Report Open Access
Thanos, Dimitris; Kolyva, Sissy; Michalopoulos, Ioannis; Merika, Menie; Westerhoff, Hans; Steinkoetter, Jutta; Hoefer, Thomas; Mauer-Oberthuer, Angela; Sharpe, James; La Novere, Nicolas; Martins dos Santos, Vitor; Nielsen, Jens
Most biological processes involve network interactions between multiple genes, proteins and environmental variables. The complexity of these interactions in time and space is enormous, creating highly individual and variable responses. Attempting to unravel and understand the dynamics of these processes requires the collection and integration of experimentally-derived, quantitative, systems-wide data on the state, dynamics and variability of living cells, organs, organisms and populations. Handling and interpreting these diverse data sets requires the use of a variety and complex set of computational, mathematical and statistical modelling techniques and can only be achieved with a critical mass in both the experimental and quantitative sciences. Achieving this effectively to deliver the ultimate goal of understanding how biological function emerges from interacting biological components is the major challenge for modern biology and lies at the core of evolving systems approaches.
Systems Biology is at the current frontier of life sciences, representing a highly interdisciplinary approach for understanding biological complexity in health and disease. In the last decades it has become clear that all life sciences relate to systems. The focus of medicine today is the systematic and systemic treatment of all multifactorial diseases, as compared to traditional single molecule targeted approaches. Therefore, new Systems Biology Infrastructures capable of supporting technology transfer as well as of translating scientific and medical discoveries into medical applications and other applied concepts will improve both our basic understanding of life and Medicine and enhance the economic potential of Europe. ISBE is an integrated research infrastructure that will exploit existing synergies and will create new opportunities for efficient research coordination and collaboration in the field of Systems Biology. ISBE will make available cutting-edge technologies in experimental and computational systems analysis to the wider community of European life scientists. Centres specialising in specific experimental and/or computational technologies will combine in a variety of operational clusters to create the backbone of the infrastructure. These centres will contribute to ISBE not just through specific projects, but also through the training of researchers - and by acting as hubs for stimulating further technology development. Additionally, the ISBE centres will catalyse the broader integration of the quantitative sciences of physics, mathematics and engineering with biology by providing a unique environment where scientists from all these disciplines meet, work together and educate each other.
ISBE will offer services and resources that are useful for all branches of the life sciences, independent of the type of organism or biological system studied. Systems biology creates a strong unifying and theory-based foundation in the life sciences. The different types of services include resources for stewardship and standardisation to make data, models and tools re-usable, modelling of biological systems based on integration of diverse data sets and the facilitation of model-compliant data generation.
Regarding the quality of data suitable for systems biology work, it is noted that most existing biological data sets are unsuitable for systems biology modelling: they are incomplete, unannotated, or have been acquired for other purposes and not necessary under physiological conditions. Researchers active in the systems biology field generally require precise data obtained under defined experimental conditions.
To address this, ISBE will facilitate the generation of data suitable for systems biology through: (i) the development of community standards and best practices for maps, data, tools, models and SOPS; (ii) the provision of brokerage services to bring researchers in contact with external research infrastructures or institutes with experimental design and data generation capabilities in compliance with ISBE standards; and (iii) support in the experimental design phase and throughout the data generation, integration, modelling and model validation process, in order to obtain model-compliant data.


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Semi-Homemade Char Siu Pork Buns
Today’s recipe for Char Siu Pork Buns is the result of a great trip to the local Asian supermarket. Before I share that story, let’s focus on these buns! They pork is sticky and crispy on the edges. Wedge that between a pillow of fluffy Asian style rolls and top with more gooey sauce and crunch pickles. Whoa does that yield some serious flavor!
My co-worker and I share the same affinity for being worldly in the kitchen. I decided it was time to take her to a local Asian supermarket near our office to make some new discoveries. We didn’t just stick to the noodle aisles either. We slowly combed every inch of that place. While, I’m not as adventurous as some cooks, it definitely gave me some great inspiration. My loot included my usual dumpling wrappers, a new steamer, sticky buns, and a bunch of new sauces and spices to experiment with.
Fast forward a few days later and I was now looking for what to stuff my buns with. Well, a fellow blogger of mine had me covered. I had recently stumbled across RecipeTin Eats recipe for Chinese Barbecue Pork (aka Char Siu). It looked absolutely perfect for what I was trying to pull together. The glaze looked thick and sappy (perfect for drizzling extra on the buns!).
Well, RecipeTin Eats didn’t let me down. The pork was tender and the marinade was perfection. I doubled the sauce to use it for my composed dish. I also picked up some sweet and spicy pickles from my local favorite, Picklicious. These pickles give it the crunch and the brightness the bites need. These buns melt in your mouth and warm your belly. It’s Asian comfort food for sure!

domain: food


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At Bassett Healthcare Network, taking good care of ladies’s health needs means extra than simply an annual exam; we provide whole care to your mind and body. Placing too much belief in your local pharmacy may also be harmful for your health and, although uncommon, errors are made that can compromise your health. A place where you possibly can take the time to take a seat down and overtly talk about your well being care questions, considerations and problems. From USD’s web site, Mary Barger is an Affiliate Professor of Nursing within the Hahn School of Nursing and Well being Science.
Full and complete care for ladies means ladies can select when and if they’ve children, It means they’ve entry to reproductive companies and may have planned pregnancies when it makes essentially the most sense for them and their households. The baby can obtain about a fifth of its blood quantity via placental transfusion following the delivery – and this will likely make a big difference within the health and nicely-being of a child. Our workforce is devoted to bettering the health of the area’s girls and providing attentive, highly customized look after you.
As SDPRC’s Deputy Director, Dr. Madanat is involved in growing and giving trainings to public well being professionals both regionally and across California. Companies embody routine annual exams, pap smears, contraception, sexually transmitted infection screening and treatment, breast exams and pregnancy options counseling. Several of the secondary outcomes occurred less regularly in the remedy group as well.
The applications and providers at Womens Well being and Household Providers are open to all West Australian women and their households, with consideration made for the unique needs of Aboriginal, migrant and refugee families. The Center for Young Girls’s Health offers monthly on-line chats for young women with Endometriosis, MRKH, and PCOS, and parents of young girls with MRKH. Observe the links under to search out a doctor in your community and learn should you could also be eligible to obtain free or reasonably priced well being services. Ladies’s Well being Specialists is devoted to offering ladies with data in order that they will make the most knowledgeable selections about their health care. Getting common medical verify-ups…), you wont’ be in any shape to look after others.
On the LBTQ Well being weblog we aren’t diagnosing or treating any disease or sickness. Seems the coached group confirmed no additional weight achieve, reported less stress, and their cholesterol levels where pretty much the identical. I will educate myself on methods to enhance or preserve my excessive commonplace of well being and discuss to my care supplier about how they will help me meet these objectives. We focus on your health and well-being not solely during your visits, but additionally by partnering with medical specialists within Cooley Dickinson and the Massachusetts General Hospital networks. Nation Health SA last week announced plans to close obstetric services on the hospital due to a lack of doctors with obstetric and anaesthetic abilities and a drop in births. For many people, speaking to a healthcare supplier about your health and physique might be intimidating.

domain: medical


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|5th November 2021|
The Queens Hall Edinburgh
85 - 89 Clerk Street, Edinburgh South EH8 9JG
|Visit the event website here|
|Follow queens_hall on Twitter|
|Facebook information can be found here|
A brilliant evening of world-class comedy from the Irishman internationally celebrated as one of live stand-up’s true masters.
We’re thrilled to welcome Jimeoin to The Queen's hall as part of his new smash-hit “Turn it Up!” tour - don’t miss this hilarious show! Jimeoin is an acclaimed, hugely loved and much respected comedian, with a wide appeal and a cheeky, no-gimmicks and superbly observed sense of humour that has his audiences in stitches across the UK, Europe, USA and of course Australia. The press say that he’s at the very top of the game - and we definitely agree!
It’s a great fun night out so don't miss your chance to see the award-winning star of TV shows including ‘Live at the Apollo’, ‘Conan’, ‘Royal Variety Performance' and ‘Sunday Night at the Palladium’ – Live!
Age restriction: 14+
Age recommendation: 16+
Presented by Live Nation and MZA
Photo: Steve Ullathorne
While we take every opportunity to ensure the details for Jimeoin - Turn It Up! are accurate, we always advise that you contact the event organiser before setting out for the event to avoid disapointment. All information (whether in text or photographs) is given in good faith but should not be relied upon as being a statement of representation or fact.
Dunedin Consort return to Edinburgh with one of Bach’s most heart-rending works, a piece that feels more powerful now than ever.
The world’s very first Ukulele Orchestra is not just about ukuleles; it is about entertainment, joy, fun, strum and artistry. Come along and tap your toes at The Queen's Hall!
Enjoy an evening of music, laughter and grumpiness when Rick Wakeman brings The Even Grumpier Old Christmas Show to The Queen's Hall!
Terminal V returns to The Royal Highland Centre for the biggest event to date with a full weekend festival running over Saturday and Sunday 3rd & 4th April!
Comedian John Robertson's The Dark Room is a gut-busting rock n' roll experience for everyone who buys a ticket! Don't miss it at the Stand Edinburgh on April 4th!
Absolute powershed and regular host of The Guilty Feminist, Jessica Fostekew explores her big strong strength when she brings her show 'Hench' to the Stand Edinburgh!

domain: entertainment


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In the past month a lot of focus has been on the 30th Anniversary for Super Mario, a major landmark joined by the release of Super Mario Maker on Wii U. There have been plenty of interviews and events, but it can be interesting to look back at previous anniversaries to see what was different or, more likely, rather the same.
That's the rationale for Shmuplations, which has posted a translation of an interview from Nintendo Online Monthly in which Shigeru Miyamoto spoke a lot about Mario to celebrate the franchises' 20th Anniversary in 2005.
First of all, there's an interesting anecdote that shows how the success of Super Mario Bros. was pivotal in the fortunes of the NES. For context - the original Famicom launched in 1983, and came to North America in its NES form in 1985 after various delays and issues localising the hardware. While Super Mario Bros. was a launch game in NA, it was actually developed as a swansong for the cartridge technology, with Nintendo shifting focus to the Japan-only Famicom Disk System. Of course, the huge success of the NES and Super Mario Bros. system brought cartridges back onto the agenda very quickly.
When we were first making Super Mario Brothers, the staff at Nintendo were saying "What? Another Mario game?" He had appeared in a lot of different games before that, you see. It had been 2 years since the Famicom was first released, and we were trying to transition to the Famicom Disk System. Super Mario Bros. was actually going to be the final game that we developed for both cart and disk before switching to Disk System development entirely. This is true. (laughs)
Further along in the interview Miyamoto-san also shared some insights for those interested in getting into game creation. Though a decade on development tools are more readily available and easy to use than ever before, much of what he said is still relevant today.
Games are created via technology, so naturally you'll want to equip yourself with some technical skills. In truth, there's no such job as "game creator" per se. There's programming, sound, graphics, and so forth… you must become proficient at one of these.
Also, although you should of course play games, it's absolutely critical that you do other things too. You need to know what people find fun and interesting in life generally. And to do that, you've got to try a lot of things yourself. Sports, music, anything is ok, just so long as you expand your own horizons.
I think it's also important to have many friends, and have people you can talk with. Most people, by the time they get to college, know the kind of people they like to be with and are inclined to hang out with them all the time, but I think it's important to actively seek people outside of your own circle and experience, so you can see more of the world. Being able to focus in and really get absorbed in the things you love is also important.
Finally, the following answers give a lovely insight into Miyamoto-san's home life and passion for music, both vital in helping him relax away from work.
...However, in the final 2-3 months before a development is complete, life does get crazy. I was very involved in the Mario 64 DS production (the design specs, as well as the finishing touches), and I worked late many nights—I even outlasted many of the younger employees sometimes! But no matter how busy I am, I always rest on the weekends. As you'd expect, since getting married I make a point to spend time with my family. I relax with them, and we have a tri-color sheltie that I take on walks. In the last 5 years I've had fun tooling around in my garden and doing DIY projects around the house, too. Bluegrass music is another hobby of mine, and I also play guitar in my free time.
...It's (Bluegrass) something of a niche genre, but originally it was an Irish form of music that was developed in America. It features guitar and banjo, mandolin, fiddle. The chord structures from song to song are very similar, so it's easy for people to get together and jam. I go to bluegress festivals, where musicians gather at a camp and anyone can play together. Over 100 people will get into a circle and everyone jams together. It's one of the absolute highlights of my life.
...I was in a bluegrass band in college, and although I've had blank periods, I've been playing for about 30 years now. The technology of bluegrass music hasn't changed a bit… using my hands for music and game design helps keep me young too. If I can just keep doing these two things, I'll never get senile!
Let us know what you think of these quotes from Miyamoto-san a decade on, and be sure to check out the full interview at the link below. The following video, meanwhile, gives you a taster of Miyamoto-san's guitar playing from when he met a couple of Nintendo Life's team just recently.

domain: hobby


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A third UCLA player has been ruled out due to concussions this week as running back Bolu Olorunfunmi was declared out by the medical staff Tuesday afternoon, UCLA head coach Chip Kelly said Wednesday before practice.
The senior running back joins running back Soso Jamabo and sophomore outside linebacker Jaelan Phillips as players ruled out due to head injuries during the past week.
Olorunfunmi missed part of training camp with an undisclosed injury this summer. When he returned to the field, he was wearing a special VICIS helmet that is designed to reduce impact forces.
When asked if he thought the frequency of concussions this year was unusual, Kelly said he didn’t think any injury, concussion or otherwise, was unusual.
“It’s a sport where I think everybody deals with it and it’s just part of what happens,” the coach said. “Sometimes they happen at one position, sometimes they happen on one side of the ball, but I don’t think there’s a pattern. But you just have to deal with it and hope that you have guys behind them that can step up.”
Olorunfunmi, who was UCLA’s leading returning rusher, played in all six games, but got just 31 carries for 85 yards. His four rushing touchdowns were tied for the team lead.
The Bruins have four scholarship running backs left, including their top three rushers. Redshirt junior Joshua Kelley leads the team with 433 yards on 73 carries. He has rushed for 100 yards in three consecutive games. Freshman Kazmeir Allen and Martell Irby have also played in every game this season, combining for 276 rushing yards. Junior Brandon Stephens hasn’t gotten a carry this year.
Outside linebacker Marcus Moore has suspended indefinitely for a violation of team standards, Kelly said Wednesday. The redshirt sophomore has three tackles in four games this season.
Moore was recently moved from defensive line to outside linebacker to compensate for the diminished depth after Phillips’ injury in the second week of the season.
Offensive lineman Andre James (death in family) missed his second day of practice Wednesday. Jake Burton lined up at left tackle with the No. 1 offensive line in James’ place while Justin Murphy, who was still wearing a yellow, noncontact jersey, lined up at right tackle. Murphy has missed the past two games with an apparently leg injury. … Tight end Jordan Wilson and cornerback Nate Meadors were limited to individual conditioning on the sideline.

domain: sports


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Enjoy high quality audio wherever you are.
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Along with thousands of other music lovers.
Explore our library of exclusive interviews, song lyrics and music videos.
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"Stimme impressed me on multiple levels. Just what I was looking for. Keep up the good work!"
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domain: artistic


© 2000-2018 AutoIndustriya.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Vision Mercedes Simplex honors the first 'Mercedes' and commemorates new design studio in France.
Mercedes-Benz reveals Vision EQS concept, a future electric S-Class loaded with LEDs
You can now buy a Mercedes-Benz A-Class with four doors and a trunk
Want a coupe but need four doors? Here’s the all-new Mercedes-Benz CLA
Mecedes reveals 2020 GLE Coupe, AMG GLE 53 Coupe with a more stylish rear end
Mercedes-Benz to continue making the Citan alongside Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi
Mercedes-Benz transforms the V-Class into a zero-emissions electric minivan dubbed the EQV
Daimler reportedly faces 800 million to 1 billion euro fine over emissions software cheat
Soon-to-be-discontinued pickup truck from Mercedes gets a 4x4 makeover
Hot on the heels of the launch of the all-new B-Class, Mercedes-Benz follows it up with the launch of the 2020 GLE
President orders strict implementation of road safety check, transport modernization
Off-roading with the Ford Ranger just got better with Ford Performance Parts and Fox Shocks
The Land Cruiser actually predates the Crown and Corolla
China's Dongfeng shows off new autonomous, all-electric delivery van
The latest Lexus model doesn't have wheels, and is powered by Volvo
The Taiwan-spec Mitsubishi L300 is a curious and odd mix of old and high-tech
Check out the recently launched MG 5 sub-compact sedan, available starting at Php 658,888
Here's the story behind the introduction of a new Chinese automotive brand to the Philippines
Geely introduces special introductory price of Php 1.198 million for all-new Coolray
The Prius introduced the Philippines to hybrid drive, but can the Altis make it mainstream?


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Ben Wittes and Susan Hennessey Endorse Judicial Lawbreaking
The surveillance boosters are having a tough time with this year’s Section 702 reauthorization. For the first time, enough details about the program are public such that we can have a debate about the authority. In response to substantive discussions of policy, boosters are engaging in ad hominem attacks and, at times, betraying their own ignorance.
Take this piece from Ben Wittes and Susan Hennessey. For the moment, ignore the insults they use against Congress and reformers. The most remarkable passage comes where they attack the HJC reauthorization bill’s requirement that, for the yearly 702 reauthorization, the FISA Court appoint an amicus or explain why they didn’t think it was necessary.
Or consider the strange provision that requires that the FISA court must appoint an amicus curiae, or special advocate and expert, in the certification process for Section 702’s surveillance programs to make the proceedings more adversarial with respect to the government’s position. Previously, the court appointed amici — which were established in the 2015 USA Freedom Act — at its discretion. The court has never indicated any need for a change in practice; indeed, if it wanted to appoint amici in every case it would and could. Currently, FISC judges rely on highly specialized staff attorneys and call on amici when they deem outside counsel useful to their decision-making. This provision usurps judicial discretion and further burdens a heavily strained court that would now need to justify each and every decision to not use the help it didn’t ask for.
Let’s start with the clear errors in this passage.
Contrary to what these so-called experts (a former NSA lawyer!!) say, the USA Freedom Act did not “establish” the practice of appointing amici at the court’s discretion. The FISC always had that authority, and in fact appointed amici on a number of occasions before passage of USAF, as early as the 2002 In Re Sealed Case and again in the wake of the Snowden leaks.
What the USAF did was mandate that the FISC appoint an amicus curiae for novel or significant interpretations of the law, “unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate.”
Authorization.–A court established under subsection (a) or (b), consistent with the requirement of subsection (c) and any other statutory requirement that the court act expeditiously or within a stated time–
(A) shall appoint an individual who has been designated under paragraph (1) to serve as amicus curiae to assist such court in the consideration of any application for an order or review that, in the opinion of the court, presents a novel or significant interpretation of the law, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate;
It troubles me that a former NSA lawyer doesn’t know what that word, “shall” means. Or perhaps is writing about matters of law without actually reading the law?
It should be obvious that the yearly authorization of the yearly 702 reauthorization program is a “significant interpretation of law.” It authorizes spying on over 100,000 people.
That was especially true this year, because the FISC had to decide what to do in response to learning NSA had been violating rules imposed back in 2011 to ensure the constitutionality of upstream collection (for several of those years, Hennessey was at NSA). Just as importantly, the FISC had to decide whether to permit back door searches of upstream surveillance that it knew included entirely domestic communications. Such searches had never been permitted before because of the privacy impact on Americans. Yet FISA judge Rosemary Collyer didn’t bother consulting with an amicus. Nor did she provide the mandated finding explaining why she didn’t need the help.
And trust me, Collyer needed the help: it’s clear she got some key technical details (the difference between SCT and MCTs) wrong. Who knows how much else she got wrong? But she figured she was smart enough she could blow off the law requiring an amicus in such situations.
In the wake of such stubbornness from the court, the HJC bill mandates an amicus for the yearly authorization. It is an obvious (and inadequate) response to a clear problem that may have profound consequences for Americans’ privacy.
In response to that, Wittes and Hennessey complain that the court — the same court that has just blown off USAF!!! — “never indicated any need” to be obligated to do what USAF requires. They claim that the “provision usurps judicial discretion,” suggesting they don’t believe the coequal Congress itself may or should exercise discretion. And they suggest the once-yearly requirement would “further burden a heavily strained court that would now need to justify each and every decision to not use the help it didn’t ask for,” as if simply including an amicus review for a program that affects millions is just too difficult for judges who are used to adversarial process on all their non-FISA proceedings.
Here’s the craziest thing. These two experts (including an ex-NSA lawyer!!) make clear errors of law. They appear unfamiliar with the last 702 reauthorization. They get the constitutionality of coequal branches wrong.
And having done all that, they complain about “panicky civil libertarians” and “congressional dysfunction,” as if boosters who can’t get basic facts right are in a position to judge the good faith engagement of others.
This is what passes for responsible oversight among surveillance boosters: responding to judicial obstinance by complaining that asking the poor FISA court to do what Congress mandated they do “usurps judicial discretion.”
There is far more in this piece that is erroneous and obnoxious.
But why bother laying that all out? All this piece reveals is that key surveillance boosters are either operating in bad faith or unaware of the law and implementation of the program they bitch at others about.
If this is the best the surveillance boosters can do, then we should impose far more reforms of this bill, because Hennessey has revealed that the lawyers overseeing this program don’t know enough about it to make sure it operates safely.
operating in bad faith. Or worse.
Tracking in real time.
Note that this article Is very telling.
Does not matter if you are on ATT or not.
All the cellcos/telcos likely have to provide this service via NSL. For decades now they have provided web proxies for LE/IC.
The links may have already been changed to hide the evidence. But if you have an ATT cellphone, would be interesting to learn your results.
But what these services show us is even more alarming: US telcos appear to be selling direct, non-anonymized, real-time access to consumer telephone data to third party services — not just federal law enforcement officials — who are then selling access to that data.
Given the trivial “consent” step required by these services and unlikely audit controls, it appears that these services could be used to track or de-anonymize nearly anyone with a cell phone in the United States with potentially no oversight.
Now would that explain how vendors are supplying targeting information to local law enforcement for forfeiture operations in return for their 20 or 30 percent cut? And explain how these vendors are not necessarily getting their information from a federal data base?
It’s all semantics, no?
Legal, IETF, not really any difference.
It’s all obfuscation, misdirection. Humpty Dumpty.
This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. … The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

domain: politics


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Our regular newsletter. Printed copies are sent to GM Freeze members and paid-up supporters.
30 Nov 2002
30 Mar 2002
Order free leaflets to help people in your community understand more about GM
Our campaign on the hidden GM in the food chain
Don't let Brexit open the door to GM in our food or on our farms


Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu has said Turkey categorically denies discussing the future of Syria with Israel, dismissing suggestions that the recent Israeli apology was linked to developments in war-torn Syria.
“This will be Turkey's stance both today and tomorrow. Turkey will never discuss Syria's future with Israel,” said Davutoğlu during a televised interview on Thursday, adding that this was the case for all of Turkey's neighbors.
Noting that Turkey refuses to be part of regional policies determined by Israel, such as the ones in 1990s, Davutoğlu said that the days when Turkey was not included in regional peace processes were now over.
The Turkish foreign minister said Turkey was now the main actor in the Middle East putting forward regional solutions and policies. “From today onwards, Turkey will not bother about losing this country or that country,” he said while noting, in an apparent message to the Israel administration, that if there are countries who believe it advantageous to repair relations with Turkey due to the Syrian crisis, it was their concern.
In late March, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu offered an apology to Turkey for a 2010 raid on the Mavi Marmara aid flotilla that resulted in the deaths of eight Turks and a Turkish American. Shortly after the apology, Netanyahu made it clear that a failed Syrian state with chemical weapons at large was the main motive behind the apology.
Davutoğlu stated that the Israeli apology was the product of three-year discussions between Israeli officials who chose to offer an apology when they understood that it was not in their best interests to continue the rift.
Rift between families of Mavi Marmara victims and government untrue
Touching on the Mavi Marmara attack, Davutoğlu said the passengers of the flotilla only aimed to take humanitarian aid to Gaza and were not perusing any personal interest, but did it for the honor of humanity. The Turkish foreign minister also said that, except for some groups, many people across the world regarded the Mavi Marmara volunteers as people who risked their lives for the honor of humanity.
Following the Israeli apology, the families of the nine victims have insisted that the blockade on the Gaza Strip be lifted, underlining that without the ending of the blockade and embargo, Israel's apology and compensation for the victim's families and those injured would have no meaning. The families also said that they have no intention of retracting their lawsuits.
In relation to suggestions that the government tried to prevent families from obtaining compensation, Davutoğlu said those claims were not true. He added that they will continue to talk to families about the process and fight for their rights.
No need for a mediator in talks with Iraqi government
Davutoğlu also said that Turkey did not need a mediator to have talks with the Iraqi government, apparently referring to US Secretary of State John Kerry's recent visits to Iraq and Turkey. Relations with Iraq have been strained as the government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has criticized Turkey for interfering in Iraqi affairs. Maliki is particularly concerned over Turkey developing ties with the Iraqi Kurds in the north of the country. During his visit to Baghdad on March 24, Kerry also spoke to Iraqi Kurdish leader Massoud Barzani on the phone, telling him to abandon unilateral actions that do not receive the blessing of Baghdad, particularly with regard to an oil pipeline deal with Turkey.
Days later, Maliki softened his rhetoric, saying that he would welcome rapprochement with Turkey.
Davutoğlu said Turkey never cut off its ties with Iraq but warned that the Iraqi premier should be careful about his comments regarding Turkey.
Touching on Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's scheduled visit to Palestine in late May, the Turkish foreign minister said this date was chosen with the hope that the rival political groups of Palestine, Hamas and Fatah, may have reached a reconciliation by then.
Davutoğlu added that the important thing in the Palestine-Israel conflict is to solve the problem, not the issue of who is going to mediate between the groups.


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API Mashups (2)
In Open City Agora you can create views that mix several layers of information from different sources including Open Data and Google Places. You can create your own views with the available layers...
A simple social quiz, a la freerice.com, that asks you questions and educates you about your energy. Correct answers generate watts that are donated to worthy charities via DonorsChoose.org!
New York City is hosting its third annual BigApps conference this year: BigApps 3.0. Build an application from any combination of 750 New York City data sets that describe everything from political campaign contributions to bicycle rack locations. There are more than a dozen different prize categories and $50,000 of cash prizes to be distributed. For the first time in a BigApps contest, New York City has its own API and the contest also encourages using APIs of NYC companies, including the Foursquare API and Etsy API.
U.S. Department of Labor Sweat & Toil
||The U.S. Department of Labor Sweat...||Government||11.10.2015|
MapFruition Demographic Inquiry
||The MapFruition Demographic Inquiry API is available in JSON format with an API Key. The API allows users to integrate demographic features such as population summaries, income, consumer expenditures...||Mapping||09.24.2015|
MapFruition Spatial Operations
||The MapFruition Spatial Operations API is available in JSON format and accessible with an API Key. The API allows developers to integrate GIS features into web services and web applications. With the...||Mapping||09.24.2015|
Zip Code to USEAC
||The Zip Code to USEAC API provides developers direct access to the U.S. Export Assistance Centers (USEACs) that have been assigned to all of the 40,000+ zip codes in the United States. This API has...||Government||08.06.2015|
Local Government Association
||The Local Government Association API is a tool that allows users to view and download open data about local areas (such as demographic details and performance data). The LGA API can help developers...||Government||07.17.2015|

domain: geography


text:
Main / Cards & Casino / Autocad 2009 books pdf
Autocad 2009 books pdf
Name: Autocad 2009 books pdf
File size: 247mb
Launching AutoCAD. 1. Choose. Start from the Windows program manager. 2 . Choose. Programs, Autodesk,AutoCAD 3. Click the AutoCAD for. Programs, Autodesk,AutoCAD Workspaces. AutoCAD workspaces are sets of menus, toolbars and dockable windows. (such as the Properties palette. 1 Jan differently in CAD than you do with manual drafting. .. All the commands for the tutorials in this book are accessible from these menus.
author for a book before going off and authoring the book AutoCAD 3D. Modeling .. AutoCAD & AutoCAD LT All-in-One Desk Reference xii What both systems — manual drafting and CAD — have in common is scale. The online version of Introduction to Autocad by Alf Yarwood on air2aircrew.com, the world's leading platform for high quality peer-reviewed full-text books. AutoCAD , Pages 1, PDF ( K). Entitled to full text. All AutoCAD commands can be typed in at the command line. TIP: Many AutoCAD commands require you to press ENTER to complete the command.
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'A sandwich to make weak men cry': Arnold Schwarzenegger rustles up a 80,500-calorie stack with steak, bacon, cheese and ostrich eggs
Arnold Schwarzenegger has unveiled his ultimate protein fix - an 80,583-calorie 'Steak and Egger' sandwich stacked with cheese, steak, bacon and ostrich eggs.
The former California governor, 66, teamed up with the YouTube cooking channel Epic Meal Time to show fans how to make the gut-busting delicacy - which equates to about 40 days' worth of food for the average person based on a 2,000 calorie per day diet.
In his chef tutorial - which has been watched more than two million times - Mr Schwarzenegger is seen cooking outdoors dressed in camouflage gear - even using a military tank to fry eggs on at one point.
Scroll down for video
Quite a mouthful: Arnold Schwarzenegger has unveiled his ultimate protein fix - an 80,000-calorie 'Steak and Egger' sandwich stacked with cheese, steak, bacon and ostrich eggs
Meant feast: The former California governor takes a bite out of his gut-busting creation
'This sandwich will be so meaty, it will make a weak man cry,' he exclaims.
First he takes a giant loaf of bread - containing 9,840 calories and 160g of fat - slices it in half and coats it with a generous spread of sliced cheese.
Next comes strips of bacon and an enormous lump of steak that appears to be the size of a small cow.
To finish it off a large tin of ostrich eggs, fried on top of Mr Schwarzenegger's tank, are piled on top.
Building blocks: Mr Schwarzenegger takes a giant loaf of bread to begin with
Recipe for a heart attack: He then slices it in half and piles on layers of cheese
Sizzling: Next up comes dozens of packets of bacon
Nearly there: A giant steak - which appears to be the size of a small cow - completes the sandwich filling
Ready to be served: Ostrich eggs, fried on top of Mr Schwarzenegger's tank, are the finishing touch
'This sandwich will be so meaty, it will make a weak man cry,' Mr Schwarzenegger tells viewers
The Austrian American actor instructs viewers that 'it's very important to do some 'tricep push-ups' on top of the sandwich before serving it up in in a bid to make it flat enough to eat.
He is then seen tucking into the colossal snack, exclaiming: 'That's good protein. I feel [stronger].'
The Canadian-based YouTube channel Epic Meal Time, launched in 2010, is known for featuring insanely high-calorie meals.
Previous creations includes a 42,360-calorie pizza cheeseburger.
Commenting on Mr Schwarzenegger's recent creation, one viewer wrote: 'Jesus, you got Arnie? I think you guys just destroyed the Epic and went Ultra!!'
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Lately I’ve been reading quite a bit of William Trevor – the esteemed Irish writer, widely considered to be a master of the short story form. (I’ve previously written about some of his novels here.) First published in 1996, After Rain comprises twelve beautifully-crafted stories, not a dud amongst them. Like much of Trevor’s work, they centre on ordinary people – perhaps more specifically, the day-to-day developments that shape their lives in the most poignant of ways.
As with other collections I’ve reviewed, I’m not planning to cover every piece; instead, my aim is to give you a flavour of the highlights and what to expect from the book as a whole.
The collection opens with The Piano Tuner’s Wives, a memorable story in which we gain an insight into an elderly man’s second marriage, a relationship tainted by resentment and jealousy. The man in question is Owen, a blind piano tuner, whose first wife, Violet, used to act as his eyes, describing the immediate world in all its glory. Two years after Violet’s death, Owen marries Belle – a woman he first knew many years ago before his previous marriage. In her determination to replace Violet in Owen’s mind, Belle describes people and places in ways that deliberately undermine the visions previously created by her predecessor, such is the sense of insecurity she feels in the marriage.
But even with the dog and the television, with additions and disposals in the house, with being so sincerely assured that she was loved, with been told she was good, nothing changed for Belle. The woman who for so long had taken her husband’s arm, who had a guided him into rooms of houses where he coaxed pianos back to life, still claimed existence. Not as a tiresome ghost, some unforgiving spectre uncertainly there, but as if some part of her had been left in the man she’d loved. (p. 12)
The real tragedy of this story is the fact that Owen knows precisely what Belle is up to; and yet he accepts her actions, however much it might pain him to do so.
Deception also plays a role in A Friendship, a story in which a bored, previously faithful wife, Francesca, embarks on an affair with an attractive man, aided by her footloose friend, Margy. When Francesca’s priggish husband, Philip, discovers the affair through a chance remark made at a party, he feels betrayed on two fronts – not only by his wife but by Margy too, particularly as the lovers have been meeting in Margy’s flat. As a consequence, Philip asks Francesca to end her lifelong friendship with Margy, something he knows will be a wrench for her. While forgiveness might be possible within the marriage, the same sentiment cannot be extended to the friendship – something that Margy is acutely aware of when she reflects on the change in their situation.
Every time she [Margy] played with his children he would remember the role she had played that summer: she could hear him saying it, and Francesca’s silence. Every present she brought to the house would seem to him to be a traitor’s bribe. The summer would always be there, embalmed in the friendship that had made the deception possible – the key to the flat, the seaside house, the secret kept and then discovered. What the marriage sought to forget the friendship never would because the summer had become another part of it. (p. 33)
Trevor also writes brilliantly about the sense of duty and stigma that guides the lives of so many of his protagonists. In Widows, Catherine faces a dilemma when she is approached by a feckless trader following the death of her husband, Matthew – an upstanding member of the community. Mr Leary – a painter and decorator – had been employed to paint the outside of the couple’s house just a few months before Matthew’s death. Now that Matthew is no longer alive to represent himself, Mr Leary calls at the home – not just to pay his respects, but to state that the bill for the paint job was never paid. Catherine believes this to be a lie, particularly as she withdrew the money for the payment herself. However, no receipt or proof of payment can be found, prompting Leary to resubmit the bill. Catherine’s sister, Alicia (also widowed), knows that Catherine is being taken for a fool, and yet there is little she can do to change her sister’s mind.
A disappointment rose in Alicia, bewildering and muddled. The death of her own husband had brought an end, and her expectation had been that widowhood for her sister would be the same. Her expectation had been that in their shared state they would be as once they were, now that marriage was over, packed away with their similar mourning clothes. Yet almost palpable in the kitchen was Catherine’s resolve that what still remained for her should not be damaged by a fuss of protest over a confidence trick. The Guards investigating clothes sold at a jumble sale, strangers asked if a house-painter’s wife had bought this garment or that, private intimacies made public: Catherine was paying money in case, somehow, the memory of her husband should be accidentally tarnished. (pp. 112–113)
Alicia knows the concerns over Matthew’s reputation will grind Catherine down, almost certainly giving rise to new worries and eccentricities. Much to her annoyance, she knows the situation must play out to its natural conclusion. Like many other pieces in this collection, this is a very affecting story, beautifully observed.
The desire to avoid any scandal or shame is also present in The Potato Dealer, one of my favourite stories in the collection. In terms of setting, atmosphere, style and tone, it feels very similar to Trevor’s 2009 novel, Love and Summer, a book I adored. In The Potato Dealer, a young girl, Ellie, falls pregnant following a summer romance, forcing her relatives to arrange a marriage of convenience, thereby avoiding the shame of an illegitimate child. The proposed husband is Mulreavy, a local potato dealer known to the family.
The narrative explores various aspects of the situation: the complex nature of the dynamics within Ellie’s family, Ellie’s relationship with Mulreavy whom she does not love, and Mulreavy’s feelings towards Ellie and her daughter. This is a subtle, nuanced story, one that delves into various aspects of human nature from duty and honour to pride and self-esteem. Once again, it’s perfectly judged.
The longest story in the collection is also the most shocking. Set in a close-knit community in Northern Ireland, Lost Ground tells of a young Protestant boy, Milton, who receives visitations from a woman claiming to be a Catholic saint. When Milton decides to preach about his experiences in the towns of Armagh, his Protestant family are horrified, intervening quite radically as the situation escalates. This is a powerful, heartbreaking story, shot through with the undeniable threat of tension that exists between opinionated groups of different faiths.
In summary, After Rain is a superb collection of stories, up there with Eleven Kinds of Loneliness (by Richard Yates) as one of my all-time favourites. There are definite similarities too with Maeve Brennan’s The Springs of Affection – particularly in terms of setting, tone and insight into character.
Once again, Trevor proves himself to be an incredibly astute chronicler of human nature. These are stories of bittersweet regrets and missed opportunities, of the acceptance of life’s disappointments and duties, of crumbled hopes and dashed dreams. Like much of the best short fiction, these pieces leave enough space for the reader to bring their own reflections to bear on the narratives, opening up the possibilities beyond the words on the page. In many instances, what is omitted or left unsaid is just as important as what is explicitly expressed.
All in all, this is very highly recommended indeed, especially to lovers of character-driven fiction.
After Rain is published by Penguin Books; personal copy.
The stories sound very good. The situations and characters as you describe them make me want to read this. I need to read more short stories.
If you want to read more short stories, then you really need to try William Trevor. He’s right up there with the very best.
He’s a favourite of mine
Lovely quotes, Jacqui. Your mention of duty and stigma reminded me of my favourite Trevor, The Story of Lucy Gault, one of the saddest books I’ve ever read.
I recall you recommending Lucy Gault to me before. It does sound very good, although possibly best kept for another time when the outside world feels a bit more approachable and settled. :)
Short stories are such a skill and to be able to write a consistently good collection is rare. I really must read Trevor’s short stories, I’ve only read a couple of his novels.
Yes, I agree. I suspect they might be harder to write than novels as there’s really nowhere for the writer to hide over the short form. As you say, it’s rare to find a collection of this quality where every individual story feels like a gem. Usually I find myself connecting with some pieces more than others, but in this instance they all resonate very strongly. No wonder Trevor is considered to be such a master of the form.
This collection is so fantastic and I too loved The Potato Dealer and Widows in particular. He is such a master of the short story.
A couple of weeks ago, when I posted a picture of this book on Twitter, somebody replied to say that it’s probably Trevor’s best collection. Now I’m keen to read some of the others to see how they match up! Which of his other collections have you read, Cathy? I’d be interested to know.
I’ve read A Bit on the Side which is also great but I really thought this was masterful.
I’ll take a look at that – thanks. I also quite fancy Cheating at Canasta, purely because the title sounds so appealing!
Lovely post, Jacqui. I’ve only ever read one of his short stories, and it was very striking. He’s obviously another I need to explore…!
I think he’s in a similar space to someone like Elizabeth Taylor. The kind of writer who watches and observes people in their most private of moments. He seems to put more emphasis on showing than telling, if that makes sense – thereby leaving enough space for the reader’s interpretation.
These stories sound absolutely lovely, Trevor is so good at presenting characters and their situations faithfully and realistically. That you reference Love and Summer convinces me even more as I thought that was a wonderful novel.
I think you’d love this collection. As writer, he seems to find the universal in the small and personal, conveying a character’s emotions in the subtlest of ways. The Potato Dealer feels as if it could have been a rehearsal for certain elements of Love and Summer. I’d love to hear your thoughts on it if you ever decide to pick up a copy.
I do love how you have such a wonderful ability to sniff out the gems.
Having enjoyed quite a few of the novels, I wanted to try some of Trevor’s stories. This might not be as well known as some of his other collections, but something about the title really appealed to me. That sense of freshness you get in the atmosphere after a shower when the air feels pure and clean…
I haven’t read many books by William Trevor; the last was The Love Department. I get a little put off by his misanthropy, often described as ‘gleeful’ but still quite dark. I have just re-read your review of The Old Boys which I haven’t got around to yet and that sounds extremely amusing. I think though his 1993 autobiographical essays Excursions in the Real World will be my kind of thing. Apparently he had a very ‘chilly’ home life as a young boy.
I know what you mean about the darkness. Those early novels are wickedly funny at times, but there’s a savagery to some of the humour, a cruel streak that can make it feel somewhat vicious. Funnily enough, The Love Department was probably my least favourite of the three early novels I’ve read to date. The Old Boys is great, but there’s still a dark undercurrent running through it. Also, if you dislike reading about any instances of cruelty to animals, then it might be one to avoid – unfortunately someone’s pet comes to rather an unfortunate end!
Oh dear. I am quite squeamish about that, although it is easier to locate than the autobiographical essays.
It is quite a savage element of the novel, I have to admit. on the other hand, those autobiographical essays sound interesting. I shall have to look them up!
Thank you Jacqui, I haven’t come across William Trevor and I’m really enjoying Irish writing at the moment so I’ll certainly put this on the TBR!
You’re very welcome. He’s wonderful, so skilled at capturing us in our most private of moments. I do hope you take to him.
I’ve only read a novella and occasional stories by William Trevor, in TNY and anthologies, but he’s someone I’ve thought of making a concerted project of (even if only his stories, as with my Munro and Gallant expeditions). His writing reminds me of both of these writers, and also Edna O’Brien, for focusing on solitary figures, mis-steps in marriages and romances, with a hint of (sometimes more than a hint) melancholy while softly chuckling at the strange synchronicities and ironies of human behaviour. His volume of Collected Stories is just massive, so I think it would be nicest to read collection by collection as you’ve done. I giggled at your saying (above) that you’d like to read Cheating at Canasta because you like the title!
I think he would be a great subject for one of your short story projects! And from what I’ve seen of your Gallant reviews, there does seem to be a certain similarity between these two writers. Missteps in marriages and romances is an excellent way of putting it. That’s also very much in evidence in Maeve Brennan’s story collection, The Springs of Affection, which immediately came to mind as I was reading your posts on Gallant’s Carette stories.
I agree, the Collected edition of Trevor’s stories looks humongous, too unwieldy to read comfortably and overwhelming in terms of length. The individual collections are the way to go, I think. Much more manageable in every sense.
That’s what I’ve been considering. He would be such an excellent fit, theme-wise at least (but also, likely, in other ways). But I have three other possibilities in mind, too, and I have all the necessary books for them, so I have a feeling that I will have to wait on Trevor’s stories (hopefully not too long, though–I might have to quicken the pace on my projects).
Sounds as if you’ve got some interesting plans lined up. :)
I share your enthusiasm, Jacqui, for After Rain and included it in my favorite books of 2018. I’ve been reading a lot of shorter fiction lately and recently finished The Persephone Book of Short Stories. You’ve inspired me to read Cheating at Canasta next.
Wonderful! I’d love to here how you get on with Cheating at Canasta. Just the title alone makes me want to read it. Oh, and thanks for the tip about the Persephone collection – that does sound very good indeed. :)
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Due to the storm affects of Hurricane Irma, school will be closed and Youth Orchestra rehearsals have been cancelled for the extended weekend of September 9/10. School will reopen on Wednesday, September 13. FCYO Musicians should log into Charms for the most up to date information.
We have a lot to celebrate with the addition of the First Coast Youth Orchestras program to the FCCMS curriculum. It’s going to be a great year and we’re incredibly excited here at the Community Music School. We want all our musicians to share in that celebration, so in recognition of the FCYO’s Inaugural Season, we’ve slashed FCYO tuition rates for 2017-2018 by $100.00! This savings will be reflected on every musician’s account at Orientation.
Come share the excitement! Apply for FCYO today.
The Music School offices will be closed the week of July 17-21, 2017 due to summer camp hours off-campus. We’ll be returning to normal summer hours July 24. Have a great week!
DiGeorgio will lead newly formed FCYO Intermezzo and Debut Strings
Jacksonville, FL (July 14, 2017) – The First Coast Youth Orchestras announced today that it has completed filling out its conducting staff with the addition of Maestro Rocco DiGeorgio to its roster of experience music educators. After resigning from a similar position with the Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestras, DiGeorgio will take up the baton of the First Coast Youth Orchestras Intermezzo Strings and Debut Strings ensembles – groups catering to young string players from 2nd year beginners through intermediate levels.
DiGeorgio comes to the FCYO with 35 years of experience working with young musicians, both privately and in ensemble. He has served as a guest clinician for many nationally recognized Suzuki violin workshops throughout the United States. Mr. DiGeorgio is founder and director of the Jacksonville Suzuki Strings, an ensemble of 60 young musicians from the Greater Northeast Florida area. He also serves as Music Director for San Juan del Rio Church in St. John’s County and conducts several student orchestras at area private schools. Maestro DiGeorgio received his Bachelor of Music Education from Jacksonville University. Most recently, he served a 14-year tenure as conductor of the JSYO Encore and Foundation Strings 2 ensembles.
“I’m incredibly excited to be able to join the First Coast Youth Orchestras. The excitement that is being generated around this project is off the charts and I’m very much looking forward to bringing up the next generation of talent with this organization,” said DiGeorgio.
Scott Gregg, Artistic Director of the First Coast Youth Orchestras and Community Music School, was enthusiastic about DiGeorgio’s addition to the FCYO’s artistic staff. “The FCYO is a young organization and already we’ve been able to bring onto the staff professionals I’ve respected for years,” said Gregg. DiGeorgio and Judith Steinmeyer, previously announced as Aria Strings conductor, worked alongside Gregg at the Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestras for over a decade. “I’ve known the passion Judy and Rocky bring to their work and have admired that their priority has always been the kids. I’m just so pleased that we’ve kept a very successful team together with the FCYO. This is going to be incredibly cool!”
The First Coast Youth Orchestras consists of 5 ensembles ranging from ages 7 to 21, from “almost” beginner all the way up to college/pre-conservatory levels. The playing season runs from September through May. Students are admitted through a competitive audition process and the organization is accepting applications right now for the new season. Applications are due by August 5th and comprehensive information about the program can be obtained at their website at www.firstcoastyo.com or by calling 904.515.5092. The FCYO has a generous scholarship program to help defray the tuition costs.
Because of the fast-changing news landscape with this new Youth Orchestra project, the FCYO is extending its early-bird applicant offer. Any application received before 11:59pm on Wednesday, July 19th will receive a $50 tuition credit on their accounts this fall.
About First Coast Youth Orchestras and Community Music School
The First Coast Youth Orchestras and Community Music School is a non-profit, non-degree granting organization dedicated to bringing high quality professional music instruction to students of all ages, abilities & experience, from a broad spectrum of the community, in order to enrich the cultural life of greater Northeast Florida.
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FIRST COAST YOUTH ORCHESTRAS founded in Northeast Florida
Region’s talented musicians to join area’s newest Music Education initiative
Jacksonville, FL (July 7, 2017) —- A major new arts education program has been created in North Florida. The First Coast Youth Orchestras has been founded under the auspices of the First Coast Community Music School as a large ensemble program catering to young musicians from the First Coast ages 7 through 21. The announcement was made by Tami Chacon, Administrative Director and Camille Clement Gregg, Director of Marketing and Development.
The First Coast Youth Orchestras will enroll up to 300 students, playing in five levels of ensembles covering a diverse range of abilities, starting with the youngest string players in Debut Strings and progressing through Intermezzo Strings and Aria Strings. More experienced players will join the two full orchestra programs. The Youth Philharmonic will be for advancing Middle and High School instrumentalists and the Youth Symphony for advanced High School, College, and Pre-Conservatory students. A chamber music program will be offered for musicians in its top two orchestras.
FCYO’s season will run from September through May with regular rehearsals on the weekends. The season will consist of four concerts, with the Inaugural Concert being presented on Saturday, November 18th, 2017 at the University of North Florida’s Lazzara Concert Hall.
FCYO will present a unique experience to its students in that the Youth Orchestra will be a division of the First Coast Community Music School, a non-profit educational institution founded in 2004 by Gregg and local philanthropist James Winston. FCCMS has more than 200 students studying with experienced area professional musicians in private lessons and chamber music.
Heading the program is Maestro Scott Gregg, Executive Director of the First Coast Community Music School and 22-year veteran as Music Director of the Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestras. Gregg will conduct both the Youth Symphony and the Youth Philharmonic and serve as Artistic Director of the FCYO. “The enthusiasm this project has generated in student musicians all over the First Coast, along with the 60+ years of combined experience our conducting staff has had nurturing a culture of excellence in young musicians, and the potential for innovative programming between the School and the Youth Orchestras is going to be a powerful combination. The most successful youth orchestra programs across the country are independent of any parent symphony and I’m looking forward to testing how far we can grow,” said Gregg.
Serving alongside Gregg will be Maestra Judith Steinmeyer, another veteran of area youth ensemble programs as well as an accomplished teacher. Steinmeyer will take charge of the Aria Strings. “I was honored when asked to join the FCYO team. I could not pass up the opportunity to work with advancing string players in this newly formed organization,” said Steinmeyer. The conductors for Intermezzo and Debut Strings have just been engaged and will be announced in the next week.
The First Coast Youth Orchestras will have an active Board of Directors as well as Parent Booster Association. Founding Board member, Mrs. Ronald Masucci (Susan), says “it’s a testament to Maestro Gregg and his artistic and administrative staff that they are committed to continuing their lifelong dedication developing the best young musicians in Northeast Florida.” Community Music School patrons, Pete and Marilyn Carpenter, said, “we’re thrilled to see the Music School join forces with this new exciting Youth Orchestra. The combination will make an immense impact on the area’s talented youth.”
The FCYO is NOW ACCEPTING applications for membership with auditions in mid-August with the season kicking off in September. Visit www.firstcoastyo.com to apply or for more information, and LIKE us on Facebook at facebook.com/firstcoastyo.
First Coast Community Music School has two wonderful camps available this summer:
- Intermediate Strings Camp held July 17-21, 2017 featuring instructors Brian and Carol Griffin
- Beginner Piano Camp held July 31-August 11, 2017 featuring instructor Chelsea Chacon
To get more information or register for these camps, please see our Summer Camp section.


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Choose The Right Retirement Plan! Here Are Your Best Options
After entering the job market, the only thing you hear is the importance of saving for retirement. But, even with such a long time to prepare, when the time for retirement comes around, you’re still short on funds.
According to an Insured Retirement Institute survey, more than 50% of workers in the US aged between 40 and 73 have under $50,000 in retirement savings. On top of that, about 6 in 10 Americans are unable to save even 10% of their income.
You can save for your retirement in a couple of ways, depending upon your situation. The most popular options include an individual retirement account or employer-sponsored plan.
Let’s take a deeper dive.
1. Roth IRA
Since your Roth IRA contributions are made on an after-tax basis, you won’t have taxes deducted when you withdraw your savings. The drawback comes in terms of income limits. If you are married, filing jointly, and make under $198,000 a year, you can contribute a maximum of $6000 to your Roth IRA. The same limit is set for singles making under $125,000.
When you grow older and make more money, you might fail to qualify for the Roth IRA so experts advise setting up an account when you’re young. However, if you see yourself making less in the future for some reason, you might want to hold off on that. With this account, you have the option to withdraw your contributions penalty and tax-free whenever you want.
This is an employer-sponsored plan that lowers your annual taxable income. Contributions are automatically deducted from your paycheck without tax. Your employer contributes the same amount as you to garner substantial wealth for retirement. Tax deduction depends on the tax bracket at the time of withdrawal. According to finance expert Chris Hogan, you can take advantage of the 401(k) by saving up to $19,500 this year.
3. Traditional IRA
If you don’t have a 401(k) or Roth IRA, the traditional IRA is a budding choice. Contributions are made on an after-tax basis so you won’t have to incur deductions upon withdrawal. You can use this account to even roll over whatever 401(k) balance you gained from past employers.
Life is very short and before you know it, you’ll hit retirement age. After spending a life of hard work, the last thing you want is for your golden years to be uncomfortable. Now’s the time to do all you can to accumulate enough wealth to spend a trouble-free retirement life!
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domain: finance


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As a member of a close-knit community, depending on how it has helped you and what it’s done for you, you might feel indebted or obligated to give back to it in some way. Giving back to a community doesn’t have to entail some grand gesture or exorbitant showing your support. Even if you don’t have much time, money, or resources to spare, you can still give back to the community in whatever way you can.
Here are some easily achievable yet meaningful ways you can contribute to the continued health and welfare of your community:
Donate used items
If you’ve been living in the same house for more than a few years now, chances are you have old or used stuff that you don’t particularly need anymore. Donating them to people who need them more or to organizations that can distribute and recycle them for you is one way to make sure that they go to someone who’ll actually use them. Just don’t donate stuff that’s no longer usable or wearable. Give away stuff that can still be used and is still functional.
You get to help those in need, plus you get to clean and declutter your house to make way for newer stuff. Donating used items is one of the easiest methods you can help your community, especially if you give to local organizations and charities.
Donate to a food bank
If you bought more groceries than you don’t know what to do with, or just want to feel like you’re contributing to a good cause, donating food items and other groceries to a food bank could help feed hundreds of underprivileged families in your area. In a time when people are struggling to put food on the table and just getting by, the importance of food banks and community pantries can’t be understated.
You can also give monetary donations so the organizers can buy the groceries themselves, or if your community doesn’t have its own food bank or pantry, start your own!
This is one of the most basic ways that you can give back to your community — just keep it clean. That means don’t litter, throw your trash in the proper receptacles, and as much as possible, recycle your cans and plastics. It costs very little effort to care about the environment and even lesser money. Keeping the streets, parks, and commercial areas clean and litter-free shows that you care about how your community looks and don’t want any unsightly garbage dumps, clogged waterways, and messy streets marring any of it. It’s healthy in the long-term and you’d be setting an example for the entire community to follow.
Inversely, if you notice a lot of trash in the area, you can organize a full sweeping community clean-up. This could include anything from just picking up litter and recyclable materials, trimming and cutting overgrown plants and trees, or even pest control and management, as well as weed removal. Granted, this one does require a bit more effort, but if you can get more people on board, the better. And when you’re done and looking out at all the clean streets and parks, there’s no denying that feeling of accomplishment.
Observe the proper safety protocols
Remember that we’re still in a pandemic. Even if vaccines have started to roll out and people are slowly starting to recover, it doesn’t mean that this virus has been fully eradicated. One very basic and easy way to give back to your community is by observing the basic safety protocols whenever you go outside. Wear a mask even if you’ve already been vaccinated. Practice social distancing in the grocery store, the bank, restaurants, or any public area with a lot of people. Get yourself tested and make the necessary preparations if you need to quarantine.
Be aware of your community’s quarantine status and guidelines. The smallest actions can make the biggest difference in the future and you can save so many lives just by wearing a mask.
Volunteering your time and services to a local charity or organization is always a good idea and it doesn’t cost a lot of money either. If you’ve got the time, check your local town hall or community websites for any local groups that could use some help. Maybe your local church is organizing a fundraiser for a good cause. Or maybe the local senior living facility is understaffed. Or you could help out in your local shelter if you’re more of an animal person.
Dedicating any free time that you have to local organizations and benefits shows how much you care and nurtures a spirit of giving and camaraderie among your community members. Any time spent volunteering is never spent wasted.
There are many ways you can give back to your community and most of them don’t even require that much money or effort from you. Always remember why you want to give back to your community and what you love about it. Most of all, it pays to be kind and patient to people because you never know what they might be going through.
At the very least, check up on all members of your community, especially the most vulnerable. Because your community isn’t complete without the people who make it and building a better, more environmentally conscious, and prosperous community all starts with you.

domain: sociology


text:
Millie and Phil were married at Blackwell Grange, an exclusive-use barn wedding venue just outside Shipston-on-Stour in an idyllic tranquil Cotswolds location.
It was an early morning for us as we arranged to meet up with the groom and his ushers at the couples home in Evesham. When I arrived the boys were starting to get ready and once I’d captured footage of Phil and the boys enjoying a bit of breakfast and beginning to get ready it was time to head off to the wedding venue.
Millie was getting ready in the Potting Shed, a beautiful room specifically designed for bridal preparations on the morning of a wedding. As I arrived preparations were going the hair and make-up artists were ahead of schedule.
The Ceremony venue at Blackwell Grange is a stunning thatched barn dating back to 1543, however it has been converted beautifully into the perfect ceremony room, complete with large open fireplace which is a brilliant feature of this building. The flowers chosen complemented the room perfectly!
The guests began to arrive as did the groom and the excitement and nerves started to build. The staff at Blackwell Grange had everything perfectly under control as always and everything ran like clockwork.
Once the ceremony was over the bride and groom and their guests made there way to the terrace where they were served drinks and canapes in the early autumn sun. The photographers began setting up group shots whilst I captured fun shots of the guests enjoying themselves and once the formal shots had been taken we took Millie and Phil off to get a few shots of them on their own.
The grounds at Blackwell offer some very private areas where the couple can get away and have a bit of time to themselves (and the photographer and I of course!), I try to capture natural moments of the couple more than formal shots. I think that a smile or a glance can really show on film, more so than in a photograph.
We were then called in for the wedding breakfast and speeches which are a great opportunity to film loved ones telling stories about the couple. These always work really well on a wedding film as it is the only way these can be captured and it’s great to look back on in years to come!
The evening reception was kicked off with some acoustic guitar and singing in the bar area of the Orchard Barn before the DJ took over and got everyone dancing. As the party got into full swing I said my goodbyes and left them to what looked to be a great party!
I had an amazing day with wonderful people. Thank you for letting me capture your day Millie and Phil. It was a real pleasure and I hope that your wedding film brings all of the memories of your day flooding back every time you watch it!.


text:
Official White House Photo by Chuck Kennedy
Former President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle are undeniably part of the Hollywood machine now that they don’t reside in the White House any longer.
The Obamas always loved hosting celebrities and athletes to the White House during his two-term tenure that included LeBron James, Steph Curry, Dave Chappelle, Tom Hanks, Robert De Niro, etc. The list goes on and on like a CVS receipt.
And that’s why it wasn’t all that shocking to learn that Barack Obama’s CIA secretly met with the creators of a very popular television show for this insane reason.
Former President Barack Obama loves the spotlight. In fact, Obama may be the only person in the world that Hollywood idolizes more than themselves, which is a feat seemingly virtually impossible.
But while Barack and Michelle mingle with Hollywood celebrities – like the time when they took a joyride on a super yacht with Oprah Winfrey, Tom Hanks, Rita Wilson and Bruce Springsteen to French Polynesia only a few months after he left office – they also set up their own production company.
Higher Grounds Productions struck a massive overall deal with the streaming giant Netflix two years ago to produce a range of documentaries, series and movies.
One of the documentaries that Higher Grounds produced is “American Factory,” which just so happens to not only be currently nominated for Best Documentary at the upcoming Academy Awards, but it’s also the favorite.
If you thought the Oscars couldn’t get any more obnoxious then wait until you see the Obamas sitting there right next to their Hollywood peers.
The Obamas have likely been planning this Hollywood takeover for years and now we have the evidence because according to the creators of Showtime’s “Homeland,” they and the stars were granted unprecedented access to the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.
In a roundtable discussion for The Hollywood Reporter, “Homeland” showrunner Alex Gansa, producer Howard Gordon and agent Rick Rosen, and other executives of Showtime revealed details about meeting with CIA operatives and even had a secret phone call with the infamous Edward Snowden.
Gary Levine, then-Executive Vice President of Original Programming for Showtime, said, “A meeting was arranged between the cast, the network and the CIA at Langley. They confiscated our cellphones, and our whole team is just sitting there across from maybe 50 CIA agents.”
David Nevins, then-President of Entertainment at Showtime, added, “John Brennan, who was running the CIA at the time, came out in the middle and says, “I don’t know what your show is, but I know it matters to my people.”
And we’re supposed to believe that there isn’t a deep state against President Trump? Are are we supposed to believe that then-President Obama didn’t sanction this? He probably encouraged it.
What qualifies these artists to have this kind of access to the Central Intelligence Agency? Can anybody go up to the front door and demand the same access? The answer to that question is, of course, a resounding no. Why shouldn’t every American be granted the same privilege as these Hollywood elitists?
And why aren’t we hearing about this until now?
Actually, we all know the answer to that. The simple reason is because Obama and Brennan are no longer in their positions and they don’t have to give an explanation.
Consider what would happen if President Trump did the exact same thing by giving them exclusive access to 50 CIA operatives. What kind of liberal outrage do you think that would spark if Trump did the exact same thing?

domain: news


The SEC halted CYNK stock on concerns about the "accuracy and adequacy of information" and "potentially manipulative transactions."
Recent bets on big oil and gas stocks show Warren Buffett and his stock-picking lieutenants are open to a wider range of energy investments.
Wells Fargo posted quarterly earnings that met expectations Friday, while revenue exceeded Wall Street estimates.
Apple still hasn't announced a timeline for iWatch production, but a report suggests manufacturing may start later than anticipated.
The fast-food chain said it's replacing its Cantina platform with items packed with protein and fewer calories. USA Today reports.
A crucial referendum looms in Detroit, as a clutch of creditors decide whether to approve a plan that would cut the cash-strapped city's debt.
Mike Boyer, the tie-dye guy who waited almost 20 hours to be the first in WA to buy legal pot, has his job back. NBC News reports.
A lower unemployment rate doesn't mean all jobs are getting filled. A new survey reports many businesses are having difficulty finding workers.
As World Cup fever spread, the usually sober investment banks-turned-pundits offered their predictions. Here's how they did.
Punch (yes really) is making a comeback on bar menus. Here's how to make the real deal at home.
Chinese state media branded Apple's iPhone a threat to national security because of the smartphone's ability to track and time-stamp user locations.
Some of 2014's biggest winners are slated to share their next big ideas at this year's Delivering Alpha Conference.
Although economist have trimmed their estimates for second-quarter GDP, they don't believe the economy will hit a recession this year or next.
Cohen proved to be a stickler for the letter of the law when it came to paying the criminal penalty imposed on his former hedge fund. The NYT reports.
Despite the publicity from the Madoff case, regulators say a new Ponzi scheme operator is found nearly every week. The NYT reports.
Tensions in the Middle East and North Africa have eased, but oil supply risks in 2015 remain "extraordinarily high", the IEA warned.
Three leading figures of U.S. industry have called for an overhaul of the country's immigration system.
Billionaire activist investor Carl Icahn said on Thursday that it is time for investors to tread carefully after the run-up in U.S. stock markets.
The government will have its planned gasoline stockpile in time to respond to possible supply disruptions at the height of the hurricane season.
Reynolds American and Lorillard are agreeing a complex merger that will reshape Big Tobacco, bringing together the two biggest US operators.


text: In this research, the overal goals of Iran and Saudi Arabia will be studied. From the authors' point of view, examining the two countries relations that form their foreign policies, will help to illuminate those goals. In this research, theoretical dimension which forms the mindset that dominate these relations will be scrutinized in an analytical way and upon examples from the past realities in the relations between the two countries. We also will consider the structural obstacles found in the face of any improvement in the bilateral relations. In the conclusion we will regard the two country's ability to departure from conflict and rivalry to permanent rational cooperation.


text:
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT MASAKA
CIVIL SUIT NO. 36 OF 1999
HAJJI BUMBAKALI LUKYAMUZI:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PLAINTIFF
POSIANO TUSABE :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: DEFENDANTS
BEFORE: HON. MR. JUSTICE DR FLAVIAN ZEIJA
HAJJI BUMBAKALI LUKYAMUZI, (hereinafter referred to as the “plaintiff”) brought this suit against PETER MUHAIRWE, ELISHA BYOMUKA, BERNARD KASAJJA, JOSEPH TIRAGALA, AMBROSE KIMULI, MUHAMED SSEMAKULA, G.W. MUTABARUKA, WILSON LUTAGIRA, ELIAS BULEGYEYA, PATRICK KAKUBA, JAMAINE BALIKUDDEMBE, and POSIANO TUSABE (hereinafter referred to as the “defendants”) for special and general damages arising from trespass to land, destruction of property and costs of the suit. The plaintiff seeks orders for special damages, general damages, interest, and costs of this suit. It is alleged that on the night of 9th April 1992, the defendants trespassed on the plaintiffs land and destroyed his banana plantation. The defendants were arrested by police and charged with the offence of malicious damage to property. They were tried by the Chief Magistrate’s Court of Masaka and found guilty. A fine of 30,000/= or an alternative sentence of 6 weeks imprisonment was handed out to them as a result of the said conviction on the 7th day of September 1998. After the said conviction and setence, the plaintiff filed this case for compensation.
Two issues were framed for the determination at the trial as follows;
- Whether the defendant trespassed on the plaintiff’s Kibanja.
- If so, whether the plaintiff suffered any damages,
I shall add two more issues
- Whether the suit is barred by limitation
- Remedies available to the plaintiff
Resolution of Issues:
Issue No.1: Whether the defendant trespassed on the suit land.
In his testimony, the plaintiff stated that he has a Kibanja at Lusibo in Masaka District. During the night of 8th April 1992, the defendants destroyed the Banana plantation comprising of about 10 acres. They also cut ovacado and mango trees. He used to supply food to Namagunga S.S School and another School on Bombo road which he did not mention. He said he would harvest 500 bunches of Matooke a month and he was selling each at Shs. 2500-3000 per bunch. It took him too years for the cut Banana Plantation to yield again. He prayed for damages and costs of the suit.
PW2 (Bwebare Abdulatifu) testified that he saw those who cut the banana Plantation. He could remember Patrice Kakuba, Muheirwe Peter, Tusaba, Kasaija, Rutagira, Jamaine Balikudembe and Bulegeya. He saw about 40 people cutting the Bananas but he could only recognize those mentioned. He informed PW1 about it. He was able to identify those cutting in his hiding near the banana plantation. He was with someone else called Justus. Though at night, there was moonlight.
PW4 (Mmazempaka Peter) testified that the plaintiff had a dispute with residents over a well in his registered land. PW 4 was a Muluka chief of the area. There was also a dispute over a football pitch in the plaintiff’s land. He held a meeting with the residents over the dispute. His evidence is relevant in as far as understanding the proximate cause but he did not witness any person cutting the banana plantation.
PW5 Ntabi John Baptist is a valuer. He valued the Banana plantation destroyed and the valuation report was submitted in evidence. However, the valuation was carried out in 1999 yet the plantation was cut in 1992. He testified that he used the rates of 1999 to arrive at the values he presented.
The defendants denied ever trespassing on the plaintiff’s land and stated that they were not in that village at the time (alibi).
It is provided in the constitution of Uganda that enjoyment of ones property is one of the fundamental rights (God given). It is therefore an offence of trespass to interfere with one’s right to property. Trespass to land consists of any unjustifiable intrusion upon or interference with the land in possession of another and can be one of the following:
- Entering upon a land in possession of another without permission.
- Remaining on land entered with permission after request to move has been made (e.g. being sent away by a landlord and you refuse to go away, it is trespass to land).
- Placing or throwing away any object upon it without any lawful justification.
The commonest form of trespass to land is the personal entry by the defendant onto the land or building occupied by the plaintiff. The trespass must be voluntarily so that if a person is carried or forced into another land on his part there is no trespass as was held in Smith Vs Stone. 08 F.2D 15(9th Cir.1962)
Trespass may be committed indirectly through a servant, cattle or some other movable object. According to Kynoch Limited Vs Lowlands  1 Ch 527 tress pass may be committed on land e.g. by working over it or under the land by digging it or over the land in the air.
The supreme Court in the case of Justine E.M.N Lutaaya vs. Stirling Civil Eng. Civ.Appeal No. 11 of 2002 9, held that trespass to land occurs when a person makes an unauthorised entry upon another’s land and thereby interfering with another person’s lawful possession of the land.
It should be noted that a person who sues in trespass is a person in possession of the land. Possession may either be possession in law, Possession in fact or immediate possession. In Justine E.M.N Lutaaya vs. Sterling Civil Eng (supra) it was held that possession does not only mean physical occupation but also includes constructive possession. The plaintiff was therefore in possession and had a right to sue in trespass.
The evidence before me shows that the defendants were charged in a court of law in Criminal Case No MMA 220 of 1992-Uganda Vs Bangayan Dusha and 12 ors, for Malicious damage to property. They were found guilty of cutting the banana plantation of the plaintiff and convicted. They appealed but at the time of hearing this suit, they were not sure what the position of the appeal was. That was 10 years after they appealed. The burden of proof in criminal matters is beyond reasonable doubt. The burden of proof before me is on the balance of probabilities. That burden is far below that of the standard expected in criminal matters. The accused were convicted by a competent court. It should be noted that evidence of a conviction in a criminal matter can be used in a civil matter.
I therefore find that the defendants were trespassers.
Issue No. 2: Whether the plaintiff suffered any damages.
Having found that the defendants trespassed on the plaintiff’s land, and destroyed the plaintiff’s banana plantation, I need to determine whether the plaintiff suffered any damages.
In the case of Placid Weli vs. Hippo Tours & 2 O’rsHCCS No. 939 of 1996, and also Halbury’s Laws of England, 3rd Edition, Vol.38, para 1222, it was held that trespass is actionable parse regardless of whether damage has been made to the land or not.
The evidence available on record to prove special damages is that of PW5 the assistant surveyor and the plaintiff himself. PW5 submitted a valuation report which in my view leaves a lot of questions than answers. This report cannot be relied upon to determine special damages due to the following reasons
- The estimation of the values was based on the 1999 rates of 1.2 million per acre. He testified that he used the 1999 rates because he did not have the rates for 1992 when the destruction took place
- He did not look at the area destroyed. He based his findings on information provided by the plaintiff.
- He added the rate 30% disturbance allowance on the rates. That was not his duty.
The evidence of the plaintiff who testified that he used to harvest 500 bunches a month at 2500-3000 each may be relevant. I would have expected more evidence, for example from those he used to supply. A contract for the supply of Matooke would have been most appropriate. He also testifies that the Banana plantation took two years to recover. I do not think that the gestation period for a banana is 2 years. One year is appropriate. In the result, a sum of 12,000,000 Million would have been appropriate if the case did not have serious legal issues I’am going to address below.
Regarding general damages, the law is that they are awarded at the discretion of court but they are a natural consequence of the defendant’s act or omission and they are intended to compensate the plaintiff for the injury suffered. See Robert Cuossens vs. Attorney General SCCA No. 08 of 1999
In the assessment of the quantum of damages, courts are mainly guided by the value of the subject matter, the inconveniences that the party was put through at the instance of the opposite party, and the nature and extent of the breach. See: Uganda Commercial Bank vs. Kigozi  1 EA. 305. A plaintiff who suffers damage due to the wrongful act of the defendant must be put in the position he or she would have been in had she or he not suffered the injury/damage. See: Charles Acire vs. Myaana Engola H.C.C.S No. 143 of 1993; Kibimba Rice Ltd vs. Umar Salim, SCCA No. 17 of 1992.
In the instant case, PW1 testified that he was supplying food to two schools and he must have been inconvenienced when the Matooke was destroyed. However, the plaintiff did not guide court on the quantum of damages he would have expected. That leaves with court to use its discretion to determine damages. See: Robert Cuossens vs. Attorney General, SCCA No. 08 of 1999;Ongomvs. Attorney General  HCB 267.In Bhadelie Habib Ltd vs. Commissioner General, URA [1997 – 2001] UCL 2001, Fred Kamugira vs. National Housing & Construction Co. Ltd., HCCS No. 127 of 2008,
A sum of 2 million would have been appropriate if the case did not have other legal issues.
Issue No 3: Whether the suit is barred by Limitation
The cause of action in this suit arose on the night of 9th April 1992. This suit was filed on the 20th of August 1999. That is 7 years and 4 months from the date the event occurred.
The Limitation Act provides that actions in tort shall be brought within the space of 6 years from the date the cause of action arises. It states:
3. Limitation of actions of contract and tort and certain other actions.
(1) The following actions shall not be brought after the expiration of six years from the date on which the cause of action arose—
(a) Actions founded on contract or on tort;
A plaint which is barred by limitation is bad in law. See also Iga v. Makerere University  E.A. 65. The Limitation Act applies to all matters unless the Act itself makes an exception See Badiru Mbazira v. Abisagi Nansubuga [1992-93] HCB 241.
My view is that this case was filed out of time. It should be noted that time begins to run from the time the matter accrued. See Eridad Otabong v. Attorney General S.C.C.A No. 6/1990. This case is not founded on the decision in the criminal case. In the criminal case, the magistrate did not make any orders as to the plaintiff filing a civil suit. Even if he did, the statement would not afford this case a cause of action. The cause of action in tort arose the night the bananas were cut. It did not arise because the defendants were found guilty. The right to sue for damages to property arises as soon as the property is destroyed. It does not depend on finding the defendant guilty of a criminal offence. There is no need for a declaration by the criminal court for that right to exit. In any case, criminal cases and civil cases on the same matter can run concurrently.
I therefore find that this suit was barred by limitation and the only way the plaintiff could have instituted this suit was to apply for extension of time. This was never done
Issues No. 4. What remedies are available to the parties
In view of the fact that the case is barred by limitation, no remedies are available to the plaintiff.
In the result, this suit is dismissed. I’am reluctant to order the plaintiff to pay costs of this suit given that he should have been advised by his counsel that this suit was barred by limitation. Each party shall bear their own costs.
Dr Flavian Zeija

domain: law


text:
|Reeves Iii, James|
Submitted to: American Society of Agronomy Meetings
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/20/2002
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: As new field projects are considered for developing management practices that sequester carbon dioxide as soil C, a need exists for methods that accurately measure soil C. Various indirect methods have been recommended for measuring soil C, but additional evaluation is required if these methods are going to be used in long term monitoring. In developing countries, infrastructure limitations further restrict analytical options for within-country soil C monitoring. Indirect methods for measuring soil C such as dichromate oxidation, loss-on-ignition (LOI), diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy hold advantages in being simple and/or rapid but ultimately they need to be compared to the accepted standard of direct elemental analysis by combustion. A set of diverse soils (1.2 - 7.7 g C/kg soil) collected from the country of Mali in West Africa were analyzed by indirect soil C measurement and compared to C by combustion. Results showed that both dichromate oxidation and LOI were inaccurate for C determination. In contrast, accurate calibrations for soil C were developed using infrared spectroscopy indicating that this approach holds promise as a technology for rapid soil C monitoring.

domain: chemistry


Universally usable for a wide range of applications in landscaping and trade. The indispensable companion on the construction site.
- Two-part housing made of cast steel.
- High-quality, ergonomically shaped wooden handle.
- Replaceable, low-wear impact inserts: 1 x black medium hard rubber and 1 x white very hard nylon head.
|Type||Order no.||Weight Dead Weight (lbs)||Diameter outside (in)||Length of Handle (in)|