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|Year : 2023 | Volume
| Issue : 1 | Page : 17-21
Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer Activity of Moringa oleifera, Curcuma aueruginosa Roxb., and Artocarpus altilis Based on the Gamma Globin Expression
Nisa Widya Amanda1, Ita Margaretha Nainggolan2, Irmanida Batubara3, Uus Saepuloh4, Huda Shalahudin Darusman5
1 Department of Biotechnology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
2 Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor; Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
3 Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, LPPM of Bogor Agricultural University; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
4 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
5 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Bogor Agricultural University; Primate Research Center, LPPM of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
|Date of Submission||21-Aug-2022|
|Date of Decision||29-Oct-2022|
|Date of Acceptance||15-Nov-2022|
|Date of Web Publication||17-Feb-2023|
Dr. Ita Margaretha Nainggolan
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, North Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 14440
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
BACKGROUND: Beta (β)-thalassemia is a common single-gene blood disorder resulting in a decrease or absence of β-globin chain synthesis. In β-thalassemia major, an imbalance of α/β globin chains results in severe oxidative stress that leads to pathological conditions. Reactivating the gamma (γ)-globin gene will overcome the excess alpha (α)-globin chains and relieve β-thalassemia patients' clinical course.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the most competent herbal extract with high efficiency in inducing γ-globin gene expression to facilitate β-thalassemia patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used K562 cell line culture to assess the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction efficacy of Moringa oleifera (MO), Curcuma aueruginosa Roxb. (CA), and Artocarpus altilis (AA). We carried out the benzidine test to count hemoglobin-containing cells and RT-qPCR to measure γ-globin gene expression.
RESULTS: The benzidine test showed that MO extract was the highest value (3%) in inducing fetal hemoglobin. However, based on RT-PCR analysis, CA extract had the most significant (2.39 fold change) ability to reactivate the γ-globin gene compared to Hydroxyurea as a positive control.
CONCLUSION: The different properties and levels of MO and CA testing in antioxidant and reactivation of gene expression mechanism most probably influenced the discrepancy between the benzidine test and RT-qPCR results.
Keywords: Beta-thalassemia, gamma-globin, fetal hemoglobin, herbal extract, K562 cell line
|How to cite this article:|
Amanda NW, Nainggolan IM, Batubara I, Saepuloh U, Darusman HS. Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer Activity of Moringa oleifera, Curcuma aueruginosa Roxb., and Artocarpus altilis Based on the Gamma Globin Expression. J Appl Hematol 2023;14:17-21
|How to cite this URL:|
Amanda NW, Nainggolan IM, Batubara I, Saepuloh U, Darusman HS. Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer Activity of Moringa oleifera, Curcuma aueruginosa Roxb., and Artocarpus altilis Based on the Gamma Globin Expression. J Appl Hematol [serial online] 2023 [cited 2023 Jun 8];14:17-21. Available from: https://www.jahjournal.org/text.asp?2023/14/1/17/369844
| Introduction|| |
Beta (β)-thalassemia is the most common monogenic blood disorder and globally has a high mortality rate. This red blood cell disorder results from a lack or absence of synthesis of β-globin chains, which are the main components in the composition of adult hemoglobin. As a result, an imbalance between the alpha (α)/β globin chains results in excessive accumulation of α globin chains. Aggregates of unbound α-globin cause an increase in oxidative stress so that the erythropoiesis process in the bone marrow becomes ineffective and can also shorten the lifespan of red blood cells. The presence of oxidative stress causes an increase in excessive iron levels in the body and plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of thalassemia and its complications. Some effects can also lead to pathological changes such as growth retardation, osteoporosis, heart failure, and other complications.
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the Hb synthesized in every human that usually occurs in the early period of life. Pharmacologically, reactivation of the gamma (γ)-globin gene can increase the γ-globin synthesis and subsequently amount of HbF to compensate the decrease of β-globin synthesis, which results in ineffective erythropoiesis. Therefore, therapy with induction of HbF is considered the most appropriate treatment for β-thalassemia. Clinically, hydroxyurea (HU) is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an HbF inducer in β-hemoglobinopathies, but its ability decreases in treatment and can cause infertility and teratogenicity in patients., In addition, other available treatments are scheduled blood transfusions and the administration of chelating agents to prevent iron overload and bone marrow transplantation.
In recent years, several drugs have been identified for synthesizing HbF, such as HU and 5-azacytidine. However, their myelotoxicity and carcinogenesis effects encourage researchers to find other new compounds with high efficiency and accuracy in increasing HbF. Natural ingredients that plants own have become a source of compounds that are very important in treating various diseases. Phytochemical studies on Moringa oleifera (MO), Curcuma aeruginosa (CA), and Artocarpus altilis (AA) based on multiple extractions, isolation, and analytical methods showed the identification of flavonoids. The research explained that flavonoid compounds could be HbF-inducing agents.,, The other finding elucidated that quercetin, one of the flavonoid families, can overcome β-thalassemia through antioxidant pathways.
| Subjects and Methods|| |
K562 cell culture
Human K562 cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 1% L-glutamine, and 1% antimycotic-antibacterial. Using a cell counter, we determined cell growth according to the number of cells/ml. We incubated the K562 cells for 2-3 days. We carried out the cell passage when the cells had 70%–80% confluence in the well plate. We calculated the cells using 0.4% trypan blue and a hemacytometer, then regrown in RPMI-1640 complete medium in a T75 flask and stored at 37°C incubator with 5% CO2 for 3 days.
Trypan blue test
The trypan blue test determined the effect of the extract on cell growth and proliferation. Cell viability was determined on day five after herbal treatment by mixing cell suspension and trypan blue with a ratio of 1:1 volume and incubation time of 2 min at room temperature. We counted both living (unstained) and nonliving cells (blue) using a hemocytometer under inverted microscope. We use the following formula to calculate the cell viability and cell density as follows:
Testing of extracts on K562 cells
We use cells after passaging twice. Each sample extract was stocked with a concentration of 1000 g/mL and diluted to 10 g/mL. Before testing, we calculated the number of cells and added a uniform number of cells in each well plate. The number of cells to calculate cell viability and induction of HbF was 2 × 104 cells/ml. The extract concentration was 0.1, 0.5, and 1 g/mL. We added each well plate with medium, cells, and extract. This experiment included the negative control dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the positive control HU. We incubated the cells at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for 5 days.
We prepared the benzidine stock solution by adding 1 g of benzidine dihydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) to 14.5 ml of glacial acetic acid and topping up with 485.3 ml of distilled water. We made the working solution by putting together 20 ul of 30% H2O2 and 1 ml of the benzidine stock solution. Equal volumes of the working solution and cells in the tube were then incubated at room temperature for 2–3 min. Cells containing Hb are indicated by the appearance of blue color and then counted using a hemocytometer. Calculation of the percentage of positive Hb using the following formula:
Real-Time polymerase chain reaction
We extracted total mRNA from 5 days of incubating cells. The extracted RNA was partially diluted to obtain a uniform concentration between samples for cDNA synthesis. Reverse transcription was performed using random hexamers with the SYBR Green I reverse transcriptase and total RNA as a template. Real-time polymerase chain reaction studied the semiquantitative expression of γ-globin in HU and extracted treatments using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) expression as an internal control. Each recorded Cycle threshold (Ct) value is normalized for data.
All statistics were carried out by the software Statictical Package for Social Science (SPSS) by IBM, Chicago, USA. The statistical significances were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance, and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).
| Results|| |
Effects of herbal extracts on K562 cell growth and viability
The inclusive inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells is presented in [Table 1]. The table presents no significant changes in cell viability after administering several herbal extracts with varying concentrations. It is known that different cell lines may show different sensitivity to certain compounds and concentrations. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the extract concentration and its cytotoxic effect on K562 cells by viability assay. The results of this experiment showed that the extracts of AA, MO, and CA in K562 cells showed values above 90%. After treatment with the extract, the cell culture showed no significant cytotoxic activity in K562 cells.
|Table 1: Effects of extract for viability cell using trypan blue on K562 cells|
Click here to view
Effects of herbal extracts on K562 cell differentiation
The effect of erythrocyte differentiation after being incubated for 5 days is shown in [Table 2]. A benzidine stain test evaluated the accumulation of Hb formation in the cells. Almost all extracts have shown some degree of erythroid differentiation effect on K562 cells at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. HU, an inducing agent, was used as a positive control with a maximum yield of 14.4%. The results found that HU showed a maximal Hb differentiation phenotype in K562 cells. Herbal extracts of MO, CA, and AA with various concentrations did not experience significant changes in K562 cells. Effect of the dose-dependent extract in erythroid differentiation of K562 cells showed MO extract at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL induced erythroid differentiation with an increase of 3% ± 3.9% in benzidine positive cells. Similarly, AA extract at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL showed a rise of 2.7% ± 3.5%. In comparison, CA extract at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL showed an increase of 2.4% ± 1.1% in the benzidine-positive cell population.
|Table 2: Effects of extract for induction of fetal hemoglobin using benzidine on K562 erythroid differentiation|
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Herbal extracts induce γ-globin transcription and fetal hemoglobin expression in the K562 cell line
The transcription of the γ-globin gene was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) after being incubated for 120 h using herbal extracts. The graph in [Figure 1] shows that the herbal extracts used induced erythroid differentiation and hemoglobinization of K562 cells. We observed the effect of these extracts on the expression of the γ-globin gene associated with HbF production. The results showed that CA extract with a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL increased γ-globin expression by 2.39 times. AA extracts with a concentration of 1 mg/mL rise to 0.79 times, and AAs with a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL became 0.64 times, whereas HU showed a 1.95-fold increase in γ-globin expression in K562 cells during erythroid differentiation. The untreated control group showed no significant induction of γ-globin expression and normalized to one. The resultant data obtained were normalized with the housekeeping GADPH.
|Figure 1: Level of γ-globin mRNA effects of several treatments natural herbal using RT-qPCR on K562 cells. CM = Complete Medium; HU = Hydroxyurea; DMSO = Dimethyl sulfoxide, MO = Moringa oleifera, CA = Curcuma aeruginosa, AA = Artocarpus altilis Roxb., RT-qPCR = Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction|
Click here to view
| Discussion|| |
We calculated the percentage of viability cells by giving trypan blue to cells with several concentrations of extracts used. Statistical tests showed that each group differed significantly, with a P < 0.05. These results indicated that the active extracts of AA, MO, and CA did not inhibit K562 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. According to the data, HU has a lower cell viability value than the others, 95.5% ± 2.3%. In addition, cell viability was more than 80%, suggesting that all natural extracts were less toxic than the positive control.
HU has been known to inhibit ribonucleotide reductase that have a toxic effect on cells. Leukemia cells incubated using MO extract at 800 and 1000 ug/ml gave better results in cell viability compared to those with 600 ug or lower. This is because the MO extract can reduce the lipid peroxidation process. Following the data obtained, the MO group treatment incubated for 120 h had a cell viability value of about 98%. The CA extract would experience K562 cell death at 25 g/ml. The last, AA extract, shows a decrease in cell proliferation with an increase in concentration. Concentrations between 50 g/ml and 75 g/ml are the most effective dose in decreasing number of living cells. This experiment used 0.1–1 mg/ml concentration, which did not reduce the viability cell value.
The results demonstrated that K562 cells experienced erythroid differentiation with various percentages of increase in benzidine-positive cells following treatment with several herbal extracts. Statistical analysis showed that each group differed significantly, with a P < 0.05. Furthermore, research was carried out using RT-qPCR to determine how much mRNA was produced in the γ-globin gene with the housekeeping gene GADPH. The accumulation of HbF is always accompanied by an increase in mRNA, meaning that the herbal extract used has the potential to be an anti-thalassemia drug. The results showed that the CA extract with a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml had the highest level in inducing mRNA γ-globin expression, as much as 2.39 fold changes. As for the positive control, the HU was 1.95 fold changes. One of the natural agents that could induce HbF was curcuminoid found in the rhizome of Curcuma. Curcuminoid could induce a 1.2 ± 0.4 fold change.
The positive control HU with a smaller value than the curcumin compound had a similar result to this current research. Several pathways can induce the formation of HbF, namely, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Curcumin, a compound contained in the CA extract, can activate the JAK/STAT pathway. This pathway is triggered due to the binding of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) with erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), resulting in the transphosphorylation of JAK2. Then, proceed with tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and EPO-R in the cytoplasm. The resulting residue produces STAT5 monomers and migrates toward the target gene to the nucleus. A study carried out by Kalpravidh et al. showed that curcumin compound could improve the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia/HbE patients. The next highest extract value was AA extract, with 0.79 times the ability to produce γ-globin. This little value is probably because the chemical compound AA, with the majority of its content, quercetin, does not activate one of the essential pathways in the induction of HbF. The quercetin compound further activates the NRF2/KEAP 1 pathway, which this pathway has the primary function of an antioxidant. Quercetin from a group of flavonoid compounds is not capable of being one of the treatment agents for β-thalassemia.
We thank PT Industri Jamu Borobudur, Semarang, Indonesia for providing the herbal extracts. Also thank to Ms. Hanna Natalia and Ms. Almira Sidharta for technical assistance.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References|| |
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Thiourea derivatives induce fetal hemoglobin production in-vitro
: A new class of potential therapeutic agents for β-thalassemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019;855:285-93.
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Treatment of β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E with antioxidant cocktails results in decreased oxidative stress, increased hemoglobin concentration, and improvement of the hypercoagulable state. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015;2015:537954.
Chumpuchanaphai S, Svasti S, Vadolas J, Thu YY. Screening of medical plants for fetal hemoglobin inducer as alternative treatments in β-thalassemia. Biomolecules 2021;2564:44-54.
Khan F, Ali H, Musharraf SG. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate induces fetal hemoglobin production in K562 cells and β-YAC transgenic mice: A therapeutic approach for γ-globin induction. Exp Cell Res 2020;394:112168.
DeBaun MR. Hydroxyurea therapy contributes to infertility in adult men with sickle cell disease: A review. Expert Rev Hematol 2014;7:767-73.
Flagnan JM, Howrad TA, Mortier N, Avlasevich SL, Smeltzer MP, Wu S, et al
. Effect of rapamycin on accumulation of α-, β- and γ-globin mRNAs in erythroid precursor cells from β-thalassemia patiens. Mutat Res 2010;608:38-42.
Farkhondeh T, Folgado SL, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ashrafizadeh M, Samarghandian S. The therapeutic effect of resveratrol: Focusing on the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020;127:110234.
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Theodorou A, Phylactides M, Forti L, Cramarossa MR, Spyrou P, Gambari R, et al
. The investigation of resveratrol and analogs as potential inducers of fetal hemoglobin. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016;58:6-12.
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Leaf extract on human promyelocytic leukemia cells subjected to oxidative stress. J Med Food 2020;23:728-34.
Fathonah F and Hardiani F. Activity of ethanol extract of temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) as antiproliferative in MCM/IPB-B3 and K562 tumor cells. Thesis 2015. Bogor: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University; 2015.
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extract on cervical cancel cells. Proceedings 2018;5:15559-66.
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. A reduced curcuminoid analog as a novel inducer of fetal hemoglobin. Ann Hematol 2013;92:379-86.
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[Table 1], [Table 2]


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Young people’s museum project receives National Lottery boost
The Reimagine, Remake, Replay project will enable young people to enhance museum collections by making and curating their own exhibitions, taking over museum and gallery spaces and re-interpreting existing exhibits.
Four thousand young people aged 16-25 from across Northern Ireland will be involved in the new four-year project. Seven museums and galleries will open up their collections of fine and applied arts, furniture, costume and textiles, maritime and industrial heritage and archaeology and archives for the young people to explore. The young people will pick up a host of new skills to help reimagine these collections and create new interpretive materials that incorporate new, modern technologies into the displays.
Activities and training will be provided to allow them to write, cast and direct their own films, develop interactive events and exhibitions, create apps and games, and use 3D scanners and printers and virtual reality and 3D filmmaking technology.
The project will be delivered by the Nerve Centre, a leading creative media arts centre, in partnership with National Museums Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Screen and Northern Ireland Museums Council.
Funding for the project was awarded by the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) through its Kick the Dust programme. Announcing the award, Head of HLF Northern Ireland, Paul Mullan, said: “Thanks to National Lottery players, this ambitious project will give young people the skills they need to create imaginative, engaging content that gives new perspective and relevance to our heritage.
“The fantastic network of partner museums and galleries will provide unique access to their collections, giving a real ‘hands-on’ opportunity for the young people and helping them to connect to their heritage in meaningful ways. We are looking forward to seeing how they respond to the collections, what is of importance and value to them, and how they use these to reflect their own identity and sense of the past while still connecting to our collective heritage.”
Welcoming news of the award, David Lewis, Director of Digital Content and Communications at the Nerve Centre, said: “The Nerve Centre and our partners are delighted with this significant level of investment from the Heritage Lottery Fund. Reimagine, Remake, Replay is an ambitious, regional project that will create exciting opportunities for young people to engage with heritage in ways that are relevant to their lives and aspirations.
“Young people will have unique access to the fantastic collections of the Ulster Museum, a range of local museums and Northern Ireland Screen’s Digital Film Archive through the project. We’re excited to work with the partners to bring this project to life and to bring a creative approach to exploring their collections.”
Notes to Editors
About Kick the Dust
Kick the Dust was named by young people, because they wanted to stir up heritage. It is a £10million pilot grant programme, through which HLF aims to transform how heritage organisations engage with young people.
Grants of between £500,000 and £1m are awarded to projects where heritage and youth organisations collaborate to create opportunities for 11-25 year olds.
Through this pilot programme, HLF aims to increase the scale and ambition of heritage organisations’ work with young people, and show what this age group has to offer heritage.
Thanks to National Lottery players, we invest money to help people across the UK explore, enjoy and protect the heritage they care about - from the archaeology under our feet to the historic parks and buildings we love, from precious memories and collections to rare wildlife.
About Nerve Centre
The Nerve Centre offers a wide-ranging programme of arts and cultural activity, cutting edge projects, creative learning centres, training opportunities, and state-of-the-art production facilities.
Each year, the Nerve Centre engages directly with more than 20,000 young people through its Creative Learning Centres, vocational training courses and a wide variety of digital and creative projects; welcomes audiences of more than 100,000 to its music, visual arts and film programmes; creates award-winning educational resources for initiatives like Creative Centenaries; and generates online audiences in the millions to its portfolio of digital platforms, which includes Culture NI (www.culturenorthernireland.org).
In 2012, the Nerve Centre set up one of the first FabLabs in Ireland, a digital fabrication space in which users can use advanced digital manufacturing technologies to make ‘almost anything’.
Please contact Julie Halliday at HLF Northern Ireland.
- Mobile: 07733 100674
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: artistic


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Here are the latest Amateur Radio news, events, features, and commentary compiled by “The ARRL Letter.”
Views expressed in this Amateur/Ham Radio update are those of the reporters and correspondents.
Accessed on 24 February 2023, 0457 UTC.
Content provided by HQ ARRL, Newington, CT, 06111.
Source: https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgzGrcjSVPnqQDRcJwQPfzJrfSgSM (“The ARRL Letter”).
Please click link or scroll down to read your selections. Thanks for joining us today.
|If you are having trouble reading this message, you can see the original at:
February 23, 2023
John E. Ross, KD8IDJ, Editor
2022 Roanoke Division ARRL Service Award Recipient Selected
John Gendron, NJ4Z, has been named the recipient of the 2022 Roanoke Division ARRL Service Award. This award is the highest and most prestigious recognition of an ARRL member operator within the Division’s four states who has shown consistent and extensive leadership.
First licensed as a Technician in 2016, Gendron quickly advanced to the General- and Amateur Extra-class licenses. At the same time, he helped revitalize the Amateur Radio Emergency Service® (ARES®) in his area, as well as the York County Amateur Radio Society (YCARS) in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Gendron’s story about reinvigorating YCARS is featured in the “Club Station” column in the September 2022 issue of QST . He also has a YouTube channel, “From the Hamshack,” is an avid DX chaser, and can often be found activating parks for Parks on the Air (POTA).
Gendron is the 55th recipient of the Roanoke Division ARRL Service Award, which began in 1968 and is bestowed annually. Judges for the award are past recipients. The award is also nicknamed the Vic Clark Award after one of the original winners, Victor Clark, W4KFC (SK), who was a Roanoke Division Director and ARRL President. The list of all 55 winners, as well as a history of the award, can be found on the Roanoke Division’s website.
Nominations for the 2023 Roanoke Division ARRL Service Award recipient will open in January 2024.
Amateur Radio on the International Space Station Seeking Contact Proposals
The Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) program is seeking formal and informal educational institutions and organizations, either individually or working together, to host an amateur radio contact with a crew member on board the International Space Station (ISS).
ARISS anticipates the contact will be held between January 1, 2024, and June 30, 2024. Crew scheduling and ISS orbits will determine the exact contact dates. To maximize these radio contact opportunities, ARISS is looking for organizations that will draw large numbers of participants and integrate the radio contact into a well-developed education plan.
The deadline to submit a proposal is March 31, 2023. Proposal information and more details, such as expectations, proposal guidelines, and the proposal form, can be found at https://www.ariss.org/apply-
An ARISS introductory webinar will be held March 1, 2023, at 8:00 PM EST. The Eventbrite link to sign up for the free webinar is https://www.eventbrite.com/e/
ARISS is a cooperative venture of international amateur radio societies and the space agencies that support the ISS. The United States sponsors are ARRL, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT), Amateur Radio Digital Communications (ARDC), NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation program (SCaN), and the ISS National Lab Space Station Explorers (SSE).
W8LT – A History of Amateur Radio at Ohio State University
W8LT is the call sign for the Amateur Radio and RF Club at The Ohio State University (OSU).
The university club has a long history, and archive records indicate that 1926 was the year it officially became a club, likely making it the oldest one on campus. W8LT is just 3 years shy of celebrating its 100th anniversary.
In the early 1920s, the call sign started out as 8LT, until the Radio Act of 1927 added a “W” to all radio call signs. Then, W8LT had been closely associated with WOSU Radio, the university’s non-commercial station, which began as WEAO in June of 1922. The two stations were believed to have shared a small building near campus until the mid-1950s.
In 1957, both stations were moved to small military-style Quonset huts. From July 1961 to January 1963, the club was unable to find a location anywhere on campus, so all of their equipment was put into storage in club member Bill Hale’s, K8JIX, basement and brought out only for ARRL Field Day each June.
Eventually, W8LT found a new home in the bell tower at Ohio Stadium, a room directly below where the bell rings after every home-game win. That location allowed a 500-foot-long wire antenna to be stretched from the tower to a nearby smokestack at OSU’s power station. The result was a very powerful signal that could be heard clearly on stations around the world.
When Ohio Stadium was renovated, W8LT moved again, this time to Bevis Hall, where it remains today near the location of the old military – style Quonset huts.
Today, the club continues to grow with 15 active members, including students, staff, and alumni.
Faculty Advisor Larry Feth, K8HTC, said that the club takes every opportunity to recruit new members and offer license testing sessions.
More information is available on the W8LT website and on their Facebook page.
W8LT is an ARRL Affiliated Club and participates in the ARRL Collegiate Amateur Radio Program.
World Amateur Radio Day Theme: Human Security for All
The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) announced that Human Security for All (HS4A) will be this year’s theme of World Amateur Radio Day on April 18, 2023.
The day is being celebrated with a 2-week operating event occurring April 11 – 25. Special event stations will be operating from around the world, making two-way radio contacts to call attention to the HS4A campaign.
The concept of human security measures the security of an individual by things essential to one’s well-being. This includes economics, food, health, the environment, personal factors, the community, and political factors.
Amateur radio is uniquely positioned to address those challenges by promoting technical knowledge, practical skills, innovative technology, and the deployment of backup systems at the community level that can be called upon in times of emergency.
IARU, a federation of the national amateur radio societies of over 150 countries worldwide, is the global advocate for amateur radio through its Sector Membership in the International Telecommunication Union, an agency of the U.N., and other activities.
The United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security and the World Academy of Art and Science are partnering with IARU in the campaign.
In a release, the partners wrote, “Amateur radio has repeatedly demonstrated its ability to address human security needs. It is a truly global communications medium comprising some three million radio enthusiasts connecting communities and the peoples of the world.”
ARRL participates in World Amateur Radio Day each year. It was on this day in 1925 that the IARU was formed in Paris. ARRL co-founder Hiram Percy Maxim was its first president. For additional World Amateur Radio Day resources, visit http://www.arrl.org/world-
Click the image below to watch a video about HS4A:
ARRL Welcomes Kevin Beal, K8EAL, as the Director of Development
Kevin Beal, K8EAL, has joined ARRL staff as the Director of Development.
He has a significant background in nonprofit administration, and for the last 17 years, has managed large-scale projects and teams. His previous experience includes various roles supporting organizations and higher education institutions with program management, events, alumni engagement, and fundraising.
Beal has also worked on cybersecurity infrastructure training projects supported by the Federal Emergency Management Association (FEMA) and feels that amateur radio has significant value as an emergency communications tool.
With a father who was an electronics engineer during Vietnam in the US Army Signal Corps, Beal has been surrounded by radio his whole life. “I grew up in a household of spare electronics and communications equipment where at-home repair and soldering were commonplace,” he said. He’s excited to grow as a licensed ham and was thrilled to make a contact from the Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial Station as W1AW.
He joins ARRL after a career at his alma mater, Norwich University, from which he earned a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in international conflict management and resolution. As a cadet at Norwich University, he participated in the Naval and Marine Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (NROTC) as a part of the cadre training new cadets, and he was a member of the Cavalry Troop.
Beal looks forward to getting to know ARRL donors. He and his wife live in Connecticut near ARRL Headquarters with their two daughters and their rescued hound. On most weekends during the winter, he can be found on the road taking his oldest daughter to her next hockey game.
Amateur Radio in the News
ARRL Public Information Officers, Coordinators, and many other member-volunteers help keep amateur radio and ARRL in the news.
“Cache Valley students made live contact with an astronaut in space” / Utah Public Radio (Utah), February 10, 2023. — Ridgeline High School Cache County District.
“Ham radio operators and their role with sled dog safety” / WJMN TV (Michigan), February 17, 2023. — Al Augustyn, W8FYZ, is Secretary of the Marquette Radio Repeater System.
“Schofield club excels in international radio outreach” / Aiken Standard (South Carolina), February 20, 2023. — The Schofield Amateur Radio and Technology Club.
On the Air
ARRL Audio News
The On the Air podcast is available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android). The On the Air podcast and ARRL Audio News are also on blubrry — On the Air | ARRL Audio News.
The rescue and recovery operations continue after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck Turkey on February 6, with casualties reaching nearly 46,000. Another earthquake, this time with a magnitude of 6.4, hit the country on Tuesday, February 21, 2023. More casualties and injuries are expected. Amateur radio continues to be the major link for communication for the entire area throughout both earthquakes. Turkish amateur radio operator Aziz Sasa, TA1E, has been at the disaster areas coordinating frequencies for the teams and carrying out search and rescue operations. On Tuesday, Sasa was interviewed on the British Broadcasting Corporation’s (BBC) Digital Planet program, where he talked about the continued amateur radio help during the disaster. An audio link to the program is available here. While the entire program lasts 46 minutes, the interview with Sasa is within the first 6 minutes.
The K7RA Solar Update
Tad Cook, K7RA, of Seattle, Washington, reports for this week’s ARRL Propagation Bulletin, ARLP008:
Solar activity plunged this reporting week, although there was some excitement on February 17, 2023, when the solar flux was reported as a record breaking 343.1.
Because it was the noon reading, it is still reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the solar flux, but this was a false reading when the Penticton detectors were overloaded by energy from a solar flare.
So, in this report, I have chosen the 1800 UTC flux value, which was 165.
The average daily sunspot number plunged from 182.4 to 107, while the average solar flux dropped from 196.4 to 162.4. If I had not changed the 343.1 to 165, the solar flux average would have been 187.9.
Six new sunspots emerged over the week, one on February 16, one each on February 18 and 19, and three more on February 20.
The solar flux prediction for the next month shows a peak value of 180 for March 7 – 13.
Predicted values are 150 on February 23; 148 on February 24 – 25; 146 on February 26 – 27; 142 on February 28; 140 on March 1; 145 on March 2 – 3; 150, 155, and 165 on March 4 – 6; 180 on March 7 – 13; 175 and 170 on March 14 – 15; 160 on March 16 – 17; 155, 160, 150, 140, and 135 on March 18 – 22; 125 on March 23 – 24; 130 on March 25, and 140 on March 26 – 28.
Predicted planetary A index is 8 on February 23 – 24; 10, 5, and 12 on February 25 – 27; 18, 16, and 8 on February 28 – March 2; 5 on March 3 – 4; 15, 18, 15, and 8 on March 5 – 8; 5 on March 9 – 14; 15 on March 15; 8 on March 16 – 17; 5 on March 18 – 20; 10 on March 21 – 23; 5 on March 24 – 25, and 8 on March 26 – 27.
Jon Jones, N0JK, wrote:
“There was a nice 6-meter F2 opening on February 16.
I logged [the] HC1MD/2 grid FI57 on 50 MHz FT8 at 1916 UTC. I found this opening by checking the DXMaps website. HC1MD/2 had a strong, steady signal. I operated from home using an attic dipole antenna. [I] also logged HC2FG.
Other area 6-meter operators such as WQ0P (EM19) and KF0M (EM17) also worked stations in Chile. The K index was 4, which I suspect may have helped.
On February 18, a number of North American stations worked Robert Felicite, 3B9FR, around 1600 UTC on 6-meter FT8.
(3B9FR is on Rodrigues Island in the Indian Ocean, off the southeast coast of South Africa)
Conditions were great [during] the ARRL [International] DX CW Contest on 10 meters. I operated [for] a couple of hours [on] Sunday morning [while] running 5 W and a quarter-wave whip fixed mobile. [I] worked [more than one] hundred stations [between] Europe, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. Many of the Europeans were over S-9.”
Sunspot numbers for February 16 – 22 were 101, 86, 109, 112, 135, 106, and 100, with a mean of 107. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 163.2, 165, 167.2, 169, 159.8, 160.9, and 151.9, with a mean of 162.4. Estimated planetary A indices were 24, 6, 6, 7, 8, 17, and 6, with a mean of 10.6. The middle latitude A index was 21, 4, 5, 4, 6, 15, and 4, with a mean of 8.4.
Send your tips, questions, or comments to email@example.com.
A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the ARRL Technical Information Service, read “What the Numbers Mean…” and check out the Propagation Page of Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA.
A propagation bulletin archive is available. For customizable propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham Radio website.
Share your reports and observations.
A weekly, full report is posted on ARRL News.
Just Ahead in Radiosport
Year-long — ARRL Volunteers On the Air (VOTA). See also the State Activations Schedule for weekly W1AW Portable Operations including these:
Visit the ARRL Contest Calendar for more events and information.
Upcoming Section, State, and Division Conventions
Search the ARRL Hamfest and Convention Database to find events in your area.
Have News for ARRL?
Submissions for the ARRL Letter and ARRL News can be sent to firstname.lastname@example.org. — John E. Ross, KD8IDJ, ARRL News Editor
ARRL — Your One-Stop Resource for
Free of charge to ARRL members…
Aloha es 73 de Russell Roberts (KH6JRM)
Public Information Officer
Hawaii County, ARRL Pacific Section

domain: hobby


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ILLEGAL ALIENS, TUITION AND THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
Dual enrollment – or no-cost tuition on public university seats for illegal aliens in high-school
In an amazing move, the General Assembly passed HB444 in March 2020 and the governor signed it into law. That bill, sold as “reform” was presented as reducing the number of high school students in the very costly “Dual Enrollment” program in which high schoolers can take public university classes at no cost to the student. Taxpayers foot the entire cost – which is obviously even better than instate tuition.
Despite attempts by pro-enforcement lobbyists who wanted changes to protect taxpayers and legal residents, the law contains no language to determine immigration status or to exclude illegal aliens from the no-cost, taxpayer-funded college classroom seats.
We are told that many legislators were not aware that the bill did not change longstanding policy of putting high school illegal aliens in college seats at zero cost to the illegal alien student. The bill was rushed to an unscheduled vote in the House when word started to get out. We hope you willed about that here.
More on HB444.
Instate tuition for illegal aliens legislation – 2020
Currently, state law and Regents policy prohibits illegal aliens from accessing instate tuition rates.
Under the Gold Dome in 2020, there were three bills that would not only grant instate tuition to illegal aliens with DACA, but would include virtually all illegal aliens. These bills would be enabling illegal aliens in Georgia to pay less at public universities than US citizens and legal immigrants who live in Michigan, for example.
Two of these three measures were introduced and sponsored by Republicans.
Is instate tuition coming for illegal aliens in 2021? “We’re going to work towards something…” says the Republican House Education Committee Chairman.
Apparently, Dalton’s Republican Rep. Kasey Carpenter wants legislators to believe that his own 2020 bill aimed at instate tuition would apply only to illegal aliens with the DACA temporary amnesty reprieve. We hope this (and reading the 2020 bill) helps clear that up. A reminder: Real immigrants do not need special legislation to access in-state tuition in Georgia University System of Georgia colleges. Also, real immigrants do not require amnesty.
Let’s not forget that about half of the illegal aliens in the USA did not cross the border illegally. They came on temporary visas and never went home. And they are still coming. About a million more victims of borders will soon be screaming for special treatment.
And please remember the “DREAM Act” and DACA are not the same thing.
INCLUDING UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION, ILLEGAL ALIENS ARE RECEIVING TAXPAYER-FUNDED PUBLIC BENEFITS
Long-standing Georgia law (OCGA 50-36-1) says that non-citizens (aliens) who do not have lawful presence (illegal aliens) are not eligible for an array of public benefits. A list here. A federal Appellate Court ruled last year that although illegal aliens with the Obama DACA amnesty are “inadmissible” and do not have lawful presence or legal status. The entire opinion here.
Despite this fact, these illegals are reportedly filing for and receiving state unemployment benefits and other public benefits. We are also investigating the likelihood that illegal aliens are accessing concealed carry licenses for firearms.
The anti-enforcement Georgia Budget and Policy Institute has ignored the Appellate Court ruling and has an entry on the DOL website that says illegal aliens with a work permit do have lawful presence. It is the federal government (congress) that decides immigration status.

domain: sociology


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A Little Elm woman is being charged with murder after she killed her husband during a fight on February 12.
Authorities arrested Micyra Williams,27 Wednesday morning for the murder of her husband Caleb Pearson,30.
The incident happened in the 2800 block of Quietwater Dr when the couple got into a physical altercation causing williams to shoot her husband.
When authorities arrived to the home they found Pearson dead and Williams suffering from injuries she sustained during their altercation.
She was transported to a nearby hospital and treated for her injuries.
Four children were also inside the home unharmed, at the time of the shooting and were placed with Child Protective Services.
Williams remains in Denton County with no bond.

domain: law


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Home buying tips and even renovation ideas. Potential buyers look to see the presence a real estate company has in a community. So they know who to invest their trust in when it comes to buying. Let’s look at kettler co. Real estate group. This national property management firm took to its instagram account to promote online home buyer’s classes. Showed what it might look like to close on a house during quarantine and how the organization is supporting local businesses in their area during the pandemic. How can you pivot like kettler? Using sprout’s group report. Kettler could analyze the impressions and engagements during their switch in content to determine what resonated with future home buyers. They could see which content had the most engagements after the start of the pandemic.
Student Body Enhancing Programs Connecting
So they knew which messages to continue sharing. Government Quality Directors Email Lists social to engage with your constituents and educate them about new policies and happenings under your group’s jurisdiction. Government agencies that take to social have a unique opportunity to connect with their citizens. Showing that they’re invested in the experiences of the citizens and that their care is a top priority. Let’s look at the city of las vegas. The social team switched gears to detail new policies about food and alcohol delivery in the city and posted the latest information about developments about the covid-19 pandemic and how it affects residents. The city also took to instagram to share more information about available grants for citizens to access for assistance. How can you pivot like the city of las vegas? The social team had to tap into what conversations constituents were having about how state and citywide policies were affecting them.
On What Matters Most Growing Their
By using advanced listening. The social team could determine which new orders to highlight and how citizens could access food and other services. Finance while social can pose different challenges for the finance industry with regulations on what information can and can’t be shared. Financial institutions are in a unique position to provide details about financial services. Grants and loans to help their customers understand the options available to them. Let’s look at bank of america. The brand focused on helping small businesses with its paycheck protection program to ensure small business owners didn’t need to worry about money during the pandemic. Bank of america also started promoting learning resources to help educate their audiences on financial best practices.

domain: finance


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Late one night in the middle of January, a new trailer “leaked” on to the Internet that had plenty of reasons to get people talking: starring turns from John Goodman and Mary Elizabeth Winstead, a premise that pulled on the primal fear of being caged up and the distinct feeling that much of the plot was shrouded in mystery. And then the kicker: Credits that revealed it was produced by J.J. Abrams and included the almighty watchword “Cloverfield” in the title. Here was “10 Cloverfield Lane,” a film that was set to hit theaters a mere two months after its first bit of marketing appeared in the public space.
Rumors of a “Cloverfield” sequel have persisted for years, kicked up almost immediately after Matt Reeves’ 2008 found-footage monster movie hit theaters, and enduring on long after Reeves and Abrams both moved on to larger things (from the revitalized “Planet of the Apes” franchise to a little something called “Star Wars”). But it was hard to imagine what exactly a “Cloverfield” sequel would look like, who it would follow or how it would actually fit into the interestingly assembled universe. Dan Trachtenberg’s “10 Cloverfield Lane” wades through that conundrum with a clever strategy: Not a direct sequel to Reeves’ original feature, it’s been touted as both a “spiritual successor” and a “blood relative” to the first film (though it does leave open the opportunity for “Cloverfield” fans to deconstruct and analyze plenty of material, and they will surely be able to draw connections and conclusions from their findings). It should please both hardened fans and thrill-seeking newbies.
Simply put, if you like “Cloverfield,” you’re going to like “10 Cloverfield Lane.” But the films don’t share a direct storyline, any characters or even similar filming styles. Instead, the films are kindred spirits.
Reportedly retrofitted from a previous script known as “The Cellar” (penned by John Campbell and Matt Stuecken, who get both a “story by” credit and a screenwriting nod on the feature), “10 Cloverfield Lane” was eventually reworked into its existing version with help from Damien Chazelle under the codename “Valencia.” The film follows Michelle (Mary Elizabeth Winstead), who we first meet as she’s quickly packing her bags and getting the hell out of metaphorical Dodge (the film is set in Louisiana, a nice counter-balance to the city-set terrors of “Cloverfield”).
But Michelle isn’t fleeing any outsized monsters; she’s actually just leaving her fiance, who promptly calls her up and begs her to come home. Answering while driving is never a great idea, but that point is hammered home quite swiftly when Michelle is knocked off the road in a snappy car accident that sets the tone for the rest of the rest of the film. Michelle’s nightmare is only beginning, however, because when she wakes up from the accident, she’s chained up in some dude’s creepy basement bunker. John Goodman’s Howard is a study in extremes, one who demands that Michelle thank him for his generosity in saving her (because the world outside has seemingly ended, conveniently while Michelle was unconscious) while also so very clearly harboring a nefarious agenda
Trachtenberg ratchets up the tension with ease, and even small things — the way Howard makes a fist, the appearance of a photograph, an oddly jammed air shaft — are filled with a stomach-turning dread that keeps the film chugging along until its explosive last act.
“10 Cloverfield Lane” doesn’t dance around the truth for too long, but the film is built to force its audience to draw quick conclusions about Howard and his aims. Is he a doomsday loony who got lucky and helped out a woman in need at the most opportune of times? Or is he a lying psychopath who has cooked up one hell of a story to tell his latest captive? The film eventually explores other options, but keeps its central framework unchanged. It is, like most things sprung from Abrams’ so-called mystery box, hard to explain without spoiling, and so much of the joy of Trachtenberg’s film is its many surprises, twists and change-ups.
Despite the bizarre situation she finds herself in, Michelle remains a relatable figure as the suspense continues to build. Essentially functioning as the “final girl” of horror movie lore for the duration of the movie, Michelle makes entirely rationale decisions that will have no impatient viewers yelling that the screen. (This is not the kind of character who runs up the stairs when everyone in the audience screams at her to scoot out the door.)
Filled with considerable dread and mystery, “10 Cloverfield Lane” functions just fine as a standalone genre title. But as a spiritual sequel to the original, it builds out the so-called “Cloververse” far better than could be expected from even the most straightforward of tales.
“10 Cloverfield Lane” opens in wide release on Friday, March 11.


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The Trauma/Destructive Subculture Division handles all aspects in terms of children, youths and families. Lives are rebuilt via counselling, life coaching and social welfare services in cases of …..
- 666 Gang Members
- Destructive Sub-Culture Involved Persons or Persons exposed to
The mentioned is handled via packaged programmes and activities such as ….
- Prevention/Advocacy talks
- Training of professionals, parents and youth workers
- Seminars on Destructive Subcultures and/or 666 gangs
- Children’s evaluation via play therapy
- Life Skills Camps for Youth
- Holistic assistance of the Involved or Exposed
Councelling takes place in a controlled environment at Auksano’s premises but many of the services are taken to the communities. Talks and training are at schools, the UFS, the Department of Education, churches, community halls and various other. Each case is handled holistically and for the individual include mind, body and soul but as this individual forms part of a greater group i.e. the family and the community, both of these aspects must be assisted to complete the process.


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Have used this B&B before due to convenience in the locality. Very comfortable night, comfy bed in well appointed room and a good shower. Lovely breakfast, with attentive host - can recommend and would definitely book again
Just enjoyed a lovely stay at the Drovers. The hosts were lovely, really friendly and kind. Beds were so comfortable! My room mate used all the hot water for the shower though, a heads up about the water tank would have been nice. Breakfast was...更多
We stayed for 2 nights in this beautiful town house bed and breakfast. We were welcomed by Mike and Jill, who made us a cup of tea and homemade cake, (gorgeous!)
The attention to detail was second to none. My partner has travelled the world...更多
This was a very lucky find. I've stayed here quite a few times with a variety of friends and relations, all of whom have been surprised and delighted with the very high standards together with a relaxed and particularly welcoming atmosphere. After many years of...更多
Well, what a wonderful find!!
Very last minute decision to stay in Llandovery for the evening and we will definitely be staying here again.
Lovely bedrooms with everything you need and Mike and Jill were so welcoming and chatty. The breakfast menu is amazing with...更多
來自 The Drovers Bed and BreakfastOwner jillblud 的回應
Thank you for your excellent review, I 'm glad that we made your stay comfortable and relaxing

domain: travel


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Bee Pollen Write for Us
Bee pollen is a nutrient-rich natural substance collected by honeybees and has a long history of use in traditional medicine. At the same time, it offers various potential health benefits. Honeybees collect bee pollen as they forage for nectar from flowers. As bees gather nectar, they also collect pollen on their bodies.
The collected pollen is then returned to the beehive, which is packed into granules. These granules consist of pollen mixed with nectar and bee saliva. Bee pollen is highly nutritious, containing many vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and beneficial compounds.
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- Antioxidants: It is rich in antioxidants like flavonoids and polyphenols and protect cells from oxidative stress.
- Carbohydrates: Bee pollen contains carbohydrates, including natural sugars and dietary fiber.
Potential Health Benefits of Bee Pollen
Bee pollen has been attributed to several potential health benefits, although scientific research is ongoing in many areas. Some of the potential benefits include:
- Nutrient Boost: Bee pollen can provide a concentrated source of essential nutrients, which may complement a balanced diet.
- Allergy Relief: Some people believe that consuming local bee pollen can help reduce allergy symptoms by desensitizing the body to local pollen allergens. However, more research is needed in this area.
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domain: medical


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WASHINGTON—Federal regulators are investigating Elon Musk’s late disclosure last month of his sizable stake in Twitter Inc., according to people familiar with the matter, a lag that allowed him to buy more stock without alerting other shareholders to his ownership.
The Securities and Exchange Commission is probing Mr. Musk’s tardy submission of a public form that investors must file when they buy more than 5% of a company’s shares, the people said. The disclosure functions as an early sign to shareholders and companies that a significant investor could seek to control or influence a company.
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domain: economics


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Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick (R-Texas) is pressing forward with a new bill that would protect the religious rights of Texans when threatened by LGBTQ activists seeking privileges in the name of “civil rights,” inclusion, and so-called “nondiscrimination.”
If passed, the SB-17 legislation promoted by the Republican lieutenant governor as championing “life, liberty and conservative Texas values,” would allow Christians and Texans of other faiths to conduct their business and careers without compromising their religious beliefs.
“The bill would allow state license holders like lawyers, health care professionals and counselors to serve clients based on their religious beliefs without any adverse actions from licensing boards,” CBN News reported.
Prioritizing Texas values
Patrick declared the faith-safeguarding bill as one of his highest priorities in Texas’ 2019 Legislative Session, along with legislation that would apportion $800 million to border security, give teachers pay raises and add protections for taxpayers.
“The … bills are not only my priorities, they are also priorities of the majority of the Texas Senate and the conservative majority of Texas,” Patrick proclaimed in a statement on the government website. “They strengthen our support for life, liberty and Texas values, increase protections for taxpayers, and ensure that our democracy remains strong and our economy will continue to grow and create jobs.”
The proposed legislation protects Christians and those adhering to other faiths in a number of ways so that LGBTQ activists cannot undermine their ability to live out their faith in the workplace.
“[A] state agency that issues a license or otherwise regulates a business, occupation or profession may not adopt any rule, regulation or policy or impose a penalty that: (1) limits an applicant's ability to obtain, maintain or renew a license based on a sincerely held religious belief of the applicant; or (2) burdens an applicant's or a license holder's: (A) free exercise of religion, regardless of whether the burden is the result of a rule generally applicable to all applicants or license holders; (B) freedom of speech regarding a sincerely held religious belief; or (C) membership in any religious organization," the section on religious freedom for SB-17 states.
With the Republican Party having control of the Lone Star State’s House, Senate and governorship, conservatives statewide are confident that the pro-religious freedom bill will pass, yet leftist pro-LGBTQ groups are planning to fiercely oppose the legislation in the upcoming hearing, claiming that the bill is “discriminatory.”
“The panelists spoke about the religious exemption bills currently filed at the Texas capitol and how this legislation could harm countless Texans by allowing medical and mental health providers to discriminate based on a religious belief,” the Texas Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) announced in its news briefing.
The leftist group pushing for LGBTQ privileges and abortion rights argues that the conservative bills backed by Patrick will deny certain services to women and those practicing homosexual behavior.
“These bills run counter to the NASW Code of Ethics for all professionals and will deny services to already marginalized persons in the LGBTQ community or women seeking access to reproductive care and services,” NAWS contended. “The advocates called upon all Texans to oppose this discriminatory legislation and explained why providers must speak out against attempts to circumvent the principles of their professions.”
Religious freedoms need protection now more than ever
With the Democratic Party now controlling the United States House of Representatives and unleashing new threats to religious freedom nationwide to promote the LGBTQ agenda, Texas’ proposed SB-17 comes at a very critical time.
“This month, Democrats introduced an updated version of their Equality Act that elevates protections for sexual orientation over protections for religious liberty,” CBN News’ Christian Ellis noted. “The bill could threaten ministries with legal consequences if they denied an LGBTQ individual from working for their institution.”
Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) Senior Counsel Greg Baylor argues that privileges for a select group should not usurp the constitutional rights of Christians to live according to their faith in the workplace.
"Every American should be treated with dignity and respect, but our laws need to protect the constitutionally guaranteed rights that we have," Baylor told CBN News. "Now – under the Equality Act – we will have a nationwide law, [as] we will see a proliferation of instances where Christians and others are being coerced to violate their beliefs in order to comply with such a law."
Because the blue party only controls the House, it is doubtful that its pro-LGBTQ legislation will move forward and be enforced anytime soon.
“While Democrats are indicating the Equality Act is a big part of their agenda, they do not currently control the U.S. Senate, so the measure is not expected to pass – unless they gain control of both houses of Congress in the 2020 election,” Ellis pointed out.


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Barkbox has a new deal for new subscribers to both their regular boxes and their Super Chewer boxes--matching robes!
So, should you sign up for Barkbox or Super Chewer?
Barkbox and Super Chewer both offer two toys, two bags of treats and two sturdy chews per month. However, Superchewer is made for " super chewers." If you have a larger breed or your dog has gnawed up furniture or chews up hard toys in seconds, that subscription might be better for you.
How Long Will This Deal Last: For a limited time.
The Cost: $35/month (Barkbox) or $45/month (Super Chewer), save with longer subscriptions
The Products: They include 2 toys, 2 treat bags, and 2 chews curated from a unique theme every month.
Are you going to sign up your pup for a Barkbox or Super Chewer subscription?

domain: pet


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A Pentagon press conference seems to have sparked some confusion around the status of joint military exercises between the U.S. and South Korea.
The U.S. suspended big military drills with South Korea in June after President Trump's summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.
Then on Tuesday, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said the U.S. isn't planning on suspending any more.
"We suspended several exercises at the direction of the president. The good-faith effort was made. We have had — we have done no planning for suspending others," Mattis said.
The diplomatic progress between the U.S. and North Korea appears to have slowed down recently, and many thought Mattis' comments alluded to the return of large-scale exercises on the Korean peninsula.
But Wednesday afternoon, the president put out a statement contradicting that conclusion, writing, "There is no reason at this time to be spending large amounts of money on joint U.S.-South Korea war games."
However, President Trump also said he can restart exercises "instantly" and they would be "far bigger than ever before."

domain: news


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Outdoor Opulence: Frameless Glass Balustrades Beyond Boundaries
Frameless glass staircase balustrades are the epitome of modern design, offering a clean, minimalist look that seamlessly complements various interior styles. At Clearly Frameless, we understand the importance of marrying aesthetics with functionality. All our glass balustrades are custom-made to your exact specifications, and we make sure that safety and compliance regulations are strictly adhered to.
Explore The Epitome of Modern Design With Our Frameless Glass Staircase
At Clearly Frameless, we redefine staircases with our exquisite frameless glass staircase balustrades. Offering a clean and minimalist look, our stair balustrades in Melbourne enhance the aesthetics and safety of staircases in residential and commercial spaces. Complementing various interior design styles, Clearly Frameless brings you a fusion of elegance and functionality whilst remaining compliant to all Australian Standards.
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Infuse your space with our frameless glass balustrades and indulge in the ultimate fusion of aesthetics and functionality.
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This image is a general representation of the item and the actual product may differ slightly in terms of color shading, logo placement, borders, or other small details. Used items may have various cosmetic differences as well.
Black vinyl that may show a slight amount of dust or dirt.
Should still be very shiny under a light, even with slight amount of dust on surface.
One or two small marks that would make an otherwise near perfect record slightly less so.
These marks cannot be too deep, and should only be surface marks that won't affect play,
but might detract from the looks.
May have some flaws and discoloration in the vinyl, but only those that would be
intrinsic to the pressing. These should disappear when the record is tilted under
the light, and will only show up when looking straight at the record.
(Buddah and ABC pressings from the 70's are a good example of this.)
May have some slight marks from aging of the paper sleeve on the vinyl.
Possible minor surface noise when played.
Additional Marks & Notes
If something is noteworthy, we try to note it in the comments — especially
if it is an oddity that is the only wrong thing about the record.
This might include, but isn't limited to, warped records, tracks that skip,
cover damage or wear as noted above, or strictly cosmetic flaws.
An important set that documents a nice patch of King's early vocalese jazz sides – pivotal vocal jazz recordings that were not only enormously popular with listeners around the country, but which also did a heck of a lot in the way of advancing the way that male singers handled lead vocals on ... LP, Vinyl record album
A classic set from singer Gloria Lynne – mature vocals that bridge the worlds of soul and jazz – all set to some beautiful modern arrangements by Melba Liston! The set's got a depth that goes a bit past some of Gloria's other records from the time – less of the pop-styled ... LP, Vinyl record album
Includes material from sessions in 1956, 1957, and 1958, featuring Lester Young, Coleman Hawkins, Charles Mingus, Ben Webster, Roy Eldridge, Gerry Mulligan, Mal Waldron, and others. LP, Vinyl record album
Great UK beat group grooves from the late 60's – featuring the amazing voice of Julie Driscoll and the hard Hammond organ sounds of Brian Auger! Auger's working here with his Trinity group – the small combo that had a firey Jimmy McGriff-like quality – as you'll hear on their ... LP, Vinyl record album
Titles include "As You Desire Me", "These Things I Offer You", "Tonight I Shall Sleep", "While You Are Gone", "I'll Know", "Nice Work If You Can Get It", "Linger Awhile", "If Someone Had Told Me", "Give Me A Song ... LP, Vinyl record album
An overlooked Hal Willner project – similar to his tributes to Thelonious Monk and Charles Mingus! The set's based around the songs of Kurt Weil – with interesting performances by folks who include Van Dyke Parks, Todd Rundgren, Lou Reed, Tom Waits, Carla Bley, and John Zorn. LP, Vinyl record album
A killer album by Jimmy – and certainly one of his best later records! The album includes the amazing track "Russian Lullaby", done in a totally swinging jazz version with Ray Bryant, Buddy Tate, and Sir Charles Thompson on organ. The track's incredible, and still sends shivers ... LP, Vinyl record album
One of the more obscure 60s albums cut by jazz vocalist Irene Kral – and a great little record that shows her to be more of a singer than we expected! Some of the tunes on the set have the straight vocals with band feel of Irene's other albums, but a few more go for a groovier sort of 60s ... LP, Vinyl record album
Although the world always remembers Johnny Hartman best for his Impulse recordings with Coltrane, we've always dug some of his earlier stuff – like this album – because the sound's a bit rawer, and the style's got more of a kick! The magical Hartman voice is presented in two great ... LP, Vinyl record album


Public variables are variables that appear in all classes. Private variables are variables that appear only in the class to which they belong. Protected variables are variables that are visible only to the class and subclasses to which they belong.
What is difference between public and protected?
The difference between public and protected is that public can be accessed by classes external to the public, but protected cannot be accessed by external classes.
What is the difference between public and protected variable in Python?
Variables with public access modifiers can be accessed anywhere inside or outside the class. Private variables can only be accessed within a class, while protected variables can be accessed within the same package.
What is a protected variable?
Protected variables are data members of a class that can be accessed within the class, and classes derived from that class. In Python, there are no “public” instance variables. However, the Underscore ‘_’ symbol is used to determine access control for data members within a class.
What is the difference between public and protected member?
Public data members and member functions can be accessed by other classes. The difference between public and protected.
|All publicly declared class members are available to everyone.||Protected Access Modifier is similar to the modifier for Private Access Modifier.|
What is the difference between public/private and protected?
Roughly speaking, public means accessible to everyone, private means accessible only to members of the same class, and members of protected subclasses are also allowed.
What are protected variables in Java?
Protected Access Modifier – Protected Variables, methods, and constructors declared as protected in a superclass can only be accessed by subclasses of other packages or any class in a package of protected member classes. Protected access modifiers cannot be applied to classes and interfaces.
What is public/private and protected in OOP?
There are three access modifiers Public – access to a property or method from anywhere. This is the default. Protected – The property or method can be accessed within the class and in classes derived from that class. Private – The property or method is accessible only within the class.
What is the difference between public and private variables in Java?
Public means that the private is only accessible within its own class, but can be accessed anywhere. Just note that not all private, protected, or public modifiers apply to local variables in Java. Local variables are final only in Java.
What is public variable in Java?
Visibility is similar to instance variables. However, most static variables are public because they must be available to users of the class. Default values are the same as for instance variables. For numeric values, the default value is 0. For Booleans, that is incorrect. Also, for object references, it is null.
What is public variables in Visual Basic?
A “public variable” in VBA is, as the name suggests, a variable that is declared to be exposed to all macros written in the same and even different modules. Thus, if a variable is declared at the start of a macro, it is called a “public variable” or “global variable.
What is protected variable in C++?
A protected member variable or function is very similar to a private member, but with one additional advantage: it can be accessed in a child class, called a derived class. You will learn about derived classes and inheritance in the next chapter.
What is public and protected in Java?
Protected members can be accessed from child classes of the same package. Package members are accessible from child classes of the same package. Public members are accessible from non-child classes of the same package. Private members cannot be accessed from non-child classes of the same package.
What is the difference between private and public functions?
So what is the difference between a public and a private feature? A private function can only be used within its parent function or module. Public functions can be used inside or outside. However, a public function can call a private function inside of it, as they generally share the same scope.
What are private variables used for?
Creating a variable private “protects” the value when the code is executed. At this level, there is no interest in protecting it from other programmers who modify the code itself. The point of so-called “data hiding” is to keep internal data hidden from other classes that use the class.
What is the difference between protected and private in Java?
Private modifiers specify that members can only be accessed by their own class. A protected modifier specifies that the member can only be accessed within its own package (similar to package private), and further specifies that it can be accessed by a subclass of a class in another package.
Why we use protected in Java?
Protecting the constructor prevents users from creating instances of the class outside of the package. During override, if a variable or method is protected, it can be overridden in other subclasses using only public or protected modifiers. Outer classes and interfaces cannot be protected.
What is difference between protected and default?
Protected access specifications can appear in the same package and in subclasses, but the default is a package-level access specification, which can appear in the same package.
Can protected variables be inherited in Java?
Protected Access Modifier can be accessed within a package. However, it can be accessed outside of a package only by inheritance.
What is protected keyword?
The Protected keyword is a member access modifier. This page covers Protected Access. Protected keywords are also part of the protected internal and private protected access modifiers. Protected members are accessible by in-class and derived class instances.
What is the difference between constructor and method?
Constructors are used to create and initialize objects. Methods are used to execute specific statements. Constructors are invoked implicitly by the system. Methods are invoked during program code.
What is the difference between public and private class attributes?
Public members can be accessed from within the program from anywhere outside the class. You can set and retrieve the value of a public variable without a member. Private member variables or functions cannot be accessed or accessed from outside the class.
How do you declare a public variable in Java?
Declares a method as global. Mark a method as public static while declaring it. Note: x is either the name of the method or the name of the variable, according to the requirements, and the class name is the name of the class that declared them.
What is the difference between a variable and a constant in Visual Basic?
The difference between a variable and a constant is that the value stored in a variable can be changed at any time after it is created. As the name suggests, values assigned to constants cannot be changed once they are declared initialized.
Why protected is used in C++?
The protected keyword specifies access to class members in the member list until the next access specification (public or private) or the end of the class definition. Class members declared as protected may only be used in member functions of the class that initially declared these members.
What is public/private and protected inheritance in C++?
C ++ Public, Protected, and Private Inheritance Protected inheritance makes the public and protected members of the base class private in the derived class. Private inheritance makes the public and protected members of the base class private in the derived class.
What is a protected method?
Protected methods are similar to private methods in that they can only be invoked from within the implementation of the class or its subclasses. They differ from private methods in that they can be called explicitly by any instance of the class and are not restricted to implicit invocation by self.
What are protected functions?
(3) The term “federally protected function” means a function, operation, or action performed by a U.S. department, agency, or instrumentality, or an officer or employee thereof, under the laws of the United States. Such term specifically includes, but is not limited to, the collection …
Can public methods access private variables?
Answer 51c025e6282ae349350092d1 However, once the object is created, private variables can only be accessed via the constructor’s public methods and cannot be modified directly.
Why should attributes be private?
Use private to encapsulate access to object variables that maintain control over object status. Do not allow external objects to change the status of objects they do not know.
Can we declare a class as protected?
No, top-level classes cannot be declared as private or protected. Either public or default (no qualifier). If there is no qualifier, there must be default access rights.
What is the difference between public and private inheritance?
A public member can be accessed from anywhere outside the class, but from within the program. You can set and retrieve the value of a public variable without a member. Private member variables or functions cannot be accessed or viewed from outside the class. Only class functions and friend functions can access private members.
Where protected keyword is used?
The protected keyword is an access modifier used for attributes, methods, and constructors to allow access in the same package and subclass.
Can a constructor be protected in Java?
Access specifiers/modifiers allowed in the constructor The public, protected, and private modifiers can be used in the constructor. Private constructors can be used in Java when creating singleton classes. The purpose of a singleton is to control the creation of objects and limit the number of objects to only one.
What are Modifiers public private and protected explain it with examples?
Example of protected access modifier Class A of the packed package is public and can be accessed from outside the package. However, the msg method of this package is declared protected and can only be accessed from outside the class by inheritance.
What is the difference between public and protected access modifiers?
Protected access modifiers allow access to data members from a class, package, subclass (in the same package), or subclass (in a different package). The difference between public and protected is that public is accessible from outside the class, while protected is not.
What is the difference between private and protected?
Private ones are visible only within the class itself. Protected is visible in the class itself and in subclasses.
Can we override static method?
No, you cannot override static methods because method overrides are based on dynamic bindings at runtime and static methods are bound at compile time using static bindings. Therefore, static methods cannot be overridden. Method invocation depends on the type of object calling the static method.
Is protected methods are final?
1) Private methods are final. 2) Protected members are accessible within the package and within inherited classes outside the package. 3) Protected methods are final.
What is a protected variable in Java?
In Java, protected means that the member can be accessed by any class in the same package, even if the subclass is in a different package. Note Protected variables are not visible outside of the package. For example, B extends A, and A has a protected int x. The protected int x is not visible outside of the package. It can be used within class B.
Can I call protected method?
If a class is not final, you can use an anonymous class to call its protected method: new ClassWithProtectedMethod() >.
What does public mean in Java?
The public keyword is an access modifier used for classes, attributes, methods, and constructors to make them accessible to other classes.
What is super () in Java?
super() Java’s super keyword is a reference variable used to refer to a parent class object. Java’s super() is a reference variable used to refer to the constructor of the parent class. super can be used to invoke variables and methods of the parent class. super() can be used to call only the constructor of the parent class.


text:
SMOKEY ROBINSON – RONALD MCDONALD HOUSE HOLIDAY CONCERT
December 7 @ 7:00 pm - 9:30 pm$99.00 - $149.00
This concert is a benefit for the Ronald McDonald House Of Buffalo.
William “Smokey” Robinson, Jr. acclaimed singer-songwriting career spans over four decades. He has received numerous awards, including the Grammy Living Legend Award, NARAS Lifetime Achievement Award, an Honorary Doctorate from Howard University and Boston’s Breklee College of Music, the National Medal of Arts Award from the President of the United States, and the 2006 Kennedy Center Honors. Additionally he has received an individual star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and a second star with The Miracles, a Heritage Award at the Soul Train Music Awards, a BET Lifetime Achievement Award and has been inducted into the Rock ‘n’ Roll Hall of Fame as well as the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, Robinson founded The Miracles while still in high school. The group was Berry Gordy/Motown’s first vocal group and Robinson’s first single “Shop Around” became Motown’s first No.1 hit on the R&B singles chart. In the years following, Robinson continued to pen hits for the group including “You’ve Really Got a Hold on Me,” “Ooo Baby Baby,” “The Tracks of My Tears,” “Going to a Go-Go,” “More Love,” “Tears of a Clown” (co-written with Stevie Wonder), and “I Second That Emotion.”
The Miracles dominated the R&B scene throughout the 1960s and early 70s and Robinson became Vice President of Motown Records, serving as in-house producer, talent scout and songwriter. In addition to writing hits for the Miracles, Robinson wrote and produced hits for other Motown greats including The Temptations, Mary Wells, Brenda Holloway, Marvin Gaye and others. He later turned to a solo career, where he continued his tradition of hit-making with “Just to See Her,” “Quiet Storm,” “Cruisin’,” and “Being with You,” among others.
Following his tenure at Motown, he continued his impressive touring career and released several successful solo albums. In 2004, he produced a spiritual album, Food for the Spirit, and launched a line of soul food entrees. Smokey Robinson Foods’ “The Soul is in the Bowl” products can be found in major supermarkets across the country. In 2006 he released Timeless Love, an album of standards, and he continues to set the bar by which others are judged, as evidenced by his 2009 recording Time Flies When You’re Having Fun. Smokey Robinson thrills sold-out audiences around the world with his high tenor voice, impeccable timing and profound sense of lyric. Never resting on his laurels, Smokey Robinson remains a beloved icon in our musical heritage.

domain: entertainment


text:
Recently, I scheduled a playdate for my 6-year-old with a good friend she hadn’t seen in months because of the pandemic. She was so excited — until, suddenly, she wasn’t. As the day approached, my daughter grew more and more irritable. The day before, she demanded that we bake cookies and make signs for her friend. When I told her we couldn’t, she exploded in an angry meltdown.
After she calmed down, I sat down with her to try to figure out what was going on. She tearfully admitted that she was terrified: She worried that her friend wouldn’t like her anymore, which is why she was trying engineer the perfect playdate — to ensure that she could win her friend back after months of being out of touch.
If you, as a parent, have been experiencing anxiety about the “return to normal,” your kids are likely to be harboring similar feelings, perhaps even to a greater degree. “We’ve gone from pause to fast-forward,” says Rebecca Schrag Hershberg, a clinical psychologist who specializes in early-childhood social emotional development and mental health. “It’s just really overstimulating. For all of us, and certainly kids.”
On the one hand, these struggles can seem counterintuitive. Isn’t this exactly what we’ve been waiting for — for things to get back to the way they were? For our kids to once again enjoy birthday parties, camp and visits with extended family? Absolutely — but we also need to remember that big transitions can be hard for children. Going from hardly seeing anyone and not doing anything, to seeing everyone and doing everything, can be confusing and overwhelming.
It’s been more than a year since we led “normal” lives, which is a very, very long time for kids — especially toddlers and preschoolers. They may not remember what things were like before, so the return to normal may actually feel like a departure from normal — the changes may feel jarring instead of reassuring. Compared with who they were before the pandemic, little children right now “are facing the world as completely different people,” Hershberg says.
Some may also be struggling because they don’t understand why the activities they were told were unsafe during the pandemic are suddenly safe again, so it can be helpful to explain why. You can tell them, for instance, that there are scientists and doctors in charge who conduct research to figure out what’s safe, and that you listen to them and do what they advise. The very idea that there are people in charge of these big issues can be reassuring for kids, Hershberg says, and can help them understand that you have good reasons for changing your behavior.
Children are also still processing the challenges and traumas of the past year, which means that they are navigating situations with a higher level of baseline stress. “There’s just less of a buffer between them and feeling overwhelmed,” explains Tamar Chansky, a psychologist who specializes in childhood anxiety. A few weeks ago, when I took my kids to the dentist for the first time in 18 months, they were much more nervous than usual. We even had to opt out of X-rays for my daughter, because she took one look at the machine and started screaming.
These kinds of reactions may seem like overreactions, but remember that children aren’t as adept as adults at managing their feelings. “Their brains are not fully developed, they don’t have as many problem-solving skills as we do, and they don’t have the coping skills we do when feeling emotionally overwhelmed,” says child and adolescent psychologist Emily W. King.
So when kids feel anxious, they may not be able to put their feelings into words — but they might display telltale behaviors. They can be irritable or clingy and have meltdowns over seemingly tiny things. They might have trouble sleeping or have nightmares. They may struggle with everyday choices, Hershberg says, like deciding what to wear or what to eat for breakfast. They may also regress, or start doing things that they used to do that you thought they had grown out of. This week, for instance, my daughter picked out a bunch of old board books for me to read to her at bedtime, books that we hadn’t read for years.
What should you do when your kids act this way? First and foremost, remember that these reactions are normal, and try your best to show empathy and patience, Chansky says. Say something like “This is really hard,” or “This is feeling like a lot, isn’t it?” Let them know it’s okay for them to feel whatever they’re feeling. Don’t be like the dad at the water park I overheard the other day who yelled at his crying kid, saying, “What are you scared of? Don’t act like a baby.” These kinds of admonitions don’t actually make kids less fearful; they just ensure that kids feel bad about themselves and are less likely to come to you for help in the future. If anything, you want to engage with kids about their fears — ask them if they have specific concerns, or if they need anything from you to feel more comfortable, Chansky says.
Try not to focus on the nitty-gritty details of your kids’ meltdowns, too, Hershberg adds. If your kid has a tantrum because he claims he suddenly hates all his pajamas, keep in mind that his feelings probably aren’t really rooted in pajama woes. “It’s helpful to just kind of pan out and look at the big picture,” she says: Chances are, the pajamas were just an excuse to let out feelings that he’s been harboring about other things.
When it comes to summer activities and sports, you may also want to confer with your kids before signing them up. “If they say they don’t want to join an activity yet, or at all, listen to them. This is not the time to push them into new things or back into what we were doing before,” King says. “It’s not just about their interest level in an activity — it’s whether they feel they have the physical, social and emotional stamina to start a new thing. It’s also about feeling in control of the speed with which they enter the world again.”
If your child is especially worried about a particular event or activity — at his recent dental visit, my 10-year-old son found out he had a cavity, and he has been very concerned about what it will feel like to get it filled — reassure your kids that no matter what, they’ll get through it. You can even address the worst-case scenario by saying something like: “Okay, so let’s say your playdate, or the dentist visit, doesn’t go well — you’ll still make it through. We’ll still have pizza for dinner, and we’ll still read bedtime stories together.” You want your kids to recognize that they have the strength and support from you to endure whatever life throws at them — even if it feels new, scary or challenging.
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domain: psychology