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domain: chemistry


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The Earth Laughs with Flowers… Join the Floral Club!
September 12, 2017
During Club Rush students got ready and excited to check out all the new and old clubs, but the decision of which one to sign up for was hard… especially since we have some new and interesting additions like, Floral Club! The Floral Club is a club made for anyone interested in learning how to make floral arrangements and how to work with flowers in general. The club already has many plans for events where the members will get to participate and help out other clubs. The idea of this club came from the incredibly nice and sweet ROP Event-planning teacher, Mrs. Avalos and two of her talented students. Their idea is to share their knowledge of flowers, to let members explore their creativity and of course, to have fun in the process. During Club Rush they handed out beautiful sunflowers to everyone who signed up, not to mention the clubs, creative and nice stand that caused many smiles on the faces of the people who walked by it. On their first day, the club collected about two pages with names of people who wanted to join. The club will be in room M124 and the times are still being decided. Meetings will be announced on the bulletin as soon as the first meeting is ready to be held. So if you haven’t signed up… what are you waiting for? Everyone is welcome to join. Don’t forget to listen to the announcements to make sure you don’t miss out.

domain: hobby


Medical face shields from plastic for water pipes
Dutch company Wavin, a producer of plastic pipes for water systems, donates 100,000 copies of special-made face shields to healthcare workers. The shields are produced from plastic that is normally used for the production of pipe systems and units for storm water catchment.
The first 20,000 shields have already been delivered to three Dutch hospitals.
Contribution to fight Corona
Gert-Jan Maasdam, Global VP Market Strategy and Innovation at Wavin: “We heard from different healthcare institutions that they have the greatest difficulty keeping their staff going. These masks can make a small contribution to the safety and well-being of the people who are so important at the moment.
“Like many others, we feel fairly powerless in the fight against Corona. We are happy that we can take our responsibility and at least do something”, said Maasdam.
The face shield was developed within three weeks - a process that normally takes months. One of the engineers at Wavin learned about the dire shortage of face masks from his mother who works in healthcare.
He and some colleagues developed a first prototype. In collaboration with the healthcare sector and the Austrian mould-maker Haidlmair, the design has been improved and prepared for production. Wavin started the production of the face shields from the plastic material that it normally uses to produce pipes for water systems.
Wavin, that has never produced for the healthcare sector before, wants to contribute to the worldwide fight against the Coronavirus. The company is expected to be able to supply 10,000 units per day. In addition to the donated copies, Wavin will also make the face shields available at cost price to other healthcare institutions, such as hospitals, retirement homes and homecare institutions.
The company has started a production line in the Netherlands for local production and is investigating the possibilities of producing the screens internationally.


| July 31, 2014, 1:39 p.m.
Updated 4:52 p.m. | House GOP leaders ditched their plans to vote on a border supplemental Thursday after failing to secure the votes to pass it — but plan to try again Friday before jetting out of town for the August recess.
| July 31, 2014, 1:17 p.m.
Between managing a busy pre-recess agenda, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., squeezed in some help for a boxer who needed a visa to be able to fight in the United States this weekend.
| July 31, 2014, 12:46 p.m.
Eric Cantor delivered a somber farewell as majority leader Thursday, telling his House colleagues that he has “truly lived the American Dream.”
| July 31, 2014, 12:01 p.m.
Updated 5:18 p.m. | The inspector general at the CIA has determined agency personnel gained inappropriate access to computers used by Senate investigators probing torture during the George W. Bush administration.
| July 31, 2014, 11:59 a.m.
Long-term unemployed people still wondering if Congress will act on an unemployment extension restoring benefits for millions before going home for the August recess are going to be disappointed again.
| July 31, 2014, 11:54 a.m.
Just hours after shifting gears on a strategy to pass a $659 million appropriations bill to bolster resources at the U.S.-Mexico border, House Republicans are moving ahead, more confident they have the votes.
| July 31, 2014, 11:49 a.m.
We wish we could blame it on the heat, but it was only 79 degrees in Washington on Wednesday.
| July 31, 2014, 10:54 a.m.
The White House torched House Republicans’ plan to vote to block President Barack Obama from granting deportation relief to any new people in the country illegally.
| July 31, 2014, 10:41 a.m.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid is warning of a whirlwind September schedule that will feature a slew of do-over votes on Democratic campaign priorities.
| July 31, 2014, 7:22 a.m.
Two years is a lifetime in politics. Just ask Rep. Scott DesJarlais.
| July 31, 2014, 5:01 a.m.
Sen. Bob Corker is out on a limb. Or maybe more than one.
| July 30, 2014, 11:26 p.m.
Sen. Ted Cruz rallied conservatives Wednesday to “end President Obama’s amnesty” in a meeting late Wednesday — as GOP leaders agreed to vote on legislation Cruz is backing to do just that.
| July 30, 2014, 9:01 p.m.
Updated 11:07 p.m. | In a bid to shore up votes for their border supplemental, Republican leaders plan to give conservatives a vote Thursday prohibiting President Barack Obama from granting deportation relief to more illegal immigrants.
| July 30, 2014, 6:31 p.m.
The House voted mostly along party lines Wednesday to authorize suing President Barack Obama, which Republicans called a principled move to rein in an increasingly lawless president and Democrats and the White House dismissed as a taxpayer-financed political stunt.
| July 30, 2014, 6:07 p.m.
A fresh poll conducted for Sen. Lamar Alexander’s campaign found he continues to hold a comfortable lead with just more than a week to go in the Tennessee Republican primary.
| July 30, 2014, 4:48 p.m.
Part-time rocker Rep. Collin C. Peterson can no longer recall which iteration (the fourth, maybe?) of “The Amendments” he’s playing in these days.
| July 30, 2014, 4:46 p.m.
Updated 5:04 p.m. | The House voted overwhelmingly to pass the compromise health care overhaul aimed at slashing wait times at Veterans Affairs facilities. The bill is expected to easily pass the Senate and head to President Barack Obama’s desk before Congress leaves for the August recess.
| July 30, 2014, 4:15 p.m.
The White House threatened to veto the House’s $659 million border supplemental Wednesday, saying it could actually make the child migrant crisis worse.
| July 30, 2014, 4:10 p.m.
The five finalists for this week’s caption contest are ready for your votes.
| July 30, 2014, 4:08 p.m.
Arkansas Sen. Mark Pryor led his Republican challenger by 2 points in a recent Democratic poll, which is the third survey on the race released in the last two days.


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domain: design


text:
|Treatment Rating:||89.7 / 100|
|Patients Treated (est.):||20,000+|
|Active Ingredient:||Undecylenic Acid, 10%|
|Means of Nail Penetration:||Tea Tree Oil|
What is Funginix?
Funginix is a topical product designed to relieve finger and toe fungus. The manufacture states that the product begins to work within two weeks of starting treatment. The product contains several ingredients including herbal extracts and essential oils.
Funginix contains an active ingredient which is recognized by the FDA as an effective treatment for fungal infections of the nails. It contains a wide array of additional ingredients which have anti-fungal actions. The base Ingredients in Funginix enhance the product’s ability to penetrate deeply into the tissues of the nails and underlying tissues. Nutrient rich ingredients support the health of the nails and surrounding skin.
I am concerned that there are so many ingredients. With each ingredient, the chance of an intolerance ort allergic reaction occurs. Blends containing an excess number of ingredients may not contain enough of the compounds which fight the infection and restore health effectively. Many of the ingredients are chemicals which are produced in labs as opposed to natural compounds which occur in nature.
|Undecylenic acid 10%||Undecylenic acid destroys fungi and relieves itching and burning of infected tissues. It is derived from castor oil. Undecylenic acid may improve the body’s ability to heal itself. Undecylenic acid should not be used on children under two years of age. An insufficient number of studies have been conducted on older adults. Do not use Undecylenic acid on open skin or if pus is present. Undecylenic acid should not be used for more than one month without obtaining the advice of a qualified health care professional.|
|Water||Water serves as a base for ingredients to be dissolved in. It enhances easy application of the product.|
|Prunus amygdalis dulcis (Sweet Almond) oil||Almond oil is a base oil which has been used for thousands of years. This oil facilitates the transport of healing ingredients deeply into the nails and surrounding tissues. Almond oil reduces itchiness, and soothes inflamed tissues.|
|Oleth-10 Phosphate||This is an emulsifier which binds other ingredients together. It is considered to be safe for topical use.|
|Triethanolamine||This chemical is used to improve the texture of the blend and enhance absorption of the healing ingredients. Allergic reactions have occurred. Tumors have been documented in animal studies. The compound may be toxic to the environment.|
|Polysorbate 20||This acts as an emulsifier. It is generally considered as safe.|
|Acrylates Copolymer||This is a type of plastic|
|Glycerin||Glycerin helps to balance the moisture content f the skin and nails. It helps the active ingredients in the bled enter the deeper tissues.|
|Propylene Glycol||Propylene glycol serves as a solvent for other ingredients. While it is generally tolerated in normal concentrations, some allergic reactions may occur. It is approved for internal and external use. The compound may be disruptive to the environment.|
|Uva Ursi (Bearberry ) extract||This is a mineral rich herb which is generally employed for internal use.|
|Beta- Glucan||Beta-glucan enhance the activity of the immune system.|
|Propolis Extract||Propolis is a concentrated healing substance made by bees. It fights infection.|
|Aloe Barbadensis Juice||Aloe is soothing. It reduces inflammation. It should not be applied to deep wounds or if a staph infection is present.|
|Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E)||Vitamin E provides antioxidants and nourishment. It stabilizes other ingredients. Vitamin E enhances the healing process by destroying free radicals.|
|Camphor||Camphor gives a cooling sensation which reduces discomfort and relieves itchiness.|
|Menthol||Menthol promotes a cooling sensation. It acts as a local anesthetic.|
|Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea tree leaf) oil||Tea tree oil a wide array of microorganisms; including fungi. Itching and discomfort may be decreased with the use of this oil. It deep cleans tissues.|
|Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) oil||Lavender oil inhibits microbial growth, relieves itchiness, and supports healing. It reduces inflammation and promotes comfort.|
|Jasminum Officinale ( Jasmine ) oil||Jasmine relieves dry, itchy, or peeling skin. It helps to reduce sensitivity.|
|Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) oil||Clove oil destroys fungi and other microorganisms. It has a long history of use by conventional and alternative health care practitioners.|
|Theobroma Cacao ( Cocoa ) seed butter||Cocoa butter provides lubrication and moisture.|
|Rosa Canina (Rosehip) Flower oil||Rose flower oil is soothing. It reduces inflammation.|
|Cetyl Hydroxyethylcellulose||This is a compound which is derived from plants. It is used to improve the texture of the product. It is generally considered to be safe for topical use.|
|Ethylhexylglycerin||This ingredient is commonly found in topical preparations used to relieve inflammation, and itchiness.|
|Phenoxyethanol||Phenoxyethanol is used in topical preparation to reduce irritation.|
Instructions for Use
Funginix topical solution comes with a built in applicator brush. The manufacturer recommends that Funginix be applied with the brush at least twice daily to, affected, clean nails. They recommend using a cotton swab to work Funginix into the tender skin surrounding affected nails. The importance of keeping the hands and feet clean and dry is stressed on the company website, product label and package insert.
In my opinion, reusing the applicator brush which is stored in the solution will contaminate the product with fungi and other microorganisms. This may result in reinfection and spreading of the infection. A better application practice would be to use a cotton swab exclusively.
The product is simple to use. It attacks the fungi via a wide array of conventional and natural ingredients. The manufacturer claims that the product may strengthen nails. The website is easy to navigate and offers an easily understandable FAQ page about the product, policies, and maintenance of nail health.
Safe use of Funginix
The website does not give information about safe use of Funginix. However; they do suggest that people taking prescription medications consult with their health care provider prior to using Funginix. The label reminds users that the product must be applied to clean nails.
Consumers are advised not to put the topical solution in the eyes or mouth. This caution should be expanded to include all mucus membranes. While the package instructs consumers to flush the eyes if the topical solution comes into contact with eyes, I would recommend consulting with a health care provider as well or calling poison control. Some of the ingredients may be fatal if ingested.
Conflicting information is given about the use of Funginix for children. The package insert states that a physician should be consulted for children under the age of two; while the product label states that a medical doctor should be consulted prior to using on children under the age of five.
No recommendations for safe storage are provided.
The package insert does recommend that a health care provider be consulted if the condition of the nails does not change within three to six months of product use.
No contraindications are listed on the website, label, or package insert.
I suggest that if increased irritation, redness, discharge, or discomfort occurs or increases with the use of Funginix, that use be discontinued. People who are allergic or sensitive to any of the ingredients should not use Funginix. Individuals who suffer from neuropathy, cannot feel pain in the extremities, have open lesions, impaired circulation, or other health concerns should not use Funginix without consulting with their health care provider.
The manufacture does not list any side effects on the product website, product label or package insert.
Description of Product
A one month’s supply contains 0.8 ounce of the topical solution. The topical solution contains a brush cap.
Cost of Treatment
Funginix cost approximately $50 plus shipping for a one month supply. Discounts are available when multiple units are purchased. As complete eradication of nail fungus may require 3-6 months of treatment, it is likely that the full cost of eliminating the fungus would be $150-$300 or more. The manufacturer offers a wholesale discount.
Warranties and Returns
The manufacturer, Sisquoc Healthcare, states that the company is only liable for damages up to the price of the product. They accept returns of opened and unopened products for a period of sixty days after purchase. A full refund is given if containers, a receipt and a description of the complaint is provided. It is unclear to me whether or not shipping charges are refunded. It may take up to sixty days to process returns.
Funginix is being sold on the company website and by several sellers on Amazon.com. Ratings are quite varied. In general the product rating ranges between two to three out of a possible five stars. Most people related that the product must be used for a few months to obtain results. Some people documented that Funginix worked quite well while others saw no improvement.
The owner of Funginix is Sisquoc Healthcare, Inc. They are located in California, USA.
You may order Funginix and obtain more information from http://www.funginix.com . There is a blog addresses topics that people infected with nail fungi may find useful. The blog has only been updated once in a year however. It is available at http://www.funginix.com/blog/ .
The Bottom Line
Funginix costs approximately $50 plus shipping for a one month supply. Since you will likely need several months of treatment; you will likely need to invest hundreds of dollars to rid yourself of nail fungus if you use Funginix.
The risk of reinfection is high due to the used brush being stored in solution. I do not recommend using the brush.
One of the ingredients contained in Funginix is approved by the FDA as effective treatments for nail fungus. The essential oils in the blend have been proven to be effective remedies for nail fungus in many studies.
The site, package insert, and blog contain useful information that promote nail health. The site does not make exaggerated claims and seem to “feel honest”. I believe that the company’s return policy is reasonable.
*Based on aggregated reviews. Not a scientific study of success rate
Funginix was once our top-most recommended product for the topical treatment of fingernail and toenail fungus, it has since been placed at number 2 behind EmoniNail. This change is based on a variety of factors, include: new treatment success data, anecdotal customer feedback, and customer service tests performed by the National Nail Fungus Association.
This links directly to the Manufacturer’s Website
Disclaimer: Individual results may vary. The text on this website is for informational purposes only and should not be used in substitute for the advice of a physician or other medical professional. All statements, opinions, and information on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.

domain: medical


text:
The Chiefs didn't win the Super Bowl, Verizon did
While the Kansas City Chiefs won the Super Bowl on the field last month, Verizon might be considered the winner off the field and in the stands at State Farm Stadium. Before the game, the nation's largest wireless provider installed 490 5G nodes according to RCR Wireless. These nodes (aka small cells) transmit and receive data in densely populated areas such as the inside of a sold-out football stadium. 66 of the nodes were for Verizon's newest zippy mmWave 5G signals. Additionally, 1,400 4G and 5G antennas were placed around the stadium.
60% of the fans at the Super Bowl were Verizon subscribers
During the AFC-NFC Championship game, State Farm Stadium was filled with 67,827 good neighbors (you have to be from the U.S. to understand that reference) and 60% of them were Verizon customers. Verizon's investment, said the carrier's Vice President of Device Technology Brian Mecum, paid off. The executive said, "Eight minutes into the second quarter, [our customers] used more traffic now than [they] did at SoFi for all of last year's game."
Verizon subscribers used 47.8 TB of data inside State Farm Stadium on Super Sunday
Mecum also pointed out that this trend should continue as more and more Verizon network capacity is added before each Super Bowl contest. Verizon subscribers consumed a whopping 47.8 TB of data inside the stadium, up 57% from the previous year's game. And to help you realize how much data 47.8 TB is, it's equivalent to a single person binge-watching HD video for more than three years. He also said that while the zippy fast mmWave 5G spectrum was the star of the Super Bowl, Verizon also added access to the mid-band.
The thing to keep in mind is that mmWave 5G signals are the fastest but also travel the shortest distances. This makes these signals perfect for a stadium full of people shoehorned together as though they were sardines in a tin can. Low-band is used for nationwide 5G because these signals travel farther although the download data speeds are not much higher than 4G. Mid-band is considered the Goldilocks of 5G because they travel farther than mmWave and delivers faster download data speeds than low-band.
Verizon said that its subscribers attending the Super Bowl took advantage of the low latency that is part of mmWave 5G to use Verizon 5G Multi-View. This allowed them to see the game from seven different angles simultaneously and also delivered replays of the previous play faster than the refs could view them. Mecum added, "It created personalization and a connection with the game that people didn’t have before. We’ve proven to ourselves that one of the things that personifies 5G is video."
Verizon helps coaches talk to each other inside all 30 NFL stadiums
Verizon helps coaches communicate with each other in all 30 NFL stadiums through a managed private wireless solution. As Verizon's Mecum noted, "Every time [coaches] talk, they do it over our private network. [They] can’t miss a single word." The Verizon executive added, "Wherever you have a bunch of people who need to be all synced up — concerts, tournaments, workers in a warehouse or on an airport tarmac — and you need high-quality voice [and] need to be able to hear in a very loud environment… from a private network standpoint, you’ve hit the sweet spot right there."
Verizon also added 45 nodes (equivalent to 15 full-sized cell sites) inside NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. These nodes will help deliver 5G mmWave and C-band signals to attendees of events at the stadium. More interesting, Verizon has created a technology that divides the crowds at the NRG Stadium into different sectors "like slices of a pie." This gives the carrier's engineers the ability to adjust the wireless signals inside the venue based on where those attending an event move and the kind of content they are using data to view.
Things that are NOT allowed:

domain: news


Legislature finalizes $9.3M to address Flint water crisis
The city of Flint will receive $6 million in state funding to help switch its drinking water source after lead and other problems.
The state Senate approved nearly $9.4 million in aid Thursday that Gov. Rick Snyder will sign.
The legislation also includes money for water filters, inspections and lab testing.
Flint stopped getting its water from Detroit's system last year in a cost-cutting move but has had trouble with water from the Flint River.
The state corroborated findings of elevated lead levels in children and disclosed higher levels in three Flint schools.
Residents have complained about the safety, smell, taste and appearance of the water.
Returning to Detroit's water system will cost $12 million through June.
Flint will pay $2 million, and the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation has pledged $4 million.


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Merck & Co. on Monday announced detailed interim results from the Phase III Keynote-048 study evaluating Keytruda (pembrolizumab) monotherapy for the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The company reported in July that the trial met its primary endpoint of overall survival (OS) in patients whose tumours expressed PD-L1.
The drugmaker said that in patients whose tumours expressed PD-L1 with a combined positive score (CPS) of at least 20, Keytruda monotherapy improved OS by 39 percent compared to the EXTREME regimen, which consists of Merck KGaA's Erbitux (cetuximab) plus cisplatin or carboplatin, in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Further, in patients whose tumours expressed PD-L1 with a CPS of at least 1, Keytruda improved OS by 22 percent. Merck added that Keytruda in combination with chemotherapy improved OS compared to the EXTREME regimen by 23 percent.
"Patients with PD-L1 expression live longer when they have initial treatment with [Keytruda]," commented lead investigator Barbara Burtness, adding "it is thrilling to see these new data, which have the potential to alter the standard of care in the first-line treatment of head and neck cancer."
The trial randomised 882 patients to receive Keytruda monotherapy, Keytruda plus cisplatin or carboplatin, in combination with 5-FU, or the EXTREME regimen. The study's dual primary endpoints were OS and progression-free-survival (PFS), which were evaluated in patients whose tumours expressed PD-L1 with a CPS of at least 20 and CPS of at least 1, as well as in the total population, regardless of PD-L1 expression.
At the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) congress on Monday, Merck said that OS in patients with CPS of at least 20 was significantly longer with Keytruda monotherapy at 14.9 months compared to 10.7 months for the EXTREME regimen. The company added that there was no difference in PFS between the groups, while objective response rate (ORR), which was a secondary goal, was 23.3 percent for Keytruda and 36.1 percent for the EXTREME regimen. In addition, median duration of response (DOR), which was another secondary endpoint, was longer with Keytruda at 20.9 months, versus 4.2 months for the EXTREME regimen.
Merck noted that in the group of patients with CPS of at least 1, OS was significantly longer with Keytruda monotherapy at 12.3 months, versus 10.3 months for the EXTREME regimen, while there was no difference between the groups for PFS. Further results showed that ORR was 19.1 percent for Keytruda, compared to 34.9 percent for the EXTREME regimen, while the median DOR was 20.9 months and 4.5 months, respectively.
The drugmaker added that OS in the total population was significantly longer with the Keytruda and chemotherapy combination at 13 months compared to 10.7 months for the EXTREME regimen. Again there was no difference in PFS between the study arms, while ORR was 35.6 percent for the Keytruda combination and 36.3 percent for the EXTREME regimen.
Burtness noted that compared to standard care, Keytruda alone had a lower response rate and numerically shorter PFS, but significantly longer OS. Burtness said that Merck's drug "appears to prolong life even when the cancer continues to grow, suggesting that it should be a first-line therapy in recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer." However, Burtness added "whether [Keytruda] is given alone or with chemotherapy may depend on PD-L1 expression and we are conducting analyses to answer this question."
Merck said that it plans to seek expanded FDA approval of Keytruda for a first-line HNSCC indication based on data from the Keynote-048 study, with the filing also including results from the Phase III Keynote-040 trial. The company explained that a submission to the FDA seeking clearance of the anti-PD-1 therapy as a second-line treatment for HNSCC based on Keynote-040 has been withdrawn.
Commenting on the findings for ESMO, Tanguy Seiwert of the University of Chicago Medicine, said the study "establishes PD-L1 CPS as a valid marker for head and neck cancer that should be routinely measured in these patients." However, Seiwert noted "the challenge is that treatment benefit is not equally distributed but depends on a biomarker. Hence, PD-L1 CPS expression will likely inform our choice between the two new options – [Keytruda] alone, with a favourable side-effect profile, and [Keytruda] combined with chemotherapy, which may be used in a larger group of patients."
Seiwert continued "higher PD-L1 expression is associated with more benefit, but the exact cut points have to be determined, and individual patient characteristics will play an important role as well." Seiwert suggested that "the usefulness of other biomarkers to select patients for treatment, such as tumour mutational burden, should also be examined."
To read more Top Story articles, click here.


Many companies and brands have the desire to tell a story about their product or services. Often times, social media allows interruption of this story telling process and causes the storyline to shift or change. My recommendation for up and coming brands is to get in front of social media from the start to ensure the brand story gets told the right way. For example, on Instagram, a brand could use captivating photos and tell short stories through the captions of each photo. A fun way to incorporate story telling on Instagram is by allowing fans to create user-generated content and reposting it. This continues telling the brand story, but also encourages fans to put out positive content that will only enhance the storyline opposed to completely interrupting it.


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· Divided into two units:
· The King entrusted the colony to the governor-general, who had the highest position in the government.
· The Royal Audiencia was the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
· The Residencia and the Visitador were the special courts that investigated on the conduct of the governor-general and other high-ranking Spanish officials.
Local Government (provinces, cities, towns and barrios)
· The provinces were divided into two:
1. Alcaldia which recognized Spain's possession over the land
2. corregimiento where the people had not succumbed to its ruling power.
· Ayuntamiento or the city government was the center of the society, religion, culture and business.
· The pueblo was governed by the gobernadorcillo, the highest position for Filipino politicians.
· The Cabeza de Barangay governed the barrios.
During the Spanish regime, there was union of church and state:
· The governor-general had power over the church.
· The friars, on the other hand, played a very important role in the government.
· The Archbishop was only the most powerful in the church. However, it seemed that the church exercised more power than the government and because of this; the government in the Philippines was called "Frailocracia," a government controlled by the friars.
· Spanish colonizers succeeded in introducing Christianity to the islands.
· Christianity represents over 85% of religious beliefs. They were highly successful in the region of modern day Luzon and Visayas but were unsuccessful in Mindanao, south region, where Moslems staved off the Spanish efforts.
· It was a forced the induction of Christianity -- leading to thousands of deaths and tortures of the residents of the islands.
'Christianization' Strategies Employed by the Spanish:
There are a number of reasons why Spanish missionaries were successful in this attempt:
1. Mass baptism - the initial practice of baptizing large numbers of Filipinos at one time enabled the initial conversion to Christianity.. It is said that many Filipinos associated baptism with their own indigenous 'healing rituals', which also rely on the symbolism of holy water--very typical of Southeast Asian societies.
2. Reduccion policies - in areas where Filipinos lived scattered across the landscape in small hamlets, the Spanish military employed a resettlement policy that they had used successful. This policy was called reduccion, and essentially meant a forced relocation of small, scattered settlements into one larger town.
· The policy was designed for the convenience of administration of the Spanish colony's population, a way for a small number of armed Spanish constabulary to control more easily the movements and actions of a large number of Filipinos.
· It was also designed to enable Spain to collect taxes from their Christianized converts. Throughout Spanish rule, Christianized Filipinos were forced to pay larger taxes than indios, or native, unchristian zed peoples.
· The policy also made it easier for a single Spanish Catholic friar to 'train' Filipinos in the basic principles of Christianity.
The policy was successful in some areas but impossible to enforce. Spanish archives are full of exasperated colonial officials complaining about how such settlements were 'all but abandoned' in many cases after only a few weeks.
3. Attitude of the Spanish clergy in the early phase - Spanish friars was forced to learn the native language of the peoples they sought to convert. Without schools that trained people in Spanish, the Spanish friars had no choice but to say Christian mass and otherwise communicate in the vernacular languages of the Philippines.
In the late Spanish period, in contrast, Spanish priests enraged many Filipinos for failing to:
a) Allow otherwise 'trained' Filipino priests to ascend into the higher echelons of the Catholic Church hierarchy in the Philippines;
b) Return much of the land they had claimed as 'friar estates' to the Philippine landless farmers;
c) Recognizing nascent and emerging Filipino demands for more autonomy and a greater say in how the colony was to be managed.
4. Adaptation of Christianity to the local context - Filipinos were mostly animistic in their religious beliefs and practices prior to Spanish intervention.
· In most areas they revered the departed spirits of their ancestors through ritual offerings, and also believed in a variety of nature spirits. Such beliefs were central to healing practices, harvest rites, and to maintaining a cosmological balance between this world and the afterlife. Spirits were invisible, but also responsible for both good and bad events. Spirits could be blamed for poor harvests, illness, and bad luck generally. Yet Filipinos believed that proper ritual feasting of the spirits would appease them, and result in good harvests, healthy recovery of the ill, and the fertility of women.
- The legacy of Spanish conquest and colonial rule in the Philippines, as is true of all colonial attempts to 'master' or manage indigenous populations, is mixed.
- On the one hand, Spanish clergy were very destructive of local religious practices. They systematically destroyed indigenous holy places and 'idols', or statues and representations of indigenous spirits, gods or goddesses.
- They also tried to stamp out all examples of native scripts and literature for fear that Filipinos were using exotic symbols to foment rebellion.
- The Spanish also imposed new 'moralities' on Filipinos by discouraging slave holding, polygamy, gambling, and alcohol consumption that were a natural part of the indigenous social and religious practices.
- Hispanic rule left a legacy of syncretism, rather than totally destructive, elements.
- Spanish clergy introduced some very European features of Catholic practice that blended well with indigenous ritual practices.
- Spanish Catholic priests relied on vivid, theatrical presentations of stories of the Bible in order to help Filipinos understand the central messages of Christianity.
- This colonial legacy lives on whenever Filipino Catholics re-enact through religious dramas the passion of Christ, or Christ's martyrdom, during Holy Week.
· Death is always an occasion that marks a society's traditions, and in the Philippines funerals are usually accompanied by somber village processions and music, essential parts of Roman Catholic ritual practice.
· Filipino indigenous religious beliefs traditionally celebrated rice planting and harvesting times, the death anniversaries of departed ancestors, and these have been blended in meaning and timing with Catholic rites such as All Saints Day and Fiesta de Mayo.
· In this kind of religious syncretism, blending the rites and meaning of two totally separate societies, the outcome is often a surprise rather than a foregone conclusion.
· The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade was the main source of income for the colony during its early years. Service was inaugurated in 1565 and continued into the early 19th century.
· The Galleon trade brought silver from New Spain and silk from China by way of Manila. This way, the Philippines earned its income through buy and sell - that is, they bought silk from China for resale to New Spain and then bought American silver for resale to China.
· The trade was very prosperous. But It neglected the development of the colony's local industries which affected the Indios since agriculture was their main source of income. In addition, the building and operation of galleons put too much burden on the colonists' annual polo y servicio, resulted in cultural and commercial exchanges between Asia and the Americas that led to the introduction of new crops and animals to the Philippines notably tobacco that gave the colony its first real income which benefit extended to the common Indio.
· The trade lasted for over two hundred years, and ceased in 1821 with the secession of American colonies from Spain.
Royal Society of Friends of the Country
· Jose de Basco y Vargas, formally established the Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais composed of leading men in business, industry and profession.
· The society was tasked to explore and exploit the island's natural bounties.
- The society led to the creation of Plan General Economico of Basco which implemented the monopolies on the areca nut, tobacco, spirited liquors and explosives.
- It offered local and foreign scholarships and training grants in agriculture and established an academy of design.
- It was also credited to the carabao ban of 1782, the formation of the silversmiths and gold beaters guild and the construction of the first papermill in the Philippines in 1825.
- It was introduced on 1780, vanished temporarily on 1787-1819, 1820-1822 and 1875-1822 and ceased to exist in the middle of the 1890s.
· March 10, 1785, Charles III created the Royal Philippine Company with a 25 year charter.
· It was granted exclusive monopoly of bringing to Manila, Philippines; Chinese and Indian goods and shipping them directly to Spain via the Cape of Good Hope.
· It was stiffly objected by the Dutch and English who saw it as a direct attack on their trade of Asian goods.
· It was also vehemently opposed by the traders of the Galleon trade who saw it as competition. This gradually resulted into the death of both institutions: The Royal Philippine Company in 1814 and the Galleon trade in 1815.
· To support the colony, several forms of taxes and monopolies were imposed.
- The buwis (tribute), which could be paid in cash or kind (tobacco, chickens, produce, gold, blankets, cotton, rice, etc., depending on the region of the country), was initially was fixed at 8 reales (one real being 12.5 centavos) and later increased to 15 reales, apportioned as follows: ten reales buwis, one real diezmos prediales (tithes), one real to the town community chest, one real sanctorum tax, and three reales for church support
- Also collected were the bandalâ (from the Tagalog word mandalâ, a round stack of rice stalks to be threshed), an annual enforced sale and requisitioning of goods such as rice.
- Custom duties and income tax were also collected. By 1884, the tribute was replaced by the Cedula personal, wherein colonists were required to pay for personal identification. Everyone over the age of 18 was obliged to pay.
The system of forced labor otherwise known as polo y servicio evolved within the framework of the encomienda system, introduced into the South American colonies by the Conquistadores and Catholic priests who accompanied them.
· Polo y servicio is the forced labor for 40 days of men ranging from 16 to 60 years of age who were obligated to give personal services to community projects. One could be exempted from polo by paying the falla (corruption of the Spanish Falta, meaning "absence"), a daily fine of one and a half real.
· In 1884, labor was reduced to 15 days. The polo system was patterned after the Mexican repartimento, selection for forced labor
· Baybayin (syllabic writing)
Earliest Books Published at the Parian of Manila (1593):
- Doctrina Christiana, en lengua española, y tagala
- Fr. Juan Cobo’s Wu-chu T’ien-chu cheng-chiao chen-ch’uan shih-lu (A Discussion of the Real Traditional Propagation of the True Religion)
- Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china
- Ordinationes generals- earliest known de visu work by means of movable types (Juan de Vera, 1604)
- ”Filibustero”- an uneducated Filipino who knew Spanish
Earliest known Filipino writers:
- Unknown Tagalog poet (1605)- May bagyo ma’t may rilim
- Fernando Bagongbanta- Salamat nang ualang hanga
- Tomas Tinpin (1610)- Auit
- Pedro Suarez Ossorio (1627)- Salamat nang ualang hoyang
- Gaspar Aquino de Belen
- Felipe de Jesus
- Jose dela Cruz (Huseng Sisiw)
- Awit (dodecasyllabic quatrain)
- Corrido (octosyllabic quatrain)
- Metrical romances ( written by Ananias Zorilla, Jose dela Cruz, Francisco Baltazar)
- Anti-Muslim melodrama “Moro-Wars”- moro-moro or komedy
- European- “comedias de capa y espada”
- Spanish- “obra caballerescas
- Lenten season- pasyon
- Zarzuela- latest dramatic form (1870)
- Pastillas wrappers
- Pan de San Nicolas
- Faustino Quiotang (1820)- Sedes Sapientiae and San Jose with child Jesus
- Damian Domingo, an insular, director of the Academia de Dibujo (1827-1833)
- Juan Arceo
- Juan Transfiguracion Nepomuceno and families
- Severino Flavier Pablo
- Hilarion Soriano
- Jose Honorato Lozano – “Pepe Vigia” or “Bahia” and “Letras y Figuras”
- Lorenzo Guerrero- “Academia de Dibujo y Pintura”
- Simon Flores
- Regino Garcia y Baza
- Juan Luna - Spolarium
- Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
- Esteban Villanueva- 14 tableaux of the Ambaristo or basi revolt of 1807
- Laguna- Jose Dans who executed Final Judgment and Heaven, Earth , Hell
- Tayabas- Vicente Villaseñor of Lucban
- Cavite- Roman Faustino’s Ensueño (1892)
- Nicolas dela Cruz Bagay
- Cipriano Romualdo Bagay
- Francisco Suarez
- Laureano Atlas
- Felipe Sevilla
- Candido Lopez
- Juan delos Santos –sculpted the baroque altar of the San Agustin church
- Mariano Madriñan
- Aurelio Buhay
- Isabelo Tampingco
- Sotero Garcia
- Romualdo T. de Jesus
- Ciriaco Gaudinez
- Felix Pardo de Tavera
- Ciriaco Arevalo
- Marcelo Adonay
- Simplicio Solis
- Julian Felipe
- Julio Nakpil
- Dolores Paterno
- Decreed by Gov. Narciso Claveria in 1849
- Based on compiled names of saints, indigenous and Chinese patronymics, flora and fauna, geographical names, and the arts
- Filipinos were obligated to adopt surnames like Rizal, Del Pilar or Luna althugh some ndigenous surnames like Mabini, Malantic, Dandan and Paganiban, were retained
- Catagalogo alfabetico de apellidos contained some derogatory names like “Utut”, “Ung-goy”, and even “Casillas”
- bahay na bato with a wide azotea (batalan in original), retaining the banguerahan and providing an aljibe or a well for water – supply
- Spanish indigenized dishes like adobo, menudo, sarciado, puchero or mechado and the Chinise – derived noodle preparations Filipinized into pancit malabon and pancit luglog
- kanggan and bahag to barong tagalog or camisa chino
- putong to hats
- Shoes and slippers as part of men’s fashion
- Baro and saya for women developed into mestiza dress
- Jewelry and ornaments, gold and tortoise peineta, earrings of different sizes and shapes
- dasal from rezar
- Dalandan from naraja
- Sinigwelas from ciruela
- Camarin from camalig
- Carinderia from karihan
- Molave from mulawin
- Compadrazgo (ritual co – parenthood) came with baptism and marriages
- Magellan served as Humabon’s padrino, and Legazpi stood as Rajah Tupa’s godfather
- Intermarriages which resulted in mixed blood or mestizos (1883)
- La Funeraria, the first Philippine funeral parlor was established by Carlos March in Manila which advertised European – made coffins, embalming, “French – style packing,” tombstones, and guaranteed “permanent service”
- Fiestas honoring the saints
- Fiestas during Holy Week, on Corpus Christi, and the feast day of the patron saint
- Pomp and pageantry of the religious processions
- Exotic Hispanic dances and music
- Religious dramas of the sinakulo and the komedya or moro – moro
- Cofadias and sodalities of the Filipino laymen and laywomen honoring the Virgin Mary
· Compañia de los Tranvias de Filipinas
· Puente Colgante
· Cable linking
· Public lighting system (using coconut oil)
· La Electricista de Manila
- Exempted from forced labor during the colonial period
- Were allowed to vote, be elected to public office and be addressed by the title: Don or Doña
- Given certain roles in the Church, such as assisting the priest in pastoral and religious activities
"Costume of a family belonging to Principalía during the 19th century. Picture taken from the exhibit in Villa Escudero Museum in San Pablo Laguna, Philippines."
· Ilustrados- (Spanish for "erudite," "learned," or "enlightened ones"). constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century
- They were the middle class who were educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals.
- Composed of native-born intellectuals and cut across ethnolinguistic and racial lines
2. Insulares, Spaniards born in Spain who took important positions in the Spanish government in the Philippines.
3. Mestizos, Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino (Austronesian people/Malay/Malayo-Polynesian), or European or Chinese ancestry.
4. Peninsulares, Spaniards who are born in Spain
· Formal educational system.
· The Religious congregations paved the way in establishing schools from the primary level to the tertiary level of education.
· The schools focused on the Christian Doctrines.
· There was a separate school for boys and girls.
· The wealthy Filipinos or the Ilustrados were accommodated in the schools.
· Colonial education brought more non-beneficial effects to the Filipinos.
Educational Decree 1863
1. The first educational system for students in the country was established by virtue of the Education Decree of 1863.
2. The decree required the government to provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town.
3. Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students. It was during this time when the intellectual Filipinos emerged.
4. The Normal School was also established which gave men the opportunity to study a three-year teacher education for the primary level.
5. The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times. They owned different schools, ranging from the primary level to the tertiary levels of education.
6. The missionaries took charge in teaching, controlling and maintaining the rules and regulations imposed to the students. These missionaries emphasized the teachings of the Catholic religion starting from the primary level to the tertiary level of education. The students in the primary level were taught the Christian Doctrines, the reading of Spanish books and a little of the natives' language. Science and Mathematics were not very much taught to the students even in the universities. Aside from the Christian Doctrines taught, Latin was also taught to the students instead of Spanish.
7. The schools before were exclusive for the Spaniards. The Filipinos were only able to enter the schoo1 in the late 19th century. The schools also limited their accommodations to the sons of wealthy Filipino families in 1863.Although the schools were already open for Filipinos, the friars still believed that the Filipinos would not be able to match their skills and that the only way for the Filipinos to learn fast was to impose upon them strict discipline which means applying corporal punishment.
Schools Built By the Spaniards
· The schools for boys and girls were separated.
Schools for Boys
· The first established schools were exclusive for the boys.
· The Augustinians built the first school in the Philippines situated in Cebu in 1565.
· College was equivalent to a university during the Spanish regime. The student graduated with the degree in Bachelor of Arts (Bachiller en Artes).
· The first college school for the boys was the "Colegio de San Ignacio" which was established by the Jesuits in Manila in 1589.
· They also established the "Colegio de San Idelfonso" in Cebu in 1595.
· In 1601, "Colegio de San Jose" was established.
· In 1589, the "Escuela Pia" was entrusted by the government to the Jesuits. Later, this was called Ateneo de Municipal which is now the famous Ateneo de Manila University.
· The Dominicans also made a name as they established one of the best universities in the Philippines, the University of Santo Tomas, which was opened in 1611.
· In 1630, the Dominicans established another university, the "San Juan de Letran" for the orphaned boys.
Schools for Girls:
· "Colegio de Santa Potenciana" was the first school and college for girls. This was opened in 1589.
· Following the birth of the first school for women, Colegio de Santa Isabel opened in 1632.
· The religious congregations also established schools for the girls called "beaterio". The so-called "beaterio" was meant for orphaned girls who could not afford to educate themselves. The subjects taught were housekeeping, cooking, sewing and embroidery-making, and others intended for good housekeeping.
Effects of Colonial Education in the Philippines
· The effect of education to the Filipinos was only compelled to the friars' influences from their lessons based on the Christian Doctrines or teachings. Indeed, the friars were effective in evangelizing the Catholic religion to the Filipinos.
· One major failure of the educational system of the religious congregations was the withholding of the Filipinos to learn other bodies of knowledge. Besides limiting education to the teaching of Spanish, Latin, and the Filipino languages, the teaching of Religion was also given emphasis. Thus, the teaching of Mathematics and Science were neglected.
· In entirety, education during the Spanish regime was privileged only to Spanish students. The supposed Philippine education was only a means to remain in the Philippines as colonizers. For this reason, the Filipinos became followers to the Spaniards in their own country. Even auspicious Filipinos became cronies, to the extent that even their life styles were patterned from the Spaniards.
· Several educated Filipinos referred to as ilustrados began movements directed towards change in the system of government in the Philippines. Despite their wealth and education, the ilustrados were still considered by the Spaniards to be inferior. One of the goals of the ilustrado was to be in the same level with the proud Spaniards. The growing number of ilustrados in the Philippines maybe considered one of the major effects of education by the Spaniards in the Philippines.

domain: history


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I received my MSW from Arizona State University and specializes in psychotherapy with individuals and groups. As a Social Worker, I am interested in creating a partnership with my clients to help them address social and environmental issues while empowering them to utilize their strengths to address their unique life challenges. My approach combines methods derived from Cognitive-Behavioral, Rational-Emotive, Trauma-focused, Dialectical-Behavioral, and Attachment-Based Therapies. I am also interested in mindfulness and distress tolerance techniques. Prior to becoming a Licensed Certified Social Worker, I completed an internship at the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), helping empower adolescents and senior citizens coping with severe mental illnesses. In addition, I worked in a college counseling center, where I provided therapy to individuals, addressing issues including anxiety, depression, adjustment disorders, trauma, grief and loss, personality disorders, and drug addiction. My primary goal as a therapist is to foster a strong, therapeutic alliance with each of my clients to allow them to express themselves fully and grow as individuals.
Areas of Special Interest
Anxiety, Depression, relationships, grief and loss, adjustment disorders, PTSD, self-esteem, behavioral issues, Trauma, Addiction, sexual identity, and empowerment during elder years
Cognitive-Behavioral therapy, Rational-Emotive therapy, Trauma-informed therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Dialectical-Behavioral therapy, Attachment-Based therapy

domain: psychology


text:
Blue Ginger is an address of
note for gourmets of Vietnamese cuisine. The dishes there embrace both the
traditional character of Vietnamese food and the excellence of the culinary art.
"Good wine needs no bush." We
capture three of the special dishes Blue Ginger has to offer. The first two are
from the south and the third from the north. Try all the three and you have the
entire food tastes representative of Vietnam.
Lau hai san
The first, lau hai san (seafood
combination steamboat), is a favorite of almost all diners, especially Japanese.
In fact, lau hai san is so popular among Japanese tourists that "they will
protest if we don't include it in their menus at our restaurant," says Huynh
Hoang Oanh, Blue Ginger's manager.
A tasty combination of shrimp,
squid, fish, beef, mushroom, tofu and vegetables-boiled in stock-is enhanced by
the golden Chinese vermicelli. What characterizes Blue Ginger's lau hai san is
the kind of hotpot used. Charcoal is burnt inside the hotpot. There is also a
high "chimney" that keeps the heat inside and stops it getting in the face of
Diners can enjoy lau hai san at
Blue Ginger with three of their senses-eyes, nose and mouth-all of which help
display the subtlety of Vietnamese cuisine
Goi ngo sen
Although goi ngo sen (lotus stem
salad with shrimp and pork) is a popular dish, you'll find the goi ngo sen at
Blue Ginger of a different category.
Its secret lies with the
selection of ingredients, and fresh shrimp and pork. Only young lotus stems are
used. Therefore, instead of cutting stem sections into long pieces, Blue Ginger
uses entire sections.
There's another secret: fish
sauce. If you have never tried fish sauce, goi ngo sen offers a golden chance.
Western diners are the most
ardent lovers of Blue Ginger's goi ngo sen.

domain: food


India Realising Importance Of Women In Sports: Sravya Shivani
At the age of six, young Sravya Shivani Chilakalapudi was introduced to the sport of tennis. But with her education becoming a priority, the Hyderabad athlete had had to wait 10 more years to turn professional. Currently pursuing her Masters in Psychology Hons. from the Jain University, Bangalore, Sravya has become a known name in Indian tennis, having recently won the ITF W15 Women’s Double Tournament along with Celine Simunyu in Nairobi.
Sravya, who is competing in the Pro Tennis League Season 4 at the Delhi Lawn Tennis Association (DLTA) in New Delhi, said that she is thankful to her parents for supporting her sporting career.
“It was very important for me to have the balance of education and sports, especially coming from an Indian family background. But I am thankful to my parents for being quite open-minded. They were able to support me, fund me, and helped in becoming a professional athlete,” the 22-year-old, who is playing for Lucknow Aviators in PTL 4 said.
Despite still being a young player, Sravya is a part of the ITF’s World Women’s Tennis Player Panel representing Asia/Oceania and has been quite vocal about the participation and rights of women’s tennis players in Asia.
“On the women’s tour, there are not enough mentors because it is such a competitive field. We are all so busy that no one really has time. Asia has really little representation on the Women’s panel as it is dominated by Europeans. I wanted to be someone who brings Asia to light, as we are equally talented and deserve equal opportunities,” Sravya said.
She further went on to explain the importance of having a younger athlete as part of the panel. “Sports is a vicious cycle, as you can make money after reaching the top, but you need to invest money to reach the top. A young athlete’s struggles are very different from those of senior ones. Hence, to make our voices heard, it is important for young players to use all the platforms where we can make our voices heard.”
Growing up, Sravya was inspired by women athletes from Hyderabad, such as Sania Nehwal, PV Sindhu, and Sania Mirza, who all have won numerous accolades for India. She believes that because of the efforts of such women heroes in sports, India has started realizing the importance of female athletes in the country.
“Especially, in the recent Olympics, the women’s athletes put up a great show. I think that the world, especially India, is realizing the importance of women in sports and are understanding that they deserve as much as men are getting,” she said.
Apart from 24 Pro Men’s players, 8 Pro Women’s players and 8 Junior Women’s players are also competing in the ongoing Pro Tennis League 4. While Sravya wishes for more participation for women, she believes leagues such as these will help in the growth of young women tennis players in India.
“I would like to see more opportunities for girls as well. We are the best of the best right now. Because with leagues such as these, the junior girls are getting to learn a lot from pro players. There are not many opportunities where junior players get to interact with us or we get to interact with them or with the men’s players as well. So, this format is unique and very helpful and I am grateful to be a part of this,” she said.
On being asked about the future of women’s sports in India in the coming years, Sravya said that the parents are now empowering their girl child to pick up professional sports.
“I feel like being a woman is not a disadvantage. It is a privilege. I see a lot of parents caring a lot about their girl child and empowering them and it’s a very positive direction we are heading in,” she said.
“I would like to see a similar trend continue in the coming years. I would like to see a lot more unity among the women players because I feel, together, we will achieve our goals a lot faster than if we are pitted against each other. I really like that Pro Tennis League is giving players a chance to know each other and develop team spirit, which is not something we experience a lot on tours,” Sravya signed off. (ANI)
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With a mandatory average conservation rate of 25 percent beginning this month for all state residents, the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) announced that Californians in cities and towns increased their water conservation to 13.5 percent in April.
In addition, nearly 400 water suppliers responded to a first-ever enforcement report, indicating a high level of local activity to respond to reports of leaks and suspected water wasting.
“We hope the improved conservation rate for April shows that residents and businesses stepped up to begin to meet the call for greater conservation in the face of this historic and ongoing drought,” said State Water Board Chair Felicia Marcus. “While these results are a step in the right direction, there are still too many lush landscapes where irrigation must be reduced to meet the 25 percent statewide reduction mandate. We see conservation gains in all regions of the state, but we don’t know whether it was because of cooler weather or concerted action. In particular, the South Coast demonstrated significant improvement, but the real test will be what happens as we move into the hot and dry summer months, when we need to keep the sprinklers off as much as possible.
In the most recent survey of nearly 400 urban water suppliers, the amount of water saved by the state’s large urban water agency customers statewide increased from 3.9 percent in March to approximately 13.5 percent in April, in same month water use comparisons of 2015 to 2013. The year 2013 serves as a baseline to determine water savings statewide since the 2014 emergency water conservation regulations have been in effect. The cumulative statewide percent reduction for June 2014-April 2015 (11 months) is 9 percent.
The regulation adopted by the State Water Board on May 5 uses a sliding scale, so that communities that have been conserving water will have lower mandates than those that have not conserved this past year and/or over the last decades since the last major drought. The regulation places each urban water supplier into one of eight tiers which are assigned a conservation standard, ranging between 8 percent and 36 percent.
The State Water Board is currently reviewing new data submitted by over 200 urban water suppliers. The revised data, if accepted, will change the conservation standard for some water suppliers. The Board expects to publish the final conservation standards for all 411 urban water suppliers by the end of the week.
Each month, the State Water Board will compare every urban water suppliers’ water use with their use for the same month in 2013 to determine if they are on track for meeting their conservation standard. Local water agencies will determine the most cost effective and locally appropriate way to achieve their standard. The State Water Board will be working closely with water suppliers to implement the regulations and improve local efforts that are falling short.
“Whether 12, 24, or 36 percent, these reductions are achievable if we reduce our outdoor irrigation, fix our leaks, and think about our water use every day,” said Marcus. “We know that when people pay attention to their water use they can make significant reductions, so we need everyone to make conservation a part of their summer routine. A quarter of water suppliers statewide still allow 7 days a week watering, which is not sending the right message when on average 50 percent and in some cases 80 percent of urban water use is on outdoor landscapes. This summer, watering lawns should be the exception rather than the rule, while we reserve our precious landscape water for trees.”
In March, the State Water Board renewed an emergency regulation, first adopted in July 2014, which require water districts to report water use every month to the State Water Board. The renewed emergency regulations monthly reporting requirements were expanded to include the limit on days for outdoor irrigation and a description of compliance and enforcement efforts. Based on the first full month of enforcement and compliance, in April (395 urban water suppliers reporting):
22,674 water waste complaints were submitted to 325 suppliers statewide;
22,173 formal warnings were issued for water waste by 260 suppliers statewide;
838 penalties were issued by 43 suppliers statewide;
12 (3%) suppliers reported that mandatory restrictions are not in place;
97 (25%) suppliers reported no restrictions on the number of days per week outdoor irrigation is allowed
Monthy residential water savings statewide were 13.5 percent in April compared with April 2013. That is up from the 3.9 percent water savings in March compared with March 2013. Broken down by hydrologic region, the results show that all parts of the state showed savings improvements compared to March.
– State Water Resources Control Board


Tuesday Night: A few t-showers are possible during the night. Partly ... More...
Hackanooga 2012: Ignite Chattanooga Hack Days Aims to Build Apps of the Future
Hackanooga 2012, Chattanooga’s first-ever hackathon, kicks off Sept. 14. Presented by U.S. Ignite and Mozilla, and sponsored by EPB, Chattanooga Area Chamber of Commerce, the National Science Foundation , CO.LAB, Lamp Post Group and Easy Designs, the 48-hour event will connect experienced web developers to Chattanooga’s unique one-gigabit-per-second Internet speed.
Hailing from across the nation and overseas, 80 hackers will form teams and leverage the power of the Gig to prototype apps that require high bandwidth or use big data. Potential projects have been identified in areas such as education, clean energy, healthcare and public safety.
“We are very excited to work with the Chattanooga community – experimenting, hacking and tinkering on the city's leading-edge gigabit network,” said Ben Moskowitz, Media Program Officer for Mozilla. “We're proud to be part of the effort to create new public benefit applications with transformative potential. The work we do here will hopefully provide roadmaps and building blocks for those future apps.”
In June, Chattanooga teamed up with U.S. Ignite, a federally funded, public-private initiative that promotes the development of apps and services for ultra-fast broadband networks. As part of the initiative, Mozilla and the National Science Foundation are hosting Mozilla Ignite, an open innovation challenge, with the goal of building apps that demonstrate the full potential of next-generation networks.
Ideas generated during Hackanooga could evolve into submissions for the Mozilla Ignite challenge, which offers $485,000 in awards as well as mentorship opportunities to help get apps off the ground.
“That’s one of the main purposes,” said Kelly McCarthy, Hackanooga organizer and Co-owner of Easy Designs. “Our hope is that people will make something that’s truly innovative and submit it to the competition.”
In the past several weeks, Hackanooga has partnered with Chattanooga organizations to come up with some big ideas that the hackers can use as a starting point. Potential projects also were born out of the Gigabit Apps Design Jam, a community-wide brainstorm session that took place in August at CO.LAB.
Some of the suggested apps are Chattanooga-focused, such as the “City Budget Visualizer.” The app would use advanced algorithms to help politicians – and citizens – visualize how particular budget choices affect Chattanooga’s taxes, services and infrastructure over a period of time. If viable, it could have implications far beyond the Gig City.
Other ideas include a system for improved medical self-monitoring, as well as an advanced, multi-media auction site – a new spin on eBay-like forums that would utilize video, sound, 3-D renderings and playable demos.
“Hackanooga further builds Chattanooga’s position as an emerging tech hub,” said J.Ed. Marston of the Chattanooga Chamber. “When combined with Chattanooga’s community-wide gig network, events like Hackanooga provide another compelling reason for talented developers to start taking a serious look at Chattanooga.”
More Business News
Last Update on September 02, 2014 17:28 GMT
WASHINGTON (AP) -- U.S. manufacturing grew in August at the strongest pace in more than three years as factories cranked out more goods and new orders rose.
The Institute for Supply Management, a trade group of purchasing managers, says its manufacturing index rose to 59 from 57.1 in July. Anything above 50 signals that manufacturing is growing.
A gauge of production rose to the highest level in four years, and a measure of new orders jumped to its highest in 10 years. That suggests that the sector should continue to grow in the coming months.
WASHINGTON (AP) -- U.S. construction spending staged a strong rebound in July, rising by the largest amount in more than two years. All major categories of construction showed gains in an encouraging sign that spending on building projects will help boost the economy in the second half of this year.
The Commerce Department says construction spending rose 1.8 percent in July, the biggest one-month gain since May 2012. It followed a 0.9 percent decline in June, the largest setback in a year. That decline had been blamed in part on soggy weather which depressed construction activity in many parts of the country.
The July rebound pushed total construction to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $981.3 billion, the highest level since December 2008. Spending on housing, non-residential and government projects all increased.
WASHINGTON (AP) -- U.S. home prices rose in July but at a slower rate compared with earlier this year.
Real estate data provider CoreLogic says prices rose 7.4 percent in July from July 2013. That was slightly below June's year-over-year increase of 7.5 percent.
Prices rose 1.2 percent in July from June.
The smaller price gains should make homes more affordable and support sales. The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate was 4.1 percent last week, the lowest in a year. And the number of available homes rose 3.5 percent in July to the most in nearly two years. A greater supply tends to limit the bidding wars that inflate prices.
BRUSSELS (AP) -- The International Monetary Fund says Ukraine will need billions of dollars in additional support if the fighting between the military and Russian-backed separatists in the country's east persists.
In its first in-depth assessment since granting the country a $17 billion bailout program in March, the IMF said Tuesday "risks loom large" for the country's economy.
It says the bailout program already faces a $3.5-billion funding shortfall through 2015, with the economy forecast to shrink by 6.5 percent this year. Analysts say Ukraine's gross domestic product might tumble even more.
It says if the fighting in the eastern region -- representing about 16 percent of Ukraine's GDP -- were to persist through next year, Kiev would likely need additional support worth $19 billion only to shore up its central bank reserves.
NEW NATURAL GAS PIPELINE
NEW YORK (AP) -- Dominion Resources, Duke Energy and other partners have proposed building a $5 billion natural gas pipeline to connect the Southeast with the prodigious supplies of natural gas being produced in Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia.
Gas is being relied upon to generate more of the nation's electricity in recent years because the enormous new domestic supplies have drastically lowered its price and it burns cleaner than the nation's other most important fuel for electric power, coal.
The 550-mile project will begin in Harrison County, West Virginia and stretch to Robeson County, North Carolina, in the southern part of the state.
The partners, which included Piedmont Natural Gas and AGL Resources, expect to receive regulatory approval by mid-2016 and to start operating the pipeline in 2018.
HOUSTON (AP) -- Halliburton says it has agreed to pay $1.1 billion to settle a substantial portion of plaintiff claims arising from the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill.
The settlement, which is subject to court approval, will be paid into a trust until appeals are resolved over the next two years.
Halliburton was BP PLC's cement contractor on the drilling rig that exploded in the Gulf in April 2010, killing 11 workers and triggering the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history.
The deal will settle claims assigned to Halliburton as a result of BP's settlement in 2012 and punitive damages from the loss of property or commercial fishing activity resulting from the oil spill.
DOLLAR GENERAL-FAMILY DOLLAR
GOODLETTSVILLE, Tenn. (AP) -- Dollar General is boosting its bid for rival Family Dollar to approximately $9.1 billion and says it's now willing to more than double the number of stores it would shed to avoid trouble with regulators.
The newest bid from Dollar General is worth $80 per share, up from $78.50. Dollar General's previous bid, worth nearly $9 billion, was rejected by Family Dollar in favor of an offer of about $8.5 billion from Dollar Tree Inc.
Dollar General Corp. says it will now divest 1,500 stores to steer clear of antitrust issues. It previously said it would divest up to 700 stores. The Goodlettsville, Tennessee company has also agreed to pay a $500 million reverse break-up fee to Family Dollar Stores Inc. if the deal runs into antitrust roadblocks.
UNDATED (AP) -- Private equity firm Thoma Bravo is spending about $2.5 billion to buy Compuware and take the software developer private.
The companies say Compuware stock owners will receive about $10.92 for each share they own. That price includes mostly cash and some stock from Compuware spin-off Covisint.
It represents a premium of about 17 percent to the Detroit company's Friday closing price.
Compuware says its board unanimously approved the deal and recommends shareholders vote for it as well. Activist investor Elliott Management has already agreed to vote in favor of the deal. Elliott holds more than a 9 percent stake in Compuware Corp. and tried to acquire the company last year.
Thoma Bravo and Compuware expect the deal to close early next year.
Shares of Compuware are soaring in morning trading.
NORWEGIAN CRUISE LINE-PRESTIGE-ACQUISITION
NEW YORK (AP) -- Norwegian Cruise Line is getting into the luxury cruise business by acquiring Prestige Cruises International in a deal worth about $3 billion.
Prestige operates high-end cruise lines Oceania Cruises and Regent Seven Seas Cruises.
Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd., based in Miami, values the deal at $3.025 billion, when debt is included. Its shares are up more than 10 percent today.
Prestige is owned by the private equity firm Apollo Global management LLC, which also owns a large stake in Norwegian.
The deal is expected to close in the fourth quarter.
1-800-FLOWERS-HARRY & DAVID
1-800-FLOWERS buying Harry & David for $142.5M
CARLE PLACE, N.Y. (AP) -- 1-800-FLOWERS.COM Inc. is buying Harry & David for $142.5 million to help broaden the assortment of foods that its customers can choose as gifts.
The deal includes Harry & David Holdings Inc.'s brands, websites, 47 retail stores, some plants, orchards and its headquarters in Medford, Oregon.
Harry & David's fruit, food and other gifts are housed under brands including Wolferman's, Cushman's and its namesake. Products include Royal Riviera pears, Wolferman's specialty English muffins and Cushman's HoneyBells citrus gifts.
1-800-FLOWERS' brands already include Fannie May, Cheryl's and The Popcorn Factory.
The transaction is expected to close in October.
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Northern Lights Featured in
Svalbard residents are lucky to indulge in a magical experience called the aurora borealis more often than anybody else in any inhabited place in the world. This is also one of the few areas on the planet where you can watch the northern lights in the daytime during polar nights!
Northern lights have enchanted people throughout entire history and have always been the subject of legends and myths. It was once considered to be a messenger of disaster, war, or a sign of deceased ancestors. This natural phenomenon, caused by strong solar winds, attracts thousands of tourists and photographers to the Arctic regions. You can witness this magic during the Polar Night. The magnetizing light dancing above the archipelago creates an exceptional atmosphere.
The best time to see northern lights
The most important thing about observing aurora borealis is being in the right place at the right time. Darkness, clear skies and intense solar activity are the most favorable conditions. These factors are especially present in Spitzbergen, where aurora appears from mid-September until March.
Your best chances of witnessing aurora borealis are during the darkest period from late October to February. At this time, there is no daylight at all, only a bit of twilight for daytime activities. October in Svalbard is also the time when accommodation becomes substantially cheaper.
Northern lights tours
Once you are in Longyearbyen, the capital of Svalbard, you can just hop on a northern lights bus that will take you away from light pollution into the Arctic night. The tour usually lasts for three hours. More interesting options include spending the night at Trapper's Cabin, outside Longyearbyen, which will give you more time to photograph the phenomenon and enjoy the silent beauty of the place. You can also explore Longyearbyen vicinity on snowshoes, dogsled, or snowmobile.
Dog-sledding and hiking
Advent Valley, a 19-mi (30-km) river valley surrounded by picturesque mountains on Spitsbergen, as well as Bolterdalen, located in 7 mi (12 km) outside Longyearbyen, are the main locations where you can experience dog-sled riding along with northern lights watching. You can start your adventure at Green Dog, near Longyearbyen. From there, you can explore ice caves, go on a hike, and even see polar bears.
Northern lights cruises
To see aurora borealis from a boat is a special experience. Try The Northern Lights cruise towards the ghost town Pyramiden that will take you through picturesque fjords. The boat leaves from Longyearbyen, and the trip lasts for about three hours.


With the railway authorities yet to determine the fate of 10 locomotives that a South Korean company supplied breaching contract, the project authority has sought one-year extension of deadline.
The authority also sought one-year extension of loan period to Asian Development Bank, the financer of the project, officials said.
Both the deadlines will expire next month. If the authority accepts the appeals, the deadline of the Tk 733.60-crore project would be extended for third time, they said.
The government took the project in 2015 to procure 10 locomotives, four relief cranes and two locomotive simulators, with a project deadline of June 2019.
The authorities have already collected the relief cranes and simulators but problem arose over the procurement of locomotives from Hyundai Rotem Company (HRC).
The metre-gauge diesel electric locomotives — worth around Tk 300 crore — arrived at a railways workshop in Chattogram’s Pahartoli after they were unloaded at the Chattogram port in September last year.
But, in its report, a BR commissioning committee said the technical specifications of four key components — engines, alternators, compressors, and traction motors — of the supplied locomotives did not match the specifications mentioned in the agreement.
The project authority also halted 65 percent of the payment for the locomotives and the railways minister in October last year ordered an investigation into the matter.
A probe committee, led by Md Farukuzzaman — additional secretary of the ministry — recommended actions against Hyundai for supplying locomotives in deviation from the contract and CCIC Singapore Pte Ltd, which BR employed forpre-shipment inspection, for failing to carry out its duties.
The probe committee report shows that Hyundai supplied alternator model TA9-12CA9SE, but the agreement sought alternator model TA12-CA9. The two models are different in terms of power output, some BR officials said.
The then project director not only halted Hyundai’s payment but also raised allegations against “some senior BR officials” of joining hands in an unethical activity to release the fund.
The immediate past DG, Nur Ahmed Hossain, was changed on March 31 and posted under a junior in his BCS batch.
BR last month started using the 10 locomotives “on trial basis until further notice”; the trial run is still going on.
Besides, a technical committee, which has been assigned to determine whether the engines can be used for railway operations, did not give its report yet.
“So, we could not take any decision about making payment to Hyundai,” project director (PD) Mohammad Hassan Mansur told The Daily Star yesterday.
Besides, the company, as per the contract, has to provide training to BR staffers and supply some spare parts but could not provide those due to the Covid-19 situation, he said.
“So we have sought one more year time without cost escalation,” he said.
The project authority sent their revision proposal to the Railways Ministry via BR on May 18, sources said.
They also sent another letter to the ministry on May 20 seeking extension of loan period for one year, they said.
WHAT INCUMBENT PD SAYS
Incumbent PD Hassan Mansur said although the overall performance of the locomotives is “quite good”, adding that those sat idle for over six months due to a “minor fault”.
“They [Hyundai] did not give alternators as per the contract, so we have asked them to change the alternators,” he said.
Replying to another question, he said they have changed the alternators for design adaptation.
“If they do not change the alternators, we will cut money from their due payment,” he said adding that they have sent a letter to Hyundai on April 25, giving them two months’ time.
“As they yet to reply, we gave them a reminder today,” Hassan said yesterday.
About other equipment in question, he said there are no problem in engines, traction motors and others; the project authority was aware about the changes in those equipment.
“However, we will take further decision following the decision of the technical committee,” he said.
The technical committee led by Chief Mechanical Engineer (East) of BR yet to submit its report, Hassan said. End …


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ISLAMABAD: The Supreme Court on Tuesday directed the Ministry of Climate Change to submit a detailed report on the 10 Billion Tree Tsunami project.
A two-member SC bench comprising Chief Justice of Pakistan Gulzar Ahmed and Justice Ijazul Ahsan heard the case regarding tree plantation along rivers and canals in which it took notice of the project and summoned the Secretary Climate Change.
During the course of proceedings, the Chief Justice remarked that no tree was planted anywhere in the country and asked the officials concerned to submit a report about the 10 Billion Tree Tsunami.
The Secretary Climate Change said work on the 10 Billion Tree Tsunami began last year. Around 430 million trees had been planted across the country on one million hectares. The Federal Government had a 50% partnership with the provinces in the project, he added.
The CJP questioned as to where 430 million trees were planted. He asked the Ministry of Climate Change to submit a report on the expenditure incurred on the project.
The court directed the ministry to submit details that where the trees were planted and who verified their plantation. It also sought satellite images of the 10 Billion Tree Tsunami project.
Justice Ijaz asked the ministry to submit a report as to how 430 million trees were procured and how they were taken care of.
The Chief Justice said magistrates would be sent across the country to investigate the planting of 430 million trees.
He said no tree was planted on the Srinagar Highway and the Express Highway in Islamabad. There were random dwarf and crooked trees, he added.
He said many beautiful plants were planted along the roadsides all over the world but in Pakistan roads were built in forests.
He said some 500,000 trees were planted in Islamabad but their detail was not provided.
Justice Ijaz said the chemical treatment of termite infested trees had not been done since 2018.
The Director General Environment said trees had been planted at various places including Bani Gala.
The Chief Justice said hundreds of thousands trees were cut down in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Naran and Kaghan had become garbage sites and there were no trees there, he added.
The entire staff of KP Forest Department was not working properly, he observed.
The CJP said there were no trees anywhere including Nathia Gali, Malam Jabba and Murree. He also asked about the fate of KP’s Billion Tree Tsunami,
The Advocate General KP said around 7.3 million trees had been planted in the province and there was plan to plant 39 million more saplings.
The Additional Advocate General Balochistan said trees could not be planted in the province nowadays.
The Chief Justice said the Koh-e-Murdar in Quetta should be revived by planting trees.
The AAG Balochistan replied that trees could not be planted on the mountains of Murdar. The CJP, however, observed that the trees could be planted everywhere if they were taken care of.
The Punjab Forest Secretary said trees were being planted on 25,000 kanals of land along canals in the province.
The Chief Justice said there was no use of the report submitted by the Punjab Government today and issued a contempt notice.
The court also expressed annoyance over non-submission of the report by the Sindh Government.
The Forest Secretary Sindh said about 382,000 trees had been planted along rivers and canals.
The Chief Justice expressed annoyance over the officials, observing that they came to attend proceedings without any preparation like primary schoolchildren. The officials would go to jail, he added.
He said there were no trees along the rivers from Islamabad to Karachi.
The court ordered planting of trees along rivers, canals, lakes and highways in Sindh. It also contempt notices to the absent officers, including the Secretary Forest Sindh.
The Chief Justice observed that the Sindh Government did not submit any report regarding the tree plantation and construction of Nai Ganj dam.
The Secretary Forest Sindh said the department had submitted a detailed report today.
The court sought a report from the Secretary Forests and Irrigation within two weeks.
The court also stopped construction on Kallar Kahar mountains. No construction should be done in Kallar Kahar, including housing societies, it added.
The court directed the Punjab Government to plant trees on the hills of Kallar Kahar. There would be no construction on all private and public areas in Kallar Kahar, it added.
The Capital Development Authority’s (CDA) Climate Director told the court that no funds had been released to them for the last two years.
Earlier, the Federal Government had submitted a report, stating it had allocated more than Rs125 billion for the “Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Programme”. In the first phase that would last for four years, some 3.29 billion saplings would be planted, it added.
According to the plan set by the government, Rs 109.38 billion would be spent on the forest development and the provinces would fund the massive project with more than Rs38 billion.
Importantly, to preserve the forest life, Rs15.59 billion would be granted, and separately, Rs 210 million would be fixed for the payment of the ‘Green Pakistan Programme,’ it added.
Under the Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Programme, Rs 26 billion and Rs 27 billion would be used in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces, respectively.
Another Rs16 billion would be spent on the project in Balochistan. In Sindh, Rs 5 billion would be used for tackling the affects of climate change.
A massive share of Rs33 billion would be granted to the programme in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan.
The case was adjourned for a month.


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- Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities
Beautiful view and super comfortable beds! The staff was very accommodating and Sunday brunch was awesome.
Your dates need to occur after 2020-01-29. Try updating your dates to see prices for your trip.
Located in Newport Beach, Balboa Bay Resort is in the business district and on the waterfront. Newport Pier and Balboa Pier are worth checking out if an activity is on the agenda, while those wishing to experience the area's natural beauty can explore Huntington State Beach and Corona del Mar State Beach. Consider The Observatory for a night out, and don't miss Santa Ana Zoo, a top local attraction.
Very nice resort! I was just bummed to be facing the street! 😢

domain: geography