The details of a forensic audit report into the Confederation of African Football has opened fresh concerns over financial irregularities in the governance of the game across the continent.
This, after FIFA recently declared that its clean-up mission at CAF was complete. In September, PwC was selected to support the substantial reform process for CAF being overseen by FIFA.
The Associated Press news agency is one of the outlets to have gained access to the report, stating that it details “possible abuse of power” and “potential fraudulent adjustments” in accounting records that are “unreliable and not trustworthy”.
The PwC report assesses the period spanning 2015 to 2019, a time during which long-running CAF President Issa Hayatou was ousted by current incumbent Ahmad Ahmad.
According to AP, the joint CAF/FIFA Reform taskforce has urged due diligence checks on payments from FIFA and CAF to the 54 member associations on the continent.
PwC found $4.6m from 14 payments had “no or insufficient supporting documentation to determine the beneficiary, purpose, and benefit for CAF”. The report said the purpose of the payment, ultimate beneficiary or evidence the cash had been received could not be determined in some cases.
A further $3.6m amounting to 21 payments was “considered unusual or deemed higher risk”, with only five payments of $1.6m in total deemed to have had “sufficient documentation” and been used for the purpose intended.
The PwC report read: “Based upon the procedures performed and documents reviewed, several red flags, potential elements of mismanagement and possible abuse of power were found in key areas of finance and operations of CAF. Given the serious nature of certain findings and red flags identified from the preliminary due-diligence, we cannot rule out the possibility of potential irregularities.”
The Reform Taskforce is also said to have recommended that payments be investigated relating to the now-terminated agreement between CAF and the Lagardère Sports agency. In December, the International Chamber of Commerce rejected Lagardère Sports’ application for interim emergency measures in the agency’s dispute with CAF over the cancellation of their 12-year global media and sponsorship rights contract.
In its report, PwC also flagged up its concern over a large number of cash payments which had “little or no audit trail to verify if the cash has been spent legitimately or not”.
Responding to the reports, CAF said its ExCo will meet this week to “validate” the 2020-21 roadmap, including recommendations made by the CAF/FIFA Reform taskforce.


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Moscow-- Severe wildfires in the Siberian region of Krasnoyarsk have caused seven deaths and injured 19 people as of Sunday, the dpa reported.
Six of those injured are firefighters, the Krasnoyarsk administration told TASS news agency.
Three people, including two children, were killed in the village of Talashanka, some 200 kilometres north of the city of Krasnoyarsk. Two more deaths were in the village of Nikolsk, some 300 kilometres west of Krasnoyarsk. Two further people were killed on Saturday in a fire in the city of Atshinsk west of Krasnoyarsk.
The region has called a state of emergency due to the fires. Efforts to extinguish them have been made difficult by strong winds with gusts of up to 40 metres per second. Authorities say all fires have now been contained. There were 273 fires in the area and more than 500 houses destroyed.
Source: Saudi Press Agency

domain: news


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Thanks for visiting my website, the place to discover everything about me, my books and more. I’m a rural romance and romantic adventure author, seriously untidy cook, mad keen but sadly untalented golfer, and Australian Rules Football lover. Most of all, I want to take your heart on an adventure. So look around, sign up to my newsletter, explore the blog, and have fun.
Wow, this year is zipping by and with it brings news that we’ve finally decided on a title for my next full-length release: THE COUNTRY GIRL.
The Country Girl is already being described as my best book yet, which is very exciting, and I look forward to sharing more about the story and characters over coming months. Release is scheduled for January but books will start appearing in-store in late December.
In other book and writing news, Rocking Horse Hill will soon be available globally in ebook and print. Check out its gorgeous new cover here. Now that edits are done I’ll be able to knuckle down to finishing Chrissy and the Burroughs Boy, the sequel to Santa and the Saddler. I can’t wait. This novella is a hoot.
Worried you’ll miss news about The Country Girl or any of my other releases? Never fear! Keep informed about all my books and gain access to exclusive goodies like chapter previews and giveaways by joining my newsletter. You’ll also receive bonus links to a couple of free short stories to enjoy over a cuppa.
The blog is rollicking along with plenty of giveaways thanks to Teaser Tuesday, photo essays of my adventures and monthly reading round-up on My Favourite Reads. If you want to catch me in person, watch out for my library talk in Dural in May and the NSW Rural Women’s Gathering at Narrandera in October. Final details on those coming very soon.
Until next time, happy reading!
- Join me, Lisa Chaplin, Isolde Martina and Elizabeth Lhuede for Writers at Dural, May 4th, 10-30am, Dural Library, Pellitt Lane, Dural, NSW.
"Come along to our author panel series, hear about the writing process and the inspiration behind their stories. Benefit from their experience as you learn tips to develop your own creative writing."
- WAYWARD HEART wins favourite cover at the Australian Romance Reader Awards!

domain: artistic


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LAHORE – The Defense Housing Authority (DHA) has changed the burial policy but have failed to live up to the DHA members’ demands, Pakistan Today has learnt. Sources in DHA said the members had a ‘long-standing’ demand with the DHA to allow the burial of the son-in-law, daughter-in-law, grandkids and grandparents.
Members voiced that such people were also family members and graves must be provided to them as well, sources added. However, DHA did not live up to the aspirations of the residents and amended the policy, only allowing the burial of mother-in-law, father-in-law, divorced son and daughters of the DHA members, Mrs Shahida, Phase III resident, complained.
DHA Resident Association President Rohail Ikram told Pakistan Today that according to the previous burial policy (graveyard policy), only members, their parents, sons and daughters were allowed to be buried in DHA graveyard. Making the policy more compatible, he said, DHA approved some amendments in the meeting of the governing body but the changes were not in line with the demands submitted by the DHA residents.
He said that DHA Resident Association also spoke against the irrational amendments and urged upon the DHA administration to rationalize the burial policy. Rohail vowed to take up the issue in coming meeting with DHA administration and called upon the high-ups to review the new policy.
NEW BURIAL POLICY: According to the new burial policy, sources said, the members will have to inform the complaint office of the death, provide photocopy of the allotment letter and the CNIC, for verification through the security branch, and on verification, a receipt will be issued for a grave digger and other all allied facilities i.e. ambulance, stretcher, sheets, charpoy etc. All these facilities will be provided to the members free-of-cost.
For the burial certificate, the members should apply on plain paper to additional director maintenance, who after checking the record, kept by the Maintenance Branch, will issue the certificate on the next day from the date of applying.
According to the policy, to obtain the permission to cement the grave, the concerned member will apply to the additional director maintenance, seeking permission through an application accompanied with a CNIC copy. Maintenance Branch, after verification, will grant permission letter, which has to be handed over to the grave digger, who in compliance with the policy, will cement the grave.
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Delhi-NCR air in severe category, temperatures to dip in northwest India
Cold wave or 'severe’ cold wave conditions are also very likely over Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and east Madhya Pradesh during the next two days
Air quality remains in 'severe' category in many parts of Delhi NCR on Saturday. Delhi's air quality index this morning is 441, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Greater Noida and Noida also recorded 'severe' air quality which negatively impacts even the healthy.
This is mainly due to low wind speed not allowing dispersal of pollutants in the air. Due to dry north/north westerly winds, minimum temperatures are likely to fall by 2-4 degree Celsius over most parts of northwest India during the next two days, according to the India Meteorological Department.
Dense to very dense fog at isolated pockets are very likely over Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, north Rajasthan, sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Sikkim and Bihar during the next 3 days.
Cold wave or 'severe’ cold wave conditions are also very likely over Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and east Madhya Pradesh during the next two days. Cold day conditions at isolated pockets are also very likely over Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar during the next two-three days, as per the weather department.
According to IMD, a cold day or a severe cold day is classified as such based on two parameters—a minimum temperature of under 10 degrees C and maximum temperature of 4.5 degree C or 6.4 degree C below normal, respectively.
A cold wave occurs in the plains when the minimum temperature is 10 degrees Celsius or below and/or is 4.5 notches lower than the season’s normal for two consecutive days. A cold wave is also declared when the minimum temperature is less than 4 degree C in the plains.
A cyclonic circulation is lying over southwest Bay of Bengal off Tamil Nadu coast in mid tropospheric levels and a trough runs over central parts of south Arabian Sea and adjoining equatorial Indian Ocean to the Comorin area.
The condition is likely to result in scattered to fairly widespread rainfall with moderate thunderstorm and lightning over Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Karaikal, Kerala, Mahe and Lakshadweep area during the next two days and a reduction in rainfall activities thereafter, as per IMD bulletin.
Conditions are becoming favourable for the cessation of northeast monsoon rains over Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Karaikal, Kerala and Mahe and adjoining areas of coastal Andhra Pradesh and Yanam, Rayalaseema and interiors of south Karnataka around January 19, IMD's Friday bulletin said.

domain: geography


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Gene Therapy Update 1: First Clinical Trial for a Form of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) Approved to Begin
Usher syndrome is the most common form of deaf-blindness which affects approximately 30,000-50,000 patients in the U.S. and Europe. One of the most common subtypes is Usher syndrome type 1B. The disease is caused by a mutation of the gene encoding myosin VIIA (MY07A).
The open label, dose escalation Phase I/IIa study will enrol up to 18 patients with Usher syndrome type 1B at the Oregon Health and Science University's Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon. The study, led by Professor Richard Weleber, will evaluate three dose levels for safety, tolerability and aspects of biological activity and is expected to be initiated by the end of 2011.
Here is the complete news release from Oxford BioMedica:
Oxford BioMedica Announces US IND Approval for Novel Ocular Product in Usher Syndrome Type 1B
Oxford BioMedica plc announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved its Investigational New Drug (IND) application for the Phase I/IIa clinical development of UshStat, a novel gene-based treatment for Usher syndrome type 1B. UshStat was designed and developed by Oxford BioMedica using the company’s proprietary LentiVector platform technology and is the third program to enter clinical development under the Phase I/II ocular collaboration agreement signed with Sanofi in April 2009.
The approval of the IND follows the decision by the US Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) to approve the UshStat Phase I/IIa protocol in May 2011. The open label, dose escalation Phase I/IIa study will enrol up to 18 patients with Usher syndrome type 1B at the Oregon Health and Science University's Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon. The study, led by Professor Richard Weleber, will evaluate three dose levels for safety, tolerability and aspects of biological activity and is expected to be initiated by the end of 2011.
Usher syndrome is the most common form of deaf-blindness which affects approximately 30,000-50,000 patients in the US and Europe. One of the most common subtypes is Usher syndrome type 1B. The disease is caused by a mutation of the gene encoding myosin VIIA (MY07A), which leads to progressive retinitis pigmentosa combined with a congenital hearing defect. UshStat uses the company’s LentiVector platform technology to deliver a corrected version of the MYO7A gene to address the vision loss associated with the disease. On the basis of pre-clinical data, it is anticipated that a single application of UshStat to the retina could provide long-term or potentially permanent stabilization of vision. There are currently no approved treatments available for Usher syndrome type 1B. UshStat has received European and US Orphan Drug Designation which brings development, regulatory and commercial benefits.
John Dawson, Chief Executive Officer of Oxford BioMedica, said: "This is the third ocular IND approval that Oxford BioMedica has received from the US regulatory agencies over the last 12 months which represents an exceptional achievement for our R&D and regulatory teams. The continued progress of our ocular program partnered with Sanofi will further support the development path for other LentiVector platform products. With no approved treatment available for patients, we look forward to bringing UshStat into Phase I/IIa clinical development later this year."
Professor Richard Weleber, Principal Investigator at the Casey Eye Institute, commented: "We are delighted to be partnering with Oxford BioMedica in the design and conduct of this; the first trial of gene replacement for retinitis pigmentosa associated with myosin 7A-deficient type I Usher syndrome. As such, this trial represents a major milestone in the history of Usher syndrome. We conclude that the gene replacement therapy that will be evaluated in this trial has the potential to provide a substantial, durable benefit for the vision of these patients."
Dr Stephen Rose, Chief Research Officer of the Foundation Fighting Blindness, an early funding collaborator of Oxford BioMedica's pre-clinical ocular program, added: "The IND approval for UshStat is great news for people affected by a particularly devastating condition. UshStat will be the first vision treatment for any type of Usher syndrome to move into a human study and, as a corrective gene therapy, it holds potential to halt the disease in its tracks."
Editor’s Note: The other two programs involving gene therapy for ophthalmic applications that Oxford BioMedica is involved with, with Sanofi, are RetinoStat for treating the wet form of age-related macular degeneration, a Phase I study; and the treatment of Stargardt’s disease, using StarGen, a Phase I/II study.
If you have Usher Syndrome, Type 1B, or know someone who does, and would like more information about the study, please contact Maureen Toomey, Study Coordinator for the UshStat trial, at the Casey Eye Institute at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Also, for additional background information on the use of gene therapy in the treatment of RP and dry AMD, please see my article: “The Use of Gene Therapy in Treating Retinitis Pigmentosa and Dry AMD”.


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This is the world’s smallest ever piloted airplane.
In 1947 Israel’s self-defense force, Haganah, set up the Land and Labor for Palestine in America to do this.
At the instigation of the CIA, this man was assassinated on 2 November 1963.
During the 1930s and 40s this was the only airlines authorized to carry the American flag to other nations.
In 2007 the Texas legislature attempted to declare Athens, Texas the home of this food.
In Vietnam this percentage of wounded survived after they made to a hospital.
The North American Rockwell B-1 bomber was nicknamed this.
This state is unofficially called the “Nutmeg State”.
This number of military working dogs were deployed to Vietnam and Thailand during the Vietnam war.
The first Air Force One was this model of airplane.
The first successful human chemotherapy trial used a form of this.
The McDonnell RF-101C recon plane was named this.
To win the Pour le Mérite (the Blue Max), Germany’s highest award for valor during World War I a pilot had to shoot down this many enemy planes.
This American President was the youngest US Navy flier in World War Two.
During Vietnam, Military Occupational Specialty 94B was this.
The B-52’s first combat mission was in this month and year.
HistoryNet.com is brought to you by Historynet LLC, the world's largest publisher of history magazines. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally published in our various magazines.
© 2020 HistoryNet

domain: history


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Chelsea 3-0 Aston Villa Highlights
Diego Costa’s outstanding start to his career at Chelsea continued as he grabbed his eighth goal to help the leaders to victory against Aston Villa.
The Spain striker scored one and helped create another as the Blues secured their fifth win of the season.
Oscar was first on the scoresheet when he tapped in after Willian’s shot was saved by Brad Guzan.
Costa added a second with a header before his jinking run and shot led to Willian’s goal from close range.
Watch English Premier League match, Chelsea Vs Aston Villa highlights here.
Venue: Selhurst Park
Date: Saturday, 27 September, 2014
Kick off: 15:00 GMT
Aston Villa ended a run of four successive defeats by Chelsea with a 1-0 victory at Villa Park in March courtesy of Fabian Delph’s backheeled goal. Chelsea had Willian and Ramires sent off, while manager Jose Mourinho was sent to the stands.
Chelsea have only lost one of their last 12 home games in this fixture (W8, D3, L1). Their 8-0 victory in December 2012 is Villa’s record defeat.
Chelsea are the league’s leading scorers with 16 goals in five matches.
Eight of their last nine league goals have been scored in the second half.
They have already earned a league-high seven points from losing positions, coming from behind to win two league matches this season.
Jose Mourinho has only won one of his last six matches against Villa (2-1 at Stamford Bridge last season)
Villa are striving to win three successive Premier League away matches for the first time since April 2010.
Ten points from five games represents their best start since 2009, when they earned 12 points.
This is the third of five straight fixtures against last season’s top five for Paul Lambert’s side. They next host Manchester City and then visit Everton.
They have registered just eight shots on target in five Premier League games this season, fewer than any other side.
Villa are the only Premier League team yet to concede an away goal this season.

domain: sports


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WACO, Texas – One arrest has been made in a weekend shooting in Waco.
Police officers received a call Sunday afternoon regarding a shooting near the 1400 Block of E. Waco Drive. When officers arrived, they discovered that the suspect – identified as Allen Aubrey – was shooting at a targeted victim.
This victim transported themselves to the hospital before police arrived on scene, and received treatment at Baylor Scott & White – Hillcrest.
While officers were investigating on scene, Aubrey approached officers saying he was the victim. However, officers quickly learned he was lying, and Aubrey was taken into custody.
Source: Waco Police Department


Baghdad-Iraq-Presse -24 December: Commission to reformulate some of the paragraphs of the budget decided to give two dollars just for every barrel of oil-producing provinces in the petro-dollar project.
The Deputy Prime Minister said Bahaa al-Araji, in a statement received / Iraq Press /, a copy of which, "The committee reformulate some of the paragraphs of the budget ended, today, work."
Araji said that "the Commission has decided to give two dollars of petrodollars to the oil-producing provinces for every barrel of oil producer, primarily of Basra."
The Council of Ministers announced in a meeting last week agreed to exchange the remainder of the provisions of the petro-dollar oil-producing provinces. " Ended (1)
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•Impetigo, a bacterial infection of the skin caused by streptococcal pyogenes, may precede acute glomerulonephritis. Strep throat can also precede acute glomerulonephritis.
•AGN is commonly caused by infection, but can also be caused by vasculitis, SLE, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and hypersensitivity disorders.
• Although most streptococcal infections do not cause AGN, when they do, a latent period of 10 to 14 days occurs between the infection and the onset of clinical manifestations.
•Herpes simplex virus is not associated with AGN.
•Meningitis and pneumonia are commonly caused by a type of streptococcus, but are not associated with AGN.

domain: medical


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I don't know if it's the 100-degree temps or merely general laziness, but I've been craving super simple meals lately: crisp green salads, grilled chicken,...Read More
Five Paleo Dinners To Cook Next Week #105
It’s hot and humid here in Prague, and I feel like playing hooky, so I’ve declared today…
I’m going to park myself in front of BOTH fans with my current book: The Black Angel by John Connolly. It’s a surprisingly dark mystery thriller set in New York City, Prague, and Kutna Hora. I love the descriptions of my favorite city and the Sedlec Ossuary.
Here are five crazy-delicious recipes you could make for dinner next week, plus a sprinkle-it-on-everything condiment that’s also handy when you need a snack. Stay cool, friends!
Dinner Ideas (Whole30 compliant)
Cookup Tips: The meat “dough” can be made 1 day in advance then cooked—or you can cook the chicken cakes completely during your Cookup and re-heat just before eating. They’ll stay fresh and tasty for 5-6 days after cooking.
Cookup Tips: I love a recipe that’s basically, “Plug in the slow cooker.” These ribs are not much more complicated than that, and if you make a lot, you’ll have luscious meat to use in other dishes all week. Like this Faux Pho! Or this egg foo yung.
Recommended Sides: I like these with roasted sweet potatoes and a salad—butter lettuce, cucumbers, red bell peppers, pumpkin seeds—tossed with rice vinegar, extra-virgin olive oil, salt, pepper, garlic, and a splash of coconut aminos.
Cookup Tips: This tastes great straight off the stove and after a few days in the fridge, so you can make it up to 5 days in advance. It also freezes pretty well, so think about a double batch. It tastes really great on a bed of Cauliflower Rice; you can turn the head of cauli into rice in advance, then store it in the fridge until you’re ready to cook it.
Recommended Sides: Maybe add a sprinkle of crushed Savory Granola (recipe below).
Cookup Tips: Meat “dough” can be made 1 day in advance then cooked—or you can cook the meatballs during your Cookup and re-heat just before eating. They’ll stay fresh and tasty for 5-6 days after cooking. They also freeze like champs!
Recommended Sides:You kinda really need some oven fries with these. You can go for Crispy Oven-Baked Sweet Potato Fries, Herb Parsnip Fries, or Classic Diner-Style Home Fries—don’t forget the Kickass Ketchup! You can prep all the potatoes in advance, then throw them in the oven with the meatballs just before eating.
Cookup Tips: You can marinate the meat a day or two in advance, but the kebabs taste best when they’re cooked and eaten right away.
Recommended Sides: There are so many delicious options to eat on the side! Lebanese Onion & Parsley Salad, Turkish Chopped Salad, Baba Ghanoush, Grain-Free Pita Bread, Stuffed Grape Leaves, Tahini Dressing, Simple Lemon Spinach… for steam green beans, then toss them with minced fresh tomatoes, garlic, olive oil, and a few fresh mint leaves.
Nibble (Whole30 compliant)
Cookup Tips: This can bake in the background while you’re prepping the rest of your Cookup, and you can keep it whole, as pictured, or crush it in a food processor to make “Magic Dust.” I like to sprinkle a little of this on salads to add crunch—or on top of soups like this Sweet Potato or Golden Cauliflower.

domain: food


Biking is a good way to see wildlife, learn about habitats and photograph nature. Yield to pedestrians; many refuge routes are multi-use trails. Biking may be permitted at sites where it is consistent with a refuge’s statutory purpose. E-bikes are permitted on any refuge roads and trails where traditional bicycle use is allowed, if it is consistent with a refuge’s statutory purpose and the refuge manager determines it to be a compatible use.
You are exiting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service website
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We do not guarantee that the websites we link to comply with Section 508 (Accessibility Requirements) of the Rehabilitation Act. Links also do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.


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Every night, it’s the same thing: your cat wakes you up. Sometimes he wants to go out, sometimes he’s hungry and sometimes he’s just looking for you. These nightly awakenings are detrimental to your well-being and cause a lot of fatigue. Is it possible to reduce or even stop these night wakings? The answer is yes! Here are 8 tips to prevent your cat from waking you up at night.
Feed your cat well in the evening
Cats are felines that are very active at night. In fact, during the day, you’ll notice that your pet sleeps for long hours. Also, by instinct, your cat may wake you up at night. He doesn’t want to bother you, he wants to go out to hunt! Because he spends his time at night, your cat is hungry. To reduce the risk of waking up at night, it is highly recommended to feed your cat in the evening. Don’t hesitate to give him a substantial meal. You can choose wet food (pâté, mousse, minced food) or dry food such as kibble. Home-cooked meals and mixed meals can be offered. If you have a gluttonous cat, don’t hesitate to add cooked zucchini to its meal. At night, make sure your cat has kibble and water available.
Close the doors
This is a simple but very effective tip. At night, close all doors between your cat’s sleeping area and your bedroom. This way, he won’t be able to wake you up by scratching at the door or meowing. Be careful! If you can’t protect yourself from nighttime awakenings in this way, don’t make the mistake of locking your cat in a small room. Your pet needs space and can develop a lot of stress if it is regularly locked up.
Make sure your cat gets enough exercise during the day
In order for a cat to be calm at night, it needs to exercise during the day. If you have an outdoor space or if your cat is used to exploring your neighborhood, try to keep her outside as much as possible during the day. She will instinctively defend her territory and chase small animals. If you have an indoor cat, you should take the time to play with him. There are plenty of toys to keep him moving around your home. You can also use a cat tree.
Ignore the meowing
As difficult as it may be, you should ignore your cat’s meowing at night. If you get up every time he asks, you’ll have a hard time stopping the wakings. Just ignore your cat’s calls several nights in a row and she will stop bothering you. Of course, before you make this decision, you need to make sure he has everything he needs.
Establish a routine
As with children, it’s important to establish a routine for cats in the evening. Take time to cuddle or play with your cat, feed her a hearty meal, fill her food and water bowls and then go to bed. If your cat hasn’t been meowing, give her a treat in the morning. This way, she’ll associate her good behavior with the reward. Even if you have less time, don’t neglect your cat’s routine. If you do, you may wake up more than once!
Make sure the cat has the opportunity to go outside
Because cats, like many felines, are nocturnal animals, you need to consider their need to go out in the evening and at night. To avoid waking up, it may be a good idea to install a cat flap. This equipment allows the cat to enter and leave the house at will. It is of course possible to install the cat flap on the garage door. Be aware that there are different types of cat flaps. If you’re worried about other cats getting into your home, you can choose a cat flap with a chip that will only open for your cat.
Give the cat something to wear with your scent
Your cat may be suffering from an emotional addiction. Perhaps he or she suffers from hypersensitivity syndrome. In this case, your cat is a real glue pot. It seeks contact and especially your presence at all times. In addition to reassuring him, it is wise to leave him a piece of clothing with your scent on it for the night. By simulating your presence with him, you reduce night-time awakenings.
For a good night’s sleep, it’s essential that your cat has access to his bowls. As a reminder, he should have kibble and water. His basket or pillow should always be in the same place. Slightly away from the places where people pass by. You must also make sure that the litter box is accessible. Finally, think of leaving him toys. Thanks to them, he will be able to occupy himself during his nocturnal activities. Some toys are very playful. When handled, they release kibble or treats.
When should I be concerned?
If your cat meows regularly at night and despite everything you do, the nighttime wakings don’t stop, it may be a good idea to make an appointment with your veterinarian. Your cat may be in pain. If your cat is a female, she may be pregnant.
If there have been recent changes in your life, your cat may need time to recover. This may be the case if you’ve just moved, if you’ve taken in another pet, whether it’s a cat or a dog, if you’ve just lost a loved one or an animal…

domain: pet


If New York Governor Eliot Spitzer either resigns or is removed from office, so goes his superdelegate status. Furthermore, as this piece from The Star explains, his replacement will not be adding another superdelegate to the table:
ALBANY, N.Y. â€“ New York Gov. Eliot Spitzer’s connection to a prostitution ring could mean bad news for presidential candidate Sen. Hillary Clinton, who needs every superdelegate vote she can get.
Spitzer, a Clinton supporter, is under pressure to resign. He remains a superdelegate only as long as he is governor, according to Democratic National Committee rules.
If he quits, he would not be replaced as a superdelegate. Lt. Gov. David Paterson would become governor and he already supports Clinton, meaning the New York senator would lose one superdelegate.
Sen. Barack Obama leads with 1,579 delegates to Clinton’s 1,473. A total of 2,025 is needed to win the nomination.
This means one more superdelegate loss, not by choice, but by force this time. Not that Obama picks one up but in this close election, every vote matters.
Here’s video from the Associated Press of Hillary commenting a little on the Spitzer scandal:
Really, what more can she say? It’s out, he’ll soon be out, and it doesn’t directly affect her other than the loss of a superdelegate.


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Hon. Moses Hartmann was born in the city of St. Louis, November 26, 1872. He attended the Madison school, and later the Bryant & Stratton Business College. In February, 1886, he entered the law office of Hon. Charles Nagel. Taking up the study of stenography he continued in the law offices of Nagel & Kirby until January, 1897. While in the office of Nagel & Kirby he studied law, graduating from the law department of Washington University in June, 1896. After his graduation he opened a law office with Lambert E. Walther, and continued the practice of law with Mr. Walther for several years.
On November 16, 1898, Moses Hartmann was married to Carrie A. Scooler, of which marriage three sons were born, namely: Sidney, born September 10, 1900; Raymond I., born July 6, 1903; and Edmund L., born September 24, 1911. His family residence is at 5793 Waterman avenue.
In politics Judge Hartmann has always been a stanch republican. In November, 1918, he was elected judge of the circuit court of the eighth judicial district of Missouri for a term of six years. He is connected with several civic organizations and lodges, among them the Million Population Club, the City Club, Real Estate Exchange, the Automobile Club and the Zoological Society. He is also a Mason and is a member of Polar Star Lodge, No. 79, A. F. & A. M., of the Missouri Consistory, A. A. S. R., Moolah Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and Alhambra Grotto. He is also a member of Elk Council of the Royal Arcanum. Among the religious organizations he is a member and past president of the B’nai El congregation. He is also a member of the Independent Order B’nai B’rith, and the Progressive Order of the West. He has served as general president of the St. Louis Public School Patrons’ Alliance, and has shown a deep interest in the affairs of the public schools. Along the line of his profession his membership and connections are with the St. Louis Law Library Association, the St. Louis Bar Association, the Missouri State Bar Association and the. American Bar Association. He finds his recreation in music and art.

domain: law


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We’ve always been very proud of the high standards of care we provide, both in our clinical practice and in the steps we take to keep our patients comfortable and safe. In early 2020 we decided that it was important to demonstrate our commitment to quality by becoming a QIP Accredited Dental Practice. We are […]
Prevention. You’ve no doubt heard the phrase and know what it means when it comes to your dental health. To prevent cavities and other dental diseases, the basics of prevention are:
One of the biggest enemies of healthy teeth is acid. Acids are found, not only in foods, but also in drinks. Many times, we do not think about acids being present in what we drink on a daily basis, much less the effect these acids may have on our teeth.
This statistic is not one to be proud of! The US Sports Safety Foundation estimates that more than 3 million teeth would be knocked out in youth sporting events during the year ahead. In many cases, this tooth loss is probably entirely preventable by ensuring young athletes are wearing a mouthguard. However, an American Academy […]
Most people are aware of the negative effects smoking has on one’s overall health. However, it is vital for people to be aware that their dental health is not excluded from such detrimental consequences. Smoking can have many significant effects on natural teeth and the mouth:
We were taught at dental school that anything other than a natural tooth with sound, healthy enamel and gums is a compromise to dental health, and can sometimes be the beginning of a long, downward spiral for the affected tooth. This is why we have such a focus on preventive dentistry in our practice. If […]
For many people, one of the biggest factors that must be considered before proceeding with a dental implant is the cost. People often wonder why replacing a single tooth can cost so much! Dr Teo hopes that this article will help explain what factors influence the cost of your treatment.
For many people, going to the dentist is a daunting experience. It takes many people quite a bit of courage just to make an appointment, and some people are so scared of going to the dentist that they avoid dental appointments as much as possible, only attending when emergency treatment is required.
:Tooth sensitivity is something most people are likely to experience at some point in their lives. Whether the tooth is sensitive to hot, cold or biting, it can be unpleasant and uncomfortable, and this is where your dentist can help.
If you are living with breast cancer or have survived this disease, you will have experienced how your cancer experience affects many aspects of your health and well-being. It won’t surprise you, then, that your dental health can be affected too.


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|Reviews for Quandaries of a Quirky Romantic|
| FM Radio chapter 20 . 6/20/2010
You're a meanie! :) I'm just teasing...sorta. I just had to say that. And I'm thong his on an iPod! So difficult. On to the next chapter!
| FM Radio chapter 19 . 6/20/2010
I just want to make a prediction: you are going to ruin their perfect world in the next chapter. I can feel it! I truly enjoy this story so on to the ruination/next chapter! Haha
| PrettyInPink001 chapter 1 . 5/25/2010
I love your stories so much and I would appreciate it alot if you would check out mine! I just started a story called California Girls,and I'll most likely be updating every week or every two weeks. The first chapter is short, but starts to get longer as the story continues! Here's the summary:
Jennifer Marie Vande Velde, a Twenty-Two Year old single girl, wakes up with a hangover only to remember that last night, at Jesse, her best guy friend's party, she did the last thing that was on her mind: She made out with him. Things are gonna get crazy...
| dipintheriverstyx chapter 1 . 5/24/2010
my names Nadine too!
| SlugHunter chapter 26 . 5/19/2010
D: that was pretty evil in a totally omfg i love your story and am totally wholey emotionally invested in it so that what you did made me rage. *twitches*
yeah anyways i liked it a lot XD
one thing i found amusing, Nadine rages at ange for being a horrible friend... yet after that chapter shes like mentioned once xD i just thought that was kinda funny :P
anyways awesome looking forward to the next chap/sequel thing _
and if u didn't get it from all that, you are an amazingly talented writer and its wonderful to read your work :D i hope u keep up the passion _
| Country Princess chapter 26 . 4/20/2010
Can I have Thatcher as my boyfriend?
I loved your story! It was amazing!
| Julie G chapter 25 . 3/24/2010
NO!I so don't trust 's just beinga fake.
| Julie G chapter 22 . 3/24/2010
was a HUGE shock!
| Julie G chapter 20 . 3/24/2010
Nicola girl is a creep!
| Julie G chapter 19 . 3/24/2010
well since everything is absolutly perfect,that means soon they'll have to get into a little fight?
| jenny chapter 18 . 3/24/2010
cfdfg no loggef in onn wii l8r
| Julie G chapter 10 . 3/24/2010
gosh,Guidance councelers r so annoying
| Julie G chapter 6 . 3/24/2010
man,it's annoying when main charaters totally prep themselves or go goth,just 'cuase everyone else there is going to 's just embarressing.I would just put togther an outfit that I like then see what they care.
| maiff chapter 26 . 3/18/2010
It's not the ending I'm expecting, but heck it was amazing! It's heartbreaking (since Nadine was not the one he ended up with... yet) but it's definitely realistic. Not everyone is bound for a happy ending nor is it the finale of a person's life when it's a bit tragic. So, in all, I liked your story. It's very natural. I'll be reading your sequel next.
| Dwindling Fire chapter 26 . 3/10/2010
OMG ITS FINISHED! im gonna have a look-see for the sequel after i stufy for maths :S

domain: literature


Huawei continues to come up with all the right numbers.
Despite a United States campaign to isolate China’s high-tech giant, it announced on Wednesday that revenue for the first nine months of the year surged 24.4% compared to the same period in 2018.
The privately-owned smartphone and 5G infrastructure company reported that profits jumped by 8.7%, without revealing further details, while revenue topped 610.8 billion yuan (US$86.2 billion).
Huawei has been under immense pressure after Washington lobbied allies worldwide to avoid the firms’ telecom equipment over security concerns.
In May, the company was blacklisted from both the US market and buying crucial American components because of security issues, such as backdoor spying. Huawei has repeatedly denied the accusation.
“[The group] has maintained its focus on ICT infrastructure and smart devices, and continued to boost the efficiency and quality of its operations,” a company statement said.
“This contributed to increased operational and organizational stability and solidified the company’s performance in the first three quarters of 2019.”
The big winners, of course, have been its thriving smartphone business and 5G operation. Also, half of the 65 commercial deals that Huawei has signed are with European customers building ultra-fast networks.
“This shows European customers’ long-term and consistent trust in Huawei – we are really grateful for their trust in this difficult time,” Yang Chaobin, the head of Huawei’s 5G business, told the Reuters news agency in Zurich.
The contrast could not be more striking between industry enthusiasm for Huawei’s products and the US allegations.
“From a technical perspective, security is something we can solve,” Yang told a news briefing in the Swiss city. “But if you look at security as a political issue, and judging the security of a vendor based on its origin, then it’s very difficult to solve.”
Up to three-quarters of the 400,000 5G base stations that Huawei has sold have been signed off after the Washington ban.
“The entity listing has had no impact on Huawei’s 5G equipment whatsoever,” Yang said. “The performance and specification of the products with our own components will only be better.”
– additional report from AFP


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The 13 Best Broadway Songs About Getting Older
With this weekend's Tony Awards, some show tunes on the joys and challenges of aging
At age 66, Andrea Martin's Tony-winning performance in Pippin is an inspiration for all boomers. The highlight of this circus-inspired Broadway revival is her rendition of "No Time At All," a feel-good motivational song about living every moment of your life before it's too late.
Martin, known for stealing scenes (who can forget her as Aunt Voula in My Big Fat Greek Wedding?) has redefined the role of Charlemagne's mother, Berthe, Pippin's grandmother. She doesn't play her sitting in a wheelchair or using a cane. Hardly. Martin executes derring-do circus acts, like swinging from a trapeze, which causes audiences to applaud, gasp and even give her a mid-show standing "o." "I am the age the character is singing about," Martin recently told The Wall Street Journal, "and in the 40 years since the show first ran, 66 has changed."
Martin's performance got me to thinking about other show tunes that are sung by mature characters (though not from a trapeze). There's a lot of them, which says good things about the theater and diversity. Here, in alphabetical order, are the 13 best Broadway songs about getting older. Curtain up!
Before the Parade Passes By, Hello, Dolly! (Jerry Herman)
Matchmaker Dolly Levi, after a period of mourning her late husband, Ephraim, decides it's time to get "some life back into my life." She sings her spirited, take-charge message standing alone in the center of the stage. Today, however, she'd be signing up for an Internet dating site with the rest of us singles. (Click here to see Carol Channing perform the song at the Tony Awards.)
Hello Young Lovers, The King and I (Rodgers and Hammerstein)
There comes a time in life, usually post-40, when the sight of young couples in love strikes us. We can be envious of them or irked at the passing of time. Or we can take the higher road and wish them the joy we once knew at discovering first love, which is just what Anna, the governess hired by the King of Siam, does: "Don't cry because I'm alone," she sings. "All of my memories are happy tonight, I've had a love of my own like yours, I've had a love of my own." (Click here to see Rebecca Luker perform the song in concert.)
I Am What I Am, La Cage Aux Folles (Jerry Herman)
This adrenalin-pumping number belongs to the drag queen, Albin. It's about his refusing to apologize for his lifestyle. Over time the song has become a rousing anthem for anyone wishing to embrace his or her individuality. "Life's not worth a damn, 'til you can say, 'Hey world, I am what I am.'" That's every midlifers stance. If not, it should be one's goal. (Click here to see George Hearn perform the song at the Tony Awards.)
I'm Glad I'm Not Young Anymore, Gigi (Lerner & Loewe)
The musical Gigi started as a movie before eventually going to Broadway. But it's the film version everyone knows. Maurice Chevalier, upon observing his nephew's stressful love life, sings this appreciative ode to low testosterone: "How lovely to sit here in the shade, with none of the woes of man and maid, I'm glad I'm not young anymore." Of course, that was in pre-Viagra, "La Belle Epoque" France. (Click here to see Maurice Chevalier perform the song in the movie.)
I'm Still Here, Follies (Stephen Sondheim)
The song, as dramatic as any Verdi aria, is sung by an aging movie queen named Carlotta who's had more than her share of triumphs and tragedies. Anyone who makes it past 50 knows the depth of her pain and pleasure. "Good times and bum times, I've seen them all and my dear, I'm still here." I know the feeling. That goes for every boomer, scars included. (Click here to see Dolores Gray perform the song.)
No One Is Alone, Into the Woods (Stephen Sondheim)
Every lyric of this haunting ballad imparts wisdom that comes only with age. It's a complicated riddle of themes, from honoring your parents' mistakes to realizing that people aren't always what they seem: "Witches can be right, giants can be good." It's about loss ("Sometimes people leave you, halfway through the wood"), but ultimately hope. "Hard to see the light now, just don't let it go, things will come out right now, we can make it so. Someone is on your side. No one is alone." Comforting words. (Click here to see Bernadette Peters perform the song at a concert in London.)
No Time At All, Pippin (Stephen Schwartz)
The composer was just 22 when he wrote this wise song that always stops the show, no matter who performs it, be it Irene Ryan, who originated the role of Berthe in 1972, Martha Raye (don't laugh, the hammy comic was an underrated jazz singer) or Andrea Martin. Berthe sings it to her grandson to let him know that age isn't about to stop her. She invites the audience to sing along: "Oh, it's time to start livin', time to take a little from this world we're given, time to take time, cause spring will turn to fall, in just no time at all." In one verse, she sings, "I believe if I refuse to grow old, I can stay young until I die." Now that's a boomer mantra worth framing. (Click here to see Martha Raye perform the song in the show.)
Old Friends, Merrily We Roll Along (Stephen Sondheim)
Anyone who's older knows how difficult it is to make new friends, mainly because they don't share our history. They weren't around for the first few acts. Sondheim's song perfectly captures the relief and joy that comes from seeing a familiar face — not having to explain the who, what, where, why and hows of your life. It's all good and will only get better. I love this lyric: "Time goes by, everything else keeps changing, you and I we get continued next week." (Click here to see George Hearn and Carol Burnett perform the song in the Broadway production of Putting It Together.)
Once Upon a Time, All American (Lee Adams/Charles Strouse)
Set on a Southern college campus, this 1962 musical flopped, even with a book by Mel Brooks. But all the great crooners, starting with Tony Bennett, have recorded this poignant ballad about a spring love affair. I was privileged to hear the legendary Mabel Mercer perform it. "Once upon a time, the world was sweeter than we knew, everything was ours, how happy we were then, but somehow once upon a time never comes again." But the memories do, and they get headier with age. (See Larry Kert perform the song at the Tony Awards.)
Send in the Clowns, A Little Night Music (Stephen Sondheim)
You'd think a song that's been sung as much as this one would have lost its relevance. But the obtuse, bittersweet lyrics keep providing new shades of depth as you get older. It's about finally growing up and knowing what it is you really wanted, then stepping back to realize maybe it's too late. But as the song's last lyric hints, "Well, maybe next year." (Click here to see Judi Dench perform the song.)
September Song, Knickerbocker Holiday (Maxwell Anderson, Kurt Weill)
This pop standard is from a 1938 musical linking the New Deal to fascism — probably not FDR's favorite musical. September Song, written for Walter Huston (Anjelica's grandfather), is about the need for shorter courtships after a certain age. "When the autumn weather turns the leaves to flame, one hasn't got time for the waiting game." Justin Bieber probably won't be recording this anytime soon. (Click here to see Sarah Vaughan and Wynton Marsalis perform the song with the Boston Pops.)
Sunrise, Sunset, Fiddler on the Roof (Sheldon Harnick, Jerry Bock)
Two parents at their daughter's wedding pose the musical questions: "When did she grow to be a beauty? When did he get to be so tall? Wasn't it yesterday that they were small?" To sing this song you have to be closer to the sunset than the sunrise. It's performed or played at every wedding, yet never fails to bring, as the repeating lyric says, "happiness and tears." (Click here to see it sung in the Stratford Festival's 2013 production.)
There Is Beauty in the Bellow of the Blast, The Mikado (Gilbert & Sullivan)
True, The Mikado is an operetta, not a Broadway musical. And it's British. But it's performed on Broadway from time to time and was transformed into the swing-infused musical Hot Mikado. Toward the end of the operetta this giddy duet is performed between the elderly characters, Katisha, a ballsy grand dame, and Ko-Ko, the Lord High Executioner of the fictional Japanese province of Titipu. Realizing they were meant for each other in their golden years, they sing one delicious lyric after another. My favorite patter: "Are you old enough to marry, do you think? Won't you wait until you're 80 in the shade? There's a fascination frantic in a ruin that's romantic, do you think you are sufficiently decayed? ... To the matter that you mention, I have given some attention, and I think I am sufficiently decayed." (Click here to see Groucho and Melinda Marx perform the song.)
I'd love to see how Andrea Martin would perform the role of Katisha. On a trampoline while preparing sushi, no doubt.


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The Las Vegas Review-Journal reports that more than 13 years after the housing market peaked, home prices in Las Vegas in September nearly matched pre-recession highs.
However, the Review-Journal states the gap is bigger than it appears when inflation is accounted for, leaving prices “way off” from pre-recession highs.
The median-sales price of single-family homes was $310,000—an increase of 1.6% from August and an annual increase of 3.3%, according to the Greater Las Vegas Association of Realtors (GLVAR).
A total of 2,750 houses were sold last month, which is down 13.2% from August but a 12.9% jump from September 2018. Continually, 7,334 single-family homes were on the market without offers at the end of September—down 5.6% from August and up 19.3% annually.
The Review-Journal stated Las Vegas was “ground zero” for the real estate bubble in the mid-2000s, mostly due to growing property values, rising construction, and home flipping. According to the GLVAR, the average price of single-family homes peaked in June 2006 at $315,000—$398,300 in today’s money—nearly $88,100 above last month’s average.
Southern Nevada was also hit hard during the Great Recession as foreclosures, falling property values, and abandoned real estate projects. The median-sales price of a single-family house hit $118,000 in January 2012, which is 62.5% drop from the peak.
The Review-Journal reported last month that the housing market in Las Vegas was stabilzing for the first time in decades.
The report found that buyers purchased 3,168 single-family houses in August, which is up 0.3% in July and an annual increase of 3.1%. Fewer homes were on the market in August at 7,766, which is down 0.5% from the prior month.
Also, the Review-Journal states that Las Vegas home prices have been a “roller coaster” over the past 15 years. Janet Carpenter, President of the GLVAR, said prices soared in the mid-2000s, fell in the Great Recession, and have been “ramping back up” since 2012.
“If you look at it that way, I guess you can say we’re coasting along right now,” Carpenter said.

domain: economics


text:
|Publication number||US4318789 A|
|Application number||US 06/202,328|
|Publication date||Mar 9, 1982|
|Filing date||Oct 30, 1980|
|Priority date||Aug 20, 1979|
|Publication number||06202328, 202328, US 4318789 A, US 4318789A, US-A-4318789, US4318789 A, US4318789A|
|Inventors||Paul J. Marcantonio|
|Original Assignee||Kennecott Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (28), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This is a division, of application Ser. No. 068,145, filed Aug. 20, 1979.
The invention relates to processes for purifying industrial waste streams and more particularly to processes for treating waste solutions electrochemically to remove chromium and other heavy metal ions.
Chromium-containing solutions are used in a number of industries usually for chrome plating steels or for inhibiting corrosion in steel vessels. These solutions are acid solutions having various compositions depending upon the article to be treated. Hexavalent chromium in some form--such as sodium dichromate, sodium chromate, potassium dichromate, potassium chromate, chromium tri-oxide (chromic acid) and the like--is present in these solutions. Because hexavalent chromium is one of the most toxic chemicals to fish life, in even very minute concentrations on the order of one part per ten million, it must be substantially completely removed before treating solution waste waters containing chromium are discharged in a sewage system. Other metals and metal compounds which are found in such treating solutions can be precipitated out by suitably adjusting the pH of the waste waters. Hexavalent chromium, however is soluble at a pH of 0-14 and therefore special methods must be employed to remove it.
There have been various methods proposed to capture chromium before passing waste into a water body or sewer system. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,494,328 discloses metering stoichiometric amounts of a lead compound (such as lead nitrate) into a treating bath containing chromate ions to form an insoluble lead chromate. However, as is reported in U.S. Pat. No. 3,791,520, water containing a few parts per million hexavalent chromium was run through a bed containing a particulate insoluble lead compound such as lead oxide or hydroxide. Flow through the bed was very slow due to the formation of insoluble lead chromate which tended to cause packing of the bed. Channeling of the bed also occurred with upward flow of water therethrough with the result that the chromium in the water was not adequately removed.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,791,520 discloses contacting the chromium-laden water with a relatively water insoluble lead compound in conjunction with a porous, particulate matrix which prevents packing and channeling of the insoluble lead compound. The effluent from which the chromium has been removed is then run through a cation exchanger in the hydrogen form to remove any solubilized lead ion.
Removal of chromium from rinse waters by ion exchange methods is well known but is less than satisfactory because of the cost, the fact that the life of the ion exchange resin is short and can only be regenerated a few times before replacement, and because regeneration of the ion exchange resin yields a concentrated chromium solution which still presents a disposal problem.
A well known and commonly used method of removing chromium is to reduce chromium from the hexavalent state to the trivalent state with SO2 and then adjust the pH with calcium hydroxide to precipitate out the trivalent chromium together with relatively large quantities of calcium sulfate (gypsum) sludge. This method suffers from two serious deficiencies: (1) the gypsum has little commercial utility, and (2) the amount of trivalent chromium is usually too small and too contaminated by the gypsum to be of any commercial value. A further disadvantage of the SO2 method is that no free water is obtained that can be recycled for reuse in the metal treating system. Other methods of reducing hexavalent chromium employ sugar, wood, molasses and sawdust and are likewise unsatisfactory because of the production of large amounts of sludge having little or no commercial utility.
With regard to the removal of other metals, electrochemical designs have been tested for nickel or zinc removal in dilute acidic or neutral solutions. In H.S.A. Reactors Ltd., "Metal Finishing Report", Nov. 1977, pp. 26, H.S.A. Reactors Ltd. reported nickel reduction from 132 ppm to 14.5-22.0 ppm using a carbon fiber matrix cathode. This procedure has been termed "direct electrowinning". A fluidized bed "Chemelec" cell as reported in C. L. Lopez-Cacicedo, "The Recovery of Metals from Rinse Waters in `Chemelec` Electrolytic Cells", Trans. Inst. Metal Finishing, 53, 1975, pp. 74-77, reduced zinc from 523-550 ppm to 333-427 ppm and attempts at nickel reduction were simply termed "inconclusive". By contrast the "Swiss-roll" as reported in P. M. Robertson and N. Ibl, "Electrolytic Recovery of Metals from Waste Waters with the `Swiss-roll` Cell", J. Appl. Electrochem., 7, 1977, pp. 323-330, was used to selectively recover copper from copper/zinc and copper/nickel mixtures. It was reported that 99.9% of the copper was recovered with no detectable change in the conentration of the second metal.
These results show that complete removal of copper from acidic solutions is possible and significant nickel and zinc removal from dilute acidic solutions is possible when a flow-through cathode is used.
In accordance with the present invention, the direct electrowinning process may be used for the removal of copper and other heavy metals at the cathode and chromate removal at the anode.
Accordingly an object of this invention is to provide an electrochemical method and apparatus for the efficient removal of chromium and other heavy metals from dilute solutions.
Heavy metals are removed from dilute solutions in an electrolytic cell containing an anode of lead shot in a packed bed. Any flow-through cathode may be used. As the solution passes through the sacrificial lead anode, lead chromate is formed electrochemically in tiny particles which slough off and settle in a trap at the bottom of the cell. Other heavy metals plate out at the cathode.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an electrolytic cell in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a four-stage cell used to conduct tests on the electrodeposition of non-chromium metals; and
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a cylindrical cell in accordance with the present invention in which current is perpendicular to solution flow.
FIG. 1 shows an electrolytic cell 10 made up of two electrodes 12 and 14 in a container 15 for holding electrolyte (waste water) 17. There is an inlet tube 18 feeding liquid through an opening in the upper part of cell container wall 15 at one end of the cell, and an outlet tube 20 connected to an opening in the upper part of a cell container wall at the opposite end of the cell.
One of the electrodes 12 in the cell, near the inlet end of the cell, is an anode of lead shot in the form of a packed bed. The other electrode 14, near the outlet end of the cell, is a cathode of graphite granules or other carbonaceous conductive particles in the form of a packed bed. Each electrode is attached to a terminal, the anode to a positive voltage and the cathode to a negative voltage.
The bottom wall of the cell container includes a trap 16, a cavity formed to be below the surface on which the electrodes 12 and 14 rest. The trap occupies a major portion of the bottom of the cell between the electrodes.
In use, waste water containing chromate and other heavy metal ions is fed to the cell through the inlet tube 18. Voltage is applied to the electrodes. Effluent is withdrawn through the outlet tube 20.
The chromate ion in solution combines with the lead in the anode to form lead chromate. The anodic reaction is thus:
Pb+CrO4 -2 →PbCrO4↓+ 2e-
The cathodic reaction is the deposition of a metal such as Cu, Ni or Zn. The lead chromate is formed as tiny particles that settle in the trap at the bottom of the cell, from which they may be removed.
In a test of a cell like that shown in FIG. 1, a feed solution containing 200 ppm (parts per million) each of Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, and Cr+6, was run through the cell. The voltage across the electrodes was 8 volts. After several hours, steady state conditions were reached, giving the effluent concentrations below for two experiments:
______________________________________Flow Rate Cell Effluent Concentration (ppm)(ml/min.) Amps Cu Ni Zn Cr+6 Cr Total Pb______________________________________2 0.05 <0.5 30 35 <0.5 <0.5 508 0.09 90 165 160 <0.5 30 1______________________________________
Lead went into solution only after complete removal of Cr+6, but was partly removed by reduction at the cathode. It was found that lead chromate (PbCrO4) was not produced from solutions containing only Cr+6, but that other metals (Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, or Na+) were required for some kind of catalytic action. Thus, an aspect of the invention is to include a cation to promote the reaction of lead chromate if other cations are not present in the waste stream. If heavy metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, silver, gold, cadmium, etc. are not present along with the chromate ion, a cation is actually added to promote lead chromate formation. A preferred cation for addition to the waste water is sodium because it is not expensive and need not be removed from solution.
Solutions were prepared with analytical reagent-grade chemicals of cupric nitrate, nickelous nitrate, zinc sulfate and technical-grade chromic acid (CrO3) to produce a starting solution of 200 ppm each of Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, and Cr+6 on which to test the process and apparatus of the invention. Such solutions have a natural pH of 2.3 (the acidity due almost entirely to chromic acid) and a conductivity of ˜3×10-3 (ohm cm)-1.
Two kinds of particulate graphite were used. The first from Asbury Graphite Mills, Inc. (grade 4228) containing 99.4% C, the main impurities being SiO4, CaO, S, Fe2 O3 and Al2 O3 in decreasing order. The second was a high-purity graphite from Ultra Carbon Corp. which contained only 2.5 ppm total metallics. Size fractions of 10×20 mesh or 10×40 mesh were used for all tests.
The lead shot was of technical grade which had not been analyzed for impurities. Only in the cylindrical cell of FIG. 3 was 1/8" diameter shot used. All other tests used 1/16" diameter shot.
The basic cell as shown in FIG. 1 consisted of an open-top Plexiglass cube approximately 4" on a side. A packed graphite bed acted as a cathode and was suppoorted by a perforated plate or screen 24 (stainless steel, lead-antimony, graphite which functioned as the current collector and was attached to the negative terminal) and a plastic screen 26. Similar screens 24' and 26' supported the lead shot anode. Thus, plate 24' functioned as the anode current collector and was attached to the positive terminal. Screens 26, 26' and frames 24, 24' containing the packed beds provided an exposed superficial area of 52 cm2 to the water line for each bed. The submerged bed volume was 140 cm3 for each bed. Variations of this design are mentioned below as they apply to specific tests.
The second cell design, used to investigate reactions in multiple stages, is shown on FIG. 2. As in the single-stage cell of FIG. 1, solution flow and current were in the same direction (parallel geometry). No chromium solutions were used when operating this cell so that lead shot anodes were unnecessary and were substituted by single, perforated graphite plates as anodes 30.
The third cell design consisted of two concentric cylinders as shown in FIG. 3. The inner cylinder 32, a porous tube of Vycor (Corning Glass Co.) or ceramic (Coors Porcelain Co.) allowed electrical contact without mixing of anolyte and catholyte. A Plexiglas cylinder 34 formed the housing for the cell. The annular space 36 between housing 34 and porous cylinder 32 was filled with conductive particles 38 such as graphite chips. Two or more symetrically spaced negative current collectors (graphite rods) 40 were positioned within the annular space 36 in electrical contact with chips 38. A pump 42 and a conduit 44 delivered chromate free solution from a reservoir 46 to the annular space 36. The porous tube 32 was filled with lead shot 48 and was in electrical contact with a positive current collector (graphite rod) 50.
In operation, solution to be treated is delivered through the waste stream feed to the anode (bed of lead shot) 48. With the current on, lead chromate forms on the lead shot and is carried to the bottom of the cylinder 32 with the flow of the waste stream feed. A grid 52 maintains the bed of lead shot but allows passage of the lead chromate. Other metals plate out on the flow through cathode (chips 38), which can be removed for metal recovery. The cylindrical configuration operates with solution flow at right angles to current (perpendicular geometry).
Cells designed with "parallel" geometry are simpler to engineer and easier to handle physically, but suffer from the fact that most of the reaction takes place within the first 1/8" of the bed where the solution potential is highest. Solution past the "reaction zone" will react very little, and a minimum obtainable metal concentration may not be realized.
Alternatively if the direction of fluid flow is perpendicular to the current, a cell results such that the reaction zone is thin, as seen by the counter electrode (giving a high and relatively uniform solution potential) and long, as seen by the flowing fluid (giving an adequate residence time). The cylindrical cell of FIG. 3 has this type of "perpendicular" geometry.
The complexity of electrochemical reactions and reactors lead to a long list of variables, some of which are interrelated:
______________________________________Cell voltage Solution additivesCell current pHCurrent density Solution conductivityElectrode potential Cell geometryFlow rate Electrode materialsFlow direction Particle size______________________________________
For packed-bed, parallel geometry reactors, literature indicates that the variables in the left column are the most critical. Also, for a given cell and solution under steady state conditions, the first four variables are completely dependent on each other and can be fixed and controlled by holding any one constant. Therefore, the first set of meaningful experiments was run to test the influence of cell voltage, flow rate and flow direction on metal removal from solution. Eight tests were run in factorial design fashion and are described more fully below by the following non-limiting examples.
Results of these initial tests showed essentially complete removal of copper and chromium.
During these tests it was established that chromium formed an insoluble PbCrO4 at the lead anode.
These eight tests were designed factorially to show the effects of cell voltage, flow rate and flow direction. Test conditions were as follows:
______________________________________Cell design: cf. FIG. 1; 1-inch space between anode and cathode; 3/4-inch plexi- glass plug in sections 22 and 23 to reduce residence time.Solution: 200 ppm each Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Cr+6 ; H2 SO4 added to adjust pH from 2.3 to 2.0.Anode: Pb shot; 1/16-inch diameterCathode: Asbury #4228 (10 × 20 mesh)Cell voltage: 2 and 8 voltsFlow rate: 2 and 8 ml/minFlow Direction: anode-to-cathode (A→C) and cathode-to-anode (C→A)______________________________________
In this cell, 8 volts is just below the point where copious amounts of hydrogen gas were evolved.
Significant findings of this test series were:
1. Cr+6 was effectively removed from solution (<1 ppm) at the anode by precipitation of PbCrO4. Once the solution was depleted of Cr+6, lead was solubilized and in some cases, reached concentrations >200 ppm.
2. Low flow and high voltage were more effective in metal removal but commercially would be more expensive in terms of power cost and equipment sizing. Higher voltage also tended to solubilize more lead.
3. The response of Cr+6 removal was unexpectedly faster at the low voltage. Anodic passivation of lead is known to occur and could explain the slower kinetics at the high voltage.
4. A→C flow direction was much more effective in metal removal than C→A. An added advantage was that most of the lead which was solubilized at the anode was subsequently reduced at the cathode.
5. In two tests, Cu+2 effluents were reduced to <0.5 ppm. Ni+2 and Zn+2 could be reduced to <100 ppm only under conditions in which lead concentration became appreciable.
These tests, in a slightly modified cell and fine sized high-purity graphite, extended the operating range of variables from the previous set of tests. Also more attention was given to quantifying compositions of solid products and final effluents. Test conditions were as follows:
______________________________________Cell design: cf. FIG. 1; 1/4-inch space between anode and cathode; 3/4-inch plexi- glass plug in sections 22 and 23 to reduce residence time.Solution: 200 ppm each Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Cr+6 ; H2 SO4 added to adjust pH from 2.3 to 2.0; SO4 = concentration 707-757 ppm.Anode: Pb shot; 1/16-inch diameterCathode: Ultra Carbon EX-105 (10 × 40 mesh)Flow direction: A→CCell voltage: 2 and 10 voltsFlow rate: 3 and 12 ml/min.______________________________________
This higher voltage and shorter A-C spacing gave a low enough cathode potential such that hydrogen evolution was very evident as the strongly reducing cathode face.
Steady-state conditions and results are given in Table IV.
TABLE IV______________________________________Conditions and Results of Tests 24-27______________________________________Cell Cell Flow CurrentTest Voltage Current Rate Efficiency# (V) (amps) (ml/min) (%)______________________________________24 10 0.16 12 13325 10 0.10 3 14426 2 0.042 12 26027 2 0.030 3 147______________________________________Effluent Concentration (ppm) EffluentCu Ni Zn Cr+6 CrT Pb SO4 pH______________________________________120 140 140 18 52 <0.5 282 3.6 2 15 14 <1 2 52.0 <25 5.4170 195 190 27 90 <0.5 523 3.2100 200 195 <1 90 6.0 624 2.5______________________________________
Only in test 25 was the current high enough to remove theoretically all metals in solution assuming the formation of PbCrO4. However, the solids analysis showed that little, if any, PbCrO4 was formed but rather that Cr(OH)3 and hydrolysis products of Cu, Ni and Zn precipitated at the higher pH. This result confirms previous observations that high voltages appear to inhibit PbCrO4 formation.
It should be noted that X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of PbSO4 as well as PbCrO4. These two compounds account for nearly all lead present in the solids except test 25 where some hydroxide is suspected. Hydroxides in general were often noticed on the face of the cathode bed where hydrogen gas evolution apparently depleted the solution of enough hydrogen ions to precipitate hydroxides in localized regions of high pH--higher than observed in the effluent.
The fact that all current efficiencies are greater than 100% showed that hydrolysis, scavenging by PbCrO4, adsorption by graphite or some other non-electrochemical form of metal removal was operative. An adsorption test was done with a sample of Asbury #4228 using the standard 200 ppm solution. After three days a sample was taken and stripped with a solution of H2 SO4 at pH 0.4. The results, Table VI, show that, with the possible exception of chromium (CrO4 -2), adsorption would not be detectable within the normal scatter of experimental error.
TABLE VI______________________________________Adsorption Test on Asbury #4228 Graphite Chemical Analysis (ppm)Graphite Cu Ni Zn CrT______________________________________Initial 5.7 3.4 2.3 5Loaded 13.3 5.6 3.8 45Difference 7.7 2.1 1.5 40-45Stripped 1.2 2.9 1.8 13______________________________________
These tests were intended to demonstrate chromium removal from solutions containing 200 ppm Cr+6 only. It was found that PbCrO4 was not formed at all presumably due to a corrosion-inhibiting or passivating effect of chromate ion on the lead surface. However, when drops of solution containing Cu, Ni, Zn or Na were added to the top of the anode bed, giving an overall solution concentration of about 50 ppm, PbCrO4 formation was immdiate. Since industrial chrome plating baths contain no other metallic cations, the above observation indicates that chromium waste streams must be combined with other metal-containing streams for successful chromate removal.
These tests were designed to study the removal of Cu, Ni and Zn in a multi-stage reactor. Unlike previous tests where cell voltage was fixed, these tests were run at constant current noting that the theoretical current required for complete cathodic removal of metals was 0.93 amps. Test conditions were as follows:
______________________________________Cell design: cf. FIG. 2Solutions: 200 ppm each Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2 ; pH 5.3Anodes: Perforated graphite platesCathodes: UltraCarbon Ex-105 (10 × 40 mesh)Flow rate: 30 ml/minCell Current: 1, 2 & 3 amps______________________________________
Steady state conditions and results are given in Table VII.
TABLE VII______________________________________Conditions and Results of Tests 32-34Cell Cell Current Effluent Conc. Ef-Test Current Voltage Efficien- (ppm) fluent# (amps) (V) cy (%) Cu Ni Zn pH______________________________________32 1.0 3.0 35 <0.5 190 180 2.433 2.0 5.0 26 <0.5 129 128 2.434 3.0 7.5 21 <0.5 93 91 2.3______________________________________
These results show the relative ease of copper removal and the difficulty of nickel and zinc removal. Samples at each stage showed that nickel and zinc concentrations decreased after each successive stage but to a lesser degree implying that a large number of stages would be required to get below the 1 ppm level.
It was observed in the case of copper, that precipitation occurred all the way through the third cathode bed, but only about 1/8-inch penetration on the other cathodes. Also precipitation appared heavier at the bottom than at the top.
Certain hydrolysis products were also noted in tests 33 and 34: a bluish precipitate in the front end (high pH region) and a greenish precipitate in the back end (low pH region). The former was identified by x-ray diffraction principally as Cu(OH)2 with some NiOOH. Note that nickel was oxidized to the +3 state. A third near-amorphous phase was also present which could not be identified. Hydroxides again were formed in localized regions of high pH even though the equivalent production of anodic oxygen was greater than cathodic hydrogen resulting in a net drop in average pH from 5.3 to about 2.4.
Some breakdown of the anode plate was noted in test 34 where the solution became cloudy black with near-colloidal particles of carbon.
These were exploratory experiments intended to test the materials and "perpendicular geometry" concept of the cylindrical reactor, FIG. 3. Test conditions were as follows:
______________________________________Cell design: cf. FIG. 3Solutions: 200 ppm each Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Cr+6 ; pH 2.3Inner tube: Test 35: Porous Vycor Test 36: Porous aluminaAnode: Pb shot; 1/8-inch diameterCathode: Asbury #4228 (10 × 40 mesh)Flow rate: 30 ml/minCell current: 1 amp______________________________________
In test 35 after about 2 hours operation, effluent concentrations reached a minimum of 0.5 ppm Cr+6, 30 ppm Cu+2, 145 ppm Ni+2 and 135 ppm Zn+2, after which all concentrations began to rise. After disassembling the cell, it was found that the Vycor tube cracked.
Test 36 with the porous alumina tube was more successful in holding up physically with no apparent cracking or decrepitation. Effluent concentrations reached a minimum at about 3 hours of <0.1 ppm Cr+6, 30 ppm Cu+2, 120 ppm Ni+2 and 110 ppm Zn+2 after which they began to rise. It was noted that interstices between the #4 lead shot eventually filled with PbCrO4 raising the voltage from 7 to 20 volts and inhibiting both solution flow and the anodic reaction. Larger balls of shot would relieve these problems.
When any electrochemical whole-cell reaction takes place the total voltage (VT) measured across the operating reactor is actually the sum of several components.
VT =φcell +|.sup.η φ+.sup.η a+IR (1)
φcell=electromotive force (emf) of the whole cell reaction calculated from the Nernst equation.
ηc =diffusion (concentration) or charge-transfer overpotential at the cathode surface. Absolute values are necessary since the cathodic over-potential is always negative.
ηa =diffusion (concentration) or charge-transfer overpotential at the anode surface.
IR=ohmic potential drop due to resistance to ionic mobility through solution.
Several important points should be noted here. First, the ohmic potential drop is linear across the anode--cathode space (l) and is dependent on the superficial current density, i.e., the current density with respect to the projected area of the electrode face (A), not the specific areas of the graphite particles themselves Thus, ##EQU1## where k=specific conductivity (ohm cm)-1 Within a porous bed, the ohmic term and in fact the entire solution potential becomes more complicated. The conductivity also changes as the solution becomes depleted with the reaction zone, unless sufficient supporting electrolyte is present to maintain a high level. In the absence of supporting electrolyte, the specific conductivity of the standard 200 ppm solution was about 0.003 (ohm cm)-1. For the cell shown in FIG. 1, hydrogen evolution was noted at about 0.1 amp resulting in the following ohmic potential drop: ##EQU2##
V.sub.Ω =1.6 volts (5)
Second, the anodic and cathodic overpotentials, in contrast to the ohmic drop, depend on the current density with respect to individual particles. The mathematical analysis of electrode potential, current density and distribution in flow-through electrodes is complicated and has been worked out only in the last few years.
Most commercial metal plating is done under conditions of diffusion (concentration) control where the diffusion overpotential is given by ##EQU3## where R=gas constant (8.314 joule. °K.-1)
T=absolute temperature (°K.)
n=number of electrons in half-cell reaction
F=Faraday constant (96,487 coulomb. mole-1)
Cs =metal conentration at electrode surface (mole. cm-3)
Cb =metal concentration in bulk solution (mole. cm-3)
For metallic reduction reactions, .sup.η d reaches a maximum of about 0.05 volts at which point its limiting current density, il, is reached, and the metal is being reduced as fast as it possibly can. ##EQU4## where D=diffusivity (18 0.001-0.005 cm2. sec-1)
δ=diffusion layer thickness (˜0.05 cm)
When the voltage limit is exceeded, hydrogen gas also begins to evolve whose overpotential is typically in the range 0.5-1.0 volts, about the same as that of oxygen evolution at the anode. Since il is directly proportional to Cb, it is evident that in very dilute solutions the limiting current density is small so that in order to reach effluents <1 ppm it may be necessary to "overkill" the system with current, thus driving up the cell voltage, evolving much hydrogen and reducing current efficiency.
Third, it should be noted the φcell is the minimum voltage required for a reaction to go. It is the sum of the two half-cell reactions calculated from the Nernst Equation and is based entirely on thermodynamics and is therefore current independent. A list of the standard electrode potentials, φcell, for the various half cell reactions observed in this study are useful for putting into perspective the reactions which are thermodynamically favored over others. Table IX is given in terms of reduction potentials which correspond to unit activity of the ions concerned, but are often, as a rough approximation, equated to potentials for unit concentration. The sign convention is such that a positive potential indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous.
TABLE IX______________________________________Standard Electrode Reduction Potentials φ°Electrode Reaction (volts)______________________________________Cr+2 + 2e- → Cr -0.91Zn+2 + 2e- → Zn -0.763Cr+3 + 3e- → Cr -0.74PbCrO4 + 2e- → Pb + CrO4 -2 -0.499Cr+3 + e- → Cr+2 -0.41Ni+2 + 2e- → Ni -0.250CrO4 -2 + 4H2 O + 3e- → Cr(OH)3 + 50H- -0.13)Pb+2 + 2e- → Pb -0.1262H+ + 2e- → H2 +0.000Hg2 Cl2 + 2e- → 2Hg + 2 Cl- (Satd KCl) +0.245Cu+2 + 2e- → Cu +0.337O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2 O +1.229Cr2 O7 -2 + 14H+ + 6e- → 2Cr+3 + 7H2O(ph 1-6) +1.33HCrO4 - + 7H+ + 3e- → Cr+3 + 4H2 O +1.35______________________________________
Three cases will now be considered to show the range over which the minimum voltage requirement can vary for certain whole-cell reactions in wastewater systems. In actual experiments, the ions were not at unit activity but at 3-4×10-3 M concentration. By Nerstian calculations the magnitude of overall cell potential (or minimum potential which must be overcome) would be reduced by about 0.06 volts.
CASE I______________________________________Thermodynamically Most Favorable Case φ°______________________________________Cathode Cu+2 + 2e- → Cu +0.337Anode CrO4 +2 + Pb → PbCrO4 + 2e- +0.499Cell Cu+2 + CrO4 -2 + Pb → Cu + PbCrO4 +0.836______________________________________
The large positive potential indicates that, barring kinetic restrictions, the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed by itself. However, to keep the reaction going at a desirable fast rate, i.e., to surmount the overpotentials which increase with current, an addition potential may need to be applied.
CASE II______________________________________Intermediate Case φ°______________________________________Cathode 2 Cu+2 + 4e- → 2Cu +0.337Anode 2H2 O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e- -1.229Cell 2Cu+2 + 2H2 O → 2Cu + O2 -0.892up.+______________________________________
In comparing Case I with Case II it is apparent that the changed anodic half-cell reaction has made the difference between a reaction which was spontaneous and a reaction which must be driven by about 0.9 volts.
CASE III______________________________________Thermodynamically Least Favorable Case φ°______________________________________Cathode 2 Zn+2 + 4e- → 2 Zn -0.763Anode 2H2 O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e- -1.229Cell 2 Zn+2 + 2H2 O → 2Zn + O2 -1.992up.+______________________________________
In commercial zinc electrowinning, the cell voltage is about 3.3 volts showing that in addition to the 2-volt minimum, another 1.5 volts in overpotentials are inherent in the operation and must also be overcome.
In a flow-through system, not only must the voltage requirements be met, but also a sufficient current must be available to remove all metallic ions before they leave the reaction zone or zones if multiple stages are used. The theoretical current required for total metals removal may be easily calculated from Faraday's Law: ##EQU5## In a batch or closed system, this equation relates the mass, m, of an element of atomic weight, M, which is reacted at an electrode by Δz electrons to the passage of current, I, through the solution for time, t. In a continuous or flow-through system, the mass per unit time is equivalent to a concentration, C, times a flow rate, q, and the theoretical current becomes ##EQU6## where q[=]cm3 min-1
Theoretical currents assume 100% current efficiency, i.e., no redissolution of metal, no side reactions such as hydrogen evolution, and no non-electrochemical reaction which removes the ion from solution like adsorption or hydrolysis.
It has been shown that in multi-component systems, the current distribution is such that the more noble metal reacts at the front end of the porous electrode while the more active metal reacts at the back end. Thus efficient use may be made of a properly designed electrode even if it is relatively thick (1-2") if several reaction zones are present within it. Furthermore, since reactions are highly sensitive to variations in flow rate, a thick electrode would tend to confine reactions to discrete zones by minimizing hydrodynamic fluctuations like channeling.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
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|U.S. Classification||588/302, 588/313, 588/320, 588/412, 204/DIG.13, 205/754|
|International Classification||C02F1/463, C02F1/461, C02F1/467|
|Cooperative Classification||C02F2101/22, Y10S204/13, C02F1/463, C02F1/4678, C02F1/46114|
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|Apr 28, 1981||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: KENNECOTT CORPORATION
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT COPPER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003864/0360
Effective date: 19800507
|Jun 25, 1987||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: KENNECOTT CORPORATION, 200 PUBLIC SQUARE, CLEVELAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT MINING CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004815/0063
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Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004815/0036
Effective date: 19870220
|Jul 11, 1989||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GAZELLE CORPORATION, C/O CT CORPORATION SYSTEMS, C
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RENNECOTT CORPORATION, A DE. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005164/0153
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|Jan 17, 1991||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: KENNECOTT UTAH COPPER CORPORATION
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Effective date: 19890630

domain: chemistry


text:
The Farrelly brothers’ feature film version of The Three Stooges now has a release date. THR reports that the Stooges movie will open on April 4, 2012. The flick will hit theaters on a Wednesday, two days before it goes head-to-head with the American Pie sequel American Reunion, the thriller The Cold Light of Day, and of course the 3D re-release of James Cameron’s Titanic.
The Three Stooges stars Sean Hayes as Larry, Chris Diamantopoulos as Moe, and Will Sasso as Curly. The movie will be made up of three segments, just like the shorts, with the brothers trying to save their childhood home, stumbling upon a murder plot, and ending up on a reality TV show. Honestly, this film sounds like a disaster, but I’d like nothing more than to be pleasantly surprised. The cast also includes Jane Lynch, Larry David, Jennifer Hudson, and Sophia Vergara.


text:
In the realm of music, few names resonate as powerfully as that of Beyoncé. This powerhouse singer, dancer, and actress has carved an indomitable niche for herself, setting and smashing records, while becoming a beacon of empowerment and inspiration to millions globally. As she celebrates another trip around the sun, we delve deep into the journey, achievements, and the incomparable legacy of Beyoncé on her birthday.
From her early days as the lead vocalist of Destiny’s Child to her emergence as a solo megastar, Beyoncé Knowles-Carter has consistently demonstrated evolution in her artistry. Born on September 4, 1981, in Houston, Texas, she showcased prodigious talent from a young age. Destiny’s Child, under her leadership, would become one of the world’s best-selling girl groups of all time. But it was after her solo debut, with the album ‘Dangerously in Love’, that Beyoncé solidified her position as a force to be reckoned with in the music industry.
However, Beyoncé’s impact isn’t restricted to just her chart-topping songs or her electrifying performances. She is an emblem of black excellence, constantly pushing boundaries and challenging norms. Albums like ‘Lemonade’ and ‘Black is King’ offer more than just music; they provide social commentary, celebrating black heritage, addressing racial bias, and highlighting the struggles and triumphs of black women.
Her philanthropic efforts, too, are noteworthy. Whether it’s her contributions to disaster relief, scholarships for students, or campaigns for clean water in Burundi, Beyoncé’s heart is as golden as her vocal cords. Along with her husband, Jay-Z, she has been involved in various charitable efforts, displaying an unwavering commitment to making the world a better place.
Over the years, Beyoncé has amassed numerous accolades, including 28 Grammy Awards, making her the most decorated female Grammy artist in history. But it’s not just the awards or the records she sets; it’s the relentless drive, the unwavering commitment to her art, and the way she uses her platform to advocate for change that sets her apart.
Moreover, she has managed to keep her personal life relatively private, a commendable feat in the age of social media and paparazzi. While fans get glimpses of her life with Jay-Z and their three children, she has often chosen to communicate and share major life events through her music and visual albums, giving them depth and meaning that a simple news release could never achieve.
On the business front, Beyoncé has ventured beyond music, making her mark as an entrepreneur. From her clothing line Ivy Park to her involvement in the streaming service Tidal, she has displayed a keen business acumen, diversifying her portfolio and increasing her influence in various industries.
As we celebrate Beyoncé’s birthday, it’s crucial to recognize that she is more than just an artist. She is an icon, a trailblazer, and a global phenomenon. Her influence spans across music, fashion, business, and social activism. With each passing year, she continues to redefine herself, pushing the envelope, and setting new benchmarks.
Her story is one of determination, resilience, and immense talent. As fans worldwide send birthday wishes, they also eagerly await her next move, knowing that with Beyoncé, the best is always yet to come.
In closing, here’s to Beyoncé – a woman who wears many hats with grace and poise. May she continue to shine, inspire, and reign supreme in all her endeavors. Happy Birthday, Queen Bey!

domain: celebrity


text:
The U.S. National Hurricane Service officially designates June 1 to November 30 as hurricane season. However, changing weather patterns can cause hurricanes to occur earlier or later in the year. Unlike land-based vacations, cruise ships have the advantage of navigating around the weather!
Book with Priceline Cruises and score all-time-low rates and incredible deals you won’t find anywhere else. We give you our exclusive bonus offers, plus all qualifying cruise line offers, plus all of the cruise line loyalty program benefits. Book your next cruise online today or call 800-735-8000.

domain: travel