|Publication number||US5210778 A|
|Application number||US 07/685,266|
|Publication date||May 11, 1993|
|Filing date||Apr 12, 1991|
|Priority date||Apr 20, 1990|
|Also published as||DE69131806D1, DE69131806T2, EP0453036A2, EP0453036A3, EP0453036B1, US5552997|
|Publication number||07685266, 685266, US 5210778 A, US 5210778A, US-A-5210778, US5210778 A, US5210778A|
|Inventors||Desire J. L. Massart|
|Original Assignee||U.S. Philips Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (87), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The invention relates to a method of calibrating an analytical instrument which uses a comparative technique for determining a constituent of a sample, the method comprising the steps of
a) measuring a characteristic of a plurality of standards having different nominal values,
b) storing the measured characteristic in association with its corresponding nominal value,
c) determining using statistical techniques a best straight calibration line using the stored values, and
d) determining the quality of the calibration line.
In many chemical analyses a comparative technique is used to determine properties of a sample. This involves the measurement of one or more characteristics of a plurality of standards to produce a calibration curve. For example in atomic absorption spectroscopy a series of standards containing a known range of concentrations of a given element are measured to determine their absorption and a graph of absorption against concentration is plotted. The absorption of an unknown sample is then measured and the concentration of the element to be detected is then determined using the calibration curve. It is generally assumed that at least at lower concentrations the calibration curve will be linear and will pass through the origin. Various techniques can be used for constructing the best straight line calibration curve from the measured absorbance values of the standard solutions, for example as disclosed in a paper entitled "Exploratory Study on Median-based Robust Regression Methods for Linear Calibration in Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Analysis" by Yuzhu Hu, Johanna Smeyers-Verbeke and Desire L Massart published in Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy, October 1989 Vol. 4, pages 605-611. In addition, it is known to use statistical techniques to assess the quality of the calibration line as this will indicate the most appropriate statistical technique for constructing it and such a criterion is defined by Knecht and Stork in Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem, 1974, 270,97.
While these techniques will enable a straight line to be fitted to the measured points and the quality of that line to be assessed they do not provide an easy analysis of the cause of any lack of quality, that is whether it is due to measurement inaccuracies or to trying to fit a straight line to data which in fact defines a curved calibration line.
It is an object of the invention to enable the determination of possible causes of lack of quality of a calibration line.
The invention provides a method of calibrating an analytical instrument as set forth in the opening paragraph, characterised by the performance of the further steps, when the quality of the calibration line is not acceptable, of
e) determining the slope of the line joining each of the stored measured characteristics and nominal values to the origin, and
f) determining whether the slopes have a given order.
By measuring the slopes and finding whether or not they are random it can be determined whether the problem is in the precision of measurement of the standards or the quality of the standards, which will be the case if the slopes are random, or whether the points do not represent a straight line through the origin.
When the slopes are ordered there are two possible explanations. Either the points represent a straight line which does not pass through the origin or they represent a curved line.
Accordingly the method may comprise the further steps when the slopes are in the given order, of
g) determining the slope of each stored measured and nominal value with respect to the first stored measured characteristic and nominal value,
h) determining whether the slopes have a given order, and if so,
i) indicating curvature of the calibration line, or if not,
j) indicating that the calibration line does not pass through the origin.
The number of calibration standards used may be between four and six inclusive. With fewer than four measured points the statistical basis of the invention becomes less valid and as the number of standards increase the computational effort involved increases. There is no absolute upper limit apart from the set by the computational speed and the time allowed for computation of the results. At present it is considered that, particularly for atomic absorption spectroscopy, an upper limit of six standards gives an acceptable calibration without requiring unreasonable computation effort. That is, it can be carried out on an IBM PC compatible computer in an acceptable time.
The statistical technique in step c) may be the least squares method. It is generally not desired to use a robust regression method to obtain the calibration function but the robust methods are generally employed in the diagnosis of the reasons for lack of quality and for the elimination of outliers.
The analytical instrument may be an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the measured characteristic being the absorbance of the standard and the nominal value the concentration of the standard. In which case if an outlier is detected at the maximum standard concentration then curvature of the calibration line at higher concentrations may be indicated and if the absorbance at zero concentration is detected as an outlier then a blank problem may be indicated.
If a statistical technique such as least median of squares method is used it is possible to detect outliers and their position and hence this forms an alternative method of detecting a blank problem which is particularly useful when only four standards are used and also enables detection of curvature at high concentration levels.
The analytical instrument may be an X-ray spectrometer, the measured characteristic being the intensity of the X-rays received by the detector from the standard, and the nominal value being the concentration of the standard.
The invention further provides an atomic absorption spectrophotometer comprising means for storing measured absorbance values of a plurality of standards in association with the concentration values of corresponding standards, means for determining, using statistical techniques, a best straight calibration line, means for determining the quality of the calibration line, means for determining the ratio of absorbance to concentration for each of the measured standards and means for determining whether the ratios have a given order, whereby it can be determined whether a calibration line which is not of acceptable quality is caused by lack of measurement precision.
The atomic absorption spectrophotometer may further comprise means for determining whether the slope of each of the measured standards with respect to the first measured standard are in a given order whereby it can be determined whether a blank problem exists.
The number of standards may lie between four and six inclusive. This gives sufficient statistical validity without requiring unreasonable computing power. The statistical technique may be the least squares method. If an outlier(s) is/are detected at the highest concentration standard(s) curvature of the calibration line at high concentrations may be indicated and the atomic absorption spectrophotometer may comprise means for indicating the region of a linear calibration curve. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer may further comprise means for indicating a blank problem if zero concentration, zero absorbance is detected as an outlier. This provides an alternative method of detecting a blank problem which may be used, for example when only four standards are measured and consequently there are insufficient slopes with respect to the first standard point to give proper statistical validity to the determination of whether the line is straight or curved by noting the order of the slopes.
The atomic absorption spectrophotometer may comprise means for storing measured absorption values of a plurality of standards added to the sample, means for determining, using statistical techniques, a best straight standards addition line, means for determining whether the slopes of each measured sample plus standard point with respect to the sample point is in a given order whereby it can be determined whether curvature of the standard addition line occurs.
The atomic absorption spectrophotometer may further comprise means for determining the quality of the standards addition line and for comparing its slope with that of the calibration line if both are satisfactory to determine whether matrix interference problems exist.
Thus the same method can be applied to the standards addition line as those applied to the calibration line except that the detection of a blank problem is not relevant in that there will always be a sample absorbance and consequently it can only be determined whether a random variation of slopes with respect to the sample absorption occurs.
The above and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows an atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to the invention of calibrating an atomic absorption spectrophotometer,
FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are illustrative calibration curves, and
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to the invention of calibrating an atomic absorption spectrophotometer using the standards addition technique.
FIG. 1 shows an atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to the invention which comprises a commercial atomic absorption spectrophotometer 1, which may be any convenient instrument, for example that sold by Philips Scientific under the type reference PU9400X. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer is connected to a computer 2 which may be an IBM PC compatible computer available from many manufacturers and which will include an input device such as a keyboard and a video display unit (VDU) for numerical or graphical display of measurements and/or instrument parameters. The computer 2 is arranged to receive the analytical results from the spectrophotometer 1 either by direct connection or by entry of the results read from the spectrophotometer by an analyst and entered into the computer 2 via its keyboard.
The computer 2 may contain software for enabling the analysis of results and storage means for storing the results either temporarily in RAM or semi-permanently on floppy or hard discs. Further, a printer may be provided to enable hard copies of the results to be obtained. The computer 2 also contains software for carrying out parts of the method illustrated in the flow diagram shown in FIG. 2.
As is well known the analysis of samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy is a comparative technique, that is the determination of the concentration of a given element in a sample is carried out by comparing the absorption produced by the sample with that produced by a standard. In practice the absorption of a number of standards of differing concentrations, typically between 4 and 6 inclusive, is measured and a graph of absorption against concentration is obtained. The absorption of the sample is then measured and the concentration determined by means of the graph. In the context of atomic absorption spectroscopy the present invention is concerned with the validation of the calibration line and the determination of the reasons causing a non-valid calibration line. The method in its various aspects can diagnose the calibration line as one of the following:
1) A straight line of suitable quality for use in analysis of samples.
2) A straight line without sufficient precision to be used in analysis of samples.
3) A straight line with a blank problem, that is the absorbance of a standard of zero concentration is not zero.
4) The calibration line is curved.
5) The calibration line is curved at one end but has a linear portion.
6) The calibration line is straight but has one or more outliers.
Once the diagnosis into one of types 1) to 6) has been made, the analyst can then decide on the next appropriate steps to take. Thus in the first case the analyst will proceed to measuring the unknown samples confident that the calibration curve can be relied on. In the second case the analyst may repeat the measurement of the standards and if that does not produce a satisfactory line will then investigate whether the standards have been properly prepared or have become contaminated or whether different instrumental parameters might give better precision. In the third case again a remeasurement of the standards may be undertaken together with investigation of the blank solution and instrumental parameters. In the fourth case the analyst may again remeasure and/or change instrumental parameters in an attempt to obtain a straight line calibration curve or may accept a curved line and use a polynomial curve fitting routine. In the fifth case the analyst may restrict the measurement of samples to the linear portion of the calibration curve, that is only accept as a valid measurement samples of a concentration which lie on the straight line portion. In the sixth case, provided that sufficient good points remain, the analyst may use a calibration line which ignores the outlier point(s).
In atomic absorption spectroscopy it is often convenient to use aqueous standards but the samples may be in other matrices. For example, when measuring say lead in blood or in urine, these other matrices may interfere with the measured results giving erroneous values if a comparison with aqueous standards is used. In order to overcome this, the use of the technique of standards addition is known. This involves the construction of a further calibration line based on the measurement of the absorption of the sample to which has been added a given volume of a standard of known concentration. A plurality of these measurements are made with standards having different concentrations and a calibration line known as the standards addition line is produced. This is tested in a similar way to the normal calibration line. When good calibration and standards addition lines are obtained, their slopes are compared and if they are equal (within a given tolerance) it is concluded that no interference effects are present and consequently the aqueous standards calibration line can be used. If the slopes are not equal various known techniques can be adopted to reduce the matrix interferences.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating the method according to the invention when applied to atomic absorption spectroscopy. The first step of the method MEAS.STAN (Box 100) is to measure the absorbance of each of a plurality of standards of different known concentrations. The second step PL.STAN (Box 101) is to plot the measured absorbance against concentration. Of course, when using a computer for analysing the results this step may be purely conceptual in that a hard copy graph may not exist but merely be represented by data within the computer memory. The next step F.ST.L (Box 102) is to fit a straight line through the measured points and the origin using appropriate statistical techniques, for example the least squares method. A quality co-efficient is then calculated CALC.QC (Box 103). The quality co-efficient may for example be based on the co-efficient of quality proposed by Knecht and Stork. In this embodiment the quality co-efficient (QC) is defined as ##EQU1## where yi is the measurement at each data point, yi is the value predicted by the least squares line and N is the number of points, not including the zero point. A test is then made Q.C O/K? (Box 104) to determine whether the calculated quality co-efficient is within a given limit, for example 5%. If the answer is YES then an indication is given that the calibration line is satisfactory and may be used for performing sample measurements U.LFM (Box 105). This may be done via the video display unit of the computer either in the form of a good/bad display, by displaying the actual quality co-efficient, by displaying the calculated calibration curve, or by a combination of these. Alternatively, in a more fully automated system a proceed lamp may be illuminated on the spectrophotometer.
If the quality co-efficient is not within the given limit a number of further steps can be taken. The slopes of each of the measured points from the origin are determined MSFO (Box 106) and tested to see whether they are random or ordered R? (Box 107). As can be seen from FIG. 3, if the measured points are randomly scattered about the straight line it can be assumed that the problem is one of measurement precision. If this is so, then a line may be fitted using the least median of squares technique LMS (Box 108) and a test is then made to discover whether an outlier exists 0? (Box 109). If no outliers exist then the problem is one of general measurement precision and this can be indicated to the analyst INSUF.PREC (Box 119) who may then decide to relax the quality co-efficient required or may remeasure the standards in an attempt to improve the precision. If an outlier is found, a test is made to determine whether it is the last point on the line LP? (Box 110). If the answer is YES then a curvature of the calibration line at high concentrations is diagnosed and indicated RR (Box 111) and the analyst is advised to restrict the measurement range to the linear portion of the calibration line. If the answer is NO, that is the outlier is at an intermediate point, it is indicated that a false measurement has been made BLUN (Box 112). The analyst can then re-measure the appropriate standard or ignore the outlier. If curvature of the line at high concentrations is detected then the procedure from box 102 may be repeated with the last point deleted. This procedure may be repeated a number of times provided that a sufficient number of calibration points remain.
If in the test represented by Box 107 the answer is NO, that is the slopes are not random, this indicates that the calibration line is either curved as illustrated in FIG. 4 or is straight but does not pass through the origin as illustrated in FIG. 5. To determine which of these states is occurring, a test is made to see whether there are four or more standards n<4? (Box 113) and if so the slopes of the measured points are determined with respect to the first point rather than with respect to the origin MSFI (Box 114). A test is then carried out to determine whether these slopes are random R? (Box 115). If the answer is YES a blank problem is indicated BL.PR (Box 117) and the analyst will then normally investigate the reason for the blank problem, for example a contaminated blank solution, and then correct and re-measure the standards. If the answer is NO then the calibration line is curved and an indication is given to the analyst that the calibration line is non-linear NLL (Box 116).
It should be noted that if a decision at the 5% significance level is to be taken the tests 107 and 115 cannot be used with fewer than four standards since the probability of the occurrence of each permutation is too high. Consequently, with four standards only test 107 can be used since for test 115 only three slopes are left.
If the result of the test n<4? is YES then the calibration line is fitted using a robust regression method, such as the least medium of squares, LMS (Box 118) and a test is then made to determine whether the zero concentration absorbance is an outlier 00? (Box 120). If it is then a blank problem is indicated BL.PR (Box 117) and if it is not then a non-linear calibration line is indicated NLL (Box 116).
The tests 107 and 115 are based on the probability that if the calibration line is linear the measured points will be randomly distributed around the regression line as illustrated in FIG. 3. This has the consequence that the slope of the line joining the measurement points to the origin will be ranked randomly. That is in FIG. 3 slope 1>slope 4>slope 5>slope 2>slope 3. However, when there is systematic curvature as in FIG. 4 there will be ordered ranking. That is slope 1>slope 2>slope 3>slope 4>slope 5. There are n! different permutations possible where n is the number of measurement points. In other words, the slopes can be ranked in n! different ways. Consequently, each of these rankings has a probability of 1/n!. The specific ranking shown in FIG. 4 therefore has an occurrence probability of 1/120 or 0.8%. If such a ranking is found, it can be concluded that the line is not straight with a probability of rejecting straightness incorrectly of 0.8%. This is subject to the condition illustrated in FIG. 5 which will be discussed later.
However, it is possible that for a non-linear calibration curve a strict ranking may not be obtained due to scatter of measurement points around the curve. Therefore, permutations where the ranking of two successive slopes is inverted may also be taken into account. For five data points four such inversions are possible, namely:
If these permutations are taken into account, the probability of rejecting straightness is still smaller than 5%
For calibration lines with four standards, no inversions can be allowed since the probability of systematic ranking is already 4%.
For calibration lines with six standards, permutations containg up to three inversions of successive slopes, for example 2>1>4>3>6>5, may be allowed while maintaining a probability of rejecting a straight line incorrectly of less than 5%.
Clearly, as the number of standards is increased so the number of given orders can be increased while still having a small probability of incorrectly rejecting a straight line.
The test 115 is used to distinguish between a curved calibration line and a straight line which does not pass through the origin and hence is either a standards addition line or is a calibration line where a blank problem exists. As can be seen, if the curve shown in FIG. 5 is considered the slopes of standards 1 to 5 are ordered. That is slope 1>slope 2>slope 3>slope 4>slope 5. However, if the slopes are now measured with respect to standard 1, then they become random. That is slope 3>slope 5>slope 4>slope 2. In order for this test to be valid at least four standards need to be measured. If less than four standards are measured, the probability of incorrectly rejecting a straight line becomes high and test 115 is less useful.
A similar procedure is followed for a standards addition line and is illustrated in FIG. 7. The first step is to measure the absorbance of a sample and the absorbance of a plurality of standards added to the sample MSS (Box 200). The measured results are then plotted PL.RES (Box 201) and a straight line fitted to the plotted points using an appropriate statistical technique FT.ST.L (Box 202). A quality co-efficient is then calculated CALC.QC (Box 203) and then tested to determine whether it falls within a given limit QC O/K? (Box 204). If it does then the slope of the standards addition line is compared with that of the aqueous standards calibration line SLSA? (Box 214) and if they are the same (within predetermined limits) then an indication is given that the aqueous standards calibration line can be used for the measurement of samples USCL (Box 215). If the slopes are unequal then it is indicated that a matrix problem exists MA.PR (Box 216) and the analyst would then take appropriate action to minimise the matrix interferences.
If the quality co-efficient of the line is not acceptable, that is the answer to the test QC O/K? (Box 204) is NO then a similar procedure to that described with reference to FIG. 2 is carried out. There are some differences, however, which will become apparent from the following description. The slopes of the plotted points are determined with reference to the sample measurement point MSFS (Box 206) rather than with respect to the origin since there will always be a sample absorbance. It is then determined whether these slopes are random or ordered R? (Box 207). If they are ordered then a non-linear standards addition line is indicated NLSA (Box 217). It will be appreciated that this corresponds to the test 115 in FIG. 2 as the test 107 is not applicable to the standards addition line as it does not pass through the origin, that is there is always an absorbance at the zero standard concentration due to the presence of the sample.
If the slopes are random then a robust regression technique such as the least median of squares is used to fit the line to the points LMS (Box 208). A test is then made to see if there are any outliers 0? (Box 209). If the answer is NO then insufficient precision of measurement is indicated, INSUF.PREC (Box 219), to the analyst who may then decide to relax the quality co-efficient required or may perform the standards addition analysis again in an attempt to improve the precision. If the answer is YES then a further test is made to determine whether the last point is an outlier LP? (Box 210) and if the answer is YES then an indication that the measurement range should be restricted RES.RG (Box 211) is made and the procedure from Box 202 is repeated with the last point omitted. If the last point is an outlier it is reasonable to assume that curvature of the line is occurring at high absorbances. If the outlier is not the last point then a measurement error is indicated BLUN (Box 212) and the analyst will then re-measure at least the point which is an outlier.
While the method has been described as applied to atomic absorption spectroscopy it will be apparent that it is applicable to the generation and testing of calibration lines for any comparative measurement technique.
For example the method is also applicable to X-ray analysis such as X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction measurement, particularly for quantitive phase analysis. In this case in FIG. 1 reference 1 represents an X-ray spectrometer such as that sold by Philips Analytical under the type reference PW 1480 rather than an atomic absorption spectrometer. X-ray spectrometry is, like atomic absorption spectrometry, a comparative technique and the intensity of X-rays received by the detector is an indication of the concentration of the sample. However in order to determine the concentration of a selected substance in a sample the use of a calibration curve is required. Thus the intensity of the X-rays received by the detector for a series of standards of varying concentrations is measured and plotted to produce a graph of intensity against concentration in similar fashion to the atomic absorption calibration curve of absorption against concentration. The concentration of a given sample can then be determined by measuring the received X-ray intensity and reading off the calibration curve the corresponding concentration. Clearly the same conditions apply when producing the calibration curve for X-ray spectrometry as when producing that for atomic absorption spectroscopy though the steps taken to correct for unsatisfactory calibration curves may differ in view of the different analytical techniques and physical principles on which they are founded.
From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known in the design and use of analytical instruments and component parts thereof and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein. Although claims have been formulated in this application to particular combinations of features, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure of the present application also includes any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalisation of one or more of those features which would be obvious to persons skilled in the art, whether or not it relates to the same invention as presently claimed in any claim and whether or not it mitigates any or all of the same technical problems as does the present invention. The applicants hereby give notice that new claims may be formulated to such features and/or combinations of such features during the prosecution of the present application or of any further application derived therefrom.
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|US20060047445 *||Aug 25, 2005||Mar 2, 2006||Williams Mitchell J||System and method for calibrating remote emissions sensing instruments|
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|US20110022343 *||Jul 21, 2010||Jan 27, 2011||Cembrowski George S||Method and apparatus for calibration and testing of scientific measurement equipment|
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|WO1993021592A1 *||Apr 16, 1993||Oct 28, 1993||The Dow Chemical Company||Improved method for interpreting complex data and detecting abnormal instrument or process behavior|
|U.S. Classification||378/53, 702/86, 378/207, 73/1.03|
|International Classification||G01N15/06, G01N21/27, G01N21/31, G01N23/20, G01N23/22|
|Cooperative Classification||G01N21/3103, G01N21/274, G01N2201/129|
|Apr 12, 1991||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: U.S. PHILIPS CORPORATION, 100 EAST 42ND STREET, NY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MASSART, DESIRE J. L.;REEL/FRAME:005679/0871
Effective date: 19910326
|Oct 31, 1996||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 26, 2000||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 14, 2003||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: PANALYTICAL B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:U.S. PHILIPS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:014259/0628
Effective date: 20030708
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Year of fee payment: 12


text:
New fruits made of crystals are waiting to give you high payouts in this exciting and ever-changing game paylines that can be anything from 5 to 243.
New Players Only. Wager from real balance first. 50X wager the bonus. Contribution varies per game. selected games only. Wager calculated on bonus bets only. Bonus is valid 7 days from receipt. Max conversion: £20. Withdrawal requests void all active/pending bonuses. Excluded Skrill and Neteller deposits.
Full terms apply.

domain: game


text:
The number of Indian users on crypto exchange Binance has skyrocketed after the Indian government started levying taxes on crypto transactions. Meanwhile, daily trading volumes at several major crypto exchanges based in India are down more than 90% since the new tax rules went into effect.
Binance sees record number of Indian users
The number of Indian users registered on the global crypto exchange Binance has skyrocketed after 1% tax is deducted at source (TDS) went into effect in July, Bloomberg reported on Tuesday.
The number of downloads of the Binance app in India increased to 429,000 in August, the publication added, noting that the number was the highest this year. In contrast, the daily trading volume at several major crypto exchanges based in India is reported to be down above 90% since TDS 1% comes into effect.
Commenting on the new tariffs, Rohan Misra, Managing Director at SEBA India, a subsidiary of Switzerland-based SEBA Bank AG, said:
Recent tax regulation is not clear on whether the 1% tax withheld at source applies to crypto derivatives transactions involving futures contracts, as to transactions electronic cash delivery.
TDS 1% is hit on a new amount Tax 30% on returns from crypto assets. Furthermore, crypto trading losses cannot be offset with earnings. Indian crypto exchanges are also facing limited support from the banking system, making it difficult for users to transfer funds in and out of the trading platform.
Another foreign-based crypto exchange, FTX, has seen an increase in app downloads since January but not since July. The exchange has seen about 40,000 downloads in India in January, nearly 96,000 downloads in July, and 52,000 downloads in August.
However, Nasdaq-listed crypto exchange Coinbase Global Inc. saw its app downloads in India drop to 16,000 in August from nearly 31,000 in June Coinbase tried to expand its operations in India in April but quickly Have trouble with the UPI payment system.
While downloads of Binance’s app skyrocketed, several major Indian crypto exchanges are seeing a drop in the number of registered users, the publication said. According to data from market intelligence firm Sensor Tower, Indian crypto exchange Coindcx app downloads fell to 163,000 in August from 2.2 million in January.
Another Indian crypto exchange, Wazirx, saw its monthly app downloads drop to 92,000 in August from around 596,000 in January. The exchange has recently been in contention. Publicly disagree with Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao (CZ) about ownershipmake Zhao encourage Wazirx users transfer money to Binance. Wazirx’s bank accounts were frozen by India’s Enforcement Director (ED) in early August but have since been frozen. don’t freeze earlier this week.
As for whether Binance will begin collecting transaction taxes from users in India, a spokesperson for the exchange told the news outlet that the company is “currently monitoring the situation and will make further announcements in due course.” appropriate time”.
What do you think about Indian crypto investors choosing to use Binance? Let us know in the comments section below.
Image credits: Shutterstock, Pixabay, Wiki Commons
Disclaimer: This newspaper only gives true information. It is not a direct offer or solicitation to buy or sell, or a recommendation or endorsement for any product, service or company. Bitcoin.com does not provide investment, tax, legal or accounting advice. Neither the Company nor the author is responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any content, goods, or materials. goods or services mentioned in this article.

domain: finance


text:
This item will be manufactured ONLY IF THE MINIMUM ORDER GOAL IS REACHED. Read more about minimum production goals here.
This black and dark green backpack is inspired by Youmu Konpaku, the gardener of Hakugyokurou.
- Criss-crossing on the front and decorated with studs is a subtle reference to Roukanken and Hakurouken, Youmu’s iconic swords
- Embossing on the front pocket is reminiscent of the pattern on the hem of her skirt
- Original design including Youmu’s half-phantom and the cherry blossom motif from her katana is embossed on the side
- Silver zippers are inspired by Youmu’s hair color, adorned with black zipper pulls to represent her hair ribbon
- Vibrant green lining inspired by her dress
- Main compartment can comfortably store a 13-inch laptop and is equipped with a cushioned open compartment
- Roomy front pocket and cushioned shoulder straps for practicality and comfort
- Understated and versatile, this backpack is particularly convenient when commuting to work, school, or for gardening!
Officially licensed collaboration with ©Team Shanghai Alice
・Each item purchase comes with 1 purchase bonus for the Youmu Konpaku A5 clear file.
Country of Origin / China
Composition / Body: polyester, synthetic leather Lining: 100% polyester Hardware: iron, zinc alloy

domain: artistic


text:
Misa Los Angeles
Guided by the core principle of effortless femininity, MISA elevates the idea of easy dressing with fluid silhouettes that are brought to life through airy fabrics, confident prints and unique detailing. All of Misa’s pieces are handmade in Los Angeles by a team of designers, pattern-makers and sewists, most of whom have worked with the brand from the beginning. Many loving hands touch each garment — some with over 50 steps — in order to bring the collection to life each season.
Misa is a mindfully-made brand


Included in "The Cage" script book is a very special foreword by Eugene "Rod" Roddenberry, the only son of creator Gene Roddenberry
, providing his thoughts on this historic episode.
To celebrate the partnership, Wikia will host Eugene "Rod" Roddenberry, the son of legendary "Star Trek" creator Gene Roddenberry
and president of Roddenberry Entertainment, as its guest of honor at today's VIP Party at The Paris Club, to kick-off the Chicago Comic and Entertainment Expo (C2E2).
Up Close and Personal also features a special introduction by Eugene Roddenberry Jr.
726 total episodes for television spanning six television series -- Original series, created by Gene Roddenberry
, aired on NBC from 1966-1969 -- 10 movies, grossing in total over $1 billion at the worldwide box office -- Hundreds of novels -- $3.
Among them, actress Majel Roddenberry, widow of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry
, motion picture director, producer and writer James Cameron of Terminator, The Abyss and Aliens fame, filmmaker Steven Spielberg (Taken, Minority Report, Jurassic Park, ET: The Extra Terrestrial), and renowned Star Wars creator George Lucas.
10 /PRNewswire/ -- OVERVIEW: From legendary producer Gene Roddenberry
of Star Trek fame comes the 1997 Emmy(R)-nominated sci-fi epic Gene Roddenberry
's Earth Final Conflict: Season One.
Coming soon: ``Smallville,'' a Superman prequel in which viewers will be able to pat themselves on the back for catching ``inside'' references to the Man of Steel, and ``Enterprise,'' a ``Star Trek'' prequel in which viewers will be able to pat themselves on the back for catching ``inside'' references to the Gene Roddenberry
In March 2003, Digital Production Solutions (DPS), now a unit of IDT Entertainment, acquired rights to Starpoint Academy and Char, both Gene Roddenberry
To borrow a line from the series creator, the late Gene Roddenberry
, ``Star Trek'' is about polka dot people on a purple planet.
The daughter of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry
has lost her five-year fight to share his pounds 150million fortune.
Newcomers will likely respond across a wide spectrum, from blown away by Jackson's imposing settings and action sequences to unhappily enlightened (``Can you believe how many ideas Gene Roddenberry
, George Lucas and J.
Originally founded in 1967 by Gene Roddenberry
, the company has since led a steady stable of science fiction successes including Gene Roddenberry
's Earth: Final Conflict, Gene Roddenberry
's Andromeda and, most notably, the Star Trek brand.


Clement's Strada LGG tire is just as at home on your regular road loop as it is racing the Classics. Inspired by the legendary Clement tires of the past, the Strada LGG touches all the bases. Lightweight, folding construction and supremely supple sidewalls offer an unparalleled ride, while the traditional Clement chevron tread pattern provides an excellent grip in wet and dry conditions. And, thanks to the tire's puncture protection belt, you can crank out the base miles without concern.
Weight: 220-290 grams
|Black / 700 x 23c||815507010182||00005||210000073302|


text:
My movie is about:
• My movie is about a Warlock named Duke Crimson and his apprentice
Tristan Gnash. Crimson does not think Gnash is ready to become a warlock.
• That night Gnash preys to a ancient demon who owes gnash a favor. This
demon gives gnash a tonic which turns the victim into a troll and it cannot
be turned back, without a strand of a giants hair.
• The journey will be challenging and demanding.
• Duke will meet new friends and enemy's along the way.
• Bar fights, Mage fights, sword fights.
• Captivating story moments
• Remunerable characters
Movies I gained inspiration from
Lord Of The Rings: I really like this trilogy because Sam Gamgee &
Frodo Baggins. They were just such a good adventuring pair - wise,
distant Frodo, who would fail on his own, and the unwilling side-kick
who doesn't want to be there but is too loyal to leave. It's nice to see
an unlikely hero/set of hero's that isn't almost perfect
Harry Potter: A story that doesn’t die down immediately after the
narrative ends. This always leave people with speculations, predictions
about what possibly could have been an extension to the plot.
Why pick this movie?
• You should pick my film because:
• A fresh take on a fantasy film
• Original story
• Cool characters
• Revenge story
• Everyone can enjoy it
• Sweet soundtrack
• Tonnes of fights


TUSCALOOSA, Ala. - Alabama baseball secured a series win with a 13-1 victory over Richmond on Saturday afternoon at Sewell-Thomas Stadium.
The offense paired with a solid pitching performance for a second consecutive convincing win over the Spiders. Alabama's bats produced 13 runs on 15 hits, scoring in each of the first five frames, while the arms allowed just one run and combined for 12 strikeouts on the day.
Eight of the nine starters recorded at least one hit with Caden Rose highlighting the offensive effort. The junior center fielder finished 2-for-3 with a home run, a team-high five RBI and one run scored. He was part of nine total batters who tallied at least one run on the day with Jim Jarvis, Andrew Pinckney, Dominic Tamez and Drew Williamson all tying for the lead at two runs apiece.
Ben Hess (1-0) picked up right where he left off in last year's SEC Tournament to earn the Saturday win. The sophomore matched his career-high for innings with 6.0 scoreless frames, allowing just three hits and striking out six. He handed the ball over to a pair of freshmen in Riley Quick and Alton Davis II with the pair finishing the final 3.0 frames and combining for six punchouts.
From Head Coach Brad Bohannon
"This was a very similar story to yesterday. Ben (Hess) got us off to a great start. He was just outstanding, got ahead in the count and threw all of his pitches for a strike. He gave us a great start and the offense helped by scoring in the first innings. We kind of threw the first punch and extended the lead. We made a lot of hard contact up and down the lineup and it was just a really good effort by our club. I'm really proud of them, and I hope we can do it again tomorrow."
How It Happened
- B1 | Andrew Pinckney went opposite field for a solo homer. (1-0, Alabama)
- B2 | The Tide started the inning with a single and a walk to put two aboard. After one out, Caden Rose sent a ball over the wall in left for a three-run home run. Jim Jarvis followed with a triple and Colby Shelton brought him in on a sacrifice fly in the next at-bat. (5-0, Alabama)
- B3 | Dominic Tamez led things off with a double to center before a two-out walk from Drew Williamson put two aboard. Ed Johnson followed with a double to left-center to plate Tamez before a single from Rose in the next at-bat brought in both runners to cap the three-run inning. (8-0, Alabama)
- B4 | A pair of walks and a hit-by-pitch loaded the bases to start the fourth with Will Hodo grounding out to push a run across. Tommy Seidl added another tally with a sacrifice fly before a Williamson single widened the gap.(11-0, Alabama)
- B5 | Jarvis singled to start the rally before pinch-hitter Will Portera doubled to right to put the pair in scoring position. William Hamiter advanced everyone 90 feet on a 6-3 groundout with a single from Hodo one batter later crossing the inning's final run. (13-0, Alabama)
- T7 | A two-out single to left got the Spiders on the board. (13-1, Alabama)
- Ben Hess matched his career-high total for innings with 6.0 in today's start. He also threw 6.0 frames in his start at Samford on April 26 of last season.
- All nine offensive starters reached base safely once again on Saturday.
- Eight of Alabama's nine starters contributed at least one run scored.
- Eight of the nine starters recorded at least one hit in the game.
- The Crimson Tide totaled 15 hits in today's contest, the most since last season when UA recorded 18 hits on May 10 at Jacksonville State.
- Caden Rose set a new career-high total for RBI with five. His previous high was four against Samford on April 13, 2021.
- The five RBI were the most by a Tide player since Bryce Eblin had five against Arkansas on May 21 of last season.
- ATTENDANCE: 3,394
The two teams return to the diamond tomorrow at 12 p.m. CT. Alabama will send graduate right-hander Jacob McNairy to the hill in the bid for the series sweep while Richmond counters with Brenden Argomaniz, also a right-handed graduate student. The series finale between the Tide and Spiders will air on SEC Network+.
Get all the latest information on the team by following @AlabmaBSB on Twitter and Instagram and on Facebook at Alabama Baseball. General athletic news can be found at UA_Athletics on Twitter and Instagram and AlabamaAthletics on Facebook.


text:
A few days ago, Rabbi Yoshiyahu Pinto was hospitalized in Marrakech in a serious condition. After undergoing numerous tests and careful medical care, it turned out that he was suffering from a bacterial infection that caused him terrible pain and seriously affected his health and physical condition.
The Moroccan rabbi, who was appointed about a year ago as president of the Rabbinical Court of Moroccan Jews, carried out the Coronavirus test, but the result was negative, which reassured his followers, his team in Morocco and around the world.
Rabbi Pinto, who is only 47 years old, has been suffering for years from cancer, forcing him to undergo treatment between Morocco and the United States, but due to the spread of the pandemic in Morocco and the closure of the borders, he was unable to travel to New York, where he is being treated at the hospital.
However, despite his illness, Rabbi Pinto is determined to continue giving his religious lessons, which he publishes on social networks, while answering questions asked by his followers, even if he finds it difficult to sit and speak for a long time.
Since the declaration of the state of health emergency in Morocco, he has accompanied members of the Jewish community, ensuring the availability of “kosher” food and supervising slaughter according to the norms of the Jewish religion, especially on special occasions such as Shabbat and Pesach.
Throughout the period of confinement, the Moroccan rabbi has devoted telephone numbers to members of the Jewish community residing in Morocco in order to contact him and obtain the answers they wish to receive on various religious matters. He has always listened to their problems and found appropriate solutions.
Rabbi Pinto calls upon all children of the Jewish community in Morocco and abroad to pray to Jehovah (God) for their health and well-being. Amen ve amen

domain: news


text:
Juice WRLD, Lil Peep and XXXTentacion are symbols of a scene that trades off tragedy
After several high-profile deaths, hip-hop culture is in crisis. But these tragedies are part and parcel of a music world that romanticises, and profits from, artistic fatalism and human fallibility.
spotify are blacklisting r kelly from playlists: who should be next and where do we draw the line?
Yesterday, the streaming giant announced that R Kelly’s music will no longer appear in its company owned playlists. That brings up some interesting questions about censorship and the moral ambiguity of enjoying art by certain individuals.


text:
Insufficient account authority
- It prompts that the authority is insufficient when you are processing futures trading on OKX. At this time, you need to change the account mode from [Simple ] to [Single-Currency Margin] or [Multi-Currency Margin] on OKX Exchange, and connect it in the API key connecting page with futures trading permission
- Insufficient permission is prompted when trading equity tokens. At this time, you need to go to the FTX exchange for additional investor authentication
Account disabled for trading
This is because the laws of your country or region prohibit trading or trigger the risk control of the exchange. When these problems occur, you need to log in to the exchange to view the help documents provided by the exchange or contact customer service for help.
Trading pair unavailable
This could be that the exchange is under maintenance or the pair has been delisted. If this problem occurs, you need to log in to the exchange to check the status of the current trading pair. If it is not delisted, you can try to place an order directly on the exchange to see if it can be traded normally, and you may find the problem.

domain: economics


text:
Brandon and two newcomers, Max and Zach, discuss their favorite indie games, but first, they play a brand new game called "They Said What?" where they guess games according to their reviews.
Don't forget to follow us on Podbean for notifications on when we upload podcasts!
Follow us on Twitter for reminders about podcasts, YouTube videos, articles, and industry news.
Don't forget to visit SickCritic.com for gaming news, reviews, opinions, podcasts, and more!

domain: entertainment


text:
Director of College Programs
The Director of College Programs serves as the advocate for the association’s college members and the college game with the NCAA and other college soccer governance bodies. It is also the liaison for college soccer coaches to organizations including U.S. Soccer, MLS, NWSL, NCAA committees and represents United Soccer Coaches on the Intercollegiate Coaches Association Coalition (ICAC).
Hughes came to the position after three and half years as Athletic Director of Salem College in Winston-Salem, NC. During her successful tenure at Salem, she led multiple community initiatives, developed a college-wide NCAA Compliance education program, and implemented and monitored Title IX training strategies plans and processes. Her career path has included not only athletic administration at Salem, the University of New Haven and the University of Montevallo, but a wide variety of NCAA committees and projects, head soccer coach roles at the University of Montevallo and Belmont University, assistant coach at Auburn University and a stint as Director of Operations for a large youth soccer club. She also had a playing career, which included both college and appearances for the Ireland Women’s National Team.
Visit www.UnitedSoccerCoaches.org/join/college for more information on College Services!

domain: sports


text:
Level one – February 17th 2018. We return to the Molinos del Guadaira in an easy level one excursion, about 8 km long and 80 meters of ascent. It is an ideal day for the whole family where we’ll visit and explore different mills. We get to Alcalá de Guadaira by public bus.
Alcalá de Guadaira is a beautiful Sevillian town located in the region of Los Alcores and only 17 kilometers from Seville. It has an important artistic and cultural heritage where its castle of Moorish origin is of note. In the Gandul archaeological area there are several dolmens, and along the banks of the Guadaira river we’ll visit the fortified mills.
The water mills of the Guadaira River date from the Islamic period and as a consequence of the importance of the Alcalareña bakery industry, the city was known as “Alcalá de los Panaderos”.
On this excursion we will visit the San Juan Mill, the Benarosa Mill, the Algarrobo Mill, the Tapada Mill, the Aceña Mill, the Arrabal Mill, the Eras Mill and the Realaje Mill.
We’ll meet at the car park of the Riberas del Guadaira Auditorium Theater at 10.30 a.m. (Coordinates Gps 37.336523, -5.853731), and leave at 11 o’clock along the banks of the Guadaira, to do a circular tour of about 8 kilometers visiting the different mills and walking through the beautiful countrside.
We will finish the day sharing some sandwiches in the field in front of the castle of Guadaira, that we’ll visit after the shared meal.
It is an excursion classified as easy or low level, which is € 8 for adults and € 3 for children. For premium members it is free. If you want to come with us, please register giving us your full name and mobile by email, or fill out the form or call us at +34 610907739.

domain: travel


Map sensor detects absolute pressure of the intake manifold which behind the throttle .It is bassed On the change of the anifold absolute pressure which detect by the size of the engine speed and load,and then converted into a voltage signal sent to the ECU,ECU according to the size of the signal voltage to control the size of the basic fuel injection quantify. http://www.hongsean.com/
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text:
Covid furlough fraud cases double in six months as bill hits £57bn
Reports of possible furlough fraud have topped 26,000, raising fears that chancellor Rishi Sunak’s job protection scheme has been abused.
HM Revenue & Customs said it had received 26,232 reports by the beginning of last week, up from 23,500 at the start of last month and double the 13,114 in October.
A total of 11.4 million jobs have been protected by the scheme — which has paid 80 per cent of private sector wages at its most generous — since it was launched a year ago. Furlough has cost taxpayers £57 billion — a big chunk of Sunak’s total bailout bill of about £352 billion.
Users have come under pressure to return furlough funds when they are back in profit, especially if they want to


text:
By day, Christine Nagle oversees, in the Water Management Administration, the program that protects public drinking water.
But by night, Christine makes the transition from state regulator to local governing leader in College Park, where she is serving her second term on the city council.
She served on the council initially from 2009-11 but lost her re-election bid by two votes. She made another run at it in 2015 and was elected again.
Christine found that she was interested in politics and public service early on. She knocked on doors during her 20s for state senate candidates before deciding later to become a city council candidate herself.
She got involved on the local level because of improvements she said that needed to be made in the comprehensive plan in the College Park community in which she lived, Daniels Park. She also said there was the need for more transparency and accountability in city government, specifically to have a better website.
"They needed someone more in touch with the community and the things that everyone wanted preserved," Christine said. "In today’s society, people are looking for a strong web presence. At a city level, how much time you put into council work it is how well you do," she said, adding that she devotes 20 to 30 hours a week to council work including meetings, answering emails from residents, attending meetings and reviewing meeting materials, communicating with colleagues on the council and followup requests.
Christine holds degrees from the Community College of the Air Force and Towson University, and earned her J.D. degree from the University of Baltimore. Licensed to practice law in Maryland, California and Washington, D.C., Christine has worked on employment and civil rights issues, community group issuess, and contract law.
Balancing work at MDE and duties as council is a difficult task. She said both of the jobs can be very demanding and sometimes it requires "no sleep." Christine said her most important goal is to maintain communication with her community and colleagues to fulfill their needs.
Christine is also a former board member of College Park’s Meals on Wheels. That organization is responsible for preparing and delivering meals to those who are unable to prepare food on their own. For $5 a day, Meals on Wheels provides a hot lunch, dinner, and a breakfast meal for the next morning. Christine served on the board for five years, helping it acquire additional funding and deliver meals on holidays.
"The most rewarding thing that each of my endeavors share is the feeling that you get resolving problems and the positive impact that follows," Christine said.
1800 Washington Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21230

domain: sociology


text:
Just call it MTV South.
OK, that's a stretch, but the stars must have aligned somehow to put Usher, Snoop Dogg and the Jonas Brothers all in the I-4 corridor between Orlando and Daytona Beach within 72 hours. The MTV A-listers are among the headliners at a pair of music fests competing for attention this holiday weekend.
In Orlando, Snoop will be the main attraction at the Bandwagon Roadshow on Saturday at the Citrus Bowl's Festival Field. He'll be part of an all-day car show and music lineup that features Sublime with Rome, the Rev. Horton Heat, Mix Master Mike and a generous assortment of Orlando acts.
That list includes the highly regarded rockabilly outfit Big Jef Special, separate sets by Swamburger and DiViNCi (of Solillaquists of Sound) and an afternoon set by punk-rap hybrid Whole Wheat Bread.
There's an additional local presence on the Internet radio station connected with the event, a project put together by Orlando entrepreneur Jimi Beach and local musician Joseph Martens. More than a dozen themed radio shows are planned to play continuously at radiobandwagon.com, showcasing the music and voices of Orlando acts.
"This will go way past Saturday," Martens says. "This will be a permanent radio station that will feature under one umbrella the finest of what Orlando has to offer. It'll be a noncommercial, but educated, voice to the international music scene, all coming from Orlando."
As for the event itself, the plans are to expand into eight cities next year, with the backbone of homegrown Orlando acts part of the mix.
There's also local pride attached to this weekend's American Music Festival (amf2010.com), which brings Usher and the Jonas Brothers to the Ocean Center in Daytona Beach. Civic leaders are touting the festival, with a lineup that also includes Tony Bennett, Buddy Guy and others, as a path to finally erasing the stained image of debauchery that remains from MTV spring-break madness almost 20 years ago.
(Never mind that the Jonas Brothers and Usher are both popular right now on MTV.)
Usher hits town on the heels of his new "Versus," offering eight leftovers from his platinum "Raymond V Raymond." These slick generic-sounding tracks are for completists only, but there's still the prospect of a flashy stage show tonight at the Ocean Center.
And there will be screaming, of course, when Demi Lovato and the Jonas Brothers perform Sunday at Ocean Center. After all, the kids screamed earlier this summer when Kevin Jonas did nothing more than read off cue cards as a host of the Lifehouse show in Daytona Beach.
Rabbit! makes a run
Maybe you've heard, but it's really hard to make a living in the music business.
Devin Moore and Ashton Allen know that firsthand, after slogging through the trenches in a pair of promising bands, Orlando's Bloom and Gainesville's Big Sky. Now, they have come together to meld creativity and commerce into an innovative success story — and a new band.
In a suburban home in Mount Dora, Moore and Allen have spent several years making highly evolved jingles for companies such as Honda, Pacific Sunwear and Frito-Lay. The day job yielded a new band, Rabbit!, which will play a rare Orlando gig on Wednesday at Will's Pub to promote the new "Connect the Dots."
"It's changed the way I view what constitutes a song," Moore says of the project. "In rock bands, it's always about bigger and bigger. This is effective with an acoustic guitar and ukulele."
See for yourself …
Bandwagon Roadshow, with music by Snoop Dogg, Sublime with Rome, the Rev. Horton Heat and others, and classic car show
When: 11 a.m.-11:30 p.m. Saturday (car show from 10 a.m.-8 p.m.)
Where: Festival Field at Orlando Citrus Bowl, 1610 W. Church St., Orlando.
Cost: $48 general admission, $130 VIP package ($10 pit pass at gate for car show).


This paper on the recent 'universal civil service' reform aims to investigate which constitutional rules allow foreigner's access to the service. The work begins with a survey on the evolution of the civil service, which is now no longer connected with military service and doesn't require a conscientious objection. The civil service is a form of execution of the 'Patria defense' duty, under art. 52 Cost., because this defense, as recognized by the Constitutional Court, can be also realized through non-military means and social engagement activities. The previous rule that prevented a foreigner legally resident in Italy to carry out the civil service was declared unconstitutional because unreasonable. The civil service, indeed, just because intended to aims of social solidarity, may be an opportunity for the foreigner's integration into community, as well as an opportunity for the human person growth.
|Titolo tradotto del contributo
|[Autom. eng. transl.] The institution of the universal civil service and its opening to foreigners legally residing in Italy
|Numero di pagine
|Stato di pubblicazione
|Pubblicato - 2016
- difesa Patria
- servizio civile


text:
On the last night of Coachella’s first weekend, headlining act David Guetta had a little surprise in store for the crowd. The superstar DJ staged a reunion of all four Black Eyed Peas members, who performed the worldwide smash “I Gotta Feeling” following the premiere of a new BEP/Guetta track called, “This Is Awesome.” Last… Read more »
Posts Tagged: black eyed peas
At the turn of the New Year Black Eyed Peas founding emcee Will.I.Am. tweeted that in 2015, BEP would return with new music. However if you’re seeking for new music from the quartet, look no further than Apl.de.Ap. The artist has kept busy since The Peas’ hiatus through charity work, his record label, and filming… Read more »
Fergie called in to “Ralphie Tonight” to chat about a number of different topics – from the music video to her latest single “L.A.LOVE (la la)” to the deadline for the John Lennon Songwriting Contest. Plus we talked holidays – as Fergie gets ready for Christmas with husband Josh Duhamel and Axl, and as she… Read more »
I caught an exclusive look at the filming of Apl.De.Ap’s music video for his song “Be,” which will be on iTunes November 28. The track serves as the first single from his forthcoming solo album. “Be” features Honey Cocaine. The final scenes for the video were shot at PhD Rooftop Nightclub inside Dream Downtown in… Read more »
Apl.De.Ap of The Black Eyed Peas stopped by “Ralphie Tonight” and talked about the efforts with his foundation to help rebuild The Philippines following last year’s typhoon. Apl also gave an update on his music projects and revealed that the Black Eyed Peas still have a couple of albums to release.
Shout out to ADAM FROM KIDD KRADDICK IN THE MORNING for helping out on this… because every song IS NOT by The Black Eyed Peas… you’re welcome.
A great song by my friends Black Eyed Peas – it rises to a new level when you watch this video, which was shot in Japan a week before the tsunami hit.If you’re looking to donate to the relief efforts in Japan, click here.
My favorite track off of The Beginning, in stores now.
Deadmau5 was careful not to “call The Black Eyed Peas out” – but used a number of descriptions and graphics on Facebook to compare the snare and kick of “The Time” with a remix he produced of Medina’s “You and I.”The DJ didn’t look at the two tracks until fans on Twitter asked about the… Read more »
Track is called “The Time” – first single from the group’s forthcoming LP The Beginning, which drops November 30.LOVE IT.


text:
The title says it all, folks. does the minecraft download optifine 1.7.10 work with 1.8? And what is the difference between the Optifine light version and the Optifine HD Ultra?
Sadly no. But Optifine has just released a standalone version that will work with Minecraft 1.8. No need to run forge or anything.
How To Install Optifine for Minecraft 1.8
Here is a tutorial I made showing you how to install Optifine for Minecraft 1.8
- Download Optifine for 1.8 from here
- Activate the Jar file you have downloaded, This will install Optifine automatically.
- Open your Minecraft launcher and select the newly created "Optifine" profile
- Start Minecraft and enjoy playing with Optifine.
Currently, Optifine isn't available for Minecraft 1.8, But they are updating it:
Update to 1.8 is in progress: ---%
If you wan't to use optifine in Minecraft 1.8, all you need is just some patience.
The differences between between the Optifine versions are:

domain: hobby


Sydney: A new experiment conducted by a Time journalist has proved that the effect of vitamin pills on the human body is negligible.
John Cloud conducted an experiment on himself by following a regimen of vitamin pills that had been suggested to him by a vitamin company in the US and took 22 pills a day with protein bars and psyllium fibre.
Cloud’s doctor checked him out before and after his experiment and the only noticeable effect on his body was that his Vitamin D levels had increased and his weight had increased by almost five kilograms.
Samir Samman, an associate professor in human nutrition at Sydney University, said that the largest body of evidence on vitamin use showed their efficacy was questionable and also pointed to clinical trials of people suffering from cardiovascular disease who were given vitamins A, E, and C, beta-carotene and selenium.
“The first really important finding was that these made no effect - that there was no improvement in people taking large amounts of vitamins in relation to cardiovascular disease,” the Sydney Morning Herald quoted Samman as saying.
“The statistics also showed that large doses of vitamins actually have a small, but statistically significant, increase in mortality for these patients,” he stated.
Samman also claimed that Cloud`s experiment came to similar conclusions as other academic research into the efficacy of vitamins.
“You find sporadic bits of information promoting this, or saying that this is beneficial if you are being treated for a condition,” he said.
“But if people are otherwise healthy, and adequately nourished, then why are they taking additional supplements?” he added.


text:
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CT ES February 3, 1931 ^[[checkmark]] Miss Alice Roullier, [[pencil underlined]] The Arts Club [[/pencil underlined] of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Dear Madam: In answer to your letter of January 31st, we find that we have only one painting of the type you are looking for and that is a 17th century Dutch painting HONDECOETER of a Court-yard scene which we would be very pleased to lend you for your exhibition.. The picture in question is a typical Dutch Court-yard scene showing various fowl and birds. It measures 62-1/2" high by 49-1/2" wide and comes from the private collection of Sir Richard Wallace in whose catalogue it bore No. 641. The selling price is $6,000, upon which we should be pleased to allow a commission in the event of it being sold. If you could use it, would you please let us know when you would like to have it shipped and at the same time advise us whether or not you would insure it during transit and while it is on your premises. Awaiting therefore the favor of hearing from you, believe us to be Yours very truly, JACQUES SELIGMANN & CO., Inc., (Clyfford Trevor)
Please note that the language and terminology used in this collection reflects the context and culture of the time of its creation, and may include culturally sensitive information. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution, but is available in its original form to facilitate research. For questions or comments regarding sensitive content, access, and use related to this collection, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org.


text:
The head of the group of eurozone finance ministers, Jean-Claude Juncker, last evening claimed that there is no need for a general revival package to boost the economy in Europe.
“Rules have already been set up; now we need targeted and temporary measures,” said Juncker after a meeting of the Eurogroup, which brings together finance ministers from the 15 members of the eurozone.
He also added that EU member states have no intention of changing the Stability and Growth Pact, an agreement intended to enforce fiscal discipline. Juncker argued that the pact provides the degree of flexibility needed in this crisis.
During the meeting, the ministers discussed forecasts presented by the European Commission earlier in the day, which warned of flat growth across the EU and the prospect of increased unemployment next year. “We agree with the forecast. No minister contested it,” Juncker said. “There is a clear slowing down of the economy.”
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He also revealed that there was no discussion in detail of French proposals to be debated at the extraordinary summit of EU leaders on Friday. Discussions will be left instead to the meeting of finance ministers from all 27 member states today.
Joaquín Almunia, the European commissioner for economic and monetary affairs, outlined to the Eurogroup with four main points that the Commission believes should guide the EU through the crisis: sustainable fiscal policy, credible national fiscal rules, an ambitious structural reform agenda and the use of demand-boosting policies only as a temporary measure.
While emphasising the need for co-ordinated action across the EU, he welcomed the stimulus package that Germany will enact this week, saying that it “is not inconsistent with the co-ordination of actions. It is the most important economy in the EU and they have room for manoeuvre. I just want to avoid a negative spill-over. I want measures that benefit the whole union”, Almunia said.
His view was backed up by Juncker, who said that the German package was not “a classical stimulus package, but, rather, about carefully targeted measures.”


text:
We've teamed up with Come Hear NC on a podcast series that explores North Carolina music one song at a time. This time, former Cat's Cradle owner and Crook's Corner chef Bill Smith talks about The Red Clay Ramblers. Smith saw The Red Clay Ramblers perform all the time in the early days of Cat's Cradle. For this episode, he focuses on their version of the song 'Aragon Mill.' Cat's Cradle is celebrating their 50th anniversary with a series of shows this month and in January. https://www.youtube
Podden och tillhörande omslagsbild på den här sidan tillhör North Carolina Public Radio - WUNC. Innehållet i podden är skapat av North Carolina Public Radio - WUNC och inte av, eller tillsammans med, Poddtoppen.


Should the federal government snowproof Metro?
There seems to be a correlation between availability of public transit and whether or not federal offices open. Generally, the announcements for closure have been coming shortly after Metro announces that their above ground stations will be closed.
Certainly other factors come into play, such as plowing of parking lots and road condition, but public transit seems to be one of the primary dictating factors.
OPM closed many offices early when the big storm hit Friday, and the entire government has been shut down since. That's six and a half days. Figuring that weekends don't cost quite as much to cancel, this snow storm has probably cost the Federal Government half a billion dollars.
That these closures usually occur only once or twice annually, versus the eight or nine we've had this year. Still, over time, this becomes billions of dollars. How much would it cost the federal government to clear above-ground Metro tracks? How much would it cost to pay for more heating tape for third rails?
In fact, how much extra would it have cost to place some of the above ground stretches of Metro underground? That one perhaps would still have cost too much to have been worth it, but it goes to show what a profound effect our transit investments have had on the productivity of our city, region, and country long term.
- How might the new Metro loop work?
- More roads won't solve traffic on I-95 in Northern Virginia
- Want the urban lifestyle? DC's best corner is...
- Can we build up around MARC stations?
- What's the oldest continuously named street in DC?
- The reason cyclists love green bike lanes
- How does DC's proposed Metro loop compare?


Main / Photography / Dsl-502t firmware
Name: Dsl-502t firmware
File size: 118mb
DSLT Firmware Release Notes vBAU_ 1. Port redirection to a different port fix. 2. LAN Client base IP restriction removed. vB DSLT Gen II Release Notes VB01TAU 1. Adds support for SIP ALG (enabled by default) 2. Improvements to DNS Server pass-through 3. How To Open Ports in DSLT - vB02 or ciberneticaesperanza.com ( KB), Download How To Load Firmware (ver or above) with ADSL2/2+ Support.
I want to upgrade the firmware.I have downloaded the file, extracted it. when I click ciberneticaesperanza.com file it asks me for the IP address of the router and the. 27 Jun original D-Link firmware Openwrt firmware changes IP address (using a DHCP client on laptop/whatever when plugged into the DSLT. 7 Dec Dear Brothers.. I was searching to fix firmware problem in my router D-Link GLB- T. and I found some information in our great website. so i.
17 Oct Has anyone successfully upgraded the Firmware of this D-link single port ADSL Router (the one supplied by Telecom)? I downloaded the. Instructions for upgrading the D-Link DSLT modem. Before you begin. Make sure you have your Xtra Broadband Username and Password handy. Checking for the firmware version on Dlink DSLT. Open your browser and enter in your address bar. Enter the username and password of your. 10 Oct The D-Link firmware is kinda dodgy, and I always enjoy installing Linux The best place for info is the OpenWRT wiki page for the DSLT. DSLT DSL Router User's Guide . responsible for any software, firmware, information, or memory data of Purchaser contained in, stored on, or integrated.
I tried to download the firmware for my D-Link DSLT,from the link above, to be upgraded from current firmware (VBAU) to the latest. I am using the DSLT router given to me by mtnl. its current firmware is V2. 00B01TML I have checked dlinks website but they. Dslt firmware. dslt firmware [>>>>>> Download Link. Dslt firmware upgrade download. Click here to get file. Router description dlink glb t router ip address telnet username root defau telnet.


text:
If you love Anime and want to meet fellow OTAKU, this is the right place for you! Join us and chat with us!
Forum of the Merovingians guild in Fallen Sword! Free forum
Community forum for the House of the New Dawn roleplaying guild in Age of Conan
Free forum : Phantom Dragons Please register using the same id that you use in Fallen Sword!
Free forum : Grim Sword is a Dagorhir chapter in Manor, Texas. Manor is located roughly 20 minutes east of Austin. Dagorhir is a foam fighting boffer LARP (live action role playing game). Dagorhir is
Free forum : We are strong in mind, body and sword. Peaceful until provoked and resilient till the last.
Free forum : Visit the new and improved Aincrad in this immersive Sword Art Online roleplay. Clear the floors, or open up your own shops. Choose your own path through the world.
Based on Sword Art Online, the 'Tales of' Series, and Japanese RPGs. People are kidnapped and inserted into a virtual reality world, where they must fight to escape or die trying.
Free forum : VALHALLA. Free forum : =V= - SWORD OF VALHALLA
Free forum : The official forum for Femme*Fatales. An all-girl clan of Sword of the New World.
A 2D SAO Indie/Fan Game by Janrae/SoulPour777
AnimeTalk is a forum where anime-lovers can go to talk and discuss about anime of any kind.
Forum gratis : The Lions is a Bicolline clan. The Lions. Lions Bicolline LARP GN Medieval Fight Sword Weapon battle Quebec Montreal
Free forum : Heavy Metal Forum
Jack Sparrow costuming forum. Ever wanted to build your own screen accurate Jack Sparrow costume? Anyone ever tell you that you look like a drunken pirate? This is the place to swing your lead.
jack, sparrow, cosplay, pirates, johnny, depp, costume, will, turner, #sword, flintlock, boots, compass, vest, waistcoat, coat, frock, swagarts, janty, chattaw, dress, halloween, contest, caribbean, disney
Keep of the Four Winds Guild Member Forum. Keep of the Four Winds
Free forum : Welcome to the Star Sword knights!This is a free fun Aqw clan.The only requirement to join is that you own a Star Sword or anything that is like a star sword.
Free forum : PsYcHo is a roleplay-focused group that was created on the game Age of Mythology. We try to explore our imaginations to their fullest, no matter what world or era it takes us. We also lik
free, forum, psycho, group, roleplay, mythology, imagination, games, dragon, gryphon, griffon, wolf, nova, star, #sword, magic, world, galaxy, starship, ship, guild, wars, role, play, friend, future, fantasy
Free forum : Forum for the Order of Eternal Dawn Guild on Fallen Sword
The sword that is folded is sharper. The shield that is hammered mightier. WE STAND UNITED! All for one and one for all!!
The Knights have No end
The Home of the Master Sword
Knight's Collective Alliance
Free forum : The Legend of the Seekers! A Seeker is a person who answers to know one but himself or herself. He or she is a law unto himself or herself. The Sword of Truth is his or hers to wield
Free forum : A semi-literate sky-pirate role play where villains become unlikely heroes.
free, forum, bird, pirate, steam, punk, ship, role, play, other, worlds, fantasy, government, quests, game, gaming, adventure, chaos, crime, order, villains, heroes, craft, #sword, swordplay, danger, animals


text: The Academy of the Arts at Bransom PTO is sponsoring a free Movie Night for all Academy of the Arts students on Friday, March 3 at 6:30 in the school’s gym. The feature for the big event is TROLLS. We can not wait to see all of the Troll hairdos and/or pajamas. This annual event is such fun and is attended by so many. We hope you will join us and spend a little time with your whole family, with your child’s friends, and with your child’s friends’ families. It really is a campus-wide event like no other. Come One, Come All!


Pest Management System
A Pest Management Conservation System is a system that combines an Integrated Pest Management decision making process with natural resource conservation to address pest and environmental impacts.
Irrigation System, Surface
Irrigation System, Surface, is a system that delivers irrigation water by surface means, such as furrows, borders, and contour levees.
Forest Trails and Landings
Forest trails and landings are installed and maintained for infrequent access to conduct management activities such as forest stand improvement, pruning, fire suppression, harvesting forest products.
A filter strip is an area of vegetation established for removing sediment, organic material, and other pollutants from runoff and wastewater.
Early Successional Habitat
Early successional habitat development and management involves manipulating a stand of plants to create and maintain early successional attributes that benefit desired wildlife or natural communities.
Aquatic Organism Passage
Aquatic Organism Passage is the modification or removal of barriers that restrict or impede movement of aquatic organisms.
Prescribed burning is a fire applied to a predetermined area of land.
Upland Wildlife Habitat
Upland Wildlife Habitat Management provides and manages upland habitats and connectivity within the landscape for wildlife.
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation is the treatment of sites to enhance the success of natural or artificial regeneration of desired trees and/or shrubs.


Posted May 2, 2002
The Reverend Dr. Ted McIlvenna settles his massive frame into a large, overstuffed couch and invites a visitor to join him for a discussion about nude dancing, morality, the First Amendment, and political corruption in ...
Matt Potter 2:30 p.m., Aug. 20
DJ Stevens 2 p.m., Aug. 20
The Canyoneers 1:30 p.m., Aug. 20
Jay Allen Sanford 1 p.m., Aug. 20
Matthew Lickona 12:45 p.m., Aug. 20
Barnaby Monk 12:30 p.m., Aug. 20
Matt Potter 12:02 p.m., Aug. 20
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