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7 Habits of Highly Effective People
- Be Proactive
- Begin with the End in Mind
- Put First Things First
- Think Win-Win
- Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
- Sharpen the Saw
What habits do highly effective people have?
The book opens with an explanation of how many individuals who have achieved a high degree of outward success still find themselves struggling with an inner need for developing personal effectiveness and growing healthy relationships with other people.
Covey believes the way we see the world is entirely based on our own perceptions. In order to change a given situation, we must change ourselves, and in order to change ourselves, we must be able to change our perceptions.
In studying over 200 years of literature on the concept of “success,” Covey identified a very important change in the way that humans have defined success over time.
In earlier times, the foundation of success rested upon character ethic (things like integrity, humility, fidelity, temperance, courage, justice, patience, industry, simplicity, modesty, and the Golden Rule). But starting around the 1920s, the way people viewed success shifted to what Covey calls “personality ethic” (where success is a function of personality, public image, attitudes, and behaviors).
These days, people look for quick fixes. They see a successful person, team, or organization and ask, “How do you do it? Teach me your techniques!” But these “shortcuts” that we look for, hoping to save time and effort and still achieve the desired result, are simply band-aids that will yield short-term solutions. They don’t address the underlying condition.
“The way we see the problem is the problem,” Covey writes. We must allow ourselves to undergo paradigm shifts — to change ourselves fundamentally and not just alter our attitudes and behaviors on the surface level — in order to achieve true change.
That’s where the seven habits of highly effective people come in:
- Habits 1, 2, and 3 are focused on self-mastery and moving from dependence to independence.
- Habits 4, 5, and 6 are focused on developing teamwork, collaboration, and communication skills, and moving from independence to interdependence.
- Habit 7 is focused on continuous growth and improvement and embodies all the other habits.
1. Be Proactive
We’re in charge. We choose the scripts by which to live our lives. Use this self-awareness to be proactive and take responsibility for your choices.
The first habit that Covey discusses is being proactive. What distinguishes us as humans from all other animals is our inherent ability to examine our own character, to decide how to view ourselves and our situations, and to control our own effectiveness.
Put simply, in order to be effective one must be proactive.
Reactive people take a passive stance — they believe the world is happening to them. They say things like:
- “There’s nothing I can do.“
- “That’s just the way I am.“
They think the problem is “out there” — but that thought is the problem. Reactivity becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, and reactive people feel increasingly victimized and out of control.
Proactive people, however, recognize they have responsibility — or “response-ability,” which Covey defines as the ability to choose how you will respond to a given stimulus or situation.
In order to be proactive, we must focus on the Circle of Influence that lies within our Circle of Concern– in other words, we must work on the things we can do something about.
The positive energy we exert will cause our Circle of Influence to expand.
Reactive people, on the other hand, focus on things that are in their Circle of Concern but not in their Circle of Influence, which leads to blaming external factors, emanating negative energy, and causing their Circle of Influence to shrink.
Challenge yourself to test the principle of proactivity by doing the following:
1. Start replacing reactive language with proactive language.
Reactive = “He makes me so mad.”
Proactive = “I control my own feelings.”
2. Convert reactive tasks into proactive ones.
2. Begin with the End in Mind
Start with a clear destination in mind. Covey says we can use our imagination to develop a vision of what we want to become and use our conscience to decide what values will guide us.
Most of us find it rather easy to busy ourselves. We work hard to achieve victories — promotions, higher income, more recognition. But we don’t often stop to evaluate the meaning behind this busyness, behind these victories — we don’t ask ourselves if these things that we focus on so intently are what really matter to us.
Habit 2 suggests that, in everything we do, we should begin with the end in mind. Start with a clear destination. That way, we can make sure the steps we’re taking are in the right direction.
Covey emphasizes that our self-awareness empowers us to shape our own lives, instead of living our lives by default or based on the standards or preferences of others.
Beginning with the end in mind is also extremely important for businesses. Being a manager is about optimizing for efficiency. But being a leader is about setting the right strategic vision for your organization in the first place, and asking, “What are we trying to accomplish?”
Before we as individuals or organizations can start setting and achieving goals, we must be able to identify our values. This process may involve some rescripting to be able to assert our own personal values.
Rescripting, Covey explains, is recognizing ineffective scripts that have been written for you, and changing those scripts by proactively writing new ones that are built of your own values.
It is also important to identify our center. Whatever is at the center of our life will be the source of our security, guidance, wisdom, and power.
Our centers affect us fundamentally — they determine our daily decisions, actions, and motivations, as well as our interpretation of events.
However, Covey notes that none of these centers are optimal and that instead, we should strive to be principle-centered. We should identify the timeless, unchanging principles by which we must live our lives. This will give us the guidance that we need to align our behaviors with our beliefs and values.
Challenge yourself to test the principle of beginning with the end in mind by doing the following:
1. Visualize in rich detail your own funeral. Who is there? What are they saying about you? About how you lived your life? About the relationships you had? What do you want them to say? Think about how your priorities would change if you only had 30 more days to live. Start living by these priorities.
2. Break down different roles in your life — whether professional, personal, or community — and list three to five goals you want to achieve for each.
3. Define what scares you. Public speaking? Critical feedback after writing a book? Write down the worst-case scenario for your biggest fear, then visualize how you’ll handle this situation. Write down exactly how you’ll handle it.
3. Put First Things First
In order to manage ourselves effectively, we must put first things first. We must have the discipline to prioritize our day-to-day actions based on what is most important, not what is most urgent.
In Habit 2, we discussed the importance of determining our values and understanding what it is we are setting out to achieve. Habit 3 is about actually going after these goals, and executing on our priorities on a day-to-day, moment-to-moment basis.
In order to maintain the discipline and the focus to stay on track toward our goals, we need to have the willpower to do something when we don’t want to do it. We need to act according to our values rather than our desires or impulses at any given moment.
All activities can be categorized based on two factors: Urgent and important. Take a look at this time management matrix:
We react to urgent matters. We spend our time doing things that are not important. That means that we neglect Quadrant II, which is the actually most crucial of them all.
If we focus on Quadrant I and spend our time managing crises and problems, it keeps getting bigger and bigger until it consumes us. This leads to stress, burnout, and constantly putting out fires.
If we focus on Quadrant III, we spend most of our time reacting to matters that seem urgent, when the reality is their perceived urgency is based on the priorities and expectations of others. This leads to short-term focus, feeling out of control, and shallow or broken relationships.
If we focus on Quadrant IV, we are basically leading an irresponsible life. This often leads to getting fired from jobs and being highly dependent on others.
Quadrant II is at the heart of effective personal management. It deals with things like building relationships, long-term planning, exercising, preparation — all things we know we need to do but somehow seldom get around to actually doing because they don’t feel urgent.
In order to focus our time in Quadrant II, we have to learn how to say “no” to other activities, sometimes ones that seem urgent. We also need to be able to delegate effectively.
Plus, when we focus on Quadrant II, it means we’re thinking ahead, working on the roots, and preventing crises from happening in the first place! This helps us implement the Pareto Principle — 80% of your results come from 20% of your time.
We should always maintain a primary focus on relationships and results, and a secondary focus on time.
“Think effectiveness with people and efficiency with things.” -Stephen Covey
Here are some ways you can practice putting first things first:
1. Identify a Quadrant II activity you’ve been neglecting. Write it down and commit to implementing it.
2. Create your own time management matrix to start prioritizing.
3. Estimate how much time you spend in each quadrant. Then log your time over 3 days. How accurate was your estimate? How much time did you spend in Quadrant II (the most important quadrant)?
4. Think Win-Win
In order to establish effective interdependent relationships, we must commit to creating Win-Win situations that are mutually beneficial and satisfying to each party.
Covey explains that there are six paradigms of human interaction:
1. Win-Win: Both people win. Agreements or solutions are mutually beneficial and satisfying to both parties.
2. Win-Lose: “If I win, you lose.” Win-Lose people are prone to use position, power, credentials, and personality to get their way.
3. Lose-Win: “I lose, you win.” Lose-Win people are quick to please and appease, and seek strength from popularity or acceptance.
4. Lose-Lose: Both people lose. When two Win-Lose people get together — that is, when two, determined, stubborn, ego-invested individuals interact — the result will be Lose-Lose.
5. Win: People with the Win mentality don’t necessarily want someone else to lose — that’s irrelevant. What matters is that they get what they want.
6. Win-Win or No Deal: If you can’t reach an agreement that is mutually beneficial, there is no deal.
The best option is to create Win-Win situations. With Win-Lose, or Lose-Win, one person appears to get what he wants for the moment, but the results will negatively impact the relationship between those two people going forward.
The Win-Win or No Deal option is important to use as a backup. When we have No Deal as an option in our mind, it liberates us from needing to manipulate people and push our own agenda. We can be open and really try to understand the underlying issues.
In solving for Win-Win, we must consider two factors: Consideration and courage. Take a look at the following chart:
“To go for Win-Win, you not only have to be nice, you have to be courageous.” -Stephen Covey
Another important factor in solving for Win-Win situations is maintaining an Abundance Mentality, or the belief that there’s plenty out there for everyone.
Most people operate with the Scarcity Mentality — meaning they act as though everything is zero-sum (in other words, if you get it, I don’t). People with the Scarcity Mentality have a very hard time sharing recognition or credit and find it difficult to be genuinely happy about other people’s successes.
When it comes to interpersonal leadership, the more genuine our character is, the higher our level of proactivity; the more committed we are to Win-Win, the more powerful our influence will be.
To achieve Win-Win, keep the focus on results, not methods; on problems, not people.
Lastly, the spirit of Win-Win can’t survive in an environment of competition. As an organization, we need to align our reward system with our goals and values and have the systems in place to support Win-Win.
Get yourself to start thinking Win-Win with these challenges:
1. Think about an upcoming interaction where you’ll be attempting to reach an agreement or solution. Write down a list of what the other person is looking for. Next, write a list next to that of how you can make an offer to meet those needs.
2. Identify three important relationships in your life. Think about what you feel the balance is in each of those relationships. Do you give more than you take? Take more than you give? Write down 10 ways to always give more than you take with each one.
3. Deeply consider your own interaction tendencies. Are they Win-Lose? How does that affect your interactions with others? Can you identify the source of that approach? Determine whether or not this approach serves you well in your relationships. Write all of this down.
5. Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
Before we can offer advice, suggest solutions, or effectively interact with another person in any way, we must seek to deeply understand them and their perspective through empathic listening.
Let’s say you go to an optometrist and tell him that you’ve been having trouble seeing clearly, and he takes off his glasses, hands them to you and says, “Here, try these — they’ve been working for me for years!” You put them on, but they only make the problem worse. What are the chances you’d go back to that optometrist?
Unfortunately, we do the same thing in our everyday interactions with others. We prescribe a solution before we diagnose the problem. We don’t seek to deeply understand the problem first.
Habit 5 says that we must seek first to understand, then to be understood. In order to seek to understand, we must learn to listen.
We can’t simply use one technique to understand someone. In fact, if a person senses that we’re manipulating her, she will question our motives and will no longer feel safe opening up to us.
“You have to build the skills of empathic listening on a base of character that inspires openness and trust.” -Stephen Covey
To listen empathically requires a fundamental paradigm shift. We typically seek first to be understood. Most people listen with the intent to reply, not to understand. At any given moment, they’re either speaking or preparing to speak.
After all, Covey points out, communication experts estimate that:
- 10% of our communication is represented by our words
- 30% is represented by our sounds
- 60% is represented by our body language
When we listen autobiographically — in other words, with our own perspective as our frame of reference — we tend to respond in one of four ways:
1. Evaluate: Agree or disagree with what is said
2. Probe: Ask questions from our own frame of reference
3. Advise: Give counsel based on our own experience
4. Interpret: Try to figure out the person’s motives and behavior based on our own motives and behavior
But if we replace these types of response with empathic listening, we see dramatic results in improved communication. It takes time to make this shift, but it doesn’t take nearly as long to practice empathic listening as it does to back up and correct misunderstandings, or to live with unexpressed and unresolved problems only to have them surface later on.
The second part of Habit 5 is ” … then to be understood.” This is equally critical in achieving Win-Win solutions.
When we’re able to present our ideas clearly, and in the context of a deep understanding of the other person’s needs and concerns, we significantly increase the credibility of your ideas.
Here are a few ways to get yourself in the habit of seeking first to understand:
1. Next time you’re watching two people communicating, cover your ears and watch. What emotions are being communicated that might not come across through words alone? Was one person or the other more interested in the conversation? Write down what you noticed.
2. Next time you give a presentation, root it in empathy. Begin by describing the audience’s point of view in great detail. What problems are they facing? How is what you’re about to say offering a solution to their problems?
By understanding and valuing the differences in another person’s perspective, we have the opportunity to create synergy, which allows us to uncover new possibilities through openness and creativity.
The combination of all the other habits prepares us for Habit 6, which is the habit of synergy or “When one plus one equals three or more and the whole is great than the sum of its parts.”
For example, if you plant two plants close together, their roots will co-mingle and improve the quality of the soil, so that both plants will grow better than they would on their own.
Synergy allows us to create new alternatives and open new possibilities. It allows us as a group to collectively agree to ditch the old scripts and write new ones.
“Without doubt, you have to leave the comfort zone of base camp and confront an entirely new and unknown wilderness.” -Stephen Covey
So how can we introduce synergy to a given situation or environment? Start with habits 4 and 5 — you must think Win-Win and seek first to understand.
Once you have these in mind, you can pool your desires with those of the other person or group. And then you’re not on opposite sides of the problem — you’re together on one side, looking at the problem, understanding all the needs, and working to create a third alternative that will meet them.
What we end up with is not a transaction, but a transformation. Both sides get what they want, and they build their relationship in the process.
By putting forth a spirit of trust and safety, we will prompt others to become extremely open and feed on each other’s insights and ideas, creating synergy.
The real essence of synergy is valuing the differences — the mental, emotional, and psychological differences between people.
After all, if two people have the same opinion, one is unnecessary. When we become aware of someone’s different perspective, we can say, “Good! You see it differently! Help me see what you see.”
We seek first to understand, and then we find strength and utility in those different perspectives in order to create new possibilities and Win-Win results.
Synergy allows you to:
- Value the differences in other people as a way to expand your perspective
- Sidestep negative energy and look for the good in others
- Exercise courage in interdependent situations to be open and encourage others to be open
- Catalyze creativity and find a solution that will be better for everyone by looking for a third alternative
1. Make a list of people who irritate you. Now choose just one person. How are their views different? Put yourself in their shoes for one minute. Think and pretend how it feels to be them. Does this help you understand them better?
Now next time you’re in a disagreement with that person, try to understand their concerns and why they disagree with you. The better you can understand them, the easier it will be to change their mind — or change yours.
2. Make a list of people with whom you get along well. Now choose just one person. How are their views different? Now write down a situation where you had excellent teamwork and synergy. Why? What conditions were met to reach such fluidity in your interactions? How can you recreate those conditions again?
7. Sharpen the Saw
To be effective, we must devote the time to renewing ourselves physically, spiritually, mentally, and socially. Continuous renewal allows us to synergistically increase our ability to practice each habit.
Habit 7 is focused around renewal, or taking time to “sharpen the saw.” It surrounds all of the other habits and makes each one possible by preserving and enhancing your greatest asset — yourself.
There are four dimensions of our nature, and each must be exercised regularly, and in balanced ways:
Physical Dimension: The goal of continuous physical improvement is to exercise our body in a way that will enhance our capacity to work, adapt, and enjoy.
To renew ourselves physically, we must:
- Eat well
- Get sufficient rest and relaxation
- Exercise on a regular basis to build endurance, flexibility, and strength
Focusing on the physical dimension helps develop Habit 1 muscles of proactivity. We act based on the value of well-being instead of reacting to the forces that keep us from fitness.
Spiritual Dimension: The goal of renewing our spiritual self is to provide leadership to our life and reinforce your commitment to our value system.
To renew yourself spiritually, you can:
- Practice daily meditation
- Communicate with nature
- Immerse yourself in great literature or music
A focus on our spiritual dimension helps us practice Habit 2, as we continuously revise and commit ourselves to our values, so we can begin with the end in mind.
Mental Dimension: The goal of renewing our mental health is to continue expanding our mind.
To renew yourself mentally, you can:
- Read good literature
- Keep a journal of your thoughts, experiences, and insights
- Limit television watching to only those programs that enrich your life and mind
Focusing on our mental dimension helps us practice Habit 3 by managing ourselves effectively to maximize the use of our time and resources.
Social/Emotional Dimension: The goal of renewing ourselves socially is to develop meaningful relationships.
To renew yourself emotionally, you can:
- Seek to deeply understand other people
- Make contributions to meaningful projects that improve the lives of others
- Maintain an Abundance Mentality, and seek to help others find success
Renewing our social and emotional dimension helps us practice Habits 4, 5, and 6 by recognizing that Win-Win solutions do exist, seeking to understand others, and finding mutually beneficial third alternatives through synergy.
“Not a day goes by that we can’t at least serve one other human being by making deposits of unconditional love.” -Stephen Covey
courtesy : hubspot

domain: literature


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Still the iPhone 4S is the next best thing. It has all new guts: new chip, new camera, and new antennas. It just happens to look exactly like the iPhone 4. This makes the iPhone 4S unveiling today at Apple’s Corporate Campus feel a little like a non-event. That’s too bad, because I counted at least three important stories coming out of Cupertino today.
No, Sprint didn’t spend $20 billion to secure exclusive iPhone 5 rights, but it is now officially part of the Apple iPhone family, and that is big news. Apple was extra careful not to diminish current and longtime partners as it announced Sprint’s iPhone, so much so that Sprint was simply listed along with AT&T and Verizon.
Yes, Apple CEO Cook did say, “and for the first time, Sprint”. But that was it. It was so casual that some audience members I spoke to almost missed it.
Underplayed or not, a Sprint iPhone is big news. Sprint has 35 million postpaid customers, many of which I’m sure have always wanted an iPhone. When I asked on Twitter whether or not Sprint customers are excited about the iPhone 4S, I immediately got this response: “HELL YES. Free from Android.” Another told me her husband, who is on Sprint, was ready to go to the Apple store this morning. This is the definition of pent-up demand. As I’ve said before, Sprint customers do have other slab phone options (Android), but the cachet of an iPhone remains, and I bet Apple sells a boatload to Sprint customers.
Siri: The Intelligent Assistant
I’ve been looking at voice recognition technology since the early 1990s. Both IBM and Microsoft spent years integrating it with their operating systems (OS/2 had one of the most advanced voice systems I had ever seen—at least up until the mid-90s). However, both companies failed to stir up much enthusiasm for the technology among consumers. The truth was this: old-school voice recognition (VR) required tons of training, and most users gave up long before they ever started to get any value out of it.
Things started to change when Dragon Naturally Speaking came along in the late 90s. The product required little training and was remarkably accurate. Nuance now owns them and is generally known as a leader in VR. Still, voice recognition usually fails when it comes to understanding context. Siri, which uses Nuance’s VR technology, aptly breaks that barrier and, at least in the demos I saw, actually appears to understand what the speaker is saying.
Typical voice recognition demos rarely go as smoothly as Apple’s Siri demo went today. It was flawless and stunning. As Apple explained it, Siri understands “concepts”. If true, then Siri has a form of artificial intelligence. Here were some of the examples I saw of Siri in action:
Scott Forstall, senior vice president of iOS Software at Apple, asked Siri, “How many days are there until Christmas?" Siri quickly responded that she was checking and then she displayed an accurate result. Forestall then asked, “Give me directions to Hoover Tower" Siri replied,: "Here are directions to Hoover tower” and then it displayed the map.
In every instance, Siri showed off its deep integration with the phone and its native apps, including Maps, reminders, Calendar, Contacts and more.
We may soon forget that Apple failed to deliver an iPhone 5 on this day, but I doubt we’ll ever forget the first time we saw and heard Siri: The Intelligent Assistant in action.
Tim Cook took the stage and immediately noted that this was his first product announcement as CEO. Still, he didn’t seem nervous.
On the contrary, his near-country cadence was calm, even and, at times, mesmerizing. However, Cook wasn’t all that interested in the stage and ceded the platform to Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president of worldwide product marketing, for the lion’s share of major announcements. Cook handled where Apple is now and how it got here. He cracked a couple of jokes, but I don’t recall any Jobsian-style zingers. Cook did not pull a one-more thing out of his back pocket. No, he simply thanked us all for coming and then quietly left the stage.
Steve Jobs did not show up and Cook, smartly, did not try to be him. It’s the end of an era at Apple and, clearly, the beginning of a new one.

domain: news


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K.T. Walsh knew she lived on one of the oldest streets in Lawrence. But now when she looks up the 700 block of Rhode Island, she sees drunken raiders on horses storming in with torches. It gives her chills.
"It deepens the way I feel about my neighborhood," she said. "It's our story. It's our past."
A first-person account of Quantrill's 1863 raid from a past resident of the block was one of the historical finds of a special project researching homes in East Lawrence. Friday is the 129th anniversary of the raid, which occurred on a Friday.
Researchers dug into tax records, library files and newspaper obituaries to ferret out information needed to put 30 East Lawrence homes on the Lawrence Register of Historic Places.
The project harnessed the resources of local preservationists, the home owners, and a Kansas University architecture class.
The result is 30 completed applications for the register. Now, it's up to the property owners to submit the applications to the city's Historic Resources Commission for consideration.
THE RESEARCH filled out a picture of East Lawrence as an economically and ethnically mixed area before and after the turn of the century, said Barry Newton, the professor of the KU summer school class, named "Recording Historic Structures."
"There were a lot of diverse people living in a very eclectic group of houses," Newton said. "We felt as though we were looking into the core of the town."
More than 30 East Lawrence residents volunteered their homes for the project. Newton and his class picked the 30 homes with the best shot at the register.
During the summer, 10 students in the class pored through research materials and photographed the homes. They studied tax rolls, city directories and even social columns in local newspapers.
Obituaries were especially helpful, said Ted Schmitz, a student in the class.
"A LOT OF times, the obituary did more to explain what they died from," he said. "Somebody actually died from a boil. He lived in his house for 40 years. Every one was different."
To place a property on the register, an applicant must prove a property represents a particular architectural style, or is associated with a well-known person or important historical event.
The Lawrence register currently lists nine properties and a historic district comprising the east side of the 1000 block of Ohio and the west side of the 1000 block of Tennessee.
Walsh said she and other neighborhood residents were interested in East Lawrence's history for many years, but never mounted such an organized project.
"With Barry Newton's students doing the work . . . that was a great shot in the arm for the project," said Walsh, whose home at 732 R.I. was part of the project.
THE LAWRENCE Preservation Alliance and some Lawrence residents donated $2,200 to help pay student salaries and research costs.
Local attorney Arthur Anderson, who chairs the Lawrence Association of Neighborhoods and is restoring the Old English Lutheran Church at 1040 N.H., was among those donating to the project.
"When we became part of the neighborhood, we thought of raising funds for the project to help the neighborhood get a sense of identity," Anderson said.
The LPA's support also stemmed from a fear of encroaching development that could bulldoze portions of the historic neighborhood, LPA President Dennis Domer has said.
Building projects or demolitions taking place within 250 feet of a property listed on the local register trigger a review by the city's Historic Resources Commission, said Linda Finger, the city's historic resources administrator.
IF THE HRC determines the project is detrimental to the historic property, the group is empowered to deny the applicable city permits. The HRC's decision can be appealed to the Lawrence City Commission.
Changes to the structure itself also must be reviewed, Finger said.
The homeowners themselves must apply for the register.
"We're not interested in acting like some kind of broker," said Newton, who also chairs the HRC.
Newton said there was a possibility that his class would repeat the project next summer. LPA member Richard Kershenbaum said that as many as 250 homes in the neighborhood would be eligible for the register.
"We've really just scratched the surface," Kershenbaum said.


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Common wedding dress colors
We greet the guest! “Common wedding dress colors” can be studied and selected on our website. The original images we selected on this project for your study. Our images can be obtained on the iPad or computer without registration. We are trying to select for your attention only the best photos in the Russian Internet!

domain: design


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29 September 2011
Getting to Grips with the Curriculum
ColegauCymru / CollegesWales has responded to today’s announcement by the Deputy Minister for Skills of a Review of Qualifications for 14-19 year olds in Wales by organising a conference on qualifications on 2 February 2012 to feed into the consultation process.
Chief Executive of ColegauCymru / CollegesWales, John Graystone, said: “I am pleased that the national debate on qualifications, first encouraged by the Education Minister Leighton Andrews in February, now has a structure and we can all start to get to grips with the key issues over the coming year.
“I’m sure we all agree that what Wales needs is a simplified qualifications system that includes up-to-date, relevant general and vocational qualifications that are understood and valued by students, employers, entrepreneurs and universities. Progression from one level of learning to the next is particularly important, as well as preparing learners for the world of work.
“Fundamentally, we urgently need to raise literacy and numeracy across all ages. Literacy and numeracy rates are unacceptably low in Wales. We need a standard measure to assess learners’ starting point and to track progress. A single, common literacy test used in schools and by all post-16 learning providers would be a step in the right direction.
“Too many learners arrive at further education colleges with low literacy and numeracy levels and are consequently held back from enrolling on a higher level course until they have received enough additional support to raise them to the level required for entry onto a technical or academic course. Progression from one level of learning to the next must therefore be a focus of the Review of Qualifications – from basic skills through to higher education. Wales cannot afford for its 14-19 year old learners not to reach their potential.
“ColegauCymru / CollegesWales is keen to work closely with the team carrying out the Review of Qualifications and has already taken steps to organise a major conference on 2 February 2012 that will feed into the Review. A senior line-up of key speakers is being confirmed, including the Deputy Minister for Skills Jeff Cuthbert and Professor Alison Wolf who chaired the Review of Vocational Qualifications for the Government in England recently.”
Contact: Sylvia Davies on 029 2052 8384 or 07968 771913.
Notes to editors:
1. ColegauCymru / CollegesWales was previously known as fforwm. It is a national educational charity that represents all 20 further education (FE) colleges and institutions in Wales. Its mission is to raise the profile of further education with key decision-makers to improve opportunities for learners in Wales. For further information about ColegauCymru / CollegesWales, and the colleges it represents, visit www.colegaucymru.ac.uk or www.collegeswales.ac.uk
2. The Deputy Minister announced the Review of Qualifications on 29 September 2011 at a Business Skills meeting in Swansea. A Welsh Government press notice is here: http://wales.gov.uk/newsroom/educationandskills/2011/110929qualifications/?lang=en


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Gospel Singer Bahati has finally revealed the amount of money he injected in their new house.
Speaking in an interview on Radio Maisha, Bahati disclosed that he spent more than Sh10 million to put up his new house.
The house, which has been stocked with exquisite furnish and interior decor, has been a trending topic for days now after Bahati gifted his wife Diana Marua.
"Yeah ile nyumba ipo tu maneno Fulani ivi. Kule kuna cool air, weather. Ile Nyumba haishuki chini ya millioni kumi,'' Bahati claimed when he was asked where the house is located and the price.
After its completion, Marua was given a surprise tour before Bahati presented the house as a "small" gift.
He used it as an apology after the two were in an ugly fight that threatened their marriage.
"Blind folded and surprised her with a new nome; a fully furnished house - Don't cry mama Heaven it's just a small gift I bought to show you how much I Love you & our family,” the singer wrote as he gave fans a sneak peak of the house.
The two lovebirds star in their popular reality show Being Bahati alongside his ex-lover Yvette Obura.
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domain: celebrity


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Bring in the season with pumpkins, gourds, and squash arranged all around your home.
Photo: Laurey W. Glenn
For households with kids or with kids at heart, a spooky Halloween look can be achieved just as easily as the traditional look. Use small containers in a black or dark wood finish along with items such as horns, crooked sticks, and Spanish moss. The darker colors will help the bright orange pumpkins stand out.
A stark color contrast gives your mantel an animated, playful feel, and the branches and moss add height and dimension.

domain: artistic


text:
About Felicity Page
MA.Ed, BEd Hons, PGCE SpLD, AMBDA, PATOSS
I am a fully qualified, specialist dyslexia tutor, coach and assessor.
My experience of teaching spans the early years, primary and secondary phases of education, in both independent and local authority schools.
As an Associate Lecturer in Higher education, I have designed and taught undergraduate programmes including Primary English and supported HE students with research and study skills. I hold a valid DBS certificate for working with children and young people.
Challenges can emerge for students whose dyslexia has not been recognised at an early stage, and whose learning difference then becomes a learning difficulty.
There is no single dyslexic profile, and the characteristics and effects of dyslexia on one person can be different to the effects on another person. Human brains are not all wired in the same way, and this neurodiversity should be valued and nurtured.
Dyslexic individuals bring unique strengths, perspectives and ways of processing information. Many designers, entrepreneurs, architects, surgeons, engineers, carpenters, inventors, actors and others rely on their dyslexic strengths and exceptional talents.
Get in Touch
To find out more about any of my tutoring and coaching packages, please get in touch through the contact form below, or contact me directly.

domain: psychology


Posted by Matukewicz Furniture | August 28, 2021
Matukewicz lift systems are controlled by universal remote. This allows your TV Lift, television, and other components to each be operated by the same remote.
We now offer an optional upgraded universal remote with a color OLED Screen and dedicated icons for controlling your TV Lift and components (see images below). Optional programming can be created so that when the “on” button is pressed, the TV will raise and all components will turn on. Then, when the “off” button is pressed all components turn off and the TV is lowered.


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Other operations in North America
Toyota Canada Inc.
Toyota Canada Inc. (TCI) oversees Toyota, Lexus, and Scion sales, marketing, parts and service operations in Canada. TCI zone offices coordinate Toyota vehicle sales, parts, and services for dealerships in ten provinces and one of three territories. There are 247 Toyota, 37 Lexus and 88 Scion dealerships across Canada. Established in 1964, TCI is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario with zone offices in Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec.
Canadian Autoparts Toyota, Inc.
CAPTIN is responsible for die design, development and manufacturing of aluminum wheel products for Toyota. Established in 1983, CAPTIN has a manufacturing plant in Delta, British Columbia.
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada Inc.
Established in 1986, TMMC has manufacturing plants in Cambridge and in Woodstock, Ontario. The Cambridge plant builds the Corolla, Matrix and Lexus RX 350, and the Woodstock plant builds the RAV4, and RAV4 EV for the North American market. TMMC Cambridge is the only plant outside of Japan to produce Lexus vehicles. Production of the Lexus RX 450h begins in early 2014.
Toyota Credit Canada Inc.
TCCI provides wholesale and retail financial services for Toyota, Lexus, Hino and Subaru dealers and their customers across Canada. Established in 1990, TCI is headquartered in Markham, Ontario with branch offices in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec.
Cold Research Centre
Toyota’s first cold-weather facility outside of Japan, this Research and Development facility and the operation of Toyota products in sub-zero conditions. Built by TCI in 1998, this facility is located in Timmins, Ontario.
Hino Motors Canada, Ltd.
A consolidated subsidiary of Hino Motors in Japan, a subsidiary of Toyota. HMC assembles, markets and sells Hino light and medium-duty trucks in Canada. A Toyota Group company since 2001, HMC is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario with regional sales offices in Alberta and Quebec. In May 2006, Hino opened an assembly plant in Woodstock, Ontario.
Motor Sales de México, S. de R.L. de C.V.
Toyota Motor Sales de México is responsible for sales, marketing, distribution and service operations for Toyota vehicles in Mexico. There are currently 63 dealerships in Mexico. Toyota Motor Sales de México is headquartered in Mexico City and was established in 2001.
Toyota Financial Services México S.A. de C.V.
Toyota Financial Services México provides finance products to Toyota dealers and their customers. Toyota Financial Services México is headquartered in México City, México and began operation in 2002.
Toyota Motor Manufacturing de Baja California, S. de R.L. de C.V.
TMMBC builds Tacoma pickup trucks and Tacoma truck beds. The truck beds are used in production at TMMBC and at TMMTX. TMMBC was established in 2002 and has a manufacturing plant in Baja California, Mexico.
Toyota de Puerto Rico, Corp.
TDPR is responsible for the importation and distribution of Toyota, Lexus, and Scion vehicles. TDPR manages vehicle sales, parts and service operations, and brand marketing, among other functions. There are 24 Toyota dealerships (two located in the United States Virgin Islands), of which nine are authorized Scion dealers and two Lexus dealers. Established in 1994, TDPR is headquartered in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
To download a printable version of the North American Operations Map, click here.
All data as of December 2012.

domain: economics


text:
Top ten tips to help employees with depression
1. Keep them in the workforce. It’s not just apples that keep the doctor away – a dose of workforce participation helps too. However much we might complain about it at times, if you’ve ever had a period of enforced absence from work you’ll know that employment is good for your self esteem. Work helps us feel like productive members of society. It also gives us a reason to get out of bed in the morning! Work gives our days, weeks and years structure and fosters social interactions – and these are things that depression can undermine. Contrary to how depression might make an individual feel about heading into the factory or office, work is actually one of the best medicines around.
2. Be aware of the warning signs – and intervene sensitively. It can be easy for employers to perceive symptoms of depression as ‘slacking off,’ or ‘disinterest in being here’. But if a previously pleasant and enthusiastic worker starts showing up late, looking more tired and less well-groomed than they used to, snapping at coworkers and finding it difficult to concentrate, the reason might be depression. Instead of immediately disciplining workers who fit this profile, ask them how they’re going. Let them know that the organisation values their contribution and wants them to stay healthy and perform productively.
3. Listen. Sometimes, people just need to discuss their situation with a sympathetic listener. Supervisors, managers and employers are not mental health professionals and should not attempt to take on this role, but this doesn’t mean that they can’t listen. If an employee shares their distress it may be appropriate to suggest that they see a counsellor or psychologist. However it is also possible that a little bit of extra flexibility in the workplace during a difficult period is all that is required.
4. Be flexible and accommodating. Just like someone with a physical injury, a person with depression may require ongoing treatment. In some cases, reducing the number of hours or days worked per week may be appropriate. If a worker needs time away from the workplace to attend an appointment with a psychologist, counsellor or other mental health professional, don’t give them a hard time about it. Stress feeds depression and depression impacts productivity. Discouraging someone from receiving the treatment they need in order to get well is a counterproductive way of reducing lost time. Instead, ask what you can do to make your employee’s life easier: chances are you’ll speed up their recovery and generate a lot of goodwill.
5. Offer modified duties. Most people will recover from depression, but in the meantime they may not have the same capacity as when they are completely well. It’s important for employers to recognise that depression isn’t just about mood – it can impact memory and other cognitive abilities as well. Just as an employee with a broken arm might be temporarily unable to operate heavy machinery, so an employee with depression might not be quite as quick on their (mental) feet as they have been in the past. In some cases, modified duties may make it easier for the worker to stay where they belong: in the workplace. As always, modified duties are best determined collaboratively, in consultation with both the employee and a health professional.
6. Clarify roles and responsibilities. Assisting employees to clearly structure their existing duties is another way of keeping people with depression in the workplace. Depression can impact memory but good management can ensure that this doesn’t have a flow-on effect to productivity. Make it as easy as possible for employees to keep track of what they’ve done, what they’re doing and what they should do next. Instead of ‘winging it’ encourage list-making, accountability and checks. These kinds of simple measures can help an employee with depression stay on track at work during their recovery.
7. Reduce workplace stressors. We all know that work promotes health: but what about when it doesn’t? Conflicts with coworkers, supervisors and managers aren’t good for depressed workers. Nor are high demand / low control jobs, unreasonable output expectations and job-related stress. If workplace conflict is exacerbating depression, it may be helpful to mediate between the warring parties, or to separate them where necessary (i.e. a worker with depression may be assigned to an alternate supervisor if there have been ongoing problems in the supervisory relationship). And think about how workers’ sense of agency in their role can be increased. After all, it’s just good management…
8. Respect privacy, discourage gossip. We all like to talk and we’re all curious about our fellow human beings: that’s just human nature. However not all kinds of talk are acceptable in the workplace. Gossip is the kind of talk that goes on behind someone’s back, and it is often ill-informed and sometimes malicious. For people with depression, gossip only makes the road to recovery just that little bit longer and more difficult. Employees, supervisors and managers who gossip should be held to account and disciplined.
9. Set a good example – promote a stigma-free workplace. Despite the fact that 1 in 5 Australians will suffer from a mental health issue every year, there is still a lot of stigma around mental illness in society. From a workplace perspective, this is bad for two main reasons. The first is that stigma adds to stress, and stress exacerbates almost every form of mental illness. The second is that stigma encourages secrecy, and if employees are too ashamed to admit that they are suffering from depression, their employers are less likely to provide the kinds of support necessary for recovery. Health professionals, people with depression, coworkers and employers all need to understand that depression is a common, treatable health issue. It is nothing to be ashamed of and it is not a life sentence. If your workplace needs educating, there are heaps of resources available.
10. Encourage an appropriate work / life balance. To steal an old corporate slogan, we function best when we work, rest and play. Smart employers know that too much work doesn’t make us healthy or happy – and when we’re unhappy and unhealthy, we’re not productive. Getting the work / life balance right may help prevent depression from developing in the first place, and with that outcome, everyone’s a winner!

domain: sociology


BERLIN – An employee of the British embassy in Germany has been detained on suspicion of transferring documents from his workplace to Russian intelligence, the German federal prosecutor said Wednesday in the latest case of suspected espionage involving agents from Moscow.
The man, a 57-year-old British citizen identified only as David S. under German privacy laws, was detained in Potsdam on Monday, the prosecutor said in a statement. Authorities said they suspected he had been working as a spy since November and that he was suspected of handing over documents from the embassy to a member of Russian intelligence in exchange for an undisclosed amount of money.
The arrest is the latest in a series of arrests as German authorities crack down on Russian agents. Germany’s domestic intelligence service is increasingly concerned that Moscow is stepping up its efforts to recruit Western collaborators to obtain information about the country’s economic, political and strategic positions, as well as those of the European Union.
Much attention has been focused on the threat of cyber espionage after hackers with ties to Russia were suspected of breaching the main data network of the German government and the country’s parliament. But experts in Germany say Moscow is once again using old-fashioned human contact to gather intelligence.
Given its prominent role as Europe’s largest economy, authorities say Germany has become an interesting target for espionage by agents from Russia, as well as from China, Turkey and Iran.
Thomas Haldenwang, head of Germany’s domestic intelligence service, told parliament last year that levels of espionage had reached, if not exceeded, levels during the Cold War, when a divided Germany led the way in a geopolitical divide between the US-led democratic West and the Communist East controlled by the Soviet Union.
Germany’s long-standing relationship with Russia has been shaped by deep cultural and economic ties dating back centuries, and by devastating wartime battles that have sent relations staggering from greater cooperation to bitter recrimination.
The poisoning of Aleksei A. Navalny, the Russian opposition leader who was allowed to be flown from Russia to Berlin for treatment by President Vladimir V. Putin, only to be jailed months later on his return to Russia, reflected the complexity of the ties.
Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany condemned the attack on Navalny, calling it an “attempted murder”. But she refused to take steps to prevent the completion of a strategic natural gas pipeline linking Russia directly to Germany. The pipeline, Nord Stream 2, is expected to be completed by the end of the year.
In a brochure published in 2016 aimed at students and researchers in the sciences, the German Office for the Protection of the Constitution warned that anyone who speaks Russian well and pursues careers in the diplomatic service, energy or finance, could potentially be targets. can be for Russian agents . It describes some of the tactics they can use, including building a personal relationship before asking for information.
In June, German police arrested a 29-year-old Russian man who worked as a research assistant in the science department of a university in Germany. According to German authorities, the man had funneled information from his workplace to a member of the Russian intelligence service at least three times in exchange for cash.
A German businessman was arrested in the city of Leipzig in May on suspicion of illegally exporting industrial machines to a company in Russia, where they came into the hands of a defense company.
Both suspects are in pre-trial detention pending the outcome of the investigation. A judge will decide later Wednesday whether David S., whose home and workplace were searched, will be detained.
Italy expelled two Russian diplomats in March on charges of espionage after investigators saw an Italian navy official give envoys secret documents in exchange for money. Police also said they recovered secret NATO documents believed to have been handed over to the Russians during previous meetings with the Italian.


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Northern California (colloquially known as NorCal) is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Spanning the state's northernmost 48 counties its main population centers include the San Francisco Bay Area (anchored by the cities of San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland), the Greater Sacramento area (anchored by the state capital Sacramento), and the Metropolitan Fresno area (anchored by the city of Fresno).
Northernnorthern portionnorthern part of the state
An alternative was to sail to the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama, take canoes and mules for a week through the jungle, and then on the Pacific side, wait for a ship sailing for San Francisco. There was also a route across Mexico starting at Veracruz. Many gold-seekers took the overland route across the continental United States, particularly along the California Trail. Each of these routes had its own deadly hazards, from shipwreck to typhoid fever and cholera. Supply ships arrived in San Francisco with goods to supply the needs of the growing population.
Golden GateDoyle Drive Replacement Projectbridge
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the 1 mi strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Bay BridgeBaySan Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) official Bay Bridge site. (17 minutes). Film of the building of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. Lower Deck Rail and Roadway Off Ramps, 1939, Dorothea Lange photo. San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Construction Collection MSS 722. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library. "Bridging San Francisco Bay", PDH Online Course C577. Bay Bridge Oral History Project, Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley. "Symphonies in Steel: Bay Bridge and the Golden Gate" at The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco.
FarallonSoutheast Farallon IslandFarallons
The Farallon Islands, or Farallones (from the Spanish farallón meaning "pillar" or "sea cliff"), are a group of islands and sea stacks in the Gulf of the Farallones, off the coast of San Francisco, California, United States. The islands are also sometimes referred to by mariners as the Devil's Teeth Islands, in reference to the many treacherous underwater shoals in their vicinity. The islands lie 30 mi outside the Golden Gate and 20 mi south of Point Reyes, and are visible from the mainland on clear days. The islands are part of the City and County of San Francisco.
Silicon Valley, CaliforniaSan JoseValley
California, San Francisco • University of San Francisco South Bay Campus • West Valley College Silicon Valley's first internationally known art gallery, Pace Art and Technology Gallery in Menlo Park, opened on February 6, 2016.
Anza selected the sites of the Presidio of San Francisco and Mission San Francisco de Asís in what is now San Francisco; on his way back to Monterey, he sited Mission Santa Clara de Asís and the pueblo San Jose in the Santa Clara Valley but did not initially leave settlers to settle them. Mission San Francisco de Asís (or Mission Dolores), the sixth Spanish mission, was founded on June 29, 1776, by Lieutenant José Joaquin Moraga and Father Francisco Palóu (a companion of Junípero Serra).
UCSFUC San FranciscoUniversity of California San Francisco
The San Francisco General Hospital campus cares for the indigent population of San Francisco and contains San Francisco's only Level I trauma center. The hospital itself is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco, but many of its doctors carry UCSF affiliation and maintain research laboratories at the hospital campus. The earliest cases of HIV/AIDS were discovered at San Francisco General Hospital in the 1980s. To this day SF General Hospital has one of the world's leading HIV/AIDS treatment and research centers. UCSF is also affiliated with the San Francisco VA Medical Center and the J.
San JoseSan Jose, CASan José
U.S. 101 runs south to the California Central Coast and Los Angeles, and then runs north up near the eastern shore of the San Francisco Peninsula to San Francisco. I-280 also heads to San Francisco, but goes along just to the west of the cities of San Francisco Peninsula. I-880 heads north to Oakland, running parallel to the southeastern shore of San Francisco Bay. I-680 parallels I-880 to Fremont, but then cuts northeast to the eastern cities of the San Francisco Bay Area. Several state highways also serve San Jose: SR 17, SR 85, SR 87 and SR 237.
Tricia Anne Weber: The Spanish Missions of California. Album of Views of the Missions of California, Souvenir Publishing Company, San Francisco, Los Angeles, 1890's. The Missions of California, by Eugene Leslie Smyth, Chicago: Alexander Belford & Co., 1899. California Historical Society. California Mission Visitors Guide. California Missions: A Journey Along the El Camino Real (exhibit at The California Museum). National Register of Historic Places: Early History of the California Coast: List of Sites. California Mission Sketches by Henry Miller, 1856 and Finding Aid to the Documents relating to Missions of the Californias : typescript, 1768–1802 at The Bancroft Library.
Combined Statistical AreaSan Jose-San Francisco-OaklandSan Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara
The San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area is a 12-county Combined Statistical Area (CSA) designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget in Northern California that includes the San Francisco Bay Area. The CSA is more extensive than the popular local definition of the Bay Area, which consists of only the nine counties bordering San Francisco and San Pablo Bays: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. This group of counties also elects boards for regional planning and air quality control regulation.
OaklandOakland, CACity of Oakland
Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port city, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area, the eighth most populated city in California, and the 45th largest city in the United States. With a population of 412,040, it serves as a trade center for the San Francisco Bay Area; its Port of Oakland is the busiest port in the San Francisco Bay, the entirety of Northern California, and the fifth busiest in the United States of America.
Bay AreaSan FranciscoSan Francisco Bay
These rail systems are supplemented by numerous bus agencies and transbay ferries such as Golden Gate Ferry and the San Francisco Bay Ferry. Most of these agencies accept the Clipper Card, a reloadable contactless smart card, as a universal electronic payment system. List of metropolitan areas of the United States. Coastal California. List of companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Lists of San Francisco Bay Area topics. Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area. Discover the Bay Area website run by Discover California. Bay Area Tourism Guide by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.
MuniSan Francisco MuniSan Francisco
The San Francisco Municipal Railway (SF Muni or Muni) is the public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco, California. In 2006, Muni served 46.7 sqmi with an operating budget of about $700 million. In ridership terms, Muni is the seventh largest transit system in the United States, with 210,848,310 rides in 2006 and the second largest in California behind Metro in Los Angeles. With a fleet average speed of 8.1 mph, it is the slowest major urban transit system in America and one of the most expensive to operate, costing $19.21 per mile per bus and $24.37 per mile per train. However, it has more boardings per mile and more vehicles in operation than similar transit agencies.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985. Portes, Alejandro, and József Böröcz. "Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation." International Migration Review 23 (1989): 606–30. Portes, Alejandro, and Rubén Rumbaut. Immigrant America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990. Reimers, David. Still the Golden Door: The Third World Comes to America. New York: Columbia University Press, (1985). Smith, James P., and Barry Edmonston, eds. The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration (1998), online version. Waters, Tony. Crime and Immigrant Youth Thousand Oaks: Sage 1999.
MSA - 24,439 (0.5%). 12) Baltimore-Towson, MD MSA - 17,980 (0.7%). 13) Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA - 13,700 (0.1%). 14) San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA - 12,085 (0.7%). 15) Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC MSA - 12,080 (0.7%). 16) Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA - 9,840 (0.2%). 17) Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO MSA - 8,865 (1.9%). 18) Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA MSA - 8,701 (0.4%). 19) Bakersfield-Delano, CA MSA - 8,485 (1.0%). 20) Richmond, VA MSA - 8,238 (0.7%). 1) Los Angeles, California - 228,990. 2) Houston, Texas - 75,907. 3) New York, New York - 38,559. 4) Washington, D.C. - 16,611. 5) San Francisco, California - 16,165. 6) Brentwood, New York -
HispanicHispanic or LatinoHispanic American
Spanish missionaries and colonists founded settlements in El Paso, San Antonio, Tucson, Albuquerque, San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco, to name a few. As late as 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War (a conflict in which Spain aided and fought alongside the rebels), Spain held claim to roughly half the territory of today's continental United States. From 1819 to 1848, the United States (through treaties, purchase, diplomacy, and the Mexican–American War) increased its area by roughly a third at Spanish and Mexican expense, acquiring its three currently most populous states—California, Texas and Florida.
San FranciscoSan Francisco, CaliforniaSFO
The film's climax takes place there, but was filmed in Burbank, California. The airport stood in for Honolulu International Airport in the 2014 movie Godzilla. Part of the tenth episode of the fifteenth season of Family Guy, Passenger Fatty-Seven, took place at the airport. The airport appears briefly in San Andreas after being destroyed by a 9.6 magnitude earthquake. List of airports in California. Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area. California World War II Army Airfields. San Francisco International Airport website. San Francisco International Airport Community Roundtable Homepage. San Francisco International Airport Live Flight Track (ten-minute delay).
Board of SupervisorsSupervisorSan Francisco supervisor
The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is the legislative body within the government of the City and County of San Francisco, California, United States. The City and County of San Francisco is a consolidated city-county, being simultaneously a charter city and charter county with a consolidated government, a status it has had since 1856. Since it is the only such consolidation in California, it is therefore the only California city with a mayor who is also the county executive, and a county board of supervisors that also acts as the city council.
San Mateo CountySan MateoSan Mateo Counties
., Ca at the Bancroft Library.
VallejoVallejo, CAVallejo, Calif.
List of cities and towns in California. List of cities and towns in the San Francisco Bay Area. http://vallejoartandarchitecture.com/. Historical photographs of Vallejo, ca. 1865-ca. 1910, The Bancroft Library.
About 41 percent of the Vietnamese immigrant population lives in five major metropolitan areas: in descending order, Los Angeles, San Jose, Houston, San Francisco and Dallas-Fort Worth. The Vietnamese immigration pattern has shifted to other states, including Denver, Boston, Chicago, Oklahoma (Oklahoma City and Tulsa in particular) and Oregon (Portland in particular). Vietnamese Americans are more likely to be Christians than the Vietnamese in Vietnam. Christians (mainly Roman Catholics) make up about six percent of Vietnam's population and about 23 percent of the Vietnamese American population.
Marin CountyMarinMarin Counties
Marin County is a county located in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 252,409. Its county seat is San Rafael. Marin County is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area (San Francisco Bay Area) across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco. As of 2010, Marin County had the fifth highest income per capita in the United States at $91,483. The county is governed by the Marin County Board of Supervisors. The county is also well known for its natural environment and liberal politics. San Quentin Prison is located in the county, as is George Lucas' Skywalker Ranch.
SolanoSolano Countythe County concerned
Solano County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 413,344. The county seat is Fairfield. Solano County comprises the Vallejo–Fairfield, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. Solano County is the northeastern county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region. A portion of the South Campus at the University of California, Davis is in Solano County. Solano County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood.
Mount Zion HospitalUniversity of California Medical CenterUniversity of California San Francisco Medical Center
The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center is a research and teaching hospital in San Francisco, California and is the medical center of the University of California, San Francisco. It is one of the leading hospitals in the United States and with the UCSF School of Medicine has been the site of various breakthroughs in all specialties of medicine. In 2017, it was ranked as the 5th-best overall medical center in the United States and the #1 hospital in California by U.S. News & World Report. It was founded in 1907 at the site of Parnassus Heights, on Mount Sutro, following the 1906 earthquake, and it was the first hospital in the University of California system.

domain: geography


BMW has been cranking out its X1 compact crossover since 2009, when it debuted for the 2010 model year. The X1 has proven exceedingly popular as global sales of the model have topped 800,000 units. Over 200,000 of those sales came by way of the Chinese market, and it’s there where BMW will launch an updated version of the X1.
ALSO SEE: Jaguar takes wraps off long-wheelbase XFL
The German automaker is creating a special version just for China and it’s going to come packing a longer wheelbase. The idea here is to give rear seat passengers more room. Long wheelbase vehicles do that well, and that allows them to find eager buyers in China. The long-wheelbase X1 will be built in China at the BMW Brilliance plant in Shenyang.
Chinese BMW customers can choose one of three powertrain options for the long-wheelbase X1. It will be offered with a 136-horsepower 3-cylinder, a 192-horsepower 4-cylinder, or a 231-horsepower 4-cylinder engine. BMW will also offer the stretched X1 in xLine or Sport Line variants. The sDrive versions roll down the road courtesy of the front-wheels while xDrive examples utilize an all-wheel-drive setup.
DON’T MISS: Long-wheelbase Mercedes-Benz E-Class launches in China
How much longer is the longer X1? BMW has stretched the crossover by 3.1 inches in length. There’s an additional 0.8 inch of width and another 1.6 inches added to the height.
Considering how well the X1 has already sold in China, the longer wheelbase version should prove to be quite a hit. Add in a bit of nationalistic love when you consider the vehicle is built in China, and that should help seal the purchase decision even more.
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Buy Clinical Practice In Correctional Medicine 2006by Hilda 4.7
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Flex Link Relay & Sensor Cable
The Flex Link Relay & Sensor cable is an input/output cable for use with the iTach Flex. It provides relay outputs and sensor inputs which allow control and monitoring of a variety of devices. External devices are connected via push-release terminal blocks. The enclosure can be mounted directly on a DIN rail, allowing for simple integration with external relays.


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I can’t figure out how to get the new Text Alignment tool to work. Can someone tell me how it works?
Are you a premium subscriber?
Type your text, then select your font, and select the style box.
Yes! I do that but now there is a “alignment” button. This is for lining up left, right, and center. I use this with other programs to make uniform signs. I was excited to see it added, but can’t get it to work.
The text aligns in the text bubble left, center and right, but I agree that it isn’t clear how to take several lines of type and align to one another unless it also involves the placement tool.
Have you read this?
Yes I have, and that article does not address the use of the ‘’new’’ alignment button.
I’m sorry that wasn’t clear! The Alignment button just under where you type your text and choose your font adjusts the behavior of what happens when you add or remove text to your text box. If you align Left, then the left edge of your text will stay put and any additional words or letters will extend out to the right, and vice versa.
In this image, I first created the top square and text and then copied it twice. I set to Left Align and added the words Left Align, and then did the same for Right, and these are the results.
I’m going to close this thread, but if this doesn’t clear everything up, please post again!


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Chaucer Day“Whan that Aprille,” begins the Prologue of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, published in 1478. This House of Books is celebrating one of the first great works of English literature with a reading, in the original middle English, from Chaucer’s work. We will be joined in this by members of Billings’ own Society for Creative Anachronism, who will attend in medieval costume and present demonstrations of their own. Join us to help "Maken Melodye" from 5 PM to 7 PM.
Time: 5:00 pm
Billings, MT 59102


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Land resumptions, a necessary evil in building major road infrastructure, can be heartbreaking and divisive.
But amid the potential gloom associated with land resumptions for the $1 billion Gateway WA project, there has been an upside.
Gateway WA - the State's biggest and most expensive road project - includes a major upgrade of the Leach Highway-Abernethy Road intersection.
This meant part of Gerry Archer Reserve had to be resumed, jeopardising the future of Belmont Little Athletics Club.
A $4 million compromise was achieved after talks involving the City of Belmont.
The running track was realigned and expanded from six to eight lanes and new long jump and shot-put facilities built.
Tiered seating in the grandstand was put in, new lighting was installed and a new equipment storage shed was built.
"Despite all the disruptions along the way, I think it's been a win for us," club past president Glenn Bartlett said.
"We have ended up with a very fine arena."
A Gateway WA spokesman said undertaking and paying for the reconfiguration of the reserve was "an opportunity to leave a legacy for the local community".


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Huntington man and woman sentenced to federal prison for roles in multistate drug ring
Investigation leads to seizure of large quantities of drugs, over $120,000 in cash, and over 40 firearms
HUNTINGTON, W.Va. – A Huntington man and woman who participated a multistate drug ring were sentenced to federal prison today, announced United States Attorney Carol Casto. Corey Bruce Toney, 27, was sentenced to 10 years and three months in prison for distributing heroin. Tanisha Lynette Wooding, 37, was sentenced to a year and a half in prison for possession with intent to distribute crack.
On September 29, 2015, a confidential informant working with the Drug Enforcement Administration contacted Toney to arrange a heroin deal. Toney agreed to meet the informant, who was accompanied by undercover agents. Toney subsequently distributed 10 grams of heroin to the informant in exchange for $1,250. Agents were able to make numerous additional controlled purchases of heroin from Toney and others during the course of the investigation.
Toney also admitted that from the summer of 2014 to May of 2016, he conspired with others to distribute large quantities of drugs in the Huntington and Charleston areas, including heroin, crack, cocaine, marijuana, and Xanax. Toney admitted that he was supplied large quantities of heroin and cocaine for distribution by codefendant Atari Seantay Brown after the drugs were transported to the Huntington area from Detroit. Toney further admitted that he maintained a leadership role in the conspiracy, and that he possessed a number of firearms during the conspiracy.
On May 18, 2016, after a federal grand jury returned an indictment in this case, agents executed arrest warrants and search warrants at eight residences in Detroit, Proctorville, Ohio, and Huntington, including Wooding’s residence located on the 1800 block of 9th Avenue in Huntington. During the searches, agents seized large quantities of heroin, cocaine, crack, marijuana, $120,531 in cash, and a total of 41 firearms.
Wooding was arrested on May 18, 2016, and admitted that she was in possession of crack when agents executed the search warrant at her residence. During the search, agents seized approximately two ounces of crack stored in the residence. Wooding admitted to conspiring with Brown and others to distribute crack in Huntington for approximately one year. During this period, Brown regularly supplied Wooding with crack. After Wooding sold the crack, she returned the proceeds to Brown and received additional quantities of crack. Wooding also admitted that she was responsible for the distribution of up to 840 grams of crack during the conspiracy.
Brown previously pleaded guilty to distributing heroin and is scheduled to be sentenced on March 6, 2017. In addition to Toney, Wooding, and Brown, seven additional defendants have been convicted for their roles in this drug ring. Sean Lee Braggs, Samuel E. Nelson, III, Deandra Sheen Jones, and Roy Bills have all pleaded guilty to federal drug charges and are awaiting sentencing. Arthur James Canada was sentenced to three years and 10 months in federal prison, Matthew Michael Meadows was sentenced to a year and a half in federal prison, and Parker Wyatt Mays was sentenced to a year and a day in federal prison for their respective roles in the conspiracy.
These prosecutions arose out of a long-term investigation led by the Drug Enforcement Administration, with assistance from the West Virginia State Police, the Putnam County Sheriff’s Department, the Huntington Police Department, the Huntington FBI Drug Task Force, the Ohio Highway Patrol, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and the United States Postal Inspection Service.
Assistant United States Attorney Joseph F. Adams is in charge of the prosecutions. Chief United States District Judge Robert C. Chambers imposed the sentences and is presiding over these cases.
These cases are being prosecuted as part of an ongoing effort led by the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of West Virginia to combat the illicit sale and misuse of illegal drugs. The U.S. Attorney’s Office, joined by federal, state and local law enforcement agencies, is committed to aggressively pursuing and shutting down pill trafficking, eliminating open air drug markets, and curtailing the spread of illegal drugs in communities across the Southern District.
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