text:
* Review the terms and conditions for this offer
The promo code is applicable on flight bookings. The promo code needs to be applied while checking out. The displayed promo code offers discounts on our service fees. A maximum of $10 per passenger can be availed with this promo code. This promo code cannot be used or combined with any other promo code, promotion or special offer. This promo code will be applicable based on the route searched, selected cabin type and other associated factors. The promo code can be withdrawn anytime without any prior notice. The promo code can only be applied once by a single customer.
Cheapflightsfares brings you some not-to-be missed deals on airfares that are bound to enrich your travel experience. These deals are our latest and best we've found. Don't keep waiting. Book them now!
Sits on the Rhine River, a 2000-year-old center, Cologne is one of the famous sites in Germany, and it is best known for 12 Romanesque churches. The significant one is Cologne Cathedral that successfully gained a lot of attention from the world. Located at the western side of the country; the city is the cultural hub, and it has some high Gothic-style landmarks, too. For all those who are planning to discover the place, make sure to reserve cheap flights to Cologne, and give travel goals to the world.
Located at the left bank of the Rhine River, the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Mary is a classic illustration of modern Gothic-style architecture, and it’s one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, too. It has 157-meter-tall twin towers and one of Europe’s magnificent churches.
The Old Town
The Old Town of the city is probably the liveliest place in Cologne, where traditional buildings, art galleries, shopping malls, town hall, cafes, bars, restaurants, and museums are waiting for you to explore them. The Old Town should be on your bucket list.
Rhine River Cruises
By arranging a business class flight ticket or a cheap ticket (it doesn’t matter), reach the land of Cologne, hire a one-hour Sightseeing Cruise, and view the glittering night scenes with your partner. It will be one of the most romantic trips ever at Rhine River, to be honest. From that place, you can view almost all the significant landmarks, including the mesmerizing architecture of the Old Town, the twin-spire of Cologne Cathedral Church, and the Hohenzollern Bridge.
Cologne Zoological Gardens
One of the classical zoological gardens in Germany, Cologne Zoo got the publicity in 1860 right after its inauguration. With Moorish-style Elephant House and an old birdhouse, the place is one of the top-rated attractions in Cologne. And please, don’t forget to view the Ape Island with its rainforest, aquarium, and a large cat enclosure. You can also find the historical aspects of the Zoo if you want.
When to Visit
Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-November) are the appropriate seasons for vacationing. But, if you like summers more than any season, make sure to bring a parasol with you because of rain.
Located 11.1 miles away from the fourth-largest metropolis of Germany, Cologne Bonn Airport is the nearest airfield in the city and is the seventh-bustling aviation center in that region.
Additional Info about Cologne
Cologne is a traditional place, where you will feel a historical and cultural touch because people love to keep their values alive even in this era of modernism. The inhabitants are decent, and their choices and preferences are also quite conventional, but you can never get bored in the city, to be honest. Everybody loves beer even there are specific soft beers for kids, so you can imagine how much they adore it. Moreover, the significant Carnival Celebration that held in November attracts the visitors from all over the world, and if you want to join them, arrange a flight to Cologne this year.


Photometric analysis of biological samples using in-plane detection
||Photometric analysis of biological samples using in-plane detection
||Savatic, et al.
||September 8, 2009
||August 8, 2006
||Savatic; Goran (Kussnachtam Rigi, CH)
Griss; Patrick (Otelfingen, CH)
Hein; Heinz-Michael (Udligenswil, CH)
Jaeggi; Rainer (Thalwil, CH)
||Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. (Indianapolis, IN)|
||Pham; Hoa Q
|Attorney Or Agent:
||Dinsmore & Shohl LLP
|Field Of Search:
||356/244; 356/246; 356/432; 356/433; 356/434; 356/435; 356/436; 356/437; 356/438; 356/439; 356/440; 422/100; 422/102; 422/104; 436/164
|U.S Patent Documents:
|Foreign Patent Documents:
||WO 02/43866; WO 03/102559
||On an analytical device for photometric analysis of chemistry and/or fluid samples comprising a rotatable disk-like body, a plurality of receptacles for fluid samples and optics for guiding light beams through the receptacles are arranged. At least part of the optics are designed and/or arranged such that at least part of the light beams is deflected and guided through the receptacles at an angle to the radially outward direction on the disk-like body which means at an angle to the radius, connecting the respective optics with the rotation axis of the disk-like body.
||What is claimed is:
1. An analytical device for photometric analysis of a biological sample, the device comprising a rotatable disk-like body with a receptacle for the biological sample andoptical means for guiding a light beam through the receptacle, wherein the optical means is arranged such that the light beams is firstly deflected and guided through the receptacle at an angle to the radially outward direction on the disk-like body andis secondly deflected after the passage through the receptacle out of the plane of the disk-like device, wherein the receptacle comprises a first microchannel for inlet of the sample to be analyzed into the receptacle and a second microchannel forremoval of gas bubble that accumulate within the receptacle, said second microchannel being entirely separate from the first microchannel to avoid mixing of inlet liquid with gas bubble removed out of the receptacle.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the optical means comprises an even reflective surface and is arranged at an angle other than 90.degree. to the radially outward direction on the disk-like body.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the optical means comprises at least a first reflective surface positioned prior to the receptacle and a second surface positioned following the receptacle.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein the reflective surfaces of the optical means are arranged at an angle of approximately 45.degree. to the plane of the disk-like device such that a perpendicular arriving light beam onto the plane of the disk isdeflected into the plane of the disk-like device towards the respective receptacle arranged on or within the disk-like body.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein a detection window comprising an entrance plane for entrance of the light beam into the receptacle is arranged at an angle to the radially outward direction on the disk, the angle being other than 90.degree..
6. The device of claim 1 wherein succeeding the receptacle a further optical means is arranged for deflecting the light beam after passage through the receptacle out of the plane of the disk-like body.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein the further optical means comprises an even reflective surface arranged at an angle of approximately 45.degree. to the plane of the disk-like device such that the light beam after passage through the receptacleis deflected out of the plane of the disk-like body in a perpendicular direction to the disk plane.
8. The analytical device of claim 1 wherein the receptacle comprises a volume design extending towards the center of the disk-like body such that the light beam passage through the receptacle completely through liquid volume is guaranteedalready when the volume of the receptacle is only partially filled with liquid sample.
9. The device of claim 8 wherein succeeding the receptacle a further optical means is arranged comprising a reflective surface of a circular shape, the surface having a linear cross-sectional shape.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein the optical means comprises a reflective surface with a circular shape such that the reflective surface is arranged on a circle of the rotatable disk-like device.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein a cross section of the reflective surface is linear and is at an angle of approximately 45.degree. so that a light beam arriving perpendicular to the plane of the disk is deflected onto the plane of thedisk-like body and at the same time is widened within the disk plane to be passed through the receptacle.
12. A process for the production of an analytical device of claim 1 comprising the step of injecting a polymer-melt into a mould, wherein for arranging the optical means respective inserts are arranged within the mould before the injection ofthe melt such that at least part of the surface of the optical means provided to create the reflective surface for a light beam is arranged at an angle to the radially outward direction on the disk-liked body and at least part of the surface of thereflective surface is circular and is arranged on a circle of the disk-like body to be produced by injection moulding.
13. An analytical process for photometric analysis of a fluid biological sample arranged on a rotatable disk-like body with a receptacle for the fluid sample, comprising providing the fluid sample to the receptacle through a first microchannelof the disk-like body, guiding a light beam by optical means arranged on the disk-like body through the receptacle in a direction which is at an angle to the radially outward direction of the rotatable disk-like body or the radially outward directedrotation force respectively, deflecting the light beam after passage through the receptacle out of the plane of the disk-like body, using the partial absorption of the light beam guided through the receptacle for analytical purpose, and removing gasbubbles accumulated within the receptacle by a second microchannel of the disk-like body that is entirely separate from the first microchannel to avoid mixing of the fluid sample with the gas bubbles removed out of the receptacle.
14. The process of claim 13 wherein in a first step, a first volume is within the receptacle being detected by the light beam which is guided through the receptacle and which light beam is being photometrically detected for analytical purpose; in a second step an additional volume is added into the receptacle and after mixing a second optical analytical step is executed, and if necessary further steps are following by adding an additional amount of liquid sample volume into the receptacle andafter mixing a further optical or photometric analytical step is being added.
This application claims priority to European application EP 05017277.4 filed Aug. 9, 2005.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention refers to an analytical device and a process for the analytical optical analysis of liquid samples.
For the optical determination of fluid chemistry or liquid samples respectively photometric analysis is commonly used and known in the art. E.g. proposed is a disk-like rotatable device on which a plurality of receptacles like cuvettes arearranged for the collection of fluid samples, the receptacles each are arranged within a photometric detection path, the respective light beam being absorbed partially for the analysis of the sample or its chemistry respectively. Photometricdetermination of fluid chemistry is in particular used for blood analysis, urine analysis or for any other liquid samples, where various fluid samples such as e.g. blood samples are being placed within sample cuvettes and light beams are being passedthrough the cuvettes, the light being partially absorbed for analysis of the blood samples.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,284 a device for optically analysing biological fluids is described. On a disk a plurality of peripheral cuvettes is arranged, each of which is connected to a central connection chamber via a bifunctional path for theinlet flow of liquid into the cuvette and flow of gas out of the cuvette. A light beam oriented generally parallel to the axis of rotation is deflected once so that is passes horizontally through the fluid in the cuvette and then detected for analyticalpurposes. Alternatively a horizontal beam maybe once deflected vertically after passing through the fluid.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,750 again photometric analysis of blood samples arranged on a rotatable disk is described, measuring the concentrations of substances like blood cell components within the liquid blood sample. The various fluid samplesare arranged in cuvettes on the disk and for analytical purpose a light beam guided in perpendicular direction onto the disk surface is deflected in direction to the cuvettes within the plane of the disk.
In most known analytical devices the arrangements of the optical means and of the liquid sample containing cuvettes are arranged such that the direction of the light beam is usually in line with the radius of the rotatable disk, which means theoptical deflection means or the reflective mirrors are arranged perpendicular to the radius of the rotatable disk.
Furthermore in some known devices such as described e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,284 gas inclusions within the liquid may influence or disturb the optical analyses as liquid flow and gas removal is mixed up.
To minimize any absorption or negative influence of the material of the rotatable disk it is usually made out of a thermoplastic transparent polymer, such as e.g. poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate, polystyrene, transparentcopolyamide, etc. where so far PMMA has preferably been used. The disk-like analytical devices are usually manufactured using injection moulding technique. The optical means for the deflection of the light beam into the direction to the liquid samplecontaining cuvettes is achieved by providing a surface within the disk at an angle of 45.degree. to the plane of the disk, so that the perpendicular arriving light beam is deflected without practically any absorption by the transparent polymer of thedisk-like device. For producing such surfaces with a 45.degree. angle usually respective inserts are arranged within the mould which means, that for each reflection surface a respective insert has to be arranged within the mould before the injectionmoulding procedure. The liquid polymer-melt is introduced into the mould at the center of the disk, which means at the rotation axis of the disk-like device, the flow of the liquid polymer is directed radially outward which may cause problems at thelocations, where the inserts are arranged for the production of the reflective zone. The problem occurs due to the fact that the liquid polymer-melt is flowing around the insert, which is arranged perpendicular to the radial outward direction of theflow, so that the flow surrounds on both sides the insert for being mixed again at the backside of the insert. Practical experience showed that due to this mixing zone on the reflective surface at least partial polarisation of the light to be deflectedin the direction to the cuvettes may occur, which of course is not desirable.
Furthermore the insertion of all the various inserts before the injection moulding procedure is time consuming and as a consequence the production procedure as used so far for the production of the known disk-like devices for analytical purposeis not optimal.
It is therefore one object of the present invention to optimize the production process for analytical devices as described above for photometric detection, where the surfaces of at least most of the reflective surfaces or mirror-like surfaces mayguarantee optimal reflective properties, so that the deflection of the light beam is not affected by any defects within the surface.
It is a further object of the present invention to reduce the handling before and/or during the production of photometric analytical devices as described above in respect to simplify the placement of any inserts into the moulding toolestablishing the mirror-like or reflective surfaces within the disk-like device for photometric analytical purpose.
It is again a further object of the present invention to reduce the influence of any gas or air inclusions within the liquid to be analytically detected which might occur due to inappropriate feeding of the receptacle with the liquid to be e.g.optically analysed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As a consequence according the present invention proposed is an analytical device and a process for the production of an analytical device for photometric detection of biological samples comprising a rotatable disk-like body with a plurality ofreceptacles for a fluid sample and optical means for guiding light beams through the receptacles, wherein at least a part of the optical means are arranged such that at least a part of the light beams is first deflected and guided through the receptaclesat an angle to the radially outward direction on the disk-like body which means to the radius connecting the respective optical means or the cuvette respectively with the rotation axis of the disk-like device and is secondly deflected after the passagethrough the receptacle out of the plane of the disk-like device.
Proposed is a device comprising a rotatable disk on which a plurality of cuvettes is arranged for collecting liquid samples to be analyzed. Furthermore reflection means are arranged within the disk-like device to direct a light beam through thecuvettes, the reflective means are arranged such that at least part of the light beam is first deflected or guided through the respective cuvette in a direction at an angle to the respective radially outward direction on the disk which means therespective radius from the disk rotation center or axis through the respective reflection means or cuvette respectively and is secondly deflected after passage through the cuvette out of the plane of the disk-like device.
According to one aspect of the present invention at least part of the optical means, primarily the means being responsible for the deflection of the arriving light beam into and through the receptacle for the liquid sample is arranged at an angleto the respective radially outward direction which is other than 90.degree.. In other words the surface, or at least part of it, of the optical means is arranged at an angle other than 90.degree. to the respective radius connecting the optical meanswith the rotation axis of the disk. As a consequence the light beam also is guided through the receptacle such as the cuvette, containing the respective liquid sample to be analyzed in a direction, which is at an angle to the radially outward directionon the disk. A further consequence is, that the entrance plane through which the light beam is entering into the receptacle or cuvette, also called detection window, is also arranged at an angle to the radially outward direction on the disk, which isother than 90.degree.. Or defined with other words the plane of the detection window does have an angle to the radially outward direction rotation force, which is other than 90.degree.. Finally the additional optical means to guide e.g. the light beamafter detection out of the disk plane can again be arranged such that its surface is at an angle other than 90.degree. to the radially outward direction on the rotatable disk.
According to one possible embodiment of the present invention, there are arranged a plurality of receptacles or cuvettes respectively for the collection of liquid samples such as e.g. blood, urine and the like and/or additional additives andreagents to be optically analyzed. At each receptacle at least one preceding reflective surface is arranged within the disk which is a mirror-like surface arranged at an angle of 45.degree. to the plane of the disk for the deflection of a perpendiculararriving light beam into the plane of the disk and guiding it through the receptacle or cuvette containing the liquid sample such as e.g. blood. Of course all the mirror surfaces should be arranged such that all the light beams arriving from the sameside of the disk are guided through the respective liquid sample receptacle such as the cuvette. Furthermore all the plane mirror-like surfaces, or at least part of it, are arranged at an angle to the radially outward direction on the disk which isother than 90.degree., so that the deflected light beam is at an angle to the radially outward direction.
In direction of the light beam after the various receptacles or cuvettes respectively again reflective surfaces or deflection mirrors can be arranged within the disk-like body such that the light beam after detection arriving from the receptaclesor cuvettes respectively is deflected preferably in a perpendicular direction out of the plane of the disk-like device. Therefore this reflective surface or mirror again is at an angle of 45.degree. to the plane of the disk, where again preferably allmirrors are arranged such that the respective light beams are guided into the same direction out of the disk plane. It can be either the same direction from which the initial light beam is guided on to the disk plane or the opposite direction out of thedisk-like device.
The great advantage of arranging the optical means as proposed above is that during the injection moulding procedure for procuring the analytical disk-like device the liquid polymer-melt is not symmetrically surrounding the mirror surface ordeflection plane and therefore in the middle of the surface no irregularities may occur due to the mixing of the polymer-melt. This mixing zone could either be displaced to a side area of the reflective surface where the light beam is not hitting thesurface or even in case, that the surface is arranged parallel to or within a radially outward radius, the mixing zone is completely out of the surface. A further advantage of the arrangement as described above is that at the entrance window for thelight beam or the detection window respectively of the receptacle no gas bubbles will accumulate within the liquid to be detected. This due the fact, that the plane is not arranged at an angle of 90.degree. to the radially outward rotation forcedirection and as a consequence the gas bubbles move along the window towards an edge of the entrance plane. At the respective edge, a removal of the gas bubbles can be achieved by the arrangement of so called microchannels. As a consequence the lightbeam is not being affected by the undesired gas bubbles.
Furthermore according an additional aspect of the present invention it is proposed to arrange at least two separate micro-channels at each receptacle or cuvette respectively--one inlet channel for feeding the receptacle with the liquid and asecond channel for the removal of the gas bubbles. This in contradiction to the inlet channel as proposed within U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,284, where two flow-paths are arranged within the same channel which may lead to optical disturbances as liquid andgas bubbles may be mixed.
According to another aspect of the present invention it is proposed to arrange a circular mirror or reflection surface, which is arranged on a segment of a circle on the disk-like body of the analytical device. The cross section of thereflective surface is linear and is preferably arranged with an angle of approximately 45.degree. to the plan of the disk. As a consequence the surface of such an optical means is not plain but rounded; which is a consequence is widening within thedisk plane an arriving light beam before entering into the receptacle or cuvette. With other words only the very central portion of the arriving light beam, which again preferably arrives perpendicular to the plane of the disk is deflected within aradially outward direction of the disk, and the remaining part of the light beam is widened and as a consequence most of the light beam is in a direction at an angle to the radially outward direction of the disk. Furthermore after the cuvette, again arespective collecting optical means can be arranged, which again preferably is circular, arranged within a segment of a circle of the rotatable disk. In addition this mirror or reflective surface is designed such that the widened light beam is collectedand focused e.g. onto a photodetecting means which means the widened of the first reflective surface is revoked or cancelled to a narrow light beam. But as narrowing a widened light beam to a narrow light beam is well known in the art at this place nofurther details should be described in respect to any further optical arrangements.
According to a further similar embodiment not only segments of the circle are covered by various circular mirror-like surfaces or reflection surfaces, but the reflection surface is covering a total circle on the optical analytical disk-likedevice.
The great advantage of circular optical means is, that only a very limited amount of inserts has to be placed within the mould before or during the injection moulding process for the production of the disk-like device. Of course in this caseagain there may occur the problem of undesired mixing zones of the liquid polymer on the side of the reflective surface, but due to the fact that the arriving light beam before entering into the receptacle is widened the problem due to uneven zones onthe reflection surface is of minor importance. Furthermore, as the first optical means for deflecting the arriving light beam into direction to the receptacle are arranged near to the central axis of the disk it might be possible to provide entranceholes for the injection of the polymer-melt near to the place, where the reflection surfaces are arranged.
Further embodiments and characteristics of the present invention should be explained in more details with reference to the attached figures, in which examples are shown in more details.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows schematically in plan view an analytical device according to the present invention showing two sections provided for photometric analysis.
FIG. 2 shows a cross section along line I-I from FIG. 1
FIG. 3 shows a further possible design of the device of FIG. 1 along the I-I.
FIG. 4 shows a possible design of the receptacle or cuvette suitable for photometric analytical detection within a section as shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 shows a further possible arrangement in plan view for optical analysis suitable for a disk as shown in FIG. 1.
FIGS. 6a and 6b demonstrate an advantage of the arrangement as described in the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows an alternative arrangement of an optical analytical section suitable for arrangement on a disk according the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows the progression of a light beam within an optical, analytical arrangement as shown in FIG. 6.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows in plan view an analytical device according the present invention, comprising primarily a disk-like body 1 being rotatable around a central axis 3. In direction to the periphery 8 of the disk-like device, a plurality of sections isarranged with arrangements 5 suitable for the optical or photometric analytical detection of a liquid sample. For that purpose a plurality of receptacles or cuvettes 7 are arranged on or within the disk-like body 1. Proceeding to the receptacle orcuvette 7 arranged is a first optical means 9, in form of a plane reflective or deflective surface for the deflection of an arriving light beam into direction of the cuvette 7. After the receptacle or cuvette 7 again a second optical means 11 isarranged which again is a deflective or reflective mirror surface.
To better understand the particular arrangement for optical analysis, FIG. 2 shows a sectional few along line I-I from FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 shows one optical analytical arrangement 5 out of FIG. 1 in the sense of a cross sectional view through the disk-like body 1 of FIG. 1. The first optical means 9 is a deflection mirror-like surface 10, which is arranged at an angle of45.degree. to the plane of the disk-like body. As a result an arriving light beam 21 is deflected in direction to the cuvette 7, in which a liquid sample such as e.g. a blood sample is arranged. The light beam is entering into the cuvette 7 through anentrance plane or detection window 14 and is leaving the cuvette 7 through a second plane or window 16. After detecting the liquid, which means after being partially absorbed, the light beam is guided onto a second optical means 11 which again isrepresented by a deflective mirror-like surface 12 which again is arranged at an angle of 45.degree. to the plane of the disk-like body 1.
The second optical means 11 is not absolutely necessary, as according one possible embodiment the light beam 21 after having passed the cuvette 7 can penetrate in plane of the rotatable disk-like body 1 out of the outer periphery border 8 forbeing detected e.g. by a photometric detection element.
The cuvette 7 preferably is an "open" cuvette for easy filling reason and may be covered by a film- or plate-like cover 23 which may be removably arranged on the disk-like body 1 after filling the various cuvettes or receptacles 7. In generalthe cover is arranged firmly and filling of the cuvette can be achieved through microchannels, which in general are arranged within disk-like analytical devices. The arrangement of such micro channels is well known from the art and therefore no furtherexplanation has to be given at this point.
In FIG. 3 a further possible optical analytical arrangement 5 is shown along the line I-I of FIG. 1. In principal the optical arrangement is equivalent to the one shown in FIG. 2 with the exception, that the second optical means 11 is having adeflection mirror-like surface 31 guiding the light beam 21 into a direction out of the plane of the disk-like body 1, which is opposite to the direction from which initially the light beam 21 arrives into the arrangement.
As already described above, the difference of the optical arrangement compared to the state of the art is, that the optical means for deflecting the light beam is arranged such that the light beam direction through the receptacle or cuvette withthe liquid sample to be detected is at an angle .alpha. to the radially outward direction, which means, the light beam is not equivalent with a radial outward direction of the disk-like body. The advantage is, that during production of the disk-likebody by using injected moulding technique the liquid polymer-melt injection in the center of the disk is not surrounding the first optical means in a symmetrical way, so that the mixing zone of the polymer-melt is not in the area, where the light beam isbeing deflected. As a consequence no undesired effects such as e.g. polarisation of the light may occur on the reflective surface.
In case of a closed and/or completely filled receptacle or cuvette 7 the design as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 may be applied. But in case of a only partially to be filled cuvette and a cuvette filled with additional amounts of liquid, a differentdesign could be chosen, as shown e.g. in FIG. 4.
Usually for an analytical purpose different liquid chemistry samples are used such as e.g. blood samples, where in a first item only the sample as such is analytically detected. In successive further items additional additive and reactants areadded into the cuvette or receptacle 7. As a consequence it is important, that already in the first step or first item the light beam is guided through a "completely filled" cuvette, which means that there are no empty holes on the path of the lightbeam through the cuvette. Therefore according to FIG. 4 it might be necessary to use a different design of a cuvette 7 to get reliable analytical results with an arrangement as proposed according to the present invention. It is e.g. possible instead ofusing a rectangular cuvette 7 a cuvette design as shown in FIG. 4. The cuvette 41 as shown schematically in FIG. 4 does have an additional volume in direction to the center of the rotatable disk. In the first item a first sample covering V1 is giveninto the receptacle or cuvette 41, the volume is such that the light beam 21 is completely travelling through the liquid sample. After the addition of a second volume V2 e.g. through a microchannel (not shown) and appropriate mixing of the total volumeagain a further analysis is executed, again the light beam 21 is travelling through a totally filled volume V1 and V2 for detection purpose. In a third step a further volume V3 is added and after a further mixing process an additional analytical step byusing the light beam 21 is following.
The design as shown in FIG. 4 of course only represents one possible example for the better understanding of the problem which may occur by using liquid samples with different volumes which means with different chemical steps to be analyticallydetected. Any other possible design can of course be used--important is, that already for the detection of the first sample volume the light beam 21 is travelling completely through the liquid sample.
Furthermore it is of course possible to place the analytical arrangement in a perpendicular direction to the radially outward direction, as shown in FIG. 5.
By using FIGS. 6a & 6b one great advantage of the present invention should be described in details. FIG. 6a shows an arrangement 5' as arranged on a conventional disk as known in the art. The first mirror 9, the cuvette 7 and the second mirror11 are arranged on a line, which is in line with the radially outward direction on the rotation disk 1. With other words the light beam 21 guided through the cuvette 7 is identical with the radially outward direction 2, which also corresponds to theconnection line between the first mirror 9 and the rotation axis 3 of the disk. A disadvantage of such a kind of an arrangement is, that due to the perpendicular arrangement of the entrance plane 14 or the detection mirror, through which the light beam21 is entering into the cuvette or liquid receptacle 7, gas bubbles may accumulate mainly in the center of the window 14. Within FIG. 6a such gas bubbles are designated with the referential number 20. The forming of such gas bubbles can influence thelight beam and therefore a wrong analysis result may be achieved.
Within the arrangement as shown in FIG. 6b and as designed according to the present invention, the entrance plane 14 for the entrance of the light beam 21 into the liquid receptacle 7 is at an angle to the radially outward direction, which isother than 90.degree.. As a consequence the direction of the light beam 21 is not identical or in line with the radially outward rotation direction 2, but is including an angle .alpha.. As a consequence the gas bubbles will move towards the upper edgeof the entrance window 14, where they can be evacuated through a microchannel 18. To avoid any mixing between liquid feeding and the removal of the gas bubbles it is proposed to arrange a second channel communicating with the receptacle 7--a furthermicrochannel 18' for feeding the receptacle with the liquid to be analysed. As a consequence by using the arrangement 5'' as shown in FIG. 6b and as defined within the present invention, no forming of gas bubbles at the entrance window 14 can occur,which can influence the light beam 21. Furthermore, due the fact that microchannel 18' for feeding the receptacle with the liquid and microchannel 18 for the removal of the gas bubbles are entirely separated, it is guaranteed that there will be nomixing of inlet liquid with gas bubbles removed out of the receptacle.
FIG. 7 shows in plan view and schematically a further possible embodiment according to the present invention. The embodiment according to FIG. 7 is showing in plane view a first mirror arrangement 51 being a circular design reflective ordeflection surface representing part of a segment of a circle arranged on the disk-like body 1 of the analytical device. The mirror-like or reflection surface 51 is on one side circular and in addition does have a linear cross section, so that a lightbeam arriving in a perpendicular direction onto the disk plane is being deflected in direction to the cuvette or receptacle 7 containing the fluid sample. As a consequence also the succeeding reflection or mirror-like surface 53 may be designed with acircular shape and again may have a linear cross section.
In FIG. 8 schematically the progression of a light beam 61 is shown, which arrives in a perpendicular direction onto the plane of the disk-like body and which is deflected by the mirror-like surface 51. The light spot 55 on the first reflectionsurface 51 is widened within the disk plane due to the uneven circular surface of the first mirror and is proceeding as widened light beam 61 through the receptacle or cuvette 7, containing the liquid sample to be optically detected. Due to the linearcross section e.g. at an angle of approximately 45.degree. to the plane of the disk no widening occurs perpendicular to the plane of the disk which means out of the disk plane. Finally the widened light beam 61 is collected by the succeeding secondmirror-like reflection surface 53, where the light beam is arriving as widened light spot 59 For the succeeding optical detection and analysis of the light beam a further optical arrangement can be placed, in which the widened light beam again iscollected to a light beam with a reduced diameter, comparable, e.g. with the entering light beam at the spot 55 on the first mirror-like surface 51. But as this is common practice in the art at this place no further explanation should be given about thesucceeding optical arrangement.
As a consequence again most of the light is travelling from the spot 55 on the first mirror-like surface 51 through the receptacle or cuvette 7 in a direction, which is not equivalent with the radially outward direction of the disk-like body 1.
Of course in FIGS. 7 and 8 only one analytical arrangement is shown, while in practice spread over the whole disk-like body 1 a plurality of analytical arrangement may be placed. The great advantage of the arrangements according to FIGS. 7 and 8is that at the production of the disk-like body and for creating the respective mirror-like reflective surface 51 and 53, only a reduced amount of inserts have to be placed within the mould for the injection moulding process. Either a total circle canbe used on which the various protruding insert segments are arranged for creating the reflective surface 51 or as an alternative, an insert can be used where a circular reflective surface 51 is created which represents a complete circle and notindividual segments. The same of course may happen when creating the second succeeding reflective mirror-like surface 53.
To prevent any mixing zones in the area of the reflective surface the injection holes or openings for the melted polymer could be arranged just near to the insert sections so that the mixing zones of the melt will not be in the center of thereflective surface.
The examples as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 are of course only examples to explain the present invention in more details and do not represent any restrictions for the designs for optical analytical arrangements for the analysis of chemistry and/orliquid samples in particular in biochemical and medical analysis. Furthermore the analytical devices according the present invention and which are explained by way of examples as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 can be used for a big variety of applications. Themain application area of course covered chemistry and sample analysis in the field of bio chemistry, pharmaceutics and medicine. In particular an important application is the chemistry and the sampling of blood, urine and other liquid samples, where agreat variety of analysis possibilities are possible. Usually not only blood or urine as such is used, but also in combination with a great variety of additives and reactants. Furthermore using the rotation of the disk-like device e.g. blood or urinecan be analyzed at various steps of separation between e.g. plasma and blood cells. Of course in general any kind of sampling analysis is possible and the use of rotatable disk-like devices in principal is well known in the art.
Further more the optical analytical process as such is also known from the art which means the process using the device according to the present invention may include any kind of light beam wave lengths which are commonly used in analyticalprocesses. For instance any kind of laser beams or commonly used light in the range e.g. from 300 to 800 nm etc. can be applied. Also the material used for the production of a disk-like device is known and preferably a transparent polymer is used suchas e.g. PMMA. But of course also all kind of suitable transparent polymers maybe used like e.g. polycarbonate, transparent polystyrene, transparent polyamides, etc.
* * * * *
||Randomly Featured Patents


text:
Reconstructing NatureDavid Gissen
Piranesi introduces the idea of architectural reconstruction as a kind of agitation. In other words, Piranesi’s engravings were a statement about what Rome once was—but they were also a statement about what cities might be based upon our selective interpretations of the past.
“This idea of reconstructing nature—bringing back a nature that once existed but is lost—is, in a sense, embedded within the history of architecture and, thus, within the potential work of the architect.
I prefer the term agitation—as a kind of a pinprick to his contemporary architectural audience.”
Extract from History’s Apparatus, David Gissen interviewed by Geoff Manaugh.
The temple of Dendur, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York © Geoff Manaugh.
“Within this space and the other additions to the museum”, David Gissen writes in his essay “The Architectural Production of Nature, Dendur/New York,”the technologies of preservation were on display as much as the work within”.
Reconstruction of a floating bath house in New York City; model by David Pascu (1999).
“The idea was to reconstruct the building through drawings, photos, and models to enable debate, protest, and discussion about the position of the river in the experience of New York City,” Gissen explains.

domain: library


2006 Suzuki GSX-R 750 Limited Yellow/black - $3999!
All service done at Richmond Motorsports Dealership
- oil change, brake fluids, spark plugs, brake pads, brand new sprockets, brand new chain, brand new battery and more (have receipts)
- pilot power 2ct tires lots of tread
- always garage kept
- pazzo shorty levers
- yoshi exhaust (sounds nice, great tone)
- passenger cowl and hard tail cowl included
i droped it on the left side when I was pulling into my drive way, minor damage to fairing. everything else is pristine.
need gone soon
call me OR txt at 778 892 5644


The government has earlier indicated that these violations were serious and it was likely to initiate action in this regard.
The I-T department’s exemption wing, which deals with tax related issues pertaining to charitable institutions and those bodies which have been granted I-T waiver, has begun a probe into alleged violation of Indian tax laws and once the preliminary information is gathered, the tax department would be taking a view on issuing notices to the authorities concerned, sources have said. However, MEA is still awaiting response on the information sought in December last year on visa and other details of all the teachers at these schools and their salaries along with the bank account details of their Indian staff members.
India had, in 1973, granted “tax exempted status” to 16 teachers of the school. However, as per information available with the government, there were many more teachers who were working but not shown as such. However, in response, the US State Department said the school “is not run by the Embassy (and) only about a third of the students there are American”. India initiated a slew of initiatives in retaliation against the arrest and strip-search of its senior diplomat Devyani Khobragade, a 39-year-old 1999-batch IFS officer, on December 12 in New York on charges of visa fraud. Though, the first indictment against her was rejected by the US Court, the prosecutors have filed a second indictment in the matter earlier this month. (PTI)


text:
DIY & Crafts
DIY Outdoor Fireplace: Step-by-Step Guide To Building Your Own
Published: February 23, 2024
Senior Editor in Create & Decorate, Kathryn combines traditional craftsmanship with contemporary trends. Her background in textile design and commitment to sustainable crafts inspire both content and community.
Learn how to build your own DIY outdoor fireplace with our step-by-step guide. Perfect for DIY & Crafts enthusiasts looking to enhance their outdoor space.
(Many of the links in this article redirect to a specific reviewed product. Your purchase of these products through affiliate links helps to generate commission for Twigandthistle.com, at no extra cost. Learn more)
Welcome to the world of DIY outdoor fireplaces! There's something truly magical about gathering around a crackling fire on a cool evening, and with a homemade outdoor fireplace, you can bring that enchanting experience right to your backyard. Whether you're a seasoned DIY enthusiast or just starting out, building your own outdoor fireplace can be a rewarding and fulfilling project that adds both warmth and charm to your outdoor living space.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk you through the step-by-step process of creating your very own outdoor fireplace. From selecting the perfect location to adding the finishing touches, we've got you covered. By the end of this journey, you'll have a stunning outdoor feature that not only provides a cozy ambiance but also serves as a focal point for gatherings with family and friends.
So, roll up your sleeves, gather your tools, and get ready to embark on an exciting DIY adventure. Whether you're aiming for a rustic, traditional look or a sleek, modern design, building an outdoor fireplace allows you to unleash your creativity and personalize your outdoor space to reflect your unique style and preferences. Let's dive in and discover the joy of crafting a warm and inviting outdoor oasis with your own hands.
Step 1: Choosing the Right Location
Selecting the perfect location for your DIY outdoor fireplace is crucial for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Before you start building, take some time to carefully consider the following factors to ensure that your fireplace becomes a seamless and harmonious addition to your outdoor space.
The location of your outdoor fireplace can significantly impact the overall visual appeal of your outdoor area. Consider placing it as a focal point, such as in the center of a seating area, to create a cozy and inviting atmosphere. Additionally, think about how the fireplace will complement the existing design elements of your outdoor space, such as landscaping, furniture, and architectural features.
Safety and Regulations
When choosing a location, it's essential to adhere to local building codes and regulations regarding outdoor fire features. Ensure that the chosen spot complies with any setback requirements and is a safe distance from structures, trees, and other flammable materials. By doing so, you can enjoy your fireplace with peace of mind, knowing that it has been positioned in a safe and responsible manner.
Wind Patterns and Ventilation
Consider the prevailing wind patterns in your area when selecting the location for your outdoor fireplace. Placing it in a spot that minimizes the impact of strong winds will help maintain a steady and controlled burn. Additionally, adequate ventilation is crucial for the efficient operation of the fireplace, so choose a location that allows for proper airflow and minimizes smoke accumulation in gathering areas.
Accessibility and Functionality
Think about how you plan to use the outdoor fireplace and ensure that the chosen location aligns with your intended functionality. For example, if you envision using the fireplace for cooking, consider proximity to outdoor dining areas. Similarly, if the primary purpose is to provide warmth and ambiance, position the fireplace where it can radiate heat effectively and create a comfortable gathering space.
By carefully considering these factors, you can select a location that not only enhances the visual appeal of your outdoor space but also ensures the safety, functionality, and overall enjoyment of your DIY outdoor fireplace. Once you've identified the perfect spot, you'll be ready to move on to the next exciting step in the journey of building your own outdoor oasis.
Step 2: Gathering Materials and Tools
Gathering the right materials and tools is a crucial step in the process of building your DIY outdoor fireplace. By ensuring that you have everything you need before you begin construction, you can streamline the building process and avoid unnecessary delays. Here's a comprehensive list of the essential materials and tools you'll need to bring your outdoor fireplace vision to life.
Firebrick: As the primary building material for the firebox, firebrick is designed to withstand high temperatures and is essential for creating a durable and heat-resistant interior.
Concrete Blocks or Pavers: These will form the foundation and structure of your outdoor fireplace. Choose high-quality, weather-resistant blocks or pavers to ensure the longevity of your creation.
Mortar Mix: Select a high-temperature mortar mix specifically designed for outdoor fireplaces. This will provide the necessary adhesion and strength for the construction of the firebox and chimney.
Reinforcement Bar (Rebar): Used to reinforce the structural integrity of the foundation and firebox, rebar adds strength and stability to the overall construction.
Gravel and Sand: These materials are essential for creating a stable and level foundation for your outdoor fireplace. Properly prepared ground with gravel and sand will ensure the stability and longevity of your structure.
Chimney Pipe and Cap: If your design includes a chimney, be sure to acquire the appropriate chimney pipe and cap to safely direct smoke and embers away from the gathering area.
Fireplace Door or Screen: If desired, a fireplace door or screen can add a decorative and functional element to your outdoor fireplace, providing added safety and protection from sparks.
Outdoor Fireplace Kit (Optional): Consider using a pre-designed outdoor fireplace kit, which may include pre-cut and pre-shaped components, simplifying the construction process.
Masonry Trowel: An essential tool for applying mortar and positioning bricks or blocks with precision.
Level: Ensures that the foundation and structure of the fireplace are perfectly aligned and balanced.
Rubber Mallet: Used for tapping bricks or blocks into place without causing damage.
Concrete Saw (Optional): If adjustments to concrete blocks or pavers are necessary, a concrete saw can be a valuable tool for precision cutting.
Work Gloves and Safety Glasses: Protect your hands and eyes during construction with durable work gloves and safety glasses.
Wheelbarrow and Shovel: For mixing mortar, transporting materials, and preparing the foundation.
Measuring Tape and Carpenter's Square: Essential for accurate measurements and ensuring precise angles during construction.
By gathering these materials and tools, you'll be well-equipped to begin the construction of your DIY outdoor fireplace. With everything in place, you can proceed to the next step with confidence, knowing that you have the necessary resources to bring your outdoor oasis to fruition.
Step 3: Building the Foundation
The foundation serves as the backbone of your outdoor fireplace, providing stability and support for the entire structure. Properly constructing the foundation is essential for ensuring the longevity and safety of your DIY outdoor fireplace. Here's a detailed overview of the steps involved in building a solid foundation for your outdoor oasis.
1. Site Preparation
Before laying the foundation, it's crucial to prepare the site properly. Start by clearing the area of any debris, vegetation, or obstacles that may impede the construction process. Use a shovel and a rake to level the ground, ensuring that the foundation will be built on a stable and even surface. Additionally, consider using a layer of gravel to improve drainage and prevent moisture accumulation beneath the foundation.
2. Marking the Layout
Using a measuring tape and marking spray paint, outline the dimensions of the foundation according to your fireplace design. Ensure that the layout is square and level by using a carpenter's square and a level. Precise measurements and a well-defined layout will set the stage for a structurally sound foundation.
Once the layout is marked, begin excavating the marked area to the required depth for the foundation. The depth will depend on the specific design and local building codes. Typically, a depth of at least 12 inches is recommended to provide adequate support for the fireplace structure. Use a shovel and a digging tool to carefully remove the soil, creating a uniform and level excavation.
4. Adding Gravel and Sand
After the excavation is complete, add a layer of gravel to the bottom of the pit. The gravel will enhance drainage and prevent the accumulation of water beneath the foundation. Once the gravel is in place, add a layer of sand and use a tamper to compact it, creating a stable base for the foundation.
5. Installing Rebar
To reinforce the foundation and enhance its structural integrity, place lengths of rebar within the excavation. The rebar should be positioned in a grid pattern, providing reinforcement throughout the foundation. Use wire ties to secure the intersecting points of the rebar, ensuring that it remains in place during the pouring of the concrete.
6. Pouring Concrete
With the site prepared and the reinforcement in place, it's time to pour the concrete for the foundation. Prepare a high-quality concrete mix according to the manufacturer's instructions, ensuring that it is of the appropriate consistency for pouring. Carefully pour the concrete into the excavation, ensuring that it fills the entire space evenly.
7. Leveling and Finishing
Once the concrete is poured, use a screed board and a level to smooth and level the surface of the foundation. Pay close attention to achieving a uniform and level finish, as this will serve as the base for the subsequent construction of the firebox and chimney. Allow the concrete to cure according to the recommended timeframe, providing ample time for it to achieve the necessary strength and stability.
By following these steps, you can lay a solid foundation for your DIY outdoor fireplace, setting the stage for the construction of the firebox and chimney. With the foundation in place, you're one step closer to enjoying the warmth and ambiance of your own handcrafted outdoor oasis.
Step 4: Constructing the Firebox
The construction of the firebox is a pivotal phase in the creation of your DIY outdoor fireplace. This component not only houses the fire but also serves as the focal point of the structure, dictating its functionality and visual appeal. Here's a detailed guide to constructing the firebox, ensuring that it meets both aesthetic and practical requirements.
1. Layout and Planning
Before commencing the construction, carefully plan the dimensions and layout of the firebox. Consider the size of the firebrick and the desired opening for the fire. Mark the layout on the foundation, ensuring precise measurements and a level base for the firebox.
2. Assembling the Firebox Walls
Using firebrick and high-temperature mortar, begin assembling the walls of the firebox. Lay the bricks in a running bond pattern, applying mortar between each layer to ensure a secure and stable structure. Pay close attention to maintaining uniformity and alignment as you build the walls, ensuring that the firebox is symmetrical and well-constructed.
3. Creating the Firebox Opening
Carefully plan and construct the opening for the firebox, ensuring that it provides adequate space for the fire while maintaining a balanced and visually appealing design. Use a combination of firebrick and refractory mortar to create the opening, ensuring that it is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
4. Reinforcement and Insulation
To enhance the durability and heat-resistance of the firebox, consider adding a layer of insulation behind the firebrick. Insulating materials such as vermiculite or perlite can be used to create a barrier between the firebrick and the exterior structure, improving the efficiency and safety of the firebox.
5. Finishing Touches
Once the firebox walls and opening are constructed, take the time to inspect the structure for any gaps or imperfections. Use a wire brush to clean off any excess mortar and ensure that the firebox presents a clean and polished appearance. Additionally, consider adding decorative elements or features to personalize the firebox and align it with your overall outdoor design aesthetic.
By following these steps, you can construct a sturdy and visually appealing firebox for your DIY outdoor fireplace. With the firebox in place, you're one step closer to realizing your vision of a warm and inviting outdoor oasis, where the flickering flames will create lasting memories for years to come.
Step 5: Adding the Chimney
The addition of a chimney to your DIY outdoor fireplace not only enhances its functionality but also contributes to the overall aesthetic appeal of the structure. A well-designed chimney ensures proper smoke ventilation and adds a striking vertical element to the fireplace, creating a captivating focal point in your outdoor space. Here's a detailed guide to adding the chimney, ensuring that it complements the firebox and contributes to the safe and efficient operation of your outdoor oasis.
1. Chimney Design and Sizing
Before commencing the construction of the chimney, carefully plan its design and dimensions to align with the overall aesthetic and functional requirements of your outdoor fireplace. Consider factors such as the height of the chimney, the diameter of the flue, and the materials to be used. The design should not only facilitate efficient smoke dispersion but also harmonize with the surrounding landscape and architectural elements.
2. Constructing the Chimney Structure
Using high-quality chimney pipe and appropriate fittings, begin assembling the structure of the chimney. Ensure that the pipe is securely connected to the firebox, providing a seamless transition for smoke and heat to exit the fireplace. Pay close attention to the vertical alignment and stability of the chimney, ensuring that it stands tall and straight, ready to channel smoke and embers safely away from the gathering area.
3. Sealing and Insulation
As you construct the chimney, it's essential to pay attention to sealing and insulating the joints and connections. Use high-temperature silicone sealant to create a tight and secure seal between the chimney components, preventing smoke leakage and ensuring efficient ventilation. Additionally, consider adding insulation around the chimney pipe to enhance its heat resistance and improve the draft, contributing to the overall performance of the fireplace.
4. Chimney Cap Installation
The installation of a chimney cap is a crucial step in completing the chimney structure. A chimney cap serves multiple purposes, including preventing rainwater and debris from entering the flue, minimizing downdrafts, and deterring animals from nesting in the chimney. Select a durable and weather-resistant chimney cap that complements the design of your outdoor fireplace, ensuring that it provides both functional and aesthetic value to the structure.
5. Finishing Touches
Once the chimney is in place, take the time to inspect the entire structure for any imperfections or areas that require attention. Clean off any debris or construction residue, and ensure that the chimney presents a polished and cohesive appearance. Consider adding decorative elements or finishes to the chimney, such as a decorative cap or facade, to further enhance its visual appeal and integrate it seamlessly into your outdoor living space.
By following these steps, you can add a well-constructed and visually striking chimney to your DIY outdoor fireplace, elevating its functionality and charm. With the chimney in place, your outdoor oasis is poised to provide warmth, ambiance, and lasting memories for gatherings with family and friends, creating a captivating focal point in your outdoor living space.
Step 6: Finishing Touches and Safety Considerations
As you near the completion of your DIY outdoor fireplace project, it's time to focus on the finishing touches that will elevate both the aesthetic appeal and safety of your outdoor oasis. Additionally, integrating essential safety considerations ensures that your fireplace not only enhances your outdoor space but also provides a secure and worry-free environment for gatherings and relaxation.
1. Exterior Finishes
Consider adding exterior finishes to your outdoor fireplace to harmonize it with the overall design of your outdoor space. Options such as natural stone veneer, stucco, or decorative tiles can be used to create a cohesive and visually appealing facade. These finishes not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the fireplace but also provide additional protection against the elements, ensuring its longevity and durability.
2. Fire Safety Measures
Prioritize fire safety by incorporating essential measures into the design of your outdoor fireplace. Clear the surrounding area of any flammable materials, such as overhanging branches or dry vegetation, to minimize fire hazards. Additionally, consider installing a spark arrestor or mesh screen to prevent embers from escaping the firebox and posing a risk to the surrounding environment.
3. Seating and Comfort
Create a comfortable and inviting seating area around the fireplace to encourage gatherings and socializing. Whether it's arranging outdoor furniture, adding cozy cushions, or incorporating built-in seating, providing a welcoming space around the fireplace enhances its functionality and encourages its use as a focal point for relaxation and entertainment.
4. Lighting and Ambiance
Enhance the ambiance of your outdoor fireplace by incorporating strategic lighting. Consider installing soft, ambient lighting around the fireplace to create a warm and inviting atmosphere during evening gatherings. Whether it's through string lights, lanterns, or integrated LED fixtures, thoughtful lighting adds a magical touch to the outdoor space.
5. Regular Maintenance
Plan for regular maintenance and upkeep of your outdoor fireplace to ensure its continued safety and performance. Regularly inspect the firebox, chimney, and surrounding area for any signs of wear, damage, or debris buildup. Clean the firebox and chimney as needed, and address any maintenance issues promptly to uphold the safety and functionality of the fireplace.
By attending to these finishing touches and safety considerations, you can ensure that your DIY outdoor fireplace not only enhances the beauty of your outdoor space but also provides a secure and inviting environment for memorable gatherings and moments of relaxation. With these elements in place, your outdoor oasis is ready to become a cherished focal point for enjoyment and connection in your outdoor living space.
Congratulations on completing the construction of your DIY outdoor fireplace! As you stand back and admire the warm glow emanating from your handcrafted masterpiece, you've not only added a captivating focal point to your outdoor space but also created a gathering spot that will foster cherished memories for years to come.
Building your own outdoor fireplace is a testament to your creativity, craftsmanship, and dedication to enhancing your outdoor living experience. From the careful selection of the location to the meticulous construction of the firebox and chimney, every step has been a labor of love, resulting in a stunning addition to your home.
As you bask in the warmth of your outdoor oasis, it's important to reflect on the transformative power of DIY projects. Beyond the physical structure of the fireplace, this endeavor has brought a sense of fulfillment and pride, knowing that you've brought your vision to life with your own hands. The process of building an outdoor fireplace has not only enriched your outdoor space but has also enriched your own skills and confidence as a DIY enthusiast.
Your DIY outdoor fireplace is more than just a functional feature; it's a reflection of your personal style and a testament to the joy of creating something meaningful. Whether it's the crackling of the fire, the inviting ambiance, or the joy of gathering around with loved ones, your outdoor oasis will continue to be a source of warmth, comfort, and connection.
As you enjoy the fruits of your labor, remember to prioritize safety and regular maintenance to ensure that your outdoor fireplace remains a secure and enduring addition to your home. With proper care and attention, your DIY outdoor fireplace will continue to be a beacon of warmth and hospitality, inviting laughter, storytelling, and shared moments under the open sky.
So, as the flames dance and the stars twinkle above, take pride in the craftsmanship and creativity that have brought your outdoor oasis to life. Your DIY outdoor fireplace stands as a testament to the power of imagination, determination, and the joy of transforming a vision into a tangible, heartwarming reality. Cheers to the memories yet to be made and the warmth that will continue to radiate from your very own outdoor masterpiece.

domain: hobby


text:
JAMESTOWN (Erie News Now) – SUNY Jamestown Community College (JCC) will require incoming and returning students to receive the COVID-19 vaccination, pending the FDA’s approval of at least one vaccine.
It follows the mandate from the State University of New York.
Students who are fully vaccinated and provide proof two weeks before coming to campus will have no COVID-19 related restrictions.
Students who are unvaccinated, partially vaccinated and/or have approved medical or religious exemptions, must wear a mask in indoor areas, outdoor areas if unable to maintain six-foot distancing and public transportation. They must also participate in pool testing and undergo a daily COVID screening.
More information is available on JCC’s website.

domain: news


text:
we love what we do
Festival Director and co-owner of Laya Healthcare’s City Spectacular – Ireland’s largest summer festival – Shell is a leading light of the Irish festival scene.
With an inherent love of the arts and a fervent interest in domestic and international festivals her experience is both broad and deep. In addition to her transformative work at City Spectacular Shell is adept in the areas of arts and cultural programming, event PR and marketing, event sponsorship, private and public event funding and creative management.
As Partnership Director of Laya Healthcare’s City Spectacular, and with a strong reputation in the area of business development and event management Sinead brought the crucial sponsorship euros to the festival establishing the event as a key opportunity for leading domestic and international consumer brands.
Over a career that has spanned media, corporate events and festivals Sinead’s extensive experience includes developing brand activation concepts that nail the brief ensuring high visitor engagement, dwell time and value add to the whole festival/event experience.

domain: artistic


text:
Broad Bean Toasts
- Credit: Archant
A great way to use early broad beans
Makes 4-6 toasts
2 handfuls (around 180g) podded broad beans
1-2 tablespoons lemon juice
1-2 tablespoons oil
Finely chopped clove of garlic
Salt and black pepper to taste
- 1 Chicken coops - the dos and don’ts!
- 2 The benefits of the “no dig” bed system for veg growers
- 3 Smallholding for Beginners part 4: identifying (tagging) your sheep and goats
- 4 McDonald’s UK and The Prince’s Countryside Fund invite farmers to get Ready for Change
- 5 Proposed Hedgerow Carbon Code receives £81k funding
- 6 One-in-million quintuplet lambs born at Hartpury
- 7 What to grow in winter: sowing & harvesting winter veg
- 8 Would you like to have tea with Adam Henson?
- 9 Trade body’s wasp warning for farmers
- 10 How to: create the perfect chicken run
Finely chopped soft young thyme leaves
4-6 slices of toasted bread, butter and chives to serve
Steam the beans for 3-5 minutes. Whizz in a food processor with the remaining ingredients.
Pile warm or cold, onto lightly buttered hot toast and scatter with snipped chives.
Tip: Try the broad bean puree as a side dish with salads or grilled meats.

domain: food


The Brandywine Valley SPCA has reopened its New Castle location just weeks after a car crashed into the shelter earlier this month.
Crews have cleaned and repaired the adoption areas, where dogs and cats are now available for adoption. The veterinary clinic has been gutted and is being rebuilt from scratch. BVSPCA Dir. of Marketing Linda Torelli estimated it will be two months before the veterinary clinic can fully reopen for business.
“We retrofitted two of our cat rooms and two of our meet and greet rooms into wellness clinic areas until we can rebuild the clinic,” Torelli said. Wellness visits and spay/neuter surgeries are by appointment only.
“Our staff and vendors pushed all the limits to re-open as quickly as possible,” said Adam Lamb, BVSPCA chief executive officer. “The animals need us as a safe haven, and the incredible outpouring of support from the community underscored how vital our services are to the pet families in the area.”
The shelter’s New Castle location had only been open 18 months when 36-year-old Latoya Cooper drove her car into the veterinary clinic side of the shelter, igniting a fire. The vet clinic is where the shelter carried out spay/neuter and wellness and sick visits.
“Word went out pretty quick amongst our staff that there’s a fire at New Castle, animals are on the loose. That’s all we knew. It was an absolutely terrifying phone call, every pet-lover’s worst nightmare,” said Linda Torelli, BVSPCA director of marketing.
An investigation remains underway into what caused the accident that killed Cooper, along with four cats. Firefighters and other first responders evacuated a hundred animals in a matter of minutes, as smoke and water spread throughout the facility causing more damage to the untouched part of the building.
“Our biggest challenge is going to be to bridge the financial impact. We have a clinic that is going to be closed indefinitely. Not only was that a service to the community, but it funded some of our other services. We also have additional costs for medical care for the animals, housing. And again, things insurance isn’t going to cover for us. So the biggest thing we need right now is financial donations from the community and every dollar is going to help us right now,” Torelli said.
Torelli said the total cost of the damages are still being totaled, but the shelter has set up a crowdfunding site with the goal of raising $100,000.
Rescuers rescue rescues
Some of the animals rescued from the fire have already been placed in homes. Two firefighters who were on the scene after the car crashed into the BVSPCA each took home a dog they helped rescue.
Volunteer firefighter Joe Facciolo carried a puppy he named “Squirt,” out of the shelter and held him until he could be moved to safety.
“Everybody was like, ‘You’re not going to put him down are you,'” said Facciolo, who works for the Elsmere Fire Company. “A lot of [firefighters] were saying, ‘Well I’m going to adopt him.’ ‘You leave this one alone, it’s mine,'” he recounted.
It was love at first sight and Facciolo said the feeling was mutual. Squirt couldn’t be happier in his new home in Wilmington.
Wilmington Manor Fire Company also responded to the crash and fire at the shelter. Volunteer firefighter Ken Phibbs and wife Chandelle took to Ivy, an English bulldog.
“She started seeing all the posts from the people on the scene from their social media accounts and she actually saw the one of her back in the chief’s truck with a baseball hat on, so she said that we needed to step up and help them and at least adopt an animal,” Phibbs said.
Chandelle said Ivy tugged at their hearts and the transition into their home has been great.
“If we can do our part and try to find a home for at least one animal, that would just put my mind at ease. And that was why I felt we should go up and rescue one of the animals,” Chandelle explained.


text:
Trip Planner: South America / Brazil / State of Santa Catarina / Balneario Camboriu / Morro do Careca
Morro do Careca is located in Balneario Camboriu. Put Morro do Careca on your schedule, and learn what else deserves a visit by using our Balneario Camboriu online tour planner.
Morro do Careca reviews
We braved life and limb to climb up Morro do Careca to take the perfect photos of Balneario Camboriu and Praia Brava. The thunder boomed as we exited the car but the lightening and rain started a...
We braved life and limb to climb up Morro do Careca to take the perfect photos of Balneario Camboriu and Praia Brava. The thunder boomed as we exited the car but the lightening and rain started a... more »
We went here with our family and was an amazing experience, beautiful views, small hike from the street, the place was closed for cars.
We went here with our family and was an amazing experience, beautiful views, small hike from the street, the place was closed for cars. more »
What started off as a walk from my hotel to the nearby beach quickly turn into an exploration of the area that eventually lead me hiking up this steep winding road until I reached it's peak, the 360 view was AMAZING!!
Little tourist spot with some of the most beautiful beaches and a short hike with a fantastic view...! If you are into taking photos of beautiful land scapes, beaches and shopping in little tropical shops ! Totally worth it... Also great for surfing! Small hike but worth it!
Plan your trip to Balneario Camboriu
- Get a personalized tripA full day by day itinerary based on your preferences
- Customize itRefine your trip. We'll find the
best routes and schedules
- Book itChoose from the best hotels and activities. Up to 50% off
- Manage itEverything in one place. Everyone on the same page.
Popular things to do in Balneario Camboriu
Side trips from Balneario Camboriu
Hidden gems in Balneario Camboriu
Kid-friendly things to do in Balneario Camboriu
Beaches in Balneario Camboriu
Trips in Morro do Careca by other users
10 days in Florianopolis BY A USER FROM ARGENTINA Forte Beach Jurere Beach Daniela's Beach 29 days in Florianopolis BY A USER FROM BRAZIL ArtFalcon Falcoaria Beto Carrero World Mitra Metropolitana de Fpolis 8 days in Penha BY A USER FROM THE NETHERLANDS Sao Joao Batista Chapel Beto Carrero World ArtFalcon Falcoaria 8 days in Florianopolis BY A USER FROM ARGENTINA Bombinhas Beach Beto Carrero World Santo Antonio de Lisboa 12 days in Bombinhas BY A USER FROM ARGENTINA Nossa Senhora Imaculada Conceicao Chapel Prainha Beach Praia De Quatro Ilhas 18 days in Florianopolis BY A USER FROM BRAZIL Jurere Tradicional Jurere Beach Forte Sao Jose da Ponta Grossa

domain: geography


text:
Palermo, Italy –
Perfume, designer clothes and a sex pill were found Tuesday in an apartment investigators believe is the last hiding place of Sicilian mafia boss Matteo Messina Denaro, judicial sources said.
Messina Denaro, 60, was arrested Monday in a private hospital in Palermo after 30 years on the run and is being held in the central Italian city of L’Aquila, Palermo prosecutors said. He was transferred from Sicily on the day of his arrest.
This apartment is housed in a modest building near the center of Campobello di Mazzara, a town in the province of Trapani in western Sicily, just a few kilometers from Castelvetrano, Messina Denaro’s hometown.
According to judicial sources, investigators found clothing, shoes, a well-stocked refrigerator, and restaurant receipts.
“He was living a normal life. He was going to the supermarket,” said magistrate Paolo Guido, the official investigating Messina Denaro.
Neighbors said he was a friendly person.
Rosario Cognata told Italian media: “I live on the first floor of a building and I saw this person from time to time, he just said hello and didn’t say anything. He had a cordial attitude. I did,” he told Italian media.
taste of luxury
Messina Denaro was known for his taste for luxury items, including designer clothes and expensive sunglasses. Police said he was wearing a watch worth his €35,000 (US$38,000) when he was arrested.
Judicial sources say Messina Denaro is believed to have lived in the apartment for the past year, but police are still looking for other places where he may have spent time.
Investigators believe Messina Denaro was transported from Campobello di Mazzara to Palermo’s La Maddalena hospital for cancer treatment on Monday. The town was home to his alleged aide, Giovanni Luppino, who was arrested with him.
Police have placed doctor Alfonso Tumbarello under investigation for allegedly aiding a mafia boss, judicial sources said, judicial sources say he was being given anti-cancer treatment under a false name, Messina Denaro. He said it was because he was with him.
Sources said he was the owner of the apartment where Messina Denaro lived and named Andrea Bonafede under investigation.
Messina Denaro, nicknamed “U Siccu” (Skinny One), has been sentenced to 20 years in absentia for his involvement in a series of mob murders, including the bomb attacks that killed anti-Mafia prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino. was sentenced. 1992.
Despite his illness, prosecutors said Messina Denaro is in good enough shape to serve time in prison, where he will continue his cancer treatment.
(Additional reporting by Angelo Amante and Alvise Armerini in Rome; Writing by Angelo Amante; Editing by Keith Weir and Tomasz Janowski)


text:
Use Your Computer To Locate & Investigate Anyone!
Court Records Crawford County MI Michigan
THE URGENT DETECTIVE SERVICE WILL HELP YOU
Investigate a suspicious person or neighbor, check out a new guy wishing to date your daughter, your kid's new schoolteacher, your doctor, check up on your lover... Sex offender may be next to you without you ever knowing! Check out a prospective employee (or your boss), discover what is known for them and what's even in their FBI file. Be smart, play safe! We'll help you to retrieve this hard to find information
and much, MUCH, MUCH MORE!
Visit the authorized retailer's own web site for COMPLETE INFO
Crawford County Grayling, Michigan 200 W Michigan Avenue Grayling, MI 49738-1741. by and in accordance with the Michigan Supreme Court Records Standards..
Crawford County Grayling, Michigan 200 W Michigan Avenue Grayling, MI 49738-1741. These duties consist of maintaining all circuit court legal records,.
Michigan Court Records- Listed below is contact information and/or links to websites. Crawford County 200 W. Michigan Ave. Grayling, MI 49738-1745.
Check Court and Criminal Records using UsSearch.com Instant! online Public Records. Crawford County 200 W. Michigan Ave. Grayling, MI 49738-1745.
Crawford County Clerk 200 West Michigan Avenue Grayling, MI 49738 Phone: 989-344-3200 Fax: 989-344-3223. Holdings include:. Marriage records from 1873 to.
Crawford County, MI. Crawford County is one of 83 counties in Michigan.. County history catalog · Court, land & probate records · Death index.
RECORDS: Birth, marriage & death · Court, land & probate. DUPLICATE NAMES. Other MI communities named Grayling: ·Crawford County city. RECORD SEARCHES.
Crawford County MI Criminal Records For Your Business. Crawford County Michigan Website · Crawford County - Court Records, Civil, Criminal, Traffic,.
Crawford County Historical Society, Inc. 97 E. Michigan Ave, PO Box 218, Grayling, MI 49738 989-348-4461 email@example.com.
Chippewa County Clerk 319 Court Street Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783 (906) 635-6300. Crawford County Clerk 200 West Michigan Avenue Grayling, MI 49738.
Alger County Clerk 101 Court Street Munising, MI 49862-1103 (906) 387-2076. Crawford County Clerk 200 W. Michigan Ave. Grayling, MI 49738-1745.
A probate court may waive the marriage license fee in cases of undue hardship.. Crawford County Clerk Grayling, MI 989.344.3200, Delta County Clerk.
Michigan - Statewide and Counties Free Sites. MI - Allegan County - Real Estate. Lien; MI - Crawford County - Most Wanted; MI - Eaton County - Assessor.
The Michigan Supreme Court ordered a chief judge to be put in charge of the 87th District. Get Crawford County, MI contractors estimates Fast quotes from.
Gaylord, MI 49735. For driving directions to this or any other court click on the MapBlast link. map blast link. blue star All Divisions - 200 W Michigan.
Divorces: Call or contact the Kent County Circuit Court Clerk's office for. Naturalization/Citizenship Records: The Archives of Michigan has the.
County, Alger County Clerk 101 Court Street Munising, MI 49862-1196. Allegan. County, Crawford County Clerk 200 W. Michigan Grayling, MI 49738-1798.
Charlevoix County, MI to the north; Crawford County, MI to the southeast. Court and Legal Records. Early Justice in Antrim County (Source: Michigan.
Click here to order a Michigan County Criminal Search. Includes a free national 50 state sex. MI: Michigan Background Records - Court Public Records.
Crawford County Court Records. Description: All courts in Crawford, Kalkaska and Otsego Counties, Michigan function as a unified trial court called the 46th.
Lansing, MI 48914 For earlier records, write to the county in question.. Michigan Court Records Court records entail probate records, guardianship,.
Crawford County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.. maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the.
Chippewa County 319 Court Street Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783. Crawford County 200 West Michigan Avenue Grayling, MI 49738 (517) 348-2841, Newaygo County.
To find a qualified Crawford County, Michigan DUI Lawyer who concentrates. your DUI charge in Michigan and possibly avoid court costs, fines, probation,.
4520 & 4626 BRYANT ST FLINT, PEOPLE OF MI V FISHER HOTEL, 274009, 10/30/2006, Case Concluded; File Archived, 05-082755 GENESEE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, 136306.
Michigan Public Records - MI Tenant Screening Court Records. The Wayne County Report includes current and historical felony and misdemeanor court records.
Census, obits, land & court records, general research Oakland County &. http://www.sos.state.mi.us/history/archive/archgene.html Crawford County.
Charter Township of Grayling is located in beautiful northern Michigan's Crawford County. The Grayling area is the ideal place to live, work and play..
Isabella County, Michigan free online court records, court directory and. Isabella County Probate Court 300 N. Main St., Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858.
LANSING, MI, October 9, 2006 – The Michigan Court of Appeals will hold oral arguments in. 260734, on appeal from the Crawford County Circuit Court:.
Crawford County Register of Deeds 200 West, MIchigan Street Grayling, MI 49738. Tuscola County Clerk of Court 440 North State Street Caro, MI 48723.
Roscommon County Title Insurance Agency 9141 N. Cut Rd. Roscommon, MI 48653 989-821-4544 Fax 989-821-3844 Crawford County Title Insurance Agency 108 Burton.
Michigan - Supreme and Appellate Court Opinions/Decisions - Free subscription sign-up. MI - Livingstone County - Deaths - Records to 1948 and prior only..
3, 08th District Court - 227 W Michigan Ave, Submit, County. 71, Crawford County Probate Court - Probate Judge, Submit, County, Grayling · Crawford.
Atlanta, MI 49709 43.1MI from Petoskey. CRAWFORD COUNTY TITLE INSURANC. examiners who can perform criminal records searches, act as court abstractors,.
Michigan Friend of the Court Handbook. [Midland County Friend of the Court]. Clinton County (29th) Circuit Court, Crawford County (46th) Circuit Court.
Links to Michigan Judiciary, Michigan courts, Michigan supreme court and appeals. Michigan State Legal Research & Resources - MI Cases, Codes & Statutes.
Crawford County Elected Officials. Government Center. 200 West Michigan Avenue * Grayling, MI 49738. Phone: 989/344-3200 * Fax: 989/344-3223.
Crawford County 200 W. Michigan Ave. Grayling, MI 49738-1745 (989) 348-2841. ONLINE: Circuit Court www.co.genesee.mi.us/clerk/# Death & Marriage.
46th Circuit Court - Crawford, Kalkaska & Otsego Counties. Calhoun County Courts Home Page · Kent County Court · Macomb County Circuit Court.
Criminal Records Michigan State Police Central Records Division General Building. Crawford County 200 W. Michigan Ave. Grayling, MI 49738-1745.
Notable locations in Gaylord: Sky Crest Cabins (A), Alpine Court Cabins (B), Hidden Valley Club. from Crawford County, MI, 0.55% ($25962 average AGI).
MI - Crawford County - Court Records, Civil, Criminal, Traffic, Probate - Limitations, supplemental only. MI - Crawford County - Most Wanted.
Find Out What County A City Is In Example = City followed by comma & State (Lansing, MI). Example: enter "Lansing, MI" To look up Lansing, Michigan (be sure.
Michigan County Clerks. Chippewa, 319 Court St. Courthouse, Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783, 906-635-6300. Crawford, 200 W. Michigan Avenue, Grayling, MI.
Crawford County. 46th Circuit Court Crawford County Building 200 W. Michigan Ave. Grayling MI 49738 517/348-2841. Hon. Alton T. Davis, Chief Judge.
Chippewa County Sheriffs Department 33l Court Street Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783. Crawford County Sheriffs Department 200 West Michigan, Grayling, MI 49738.
Crawford County, Michigan Free Public Records Directory
Public Records Search Advertisement. First Name. MI, Last Name, State. Directory of court locations in Crawford County, Michigan. Includes local links to.
Michigan Jail and Inmate Records Directory
Crawford County Corrections Department 200 W. Michigan Avenue, Grayling, MI 49738 Phone: 989-348-4822. Delta County. Free Search. Jail and Inmate Records.
46th Circuit Trial Court Cases
Case information not applicable for background checks - please call the Court.. Court:. All, District, Circuit, Probate. County:. All, Crawford, Kalkaska.
Court Records Crawford County MI Michigan

domain: law


text:
What are Skylights?
Skylights are often used as a generic term for roof windows but it is not entirely true. Skylights are normally angled and often installed on a slanting roof. Still regarded by many as a luxurious addition to the house, skylights can be aesthetically and functionally valuable for a house. They are much more than mere luxury and instead can be very useful in certain settings and situations. If your house is tucked beneath a sloped roofline, your living space is surrounded by lots of greenery or there is less open space around the house, it may get dark inside the house due to lack of enough natural light. Skylights can be an ideal option to introduce more natural light inside the room. This will help brighten the interiors and help make your house a vibrant and friendly space rather than a dark, murky, and dull place. Skylights are also helpful if there is limited space in the walls and you can not fit in a regular window there. Skylight windows ensure that you get enough natural light inside the room for longer durations.
Fixed vs Operable Skylights
You can pick between primarily two kinds of skylight windows; the fixed skylights or the operable skylights. You cannot open the fixed skylights and hence if you want to allow some air inside the room you should opt for operable skylights. The operable skylights can be opened to allow fresh air inside but the fixed skylights are more energy-efficient as these stay sealed. You can opt for either of the two depending on what you need for your house.
Why dressing up the skylights is important and why is it difficult?
Skylights are normally installed at an angle and in hard to reach places such as the roof. While, the skylights help make the room bright and welcoming by allowing more natural light and fresh air, doing so has some downsides too. Allowing more light to enter the room for longer durations results in more heat gain through convection and it also increases the glare in the room. UV exposure is another issue that can damage the furniture inside the room. Hence, it is important to get suitable window treatments for the skylights in your room.
Dressing-up the skylights, is a bit challenging due to their placement and the angle at which these are installed. You cannot install just any type of window coverings. The specific nature of the skylights limits the options to some extent.
How to Cover a Skylight Window for Insulation and Heat Blocking?
When deciding which window treatment option to use for covering the skylight windows, there are two most important factors you need to consider. One is heat gain and the other is light-filtration. As the skylights give you access to more natural light for longer durations, the possibility of heat gain also increases. Hence, finding suitable window coverings for the skylights is necessary. You cannot opt for blinds or shades which are sheer or do not block heat effectively. Blackout blinds or shades or the heat-reflecting variants are the best choices, as these can prevent heat gain effectively.
You should opt for window treatments that are lightweight and easy to install. The window coverings which are heavier, such as shutters, metallic blinds, etc. are not suitable for skylights. Aluminum is an exception here as it is a lightweight metal. Hence, aluminum blinds are a great choice for skylights. These blinds are cost-effective, durable, and easy to install. Being lightweight, they can stay in place even when installed at an angle if made specifically for skylights. This is what makes them suitable as skylight blinds.
Cellular shades also are a good choice as skylight window coverings. They normally comprise dual continuous fabric layers. Their structure allows for the creation of air pockets in between the layers. These air pockets help the cellular shades deliver better thermal insulation. You can opt for blackout or room-darkening fabric for these shades if you want to get more control over the light entering the house.
Another key aspect is the operability. Since the skylights are often installed in hard to reach places, operating them with a pull cord is not convenient and to some extent also impractical. You can consider motorizing the window coverings for your skylights. Doing this will not only help you operate them with ease but also open more options and features for you to access. You can control the window treatments using a remote or even your Smartphone. You can automate their operability by programming based on your routine and living habits.
In the case of operable skylights, you can opt for window coverings that can move with the skylights. This will allow you to open the skylights to allow fresh air inside the room without having to dismount the window coverings. Finding suitable window coverings for your skylights is just a tad bit more difficult than finding ones for your regular windows. However, the key is to consider the relevant factors associated with the skylights. You need lightweight coverings that can block heat effectively and are also good at light-filtration. You should opt for the options that check all these boxes and you are good to go.

domain: design


The busy Ohio River freight corridor along West Virginia’s northern panhandle paused on April 26 to make way for barges transporting a 830-ft tied-arch bridge span that will form the signature element of a new $131-million crossing between Wellsburg, W. Va., and Brilliant, Ohio.
Flatiron Construction Corp., lead contractor for the project, oversaw assembly of span segments and approach girders at an offsite riverside location. Placed atop a hydraulic jacking beam system, the 4,100-ton structure was floated one mile to the project site, where it was lifted and secured atop concrete piers approximately 80 ft above the river. The transport and preliminary installation process was completed in approximately 13 hours.
Designed by RS&H and COWI, with Stantec providing quality assurance services, the 1,875-ft-long crossing will also include five approach spans, making it one of the longest tied-arch bridges the U.S. upon substantial completion in October 2022.
The project is the West Virginia Dept. of Transportation’s first use of a public-private partnership for infrastructure, and was developed in collaboration with the Ohio Dept. of Transportation. With the nearest existing river crossings located eight and 13 miles away, the new bridge will dramatically reduce travel times between Wellsburg and the Ohio Valley.


LG’s first official gaming laptop features RTX 3080 processor and 11th gen Intel processor
Electronics giant LG has entered the gaming laptop market with what actually looks like a pretty good kit. The company is known for making all kinds of electronics like washing machines, refrigerators, soundbars, or some of our favorite TVs to play with. While LG has made many laptops in the past, this is the first to be labeled as being for gaming. And fair enough also considering the specifications.
LG’s new gaming laptop joins the company’s UltraGear product line, like this LG UltraGear 32GP850-B gaming monitor. What that seems to mean is a big screen, among other cool specs, at least on paper anyway. The 17-inch 1920×1080 IPS panel has a refresh rate of 300Hz, so you should definitely be able to take advantage of the Nvidia GeForce RTX 3080 Max-Q graphics card and the 11th Gen Intel Tiger Lake H processor inside this. slim unit.
At 17 inches, the 17G90Q model unit advertised by LG is a bit larger than most gaming laptops, but it’s still only 21.4mm thick and weighs 2.7kg. That makes it a bit heavier and thicker than one of our favorite gaming laptops this year, the Razer Blade 15 with probably a similar processor but a bigger screen and a bigger 93Wh battery. These specs put it more in line, and rightly so, with our favorite big-screen laptop, the Asus Rog Strix Scar 17 gaming laptop. But it also came with a hefty price tag of Â£ 3,500 or $ 3,000. USD, and with LG not yet telling us how much this new gaming beast will cost, that could sting a bit.
There are a few other specs here that seem particularly beneficial for gamers, like the inclusion of DTS: X Ultra support for 3D sound, and the steam chamber that LG claims will keep the thing super cool even when working hard. . It can hold up to 32GB of RAM and 1TB of SSD storage. But it’s also just a nice unit with a potentially solid design. There’s even a fully customizable RGB keyboard, because LG knows who it’s for now.
We should find out more about LG’s new gaming laptops during the company’s presentation at CES on January 4.