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Changes in cytokine production in healthy subjects practicing Guolin Qigong : a pilot study
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine volume 1, Article number: 8 (2001)
Guolin Qigong is a combination of meditation, controlled breathing and physical movement designed to control the vital energy (qi) of the body and consequently to improve spiritual, physical and mental health. Practice of Qigong has been reported to alter immunological function, but there have been few studies of its effects on cytokines, the key regulators of immunity.
Numbers of peripheral blood cytokine-secreting cells were determined by ELISPOT in 19 healthy volunteers aged 27 – 55, before they were taught the practice of Qigong and after 3, 7 and 14 weeks of daily practice. The effect of Qigong on blood cortisol was also examined.
Numbers of IL4 and IL12-secreting cells remained stable. IL6 increased at 7 weeks and TNFα increased in unstimulated cultures at 3 and 7 weeks but decreased at these times in LPS and SAC-stimulated cultures. Of particular interest, IFNγ-secreting cells increased and IL10-secreting cells decreased in PHA-stimulated cultures, resulting in significant increases in the IFNγ:IL10 ratio. Cortisol, a known inhibitor of type 1 cytokine production, was reduced by practicing Qigong.
These preliminary studies in healthy subjects, although not necessarily representative of a randomized healthy population and not including a separate control group, have indicated that blood levels of the stress-related hormone cortisol may be lowered by short-term practice of Qigong and that there are concomitant changes in numbers of cytokine-secreting cells. Further studies of the effect of Qigong in patients with clinical diseases known to be associated with type 2 cytokine predominance are merited.
Qigong is a combination of meditation, physical movements and controlled breathing. These exercises are designed to develop the skill of controlling qi, the vital energy of the body, and consequently to improve spiritual, physical and mental health. Adepts can reportedly use emitted qi to alter the performance of cells: "facilitating qi" increases cell growth while "inhibiting qi" suppresses growth of cultured tumour cells .
Guolin Qigong was introduced more than 50 years ago by Madam Guo, a long-term cancer survivor who developed a network of self-help groups throughout China and beyond. This form of Qigong, which is characterized by a slow walking exercise accompanied by arm movements coordinated with slight twisting movements of the waist, is said to be particularly helpful for cancer patients.
Among the organs apparently affected by qigong are brain, heart, kidney and the immune system, with benefits being reported in senility, hypertension, stroke, asthma, blood chemistry and cancer [2–6]. (See also http://www.goldenflower.org/reflib/articles/tc_as_treatment.shtml).
The reported benefits of Qigong could be mediated by effects on immunological function and various aspects of immune function could perhaps be influenced by qi energy. However, there have been only a few peer-reviewed publications describing alterations in immune system activity as a result of practicing Qigong. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses were faster, stronger and more numerous in a Qigong trained group than a normal healthy group . Patients with aplastic anaemia treated with Qigong showed significant improvement in CD4+:CD8+ T-cell ratio , which also increased in newly recruited Qigong trainees after 5 months of practice . CD4:CD8 T-cell ratios and NK-cell activity tended to increase during a single 40-minute session of Qigong . Various non-reviewed studies have described increased lymphocyte, neutrophil and natural killer (NK) cell functions in subjects practicing Qigong [see Extension of Life: Documentation on the Effects of Chi Kong Qigong (Edited by Zhang RM) Renming Tin Yue Press, China 1995; and http://www.goldenflower.org/reflib/articles/tc_as_treatment.shtml]
Cytokines are highly labile effector glycoproteins which are crucially involved in afferent and efferent limbs of immune responses as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory regulators. Type 1 cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFNγ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL) 12, promote cell-mediated responses, while type 2 cytokines, including IL4, IL6 and IL10, are anti-inflammatory and favour humoral responses [11, 12]. Cell-mediated responses are important in protection against cancers, while overproduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines is potentially suppressive for anti-cancer immunity. The present pilot study was designed to investigate effects of Qigong on in vitro cytokine production in healthy volunteers and to determine whether further evaluation of its effects on the cytokine profiles of patients with cancer would be valuable. We measured production of the above 6 cytokines before Qigong training and for up to 14 weeks of performing the exercises. Significant increases in PHA-stimulated IFNγ:IL10 ratios were found, indicating a shift towards cytokines favoring cell-mediated immunity.
Subjects and evaluations
Nineteen healthy Chinese subjects aged 27 – 55 years (mean 43.9 ± 7.8), of whom 11 were females, were recruited by advertisement for first-time training in Guolin Qigong. One further volunteer was excluded on the grounds of ill-health. Each subject attended six 2-hour Qigong class in a two week period. They then practiced the exercises every day and kept diaries to record details. Ten subjects were still practicing Qigong at the end of the study period (14 weeks from starting training), while 9 ceased practice at 10 weeks. Blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol level and production of IFNγ, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL12 and TNFα were measured before training and after 3, 7 and 14 weeks. One subject was excluded from the main study because of respiratory infection at 3 weeks, but was included in the 14 week comparison of subjects who completed the study with those who stopped, as the infection had cleared at that time.
Numbers of cytokine-secreting cells (CK-SC) in unstimulated cultures or cultures stimulated with T-cell activators phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (Con A) or solid-phase anti-CD3, or monocyte activators E. coli lipopolyssacharide (LPS) or S. aureus Cowan I (SAC) were determined using ELISPOT assays [13, 14]. Details of our adaptation of this method and its specificity and reproducibility have been reported [15–17]. Briefly, heparinized blood was processed for cytokine evaluations within one hour of collection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were separated over Lymphoprep (Nycomed, Oslo, Norway) and added to 96-well Multiscreen plates (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) which had previously been coated with cytokine capture antibodies (Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA) and blocked with 5% fetal calf serum (FCS) in medium RPMI 1640. Duplicate cultures of 104 (for IL6 and TNFα) or 105 (for IFNγ, IL4, IL10 and IL12) cells/well in RPMI + 5% FCS with or without stimulators were incubated for 18–22 hours at 37°C in 5% CO2. Cells were then washed out and plates incubated sequentially with biotinylated detection anti-cytokine antibodies (Pharmingen), streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate-nitroblue tetrazolium (Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA, USA). Blue spots corresponding to each cytokine-SC were counted by microscopy with the aid of eyepiece graticules covering 1/8 or 1/72 of the culture well area. Results are expressed as CK-SC/106 PBM.
Prism version 2.0 software (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) was used to compare various parameters before and at 3, 7 and 14 weeks after starting training (paired t-test) and to compare results at 14 weeks for subjects who stopped performing Qigong at 10 weeks with those of subjects who continued beyond 14 weeks (unpaired t-test).
No significant changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure occurred over the study period, but pulse rate decreased from 76.3 ± 11.4 (mean ± SD) before training to 69.8 ± 9.4 at 3 weeks (p<0.05). However, values at 7 and 14 weeks (71.4 ± 9.5 and 74.3 ± 13.3 respectively) were not significantly different from baseline. Plasma cortisol levels at baseline were 394 ± 115 nmol/l and at 3, 7 and 14 weeks were 328 ± 126 (p < 0.05), 376 ± 109 (not significant) and 318 ± 110 (p < 0.05) respectively.
Numbers of PHA, anti-CD3 and Con A-stimulated IL4-SC (Fig. 1A) and unstimulated and PHA, anti-CD3 and SAC stimulated IL12-SC (Fig. 1B) remained stable before and after Qigong training. No IL4 (nor IFNγ)-SC were seen in unstimulated cultures, as observed previously [15–17].
IL6-SC were significantly increased after 7 weeks of exercising in unstimulated, PHA-stimulated and LPS-, but not SAC-, stimulated cultures and returned to baseline levels at week 14 (Fig. 2A). TNFα-SC were significantly increased at 3 and 7 weeks in unstimulated cultures and returned to near baseline at 14 weeks. There was no significant increase in TNFα-SC stimulated by T-cell or monocyte activators and in fact LPS and SAC-stimulated TNFα-SC were significantly reduced at 14 weeks compared to pretraining (Fig. 2B).
Reduction in IL6 and TNFα-SC between week 7 and week 14 could have been because approximately half of the subjects stopped exercising at 10 weeks. This was not so for IL6, since cytokine production was similar in those who continued and those who stopped performing Qigong (Fig. 3A). In contrast, stopping Qigong was associated with a significantly lower level of unstimulated and PHA-stimulated TNFα-SC than in those who continued (Fig. 3B).
IFNγ-SC were significantly increased in PHA-stimulated cultures at 3, 7 and 14 weeks. The more powerful IFNγ inducers Con A and anti-CD3 stimulated levels of cytokine production that were less influenced by practicing Qigong, only Con A-induced IFNγ-SC at 3 weeks being significantly higher than before training (Fig. 4A). IL10 production in unstimulated cultures increased significantly after 7 weeks of exercises but fell back to pretraining levels at 14 weeks. PHA, LPS and SAC-induced IL10-SC were similar to pretraining levels at weeks 3 and 7 and lower at week 14, with PHA-induced IL10-SC being significantly lower than before training (Fig. 4B). The ratio of IFNγ:IL10-SC in PHA-stimulated cultures was significantly higher at 3, 7 and 14 weeks than before training (Fig. 4C).
IFNγ-SC, IL10-SC and the ratio of PHA-stimulated IFNγ:IL10-SC at 14 weeks were not significantly different in subjects who stopped performing Qigong exercises at 10 weeks compared with those who continued beyond 14 weeks (Fig. 5).
Qigong has been practiced for over 3,000 years in China and evidence of its beneficial effects in maintaining and improving health has been presented, though largely in journals inaccessible to the West. Wider application of Qigong could possibly contribute to a healthier population less dependent on modem medicines, the cost of which is spiraling. If it were possible to identify the precise mechanisms by which Qigong achieves these supposed benefits, more focused application of the exercises and of qi energy could possibly result in generally acceptable therapies to supplement current practices.
The present study attempted to determine whether the key regulator molecules of the immune system, cytokines, are influenced by Qigong. I chose to evaluate cytokine production using ELISPOT assays because these measure actual secreted cytokine rather than intracytoplasmic protein (as measured by flow cytometry) or message (by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) and the problem of cytokine neutralization by concomitantly secreted antagonists or soluble receptors, which affects measurement of cytokines in culture supernatants, is avoided.
The ELISPOT assays established in our laboratory are sensitive, specific (no ELISPOTs develop when unmatched pairs of anti-cytokine antibodies are used for capture and detection) and reproducible, with intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) of 8.8 ± 5.8% for combined data for IFNγ, TNFα, IL4, IL6, IL10 and IL12 and all stimuli . Inter-assay variation is 13.2 ± 4.9%, reflecting considerable individual day-to-day variation, but when groups of subjects are evaluated at different time points, mean values vary by only 5.3 ± 3.8% . This is acceptable for studying effects of interventions in groups of subjects.
All recruited volunteers were normotensive before training and practicing Guolin Qigong for at least 10 weeks did not alter blood pressure greatly. Pulse rates were lower than baseline at 3 weeks but not at 7 or 14 weeks. Interestingly, reduction in cortisol levels was biphasic, with a return to pretraining levels at 7 weeks despite significant reductions at 3 and 14 weeks. There were no significant differences between cortisol levels in those who stopped exercising at 10 weeks and those who continued. It is possible that practicing Qigong improved the stress-coping skills of our volunteers and that this ability was retained even after exercising was discontinued. This possibility requires further study.
Previous studies have shown that in vitro production of IFNγ, IL12 and TNFα is suppressed by cortisol and that these cytokines are negatively correlated with plasma cortisol levels . Administration of cortisone acetate decreases the IFNγ:IL10 ratio by >70% . Improved coping with stress might therefore be expected to lower cortisol and favour type 1 over type 2 cytokine production. Our subjects had significantly increased IFNγ and reduced IL10-SC in PHA-stimulated cultures after practicing Qigong for as little as 3 weeks, with even greater increases at 14 weeks. This effect was still seen at 14 weeks in subjects who stopped exercising at 10 weeks.
However, polarization towards type 1 responses was not found with all in vitro stimuli. Increases in IFNγ production after Qigong training were less apparent when Con A or solid-phase anti-CD3 were used. IL10 production was increased rather than decreased at 7 weeks in unstimulated cultures and there was only a trend towards reduced LPS or SAC-induced IL10 at 14 weeks. Furthermore there were no noticeable effects of Qigong on IL12, the key inducer of IFNγ and type 1 cytokines , nor on IL4, the central player in type 2 responses .
Unstimulated and stimulated IL6-SC were significantly increased at 7 weeks, suggesting that a transient inflammatory event may have occurred at this time. Cortisol levels had risen from the reduced levels seen at 3 weeks and were to fall again at 14 weeks, which might indicate an increase in stress level of unknown causation at this time. However, DeRijk et al found that physiological increased levels of cortisol induced by strenuous exercise had no effect on LPS-induced IL6, and pharmacologically increased levels were suppressive.
TNFα-SC increased over baseline in unstimulated cultures at 3 and 7 weeks and fell back to normal at 14 weeks in subjects who stopped performing exercises at 10 weeks. There was a similar but not significant trend in PHA-stimulated cultures, whereas in cultures stimulated with monocyte activators TNFα levels were suppressed at 14 weeks even in subjects who stopped exercising at 10 weeks. Unlike IL6, TNFα is sensitive to suppression by physiologically-induced increases in cortisol  but our results suggest that if the changes in TNFα seen in this study were due to fluctuating cortisol levels then TNFα induction by T-cell activators and in vivo stimuli may be affected by cortisol in a different way to that induced by monocyte activators.
A balance between type 1 and type 2 cytokines is required for maintenance of health, a preponderance of the former being associated with certain organ-specific autoimmune diseases and of the latter with allergy, systemic autoimmunity and suppressed responses to viruses and cancer . Preliminary evidence from a small, non-randomized, uncontrolled study has been provided here that Guolin Qigong might alter cytokine production in healthy subjects in the direction of type 1 responses. There is no evidence at present to indicate whether this would be beneficial, leading to stronger protection against, for example, cancer and asthma; harmful, leading to later complications such as autoimmune disease; or without effect, due to the relatively minor changes induced. Further studies of the effects of Qigong, and of the various components of Qigong, on clinical, immunological and physiological parameters in various disease situations are, however, clearly merited.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/1/8/prepub
This study was initiated by Dr Vivian Wong, Hospital Chief Executive, Queen Mary Hospital, and was supported by the Li Ka Shing Foundation, Hong Kong. I am grateful to Dr Janette Kwok for translating and summarizing papers in Chinese, Ms Jacqueline Yuen, who organized and performed blood collection from volunteers, Dr Daniel Fong, who helped with statistical analyses, and Drs Jonathan Sham and Peter Lee for useful discussions.
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Jones, B.M. Changes in cytokine production in healthy subjects practicing Guolin Qigong : a pilot study. BMC Complement Altern Med 1, 8 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-1-8


text:
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domain: law


MIAMI (CBSMiami) – Expect to see more down-crossing gates and flashing lights along the Florida East Coast Railway tracks as Brightline tests their trains with the hopes of resuming service later this year.
Brightline is reminding drivers and pedestrians to not let their guards down around the tracks.READ MORE: Tropical Storm Warning Extended For Northern Gulf Coast Ahead Of Potential Tropical Cyclone Three
“It takes less than a minute for the gate arm to go down, for the train to go through and the gate arm to go up,” said Ali Soule, Brightline spokesperson. “A minute is not worth your life.”
Soule said South Florida also has quiet zones, which can give even less of a warning of an oncoming train.
“As the trains approaching a grade crossing, they don’t have to blow their horn, so just because you might not hear a train might not mean it’s not coming,” said Soule.
Brightline has been no stranger to crashes and deaths in the past.
In its first year of service in 2018, a man was killed when he went around the gates and tried to beat a Brightline train.
A camera on the train’s front end caught the crash in Boynton Beach.
Last year, a car was hit by a Brightline train in North Miami Beach where the driver was able to get out with seconds to spare.READ MORE: Miami-Dade, Broward County Public Schools To Continue Free Summer Food Distribution
A month later, a driver of an SUV was killed after being slammed into by a Brightline train in Pompano Beach.
Brightline said these types of incidents is what they want to avoid as trains reappear on the tracks.
An analysis by the Associated Press in 2019 found that Brightline had the worst death per-mile death rate of the nation’s 800+ railroads.
That analysis was published at the end of 2019, a couple months before service was brought to a screeching halt due to the pandemic.
“It’s like the fastest train I’ve ever seen in my life and the most killings from a train,” said Lameka Gordon, driver.
Drivers who frequently get caught by a passing Brightline train at Broward Blvd. near U.S. 1 say they’ve seen it all.
“Especially night-time, right around 6 or 7 o’clock when people are coming back and forth from work they go right underneath and lift the thing up,” said Joe McCarthy. “The gates are there for a reason.”MORE NEWS: 'We Need To Get To 70 Percent By July 4th': Miami-Dade Mayor Daniella Levine Cava Hopes To Meet Biden Admin. Goal
While passenger service hasn’t been running, Brightline has continued construction of the West Palm Beach to Orlando route.


text:
Silly Kingdom. Shaggy wrote it I drew it.
Last weekend my bro Shaggy and I scooted over to San Francisco to adventure about the city, gorge on great food, and to debut our newly printed comic "Silly Kingdom" at the Alternative Press Expo (or APE). We had a jolly good time and San Francisco was beautiful and super good to us, I cannot wait to go back for another visit!
Shaggy and Chloe
We shared a table with cartoonist Chloe Dalquist who was a pleasure to hang out with all weekend. Thanks so much to everyone who came by to say HELLO and pick up copies of Silly Kingdom! It was super awesome meeting and chatting with you all!
Thi and Jake
One of the highlights was hanging out with two of my amazing ACA Comic Camp pals Thi Bui and Jake Wyatt. Thi was promoting the second chapter of her graphic novel "The Best we could Do" and Jake was representing "The Anthology Project: Vol 2" with much charismatic ferocity (he sold out of most of the books on day 1). These two were such a joy to be around and there were plenty of good laughs and great times all weekend. Mega thanks to Thi for taking Shaggy and I into her home while we were in town (and thanks to her son Hein for giving up his bunk bed to two Canadian vagabonds and for being so cool with sharing his legos!)
All in all our first APE was a big success with lots of fun extras thrown in: naps in the park, checking out the giant back storerooms of the local comic shop, manga themed restaurants, a dueling piano bar, cutting the pre-party to go get tapas with Craig Thompson and friends, sushi burritos, chocolate pasta, discovering that oyster shooters can indeed get you drunk -scale of the fish, anyone?- and many more.
Here's to good friends, good food, good comics, making good comics and having tons of comical adventures, BAAHHNG!

domain: literature


A new version of the deployment script (2.1) is now available
Today, July 10, 2017, we released a new version of the Upgrade Readiness Deployment script. This article explains the changes to the new script. You can find the latest script and the Readme file that includes the details of these changes on the Microsoft Download Center.
Issue 1: Connectivity check to endpoints
We have made improvements to the script to make sure that the connectivity checks done by the script reflect the process used in the supported proxy scenarios.
Issue 2: Increased number of retries for the process that collects data
The CompatTelRunner process that collects data, runs as part of running the deployment script. Previous to this release, if the script identifies that the CompatTelRunner process is already running on the machine, it waits for one minute and tries to run the process again. Based on the data that we have received thus far, we are seeing many deployment scripts returning the error code (0x80070020) that indicates that the original CompatTelRunner process is still running. So, to account for this long running process, we have increased the number of retries to 30 giving the process 30 minutes to complete.
Issue 3: Collection of computer metadata for Windows 7 and Windows 8 machines
The scheduled task that collects the device metadata information was not always running on the machine. In order to make sure that the computer metadata information is collected, the deployment script runs the associated process on the machine as part of running the deployment script. In the previous release (1.9) we introduced this change for Windows 10 machines. In this release we are making the same changes to make sure that the computer metadata information is collected on the Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 machines.
If there are any issues you will see the following error codes:
51: devicecensus.exe failed with unexpected exception - If you see this error code, run the Device task in the Task Scheduler Library, under Microsoft->Windows->Device Information.
52: devicecensus.exe not found at path %windir%\System32 – If you see this error code, make sure that the file exists in the path specified.


Keeping America’s rapidly expanding economy humming along will require, among other things, a state-of-the-art energy infrastructure commensurate with the demands of technology-driven global competition. When we stand in our own way, we fall behind, to the delight of global rivals eager to take advantage of our self-inflicted wounds.
A development in Virginia, one with national implications, illustrates the clash between rising to the challenge and drowning in bureaucratic inertia. There, the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline (ACP), which would transport natural gas from the energy-rich Marcellus Shale in West Virginia through central Virginia before turning south into North Carolina, is set to begin construction. The project, a joint venture involving Dominion Energy, Duke Energy, Southern Company, and Piedmont Natural Gas, is targeted to be in service during the second half of 2019.
But the $5.1 billion, 600-mile project, after clearing a formidable gauntlet of federal and state regulatory hurdles, has run headlong into obstruction by an obscure body known as the Virginia State Water Control Board.
Multi-Layered Approval Process
As part of the federal and three-state approval process, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers spent a year reviewing all river and stream crossings under a regulatory framework approved by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality.
The Corps issued federal water quality permits for the ACP in January, but its action came a few weeks after Virginia’s State Water Control Board had thrown a monkey wrench into the process. In December, the board, by a 4-3 vote, approved a permit for the ACP but, in an unprecedented move, delayed certification of the permit until studies of the project’s effect on sediments, karst, and erosion had been completed. This came after the project had already been approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia Outdoors Foundation, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, and the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality.
Even though the Army Corps of Engineers had reviewed and approved the waterways crossings in question, the State Water Control Board’s demand for additional and redundant studies delayed the start of construction until this spring.
What’s more, the board on April 12 further undermined the established regulatory approval process by allowing a 30-day comment period on whether the approvals the Corps granted for individual stream crossings by the pipeline adequately protect Virginia’s waters. After the board has received and reviewed the public comments, there is nothing to keep it from coming up with new ways to subvert the established regulatory approval process.
Bait and Switch
Trust between regulators and developers is essential if infrastructure projects are to proceed in a timely and affordable manner. Creating regulatory uncertainty for all developers, not just for the Atlantic Coast Pipeline, will make it harder and costlier to build public infrastructure. This could establish a dangerous precedent in Virginia — and elsewhere — of approving a permit based on a clear regulatory framework and set of permitting requirements, and then threatening that permit months later by potentially revoking it and establishing a different regulatory framework and permit requirements.
Pipelines, like most energy projects, are inherently controversial and subject to vigorous public debate. But the approval process should proceed under the rule of law and not be undermined by regulators who willy-nilly replace an established regulatory framework with one more to their liking. The shenanigans in Virginia will be closely watched elsewhere in the country, where opponents of pipelines or other energy projects will be tempted to copy-cat the arbitrary moves of the Virginia State Water Board.
Bonner R. Cohen is a senior policy analyst with Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT), a non-profit promoting positive market-friendly solutions to environmental issues. He is also a senior fellow at the National Center for Public Policy Research, and serves as a Senior Policy Adviser for the Heartland Institute. Dr. Conner’s articles and commentary have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Investor’s Business Daily, New York Post, Washington Times, National Review, and dozens of other newspapers in the U.S. and Canada.
SCOOP: Trump’s EPA Will Axe Obama’s ‘De Facto Ban On New Coal Plants’
Former U.S. president Barack Obama speaks at a conference during his first visit to France since he left the White House, Paris, France December 2, 2017. The session, organized by an association called “Les Napoleons” is hosted by Orange CEO Stephane Richard. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier | EPA Will Dismantle This Obama Climate Reg
From The Daily Caller News Foundation
In the past, coal plant operators have called for higher emissions limits to allow the building of supercritical and ultra supercritical units. Only one ultra supercritical coal plant, the Turk power plant, is operating in the U.S.
“While no new standard is really necessary since U.S. coal plants already burn coal cleanly and safely, kudos to the Trump EPA for requiring only the best existing and affordable technology,” said Milloy, who served on President Donald Trump’s EPA transition team.
The Obama administration finalized the NSPS in 2015, which set limits on how much carbon dioxide new power plants could emit. Emission rates for coal plants were set so low new plants would have to install CCS technology.
When the EPA finalized NSPS in 2015, the coal industry said it would effectively kill coal-fired power in the U.S. because it mandated unproven technology. EPA and environmentalists argued CCS was a viable technology. “Highly efficient supercritical pulverized coal unit with partial carbon capture and storage” was the best way to meet emissions limits, EPA found.
“This final standard of performance for newly constructed fossil fuel-fired steam generating units provides a clear and achievable path forward for the construction of such sources while addressing GHG emissions and supporting technological innovation,” EPA wrote in its 2015 regulation.
There were no operating U.S. power plants with CCS when the Obama administration promulgated its rule. To get around that fact, EPA relied heavily on a Canadian government-backed project CCS called Boundary Dam.
However, Boundary Dam only retrofitted a single coal-fired unit with CCS — not an entire power plant. The project has captured more than 2 million metric tons of CO2, but it’s come at a steep price of nearly $1.2 billion.
The Obama EPA also cited U.S. projects in development to argue CCS was “technically feasible to implement at fossil fuel-fired steam generating units.” But all of those projects were government-funded, which GOP lawmakers argued violated the Environmental Policy Act of 2005.
For example, Southern Company’s Kemper power plant in Mississippi was one project EPA highlighted in its 2015 rule, but the plant suffered from massive delays and cost overruns. Building Kemper ended up costing more than $7 billion.
On top of that, Kemper would not use its CCS equipment and instead burn natural gas, Southern CEO Thomas Fanning announced in 2017. Federal lawmakers are pushing legislation to further subsidize CCS to make the technology viable.
“Though the Obama EPA rule would technically have allowed coal plants that captured and stored about 50 percent of their CO2 emissions,” Milloy said, “that standard was known to be financially, physically and politically impossible to meet for any existing or imagined coal plant.”
“The Obama standard was de facto ban on new coal plants,” Milloy said.


text:
Marvelous novel. It turned as it had been advised, a wonderful work for Jan Austin to start with. From the first page and the first dialogue, I liked the way Jane composes the sentences and the sense of humor by Mr.Bennt. However, I was not totally into the book at first for which the events weren’t so much interesting. Later, as things got complex and the picture started to be clearer, I plunged into the book. Mr.Darcy fights his-self for his pride, while Mrs.Elizabeth fights her-self against her prejudice toward Mr.Darcy. They hadn’t had a good impression of each other the first time they had met. However, later, each one’s view has changed. The end of the novel is pleasant and cheerful!.
Clearly, I’m not in position to critique or give a review that will add some additional information to what has been already added. However, such an astonishing work deserves all the appreciation.
I still remember the past time when my brother was reading it and I wasn’t paying much attention to it. Now, I’m just saying ” God, what have I been missing all these period ?!!!!.” It’s wonderful, astonishing, outstanding, and fantastic work by Arthur Golden. Golden has introduced us to many information that weren’t known to many people about Geisha culture in Japan. It’s like a culture within another culture. What Golden had done is that he had collected information about Geisha and then upon these information he created this historical fiction novel. Geisha is a term that refers to an artist and not like what may others think that it refers to a prostitute!. Geisha are expected to master different skills such as dancing, playing on some musical instruments, entertaining men in tea-houses .. etc. The novel is about a normal poor girl, called Sayuri ( Chyio ), who was taken from her hometown,with her sister, to Kayoto to be adopted by family in Gion. She later goes to school to get education so she becomes a geisha. However, her life grows even harder due to the problems she gets into. Inspite of all those ups and downs, Sayuri manages to be a successful geisha who could change her destiny or what she believes it’s her destiny to what she hopes and wishes to get.
Moreover, the novel shows not only geisha world but the suffering and agony that Japan had been through during the war against America. This war, however, lays a radical effect on the whole nation including geishas. And that add more excitement to the events.
It’s really a novel that worth reading. Thanks Arthur Golden for your masterpiece.
Who have read The Davnici Code or Angels and Demons or The Digital Fortress … ?. They all have a common denominator. They had been written by the wonderful writer Don Brown. For those who have read the previous novels, I think you agree with me that they’re so wonderful works. And I’m fan of how wonderfully Don writes!. Recently, a new novel for him had been published. The Lost Symbol is the new masterpiece of Don Brown….
I’ve read it page by page. Spent the majority of my time digging in it (xD), until I finished it. What can I say about it?! except ” WOW”. Another lovely, and astonishing novel. He has this ability that makes you become as a part of it. It’s like reading and watching a movie of it at the same time except there isn’t an actual screen!!. In this regard, I want to say, though he has the same writing style in his last three novels, he is still so wonderful. Every-time he brings something new and interesting. The curiosity of analyzing the old symbols and secrets has pulled his creativity far far away…
Read it if you you’re looking for enjoyment !
My best Regards


text:
This category lists characters in The Dark is Rising. It is currently incomplete.
“Will Stanton first appears in The Dark is Rising as the main character and remains a lead...Will Stanton
“The Walker appears primarily in The Dark is Rising. A scuttling, frightened tramp in Will's...The Walker
“The Old Ones are members of the Light. Those who fight for the Light includes mostly a circle of...Old Ones
“The Black Rider is the most frequently encountered representative of the Dark. Little is known...Black Rider
“Miss Greythorne was the Owner of the Huntercombe Manor, an Old One, and the bane of mischievous...Miss Greythorne
“Paul Stanton was Robin's twin and therefore the 4th or 5th son in the Stanton Family. He is the...Paul Stanton


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text:
On Monday, Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren went in hard on GOP presidential frontrunner Donald Trump, calling him a loser, a failed businessman and a serious threat in a series of Tweets. Trump responded by snidely referring to her as "the Indian" at a Washington D.C. press conference. Within hours, Warren's social media accounts were flooded with sexist online harassment. Tale as old as time.
Warren has long drawn ire from Native Americans and right wing detractors alike for claiming, without any proof, that her great, great, great grandmother was Cherokee. But after Trump mocked the Massachusetts senator, online criticism aimed Warren's way took on an misogynist bent. Vocativ's technology analyzed tweets with Warren's name or official Twitter handles, revealing she was almost never called a "hag," "cunt" or "dyke" in weeks prior to attacking Trump. Within hours of Trump's response to Warren's jabs, that changed. As we've seen in the past with journalists Megyn Kelly and Michelle Fields, the majority of the insults reference Trump's own words. In Warren's case, popular insults included "squaw" and Indian bitch, plus hashtags like #bulldyke and the extraordinarily mature #danceswithuglyface.
Throughout their attacks on women in particular, Trump supporters follow consistent patterns: harping on the target's sexuality and "typical" female dishonesty. Their outrage often refers to "feminists" or plural women, rather than solely the target, revealing a broader societal outrage. In Warren's case, in addition to explicit slurs, hundreds more ranted about the senator using classic words men use to dismiss women, that she is a "crazy" old lady who needs sexual attention to quiet her outspoken manner. Hundreds of tweets used "old" as part of a demeaning label, such as old prune. Many galvanized the notion that Warren is a "bitter feminist" who needs to be "put in her place." From Reddit to Instagram, Trump supporters unleashed a tirade of misogyny, often tinged with excitement about the prospect of what would happen to women like Warren if Trump is elected. Vocativ's technology revealed another similarity between Trump supporters' attacks against Warren and women journalists; in each case several dozen of those attacks referenced rape.
The post Trump Supporters Have A Sexist Field Day With Elizabeth Warren appeared first on Vocativ.

domain: news


text:
The Mudcat Café TM
Thread #104326 Message #2135679
Posted By: Arkie
28-Aug-07 - 08:13 PM
Thread Name: Music History Question: Jimmie Rodgers
Subject: RE: Music History Question: Jimmie Rodgers
Richie, have you read Nolan Porterfield's biography of Jimmie Rodgers? I think it is considered the definative work on Rodgers' life.

domain: library


text: This was my first ever #CCSuttoncurvycollection purchase and I would buy this dress many times over. The peplum cut is perfect for an hour glass figure and the tie at the waist allows you to control how “snatched” you want to look. This dress does run a tad small in sizing depending on how fitted you like your clothes. I didn’t want a fitted look because I wore it in a corporate office, so I sized up to a 3x in this. (I am normally a 1-2x in this collection) I would also recommend wearing a shaper underneath to smooth out your thighs.

domain: design


Marking the track with an electric scooter Gogoro has now launched the Eeyo 1. The announcement was considered the first step that the Taiwanese startup took in entering the electric bicycle market.
The electric bike is made of premium materials. Thus, the design prioritizes agility over utility. The configuration then can provide a comfortable riding experience for every consumer.
Eeyo 1 is deliberately made for residents who live in urban areas. The electric bicycle weighs about 12 kilograms and is built with a carbon fiber frame to withstand heavy loads.
Gogoro Eeyo 1 uses aluminum on the seatposts, wheels, and handlebars. As for the color choices, the Eeyo 1 comes in a cloud blue and orange lobster hue.
All the features Gogoro has provided on its electric bicycle, such as the 123Wh capacity battery, are located on the SmarWheel. The battery will last about 40 miles in Sport mode and 55 miles in Eco mode.
Sensors on the SmartWheel will constantly measure how much effort the rider is putting in and help send power from the battery to the motor to determine which mode is being used.
To utilize Eeyo 1 bike, each customer has to download an application to see some basic information about the electric bike.
Gogoro claims that the electric bicycle will be connected via Bluetooth to the application. The manufacturer also tasks the application to be the safety net in case the bike is stolen.
Any interested party needs to cough up $ 3,899 to take the Eeyo 1 home.


text:
- List of important publications in chemistry
The Sceptical Chymist
Description: Boyle, in the form of a dialogue, argued that chemical theories should be firmly grounded in experiment before their acceptance, and for the foundation of Chemistry as a science separate to
Importance: Topic Creator, Influence. Boyle, in this book, became the first to argue that experiment should form the basis of all theory, a common practice in Chemistry today. He also expounded on a rudimentary
atomic theoryand the existence of chemical elements beyond the classic earth, fire, air, and water. [ "From the mazy and incoherent alchemical and iatrochemical doctrines, the former based on false conceptions of matter, the latter on erroneous views of life processes and physiology, a new science arose - the study of the composition of substances. The formulation of this definition of chemistry was due to Robert Boyle. In his Sceptical Chemist (1662) he freely criticized the prevailing scientific views and methods, with the object of showing that true knowledge could only be gained by the logical application of the principles of experiment and deduction." [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Chemistry#Boyle 1911 Britannica] ] He is seen as the father of chemistry, ["Famous Chemists", Sir William A. Tilden, George Routledge & Sons Ltd., (1921), pg 1 - 21. ] and this is his most celebrated book. [A History of Chemistry, Volume 2, J. R. Partington, Macmillan, reprinted 1969, pg 497. ]
"Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry)"
* "Traité Élémentaire de Chimie", 1789, available in English as "Elementary Treatise of Chemistry"
Description: This book was intended as an introduction to new theories in Chemistry and as such, was one of the first Chemistry textbooks. [ [http://histsciences.univ-paris1.fr/i-corpus/lavoisier/book-detail.php?bookId=89 "Traité Élémentaire de Chimie" - Details and contents (in French)] ]
Importance: Introduction, Influence. Aside from being one of the first Chemistry textbooks, the book was one of the first to state the
Law of conservation of mass, define a chemical element, and contain a list of known elements. [ "The spread of Lavoisier's doctrines was greatly facilitated by the defined and logical form in which he presented them in his Traite elementaire de chimie (presente dans un ordre nouveau et d'apres les decouvertes modernes) (1789)." [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Antoine_Laurent_Lavoisier 1911 Britannica] ]
"Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique"
* Guyton de Morveau, L. B.; Lavoisier, A. L.; Berthollet, C. L.; de Fourcroy, A. F.
* "Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique", Paris, 1787, available in English as "Chymical Nomenclature".
* Some details and a picture available at
Description: This publication laid out a logical system for naming
chemical substances (mainly chemical elements and inorganic compounds).
Importance: Prior to this publication, a multitude of names were often used for the same substance. This publication led to an international consensus on how to name chemical substances.
"A New System of Chemical Philosophy"
John Dalton, 1808 - 1827
Description: This book explained Dalton's theory of atoms and its applications to Chemistry.
Importance: Topic Creator, Breakthrough, Influence. The book was one of the first to describe a modern atomic theory, a theory that lies at the basis of modern Chemistry. Surprisingly, given the period in which the book was written, of the five properties of atoms that Dalton listed, only two have been shown to be incorrect.
"The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements"
* Zeitschrift für Chemie 12, 405-406 (1869)
* [http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/EA/MENDELEEVann.HTML Online version]
Description: In this paper the
periodic tablewas introduced.Notice that the table in the above link is the original one. Since then the table structure was slightly changed and new elements were added to it.
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence
"Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations"
*Volume editors are [http://www.thieme-chemistry.com/thieme-chemistry/sos/info/print/sos/people/voled.shtml here] . Article authors for each volume can be found [http://www.thieme-chemistry.com/thieme-chemistry/sos/info/print/sos/people/authors.shtml here] .
* Thieme: Stuttgart, 48 volumes, 2000 - 2009 (print and electronic version available)
Description: Contains synthetic models selected by world-renowned experts, with full experimental procedures and background information. Considers methods from journals, books, and patent literature from the early 1800s up to the present day and presents important synthetic methods for all classes of compounds. Critically evaluates the preparative applicability and significance of the synthetic methods.
Importance: Introduction, Reference. [ [http://www.istl.org/07-summer/electronic1.html Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship review by Judith N. Currano] ]
"March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure"
Michael B. Smith, Jerry March
* Wiley-Interscience, 5th edition, 2001, ISBN 0-471-58589-0
* Wiley-Interscience, 6th edition, 2007, ISBN 978-0-471-72091-1
Description: A comprehensive reference for organic chemistry with over 25,000 references.
Importance: Introduction, Reference. ["His seminal reference-Advanced Organic Chemistry-is known worldwide and has been a mainstay among chemists for 30 years". [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E5DF123CF93BA15751C1A961958260 New York Times obituary] .]
"The Logic of Chemical Synthesis"
Elias James Corey, Xue-Min Cheng
*Wiley-Interscience, 1995, ISBN 0-471-11594-0
Description: Describes the logic underlying the rational design of complex
Importance: Breakthrough, Influence
Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis
Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts
*Wiley-Interscience, 3rd edition, 1999, ISBN 0-471-16019-9
Description: A comprehensive reference for the usage of
protecting groups in organic synthesis.
Importance: Introduction, Reference
Comprehensive Organic Transformations
Richard C. Larock
*2nd edition: 1999, ISBN 0-471-19031-4
Description: A standard reference for the practicing organic chemist. These books are just enormous lists of key references indexed by
Importance: Introduction, Reference
tereochemistry of Carbon Compounds
Ernest L. Eliel
*1st edition: 1962
*Current edition: 1994
Description: systematic and complete exposition of all aspects of organic stereochemistry.
Importance: standard advanced text for organic stereochemistry. [ [http://www.jce.divched.org/Journal/issues/1996/Aug/absA174_2.html Book review of "Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds" in Journal of Chemical Education] ]
"Chemical Applications of Group Theory"
F. Albert Cotton
* Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated, 1st Ed. 1963, 3rd Ed. 1990.
Description: The group theory book for chemists.
Importance: Significant influence by introducing group theory to a much wider group of chemists.
"Advanced Inorganic Chemistry"
F. Albert Cottonand Geoffrey Wilkinson
*Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated, 1st Ed. 1962, 6th Ed. 1999
Description: A classic general textbook for an undergraduate course in inorganic chemistry.
Importance: This book is not only a good introduction to the subject, it was very different from earlier texts and altered the way inorganic chemistry was taught. It seemed to be symbolic of the renaissance in inorganic chemistry starting in the 1950s. Every new text in inorganic chemistry since this text has had to respond to it. It had a significant influence on how inorganic chemistry is taught.
*P. W. Atkins
* Oxford University Press, 1st Ed. 1978, 7th Ed. 2002 (with Julio de Paula)
Description: A classic general textbook for an undergraduate course in physical chemistry.
Importance: This book is not only a good introduction to the subject, it was very different from earlier texts and altered the way physical chemistry was taught. The first edition was very widely used where English is the language of instruction. Other texts had to respond to the lead from Atkins. The current edition is the 8th edition.
R. Stephen Berry, Stuart A. Rice, and John Ross
* Oxford University Press, 1st Ed. 1980, 2nd Ed. 2000
Description: An encyclopedic text and reference suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate study.
Importance: This massive text by outstanding research workers begins with simple systems and proceeds logically to the more complex phenomena of physical chemistry. The original literature is cited extensively, making the work useful as a reference as well as a textbook. Many topics of current research are treated. Its advanced and exhaustive coverage of the field, together with extensive coverage of modern topics, eclipses the former champion, the text by E. A. Moelwyn-Hughes.
"The Structure of Physical Chemistry"
*C. N. Hinshelwood
*Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1951.
*Republished by Oxford University Press, December 2005. ISBN13: 9780198570257 ISBN10: 0198570252
Description: This is a scholarly book which as its title suggests gives an overall structure to the discipline of physical chemistry by the British Nobel Prize winner.
Importance: An impressively scholarly work which influenced the development of physical chemistry and is still valuable today.
"A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid"
*James D. Watson and Francis Crick
* Nature 171, 737-738 (1953) © Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
* [http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf Online version]
Description: In this paper the structure of
DNAwas proposed. It consisted of a double helix with a phosphate backbone, unlike Linus Paulingand R.B. Corey's double helix where the backbone consisted of the bases. They conclude with the sly remark: "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence
* Day, R. A. and Arthur L. Underwood
* Prentice Hall, 1st Edition 1958, 6th Edition 1991, ISBN 0-13-747155-6
Importance: Introduction, Reference.
Principles of Polymer Chemistry
* Flory, Paul J.(1953)
* Cornell University Press. 1953, ISBN 0-8014-0134-8.Importance: First major text on polymer chemistry; presents both organic and physical chemistry aspects. Written by a chemist who made major contributions to the physical chemistry of polymers, for which he won the Nobel prize in 1974.
Description: Discusses structure and stereochemistry of synthetic polymers, polymerization kinetics, behaviour of polymers in solution, chain dimensions.
Aquatic Chemistry, Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters
* Stumm, Werner and James J. Morgan.
* John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1st Edition 1970, 3rd Edition 1996, ISBN 0-471-51185-4.
Description. This book covers the full spectrum of the discipline including acid/base equilibria, carbonate chemistry, mass transfer, complexation, sorption phenomenon, oxidation/reduction, colloid chemistry, and flocculation/coagulation. The authors generally present the material using a ground up approach that emphasizes fundamental principles of thermodynamics and kinetics.
Importance. The publication is one of the most widely cited texts in environmental chemistry. In 1999, Stumm and Morgan received the Stockholm Water Prize for their contributions in the field. The citation specifically mentioned Aquatic Chemistry where it was described as a "seminal book" which is "used in education all over the world". [ [http://www.siwi.org/ The Stockholm International Water Institute] Follow links to "Stockholm Water Prize", "Laureates", "1999", and "Read more". ]
Pharmacology Chemical thermodynamics On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
*Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. III, pp. 108-248, 1876; pp. 343-524, 1878.
Description: paper applied the thermodynamic theory of steam engines to atomic level chemical reactions; i.e., it established equilibrium criteria necessary to predict the thermodynamic tendency of chemical reactions at constant temperature and pressure.
Importance: topic creator; historian Bill Bryson states, in his "
A Short History of Nearly Everything", that Gibbs’ "Equilibrium" paper is "the "Principia" of thermodynamics". [ cite book
last = Bryson
first = Bill
authorlink = Bill Bryson
title = A Short History of Nearly Everything
publisher = Broadway Books
date = 2005
isbn = 0-7679-0817-1 ] In addition, this paper, in many ways, functions as the mathematical foundation of
physical chemistry. Electrochemistry
"Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications"
* Allen J. Bard, Larry R. Faulkner
* ISBN 0471043729, Wiley, 2000Description: Very comprehensive textbook in electrochemistry. Includes basic theory and practical applications.
Importance: One of the most widely used electrochemistry books in the world.
Theoretical chemistry, Quantum chemistryand Computational Chemistry
"Valence and the structure of atoms and molecules"
Gilbert N. Lewis
* New York, The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc., 1923.
Description: Discusses ionic and covalent bonding (polar and non-polar).
Importance: The book that introduced the modern concept of the covalent bond as the sharing of electron pairs, and tried to reconcile the chemist's empirical view of the atom with the physicist's and spectroscopist's quantum mechanical view. It could be considered a precursor to Pauling's books.
"Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry"
Linus Pauling, E Bright Wilson
* New York, London, McGraw-Hill book company, 1935.
Description: A classic and excellent introduction to quantum mechanics.
Importance: One of the earliest books that introduced quantum mechanics to chemists. It remains well loved by many to this day. [http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/events/2007paulingconference/video-s2-5-herschbach.html "Linus Pauling as an Evangelical Chemist", Dudley Herschbach] ]
*C. A Coulson
*Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1952.
*The latest edition is called "Coulson's Valence", 3rd Edition,
Roy McWeeny, Oxford University Press, 1980
Description: A classic introduction to valence and the theory of chemical binding.
Importance: This book is credited with causing the expansion of interest in molecular orbital theory from the 1950s. [ [http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/events/2007paulingconference/video-s1-3-simoes.html "Textbooks as Manifestos: C. A. Coulson after Linus Pauling and R. S. Mulliken", Ana Simões] A lecture by video and transcript by a historian of science that clearly and in detail discusses the importance of Couson's book in relation to the earlier work of Pauling and Mulliken. ]
"The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals; An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry"
* Ithaca, N.Y., London, Cornell University Press; H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1940.
Description: A classic that was the first general book to introduce quantum mechanics to chemists.
Importance: Probably more than any other book, introduced quantum mechanics and, in particular,
valence bond theoryto experimental chemists. [ [http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/events/2007paulingconference/video-s1-3-simoes.html "Textbooks as Manifestos: C. A. Coulson after Linus Pauling and R. S. Mulliken", Ana Simões] A lecture by video and transcript by a historian of science that clearly and in detail discusses the importance of Pauling's book. ]
"Density-Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules"
*R. G. Parr and W. Yang,
*Oxford University Press, New York, 1989.
Description: A very thorough and scholarly account of
density functional theory.
Importance: This is a good introduction to the subject, but has particular significance in the way it describes how the theory throws new light on old chemical concepts such as
electronegativity. Supramolecular chemistry
"Supramolecular Chemistry - Concepts and Perspectives"
* ISBN - 3527293116 , VCH, Description: Comprenhensive textbook written by topic creator.
Importance: Most-popular textbook on subject (according to Amazon.com). Lehn coined the term "supermolecule" in '73, developed the concept of supramolecular chemistry in '78, and won the Nobel Prize for his supramolecular chemistry work in ’87.
"The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry"
Camille Georges Wermutheditor
* Academic Press, 1996, ISBN 0-12-744640-0
* 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2003, ISBN 0-12-744481-5
Description: A great overview of the theory, methodology, and techniques of drug design.
Importance: Introduction, Influence
List of publications in science
List of scientific journals
List of scientific journals in chemistry
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Daimler Armoured Car Troop (Plastic)
includes two plastic Daimler Armoured Cars, two plastic Dingo Armoured Cars, one Tank Commander Sprue and one Unit Card.
The Daimler armoured car and Dingo scout car have powerful engines and independent suspension giving them great mobility. The 2 pdr anti-tank gun gives it a huge punch for such a small armoured car.


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Emerald Originals is giving 70% off all purchases! Promotion ends on 03/31/2024.
Click here to see all designs by
Here is a fun set loaded with books. Perfect for readers of all ages. The fully filled in larger patterns would be great on a wall hanging, on a kite or banner, sweatshirts, etc. They would be great on any article of clothing or quilt, or any other project you would like to create. I have included a poem just for fun.
I would love a photo to see how you have used these fun patterns.
Please remember to hoop and stabilize well as some of these patterns are very large with fills.
Please help yourself to the free 4x4 design below, the other sizes are included in the set. I would love a photo of your finished projects using any of my designs. The jump free Penny work set is available separately. Includes 4x4, 5x7, 6x10, 8x12 and 8x14 hoop sizes. See PDF below for details. Thanks and enjoy, Beryl.

domain: hobby


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We have five artists in the Designer Spotlight for the Artist Trading Card Challenge!
#3 The Altered Paper – Emma says: I just loved everything about this ATC, from the vintage colour palette to the gorgeous Paper Doll image, it just all worked together so seamlessly and created such a beautiful detailed project!
#46 Wanda Henkes – Lols says: The blues and greens make such a pretty background for the cute little bird and sentiment. Very lovely details on such a small work of art.
#52 Suman – Andrea says: The texture on this set of ATC’s is amazing! I am so impressed at how stunning triangles and rectangles can look and I also adore the mix of metallic shine with rustic elements.
#103 Shantha Prabhu – Anna-Karin says: The graduated background on this ATC is lovely and sets of the painted silhouette of the tree so well. The tree looks really wonderful.
#107 Cassandra D – Meihsia says: This is such a gorgeous ATC with beautiful colors and texture. The flower and butterfly embellishments Cassandra created are fabulous.
Congratulations everyone and thank you so much for joining us!
Please copy this spotlight badge, display it on the sidebar of your blog and if you could please link it to Simon Says Stamp!
We now have this lovely badge for you to add to your sidebar if you are this weeks, or a previous, winner please feel free to add this to your sidebar and please link it to the Simon Says Stamp Monday Challenge
So who is the lucky winner of the $50 voucher?
Here’s your random number:
Congratulations! Please email us so we can explain how you can claim your prize, a clickable link is on the sidebar.
Be sure to include your full name in the email so we can issue a Gift Certificate
Thanks to everyone who joined in with the challenge and we hope you will all join in our current School or Study challenge too!
Anna-Karin and the DT

domain: artistic


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How Coronavirus Is Impacting California's Budget
California Gov. Gavin Newsom presents his proposed 2020-2021 state budget Jan. 10, 2020.
Andrew Nixon / CapRadio
With the state facing a projected $54 billion deficit, California Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled his new budget proposal on Thursday. The coronavirus pandemic has upended what the governor had proposed in January. We take a closer look at what's changed and what it means for Californians.
- Nicole Nixon, CapRadio Politics Reporter
- Scott Rodd, CapRadio State Government Reporter
- Sammy Caiola, CapRadio Health Care Reporter
- Chris Nichols, CapRadio PolitiFact California Reporter

domain: politics


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Reviews of Sarah
Mark received unit of Cute Pictures of my Dogs from SarahApr 15, 2019
Thank you so much for all of the pictures! I was only expecting a few.
Katrina received session of Beginner Ukulele Lesson from SarahAug 21, 2019
Sarah is such a Joy to learn ukulele from! She is so bright, positive, encouraging and really makes sure each lesson is fun, interesting, and relevant... to me! This was my second ukulele lesson with Sarah, and I'm sure I'll be back for more soon!show more
Katrina received session of Beginner Ukulele Lesson from SarahJul 09, 2019
I had so much fun learning with Sarah! She is really positive and light and fun to learn with! She helped me through learning my first chords on the u...kulele and sent me some links for some great resources, like tabs sites and YouTube videos for beginners. Thanks for a fun lesson! I appreciate it!show more


Martina Todaro is an Associate in the Research-Evaluation-Learning unit at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Read Bio
Everyone deserves to reside in an affordable, safe, stable home and a neighborhood that fosters well-being, but not everyone has access to such homes or the opportunity to choose where they live. During this moderated session, participants explored how the current pandemic and ongoing racial injustice contributes to homelessness, and housing inequity. Speakers shared data on the susceptibility and disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on neighborhoods where people of color live. Panelists also shared national trends and local examples of housing policy as a historical driver of place-based inequities and examine residential segregation and housing insecurity. The moderator led a discussion with the panelists, solicited questions from the audience, and engaged in a dialogue around housing-related challenges and solutions for overcoming them.
This is the second of two online learning events highlighting select sessions from the 2020 Sharing Knowledge to Build a Culture of Health Conference, held this past March in Jackson, MS. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, in collaboration with AcademyHealth and the National Collaborative for Health Equity, convened a cross-sectoral community of researchers, practitioners, and thought leaders to discuss and share multidisciplinary evidence related to health and well-being. Now in its fifth year, the conference supports the Foundation’s vision to build a national Culture of Health, where everyone in our diverse society has a just and fair opportunity to live the healthiest life possible.
By the end of this session, participants will:
- Understand the links between racism, health, and housing, based on historical and current data and policies.
- Be able to identify effective programs and policies that support fair housing as well as opportunities for mobility.
With support from:
Watch Recorded Webinar


President Donald Trump has said he is “looking forward” to being interviewed in an investigation into alleged Russian meddling in the US election.
He said he expected to be questioned by justice department special counsel Robert Mueller within two to three weeks, with approval from his lawyers.
“I would love to do that as soon as possible,” said Mr Trump.
He maintained he was “absolutely” prepared to be questioned under oath by the top investigator.
Speaking at the White House on Wednesday, Mr Trump said: “There’s been no collusion whatsoever, there’s no obstruction whatsoever.”
“I guess they’re talking about two to three weeks,” he added, after he was asked when the interview might happen.
Mr Trump told reporters that his former rival Hillary Clinton was not prepared to be interviewed under oath by the FBI about her use of a private email server.
The Republican president also said he did not recall asking an acting FBI director about his voting record.
Andrew McCabe, who took over the FBI after the president fired its previous director, James Comey, last May, said he found Mr Trump’s Oval Office question “disturbing”.
Mr McCabe said he told the president that he did not vote in the 2016 presidential election, according to the Washington Post.
Mr Mueller is thought to be investigating whether Mr Comey’s firing was an attempt to obstruct justice.
Earlier this month Mr Trump said he was “100%” ready to be questioned under oath, but thought it “unlikely” he would be interviewed by Mr Mueller.


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FormsSee also: Category:Poetic form
Specific poetic forms have been developed by many cultures. In more developed, closed or "received" poetic forms, the rhyming scheme, meter and other elements of a poem are based on sets of rules, ranging from the relatively loose rules that govern the construction of an elegy to the highly formalized structure of the ghazal or villanelle. Described below are some common forms of poetry widely used across a number of languages. Additional forms of poetry may be found in the discussions of poetry of particular cultures or periods and in the glossary.
Among the most common forms of poetry through the ages is the sonnet, which by the 13th century was a poem of fourteen lines following a set rhyme scheme and logical structure. By the 14th century, the form further crystallized under the pen of Petrarch, whose sonnets were later translated in the 16th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt, who is credited with introducing the sonnet form into English literature. A sonnet's first four lines typically introduce the topic. A sonnet usually follows an a-b-a-b rhyme pattern. The sonnet's conventions have changed over its history, and so there are several different sonnet forms. Traditionally, in sonnets English poets use iambic pentameter, the Spenserian and Shakespearean sonnets being especially notable. In the Romance languages, the hendecasyllable and Alexandrine are the most widely used meters, though the Petrarchan sonnet has been used in Italy since the 14th century.
Sonnets are particularly associated with love poetry, and often use a poetic diction heavily based on vivid imagery, but the twists and turns associated with the move from octave to sestet and to final couplet make them a useful and dynamic form for many subjects. Shakespeare's sonnets are among the most famous in English poetry, with 20 being included in the Oxford Book of English Verse.
Shi (traditional Chinese: 詩; simplified Chinese: 诗; pinyin: shī; Wade-Giles: shih) Is the main type of Classical Chinese poetry. Within this form of poetry the most important variations are "folk song" styled verse (yuefu), "old style" verse (gushi), "modern style" verse (jintishi). In all cases, rhyming is obligatory. The Yuefu is a folk ballad or a poem written in the folk ballad style, and the number of lines and the length of the lines could be irregular. For the other variations of shi poetry, generally either a four line (quatrain, or jueju) or else an eight line poem is normal; either way with the even numbered lines rhyming. The line length is scanned by according number of characters (according to the convention that one character equals one syllable), and are predominantly either five or seven characters long, with a caesura before the final three syllables. The lines are generally end-stopped, considered as a series of couplets, and exhibit verbal parallelism as a key poetic device. The "old style" verse (gushi) is less formally strict than the jintishi, or regulated verse, which, despite the name "new style" verse actually had its theoretical basis laid as far back to Shen Yue, in the 5th or 6th century, although not considered to have reached its full development until the time of Chen Zi'ang (661-702) A good example of a poet known for his gushi poems is Li Bai. Among its other rules, the jintishi rules regulate the tonal variations within a poem, including the use of set patterns of the four tones of Middle Chinese The basic form of jintishi (lushi) has eight lines in four couplets, with parallelism between the lines in the second and third couplets. The couplets with parallel lines contain contrasting content but an identical grammatical relationship between words. Jintishi often have a rich poetic diction, full of allusion, and can have a wide range of subject, including history and politics. One of the masters of the form was Du Fu, who wrote during the Tang Dynasty (8th century).
The villanelle is a nineteen-line poem made up of five triplets with a closing quatrain; the poem is characterized by having two refrains, initially used in the first and third lines of the first stanza, and then alternately used at the close of each subsequent stanza until the final quatrain, which is concluded by the two refrains. The remaining lines of the poem have an a-b alternating rhyme. The villanelle has been used regularly in the English language since the late 19th century by such poets as Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden, and Elizabeth Bishop.
Tanka is a form of unrhymed Japanese poetry, with five sections totalling 31 onji (phonological units identical to morae), structured in a 5-7-5 7–7 pattern. There is generally a shift in tone and subject matter between the upper 5-7-5 phrase and the lower 7-7 phrase. Tanka were written as early as the Nara period by such poets as Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, at a time when Japan was emerging from a period where much of its poetry followed Chinese form. Tanka was originally the shorter form of Japanese formal poetry, and was used more heavily to explore personal rather than public themes. By the 13th century, tanka had become the dominant form of Japanese poetry, and it is still widely written today.
Haiku is a popular form of unrhymed Japanese poetry, which evolved in the 17th century from the hokku, or opening verse of a renku. Generally written in a single vertical line, the haiku contains three sections totalling 17 onji, structured in a 5-7-5 pattern. Traditionally, haiku contain a kireji, or cutting word, usually placed at the end of one of the poem's three sections, and a kigo, or season-word. The most famous exponent of the haiku was Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694). An example of his writing:
- fuji no kaze ya oogi ni nosete Edo miyage
- the wind of Mt. Fuji
- I've brought on my fan!
- a gift from Edo
Odes were first developed by poets writing in ancient Greek, such as Pindar, and Latin, such as Horace. Forms of odes appear in many of the cultures that were influenced by the Greeks and Latins. The ode generally has three parts: a strophe, an antistrophe, and an epode. The antistrophes of the ode possess similar metrical structures and, depending on the tradition, similar rhyme structures. In contrast, the epode is written with a different scheme and structure. Odes have a formal poetic diction, and generally deal with a serious subject. The strophe and antistrophe look at the subject from different, often conflicting, perspectives, with the epode moving to a higher level to either view or resolve the underlying issues. Odes are often intended to be recited or sung by two choruses (or individuals), with the first reciting the strophe, the second the antistrophe, and both together the epode. Over time, differing forms for odes have developed with considerable variations in form and structure, but generally showing the original influence of the Pindaric or Horatian ode. One non-Western form which resembles the ode is the qasida in Persian poetry.
The ghazal (also ghazel, gazel, gazal, or gozol) is a form of poetry common in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Urdu and Bengali poetry. In classic form, the ghazal has from five to fifteen rhyming couplets that share a refrain at the end of the second line. This refrain may be of one or several syllables, and is preceded by a rhyme. Each line has an identical meter. The ghazal often reflects on a theme of unattainable love or divinity.
As with other forms with a long history in many languages, many variations have been developed, including forms with a quasi-musical poetic diction in Urdu. Ghazals have a classical affinity with Sufism, and a number of major Sufi religious works are written in ghazal form. The relatively steady meter and the use of the refrain produce an incantatory effect, which complements Sufi mystical themes well. Among the masters of the form is Rumi, a 13th-century Persian poet who lived in Konya, in present-day Turkey.
Read more about this topic: Poetry
Famous quotes containing the word forms:
“The highest perfection of politeness is only a beautiful edifice, built, from the base to the dome, of ungraceful and gilded forms of charitable and unselfish lying.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (18351910)
“I believe, as Lenin said, that this revolutionary chaos may yet crystallize into new forms of life.”
—Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931)
“The call of death is a call of love. Death can be sweet if we answer it in the affirmative, if we accept it as one of the great eternal forms of life and transformation.”
—Hermann Hesse (18771962)


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David Hemblen born on 16 September 1941 in London. He is a citizen of United Kingdom. He died on 16 November 2020 in Toronto at age 79 years, 2 months.
He was a British actor.
David Hemblen has worked as a voice actor, stage actor, film actor and television actor.

domain: entertainment


TerraCap Sells Office Building in Tampa for $21.8M
TAMPA, FLA. — TerraCap Management LLC has sold Lakeview Center, a 186,300-square-foot office property located at 6700 Lakeview Center Drive in Tampa, for $21.8 million. Joe Rossi, Thevenin Campton and Claire Calzon of Colliers International arranged the transaction on behalf of TerraCap. Miami-based TriOut Advisory Group LLC acquired the asset. Lakeview Center serves as the headquarters for HealthPlan Services Inc., a medical insurance provider. Existing entitlements give TriOut the ability to expand by more than 190,000 square feet, which would allow the company to build other office buildings and parking structures. Originally constructed in 1984, Lakeview Center has undergone more than $3 million in renovations over the past five years, including a new roof, elevator refurbishments, an upgraded HVAC system and a new energy management system.


An automotive air conditioning system is a closed loop. As the refrigerant moves through the system it is subject to pressure variations which change the phase of the refrigerant from liquid to gas and back again. As these phase changes
Good to Know: How Does an Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) Work?
R-1234yf absorbs slightly less energy per unit of flow in a refrigerant cycle compared to R-134a. In order to compensate for that differential, yf systems utilize an Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX). The IHX (sometimes called a Suction Line Heat Exchanger
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How Different is an R-1234yf Mobile Air Conditioning System?
All automotive air conditioning systems are self-contained structures which cool the cabin of a vehicle by changing the phase of refrigerant from gas to liquid and back again by applying and releasing pressure on it. The ability of refrigerant gas
What is the Difference Between a Receiver/Drier and an Accumulator?
When your air conditioning system has been open to the atmosphere for a period of time, it is susceptible to contamination by moisture or foreign particulate. It is important that the moisture be removed from the system, as it can


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My friend David's new book, All the Way Home: Building a Family in a Falling-Down House, is living up to expectations. I picked up my copy at his reading and talk at the Akron Main Library auditorium this past Wednesday and have barely put it down since.
I have known David for about three years now. When my first review for PopMatters was published, I emailed it to him because I knew he had co-written the great book We Are Devo! with Jade Dellinger. He responded graciously and has always been generous with guidance and a kind word ever since.
Before our flight to the suburbs, we lived around the corner from David and Gina. Our house was nothing compared to what they have undertaken, both in the size of the house or in the scope of any sort of needed refurbishment (NYT slide show), but reading the new book now makes me wonder if I should have been asking David for home improvement advice as much as I have asked him for writing guidance! (I think David would modestly say I have been better off without his advice in the home repair arena.)
What's cool for me is that I have actually been inside the house that is really a main character in the new book on a couple of occasions when dropping off or picking up stuff that David and I were exchanging. I've only ever seen the foyer and center hall inside and the garage around back (to turn my car around because, as described in the book, backing out of that drive can be suicide). If I had known the story behind the house beforehand I would have paid more attention to what surrounded me, but it left an impression nonetheless.
We found out at the Library event that All the Way Home has been selected for Oprah's Summer Reading List, which is huge for the book. Combine that with the great profile in the New York Times a couple months ago and the fact that David is the kind of writer who connects with the reader almost immediately, and the book is bound for success and David for even greater heights. From the well-placed music references to the laid-bare emotional confusion of what it means to earn the title of husband/father/provider, there is an inherent urban, metrosexual, hip-ness to David's writing that is off-set perfectly by his ability to appreciate the wonder of the town he has grown up in.
After David's talk at the library, I stood in line with my old neighbors from Highland Square who had also come out to support David, along with my parents who had driven up to hear him speak. I introduced my parents to David, and we all had him autograph our copies of the book. He signed mine, "With Akron-ness," and it couldn't be more appropriate.