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Brief Lives by John Aubrey
My Lords, Ladies, and Libertines
If you think tabloid tales of sex in high places are a modern thing, there is no more pleasurable way of disabusing that notion than by a look into the Brief Lives of John Aubrey. Born in 1626, he was seven years older than his more famous contemporary Samuel Pepys: both lived through the Civil War, Cromwell’s Protectorate, and the Restoration under Charles II, Aubrey dying in 1697 and Pepys in 1703.
Pepys’ Diary enjoys a well-deserved reputation for the frank recordings of its author’s extra-marital dalliances with mistresses and maids, especially Deb Willet and the black girl Nan. “Staid a great while with Nan idling away the afternoon with pleasure,” is a typical entry, though in other moods Pepys wrote either in code or language so gross that his great Victorian editor Henry Wheatley felt obliged to leave out “a few passages which cannot possibly be printed.” While Pepys was not uniquely sex-mad for his time - his Diary runs a wide gamut from his brother Tom’s illegitimate children by maids to Lord Brouncker’s scuttling between the houses of his concurrent mistresses to England’s first-recorded streakers, Lords Buckhurst and Sidly “running up and down all night with their arses bare through the streets” - he did earn his modern association with the phrase And So To Bed.
The Diary’s final entry describes some moments with a married woman: “I knew her husband to be out of town. And here je did baiser elle, but had not opportunity para hazer some with her as I would have offered if je had had it.” Pepys seems more in need of French and Spanish lessons than Viagra, though goes on to announce the end of his journal and his adventures -”my amours are past, and my eyes hindering me in almost all other pleasures.”
John Aubrey, on the other hand, wrote about the goings-on of other men, and women, not his own, and for publication, putting his large collection together at the behest of another great gossip, Anthony Wood, author of the readably ramshackle Athenae Oxonienses. What makes Aubrey so much fun, subject-matter apart, is his gorgeously idiosyncratic English, with which it would be a sin to tamper. At times, it stands comparison with the Authorised (King James’) Version of The Bible, a recent (1611) publication in his day. When Aubrey asked, “Is my English style well enough?” the cantankerous Wood had to admit, “’Tis well.” I defy any reader of these samples to disagree.
In 1949, worrying over “the vexed question of obscenity,” his editor Oliver Lawson Dick observed, “in the seventeenth century sex had not yet been singled out as the sin par excellence,” and decided “not to bowdlerise it in the slightest degree, but to print it as it was written.”
As Dick goes on to say, “Aubrey’s were the first biographies that did not point a moral.” Hence the laconic style that makes the Brief Lives so entertaining, be he reporting Sir Henry Blount’s philosophy of life (“Drunkenness he much exclaimed against, but wenching he allowed”), or advertising one Mariana Morgan as “a swidging lustie woman,” or encapsulating the life of a certain Mrs Abigail Sloper in this impeccable sentence: “Borne at Broad Chalke, near Salisbury, A.D. 1648: Pride; lechery; ungratefull to her father; married; runne distracted; recovered.” What a career Aubrey wwould have had as a writer of Hollywood synopses!
Aubrey is as invigorating on social history as in biographical vignettes. Contrast this sketch of London brothels with any modern committee or sociological report on such a matter: “Next the Bear-Garden was formerly the Bordello, or Stewes, so called from the severall licensed Houses for the Entertainment of lewd Persons, in which Women were prepared for all Comers. The Knights Templar were notable wenchers; for whose convenience and use these Stewes were erected and constituted. They were subject to several laws and regulations (viz. No single Woman to lye with any Man, except she lye with him all Night, till the Morrow). In 1506, King Henry VII for some Time shut up these houses; and not long after renewed their Licence and reduced them to Twelve; at which Number they continued till their final Suppression by Sound of Trumpet in 1546 by King Henry VIII, whose tender Conscience startled at such scandalous and open Lewdness.”
These last words imply no judgement on Aubrey’s part; they are his savouring of the irony of such professed moral indignation from Henry VIII of all monarchs. His description of more brothels, in England and Italy, makes irresistible advertising copy: “At Leghorn, and other Ports in Italie, when Shippes arrive, the Courtizans runne to the Mariners with their Lutes and Ghitarres, playing and singing, with their Haire dissheveld, and Breasts naked, to allure them. In like manner at Gosprit neer Portsmouth, where the Seamen lye, the Towne is full of wanton wenches, and there is never a house but hath a Virginall in it.”
Whatever the erotic twist, Aubrey stays imperturbable. It did not trouble him that the theologian William Chillingworth “dyed of the ‘morbus castrensis’ (syphilis) after the taking of Arundel castle by the Parliament.” Nor that the philosopher Viscount Francis Bacon (Pope called him “the wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind”) “was a pederast. His Ganimeds and Favourites tooke Bribes; but his Lordship always gave good and just Judgement.” Nor that William Harvey, famous for his theory of the circulation of the blood, “kept a pretty young wench to wayte on him, which I guess he made use of for warmeth-sake as King David did, and tooke care of her in his Will.” Nor that the playwrights Beaumont and Fletcher “lived together, both batchelors; lay together; had one wench in the house between them.”
Aubrey was also one of Shakespeare’s early biographers, but has nothing on the Bard’s love life, as distinct from his account of Ben Jonson’s last years in which “his pentions (so much as came yn) were given to a woman that govern’d him, with whome he lived and dyed nere the Abie in Westminster; neither he nor she tooke much care for next weike, and would be sure not to want wine, of which he tooke too much before he went to bed, if not oftner and soner.”
The anecdotes come thick and fast, a sexual whirligig. Complaisance and brazenness were well linked in Sir Edward Cooke and his new bride: “His second wife Elizabeth, the relickt of Sir William Hatton, was with Child when he married her; laying his hand on her belly (when he came to bed) and finding a Child to stirre, What, sayd he, Flesh in the Pott. Yea, quoth she, or else I would not have maried a Cooke.” Episcopal incest on the part of Richard Corbet, Bishop of Oxford, is tranquilly reported; “He married Alice Hutton, whom ‘twas said he bigott. She was a very beautiful woman, and so was her mother.” Playwright Sir William Davenant, friend of John Milton, was less fortunate; “He gott a terrible clap of a Black handsome wench that lay in Axe-yard, which cost him his nose, with which unlucky mischance many witts were too cruelly bold.”
Whenever Aubrey skirts dangerously close to a morality tale, his deadpan prose comes to the rescue. Ignoring his doctors’ warnings, the rakish poet Sir Philip Sydney “would not forbeare his carnall knowledge of his wife, which cost him his life; upon which occasion there were some roguish verses made” - a pity Aubrey does not quote these. Then there was Francis Bacon’s Dowager who “married her gentleman-usher Sir Thomas Underhill, whom she made deafe and blinde with too much of Venus.”
Sexual predators enjoy mixed fortunes. Aubrey’s godfather, the merchant adventurer John Whitson, was a real-life Tom Jones: “His Mistress one day called him into the Wine-Cellar and had him broach the best Butt in the Cellar for her; and truly he broach’t his Mistrisse, who after married him. This story will last perhaps as long as Bristol is a City.”
Deservedly less lucky was the ungallant gallant Mr Caisho Burroughs, “one of the most beautiful Men in England,” pursued by “a very beautiful Italian Lady, who fell so extreamly in Love with him, that she did let him enjoy her, which she had never let any Man do before.” Pepys, incidentally, was told “a very pretty trick” to confirm a girl’s virginity; “By a string going round her head to meet at the end of her nose, which if she be not will come a great way behind.” She begged Burroughs not to kiss and tell, then died, whereupon he bragged of his conquest in a tavern, but “there going to make water, the Ghost of the Gentlewoman did appear to him.” Burroughs was ever after troubled by this apparition, but his supernatural problems were doubled by a second ghost, that of another Italian woman who, “very passionately enamour’d,” killed herself after he abandoned her. This spirit was the more tenacious, appearing to him many times, especially when he was in bed with his brother or a certain Colonel Remes - doing what?
Caisho, though, was harmless compared to Carlo Fantom, the one completely dislikeable character in Aubrey’s gallery. A Croatian mercenary soldier who spoke thirteen languages, he drifted to England where he in turn fought for both sides in the Civil War. At least he was honest about his motives: “I care not for your Cause: I come to fight for your half-crowne, and your handsome woemen. I have fought for the Christians against the Turkes; and for the Turkes against the Christians.’” Dogs of war were not invented by Frederick Forsythe. Fantom was “a great ravisher of women: and he was not content only to ravish himselfe, but he would make his soldiers doe it too, and he would stand by and look on.” It is satisfying to record that the Royalists hung him at Oxford for this crime.
The Life of Sir George Monk provides an unbeatable combination of soap opera and Country & Western. “He was a prisoner in the Tower, where his seamstress, Nan Clarges, was kind to him; in a double capacity. Here she was gott with child. She was not at all handsome, nor cleanly. Her mother was one of the five Woemen-Barbers. There was a married woman in Drury Lane that had clap’t a woman’s husband, a neighbour. She complained of this to her neighbour gossips: so they concluded on this Revenge, viz. to gett her and whippe her and shave all the haire off her pudenda; which severities were executed and put into a Ballad. ‘Twas the first Ballad I ever cared for the reading of; the Burden of it was thus:
Did yee ever heare the like
Or ever heard the same
Of five Woemen-Barbers
That lived in Drewry-Lane?
Aubrey grew to like this kind of ballad. He quotes nine stanzas of one that mocked the extra-marital affairs of the wife of theologian John Overall, a collaborator on the Authorised Version. Like many an old fool, he acquired a sexy young trophy bride with whom he could not keep up, though since he conversed more in Latin than in English, she is entitled to some compassion: “She was the greatest Beautie of her time in England. She was not more beautifull than she was obligeing, and kind, and was so tender-hearted that truly she could scarce denie any one. She had the loveliest Eies that were ever seen, but wondrous wanton. The good old Deane, notwithstanding he knew well enough that he was horned, loved her infinitely: in so much that he was willing she should enjoy what she had a mind to.”
Every stanza ends with the line “Hye nonny nonny noe,” in euphemistic reference to her vagina, e.g:
Face she had of Filberd hue
And bosom’d like a Swan
Back she had of bended Ewe,
And wasted by a span.
Her Haire she had as black as Crowe
From the head unto the toes
Downe downe all over her
Hye nonny nonny noe.
Kingsley Amis called this the best poem in the Faber Book of Comic Verse and, after Rochester’s (mentioned by Aubrey for his private collection of “lascivious pictures”) Song of a Young Lady to her Ancient Lover, the most successful in combining the obscene and the affecting.
Other lusty ladies had a taste for rough trade, toy-boys, and the louche life. Mrs Elizabeth Broughton “lost her Mayden-head to a poor young fellow, then I believe handsome, but, in 1660, a pittiful old weaver.” Locked in the attic by her father when he found this out, she escaped and went to London where she traded her “most exquisite beautie and delicate Witt” until “she grew common and infamous and gott the Pox, of which she died.”
Likewise the Countess of Sussex, also alluring and good company: “After her Lord’s death (he was jealous), she sends for one (formerly her Footman) and makes him groom of the chamber. He had the Pox and shee knew it; a damnable Sott. He was not very handsom, but his body of an exquisite shape, hence the arrows of love. His nostrils were stufft and borne out with corkes in which were squills to breath through. About 1666 this Countess died of the Pox.’
Thomas Sutton, the model for Ben Jonson’s Volpone, profited from the appetites of another hot-blooded lady: “He was a lusty, healthy, handsome fellowe, and there was a very rich Brewer that brewed to the Navy who was ancient and he had married a young buxome wife, who enjoyed the embraces of this more able performer as to that point. The old brewer doted on his desirable wife and dies and left her all his Estate, which was great.”
The comic erotic obliquity of “as to that point” recalls the narrative prose style of the late Anthony Powell, author of A Dance to the Music of Time, the great roman fleuve that rivals Proust. This may not be a coincidence: Powell was both biographer and editor of Aubrey.
I likewise wonder if Kingsley Amis in The Green Man bestowed the name Thomas Underhill on his ghostly seventeenth-century sexual deviant as a deliberate joke on Aubrey’s Thomas Underhill who was “made deafe and blinde with too much of Venus.”
What writer could better this cameo of a lady who out-uses her user? “Sir William Petty had a boy that whistled incomparably well. He after wayted on a Lady, a widowe, of good fortune. Every night this boiy was to whistle his Lady asleepe. At last shee could hold out no longer, but bids her chamber-mayde withdrawe: bids him come to bed, seetts him to worke, and marries him the next day. This is certeyn true.”
That “setts him to work” speaks volumes!
Aubrey devoted several of his Lives to women. Venetia Stanley in some ways makes one think of Diana, Princess of Wales. Though brought up in a remote Oxfordshire stately home, reports of “this most beautifull desireable Creature” reached the capital: “The young Eagles had espied her, and she was sanguine and tractable, and of much Suavity (which to abuse was great pittie).” Many “young Sparkes” courted her, the winner being the author-naval commander-diplomat Sir Kenelme Digby, said to have fled France after Marie the Queen Mother made lecherous overtures to him at a Ball. Aubrey rhapsodises over her beauty in a long paragraph which includes this lovely sentence: “The colour of her cheekes was just that of the Damask rose, which is neither too hott nor too pale.”
Venetia’s Looks were painted in oils by Vandyke and in words by Ben Jonson. She bore Sir Kenelme three children. Then, “she dyed in her bed, suddenly. Some suspected that she was poysoned. When her head was opened there was found but little braine, which her husband imputed to her drinking of viper-wine” - Digby was widely supposed to have forced her to imbibe this brew to keep her looking young. Remembering all the conspiracy theories posted about Diana’s death, one can just imagine a cyber-Aubrey on the Internet.
Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke, was a very different proposition. Sister of the poet Philip Sydney, “she was a beautifull Ladie. She had a pritty sharpe-ovall face. Her Haire was of a reddish yellowe.” But fruity stories circulated about her private tastes and their indulgence: “She was very salacious and she had a Contrivance that in the Spring of the yeare, when the Stallions were to leape the Mares, they were to be brought where she had a vidette to looke on them and please herselfe with their sport; and then she would act the like sport herselfe with her stallions. One of her great Gallants was Crooke-back’t Cecill, Earl of Salisbury.”
A tabloid editor’s dream. Not even Madonna has attracted quite such publicity as that; older readers may compare Sixties’ tales of Margaret, Duchess of Argyle, involving among many gallants Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Mary Herbert had more respectable fame in the fields of chemistry and literature. But late in life, after being widowed, she rekindled gossip by living with the well-known medical man Sir Matthew Lister without benefit of clergy.
Aubrey casts some delightful erotic light upon a great name nowadays famous for quite other things. Sir Walter Raleigh is forever associated with potatoes, tobacco, and the courtly throwing of his cloak upon a puddle for the Queen to walk over. Aubrey has only the tobacco, managing to give his version a modern-looking tinge: “Sir W.R., standing in a Stand at Sir Robert Poyntz parke at Acton which was built by his grandfather for to keep his Whores in tooke a pipe of Tobacco, which made the Ladies quitt it till he had done.”
Raleigh’s son let the cat out of the bag when he blurted out at a High Society dinner, “I this morning went to a Whore. I was very eager of her, kissed and embraced her, and went to enjoy her, but she thrust me from her and vowed I should not. ‘For your father lay with me but an hower ago’.”
Raleigh stars in what must be the most hilarious ‘knee-trembler’ (a quite Aubreyesque word) in English literature: “He loved a wench well; and one time getting up one of the Mayds of Honour up against a tree in a Wood (‘twas his first Lady) who seemed at first boarding to be something fearfull of her Honour, and modest, she cryed, sweet Sir Walter, what doe you me ask? Will you undoe me? Nay. sweet Sir Walter! Sweet Sir Walter! Sir Walter! At last, as the danger and the pleasure at the same time grew higher, she cryed in the extasey, Swisser Swatter Swisser Swatter. She proved with child, and I doubt not but this Hero tooke care of them both, as also that the Product was more than an ordinary mortal.”
It would be hard to beat Swisser Swatter Swisser Swatter (an _expression that recurs in a mock professorial lecture in chapter seven of The Egyptologists by KIngsley Amis and Robert Conquest in 1965) for amorous onomatopoeia. We may be grateful that John Aubrey, as he states in his covering letter to Anthony Wood, “putt in writing these Minutes of Lives tumultuarily...nothing but the trueth: the naked and plaine trueth, which is here exposed so bare that the very pudenda are not covered.”
Glancing between Aubrey’s age and our own, one more tru(e)th is equally bare - only the spelling is different.
For Further Reading:
John Aubrey, Brief Lives, ed. John Buchanan-Brown (Penguin, 2000)
Michael Hunter, John Aubrey and the Realm of Learning (Duckworth, 1975)
Anthony Powell, John Aubrey and his Friends (Heinemann, 2nd ed., 1975)
J.E. Stephens (ed.), Aubrey on Education (Routledge, 1972)
David Tylden-Wright, John Aubrey: A Life (HarperCollins, 1991)
For editions of Aubrey’s other works, see Buchanan-Brown, pps. xxxiv-xxxvi

domain: literature


Kurzweil knows nothing about how the brain works. It’s design is not encoded in the genome: what’s in the genome is a collection of molecular tools wrapped up in bits of conditional logic, the regulatory part of the genome, that makes cells responsive to interactions with a complex environment. The brain unfolds during development, by means of essential cell:cell interactions, of which we understand only a tiny fraction. The end result is a brain that is much, much more than simply the sum of the nucleotides that encode a few thousand proteins. He has to simulate all of development from his codebase in order to generate a brain simulator, and he isn’t even aware of the magnitude of that problem.
Kurzweil may well be wrong, but he’s not stupid (well, if he’s stupid he’s not as stupid as the above would make him seem): he’s not making an argument about simulating gene expression, but a totally separate argument based on Kolmogorov complexity, that is to say, what is the shortest algorithm you can use to reproduce the behavior. Simulating gene expression is a problem which everyone knows is incredibly hard, and may be impossible in general, as it requires the running of exponentially complex quantum field calculations — but that’s really not what Kurzweil has in mind here. He’s saying that an upper bound of the Kolmogorov complexity would have to be the genetic information required to generate the brain. Obviously he’s not saying that in 10 years we would literally build a gene expression simulator that could take the genome and generate a functioning brain. If classical processes can be used to simulate gene expression, then Kurzweil would certainly be right, at least in principle: the genetic information would be an upper bound of the minimum size of the algorithm needed to simulate the brain, regardless of which algorithm you use (and obviously Kurzweil imagines you’d probably use very different algorithms than nature uses).
He may be wrong, however, just because the generation of the brain may rely on quantum field effects which might allow for compression beyond that which a classical computer is capable of (i.e., it’s known that biological systems can take advantage of quantum effects, for example, a recent paper showed that plants take advantage of quantum computation). Quantum computers are of course capable of computational feats that would defy a classical computer, so his estimate could end up being wrong for that reason.
And even if he is correct, he may be grossly underestimating how long it might take for human beings to build algorithms with sufficient “compression” to generate brain-like behavior. But my main point is that most of Pharyngula’s blog post is beside the point, interesting as it is, because it attacks an argument Kurzweil is not making; i.e., the post is conflating algorithmic complexity with the difficulty of simulating gene expression, two totally different things.permalink |


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Bachelor, Chico State University, California, 1957. Master of Science in Public Health, University North Carolina, 1963. Doctor of Philosophy, University North Carolina, 1969.
Research associate, University of Chicago, 1967-1971; research scientist, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland., 1971-1978; research scientist, USDA Agricultural Research Svc., Beltsville, Maryland., 1978-1987; associate area director, Agricultural Research Svc., Beltsville, Maryland., 1987-1989; area director midwest area, USDA Agricultural Research Svc., Beltsville, 1989-1992; director Beltsville area, USDA Agricultural Research Svc., Beltsville, 1992-1997; deputy administrator, USDA-Agricultural Research Svc., Beltsville, since 1997.
Board directors International Trichinell Communications, since 1994. Member American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society Parasitologists (president 1993), American Association Veterinary parasitology (president 1986-1987, Distinguished Parasitologist 1987), International Trichinosis Commission (president since 1998, Distinguished Presidential Executive award 1998).
Married Joyce Voyce, July 10, 1965. Children: Duncan, Amy.

domain: biology


text:
A Sudoku puzzle is a partially completed grid with only one unique solution possible. It is a logic-based game in which you insert the numbers 1-9 into each row, column, and six 3×3 square spaces, within a 9×9 grid. The complicated part? You cannot repeat the numbers.
Sudoku puzzle game has gained popularity since its invention by Howard Garns in 1979. It was originally known as Number Place. The modern-day puzzle derives its name from the Japanese term Sūji wa dokushin ni kagiru, which means a single number. In this article, we take you back to the origin of the puzzle and various sudoku variants.
History of Sudoku
Sudoku dates back to the Latin Squares, a Swiss mathematician’s game of the 18th century. The games initially appeared in French newspapers in 1895. The modern version of the game is an invention of Howard Garns, an American puzzle inventor from Indiana, USA. His puzzles were published in Word Games and Dell Pencil Puzzles magazine in 1979. They were named “Number Place” as there was a need to place different numbers into blank spaces on a 9 × 9 grid.
Sudoku – Adaption of the puzzle in Japan
In 1984, the game appeared for the first time in Japan and was known as “Sudoku.” The name is the short form for the longer Japanese phrase – Sūji wa dokushin ni kagiru. The term Sudoku, meaning one occurrence of every number, has been used since then.
The popularity of the puzzle in Japan is because the native language isn’t quite suitable for crossword puzzles. Therefore, the Japanese culture prefers number puzzles. Moreover, many people in Japan need to make long commutes by bus or train, and the best way to utilize their time is by solving puzzles.
The New Zealand judge, Wayne Gould, encountered Sudoku at a bookstore during his vacation to Tokyo in March 1997. He was enthusiastic about the puzzle and invested the next six years developing a computer program that helped produce Sudoku puzzles rapidly.
First Puzzle published
In 2004, the Times of London published Sudoku puzzles. The first U.S newspaper to publish the logic-based puzzle is The Conway Daily Sun. The subsequent years saw Sudoku gaining popularity globally. The first World Sudoku Championship was hosted in 2006 by Italy.
What is Sudoku – variants of the game
When you ask someone what Sudoku is, the standard response is a 9 × 9 grid puzzle with a few existing numbers and blank cells. However, many other versions of the typical puzzle you see in books and newspapers. These puzzles use different configurations of colors, words, images, and cages, testing your logic much more than the standard 9 × 9 grid.
Here’s a look at six different types of Sudoku puzzles.
- Grid Size Variations
- Symbol or Image
- Word or Alphabet
Grid Size Variations
The 9 by 9 grid isn’t the only size for a Sudoku puzzle. Other different grid sizes also exist, including the 4 × 4, 6 × 6, 16 × 16, and 25 × 25. The 4 × 4 and 6 × 6 are easier variations, while the 16 × 16 and 25 × 25 variations are a real challenge.
Here, the numbers on a grid are replaced with specific colors. Let’s say blue represents one; red represents two, green represents three, and so on. While the rules to solve the puzzle remain the same, the change is visually engaging and colorful. In the number variant, numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., are used, but with the colors.
Symbol or Image
This version of the puzzle uses images as inputs. The experience is even more interesting since you have to focus on more details instead of numbers or colors. If the images in the puzzle have slight variations, the level of difficulty increases. A smaller grid with apparent differences in images is easier to solve.
Word or Alphabet
When letters replace numbers, it is a word or alphabet variation of the Sudoku. Since letters allow for the creation of words, these puzzles may have hidden words. For instance, apart from completing the 9 × 9 grid with the same logic as other puzzle variations, a 9-letter word needs to be discovered and unraveled. For example, if the letters MRHAYECIN are used to complete the grid, the hidden word is MACHINERY.
The Jigsaw Sudoku is a little different from the standard Sudoku. In the earlier versions, the cages or nonets are squares with equal blocks. The jigsaw puzzle doesn’t follow these standardizations. It consists of cages in various configurations. The different cage configurations give the puzzle an interesting design that looks like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Since tricks and tips rely on square or rectangle cages, it can be challenging to master and solve jigsaw puzzles.
The Samurai puzzle combines five 9 × 9 grids overlapping each other. It is a challenging puzzle, suitable for those who find the other variations easy. You solve each board as per the regular rules of Sudoku and use the same tricks on the overlapping parts as well. The experience is like playing five different puzzles at the same time.
Sudoku – A Brain game
Sudoku is a simple puzzle with straightforward rules. Many people are passionate about it because of its benefits:
Solving the puzzle requires concentration. If there is any interruption or disturbance in logical thinking, it can break the chain of thought. So, playing this game improves focus and concentration as well.
Promotes a healthy mindset
Playing an entertaining and mind-involving game keeps the brain fitter and more active. Consequently, it promotes a more positive mindset.
Helps develop problem-solving skills
Since the puzzle requires the player to engage in logical thinking to solve the grid, it promotes problem-solving skills.
Reduces stress and anxiety
Stress and anxiety have become common mental conditions in our society. The puzzle requires the player to focus on the grid, forgetting about all day-to-day worries. As the brain focuses on the task at hand, there is no time to think about the source of stress and anxiety.
What is Sudoku – Conclusion
Sudoku is an easy-to-learn logic-based number-placement puzzle. It gained widespread popularity in 1986 after Nikoli published it as Sudoku. While the rules to solve the puzzle are quite uncomplicated, the game is infinitely varied. It has millions of possible number combinations and a variety of difficult levels. However, the fundamental principle of filling in the blank cells by logical deductions remains the same.
What is Sudoku? – FAQs
The Japanese words suuji wa dokushin ni kagiru are abbreviated to make Sudoku, meaning the numbers must remain single.
The primary rule of sudoku is that each row, column, and 3×3 square grid, in the 9×9 grid must have the digits from 1 to 9 without any duplication. Moreover, every row, column, and 3×3 square must add up to 45 each. Learn how to play sudoku in 6 easy steps.
Each row, column, or nonet in the Sudoku grid contains numbers from one to nine. The rule of 45 suggests that the sum of each of these Sudoku regions is 45. If solved eight blocks in a particular row are solved, and the sum of the digits in the row is S, the number in the remaining block is 45 – S.
No. There is a unique solution for every puzzle. If you are getting multiple solutions, it is a poorly designed puzzle. Many times, the player doesn’t realize that there is a duplicate hidden somewhere on the grid.

domain: hobby


More New PROMETHEUS Images Released
After Entertainment Weekly debuted some new photos, A few more promo images and movie stills from Ridley Scott's hotly anticipated science fiction epic Prometheus are now online. Hit the jump to check them out.
Ridley Scott, director of "Alien" and "Blade Runner," returns to the genre he helped define. With PROMETHEUS, he creates a groundbreaking mythology, in which a team of explorers discover a clue to the origins of mankind on Earth, leading them on a thrilling journey to the darkest corners of the universe. There, they must fight a terrifying battle to save the future of the human race.
Click the link below to view even more photos.
Release Date: 6/8/12
Cast: Noomi Rapace, Michael Fassbender, Guy Pearce, Idris Elba, Logan Marshall-Green, Charlize Theron
Director: Ridley Scott
Screenwriters: Damon Lindelof, Jon Spaihts
Producers: Ridley Scott, David Giler, Walter Hill
Studios/Distributors: 20th Century Fox, Brandywine Productions
: ComicBookMovie.com is protected under the DMCA (Digital Millenium Copyright Act) and... [MORE]


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The seat height on the RS4 125 is at 820mm and offers ample amounts of space. As the riding position on the motorbike is pleasant, you will enjoy going for long distance rides. The fairings of the motorbike provide sufficient protection against the wind while being aerodynamic at the same time. Thanks to the 300 mm radial 4-piston calliper disc brakes in the front and 218 mm single piston disc brakes in the rear, you can quickly bring the motorbike to a complete halt.
If you don’t have any restrictions on your budget, then go for the Aprilia RS4 125 as the motorbike is a class apart from the rest in its category!
Representative example: borrowing £3,000 over 36 Months with a representative APR of 24.9%, the amount payable would be £115.21 a month, with a total cost of credit of £1,147.56 and a total amount payable of £4,147.56


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Getting To The Point –
3 weeks ago aebi Comments Off on Getting To The Point –
An Overview to Personalized Entrance Installment
Customized entrances are an exceptional way to include protection and elegance to your house. They can transform an average entranceway right into something really unique and also certainly raise the total value of your house. They include added safety and security for a lot of buildings as well as look wonderful also. The reason that custom-made gate installment is so helpful is since it raises the bankability of your home to customers, while at the same time adding one more attribute that possible buyers will find eye-catching. Most people that try to find houses that have such features typically wind up purchasing them. It makes good sense then that you would want individuals that are most likely to be seeing your home to like the entryway that you have developed. There are numerous points that you can do to make your custom-made gateway develops as appealing as they can be. The first point that you can do is think about having some pictures of your style made right into a collage kind of poster. This is a great concept if you can not actually produce the layout on your own. When you upload this poster outside of your home it is instantly recognizable as including a portion of your custom entrance style. If you have a picture that is actually good, it can help to sell your gateway much faster to prospective buyers. An additional thing that you can do with personalized gateway setup is to use vinyl text on your gateways. This can truly help to boost the resale worth of the house because many prospective customers will certainly see the lettering when they are looking at the outside of the home. The advantage of utilizing this kind of text is that it can be made to match the shade of your home in addition to the various other functions of the property. It is additionally very easy to clean off so you do not need to worry about getting it dirty. This is a simple yet efficient method to improve the look of the gates without needing to work with an expert in order to achieve it. You need to think about consisting of brilliant lights in your customized entrances in order to improve the visual appeal of evictions. You can select from a range of different lights that you can set up on your custom-made entrances. These lights can operate in conjunction with the lights that are placed inside of the gates to produce a far better total appearance. You might even intend to position lights on the side of the gates in order to make them look a lot more appealing from the road. Along with adding aesthetic charm with personalized gate installation, you require to take the protection of the surrounding location right into factor to consider when you are mounting your entrances. This implies that you must ensure that your gateway is set up to meet the safety standards that are required for the location where you live. There are lots of great security attributes offered for the gates that will be installed in your yard. You can choose safety and security features such as barbed cable, strong steel, and also safety lighting in order to make your property as protected as possible. The final point that you intend to consider when it comes to the installation of personalized gateway layouts is the aesthetic value that you are attempting to contribute to your business building. If you are searching for an eye-catching gateway for your industrial building, after that you need to focus on the colors that you are most likely to utilize in the customized gateway installation. You can pick from a wide range of various colors that are offered to you for evictions that you are most likely to mount on your industrial residential or commercial property. You ought to likewise take notice of the products that are utilized for the gates to maintain your business residential property looking elegant and also attractive. By taking every one of these things right into factor to consider, you will certainly be able to discover a personalized gate layout that is both appealing as well as will certainly work to enhance the total appearance of your industrial home.

domain: design


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There is little question that the workplace is where most people spend the majority of their time. Equally true is the fact that today’s workplace is often filled with stressful situations and sometimes complex relationships. It is only natural that periodic disagreements will arise between employees. Fortunately, most employee workplace disputes are generally little more than verbal exchanges, sometimes heated, between employees. They are most commonly precipitated by a comment or conduct that one or the other finds offensive. Such conflicts rarely lead to anything more than hurt feelings and estrangement of the parties. Many times employers simply ignore such situations, expecting that the employees will work it out. However, given today’s increasingly diverse workplace, it is possible that an employee conflict could create potential legal liability for the employer. For example, a hostile comment or conduct that relates to an employee’s race, gender, national origin, or other status protected under law could create employer obligations beyond simply smoothing out the conflict.
Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and related state human rights laws all make comments or conduct that are derogatory of an employee’s unique protected status a form of “unlawful harassment.” In such a case, the employer’s response must go beyond merely resolving the employees’ disagreement and avoiding escalation of the situation. The unlawful harassment must be addressed and adequate steps taken to assure that there is no reoccurrence of the discriminatory conduct. While in theory, unlawful harassment must be “severe” or “pervasive” to be legally actionable, the reality is that in some circumstances a single offensive comment could be the basis of legal liability. Moreover, a hostile remark or act that implicates an employee’s protected status can have repercussions in the workplace for beyond the individuals involved.
In this issue, we take a comprehensive look at the future of social media, SEO, apps, and more and how they can affect your contracting business. We also look at new home automation and zoning products and trends that will benefit your customers in terms of comfort and convenience.
Check back throughout the week for additional content.

domain: law


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Wednesday, September 4, 2013
LATE SUMMER MANTEL
Craftberry Bush. I love this idea because you can use the same frame to transition into different holidays or seasons. Just swap out the leaves and flowers for ornaments or snowflakes. For the Fall, you might want to use faux flowers to prevent them from drying up a bit and crackling onto your mantel. Plus, they might be easier to hang from the twine. Find the full tutorial here.

domain: artistic


These top 10 stories across the nation’s newspapers might interest you.
1. 2023: Ex-gov Dankwambo wins PDP Gombe North Senatorial ticket
The former Gombe State Governor, Ibrahim Dankwambo, on Monday won the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) primary for the Gombe North Senatorial District. Read more
2. Ortom, ex-Ondo deputy gov, Ajayi secure PDP Senate tickets
The Benue state governor, Samuel Ortom, on Monday won the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) senatorial ticket for the 2023 elections in Benue North-West Senatorial District. Read more
3.EFCC re-arraigns ex-finance minister, Yuguda, Dasuki, 3 others for alleged N23bn fraud
The Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) on Monday re-arraigned a former Minister of Finance, Bashir Yaguda and four others for alleged misappropriation of N23.3 billion at Federal Capital Territory (FCT) High Court, Maitama. Read more
4. Kanu’s US lawyer, Bruce Fein, challenges AGF Malami to public debate
Bruce Fein, the US-based lawyer for detained leader of outlawed Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), Nnamdi Kanu, has thrown an open challenge to Nigerian Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation (AGF), Abubakar Malami, (SAN), to a public debate. Read more
5. Court dismisses govs suit challenging NFIU’s guidelines on local councils’ accounts
Justice Inyang Ekwo of the Federal High Court, Abuja, on Monday dismissed a suit by the 36 state governments seeking to stop the Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit (NFIU) from implementing its guidelines on the administration of local council funds. Read more
6. Investors lose N36.9bn as Nigeria’s capital market continues bearish run
The Nigerian stock market extended its loss into this week with a -0.12 percent crash in equity capitalization on Monday. Read more
7. Nigeria’s GDP grows by 3.11% in Q1, 2022 —NBS
Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 3.11 per cent in the first quarter of 2022, according to figures from the National Bureau of Statistics’ (NBS) Quarterly Report released on Monday. Read more
8. NDLEA destroys 21 tonnes of Indian hemp, others in Niger
The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) in Niger on Monday destroyed Indian hemp and other psychotropic substances weighing 21 tonnes in Maikunkule village, Bosso Local Government Area of the state. Read more
9. Police vows to hunt down Anambra lawmaker’s killers
The Anambra State Police Command on Monday vowed to hunt down the killers of a member of the state House of Assembly, Dr. Okechukwu Okoye. Read more
10. Mbappe says dream move to Madrid not over despite new PSG deal
Kylian Mbappe has said that his dream move to Spanish side Real Madrid is not over despite his new contract with French club Paris Saint-Germain. Read more
Join the conversation
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FEATURE: Ogun residents, waste collectors trade blames, as refuse litter environment
TIJANI ABDULKABEER, a journalist from the University of Ibadan, during a recent trip to Sango Otta, Ogun State took a look...
INVESTIGATION: How online fraudsters siphon victims’ funds through ‘SportyBet’ platform
As Nigeria transits into a cashless society, the evolution also creates opportunities for internet scammers to take advantage of unsuspecting...
SPECIAL REPORT: Enugu govt watches as waste takes over state, threatens public health, environment
In this report, Arinze Chijioke looks at how delays in evacuation of waste in Enugu State encourages indiscriminate waste disposal, its health implications, and how...
SPECIAL REPORT: Illegal miners degrade Ekiti community, engage in child labour
The activities of illegal miners in a community in Ekiti State have caused degradation of the environment, as miners engage...
SPECIAL REPORT: Inside the illegal trading of forest woods in Cross River community
“With a N20,000 bribe, an external buyer can influence the youth in host communities , Cross River State, to cut...


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Although many theories have been speculated upon as to why the government was so forceful in its recent dealings with the Nevada rancher, Clive Bundy, a federal judge has recently declared conspiracy. Further shocking the nation, the judge noted that this isn’t the first time the government has used its full force to bully a contesting rancher.
U.S. District Court Judge Robert C. Jones recently spoke out, as he could contain no more the baffling resemblance in a similar instance. Sharing that the governments acts have formed a visible pattern, Jones claimed that he could accurately describe the intentions of the BLM.
Referring to the case of United States v. Estate of Hage, explains that similar circumstance fell upon a fellow Nevada rancher after he too defied the United States government. As we’ve reported before, the BLM claimed that in an effort to prevent land from being destroyed due to over grazing by ranchers using public land, they would be subject to grazing fees.
Bundy has ever since rejected the assertion that he owes the government money as he and his family had been using the land since long before even the creation of the BLM. At the time however, back in 1993, the BLM decided to start charging those who wished to use the public land in order to cut back on cheapskate land abusers.
When this was brought up, Nevada rancher E. Wayne Hage signed his grazing permit renewal but noted that he was in no way, forfeiting his families long standing rights to use the land for his cattle. Explaining that his family had the right to the land, and in so its grass and water, they were more than shocked when they received their permit back informing them that it had been rejected.
It seems as though Hage was being retaliated against by the full force of the United States Government in return for their blatant defiance. Hage was then said to state his intentions of taking the government to court in which he received further inconveniences in the form of retaliation from the governing entity.
The government even went so far at that point to invite other ranchers to apply for grazing rights such as, Mr. Gary Snow, who were then granted the privilege of land usage. When all the permits weren’t filled, the government even applied themselves, under the Nevada State Engineer, for grazing rights despite the state or government owning exactly zero cattle.
Sharing his outrage years later as the government illegally repeats their actions, Jones writes, “By filing for a public water reserve, the Government in this case sought specifically to transfer to others water rights belonging to the Hages.” Further his accusations he went on to say, “For this reason, the Court has held certain government officials in contempt and referred the matter to the U.S. Attorney’s Office. In summary, government officials, and perhaps also Mr. Snow, entered into a literal, intentional conspiracy to deprive the Hages not only of their permits but also of their vested water rights.”
Concluding his thoughts he noted, “This behavior shocks the conscience of the Court and provides a sufficient basis for a finding of irreparable harm to support the injunction described at the end of this Order.” Jones however is not alone in his findings as other’s believe the government has acted in a severed abuse of authority.
Of course, coming from this administration, it isn’t a shock as senior editor of The New American, William F. Jasper, asks, “Has Attorney General Eric Holder prosecuted any federal officials for criminal activity and violation of the Hage family’s constitutionally protected rights? No. Has Sen. Harry Reid denounced this lawlessness and criminal activity by government officials and call upon President Obama and Attorney General Holder to protect the citizens of his state from the depredations of federal officials under their command? No.”
Sharing the same sentiment as held by countless other Americans, Jasper concludes, “With attitudes such as those expressed above by Sen. Harry Reid, it is almost a certainty that the recently defused Bundy Ranch standoff will be replayed again — and in the not-too-distant future. And the outcome could be much less amicable for all concerned.”
What do you think – is this conspiracy worthy? Is the government acting outside its bounds yet again? Let us know by leaving a comment below.

domain: news


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While the terms ‘binomial name’ and ‘bionominal name’ both are technically correct, the term ‘scientific name’ is much more popular than them. They take a special liking for those that live in very different habitats, and that have interesting characteristics such as flying or swimming.
Online animals activities for preschool and kindergarten kids.
All animals name in english pdf. “look at that cute baby cat!” is not something you hear very often. Draw lines to connect the matching words and pictures. A to z animals is an online animal index that provides quick information about all the animals of the world along with pictures and videos.
A glossary of names of animals in hindi and english. Click any of the animals listed below to discover stunning facts and beautiful pictures. Kids need to learn about animals as they are an important part of nature.
To view any of the lessons below click on link. To view any of the lessons below click on link. There’s nothing technically wrong but english already offers a shorter, more familiar term for such;
In this topic, we will see the names of animal shelters. Many animals, particularly domesticated, have specific names for males, females, young, and groups. Here is a complete list of animal names and the names used for male, female, young and groups:
Not a huge list but it includes the most common animals you can have as […] Click on the picture of an animal to get started. You can click on the printer icon just below and to the right of the contact us menu button at the top of the page.
Dictionary and how to use dictionaries Names for animals and their homes. Les animaux de la mer.
In 1973 carl linnaeus, a practical swedish biologist classified species into two names, one is genus and other is a specific name. That is the name of animal shelters. You will get the list for homes of birds as well as persons in the related topics.
To print the lesson on animals right click on a white space and choose print. Animals names, animals and their young ones. Farm animals learning english lesson.
Lessons that are related to list of animals from a to z. In this post, i have included ppt of animals and their homes and at the end of this post, you will find a downloadable pdf file of this whole lesson. Feel free to leave a comment if you find any errors or if you have any suggestions to make to improve this lesson.
In this part, we will see the names for the homes of animals. Most terms used here may be found in common dictionaries and general information web sites. Learn these types of animals to increase your vocabulary about animals in english and thus enhance your english in general.
When learning english, you are likely to come across a lot of animals, each of these has its own name. 10i four corners workbook animals a to zi 11 draw lines to connect the matching capital and lower case letters. At the end of this post, you will find ppt and downloadable pdf file of this entire lesson.
List of animal names with animal pictures in english. Animals which does not get shelter from human is known as wild animal. Good candidates can’t be frequent, loud barkers that drive the neighbors mad.
Animals with pictures photos learning english. Farm animals learning english lesson In this lesson, i have shown you the masculine and feminine gender of animals’ names with their pictures.
Hello friends, is post me aap wild animals name in hindi and english ke bare me janoge wild animal ko hindi me jungli janwar ( जंगली जानवर ) kehta hai or yeh animals jungle me rehte hai islye inko wild animal kaha jata hai niche post me aapko in sabhi wild animals name list provide kar raha hu to dosto chaliye suru karte hai. Animals are all over the world, and all of them are fascinating! Pets, wild animals, birds, sea animals, mammals, insects, and domestic animals name (janwar ke naam).
Like homo sapiens, which stands for humans. Animals a to z tiger s t t s sea lion sea lion sea lion sea lion tiger tiger tiger animals a to z write the following letters and words. Wild animals search for food and water by its own.
Here is a list of gujarati names of animals from english. As a human being, we all have homes to live similarly animals, whether they are wild or farm does have their homes and shelters. Plus, they must be comfortable in smaller spaces and able to saunter through crowded city streets on a leash — or in a bag — without freaking out.
Kids can have fun seeing the animal pictures. The formal system of naming different species―animals as well as plants―is known as binomial nomenclature or binominal nomenclature. Les reptiles et les amphibiens;
What are the best dogs for city living? We will love to hear from you if you would like to provide you feedback in making these tutorials more interesting or better. If you would like to know gujarati name of any other animal, you can contact us through the comment section.
Les animaux de la ferme; Farm animals and pets names list ? to download and print this free english vocabulary list, click here. Learning about animals is made easier here.
Here is a list of wild animals with images given for you kids to learn more about animals and their specific characters. From aardvark to zorse we are building the most comprehensive body of animal knowledge […] From a young age, children are drawn to animals.
It is very important to know the male and female names of animals in english. 94 baby names tamil language pdf tamil language names baby pdf les fruits vietnamiens pour les nuls lecon n 2 bluetran s blog. From a young age, children are drawn to animals.
Here, i am going to share complete information about the name of animals in hindi and english with their pictures. Did you know the names of babies of adult animals? Mammals are any vertebrates within the class mammalia, a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands.females of all mammal species nurse their young with milk, secreted from the mammary glands.
Here is a list of animals and their homes. Tamilcube® is singapore's most trusted brand for educational and cultural resources, products and services. For many animals, particularly domesticated ones, there are specific names for males, females, young, and groups.
Animals learning english with pictures. Animals and their sounds apes gibber asses bray bears growl bees hum, buzz, murmur beetles drone birds sing bitterns boom blackbirds whistle bulls bellow calves bleat cats meow, mew, purr, chickens peep, cackle cocks crow cows moo, low crows caw cuckoos cuckoo deer bell dogs bark, woof, arf Animals name (जानवरों के नाम):
Inch fruits name in hindi and english fruits and vegetables 40 different fruits name english and hindi fruits chart 28 photo vegetables and fruits fruit picture mfm toys fruits and dry fruits bilingual hindi english. The cub of each animal is named in different ways. Animals and their names sea animals vocabulary with pictures english words.


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Flu Shot Facts: What, Why and When
It’s flu season, and ads for flu shots are everywhere. You got one last year, but still got sick. So, why bother? UR Medicine vaccine expert Dr. John Treanor explains why it’s important to get a flu shot every year.
The news of Duchess Kate Middleton’s second pregnancy—and accompanying morning sickness—again sheds light on this unfortunate side of pregnancy. Morning sickness can be a royal pain for many expectant moms. UR Medicine obstetrician Dr. Loralei L. Thornburg, who sees a lot of patients with severe morning sickness, answers some commonly asked questions about the condition.
9/8/2014 | 0 comments
If morning sickness—and worry over treating it—overshadows the thrill of being pregnant, you may be happy to learn that a popular nausea medication appears to be safe for both mom and baby. A major study, published in this week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, reinforces the safety of metoclopramide (Reglan), which is often prescribed when other treatments don’t ease severe symptoms.
10/15/2013 | 3 comments


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In many countries the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.
It is true that nowadays people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences to this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.
As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, several related problems can be anticipated. The main issue is that there will obviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension. The proportion of younger, working adults will be smaller, and governments will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the population. In other words, an ageing population will mean a greater tax burden of working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demand for healthcare, and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives.
There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this age tend to be healthy enough to continue a productive working life. A second measure would be for governments to encourage immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from national budgets will need to be taken from other areas and spent for vital healthcare, accommodation and transport facilities for the rising numbers of senior citizens.
In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.
This essay covers the task requirements, however some problems of aging population get only a brief mention. The linking of sentences in the second body paragraph is somewhat ‘mechanical’ and could have been improved. Information sequencing and organization in paragraphs are done well. The range of vocabulary and the fluency of its use, as well as lack of errors are impressive. Overall, this is a good example of how to get Band 8 without writing a very long essay.

domain: economics


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Environment / initial situation
Worldwide, the cultivation of crops is dominated by hybrid varieties and varieties that have been modified using genetic engineering methods. This serves the uniformity of the harvest and the high yield expectations of producers. Typically, however, the commercially available varieties have a low adaptability to locations and environmental conditions, which has to be compensated for with chemical fertilisers and plant protection products. As a result, producers have become increasingly dependent on multinational suppliers who offer fertilisers and pesticides in addition to seeds. Up to now, politics has supported this system – with massive negative consequences for farmers as well as for the environment and society.
bioverita – an alternative
The basis for an alternative are varieties from organic breeding. bioverita recognises and certifies new, robust and high-performance crop varieties that are optimally adapted to the conditions of organic agriculture. bioverita wants to increase the use of these varieties and make them better known in cultivation and marketing. In this way, farmers will once again be more involved in their original task. bioverita’s non-profit purpose is to promote organic/ecological and biodynamic plant breeding (organic breeding) as a cultural task within the framework of a long-term, cross-association, organic/ecological agriculture and food economy (purpose article 2 from the statutes).
bioverita is the international organisation for the promotion and quality assurance of organic breeding, open to all organic breeders.
- From breeding to the final product. We make varieties from organic breeding visible along the value chain.
- Visibility is achieved by labelling varieties or products from organic breeding.
1.1 bioverita wants …
- … knowledge about organic breeding increases.
- … transparency is created in the production of organic food and thus special trust is created in food from varieties from organic breeding.
- … the use of organically bred varieties is increasing and accounts for a high proportion of total consumption.
- … there is a high level of knowledge about organic breeding along the entire value chain.
- … those involved in the value chain implement this knowledge.
- … the majority of organic products are produced with varieties from certified organic breeding. (cultivation and processing)
- … consumers can recognise that the products come from varieties from organic breeding and thus offer added value.
1.2 bioverita’s position in the organic sector
All organic plant breeders1 are members of bioverita. All varieties of these plant breeders are registered with bioverita and are certified by bioverita.
All seed companies that propagate bioverita-certified varieties are active members of bioverita and label these varieties.
All organic farmers and organic horticulturists know bioverita, know what bioverita stands for and use bioverita-certified varieties.
The relevant processors/manufacturers want to process bioverita-certified varieties and label the end products accordingly.
All organic wholesalers and retailers know bioverita, know what bioverita stands for, and want to carry the bioverita-certified products of the respective manufacturers in their assortment.
All consumers know bioverita, know what bioverita stands for and want to buy these products.
To this end, bioverita wants good framework conditions for organic breeding (e.g. through compulsory use and labelling) and is committed to this. In order to achieve its objectives, bioverita needs a powerful organisation.
2.1 bioverita provides information along the value chain and …
- … educates about organic breeding, collects knowledge and anchors this in the entire value chain.
- … awards the bioverita label to breeders and their varieties if the high quality standards are met.
- … provides information about the certified farms and their varieties.
- … promotes the use of varieties from organic breeding and thus increases their market share.
- … cooperates with organic associations such as Bio Suisse, Demeter, Bioland, Naturland and others in order to increase the use of organic varieties.
2.2 bioverita is a platform for organic breeding, and …
- … provides growers with information on what is happening in the market.
- … communicates the information from the breeders to the value chain.
- … enables joint marketing for organic breeding and the varieties of the breeders.
2.3 bioverita facilitates and promotes market partnerships. Within these partnerships …
- … we network and support the members of the value chain.
- … we ensure the dissemination of information on organic breeding.
- … we are in constant exchange with the contact persons, thus ensuring positive reporting and supporting the market partners in their communication.
2.4 bioverita raises public awareness and ensures information dissemination about organic breeding by providing …
- … enable organic breeding to be present at events and trade fairs.
- … serve media distributors with the important information.
- … inform about organic breeding through various media channels.
- … create trust through transparency.
2.5 bioverita raises the necessary funds for its activities through …
- … annual contributions from members
- … Support contributions from members and other stakeholders.
- … contributions from companies, associations, foundations and other organisations.
bioverita: Organic from the beginning. From breeding to the final product!
1) Organic plant breeders must undergo a recognition process at bioverita, which ensures that they meet the requirements set by bioverita.
Here you can find further information for download:

domain: food


Malia Obama's Reported Boyfriend Has A Tie To The Royal Family
Malia Obama is boo'd up, y'all, and it seems like her boyfriend has her dad Barack Obama's approval. During a December 2020 appearance on Bill Simmon's podcast, the former POTUS opened up about Malia Obama's reported boyfriend, and he had nothing but good things to say... mostly. Apparently, Malia's BF quarantined with the Obamas at the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak in the U.S., which is a pretty big deal, IMO. "He was sort of stuck because there was a whole visa thing," Barack explained, noting his daughter's boo is from Britain. "So we took him in and I didn't want to like him, but he's a good kid."
So who is this guy who has stolen Malia's (and apparently, Barack's) heart? Though she's never confirmed her BF's identity, Malia is rumored to be dating Rory Farquharson, a fellow Harvard student who she was reportedly spotted kissing at a Harvard-Yale football tailgate back in November 2017, per TMZ. A few months later, USA Today published pics of the maybe-couple reportedly strolling the streets of New York City. According to Vanity Fair, Rory reportedly deleted his social media accounts around the same time, which I don't think is a coincidence. Malia even reportedly spent the holidays with Rory and his family in London in 2019, per the Daily Mail.
According to The Sun, Rory is the son of Charles Farquharson, the CEO of Insight Investment Management Limited, and Catherine Farquharson, an accountant. Before attending Harvard, Rory graduated from the Rugby School in Warwickshire, England (where he was a head boy), and he previously spent a summer interning at the Centre for Democracy and Peace Building in Northern Ireland. He's reportedly studying law at Harvard.
Rory also has a surprising link to the royal family. Per Express, Rory's second cousin, Andrew Farquharson, was a career courier who once lived at Buckingham Palace and served as Queen Elizabeth II's Assistant Master of the Household. Andrew reportedly also served Prince Charles at Clarence House during his 10-year royal career, and the Queen was reportedly so impressed with his service she made Andrew a member of the Royal Victorian Order. V fancy!
Another fun fact about Malia's boo: He apparently likes to eat. While staying with the Obamas during quarantine, Malia's boyfriend surprised Barack with how much food he could put away. During his appearance on Bill Simmon's podcast, Barack joked, "The only thing you discover — this is not a surprise to you, Bill, because you've got a son — young men eat. It's weird to watch them consume food. My grocery bill went up about 30%." But despite this, Barack still deemed Malia's BF a "wonderful young man." If he's good enough for Barack, then he's good enough for me!


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Hungryroot Help Center
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June 6, 2020:
Like all other artists TV-2 had to cancel several concerts due to the covid-19 pandemic.
Inspired by these very unusual times the band recorded an old danish song from 1948 with new lyrics The last tourist in Europe.:
40 years anniversary as a band 2020
TV-2 is celebrating its 40 years anniversary as a band with stadium concerts in the 4 biggest danish cities in October/November (sold out).
June 16, 2019:
– Released in Greenland only 2014 is now available worldwide on all digital platforms:
January 28, 2019:
During summer 19 the band will play several outdoor concerts and festivals
November 21, 2018:
October 29, 2018:
The bands 19th studio album ’Close traffic in Herning’ will be released on 9th of November produced by legendary English producer Greg Walsh and Kristian Leth.
August 24, 2018:
Currently recording their 19th studioalbum which will be released in november 2018.
February 27, 2017:
Greatest Summer tour 2017
This year TV-2 will play several Danish Festivals including Tivoli in Copenhagen and Aarhus. See all dates, schedules and presale of tickets.
August 10, 2016:
TV-2 – Smukfest 2016
TV-2 was top of the bill on Denmarks second biggest festival Smukfest in Skanderborg 7th of august 2016.
This was the bands only festival gig this year featuring guests like Tina Dickow and Marie Key.
The concert was broadcasted by Danish TV and can be viewed until 7th of sept. on dr.dk
November 2, 2015:
Leading Danish Music Magazine GAFFA has nominated the new album The Good Life and band at the yearly award show in these categories:
September 8, 2015:
TV-2 visit Greenland
November 2015 TV-2 plays three concerts in Greenland. October 2014 the band released a special Greatest Greenland Live album only available in Greenland.
August 10, 2015:
More than 100.000 attended TV-2's concert in Aalborg
More than 100.000 attended TV-2's concert at The Tall Ships Race event in Aalborg on august 3rd 2015 which makes it the biggest concert event ever in Denmark.
May 10, 2015:
Hollywoodstar Connie Nielsen is one of the guest stars on the new album. The video for the song Brev til Mona (Letter to Mona) was shot while recording the new album.
album, single and tour 2015
In february 15 the band released their 18th studio album Det gode liv (The Good Life) which immediately went no. 1 in all Danish charts and became the best sold album in Denmark first quarter of 2015. The new songs were featured on a 13 venue tour spring 15, and the band will play several festivals and Tivoli in Copenhagen this summer. See tour dates here.
Oct. 16, 2014:
Greenland LIVE album
November 20th and 21st TV-2 celebrates the release of the 25 anniversary LIVE album Greatest Greenland (only available in Greenland!) at two concerts in Nuuk.
available at the local Pisiffik shop.
Listen to some of the new and exclusive tracks on YouTube.
Summer 2014 TV-2 is playing 15 open air concerts in Denmark including Skanderborg Festival and the grand opening of the Aarhus Festival Week.
The 3 piece brass section Aarhus Horns are back and after finishing the tour the band is preparing for a new album with planned release next year.
August 2013 TV-2 held their 25th Greenland anniversary at two sold out concerts in Nuuk.
April 22, 2012:
The box "Bag Duggede
November 2012 the band released a collection of 21 albums including Greg Walsh and Nick Ingmans production of 'The man that wanted a House with a View' with The Danish Radio Concert Orchestra, a DVD with the London jubilee concert and 3 books with documentaries in a solid black box with the title of the bands most popular song Behind misty windows.
box went gold with more than 10.000 sold and
at the same time TV-2 published the songbook
50 Greatest Hits containing sheets, chords,
lyrics and photos from the career.
March 5, 2012:
TV-2 Concert in
Saturday the 28th of April at 9.00 pm TV-2 will be playing a concert at Centre Culturel Paul Barblé in Luxembourg.
February 22, 2012:
This is TV-2s official homepage designed and published by Stjernekasterne.
July 7, 2011 (Upd. October 4, 2011):
November 12, 2010:
New album release
February 14, 2011
TV-2 will release their 17th studioalbum "Showtime" in February 2011 and touring Denmark in March and April 2011.
May 14, 2010 – updated June 23, 2010:
Festival tour – summer 2010
TV-2 will be playing concerts at festival tour in may, june and august:
The festival tour – summer 2010 (in danish)
Liverecording – tv-2 feat. Ufo Yepha: Be bab a lu la
August 31, 2009:
concert in Copenhagen
Saturday 5th of September 2009 TV-2 will be playing a concert at Co2penhagen Festival in Copenhagen. At the 100% CO2-neutral concert Saturday night TV-2 will also prove to be one of the most eco-friendly bands around.
March 1, 2009:
TV-2 Concert in Paris
Saturday the 28th of March at 8.00 pm TV-2 will be playing a concert at Elysee Montmartre in Paris.
January 25, 2008:
75.000 albums sold and 3
The new Album went double platinum for more than 75.000 albums sold.
TV-2 got 3 The Danish Music Awards nominations (the Danish Grammy) for best popalbum, hit of the year (s.o.m.m.e.r.) and coverartwork (Jo Dam Kærgaard).
November 30, 2007:
New album no. 1
The new album "For you I could do anything" went no. 1 in the danish charts after 1 week and more than 50.000 (Platinum) sold.
August 2, 2006:
TV-2 Concert in New York
Thursday 28th of September at 11.30 pm TV-2 will be playing a concert at B.B. King's Blues Club & Grill in New York.
March 11, 2006:
Music Awards 2006:
this years Danish Music Awards (The Danish Grammy) TV-2
won the prize for the hit of the year "De Første
Kærester På Månen" and the prize for the best pop album
"De Første Kærester På Månen" that was released in
November 05. Steffen Brandt won the prestigious award as
the best songwriter for the new album and the band won
the special price of honour 2006.
March 2, 2006:
130.000 sold and 7 DMA nominations
new Album went doubleplatinum before X-mas and
became the best sold album in Denmark 2005.
November 25, 2005:
New album no. 1
new album went no. 1 in the danish charts after 1 week
and more than 40.000 (Platinum) sold.
September 29, 2005:
New album release November 2005
On The Moon"
on November 7,
September 1, 2005:
London Calling 2005
Thursday the 3rd of November at 8.00 pm TV-2 will be playing a concert at Shepherds Bush Empire, London.
August 10, 2004:
Platinium: HITS album
this summer in
HITS and six
Platin and 6 star reviews
February 15, 2004:
Asia Tour 2004
the 2nd time
TV-2 has been
December 28, 2003:
London Calling... again!
Friday the 6th of March at 8.00 pm TV-2 will be playing a concert at Shepherds Bush Empire, London. Purchase tickets.
March 2, 2003:
TV-2 won Danish Music Awards
At this years Danish Music Awards (The Danish Grammy) TV-2 won the prize for the best pop album and Steffen Brandt the prestigious award as the best songwriter for the new album "På kanten af småt brændbart" (At the Edge of Inflammable Waste), that was released in November 02.
October 26, 2002:
New album release November 2002
TV-2 will release their 14th studioalbum November 2002.
About 25 liveshows are scheduled in February and March 2003.
August 14, 2001:
London Calling... again!
Friday the 14th of September at 7.30 pm TV-2 will be playing a concert at Shephards Bush Empire, London. Purchase tickets.
January 29, 2001:
New album release on the 29th of January!
IIt has been exactly 3 years since TV-2 released their last studio Album, "Favorite Babe" (1998).
The long awaited new CD with Denmarks most stubborn orchestra has finally arrived. Ladies and gentleman: "AMERIKA".
This album is about rising to the occasion or going down all the way. The title song says everything comes back to you with words that were said in a weak moment, ideals and dreams that were betrayed. Friends you experienced the start of your life with, now suddenly want you to stand up to your responsibility. And in the moment you thought you got it all under control - life comes barging in with its lawless logic. Whether you win or loose, do something about it!!! You begin to understand the terms - action must be taken.
Musically the hard tried orchestra throws themselves into new alliances with the sound of today´s britpop, R & B and synthpop.
The best instruments have been incorporated, the drums are being played the right way and are mixed with samples, loops, and synths. It seems unnecessary to proclaim that TV-2 had a great time in the studio.
Listen to some of the new songs (in Real Audio) here.
January 22, 2001:
TV-2 tour 2001 in Denmark and China
After the release of TV-2' new album, the band is kicking off in Denmark in a profound spring tour that also includes Shanghai and Beijing China. The whole concert experience can be found here.
June 12, 2000:
Midtfyns Festival 2000
"Denmark's most happy live band" is staging a marathon concert to mark the 25th Midtfyns Festival. With the motto "rock till we drop", TV-2 will be playing a gala concert with invited guest soloists and other surprises (even for them). The gala concert will mark the end of the band's summer tour. It will be the only "extended version"....
November 10, 1999:
New album with symphony orchestra
"The man who longed for a sea view" is the title of a new CD which will be released on the 19th of November.
The sixteen tracks were recorded at the sold out concert with the Danish Radio Orchestra and the Peter Schaufuss ballet at the Aarhus Festival week in September 99. Working together with the English arranger and conductor Nick Ingman who has worked with Portishead, Eric Clapton and many other well known artists the album combines TV-2's more lyrical songs with the sound of a symphony orchestra.
Listen to the song De Lyse Timer (The light hours) with Real Audio or as a MP3 file by clicking here
June 27, 1999:
TV-2 with ballet and symphonyorchestra
The biggest event at the Århus Festival Week will be a special concert at which TV-2 will be performing with the international Peter Schaufuss Ballet and the Danish Radioorchestra conducted by Nick Ingman, who lately has worked with Radiohead, Eric Clapton, Portishead and the film Shakespeare In Love.The concerts will take place at The Concert Hall Aarhus 2nd - 4th of september.
Tickets are available at The Concert Hall Aarhus, call tel. + 45 - 89 31 82 10. 2 concerts are scheduled at the Falconer Theatre in Copenhagen on the 20th of november at 4 pm and 8 pm. For tickets call tel. +45 - 7015 65 65
June 21, 1999:
TV-2 on the Roskilde Festival
Sunday the 4th of July at 9.30 pm TV-2 will be the last artist to perform on the Orange Canopy Stage.
The concert wil be transmitted on the internet on this address www.musik.org
April 15, 1999:
Double Live CD release on the 10th af may!
A Greatest collection of 30 songs recorded at 9 concerts through the nineties will be released on monday the 10th of may.
It will be the first release of tv-2 on their own label: "PladeSelskabet Have a Cigar" and will be distributed by Emi/Medley.
February 7, 1999:
TV-2 won the Peoples Prize
TV-2 has been nominated in the following categories of the Danish Grammy 1999 which took place in Copenhagen 6th of February:
The band didn't make it this time but got the Peoples Prize for outstanding achievements i 1998. Last years winner Aqua were on stage in the Tivoli Concert hall to congratulate tv-2 with the prize which includes 25.000 Danish kroner.
June 15, 1998:
First Danish Internet concert from the last ferry across the Great Belt
TV-2 celebrated the opening of the worlds second largest hanging bridge with a concert on the sun deck of the very last ferry across the Great Belt on sunday the 14th of june 98 at 10.30 pm.
The concert was transmitted directly on the internet). In the end of 1998 the concert was broadcasted by the national danish television.
The band was formed in the winter of 1980/81 in Aarhus, Denmark.
Steffen Brandt, vocals, keyboards, guitar; Hans Erik Lerchenfeld, guitar; Georg Olesen, bass; Sven Gaul, drums.
out in the
rock of that
time the band
into a unique
has its roots
in rock with a
style that is
the songs you
a playful and
changed into a
more raw kind
a high level
have been an
the times we
TV-2 was formed after the break-up of the Aarhus symphonic-rock band Taurus which had been touring a lot since 1974 changing band members now and again. In 1978 Taurus recorded the album "Whatever Happened to the Sixties" with the current TV-2 musicians, Steffen Brandt, Hans Erik Lerchenfeld, Georg Olesen and Sven Gaul. You could hear that the band members had been listening to John McLaughlin and Jimi Hendrix, but the main inspiration was Pink Floyd. TV-2 was formed at the new year 1980/81. Without a recording contract the band recorded the debut album "Fantastiske Toyota" (Fantastic Toyota) - now with lyrics in Danish. The band borrowed 30,000 DKR (approx. 3,000 GBP) and had Cy Nicklin engineer and mix the album. As it turned out five record companies were interested, and the Danish branch of CBS succeeded in signing the band. Having to sell this new concept in partnership with TV-2 CBS embarked in a promotion campaign that was to become something of a milestone in Danish promotion work, as it included a widespread use of the then newly invented telefax. At the Roskilde Festival later that year the band's performance was a visual bombardment - white boiler-suits, blue neon, white Venetian blinds and TV-monitors. It was concept art that was really going places, but not many people had a clue as to what was going on.
The following two years and two albums were used by TV-2 to perfect the concept - the rapid tempo, the melodic tunes, the pop-rock style, use of synthesizers and drum machines - and lyrics by Steffen Brandt, of course. The lyrics of the second album - "Verden er vidunderlig" (The World is Wonderful) - was still quite concise and observant, and the music, which was produced by Nicklin yet again, had a similar style to the first record. Gradually Brandt improved his style, and he ended up being one of the finest lyricists in Denmark with a lyrical universe that reflected the everyday language among young people. The next three albums confirmed TV-2's position and they got double platinum for the album "Real Men", and the ballad "Bag duggede ruder" was released in English as well and called "Misty Windows". This song is considered, by the way, to be one of Danish pop rock's most beautiful ballads and has been voted Best Danish Song Ever by radiolisteners in 2002 and tv viewers in 2011.
As a natural consequence of the status which the group had attained on the concert stage, "En dejlig torsdag" (Lovely Thursday) was followed by "Fri som fuglen" (Free as a Bird), a live double album. TV-2 released a live album again in 1999 - "Verdens lykkeligste band - live" (The Happiest Band in the World - Live). In 1988 "Nærmest lykkelig" (Almost Happy) was released. The press pronounced it the band's best album to date. It had the character of a Steffen Brandt solo album with very personal lyrics, almost "roman .. clef"-like. The album "Vi bli'r aldrig voksne" (We'll never grow up anyway) gave Brandt rich opportunity to both play and seriously satirize the outside world's incredible ability never to learn. It was the band's fifth platinum album in a row, and the band received numerous awards and prizes as well. The following year the group celebrated their 10 years anniversary releasing "Slaraffenland" (Land of Milk and Honey, or El Dorado), and TV-2 wanted once again to play with the music and give The Aarhus Horns their recording debut. The band considered "Slaraffenland" to be kind of a cleansing process, but the audience was not particularly impressed.
TV-2 took a break, interrupted in November 1992 by a greatest hits collection, "De unge år" (The Early Years), which made room for a new chapter in their careers and resulted in splash headlines, when the group achieved double platinum sales of "Verdens lykkeligste mand" (The Happiest Man in the World) in 1994. The Danish audience loved it, and the stage was set for yet another national tour of triumph and preparations for the 13th album, "Kys bruden" (Kiss the Bride), which was also their first album for EMI-Medley. The title song from this album, "Kom lad os brokke os" (Let's Have a Good Moan) and "Sån't er livet" (That's Life) became big hits. Ending their second decade with the release of "Yndlingsbabe" (Favourite Babe) and "Amerika" TV-2 entered a new millenium. You recognized the special TV-2 sound, and yet you could hear that something had happened. The critics wondered, but they finally came up with an answer. One critic said:" It's amazing listening to TV-2. They still sound like TV-2, but the music style changes in an imperceptible but outstanding way. New angles, different intonations and surprise combinations result in a fresh and new sound". Both albums brought about several new classics. Rewarding the band's importance to the Danish language TV-2 was selected to give a special concert at the opening of an exhibition at the Danish National Museum in the presence of Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik. During the summer of 2002 TV-2 finished a new album, "På kanten af småt brændbart" (At the Edge of Inflammable Waste), that was released in November and received the Danish Music Award for best popalbum that year.
The album First Lovers On The Moon was released november 2005 and received 4 Danish Music Awards (equivalent to the american Grammy) for best popalbum, best hitsingle, best songwriter (Steffen Brandt) and the band received The Special Prize of Honour 2006.
In 2007 their summersingle s.o.m.m.e.r. went no.1 for almost two rainy months while the band played Northern Europes biggest festivaltour The Green Concerts.
the 19th of
the new album
"for you I
new songs in
people on the
The 17th studioalbum SHOWTIME went immediately no. 1 february 2011 followed by a nationwide 17 venue tour.
On the 11.11.11 the band held their 30 anniversary concert in Londons legendary Shepherd's Bush Empire and was shown on national TV New Years Evening.
Now it was time to collect 21 albums including Greg Walsh and Nick Ingmans production of The man that wanted a House with a View with The Danish Radio Concert Orchestra, a DVD with the London concert and 3 books with documentaries in a solid black box with the title of the bands most popular song Behind misty windows.
Released nov. 2012 the box went gold with more than 10.000 sold and at the same time TV-2 published the songbook 50 Greatest Hits containing sheets, chords, lyrics and photos from the career.
12 TV-2 played
the first of
front of an
songs from the
November 2014 TV-2 released a Live album Greatest Greenland celebrating the 25th anniversary of the bands first performance in Greenland. Several famous artists from Greenland joined the band for this special event.
February 2015 TV-2 released their 18th studio album Det Gode Liv (The Good Life) which immediately went no 1 and became the best sold album first quarter of 15 in Denmark.
November 2018 the album ‘Tæt trafik I Herning’ (Heavy traffic in Herning) was released and immediately topped the Danish charts. 2019 the band played more than 40 sold out concerts, some of them featuring both an acoustic and electric setup.
2019 TV-2 published a 80 pages photobook by danish photographer Kim Søndergård available on postshop.dk
2021 the band celebrated their 40 years anniversary with both acoustic end electric concerts and the release of the the live album The Holbæk Recordings 81. This very first live recording of TV-2 has been restored by dedicated sound techs and is now available on tv-2dk.lnk.to/TheHolbaekRecordings81
In 1982 TV-2 released an album under the pseudonym "The Beautifuls" as a reaction to the outrage that followed the release of the "new wave" debut album. It was called "Om sommeren er alting anderledes" (In the Summer Everything is Different). In 1990 TV-2 released the single "The Whole World's Gonna Speak German Again", inspired by the events surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall. The single was released both in Denmark and in Germany. The band has made a point of not simply delivering the stereotype video product on TV. "Nærmest lykkelig - live", a concert and road-movie recorded on tour, was broadcasted in 1988. In the following years you could see "De kom lige forbi" (They Just Dropped In), 1990 - a report from Greenland (the band's adopted country), "10 år der rystede verden" (10 Years that Rocked the World) - a simulated documentary based on the story of a pop band with the general emphasis on delivering rock and roll, but creating havoc in particular. In 1994 TV-2 received a pat on the back from their colleagues in the form of the Danish Musicians Union's Award (30,000 DKR - approx. 3,000 GBP). Steffen Brandt received the Dan Turéll Award in 1996. The song "Kom lad os brokke os" was used as an essay subject in a Danish examination at Danish elementary schools in 1997. In 1999 the band established their own record company, Have A Cigar. At the yearly festival in Aarhus a production of the dance-rock-performance "Manden der ønskede sig en havudsigt" (The Man that Wanted a House with a View) was shown. The Englishman Nick Ingman (George Michael, Madonna and many others) had arranged and conducted 16 Steffen Brandt-compositions and the Danish Radio Concert Orchestra played together with TV-2. The dance was choreographed by Peter Schaufuss and performed by his company. The music was released on a cd that year. The band doesn't just follow the daily trend, but they are very good at keeping up with what's happening in society. The band has worked with producers like Greg Walsh (Heaven 17, Tina Turner), Anders Glenmark, Thomas Helmig, Halfdan E., Nikolaj Steen, Thomas Troelsen and Peter Biker (Craig Davis).urner), Anders Glenmark, Thomas Helmig, Halfdan E., Nikolaj Steen and Peter Biker (Craig Davis).
This bandstory is published by kind permission from Torben Bille, chief editor of the book "Politikens Dansk Rock".


text: Based on a pair of short stories by Andre Dubus, this drama brings two marriages and four lives to a crossroads by infidelity. Jack (Mark Ruffalo) is a college professor whose marriage to Terry (Laura Dern) has been going through a rough patch. Beyond the tensions over Terry's failings as a mother and housekeeper, Jack is deeply infatuated with Edith (Naomi Watts), the beautiful wife of his best friend, Hank (Peter Krause), a fellow professor and struggling poet. As it happens, Edith is also attracted to Jack, and they soon begin an affair that Edith is certain will soon be found out. Hank, meanwhile, is a man with a flexible attitude about his own fidelity, and he falls into a relationship with Terry. Before long, all four parties learn about the infidelity of their spouses and friends, with differing reactions; Terry becomes desperate to save her marriage, Jack decides he's in love with Edith, but neither couple is willing to divorce.


text:
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