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The Numismatic Bibliomania Society is a non-profit association devoted to the study and enjoyment of numismatic literature. For more information please see our web site at coinbooks.org
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This week we open with final highlights of next week's Kolbe & Fanning numismatic literature sale, four new books, a review, three obituaries, updates from the Newman Numismatic Portal, and more.
Other topics this week include the Continental Dollar, inflation money, U.S. coin patterns, Goetz medals, the American Journal of Numismatics, counterfeit detectors, fixed price and auction highlights, goats on ancient coins and paintings on banknotes.
To learn more about Canadian tokens, Australian coins and paper money, the Oriental Numismatic Society, John Jay Knox, Albert Frey, Ralph Dickieson, Dale Seppa, John Mussell, Art Morowitz, frozen dates, the first printing of the ANS constitution, the Small Note Law Conspiracy, the Battle of Fair Oaks medal, and finding an original mint roll of bust half dollars, read on. Have a great week, everyone!
Editor, The E-Sylum
The Kolbe & Fanning September 2023 numismatic literature sale (#168) is coming up next Saturday. Here's another group of highlights, including some of my own consignments. Good luck in the sale! -Editor
Kolbe & Fanning Numismatic Booksellers wish to remind everyone that our Sale 168 will be held on Saturday, September 23, 2023. Featuring highlights from the Richard Cooper and Wayne Homren Libraries, plus additional rare and out-of-print works on ancient, world and U.S. numismatics, the sale has much to offer. The Wayne Homren Library focuses on U.S. numismatics, and includes his extensive collection of numismatic ephemera. The Richard Cooper Library is among the finest ever formed on Canadian coins, medals and tokens, and includes important manuscripts and correspondence from Robert W. McLachlan.
Some highlights of the sale include:
Here's the press release for Whitman's new and expanded fourth edition of A Guide Book of Franklin and Kennedy Half Dollars. -Editor
To celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of the first minting of the Franklin half dollar, Whitman Publishing announces an updated new edition of A Guide Book of Franklin and Kennedy Half Dollars. The 248-page fourth edition, by professional numismatist Rick Tomaska, is available online (including at www.Whitman.com) and from booksellers and hobby shops nationwide.
Franklin (1948–1963) and Kennedy (1964 to date) half dollars are two of the most popular series in modern U.S. coinage.
Whether you're a collector spending $50 a month or an investor with a budget of $50,000, there are challenges and rewards to enjoy with these historic coins, says author Rick Tomaska.
In addition to sharing behind-the-scenes knowledge of the retail and auction markets, Tomaska gives the history of the coins' designs, production, and other technical and cultural aspects. He explores transitions in Mint craftsmanship and reveals why Franklin and Kennedy half dollars represent the end of an era. He studies the coins date by date with commentary on exceptional and highly toned specimens, describes how Proof coins are made and graded, and teaches about Cameo and Deep Cameo contrast, Full Bell Lines, certified coin populations, and other factors important to value and rarity. Collectible die varieties, tips for smart buying, and hundreds of full-color photographs round out the contents.
The new 2023 edition of Renniks Australian Coin & Banknote guide is available for preorder. Here's information from the publisher's site. It's available in both soft and hardcover. -Editor
This comprehensive guide to Australian Coin & Banknote Values contains over 4,500 unique images and countless thousands of valuations. This book is a must for all collectors, whether you are just a beginning or an advanced collector. The latest information is compiled using weighted averages to assist pricing accuracy. Quality reproduction of photos makes it easy to identify items. Covered are copper, silver, gold, nickel, and all coins and notes used in Australia from 1800 to the present. Subjects include Pre-Decimal and Decimal currency and privately issued banknotes, war issues, and privately issued tokens. Also included are the latest Royal Australian Mint, Perth Mint & Australia Post Numismatic Covers.
OK, numismatists, this is NOT a book that resolves the mystery of "Continental dollar" coins/medals. Rather, it is an exploration of the monetary history of the American Revolution, but likely well worth reading as "an essential origin story of the early American monetary system." Perhaps pulling threads on the eighteenth-century records referenced will lead to additional clues on the "Continentals" stamped in hard metals. Or not. -Editor
The Continental Dollar
How the American Revolution Was Financed with Paper Money
An illuminating history of America's original credit market.
The Continental Dollar is a revelatory history of how the fledgling United States paid for its first war. Farley Grubb upends the common telling of this story, in which the United States printed cross-colony money, called Continentals, to serve as an early fiat currency—a currency that is not tied to a commodity like gold, but rather to a legal authority. As Grubb details, the Continental was not a fiat currency, but a
zero-coupon bond—a wholly different species of money. As bond payoffs were pushed into the future, the money's value declined, killing the Continentals' viability years before the Revolutionary War would officially end.
Another book on money in wartime is the catalog of a recently closed exhibit at the Historisches Museum Frankfurt on Germany's post-WWI hyperinflation. Here's a Google-translated description. -Editor
Inflation 1923. War, money, trauma
The mark keeps falling. It's scary. Today the dollar is over 1000 marks! The Swiss franc at 200! You feel sorry for the people in your soul. You can literally see the misery spreading […], wrote the Swiss student Lilly Staudenmann-Stettler, who lived in Frankfurt, in August 1922. Little did she know that at the end of 1923 one dollar would cost 4.2 trillion marks. The crisis year of hyperinflation is now being looked at 100 years later by the Frankfurt Historical Museum with a special exhibition.
The latest issue of the Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society has been published. Editor Paula Turner submitted the issue contents. Thank you. -Editor
An overstruck Parthian chalkous of Pacorus II
Seyed Omid Mohammadi and Seyed Mahdi Alavi
How the privy marks on Aksumite coins might be interpreted
Robert Keck and Wolfgang Hahn
An attempt to attribute coins bearing the legend rama rao
Mohit Kapoor and Purnanand Sanket
Sikh coins: enigmatic silver rupees of Amritsar mint with extra fateh
Charles Morgan of CoinWeek published a nice article on the landmark book by Albert R. Frey - Dictionary of Numismatic Names. Here's an excerpt - see the complete article online. -Editor
Frey was a major figure in the New York City numismatic scene in the early 1900s. Born in 1858, he was active around the turn of the century, publishing books on coins and encased postage stamps. Frey joined the American Numismatic Association (ANA) in December 1900 and was given member number 225. He later adopted the number 12. In 1905, Frey was elected President of the Association. As president, he sought to strengthen the ANA's bona fides, bringing it more up the level of his hometown American Numismatic Society (ANS) (which he joined in 1910). In 1911, he took over editorial duties on The Numismatist.
Alan Luedeking wrote that " one of the great stalwarts of numismatic knowledge and research and literature has left us — Dale Seppa." Alan passed along Al Buonaguro's tribute to Seppa which we're publishing here with permission. I've added an image of Dale's book on Ecuadorian coins. -Editor
For many decades the name Dale Seppa has been synonymous with Ecuadorian numismatics. He was the go-to dealer for this complex numismatic specialty. His recent passing leaves a real void. For many years I collaborated and corresponded with Dale. Let this reminiscence be a fitting tribute and final farewell.
I never met Dale Seppa. That might seem like an odd start to a tribute so let me explain. In the 1960s I was a novice collector just developing an interest in Latin American coinage. I quickly discovered Dale's extensive and informative price lists. I got on his mailing list, became a customer and bought all of the many books he co-authored. In the course of business, I would sometimes pose a question about some item and was impressed that I always got a thoughtful response. Thus began our correspondence.
Richard Lobel alerted me that John Mussell of Token Publishing has passed. Sorry to hear the news. The company website notes, "It is with great sadness that we have to report the passing of Group Managing Editor John Mussell on September 7, 2023." Here's some information from an article published recently in the company's COIN NEWS. -Editor
TOKEN Publishing Ltd has been around for 40 years now, and at the helm throughout those four decades has been John Mussell, Managing Editor first of COIN & MEDAL NEWS (from 1983–89) then of two separate magazines (COIN NEWS and MEDAL NEWS) from 1989 onwards. In addition to the magazines, we have also published a plethora of books over the years, from the annual YEARBOOKS to numerous one-off titles, all of which he has been keen to oversee. Whilst he has been steering the ship, as it were, there have, of course, been numerous others helping him out, not least his wife Carol who joined Token in 1990 and son Philip who joined in 1996, both now Directors of the company alongside him.
Pablo Hoffman and Alan Luedeking alerted me to the passing of Art Morowitz of Champion Stamp Company of New York City. Arthur's son Jonathan provided the following photo. Thank you; very sorry for your loss. -Editor
The latest additions to the Newman Numismatic Portal are photos of Augustus Saint-Gaudens' personal Ultra High Relief double eagle. Project Coordinator Len Augsburger provided the following report. -Editor
U.S. Pattern Photo Sets on Newman Portal
Saul Teichman continues to build the U.S. pattern photo sets on Newman Portal and has developed extensive census data on the most important patterns in the U.S. series. The Ultra High Relief St. Gaudens twenty (Judd-1907 to Judd-1909) represents the most artistic work in the entire U.S. coin and medal series, and the Teichman file on this coin enumerates two examples of the Judd-1907 (edge lettered with stars in between letters), twelve of the Judd-1908 (plain edge), and five of the Judd-1909 (edge lettered with stars in between words). Especially noteworthy is Augustus Saint-Guadens' personal piece, currently in the Tyrant collection, with
ASG etched on the edge.
The David Lisot Video Library on the Newman Numismatic Portal can be found at:
We highlight one of his videos each week in The E-Sylum. Here's one from the 2007 Early American Coppers convention with John Kraljevich speaking on "How to Build a Library for Early American Coins". -Editor
Bargello Museum Medal Catalog Sought
Leon Saryan writes:
Can anyone help? -Editor
Other topics this week include Frozen Dates, Catalog Numbering Systems, and calotype images in numismatics. -Editor
Dale Krueger passed along two videos as a followup to his note last week about his upcoming appearance on the the Boom America show. In the first one, Dale provides a nice overview of Karl Goetz medals and his journey collecting them. -Editor
Here's a cornerstone entry from Dick Johnson's Encyclopedia of Coin and Medal Terminology - the definition of "Obverse". -Editor
Obverse. The side of a numismatic item bearing the principal design or device; the side opposite the reverse. A number of design and technical factors determine which side of a two- sided numismatic or medallic item is the obverse, these are listed below.
Design Factors Determining Obverse (1) Most often the obverse is the side bearing a portrait; in countries with a monarch, the featured ruler's head or bust appears on the obverse.
E-Sylum Feature Writer and American Numismatic Biographies author Pete Smith submitted this interesting discussion on the value of a typewritten letter. Thanks! -Editor
Last week Wayne mentioned lot 526 in the upcoming auction of selections from his library.
Within that lot is
41) typewritten letter from Wayne Homren to Pete Smith dated March 2,
1993. My immediate reaction is that it was not a typewritten letter. By 1993, both of us were
using computers with word processing software. Does that make a difference to anyone?
I have seen a lot of changes in typesetting and printing in the past sixty years. I got through college with a portable Smith Corona manual typewriter. Out in the real world, the industry standard was the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the bouncing ball. It has been fifty years since I saw my first word-processing machine.
Greg Bennick's latest interview for the Newman Numismatic Portal is with counterstamp researcher Bill Groom. Here's the third of four parts, where Bill discusses his collection and working with other researchers and catalogers. -Editor
Greg Bennick How large is your counterstamp collection and how did you acquire so many of them - you had mentioned before 2700 pieces, I think you said.
That's right. Most of them I got at shows, auctions - dealers would set them aside for me,
that I made purchases from. One of the things I would do if a dealer showed me a piece on
let's say I had a dealer friend sold me a piece for $15. It was a counter stamped large cent.
He only wanted $15. So I handed him $75 and said,
This coin to me is worth $125 to
$150 I'll split the difference with you.
Greg Bennick Amazing.
Bill Groom And then he would come back and sell me more. So I you know, by getting dealers interested in finding them for me, that was a way to get that they would keep coming my way. And some people have seen my articles and contacted me, so. But I would say most of the pieces I got came from shows. I used to be able to come home from shows in the eighties with a dozen, 15, 20, 30 at a time. Like I say, that one bag from Richard Rossa was, I think around 30 or 40 pieces in that bag. But nowadays I go to a big show and if I come home with one or two in my pocket, I'm lucky.
One of the lots Kolbe & Fanning highlighted in their current sale is my group of AJN issues selected from the back issue hoard I was fortunate to acquire over twenty-five years ago. Here's the catalog description. -Editor
[American Numismatic Society] American Numismatic & Archæological Society; Boston Numismatic Society; American Numismatic Society. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. Twenty-four complete volumes, being Volumes 1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 29, 30, 32, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 49 and 52 (New York and Boston, 1866–1918). Additional issues from twelve incomplete volumes also present: Volume 2, Nos. 3–12; Volume 5, Nos. 1 and 3; Volume 7, Nos. 2–4; Volume 10, Nos. 3–4; Volume 33, Nos. 1–2 and 4; Volume 34, Nos. 2–3; Volume 35, Nos. 1 and 4; Volume 38, No. 4; Volume 41, Nos. 1, 3 and 4; Volume 45, Nos. 2–4; Volume 46, Nos. 2–4; and Volume 53, Parts II and III. Varying 4to sizes, all in the original printed paper covers. A few copies with worn or stained covers, but generally fine and often pristine copies.
A remarkable offering of original issues of the American Journal of Numismatics, nearly all of them unusually well-preserved and in original state. These are Wayne Homren's personal copies selected from the hoard of back issues discovered by him in late 1997. The hoard was the remnants of those issues obtained from the American Numismatic Society by the Johnson Reprint Company when they produced their reproduction of the AJN. Homren retained one copy of each issue present in the hoard, selling the rest of them through the Money Tree (the firm's principals, Myron Xenos and Ken Lowe, tell the story in Out on a Limb No. 21 (January 1998).
Here's the Money Tree Out on a Limb account of my discovery, and their later sale, of the publisher's backstock hoard of the American Journal of Numismatics, courtesy of the Newman Numismatic Portal. I've left in the asides and digressions to capture the full flavor of cataloguer Ken Lowe's personality and writing style. I corrected some typos and several OCR errors. -Editor
The highlight of this issue is the offering of the "HOMREN HOARD" of issues of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS, a hoard that had been ignored, overlooked, and/or forgotten for half a century. We are thrilled to tell you the tale. We are also honored to be the exclusive distributors of these issues. [See page 22]
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS BACK-ISSUE HOARD DISCOVERED
[NOTE: On Monday December 8, 1997, this news release was sent to the numismatic media and also was sent out over the INTERNET]
Another favorite item from my library is a collection of periodically published counterfeit detectors and other ephemera relating to counterfeiting in America. Here's the catalog description enumerating the group. I've added photos taken when I displayed the binders at one of my Nummis Nova dinner meetings. -Editor
1) Bank Note Reporters and Counterfeit Detectors 1826–1866: A Biography compiled by William H. Dillistin (1943);
2) three issues of Sibbet's Western Review and Counterfeit Detector (November 1840, December 1840, and September 1841) with subscription form;
3) an incomplete copy of the rare Kennedy Bank Note Detector, Pittsburgh c. 1856;
4) Bicknell's Counterfeit Detector and Bank Note List by Matthew T. Miller (October 1, 1839);
5) Eastman's Treatise on Counterfeit, Altered and Spurious Bank Notes, with Unerring Rules for the Detection of Frauds in the Same together with a History of Ancient Money, Continental Currency, Banks, Banking, Bank of England, and Other Valuable Information as to Money, with Hints to Business Success by H.G. Eastman (3rd edition, 1859);
OK, one last article about my consignment and I'll shut up already. Here are some additional lots I think are special in one way or another. -Editor
1858 ANS Constitution and By-Laws
Lot 271: American Numismatic Society. CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. ADOPTED APRIL 6TH, 1858. New York: A.J. Townsend, Printer, 1858. 24mo [12.5 by 8 cm], original printed salmon paper covers. 8 pages. Fine. The extremely rare first printing of the ANS constitution, the earliest publication issued by the Society. According to Adelson's The American Numismatic Society, 1858–1958, this first printing of the Constitution of the longest surviving numismatic society in the United States was adopted at the April 6, 1858 meeting of the Society.
He goes on to relate that the "Constitution which had been adopted so quickly at the first regular meeting was duly published with the list of officers and members of the standing committees, but no sooner was this done than proposals were made to revise that document and the By-Laws. At the fifth meeting on July 13, 1858, some modifications were suggested in the wording of the first article of the Constitution which would have removed the emphasis that had been placed on American coinage and medallic productions... At the meeting of September 14, 1858... the new Constitution was adopted."
Indeed, this first printing includes the phrase, "its objects shall be the collection and preservation of the coins and medals struck in this country, with an investigation into their history..." This is the first publication listed by Belden in his Medals and Publications of the American Numismatic Society with an Historical Sketch (1915). The only copy of this rarity sold in the modern era that we recall was in the Armand Champa Library (Davis/Bowers Sale I, lot 34), where the bidders failed to adequately appreciate it—it sold under estimate. Ex Wayne Homren Library.
Stack's Bowers numismatist Chris Bulfinch wrote a nice blog article on the history of the dealer bourse at ANA conventions. -Editor
In the first decades of its existence, the American Numismatic Association's annual convention was not quite the affair it is today. Attendance was sparse, confined to a small group of dedicated collectors. A bourse, today regarded as a standard, even defining feature of a coin show, was absent from the first convention in 1891 and was not included for more than 30 years.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there was some dissension in the ANA's ranks about the role of dealers in the organization. Many felt that the ANA – and its convention – should be devoted to the science and practice of numismatics and building community among American collectors and that dealing at the convention corrupted this purpose and opened the Association up to accusations of favoritism or crass commercialism. Others pointed out that many collectors wanted access to dealer stock at the shows and were not solely dedicated to the pursuit of numismatic knowledge and aesthetic appreciation of coins.
Numismagram's Jeremy Bostwick forwarded these four medals from his most recent upload of new medals and tokens to his site. For all of the new material, please visit https://www.numismagram.com/inventory. -Editor
102278 | GERMANY & the ARCTIC CIRCLE. Polar Flight of the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin silver Medal. Issued 1931. Commemorating the northern voyage of the airship from 24 to 31 July (35mm, 18.52 g, 12h). By O. Oertel in Berlin. Dr HUGO ECKENER LUFTSCHIFF-FÜHRER, bust of Eckener left // FAHRT I. D. ARKTIS 1931, airship flying right, with the place names of various place names referenced: North Pole, Arctic Ocean, Laptev Sea, New Siberian Islands, Siberia, Russla, Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Barents Sea, Arkhangelsk, and Spitzberg (Svalbard). Edge: SILBER 990. Hans Kaiser 576; Button 279; Joos a.697. PCGS SP-63. Subtle matte nature to the devices, with great brilliance in the fields, along with some alluring toning that deepens nearer the peripheries. A very rare and seldom encountered Zeppelin medal with a cartographic crossover appeal. Even when encountered, a type that is often seen with cleaning and/or other defects. $985.
Zeppelin was a German general and aircraft manufacturer, who later founded the airship company Luftschiffbau Zeppelin. Following Zeppelin's death in 1917, Dr. Hugo Eckener became the head of this company and oversaw post-war fundraising to expand upon its production, even serving as commander for the LZ 127 on numerous occasions. When this airship first entered use, it was the first commercial passenger transatlantic flight service in the world, eventually making 590 flights over nearly a decade. In 1940, she was scrapped for metal for the German efforts in World War II.
One of the airship's many monumental flights included a polar trip north in which the vessel, manned by Eckener, rendezvoused with the icebreaker steamship, Malygin, with which it exchanged souvenir mail. Along with this postal courier mission, it also fielded a multinational team of scientists who were able to map Franz Josef Land for the first time, measure Earth's magnetic field, and collect meteorological data.
To read the complete item description, see:
102278 | GERMANY & the ARCTIC CIRCLE. Polar Flight of the LZ 127 Silver Medal. (https://www.numismagram.com/product-page/102278)
Atlas Numismatics has updated their website with 280 new coins, medals, and tokens at fixed prices. Selections include the following items. -Editor
1076122 | ROMAN IMPERIAL. Nero. (Emperor, 54-68 AD). Struck 54-68 AD. AV Aureus. NGC Ch. XF (Choice Extremely Fine) Strike 5/5 Surface 4/5. Rome. 17.2mm. 7.41gm. IMP NERO CAESAR AVGVSTVS. Head of Nero, laureate, right, with beard / IVPPITER CVSTOS. Jupiter seated left on throne, holding thunderbolt and spear. RIC 52; Calicó 412.
Ex. MDC Auction 4 (15 November 2018) Lot 79.
Heritage is offering a group of U.S. pattern coins and medals from the collection of John Jay Knox. Here's some information from the website and a September 12, 2023 Heritage emailing. Thanks also to Len Augsburger and Mark Borckardt for the links. -Editor
About The John Jay Knox Crime of 1873 Collection of US Coins
John Jay Knox (1828-1892) was an American banker, author, and politician who served as president of the National Bank of the Republic and helped prepare the Coinage Act of 1873 that officially dropped the silver dollar from U.S. coinage. Knox was appointed Deputy Comptroller of the Currency in 1867 and promoted to Comptroller by President Ulysses S. Grant on April 24, 1872. While in this position, Knox played an important role in the drafting of the Coinage Act of 1873, which eliminated the silver dollar and made the gold dollar the national measure of value. All the pieces in this collection are from John J. Knox, and have remained in the possession of his descendants since his death in 1892. From the invoices and correspondence that accompany the patterns in this collection, it is apparent he had a close relationship with Philadelphia Mint Superintendent Archibald Loudon Snowden.
The consignor purchased all the items in this auction through a mutual friend of Knox's great-great-granddaughter, a direct descendant of Knox. The sterling silver pieces belonged to Caroline E. Knox (Todd), the wife of John Jay Knox. It is her initials that are engraved on these pieces. Caroline Knox was also a concert pianist.
Here are some additional selections from the Sovereign Rarities Auction 10. -Editor
With just over a week to go before our September 26th Auction, we'll be showcasing the very best of the Crowns we have on offer. Mostly from one very well-kept collection accumulated over the last 20 years, the run features numerous standout pieces in remarkable condition. Worthy of particular attention is an iridescent 1700 DVODECIMO of William III, a 1708 Welsh Plumes variety of Anne, a deep prooflike 1821 SECUNDO of George IV, an 1831 Coronation proof issue of William IV, the ever popular 1847 Gothic type Crown of Victoria, an attractively toned 1902 Coronation issue of Edward VII, the rarest of type 1934 Wreath Crown of George V, and lastly the exceptionally rare 1953 matte proof Coronation Crown of Elizabeth II. There are many more that deserve their own time in the spotlight, so please view the full auction available on our website.
Here's some information and highlights from the Geoffrey Bell Auctions Toronto Coin Expo Fall Sale. -Editor
A very special welcome to our 2023 Fall Expo and Warmup Sale to be conducted in conjunction with the Toronto Coin Expo. This sale features a superb selection of chartered banknotes, copper coins from The Robert Turner collection, Part II of the Glassford Error Collection, a nice PEI collection and last but not least is the finest 1935 $500 on the market. The SickKids Foundation have also consigned a donated world coin collection, with all proceeds from these lots, including our services, being donated directly to their mission.
Our complete auction listings for the warm-up sale on Sept. 26th and Toronto Coin Expo Sale on Sept. 29th can be found on our website at GBellauctions.com. The sale includes a diverse Prince Edward Island Collection featuring the Collection of prominent collector Ralph Dickieson
Ralph Dickieson was born and lived most of his life in New Glasgow, Prince Edward Island. He was a life-long collector of coins, paper money, antiques and collectibles. His early career included working as a manger for Co-op Stores, Sumner and Company, and operating his own general store in New Glasgow, PEI. He later worked as an instructor at the Provincial Vocation School (now Holland College). In 1958, he and some other residents of New Glasgow started a fund raising project having Lobster Dinners in New Glasgow. This quickly grew and eventually became a business known as
New Glasgow Lobster Suppers. Ralph was a founding owner and the general manager from 1958 to 1987. He was active in his community, serving as fire chief of the New Glasgow Fire Department. He was very active in the tourism industry on PEI serving as president of the Cavendish Tourism Association and Tourism Industry Association of PEI. He was the recipient of the Lieutenant Governor's Tourism Award for individuals who have made a significant contribution to tourism on PEI.
Ralph focused his coin collecting on coins, tokens, medals and paper money from Prince Edward Island. During his lifetime, he collected one the best collections of PEI paper money, collecting rare specimens of the Bank of Summerside, Union Bank, Merchant's Bank, Bank of Rustico and Bank of Prince Edward Island. His collection included all of the major known coins and tokens which originated in PEI, including the Holey Dollar, Sheaf of Wheat Token, MacAusland Penny, Ships Colonies and Commerce Tokens, and many others. He was active in the PEI Coin Club serving as President at various times. He was a fellow of the Canadian Numismatic Research Society. He enjoyed researching his acquisitions and was a co-author of the book The Currency and Medals of Prince Edward Island.
He did not collect or try to acquire coins or paper money based on their value or rarity. Rather, he wanted to have a
complete collection, which told a story of the history of PEI in the 19th and 20th centuries. He enjoyed collecting trade dollars, commercial tokens from the 1960s, '70s and '80s which told a story of business on PEI. His collection of dairy tokens tells the story of the dairy industry on PEI. He was always quick to adapt to new technology and enjoyed buying and selling coins on Ebay in the 1990s and 2000s. Ralph passed away in March of 2016 at the age of 88.
Here are some more selections from The French Collection offered in the MDC Monaco Auction No. 12 coming up in October. This grouping focuses on coins of the constitution and convention periods. -Editor
MDC Monnaies de collection is excited to auction
The French Collection in October 2023.
The collection of 540 lots, built over 40 years, includes the most beautiful coins from the
French Revolution to the Fifth Republic, with a vast majority of Top Pop. Today, it is not
possible to recreate such a collection. We know that many collectors will find in it the special
coins they have been looking for. The auction will take place in Monaco at the Hôtel Métropole on the 11th of October 2023, from 1:30 pm to 4 pm (lots 1 to 296) and from 4:15
pm to 7 pm (lots 297 to 540), Nicolas Gimbert, Auctioneer.
To view the complete collection:
Mike Markowitz published a new article on CoinWeek about goats on ancient coins. Here's an excerpt - see the complete article online. -Editor
GOATS WERE FIRST domesticated as long as 11,000 years ago, probably in the Zagros Mountains of Iran (Daly, 1). The goat (Capra hircus) became a vital and much-loved element of ancient Greek agriculture, providing milk, meat, wool, and skins. Sure-footed goats easily managed the rugged mountainous terrain of Greece, and could thrive on vegetation that other animals found unpalatable or even toxic. So it is not surprising that goats were frequently depicted on ancient Greek coins and adopted as the emblems of certain cities.
A symbol of fertility, the goat was a companion of the god Dionysus and the goddess Artemis. The constellation of Capricorn, one of the 12 signs of the zodiac, was imagined as a creature with the body of a goat and the tail of a fish. Greek mythology even imagined a race of lustful nature spirits, the satyrs, who had human bodies with the ears, tails, and hooves of goats.
Bob Van Ryzin and Nick Graver passed along a new article about the artist in Argentina using worthless banknotes as a canvas. Thank you. We first discussed Sergio Díaz in January. -Editor
A jaguar lies beside George Washington. The United States' first president holds a rifle with one hand as he rests the other on the dead Argentine predator.
The backdrop is a U.S. dollar and an Argentine 500-peso note joined like a book, a clear allusion to the rapid depreciation of the local currency, the peso. That has made it difficult for Argentines to make ends meet. The peso has depreciated around 60% compared to the U.S. dollar over the past year. It has occurred in parallel to one of the world's highest inflation rates.

domain: library


End of the line for Indi’s rail pain
Independent Member for Indi Cathy McGowan says the announcement of $100 million to fix the North East rail line is a stunning result for local independent action in Indi.
“All the work we have done together on rail has delivered a tremendous result!” Ms McGowan said.
The money for rail is independent of the inland rail upgrade and focusses solely on improving passenger rail services for North East Victoria.
Ms McGowan said she has called Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews an asked him to put the new trains on order.
“This whole process has shown the value of having an independent representative bringing together State and Federal transport ministers and the ARTC, ending the blame game, and getting real action,” Ms McGowan said.
“Congratulations to the Hume Rail Corridor Group and the Border Rail Action Group, and Minister Darren Chester, who have worked so hard with me to make the case. This result could mean up to 385,000 extra trips a year benefiting the economies of Benalla, Wangaratta, Chiltern, Springhurst and Wodonga.”
Ms McGowan said an important next step would be to establish a high level expert committee to oversee the completion of the improvements to passenger rail.
Funding for other rail projects
Ms McGowan also welcomed:
• Confirmation the inland rail upgrade would go through Albury.
• The allocation of $20 million for a business case for high speed rail.
Ms McGowan is inviting people to have a say on the budget at www.cathymcgowan.com.au until 25 May.


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This delightful computer animated comedy has four animal friends confined at the Central Park Zoo who escape for a jaunt in the big city.
Alex the Lion (Ben Stiller), Marty the Zebra, (Chris Rock), Gloria the Hippo (Jada Pinkett-Smith) and Melman the Giraffe (David Schwimmer) romp around the Big Apple until they're apprehended by the New York City Police at Grand Central Station.
But the four who wanted to experience a little fun, aren't prepared for the trip that they are sent on. Packed off on a ship, they end up in Madagascar, where an energetic tribe of Lemurs headed by their King Julien interact in various ways with the confused innocent sheltered animals. Living on their own, realization comes quickly as to how good things were back at the zoo and, even though they were confined, their needs were provided for.
With each animal holding its own special traits - Alex is a pompous egotist, Marty an unsure neurotic, Gloria a sassy lady and Melman a hypochondriac, the comedy flows.
The most fun, however is the wacky penguins, who want to make their way to Antarctica for frozen sushi.
The colors pop off the screen, from the detailed New York skyline to the vivid green valleys of Madagascar, it all looks very real.
There is plenty of comedy that is aimed squarely at adults, but the songs and frenetic pace of the characters is designed to appeal to even the youngest kids.

domain: entertainment


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Mortgage. monthly debt divided by your gross monthly income. conventional mortgage lenders generally prefer a back-end DTI ratio of 36% or less, but government-backed loan programs may allow a.
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Fort Collins Max Schedule MAX Route: Time Schedules, Stops & Maps – Downtown Transit Center – The MAX bus (Direction: Downtown Transit Center) has 14 stops departing from South Transit. 4915 Fossil Blvd, fort collins view full schedule Go to station.Can I Get A Mortgage To Build A Home No Cost Refinancing Loans No-Cost Refinance Loan: There's Really No Such Thing – A no-cost refinance is a loan transaction in which the lender pays all the refinance costs. refinance costs includes: processing and underwriting fees, the appraisal fee, loan origination fees, title and escrow fees, notary fees, and courier fees.What Is A Foreclosure Home Foreclosure | Definition of Foreclosure by Merriam-Webster – What It Is. foreclosure occurs when a lender seizes and sells a borrower’s collateral after the borrower has failed to repay the lender. The term is most often associated with real estate.mortgage stress test: Can you afford to buy a home? – · Can you afford to buy a home and pass the mortgage stress test? It’s a big question, and I want you to answer it without the bias of banks, lenders, family, or friends swaying your decision.
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Use our free mortgage calculator to quickly estimate what your new home will cost. Includes taxes, insurance, PMI and the latest mortgage rates.
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domain: economics


This part allows you to mount a TBS style SMA connector to the rear of the ShenDrones Ichabod Junior at a 45 degree angle. This version screws straight into the TPU as Mr Shen intends for it to be, but if you would prefer to use 8mm standoffs print this version: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3598191
Regarding print orientation, please see the attached image; printing it in this orientation eliminates the need for a lot of the support material and should make the resulting part much cleaner. Don't forget to ensure that overhangs of up to 50 degrees are not supported in the slicer :)
Print in TPU - I recommend Sainsmart TPU (which is what the majority of miniquad parts are printed with).


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Yo, what’s good? If you’re into smoking weed, or just looking for some health benefits, you might wanna check out this dope-ass cannabinoid called THCV. It’s the new kid on the block and everyone is talking about it. This article is gonna break down everything you need to know about THCV – what it is, how it’s different from THC, and all the health benefits it has to offer, like suppressing your appetite and treating neurodegenerative diseases. You’ll also learn where to find strains with high levels of THCV and how to consume it.
So, what is THCV?
THCV (that’s tetrahydrocannabivarin for ya) is a minor cannabinoid that’s found in small amounts in most strains of weed. But don’t let that fool you – it’s packed with unique health benefits that aren’t found in other cannabinoids like THC and CBD. THCV is mostly found in Cannabis sativa, which makes sense because this strain is known for its uplifting and stimulating effects.
Scientists have known about THCV since 1973, but they haven’t done a lot of research on it until recently. One reason for this is that most strains of weed contain only trace amounts of THCV, so it’s been hard to study. But now, researchers are starting to isolate THCV and breed special strains of weed that are high in THCV, so we can expect to learn more about this cannabinoid in the future.
What’s the difference between THC and THCV?
THC and THCV are similar in structure with one slight difference – THC has a pentyl (5 carbon) group while THCV has a propyl (3 carbon) group. This small variation means that THC activates CB1 receptors in your brain while THCV actually blocks them. This means that small doses of THCV won’t get you high like THC will, although higher doses can produce a similar psychoactive effect.
One of the biggest differences between THC and THCV is their effect on appetite. We all know that THC gives you the munchies, but THCV actually suppresses your appetite. This means that strains high in THCV can help you lose weight instead of gaining it like most strains high in THC.
What are the health benefits of THCV?
As I mentioned earlier, one of the biggest benefits of THCV is its ability to suppress your appetite. This makes it a great aid for weight loss when combined with a healthy diet and exercise. Unlike prescription weight loss drugs that can have serious side effects, using THCV to suppress your appetite is a much healthier option.
Treatment for Diabetes
THCV has been shown to decrease blood glucose levels and increase insulin production in animal studies. This makes it a potential treatment for Type II diabetes. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help ease the pain of neuropathy, which is another symptom of diabetes.
Stimulates Bone Growth
THCV has been shown to promote the growth of new bone cells which could make it a potential treatment for osteoporosis and other bone conditions.
Improved Symptoms of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Research has shown that THCV can reduce symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease such as tremors, motor control, and brain lesions. It also has antioxidant neuroprotective properties that can help relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and potentially delay its progression. Its anticonvulsant properties have been shown to improve symptoms of seizure disorders like epilepsy.
THCV has been shown to reduce or even eliminate anxiety attacks without suppressing emotion. This makes it an effective treatment for patients with anxiety disorders such as PTSD. It also enhances 5-HT1A receptor activation which creates antipsychotic effects that could be useful in treating some negative cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
THCV is considered an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory effects as well. Research has shown decreased signs of inflammation and inflammatory pain in mice. It’s known to block CB1 receptors but can activate CB2 receptors which give it the ability to decrease inflammation.
Is THCV legal?
The legality of THCV is unclear in the United States since it comes from weed and can be psychoactive in large doses. While it’s not classified as a Schedule I drug like THC, possession intended for human consumption could be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act. In the UK, THCV is listed as a Schedule 1 drug which means it’s illegal to sell or possess.
Which strains are high in THCV?
If you wanna feel the effects of THCV, you’ll need to find strains that are specifically bred to be high in THCV. African sativas are known to have higher amounts than indicas or hybrids. Some strains have even been specially bred for their high levels like Doug’s Varin which contains up to 28% THCV or Slim Hash which has up to 38.44% THCV.
How can you consume THCV?
You can consume strains high in THCV through flower form or processed into extracts, oils, or edibles for a higher concentration of cannabinoids. You can find tablets that contain equal parts THC, THCV, and CBG or oils if you’re looking for therapeutic benefits instead of psychoactive effects. Vape pens and cartridges also come in pure THCV or a 1:1 ratio with THC if you prefer vaping.
THCV is a minor cannabinoid with major health benefits that everyone should know about! It’s not only great for suppressing your appetite but also potentially treating diabetes, bone conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, anxiety disorders, and inflammation. As more research is done on this cannabinoid and more strains are bred with high levels of THCV, we’ll learn even more about its amazing properties!

domain: chemistry


We Help The Community
We play a critical role
Everyone expects services to be available when they are needed. Our customers include people in need, Together Center agencies, other nonprofits, governments, foundations, corporations, faith communities, businesses, schools, and the community at large.
We better the community
- We create easy access to a full range of services to help people and communities succeed.
- We optimize the delivery of direct human services
- We boost collaboration between agencies, partners and the community.
- We help agencies maximize resources and reduce duplication.
- We lead, sponsor and support efforts to better our community (see Our Partners).
We work to become greener
- Updated lighting fixtures and T8 bulbs added in 2007
- Updated HVAC with electronic controls added in 2009
- Improved recycling and campus training in 2010
- Bicycle racks
- King County Best Workplace for Waste Prevention and Recycling 2012
We share our resources
- We provide the community with a nonprofit meeting and learning venue.
- We are inclusive: nonprofits throughout the Eastside and beyond are welcome to participate in our many activities and benefits.


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To have a purpose is a blessing.
We all need a purpose, a reason to be here.
Many of us can spend a lifetime searching for our purpose.
Those of us who find our purpose early in life are truly blessed.
I was just 14 when I made a short animated film with dancing tin cans in my back garden. As soon as I got the film back and saw the cans dancing as if by magic, I just knew that I wanted to become an animator. I had no idea of how I could earn my living from animation, only that in my heart this was all I wanted to do.
I remember feeling very fortunate that I had such a strong desire and motivation. From that point on my life became simple and straightforward.
All I had to do was go to art college and then specialise in animation and follow my path.
Life from that point on couldn't have unfolded more easily for me.
When you know what you truly desire to do in life, then you know where to focus your energy and the law of attraction starts to work beautifully.
Circumstances start to cooperate with you. Opportunities simply arise. The people you need to connect with just appear. Life unfolds naturally.
The path you need to travel along becomes crystal clear and open to you.
However if you are not sure of what you want to do in life, then you might find life to be more challenging.
You may well feel that there is something missing in your life and spend a great deal of time and energy searching to fill the void.
This can be truly frustrating.
If this is something you relate to then please read on.
It may well be that all your time is taken up with doing what needs to be done.
You need to work to earn money of course and then perhaps you have a family to take care of, you have commitments. Your life maybe somewhat complicated and you probably don't even have time to think about how your life is unfolding, you are just getting on with it. Or burying your head in the sand!
It doesn't address the real problem.
What I am going to suggest is that you stop for a moment and really pay attention to the way you are leading your life. Give full attention to where you are right now. Is this where you want to be? Is this where you imagined you would be, or did you have other thoughts and dreams?
If you had other dreams, I am going to ask you to recall them today. To sit down with a piece of paper and write down how you imagined your life would unfold.
Is there a dream you had when you were younger that has been long forgotten and effectively brushed under the carpet?
I want you to write that dream down in bold capital letters and look at it.
Remind yourself of what you had originally wanted to do in your life that has been overtaken by day to day existence.
Bring that dream back to the forefront of your mind. Like a long neglected seed that has been hidden away and only just rediscovered, put the seed in fresh soil and give it plenty of water.
No matter how long a seed has been left, it will spring to life when given love, water and a happy home.
Think of your long lost dream as a seed that is just waiting for the right time.
Perhaps the time is now ?
There is no time like the present.
Make a present to yourself of the present.
Be present and give yourself the respect you so deserve.
Love yourself by recalling your passion.
You are not just here to survive and get by.
You are here to follow your dream, your passion, your heart.
Why else are you here ?
Your dream is what makes you unique.
Imagine the next time you go to a party and are being introduced to a stranger.
What would you like to be able to say to them when it comes to that classic universal question, " So what do you do ? "
How would you like to answer?
No excuses, please !
I am asking that as of today you write down your dream and pin it up where you can see it every day. I want you to talk openly with friends and family about your dream. Bring it slowly and gently back into your life and give it an opportunity to grow.
This is not about the stranger at the party, this is about your dream being a stranger to you.
I want you and your dream to be reunited and for the relationship to flourish.
Your dream may have been brushed under the carpet for quite some time now, but as of today you are lifting up the carpet and picking up the dream.
It has been neglected for long enough and now is the time to make your dream come true.
Please don't be a stranger to your dream.
Love your dream.

domain: psychology


Bing Bing for Bartz: "show me the money"
No, there was no money involved in the Yahoo - Microsoft deal, it was about a lot more than just money. Yahoo investors must have been unhappy with the deal Carol Bartz made with Microsoft. A year earlier they could have made a lot more.
The sales were made in March and June and were not just made by Bartz. Yahoo General Manager Mike Callahan sold 1.35$ worth of his shares last year also and board member Carl Icahn sold a big part of his shares also.
Tagcloudgoogle earth app android search engine strategies twitter spain event website internet google maps search engines adwords social media london interview blogger youtube linkbuilding google tools privacy funny china searchcowboys search yandex indonesia video facebook advertising street view analytics blog search engine streetview smx baidu mobile matt cutts gmail maps


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Agricultural Lime (Calcium Carbonate ) is a soil conditioner made from crushed limestone. It is an excellent calcium source.
The benefits of agricultural lime include:
- Improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil
- Promoting better nitrogen fixation by legumes
- Increasing the availability of nutrients to plants
- Reducing toxicities in the soil
- Enhancing the effectiveness of some herbicides
- Supplying calcium, magnesium and other minerals to crops
- Raises pH in acidic soil
Field trials show, because of MICRONA’s™ ultra-fine grind, you can apply up to 50% less than the traditional ag lime recommendation and see the same results. It’s lightning quick response for pH adjustment and high calcium nutrient availability are exactly what every farmer should expect from their liming dollar.
Soil fertility is the backbone of good crop production. MICRONA™ corrects low soil pH rapidly to enhance nutrient uptake, activate microorganisms, and prevent the solubility of many heavy metals. Multiple applications of fertilizer can lower pH to less than optimum levels. Check with your crop advisor to see how MICRONA™ can increase your yields and profitability today. Certified Organic by WSDA.

domain: agronomy


The authorities-sponsored housing finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (GSEs) had been rescued with substantial taxpayer injections of funds and put into authorized conservatorship in the course of the fiscal crisis of 2008. They continue to be in conservatorship nowadays, controlled on a day by day foundation by the Federal Housing Finance Company (FHFA) with the Treasury Department’s legally binding agreement (PSPA) giving Treasury substantial legal authority to go together with its ownership of 79.9 percent of every companies inventory. Brookings’ Centre on Regulation and Marketplaces convened a various team of housing finance experts to talk about the upcoming of the GSEs. This is a recap of that dialogue.
Conservatorship was by no means intended to be a semi-long-lasting condition. Around the decades several reform proposals have been floated, like a bipartisan hard work by then Senate Banking Committee Chairman Tim Johnson (D-SD) and Position Member Mike Crapo (R-ID), based on a proposal authored by the Bipartisan Plan Center claimed Dennis Shea, govt director of J. Ronald Terwilliger Centre for Housing Plan at the Bipartisan Plan Heart. This proposal garnered considerable momentum but did not make it around the end line. Regardless of rumors that the Trump administration would recapitalize and release the GSE’s, they passed on the chance to fundamentally change the condition, alternatively pursuing a established of much more moderate reforms. Numerous of these reforms, set in location underneath former FHFA Director Mark Calabria, garnered praise from unpredicted resources including Diane Yentel, president and CEO of the Countrywide Small Money Housing Coalition and the Center for Dependable Lending’s Mike Calhoun.
Calhoun, together with previous bond trader Lewis Ranieri (normally credited with inventing the home finance loan backed safety) authored a new in depth proposal to reform the GSEs and conclusion the conservatorship. The Calhoun/Ranieri system would institute a set of long lasting reforms to the GSEs, finally releasing them back into operation to be regulated as utilities. In the process, the Treasury Department would sell of its ownership stake, liberating possibly $100 billion to be applied to address reasonably priced housing and encourage homeownership, with a specific concentrate in addressing the persistent racial homeownership hole.
One particular year right after asserting their system in a paper revealed by Brookings, Calhoun laid out his argument for why it however tends to make sense these days. Calhoun cited bipartisan help for ending the conservatorship as evidenced in the course of the new confirmation hearing for new FHFA Director Sandra Thompson. Calhoun argued that the Treasury Department had unwound its placement from multiple other companies it bailed out less than the Troubled Asset Relief Plan (TARP), such as AIG. Underneath Calhoun’s approach, FHFA and Treasury would get the job done jointly to cement a established of modifications that would result in the GSEs operating in a utility-like design that could not be unwound by potential administrative action. FHFA would continue on to regulate the GSEs immediately after Treasury had marketed off its ownership.
The sale of Treasury’s posture would produce up to $100 billion, Calhoun estimates. This dollars could be applied for a selection of housing needs without more Congressional motion. It is unusual for the administration to be equipped to make $100 billion to use without Congressional appropriations, and with President Biden’s Create Back Much better initiative having difficulties in Congress, it is tricky to see yet another path where by federal assets of this magnitude would be committed to marketing reasonably priced housing or addressing the homeownership hole. The standing quo process is making incredibly disparate results throughout America by race. Information exhibits that GSE supported loans in in New York in 2020, for illustration, have been skewed 17 to 1 for white Us residents as opposed to Black.
Margaret Franklin, vice president at Fulcrum and also a local govt formal, equated Calhoun’s paper to the “blueprint for housing affordability,” emphasizing the have to have for action on a community stage. Shea highlighted the worth of source side constraints for affordable housing, which is normally the result of local zoning regulation (for extra on this see Brookings Senior Fellow Jenny Schuetz’s new book “Fixer Upper”). Yentel agreed on the have to have for additional funding for housing, and available the strategy of distributing the new dollars by way of the current the Nationwide Housing Belief Fund. She also stressed the worth of guaranteeing that some federal expense go towards assist for inexpensive leasing housing for very low-revenue Individuals. All panelists echoed her on the relevance of rental housing, highlighting the interlocking character of housing between homeownership and rental.
Bryan Greene, vice president of policy advocacy from the Countrywide Association of Realtors agreed on the great importance of a financial marketplace utility product. He pointed out that amid the congressionally chartered obligations of the GSEs is closing the racial homeownership hole. If the GSEs had been to be reformed administratively, without the need of express laws, he produced crystal clear the significance of endorsing a utility design.
The dialogue shut with the problem of no matter if we can afford to pay for to hold out for GSE reform. Panelists agreed that urgent, bipartisan motion is required. Greene borrowed a Monty Python quote—“It’s not dead, it is just resting,” —to spotlight the possibility to resuscitate this discussion. Brookings moderator Aaron Klein quoted his former manager Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner’s most loved motto: “Plan beats no program,” and inspired all those who consider there is a better substitute to Calhoun/Ranieri’s proposal to occur ahead. Finally, the panelists agreed on the urgency of the situation and motivation for action.
Coming out of the event the dilemma stays no matter whether Congress is capable of legislating on GSE reform absent supplemental crisis. Steadiness in housing finance is important for the economy and for American families, as for most American’s their residence is the premier asset. If Congress are not able to legislate, is there a path for administrative action that produces security for the housing marketplace, prospect for all those in search of homeownership, and garners bipartisan support? Calhoun’s prepare is out there tests to see if it can thread those needles.
The Brookings Institution is financed via the help of a numerous array of foundations, companies, governments, men and women, as nicely as an endowment. A record of donors can be found in our once-a-year experiences posted online here. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions in this report are only those people of its writer(s) and are not affected by any donation.


Editor: I have been a resident of Loudoun County for 30 years. The budget for Loudoun County Schools is $1.1 billion this year. Last week, there were four more drug- and alcohol-related deaths in the area. Loudoun County is one of the most affluent counties in the nation. Loudoun County is also one of the very few counties in Virginia without a 30-day in-house drug and alcohol treatment center, huh?
Inova Loudoun’s Cornwall hospital will detox you for five days and then you are out—that’s it. There is something drastically wrong with this picture. Oh, did I mention the drug court program was denied funding five years ago? The Loudoun County Board of Supervisors will be taking another look at the program this year when setting the budget.
Three of nine supervisors have returned my calls regarding both the drug court program and a 30-day in house treatment center.
Families know the ripple effect of addiction. I’m done with this frothy emotional appeal. These are the facts—and the carnage continues.
Jim Vogel, Leesburg


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Theron Neese joins the company after 17 years at Cardinal Heath.
October 3, 2017
Acquisition expands company's presence in perforated metal manufacturing.
The acquisition expands Kodiak's footprint in Colorado.
Ace has been collaborating with the e-commerce startup since 2016.
U.S. revenue increased 10.4 percent year-over-year.
Stephen Murphy succeeds retiring president and CEO Joe Cowan.
Prices increased by 0.4 percent in the EU28.
The acquisition expands Winsupply's footprint into northern Florida.
Canadian acquisition strengthens company's presence in Western Canada.


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San Francisco - Bay Area & Wine Country - Restaurants - 2011
Chinois's owners have cornered the market on Asian cuisine in this neck of the woods (they also own Ume Japanese Bistro), but in this case, monopolies aren't a bad thing. A delightful gem, delivering fresh flavors that are a welcome change from the sticky sweet sauces of other Asian spots, Chinois is Asian fusion without the confusion.
A little bit of this, a little bit of that, the menu proudly hightlights curries from Thailand, dim sum from China, and noodle dishes from all over. It may seem like a tall order to blend so many different styles, but the kitchen executes this task flawlessly. Thanks to its wine country location, the Asian haven touts a respectable list of wines to accompany the beer selections.
“The new Asian cuisine”
A trio of Sonoma County restaurateurs created Chinois to bring us fine examples of the trend, using as much fresh, local produce as possible. Debbie Shu, a graduate of the California Culinary Academy in San Francisco, co-owns the place along with her sister Kelly Shu and Chef Chang Liow. The Shu sisters grew up in Taiwan and Liow hails from the Chinese community in Singapore.
Perhaps the dish that best exemplifies how modern Asian cuisine treats its traditional ingredients with a gourmet sensibility is the Steamed Alaskan Cod ($16 ). The chunk of filet is seared, then placed in a parchment envelope with sliced shiitakes and a white wine-based sauce. The envelope fills with steam and becomes puffy. The white fish keeps its sturdy texture while retaining its moisture. The mushrooms and wine sauce enhance the mild flavor of the fish without overpowering it.
While the food is a revelation, maybe the most surprising aspect of Chinois is the wine list. Liow has for several years run a business exporting wines from high-end wineries like Viader, Staglin Family, Whitehall Lane, Darioush and Robert Sinskey to Singapore, and he is also a sommelier of note. He's stocked Chinois' glassed-in wine cellar with some pretty amazing bottles -- more along the lines of wines you'd expect to find in an international hotel than a restaurant in Windsor. There are moderately priced bottles, of course, but how about these rare wines and their rarified prices: 2004 Rochioli "West Block" Pinot Noir, $275; 2001 Vogue Chambolle Musigny, $320; 2005 Pax "Majik Vineyards" Syrah, $200; 2002 Ornellaia, Bolgheri, $354. You get the idea.
To sum up: Chinois serves up-to-the-minute dishes that bring the best of modern Asia to Sonoma County. It's a welcome addition to Wine Country's culinary scene.
The aroma of spices and garlic that wafts from Chinois Asian Bistro in downtown Windsor entices visitors through the door—and down the Silk Road. The ancient and renowned trading route influenced the cuisine of Japan, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, Cambodia, the Philippines and Southeast Asia, and is reflected in Chinois' large and varied menu.
The dim sum sampler ($14) features two shrimp and leek dumplings, three pork shu mai and two barbecued pork buns. The dumplings were bursting with fresh leeks and shrimp, and the soft but slightly chewy steamed pork buns were generously stuffed with shredded meat. Shu mai, small dumplings with a flavorful ground pork filling, were another table pleaser, and it was difficult to share two among all of us.
“We love, love, love this place. A little gem in Windsor. The best Pad Thai we've ever had. Great ambiance, wonderful music, and yummy food. I love the selection of dishes and small plates. A definite go-to place in Windsor!”

domain: food


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The beginning of the year means one thing: health kick! So, what is the best way to get healthy stuff into your body? The chefs at Rattan Direct bring this bundle of colorful fruits and vegetables, into one delicious detoxing smoothie recipe!
|Please watch the video for ingredients!|
Please watch the video for directions!


Blue Ridge came in hot after dismantling Hermitage over the weekend and after a blistering first half on the road against Fork Union, appears to be hitting its stride rather quickly. Behind an offensive explosion in the first quarter, the Barons cruised to an 81-40 win to improve to 3-0 and on the season.
“I told the guys before this game — this is a shooter’s gym, even from way back when I played,” said Blue Ridge coach Cade Lemcke, who played on the same floor at FUMA when he was at Hargrave Military Academy. “This is just a great gym for shooters, the lighting, the rims, I knew we’d shoot the ball well here tonight and told the guys to shoot with confidence and they did. The combination of shooting well and making that extra pass, we got open looks tonight.”
Darius McGhee had a breakout game and got warm out of the gate. McGhee poured in 10 of his game high 27 points in the first quarter fueled by a pair of 3-pointers. That paired with eight first quarter points from Myles Jones who also hit a pair of treys allowed the Barons to take a commanding 27-9 lead going into the second quarter.
“At first we just came in looking to make the extra pass,” McGhee said. “All my teammates made that extra pass and I was just lucky enough to be in the right spot a lot of times. All the shots were pretty much wide open, I had clear looks at the basket.”
Up comfortably after the first eight minutes, the Barons padded their lead by 13 more points as turnovers and a tough night shooting started to take its toll on the Blue Devils. Aamir Simms went to work inside and picked up seven of his 15 points on the night. Blue Ridge went into the break up by 31 points.
“We have a special group as the chemistry builds and we continue to make strides,” Lemcke said. “This is a very talented group, but more so than that, they are unselfish. So as the chemistry comes along, this is going to become a special team.”
Little changed in the second half as Blue Ridge continued to lean on its depth and got field goals from nine different players, and points from 10 individuals allowed the Barons to tack on 14-more points to their lead heading into the fourth quarter.
“It feels good when we’re executing well, playing hard on defense,” McGhee said. “Practice has been paying off. We had a hard practice yesterday before this game today. It just feels like practice is working out for us on defense, with conditioning and just executing on plays.”
Fork Union played its best in the final frame, outscoring the Barons 14-10 in that stretch with Julius Smith and James Brooks combining for eight points. On the night, the Blue Devils were led by Dontae Thornton and Antonio Pua’auli-Pelham both of whom finished with seven points.
For Blue Ridge, after McGhee’s 27 points came Jones who finished with 14 on 5-of-7 shooting and also had four assists. Simms had 10 rebounds to go with his 13 points for a double-double, and also had a trio of steals. McGhee finished with a team best seven steals. The Barons’ defense forced 20 turnovers in the win.


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Atlantic News | Local Breaking | CTV News Atlantic
Alleged Fredericton shooter due back in court after psychiatric assessment
Published Thursday, February 7, 2019 1:25PM AST
Matthew Vincent Raymond, charged with four counts of first-degree murder, is escorted from provincial court in Fredericton on Monday, Oct. 22, 2018. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Andrew Vaughan)
FREDERICTON -- A Fredericton man accused of murdering four people in an August shooting spree is set to return to court Friday following a 60-day psychiatric assessment.
The assessment was ordered to determine if Matthew Raymond can be found criminally responsible for the crimes he has been accused of.
He is charged with four counts of first-degree murder in the deaths of Fredericton police constables Sara Burns and Robb Costello, and civilians Donnie Robichaud and Bobbie Lee Wright.
Raymond, who is in his late 40s, was previously found fit to stand trial after a shorter assessment, although details of the arguments seeking the assessments are under a publication ban.
He is alleged to have fired from his apartment window with a long gun, killing the two civilians as they loaded a car for a trip on Aug. 10, and the two police officers as they responded to the scene.
Raymond has previously told a judge there is evidence that would allow him to be "exonerated" immediately because of temporary insanity.
Following the last court appearance, defence lawyer Alison Menard said the longer assessment is to assess the mental state of an accused at the time of an alleged offence.
"Did they suffer from a mental disorder which would exempt them from responsibility?" she said outside court.
Nicole O'Byrne, a law professor at the University of New Brunswick, said in certain circumstances, people can be found not criminally responsible because they are lacking the intent element of the offence because of a mental disorder.
"A mental disorder as legally defined says that the person lacked the capacity to make a choice at the relevant time period to choose the bad act and to have planned it, such to incur criminal liability," she said in an interview.
O'Byrne said no matter what the outcome of the psychiatric assessment, it is still up to the judge to determine if there was no criminal responsibility due to a mental disability.
"You just don't send somebody off to the doctor and they say that person didn't have the capacity, because that's actually a legal determination whether somebody is criminally liable or not. That stage of where the doctors examine a person can be evidence of a person having a mental disorder defence, but it is not determinative of it," O'Byrne said.
Raymond has not entered a plea to the charges.
He has been very vocal in court, often complaining about the jail-issued orange jumpsuit he's been given to wear.
During his last appearance, Raymond told the judge that he was upset with case documents given to him by his lawyer, because he said only the court should have them.
The documents concerning the investigation are under a publication ban, but Raymond said guards where he's being held are able to see them.
He said a guard came into his cell in the middle of the night and was looking at the documents.

domain: law


text:
Rheed McCracken working on mental, physical strength.
Bundy boy topples stars
Teenage gold medal winner pays tribute to his late grandmother.
Rheed McCracken shines in his opening heat at the Rio Games
McCracken is primed for the Paralympic Games
Bundy welcomes back Paralympic hero Rheed McCracken

domain: news


In the case of any firearm, an action is a functional mechanism that enables the ammunition cartridge to work
. Furthermore, this type of mechanism has been categorized in numerous ways, such as single action vs. double action, break action vs. bolt action, and many more.
To put it in simple words, the process of breech loading a firearm to fire the ammunition is called an action.
- Single-action firearms require manual cocking before each shot, while double-action firearms can fire with a single trigger pull.
- Double-action firearms tend to have a longer and heavier trigger pull, which can affect accuracy.
- Single-action firearms often have a faster and lighter trigger pull, making them popular for target shooting and competitions.
Single Action vs Double Action
A single action is a type of trigger where the hammer of a firearm is released resulting from each shot taken. These firearms weigh 4-5 pounds. A double action is a type of trigger which cocks the hammer and then fires the gun. These firearms weigh 5-10 pounds.
Single action is the rudimentary and simplest step of any type of trigger. The terminology single-action denotes the only function of the trigger, which is to release the hammer.
Moreover, single-action is mostly attached to single-shot and repeating long arms like rifles, shotguns, and machine guns.
On the other side of the page, a Double action is also a type of rudimentary mechanism but performs two steps to fire.
The trigger of double action is the combination of double functions, which encloses both the cocking and releasing the hammer. Besides, this type of action is a prerequisite of a trigger-pulling design.
|Parameters of Comparison||Single Action||Double Action|
|Meaning||A single action is a basic type of squeeze trigger, which releases the hammer of the firearm that results from each separate shot.||Double Action is a type of trigger, which requires two functions- firstly, to strike the firearm for a shot.|
|Etymology||The incipient of single-action usage in firearms came in 1872, which was made by William Mason and Charles Brinckerhoff Richards’s Colt’s Manufacturing Company.||Double Action was invented by Robert Adams in 1851.|
|Mechanism||As, single-action operates in single shots, which functions when the trigger is pulled to release the hammer to be cocked subsequently by the fire of cartridges in the chamber.||The mechanism of a double-action works in two functions- one is to hammer and release it in a single row to get the fire shot.|
|Weigh||Single Action firearms weigh around 4-5 pounds.||Double Action weighs heavy, which is estimated at around 4-10 pounds.|
|Example||Colt Single Action was an example of Single action, which was created by the same name- Colt’s manufacturing company.||Taurus PT 92 is a double action that is largely sold in the market.|
What is Single Action?
A Single Action trigger is the most rudimentary type of trigger that has only one function to perform- to release the hammer or striker of the firearm.
Following the release of the hammer, it will be cocked by separate shots. Before the invention of double action, most triggers were single actions.
Eventually, the term Single Action has been in use since the mid-19th century.
These triggers don’t require a person to physically operate the trigger mechanism but to just squeeze the trigger. Single action is often used in revolver triggers for firing.
Originally, the usage of Single Action in firearms was manufactured by Colt’s Manufacturing Company in 1872 by William Mason and Charles Brinckerhoff Richards.
The single-action process takes place when the trigger is pulled to release the hammer, followed by the firing of cartridges in the chamber.
These triggers are manually operated prior to each shot. Single action is a very light weapon weighing around 4-5 pounds. For instance, 241 Pistol Single Shot 410-inch Caliber This Belgian is a single action weapon.
What is Double Action?
On the other hand, double action is a type of firearm trigger that involves two functions. It neither has an internal sear mechanism to hold the hammer in position, nor the whole hammer shrouded with a thumb spur design in its weapons.
Double action requires the design of trigger pulling, where everything remains in position until the trigger is pulled.
Robert Adams is the patent of the first double-action revolver, and he invented this type of trigger in 1851 to fire at a greater rate than any single-action gun does.
Unlike portable single-action guns, double-action weapons are quite long and heavy, weighing around 9-10 lbs. Taurus PT 92 is one of the widely renowned double-action guns.
Main Differences Between Single and Double Action
- Single action is a basic trigger that requires one step to pull the shot, whereas Double action is a two function of a firearm to release a shot.
- Single action was introduced in 1872 by William Mason and Charles Brinckerhoff Richard. Meanwhile, Double action was introduced in 1851 by Robert Adams.
- Single action operates by pulling the trigger, which releases the hammer to be cocked notwithstanding, Double action functions in two steps.
- Single Action weighs 3-4 pounds, but Double action is heavy to carry and is estimated to weigh around 4-10 pounds.
- There are Colt, 241 Pistol, and 410-inch Caliber as examples of single-action firearms. On the contrary, the Taurus PT 92 is famously known as a Double-action firearm.
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Piyush Yadav has spent the past 25 years working as a physicist in the local community. He is a physicist passionate about making science more accessible to our readers. He holds a BSc in Natural Sciences and Post Graduate Diploma in Environmental Science. You can read more about him on his bio page.


Protect Your HVAC system with Preventative Maintenance
Keep your home comfortable all year with our heating & cooling maintenance plans. Most homeowners have experienced HVAC failures firsthand when their equipment refuses to turn on in the cold winter months. One of the best ways for a homeowner to avoid costly HVAC repairs is to keep their system regularly maintained by a qualified technician. Our VIP agreement service plan extends the life of your system and ensures that it runs smoothly.
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Blue-Trend completed the building sailing yacht MORNAR in 1943. Therefore, she was built over in Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia is the country that Blue Trend Yachts constructed their new build sailing yacht in. After official launch in 1943 in Yugoslavia the boat was delivered on to the proud new owner after sea trials. A reasonable proportion is brought about with a maximum beam (width) of 7 metres or 23 ft. The material wooden was used in the building of the hull of the sailing yacht. Her superstructure over the hull is built with the use of wood. In 1998 further refit work and updating was additionally finished.
MORNAR is propelled by a single screw propeller. The engine of the ship generates 400 horse power (or 294 kilowatts). She is equiped with 1 engines. The sum thrust for the yacht is accordingly 400 HP or 294 KW.
Apportioning quarters for a maximum of 30 welcome guests sleeping aboard, the MORNAR accommodates everyone in style.
- Overall output: 400 HP /294 KW. - Approximate Cruise Speed is 10 knots. - Top Speed: 11 nautical miles per hour. - Water: unknown. - Beam: 7m/23ft. Yacht Type: motor sailer.
She has a wood deck.
The luxury yacht MORNAR displayed on this page is merely informational and she is not necessarily available for yacht charter or for sale, nor is she represented or marketed in anyway by CharterWorld. This web page and the superyacht information contained herein is not contractual. All yacht specifications and informations are displayed in good faith but CharterWorld does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the current accuracy, completeness, validity, or usefulness of any superyacht information and/or images displayed. All boat information is subject to change without prior notice and may not be current.


text:
WHAT WE DO
We create an environment on Bainbridge Island where local agriculture can flourish by managing approximately 60 acres of publicly-owned farmland, providing affordable housing for farm interns, connecting farmers with landowners for affordable farmland, and advocating the communitywide social and economic value of local farms and food.
Small-scale farming has become endangered on Bainbridge Island. Our island-city is experiencing rapid “suburbanization,” with dramatic loss of land that is suitable for farming. Through a variety of means, Friends of the Farms is reversing this trend by:
- advocating for local farming
- managing city-owned farmlands
- involving the community in volunteer efforts
- accomplishing farm infrastructure projects
- performing community outreach
- providing on-farm educational experiences
- creating opportunities for more land to become farmland
Because one of the major barriers to the renewal of small farming here is the high cost of land, our organization focuses on providing workable land for farmers, through a variety of means: acquisition of land through city-sponsored initiatives, collaboration with land trust organizations, creation of leases for appropriate use of city-owned farmland, matching private landowners with farmers, and developing legacy land-giving programs.
We believe that the history of farming on Bainbridge Island is a legacy worth cherishing and that our efforts to keep farming alive, will create a more resilient local economy, protect the natural beauty of the landscape, and provide healthy food for our community.


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domain: game


text:
Virtual Cinema screenings are available exclusively to MoMA members. Not a member? Join today and start streaming.
Friends and Strangers. 2021. Australia. Directed by James Vaughan. 84 min.
The callow fumbling of wayward young people seeking romantic and professional satisfaction remains an ever-present theme of international cinema, yet Australian director James Vaughan has found entirely new, poignant, and hilarious ways to reveal his characters’ charms and deficits, privileges and blind spots. The story pivots on the failed attempts of freelance videographer Ray (Fergus Wilson) to woo the disinterested Alice (Emma Diaz) during an impromptu camping trip, and the fallout back in Sydney. Vaughan’s ear for the casual cut-down and the solipsism of youth is matched by his refreshing affinity for structural surprise, climaxing in an extended, hilarious sequence at the home of a wealthy client of Ray’s that gently pushes the boundaries of comic realism.
Virtual Cinema is not available to Annual Pass members. Virtual Cinema screenings are not available outside the US.

domain: artistic


A Competitive Study of Cryptography Techniques over Block
The complexity of cryptography does not allow many people to actually
understand the motivations and therefore available for practicing security cryptography.
s seeks to distribute an estimation of basic cryptographic primitives
across a number of confluences in order to reduce security assumptions on individual
nodes, which establish a level of fault
tolerance opposing to the node alteration. In a
networked and distributed communications environment, there are more
and more useful situations where the ability to distribute a computation between a
number of unlike network intersections is needed. The reason back to the efficiency
(separate nodes per
form distinct tasks), fault
tolerance (if some nodes are unavailable
then others can perform the task) and security (the trust required to perform the task is
shared between nodes) that order differently. Hence, this paper aims to describe and
review the d
ifferent research that has done toward text encryption and description in the
block cipher. Moreover, this paper suggests a cryptography model in the block cipher.
Generally, the utilization of the encryption techniques has raises differ
issues, which consisted mostly on how to effectively manage the encryption keys
to ensure that they are safeguarded throughout their life cycle and are protected
from unauthorized disclosure and modification.
Several reasons in the encryption
of information over block cipher are observed in
terms of key management, which known as an important issue to the public safety
community, most of these issues addressed the following:
Difficulties in addressing the security issues regarding encryption ke
Lacks in providing a suitable details about the different threats in terms of
decision makers on the importance of key management;
Difficulties in generating the suitable recommendations for establishing
proper key management.
Sequentially, providing a secure and flexible cryptography mechanism raises the
needs for analyzing and comparing different encryption algorithms for the aim of
enhancing the security during the encryption process.
Hence, this paper suggested a crypt
ography mechanism in the block cipher by
managing the keys sequentially.
These keys will works dependently for extracting and generating the content
relation to be managed later by the key management that helps to communicate
and share sensitive informati
In particular, the importance of thorough, consistent key management processes
among public safety agencies with interoperable functions cannot be overstated.
This model aims to secure dissemination, loading, saving, and eliminating faults
of keys to
make encryption implementations effective.
There are inherent possibilities if suitable key management processes are not
accompanied because of the intricacy of dispensing keys to all block in a certain
This risk can be meaningfully appeased throu
gh sufficient key controls and proper
education on encryption key management.
Homophonic Cryptographic IDE
Encryption Module with Key Generation
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS:
um IV 2.4 GHz
Windows XP Professional


text:
Owyhee Canyonlands Rafting Trips
5-Day Expedition - $1870/person
6-Day Expedition - $2270/person
7-Day Expedition - $2670/person
Owyhee trips run April through early July
Bruneau Canyonlands Rafting Trips
4-Day Bruneau Expedition - $1695/person
7-Day Jarbidge/Bruneau - $2910/person
Jarbidge-Bruneau trips available during May and June
4 and 5-Day vehicle supported hiking tour of the Jarbodge-Bruneau-Owyhee Canyonlands. Drive and hike to hot springs, river overlooks, and the most spectacular side canyons in the region.
4-day - $1400/person
5-day - $1695/person
Canyoneering/Hiking Expeditions available April through October. Be sure to go to the Canyoneering page for information on these trips. Many of our guest add 2 or 3 days of this activity to their river trip.
Each year we customize our schedule to best suit our guests needs. Contact us to arrange a start date that works well for you.
We are pleased to tentatively hold your reservation for 7 days. However, reservations are "confirmed" ONLY upon receipt of a deposit on a first-come first-served basis. A deposit of $800 is required to book your trip. We cannot guarantee space on any trip without a deposit.
Deposit to Confirm:
$800/person. We accept payment with VISA, MasterCard, or personal checks. If paying by check, make payable to:
Barker River Expeditions
34808 Hassinger Rd.
Lenore, ID. 83541
Cell: (509) 780-9599
The balance of your payment is due 60 days prior to the launch date of your trip. If final payment is not received when due, we reserve the right to regard the reservation as cancelled.
Maximum Group Size:
10 guests and 5 guides on river/14 guests and 6 guides Canyoneering
Our Owyhee trips meet in Boise, ID. Guests stay at the Vista Inn 208-336-8100. Jarbridge or Bruneau trips stay at the Hampton Inn, Mountain Home, ID, 208-587-7300. Plan to attend an 8 p. m. pre-trip meeting at your hotel the evening before your trip begins.
We provide transportation from Boise or Mountain Home to the river and back. We depart the morning of the first day and return on the afternoon of the last day.

domain: geography


Making Toronto one of the most competitive business regions in the world requires sensible government policies.
We are committed to ensuring all levels of government clearly hear and respond to the voice of the business community.
How We Advocate
Depending on the use and the policymakers involved, the Board’s advocacy efforts may be public, private or a mixture of both.
- Policy reports
- News releases and open letters
- Media interviews
- Participation in government consultations
- Sharing information via social media
- Private meetings with politicians and senior bureaucrats
- Deputations and written submissions to committees at City Hall and Queen’s Park
Latest Projects & Initiatives
- 2018 Provincial Budget Report Card - The Board's position on the Provincial budget and how it impacts our region.
- 2018 Federal Budget Report Card - The Board's perspective on the Federal budget and its impact on the Toronto region.
- Canadian Global Cities Council (CGCC) Calls for National Urban Strategy to Advance Infrastructure Delivery - In this paper, CGCC proposes a shift from our current ad hoc project-based approach to federal investments in Canada’s major metros to one that aligns investments with regional priorities to accommodate growth and competitiveness.
- Labour Law Reform - In addition to the opposition led by the Ontario Chamber of Commerce, the Board has voiced its disagreement with the provincial government’s proposed changes to Ontario’s labour laws such significant changes in the absence of further information or offsets.
- Federal and Provincial Budget Report Cards – The Board introduced report cards to provide a concise response to the federal and provincial budgets.
- Revenue Tools to Fund Transit – As the conversation shifted from where to build transit lines to when and how to pay, the Board strongly advocated for timely decision-making to spur action on new revenue tools to fund transit infrastructure projects.
- Unlocking Value – the Board’s asset monetization report identified several areas, including the Toronto Parking Authority, where the City of Toronto could better use real estate assets to maximize the value of municipal infrastructure and free up more funds for priorities such as transit.
- Think Twice, Vote Once: Decision 2014 – This discussion paper provides a Toronto region business perspective on the core ballot box themes for municipal and provincial election year 2014.
Can't find what you're looking for? Send us your questions at email@example.com.


text:
Fill a medium-sized saucepan with 4 cups of water. Add torn kaffir lime leaves, roughly chopped lemongrass, galangal, whole garlic cloves, and sliced chilies. Cover, and bring to a boil over medium-high heat.
Let the water boil for about 5 minutes; add tom yum paste and coconut milk (if using). Bring heat to medium-low Simmer for another 5 minutes.
Add the shrimp, oyster mushrooms, onion, tomatoes, fish sauce, and sugar. Cover, and let simmer for 10 minutes.
During the last five minutes of simmering, add the cilantro or flat-leaf parsley, and the lime juice.


Bethlehem Mayor John Callahan has been fined by the Federal Elections Commission for using $9,932 of funds from his mayoral campaign for his congressional campaign, Colby Itkowitz of the Morning Call reports.
The news comes as Callahan contemplates a rematch against Republican Rep. Charlie Dent.
The original complaint, filed by Republican Party of Pennsylvania Chairman Rob Gleason on February 25, 2010, outlined payments made by Callahan’s mayoral campaign committee to Stanford Campaigns, a Democrat opposition research firm.
According to Callahan’s Campaign Manager, Justin Schall, “this firm was hired to find out what criminal background checks on the name John Callahan would dig up.”
At the time of the complaint, Schall said that when Callahan decided to run for Congress, partly based on the information garnered through the research, the congressional campaign had to pay for it and did so.
Callahan paid $5,000 back to his mayoral committee from his federal committee before the complaint was filed, but didn’t disclose or pay back the remaining $4,932, according to the FEC report.
The PAGOP pounced on the news vindicating Gleason’s complaint.
“John Callahan’s decision to improperly use funds from his mayoral campaign to support his bid for congress is wrong, and as the FEC recently ruled, illegal,” Gleason said. “This ruling further affirms the voters’ decision to reject John Callahan’s bid for Congress last year.”
Callahan settled with the FEC in August to avoid a lengthy proceeding, according to the report on the FEC website. The report also says Callahan said he acted “on good faith” because the research was used by both campaigns it was allowed.
Callahan must pay a civil fine of $1,200 and pay back his mayoral coffers.