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Each breed of dog is subject to its ownspecific diseases. For example, Pekingese are known for the fact that their eyeballs can easily fall out. Therefore, these four-legged friends need careful care and care. Their owners need to monitor the health of pets, especially the organs of vision.
Causes of the disease
Is it true that the eyes fall out of Pekingese?Indeed, proptosis in animals happens often. Its consequences are always negative and extremely dangerous. The main cause of the disease is the features of the cranium of this breed. Dogs differ shortened muzzle, raised nose and shallow eye sockets. As a result, the orbits are underdeveloped, and the organs of vision are extremely vulnerable.
Even a small external impact on the skullpet and inaccurate treatment with it lead to a proptosis. Therefore, four-legged friends are important to protect from neck injuries, head blows, fights, and sharp jumps. If they get injured, the eyes of Pekingese fall out partially or completely. It is not recommended to start it in families where there are small children. In addition, sometimes the problem arises from the presence of serious diseases that weaken the eye muscles.
Symptomatology of the disease
The owner can easily determine that his animal has a proptosis. Such a disease is noticeable in a number of symptoms:
- the oppressed state of the dog,
- increased anxiety;
- frequent blinking;
- drying of the cornea;
- fear of light;
- edema of the conjunctiva;
- bleeding from the organs of vision;
- protrusion of the eye's body from the orbit by more than 75 percent.
If such signs are revealed, the owner should contact the veterinarian.
Help the pet
If eyes fall out of Pekingese, the owner can notTo panic. Of course, the sight will be unpleasant, but you need to keep calm to help a four-legged friend. To him, and so unpleasant, painful, scary, and the owner's fright only aggravated the situation.
Experts advise not to try to "insert"bodies of sight in their place, because the unprofessional approach will negatively affect the condition of the animal. Independent intervention in most cases leads to blindness, and sometimes to the death of the dog.
Pekingese eyes drop out, what should I do? The owner's assistance should be as follows:
- Call a veterinarian to your home.
- On the neck of a four-legged friend put on a plastic collar, if one is available. Or make sure that the dog does not touch the damaged organ.
- Dampen a clean cotton napkin in water to clean the open wound from dirt, blood, pus. Do not use for this liquid that contains alcohol, as well as fleecy tissues and cotton wool.
- Carefully lubricate the affected area with ointment for the eyes.
- To the injured eye it is necessary to put ice or something cold for 10 minutes.
- If the doctor can not come himself, then the pet should be delivered to the veterinary clinic independently.
If the owner does not take urgent measures torescue of the animal, soon retinal detachment, eye atrophy, muscle rupture, corneal necrosis, optic nerve damage, cataracts will soon occur. The dog will lose sight partially or completely. In severe cases, the dog can die.
In order not to meet the problem, when eyes fall out of Pekingese, or in order to avoid relapse, it is recommended to adhere to certain rules:
- if possible, remove all objects that are traumatic for a four-legged friend from the apartment;
- to ensure that the pupils are not harmed by sight organs of young children;
- during the walk, secure the animal from other dogs;
- Do not lift it by the collar, do not hit on the head,
- daily carry out preventive examination.
If funds are available,plastic surgery, because the breed of dog Pekingese has from the nature wide eye slits. Surgical intervention will significantly reduce the likelihood of proptosis.
Treatment measures and recommendations to owners
When the owner delivers a four-legged friend inclinic, he will be given anesthesia, clean the orbit, introduce the necessary antibiotics, put the eye organs in place, and put in the seams. If this is not done, the pet will remain blind or cross-eyed. Then a protective dressing is applied to the injured place. Unfortunately, sometimes the eye can not be saved.
When the animal is on the mend, in one or twoweeks seams can be removed. At this point the doctor injects him with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs. In the future, the dog must undergo a course of treatment, when she will be given antibacterial injections.
If the eyes fall out of Pekingese, and the veterinarian inno settlement, the owner will have to try to "insert" the eyeball into the orbit itself. For this, one person keeps the pet, and the other gently presses the organ of vision with clean hands, so that it returns to the orbit. However, a specialist's consultation is subsequently necessary.
Thus, fans of short-haired dogsfirst should learn more about their features, and only then start a pet. The dog breed of Pekingese tends to fall out of the eyeballs, but with proper care, due attention and care, the animal can live without proptosis.


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domain: medical


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Dietitians food nutrition essay
The history of food and nutrition dates to the beginning of recorded history in the era of hunters, people knew that they had to eat to survive. Nutrition and dietitian essay nutritionists and dietitians career filed falls in foods and nutrition majority of the dietitians prefer to have the rdn. Consultant dietitians consultant dietitian is a term used to describe dietitians who are in private practice or practice on a contractual foods, nutrition.
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Nutrition essay canada 2016 dietitians of essays the american dream death of a salesman essay fast food restaurants cause and effect essay jan verwoert. Two career paths that deal exclusively with diet, food, and nutrition – dietitians and nutritionists – are certainly similar, but not quite interchangeable. But this document is solely concerned with describing the dietitians’ input the nutrition and dietetic care process is only part of the food and physical. Learn about what a dietitian and nutritionist is and what dietitians and nutritionists do plan food and nutrition programs essays.
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The nutrition month 2018 public campaign is dedicated to unlock the potential of food dietitians will help canadians realize the potential of food to fuel, discover.
Nutrition term papers (paper 18084 free essays on nutrition posted on this site were donated by every hospital has a team of dietitians ranging in size. Nutrition and dietetics nutrition and dietetics - essay example this implies that food is an important determinant of the spread and the ability of. Nutrition in a sports world registered dietitians (rd) are the food and nutrition experts who address just send your request for getting no plagiarism essay. Nutrition is the supply of food an organism dietitians work in a please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay.
Dietitians, food and truth: at-a-glance guidance to better nutrition, big food developed the dietitians are demonstrating the importance of unity. Food and nutrition essay - proper nutrition is one of the most dietitians: food nutrition essay - “those who have no time for healthy. Philosophy of nutrition it’s sad to know that people don’t see the importance of nutritionists and dietitians food is the most haven’t found the essay.

domain: food


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Nachos Maker Gameplay Tips and Strategies
- App name: Nachos Maker
- Developer: Sunstorm Interactive
- Genre: Simulation
- Release: Feb 22, 2011
Let's play Nachos Maker on iOS. In this part of the walkthrough, you will learn more tips and tricks while playing the Nachos Maker game on the iPhone.
This page contains Nachos Maker video walkthroughs for iOS (iPhone/iPad) called "mannequin makers - worst day man live @nachos n gangas!" and has been uploaded on Admin official channel at Nov 7, 2014.
Still need help with this level? Here you can ask questions and discuss with other Nachos Maker users.
Hit like if this helped you!
Stuck on some levels in Nachos Maker? This walkthrough can help you finish the game.

domain: game


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Begin Your Case With a Proven Personal Injury Law Firm
Isaacs & Isaacs Personal Injury Lawyers proudly serves Evansville and the surrounding area, providing legal representation for victims of collisions, dog bites, wrongful death, and other incidents.
As seen on television and local billboards, Attorney Darryl Isaacs has been called “the Hammer,” winning settlements for Evansville residents in Indiana who have suffered harm. We offer free case reviews to those interested in seeking compensation for their injuries. You can explore working with an Evansville personal injury lawyer with our firm today.
We charge no upfront fees for our legal services and only take payment if we secure monetary compensation on your behalf. Call us at 800-333-9999 at any time to speak to one of our dedicated Evansville personal injury lawyers and set up a free consultation.
We Represent Injured Accident Victims Across Many Categories. Some Personal Injury Cases We Handle Include:
- Accidents With Trucks or Commercial Vehicles
- Injuries & Wrongful Death Involving Driver Negligence (cell phone use, DUI)
- Accidents With Uninsured Motorists
- Whiplash Injury Accidents
- Airbag Deployment Accidents
- Takata Air Bag Recalls
- Motorcycle Accident Injuries
- Ridesharing: Lyft & Uber Accidents
- Bicycle Accident Injuries
- Hit and Run Accidents
- Pedestrians Hit By a Vehicle
- Head-On Collisions
- Rear-End Collisions
- Spinal Cord Injuries
Hiring an Indiana Personal Injury Attorney with Our Firm
In his podcast, “Ask the Hammer,” Attorney Darryl Isaacs – the Hammer – answers questions about how he and his team serve clients to help get them the compensation they need. Play the episode below:
What You Can Expect When You Call Our Personal Injury Law Firm
When you reach out to Isaacs & Isaacs Personal Injury Lawyers in Evansville, you can expect to:
- Speak with a compassionate member of our team. We take personal injury cases personally. When you share your story, we will listen and explain your legal options.
- Get the answers to your questions. You can ask us anything about your situation, including what you can recover. You can also ask us about our previous case results and client testimonials.
- Get a “feel” for our firm. We want you to feel confident in your decision to work with our personal injury lawyers. During our conversation, you can decide for yourself whether we’re a “good fit.”
Our Accident Law Firm Will Get Started on Your Case Immediately By:
- Listening to your story
- Answering your questions
- Advising you what to do next
- Investigating the accident scene and all other evidence related to your claim
- Reviewing medical records, police reports, and all documents
- Determining which parties are liable for your injury
- Meeting with insurance adjusters
- Helping you file your claim
- Demanding a just settlement for all of your medical treatment and damages
We Will Investigate and Build Your Case
Your personal injury case needs compelling evidence to succeed. Our team will pull security camera footage, interview witnesses, and review your medical records to build your case. We will also:
- Review the accident report
- Consult with field experts, such as accident reconstruction specialists
- Evaluate your injury-related receipts and invoices
- Talk to your employer about your missed time from work and accommodations
We Will Prove Negligence Caused Your Accident
Once we’ve gathered evidence to support your case, we will prove negligence. This involves showing these four elements:
- Another party (such as a motorist) had a duty of care. This means they should have acted with care and respect for others’ safety.
- The other party violated their duty of care by partaking in some negligent or reckless action.
- The other party hurt you.
- You suffered losses as a result of getting hurt.
We Will File Your Personal Injury Insurance Claim
As noted, we resolve many injury cases through insurance settlements. That’s because we know what goes into successful claims. We will:
- Manage all communications with the claims adjuster
- Evaluate any prospective settlement offers
- Write and send your demand letter
- Negotiate for what you deserve
- Protect you from bad faith insurance practices
We will also abide by all deadlines.
We Will File Your Personal Injury Lawsuit
Filing a lawsuit after an accident isn’t like anything you’ve seen in popular media. It involves filling out paperwork, communicating with the other party’s lawyers, and applying state law to your case. We will do everything your situation requires.
Build Your Case With A Top Rated Accident LawyerIf you need immediate assistance with a vehicle accident or personal injury, call our team now at 800-333-9999 to begin your free case review and schedule an initial consultation to get legal advice. Our law firm represents injured victims across many categories. Some popular cases our accident attorneys handle include:
- Big Truck and Commercial Vehicle Accidents
- Car Accidents
- Motorcycle Accidents
- Bus Accidents
- Pedestrian Accidents
- Product Liability Cases
Build Your Case with an Evansville Personal Injury Lawyer from Our Firm
Our personal injury lawyers in Evansville and Vanderburgh County manage these practice areas:
- Car accidents
- Truck accidents
- Motorcycle accidents
- Commercial vehicle accidents
- Pedestrian accidents
- Tractor accidents
- Boat and watercraft accidents
- Dog bites
- Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs)
- Wrongful death
Isaacs & Isaacs Personal Injury Lawyers is available 24 hours a day to evaluate your case.
We Help Injured Claimants with Their Catastrophic Injury Cases
We can’t imagine what you are going through after a catastrophic injury, but we can fight for you if the accident was caused by someone else’s negligence. Our clients have had injuries resulting in amputations, paralysis, quadriplegia, paraplegia, and other permanent conditions.
We understand that these injuries do more than impact your ability to work or perform normal human functions; they result in emotional and mental conditions not limited to depression, anxiety, and the ability to enjoy life in general.
If you have been involved in a catastrophic accident, our Evansville personal injury attorneys are available to help.
Why Partner with Our Evansville, Indiana Personal Injury Law Firm?
Partnering with our firm yields these benefits:
You Must Follow Indiana’s Statute of Limitations
Per IC § 34-11-2-4:
- You typically have two years to file your lawsuit.
- Your filing date depends on when you discovered your injuries, suffered harm, or lost a loved one.
- The civil court system will not hear cases filed outside the two-year deadline.
- Some exceptions could give you more or less time to act.
While we resolve many personal injury cases through insurance claims, we want to leave our options open if filing a lawsuit is necessary. This makes abiding by the statutory deadline crucial. Otherwise, you could find yourself with few financial recovery options.
We’re Ready to Pursue Compensation for These Losses
Financial recovery in your case may comprise:
- Your necessary healthcare expenses, including future procedures
- Lost employee-related losses, including tips, bonuses, and income
- Pain and suffering and inconvenience
- Property damage expenses
- Scarring and disfigurement
- Mental trauma
- Loss of consortium
- Funeral expenses
You might wonder: “What’s the value of my injury case in Indiana?” This answer depends on your situation. We will consider all aspects of your case when determining what constitutes a fair settlement offer.
You can trust your personal injury lawyer in Evansville to fight for every dollar you deserve.
We’re a Proven Evansville Personal Injury Law Firm
Isaacs & Isaacs Personal Injury Lawyers serves the community of Evansville, Indiana, and the greater surrounding area with personal injury claims.
Call us immediately if you have been in an accident for a no-obligation case review. You don’t pay any fees unless and until our lawyers secure compensation for you.
To learn more about working with our Evansville lawyers, call 1-800-333-9999 for your no-cost personal injury case review.

domain: law


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Practicing social distancing and self-isolation has unfortunately become the norm these days, and it is not always an easy task to stay at home and resist the temptation to wander outside. There is the natural longing for the great outdoors, to inhale fresh air, to sit quietly among the tall trees and grass, or gaze out over broad canyons and vast landscapes. And as tempting as it is to step out and see Mother Nature up close, many do not have the luxury of doing so without running into a neighbor, or two or five. So how do you become one with nature without compromising your own or others health?
Lucky for us, Google Arts & Culture has teamed up with five national parks in the United States so that people can enjoy the wonders of the world from the comfort of their own home. These parks, ranging from the Alaskan wilderness to the volcanic landscape of Hawaii, take us on a virtual adventure amid various environments across the country.
Below is a list of the national parks that are currently offering stunning virtual tours:
Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii:
One of the most popular national parks in Hawai’i is now totally accessible online. Take a trip back in time and explore the lands shaped by the world’s most active volcano, and see how the islands around it are constantly changing and growing. Learn about the vibrant ecosystem that is home to many native plants, birds, and insects that are not found anywhere in the world. Take flight over an active volcano, explore a lava tube, and look out across alien-like volcanic cliffs.
Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico:
Located in southern New Mexico in the Guadalupe Mountains, this national park’s foreign and mysterious formations are millions of years in the making. It offers visitors a glimpse into an infinite number of forms and textures, and has one of the largest single cave chambers in North America. You will be able to fly with thousands of bats, explore incredible formations, and trek by headlamp through a cave.
Bryce Canyon, Utah:
Come and explore the wonders of this stunning, southwestern national park, home to the largest collection of red rock pillars. Park rangers will take visitors on a journey of the fastest changing geologic landscapes on the planet that spans from daytime to nighttime. Gaze dreamily up at the night sky, ride horseback through a canyon, and see towering stone hoodos up close.
Kanai Fjords National Park, Alaska:
Take a trip up north to explore rugged mountains, gigantic glaciers and sparkling lagoons in this stunning tour of the Alaskan wilderness. Engross yourself as you rappel into a crevasse, kayak through icebergs, witness a Humpback whale breach, and watch a glacier recede through the years.
Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida:
This national park is located in one of the southernmost points of the United States. Explore and learn a bit of history on land and the hidden world beneath the sea. Experience diving to a shipwreck, swim through the third largest coral reef in the world, and tour a Civil War-era fort.

domain: geography


text:
Bedside and advanced practice nurses in acute and critical care often view chest radiologic images of their patients. Correlation of findings on chest radiologic images with results of physical and other diagnostic assessments can provide information for making appropriate clinical judgments. Radiologic images of the chest available for acutely ill patients now include frontal/lateral chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. The purpose of this article is for the reader to review basic skills for interpreting chest radiographs, gain skill in reviewing CT scans of the chest, and be able to apply more advanced interpretation skills for both chest radiographs and chest CT scans. Several chest images are included for review.
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Features| October 01 2014
Advanced Chest Imaging Interpretation of Acute Pulmonary Disorders
Debra Siela, RN, PhD, CCNS, ACNS-BC, CCRN-K, CNE, RRT
AACN Adv Crit Care (2014) 25 (4): 365–374.
Debra Siela; Advanced Chest Imaging Interpretation of Acute Pulmonary Disorders. AACN Adv Crit Care 1 October 2014; 25 (4): 365–374. doi: https://doi.org/10.4037/NCI.0000000000000050
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US ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND SHOULDER SLEEVE INSIGNIA 3D STL
#1 In North American & European markets
Enriching the market with quality!
Growing CNC & LASER Businesses
Because your success - is our success.
WE NEVER STOP WORKING
New designs daily! Original ideas - that your customers will love!
3DWave - is your solution!
We have 12 years of experience in woodworking and modelling. Here you will find 3D models for CNC Router, 2D, SVG, Laser Files - All of them made special for North America & Europe. Our models have the highest quality on the market. Our team is making new designs every day! Now our collection has 2650+ designs that will improve the quality of your carvings and your business sales.

domain: design


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Same on return flight except we arrived a good half hour early but crew jumped to task and loaded us and dogs promptly for return. Only item worth mentioning was during climb out to altitude both my wife and I heard numerous bumping sound on both sides of fuselage up and down the sides and top. We have owned our own planes and owned shares in jets through Flight Options and chartered often over the years and we have never had this type of noise. It almost sounded like rivets coming out or random bird strikes (which I knew it was not). I mentioned it to the co-pilot and he told me to report it so maintenance could be sure to check it out. Said it may be a maintenance issue on an older aircraft but a first for me. After attaining altitude the noise did not reoccur. All else went according to schedule and the pilots were very professional and assisted on and off with dogs and luggage. I would use again this service. Thank
Joel Thomas: Hi William! Thanks for the opportunity to serve you and your wife. We are always grateful when our clients take the time to offer feedback. We reached out to Chief Pilot of the air carrier you flew with regarding the noise you mentioned and here is what they said: "Frequently you'll hear noises that sound like that and its just the airplane expanding as altitude, temperature and humidity change. Its actually very common." Looking forward to working with you all again soon! All my best
An affinity charter is slightly different in that, although all of the passengers are affiliated with a specific business, group or organization, each pays his own air fare. The passengers might sports or music fans traveling to a special event, or a bunch of friends going on vacation. With this type of charter, none of the seats can be sold to members of public.
We heavily discount one way fixed departure flights so that We heavily discount one way fixed departure flights so that you can fly private without breaking the bank. Come back you can fly private without breaking the bank. Come back for regular promotional offers or subscribe to our weekly email for regular promotional offers or subscribe to our weekly email notification notification
Johannesburg, South Africa is a popular travel destination for private charter services. Paramount Business Jets specializes in both domestic and international flight to this city, offering limitless options in terms of aircraft and airport. We will provide you access to over 15,000 individual aircraft to select from, ensuring that you will secure the ideal model for your flight. With no fewer than eleven individual airports to choose from within just fifty miles from the city itself, you'll have as much flexibility in choosing your destination as you will in choosing your aircraft. The most convenient and closest of these airports to the city of Johannesburg are the Rand Airport (HCS), the Johannesburg International Airport (JNB), the Brakpan Airport (FABB), the Grand Central Airport (GCJ), and the Lanseria Airport (HLA), each of which are within just twenty miles from the central area of the city. Popular categories in the area include light jets (Nextant 400XT and Citation CJ3) and large jets (Gulfstream III, Falcon 2000 EX Easy, and Challenger 601-3A). Call us today 24 hours a day at +1-877-727-2538.
Joel,I hope this email find you well. I just wanted to reach out to thank you for the charter service you arranged for us last weekend. It was truly a pleasure to fly with Stratos and we will most certainly book with your charter service again.Thanks again for all of your help this week. It made the trip a breeze!Warm Regards,Matt, Scottie & Harper
I work on the operator side of this business. Joel and his team (Christina, Simon, Kerry, and more) are all incredibly wonderful to work with. They are always responsive in a timely manner and deliver accurate information consistently. They bring a very positive attitude and outlook to this industry. Hopeful to book many more trips with them in the future.
As the assistant who actually booked the trip and made the plans for my employer and her family, I must say that the experience was a new one for me. That said, the unfamiliar process was made much simpler thanks to the knowledge, expertise and patience of my rep, Christina Nesbit. She was extremely informative and helped thru each step of the process, reassuring me that the passengers were getting the most appropriate plane for their needs.I will double check to be sure there isn't any additional feedback I am missing, but to date I was told that the flight was a pleasurable one and they were appreciative and impressed that the President came to greet them pre flight as well.Thank you, Shari
Using a private jet rental to get to a holiday destination ensures the additional benefit of access to private terminals for faster security check-ins, ensuring that more time is spent enjoying the getaway instead of waiting in line. With its ability to access more locations around the world and enhanced potential for personalisation, chartering privately is the perfect way to travel for pleasure.

domain: travel


I currently contribute or have contributed to the following toolboxes.
BluSTL (pronounced "blue steel") is a MATLAB toolkit for automatically generating hybrid controllers from specifications written in Signal Temporal Logic.
This MATLAB package contains the implementation of the algorithms described in the paper "Diagnosis and Repair for Synthesis from Signal Temporal Logic", Ghosh et al, HSCC 2016. This file describes the contents of the package, and provides instruction regarding its use.
LTLMoP is a modular Python toolkit for designing, testing, and implementing hybrid controllers generated automatically from task specifications written in Structured English, Temporal Logic or a subset of Natural Language.
slugs is a stand-alone reactive synthesis tool for generalized reactivity(1) synthesis.
TuLiP is a collection of Python code for automatic synthesis of correct-by-construction embedded control software.


EVANSVILLE, Ind. (WEHT) – A new stretch of Waterworks Rd. is open, running just south of the existing construction and intersecting with Veterans Memorial Parkway.
The old stretch of Waterworks Rd. near Sunset Park and the Wastewater Treatment Plant is closed.
The traffic light at the new intersection is now in operation.
The traffic light at the old intersection will also remain operational because Shawnee Dr. will still “T” into Veterans Memorial Parkway/Riverside Dr. at that location.
(This story was originally published on November 11, 2019)


On January 12, 2007, the Food and Drug Administration issued a press release, which stated that the FDA and state health officials were closer to identifying the source of E. coli contamination associated with the E. coli outbreak at Taco John's restaurants in Minnesota and Iowa. According to the FDA release, at least 81 individuals had become ill with E. coli infections after eating at Taco John's, including 33 from Minnesota, 47 from Iowa, and one from Wisconsin. Twenty-six people were hospitalized with E. coli infections, and two developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. Lettuce from California's Central Valley had been determined to be the source of the outbreak, with two environmental samples testing positive for a genetic match to the E. coli strain isolated from outbreak victims.
Although the outbreak occurred at the same time as the Taco Bell E. coli outbreak on the East Coast, the two outbreaks were never linked.


text:
Hatch! Mister Sister
by Asher Doyle Author and MKD Author
What happens when a child is born as a biological female and continually asserts that they are a boy? What happens to the mother as she tries to explain this situation and why she is supportive of it to family, teachers, peers, students, and neighbors? What happens when the father tries to combat the child's pleas that they are a boy? Find out the answers to these and more in the new issue of "Hatch Mister Sister". A fascinating read for all!
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domain: library


text:
To determine whether parental presence during induction of anesthesia is an effective preoperative behavioral intervention, a randomized controlled trial with children undergoing outpatient surgery was conducted.
Eighty-four children were randomly assigned to a parent-present or parent-absent group. Using multiple behavioral and physiologic measures of anxiety, the effect of the intervention on the children and their parents was assessed. Predictors for the response to the intervention were examined using multivariate linear regression analysis.
When the intervention group (parent-present) was compared to the control group (parent-absent), overall there were no significant differences in any of the behavioral or physiologic measures of anxiety tested during induction of anesthesia. Using the child's serum cortisol concentration as the outcome, parental presence, the child's age and baseline temperament, and trait anxiety of the parent, were identified as predictors of the child's anxiety during induction. Analysis of variance demonstrated that three groups showed diminished cortisol concentrations with parental presence: children older than 4 yr (P = 0.001), children whose parent had a low trait anxiety (P = 0.02), and children who had a low baseline level of activity as assessed by temperament (P = 0.05).
Children who were older than 4 yr or those with a parent with a low trait anxiety or who had a low baseline level of activity/temperament benefited from parental presence during induction.
Key words: Anesthesia, pediatric: general; induction. parental presence.
PARENTAL presence during induction of general anesthesia is controversial. Although early studies suggest reduced patient anxiety and increased cooperation, [1,2]more recent reports indicate that parental presence may not always be beneficial. [3,4]Potential benefits include minimizing the need for premedication and avoiding distress on separation from the parents. Other benefits such as reducing the child's anxiety during induction or affecting long-term behavior after surgery also remain unproved. Behavioral studies in children undergoing surgery are extremely difficult to design and perform. Anxiety and behavioral responses resulting from induction of anesthesia have a complex and multifactorial origin. The child, the parent, and the anesthesiologist must be evaluated simultaneously to understand the many factors influencing anxiety during induction of anesthesia.
The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to study these relationships and to determine if parental presence during the induction of anesthesia reduces the immediate anxiety of the child and results in a lower incidence of adverse long-term behavioral sequelae. In addition, this study examines factors that may predict which pairs of children and parents wild benefit most from parental presence during induction.
Materials and Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, the study population consisted of 84 children aged 1-6 yr who were randomly assigned to parent-absent (control) or parent-present (intervention) groups. All subjects (ASA physical status 1 or 2) underwent elective outpatient surgery and general anesthesia at the Children's Hospital at Yale-New Haven. To avoid potential confounding variables, any history of previous surgery, hospitalization, chronic illness, or developmental delay excluded subjects from participation in this study. All inductions were performed in an induction room at the same time of day (morning) with the parents dressed in their own clothing. Premedication was not administrated to any subject and all inductions were performed by a single attending anesthesiologist. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and written informed consent was obtained from the parents.
Behavioral and Physiologic Assessments
Data regarding the following behavioral assessment tools are elucidated in the Appendix.
- E-A-S-I (Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, Impulsivity) Instrument of child temperament .
- Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (YPAS) .
- Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) .
- Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS) [8,9].
- State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)**
- Anxiety Visual Analog Scale (VAS) [10,11].
A total of six behavioral tools were used, the parents completed four tools, the STAI, EASI, VAS, and PHBQ; trained observers completed three tools, the VAS, YPAS, and the CARS. A developmentalist, a psychologist, and an anesthesiologist served as observers and administered the various observational assessments. Interobserver agreements among these three observers were measured in a previous investigation ; for a sample of 58 preschool children the agreement ranged from 0.66 to 0.98 for the YPAS, VAS, and the CARS.
Cortisol analysis was done as follows: after obtaining the subjects' blood each sample was transferred immediately into a precooled tube containing heparin. After gentle mixing, the blood was centrifuged at 4,000 RPM for 2 min and the plasma stored at -70 degrees C. Plasma cortisol concentration was determined in duplicate using radioimmunoassay kits from Diagnostic System Laboratories (Webster, TX). Samples were determined in a single large batch, duplicates agreed within 15%, and quality assessment samples were well within the manufacturer's defined range.
All subjects were recruited 1 week before surgery while the children were undergoing a behavioral preoperative preparation program. The program consists of providing information to the child and parent, an orientation tour of the operating room and postanesthesia care unit and modeling using dolls by child-life specialists as related to the specific surgery planned for the child. This is done on an individual basis and was modified based on the age of the child. After recruitment, demographic data including birth order, number of siblings, parental education, temperament of the child (EASI), behavior of the child in previous medical encounters (VAS), and trait anxiety of the parent (STAI) were obtained (Figure 1). Also, baseline heart rate and blood pressure were measured in all parents of subjects.
Day of Surgery, Preoperative Holding Area. The anxiety of both the child and parent were rated by an independent "blinded observer" using the VAS. Parents also were asked to rate their subjective levels of anxiety using a self-report VAS. Next, subjects were randomly assigned to a parent-absent group (control) or a parent-present group (intervention). The randomization was done using a computer-generated random numbers table.
Day of Surgery, Induction Room. Anesthesia was induced using oxygen/nitrous oxide and halothane administered via a scented mask. All inductions were videotaped to facilitate later independent assessments of the observational scales. Child's anxiety (YPAS, CARS) and cooperation (VAS), during induction were assessed using the videotapes by three independent observers (e.g., each observer rated the videotapes using one behavioral measure only). The rating was done at two points: (1) on entrance to the induction room, and (2) during introduction of the anesthesia mask to the child. As soon as anesthesia was induced, the parents were accompanied to the waiting area and asked to rate their situational anxiety (STAI) level and an investigator measured their blood pressure and heart rate. Similarly, the attending anesthesiologist's blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Immediately after the insertion of an intravenous cannula, a 2-ml sample of blood was withdrawn from each subject for serum cortisol analysis. Adverse effects, such as laryngospasm were noted and duration of induction was recorded (for the purpose of this study, the duration of induction was defined as the time from entering the room until loss of consciousness occurred). After the induction, the anesthesiologist was asked to rate his own situational anxiety (STAI) level and to complete a questionnaire rating the helpfulness of the parents.
Day of Surgery, Recovery Room. Incidence of adverse effects, time to discharge, sedative requirements, time to first voiding and amount of fluid intake was recorded. Parents also were asked to rate their helpfulness to the child during induction and their satisfaction with nursing, anesthesia, and surgical staff. The rating was done using a VAS scale that ranged from "not satisfied" (score of 0) to "extremely satisfied" (score of 100).
Two Weeks and Six Months after the Operation. The parent completed the PHBQ and returned it by mail. At 2 weeks after surgery, completed questionnaires were received from 78 subjects (92.8%) after three mailings. At 6 months, the response rate was 73.8% (62 of 84) after three mailings. To assess the "nonresponse bias," a sample of 33.3% (2 of 6) of parents who did not respond at 2 weeks and 22.7% (5 of 22) of parents who did not respond at 6 months were contacted by telephone and a PHBQ interview was conducted to ensure the validity of the results. The nonresponse PHBQ interview for 2 weeks and 6 months indicated that the nonresponders did not differ significantly from the responders either in the prevalence of behavioral changes or in the types of behavioral changes. Also, demographics of nonresponders was similar to that of the responders.
The sample size was based on a preliminary investigation and was calculated based on the YPAS anxiety score (61.8+/-21.8) of children with their parents absent. A 20% difference in the anxiety level (i.e., 49.5+/-17.5) between the intervention and control groups was considered clinically significant. A sample size of 42 subjects in each group was sufficient to detect a 20% difference in anxiety level with a power of 0.8 and an alpha of 0.05. Descriptive statistics provide an overview of the relationships between the child/parent/anesthesiologist variables, and the anxiety level of the child. Normal data are presented as mean+/-SD; skewed data as median and interquartile range (25%-75%). Differences between groups are examined using inferential statistics, including t tests (for an overall perspective on the likeness of intervention and control), Mann-Whitney U tests (i.e., for the case of skewed data), stepwise multiple regression (to determine which of the variables deemed relevant by the literature prove predictive based on our data), and analysis of variance with Tukey's procedure for multiple comparisons (to localize the effect when interactions were identified in the stepwise regression model).
To better understand whether certain children benefit from parental presence, we developed a stepwise multiple regression model to test for interaction effects between parental presence and several possible predictors of anxiety. The predictors that were considered included variables suggested in the literature and some acquired in our practice to affect the response of the child to parental presence during induction of anesthesia. After eliminating the statistically insignificant variables from the stepwise regression, we were left with three significant interactions. To localize the effects, we performed three two-factor analyses of variance with Tukey's procedure, using the child's anxiety (cortisol concentration) as the outcome, and parental presence as one factor. Owing to multiplicity of comparisons, significance was accepted at the 0.016 level for the analyses of variance. The post hoc Tukey's test has a correction built in to the algorithm to account for multiple comparisons.
Demographics and Univariate Analysis
Eighty-four subjects were entered into this study. There were no significant differences between the control (parent-absent) and intervention (parent-present) groups regarding demographics such as age or baseline temperament of the child or parent (Table 1). When the control group was compared to the intervention group there were no significant differences in any of the behavioral or physiologic measures tested in the holding area and during induction of anesthesia (Table 2). A detailed analysis for each one of the five YPAS anxiety categories failed to demonstrate any difference between the two groups. The cooperation of the control group and the intervention group as measured by a VAS also was similar (85 [67-91] vs. 89 [73-92], P = NS). All behavioral and physiologic anxiety ratings for the parents and the anesthesiologist in the preoperative holding area and during induction were likewise similar between the two groups (Table 3). The length of induction did not differ between the two groups (2.6+/-1.2 min vs. 2.8+/-0.9, p = NS). No anesthetic complications such as laryngospasm occurred during any of the inductions and no parent demonstrated disruptive behavior or refused to leave the induction suite. In the recovery room, incidence of nausea and vomiting (23% vs. 22%, P = NS), analgesic use (21% vs. 23%, P = NS), and time to discharge (62+/-14 min vs. 67+/-11, P = NS) was similar for the two groups. Finally, the PHBQ score 2 weeks after surgery (83+/-4 control vs. 83+/-7 intervention, P = NS), and 6 months after surgery (82+/-4 control vs. 83 +/-10 intervention, P = NS) also was similar between the two groups.
Predicting the Response to Parental Presence
To better understand whether certain children benefit from parental presence during induction, we developed a stepwise regression model to test for interaction effects between parental presence and several possible predictors of anxiety. The predictors that were considered included variables suggested in the literature and acquired in our clinical practice to affect the response of the child to parental presence during induction of anesthesia. Such variables include age and temperament of child, anxiety of the child at previous medical encounters and in the preoperative holding area, baseline and situational anxiety level of the parent in the preoperative holding area and during induction, and situational anxiety level of the anesthesiologist. Also, demographics such as socioeconomic status of the parent, birth order, number of siblings, enrollment in day care, and experience of the parents with previous anesthetics were considered.
After extraneous variables were eliminated from the model with child's serum cortisol concentration as the outcome, interactions were identified between parental presence and each of the following three predictors: child's age (T = -4.07, P = 0.001, R2= 0.23), baseline anxiety level of the parent (T = 3.04, P = 0.004, R2= 0.18), and baseline temperament (EASI-activity; T = 2.54, P = 0.014, R2= 0.15). The three interactions had a multiple R2of 0.41 (F = 3.7, P = 0.004). Analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc procedure was then used to localize the effect in these three cases. Results of these analyses demonstrated that serum cortisol concentration was lower in the presence of their parents for children who had a parent with low trait anxiety (lower 25% of the STAI; 71+/-8 micro gram/ml vs. 116+/- 18 micro gram/ml, adjusted Tukey's P = 0.02), or children who had a low baseline level of activity (lower 25% of the EASI-activity; 69+/- 7 micro gram/ml vs. 105+/-14 micro gram/ml, adjusted Tukey's P = 0.05). Similarly, children older than 4 yr age had lower serum cortisol concentration in the presence of their parents during induction (70 +/-5 micro gram/ml vs. 131+/-22 micro gram/ml, adjusted Tukey's P = 0.001). In contrast, there was a trend in children younger than 4 yr toward having higher serum cortisol concentrations if their parent was present (96+/-32 micro gram/ml vs. 77+/-26 micro gram/ml; unadjusted P = 0.049, adjusted Tukey's P = 0.42).
Opinions about Parental Presence
The parents and the anesthesiologist expressed different opinions about how helpful the parents were during the induction. While most parents thought their presence made the anesthesiologist's job easier (68%), the anesthesiologist believed this to be the case only 31% of the time. Similarly, while most (90%) parents rated themselves as being helpful to their child, the anesthesiologist rated only a minority as being helpful (12%). The overwhelming majority of parents (98%) present during induction indicated that if their child needed surgery again, they would like to be present during the induction. Parent's satisfaction with the anesthesiologist (80+/-41 control vs. 88+/-34 intervention), nursing (87+/-34 vs. 90+/-30), and overall preoperative care (91+/-31 vs. 90+/-33) did not differ between the intervention and control groups.
This study demonstrates that only children who were older than 4 yr, had a parent with a low trait anxiety level or a low baseline level of activity as assessed by temperament ratings benefited from parental presence during induction of anesthesia. In contrast, there was a trend among children younger than 4 yr to be more anxious during induction in the presence of their parent. We also have demonstrated that routine parental presence during induction of anesthesia can occur without affecting the length or the safety of the induction.
We found that children with low baseline activity, as measured by the EASI Temperament Scale, were less anxious with their parent present during induction of anesthesia. Baseline temperament characteristics can be used to predict how a child will respond emotionally in a stressful situation, for example, children who are shy or inhibited tend to become anxious in novel settings with an adrenocortical response and elevated heart rate as biologic correlates. Kagan et al. found that inhibited children with consistently high cortisol levels exhibited somatic and behavioral signs associated with anxiety states, including gastrointestinal distress, nightmares, and separation fears. Although there are few studies examining the link between these temperament traits and anxiety in children, it may be that children who are more anxious, shy, or inhibited are more vulnerable to stressful events, so having a parent present during induction of anesthesia provides emotional support or stability for this type of child.
The younger child does not necessarily have the cognitive capacity to anticipate potential dangers or painful situations during the induction, whereas the older child may anticipate pain and the fear of "going to sleep." Older children may rely on a number of coping strategies including verbal questioning and cognitive mastery (e.g., learning about heart monitors or about what surgeons do) to mediate their anxiety, whereas younger children are generally more dependent during times of extreme distress on adults' comforting interventions. [14-16]It also may be that for younger children, having their parent present but unable to intervene and protect them is, in and of itself, too novel and stressful and thus, not beneficial.
Bevan et al. reported that children of anxious parents were more anxious by having a parent present during induction of anesthesia than if they were separated. Parental anxiety mediates children's response to stressful situations such as induction of anesthesia. Parents may act as stress reducers for their children, however, parents who are themselves more anxious in a given situation are less available to respond to their child's needs and his or her signals of increasing distress. Indeed, in these instances, children's distress may further compound parental anxiety, thus rendering the parent increasingly less able to respond effectively. Parental trait anxiety may therefore be associated with increased child's anxiety during induction of anesthesia.
Preschool children are old enough to appreciate the unfamiliar environment of the operating room and the separation from their parents. Their ability to cognitively process aspects of psychological preoperative preparation and develop effective coping strategies for dealing with their anxiety about the surgery, however, is still limited. Parental presence during induction of anesthesia has been suggested as one of the behavioral solutions for this problem. Although early studies suggested reduced anxiety and increased cooperation if parents were present during induction, more recent investigations indicate that parental presence may not always be beneficial. [3,4]Furthermore, a recent preliminary report found less anxiety in preschool and school-aged children who were not accompanied by a parent during induction. Some of these contradictory results may be explained by the methodological complexity of this issue. Confounding variables such as a child's previous hospitalization or surgery, type of anesthesia induction (mask vs. intravenous), location of induction (operating room versus induction room) and the number of anesthesiologists participating in the study must be controlled. Other variables such as baseline anxiety and the interactions between the child, parent, and anesthesiologist should be considered. Evaluating the effectiveness of parental presence as an intervention to reduce anxiety also has been hindered by the absence of a statistically valid structured instrument for assessing anxiety, such as the YPAS used in the current study. Studies have been further limited by the absence of physiologic anxiety markers such as serum cortisol concentration.
In addition to validated behavioral measures, physiologic measures such as serum cortisol concentration, heart rate, and blood pressure were incorporated to evaluate the anxiety of the children and their parents. Numerous studies have demonstrated that acute psychological stress, including preoperative anxiety, is associated with increased serum cortisol concentrations. [18,19]This measure also has been used extensively to study the psychological reactions of pilots to flight stressors such as flying high-performance aircraft and crew workload and landing. [20,21]Ideally, the cortisol measure should be the change between baseline plasma concentrations and postinduction rather than a single value. Appropriate baseline plasma levels must be obtained in a relatively low stress atmosphere, such as at the patient's home several days before surgery. Because of logistical limitations this was not done.
Although a previous study suggested that parental presence may result in prolonged induction of anesthesia, this was not the case in our study. We have shown that routine parental presence during induction of anesthesia can exist without affecting the length or safety of induction or the stress level of the anesthesiologist. This suggests that this intervention, if adopted for a selective patient population, can be used effectively in a busy practice setting.
It is important to note several important methodological issues that may limit the applicability of the results of this study to routine clinical practice. First, a single anesthesiologist administered all the anesthetics. Second, all children and their parents underwent a preoperative preparation program (see Methods) and it is possible that this program combined with a caring anesthesiologist minimized preoperative anxiety sufficiently to obviate the benefits of parental involvement. Third, all children in this study were not premedicated. Because all these variables may affect the response of the child to induction of anesthesia, the conclusions from the study should be received with caution. Finally, currently there is no "gold standard" to measure preoperative anxiety and therefore comparisons or correlations used to assess the validity of the behavioral instruments measure congruence between different tests rather than real validity. Although we have made every effort to use validated instruments to measure anxiety during induction of anesthesia, we must realize that this a limitation of the study and its conclusions. Ideally, all evaluators should be masked and unaware to the presence or absence of the parent. Surrogates could not be used because the children obviously would recognize their parents and their behavior would indicate to the evaluator the presence or absence of the parent. In addition, because the parents were an integral part of the induction we were unable to completely isolate the children from their parents while we were videotaping the induction.
In our study, parental presence was not associated with a decreased incidence of later behavioral problems. This is hardly surprising because of the short hospital exposure of our subjects. Previous investigators studied the potential value of parental presence on the emergence of negative behavioral responses and concluded that this intervention did not affect later behavioral outcomes. [1,3,23,24].
In conclusion, this investigation demonstrates that parental presence during induction of anesthesia is beneficial only to some children, and the individual child, parent, and anesthesiologist should be considered whenever the question of parental presence arises.
Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, Impulsivity (EASI). Instrument of child temperament. Temperament refers to individual patterns of behaviors and responses to daily events and is closely akin to "personality" in adults. This instrument includes 20 items in four behavioral categories: emotionality, activity, sociability, and impulsivity. The ratings are made by the mother on a 5-point scale, and a score ranges from 5 to 25 for each category with higher scores indicating higher baseline emotionality, activity, sociability, or impulsivity. The instrument has good validity (r = 0.77) when compared against other measures of temperament for preschool children. [25,26]Test-retest reliability of the EASI was 0.83 when mothers were rating their preschool children on adjacent months. [25,26].
Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (YPAS). This observational measure of preoperative anxiety was developed and validated in an investigation involving 58 preschool children. The YPAS consists of 27 items in five categories of behavior indicating anxiety in young children (Activity, Emotional expressivity, State of arousal, Vocalization, and Use of parents). Using Kappa statistics, all YPAS categories have been demonstrated to have good to excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability (0.73-0.91), and when validated against other global behavioral measures of anxiety, the YPAS had good validity (r = 0.64). The 'adjusted YPAS total score' ranges from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ). This questionnaire for parents is designed to evaluate behavioral responses and "developmental regression" in children after hospitalization or surgery. Developmental regression refers to loss of previously gained developmental milestones (e.g. loses bladder control, loses previously gained language abilities--talks "baby talk"). The PHBQ consists of 27 items frequently cited in the literature as common behavioral responses of children after surgery or hospitalization. For each item, parents rated the extent to which each behavior changed in frequency as compared to before surgery. A summary score was calculated equivalent to the total of all negative behavioral responses. This instrument shows good agreement with psychiatric interviews with parents of preschool children (r = 0.47), and was used in several investigations to document behavioral changes as a function of preoperative interventions. [7,27,28].
Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS). This scale was administered by the observers at the point of separation into the operating room. The child's anxiety is rated on a 6-point scale, ranging from "relaxed, smiling. . ." (score = 0) to "out of contact with reality. . .general loud crying. . ." (score = 5). [8,9]On a sample of 26 preschool children, interrater reliability of the CARS was reported to exceed 0.80, and when compared to other measures of anxiety the CARS had good validity (r = 0.85). .
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). This is a widely used self-report instrument that estimates situational and baseline anxiety in adults on the basis of responses to 40 statements.* Parents were asked to respond on a 4-point scale, total scores for situational and baseline questions separately range from 20 to 80 with higher scores denoting higher levels of anxiety. Test-retest correlations for the STAI were high (range 0.73-0.86). The reliability data are based on three groups of college students. The students retested after 1 h were exposed to the following experimental conditions: a brief period of relaxation training, a difficult intelligence quotient test, and a film depicting several accidents that resulted in serious injury.** Validity was examined in two studies in which the STAI was given under high- and low-stress conditions to large samples of students. The r value ranged from 0.83 to 0.94, suggesting very good construct (whether or not a scale accurately measures the construct its intended to measure) validity.*
Visual Analog Scale (VAS). This scale is widely used as both a self-report and observational measure of anxiety. [10,11]The VAS rating system consists of a 100-mm line that represents two behavioral extremes at either end of the continuum, i.e., "not anxious" (score of 0) and "extremely anxious" (score of 100). The degree of anxiety felt or observed is indicated by putting a cross over the line at the point that represents current anxiety level. For the purpose of this study, the VAS was used as an observational measure to rate the children and as a self-report measure for the parents. Test-retest reliability of the VAS range from 0.61 to 0.73 when measured on adjacent days. [11,29]Also, when used to measure anxiety, the VAS has good validity against a self-rating depression scale (r = 0.64-0.67). .
The authors thank Paul G. Barash, M.D., for critical review of the manuscript, and Lee Fleisher, M.D., and Stanley Rosenbaum, M.D. for help in the analysis of the Holter tapes.
*Spielberger CD: Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI: Form Y). Palo Alto, Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983.


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Wyoming Governor Issues Statement On COVID-19 Deaths
Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon on Monday issued a statement on the recent death of a member of the Northern Arapahoe tribe from COVID-19, as well as the addition of two earlier Wyoming deaths to the coronavirus death toll:
“The recent death of a member of the Northern Arapaho tribe and the two additional deaths that occurred in March and April are sad reminders of the serious, ongoing impact of COVID-19. My thoughts are with each of these individuals’ families. I want to urge all Wyoming residents to continue taking the necessary steps to minimize the spread of this virus.”
As of Monday, the Wyoming death toll from coronavirus stood at ten people.
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domain: news


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Showing school spirit was not a popular thing at Estancia High School. Of course there were always a handful of people, but it wasn’t too popular to participate. Most of the time, students didn’t even know about most events. However, this year has changed. Estancia students have been showing more school spirit and participate more than the previous few years. As there has now been more people showing up for events and dressing up than the previous 2 years.
It seems that most school spirit, such as going to sporting events, dressing up for spirit week, and participating in general, has gone up especially in the upperclassmen. When one goes to a sporting event, such as football, the stands are filled with juniors and especially seniors. “There’s been a lot more people at the footballs than ever before like last year it was just band and some parents,” said Daisy Salinas, an Estancia senior. They’re usually dressed in whatever color the spirit day is or are wearing school colors. During the homecoming assembly, on October 11th, there was lots of cheering and lots of people dressed in their blue and white.
School spirit has become much more popular at Estancia because students are more involved. Many people in ASB, clubs, and sports are always posting online about, not only their events, but other events happening related to the school. The club instagram accounts post a wide variety of events such as sports, spirit day themes, and events related to the arts department. Since more people are joining clubs because their friends are in it or started it, those accounts have a pretty good following. This trend seems to make many people aware of things, which causes them to participate more.
Social media and communication between the students sparked the beginning of high school spirit at Estancia, and it will hopefully stay throughout the school year.
Reporter: Viviana Arroyo


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Idea of the Day: Americans Should Get Behind the Federal Housing Administration
For close to 80 years the Federal Housing Administration has helped millions of working-class families achieve homeownership and has promoted stability in the U.S. housing market—all at no cost to taxpayers. The government-run mortgage insurer is a critical part of our economy, helping first-time homebuyers and other low-wealth borrowers access the long-term, low down-payment loans they need to afford a home.
More recently, the agency prevented a complete collapse in the housing market, likely saving us from a double-dip recession. As private investors retreated from the mortgage business in the wake of the worst housing crisis since the Great Depression, the Federal Housing Administration increased its insurance activity to keep money flowing into the market. Without the agency’s support, it would have been much more difficult for middle-class families to get a home loan since the crisis began. Home prices would have plummeted even further, households would have lost much more wealth than they already did during the crisis, and even more families would have lost their homes to foreclosure.
But the agency was not immune to the housing crisis. Today it faces mounting losses on loans that originated as the market was in a freefall. Housing markets across the United States appear to be on the mend, but if that recovery slows, the agency may soon require support from taxpayers for the first time in its history.
If that were to happen, any financial support would be a good investment for taxpayers. Over the past four years, the Federal Housing Administration’s efforts saved families billions of dollars in home equity (a 25-percent drop in home prices translates to about $3 trillion in lost property values today), kept interest rates from skyrocketing (and with them monthly mortgage payments), and helped millions of workers keep their jobs. Any support would amount to a tiny fraction of the agency’s contribution to our economy in recent years.
For more on this topic, please see:
- The Federal Housing Administration Saved the Housing Market by John Griffith
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Nitin has a huge crush on Shruti Haasan
Young actor Nitn has confessed his feelings for Shruti Haasan. Nitin who was the special guest for Shruti’s upcoming film Pooja audio launch, grabbed the opportunity and expressed his feelings for the glamorous diva.
Nitin said, “I must confess I have a huge crush on Shruti Haasan. She is a terrific actress.”
Pooja is the dubbed version of Tamil film Poojai with Vishal in the lead role. The audio launch event was held at Chennai. Hari who has directed films like Saamy, Aaru, Yamudu and many more is directing this power packed entertainer. The makers claim it to be a 100 percent commercial action entertainer.

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text:
Have yourself a beary merry Christmas
In two months time I have to send my Christmas card around, so when I enter at a challenge I try to give my card a Christmas theme.
This time I use the sweet Candy Cane lane designer paper, the Cookie Cutter Builder punch and Cookie Cutter Christmas stampset, all from Stamin Up.
The basic card is from cherry cobbler cardstock and whispering white.
I stamped the bear with crumb cake ink from SU and the little bow with the cherry cobbler marker.
Under the bear a few rounds of linnen thread, which I stappled to the paper. The bear itself is sticked on the paper with foamtape.
With this card I enter at SUO challenges #159 Holliday papers en Case this sketch #194

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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Tim Lincecum has tweaked his delivery, altered his workload between starts, changed his diet, and even his hair, trying just about anything in recent years to rediscover his old Cy Young form.
LAS VEGAS (AP) - When Mike Brown first got into coaching in the early 1990s, veteran Bernie Bickerstaff would pull him aside for little chats on climbing the ladder in the NBA. One lesson stood out more than any other.
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Emirates Team New Zealand overcame the loss of its jib early in the race and routed Italy's Luna Rossa on Sunday in just their second head-to-head matchup in the America's Cup challenger series.
GULLANE, Scotland (AP) - His coach was all business before the round. His caddie was in tears afterward. Only Phil Mickelson seemed to know how many magical moments he was capable of unfurling in between.
ANAHEIM (AP) - Albert Pujols, Erick Aybar and Mike Trout each homered, Jered Weaver extended his scoreless-innings streak against Oakland to 24 2-3, and the Los Angeles Angels came out of the All-Star break with a 4-1 victory over the Athletics on Friday night.
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Chad Gaudin struck out eight in seven scoreless innings to build on his impressive monthlong stretch, All-Star Buster Posey hit an RBI double, and the San Francisco Giants beat the first-place Arizona Diamondbacks 2-0 on Friday night.


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A haven for outdoor enthusiasts! Situated within beautiful surroundings with many outdoor activities available nearby.
Dating back to the 17th century, this barn conversion is set on a 100-acre, family-run working arable and livestock farm, alongside four other properties, just a few miles from Whitchurch. It has been lovingly and thoughtfully converted to offer very welcoming holiday accommodation, retaining many original features including exposed oak beams and trusses. The barn shares a multi-sports court for mini tennis, badminton and football, as well as a fantastic indoor heated swimming pool. The shared swimming pool is available for exclusive use for the five barns on-site and booking slots are available throughout the day, booked on your arrival. The swimming pool is open all year round but opening times may vary. A woodland picnic area lies a short walk away from your barn and there is a fantastic enclosed toddler play area available for children under 6 years. Walkers can explore the Shropshire Union Canal, just 5 minutes away, and the Shropshire Way footpath runs through the farm, while coarse fishing is less than 5 miles and horse riding 1½ miles away. For cyclists, the Mercian Cycle Path runs past the farm. Whilst the barns enjoy a peaceful rural setting, they are still very close to amenities. Whitchurch is approximately 2½ miles away, the delightful market town has many splendid buildings from medieval, Tudor and Georgian times, all dominated by St. Alkmund’s Church. Internationally renowned for its clock production dating back to the 1650s, Whitchurch is known as ’the Home of Tower Clocks’, and a fine example can be seen on one of the barns. There are many excellent shops, pubs and restaurants in the town which is perfectly placed for touring all of Shropshire, North Wales and Cheshire. Attractions close by include Ellesmere with its beautiful lakes, 11 miles, a variety of National Trust mansions and gardens, and the historical city of Chester with its excellent shopping and famous races, 25 miles, with the Blue Planet Aquarium close by. Chester Zoo, as seen on TV’s ’Secret Life of a Zoo’, is only 30 minutes away and is one of Europe’s largest zoos, helping endangered animals from all over the world. Other places of interest include Hawkstone Follies, Cheshire Ice Cream Farm, RAF Cosford, Fenn’s and Whixall Mosses, and the incredible Ironbridge Gorge. Shop and restaurant 2 miles, pub approx 1 mile.
Ground floor: Living/dining room with wooden floor. Kitchen with beams and breakfast area. First floor: 3 bedrooms: 1 double with en-suite bathroom with shower over bath and toilet (also accessed from landing), 1 twin, 1 single. All rooms with beams. Maximum occupancy 5 guests and 1 infant.
Oil central heating, electricity, bed linen and towels included. 2 travel cots. 2 high chairs. Two Freeview TVs. DVD. Stereo/CD. Electric cooker. Microwave. Washing machine. Shared coin-operated tumble dryer in utility room. Dishwasher. Fridge/freezer. Wi-fi. Enclosed garden with patio, sitting-out area and furniture. Shared barbecue. Shared 100-acre natural grounds. Cycle store. Parking (3 cars). Shared indoor heated swimming pool (7.5m x 3.5m, depth 1.2m), open 10am to 5pm all year, times vary. Shared mini tennis court. No smoking. Please note: A maximum of 1 infant can be booked at any time. Fenced pond in grounds, 50 yards. This property has a security deposit of £150.
Maximum occupancy at all times 5 persons and no more than 1 infant per booking accepted, additional guests are not permitted. There is no room for additional cots. There is a Security deposit of £150 payable at least 7 days prior to arrival and returned within 7 working days of departure. There is a fenced pond in the grounds, 50 yards from property. Up to one dog only.


Yasmina Reza’s play Art, about three friends whose closeness is threatened when one of them spends a fortune on an entirely white painting, offered audiences a series of packaged talking points (Does objective taste exist? What is art?) for their post-theatre meal. Ruben Östlund’s film The Square, which won the Palme d’Or at Cannes last year, serves the same function. Before the first scene is over, the Stockholm curator Christian (Claes Bang), a vision of metropolitan spiffiness in his red-framed glasses, has already wondered whether an ordinary bag placed in a gallery would qualify as art. In his current exhibition is a room filled with piles of gravel. A visitor pokes his head in, decides there’s nothing worth investigating, then leaves. We’ve all done it.
Like the canvas in Reza’s play, there is a catalyst for disorder here: the blue neon square set into the gallery’s courtyard. It is conceived as “a sanctuary of trust and caring” but its arrival throws everyone’s behaviour into sharp relief. A woman screams for help as she is pursued by an unseen aggressor, prompting everyone around her to become more than usually engrossed in their phones. Charity workers ask commuters whether they would like to save a human life, only to be given the brush-off. Christian’s relationship with poverty is squeamish. He buys a sandwich for a homeless woman. “No onions,” she says. “Pick them out yourself,” he snaps, incredulous to find that beggars can also be choosers.
His downfall, which starts after he hatches a cockamamie scheme to retrieve his stolen wallet and phone by leafleting the housing estate where he believes the thieves are hiding, is the thread on which the film’s provocative episodes are hung. Each one, such as the gallery chef flying into a rage because no one wants to hear about his balsamic reduction, shows how little distance there is between the civilised and the primitive. A series of simian guest stars, real and pretend, make cameo appearances to hammer home the point that we are all still animals, no matter how many private views we attend. These include the performance artist Oleg (Terry Notary), whose confrontational appearance imitating an ape at a black-tie dinner – not just scene-stealing but film-stealing – exposes the instincts of the herd to conform, even if that means ignoring violence taking place at the next table.
That sequence crystallises ideas that in other parts of the film feel distinctly wishy-washy. Jibes about pretentious artists (a cameo from Dominic West) or crass advertising executives smack of the contrived bugbears of clickbait columnists – what next, jokes about quinoa served on slates? And a section of the film about a bad-taste campaign to promote the neon square will seem penetrating only to viewers who have never considered that ad agencies might stir up controversy for publicity purposes.
Östlund is sharper when he focuses on the discord beneath everyday social interactions, using sound and camerawork to disrupt supposedly simple scenes. He prefers when shooting a conversation, for instance, to linger too long on one participant, rather than cutting back and forth between them, so that we begin to interrogate and mistrust the face we’re looking at. Stand-offs between Christian and the journalist Anne (Elisabeth Moss), including an excruciating argument over a condom, show this technique at its most blissfully torturous.
He is a director who is never more comfortable than when he is making audiences squirm, as he did in Force Majeure, in which a man neglects his family but not his phone when fleeing danger. But the situation in The Square, which escalates to the point where Christian must ignore a child’s suffering in order to safeguard his own existence, would have greater moral force if the film showed any interest in its poorer characters as something other than lightning rods for middle-class complacency.
The Square is undeniably entertaining, though its lasting use may be to demonstrate that movies can have the same effect as popping a coin in the collecting tin. Having seen the film, you can rest easy knowing you’ve already given. You’ve done your guilt for this week.
The Square (15)
dir: Ruben Östlund
This article appears in the 14 Mar 2018 issue of the New Statesman, Putin’s spy game


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At heart, the works are landscapes, although not all may appear to be so at first. They are simplified views of our natural world, geographically ambiguous in their abstracted state. The uncertainty of location is at once mysterious and inviting. I feel connected to these places that are anywhere and everywhere, and that connection feels like home.
The compositions reflect my embrace of minimalism, and with each new body of work I gravitate toward ever increasing simplicity. That simplification cultivates comfort as it allows the mind to rest in an otherwise overstimulating world. Yet, the simplicity is deceptive. When closely engaged with each piece, hundreds of subtle hand sewn stitches emerge. The minimal landscapes may appear lonely and isolated, but evidence of deliberate labor in the stitching conjures an intimacy that suggests otherwise. The result is a simplified, abstracted landscape that is not cold, but rather provides a tender connection to an unknown location.
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domain: artistic


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CHILE - Spanish Course in Pichilemu
Minimum Stay: 2 weeks
Start dates: all year round
Price: from 2 weeks, 320 USD
SchoolOur Spanish school is located in the very center of Pichilemu at walking distance from the beach. Close to the school you will find a variety of cafés, restaurants, take aways and internet cafés.
The comfortable "patio" of the school and the nearby park invite to have lunch in the shade of the trees and the relaxing ambience invite to rest your mind after the Spanish classes. The class rooms of the Spanish school in Pichilemu are located on the third floor of a modern building. They offer an amazing view on the ocean, the headlands and the historic town center. The roof terrace is used as chill-out area and is equipped with sunbeds, chairs and tables. In the comfortable reception you will find an area for studying, having coffee, exchanging books and watching movies.
The Spanish school in Pichilemu was founded in 2005 with the objective of building a quality language school outside the capital Santiago de Chile. With its wonderful location at the seaside Pichilemu is indeed a very attractive alternative to the capital for learning Spanish. With South America Inside you can even combine your Spanish study in Santiago and Pichilemu. If you want to stay in both locations we are happy to arrange that for you.
The majority of the Spanish students come from North America, Australia, New Zealand and Europe. You will see that studying together with other globetrotters is even more fun!
The school also works as an English language learning facility for Chileans. The mixture of foreign language students and locals studying at the same school is conducive to cross-cultural exchanges and furthers your interest in the language of "the other".
CourseAll of our Spanish teachers hold a university degree and have a two year experience of teaching Spanish as a foreign language in average. Speaking, text writing and oral as well as textual understanding are taught using workbooks and through various exercise activities. The school combines different teaching methods and attaches a great importance on applying the acquired knowledge outside the classroom. While instructors know English they only speak Spanish during class. During coffee breaks, teachers encourage students to have conversations with their classmates in Spanish.
One big advantage of the school is that group sizes are small. Classes have a maximum of five students and are divided into five different levels (beginners up to advanced). Knowledge and understanding of Spanish are assessed through a small test taken on the first day of class. You have the possibility of booking private lessons or a special Spanish and surf course package.
The Spanish courses take place throughout the whole year and always begin on Mondays. Starting date and duration of the course can be fixed individually and there are no deadlines for inscription. Please keep in mind that you have to book a minimum of two weeks course.
Group Course: It consists of 15 lessons per week (60 minutes each) and has a maximum of five students in each class to guarantee individual attention and fast learning progress. A minimum of two students are necessary in order for the class to take place. Should this not be the case you will get 10 weekly lessons per week of Private Course.
Private Course: It consists of 15 one-on-one lessons per week (60 minutes each). In these lessons, the material is tailored to the student's abilities and expectations allowing the teacher to adapt each lesson to the student's individual learning speed and needs.
**Please note that the Private Course can be combined with the Group Course.
Spanish & Surf Course: Pichilemu offers you the unique opportunity to combine Spanish classes with a Surf Course. This beautiful beach town is very renowned for its perfect surf conditions (for beginners as much as for professionals). Our offer Spanish & Surf consists of twenty weekly Spanish lessons in the Group Course and five surf lessons per week. The instructors have a lot of experience in teaching surf. This package covers the surf equipment as well. Spanish lessons are taken in the morning and in the afternoon you can completely switch off on the surf board.
Spare time activities: Pichilemu offers a wide range of spare time activities from which you can choose to benefit a maximum from your stay. The Spanish school in Pichilemu can organize a lot of different activities as for example surf and kite courses. Beside the typical beach and water sports you can engage in other types of outdoor activities or discover Pichilemu's cultural offerings.At the weekend you can visit one of the world famous wineries or a national park; you can go horseback riding or take a trip to the famous town of Valparaiso, Viña del Mar or the country's capital Santiago. Besides, the school organizes yoga classes and can help you rent street and mountain bikes so you can discover the amazing surroundings on your own.
Being a hotspot of the international surf scene Pichilemu offers a great variety of nice bars, night clubs and restaurants. During the summer months from December to March Pichilemu hosts a number of famous surf competitions.
AccommodationThe best way to learn the language and the culture of your host country is to live with a local family. This is why we accommodate our Spanish students in Chilean host family during your stay in Pichilemu. The host families are carefully selected and commit to integrate their host in their daily life. Families host the student in a single room (double rooms available on request) and you have access to the common rooms of the house to share time with your host family.
The accommodation with a host family includes breakfast, lunch and a snack in the early evening. The families all live at walking distance to your language school.
VolunteeringIf you would like to put into practice your language achievements and fully immerse into the local culture you can book your Spanish classes in combination with a volunteer work. As volunteer you get the opportunity to assist teachers in local public schools in preparing and giving English classes (you will obviously not only speak English). You can volunteer for up to twenty hours per week, from Monday to Friday. A minimum of three months volunteer work and a minimum booking of three weeks Spanish course are conditions for participating in this program.
Help to care for abandoned dogs and cats that have been rescued from the streets of Santiago. Volunteers are urgently needed!
Santiago de Chile
Social commitment is in great demand! Experience a different side of life in Latin America and help giving hope to some people!
Enrolment fee 65 USD. Check-in accommodation the sunday before the course starts, check-out on Saturday after the course has ended (extra days can be booked).
No classes on National Holidays: 2013, Jan 01, Mar 29, May 01,May 21,Jun 29, Aug 15, Sept 18 - 20, Oct 31, Nov 01, Dec 25.
For volunteer positions please see the information about Volunteer Placements in Chile...
- Orientation kit
- Local support
- 24h-Emergency Number
- Free internet access at school
- Quality Spanish Course
- Teaching material
- Evaluation test
- Refreshments, coffee and tea at school
- Activity calendar
- Language Certificate
- Accommodation as booked
What’s not included:
- Medical Insurance
- Local Travels
LocationPichilemu is located 3.5 hours southeast from Chile's capital Santiago de Chile. The town is known for its deep huaso (cowboy) culture. However, it is most famous for its spectacular beaches with beginner to advanced surfing waves. In addition to surfing, guest can spend time mountain biking, kayaking, learning to kite surf, doing yoga, horseback riding, and visiting nearby farms, artisans, and wineries.
Pichilemu is still considered off the 'gringo trail'. It has primarily been a summer tourist resort for Chileans escaping inland heat in January and February. Consequentially, summer time is packed and off season allows many accommodation options. Pichilemu holds on to many cultural traditions rarely seen in other parts of Chile. Huaso (cowboy) culture is prominent: Cowboys in ponchos and square hats roam the dirt roads and school children often participate in traditional dance competitions called Cueca Dancing.Despite the deep "campesino" traditions, modern life is rapidly coming to Pichilemu. International big-wave surf competitions happen every year during the summer months and several regional and national surf competitions occur throughout the year.
Source: Google Maps
|Chile is truly a country like no other in South America. This long and narrow country embraces the Pacific Ocean on the coast to the east, squeezed by the Andes Mountains and Argentina to the west, and borders Bolivia and Peru to the northwest. Chile takes great pride in being the longest country in the world with an incredible length of 2,700 miles a width of only 115 miles. Due to the country’s vast length, a wide range of climatic zones and weather conditions exist with an average daily difference of thirty-eight degrees between northern Arica and southern Patagonia.
While the country’s total population adds up to about 16 million, almost 6 million or 40% of Chileans live in the country’s capital of Santiago. About 85% of the country's population live in urban areas, while an incredible 15% of the population are responsible for agricultural productions of oranges, avocados, flowers, melons and numerous other products. Moreover, the relatively small central valley around Santiago dominates the country in terms of agricultural resources.
If your Chilean travels take you outside the economic and cultural side of Chile, you will find landscape variety in forests, grazing lands, spectacular volcanoes, rocky and sandy coasts, and shimmering lakes. With a little extra local knowledge, you might be lucky to discover the labyrinth of fjords, beautiful inlets, remote islands and historic glaciers.
Chile’s most known attractions for adventurers and culture seekers alike are Easter Island, Robinson Crusoe Island, the southern region of Patagonia and famous Altiplano in the north. Further, within a two-hour radius from Santiago are spectacular beaches, glacial hiking, climbing, biking, surfing, wine tours and much more. From the world’s driest desert in the north, endless coastline in the west, majestic Andes in the east, smoking volcanoes, virgin forests, lakes, fjords, rivers and glaciers in the south, there is something for everybody in Chile.
The best time to travel to Chile depends greatly on what you hope to see and do. If your mission is to play hard in the southern region, the most accessible months to the backcountry of Patagonia are December through March. The months of November through February are fantastic for long days, hot, dry weather and empty city streets in central Chile. For skiers, along with rain in the city, snow begins to fill the mountains again from July through September. In northern Chile, the Atacama Desert is easily accessible all year. March is a general all around ideal month to explore Chile from north to south because this is the transition time from summer to the winter cold and rainy seasons.
We believe you’ll find Chileans are generally quiet but welcoming people. They are very proud of their amazing country and love to talk about its endless variety. The Chileans are very kind, helpful and will soon consider you to be their “amigo” so you will never feel lonely.


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At Sofitel, we understand the unbreakable bound between our guests and their mybeds. Therefore we vowed to never break this sacred link especially on a sunday morning or even during the week.
Because you deserve the happiness; we concocted a morning ritual with a breakfast in bed !
To add this offer to your stay please contact us HERE
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Serving up authentic Vietnamese cuisine, from our Saigon Beef Pho to our Signature Obama bowl (a modern presentation of a traditional dish, Bun Cha Hanoi) to our Braised Pho Brisket Sandwich, an unconventional Vietnamese sandwich that uses braised brisket in Pho spices that is served with a pho beef au jus.
We offer over 200 craft beer bottles/cans, 12 unique craft beer rotating on tap. Our cocktails are handcrafted using fresh, in house made ingredients. For non-alcoholic beverages, try B&B Vietnamese Coffee or house made lemon lime soda
Plus, we offer a dope vibe. From date night to group excursions, we’re a great spot for to parlay and enjoy yourselves. (No no, that’s not a Club Kama Sutra joke for all you locals in the know haha).
"You might not be able to go to Hanoi to slurp rice noodles with Anthony Bourdain and Barack Obama, but thanks to Banh Mi & Bottles, Tuan Phung's South Street restaurant, you won't need to travel far to enjoy Vietnamese flavors."
"But Center City-zens can nhow taste a solid rendition at Banh Mi & Bottles, the hybrid of craft beer bottleshop (with 370 great brews in the fridge) fused onto an ambitious cocktail bar and a traditional Vietnamese kitchen..."
"Scratch-made drinks and a distinguished draft list complement elegant takes on southeast asian fare including sticky tamarind wings and pho-spiced brisket banh mi."
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With nine total commitments, including five three stars and a trio of four stars, the Arizona State Sun Devils own the fifth-best 2018 recruiting class in the Pac-12, according to scout.com.
Class of 2018 Commits
- OLB Reggie Hughes (6-foot-2, 208 pounds) from Calabasas HS (California) committed on June 19. Ranks No. 20 OLB in the nation.
- RB Demetrious Flowers (5-foot-11, 200 pounds) from St. John Bosco HS (California) committed on June 20. Ranks No. 19 RB in the nation.
- S Elyjah Doyle (6-feet, 180 pounds) from Bishop Alemany HS (California) committed on June 3.
- CB Dominique Harrison (6-feet-185 pounds) from Blinn College (Texas) committed on May 16.
- RB Brock Sturges (5-foot-10, 200 pounds) from Allen HS (Texas) committed on June 9.
- WR Jalen Nailor (5-foot-11, 170 pounds) Bishop Gorman HS (Nevada) committed on July 22.
- DE Michael Matus (6-foot-2, 235 pounds) Katy HS (Texas) committed on July 10.
- LB Christian LaValle (6-foot, 204 pounds) Mission Viejo HS (California) committed on June 20.
- OL Hunter Mayginnes (6-foot-5, 318 pounds) Chandler HS (Arizona) committed on July 17.
2018 Class Headliners
Flowers, a four-star running back from California, passed up offers from Nebraska, UCLA, Oregon and San Diego State to play in maroon and gold. He gained 954 yards on the ground in his junior season while splitting time with two other 1,000-yard rushers.
Matus, a three-star from Texas, ran a nation-best 4.20 20-yard shuttle, according to ESPN. Also, apparently he can backflip.
@MichaelMatus91 Katy senior Michael Matus flips for football pic.twitter.com/jNs6Cnisxn— Leslie Plaza Johnson (@Geotropica) April 17, 2017
At 6-foot-2, 235 pounds, that type of athleticism will be needed on the Sun Devils’ defensive line.
Hughes, a four-star from California, is likely Arizona State’s most notable national commit, as he ranks as Scout’s No. 20 OLB in the nation. As an aggressive pass rusher, he racked up 19 sacks in his junior season. His near invincible force on the line can be seen here.
Making a splash in the Golden State
Five of Arizona State’s nine commits hail from California, and the Sun Devils have already beaten last year’s Golden State commitment total.
The Sun Devils added three commitments from California natives in 2017. Two of them were defensive backs from Long Beach City College, and the other, Alabama transfer Blake Barnett, is from Santiago, California.
With three four-star recruits in the class of 2018, each of them come from California.
New facility brings new talent
“Yes, it's going to impact recruiting. I don't see how it couldn't,” said Head Coach Todd Graham on the new Student Athlete Facility. “Young people are impressionable when it comes to that.”
Arizona State’s new Student Athlete Facility is a head-turning, football teaching, beautifully crafted recruiting machine that may not only woo future athletes to ASU, but create wins with its state-of-the-art equipment.
Thank you @donnieyantis for inviting me to go check out the new facility at Arizona State. Loved every bit of it! #ForksUp pic.twitter.com/f4VBm90XC0— Ralph Frias (@LoneWolf__54) July 22, 2017
Quality over quantity
Arizona State totaled 21 commits and had six commitments at this point in time in its 2017 class. The Sun Devils fished the recruiting process ranked No. 7 in the Pac-12 and No. 35 in the nation, according to scout.com.
With nine commits and three four stars already, the Sun Devils are off to a speedy start.
While ASU is on pace to beat last year’s total, the Sun Devils have less commitments than six Pac-12 schools, with UCLA having the most at 16. But the Sun Devils have shown less is more, as Colorado sits sixth in the Pac-12 with 14 commits and California and Arizona each have eight commits, but sit at seventh and eleventh place in the conference respectively.


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Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. indicated Tuesday that the Justice Department will take an aggressive approach in reviewing state laws believed to suppress voter participation.
Several states have enacted laws requiring state-issued voter identification or limiting opportunities for new voters to register that could disproportionately affect minorities, elderly or low-income residents. Voter ID requirements in Texas and South Carolina are under review as is a Florida law limiting early voting.
Other states are also looking to limit early voting procedures that allow voters to cast their ballots days or weeks ahead of Election Day. Regulations vary. In some states, voters can take their time to fill out ballots in the privacy of their homes and mail them in; in other states designated polling places are opened for those casting ballots in person prior to the general election.
In the last presidential election, 34 percent of voters cast ballots before Election Day, USA Today reported. But at least seven states Florida, Wisconsin, Georgia, Maine, Ohio, Tennessee and West Virginia have enacted restrictions that could reduce the number in 2012. A bill in North Carolina would reduce early voting from 16 days to 10 days.
The legislative moves may be a partisan attempt to frustrate potential Democratic supporters in the 2012 presidential election since Republicans control the legislature and governors office in all of the states except West Virginia. In Florida, nearly 3.3 million of the early voters were Democrats compared to about 810,000 Republicans in the 2008 election, when President Obama carried the state.
Ohio voters will weigh in on whether to restrict early voting after enough signatures were gathered on a petition to put on the November ballot a referendum repealing the states restrictions.
Attorney General Holder in his remarks Tuesday urged Americans to call on our political parties to resist temptation to suppress certain votes in the hope of attaining electoral success and, instead, achieve success by appealing to more voters. In a country with traditionally poor turnout, the states and parties should be looking for ways to increase voter turnout rather than limiting participation.

domain: sociology