout the year, not only in flood time, and generate electricity that could be used by Egypt and Sudan. Others say that it could allow Ethiopia to control the amount of water reaching Egypt and that as a result the country would no longer receive its appropriate share of water.
Mustafa Al-Guindi, an MP and coordinator of the popular diplomacy delegation that visited Ethiopia and Uganda last year, has described the situation by saying that while Egypt is concerned about the effects of the dam, Addis Ababa has repeatedly emphasised that the dam will not have any effect on the amount of water reaching Egypt. As a result, no action should be taken until the findings of the tripartite technical committee looking into the matter are released.
"My main concern now is to know from the unbiased committee that will disclose its findings to the peoples of the Nile Basin countries whether the dam will harm Egypt or not," Al-Guindi told the Weekly. "If the report states that it will, Egypt will argue that the CFA is illegal as it would deprive Egypt of one of its basic human rights, water."
Al-Guindi praised the work of the committee as the outcome of efforts made by the popular diplomacy delegation. For his part, Noureddin believes that building any dams on the Blue Nile will present a challenge to Egypt's water supply and to the country's national security.
"Egypt understood that Ethiopia needed to build the Tekeze Dam on the River Atbara three years ago and other dams before that. Now Ethiopia has a total of 12 dams, a number that is not found anywhere else in the world. Nevertheless, it now wants to build four more dams on the Blue Nile and its tributaries," Noureddin commented.
The Renaissance Dam, if built, would make the existing Aswan High Dam and Lake Nasser, which stores water behind it, redundant. "The Nile's water reaching Sudan and Egypt would be coming through a small canal that receives surplus water left over after Ethiopia has generated the power it wants if this dam is built," he added.
THE BAD OLD DAYS: Egypt's relations with the African states in general and the Nile Basin states in particular saw a deterioration in recent years that was widely blamed on the pre-revolutionary regime, which neglected the country's African neighbours and left relationships to deteriorate until the upstream states decided to sign the Entebbe Agreement.
Egypt even threatened to resort to war if its rights over the Nile's water were encroached upon. Egyptian former foreign minister Ahmed Abul-Gheit warned that Cairo's water rights were a "red line" and threatened legal action if a partial deal was reached. While Egypt and Ethiopia signed a cooperation agreement in 1993, relations deteriorated after 1995 following the assassination attempt on ousted former president Mubarak. Mubarak never visited Addis Ababa again after that, and the incident had a negative impact on Egypt's relations with Ethiopia as well as with other African states.
Although this deterioration in relations has been blamed on the previous regime, Noureddin points to other reasons that have contributed to the worsening relations. The fact that the upstream states have considered building dams on the Nile as their right without giving Egypt prior notice and without respecting the treaties that ban the building of such dams on the Nile without the prior consent of Egypt are among the reasons for the deteriorating relations, he said.
The upstream countries have insisted on abiding by a principle of equal rights to the Nile's water rather than the principle of equal rights to water resources that both Egypt and Sudan support. Some countries have linked their development to the buildings of dams like that planned in Ethiopia, which is even being called the "Renaissance Dam".
"This is a great mistake," Noureddin said. "Canada which has only two per cent fresh water, is a developed country. Other desert states that do not possess water at all have also achieved development." The presence of countries like China, Korea and Israel in the Nile Basin states and their rapidly growing investment there are also dangerous signs that could lead to further differences among the states in the future.
Noureddin gave Ethiopia as an example, saying that though it had the right to open its doors to foreign investment in the field of agriculture, this could not be at the expense of Egypt's share of the Nile's water. Likewise, Ethiopia's decision to irrigate the land using river rather than rain water should be revised such that it uses non-Nile water or subterranean water sources.
Moreover an agreement had been signed earlier this year by an Israeli agency for international development to increase cooperation in the fields of food security, water management, and industrial development in African states, Noureddin said. This project was being carried out in cooperation with the UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO). But Egypt, which has 7,000 years of experience in agriculture, is not undertaking any similar projects.
TURNING OVER A NEW LEAF: Post-revolutionary Egypt has shown a genuine desire to reestablish good relations and boost cooperation with the Nile Basin states, as was signaled by the visit of former prime minister Essam Sharaf to Uganda and Ethiopia in a bid to boost bilateral relations and trade with particular emphasis on the appropriation of the Nile's water.
"We were in Uganda yesterday, and today we had discussions in Ethiopia. The environment is completely different from what it was during the previous period," Sharaf told journalists during his visit. A few months later, Zenawi met Sharaf in Cairo. During the meeting, both men highlighted the positive impact their talks had had, describing the Nile as a "bridge" rather than a "barrier" to warmer ties.
During the visit, Zenawi announced the formation of the tripartite technical committee that would review the impact of the Renaissance Dam on water distribution.
Moreover, Egypt saw a surge of diplomacy on the popular level after the revolution. A popular diplomacy delegation received a warm welcome in Uganda and Ethiopia in April and May last year, and it included political figures like Al-Guindi, Al-Sayed Al-Badawi, leader of the Wafd Party, Ghad Party leader Ayman Nour, and presidential hopeful Hisham Al-Bastawisi. Other members of the delegation included journalists like Sekina Fouad, popular figures like Mohamed Abul-Ghar and representatives from youth groups that took part in launching of the 25 January Revolution.
The delegation managed to convince the two countries to delay the ratification of the CFA until Egypt had elected a new parliament and president, and it prompted Ethiopia to allow the formation of the independent tripartite technical committee to investigate the effects of the Renaissance Dam.
"Popular diplomacy succeeded where official diplomacy failed. Ethiopia, which had repeatedly rejected the idea of the committee, accepted its formation after the visit of the delegation," Al-Guindi said, pointing to the fact that the mixed character of the delegation's members had helped the negotiations.
"All currents, including the Muslim Brotherhood before it assumed power, were represented in the delegation. That is how a proper popular delegation should be and that is why it succeeded," he added.
The warm welcome the Ethiopians gave to the delegation was shown during the delegation's visit to the cathedral in Addis Ababa, when members chanted with Ethiopian worshippers after mass: "Egypt and Ethiopia: one hand."
Nevertheless, Noureddin for one still believes that popular diplomacy alone may not resolve the water problem. Instead, it can act to pave the way for better relations in future and enhanced cooperation. Official diplomacy is more likely to resolve the root of the problem, he said. Without a resolution to the water problem, there cannot be good relations.
The formation of the tripartite technical committee was one outcome of the popular diplomatic efforts. The 10-member committee is composed of two experts from Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia and four international experts. It held its first meeting in Addis Ababa late last year, and a sixth meeting was held in the Ethiopian capital last week. It is expected to produce its report by the end of this year.
However, according to sources at the Egyptian Foreign Ministry, Ethiopia has not given the committee all the details it needs to come up with the report, which is why some, among them experts like Maghawri Shehata, president of the Arab Association for Healthy Water, have cast doubts on the outcome of the committee.
According to Shehata, Ethiopia postponed ratification of the agreement last year, and it has not changed its position since. Moreover, it began working on the foundations of the dam even before Burundi signed the agreement. While the committee has the authority to examine the impacts of building the dam, there has been no mention of what might happen should those impacts be found to be negative on the downstream states.
FUTURE PROSPECTS: The Nile, the longest river in the world, is 4,000 miles long. Some 160 million people in 11 countries depend on the river and its tributaries for their livelihoods. Within the next 25 years, the population of the Nile Basin states is expected to double, and demand for water for agricultural and industrial purposes will grow as well.
The need of the Nile Basin states to cooperate and even integrate should be growing as well, and there is an increasing need for a change in the approach of the Nile Basin states to water issues. Egypt has argued that it needs the Nile's water for its survival and for agriculture, while the upstream states argue that they need to use the Nile water for their own rapidly increasing development needs, famine prevention, and poverty reduction.
All the states concerned should work on the principle of "don't harm anybody, and don't allow anybody to harm you," according to Al-Guindi. It would not be acceptable for Egypt to live under a "water poverty line", he said. However, it would also be unacceptable for Ethiopia to suffer from a shortage of electricity.
"If the Nile Basin states, especially Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda, become genuine partners in joint projects, they could provide food and electricity for all the Basin states," Al-Guindi said. Egypt has the manpower and Sudan has the fertile land to do so. Cooperation could produce food for everyone as a result.
Building bridges of understanding among the peoples of the different states is also essential. Khaled said that people in the African states he visited sometimes regarded Egyptians as "selfish", since they could come across as wanting to deprive other states of their right to develop their countries.
In the meantime, the picture that the media has drawn of the African states, especially Ethiopia, is one of their trying to deprive Egypt of its share of water and expose it to a water crisis. In this atmosphere, hostile feelings can thrive.
"We need to sit down with them and to understand them. The Renaissance Dam to the Ethiopians is like the High Dam to us. We can sit down with them and reach a compromise that would not harm Egypt and would not deprive Addis Ababa of its hope of development either," Khaled said.
In the hope of building such bridges, Life Makers decided to organise workshops for 50 people from each of the four states Khaled visited in Alexandria in order to boost understanding within these states. The organisation is also planning to build an international school in each country.
Other areas of cooperation suggested by experts include Egyptian assistance to upstream states in irrigation techniques, increasing agricultural imports from these states, the purchase of electricity from the hydroelectric power stations that the Ethiopian and Ugandan governments wish to build, and cooperation in both the public and private sectors in order to build a network of interests that will outweigh any conflicts regarding the Nile's water.
Other prospects for better relations in the future include the use of "soft power" through sending different official-popular delegations like the one that visited four African states last week. "When the people in these states see that Egyptian NGOs are willing to visit them to find out how they can help these countries, they will be more willing to understand and compromise," Kotb said.
In the same context, the Egyptian government launched an "Egyptian initiative for the development of the Nile Basin countries" in January this year. The initiative includes the establishment of regional training centres in the Nile Basin states. It aims to establish integrated development projects and programmes in the states in strategic fields in order to reinforce Egypt's relations with these countries in a way that helps them to achieve their development goals.
Egypt is also participating in efforts to modernise the postal sector in Africa through providing technical assistance to these countries and the training of human resources. In this effort, it is able to draw on Egypt's experience in such fields, as well as on its proven ability to develop systems in the field.
Other more technical suggestions that water experts have come up with to help save water include reviving plans for the construction of the Gongli Canal in South Sudan. This canal, first proposed in 1903, has now been revived in the form of a 500-metre canal linking the White Nile and the Congo River. When built, it will channel swamp water back into the Nile, amounting to an annual increase of Nile water availability of roughly 40 billion cubic metres.
There are various ways for African countries to achieve prosperity through establishing a network of solid relationships and creating common channels and aims. However, more efforts are needed, and these can best be done on the official as well as on the popular levels.


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ANC Limpopo stays put on Msiza, who’s facing criminal chargesMarch 12, 2021
Msiza supporters vow to support him till the criminal case concludesMarch 15, 2021
By Lesetja Makhura
The Student Representative Council at the University of Venda says it will not be joining the national shutdown today because its students are not yet done with the 2020 academic year programme.
Univen SRC President, Gift Chauke however says the demands raised by the South African Union of Students are also affecting them and they are in full support of the movement.
He says they are demanding free education and Univen students will join the protests after completing their 2020 academic year programme.
Chauke says they will in the meantime hold a picket so that they do not disturb the examinations process that are still underway at their university.

domain: news


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Allied Wallet Announces Partnership with China UnionPay
The world’s biggest payment card issuers, Allied Wallet, has announced that it will be part of the European expansion. Allied Wallet is a globally leading provider of mainstream online payment processing, multi-currency merchant services, and a PCI Level 1 secured payment gateway.
This recent partnership with China UnionPay is an effort to expand in Europe and offer an Allied Wallet-branded China UnionPay card. “We’re proud to be partnered with China UnionPay to issue these co-branded cards”, the announcement said.
China UnionPay is the world’s largest payment card issuer, and its cards continue to grow in popularity across the world – especially in Europe. The goal of this partnership between Allied Wallet and China UnionPay is to supply this demand for China UnionPay cards and support their growth across the world.
The announcement also revealed that, as early as this month, co-branded cards would begin to be issued for European consumers. These cards can be used while traveling in Asia to hopefully simplify and secure consumer spending. This new partnership and cards will be beneficial for all parties involved. Thanks to China UnionPay and Allied Wallet, consumers will have a new means of making payments all over the world.
“In Europe, we want to target local customers in the domestic market, not only people traveling to Asia,” said Zhilhong Wei, head of UnionPay in Europe. They plan to issue UnionPay-branded cards across Europe as early as December.
“We’re proud to be partnered with China UnionPay to issue these co-branded cards,” said Allied Wallet CEO Andy Khawaja. “[China UnionPay] cards are accepted by over 40 million merchants in the world and in millions of ATMs. We look forward to giving more people an opportunity to use these cards.”
Do you need quick solutions for your business? If your company needs fast and secure payment processing, consider the many reviews and information Best Payment Providers has to offer. Find the cheapest merchant services for small business and other industry updates.
Author Bio: Payment industry expert Taylor Cole is a passionate merchant account expert who understands the complicated world of accepting credit and debit cards at your business. His understanding of the industry has helped thousands of business owners save money and time.


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DEKALB COUNTY, Ga. — Some parents are concerned after seeing their child’s school under construction ahead of the new year.
Channel 2 Miller Grove Middle School will be under construction when students arrive.
The project has been going on since last year and will continue this year.
Even though it will be in full swing when school starts Monday, the superintendent said teachers and students won't be learning in the work areas.
A parent sent photos to Channel 2 Action News of what the school looked like Thursday afternoon.
She said the air conditioning wasn't working properly and contractors were working to fix it.
Parent Ty Hatch has two sons who attend the school and said she is wondering how it will be ready for the start of the year Monday.
“They had all summer to get this done, and to try to cram it into the last few days is just ridiculous,” Hatch said.
We called school officials to ask about the air conditioner and construction.
Superintendent R. Stephen Green stated:
"Miller Grove Middle School will be ready for classes Monday. Parents at the school were able to participate in an open house event on Wednesday, Aug. 2. No complaints about the readiness of the campus have been received by the principal."
Channel 2 Action News is your home for Back 2 School coverage.
We’ll have teams of reporters and photographers, as well as NewsChopper 2 and Triple Team Traffic guiding you through the first days of the school year, every weekday on
Channel 2 Action News This Morning from 4:30 to 7 a.m.


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Novel drug may stop melanoma spread
Scientists have developed a new drug compound that has the potential to stop the spread of melanoma the most deadly form of skin cancer by up to 90 per cent.
Scientists have developed a new drug compound that has the potential to stop the spread of melanoma the most deadly form of skin cancer by up to 90 per cent. About 10,000 people are estimated to die each year from melanoma, which spreads throughout the body quickly and attacks distant organs such as the brain and lungs.
"The majority of people die from melanoma because of the disease spreading. Our compound can block cancer migration and potentially increase patient survival," said Richard Neubig, Professor at the Michigan State University. The study showed that the compound reduced the migration of melanoma cells by 85-90 per cent.
The new drug also reduced tumours, specifically in the lungs of mice that had been injected with human melanoma cells, the researchers said. The findings are an early discovery that could be highly effective in battling the deadly skin cancer, added Kate Appleton, a postdoctoral student at Michigan State University.
The man-made small-molecule drug compound goes after a gene's ability to produce RNA molecules and certain proteins in melanoma tumours.
This gene activity, or transcription process, causes the disease to spread but the compound can shut it down.Until now, few other compounds of this kind have been able to accomplish this, the researchers stated.
The compounds were able to stop proteins, known as Myocardin-related transcription factors, or MRTFs, from initiating the gene transcription process in melanoma cells. These triggering proteins are initially turned on by another protein called RhoC, or Ras homology C, which is found in a signalling pathway that can cause the disease to spread in the body aggressively.
"The effect of our compounds on turning off this melanoma cell growth and progression is much stronger when the pathway is activated. We could look for the activation of the MRTF proteins as a biomarker to determine risk, especially for those in early-stage melanoma," Appleton said, in the paper published in the journal Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

domain: biology


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The Keto Diet: An Intro to the Popular Ketogenic Diet Plan Strategy Free Keto Diet Menu Plan For Beginners
The keto diet plan is a low-carb, high-fat diet plan created to burn fat. It is one of the most effective methods to drop weight and enhance health. Free Keto Diet Menu Plan For Beginners
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The Keto Diet is a great method of slimming down and mastering our metabolic process Free Keto Diet Menu Plan For Beginners
Once we get into ketosis, all hell break out, and we burn fat like never ever previously.
The keto diet plan was initially established in the 1920s as a treatment for epilepsy. It was found that when clients were put on a ketogenic diet plan, they had less seizures. This discovery caused the advancement of the ketogenic diet plan to treat epilepsy in children who did not respond well to anti-epileptic drugs. It soon ended up being evident that this dietary approach had other advantages.
It’s no wonder why the Keto Diet is so popular for fat loss. The science is actually sound. The whole ketogenic diet plan principle is a byproduct of some early theories on ketone bodies from over 100 years ago. If you have actually never heard of KETO (aka Keto or Ketogenic Diet Plan) previously, let me get you up.
KETO IS A HEART-WARMING & FAST-HEALING DIET
No diet comes as near a magic bullet that will actually alter your life as this diet. You’ll feel much stronger after you go into KETO or Keto state (and I extremely suggest you do). You’ll have a much easier time getting up in the early morning and more minor body aches and pains. You’ll be less hungry, and it will be simpler for you to stand straight since almost all of the mass in your body will have been converted into energy. It’s nearly like you won’t need to sleep anymore since you will be feeling so much better. You won’t have any body pain. Does the weight loss last? When people go on a diet, their weight can drop quickly. Free Keto Diet Menu Plan For Beginners
This website contains affiliate links, which means I may earn a commission if you make a purchase using one of the links. I only recommend products or services I use and trust.

domain: food


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We use so many photos and graphics in marketing nowadays that it’s always useful to get a few more tips about photography. So many people have mobile phones nowadays that taking photos has become so much more popular. We can also use them on instagram and for quotes and branding.
Learn the Basics of Photography Composition With This VideoThis hack gives some photography tips for the average person who just wants to make their photography skills or lack of them.images
The Best Free Tools For Common Photo EditsThese are tools that make editing photos child’s play.
It’s always a good idea to improve your skills and thenn monetize them – don’t you think?

domain: hobby


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Harlem street portraits
"Well-known New York photographer Harvey Stein documents the humanity and spirit of the people of Harlem in 166 beautiful black and white photographs taken over 22 years, from 1990 to 2012."--Front jacket flap.
|Main Author:||Stein, Harvey, 1941-|
Atglen, PA :
Schiffer Pub Ltd,

domain: artistic


Well, the dust has settled on what turned out to be a tumultuous season for our beloved Reds. And the clearing of dust and a little time gone by has allowed us all to look back and reflect on what exactly went wrong, or better yet, what can be done to ensure the same results don't happen in 2015.
Here are some jumbled thoughts I have of the recent campaign:
+ Speaking of Bruce, is anyone else worried? The native Texan is set to make $12 million in 2015 after posting a .217/.281/.373 line with just 18 home runs and 66 RBI. His .217 average, .281 on-base percentage, and 18 home runs were career lows for the 28-year-old. Of course, each is a far cry from his career norms (.251/.323/.467). Will 2014 prove to be an anomaly for Bruce? Or is it a tragic sign of things to come for Cincinnati's All-Star right fielder?
+ Like Bruce, Phillips also had a down season. Except his down season has become a troubling trend. The numbers don't lie: Phillips isn't the same player that he was in 2007 where he clubbed 30 jacks and stole 32 bases en route to posting a .331 on-base percentage. Instead, Phillips has turned into an average hitting second basemen, but he still has the knack for making incredible defensive gems. With that said, only a fool would believe Phillips is worth the $39 million left on his remaining three-year contract. Sure, the Reds could try to trade him and part ways with his salary, but it's going to be awfully tough to convince another team he is worth the price. Especially now that Phillips has obtained the power to reject any proposed trade thanks to the 10-and-5 rule. If Cincinnati could deal Phillips, though, Kris Negron might be an intriguing option to fill the void at second base.
+ After becoming the first Reds pitcher to win 20 games in a season since 1988, Johnny Cueto is no longer baseball's best-kept secret. This is both good news and bad news for the Redlegs. The good news is they have one of the best hurlers in the game on their roster. The bad news is that it is highly unlikely they will be able to retain his services once he hits free agency. So what are the Reds to do? Given recent history, I would be a little surprised if Cueto was actually traded this offseason. The front office continues to believe that this team is better than it really is and sending Cueto away doesn't seem to fit into their mold of winning and winning now.
+ If Cueto isn't dealt, could Mike Leake, Aroldis Chapman, or Latos be on the trading block instead? Even the most optimistic of fans have to realize the Reds won't be able to afford the current cast of pitchers. They have simply been too good for too long and are soon-to-be demanding market price. Unfortunately, the cumulative market price for all players involved is too high for the Reds. And decisions must be made as to who stays and who goes.
+ Switching gears, the Reds have to find some offensive help in their batting order. Namely, someone who plays left field. The likes of Ludwick and Chris Heisey haven't been able to cut the mustard and there doesn't appear to be a homegrown product in the minors to fill the role either. This means general manager Walt Jocketty will have to dive into the free agent pool or acquire this help via trade. Luckily, the Reds have some chips to bargain with in the form of their free agent-to-be pitchers.
+ Needless to say, Mesoraco and Todd Frazier really came into their own this year. But I am anxious to see if both can continue their breakout performances in 2015 and beyond. We have seen too many examples of players experiencing stellar single seasons only to revert back to irrelevancy soon thereafter. Hopefully these guys don't fall into that same misfortune.
+ On that same token, what is to come for Billy Hamilton? By most accounts, he turned in a solid rookie campaign, as evidenced by his 56 swiped bags, 25 doubles, and better-than-expected defense in center field. But he also recorded an on-base percentage below .300 (.292) while getting gunned down on the base paths a major league-leading 23 times. He also struckout 117 times compared to just 34 walks. We can assume Hamilton might fare better with a year of seasoning under his belt come 2015. But just how much better is the question. Count me as skeptical if Hamilton is the long-term answer for the Reds as their leadoff hitter.
+ With the Reds out of the playoffs, I find myself only slightly interested in October baseball. However, I must admit, it is very cool to see underdogs Baltimore and Kansas City taking the postseason by storm in the American League. Both are terrific stories and each is only one win away from taking one step closer to the World Series. Who could have possibly dreamt of such a scenario unfolding back in February? On the flip side, Los Angeles might be in a chronic state of shock after what the Cardinals did to them in Game 1 of the NLDS. It seems no team has the propensity to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat quite like St. Louis does. They really have spoiled their fans in the past two decades.


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The Other NickModel Female Union City, California, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/NickLynn1990
Mayhem # 2457107
About MeI am 26 years old, currently living in the Bay Area of Northern California. I hope to keep shooting in the coming months. I'm very spontaneous when it comes to changes I can't stand being the same hair color or style for very long, so with that I'm like Pandora. What I want out of this is to be noticed for my determination to pursue in this modeling world. As for that Im ready to make a splash into this new element I love very much. I'll do paid bookings unless we can work something out an TFP as well.
Have you worked with The Other Nick? Add Credits for The Other Nick! >>
Credit NotesKalista Imaging


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After a successful school in 2018 with students from eight counties, NC Farm School Down East is looking for …
Learn More Using the Resources Below
More Extension Programs at NC State University
Partnerships and Organizations
Recent Publications related to Specialty Crops
This publication specifically discusses fresh-market basil, examining the selection, production, harvesting and marketing of the …
This factsheet describes the biology and management of thrips in strawberries.
This factsheet describes the biology and management of cylamen mites in strawberries.
This factsheet describes the biology and management of cutworms in strawberries.
This publication describes the spittlebug and its impacts on the North Carolina strawberry crop.
This factsheet describes sap beetles and their impact on North Carolina strawberries.
This factsheet describes tarnished plat bugs, also known as lygus bugs, and their impact on …

domain: agronomy


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|| FAMILY HISTORY: HOME, SITE MAP, LINKS || BLILEY NETWORK: SITE MAP , SEARCH ||
Elliott Mead Bonnell
B: 17 May 1846; Harborcreek
Township, Erie County, PA
Josephine Bliley Bonnell
B: 12 Jan 1852; Harborcreek,
Erie Co., PA
(1860 Census indicates she was born in 1854.)
In reality, not very much is known of the lives of Josephine and Elliott Bonnell. But, we do have their wedding certificate to study. It is currently in the hands of their great grandson Elliott McConnell of Rockport Texas.
Elliott Bonnell's hometown is listed on the certificate as "Petersburgh, Pennsylvania". The index to the 1895 Pennsylvania State Atlas places Petersburgh in Lancaster County.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH FROM 1884 "THE HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY"
Extract from: History of Erie County, City of Corry, Page 978-979, Published: 1884, Warner, Beers & Company, Chicago, Illinois
"E. N. BONNELL, firm of Bonnell & Lambing, Corry, was born May 17, 1846, in Harbor Creek, Erie Co., Penn. His parents were natives of Harbor Creek, of German and Irish descent, and were the parents of six children, our subject being the youngest. His father died June, 1881, aged seventy-six, and his mother in 1854, aged about forty-six. Mr. Bonnell was brought up on a farm, and received his education in the district school. In 1870, when about twenty-four years of age, he went to Venango, where he worked for two years in the oil business; thence to Clarion County, as producer for about eight years, where he was successful; and thence to Corry, where he engaged in manufacturing bed springs, Mr. Bonnell was united in marriage, December 19, 1873, with Josephine, daughter of Charles Bliley, a farmer of Harbor Creek. Mr. and Mrs. Bonnell are the parents of two children, viz : Gertrude Mary, born February 7, 1876, near St. Petersburg Penn. and George, born May 9, 1883, died August 17, 1882."
PINE GROVE CEMETERY (GRAVES OF ELLIOT AND JOSEPHINE)
Elliot and Josephine are both buried in Pine Hill Cemetery along with several other individuals of the Hall, Bliley, and Mead families related through marriage. Details of the grave locations and photos are available through FindAGrave.com. Pine Grove Cemetery is located in the city of Corry, Erie County, Pennsylvania.
GOSPEL HILL CEMETERY (ASSOCIATED FAMILY MEMBERS)
One of Harbor Creek's cemeteries is the Gospel Hill Cemetery
located on Station Road next to the current campus of the Pennsylvania
State University at Behrend. This cemetery holds the remains of
12 Bonnells, but not Elliott and Josephine. Photos of the cemetery
and an index compiled by the Harbor Creek Historical Society are
available on this site by clicking

domain: geography


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On PharmaLot, Ed Silverman noted questions raised about the leadership of the new Reagan-Udall Foundation, which is supposed to help the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) streamline drug and device development. The foundation's financing through the pharmaceutical industry had already raised one obvious set of questions.
New questions were raised by the just announced membership of the Foundation's board. Silverman focused on the presence of Dr Tadataka Yamada, billed as President, Global Health Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr Yamada, however, was previously a GlaxoSmithKline executive, and had been accused of trying to intimidate one of the early critics of Avandia (rosiglitazone). (See our post here.)
I should also point out that another member of the board is Dr William Brody, billed as President of Johns Hopkins University. But Brody also is a director of Medtronic Inc, a large manufacturer of medical devices, and as such has a fiduciary responsibility for that company's finances and operations. Thus, he seems to represent device manufacturers, but I suspect was not appointed as such. Brody was also recently involved in the creation of a speech-code at his university which threatens punishment of any student who is "rude" or "disrespectful." (See our post here.)
Thus, the leadership of this new foundation seems more tilted towards industry than perhaps it ought to be. Furthermore, it is disturbing that it contains at least two individuals who have been identified with efforts to suppress expression that "our new ruling class" might not like.
What a psychiatrist learned when she tried to connect with her colleagues - Over the past couple of months, I have had the privilege of meeting with several colleagues in my community. When I contacted them, I offered to bring them...
7 hours ago


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As I sit here writing this article, I am all too aware that this time two weeks from now I will be a college graduate. It’s honestly kind of rude to think that I need to write three papers between now and then, but it is what it is. Maybe one day I’ll miss writing papers. (Probably not). I know what I will miss, though. I’ll miss the late nights giggling with my roommates in my cozy little apartment. I’ll miss watching the campus fill up with people sitting by the pond, setting up hammocks, and enjoying the sunshine as warm weather rolls back around. I’ll miss teaching exercise classes at Campus Recreation and connecting with so many different people. I’ll miss the sound of college students at 1 a.m. laughing and yelling as they stumble home from the bars. I could write a whole article about what I’m going to miss. While I think it’s good to acknowledge what I’m going to miss and allow myself to feel it all, I want to take this opportunity to shift my perspective from a place of lack to a place of abundance. I want to focus on everything I have received in my time here instead of what I’m losing. When I look at it that way, I realize I’m actually not losing much, because I’ve gained so much joy, growth, and perspective in my time here.
- The confidence to be my authentic self and pursue the things I love.
Before even transferring to UMass, I applied to be a spin instructor at Campus Recreation. Teaching spin was a dream of mine, but one I didn’t foresee coming true until I was much older. To be accomplishing that dream at the age of 19 was and still is surreal. I can see how much I’ve grown as an instructor, but also in my ability to show up as my authentic self, speak my truth, and feel confident and strong in front of a room of 40 people. It also gave me the confidence to pursue teaching beyond college.
- Lifelong connections.
Special shout out to Her Campus for this one. As you can imagine, being sent home from school just two months after transferring posed some worries in terms of how I was going to meet new people and find my place. I joined Her Campus in the Fall of 2020 and felt immediately welcomed into the community. I made so many friendships that I still carry with me today, even with those that already graduated. In my opinion, a friendship made on Zoom in the middle of a pandemic is one that will most likely last far beyond. There are countless other connections I have made outside of HC that I am also incredibly grateful for, and have made my time here so much richer.
- A DEEPER APPRECIATION FOR THE LITTLE THINGS.
Senior year has been my first and last full year in Amherst, and it has given me the opportunity to deeply appreciate the small things. I want to marvel at the way the afternoon light hits my room in my little temporary home, to stop my car on the side of the road to pat the neighborhood cats, and to take full advantage of being just a walk away from my closest friends. Being back in Amherst has reminded me of how quickly time goes by and easily things change, and therefore how crucial it is to soak up all of the magic in each and every moment.
I’ll wrap up my last Her Campus article with something I wrote in one of my first. As I wrote in one of my very first: “I can also look back and understand how a lot of the change in my life has redirected me in a positive way and been a teacher, and so I trust that this change will do the same. Perspective is everything.” I’m curious, nervous, and excited to see where this change will redirect me, but I feel confident in my ability to handle it thanks to everything I’ve gained in my time here.

domain: literature


Life without Blake Griffin did not get off to the best start on Thursday, and the Los Angeles Clippers expect to be without their star forward for the next two months due to a knee injury. The Clippers will try to bounce back when they open a two-game trip by visiting the Dallas Mavericks on Saturday.
Los Angeles won three straight before dropping a 126-107 home decision to the Utah Jazz on Thursday while Griffin, who was injured late in the 120-115 win over the rival Lakers on Monday, sat out. The Clippers got used to playing without Griffin as various injuries robbed him of a total of 83 games over the last three campaigns, but Los Angeles no longer has Chris Paul on whom to lean and is down to one starter from its opening day lineup. The Mavericks dropped their last two games but are 3-3 over the last six and all three of the losses were by single digits. Dallas began a three-game homestand with a 109-104 loss to the Brooklyn Nets on Wednesday and has yet to win a game in which it allows 100 or more points.
TV: 2 p.m. ET, FS Prime Ticket (Los Angeles), FS Southwest (Dallas)
ABOUT THE CLIPPERS (8-12): Montrezl Harrell started at power forward in place of Griffin on Thursday and scored 13 points on 5-of-5 shooting but was not much help to a defense that allowed the Jazz to shoot 57.6 percent from the floor. Los Angeles, which is also missing guards Patrick Beverley (knee) and Milos Teodosic (foot) and small forward Danilo Gallinari (glute) from its opening day lineup, is asking more of center DeAndre Jordan and guards Austin Rivers and Lou Williams. Jordan grabbed 16 rebounds while Rivers and Williams combined for 45 points on Thursday.
ABOUT THE MAVERICKS (5-17): Dallas is stuck between a rebuilding phase with youngsters like Max Kleber and Dennis Smith Jr. and a win-now period with veterans Dirk Nowitzki, Wesley Matthews and J.J. Barea. Kleber, a 25-year-old rookie from Germany, had his breakout with a season-high 16 points - his first time in double figures - on 7-of-11 shooting in Wednesday’s loss. Smith, 20, is shooting just 38.6 percent from the floor but is beginning to take care of the ball better and averaged 1.8 turnovers in the last five games to lower his season mark to 3.1.
1. Mavericks C Nerlens Noel (thumb) sat out the last three games and is day-to-day.
2. Clippers SF Wesley Johnson is 0-of-7 from 3-point range over the last two games after going 11-of-15 in the previous three.
3. Los Angeles breezed by Dallas 119-98 at home on Nov. 1 behind 20 points, seven assists and six rebounds from Griffin.
PREDICTION: Mavericks 120, Clippers 103


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Mankind is like a garden of blossoming wild flowers, beautiful as a whole, yet stunning with its unique parts and individual differences. May we continually see the beauty created by our differences and love with open arms. My watercolor study of Danielle Donaldson’s art.
Kindness intoxicates, its aroma smelling of unconditional love while its beauty rivals the most verdant of blossoming flowers. May we choose today to be intentional in our thoughts and actions as we live out lives of kindness.
We are star walker’s, each and every one of us, wading through light and darkness, while awakening to goodness and love. In the darkness we feel alone, yet God entered our darkness so we would never be alone, and thus darkness is but an illusion. In the light, we see the truth of God’s goodness and we no longer fear the shadows, for we see that they also are illusions which dissipate… Read More
There are moments when I layer prose into my paintings. Amidst the layers of ephemera, inks, watercolors, and acrylics, I nestle words of encouragement, whispers of hope, and expressions of gratitude. I like the idea of hiding within each piece of art, a secret letter of love, that maybe some will see and others will feel. I scrawl my thoughts in French, since it’s considered the language of love and it’s appearance… Read More
It’s spring break, the kids are home from school, and writing is NOT happening. I should be throwing myself into book 2, but have decided to instead show myself grace by giving myself permission to do a few other creative things, like catching up on thank you notes. I followed a Danielle Donaldson tutorial to create this card, which combined my creative hobby loves – watercolor painting, sewing, and mixed media layering. It was fun! And through it all, I… Read More
For sweet little Norah! This teal newsboy hat’s just for you! It features a cute butterfly with a very special message. Pure laughter, pure happiness, pure joy, pure and simple…pure love. All that you are.


Gen. John Allen
Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to Counter ISIS
State of Play in the Global Coalition to Counter ISIS: A Year in Review
About the Topic
About the Speaker
General John Allen (USMC, Ret.) is the Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL. He was appointed by President Obama on September 13, 2014. He is a retired U.S. Marine four star General and the former commander of the NATO International Security Assistance Force and U.S. Forces in Afghanistan from July 2011 to February 2013. Upon his retirement from the Marine Corps, Allen was appointed as the Senior Advisor to the Secretary of Defense on Middle East Security, where he led the Israeli-Palestinian Security Dialogue within the Middle East Peace Process from 2013-2014.
Allen’s command of the 150,000 U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan occurred at a particularly critical period in the war. During his command, he recovered the 33,000 U.S. surge forces, moved the Afghan National Security Forces into the lead for combat operations and pivoted NATO forces from being a conventional combat force into an advisory command. Further, he established the division size Special Operations Joint Task Force, the first such organization of that nature.
Allen’s contingency and combat operations assignments included Operation Sea Signal in the Caribbean in 1994, Operation Joint Endeavor in the Balkans from 1995 to 1996, Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq from 2007 to 2008 and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan from 2011 to 2013. During his combat tour in Iraq, he played a major role in the emergence of the Awakening, or Sahawa movement, which ultimately liberated the Al Anbar Province from Al Qaeda.
Allen holds a Bachelor of Science in operations analysis from the U.S. Naval Academy, a master’s degree in national security studies from Georgetown University, a Master of Science in strategic intelligence from the Defense Intelligence College and a Master of Science in national security strategy from the National Defense University. He is a recipient of an Honorary Doctor of Strategic Intelligence from the National Intelligence University, and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Monmouth College.
Allen is on a leave of absence from the Brookings Institution where he is co-director of the Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.


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Price includes shipping within Australia
International shipping is $24.95 (AUD)
30cm x 40cm
Unframed, Pastel on Pastelmat
This was an idea that I had in a few of my artworks where I connected nature together with wildlife in a way that combines realism with a more "cartoon" style. Just for something different!
I wanted to create something colourful that represents the colouring in the roosters beautiful feathers! I think the way he is holding himself makes him look proud and "dignified"
If you wish to purchase this piece, or have any questions, please fill out the contact form below with the title of the piece as the subject line
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Senator Lankford Statement on Coalition Airstrikes in Syria
OKLAHOMA CITY, OK – Senator James Lankford (R-OK) tonight released the following statement on coalition airstrikes in Syria from Great Britain, France, and America:
“For several years, the Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad has attacked his own citizens – multiple times with chemical weapons. Sadly, Assad has again released poison gas on his people. This action cannot stand. I appreciate that the President has responded in conjunction with our allies, France and the United Kingdom. Russia certified two years ago that they had removed all chemical weapons from Syria; clearly that was false. It is also clear that Russia was aware of Syria’s repetitive use of chemical weapons.
“Moving forward, it is vitally important that the Trump administration honors the Constitution by working with Congress on further military action. The United States is not at war with the people of Syria and I anticipate that the Administration will quickly present their long-term intentions to the American people.
“Assad is a ruthless tyrant who kills his own people, breeds terrorism, destabilizes the Middle East, and contributes to the global expansion of ISIS.”
Lankford serves on the Senate Intelligence and Homeland Security Committees. In 2017, Lankford visited the Middle East (Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Israel) on two congressional delegation trips to evaluate regional security infrastructure and assets.


We present a systematic study of electron backscattering phenomena during conduction for graphene nanoribbons with single-vacancy scatterers and dimensions within the capabilities of modern lithographic techniques. Our analysis builds upon an ab initio parameterized semiempirical model that breaks electron-hole symmetry and nonequilibrium Green’s-function methods for the calculation of the conductance distribution g. The underlying mechanism is based on wave-function localizations and perturbations that in the case of the first π− π∗ plateau can give rise to impuritylike pseudogaps with both donor and acceptor characteristics. Confinement and geometry are crucial for the manifestation of such effects. Self-consistent quantum transport calculations characterize vacancies as local charging centers that can induce electrostatic inhomogeneities on the ribbon topology.
American Physical Society
22 Feb 2010
Volume: 81 Issue: 8 Pages: 085427
Physical Review B


On Friday, I was in Hersham to visit Air Products – a leading global supplier of industrial gases such as hydrogen.
While Air Products is a global company, with over 19,000 employees, much of their European management function and significant elements of their global engineering capabilities are at the Hersham site.
During my visit, I heard about Air Products’ role in the world’s largest green hydrogen project in Neom, in Saudi Arabia. This project will deploy innovation to produce hydrogen and nitrogen, and then combine them to produce ammonia. Air Products will then transport this around the world, including to produce green hydrogen for the transportation market.
The Hersham site is playing a significant role in this venture – it was great to hear how a major international project is benefitting the local economy in Elmbridge. My thanks to Europe Public Affairs Director Ian Brass for arranging my visit.


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Did you know that 90 percent of all Americans eat too much sodium in their daily diets? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),“Most adults and children in the United States exceed the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation for dietary sodium.”
Because sodium is found in so many foods, careful choices are needed in all food groups to reduce intake. The top sources of sodium in the U.S. diet include breads and rolls, deli meats, pizza, poultry, soups, sandwiches, cheese, rice and pasta dishes, seafood dishes, meat mixed dishes (such as meatloaf with tomato sauce), and savory snacks.
A recent investigative report by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which is the public-service broadcaster of the United Kingdom, focuses on this topic: “Monosodium glutamate is often blamed for a range of nasty side effects. But is there evidence to back up these MSG claims?”
Food Unwrapped, the British television documentary series, in its season 6 premiere episode (airing on the 31st of August, 2015) addresses the question: “Are alarming headlines about MSG justified?”
Deep thoughts about umami, the fifth taste, from Tasting Table’s food editor, Andy Baraghani in this recently released video. Baraghani discusses easy ways to incorporate umami into your dishes, including using “good old-fashioned MSG.”
A recent article in The Daily Meal, written by editor Dan Myers, clearly explains why MSG (monosodium glutamate), the popular flavor enhancer, gets “one heck of a bad rap.”
The article explains: “First of all, what exactly is monosodium glutamate (also called just sodium glutamate)? As a commercial product, it’s a white powder that looks similar to salt, and that is very popular in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese cuisine. It doesn’t have an especially pleasing flavor on its own, but when added in the right quantity to various foods it lends them a rich, savory element, and balances and rounds off the flavors that are present, giving everything an umami-like kick.”


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Replace disposable plastic bags with these produce bags!
Perfect to use in place of disposable plastic bags when shopping for fresh fruit, vegetables, herbs and bulk goods.
This organic cotton produce bag provides air circulation to the produce inside, so it is great for fruits and vegetables such as potatoes, onions, garlic, and tomatoes.
You may place the bag on the countertop or hang it in a cool, dark place. Alternatively, you may store it in the refrigerator.
Comes with sturdy drawstring closure that keeps your items secure.
How Many Disposables It Can Replace
Over a year, 1 reusable bag could replace the use of 125 single-use plastics bags or 52 single-use paper bags.
Made from premium, unbleached GOTS certified organic cotton.
Gentle machine wash in cold water and hang to dry.
End of Life Treatment
Note: Product will be mailed via Mail (Mailed by Merchant)


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Finding an ideal family-friendly hotel in Pythagorion does not have to be difficult. Welcome to Zefiros Beach Hotel, a nice option for travelers like you.
Guest rooms offer a refrigerator, air conditioning, and a desk, and Zefiros Beach Hotel makes getting online easy as free wifi is available.
You can also take advantage of some of the amenities offered by the hotel, including a 24 hour front desk, beach chairs, and a coffee shop. In addition, guests can enjoy a pool and a poolside bar during their visit. As an added convenience, there is free parking available to guests.
Close to Pythagoras Statue (3.0 mi), a popular Pythagorion landmark, Zefiros Beach Hotel is a great destination for tourists.
While in Pythagorion be sure to experience local oyster favorites at Thalasea Fish & Oyster Restaurant.
Best of all, Zefiros Beach Hotel makes it easy to experience some great Pythagorion attractions like Kallisti Gallery, which is a popular art gallery.
Zefiros Beach Hotel puts the best of Pythagorion at your fingertips, making your stay both relaxing and enjoyable.

domain: travel


Match this wheel to our hub adapter.
Find more half wraps.
Our most popular "muscle" style wheel offers outstanding quality and a sleek design with customizable real oak wood half wraps of your choice to match your vehicle/style!
The backside of each wheel features a machined smooth and comfortable finger indentation for grip.
You will need the following 4 items to install your steering wheel to your vehicle:
- 14" Billet Half Wrap Steering Wheel
- Oak Finger Joint Half Wrap
- Horn Button
- Polished Adapter (Purchased separately in our adapter section).
This wheel is made from high quality billet aluminum hand polished to a semi-mirror finish.
- Diameter: 14" (13.75)
- Dish Depth: Approx. 1.75"
- 5 hole wheel bolt measurement (hole-to-hole): 1.6"
I gave this steering wheel to my significant other for a Christmas present. It's going on our 29 Model A Tudor sedan which she has claimed ownership! Lol. We both fell in love with the wheel, service and shipping was prompt. I will order one again in the near future. Thank you
Disappointing ? I wanted the 1 with the black stripe in the middle of wheel and it is no longer available !1 I sent the oak 1 back to Forever Sharp
Steering wheel looks good...shipping was good..
I love the look of this on my '66 GMC truck. Great product. There are plenty of videos on YouTube on how to install.
The steering wheel is awesome! I just wish they would specify that you need a hub and a spacer. I didn’t purchase a spacer initially because all the installation videos I watched, stated the spacer was included with the kit. Not sure if they meant the spacer was included in the hub kit or with the wheel but I had to purchase one separately. Now I have to wait another week for it to get here since they didn’t offer faster shipping. I did reach out to customer support and they were pretty helpful. I just think it needs to be specified exactly what additional items one might need to install properly that way everything can be purchased together. That’s my only complain.


COB@LT IS MODESTO'S FIRST TRUE MC (BESIDES TRONIKFUQ) COB@LT HAS BEEN PERFORMING & MAKING/SHARING MUSIC SINCE 1996!. .. COB@LT HAS PERFORMED WITH : KRS-ONE, BUSY-BEE, E-40, CELLY CEL, TURF TALK, YING YANG TWINS, DJ D-STYLES, FREESTYLE FELLOWSHIP (aceyalone, ab-rude, mikah9), PROJECT BLOWED (10th anniversary tour), LIVING LEGENDS, RAKAA IRISCIENCE OF DILATED PEOPLES, CALI AGENTS (rasco & planet asia), CASUAL, PEP LOVE, SOULS OF MISCHIEF, A PLUS, & OPIO OF HIEROGLYPHICS, O.C. of (d.i.t.c.), SABAC RED of NON PHIXION, BORED STIFF, BLACKALICIOUS, APSCI, BlACK SHEEP, THE CUF, DIGITAL UNDERGROUND, IMMORTAL TECHNIQUE, MAC LETHAL, MAC DRE! (r.i.p), EQUIPTO, ANDRE NICKATINA, KIRBY DOMINANT, TOPR, BOAC, CONCEIT, 2MEX, ZMAN, EDDIE.K,STEVIE B (R&B), VISIONARIES, BAYLIFE, KRYPTO & DYSON, YELLOW BUS GANG, MISTAH FAB, SAN QUINN, SPICE-1, BOOM BAP PROJECT, SAAFIR OF HOBO JUNCTION, KAFANI (BABYFACE ASSASSINS), SMOOV-E, P-FOLKS, TWAMP, FIRST DEGREE the D.E., KAZ KYZAH OF THE TEAM, BEEDA WEEDA, MOONSHINE BANDITS, KILLAH PRIEST OF WU-TANG, REMEDY, SOLOMAN CHILD Of THEODORE UNIT, EXISTEREO OF SHAPESHIFTERS, THE NEW BOYZ, BUSDRIVER, SAPIENT, ZION I and countless others while selling thousands & thousands of Cd's over the years. Cob@lt's solo album 'Death Valley' is here courteousy of sphire productions. Guest mc's include: Ex-I, Tight Rope Walkers (Fredo/Swarm/Drake), Supa, Nikfuq, Adlm, Elemess and Deraj. Production by CCS (concentric component sphire productions which is crumble & rich sphire combined), Supa13, Ben sphire, & Elusive. Cob@lt hails from Modesto CA with ties to producers and artists ALL OVER CALIFORNIA & THE WEST COAST. Other projects released include the Broke Citizens album featuring deraj the scatterbrain & Ive so Ignant. The underground hero & gheko brothers collabos with Nikfuq and of Course the new solo album in the works entitled 'Cobalt45' which is almost entirely produced by joey-t with the exception of 4 OR 5 songs by ADEPT, BROKE & ELUSIVE. With astounding lyrics, dope delivery, slumpin beats, clean scratches & prestigious production the newest albums are guaranteed heat. The death valley album is mixed and mastered & ready for release when the time is right. Cobalt 45 will be out early 2010, Broke Citizens album will be out Late 2010 & the NikfuQ & Cobalt collab will be out LATE 2010' . ALSO look out for the new album with JABBERJAWZ ,CACHE, KRIKIT BOI & JOYE-T DUE OUT EARLY 2011!
What type of music do you like?
hip hop, reggae, funk, soul/R&B, breaks, dubstep, jazz, rock, blues
Snellville, GA — Esounds has been producing for almost 10 year, working with artist in the Atlanta, Ga area. Esounds has built a team of producers, songwriters, and engineers to produce the best record.Esounds is rising in the music industry by collabing with multiple artist and releasing his own music. With Esounds talent of producing and finding talented artist he is able to help jump start artist career. Anyone can find Esounds’s music on all streaming planforms, and released music every…See More
Avalanche The Architect has cultivated a unique sound based on the Hip Hop music he grew up with. His passion and drive are extremely apparent, as he pours his love for music into his songs.He aims to bring Hip Hop music back to its roots and infuses his tracks with personal experiences, intense lyricism, and bold imagery. He is dedicated to honing his craft and…See More
ENTER TO WIN A PAIR OF TICKETS. WINNER WILL BE DRAWN RANDOMLY AND ANNOUNCED 2 DAYS PRIOR TO EVENT. MARA HRUBYWED DECEMBER 7, 2022 DOORS: 7:30 PM SHOW: 8:00 PMYoshi's 510 Embarcadero West, Oakland, CA 94607See More
November 23, 2022 at 9pm to November 24, 2022 at 1:30am
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The fifth women to your our listing are Kathryn Bernardo, good Filipina celebrity who was produced during the 1996 within the Cabanatuan, Philippines. This new magnificence concerned the lady immediately following to experience an element of the role during the the ‘. The woman is considered perhaps one of the most important characters in the China-Pacific’s media by Forbes China. Their most other famous Tv show is ‘Princess and you will I’ and you will ‘Los angeles Luna Sangre’ and you may videos ‘Long ago Home’, ‘Should be Love’, and ‘Good morning, Love, Goodbye’.
Other Filipino superstar was Maja Salvador who was simply created inside 1988. She actually is a product, celebrity, dancer, and you can producer. She has an artist service named Crown Artist Administration. The lady motion picture first happened inside 2006 whenever she starred from inside the a headache film ‘Sukob’.
Another actress, musician, and you will sounds movies music producer is Nadine Lustre who was born in the 1993. The woman is this new earliest of one’s four students regarding family members away from a good Filippino partners (we mentioned he’s got large parents, could you think of?). She played regarding the Tv show: ‘On wings out of love’, ‘Till We came across you’, and you may hosted a tv show ‘It’s Showtime’. In addition to this, she was among the many singers on the ‘Pop Girls’ ring. Afterwards, she made a decision to log off the fresh band first off their solamente career and therefore decision is actually correct: through the years, she was able to feel a greatest musician about Philippines. Currently, she suggestions the girl musical below Careless Sounds.
A professional model, celebrity, and tv superstar, Angel Locsin, was born in 1985 during the Bacolod Area, Philippines. This woman is and additionally well-known for her styles desires and profits: she retains a symbol Honor throughout the Us Females Manner & Concept Honors off 2010. The brand new reveal that introduced the girl triumph is named Mulawin (2005). Ever since, the woman job given that a celebrity ran up-and she starred from inside the more than thirty Program and reveals.
The fresh ninth girl to the our very own list are Julia Baretto, an effective Filipino actress whom signifies a tv series providers Baretto clan. She grew up in 1997 to children away from actors, so the girl news industry wasn’t a shock. Out of an early age, she presented an interest in Television. She became greatest once doing the brand new Kokey show. The lady almost every other common work integrated ‘And that i like your so’, ‘Mirabella’, ‘A love to last’.
Cristine was a celebrity regarding Marikina, Manila, the brand new Philippines, who had been produced during the 1989. She already been this lady job taking part in the tv tell you ‘Starstruck’. Upcoming, she made a decision to switch to some other generating providers, ABS-CBN, and start work regarding the film industry too. The girl debut movie, ‘Not one woman’, is actually towards the house windows last year and chinalovecupid profile examples because after that, Cristine Reyes became perhaps one of the most favorite stars on the Philippines.
Various other brilliant female which comes off children off stars, Janine Gutierrez is actually a celebrated Filipino celebrity. She grew up in 1989 within the Cebu Town, new Philippines, and you may become her profession this year in which she participated in the fresh ‘People Pilipinas’ tell you. Next, she played in lots of Television detergent operas you to definitely produced her magnificence: ‘My beloved’, ‘With her Forever’, ‘Absolutely nothing Nanay’, ‘Legitimately Blind’, and you can ‘Dragon lady’. She won more ten prizes on her behalf acting talent from the Philippines.
Carla Abellana is one of the most beautiful ladies in new Philippines. She grew up in 1985 for the Manila, the latest Philippines, to help you a household out of five infants. This woman is a scholar away from De- Los angeles Salle University in the mindset. Carla’s community started in 2009 as a professional design. Later, she was acceptance to experience throughout the remake of the North american country show ‘Rosalinda’ which had been an enormous success. In 2011, she took part in the latest Philippines Trends Month. Besides this, she played a number of movies and you will managed nearly ten Television shows. She keeps four Ideal Celebrity honors.


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PhD Defense: Stefan Schneider
Date and Time
Online via Zoom (If you are interested in viewing the defense please contact Joseph Sawada at email@example.com)
Deep Learning Methods Using Computer Vision Methods for Animal Re-identification
Chair: Dr. Joseph Sawada
Advisor: Dr. Stefan Kremer
Advisory Committee Member: Dr. Stefan Linquist (Philosophy)
Non-Advisory Committee Member: Dr. Fei Song
External Examiner: Dr. Mark Schmidt [University of British Columbia]
Animal re-identification (re-ID) is fundamental to our understanding of community ecology, population dynamics and ethological analyses.
Currently, two methods for animal re-ID are successfully utilized. The first involves tagging/scarring animals, which is reliable, but expensive and invasive. The second involves the use of camera traps images/video placed at strategic locations to capture footage animals as they walk into frame. Camera traps are inexpensive by comparison, less invasive, however require an expert and has low-moderate reliability depending on the species and are subject to human judgment bias. Both methods have been utilized to perform formal mark and recapture studies to estimate population size. From planning to results, current surveys take approximately two years to complete, a delay that can have detrimental impacts by the time policy decisions are made.
Recent advances in the area of deep learning for computer vision offer a promising solution to improve upon the current methodologies for animal re-ID. The success of deep learning methods for human re-ID is well documented when ample training images are available for each individual. Despite this success, little has been done utilizing their capabilities for animal re-ID.
The task of animal re-ID provides an opportunity to improve upon current methods for animal behavioural analyses and monitoring ecosystem health, but it also provides the opportunity to explore how deep learning methods perform using real-world, often ‘messy’ data sets.
In order to implement animal re-ID systems in practice, deep learning systems must be able to accomplish a variety of computer vision objectives. These include: quantifying the number of animals in an image, classifying the animal species within an image, localizing and extracting animal individuals within an image, and lastly re-identifying animal individuals.
This work begins with a review of computer vision methods for animal re-ID (Chapter 2). I explore the quantification of animal individuals from images considering fish and dolphin counts in the Amazon River (Chapter 3). I demonstrate the success of deep learning methods considering species identification, strategies for handling class imbalance, and quantifying performance when testing on background locations that are included/excluded from training (Chapter 4). I demonstrate the ability of deep learning systems to classify and localize animal species from camera trap images considering three global environments (Chapter 5). I then utilize five animal individual data sets to compare the success and generality of similarity comparison deep learning methods for animal re-ID (Chapter 6). Finally, demonstrate these techniques in combination to successfully implement animal re-ID for an entirely novel study of Octopus tetricus social behaviour (Chapter 7).
This work describes the complete animal re-identification pipeline for ecologists to follow in practice, outlining expected accuracies and guidelines for best practices. It imprints results to the machine learning research community considering tasks relative to the under represented task of animal re-ID. This work provides details on the necessary components required to achieve real-time camera trap survey systems. Such systems would allow for results used for researchers or policy decisions to occur at a rate of days-weeks rather than years. Lastly, this work encourages the progress of interdisciplinary areas of science


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Results 1-10 of 757
ELEMENTS THE HUMAN KIND - ATLANTIC SEABOARD, WESTERN CAPE
A well-established luxury brand in the Cape Town CBD is seeking a Graphic Designer to join their team. The successful candidate will need to have an exceptional understanding ... . The role offers the opportunity to design and develop content in a wide variety of mediums. Duties and Responsibilities:Responsible for art direction and graphic design, seeing all ...
Graphic Designer, Nelspruit, R9000 – R12000 depending on experience Maryna Kirwan: / Please upload your CV here > Minimum Requirements: Matric Valid drivers license and own ... reliable transport A qualification in Graphic Design Knowledge of Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop Minimum of 2 years’ experience as a graphic designer Must have experience designing using ...R9000
HR SOLUTIONS FOR TOMORROW - SOUTH AFRICA
Reference: JHB001430%2FFD GRAPHIC DESIGNER - EASTRAND - R14000 The main job purpose of a Mid to Senior Level Designer is to create designs while being systematic and rule-oriented ... in gathering, reviewing and evaluating data from a variety of perspectives to create the best possible design. GRAPHIC DESIGNER - EASTRAND - R14000 The main job purpose of a Mid to Senior ...
PRIVATE - GOODWOOD, NORTHERN SUBURBS
Graphic Designer, Location, Other, North Suburbs, Advertised By Private, Job Type Full-Time. Sun print and graphics looking for a graphic designer to join our team must have ...SALARY NEGOTIABLE BASED ON EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE.
CIPLA MEDPRO - BELLVILLE , WESTERN CAPE
HIRE RESOLVE - CITY OF TSHWANE
... Designing qualifications ExperienceMinimum of 35 years experience in graphic design ReferenceKK003 A company based in Centurion are looking for a M Graphic Designer to join ... their organisation. They are looking for someone with a creative flair and who are uptodate with new technologies. Responsibilities will include designing and creating graphics to meet specific ...
MC RECRUITMENTLTD - JOHANNESBURG
Graphic Designer our client is looking for 2 graphic designers Must have Matric and design/creative qualification, Experience in the media and advertising field Working knowledge ... of Microsoft Office,PowerPoint,Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign 2 years’ experience in graphic design. for this vacancy, please forward your CV to us at MC Recruitment On the contact ...26500
MIRROR IMAGES - JHB - NORTHERN SUBURBS, GAUTENG
5 years Graphic Designer experience The Candidate should have excellent interpersonal skills, working closely with the team Own vehicle and valid Driver’s License Excellent Time ... Management Skills Strong Organizational Skills is a pre-requisite Self-Managed Strong personality Reliable and trustworthy Well presented Well spoken Matric and graphic designer ...18 000 - 20 000 MONTHLY
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domain: design


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Paris 1919 : six months that changed the world /
Between January and July 1919, after "the war to end all wars," men and women from around the world converged on Paris to shape the peace. Center stage was an American president, Woodrow Wilson, who with his Fourteen Points seemed to promise to so many people the fulfillment of their dream...
|Published:||New York : Random House, 2002.|
|Edition:||1st U.S. ed.|
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domain: library


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Tickets for David Copperfield & Dinner at Wolfgang Puck
The magic of David Copperfield & 3 course dinner at Wolfgang Puck
- Dive into a 3-course meal at Wolfgang Puck, one of the most recognized names in the culinary world
- Be spellbound by David Copperfield live on stage with a Category C ticket to his unbelievable illusions and thrilling stories
- A perfect last night for your trip to Las Vegas, or even as a special surprise treat!
Go to Wolfgang Puck in the MGM Grand and Wolfgang Tuck into a fantastic 3-course meal. This is already a fantastic evening, but quicker than you can say "Hey! Where'd the Statue of Liberty go?", you'll find yourself settling in for some spellbinding illusions by none other than David Copperfield.
Wolfgang Puck Bar & Grill in the MGM Grand, one of the most recognized names in the culinary world is reinventing American bar and grill food under the Las Vegas lights.
Your 3-course meal might include such dishes as truffle potato chips, grilled chicken skewers, seared Scottish salmon, or nutella skillet cake. (There's a reason he's so famous!)
When your plates are cleared, it's time to scoot down to the theater, and be spellbound by the legendary David Copperfield - a man who's been called "The greatest illusionist of our time."
Presto! You're having an unforgettable night in Vegas!
- Category C ticket to David Copperfield
- 3-course dinner
- Additional alcoholic drinks
- Dinner: Present your smartphone ticket at the restaurant
- Getting to the restaurant from the MGM grand front desk: Walk into the Casino and turn right just past the Lobby Bar. Continue past the Concierge towards the KA Box Office. Wolfgang Puck will be on your left
- Getting to the restaurant from the Las Vegas Strip: Enter the resort from Las Vegas Boulevard. Walk towards Centrifuge and stay to the left passing The Buffet. Continue through the Casino, passing Jabbawockeez Theater. Walk towards Avenue Café. Continue past CRUSH. Turn right when you reach L’atelier and Wolfgang will be on your right
- Show: Present your smartphone ticket at the entrance
Cancellations are not possible for this ticket.
Monorail to MGM Grand
- Choice of truffle potato chips, point reyes blue cheese sauce, caesar salad, romaine hearts, garlic dressing, parmesan, grilled chicken skewers, yuzu-kosho aioli, soup of the day
- Choice of mushroom ravioli, goat cheese, mushroom butter sauce, seared Scottish salmon, sautéed vegetables, half Jidori chicken, Yukon potato puree, rosemary jus
- Choice of vanilla crème brulee, market berries, nutella skillet cake, candied hazelnuts, banana ice cream


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Acknowledgement of Indigenous Territories
We, Sloane & Blake Inc., acknowledge we are on the unceded territories of the Coastal Salish peoples: xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish), and Sel̓íl̓witulh (Tsleil-Waututh) Nations. We acknowledge and thank those who still live and care for these lands and waters.
We acknowledge unceded land was never given to settlers. It was stolen and continues to be occupied and governed by settlers today. As people living and working on these lands, we feel it is important to bring awareness and listen to the voices of the Coastal Salish peoples who took care of these lands and waters since time immemorial.


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Badurtala School under Bishkhali River erosion threat
Published: 10:33 AM, 5 July 2020
Eastern side of Badurtala Secondary School
Erosion continues in the Bishkhali River due to cyclone Fani and Amphan. And the traditional Badurtala Secondary School in Rajapur, Jhalokati is getting lost in the river due to erosion.
Due to water increase due to the cyclone Fani, the eastern part of the school along with the goods was washed away in the river. Then Amphan, the rising tide, the continuous erosion is slowly swallowing up the school.
It has been seen on the spot that the corridor and some rooms on the eastern side of the school have already disappeared. At any moment the whole school will be lost in the river. At the same time, the mosque adjacent to the school, shops in Badurtala Bazar, and houses will be demolished.
It is learned that the authorities have stopped the educational activities in the school building for a long time due to the collapse of the classroom. Due to this, the studies of more than three hundred students are being disrupted.
Ayub Ali, Headmaster of Badurtala Secondary School, said the Secondary Education Officer, UNO, and other higher authorities have been informed more than once to protect the school. It was not possible to protect the school due to a lack of effective initiatives.
UP member Delwar Khalifa said if the erosion of the Bishkhali River could not be stopped on an emergency basis, the entire school would soon be submerged in the river.
UNO Sohag Hawlader of Rajapur said engineers had inspected the damaged school. The managing committee has been asked to auction the dilapidated building. We are looking for a new place for the school. The work of transferring the school will start as soon as the place is found.


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Membranes of all living cells are composed of (phospho-) lipids assembled into a lipid bilayer, which separates the cells inside from the outside. Depending on the environmental conditions, membranes need different properties to form a suitable barrier. For example, the membranes of archaeal extremophiles need to withstand harsh environmental conditions (high temperatures, salt concentrations, pH, etc.). Therefore, their membranes consist of completely different types of lipids, than for instance the membrane of the model bacterium Escherichia coli.
In this group we study the different types of lipids that are out there. We try to figure out the way they are synthesized and understand their specific function. In this way, we hope to contribute to the general understanding of the lipid membrane synthesis, composition, and regulation. Ultimately, we would like to mimic these processes in the context of a synthetic cell.
‘Cardiolipin’ usually refers to: 1,3-bis(sn-3’-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol (Gro-DPCL), but this lipid species is one of the many various cardiolipins that have been identified. Currently, there are some indications that their production might play a role in the membrane response to certain environmental conditions, but the role of cardiolipins in this process remains to be discovered. A crucial aspect in this will be the unraveling of their enzymatic synthesis. Once the enzymes involved are identified, cardiolipin production can be controlled and the effects studied. Recently, we discovered that an archaeal cardiolipin synthase was capable of synthesizing a wide variety of different cardiolipin species, but not all different sub-classes.
Currently, we are trying to identify similar enzymes with the aim to further discover the enzymatic synthesis of cardiolipins. After the enzymatic synthesis routes have been identified, we can systematically target the enzymes involved and study the role of cardiolipins in vivo.
One of the major challenges in synthetic biology is the bottom-up construction of a synthetic cell. A key feature of such a cell will be its ability to grow and divide, which includes growth of the cellular membrane. Previously, an in vitro phospholipid biosynthesis pathway has been developed that converts simple building blocks into mature phospholipids. The production levels were large enough to observe membrane growth, but further optimization is needed to develop this pathway into a sustainable membrane expansion module.
The developed synthetic pathway forms an excellent starting point to study the phospholipid biosynthesis machinery as a complete entity both in vitro and in vivo. A couple of questions we would like to address are: Do the individual components of the machinery interact with each other? Is there a coupling between membrane growth and cell division? Eventually, this research should help us further progress towards a replicating synthetic cell.

domain: chemistry