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Aerobic glycolysis rate is higher in breast cancer tissues than adjacent normal tissues which providethe ATP, lactate and anabolic precursors required for tumourgenesis and metastasis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a critical enzyme during aerobic glycolysis as it is typically responsible for the production of lactate and regeneration of NAD+, which allows for the continued functioning of glycolysis even in the absence of oxygen. LDH has been found to be highly expressed in breast tumors. Enzyme kinetic characteristics is related to environmentinvolving the enzyme, and tumor microenvironment has distinct features relative to adjacent normal tissues, thus we hypothesized that LDH should have different kinetic characteristics in breast tumors compared to normal breast tissues.
LDH was partially purifiedfrom human breast tumors and normal tissues, which were obtained directly from operating room. TheMichaelis-Menten constant (Km), maximum velocity (Vmax), activation energy (Ea) and enzyme efficiency in breast tumors and normal tissueswere determined.
It was found that tumor LDH affinity in forward reaction was the same as normal LDH but Vmax of cancerous LDH was higher relative to normal LDH. In reverse reaction, affinity of tumor LDH for lactate and NAD+ was lower than normal LDH, also enzyme efficiency for lactate and NAD+ was higher in normal samples. The Ea of reverse reaction was higher in cancerous tissues.
It was concluded that thelow LDH affinity for lactate and NAD+ is a valuable tool for preserving lactate by cancer cells. We also conclude that increasing of LDH affinity may be a valid molecular target to abolish lactate dependent tumor growth and kinetic characteristics of LDH could be a novel diagnostic parameter for human breast cancer.
Breast cancer; Aerobic glycolysis; Lactate dehydrogenase; Enzyme kinetic
Angiogenesis is a critical step of breast cancer metastasis. Oncogenic Ras promotes the remodeling of cancer microenviroment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a prominent inflammatory cell population emerging in the microenviroment and facilitating the angiogenesis and metastasis. In the present study, we tried to investigate the relationship between the expression of Ras and infiltration of TAM, both of which could further promote angiogenesis.
Expressions of Ras, CD68 and CD34 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The infiltration of macrophages was evaluated by counting the number of CD68+ cells. Vessel endothelial cells were defined as CD34+ cells. Angiogenesis vascularity was defined by microvessel density (MVD) assay through counting the number of vessels per field counted in the area of highest vascular density. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the overall survival (OS). Macrophages were derived from monocytes in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (MCSF). Breast cancer cells were treated with macrophage-conditioned medium (MCM) and tested the expressions of K-, H- and N-Ras by using realtime-PCR.
Ras positive status was correlated with ER, PR and Her-2 positivity, larger tumour size and lymph node metastasis, as well as higher TNM stages. A higher number of CD68+ cells was correlated with larger tumour size, higher TNM stages and Her-2 positivity. Both Ras positivity and infiltration of CD68+ macrophages correlated with poor OS. The number of CD68+ cells was positively correlated with the expression of Ras. Treatment with MCM did not up-regulate but repressed the expression of Ras. Both up-regulation of Ras and infiltration of TAMs correlated with increased MVD.
Expression of Ras and infiltration of TAM were positively correlated, and both participated in angiogenesis. Elevated Ras could be responsible for the infiltration of TAM.
Breast cancer; Ras; TAM; CD34; Angiogenesis
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive disease with limited effective treatment options. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway represents an attractive therapeutic target due to its frequent dysregulation in CCA. MK2206, an allosteric Akt inhibitor, has been shown to reduce cellular proliferation in other cancers. We hypothesized that MK2206 mediated inhibition of Akt would impact CCA cellular viability.
Post treatment with MK2206 (0-2 μM), cellular viability was assessed in two human CCA cell lines—CCLP-1 and SG231—using an MTT assay. Lysates from the MK2206 treated CCA cells were then examined for apoptotic marker expression levels using Western blot analysis. Additionally, the effect on cellular proliferation of MK2206 treatment on survivin depleted cells was determined.
CCLP-1 and SG231 viability was significantly reduced at MK2206 concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 μM by approximately 44%, 53%, and 64% (CCLP-1; p = 0.01) and 32%, 32%, and 42% (SG231; p < 0.00005) respectively. Western analysis revealed a decrease in AKTSer473, while AKTThr308 expression was unchanged. In addition, cleaved PARP as well as survivin expression increased while pro-caspase 3 and 9 levels decreased with treatment. Depletion of survivin in CCLP-1 cells resulted in apoptosis as evidenced by increased cleaved PARP. In addition, survivin siRNA further enhanced the antitumor activity of MK2206.
This study demonstrates that by blocking phosphorylation of Akt at serine473, CCA cellular growth is reduced. The growth suppression appears to be mediated via apoptosis. Importantly, combination of survivin siRNA transfection and MK2206 treatment significantly decreased cell viability.
Cholangiocarcinoma; MK2206; PI3K/mTOR/AKT; Apoptosis
E-cadherin internalization facilitates dissolution of adherens junctions and promotes tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration. Our previous results have shown that Arf6 exerts pro-migratory action in breast cancer cells after EGF stimulation. Despite the fact that EGF signaling stimulates EMT of breast cancer cells, the effect of Arf6 on internalization of E-cadherin of breast cancer cells under EGF treatment remains to be determined. Here, we showed that EGF dose-dependently stimulated E-cadherin internalization by MCF-7 cells with the maximal effect at 50 ng/ml. Meanwhile, EGF treatment markedly increased Arf6 activation. Arf6 was involved in complexes of E-cadherin, and more E-cadherin was pulled down with Arf6 when the activity of the latter was increased. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays showed that transfection breast cancer cells with Arf6-T27N or Arf6 siRNA suppressed EGF-induced E-cadherin internalization. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Arf6 activation plays a potential role in EGF-induced E-cadherin internalization, providing new mechanism underlying the effect of Arf6 on promoting breast cancer cell metastasis.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0159-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
EGF; Arf6; E-cadherin; Internalization; Breast cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality all over the world. Surgery resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and combined treatments have been discovered and well established for treatments. However, low survival rate of five years after clinical treatments mainly due to recurrence of stress-resistant cancer cells calls for better understanding and new ideas. Our project aimed to understand the forming process of stress resistant lung cancer cells after radiotherapy.
Two classic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1299 initially were radiated with a 137Cs gamma-ray source with doses ranging from 0 to 12 Gy to generate radiation-resistant cancer cells. 8 Gy of radiation was regard as a standard dosage since it provides effective killing as well as good amount of survivals. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins including Beclin-1, LC3-II and p62 were studied and measured by both western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR).
Increased Beclin-1, LC3-II and decreased p62 have been observed in radiation-resistant cells indicating elevated autophagy level. Decreased miR-191 in radiation-resistant cells performed by Taqman qRT-PCR also has been seen. Two binding sites between Beclin-1 and miR-191 suggest potential association between.
It is reasonable to speculate that inhibition of miR-191 expression in lung cancer cells would contribute to the establishment of radiation-resistant cells via mediating cellular autophagy. Therefore, miR-191 is a potential target for therapy in treating radiation-resistant lung cancer.
Lung cancer; Autophagy; miR-191; Radiation-resistant
Cells with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, most notably caused by mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, are sensitive to PARP inhibition. Microsatellite instability (MSI) accounts for 10-15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is hypothesized to lead to HR defects due to altered expression of Mre11, a protein required for double strand break (DSB) repair. Indeed, others have reported that PARP inhibition is efficacious in MSI CRC.
Here we examine the response to niraparib, a potent PARP-1/PARP-2 inhibitor currently under clinical evaluation, in MSI versus microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. We compiled a large panel of MSI and MSS CRC cell lines and evaluated the anti-proliferative activity of niraparib. In addition to testing single agent cytotoxic activity of niraparib, we also tested irinotecan (or SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan) activity alone and in combination with niraparib in vitro and in vivo.
In contrast to earlier reports, MSI CRC cell lines were not more sensitive to niraparib than MSS CRC cell lines¸ suggesting that the MSI phenotype does not sensitize CRC cell lines to PARP inhibition. Moreover, even the most sensitive MSI cell lines had niraparib EC50s greater than 10 fold higher than BRCA-deficient cell lines. However, MSI lines were more sensitive to SN-38 than MSS lines, consistent with previous findings. We have also demonstrated that combination of niraparib and irinotecan was more efficacious than either agent alone in both MSI and MSS cell lines both in vitro and in vivo, and that niraparib potentiates the effect of irinotecan regardless of MSI status.
Our results support the clinical evaluation of this combination in all CRC patients, regardless of MSI status.
Recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose overexpression has been observed in human gastric cancers. This study aimed to determine whether overexpression of the variant RONΔ160 could induce tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells in vitro or in vivo, and whether its specific small molecule inhibitor (Compound I) could inhibit the effect of RONΔ160.
We constructed human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 that was stably transfected with a recombinant plasmid expressing RONΔ160, and the effect of RONΔ160 overexpression and macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) activation on proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of MGC-803 cells were evaluated. Tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer cells were used to analyze the effects of RONΔ160 overexpression and Compound I on implanted tumor growth.
In vitro, overexpression of RONΔ160 in MGC-803 cells resulted changes to their cell morphology, and promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, overexpression of RONΔ160 increased the proportion of cells in the S phase. The effect of RONΔ160 was significantly enhanced by induction of MSP inducing (p < 0.05). In vivo, RONΔ160 promoted the growth of MGC-803 cells in nude mice, including increased tumor size and weight, and lower tumor incubation period. The Compound I inhibited the tumorigenic abilities of RONΔ160 (p <0.05).
The results indicate that overexpression of the variant RONΔ160 altered the phenotype and tumorigenicity of MGC-803 cells. Its specific small molecule inhibitor could inhibit the effect of RONΔ160. Therefore, the variant RONΔ160 may become a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Gastric cancer; RON; RONΔ160; MSP; Tumorigenicity
Malignant glioma is the most devastating and aggressive tumour in the brain and is characterised by high morbidity, high mortality and extremely poor prognosis. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo and to explore the possible anticancer mechanism underlying Sch B-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
The anti-proliferative ability of Sch B on glioma cells were assessed by MTT and clony formation assays. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect cell cycle changes. Apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and annexin V/PI double-staining assays. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by Rhodamine 123 staining. The in vivo efficacy of Sch B was measured using a U87 xenograft model in nude mice. The expressions of the apoptosis-related and cell cycle-related proteins were analysed by western blot. Student’s t-test was used to compare differences between treated groups and their controls.
We found that Sch B inhibited growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner as assessed by MTT assay. In U87 and U251 cells, the number of clones was strongly suppressed by Sch B. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Sch B induced cell cycle arrest in glioma cells at the G0/G1 phase. In addition, Sch B induced glioma cell apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanically, western blot analysis indicated that Sch B induced apoptosis by caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP, and Bcl-2 activation. Moreover, Sch B significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo following the subcutaneous inoculation of U87 cells in athymic nude mice.
In summary, Sch B can reduce cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in glioma cells and has potential as a novel anti-tumour therapy to treat gliomas.
Glioma cells; Schisandrin B; Proliferation; Cell cycle; Apoptosis
Human malignant melanoma is a common primary malignant cutaneous tumour derived from transformed epidermal melanocytes. Patients with melanoma have a high rate of mortality due to resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, a major obstacle to a successful treatment. Several reports have suggested that CD146 plays an important role as a signalling molecule in human melanoma. This role includes CD146 as a participant in inflammation, differentiation, adhesion, tumourigenicity, metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis among other processes, which suggests that this molecule promotes the progression of human melanoma as a multifaceted regulator. In this article, we explore the effects and corresponding mechanisms with respect to the role of CD146/MUC18 in the promotion of human melanoma progression. Collectively, the studies indicated that targeting CD146, because it is a suitable marker of poor patient outcome, might be useful in the design of future strategies for the prevention and treatment of human melanoma.
CD146/MCAM; Melanoma; Structure; Mechanism; Metastasis; Angiogenesis
Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer cells. One mechanism to deregulate the apoptotic pathway is by upregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Navitoclax (ABT-263) is a Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor that restores the ability of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.
In this study we performed a high-throughput screen with 640 FDA-approved drugs to identify potential therapeutic combinations with navitoclax in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line.
Other than a panel of cancer compounds such as doxorubicin, camptothecin, and docetaxel, four antihelminthic compounds (benzimidazoles) potentiated navitoclax activity. Treatment with benzimidazoles led to induction of the pro-apoptotic protein Noxa at the mRNA and protein level. Noxa binds and antagonizes antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. siRNA-mediated knock-down of Noxa completely rescued benzimidazole-potentiated navitoclax activity. In addition, inhibiting caspase 3 and 9 partially rescued benzimidazole-potentiated navitoclax activity.
We have identified compounds and mechanisms which potentiate navitoclax activity in lung cancer cell lines. Further validation of the benzimidazole-potentiated navitoclax effect in vivo is required to evaluate the potential for translating this observation into clinical benefit.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0151-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Benzimidazoles; Navitoclax; Caspase; Apoptosis
BIX-01294, an euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) inhibitor, has been reported to induce apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells and inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. However, the definite mechanism of the apoptosis mediated by BIX-01294 in bladder cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that BIX-01294 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. Moreover, our data show BIX-01294 stimulates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and up-regulated expression of PMAIP1 through DDIT3 up-regulation. Furthermore, down-regulation of the deubiquitinase USP9X by BIX-01294 results in downstream reduction of MCL1 expression, leading to apoptosis eventually. Thus, our findings demonstrate PMAIP1-USP9X-MCL1 axis may contribute to BIX-01294-induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.
Apoptosis; PMAIP1; MCL1; USP9X; DDIT3; ER stress; EHMT2; BIX-01294
In previous study we showed that caspase-2 plays the role of an apical caspase in cell death induction by taxanes in breast cancer cells. This study deals with the role of other caspases. We tested breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3 (functional caspase-3) and MCF-7 (nonfunctional caspase-3).
Methods and results
Using western blot analysis we demonstrated the activation of initiator caspase-8 and -9 as well as executioner caspase-6 and -7 in both tested cell lines after application of taxanes (paclitaxel, SB-T-1216) at death-inducing concentrations. Caspase-3 activation was also found in SK-BR-3 cells. Employing specific siRNAs after taxane application, suppression of caspase-3 expression significantly increased the number of surviving SK-BR-3 cells. Inhibition of caspase-7 expression also increased the number of surviving SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, suppression of caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression had no significant effect on cell survival. However, caspase-9 seemed to be involved in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7. Caspase-3 and caspase-7 appeared to activate mutually. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (flow cytometric analysis) and cytochrome c release (confocal microscopy, western blot after cell fractionation) from mitochondria in SK-BR-3 cells. No such changes were observed in MCF-7 cells after taxane treatment.
We conclude that the activation of apical caspase-2 results in the activation of caspase-3 and -7 without the involvement of mitochondria. Caspase-9 can be activated directly via caspase-2 or alternatively after cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Subsequently, caspase-9 activation can also lead to caspase-3 and -7 activations. Caspase-3 and caspase-7 activate mutually. It seems that there is also a parallel pathway involving mitochondria that can cooperate in taxane-induced cell death in breast cancer cells.
Taxanes; Breast cancer; Caspases; Cell death
Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid compound found in high concentration in lesser galangal. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of galangin to inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced the invasion and metastasis of HepG2 liver cancer cells.
First, using a cell-matrix adhesion assay, immunofluorescence assay, transwell-chamber invasion/migration assay, and wound healing assay, we observed that galangin exerted an inhibitory effect on TPA-induced cell adhesion, morphology/actin cytoskeleton arrangement, invasion and migration. Furthermore, the results of gelatin zymography and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays showed that galangin reduced the TPA-induced enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in HepG2 cells; moreover, the messenger RNA level was downregulated. We also observed through a Western blotting assay that galangin strongly inhibited the TPA-induced protein expressions of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), the phospho-inhibitor of kappaBα (phospho-IκBα), c-Fos, c-Jun, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Next, galangin dose-dependently inhibited the binding ability of NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1) to MMP-2/MMP-9 promoters, respectively, resulting in the suppression of MMP-2/MMP-9 enzyme activity.
The results revealed that galangin effectively inhibited the TPA-induced invasion and migration of HepG2 cells through a protein kinase C/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (PKC/ERK) pathway. Thus, galangin may have widespread applications in clinical therapy as an anti-metastatic medicament.
Galangin; TPA; Invasion; Migration; PKC-α; ERK; MMP-2; MMP-9
To determine the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and nilotinib (AMN107, Tasigna) alone or in combination on the proliferation and differentiation of primary leukemic cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the blast crisis phase (CML-BC).
Cells were isolated from the bone marrow of CML-BC patients and were treated with 1 μM ATO and 5 nM nilotinib, either alone or in combination. Cell proliferation was evaluated using a MTT assay. Cell morphology and the content of hemoglobin were examined with Wright-Giemsa staining and benzidine staining, respectively. The expression of cell surface markers was determined using flow cytometric analysis. The levels of mRNA and protein were analyzed using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.
ATO and nilotinib alone or in combination suppressed cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent pattern (P < 0.01 vs. control). Drug treatments promoted erythroid differentiation of CML-BC cells, with a decreased nuclei/cytoplasm ratio but increased hemoglobin content and glycophorin A (GPA) expression (P < 0.01 compared with control). In addition, macrophage and granulocyte lineage differentiation was also induced after drug treatment. The mRNA and protein levels of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (TAL1) and B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) were both upregulated after 3 days of ATO and Nilotinib treatment.
Our findings indicated that ATO and nilotinib treatment alone or in combination greatly suppressed cell proliferation but promoted the differentiation of CML-BC cells towards multiple-lineages. Nilotinib alone preferentially induced erythroid differentiation while combined treatment with ATO preferentially induced macrophage and granulocyte lineage differentiation.
Arsenic trioxide; Nilotinib; AMN107; CML-BC; Proliferation; Differentiation
In the past decades, the field of prostate cancer (PCa) biology has developed exponentially and paralleled with that has been the growing interest in translation of laboratory findings into clinical practice. Based on overwhelming evidence of high impact research findings which support the underlying cause of insufficient drug efficacy in patients progressing on standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is due to persistent activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis. Therefore, newer agents must be discovered especially because newer ADT such as abiraterone and enzalutamide are becoming ineffective due to rapid development of resistance to these agents. High-throughput technologies are generating massive and highly dimensional genetic variation data that has helped in developing a better understanding of the dynamic repertoire of AR and AR variants. Full length AR protein and its variants modulate a sophisticated regulatory system to orchestrate cellular responses. We partition this multicomponent review into subsections addressing the underlying mechanisms of resistance to recent therapeutics, positive and negative regulators of AR signaling cascade, and how SUMOylation modulates AR induced transcriptional activity. Experimentally verified findings obtained from cell culture and preclinical studies focusing on the potential of natural agents in inhibiting mRNA/protein levels of AR, nuclear accumulation and enhanced nuclear export of AR are also discussed. We also provide spotlight on molecular basis of enzalutamide resistance with an overview of the strategies opted to overcome such resistance. AR variants are comprehensively described and different mechanisms that regulate AR variant expression are also discussed. Reconceptualization of phenotype- and genotype-driven studies have convincingly revealed that drug induced resistance is a major stumbling block in standardization of therapy. Therefore, we summarize succinctly the knowledge of drug resistance especially to ADT and potential avenues to overcome such resistance for improving the treatment outcome of PCa patients.
Prostate cancer; Intracellular signaling; Apoptosis
An area of research that has been recently gaining attention is the relationship between cancer stem cell (CSC) biology and chemo-resistance in colon cancer patients. It is well recognized that tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis are promoted by CSCs. An important reason for the widespread interest in the CSC model is that it can comprehensibly explain essential and poorly understood clinical events, such as therapy resistance, minimal residual disease, and tumor recurrence. This review discusses the recent advances in colon cancer stem cell research, the genes responsible for CSC chemoresistance, and new therapies against CSCs.
Cancer stem cells; Chemoresistance; Colon cancer
Tumour cells show greater dependency on glycolysis so providing a sufficient and rapid energy supply for fast growth. In many breast cancers, estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cells proliferate in response to growth factors and growth factor antagonists are a mainstay of treatment. However, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lack receptor expression, are frequently more aggressive and are resistant to growth factor inhibition. Downstream of growth factor receptors, signal transduction proceeds via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k), Akt and FOXO3a inhibition, the latter being partly responsible for coordinated increases in glycolysis and apoptosis resistance. FOXO3a may be an attractive therapeutic target for TNBC. Therefore we have undertaken a systematic review of FOXO3a as a target for breast cancer therapeutics.
Articles from NCBI were retrieved systematically when reporting primary data about FOXO3a expression in breast cancer cells after cytotoxic drug treatment.
Increased FOXO3a expression is common following cytotoxic drug treatment and is associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. There is some evidence that metabolic enzyme expression is also altered and that this effect is also elicited in TNBC cells. FOXO3a expression serves as a positive prognostic marker, especially in estrogen (ER) receptor positive cells.
FOXO3a is upregulated by a number of receptor-dependent and -independent anti-cancer drugs and associates with apoptosis. The identification of microRNA that regulate FOXO3a directly suggest that it offers a tangible therapeutic target that merits wider evaluation.
Triple negative breast cancer; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Metabolism; Glycolysis; Oxidative stress; Apoptosis
There is limited information on a special subtype of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by >20% myeloblasts and >20% abnormal promyelocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood.
The objective of the present investigation was to explore the clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with AML-M2/M3.
We retrospectively assessed cell morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and clinical features of seven patients with this rare subtype of AML.
All seven cases had thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, >20% myeloblasts and abnormal promyelocytes. The PML/RARα fusion gene was present in six patients and two patients presented a mixed PML/RARα and AML1/ETO genotype. Five cases achieved CR and two cases did not achieve remission and one case transform into AML-M2 after CR1.
The clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with AML-M2/M3 are demonstrated in the present study, providing information on the FAB sub-classification.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML); AML-M2/M3 subtype; Mixed phenotype; Myeloblasts; Abnormal promyelocytes
Background and objective
T cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in enhancing antitumor response.This study aimed to investigate the changes in the T-lymphocyte subpopulation and to characterize the differential expression pattern of corresponding regulatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients before and after chemotherapy.
A total of 56 DLBCL patients were recruited for analysis of T-cell subset distribution in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry; serum interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; and early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), T-bet, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA levels using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-six healthy subjects served as controls.
The percentage of CD3+CD4+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood from DLBCL patients was significantly decreased, whereas the percentages of CD3+CD8+T and CD4+CD25+T cells were significantly increased compared to those in controls (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were also significantly lower in DLBCL patients than those in controls (p < 0.05), and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA in PBMCs were lower (2.69 ± 1.48, 9.43 ± 2.14, and 20.83 ± 9.05 fold, respectively) in DLBCL patients than those in controls. Furthermore, there was a positive association between the levels of EGR-1 and T-bet mRNA (p = 0.001). However, the level of TGF-β mRNA was significantly increased in DLBCL patients, which was inversely associated with the T-bet mRNA level (p = 0.008), but positively associated with the percentage of T regulatory cells in PBMCs (p = 0.011). After three cycles of chemotherapy, the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in DLBCL patients were changed, and the levels of EGR-1, T-bet, and GATA-3 mRNA were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to those before chemotherapy.
These results demonstrate the changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations and the altered expression 34 pattern of the corresponding regulatory genes in PBMCs from DLBCL patients after chemotherapy, which are associated with the response of patients to treatment. The preferential expression of the T-bet gene after chemotherapy was closely correlated with the increased expression of the EGR-1 gene and decreased expression of the TGF-β gene.
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; Th1/Th2; T-bet; GATA-3; Immunoregulation
Several signal transduction pathways have been reported being involved in the acquisition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) upon exposure to anti-cancer drugs, whereas there is evidence indicating that the expression and activity of P-gp were not equally or even reversely modulated by different drugs.
To further illustrate this drug-specific effect, possible mechanisms that enable breast cancer cells MCF-7 to acquire MDR to either paclitaxel (PTX) or doxorubicin (DOX) were investigated in a time-dependent manner.
The results suggested that at least two pathways participated in this process. One was the short and transient activation of NF-κB, the second one was the relatively prolonged induction of PXR. Both PXR and NF-κB pathways took part in the PTX drug resistance acquisition, whereas DOX did not exert a significant effect on the PXR-mediated induction of P-gp. Furthermore, the property of NF-κB activation shared by DOX and PTX was not identical. An attempt made in the present study demonstrated that the acquired resistance to DOX was via or partially via NF-κB activation but not its upstream receptor TLR4, while PTX can induce the drug resistance via TLR4-NF-κB pathway.
To our knowledge, this report is among the first to directly compare the time dependence of NF-κB and PXR pathways. The current study provides useful insight into the distinct ability of DOX and PTX to induce P-gp mediated MDR in breast cancer. Different strategies may be required to circumvent MDR in the presence of different anti-cancer drugs.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0142-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Multi-drug Resistance Acquisition (MDR); P-glycoprotein (P-gp); Drug-specific; Doxorubicin (DOX); Paclitaxel (PTX)
A key strategy for the study of the tumor microenvironment is to implant human tumor cells in an immunodeficient rodent strain ubiquitously expressing a fluorescent marker. Here, a novel nude rat expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene was established and engrafted with primary human tumor tissue in order to separate tumor from stromal cell populations for subsequent molecular analysis.
SD-TG (GFP) 2BalRrrc transgenic rats were crossed with HsdHan™: rnu/rnu Rowett nude rats to develop a GFP expressing immunocompromised rat. PCR and flow cytometry were used to follow the GFP genotype and phenotype in newborns. After three to four generations, animals were implanted with 4 T1 dsRed murine breast cancer cells or primary human glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies to generate xenografts for subsequent separation by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).
Fluorecence microscopy and reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that GFP, under the control of the human ubiquitin C promoter, was stably maintained and expressed in diverse organs over several generations. Immunophenotyping of blood samples by flow cytometry confirmed that the immunodeficient features of the parental rat strain, HsdHan™: rnu/rnu, were retained in the GFP nude rat. Both the murine cell line and human GBM biopsies engrafted, and stromal cell populations were isolated from dissociated xenografts by FACS to > 95% purity.
A GFP transgene was stably introduced into a nude rat background in which human and murine cancer cells successfully engrafted. This animal strain provides a novel in vivo system for detailed cellular and molecular characterization of tumor-stroma interactions.
Xenograft; Tumor-stroma interaction; Glioblastoma; Breast cancer; Tumor biology
Recently a sub-population of cells with stem cell characteristics, reported to be associated with initiation, growth, spread and recurrence, has been identified in several solid tumors including oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of our pilot study was to isolate CD44+ cancer stem cells from primary cultures of OTSCC and neck node Level I (node-I) biopsies, grow cell spheres and observe their characteristics in primary cultures. Parallel cultures of hyperplastic lesions of tongue (non-cancer) were set up as a control. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD44/CD24 expression and magnetic activated cell sorting to isolate CD44+ cell populations followed by primary cell culturing. Both OTSCC and node-I biopsies produced floating spheres in suspension, however those grown in hyperplastic and node-I primary cultures did not exhibit self-renewal properties. Lymph node metastatic OTSCC, express higher CD44/CD24 levels, produce cancer cell spheres in larger number and rapidly (24 hours) compared to node negative OTSCC (1 week) and non-cancer specimens (3 weeks). In addition, metastatic OTSCC have the capacity for proliferation for up to three generations in primary culture. This in vitro system will be used to study cancer stem cell behavior, therapeutic drug screening and optimization of radiation dose for elimination of resistant cancer cells.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0143-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma; Lymph node metastasis; Primary culture; Cancer cell sphere; Cancer stem cells; in vitro assay
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. Estrogen plays a critical role in its pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a multifunctional protein involved in many cellular activities, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis processes. However, the role of NPM1 in endometrial carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. The present study was aimed to elucidate the role of NPM1 in different clinical stages of human endometrial carcinoma and the underlying mechanism of NPM1 action.
The distribution and expression of NPM1 in normal endometrium, FIGO stages I to IV endometrial carcinoma tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The association between NPM1 expression and estrogen and estrogen receptor signaling was investigated in primary-cultured FIGO stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.
A strong positive correlation between NPM1 level and the clinical stage and histological grade of endometrial carcinomas was observed. Expression of NPM1 was up-regulated by estrogen in primary-cultured human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, estrogen increased NPM1 level via estrogen receptor-α (ERα) signaling, nor estrogen receptor-β signaling.
Expression of NPM1 was gradually increased with the increase of clinical stages of endometrial carcinomas. Overexpression of NPM1 may play a role in the effects of estrogen on the malignant progression of endometrioid adenocarcinoma via ERα signaling. These findings may extend our understanding of the oncogenesis of steroid hormone-related cancers and have significance for the diagnosis and treatment of this carcinoma.
Endometrial carcinomas; Nucleophosmin 1(NPM1); Estrogen; Estrogen receptor-α(ERα)
To evaluate the balance between T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) molecules(Tim)-1 and Tim-3 in patients with aplastic anemia (AA), plasma IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were measured in patients with active AA (n = 41), AA in remission (n = 29) and in healthy subjects (n = 40) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, Tim-1 and Tim-3 were studied in all subjects. The results showed that the expression of Tim-3 in newly diagnosed patients was significantly deceased, compared with the controls. Meanwhile, Tim-1 mRNA expression in the active AA group was not significantly reduced, which resulted in a declined ratio of Tim-3/Tim-1 in patients with active disease. During the remission stages, the levels of these transcription factors were comparable with those observed in the healthy controls. These findings are the first data on the expression of the Tim-1 and Tim-3 molecules in AA. The reduced levels of Tim-3/Tim-1 in PBMCs during the active stages of disease suggest that they may play a possible role in the pathogenesis and course of AA.
Aplastic anemia; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain; IFN-γ; Interleukin 4; Cytokines; RT-PCR
H2AX is phosphorylated (γH2AX) by members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family, including Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) and DNA-PK in response to DNA damage. Our study shows that gossypol acetic acid (GAA) alone can induce γH2AX in Human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line (MEC-1) in vitro. Thus, we further examined the possible mechanisms of GAA to induce γH2AX in tumor cells.
Materials and methods
The PI3K inhibitors caffeine and wortmannin were used in an effort to identify the kinase(s) responsible for GAA -induced γH2AX in MEC-1 cells. DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) - proficient and –deficient cells, human glioma cell lines M059K and M059J, were also used to evaluate the kinases responsible for GAA induced H2AX phosphorylation. γH2AX expression was detected by immunofluorescent microscopy. Flow cytometry assay was used to assay γH2AX and cell cycle.
GAA induced H2AX phosphorylation in a cell cycle-dependent manner and a significant G0/G1 phase arrest in MEC-1 cells was shown. Caffeine and wortmannin significantly inhibited GAA-induced H2AX phosphorylation in MEC-1 cells. GAA induced H2AX phosphorylation in M059K, but not in M059J. Taken together, these data suggested that GAA treatment alone could induce H2AX phosphorylation in a cell cycle dependent manner in MEC-1 and M059K, but not in M059J cells. A significant G0/G1 phase arrest was shown in MEC-1.
The member of PI3K family, DNA-PK, ATM and ATR are involved in the H2AX phosphorylation of MEC-1 cells.
Gossypol acetic acid; H2AX phosphorylation; DNA-PK; ATM; ATR

domain: literature


text:
Various - Dubnight Compilation Vol. 2 album flac
- Album: Dubnight Compilation Vol. 2
- FLAC: 1985 mb | MP3: 1520 mb
- Released: 2008
- Style: Dub
- Rating: 4.9/5
- Votes: 299
- Format: AHX APE WAV VQF AAC DTS XM
Tracklist Hide Credits
|1||–Dub Familia||Train Goes By
Keyboards, Programmed By [Instruments], Written-By, Mixed By, Arranged By – Tomomi Akita, Wisit SommitMastered By – Jug
|2||–Pete Murder Tone||Sabra And Shatila
Written-By, Mixed By, Arranged By – Pete Murder Tone
|3||–Mind's Eye Dub*||Selassi I Dub (Manwel T Mix 2)
Mixed By, Mastered By – Manwel TProgrammed By [Instruments], Performer [Instruments Played By] – Mind's Eye Dub*Written-By – David Magro
|4||–King Jubby||We Soldiers Dub On
Horns, Written-By [Horns] – Ben ZenMixed By, Producer – Jubby*Vocals, Lyrics By – PlookieWritten-By [All Other Parts], Performer [All Other Parts] – Jubby*
|5||–Natty I||Endless Dub
Programmed By [Instruments & Samples], Performer [Instruments & Samples Played By] – S. Briede*Written-By, Mixed By, Mastered By, Arranged By – S. Briede*
|6||–Phil Harmony||Digilog Jazz Dub
Bass, Drums, Percussion, Mixed By, Mastered By – Phil HarmonyWritten-By, Keyboards – Dub Milan*, Phil Harmony
|7||–Irish Moss*||Space Time Blues Version
Written-By, Mixed By, Arranged By – Irish Moss Dub, Rob Connelly
|8||–Jacin Sound*||The Time Has Come||4:06|
Producer, Mixed By – Ganjaman
|10||–Zion Train||Give Me Good (Dubplate Mix)
Featuring – Earl 16*Written-By – Dave Fullwood, Earl Daley, Neil Perch
|11||–Dubmatix||War, Peace & Dub||4:10|
|12||–Alambic Conspiracy||Deep Frozen Dub
Producer – Alambic ConspiracyRecorded By, Mixed By – Alambic Conspiracy, Paolo BaldiniWritten-By – L. Ceolin*, P. Baldini*
|13||–Lackatee Feat. Malone Rootikal||Hard Steppers Dub
Featuring – Malone RootikalMixed By, Arranged By – LackateeWritten-By – Lackatee, Malone Rootikal
|14||–Malone Rootikal||Rootikal Fyah
Written-By, Mixed By, Arranged By – Malone Rootikal
|15||–Dub-For-Light* Feat. Phil Harmony||Meet Phil Harmony In Dub
Drums, Featuring – Phil HarmonyPerformer [All Other Samples & Sounds Played By], Mixed By, Arranged By – Dub-For-Light*
|16||–Phil Harmony||High Pressure
Written-By, Programmed By [Instruments & Samples], Mixed By, Mastered By, Arranged By – P. Prüfert*
|17||–Dub Spencer & Trance Hill||Kifi Mifi
Written-By – Julian Dillier, Marcel Stalder, Markus Meier, Philipp Greter
Mixed By, Arranged By – DubworksWritten-By – Christian Merle, Dubworks
|19||–Jahcoustix & Dubios Neighbourhood||Dubios Dub Dance
Arranged By – Dubios NeighbourhoodBass – Moritz v. Korff*Drums – Benjamin ZaagKeyboards [Keys] – Frank PollakLead Guitar – Thomas Marin Mixed By – Umberto EchoPercussion – Michael FüttererRhythm Guitar – Dominik HaasWritten-By – Dominik Haas, Moritz v. Korff*
Composed By, Instruments, Producer, Mixed By, Mastered By – Aldubb
Mastered By – Emanuel GellerProducer, Mixed By – ErtoWritten-By – Erdal Tosun
|22||–The Okada Supersound Feat. Zoe* & Mirta*||Laughter Dub
Lyrics By – M. Junco Wambrug*, Z. Mazah*Mastered By – Emanuel GellerProducer, Mixed By – Guido Craveiro, Pork & RabbitWritten-By – G. Craveiro*, Manougazou, M. Kilger*, M. Reinhardt*
|23||–Consenso||The Ocean (Dub Mix)
Lyrics By – Traditional RainbowMixed By – Mista G SpotWritten-By – Jost "Yopi" Erhardt
|24||–The Dubvisionist*||Some Like
Keyboards – Hene MarheinekeWritten-By, Producer, Mixed By, Mastered By – Felix Wolter
|25||–Two Generations||African Boys Dub
Instruments [All Instruments Played By] – Two Generations Mixed By – DubmilanTracking By [Overdubbed By] – Phil HarmonyWritten-By – H. Hookah, Two Generations
- Compiled By, Arranged By – Malone Rootikal, Phil Harmony
- Cover, Artwork – Yann Ignition
- Photography By – Heavy-Signs
- Photography By [Front Picture] – Horo
NotesTrack 1: Mastered @ San Sieng Studio
Track 6: Owned by Phil Harmony & Dub Milan, published by Bigvibez.com & Reggae-Town.de
Track 9: Produced and mixed @ Growkammer Berlin
Track 10: Owned by Universal Egg Records, published by Universal Egg Publishing
Track 12: Recorded and mixed @ The Dub Alkemy Studio (Pordenone/Italy), mastered at Wolf Studio (London/UK)
Track 17: Owned and published by Dub Spencer & Trance Hill
Track 19: With friendly permission of Modernsoul and Universal Music Publishing
Track 20: Composed, all instruments, production, mix, mastering @ Planet Earth Studios Berlin
Track 21: Produced & mixed in Studio 2 (Cologne), with friendly permission of 96° Recordings
Track 22: Produced and mixed for 96° Recordings, published by Edition Kosmo III, Warner Chappel
Tracks 21 & 22: Mastered @ Salz Studios (Cologne), (p) 2007 by 96° Recordings
Track 23: Owned by Goldmusik, published by Conscious Vibes
Track 24: Produced and mixed @ Studio M7 (Hannover/Germany), (p) 2007 Copyright Control
Not for sale! For promotional use only!
Presented by Reggae-Town.de and Bigvibez.com (c) 2008
According to a double CD this compilation is divided into two folders ("Cd1", tracks 1 to 13 and "Cd2", tracks 14 to 25) within the download archive.
Sade Greatest Hits Full Album - The Best of Sade - Продолжительность: 2:06:11 Music Collection Рекомендуемые ва. RARE FUNK (70's) - Compilation - Продолжительность: 1:02:07 Matteo Siroli - Рекомендуемые вам.
Месяц релиза - любой - January February March April May June July August September October November December.
Main artist: Various Artists. Composers: А. Б. Скоробогатый. Record Dance Label Compilation, Vol. 2. 03:41. Writer: Д. Ю. Гуменный, Composers: Д. Гуменный, Other contributors: .
Dubnight Compilation vo. Cd1 01 train goes b. p3 07 space time blues version. mp3 09 dub n°. p3 05 endless du. p3 12 deep frozen du. p3 06 digil. dubnight computah cover. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50. Downloads.
Compilation vo. by Various Artists, released 10 November 2017 1. ninjoi. I Was in Love a Long Time Ago 2. Mr. Käfer - Life Circle 3. Hazy Year - out for good 4. saib. mellow dust 5. deeB - The Brooklyn Tango 6. idealism - Park 7. axian - Hope 8. Philanthrope - Melt 9. j'san - alone by your side 10. Konteks - Enouement 11. chuckee. Sometime jazzy, sometime groovy, this journey is about to become an inevitable ally to chill, relax or work with all year long.
Artist: Various Performers Album: Compilation Vol. III Label: Plaizir Muzic Release date: 24-06-2019 Genre: Disco, Funky, Jackin, Soulful, Nu-Disco Format: mp3 Quality: 320 Kbps/Joint Stereo/44100Hz. Short cuts from album: lower quality, for pre-listening only.
A compilation album comprises tracks, which may be previously released or unreleased, usually from several separate recordings by either one or several performers.
Va compilation vol II. Various Artists. Release Date 2017-07-15. Label Blind Vision Records.

domain: artistic


South Carolina has a voter-approved marriage ban but it remains to be seen for how much longer.
Back in 2006, voters in South Carolina approved a state constitutional amendment which prohibits same-sex marriage and civil unions by a margin of 78 percent to 22 percent.
Tracie Goodwin and Katie Bradacs are still awaiting their day in court to challenge the ban but they are feeling cautiously optimistic that their marriage will finally be recognized after a landmark ruling in Virginia, reported MSNBC.
Their optimism follows a 2-1 decision in the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals which upheld a finding in a lower court that Virginia's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional. The Virginia decision is not only pertinent because it is a southern state but because South Carolina falls under the 4th Circuit – along with Maryland, West Virginia and North Carolina. It means the court's ruling could overturn South Carolina's ban as well.
Goodwin said in the MSNBC story she was "ecstatic," when she found out about the ruling.
One of the key issues in many of the gay marriage cases has been whether states have the right to restrict marriage to heterosexuals. Virginia voted 57 percent to 43 percent in 2006 to amend their constitution to ban same-sex marriage.
Appellate Judge Henry F. Floyd wrote that notwithstanding the vote, Virginia's actions "impermissibly infringe on its citizens' fundamental right to marry."
Goodwin and Bradacs launched a challenge to South Carolina's gay marriage ban in August 2013. The case,Bradacs v. Haley, has been filed in the 4th Circuit but it stayed pending a decision in Virginia. Now attorneys for the couple, are expected to file for a hearing, Goodwin said.
MSNBC reported on how South Carolina is taking a different stance on the gay marriage ban to neighboring North Carolina, which has announced it will stop defending its constitutional ban on same-sex marriage. South Carolina intends to stand by the law which was passed in 1996 and reaffirmed by voters in an amendment in 2006.
"Currently, South Carolina's law remains intact, and, of course, our office will continue to defend it," J. Mark Powell, spokesman for the Attorney General Alan Wilson said.
Nikki Haley, South Carolina's Republican governor, also indicated in a statement her administration will continue to uphold the ban.
However, there are a number of challenges to the ban as well as the one launched by Bradacs and Goodwin.
Goodwin, an IT worker and Bradacs, 31, a highway state trooper – married in Washington D.C. in 2012, two years after same-sex marriages became legal there. They are raising three children.
South Carolina has made headlines in recent months for its stance on lesbian and gay issues. In April, Crystal Moore, a 20-year veteran of the Latta, SC, police force, was fired from her job for being a lesbian. She was later allowed to return to work, reported MSNBC.com.
The Masella Law Firm helps clients with all aspects of family law in South Carolina. Call us today at 803.748.9990.


text:
02/11/2015 - PinPics Updates |
Changes are being made to PinPics, check out all the details (plus a giveaway) here!
Characters - Donald Duck ... Just Donald
Pin 20715: WDW - Donald (Missed Birdie) Artist Proof
If you own or help with this pin group, you may Edit This Pin Now.
|Class:||Disney Pins Artist Proofs|
|Origin:||Walt Disney World|
|Limited Edition:||Yes, but edition size unknown|
|Released:||May 13, 2002|
|This is one of a series of core pins released from WDW Resorts. It is of Donald Duck being angry because he missed his birdie putt on the 18th hole. He has bent his golf club and broken the 18th hole pole. The bottom of the pin reads Missed Birdie. On the back of this pin it is stamped AP (Artist Proof). |


text:
Today, Kathy welcomes Dr. Ovidio Bermudez and they discuss child and adolescent treatment of eating disorders. Dr. Bermudez shares the different stages of family based therapy (FBT) as well as other important considerations loved ones and clinicians need to take into account for these young people to recover.
Ovidio Bermudez, MD, FAAP, FSAHM, FAED, F.iaedp, CEDS
Ovidio Bermudez, M.D. is the Medical Director of Child & Adolescent Services at Eating Recovery Center in Denver, Colorado. He holds academic appointments as Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics at the University Of Colorado School Of Medicine. He is Board certified in Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.
Dr. Bermudez is a Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine, the Academy for Eating Disorders, and the International Association of Eating Disorders Professionals. He is Past Chairman and currently Senior Advisor to the Board of Directors of the National Eating Disorders Association, Co-Founder of the Eating Disorders Coalition of Tennessee (EDCT), Co-founder of the Oklahoma Eating Disorders Association (OEDA), and a founding member of Houston Eating Disorders Specialists (HEDS). He is a Certified Eating Disorders Specialist and training supervisor by the International Association of Eating Disorders Professionals.
Dr Bermudez has lectured nationally and internationally on eating pathology across the lifespan, obesity, and other topics related to pediatric and adult healthcare. He has been repeatedly recognized for his dedication, advocacy, professional achievement and clinical excellence in the field of eating disorders.

domain: medical


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Rhonda Mengert had been traveling from the Tulsa International Airport on Mother's Day when her hip implant caused the metal detector to sound off, according to a case complaint. Mengert - who has TSA Pre-check - informed agents that she had the implant but agreed to a pat down test.
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text:
I just quickly wanted to ask if it is possible to create Shots, in which I am abled to get a Scribble effect which is quite common in newer music videos.
There is an tutorial for it on how to do it with AE, but not on how to get such an effect done with HF Express. If you need further Information on which I mean, watch the AE-Tutorial under The following link: https://youtu.be/RRdfFwfqUU0
Thanks for your help. I appreciate that.


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Our facility has the ability to handle large projects. We specialize in new and rebuilt industrial rail car and locomotive trucks, wire rope hoist drums and blocks, crane wheels, axles, gears and bearings, and hardened rolls and pins. Our employees have decades of experience and are extremely knowledgeable. Because of this we are able to produce custom projects to exact customer specifications.
Our LEMCO division (Lyons Electric Motor Company), produces high quality rebuilt rotating machinery for industrial applications. LEMCO specializes in the repair and remanufacturing of industrial AC and DC motors and generators for the railroad industry, heavy industry, and power generation companies. Employees of LEMCO have over 25 years experience with electric motor repair. We offer repair of DC and AC motors, brake motors, generators, traction motors and gearboxes. Our large facility and transportation fleet enable us to serve a large customer base.


In the city, temperatures peaked at 29C last week with many taking to pub gardens, green spaces and their back gardens to enjoy the sunny weather.
The hot weather doesn't look like it's relenting any time soon, with temperatures set to soar once more this weekend.
The Met Office describes a heatwave as a "prolonged period of hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity".
But when will it end?
Well, nobody is too sure, as is the nature of the weather.
But Paul Gundersen, Met Office chief meteorologist, said temperatures will rise even more by the weekend.
He said: “For the first time this year, we have seen temperatures very locally top 30.0C, with 30.1C on Monday.
"However, we are anticipating that temperatures will increase further over the next couple of days. It’s possible that some locations could reach 32.0C.
“The focus for the highest temperatures is expected to shift towards the west of the UK into the middle of the week, and then northwest, before temperatures potentially begin to hot up again in the south over the weekend."
It'll be a warm start to the week and it will be another fine and dry day, with plenty of sunshine.
It will feel hot in the sunshine, with light winds.
Expect fine and warm end to the day.
It will stay dry with clear skies overnight, although there maybe a few mist and fog patches forming by dawn.
Any early mist and fog patches will soon clear to leave another fine day on Tuesday, with plenty of sunshine.
Feeling very warm or hot in the sunshine, with light winds.
From Wednesday, expect many places to stay largely dry, sunny and very warm throughout the remainder of the week.
Perhaps the risk of the odd shower.
Some mist and fog patches are likely overnight.
Bristol Live reports , the Met Office says heatwaves are most common in summer when high pressure develops across an area.
High pressure systems are slow-moving and can persist over an area for a prolonged period of time such as days or weeks.
They can occur in the UK due to the location of the jet stream, which is usually to the north of the UK in the summer. This can allow high pressure to develop over the UK resulting in persistent dry and settled weather.
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Nicola Sturgeon will continue to press for control over corporation tax
The First Minister stamped her authority on the Scottish Government’s third economic strategy since 2007 by emphasising measures to tackle inequality.
She said promoting “fair work” – including encouraging firms to pay the living wage of £7.85 an hour – would contribute to closing the gap with Europe’s most productive economies.
Ms Sturgeon, also wants to improve skills, increase research and development in new technologies and encourage Scots firms to export their goods.
She stressed the strategy was based on using Holyrood’s existing powers “in the here and now”.
But the 84-page document said that the Scottish Government would continue to press for further powers, including control over corporation tax.
And, in a major U-turn for the SNP, it said the tax would be reduced “not through a blanket approach”, accepting such a move would be a “race to the bottom” by competing with other parts of the UK to attract firms.
Different times will demand different approaches to corporation tax and to the use of other taxes
Ms Sturgeon’s ex-boss, Alex Salmond, put across-the-board cuts to corporation tax at the heart of his economic case for independence.
Asked about the change in policy, Ms Sturgeon said: “What we are signalling is we would see in the years to come real benefit of having control over corporation tax, to use that in a targeted way to boost R&D, to encourage investment in growth areas of the economy, rather than in a blanket way.
“Different times will demand different approaches to corporation tax and to the use of other taxes.”
Andy Willox, of the Federation of Small Businesses in Scotland, said: “A successful economic strategy is designed for the economy we have, not the one policymakers want.
“We would therefore caution against the relentless chase of foreign direct investment and extra state support for a small selection of favoured hand-picked firms.”
Scottish Tory finance spokesman Gavin Brown said: “The strategy is rather underwhelming.
"Mountains of warm words but little in the way of dynamic new policies to help businesses grow and innovate.”


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Target taps RadioShack to run cell-phone depts.
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- John Vomhof Jr.
- Staff writer
Target Corp. is outsourcing the mobile-phone departments inside its stores to RadioShack Corp.
Kiosk Operations Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Forth Worth, Texas-based RadioShack, took over mobile phone sales at about 100 Target stores in Minnesota, California, Georgia, Illinois, New Jersey, Texas and Washington earlier this month. The Target kiosks have been branded as Bullseye Mobile Solutions and are run by Kiosk Operations employees who wear black shirts instead of the red shirts typically worn by Target’s staff.
Minneapolis-based Target plans to expand the concept to all of its roughly 1,700 stores in 2010, spokeswoman Jana O’Leary said. “This provides added convenience for our guests. They can do their Target shopping trip, grab some groceries and address any cell phone needs they may have.”
Customers probably won’t notice much of a change. The kiosks sell Verizon, T-Mobile and AT&T phones and service plans, as well as various prepaid phones and calling cards; those are the same products and services already offered by Target.
This isn’t the first time Target has contracted with a third party to run a department within its stores. Eden Prairie-based Lifetouch Inc. runs Target’s portrait studios and McHenry, Ill.-based Medcor Inc. operates the retailer’s clinics.
Anthony Chukumba, an analyst for FTN Midwest Securities Corp. in Cleveland, said he doesn’t think the new mobile phone partnership with Kiosk Operations “will move the needle a whole heckuva lot for Target in terms of their overall results,” but it’s still important for Target to enhance its presence in the mobile-phone segment.
“It’s something you have to offer to your customer, and if you don’t have the expertise to do it yourself, it makes sense to outsource it to someone else,” he said. “RadioShack has more experience with wireless and likely will do a much better job selling wireless handsets and calling plans than Target would.”
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Major Gifts Officer UW-Eau Claire Unit of Alumni/Development | Eau Claire, WI

domain: geography


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When starting a small business, there are always checklists to go through. You need a checklist for your business plan such as to ensure finances, appropriate locations for a physical business, and identifying customers and competitors. You need checklists for enacting your plan like getting the right permits, meeting all kinds of building and safety codes, etc.
There are also a checklists regarding options for payment, marketing and advertising. Many new business owners, especially those who are a bit older, aren’t aware of how extensively technology has affected many aspects of the business arena. Here are a few reminders for those people.
Social media marketing
A social network presence is pretty much mandatory these days for businesses of any size. On Facebook, for example, you can find pages belonging to anyone from corporate giants like Tesco and Coca-Cola down to your cousin who is trying to sell home-made candles from her living room. Either way, businesses can reach far more potential customers when they incorporate social media advertising. This is even more the case when you’re targeting younger demographics and the best part – it’s free marketing. You might have also noticed that many businesses now have official Twitter accounts to use trending topics to get their name out in the mix. Youtube is another website that can help business promote their location, events and processes through. Another great aspect of marketing through social media is that you can obtain instant feedback and suggestions to help you improve quality and efficiency.
Payment systems have changed a lot as economies have evolved over the millennia. Barter systems moved to currency based systems which gradually incorporated forms of credit (IOUs, checks, and eventually credit cards). Technological advances give us new payment methods today like debit cards which are accepted almost everywhere. Many retailers, like Starbucks for example, have customer cards on which consumers can purchase their goods and services. Retailers like Wal-Mart accept PayPal which was one of the first online payment formats. Online casinos are a sector that allows you to pick your deposit method. Another innovation in the online marketplace was the advent of bitcoin which continues to be the most trusted cryptocurrency on the web.
Customer loyalty schemes
Customer loyalty programmes are also de rigueur for today’s new businesses. These also come in a multitude of options. Tiered memberships can be bought or earned and they can reward members with many things. Amazon’s Prime offers members free deliveries and free video streaming. Larger businesses often employ apps to allow customers a payment option and access to special promotions or prizes from the convenience of their smart phones.
This is by no means an exhaustive list for business owners in the 21st century but hopefully it will prepare entrepreneurs to research the options that are available and to implement the best ones available to be competitive in the digital age.

domain: finance


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Powdered green tea gives these matcha–white chocolate sugar cookies an elf-worthy hue that will stand out, with no icing or decorating needed. From the editors of Bon Appétit. Good tasting, with the health benefits of green tea.
- ¾ cup granulated sugar, divided
- ½ teaspoon plus 2 Tbsp. matcha
- 2 cups all-purpose flour
- ¾ teaspoon baking soda
- ½ teaspoon kosher salt
- 1 cup (2 sticks) plus 2 Tbsp. unsalted butter, cut into pieces, room temperature
- ½ cup (packed) light brown sugar
- 1½ tablespoons honey
- 1 large egg
- 1 large egg yolk
- 2 teaspoons finely grated lemon zest
- 3 ounces white chocolate, chopped
Whisk ½ cup granulated sugar and ½ tsp. matcha in a small bowl; set aside.
Whisk flour, baking soda, salt, and remaining 2 Tbsp. matcha in a medium bowl. Using an electric mixer on medium-high speed, beat butter, brown sugar, honey, and remaining ¼ cup granulated sugar in a medium bowl until light and fluffy, about 4 minutes. Add egg, egg yolk, and lemon zest and mix until very pale, about 4 minutes.
Reduce mixer speed to low and, with motor running, add flour mixture; mix until no dry spots remain. Using a wooden spoon or rubber spatula, mix in white chocolate.
Wrap dough in plastic and chill at least 2 hours and up to 5 days. If chilling more than a few hours, let dough sit at room temperature 1 hour to soften before scooping and baking.
Preheat oven to 350°. Scoop the dough by the scant tablespoonful onto 2 parchment-lined baking sheets, spacing about 1” apart. (Or, for neat and tidy cookies with perfect edges, like the ones in our photo, portion same amount of dough into the cups of a mini muffin pan coated with nonstick vegetable oil spray.)
Bake cookies, rotating baking sheet halfway through, until bottoms and edges are barely golden and cooked (top will no longer look wet), 8–10 minutes.
Immediately—but gently—toss cookies in reserved matcha sugar and place on wire racks; let cool.

domain: food


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A hazardous materials team was called to the Houston County jail in Dothan Thursday morning.
Officials with the Dothan Fire Department were conducting an air quality check inside the building following complaints about ammonia fumes from a nearby fertilizer plant.
Officials say near-unacceptable levels of carbon monoxide were detected in the kitchen area, and the hazardous materials unit was called in.
The team checked out the situation and found a faulty ventilation fan over a stove.
Sheriff Lamar Glover said the fan was repaired to correct the problem.
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.

domain: news


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Landlords haven’t had it easy lately. Rising mortgage rates, strained renter affordability and increasing pressure to invest in green home improvements mean landlords are tighter than ever on their budgets.
Add to this the unexpected costs of repairs that hit every property owner. Tiles eventually crack, shower doors deteriorate with limescale buildup, and baseboards need replacing—and those things can get expensive.
Research by the National Residential Landlords Association found that landlords spend about a quarter of their rental income on property maintenance.
But the smartest homeowners cut their maintenance costs by 25 percent by collecting building materials that would otherwise end up in a trash can.
Lancashire’s Chris Naylor owns several rental properties and estimates he has saved thousands by repurposing redundant toilets, sinks and insulation board from local construction work and storing them for future use. He does this with an app called Sustainability Yard, a Facebook Marketplace-style platform where users can sell unwanted leftovers from home improvement projects or just give them away for free.
Naylor, 50, admits he’s never used the app to sell and instead collects as much unwanted material as he can save for future use
“I once got a load of tiles from a designer house where they bought too many because they calculated it in meters and ordered it in feet, so they had twice as many as they needed,” he says. “They missed the 30 day window to bring it back to the supplier so I picked them up for free – now they’re in the shed.”
Saving building materials has alerted Naylor to the high cost of essentials such as plasterboard (£50 per panel), insulation (£78 per panel) and chimney pots (£250 each). A recent bungalow refurbishment, he says, was supposed to cost £20,000 but has been brought down to £15,000 using recycled materials.
“A lot of people are getting a little more eco-conscious, but the main reason is the high prices for skips and disposal of stuff,” he says. “And you don’t want excess stuff hanging around the house while contractors try to figure out a way to sell it.”
Much of the material Naylor has salvaged from other homes is already showing signs of wear, such as a trio of French doors which he estimates were worth £2,400 when new. But most of it can be restored with simple DIY jobs.
“I also have six solid oak doors,” he said. “They would have cost £200 each new but they had a few cracks – but with a little wax they were fine.”
More than 15,000 users are logged into Sustainability Yard after more than 4,000 downloads last week.
Radiators, plasterboard, bricks, building blocks, roofing materials and insulation are the most commonly traded items in the app. It’s estimated that users who whip out excess material save 30 percent on the cost of skipping. The traded materials are up to 80 pieces cheaper than new, while 30 pieces are free, a spokesman said.
For Naylor, repurposing other people’s scrap has changed the way he approaches his own renovations. “Recently I had two feet of spare baseboards from a project I would have previously dumped in a container,” he says. “Now I’m saving something so I can use it for the next job.”


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The Creamery Breakfast Bowl
The Creamery china collection is all handmade giving each piece a lovely organic shape and feel. No two pieces are the same and there are texture and colour variations that add to the beauty of these pieces. Made from stoneware with a soft ivory cream coloured glaze.
These bowls are perfect as a tapas bowl or as a petite breakfast bowl. They are light in the hand and feel luxurious to eat from.
Dishwasher, microwave, and oven safe
165mm Diameter X 45mm High
Need help? Call us on 07 823 2302
Monday to Friday 9:30am - 4pm
Saturday 10:00am - 2:00pm


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Joseño : another Mayan voice speaks from Guatemala /
"Joseno: Another Mayan Voice Speaks from Guatemala covers the period from 1987-98 and is the fourth and latest volume of Bizarro's diary, the authentic life history of a common man, a campesino, a principal (elder) in his town, and a Tzutuhil Indian whose life has spanned the ongoing strug...
University of New Mexico Press,
Skillman Upper Level
F1465.2.T9 B59 2001
|Available Place Hold|

domain: library


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This painting, full of fine lines and vivid colors, reflects the design of an elaborate hand-dyed kimono. As well, the black kimono is the noblest and most formal in Japanese kimono culture, which is only worn in the festive occasions.
As for the aesthetics, gaily colored in the red, the women canvas shoes spread an atmosphere of passion, liveliness and exhilaration. A Kyoto’s maiko displays her gracefully slender figure and elegant dancing on the bright red background, embodying the elegance and coquetry of Japanese females.
- Upper:Canvas / Heel Lining:Short Plush
- Insole:Ortholite / Outsole:EVA / Closure Type:Slip-On
- BIONIC DESIGN - The shape of insole resembles the shape of the feet with wider toe space
- SUPER LIGHTWEIGHT - Weight around 14 oz per pair of shoes
- EASY TO SLIP ON AND TAKE OFF - Elastic band allows to slip the shoes on and off easily
- STYLISH ART PRINTING - Unique design painted in art fashion by UIN Spain designer, perfect for unique wearing style
- SOFT INNER - 0.35 inch inner cushioning is super comfortable to provide unmatched support
- ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY - UIN pays much effort to reduce negative impacts on the environment. Our materials are safe with environmentally-friendly features, limiting pollution to the ecosystem. None of UIN sneakers incorporates fur or other elements of animal origins


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Independent Candidate, Marricke Kofi Gane has called on his supporters to remain calm as he and his team explore all available options to resolve issues surrounding his disqualification from the 2020 presidential race.
According to a press statement from his camp, the Gane4Ghana team is very disappointed in the Electoral Commissionâ€™s decision to disqualify him from running for president, and is doing everything possible to get Mr Gane on the ballot paper.
This follows the ECâ€™s decision to disqualify 5 aspirants on the basis of forgery of signatures and the manufacturing of endorsees which will be forwarded to the Police Criminal Investigation Department (CID) for further investigations.
Independent candidates Marricke Kofi Gane and Kofi Koranteng as well as Akwasi Odike of the United Progressive Party (UPP), Kwesi Busumburu of the Peopleâ€™s National Party (PNP) and the United Front Partyâ€™s (UFP) Agyenim Boateng, are those affected by these charges.
Addressing the media, the EC Chairperson, Jean Mensa stressed that their decision was based on the verification and authentication reports it received from its technical team.
Although the Gane4Ghana team did not categorically deny the allegation, they are of the view that if the EC had identified any anomalies in their leaderâ€™s nomination forms, the EC should have allowed him time to correct the anomalies rather than an outright disqualification.
They said: â€œPer the rules and guidelines of EC, and reiterated at the October 2nd, 2020 meeting, it was communicated that aspirants would be contacted immediately following any discrepancies concerning their filing in time to allow them correct any anomalies.â€
However, they added that â€œneither Mr Gane nor any member of the Gane4Ghana team was contacted since October 8th, 2020 to inform us of any issues or alleged forgery as has been put forth by the EC on October 19th, 2020.â€
The Gane4Ghana team are therefore calling on supporters of Marricke Gane â€œto remain calmâ€ as they â€œexplore all the options available to us in order to resolve this matter.â€
They â€œremain committed to the Ghana Deserves Better Agenda and will do all within our power to get on the ballot to allow Ghanaians to decide the way forward on Election Day.â€
Meanwhile, the EC has indicated that the Â¢100,000 filing fee will be refunded to all disqualified aspirants in line with the rules surrounding the process.


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Special Report: Shutdown: The Coronavirus
New Yorkers are vulnerable to mental issues due to pandemic
Racial and demographical disparities also play a significant role in New Yorkers' health issues during the pandemic.
A doorman remembers 9/11
“I’ll always remember the smell of burning electric wire and cement, hazing over the whole area for months.”
New Yorkers on gun control
Pavement Pieces reporters took to the streets to see what New Yorkers think about the current state of gun control.
New Yorkers Reflect on Trump’s 100 Days in Office
At his 100th day in office, President Trump has the lowest approval ratings of any modern president. In New York City, residents give President Trump mixed reviews.
Upper East Siders want to “dump the dump”
Upper East Side residents hold up signs in protest of the 91st Marine Transfer Station, the only dump being constructed […]

domain: sociology


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Study in the area of Nutrition Science is taught by the School of Life and Environmental Sciences in the Faculty of Science. Units of study in this major are available at standard level.
Nutrition Science is a multidisciplinary area of study that covers the role of food and nutrients in health and disease, across the lifespan. You will explore the basics of biology and biochemistry before focusing on human nutrition. You will have the opportunity to further develop critical thinking skills as you investigate nutrition and the effects of nutrients on health and disease from the molecular to the systems level. You will learn how we sense, digest, metabolise and store nutrients and also develop a wide range of laboratory and research skills, including working with big data sets. There is a strong emphasis on communication skills; written, visual and spoken. This major will provide a strong foundation for a possible career as a nutrition scientist, a research pathway, or, with additional prerequisites, competitive entry to the Master of Nutrition and Dietetics program.
The Nutrition Science major and minor requirements are listed in the Nutrition Science unit of study table.
|Exhibit a broad and coherent body of knowledge in energy regulation, utilisation and fuel transport, describing the importance of these principles and processes in maintaining health status and how they are affected in obesity and diabetes.
|Exhibit a depth of knowledge in nutrient requirements, processing and utilisation within the human body and integrate core principles and concepts to evaluate how these vary across life stages and health status.
|Execute a variety of discipline-specific research and analytical skills safely and productively within laboratory settings.
|Work safely and productively in collaborative laboratory settings, using applied knowledge of modern medical and metabolic biochemistry.
|Communicate concepts and findings in nutrition science through a range of modes for a variety of purposes and audiences, using evidence-based arguments that are robust to critique.
|Source, collate, synthesise and critically evaluate the scientific literature in nutrition science, examining and positioning the validity of their own research data.
|Relate food safety, food science and food processing concepts to human physiology and nutrition using a systems-level approach.
|Devise and investigate novel research questions in nutrition science, food science and food processing.
|Address authentic problems in nutrition science, working professionally and ethically and with consideration of cross-cultural perspectives, in collaborative, interdisciplinary teams.


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Officials around the world agree that macroprudential policy is an important tool for safeguarding the stability of their financial systems. But there is less consensus on what does and doesn’t count as a macroprudential policy tool.
In an effort to provide some much needed clarity, then, the Financial Stability Board, Basel Committee and International Monetary Fund have today released a guide.
But their reading of what doesn’t count is contentious. Read more
The FT’s Peter Spiegel reports today of a standoff between the ECB and the IMF over how swingeing the next round of Greek cuts should be.
Part of the reason for the delay is a standoff between two of the members of the troika – the IMF and ECB – over whether Greece can keep paying its debts without taking more stringent austerity measures. The ECB has taken a tougher line, while the IMF has urged more leniency.
Which is right? According to a paper to be presented at a St Louis Fed conference tomorrow, the ECB is when it comes to Greece. But the case is far less clear cut on whether the troika should push for such harsh cuts elsewhere. Read more
Our week ahead email will help you to track the most important events in the central banking world. To see all of our emails and alerts visit www.ft.com/nbe
The majority of the world’s central bank governors and finance ministers are in Washington, DC this weekend for the IMF/ World Bank Annual Meetings.
Will there be any more policy coordination following the G-20 communiqué released late Thursday? Read more
Our new week ahead email will help you to track the most important events in the central banking world. To see all of our email and alerts visit www.ft.com/nbe
Both of next week’s key events are on Monday. Read more
Christine Lagarde. Image by Getty.
The Federal Reserve is too often seen as a panacea for the US’s economic ills. This no doubt owes much to its dual mandate to both maintain price stability and promote employment, despite there being little monetary policy can do to influence structural unemployment.
And so Christine Lagarde’s comments today that there has been a rise in structural unemployment in the US – and that, by implication, fiscal policy should shoulder more of the burden for creating jobs – is to be welcomed. Read more
The European Union today became the first jurisdiction to unveil proposals on how it intends to beef up its banks’ capital and liquidity buffers.
In terms of capital, the measures put European banks in line with Basel III in requiring them to hold common equity tier 1 capital of 4.5 per cent and total tier 1 capital of 6 per cent, up from 2 per cent and 4 per cent under the current regulatory regime.
That means the continent’s banks must raise a whopping €460bn in capital by 2019. Either that or shrink their balance sheets and shed risky assets.
But hold the applause. According to the IMF, this might not be enough. Read more
France’s tendency to hog the IMF managing directorship is well known. But (as this post by Chris Giles shows) the extent to which it has done so is staggering.
If Christine Lagarde was to complete her five-year term, then French nationals will have served as the Fund’s managing director for 41 years. By 2016, the Fund will be celebrating its 70th birthday, meaning that one out of a total of 187 members would have held the managing directorship for a whopping 59 per cent of the time. Read more
Christine Lagarde, France’s finance minister, launched her campaign to become the next managing director of the International Monetary Fund on Wednesday. Read more
British politics is in a bit of a tizz this morning about whether David Cameron will block Gordon Brown, his predecessor as PM, as the next managing director of the International Monetary Fund. Mr Cameron had a good line about it on the radio this morning:
“It does seem to me that, if you have someone who didn’t think we had a debt problem in the UK, when we self-evidently do, they might not be the best person to work out whether other countries around the world have a debt and deficit problem”
The thing is, apart from British journalists, no one else was talking about Mr Brown as the next MD of the Fund at all. Read more
Although the IMF is super-orthodox and Anglo Saxon, when it comes to advanced economy monetary policy, even with a French managing director and chief economist, there are some signs of a softer IMF this spring.
Most attention has focused on capital controls, on which the Fund has issued its first ever guidelines on their use. This is seen as the IMF giving ground to countries, such as China, seeking to build foreign exchange reserves for currency management rather than expose itself to volatile capital inflows. This is a misreading of the IMF’s intentions.
The Fund could not have been clearer that capital controls are only a valid part of the macroeconomic toolkit if a country’s currency is not undervalued, it has sufficient foreign exchange reserves and it is unable to use monetary or fiscal policy. Only one - foreign exchange reserves – of these three criteria apply to China.
In contrast, in the World Economic Outlook, the Fund complains repeatedly about China’s exchange rate Read more

domain: politics


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This is the second series from the Prints collection, developed in collaboration with Bunch Architects' Studio, headed by Sara de la Mata. Betton’s state-of-the-art texture emulates the marks left on concrete once it has set. Available in a polished finish, it comes in a slimline Slimmker and Slimmker-Floor format.
Cement is one of the most popular looks in both interior and exterior design. Conventionally used as a building material, here it has been transformed into a texture with a high decorative potential, combinable with all kinds of different materials (wood, steel, glass etc).
The series comes in four colours (pepper white polished, pearl polished, khaki polished and grey polished), in a 100x100 or 50x100cm format.
INALCO | The latest products


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By Louise Hawes,Jeffrey C. Stewart
In Anteaters do not Dream and different Stories, Louise Hawes deftly portrays enthusiasts on the finish in their endurance, marriages at the verge of decline, young ones reeling from abuse, and fogeys devastated via loss.
But lots of those tales have a sardonic, funny part in addition: within the identify tale, a jaded architect learns to take his dream existence extra heavily whilst a feminine co-worker threatens his profession. In "Mr. combine Up," a mom turns into infatuated with the clown at her son's birthday celebration. In "My final Indian," a menopausal lady is going local. And in "Salinger's Mistress," a tender girl lies approximately having an affair with J. D. Salinger. . . till Salinger himself calls her at the telephone!
Whether Hawes's protagonists are wealthy or terrible, male or woman, younger or outdated, their voices are convincing, diversified, and human. With equivalent parts of wit and pathos, Anteaters do not Dream and different Stories is a flexible assortment through a striking prose stylist.
Louise Hawes is a author and instructor dependent in Pittsboro, North Carolina. She is the writer of The Vanishing Point, Rosey within the current Tense, and different novels.
Read Online or Download Anteaters Don't Dream and Other Stories PDF
Best literary short stories books
"In seek of the Bluebird: depression tales on Love and Terror, by way of writer Franco D’Rivera, offers an eclectic and unique collection of creative photographs of the absurd, established at the zeitgeist of the human situation in a truth side-stepped, combating the iron grip of constrictions. in a single tale a guy unearths himself in love with an international that's frightened of him.
Novuyo Rosa Tshuma has received foreign approval for her brief fiction. during this, her first assortment – inclusive of a novella and 5 brief tales – Novuyo monitors the breathtaking expertise that has obvious her win various awards. She sketches, with dazzling accuracy, the realities of way of life in Zimbabwean townships and the odd intricacies of being a foreigner in Johannesburg.
Len Gasparini is a grasp of the darkish, hard-edged, densely layered tale. In his most modern tale collection, The Snows of Yesteryear, he charts the weather of the human center with compassion, humor, nostalgia, and irony. His characters are formed as a lot by way of destiny as by means of the hungry ghosts in their personal pasts.
Okataloa County, Oklahoma is something yet a sleepy city nowadays. Special-needs ghost Billy Craig haunts the neighborhood Pen & Quill artistic Writing Society, whereas throughout city Janice Lynn solves her homelessness predicament through successful self-respect and a lime-green Volkswagen. star billionaires and Brangelina updates, continually one click on and inbox away, are digital distractions as those lady protagonists confront life’s storms.
- The Best of Albert Wendt's Short Stories
- Entry Level
- The Last Testament of an Ordinary Man & Other Stories
Extra resources for Anteaters Don't Dream and Other Stories


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Fine art photography is a genre that many photographers aspire to. But it’s not easy to achieve.
Some photographers don’t quite understand what constitutes fine art photography. But you know you will always be headed in the right direction if you incorporate the seven elements of art into your photo.
This article will review the elements of art, so you know exactly what to include in your fine art photos.
The way you play with color can set you apart as a fine art photographer. Monochrome and black and white looks are always elegant and sophisticated.
Alternately, you can refer to the color wheel to find hues that contrast, complement and contrast. Use colors next to each other and across from each on the wheel other to create the perfect blends and combinations.
Texture can also set your photo apart as an artistic piece. Look for ridges, bumps and grains that can be found in nature or manmade materials. Use macro techniques to focus on them and create a terrific abstract look.
Lines will help the composition of your photo and they can be used to draw the viewer’s eye to a specific focal point. Types of lines include straight, diagonal, converging, leading lines and vanishing points. They work especially well in architectural fine art photos.
Shapes can be geometric or organic. Geometric shapes have definite lines while organic shapes are free form. Either will work to change the balance of your photo adding a depth of field and drawing the viewer’s eye to the subject matter.
Contrast refers to how light or dark the colors in your photos are. It is especially important in black and white photography as it accents the objects in the photo. It can also work in natural lighting resulting in rich shadows and highlights.
Patterns create interest that can set your photos apart. They may be apparent, or they may be more subtle. For example, you may take a picture of an existing pattern or you may find your own patterns in waves and other natural elements. Knowing what to look out for can advance your skills as a fine art photographer.
Space will also come into play in adding interest to your photos. The space around your subject is considered negative space. It can refer to the sea, sky or a plain background.
Fine art photographers tend to maximize negative space to provide a minimalist, dramatic look. However, you may also try for the opposite effect. Whatever the desired result is, it’s important to consider how space will add to the vibe.
Fine art photography is difficult to define, but if you incorporate these seven elements of art into your pictures, you can’t go wrong. How will you be using them to take your skills to the next level?

domain: hobby