text:
Brighton Cemetery Research Trip Written by John, Volunteer Researcher Sally, Tom, Angi, Sandrine and myself, John, met up at the entrance to the Extra Mural Cemetery, on the Lewes Road in Brighton. We had decided that a visit to the burial place of Holy Trinity Church’s most famous Preacher, The Rev. FW Robertson, was due.… Read More Cemetery snapshot: visiting Robertson and Wylds
When researching through the Holy Trinity parish records which are kept at The Keep, we came across some beautifully hand written church meeting minutes. These meeting minutes are a great insight into the church, the decisions they made about it, and the world at that time too. We noticed an organ being mentioned in 1906… Read More Discovering the organ
Meeting Poet Richard Realf’s 3x Great-Niece By Sally Connellan, Research Coordinator Today I met the 3x great-niece of Richard Realf who is writing a book on his life and work, Realf was a poet born in East Sussex (14 June 1832 – 28 October 1878). Richard Realf emigrated to United States in 1854 and traveled all over the US… Read More Robertson and Realf
Training with The Keep Introduction, information and tour The Keep is a centre for archives that opens up access to all the collections of the East Sussex Record Office (ESRO), the Royal Pavilion & Museums Local History Collections and the internationally significant University of Sussex Special Collections. It also works to conserve and preserve archives in… Read More The Keep – information and inspiration
We’re thrilled that the planned restoration on key areas of our 200 year old church space is underway! Here is a spotlight on the first bit of stained glass repair, carried out by specialist Paul Yarde, who has kindly explained his process: “First thing with any restoration is to record with photos and a “brass… Read More Restoration in motion!

domain: library


No. 1688, Gaoke East Road, Pudong new district, Shanghai, China.
• HSI CRUSHER – 4250 Horizontal Impactor – Hydraulic driven variable speed ... Also continuous design progress makes it necessary that specifications be subject to change without notice. All sales of the products of KPI-JCI are subject to the provisions of its standard warranty. KPI …
* Dimension denotes crusher mounting hole centers. 1 Dimension is from bottom of mounting surface to top of feed side of crusher frame (Jaw can be mounted flat or tipped, drawing to confirm orientation is recommended) lippmann-milwaukee.com800.648.0486 CRUSHER CAPACITIES Gape x Width Inches [mm] HP
Allows for safe clearing of crusher chamber in the event of crusher stall under load Applications • Secondary, tertiary or quaternary stage crushing circuits • Specification size and/or shape classification for aggregate crushing • Crushing ore for direct reduction, leaching or milling operations PRODUCT FOCUS Cone Crushers TP …
LT 105 S Specifications & Technical Data (2000-2007) LT 105 S. Rate this machine now! Operating weight: 41t – Crusher opening length: 1.06m – Crusher opening width: 0.7m – Transport length: 16.0m – Transport width: 2.8m – Transport height: 3.4m. Technical specs. Buy & Rent.
of product specification and grading. Adjustment can be hand operated or be fully integrated into automated plant systems. Hydracascade provides greater flexibility and control of the crusher discharge product – flexibility that can accommodate changes in feed specification and control that provides total
Standard Features. Lippmann 42×48 heavy-duty jaw crusher. Extra heavily ribbed steel frame – stress relieved. One-piece steel pitman. Heat-treated forged allow steel eccentric shaft. Oversized tapered roller bearing in both the pitman and frame. Reversible manganese steel jaw dies and extensions. Hardox steel cheek plates.
to modify the specifications to suit a local material source or project, it is best to begin with a state specification. Notice the major differences in the above specification in the top-sized material and the smallest sized material. The base course requires of the material to …
SPECIFICATION - Rev 5. 01-01-2013 2 Features & Benefits The Powerscreen® Metrotrak is a compact, high performance track mobile jaw crushing plant featuring the "M" series single toggle jaw crusher. With an aggressive crushing action & a high output even at tight settings, the Metrotrak is ideally suited for small to medium sized operators
jaw crusher. This will give exceptional levels of throughput, reduction and reability. The XR400 is recommended for applications where there is a risk of steel or other uncrushable material in the feed up to 200 mm cube. The crusher will self protect and open in the event of this creating a crusher overload. Features:
Datasheets for Crushers. Industrial Crushers reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of ra. Crushers: Learn more.
Generally gyratory crushers, jaw crushers, high speed double roll crushers, low speed sizers, impactors and hammer mills are used as primary crushers. In the secondary and subsequent stages, the material is further reduced and refined for proper size and shape, mostly based on specifications. Most secondary crushers are cone crushers and
Durable Gundlach Crushers with Ease of Maintenance Built In. Crusher Roll Designs– The Heart of the Crusher Results are proven in wet, dry, hot, cold, sticky, hard and abrasive crushing applications ranging from run-of-mine material through fine sizing. Dozens of roll configurations are available to meet your crushing needs. Shafts and Bearings
Raptor cone crushers have been designed with input from plant operations and maintenance people around the globe. This input has led to many designs and features that reduce maintenance time and increase production. Raptor cone crushers' critical load bearing components meet specifications that typically exceed what is commonly
Technical specifications ® C Series™ jaw crushers C80™ Technical specifications ® C Series™ jaw crushers C106™ Crusher throughput capacity, scalped feed material Capacity 55 - 75 Closed side setting Crusher throughput capacity, non-scalped feed material Closed side setting 40 mm Mtph Stph Benefits of primary crushing with scalping • Better total capacity in all ...
Limestone Impact Crusher Specification From Crusher Manufacturer. Limestone Impact Crusher Specification. Crusher Manufacturer is a manufacturer of crushers, sand making machines, ball mills, portable crushing plants, vibrating …
Find Crushers on GlobalSpec by specifications. Industrial Crushers reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of ra
crusher tools E.G. Jaw liners are subject to numerous pressure and impact stresses. Several other factors affect the wear lifetime of crusher wear parts as listed in below Diagram . Wear occurs in all crushers, however wear costs can be controlled by selecting the correct crusher type for the abrasive content of the material to be crushed.
4242SR SPECIFICATION 4242SR SPECIFICATION Above photograph features a 4242SR fitted with the optional side conveyor and magnet IMPACT CRUSHER Crusher type: 428 Fixed Hammer Impactor. Feed opening: 1067mm x 711mm. Rotor Width: 1066 mm. Rotor Diameter: 1066 mm (Over Hammers). Crusher frame: Fabricated from steel plate and
Download Free PDF. Download Free PDF. MANUAL . S. Shaikh. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. This paper. A short summary of this paper. 21 Full PDFs related to this paper. Read Paper. MANUAL . Download. Related Papers. GENERAL MACHINIST THEORY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION HIGHER SECONDARY -SECOND YEAR. By Prashanth Prashi ...
XA400 SPECIFICATION The new XA400 is the most modern plant of its type and is packed with new user friendly features. The very high performance of this new package gives unrivalled levels of under crusher access, ease of use and maximum uptime including the following features:-• Plant capacity of 400 tons per hour achievable.
crusher through features such as main frame inspection ports, cartridge countershaft boxes and specially-designed tools. Structural integrity The critical load bearing components of the Raptor cone crushers meet specifications that typically exceed what is commonly offered in a conventional cone crusher. The major components are cast
Dec 26, 2020· About the Skullcandy Crusher ANC. View the manual for the Skullcandy Crusher ANC here, for free. This manual comes under the category Headphones and has been rated by 1 people with an average of a 9.4. This manual is available in the following languages: English.


text:
Even with the season one finale ending on a satisfying note, there are some big questions we still have after watching DC Universe's Doom Patrol.
I am a writer for CBR. I really enjoy what I do and can't wait to work on the next topic.
Articles by Jorge Solis
Based on the popular Fox drama, Prison Break, starring Wentworth Miller and Dominic Purcell, returns once more as a manga adaptation.
Darek Zabrocki, who worked on the Fox-turned-Disney adaptation of Mouse Guard, has shared his concept art from the now-canceled film.
The Justice League Unlimited voice actor called on Warner Bros. to put together a reunion of the fan-favorite animated series.
Warner Media CEO John Stankey announced that Ann Sarnoff will replace Kevin Tsujihara as the new CEO of Warner Bros.
28 Days Later director Danny Boyle and Alex Garland have plans for a third film in the blockbuster horror franchise.
CBS All Access' upcoming adaptation of The Stand is reportedly looking at some very big-name stars.
Former Bond 25 director Danny Boyle explained why he would pick Robert Pattinson to play James Bond.
Before they had a chance to learn about it another way, Tom Holland spoiled Avengers: Endgame's big death for his Far From Home co-stars.
A new TV spot for Disney's Lion King remake features Beyonce and Donald "Childish Gambino" Glover's rendition of 'Can You Feel the Love Tonight.'
Marvel Comics has assembled a team of Canadian artists and writers to create its upcoming one-shot, Alpha Flight: True North.
The Angry Birds Movie 2 teases how the apocalypse will forge a strange alliance between the Birds and the Pigs in an all-new trailer.
Batman's 80th anniversary will be celebrated at Comic-Con International with an exclusive LEGO set of Gotham City.
Paramount Pictures will team with Blumhouse Productions to release a ninth installment in the Paranormal Activity franchise.
The first footage from Tom Cruise's Top Gun: Maverick was revealed at CineEurope, to a positive audience reaction.
Jaws headlines a new lineup of Funko Pop! figures, available exclusively at Comic-Con International in San Diego.
The upcoming CBS All Access series Star Trek: Picard will feature an ensemble cast not unlike Star Trek: The Next Generation's.
Bill & Ted screenwriter Ed Solomon reveals whether or not he considers the television and comic book spinoffs to be series canon.
Fear the Walking Dead star Austin Amelio revealed that he'd like Norman Reedus' Daryl Dixon to join the cast of the Walking Dead spinoff.

domain: news


text:
What is Food Detective?
Food Detective is a test for food intolerance that we can perform in the clinic. The advantage is a much cheaper test plus you don't have to wait weeks to receive results from a laboratory. You get the results during the consult.
Food Detective tests for IgG antibody reactions to the protein components in 59 commonly eaten foods. The test is performed using a blood sample from a finger prick that is diluted and then added to the Food Detective testing tray (containing small spots of food protein extracts). In subsequent steps, the use of detector and developer solutions identify the presence of food antibodies through the appearance of one or more blue spots on the tray.
Food detective gives results in just 40 -50 minutes.
Simple safe accurate and fast - Food Detective is the first in clinic test for food intolerance.
The symptoms of food intolerance can be delayed for many hours or even days and for this reason it is often difficult to identify the problem foods.

domain: food


Schneider releases PowerLogic pm750 electric meter
The new PowerLogic PM750 meter combines quality, versatility and functionality in a cost-effective, ultracompact unit, said Robert Kennedy, director of marketing, Power Management, Schneider Electric North American Operating Division. It can be easily retrofitted into an existing metering system, and is simple to use and configure with user-friendly software and a large, bright LCD display for easy readability, even in extreme lighting conditions and viewing angles.
Complete with power, demand, energy, power factor and frequency measurements, the PM750 meter is available in a variety of configurations and has IEC 62053-21 Class-1 and IEC 62053022 Class 0.5S certification for basic sub-billing or cost allocation. The meter produces high-accuracy measurements that can be used for bill verification, monitoring backup power for critical systems and cost-effective energy management solutions. In addition, the PM750 meter allows for monitoring down to the tool level to help manage cost centers, identify opportunities for demand control and check energy consumption patterns.
For greater control over the performance and overall health of a system, the PM750 meter comes equipped with remote monitoring and control capabilities, allowing it to diagnose and isolate impending problems before they lead to equipment malfunctions or downtime. It features 15 user-configurable alarms, covering the most prevalent over and under conditions in typical power systems. Combining any of the PM750 meters I/Os with these alarms allows for communication through its two-wire RS-845 port for remote monitoring and control.
Headquartered in Palatine, Ill., the North American Operating Division of Schneider Electric had sales of $3.7 billion (U.S.) in 2006. The North American Operating Division is one of four operating divisions of Schneider Electric, headquartered in Paris, France, and markets the Square D, Telemecanique and Merlin Gerin brand products to customers in the United States, Canada and Mexico. In the United States, Schneider Electric is best known by its flagship Square D brand, with Telemecanique becoming increasingly known in the industrial control and automation markets and supported by many Square D distributors. For more than 100 years, Square D has been a market-leading brand of electrical distribution and industrial control products, systems and services. Schneider Electric is a global electrical industry leader with 2006 sales of approximately $17.2 billion (U.S.).
Physik Instrumente releases A-311 PIglide air bearing stage
A-311 PIglide IS Series planar air bearing stage delivers extremely precise and vibration-free motion.
AAEON upgrades to 6th Generation Intel Core Processors
COM-SKUC6 and COM-SKHB6 COM Express modules, IMBM-Q170A, EMB-H110B, EMB-Q170A/Q170B industrial motherboards, and FWS-7820 network appliance are...
GE announces SBC328 GE VPX single board computer
The SBC328 GE Rugged 3U VPX single board computer (SBC) is based on 6th Generation Intel Core technology (“Skylake”).
Congatec introduces conga-TC170 COM Express computers
conga-TC170 computers are based on sixth generation Intel Core processors (codename Skylake).
Amplicon announces Impact-T 400 rugged tower PC
Impact-T 400 has a lightweight fanless aluminum chassis designed for optimal heat dissipation.
Comparing Stainless Steel, Polycarbonate and Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester Enclosures
All enclosure materials ---- stainless steel, polycarbonate and FRP --- will provide protection in a variety of applications. It is...
Endress+Hauser signs Eastern Controls as rep
Eastern Controls is now the E+H rep for the Mid-Atlantic area – Metropolitan New York, Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and...
Registration Opens for Automation Fair
Automation Fair runs November 18-19, 2015 at McCormick Place West, Chicago, IL USA
Circuit Breakers and Fuses Market growing
The global circuit breakers and fuses market will stand at US$31.11 billion by the end of 2021. This translates to a 6% CAGR between 2015 and 2021.
Oxford school has online control of HVAC, water and lighting
Netbiter gateways connected to Rockwell PLCs control the different systems in the EF International Language Centre in Oxford, UK.


Environmental (In)Justice in Native America: The Case of the Owens Valley Paiute
Over the past 150-years the expropriation of land and water from aboriginal communities in the Owens Valley have had devastating impacts for both people and the environment. Impacts include but are not limited to; loss of land and water rights, increased air pollution, habitat destruction and water scarcity. These effects have in turn led to erasure of cultural landscapes and caused enduring historical trauma. While non-Indian communities in the region have experienced similar Environmental Justice (EJ) issues, disproportionate exposures for the native community are due in large part to their exclusion from larger EJ discussions and narratives. This lecture will show how community-based projects can promote an EJ framework within tribes through inclusion, indigenous activism and participant media.
The lecture is from 12:30pm – 2pm at GPB 100 on UC Berkeley campus (across from Pat Brown’s). The lecture will begin with the 30-minute conclusion of the documentary film Mulholland’s Dream followed by a 50-minute talk with 10-minutes of Q&A. Following the lecture is the opening reception of Jenna Cavelle’s exhibition at the Bancroft Library titled Water & Culture: Recovering Owens Valley Paiute History. The reception will last from 2-4pm with Cavelle making remarks at 3pm. For more information contact: email@example.com
Cavelle is a published environmental journalist and researcher with a degree in Conservation and Resources from the University of California, Berkeley and is an entering MFA Candidate in Film at the University of Southern California (Spring 2014). Using a Political Ecology approach, her research examines human-environment interactions throughout the Citarum River Basin in West Java, Indonesia. Here, she explores the ecological, cultural, political, and economic factors that underlie water scarcity, degradation, and conflict with an emphasis on how local systems intersect with global forces to produce changes in access among differing groups.
Currently, Cavelle works with members of the Paiute Indian community of Owens Valley, California on a project that combines education, outreach, and technology to restore cultural memory associated with their ancient irrigation systems. These waterworks are currently in danger of being lost in the Owens Valley landscape through weathering and neglect. In addition, knowledge of the waterworks is also fading from American memory through the loss of culturally transmitted traditional knowledge. Through community engagement, her project works with tribal members to document Paiute irrigation networks and their role in shaping Paiute culture using museum exhibits, cartography and documentary film. While this project has real bearing on tribal customs and interests, it also informs larger local and regional communities.
10th Red Nation Film Festival & Awards Show Event Title presents: “HOLLYWOOD AND THE AMERICAN INDIAN BLACKLIST”
November 5, 2013 @ 9:15pm-10:30pm, Laemmle Theatre, 5240 Lankershim Blvd. NoHo Arts District
Produced by Red Nation Films
Open to public. Admission Event $5.00 per ticket
RSVP: firstname.lastname@example.org > Capacity is limited!
MODERATOR: Joanelle Romero – (Actress, Award-winning Director, Founder of RNFF)
Saginaw Grant – (Actor – The Lone Ranger)
Michelle Thrush – (Actress – Jimmy P. | Blackstone)
Jenna Cavelle – (Journalist, Filmmaker, Research Scholar at UC Berkeley, and Graduate Student in Film at USC’s School of Cinematic Arts)
Shauna Baker – (Actress, Model – Robert Redfords DrunkTown)
Shannon Baker – (Actress, Model)
For more information visit: Red Nation Film Festival
Canada’s rush to exploit its tar sands and shale gas resources will destroy the environment “as fast as possible”, according to Noam Chomsky.
In an interview with the Guardian, the linguist and author criticized the energy policies of the Canadian government under Prime Minister Stephen Harper.
He said: “It means taking every drop of hydrocarbon out of the ground, whether it’s shale gas in New Brunswick or tar sands in Alberta and trying to destroy the environment as fast as possible, with barely a question raised about what the world will look like as a result.”
But indigenous peoples in Canada blocking fossil fuel developments are taking the lead in combatting climate change, he said. Chomsky highlighted indigenous opposition to the Alberta tar sands, the oil deposit that is Canada’s fastest growing source of carbon emissions and is slated for massive expansion despite attracting international criticism and protest.
Read More: The Guardian
For more info email: email@example.com
A hundred years ago — Nov. 5, 1913 — 40,000 people gathered in Sylmar to watch the water arrive for the first time via the Los Angeles Aqueduct from the Owens Valley. It took 5,000 workers five years to complete the $23-million project, which was excavated with dynamite, hand shovels and mule power in rocky canyons and searing desert expanses.
We hope you enjoy this preview of what’s coming Monday, when The Times takes a look back at the aqueduct’s controversial history.
What to look forward to? More archival photos, film and front pages, plus modern photography and an aerial video tour at this page, beginning Monday.
Watch the Series: LA Times
(Reuters) – The U.S. House of Representatives has rediscovered the formula for peace, harmony and an end to gridlock after a month of partisan warfare: $8 billion worth of harbor dredging, dam and lock construction and other federal waterway improvements. The bill got only modest attention in the aftermath of a government shutdown and the technological woes of President Obama’s health law when it passed last week by a vote of 417-3. No error there: 224 Republicans and 193 Democrats, at each others’ throats for the past five years, joined together in what Representative Virginia Foxx called a “love feast.”Pork it was not, members insisted, rejecting the old pejorative term in favor of “infrastructure” spending, and garnishing the title with another word, “reform,” that’s also in vogue. Nor, by members’ definition, were these earmarks, the pet projects inserted by individual members that have become taboo symbols of lavish Washington spending.
Read More: Reuters
Jenna Cavelle and Paiute Harry Williams being interviewed by NPR's The California Report
In “Water Wars: Native American Inclusion and Moving Toward Peace”, PeakWater.org Founder, Jenna Cavelle will share her recent work with the Owens Valley Paiute community with UC Berkeley undergraduates in a course titled ESPM 100: Environmental Problem Solving.
Lecture Summary: “In considering water wars as a global phenomenon that is expected to rise as the climate changes, inclusion of all stakeholders is critical. The solutions for resource conflict are never straightforward but working toward peace begins with healing the historical trauma of affected communities. This lecture will showcase how community service and outreach are restoring cultural landscapes and memory of the Owens Valley Paiute, and in the process, re-imagining peaceful solutions to America’s longest-lived water war.”
November 7th, at 2pm in the Life Sciences Building, Room 101
For more information email: firstname.lastname@example.org
Radiation readings around tanks holding contaminated water at the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant have spiked by more than a fifth to their highest levels, Japan’s nuclear regulator said Wednesday, heightening concerns about the cleanup of the worst atomic disaster in almost three decades.
Radiation hot spots have spread to three holding areas for hundreds of hastily built tanks storing water contaminated by being flushed over three reactors that melted down at the Fukushima Daiichi plant in March 2011.
The rising radiation levels and leaks at the plant further inflamed international alarm, one day after the Japanese government said that it would step in with almost $500 million of funding to fix the growing levels of contaminated water at the plant.
Readings just above the ground near a set of tanks at the plant showed radiation as high as 2,200 millisieverts (mSv), Japan’s Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) said Wednesday. The previous high in areas holding the tanks was the 1,800 mSv recorded Saturday.
READ MORE: Al Jazeera
Boulder, Colorado (CNN)
— An entire community cut off, firefighters huddled on the side of a mountain after water swept their truck away, and — with rescue helicopters grounded — no way to reach them.
This is the scene facing authorities Thursday in Boulder County, Colorado, in the wake of what S called a “devastating storm” that dumped more than half a foot of rain on the region during a 19-hour period.
The widespread flash flooding washed out roads, pushed dams to their limits and beyond and killed at least three people along Colorado’s Rocky Mountain range, from Boulder south to Colorado Springs.
HLNTV.com: 8 stunning Colorado flooding Twitter photos
The worst of the reported damage has come in Boulder County, where the National Weather Service reported that a 20-foot wall of water roared down a mountain canyon north of the city, temporarily trapping a firefighter in a tree. Although injured, the firefighter made it to a nearby home, sheriff’s Cmdr. Heidi Prentup said.
READ MORE: CNN


Invite a friend
Children's Halloween Party -- CANCELED Library Closed
Drop in Halloween Party put on by the Greenville Library Young Adults for the preschool and elementary school children.
There will be face painting, pumpkin bowling, a story corner, crafts, bean bag toss and more.
Costumes are encouraged.
More About Greenville Public Library
~ Celebrating 130 years of service to the community ~
Greenville Public Library serves members of the Greenville area, offering a range of services such as adult programs and book clubs, senior computer classes, children's story hours, homework help for children and teens and access to library telescopes.
There is a book drop located near the wheelchair entrance.
E-Books are available with a Greenville Library or Ocean State Libraries library card.
There is also a printable calendar of events available on the website.
Other events here
- Homebuyer Education Class Tue, Jun 11, 6:00 pm–9:30 pm


text:
The Denver-based Crime & Beyond Book Club has a new David Baldacci book to recommend. Read on for Kerry Hammond’s report.
This month the Crime & Beyond Book Club met to discuss The Guilty by David Baldacci. The Guilty is Baldacci’s 4th book in the Will Robie series, and he has written several books in the Camel Club and King and Maxwell series as well—the latter having been a TV show starring Rebecca Romijn. All in all, the author has written 32 novels for adults and, luckily, seems to have no intent on stopping.
In The Guilty, Will Robie is a government assassin, a very good one. That is until one day when he can’t pull the trigger. Failing at the one thing he’s good at puts Will into a personal tailspin, one that he needs desperately to come out of. As Will steps back to analyze what is happening to him, he ends up going back to his hometown of Cantrell, Mississippi. Not only does he think he has some personal demons he needs to confront there, but he finds out that his father is about to go on trial for murder, and Will may be the only one who can help him.
This was our club’s first Will Robie novel and the book got great reviews from our members. As a group, we like Baldacci’s writing. The book contains clever twists and plenty of action. The characters drew us in and we enjoyed both the father/son relationship between Will and his Dad, as well as the friendship between Will and Jessica Reel, his co-worker of sorts.
In addition to great characters and a twisting plot, the setting of the book added a strong layer of suspense to the novel. Baldacci portrayed Cantrell, Mississippi in such a way as to draw us all into the local politics you might find in such a small southern town.
We were able to find quite a bit to discuss, always a plus in a book club. The Guilty is a great book club read and recommended.
Follow Kerry on Twitter @kerryhammond88

domain: artistic


text:
Currently, a variety of sensing methods based on optics, acoustics, and electromagnetics are widely applied for ocean observation and exploration. Acoustic sensing contains various sonar devices for seafloor mapping, submersible navigation, and underwater object. Optical sensing technologies applied to ocean exploration include underwater imaging for objects inspection, spectrophotometry, and fluorophotometry for environmental parameters monitoring. Technologies of electromagnetics are used for underwater metal detection such as mines and mineral resources, and for underwater inspections of cables and pipelines.
1. Geological Survey
Although ocean observation has been made for hundreds of years, only a limited percentage of the entire seabed has been measured for depth
. The lack of seafloor maps has significantly limited the progress of human investigation and understanding of the oceans. With the advancement of sensing technologies and the increase in human activities in the oceans, low-cost and high-resolution ocean observation devices have been developed and equipped on various platforms, such as single-beam sonar, multibeam sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and side-scan sonar. The Nippon Foundation and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) plan to cooperate globally to map the whole seafloor topography by the end of 2030
. The detailed charted topography of the whole ocean will have a great help on understanding of marine geology, utilizing the marine mineral and renewable energy resources, monitoring the marine geohazards and providing route surveys for underwater cables and pipelines
. Because of the efficiency and convenience, remote sensing devices have also become a popular research topic in recent years, such as satellite altimetry, bathymetric LiDAR, and satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB)
. However, their resolution and accuracy are still far from measurement at close range
2. Navigation and Communication
Underwater navigation and communication are the key technologies to locate and control submersibles. Due to the high attenuation in seawater, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) cannot be used underwater
. For long-term tasks, submersibles must be equipped with high-precision navigation systems. Inertial/dead reckoning (DR), acoustic and geophysical navigation are introduced for underwater navigation. In addition, different technologies are developed for underwater communications. However, there is still no high bandwidth, long-distance, and low power consumption communication solution until now.
2.1. Location and Navigation
Due to the cable links and professional pilots, ROVs are not as flexible as AUVs. It is also because of this, that AUVs are more dependent on navigation and positioning. Compared to ROVs, AUVs are more flexible and with low cost of use. In addition to the battery life, navigation ranges will also limit the underwater activities of AUVs
. The inertial/dead reckoning(DR), acoustic navigation, and geophysical navigation technologies are introduced in the following sections and summarized in Table 1
Three main categories of underwater navigations
||uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to estimate the current state
||Magnetic compass, barometer or pressure sensor, DVL, INS
||Increasing and unbounded position error
||measuring the time of flight (TOF) of signals from acoustic beacons to perform navigate
||LBL, UBL, USBL
||Depending on beacons
||use external environmental information as references for navigation
||Magnetic field maps, visual-based seabed images, identify feature acoustically
||Depending on sensors to identify environmental features
2.2. Underwater Communication
Due to the strong conductivity of seawater, radio frequency (RF) communications are severely attenuated in the ocean. So, it cannot be used for underwater communication. Communication systems are composed of a transmitter, a communication channel, and a receiver. The transmitter can transmit information by modulating the information signal on the carrier signal. Combined with the characteristics of the ocean, the widely used communication methods include fiber-optic communication, underwater acoustic communication, RF communication, and optical visible light communication. Moreover, some other communication methods, such as quantum communication, are also being under research.
3. Essential Ocean Variables
Human activities in coastal areas are increasing because the exploration and exploitation of the ocean are becoming more and more intensive. Most of the pollution in the ocean comes from human activities, including oil spills, garbage dumping, and domestic and industrial wastewater discharge
. The ocean has a vast area, so the source of pollution can be anywhere in any country, which makes it challenging to prevent. In addition, once the ocean is polluted, it will spread globally through ocean currents. Ocean has a considerable influence on the global climate and ecosystem. Although the ocean has a robust self-healing ecosystem, it takes a long time to recover. Therefore, it is vital to have overwhelming monitoring of the ocean environmental conditions, significantly how human activities impact the marine ecosystem. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) has listed many ocean research and assessment variables, called essential ocean variables (EOVs)
. They are divided into four classes, physics, biochemistry, biology, and ecosystems, and cross-disciplinary. Most commercially used sensors can cover EOVs in physics and biochemistry.
3.1. CTD—Conductivity, Temperature and Depth
CTD is an instrument applied to measure conductivity, temperature, and depth in the ocean, playing an essential role in submersible navigation and environmental monitoring. Among them, the measurement of salinity, namely conductivity, is the most complex. As early as 1901, Knudsen discovered that seawater salinity could be calculated using electrical conductivity, but it was not until the 1950s that people began to put this method into practice
. The first multifunctional salinity sensing instrument, salinity-temperature-depth (STD), was developed
. Three years later, to fix the fouling problem when used in seawater, an inductive cell was added to STD
. In the following decades, digitalization and microprocessor were added into the development of sensing instruments gradually, which solved salinity ’spiking’ issues caused by a mismatch of sensor response time between temperature and conductivity
. After that, the practical salinity scale was proposed, which leads to the generalization and standardization of the measurement
. In the following 30 years, the practical salinity scale of 1978 (PSS-78)
has made significant contributions to the research of the oceans. The most classic CTD of Seabird should be the SBE-41 series CTDs, which is designed for the Argo program to profiling 2000 m underwater. Over 15,000 SBE-41 CTDs have been equipped on Argo floats, which validated the stability of these products. In 2010, TEOS-10 was introduced and gradually replaced the practical salinity scale (EOS-80), which has also been accepted by various organizations worldwide
. This new standard calculates the properties of seawater by constructing a Gibbs function for seawater
. It considers the composition of seawater, its spatial distribution, and the influence of the central material on the density of seawater, which will significantly advance the development of marine science and related interdisciplinary disciplines. The temperature sensor used in CTD is usually a platinum thermistor because of its high accuracy and broader range. The depth measurement is still obtained by converting the pressure measurement. Their advantages and disadvantages of pressure sensors based on piezoresistive, capacitive, and resonant technologies are compared in Table 2
Table 2. Advantages and disadvantages of pressure sensors used for CTDs.
||simple structure, small size, high precision
||simple structure, high precision, high robustness
||large non-linear error
||stable construction, high precision, high stability
||complex manufacturing and high cost
Turbidity refers to the resistance to the passing light in solution, which includes scattering light by suspended matter and the absorption of light by solute molecules. The turbidity of water is related to the content of suspended substances in water and their size, shape, and refraction coefficient. Currently, turbidity measurement is based on transmission and scattering methods. The transmission method measures the transmitted light through solutions, but it does not apply to low turbidity measurement. Because in low-turbidity solution, it has little resistance to light, leading to measurement difficulties. The scattering method is better for the measurement of low turbidity solutions because, in a high turbidity solution, multiple scattering occurs, and accurate results cannot be obtained. The ISO-7027 standard specifies that for drinking water, the nephelometry method is used
. A turbidimetry can be used for the measurement of seawater turbidity.
3.3. Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the molecular state of oxygen dissolved in water . It can get continuous replenishment mainly by the dissolution of oxygen from the air and the photosynthesis of plants in the water. If seawater is polluted by organic matter, oxygen in the water will be seriously consumed. Moreover, when dissolved oxygen is not timely replenished, anaerobic bacteria in the water will get rapid reproduction, which leads to the corruption of organic matter and makes the water body more polluted and smelly. Therefore, the amount of dissolved oxygen in water is an indicator of the self-purification ability of the water. The commonly used methods for measuring DO include the Winkler method, electrochemical method, and optical method . Winkler’s method uses chemical reaction for measurement, which is highly accurate but cumbersome and cannot be measured in-situ. The electrochemical method is based on the current generated by the redox reaction at the electrode to determine the measurement, the measurement efficiency is high, but the reaction electrode is accessible to age, which needs regular maintenance and replacement . The optical method overcomes these disadvantages and is more durable but also more expensive.
4. Underwater Inspections
Throughout the thousands of years in human history, many cultural heritages and a significant number of wrecks, including planes and ships, have been submerged underwater. It is not easy to search and investigate in such a vast and complex ocean. During the wreck search of flight MH370, although many ships, satellites, and AUVs equipped with advanced sensors were put into action, it has not been found since 2014
. In addition to wrecks and cultural heritages, cables, pipelines, and other equipment are constructed underwater, which must be tracked and inspected regularly. Surveys in shallow waters can be carried out by diver observation and video records. However, diver’s observations are time-consuming and high-risk. The inspections in marine areas are conducted by ROVs, which are equipped with 3D sonar, and LiDAR
. As humans increasingly explore the oceans, more targets need to be searched, detected, and maintained. Due to the successful development of computer vision and algorithms is applied in underwater and sonar images to detect objects. Moreover, in maritime security, underwater object detection technology is also used to identify intruders and ocean mines.
4.1. Underwater Detection
Usually, cultural heritages and wrecks are well preserved in low oxygen conditions underwater. However, human activities, including fishing nets, marine geohazards, and seabed geological change, can lead to damages to these monuments
. In order to help archaeologists better investigate and protect historical sites, it is necessary to do the surveys more efficiently. Currently, commonly used underwater archaeological surveys include visual methods and sonar images, which are used for object detection. In addition, in maritime security, underwater object detection technology is also used to identify moving intruders and ocean mines.
Due to the absorptive and scattering characteristic of seawater, there are many challenges for underwater imaging
. In addition, light can further attenuate due to the suspended particulate matter, and substances in water
. For the vision system, light needs to travel in three different media (water, viewports, air) as shown in Figure 1
. Transparent viewport housing is often made from transparent glass or acrylic, made in a domed shape. As Figure 1
shows, the refraction provokes a pin-cushion distortion, which makes that the most significant reconstruction errors appear at the edges of the target [32
Domed shape viewport housing is designed to eliminate the problem, as Figure 1
shows. Furthermore, an image processing algorithm is another way to calibrate the system.
Figure 1. (a). Imaging distortion effect of non-domed shape viewport. (b). Domed shape viewport will release the imaging distortion effect .
4.2. Track and Inspect
By now, more than 8000 km of power cables, 1.3 million km of submarine telecommunication cables, and 3 million km of active pipelines have been laid under the oceans
. Figure 2
a,b shows the deployed submarine communication cables which connect around the world. The percentages of causing cable damage are classified as a percentage in Figure 2
c. Anchoring, fishing, and other human activities mainly lead to cable faults, which could have significant disturbances worldwide
. It is necessary to inspect cables regularly.
) Submarine cables around the world
) Cross section of submarine communication cable
) Causes of faults for cables

domain: geography


text:
From Oscar of Between, Part 33 A Excerpt
Toronto. Rush hour beginning. Oscar on Bloor Street — steely cumulus clouds compacting air — rain soon to pelt down. Oscar walking for past couple of hours searching for postal outlet and looking for a weekly gift she sends in EXPRESS ENVELOPE to her son. Oscar. Aching to find her way into Oscar of Between: images, phrases, ideas, pulsating words have been circling in her head for past few days. Oscar. Eager to cross the threshold but there’s always the question of how to? Must be discovered each time. Impatient with herself for taking so long yet reminding herself that she just finished the Margento essay and that, unlike being in Denis’ flat near Plateau Mont-Royal, in Toronto she’s having to learn a new neighbourhood. Then. It happens!
Having found the postal outlet, purchased EXPRESS ENVELOPE, she’s walking back to the apartment amidst rush-hour-pedestrians-push while trying to insert a five-dollar bill into her change purse when coins and TTC tokens spray out across sidewalk. An approaching young man with baseball cap askew shouts to girlfriend at his side:
“Hey. Watch out! This is the latest scam! Don’t help him! It was on the news last night!”
Oscar. Squats to pick up coins and tokens, glances up at him as he stops to watch. Quick assessment. He decides. Crouches down and helps as people stream by on either side but continues on to his girlfriend:
“If you put your bag down to help them, they grab it and take off!”
Toronto. Bloor at Ossington. 5:13 p.m. It happens! Torturing array of images, words, ideas begin to connect.
Oscar crosses the threshold.
Next morn. Oscar having encountered Oscar now shy around Oscar, so tempted by distractions. To focus herself, Oscar gives her self the advice she gave to her students in the manuscript course she recently taught.
“At the heart of every narrative is contradiction. Don’t try to get rid of it. Write into it.”
Then her mind darts back to Oscar’s Salon and how stimulating she finds readers’ riffs, creative writing pieces, observations and critical thinking posted there, yet now she yearns for seclusion.
Curious. Oscar’s taken for a man more frequently in Toronto than in Vancouver, but with a difference — initial responses are more power-dynamic-infused, edgy. If someone becomes aware she’s a woman, no apology is issued (frequently is in Vancouver), which is a relief.
She ponders this as she stands in line waiting for her bank’s ATM and notices how similar ATM machines are to urinals — how men stand with their legs apart as if at. Watches how both genders use their bodies to shield their passwords as they would if their private parts were suddenly exposed in public. Muses on how stiff bills stick out from the slot into our readied hands.
by a rawlings
Forthcoming from Broken Dimanche Press, 2016
A woman sits facing me, facing men.
A woman is feet away from men, from me.
A woman reclines— torso slumped, legs splayed, feet planted.
A woman appears large though impassive, her eyes and facial muscles the only movement.
A woman’s aura sings; my eyes focus on her and light auroras around her.
A woman sits facing me, facing men, facing each one in turn, holding eye contact with ease. I assume this ease. When a woman looks at me, I look at her. When a woman does not look at me, I look at her. I want her to look at me but I also want her to look away. I am quiet but then I am loud, muddled, wanting.
A woman and I look at each other. My face mirrors hers or is it the other way around. I am calm but busy. My forehead and chin twitch. My head cocks to the right. My lips play a soft upturned amusement. Worry lines lift my forehead. I notice my own protracted bodily shift. I notice my breathing. I notice that I notice.
A woman’s face lines. Her eye contact steadies and studies; so does mine. Our eyes connect. I look at a woman and I wonder what I see. As a woman looks at me, I wonder how a woman sees me.
Somewhere, a breast.
I read Oscar’s Salon because
I was born at zero degrees Pisces/Aries – so I’m told. Water falls. Fire rises. I grew up and lived most of my life in Banff – village within Park within wilderness, a very odd in between place. I’m drawn to locales and situations which transcend borders – of time, of place, of being. I’ve worked with ancestral photographs, the standing stones of Brittany, inter tidal zones, the plant queendom, spiritual dimensions. At the edge of the wild I ask, how can we see beyond divisions, definitions and limitations which alienate humans from nature? I enter Oscar’s Salon and am greeted by: to note each other accurately; to be noted accurately: what we long for. I feel welcomed and revitalized at this intersection where bees buzz in middle c, gender greets nature, descendent conjures ancestor and artists exchange innermost musings.
Carole Harmon has followed a winding road of theatre, photography, and regional publishing to reach the poetry workshop of TWS 2016 where she studies poetry and lyric prose under Meredith Quartermain and privately with Ingrid Rose. Carole grew up in Banff National Park and has explored our understanding of nature through photography and collage. She is working on a collection of poems, in part as a creature advocate. Previous published works include hand made artist books: Unsung – words and images and Pool. In Banff, through Altitude Publishing Ltd. and Harmon Gallery, Carole created numerous books of Canadian Rockies photography and Canadian history.

domain: literature


text:
Economic Evaluation of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation
OBJECTIVE: In the previously reported Nitric Oxide for Chronic Lung Disease (NO CLD) trial, ventilated preterm infants who received a course of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) between 7 and 21 days of life had a significant improvement in survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as well as a shorter duration of admission and ventilation. However, the price for the drug may be a barrier to widespread use. We sought to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of iNO therapy to prevent BPD in infants of <1250 g birth weight.
METHODS: We used patient-level data from the NO CLD randomized trial. The study took a third-party payer perspective and measured costs and effects through hospital discharge. We applied previously reported hospital per-diem costs stratified according to intensity of ventilatory support, nitric oxide costs from standard market prices, and professional (physician) fees from the Medicare fee schedule. We compared log transformed costs by using multivariable modeling and performed incremental cost-effectiveness analysis with estimation of uncertainty through nonparametric bootstrapping.
RESULTS: The mean cost per infant was $193125 in the placebo group and $194702 in the iNO group (adjusted P = .17). The point estimate for the incremental cost per additional survivor without BPD was $21297. For infants in whom iNO was initiated between 7 and 14 days of life, the mean cost per infant was $187407 in the placebo group and $181525 in the iNO group (adjusted P = .46). In this group of early treated infants, there was a 71% probability that iNO actually decreased costs while improving outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite its higher price relative to many other neonatal therapies, iNO in this trial was not associated with higher costs of care, an effect that is likely due to its impact on length of stay and ventilation. Indeed, for infants who receive nitric oxide between 7 and 14 days of life, the therapy seemed to lower costs while improving outcomes.
In recent years, several clinical studies have explored the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for prevention of death as well as pulmonary disability in preterm infants.1–5 In the most recent of these reports, the Nitric Oxide for Chronic Lung Disease (NO CLD) study group showed that ventilated infants with birth weight 500 to 1250 g who received a minimum of 24 days of nitric oxide had improved survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as well as shorter lengths of stay and requirement for supplemental oxygen.1,2
Studies such as the NO CLD study mark a new line of investigation for nitric oxide, with potentially important resource implications. Previous investigations had shown the utility of the drug as rescue therapy for term or near-term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension.6 In that population, the relatively expensive therapy was highly targeted to a small group of infants for fairly short treatment courses, and was shown to be efficacious and cost-effective.7–9 In contrast, a new indication for use in ventilated preterm infants at high risk of BPD would involve treatment of much larger numbers of patients and for substantially longer courses. It has been unclear to what extent the drug cost for this indication would be offset by improved patient outcomes or decreased resource use. We undertook a retrospective economic evaluation using patient-level data from the NO CLD trial to determine the value for money of treatment of ventilated extremely low birth weight infants with nitric oxide.
Overview of the Clinical Trial
The NO CLD trial enrolled 582 infants from 21 NICUs in the United States between 2000 and 2005.1,2 Infants were 500 to 1250 g, with gestational age at birth of ≤32 weeks, and required either mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) between 7 and 21 days of age. Infants were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or iNO at weekly decreasing doses, beginning at 20 ppm, for a minimum of 24 days. Gas was continued after extubation by using either nasal CPAP or nasal cannula. The study had 80% power to detect a 12.5% improvement in its primary composite outcome of survival without BPD. The trial noted an improvement in survival without BPD, from 36.5% to 43.9%, in infants treated with iNO (P = .03), as well as a shortening in days of oxygen support (P = .006) and duration of initial hospital admission (P = .04). Treated infants were also significantly more likely to have been discharged or off respiratory support at 40 weeks (P = .01) and 44 weeks (P = .03) postmenstrual age,1 and significantly fewer treated infants required treatment with pulmonary medications in the first year of life.10 In posthoc analyses, there was a significant interaction between treatment and age at study enrollment: survival without BPD at 36 weeks for infants who enrolled in the study between 7 and 14 days of life was 27% in the placebo arm and 49.1% in the iNO arm (P = .0004). Approval for the study was obtained from institutional review boards of participating hospitals and for subsequent analyses from the University of California, San Francisco institutional review board.
Framing of Economic Evaluation
We undertook a retrospective, incremental cost-effectiveness analysis by using patient-level data from the original clinical trial. We used a third-party payer perspective, in which direct medical costs relevant to a payer were considered. Because of data limitations, we did not include costs relevant to parents, such as out-of-pocket expenses or work absences. We considered costs and benefits through the first discharge from the hospital. In light of this time horizon, we did not discount costs or effects. All analyses were undertaken by using an intention to treat approach.
Sources for Resource Tallies, Costs, and Effects
Information on use of medical resources was collected in the case report forms for the clinical trial. These data included days in hospital on mechanical ventilation, CPAP, oxygen, or room air. During the transition from mechanical ventilation to CPAP, an infant needed to remain extubated for at least 3 days to be considered successfully extubated. Subsequent brief periods on ventilation, for example for herniorrhaphy, were not included. High flow nasal cannula was considered to be CPAP. Information on ventilatory support was collected daily for the first 28 days of the trial, then weekly.
We obtained per-diem hospital costs for each level of respiratory acuity (mechanical ventilation, CPAP, oxygen, or no support) from a separate database of all daily charges for a similar group of patients in 1 tertiary-care NICU. Although stratified by level of ventilation, these per-diem averages considered all charges for patient care, including both personnel and nonpersonnel charges, as well as allocated values for hospital overhead expenses. Charges were converted to costs by using cost center-specific federal cost-to-charge ratios.11,12 Such ratios use a standardized, federally mandated methodology to ensure that they represent the true costs of hospital care, and are available for both adult and pediatric hospitals. The resulting daily costs were $1986 for infants on mechanical ventilation, $1694 for infants on CPAP, $765 for infants on nasal cannula, and $656 for infants in room air. We calculated physician fees ($478 for critical infants after the first day of life and $170 for noncritical infants <1500 g) by using resource-based relative value unit for critical care and intensive care, converted to costs by using the Medicare conversion factor for 2005.13 We used the market price for nitric oxide, which was $12000 for a course extending to 30 days at the time the trial was undertaken. All costs are reported in 2006 US dollars.
To maintain consistency with the clinical trial, we used survival without BPD as the effectiveness measure for the economic evaluation.
We compared differences in resource use by using the log-rank test.
Where initial descriptive analyses indicated that cost data were skewed, we performed log-transformation to achieve a normal distribution.14 Because siblings share genetic and prenatal characteristics related to the occurrence of chronic lung disease, their data are considered clustered. To account for such nonindependence of data from multiple gestation infants, we compared total daily costs by using general estimating equations, in which the dependant variable was log-transformed total daily cost, and independent variables included study arm, study site, gestational age, and birth weight.2
We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio by dividing the difference in mean cost per patient in the placebo and intervention arms by the difference in the mean effect between the study arms. The variance of this incremental cost-effectiveness ratio must consider the cost and effect distributions simultaneously and cannot, therefore, be accurately calculated by using traditional methods. To assess statistical uncertainty in the joint distribution of costs and effects, we used nonparametric bootstrapping, in which we chose 1000 samples of 582 infants, with replacement, from the original study data set.14–16 For each sample, we calculated mean cost, mean effect, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. We determined the proportion of these cost-effectiveness values below thresholds of $0 to $300000 per case of death or BPD avoided, corresponding to the probability that the therapy would be considered appealing to decision-makers with these willingness to pay thresholds.17
Finally, we assessed uncertainty in parameter values by using sensitivity analysis, in which we recalculated the cost-effectiveness after varying the input values for stratified daily hospital cost and physician fees from 50% to 150% of the baseline. We performed similar sensitivity analysis by varying the cost of iNO from $1200 per course to $24000 per course.
Because posthoc analysis of the clinical trial had shown greater efficacy for infants enrolled early, we performed all analyses separately for the full cohort and for infants enrolled on days 7 to 14 of life.
Resource Use Comparison
The study population for the economic evaluation was identical to that for the previously reported clinical trial. As shown in Table 1, there were no baseline differences in gestational age, birth weight, gender, or race for either the entire cohort or for the 7 to 14 day cohort.
Table 2 shows resource use before hospital discharge. Survival curves for the proportion of infants requiring ventilatory support or ongoing hospitalization are presented in Figs 1 and 2, respectively. For the full cohort, as well as for the 7 to 14 day group, infants in the nitric oxide group had significantly fewer days in the hospital. The full cohort also had significantly fewer days on either CPAP or ventilatory support, and were more likely to be discharged alive and in room air.
A disaggregated description of mean costs is provided in Table 3. Nitric-oxide–treated infants in the full cohort showed trends toward lower hospital and physician costs, but differences did not meet statistical significance. Similarly, infants who received nitric oxide beginning between 7 and 14 days of life showed trends toward lower hospital, physician, and total costs, but these were also not statistically significant.
In multivariable analyses adjusting for hospital site, gestational age, birth weight, and age at enrollment, costs were statistically similar between the nitric oxide and placebo groups for both the full cohort (P = .17) and the 7 to 14 day cohorts (P = .46).
Point estimates for the calculation of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio are shown in Table 4. For the full cohort, the incremental cost was $21 297 for each additional iNO-treated survivor without chronic lung disease. For infants enrolled between 7 and 14 days of age, the point estimate for total costs was lower by $5882 for nitric oxide–treated infants, whereas the proportion of infants surviving without chronic lung disease was substantially better. Because nitric oxide reduces costs while improving outcomes, it is considered “dominant” or cost-saving in this population.
In Fig 3, we have plotted the mean cost and mean effectiveness for each of the 1000 bootstrap replications, reflecting the statistical uncertainty in our joint estimate of cost per survivor without chronic lung disease, for infants enrolled between 7 and 14 days of life. In this figure, the right lower quadrant represents therapies with lower costs and improved effectiveness, whereas the left upper quadrant represents therapies with higher costs and lower effectiveness. Therapies in the right upper quadrant cost more than placebo but are more effective. In our analysis, 71% of the bootstrap replications are in the lower right quadrant, indicating a 71% probability in repeated trials that this therapy would actually reduce costs while improving outcomes. The corresponding probability for the full cohort was 43%.
Because most health policy decision-makers would adopt a therapy even if it did not save money, provided that the cost per outcome were in a reasonable range, we also generated the corresponding cost-effectiveness acceptability curve, shown in Fig 4. This curve plots the probability that an intervention would be considered economically desirable by a decision-maker who was willing to pay between $0 and $300 000 per survivor without chronic lung disease. On this chart, 95% of the replications were either cost saving or were below an expenditure of $67 000 per additional survivor without chronic lung disease for infants who were enrolled between 7 and 14 days of life. This would correspond to a traditional “statistically significant” difference in the proportion of infants meeting this threshold at the P = .05 level.
Because there is only 1 supplier of pharmaceutical grade nitric oxide in the United States, its market price may not accurately reflect its price of production. We, therefore, repeated the above analyses after varying the price of iNO from $1200 per course to $24 000 per course. As shown in Fig 5, the cost-effectiveness depends on the price for a course of treatment. However, the point estimate for the cost per survivor without BPD remains below 0 (ie, it continues to be cost-saving) through a cost of approximately $10 000 for all infants, or approximately $17 000 for infants who were enrolled between 7 and 14 days of life.
Because the unit prices for medical care may vary substantially between locales and institutions, Table 5 presents the results of sensitivity analysis of costs other than the study drug. Higher unit costs for either a day of hospital care or physician fees improved the cost-effectiveness, because iNO shortened admission and time on more expensive ventilatory support. Conversely, if actual unit prices were lower than our base case estimates, cost-effectiveness is worse. In the latter scenario, lowering all non-iNO costs by 50% resulted in a cost of $95 610 per additional survivor without BPD.
In this retrospective economic evaluation, we used patient-level data from a multi-center randomized, controlled trial to document the value-for-money, through hospital discharge, of iNO for prevention of death and BPD. Contrary to previous concerns that the intervention would increase the cost of care, we found that infants treated with iNO had statistically similar costs to those in the placebo group, because the cost of the drug was offset by a decrease in days of ventilation and hospital admission. For infants enrolled between 7 and 14 days of life, who were subject to posthoc analysis in the original clinical trial report, we documented a 95% probability that the intervention cost less than $67 000 per additional survivor without BPD, and a 71% probability that it actually saved money while improving outcomes.
Because most formal economic evaluations alongside neonatal randomized trials have used different measures of effect, it is difficult to make direct comparisons to other therapies. The cost-effectiveness of iNO in our preterm population does seem to compare favorably to that of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (£13 385 per year of life gained)18; iNO for respiratory failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension in term infants ($33 234 per life gained)9; and universal, rather than selective, hearing screening ($44 000 per case of deafness detected by 6 months).19 Although this may seem surprising given the high price, the daily cost of neonatal intensive care is also quite high, so an intervention that shortens length of stay without incurring other adverse resource consequences is likely to be economically appealing.
It is important to note that our results were sensitive to the price of a course of iNO. Infants who received the drug would have had lower costs and better outcomes with drug costs up to $10 000 per course for all infants and $17 000 for infants who enrolled between 7 and 14 days of life. Unfortunately, the market price of a drug for which there is only 1 supplier is unlikely to reflect its price of production. Until competition drives prices down to the cost of production plus a normal profit, we cannot determine if the true cost-effectiveness is actually better than that estimated here. Conversely, the pricing structure in the United States includes a ceiling on the total charge. If current market prices were continued on an hourly basis for a full 24 days, there is the potential for a substantial decrement in cost-effectiveness.
We undertook this economic evaluation after the results of the randomized, controlled trial were reported. The retrospective nature of the study gives rise to certain limitations that should be considered in interpreting the results. First, because the trial case report forms did not include any information on parental out-of-pocket expenditures or work absence, we were unable to undertake a “societal perspective,” in which all costs to all parties are considered. The narrower, “third-party payer” perspective, which considers costs accruing to the supplier of medical services only, might miss important costs borne by families and other nonmedical participants in a patient's care.
Similarly, because we did not collect extensive resource use information after discharge, our time horizon for the economic evaluation was limited to hospital discharge, in parallel with the primary outcome of the clinical trial. Because 36-week, 40-week, and 44-week outcomes were all better in the iNO group,1 1-year pulmonary outcomes were improved,10 and 24-month neurodevelopmental outcomes were statistically similar,20 it is likely that resource use in the iNO patients after discharge would be less that that for placebo patients.
Our per-diem cost estimates are consistent with daily costs of prematurity derived from total hospitalization costs previously reported in the literature,21 but may seem conservative to readers who are familiar with neonatal charges and reimbursements.22 It is therefore important to note that, because the economic benefits of nitric oxide seem to be because of shorter lengths of stay and ventilation, the use of higher per-diem cost inputs would result in lower (improved) cost-effectiveness estimates. This is borne out in sensitivity analyses in which the total cost savings improved substantially when hospital or physician cost inputs were assumed to be 50% higher than in the base case.
The cost-effectiveness of any therapy depends not only on such resource considerations but on the measured effectiveness. In this regard, our most notable result was in the subsample of patients enrolled between 7 and 14 days of age, for whom the efficacy estimate was derived in posthoc analysis. We recognize the potential for bias inherent in posthoc analyses; however, because adoption of iNO is under consideration on the basis of these data, we believe the associated economic outcomes should still have utility for clinicians and policy maker. The NO CLD trial also used a different treatment protocol compared with other trials of iNO in preterm infants, by starting iNO later and treating for longer with higher total doses. The conclusions of this evaluation cannot be generalized to these other therapeutic regimens.
On the basis of efficacy estimates from the NO CLD randomized trial, iNO for the prevention of death and BPD in preterm infants seems economically sound, particularly for those infants in whom it is started in the second week of life. We recommend that future trials of this or similarly expensive therapies routinely include formal, prospective economic evaluations so decisions regarding adoption consider the optimal use of our constrained resources.
This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (U01-HL62514, P50-HL56401, P30-HD26979, P30-MRDDRC, and P30-HD26979) and the General Clinical Research Centers Program (M01-RR00240, M01-RR00084, M01-RR00425, M01-RR001271, M01-RR00064, and M01-RR00080).
- Accepted June 12, 2009.
- Address correspondence to John A.F. Zupancic, MD, ScD, Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Rose Building Room 318, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail:
Ikaria (formerly INO Therapeutics) provided study gas and masked delivery systems for the primary NO CLD trial. Dr Zupancic received reimbursement for participation in an Ikaria expert advisory panel and internal presentation; Drs R.A. and P.L. Ballard received support from Ikaria to fund completion of 24-month follow-up and data analysis; and Dr Hibbs received reimbursement for travel to investigators meetings as part of these grants. Ikaria did not play any role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of the study.
What's Known on This Subject:
iNO administered to ventilated preterm infants with birth weights of <1250 g between 7 and 21 days of age improves survival without BPD. The cost-effectiveness of nitric oxide used in this population was not known.
What This Study Adds:
Despite its higher price relative to many other neonatal therapies, iNO does not seem to be associated with higher costs of care, an effect that is likely due to its impact on length of stay and ventilation.
- ↵Finer NN, Barrington KJ. Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006;(2):CD000399
- ↵Angus DC, Clermont G, Watson RS, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clark RH, Roberts MS. Cost-effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure in the United States. Pediatrics.2003;112 (6 pt 1):1351– 1360
- ↵Lorch SA, Cnaan A, Barnhart K. Cost-effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide for the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics.2004;114 (2):417
- ↵Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Hospital cost report, fiscal years 1996 to current. Available at: www.cms.hhs.gov/CostReports/02_HospitalCostReport.asp. Accessed January 10, 2007
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics. RBRVS: what is it and how does it affect pediatrics? Available at: http://practice.aap.org/content.aspx?aID=1652. Accessed December 20, 2006
- ↵Glick HA, Doshi JA, Sonnad SS, Polsky D. Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007
- ↵Petrou S, Bischof M, Bennett C, Elbourne D, Field D, McNally H. Cost-effectiveness of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on 7-year results from the United Kingdom Collaborative ECMO Trial. Pediatrics.2006;117 (5):1640– 1649
- ↵Keren R, Helfand M, Homer C, McPhillips H, Lieu TA. Projected cost-effectiveness of statewide universal newborn hearing screening. Pediatrics.2002;110 (5):855– 864
- ↵Walsh M, Hibbs A, Martin R, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months for extremely low birth weight neonates in the NO CLD trial of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia [abstract]. Pediatric Academic Societies 2008; E-PAS. 2008:4080.8 . Available at: www.pas-meeting.org
- ↵Zupancic JAF. A systematic review of costs associated with preterm birth. In: Behrman R, Stith-Butler A, eds. Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences and Prevention. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press; 2006
- Copyright © 2009 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

domain: finance


By Margaret Brinson
Scratch Track, the performers behind Barefoots Joe’s first concert of the semester, were seemingly well-received by students as they achieved the nearly impossible on Sept. 18.
In a room where audiences usually remain seated quietly in their chairs, students were on their feet and clapping to the rhythm of the beat. When asked to repeat a lyric by lead vocalist and beatboxer DJ Lee, the crowd complied, shouting back the lines with smiles.
Other band members include Jason Hamlin as guitarist and vocalist and Danny Mark on the baritone and tenor saxophones.
Megan Thompson, junior art major, has been listening to the group since before they called themselves Scratch Track. She said she enjoyed the music, and thought other students felt the same way.
“The sound was really cool and new and upbeat. Of course I liked the beatboxing a lot, and he did it really well,” Thompson said. “I felt like everybody responded really well. I mean, they knew how to play to the crowd.”
During the show, a solo beatboxing performance by Lee boggled the crowd, while Hamlin surprised students by whipping two pencils out of his pocket and beating his guitar strings like a drum. During another song he also played harmonica while strumming. This unconventional combination of instruments makes an even less common sound.
When asked to describe their music, the band mates threw out a slew of descriptors: “Acoustic.” “Blues.” “Kind of an experimental hybrid.” “A lot of soul, a lot of funk.” “Folk.” “Jazz.”
Lee, native of Kansas City, Kan., brings the blues to the band with a full voice somewhere between gospel and funk. Hamlin, from right outside of Detroit, Mich., leans more in the direction of rock, country and folk. Hailing from Rochester, N.Y., Mark and his saxophones supply the jazz.
Their musical differences were even evidenced in their apparel: Lee’s sweatbands were indicative of strong hip-hop undertones, Hamlin rocked a pair of cowboy boots and Mark jammed in city-slick metallic sneakers.
The group claims a special connection with the university as birthplace of the band. It is where founding members Lee and Hamlin first met and performed as students.
“We did this one song at Variety Show, and the whole school lost their minds,” Lee said.
After that, he said the two began to consider more seriously making a career of their music, which they both studied in school. While Lee concentrated on voice, Hamlin’s focus was guitar.
After Lee’s graduation in May 2002, the band packed up and moved to Washington, D.C., and got started playing at clubs.
Scratch Track has since played with groups such as O.A.R., Los Lonely Boys, Will Hoge, Soulive, DJ Skribble, The Roots, Twista, Erykah Badu, George Clinton and Parliament Funkadelic, and more.
The band also toured several countries including Japan, Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and the U.K., while performing for the U.S. Armed Forces.
“We support our troops and wanted to really give back to them because they’re always in our minds and hearts,” Hamlin said on their website.
Scratch Track is now back on tour in the United States in preparation for the release of their latest album. The album was released Sept. 20.
“We feel like it’s our best to date,” Lee said. “We’ve been hiding underground for a while now, and it’s time for the world to hear our music.”


text:
Authentic Thai flavour is made vegan with chef Renoo Jansala’s incredible recipes and her unique “fish” sauce. Thai food has often been off-limits to vegans not only because of the meat but because of one of the primary ingredients-fish sauce. Renoo has perfected a vegan “fish” sauce with a soy sauce base and various salts that imparts that same kick and authentic flavour.
Even though many of their recipes use soy, it can easily be substituted with tamari if home cooks are trying to avoid soy or gluten. Consumers are eating less and less meat every year and the demand for plant-based alternatives to meat-centric staples is on the rise.
When Sarah and her mother decided to open their restaurant in Portland, Oregon, they realized there was a big demand for vegetarian and vegan Thai food. Sarah’s mother, Renoo, is an immigrant from Thailand and a vegan. Seeing the popularity of veganism inspired her to create the menu for Kati Portland, allowing her to finally share some of her favourite dishes.
This book will include spicy, from-scratch curries, stir-fry with flavorful garlic and pepper tempeh, and east-to-make favourites like Gluten-Free Pad Thai and Tom Yum Veggie soup. It will also include one of the most popular dishes at their restaurant, Tom Kha, a spicy soup with tofu, kaffir lime leaves, lemongrass and mushrooms.
Whether you are vegan, vegetarian, or looking for delicious options for meatless-Mondays, Vegan Thai Kitchen has plenty of amazing recipes to delight the palate. This book will include 75 recipes and 75 photos.
Glass Noodle Soup (Gang Jeud Woonsen)
Normally the word gang in Thai means “curry” in English, but Gang Jeud Woonsen is the one exception. Gang Jeud Woosen, or Glass Noodle Soup, is simply a clear soup that cooks with veggies and mung bean noodles. Due to its light, mild flavour, this soup is typically served alongside spicy dishes, acting as a palate cleanser. It can also be eaten with tofu as a source of protein. Either way, you will enjoy it!
10 oz (283 g) Thai mung bean noodles
2 tbsp (30 ml) vegetable oil
2 tbsp (18 g) chopped garlic
15 cups (3.6 L) water
11⁄2 cups (192 g) sliced carrot
1 tbsp (18 g) salt
1 tsp brown sugar
1⁄2 cup (120 ml) tamari
8 oz (228 g) soft tofu
8 oz (228 g) Napa cabbage, roughly chopped
3 stalks Chinese celery, cut into 3⁄4″ (2-cm) lengths, leaves chopped
1⁄2 cup (8 g) chopped cilantro, for garnish
1⁄2 tsp ground black pepper
Soak the noodles in cold water for about 10 minutes, drain and cut into 6-inch (15-cm) lengths.
Heat the oil in a soup pot over medium heat, then add the garlic and fry for 30 seconds. Add the water and bring to a boil over high heat. Once the water has come to a boil, add the carrot, salt, sugar and tamari and stir to mix well. Cook for 2 to 3 minutes, then add the soft tofu and Napa cabbage and cook for 3 more minutes or until the cabbage is soft. Add the celery and glass noodles and cook for about 30 seconds. Garnish with the cilantro and sprinkle with black pepper.
Recipe reprinted with permission from Sarah Jansala and Renoo Jansala, Page Street Publishing Co. 2019.


text:
Hundreds of gay couples got married in Michigan on Saturday after a federal judge ruled that a decade-long ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional.
But on Sunday, the US Sixth Circuit Court issued a temporary stay on the ruling, putting the ban on same-sex marriage back into effect until Wednesday.
Marsha Caspar, 52, and Glenna DeJong, 53 (pictured), were the first couple to be married in the state. So, along with the 300 other couples that got married on Saturday, Marsha and Glenna now have no idea where they legally stand.
To make matters worse, Gov. Rick Snyder refuses to say whether the state will recognize the marriages performed during the brief period when gay marriage was legal on Saturday.
Speaking to USA today, East Lansing Mayor Nathan Triplett said “I think it’s a dramatic failure of leadership on the governor’s part. This is a hotly contested issue of public policy that’s being debated. To refuse to participate in a serious discussion about the ramifications of his administration’s policies on this issue, I think, is irresponsible.”
Snyder, a Republican, doesn’t have a great track record on gay rights. In 2011, he signed a law denying health benefits to civil partners of state employees, defending it as a “cost-cutting” measure.
He’s also been quoted by Democratic spokesman Zack Pohls as having said during a 2010 TV debate with WXYZ-TV, that “on gay marriage, marriage is between a man and a woman.”
The District Court’s judgement comes back into effect on Wednesday, when the temporary stay (legal term for delay) expires.
A very similar situation happened in Utah in December, when over 1,000 gay couples got married after a similar initial striking down of the same-sex marriage ban as unconstitutional. But 17 days later, the U.S. Supreme Court intervened and issued a stay.
Jennifer Chapin-Smith, one of those married on Saturday, was thrilled to announce her marriage to Alexi Chapin-Smith on Sunday. “Everybody at first said, ‘Congratulations.’ Then they said, ‘What’s going on?’ I said, ‘I really don’t know.”
Speaking to USA Today and the Detroit Free Press, Jennifer, a Quaker said: “We’re already married in the eyes of God and our religious community, our family, friends and our neighbors. It’s just the state of Michigan that wouldn’t recognize reality. It’s frustrating. Why can’t the state recognize what is real and truthful?”
The team at Queerty wish all the married couples of Michigan all the best for the future, and hope for a quick resolution.


Today’s question comes from a reader in NY. She has heard that there are different gun owners who reuse bullets but wasn’t sure how that was even possible.
Basically this practice is called reloading and you are not reusing the entire bullet but rather the brass.
Let’s first go back and look at the parts that make up a round of ammunition.
A cartridge is made up of the case or the brass, a primer, gun powder and the actual bullet.
When a gun is fired, the firing pin hits the primer. This ignites the gun powder and causes the bullet to leave the barrel of the gun. The case or the brass is then ejected out of the side of the gun.
The brass or the case can then be saved and reloaded to use again.
The actual process of reloading is not something that should be done lightly. Improper reloads may have the bullet seated incorrectly or have too much gun powder or other issues. So if you do ever decide to reload any of your own ammunition, make sure you have the proper equipment, do your research and buy quality equipment.


text:
The University of Wyoming football team will have a Cowboy State flavor to its 2013 recruiting class. Casper (Wyo.) linebacker Ryan Anaya offered his commitment to the Wyoming coaches Monday night ...
Subscribe today to read the full article and get everything Rivals has to offer.
- Member-only message boards
- Exclusive highlights and recruiting interviews
- Exclusive coverage of Rivals Camp Series
- Breaking recruiting news


From Queens Gardens in the CBD to South Bank and Northshore Hamilton, few places have been off limits for Dîner en Blanc. So where will the picnic pop up next?
Organisers are, as usual, tight-lipped about the location, which this year takes place on October 22. There’s just one clue: it will be bigger than 2015.
“We had 2000 people last year and we are hoping to grow by 1000 this year,” says organiser Amy Grey. “The location has to be iconic because the images are seen around the world.”
Grey hosts the event along with Brooke Williams and Kim Mayberry, and was the first to bring the concept to Australia. “We beat Sydney by a month,” she says proudly of the first Brisbane event in 2012.
As an urban designer, Grey sees the annual pop-up soiree as a way to inspire people to think of new ways to use public spaces. “We have beautiful weather, and we love our city, outdoor spaces and parks, but we don’t see things like this happening here in Brisbane like they do around the world,” she explains. “We have a lot of restrictions around our public spaces, so for here this event is still quite different.”
Dîner en Blanc originated in Paris in 1988, when François Pasquier returned from working overseas and organised a picnic with old friends. So that his guests could spot each other easily, Pasquier asked them to dress in white. That tradition continues in the 70 cities around the world that now host the event each year.
Brisbane’s Dîner en Blanc is always a sell-out, but the addition of an extra 1000 tickets this year does improve your odds of getting an invite.
Guests are required to bring their own white table and chairs, and there’s the option to self-cater or pre-order a picnic hamper. Style is important – this is a French event, after all – and Grey hopes guests will have a bit of fun with the all-white dress code this year.
“I love it when people get into character dressed as ballerinas and Marilyn Monroe, or wearing hats and beautiful fascinators,” she says.
Dîner en Blanc will take place on Saturday October 22. Registrations for the waiting list are now open on the Dîner en Blanc Brisbane website.


text:
April 19, 20213 min read, 695 words
Published: April 19, 2021 | 3 min read, 695 words
Welcome to the Reuters.com BETA. Read our Editor's note on how we're helping professionals make smart decisions.U.S. President Joe Biden hosts a meeting on U.S. supply chains and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) response with a bipartisan group of House and Senate members in th...

domain: politics


text:
Motivation is a brain state you can train for. Do this and never feel de-motivated to work out or do cold calls.
TUNE IN TO LEARN:
Motivation is VERY simple. Even mice have more of it at certain conditions. Today we will focus on the simplest, one and only skill you need to master to never lose motivation again - for things
you enjoy and for things you don't like that much but need to do them, like exercise, eating healthy, learning sales scripts or doing cold calls and emails.
Know your brain - the rest is history.
Produced by Angela Shurina,
Schedule our call HERE.
CERTIFIED NUTRITIONIST, BRAIN PERFORMANCE COACH
Nutrition + Neuroscience + Behavior Change
I help you use nutrition and lifestyle protocols, biohacking and space design as tools to unlock your brain genius and unlimited energy level, off-the-charts productivity🔥(Founders, business owners, distributed teams.)

domain: psychology


So long, whiteboards smeared with residue from meetings past.
Anthony Franco this month released the second version of McSquares: a stackable, 3-D handheld whiteboard that allows users to jot down design ideas before displaying them on a magnetic board.
He’s hoping to enter more boardrooms and classrooms with a sleeker design, which launched a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign during Denver Startup Week.
“We are going to market regardless of how well we do on Kickstarter,” Franco said. “Kickstarter is a great place to test your messaging and a great place to find new customers.”
Each tablet has a transparent tablet, liquid chalkboard and a dry-erase board that adheres to magnetic surfaces.
“We wanted to make the new product more contemporary so it fits better in an office environment,” Franco said. “It feels more like an iPad than a dry-erase board.”
The first version of McSquares (pronounced M-C-squares) launched 18 months ago. Its primary customers are schools.
Franco, 48, said the tiles are in 500 elementary schools and universities, including the Colorado School of Mines, University of Colorado and University of Denver.
“Teachers are replacing their high-tech stuff (like smart boards) with us,” Franco said. “They like McSquares better because they’re easier to learn.”
Franco was inspired to launch McSquares after observing a salesperson at EffectiveUI reluctant to speak up during meetings with executives.
“I called it the introvert problem,” he said. “As I was talking to her, she had all the answers. I wanted to figure out a way to give her a voice in a comfortable way.”
Franco originally converted an iPad for employees to sketch design ideas before sharing them with larger groups.
“It failed miserably,” he said. “If they’re not willing to shout out their ideas in a meeting, they are definitely not willing to document it out.”
So Franco landed on whiteboards. He and a few partners purchased a 10,000-square-foot, unoccupied building at 2126 Arapahoe St. last August. McSquares operates in 2,000 square feet of that space, and employs eight staff.
The newest version is manufactured in Colorado and China, Franco said, and the newest whiteboard tiles cost between $30 and $40 to make.
McSquares products range from $85 to $2,680 on its website, and Franco said the business is not profitable.
Franco moved to Colorado in 1999 from California. The software developer has since started internet service provider Skybeam, Piper Software and EffectiveUI, which he sold in 2004, 2005 and 2012 respectively. He also started Pourhouse Bar and Grill in Loveland.
So far, the Kickstarter campaign has raised $10,500 of its $20,000 goal.


Wiz Khalifa Comments On The Absence Of His Collaboration Stage With Taeyeon At The 2016 MAMA
One of the most anticipated stages at the 2016 Mnet Asian Music Awards (hereafter 2016 MAMA) was the collaboration stage between rapper Wiz Khalifa and Girls’ Generation’s Taeyeon. However, those watching the show found that the stage was never realized, although a rehearsal video floating around the internet showing the two singing “See You Again” proved that it was supposed to happen.
Many fans expressed disappointment at the failed collaboration, and Wiz Khalifa addressing the situation, writing on his Twitter account, “The fact that T[a]eyeon backed out of our performance caught me off guard too but never accept rejection as failure.”
The fact that Teyeon backed out of our performance caught me off guard too but never accept rejection as failure.
— Wiz Khalifa (@wizkhalifa) December 2, 2016
“See You Again” was originally sung by Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth and was part of the “Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack.” It would have been great to see Taeyeon’s rendition of it!


text:
Bishop Luers’ first stringers did not allow a point in the postseason until Saturday. But the defense still gave a dominating performance in Saturday’s 41-21 victory against Rensselaer Central.
The Knights went to halftime leading 28-0. Bishop Luers only gave up two first downs in the first half.
“Rensselaer forced our defense to play our backs to the wall,” senior Kenny Mullen said. “In the long run, we came through when we needed to.
“…Our defense, we like to play smash mouth.”

domain: sports


text:
Insuring Mental Health
ANYONE FAMILIAR with the personal devastation caused by schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder or major depression should find it scandalous that health insurers routinely do not provide mental health care coverage that is on a par with coverage received for physical ailments.
Health insurers often impose arbitrary restrictions on treatment, such as limiting the number of doctor's visits for treatment, that would never be leveled on patients with physical diseases.
A bill (AB 1100) by Assembly members Helen Thomson, D-Davis, and Don Perata, D-Alameda, would take a significant step forward in providing treatment for the severely mentally ill -- those with brain disorders such as manic-depression, schizophrenia, panic disorder and autism.
It would require health care service plans and disability health insurers to provide coverage for the diagnosis and medically necessary treatment of biologically- based severe mental illnesses.
This is not a measure that requires insurers to cover the cost of marriage counseling. The list of mental disorders that would be covered is short and specific.
For too long, many insurers have been moaning that mental health costs are a "bottomless pit" that would bankrupt them. But a number of studies have shown otherwise.
Money would be saved by the reduction in use of hospital services, in the decrease of physical ailments related to untreated neurobiological problems and in fewer lost workdays.
The Rand Corp. has estimated that insurance payments would increase by only $1 per enrolee per year to provide parity for mental health coverage.
Diseases of the brain have been treated differently from diseases of the body -- a distinction that has been based on a misperception of cost and not on fairness. The Thomson-Perata bill, which has gone to the Senate floor, would help rectify that unmerited differentiation.

domain: medical


Domestic and Commercial Ventilation
Now in business for thirty nine years Rega Ventilation has a long established reputation for the manufacture of high quality products for both domestic and commercial ventilation. One of the pioneers in the UK of heat recovery ventilation, RegaVent now offers one of the widest ranges of air handling units, ducts and accessories to suit both flats and houses. Rega offer a free no obligation design service, just send plans of you home and we will design a tailor made system to suit your specific needs.
Rega Ventilation have been manufacturing HRV (Heat Recovery Ventilation) systems for 30 years. Specialising in systems tailored to the UK climate, our extensive experience and knowledge with the systems has allowed us to produce a range of the most efficient and low power consumption units available.
Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery provides an energy efficient way of maintaining a fresh and pleasant atmosphere in the home whilst saving money on heating bills.
It works by extracting the warm, moist air from rooms such as bathrooms and kitchens where condensation is a major factor. The unwanted air is passed through a heat exchanger then ducted to outside. Fresh air from outside is drawn in and passing through the heat exchanger; recovering up to 90% of the heat taken from the extracted air, it is then ducted throughout the house encouraging positive air circulation.
Telephone: 01767 600499
Address: 21-22 Eldon Way, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, SG18 8NH


text:
FAIR? New Jersey’s Millionaire’s Tax and Property Tax Relief Bill
Dateline: June 29, 2004
On June 29, 2004 Governor McGreevey signed the “Fair and Immediate Relief ” or “FAIR” tax bill, a/k/a the “Millionaire’s Tax” bill into law (P.L.2004, c.40). This bill represents the first state income tax hike in New Jersey in 14 years. It will raise taxes on New Jersey residents earning more than $500,000 a year in an effort to generate revenue to support property tax relief for lower income earners. The measure is retroactively effective to January 1, 2004. Click on the bill number to see the full text of Assembly bill A100 , which amends N.J.S. 54A et seq. The official summary statement of the bill can be found here.
Income Tax Increase for those with Adjusted Gross Income in Excess of $500,000:
The new tax law increases the top marginal state income tax rate on taxpayers earning $500,000 or more to 8.97% from 6.37% — a 41% increase. This is a tax on a taxpayer’s “gross income”, after taking account of items that are excluded from “gross income”, such as certain retirement benefits and interest on municipal bonds. The new law also imposes a withholding tax rate of 12% on salary and wage income paid in excess of $500,000.
The Governor’s office projects that this tax hike will raise $800 million from about 28,500 New Jersey taxpayers. As a result of this new law, New Jersey now has the fourth highest income tax rate in the nation, among states that tax both income and sales. (see commentary on New Jersey’s tax system from the Tax Foundation).
Property Tax Relief for Senior Citizens and Middle Class
According to Governor McGreevey, nearly 2 million senior citizens and middle class New Jerseyans will benefit from this new law. In addition to increasing the tax on New Jersey’s top earners, the new law will:
Double direct property tax relief from $670 million to $1.5 billion,
Increase the maximum Homestead Rebate check for senior citizens from $775 to $1200,
Permit increases in direct property tax relief for non-senior citizens whose income is less than $125,000 by increasing the maximum rebate from $250 to $800
Double the property tax relief for those earning between $125,000 and $200,000 from $250 to $500.
This new law combines the NJ SAVER property tax rebate program into the Homestead Property Tax Rebate Program. Full details on who qualifies for which program and the filing requirements can be found at The New Jersey Division of Taxation – Property Tax Relief Programs. This link will take you to a one-page summary sheet explaining the details of the revised property tax rebate programs.


text:
The concept of a trans-phenomenal artifact arose from a project to digitally fabricate a series of bells, where each bell is shaped by the sound of the previous bell. This paper describes the recursive process developed for fabricating the bells in terms of generic stages. The first bells fabricated with this process raised the question of whether the series would converge to a static attractor, traverse a contour of infinite variation, or diverge to an untenable state. Reflection on these early results encourages further development of the recursive fabrication process, and lays groundwork for a theory of trans-phenomenal artifacts.
Barrass, S. (2014). The shape of the sound of the shape of the sound ⋯. In Digital Da Vinci: Computers in the Arts and Sciences (pp. 197–210). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0965-0_10

domain: design