text:
Until recently, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) disease in cattle was regarded as the effect of a one agent stress, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (classical BSE or BSE-C). we discovered that BASE SCH-527123 didn’t produce shorter success situations in these mice weighed against BSE-C, unlike previous research using overexpressing bovine transgenic mice. Amyloid plaques had been only within mice challenged with SCH-527123 atypical BSE and neuropathological features, including strength of PrP deposition in the mind and intensity of vacuolar degeneration had been much less pronounced in Bottom weighed against BSE-C-challenged mice. Launch Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is normally a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of cattle, and belongs to several illnesses referred to as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion illnesses. BSE was initially reported in 1987 (Bruce for 15 min. Human brain homogenate supernatant in the transgenic handles and mice was incubated with or without 20 g proteinase K ml?1 for 1 h at 37 C. The merchandise had been denatured and separated on the 12?% Novex Tris/glycine gel (Invitrogen) before transfer to PVDF membrane by American blotting. The quantity of human brain tissue packed onto the gels mixed between 0.6 and 3 mg. PrP was discovered with mAb 6H4 (0.1 g ml?1) and rings visualized through the use of HRP-labelled anti-mouse extra antibody (Jackson Immuno Analysis Laboratories) and a chemiluminescence substrate (Roche). Pictures had been captured on radiographic film and using a Kodak 440CF digital imager. PCR genotyping of mouse tail DNA. All mice had been analysed by PCR post-mortem to verify PrP genotype. Mouse tail DNA was extracted and genotyped as defined previously (Bishop et al., 2006). Acknowledgements The writers wish to acknowledge Teacher J. Manson for the gene-targeted bovine Tg series; I. McConnell, V. Thomson, S. Cumming, S. Carpenter, R. K and Greenan. Hogan for experimental set Rabbit polyclonal to KCTD1 up, credit scoring and treatment of the pets; A. Coghill, A. Boyle, S. G and Mack. McGregor for histology credit scoring and handling; as well as the Veterinary Laboratories Company, Weybridge, UK, for offering the cattle BSE human brain pool. These research had been partially funded by the meals Standards Company (FSA) UK (agreement M03054) and NIH-NIAID SCH-527123 contract no.Y1-AI-4893-02 and Meals and Medication Administration (FDA) contract zero. 224-05-1307. The results and conclusions in this specific article never have been officially disseminated with the FDA and really should not really end up being construed to represent any Company determination or plan. Records This paper was backed by the next grant(s): Food Criteria Company (FSA) UK M03054. NIH-NIAID Y1-AI-4893-02. Meals and Medication Administration (FDA) 224-05-1307. Footnotes Supplementary statistics can be found with the web version of the SCH-527123 paper..
Background Man circumcision (MC) has been proven to reduce the chance of male genital diseases. wedded (OR = 0.43), perceiving redundant prepuce/phimosis seeing that an illness (OR = 1.93), and if a sufferers partner supported MC (OR = 1.39). 58% (n = 122) acquired received information regarding the foreskin from another party: 18% (n = 37) from college, 8% (n = 17) from family members, 17% (n = 36) from close friends, 27% (n = 57) from healthcare suppliers. About 4% (n = 8) thought that their companions disliked their redundant prepuce/phimosis. 20% (n = 42) acquired received doctors information to endure circumcision. Conclusion Understanding of the foreskin was low among Chinese language males. Our research elucidates the elements connected with WTC and shows that even more education of the populace about the foreskin might help improve the identification of the correctible abnormality SCH-527123 and help sufferers measure the potential function of MC within their wellness. Launch Redundant prepuce/phimosis is certainly common in guys. Male circumcision may be the first human urologic medical procedures performed in lots of countries [1,2]. The potency of male circumcision (MC) in stopping transmission and lowering the chance of urologic disease through the neonatal period [3,4] and sexually sent attacks (STIs) within the life time [5,6] previously continues to be reported. Studies claim that uncircumcised guys have higher threat of obtaining STIs including syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia than circumcised guys [7,8]. Randomized managed studies (RCTs) in Africa show that MC decreased the chance of HIV infections by 50% to 60% in heterosexual guys [9,10,11], aswell as the chance Kcnh6 of herpes virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections and individual papillomavirus (HPV) infections . Among the feminine companions of circumcised guys, bacterial vaginosis was decreased by 40% and trichomonas vaginalis infections was decreased by 48% . It would appear that in the configurations studied, MC decreases the chance of STIs in guys (especially viral) aswell as STI transmitting to their feminine partners . Extra great things about male circumcision might add a lower threat of penile cancers , a lower threat of foreskin attacks, and less complicated genital hygiene. On the other hand, a organized review recommended that male circumcision does not have any adverse influence on intimate function, sensitivity, intimate sensation, or fulfillment . MC is preferred with the Joint US Plan on HIV/Helps (UNAIDS) and is regarded as yet another and important technique to prevent heterosexually obtained HIV infections in guys . However, MC isn’t practiced among Chinese language men commonly. The prevalence of MC world-wide is nearly 30%; just 5% of Chinese language males have already been circumcised . As the understanding of circumcision or the acceptability of MC have already been studied in women and men in sub-Saharan Africa [19,20], america , Thailand , and Traditional western China , small is well known approximately the elements linked to the data of determination and foreskin to possess MC. Companions and doctors’ behaviour relating to circumcision and the way in which by which guys acquire understanding of the prepuce never have been reported in the books. To begin with to examine this presssing concern, we studied several Chinese guys who have unusual foreskin by means of redundant prepuce/phimosis also to recognize the elements connected with MC in Changsha, China. Strategies Research style and topics This scholarly research was executed on SCH-527123 the Outpatient SCH-527123 Section of Urology, Xiangya Medical center, Central South School in Changsha, China. Between 2014 and SCH-527123 March 2015 Sept, 744 male sufferers acquired physical examinations in the outpatient section, among whom we recruited 237 sufferers who acquired redundant prepuce/phimosis, aged 18 to 60 years. Sufferers with hearing or talk impairment or who acquired undergone MC had been excluded. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using the scholarly research people to get data. This scholarly study was approved by.
The substituted benzimidazole omeprazole, useful for the treating human peptic ulcer disease, inhibits the growth from the metronidazole-resistant bovine pathogen in vitro (MIC of which the growth of parasite cultures is inhibited by 50%, 22 g/ml [63 M]). countries. The antitrichomonad activity of metronidazole is dependent upon reduced amount of its nitro group to short-lived free of charge radicals, which trigger multiple types of mobile harm, including DNA damage and following cell loss of life. Reductive activation from the medication proceeds in normal trichomonad organelles known as hydrogenosomes, whose primary function can be a substrate-level synthesis of ATP from the creation of molecular hydrogen. Electrons necessary for metronidazole decrease are produced by pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the main element hydrogenosomal enzyme catalyzing oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (6, 16, 18). FIG. 1. Constructions of thiamine (a), omeprazole (b), and metronidazole (c). Long term cultivation of trichomonads with sublethal concentrations of metronidazole can lead to the introduction of steady medication level of resistance accompanied by the increased loss of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity (14, 15). Metronidazole-resistant trichomonads display an modified carbohydrate rate of metabolism. The pyruvate-oxidizing pathway in the hydrogenosomes disappears, and the loss of ATP is compensated for by an increased rate of glycolysis in the cytosol. The dominant end product of glucose breakdown becomes ethanol, the production of which is negligible in metronidazole-susceptible trichomonads. The ethanol production depends on the activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (2). While the activity of the latter enzyme is not markedly changed in metronidazole-resistant strains, the activity of PDC is strongly upregulated, suggesting that PDC is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of ethanol (2, 15). Metabolic changes similar to those accompanying the development of metronidazole resistance were described in trichomonads cultivated under iron-restricted conditions. SCH-527123 Hydrogenosomal metabolism depends on iron-containing proteins, and a lack of iron in the medium results in the cessation of pyruvate breakdown in the organelles, while the activity of PDC in the cytosol markedly increases (25). Thus, the dominant role of PDC in the metabolism of both metronidazole-resistant and iron-restricted cells qualifies this enzyme as a suitable target for chemotherapeutic intervention. The substituted benzimidazole omeprazole (Fig. ?(Fig.1)1) is an antiulcer proton pump inhibitor which acts on gastric H+,K+ ATPase (7). Furthermore, omeprazole has specific activity SCH-527123 against in vitro (9) and is used in combination with antibiotics to treat infections. However, the mechanism behind its activity against is not understood, but it SCH-527123 is not due to the inhibition of ATPase activity (1). Omeprazole is also effective in killing promastigotes as well as intracellular amastigotes of (10), with the likely target being the H+,K+ ATPase on the plasma membrane of the parasite. In this work we report on the purification and characterization of the PDC from metronidazole-resistant and demonstrate its inhibition with omeprazole. We further demonstrate the actions of omeprazole against both iron-restricted and metronidazole-resistant cells in vitro. Strategies and Components Organism and cultivation. stress Lub-1 MIP and its own metronidazole-resistant derivative, Lub-MR 100, which shows steady anaerobic level of resistance (23, 24), had been taken care of in Trypticase-yeast extract-maltose (TYM) moderate (pH 7.2) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated equine serum (5). Iron-restricted microorganisms were acquired by keeping metronidazole-sensitive trichomonads in TYM moderate including 180 M 2,2-dipyridyl (Sigma) for 10 passages. Enzyme assay. PDC activity was established spectrophotometrically at 340 nm as the pace of acetaldehyde development recognized as the oxidation of NADH inside a combined reaction with candida alcoholic beverages dehydrogenase (around 10 IU/ml) (8) in 50 mM morpholineethanesulfonic acidity (MES; 6 pH.2)-30 mM pyruvate-0.11 mM NADH at 25C. The assay blend also included known cofactors of PDC: 5 mM Mg2+ (as MgCl2) and 0.5 mM thiamine pyrophosphate. The molar extinction coefficient (?340) of NADH was taken while 6,220 M?1 cm?1. For inhibition tests, the purified enzyme inside a full reaction blend without pyruvate was preincubated with different concentrations of omeprazole (catalog no. O-104; Sigma) for 15 Rabbit polyclonal to IDI2. min at 25C. The response was initiated by addition of pyruvate. Disturbance of omeprazole with auxiliary alcoholic beverages dehydrogenase was excluded by preincubation of alcoholic beverages dehydrogenase with 50 g of omeprazole per ml for 15 min. To exclude the interfering activity of NADH oxidase, the PDC actions in crude cell components were assessed under anaerobic circumstances. One device of enzyme activity was thought as the quantity of proteins catalyzing the decarboxylation of just one 1 mol of pyruvate per min. The actions and the computations were based on at least three determinations and are expressed as means standard deviations. Enzyme purification. Metronidazole-resistant cells (Lub-MR 100) in the late logarithmic phase of growth (4.5 106 cells/ml, 3 liters of.

domain: literature


188 posts tagged robots
The octopus is a natural escape artist. It can squeeze its soft body into impossibly tight spaces and often baffles aquarium workers with its ability to break out of tanks. These abilities could be very useful in an underwater robot, which is why the OCTOPUS Project, a consortium of European robotics labs, is attempting to reverse engineer it in all its tentacled glory. Now researchers from the Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), in Hellas, Greece are learning how the robot might use its tentacles to swim. (via Unleash the Kraken! Robot octopus learning to swim)
Japanese robots make a stink about bad breath, body odor
Have you got a case of dog breath? How about smelly feet? Friends and family may not tell you, but a couple of new robots will. Built by the Kitakyushu National College of Technology and a group of inventive pranksters calling itself CrazyLabo, the pair of odor-detecting robots are giving people a lesson in hygiene and a few chuckles.
Kaori-chan, a decapitated mannequin head that sits atop a pink box, is the one that smells your breath. Simply blow into her face and don’t expect her to spare your feelings if you could use a mint or two. Responses range from the blunt, “Yuck, you have bad breath!” to an embarrassing, “Emergency! There’s an emergency taking place! That’s beyond the limit of patience!”
The foot-sniffing dog, Shuntaro-kun, is a bit less eloquent but just as clear with his responses. He’ll cuddle up to you if you smell ok, but if you stink he’ll bark, fall down and growl, or play dead. Both robots get their sense of smell from a commercially available odor sensor and grade your aroma on a four point scale. (via Japanese robots make a stink about bad breath, body odor)
Perfect skin: More touchy-feely robots
RoboSKIN will develop and demonstrate a range of new robot capabilities based on the tactile feedback provided by a robotic skin from large areas of the robot body. Up to now, a principled investigation of these topics has been limited by the lack of tactile sensing technologies enabling large scale experimental activities, since so far skin technologies and embedded tactile sensors have been mostly demonstrated only at the prototypal stage. The new capabilities will improve the ability of robots to operate effectively and safely in unconstrained environments and also their ability to communicate and co-operate with each other and with humans.
To support this aim, one side of the RoboSKIN project focuses on the investigation of methods and technologies enabling the implementation of skin sensors that can be used with existing robots. The other side of the project develops new structures for representing and integrating tactile data with existing cognitive architectures in order to support skin-based cognition, behavior and communication. (via Perfect skin: More touchy-feely robots | ZeitNews)
JPL BioSleeve Enables Precise Robot Control Through Hand and Arm Gestures
No matter how capable you make a robot, its effectiveness is limited by how well you can control it. And until we’ve got this whole general autonomy thing nailed down (better not hold your breath), that means a lot of teleoperation. JPL has been working on a new gesture-based human interface called BioSleeve, which uses a [insert collective noun for sensors here] of EMG sensors, IMUs, and magnetometers to decode hand and arm gestures and map them to an intuitive robot control system.
BioSleeve is a sort of elastic bandage that covers most of your forearm and includes 16 dry contact electromyography sensors plus a pair of inertial measurement units. The sensors can detect movements of the muscles in your arm, which is where the muscles in your hand live, meaning that the BioSleeve can tell when (and how much) you move your arm, wrist, hand, and individual fingers. This enables you to make gestures and have a robot respond to them, much like existing gesture recognition systems, except that since BioSleeve doesn’t depend on vision or having your hand in close proximity to a sensor, it’s a much easier thing to use for extended periods and in the field (like in cramped spaces like the ISS). Here’s a demo: (via JPL BioSleeve Enables Precise Robot Control Through Hand and Arm Gestures - IEEE Spectrum)
Sell your data to save the economy and your future
Imagine our world later in this century, when machines have got better.
Cars and trucks drive themselves, and there’s hardly ever an accident. Robots root through the earth for raw materials, and miners are never trapped. Robotic surgeons rarely make errors.
Clothes are always brand new designs that day, and always fit perfectly, because your home fabricator makes them out of recycled clothes from the previous day. There is no laundry.
I can’t tell you which of these technologies will start to work in this century for sure, and which will be derailed by glitches, but at least some of these things will come about. (via BBC News - Sell your data to save the economy and your future)
In 1949, He Imagined an Age of Robots
It was a vision that never saw the light of day.
The year was 1949, and computers and robots were still largely the stuff of science fiction. Only a few farsighted thinkers imagined that they would one day become central to civilization, with consequences both liberating and potentially dire.
One of those visionaries was Norbert Wiener (1894-1964), an American mathematician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1948 he had published “Cybernetics,” a landmark theoretical work that both foreshadowed and influenced the arrival of computing, robotics and automation. Two years later, he wrote “The Human Use of Human Beings,” a popularization of those ideas and an exploration of the potential of automation and the risks of dehumanization by machines.
In 1949, The New York Times invited Wiener to summarize his views about “what the ultimate machine age is likely to be,” in the words of its longtime Sunday editor, Lester Markel. (via M.I.T. Scholar’s 1949 Essay on Machine Age Is Found - NYTimes.com)
Ant studies to aid design of search and rescue robots
A study showing how ants tunnel their way through confined spaces could aid the design of search-and-rescue robots, according to US scientists.
A team from the Georgia Institute of Technology found fire ants can use their antennae as “extra limbs” to catch themselves when they fall, and can build stable tunnels in loose sand.
Researchers used high speed cameras to record in detail this behaviour.
PhD student Nick Gravish, who led the research, designed “scientific grade ant farms” - allowing the ants to dig through sand trapped between two plates of glass, so every tunnel and every movement could be viewed and filmed.
"These ants would move at very high speeds," he explained, "and if you slowed down the motion, (you could see) it wasn’t graceful movement - they have many slips and falls." Crucially, the insects were able to gather themselves almost imperceptibly quickly after each fall. To see how they managed this, the team set up a second experiment where, to move from their nest to their food source, the ants had to pass through a labyrinth of smooth glass tunnels. "We could watch these glass tunnels and really see what all the body parts were doing when the ants were climbing and slipping and falling," said Mr Gravish. (via BBC News - Ant studies to aid design of search and rescue robots)
NAO Robot Has Learned To Write
Maybe you’ve dreamt of being that man or woman who is so important as to compose speeches and letters simply by barking out declamations whilst an attentive assistant jots down your brilliant every word. Robot developer Franck Calzada has brought us one step closer. He’s created an assistant scribe for the common man in his new program in which a NAO robot can write any word.
At the moment, however, you’re going to need a lot of time – and patience – if you enlist NAO’s services. To say it’s deliberate in its writing is quite the understatement.
Calzada has himself spent a lot of time with NAO, teaching it to play games like catch, Hangman and the Statue Game. Now, with his ability to write any word it hears, NAO can actually get some work done. This isn’t the first time we’ve seen Nao write. And while it will definitely be some time before it begins replacing office workers, its penmanship has certainly improved. (via NAO Robot Has Learned To Write | Singularity Hub)


text:
Did you ever play the original Nintendo videogame Star Fox? Or what about the incredible Nintendo 64 version and the terrible Gamecube sequel?
That was one of my favorite videogames for the N64, and some of the lines from that game I still quote: “Andross has ordered us to take you down,” and “I’m afraid I can’t let you do that, Star Fox.”
As if to make the videogame even cooler, CollegeHumor created a parody of the incredible Wes Anderson stop-motion film, The Fantastic Mr. Fox, called The Fantastic Mr. Star Fox.
The animation is extremely well-done for this parody, and the imitation voices are top-notch. If you’re a fan of Star Fox, you should definitely give the video below a watch!
I admit, I kind of want to see this movie now. Make it happen internet!

domain: hobby


The illusion 7×50 binoculars are a great choice on a budget for astronomy and low light situations. The large 50mm lens and wide 7mm exit pupil allow a lot of light to reach the eye. Low cost, easy to handle and easy to service make them appealing.
As with many 7x binoculars you get a large depth of field making focusing easy. Also the lower power makes them less prone to hand shake.


text:
'Connection to country is the founding pillar of Indigenous identity. But threats to this connection have been making headlines throughout 2015. Here is a breakdown of the issue.
01. Background: Indigenous Australia and country making headlines in 2015
In 2010, the Western Australian government conducted research to deem which remote Indigenous communities in the state were unsustainable, according to a leaked document as reported by the ABC in 2015.
In 2011, the federal government prepared a document titled Priority Investment Communities – WA that named 192 of 287 remote Indigenous communities as not sustainable. Most of these communities are located in the Kimberley region in the state's northwest.
In 2014, Western Australian Premier Colin Barnett flagged the closures of about 150 remote Indigenous communities after the Federal Government said it planned to cease providing essential services to those communities and make it a state responsibility.
The Australian Government funds about two-thirds of the state's remote Indigenous settlements but announced in September 2014 that it would transfer that responsibility to the state government.
In 2015, then Prime Minister Tony Abbott said the federal government supported the Western Australian Government's possible service cuts.
"What we can't do, is endlessly subsidise choices, if those lifestyle choices are not conducive to the kind of full participation in Australian society that everyone should have," Mr Abbott said.
SOS Blak Australia campaign
In response to Tony Abbott's support for the potential closures of remote Indigenous communities through Western Australia and subsequent disapproval from the communities, Indigenous leaders banded together to form the SOS Blak Australia campaign.
"We who live in the remoter areas of Australia do not believe it is a lifestyle choice but an intrinsic fundamental human right to live in our own communities and our own country. We hold significant cultural obligations to our Ancestors to maintain Sovereign ties to our lands," a statement on behalf of the communities reads.
"After successive breaches of human rights conventions and the forced removal of the Aboriginal Community of Oombulgurri in 2014, we maintain a vote of no confidence in both the incumbent state and federal governments in their actions toward Aboriginal people."
In March it launched a global call to action to stop the potential closure of the communities. Protests around the country took storm and social media engagement mushroomed. In May, communities around the world converged to protest the flagged closures.
The campaign says on behalf of the remote communities they:
- Do not accept the terms, alleged rationale or reasoning upon which both Governments have presented.
- Do not accept acts of dispossession, genocide and apartheid in the 21st Century on our Sovereign lands.
- Demand transparency in the stated Government agenda.
- Demand transparency in the relationship between Government and the mining interests of Australia.
- Demand urgent consultation with Government by community leaders.
- Call upon the greater Australian community to stand with us as we develop our own self-determined community led strategies to ensure community viability and tenure for our people.
- Call upon the world to build profile to our plight as the Indigenous people of Australia.
02. Major resource projects affecting communities in 2015
Adani's Carmichael Coal Mine
The Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail project of Adani Mining Pty Ltd was given the green light in October this year by Australia’s Environment Minister Greg Hunt.
The Wangan and Jagalingo people initially rejected a land-use agreement with Adani Mining over the $16-billion Carmichael Coalmine project. In April 2015 the National Native Title Tribunal ruled that Adani's remaining mining leases could be granted (but that ruling did not mean that it must be granted), without further consideration of native title issues.
The project was approved in July 2014 by Mr Hunt but was set aside in August by the Federal Court over threatened species yakka skink and the ornamental snake whose habitat was at the intended site.
The Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) says that the mining project, which is set to be dug in Galilee Basin in Queensland, will have a severe impact on around 10,000 hectares natural environment. Endangered species, such as the largest-known population of the southern black-throated finch, are expected to take the brunt, it said.
"To approve a massive coal mine that would make species extinct, deplete 297 billion litres of precious groundwater and produce 128.4 million tonnes of CO2 a year is grossly irresponsible," ACF President Geoff Cousins told media.
The project has estimated that it will produce a total 2.3 tonnes of thermal coal.
Ichthys LNG Project
The Ichthys LNG Project is an oil and gas project, and Japan's largest investment project in Australia, about 220 kilometres off the coast of Western Australia.
It is a joint venture between INPEX, major partner Total, CPC Corporation Taiwan and the Australian subsidiaries of Tokyo Gas, Osaka Gas, Kansai Electric Power, Chubu Electric Power and Toho Gas.
Ichthys, which is currently under construction, says it expects to produce about 1.6 million tonnes of LNG per annum and a total 8.9 million tonnes of LNG. It is set to produce a maximum of 100,000 barrels of condensate per day.
Gas and condensate will be transferred to Darwin through a 900 kilometre pipeline for processing then exported to global markets from a facility in the Browse Basin, north of Broome.
In September it came under fire from the Maritime Union of Australia. They were concerned INPEX would not provide enough jobs to locals and launched a campaign to ensure INPEX would commit to a binding agreement to ensure the venture would provide jobs to locals.
Ichthys responded saying it would. Its 2015 reconciliation action plan says that it has:
- More than 600 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples engaged on the Ichthys Project construction workforce through the efforts and cooperation of Project contractors.
- Formal training across a range of construction skills provided to over 200 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples through the Ichthys Project.
- Fifty-one businesses engaged on multiple contracts through the implementation of the Ichthys Project Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander business engagement strategy.
- An Indigenous Business Capability Initiative established with the Northern Territory Indigenous Business Network and Northern Territory Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
03. Why is it important for Indigenous Australians to stay on their lands?
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have a special connection to the natural environment. The land is a part of them and is at the core of their spirituality.
Their ancestor's spirits created the land and everything in it, which makes every part of it sacred. Every part of the world is interconnected – people, plants, animals, land mass and the celestial.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people inherit totems, a natural object or living thing that is a spiritual descendent, according to which tribe they are from. Indigenous Australia was made up of more than 250 tribes, says the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
The Australian Government itself acknowledges that "land is fundamental to the wellbeing of Aboriginal people".
Connection to country is inherent, we are born to it, it is how we identify ourselves, it is our family, our laws, our responsibility, our inheritance and our legacy. To not know your country causes a painful disconnection, the impact of which is well documented in studies relating to health, wellbeing and life outcomes. Modern constructs of identification do not work for us, in fact they dismantle the fabric that holds us together.
For example it matters not that my licence says I live in Sydney, it matters that I am guest in this place, I respect it because I am from the Arrente and Luritja lands, and it is this knowledge that enables me to identify who I am, who my family is, who my ancestors were and what my stories are. We are indistinguishable from our country which is why we fight so hard to hang on." Journalist Catherine Liddle
04. The WA issue: how are decisions on Indigenous issues made?
Western Australian Government
The Government of Western Australia’s Department of Aboriginal Affairs leads policy on issues affecting Indigenous Australians in the state and advises the state government on the state and direction of services to them, under the 1972 Aboriginal Affairs Planning Authority Act.
Section 17 of the 1972 Aboriginal Heritage Act and Regulations 6-10 of the 1974 Aboriginal Heritage Regulations work to preserve Aboriginal sites and objects.
The Western Australian Government has introduced the 2014 Aboriginal Heritage Amendment Bill to parliament.
Under the 1993 Native Title Act, native title claimants can make an application to the Federal Court to have their native title recognised by Australian law.
Native Title recognises the traditional rights and interests to land and waters of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Before 1992, Australian law did not recognise Indigenous peoples having rights to land and water bodies that they had inhabited for thousands of years.
It was formed when the outcome of the High Court of Australia's Mabo v Queensland case (1992) of Australia's Mabo v Queensland case (1992) favoured the Meriam people's claim to Murray Island.
Western Australian Heritage Council
The state government's Heritage Council, advises the state on matters concerning its heritage and makes decisions pertaining to heritage using the 1990 Heritage of Western Australia Act.
None of its members are Indigenous.
The Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee
The Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee falls under the WA Government's Department of Aboriginal Affairs and was established under the 1972 Aboriginal Heritage Act to evaluate the importance of places and objects alleged to be associated with Aboriginal persons and make subsequent recommendations to the minister.
As of 2015, three of its six members are of Aboriginal descent, the state government confirmed to NITV.
The Western Australian Government confirmed to NITV that 35 sites had been deregistered from the Aboriginal Heritage Register.
"The Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee has previously made decisions on the 35 heritage places affected by the Supreme Court decision," a spokesperson told NITV.
The move was made in line with Section 5 of the 1972 Aboriginal Heritage Act, the government said.
There have been reports that 1,262 heritage claims has been rejected under Section 5. The government would not answer NITV directly when asked to confirm this.
Instead the spokesperson said the Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee was required to assess if a place meets any of the subsections of Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act.
They added that the status of an Aboriginal site or heritage place could only change to Stored Data/Not a Site-status through an assessment by the Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee that had determined the site did not meet Section 5 of the Aboriginal Heritage Act.
The Department of Aboriginal Affairs Aboriginal Heritage inquiry system has two categories, Registered Sites and Other Heritage Places. The Other Heritage Places category is comprised of two subsets: Lodged and Stored Data/Not a Site places.
"The government has been working for several years to improve the register to ensure that the places it contains actually meet the requirements of the act, still exist, and that they are in the correct location," the spokesperson told NITV, adding that 14,000 locations are on the the Register of Aboriginal sites, and more than 35,000 are in the database.
"The federal government works with the Western Australian Government to ensure that current levels of support for remote area communities are maintained.”
In a move that stirred controversy, the Aboriginal Heritage Amendment Bill was introduced into parliament in November 2014. The bill gives the executive of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs considerable power.
It can declare under Section 18C that Aboriginal sites do not exist. It, nor the Aboriginal Cultural Material Committee, do not have to consult with Aboriginal native title holders or custodians when considering a heritage site.

domain: sociology


Who We Are
Vacant Windows is a collaborative project based in Baltimore MD. that focuses on Synth Pop oriented electronic music. By tossing aside the comfortable conventions of traditional rock and roll, the goal is to approach music with an adventurous attitude towards experimentation through the blending of natural ambient and analog instrumentation and an array of synthesized and sequenced sounds. Vacant Windows began in 2012 and have released an EP entitled The Singles, and a self titled full length which has been compared to the sounds of Depeche Mode and The XX. They are currently working on their second album, which is shaping up to be a dynamic mix of synthetic and analog expression.
"This Baltimore electronic band certainly brings a level of sophistication to its sound. With tracks structured around tenacious beats and loops, Vacant Windows establishes an acute rhythm that carries each song through an experience of moody highs and lows, while maintaining a catchy, mellow dramatic pulse." Bishop and Rook August 8th, 2013


The following ran recently on the San Francisco Bay Chronicle Web site. Interesting stuff.
"A collective gulp was almost detectable this week when California Fish and Game Commission President Daniel Richards defiantly declared to outraged legislators that he not only gunned down a mountain lion and held the carcass like a trophy, but he then ate big cat for dinner.
(The incident took place during a legal hunt in Idaho.)
"The revelation that Richards complied with the backcountry rule that you eat what you shoot didn't do much to quiet calls in the Capitol for his head, but the perfectly legal shooting and consumption of puma meat certainly raised questions about his diet.
"As odd and unappetizing as the dish may sound, it isn't unusual for hunters to consume cougar meat, according to hunting groups."
The incident has created quite a stir in California, particularly since the cougar was hunted with dogs and treed before it was shot.
"Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom joined some 40 legislators, the Sierra Club and the Humane Society of the United States this week to call for Richards' resignation," the Web site reported.
"I know many, many ethical hunters are just as appalled about the idea of treeing a predator," said Jennifer Fearing, California state director for the Humane Society of the United States. "It is a trophy animal, and they used packs of dogs. He followed behind and shot it out of a tree," she said.


Raphinha’s recent performances for Brazil have certainly got the football world talking as he scored twice on his full international debut following two brilliant showings off the bench.
The Leeds United winger’s form in the Premier League did not go unnoticed by his national manager Tite who was keen to draft him in for his side’s World Cup qualifiers.
He was initially called up to the squad in September but was unable to fulfil the call up due to the rules set by the Premier League for fixtures due to be played in red-list countries.
However, when those rules were relaxed for the recent international break, Raphinha was able to pull on the famous yellow shirt for the first time.
He took full advantage of the opportunity by scoring twice and adding two assists in his three matches and stole the headlines in South America.
Unfortunately for Leeds supporters, performances like that are never going to go under the radar and it has led to inevitable rumours linking him with a move away.
While the price that the Whites would demand for his signature is likely to be well above £50m, renowned football website Transfermarkt have valued the 24-year-old at £28.8m.
If that was the amount that Leeds were looking for then almost every club in Europe would be queuing up to submit a bid.
When asked by UOL about his thoughts on such a valuation, Raphinha’s agent, Deco, was perplexed.
"I don't know how they do it,” claimed the former Barcelona midfielder.
“I don't understand Transfermarkt's evaluations. I think now [the market value] should go up.”
Deco refused to pass comment on what he believes his client’s true valuation should be as he kept his, and Raphinha’s, cards close to his chest.
Although, one would suspect he will be eager to either get Raphinha a big-money move or secure him a new bumper contract at Leeds where he is already reported to be the highest earner.


Time to fire up the reactors? “Not so fast,” says Niigata governor Hirohiko Izumida
ANYONE INCLINED TO GIVE Japan’s “Nuclear Village” the benefit of the doubt, to assume that nuclear regulators and plant operators have fully digested the lessons of Fukushima Daiichi, would do well to watch the FCCJ video of Hirohiko Izumida, governor of Niigata. It may change your mind.
Izumida, 52, an LDPer and former METI bureaucrat, told the FCCJ audience on Oct. 15 how the July 16, 2007 earthquake in his own Niigata Prefecture informed his perspective on nuclear safety. Its epicenter was beneath the seabed, 19.6 kilometers offshore from Tepco’s Kashiwazaki Kariwa complex, with seven reactors the world’s largest nuclear power plant. The plant was Izumida’s problem from the moment the 6.6 magnitude quake struck at 10:13 a.m.
Japan’s 47 governors are the frontline generals of the nation’s disaster response system. Disaster plans are laid on a prefectural basis, and governors assume broad executive powers once a disaster is declared. An equally severe quake having hit the area just three years earlier, Niigata officials were well familiar with their quake response handbooks and the existence of a hotline to the Kashiwazaki Kariwa plant. But when they called, no one answered.
As officials later learned from Tepco, the door to the room with the hotline had been warped by the quake, so no one could get in to pick up the phone. So as reports of black smoke rising from Kashiwazaki Kariwa came in to officials in Niigata City, the prefectural capital 66 kilometers to the northeast, they were understandably alarmed by their inability to reach the plant’s management. “We had to rely on television news reports,”Izumida said.
It turned out that severe subsidence caused land in parts of the site to drop 1.5 meters, rupturing pipes containing cables and thereby causing the fire. As water mains also ruptured, dry hydrants left firefighters to stand by and watch it burn.
In the aftermath, prefectural officials tore a strip off Tepco and demanded a number of specific modifications to the plant.
“As direct communication with the site is essential in the event of disaster,” Izumida said, “we strongly asked Tepco to install a special facility where communication could be assured, a ‘seismic isolated building’ impervious to shaking. Under regulations at the time this was not required, but due to our bitter experience we demanded it be built. Still, Tepco tried to get around this, asking if it wouldn’t be okay just to use mobile phones. But we were adamant.”
Consequently, a similar facility was completed at Fukushima Daiichi just eight months before 3/11. “If we hadn’t demanded this, it’s unlikely one would have been built at Fukushima,” Izumida noted. “And if that had not been built it’s unlikely that people would be living in Tokyo today.”
“You have to ask if Tepco should even have the right to operate a nuclear reactor.”
The upgraded firefighting capability Niigata demanded was also copied at Fukushima, which Izumida credited with firefighters there having the alternative means to pour cooling water on the reactors.
Noting that Japan’s Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA) is making new standards for nuclear plants, Izumida expressed “grave concerns” about the process: “Given that the Fukushima accident has not yet been fully reviewed, bringing in new regulatory standards is very unwise. What worries us is that the NRA seems to be trying to shrink its responsibilities. They have a broad mandate to ensure the safety of nuclear power, but Chairman Shunichi Tanaka seems to be focusing on small technical details instead of pursuing the full scope of measures recommended by the IAEA.
Emphasizing prefectural governments’ broad responsibility for disaster response, Izumida complained “the NRA refuses to even listen to our concerns. They refuse to communicate with us, so we have to put our ideas across in the public consultation process. Even then, our comments are not being taken into account.”
Izumida bluntly pointed to Tanaka as the heart of the problem, citing his reluctance to meet with local officials or even the president of Tepco. “His thinking is not about how to respond if an accident occurs… but rather how to evade responsibility. As a professor of nuclear science he seems to have decided to focus solely on technical matters. He is not thinking about the more important mission to protect the lives and assets of the people.”
Tanaka’s contention that Japan’s nuclear regulations are the strictest in the world was not credible, said Izumida. But if he was scathing in his criticism of Tanaka, his comments on Tepco were scorching.
“Tepco understood from a very early point that a meltdown had occurred, yet they hid this fact for over two months,” Izumida said. “So you have to ask if they should even have the right to operate a nuclear reactor. We need to have a complete assessment of the Fukushima accident and where responsibilities lie. Until that is done we cannot even begin to discuss restarting plants.”
When asked why he alone was speaking out so stridently, Izumida noted that he was advocating a position agreed by the association of Japanese governors, then added darkly that even people close to him worried about what might happen to him for speaking out.
Scathing and scorching though his comments were, Izumida delivered them with an impressively cool composure, backed by a wealth of cogently argued technical detail. Watch the video and you may well decide that reactor restarts should only come if and when Izumida says it’s time.
John R. Harris is a speechwriter and freelance journalist based in Onjuku on Chiba’s Pacific coast.


text:
WESLEY CHAPEL, Fla. — People in one Wesley Chapel community say speeding drivers are taking over their quiet neighborhood because of a construction detour nearby.
Neighbors in Northwood of Pasco, located near Northwood Pines and Breakers Drive in Pasco County, tell ABC Action News that for the past month there have been more than triple the number of cars they normally see in their community during rush hour.
The road is closed because the sewer main is broken and there are several depressions in the road, according to Robert Marin, Pasco County Utilities Director.
To keep people safe, they opted to close the road, Marin said.
However, the diversion of traffic has caused speeding drivers to cut through the neighboring community.
“It’s insane,” according to Jen Lavelle, who lives in Northwood of Pasco. “There have been kids that were almost hit by cars. Especially around the times of the bus stops.”
She said drivers don’t seem to care that the stop arm is out so kids can get on the bus safely or cross the street.
“They just fly right through,” she said. “My car has personally been almost rear-ended two times now pulling into my driveway with my blinker on."
Now, neighbors are hoping Pasco County will shut down the road into their neighborhood to everyone but residents or possibly close one of the entrances to the community to minimize the number of people cutting through.
They are also hoping for a stronger law enforcement presence.
Pasco County Utilities says they contacted the Pasco County Sheriff’s Office, who sent out patrols.
“We’ve contacted the sheriff’s office and they were stationed out here this morning,” Marin said. “We’ve seen a decrease in traffic and also speed.”
The sheriff's office also tells ABC Action News they sent out an unmanned vehicle to help deter speeding.
However, neighbors say it hasn’t been enough and they are concerned without a more permanent solution, this could continue for weeks.
The construction is set to last at least four months, according to Pasco County.
As of May 29, Breakers Drive is closed to thru traffic.

domain: news


Donor Name: Carolyn Watson Rural Oklahoma Community Foundation
County: Waukesha County (WI)
Type of Grant: Grant
Deadline (mm/dd/yyyy): 01/14/2022
Size of the Grant: $15,000
Grant Duration: 1 Year
The purpose of the Women and Girls Fund of Waukesha County (WGF) awards grants to local nonprofit agencies to support projects and programs that promote women and girls of all ages.
Since its inception, the Fund has granted more than $1,000,000 to county-wide nonprofit organizations.
- Program/project grant request can be submitted for up to $15,000
- Organizations may submit more than one program/project for consideration. A separate letter of intent must be submitted for each program/project.
May 1, 2022– April 30, 2023.
All 501(c)3 nonprofit organizations providing significant programs to benefit women and girls in Waukesha County.
- Standards specify that grantees receiving competitive grants in any given year are ineligible to apply for a grant the following year. Therefore, organizations that received a grant in 2021 will not be eligible to apply for funding again until 2023.
The WGF does not fund event sponsorships. Grants will not be made for religious, government or political purposes, nor to individuals.
Letter of Intent must include:
- Organizational information including total program/project cost and amount requested.
- Overview of request.
- Description of the program/project for which support is being requested.
- Include the documented research and data that supports the program/project need.
- Program evaluation and impact on women and girls.
- Clearly defined, primary measurable outcome for your target population.
- Specific methods for implementation.
- Evaluation measures – directly aligned with the program outcomes.
- Demonstrate the number of individuals served and describe the program’s intended impact on these women and girls.
For more information, visit 2022 Grant Program.


text:
The Library is closed onsite, open online. See updates here.
Wednesday 24 April 2019
The State Library of NSW is calling for applications for the $30,000 DX Lab Fellowship.
The Fellowship is open for creative technologists and digital scholars.
Applications close: 11pm, Friday 24 May 2019.
Download full media release


The article presents the aggregated data analysis of the application of different types of engines in the complexes of armament and military equipment as a ground-based experimental and serial production over the past 100 years. Are the main disadvantages of the different types of engines and possible ways of their elimination. On the basis of these data made assumptions about the prospects of the development of engines in the coming decades.
complex armament, engine, wheel, сaterpillar, augers, air cushion
"Klasyfikatsiinyi analiz zastosuvannia riznykh typiv rushiiv v kompleksakh ozbroiennia ta viiskovoi tekhniky nazemnoho bazuvannia" [Classification analysis of application of different types of engines in the complexes of armament and military equipment of the ground-based],
Systems of Arms and Military Equipment,


text:
Today Deftones premiered a new song, "Leathers," from their upcoming album Koi No Yokan. You can stream it at Deftones.com (you don't even have to give them your e-mail address or sign up for anything!).
Koi No Yokan will be out November 13. Deftones play Showbox Sodo October 13.
Want great deals and a chance to win tickets to the best shows in Seattle? Join The Stranger Presents email list!
All contents © Index Newspapers, LLC
1535 11th Ave (Third Floor), Seattle, WA 98122
Takedown Policy: thestranger.com/takedown-policy

domain: entertainment


text:
After the pool and golfing 2 weeks ago, Brandon and I went to Julianna’s for dinner. It was right down the road and the menu looked really good. We got there for the early bird special. Now, I know what you’re thinking, what? The early bird special is from 5pm-6:30pm daily (it’s really not that early) and it’s a 3 course meal for $30. We compared the regular dinner menu prices to the early bird prices and decided it was cheaper to eat earlier. 🙂
I started off with the kale & spinach salad: red & white quinoa, sun-dried tomatoes, thinly sliced apples & goat cheese in a honey vinaigrette (on the side).
I thought the salad was going to be bigger than it was. It was really good and I enjoyed it. I liked the combination of the ingredients as I’ve never had them all in a salad.
Brandon got the tomato & goat cheese bruschetta: oven roasted with rosemary, thyme & garlic on grilled ciabata with a balsamic reduction. It wasn’t gluten free or look it so I didn’t take a picture. He liked his too and ate all 3 pieces!
For my main dish, I got the roasted atlantic salmon with sautéed spring veggies (sugar snap peas, asparagus, green beans, leeks, baby carrots) over a spring onion-ginger puree.
It was amazing. The salmon was perfectly cooked. I’m always nervous to order salmon in a restaurant, but I had nothing to be worried about. The veggies were also cooked perfectly. I wanted to savor my dinner, but I shoved it down my throat and only shared a little because it was so delicious.
Brandon ordered the hanger steak frites: toasted garlic & parmesan potato wedges, green beans and hanger steak topped with chive butter.
Wow, it seems Brandon got broccoli instead of green beans. Noticed that now. Interesting. He likes broccoli more anyway which was probably why he didn’t notice…
His was really good too. I took a bite of his steak and potatoes. They were cooked perfectly and seasoned to perfection. We were both very impressed with our main dishes.
For dessert, Brandon got the strawberry shortcake. It wasn’t gluten free but I took a picture anyway.
I tried the whipped cream on it thinking it was homemade but it was Reddi Whip. Brandon liked her dessert and he ate it in about one minute. That’s unheard of for him.
I got chocolate ice cream. After not eating dessert for over a month, this was a great treat.
The ice cream wasn’t homemade, but it was very creamy and rich.
The food was top notch and we will definitely be going back.

domain: food


text:
Dear Senator Franken:
I received your reply to my objection to SOPA and PIPA, and have noted that either you have been totally misled about online piracy, or have intentionally misrepresented the issue at hand.
Contrary to your letter, something has already been done to protect copyright infringement. They call it the TRIPS agreement. There are 185 member states. I think that’s just about everyone.
This agreement is used by corporations and individuals worldwide to protect every thing from fictitious patents from Monsanto and other bio-pirates that claim a new life form has been created, to musical compositions, literary works, creative arts, traditional knowledge, inventions of all kinds, seeds, gene splicing, hybridization of animals, scientific papers and dissertations and theory, mechanical design, fluid designs, poetry, books, surveillance methodologies, movies and other theatrical creations, etc..
You get the picture. Everything that SOPA and PIPA claim they would cover is already covered in the TRIPS agreement, including trademarks, with the appropriate enforcement included.
From your letter:
“Right now, a company has no way to enforce its rights if it finds that its products are being pirated or counterfeited on a website hosted overseas. The PROTECT IP Act was designed to give the Attorney General and private companies a way to cut off the flow of money to these foreign sites. We can’t force those sites to stop infringing our copyrights and trademarks because they’re not subject to our courts, but we can make sure they don’t make money in the process.” [end quote]
Wrong Senator! They have the TRIPS agreement and god only knows how many other agreements, rules, regulations, harmonization agreements, etc., that we don’t even know about….yet. Surely we have some economy killing trade agreement with these countries that allow the infringing that could be used for leverage.
We could consider doing to one of those uncooperative countries what we have done to other countries when they wouldn’t forfeit their assets to one of our governments good corporate buddies. We can just cut off food, water and medical supplies to them. We can heap sanctions on them and cause thousands of their people to die from starvation, malnutrition, disease and whatever else we can come up with to get our way. And if all else fails, we can just claim their elected leader is a brutal dictator and begin the bombing of the general population while we hunt him down and then kill him. That’ll teachem’ to steal our stuff!
Compare this to the insidious Patriot Act which was nothing more than a direct assault on our constitution. Prior to 9/11 we had numerous laws on the books specifically targeting terrorism; not one of them ever utilized. But not one of them targeted the freedoms and protections provided to us in the Constitution, therefore, the Patriot Act closed the gap.
The Patriot Act had nothing to do with fighting terrorism, just as SOPA and PIPA have nothing to do with preventing or targeting online piracy. These laws, even if passed with a guarantee that they would not censor the net, would quickly be construed, re-interpreted and abused to do exactly that. The point being, we just can’t trust you guys in the District of Criminals to do the right thing. There is always an ulterior motive; an underlying and as yet unexposed under belly to everything that that comes off CRAPital Hill.
There isn’t a rats chance in a deacon box that this ever expanding government which is in the process of establishing a police state is not set on destroying the last bastion of free speech available to the public and the public’s only real access to government. On the other hand, this could seriously impair the relentless warrantless eavesdropping and spying done by our own government to its own citizens if several million of us were suddenly disconnected.
It is estimated that 10-13 million Americans protested the passage of either of these bills. Ask yourself what they saw in the bills and what they knew would be the end result if they were passed, that you seem to have missed?
You are correct in that there is a lot of misinformation floating around about these bills, most of it generated by the government. We have been lied to, tricked and deceived too many times by agencies and agents of our own government to blindly allow them the ability to tamper with the net.
This is not a matter of “we cannot do nothing”. We already have the tools, we have the laws, we have the agreements; we just need to use what we already have in place.
The last thing we need is another damn law and more regulations!
We have been burned to many times by great sounding bills that were supposed to be for one thing and which irrevocably altered our lives in some other way as they were used against us. Sometimes its for the phony war of terror we wage, sometimes its for human rights violations we don’t do anything about, and sometimes its just because freedom and liberty are being legislated out of existence in this country.
You can poke us with a fork Senator Franken…..I think we’re done!
P.S.: These are some links you might find handy, below.
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/
The Most Advanced E-learning Content
on Intellectual Property for your Business
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Technology Transfer & Licensing http://www.wipo.int/ip-development/en/strategies/technology.html
Technology transfer (TOT) is important for economic development. It can be defined as transfer of new technologies from universities and research institutions to parties capable of commercialization, or in the sense of transfer of technologies across international borders, generally from developed to developing countries.
Generally TOT consists of knowledge or IP rights that are:
- licensed in the form of intellectual property,
- the subject of formal consulting or training agreements,
- communicated in the work place or research settings,
- diffused by publication or other means.
Creative enterprises, those engaged in the commercial exploitation of intellectual property-based goods and services imbued with symbolic meaning (i.e., books, film, music), contribute significantly to the economic, social and cultural development of nations. These enterprises form complex networks in content-driven sectors, which in turn make up the creative industries. Their unique characteristics (i.e., original symbolic products) drive and sustain diverse cultural and customary traditions, and enhance social values. At the same time, they generate wealth, increase employment opportunities, and promote trade. Yet, their true value and potential are often underestimated and insufficiently analyzed.
In response to the growing interest and needs of the Member States of WIPO to address the economic and cultural developmental impact that intellectual property policies and practices have on the creative industries, WIPO established the Creative Industries Division in June 2005.
Sentator Franken’s reply on S.968
Thank you for contacting me about S. 968, the Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (the PROTECT IP Act). I appreciate you sharing your thoughts with me on this important issue.
As you may be aware, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid has decided to shelve the PROTECT IP Act. I wanted to take a moment to share why I support copyright protection legislation—as well as why I believe holding off on this bill is the right thing to do.
I understand as well as anyone the importance of keeping the Internet free from undue corporate influence. I’ve been a champion of net neutrality, which I believe to be the free speech issue of our time. At the same time, there are millions of Americans whose livelihoods rely on strong protections for intellectual property. If we don’t protect our intellectual property, criminals will continue to profit from their work. We cannot simply shrug off the threat of online piracy. We cannot do nothing.
Right now, a company has no way to enforce its rights if it finds that its products are being pirated or counterfeited on a website hosted overseas. The PROTECT IP Act was designed to give the Attorney General and private companies a way to cut off the flow of money to these foreign sites. We can’t force those sites to stop infringing our copyrights and trademarks because they’re not subject to our courts, but we can make sure they don’t make money in the process.
I strongly believe in protecting American intellectual property, but I also heard from many Minnesotans who were concerned about the possible effects of the PROTECT IP Act on the Internet. Frankly, there is a lot of misinformation floating around out there: If this bill really could do some of the things people have heard it would do (like shutting down Wikipedia or YouTube), I’d never support it. But even so, I believe we need to seriously consider the many concerns that constituents have shared.
As I said, I support copyright protection legislation, but I also believe in the value of the Internet as an engine to enable free speech, new business models, and economic growth. If holding off on this legislation gives us an opportunity to take a step back and try to bring everybody back to the table, I think it’s the right thing to do. It’s worth getting this right. And while I work to get it right, I will keep your concerns in mind.
Thank you again for contacting me. Please do not hesitate to do so in the future on this or any other issue that may be important to you.Sincerely,

domain: law


text:
The PTHrP–Ihh Feedback Loop in the Embryonic Growth Plate Allows PTHrP to Control Hypertrophy and Ihh to Regulate Proliferation
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- van Donkelaar, C.C. & Huiskes, R. Biomech Model Mechanobiol (2007) 6: 55. doi:10.1007/s10237-006-0035-0
- 174 Downloads
Growth plate and long bone development is governed by biochemical signaling pathways of which the PTHrP–Ihh system is the best known. Other factors, such as BMPs, FGFs and mechanical loading, may interact with this system. This study aims at elucidating the relative importance of PTHrP and Ihh for controlling proliferation, and hypertrophy in fetal growth plate cartilage. We assessed the question why reduced Ihh expression leads to more pronounced effects on the number of non-hypertrophic cells and total bone formation, compared to PTHrP down-regulation.
Using few basic equations, constituted from literature data, this paper shows how the PTHrP–Ihh feedback system can control different aspects of tissue differentiation at distinct locations. In particular, it is shown that (mechanical or biochemical) perturbations will affect proliferation via Ihh-related parameters, whereas changes in PTHrP-related parameters selectively interact with hypertrophy. This is contra-intuitive, since PTHrP acts to keep cells proliferating. In this context, the critical PTHrP level for keeping cells proliferating has been reconsidered. In addition, an explanation is provided for the aforementioned difference in effect between reduced Ihh and PTHrP expression.


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text:
2007 - 2009
City of Toronto, State Building Group
CategoryHeritage and Adaptive Reuse
About This Project
Re-use and Rehabilitation Strategy for the restoration of the 1929,120,000 SF, timber and brick engine repair building. DL Project Director, Heritage Architect, IBI Group.
1994-96, DL as Project Director & Heritage Architect, Hotson Bakker Architects, Bays 1-10 were disassembled and stored off-site while the Metro Toronto Convention Centre extension was constructed below that portion of the Roundhouse. Bays 1-10 of the Roundhouse were restored reassembled and the exterior of the remaining 22 Bays were stabilized and restored. Steam Whistle Brewery became the first tenants in 1998.

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- For Immediate Release:
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today announced the following actions taken in its ongoing response effort to the COVID-19 pandemic:
- Following recent FDA actions to support test development, the FDA took swift action this week to get more tests for screening asymptomatic individuals on the market. On March 31, the FDA authorized several COVID-19 tests for over-the-counter (OTC) use without a prescription when used for serial screening (testing asymptomatic individuals multiple times on a routine basis), such as testing twice a week in schools or other settings. The FDA also authorized serial screening tests for use in a point-of-care (POC) setting, such as a doctor’s office. These authorizations follow the FDA’s recent actions to advance OTC and other screening test development. These tests:
- Can be used to test people with or without COVID-19 symptoms.
- Are antigen tests that detect proteins from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, from a nasal swab sample.
- Give results in 10-30 minutes without needing to send a sample to a laboratory for analysis.
- This week, the FDA posted a new web page SARS-CoV-2 Viral Mutations: Impact on COVID-19 Tests for clinical laboratory staff and health care providers about the impact of viral mutations on COVID-19 molecular, antigen, and serology tests. This web page builds on the letter the FDA issued January 8, 2021, alerting clinical laboratory staff and health care providers to the potential for false negative results due to the impact of viral mutations on molecular SARS-CoV-2 tests. The web page includes specific molecular tests impacted by viral mutations and recommendations for those tests, including, new information on Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2, Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 DoD, and Xpert Omni SARS-CoV-2 tests. The FDA will update this page as significant new information about viral mutations and impact on COVID-19 tests becomes available. The FDA will announce any updates by email to CDRH In Vitro Diagnostics email list subscribers and in COVID-19 Update press releases.
- Today, the FDA posted translations of the Consumer Update: Learn More about COVID-19 Vaccines From the FDA in five additional languages: Chinese, Korean, Spanish, Tagalog, and Vietnamese.
- As part of the FDA’s effort to protect consumers, the agency issued a warning letter jointly with the Federal Trade Commission to Natural Adventure, LLC for selling unapproved products with fraudulent COVID-19 claims. The company sells “Purity Sanitizer with 70% Alcohol” and “Purity Essential Oil Blend” and misleadingly represents that the products can mitigate, prevent, treat, diagnose or cure COVID-19 in people. The FDA requested that Natural Adventure, LLC take immediate action to cease the sale of any unapproved and unauthorized products for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Consumers concerned about COVID-19 should consult with their health care provider.
- Testing updates:
The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.
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Three simple, accurate and economical methods have been developed for the estimation of norfloxacin and ornidazole in tablet dosage form. First method is based on the simultaneous equations, wavelengths selected for analysis were 273.0 nm (λmax of norfloxacin) and 318.5 nm (λmax of ornidazole), respectively, in 0.1N NaOH. Second method is Q-analysis method, based on absorbance ratio at two selected wavelengths 297.0 nm (iso-absorptive point) and 318.5 nm (λmax of ornidazole). Third method is first order derivative spectroscopy using 297.5 nm (zero cross for norfloxacin) and 264.0 nm (zero cross for ornidazole). The linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml and 5-25 μg/ml for norfloxacin and ornidazole, respectively. The results of the analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies.
Norfloxacin (NF), chemically 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid, is a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of urinary and genital tract infection[2,3]. Ornidazole (OZ), chemically 1-chloro-3-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol, is an antimicrobial agent used in treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and anaerobic bacterial infection[4,5]. NF is official in USP, BP and IP whereas OZ is not official in any pharmacopoeia. Both the drugs are marketed as combined dose tablet formulation in the ratio of NF:OZ 400:500 mg. Literature survey revealed that a number of methods have been reported for estimation of NF[8–11] and OZ[12–17] individually or in combination with other drugs. However, there is no analytical method reported for the simultaneous estimation of norfloxacin and ornidazole in a combined dosage formulation. Present work describes three simple, accurate, reproducible, rapid and economical methods for simultaneous estimation of NF and OZ in tablet formulation.
A double-beam Shimadzu UV/Vis spectrophotometer, 1700 Pharmaspec, with spectral bandwidth of 2 nm, wavelength accuracy of ±0.5 nm and a pair of 1-cm matched quartz cells, was used to measure absorbance of the resulting solution. Standard gift sample of norfloxacin was provided by Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Pune and ornidazole by Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai. Combined dose NF and OZ tablets (Norrit-Ord, 400 mg norfloxacin and 500 mg ornidazole; Ind-Swift Ltd., Chandigarh), were purchased from the local pharmacy. Sodium hydroxide, 0.1N, was prepared from analytical reagent grade sodium hydroxide in double distilled water and used as a solvent. Standard stock solutions of NF (100 μg/ml) and OZ (100 μg/ml) were prepared and used for the analysis.
For the selection of analytical wavelength for the simultaneous equation method (Method-A), solutions of NF and OZ (20 μg/ml, each), were prepared separately by appropriate dilution of standard stock solution and scanned in the spectrum mode from 200 nm to 400 nm. From the overlain spectra of both drugs (fig. 1), wavelengths 273.0 nm (λmax of NF) and 318.5 nm (λmax of OZ) were selected for the simultaneous equations. The calibration curves for NF and OZ were prepared in the concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml and 5-25 μg/ml at both the wavelengths respectively. The absorptivity values were determined for both the drugs at both the wavelengths and following Eqns were used, A1 = 110.9CNF+15.3COZ (1) and A2 = 43.7CNF+28.4COZ (2), where A1 and A2 are absorbances of the sample at 273 nm and 318.5 nm, respectively, 110.9 and 43.7 are absorptivities of NF at 273.0 and 318.5 nm, respectively, 15.3 and 28.7 are the absorptivities of OZ at 273.0 nm and 318.5 nm, respectively. CNF is the concentration of NF and COZ is the concentration of the OZ. The mixture concentration was determined by using the Eqns. 1 and 2.
In the absorption ratio method (Method-B), from the overlain spectra of both drugs (fig. 1), wavelengths 297.0 nm (iso-absorptive point) and 318.5 nm (λmax of OZ) were selected for the analysis. The calibration curves for NF and OZ were plotted in the concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml and 5-25 μg/ml at both the wavelengths respectively. The absorptivity values were determined for both the drugs at both the wavelengths. From the following set of Eqns the concentration of each component in the sample can be calculated, Cx = Qm–Qy/Qx–Qy×A1/a (1) and Cy = Qm–Qx/Qy–Qx×A1/a (2), where Cx is the concentration of NF, Cy is the concentration of OZ, A1 is the absobance of sample at iso-absorptive wavelength 297.0 nm, a is the mean absorptivity of NF and OZ at iso-absorptive wavelength 297.0 nm, Qm is the ratio of absorbance of sample solution at 318.5 nm and at 297.0 nm, Qx is the ratio of absorptivities of NF at 318.5 nm and at 297.0 nm and Qy is the ratio of absorptivities of OZ at 318.5 nm and at 297.0 nm.
In first order derivative spectroscopy (Method-C) solutions of NF and OZ (20 μg/ml, each), were prepared separately by appropriate dilution of standard stock solution and scanned in the spectrum mode from 200 nm to 400 nm. The absorption spectra thus obtained were derivatized from first to fourth order. First order derivative spectrum was selected for analysis of both drugs. The zero crossing wavelengths 297.5 nm (zero cross for NF) and 264.0 nm (zero cross for OZ) were selected for the analysis. The calibration curves for NF and OZ were plotted in the concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml and 5-25 μg/ml at both the wavelengths, respectively. The concentration of the individual drug present in the mixture was determined against the calibration curve in quantitation mode.
For the estimation of drugs in the commercial formulations, twenty tablets were weighed and average weight was calculated. The tablets were crushed to obtain fine powder. Tablet powder equivalent to 80 mg of NF was transferred to 100.0 ml volumetric flask containing 40 ml of 0.1N NaOH and ultrasonicated for 10 min and diluted to the mark with 0.1N NaOH. The solution was then filtered through a Whatmann filter paper No. 41. From the filtrate 5.0 ml was transferred to a 50.0 ml volumetric flask and diluted to the mark with 0.1N NaOH to obtain 8 μg/ml of NF and 10 μg/ml of OZ. The concentration of both NF and OZ was determined by measuring the absorbance of the sample at 273.0 nm and 318.5 nm (Method-A) and at 297.0 nm and 318.5 nm (method B) in the spectrum mode and values were substituted in the respective formulae to obtain concentrations. For Method-C concentration of both NF and OZ was determined by measuring the absorbance of the sample at 297.5 nm and 264.0 nm in first order spectrum mode. The results of the tablet analysis were calculated against the calibration curve in quantitation mode.
Recovery studies were carried out by standard addition method at three different levels 80%, 100% and 120%. The % recovery of NF and OZ in the sample mixture was determined. The results of tablet analysis and recovery studies obtained by proposed method were validated by statistical evaluation and are recorded in Tables Tables11 and and22.
The methods discussed in the present work provide a convenient and accurate way for simultaneous analysis of NF and OZ. Percent label claim for NF and OZ in tablet, by all the methods, was found in the range of 98.15% to 101.03%. Standard deviation and coefficient of variance for six determinations of tablet sample, by both the methods, was found to be less than ±2.0 indicating the precision of both the methods. Accuracy of proposed methods was ascertained by recovery studies and the results are expressed as % recovery. Percent recovery for NF and OZ, by all three methods, was found in the range of 98.27% to 101.07%, values of standard deviation and coefficient of variation were in the range of ±0.1578 to ±0.7216 and 0.1603 to 0.7250, respectively indicating the accuracy of proposed methods. Based on the results obtained, it is found that the proposed methods are accurate, precise, reproducible and economical and can be employed for routine quality control of norfloxacin and ornidazole in combined dose tablet formulation.
The authors wish to thank Dr. Avinash D. Deshpande, Director of Pharmacy, Pad. Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune for providing necessary facilities. The authors also thank Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Pune and Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai for providing gift samples of drugs NF and OZ.
Wankhede, et al.: Simultaneous Estimation of Norfloxacin and Ornidazole