Jeremy Tardy, who had a recurring role as a Kenyan student on Netflix’s series Dear White People, recently announced he was leaving the show, claiming racial discrimination and pay disparities affecting people of color.
In a recent Facebook post, Tardy confirmed he will no longer be portraying the role of “Rashid” and called out the series’ production company Lionsgate for not accepting his negotiated financial compensation counteroffer, while it did accept his white colleague’s.
“After being offered to return for several episodes my team was notified that our counter offer would not be considered and that the initial offer was the ‘best and final’,” he wrote. “This news was disturbing because one of my white colleagues—being a true ally—revealed that they too had received the same initial offer and had successfully negotiated a counter offer. My team expressed this issue to Lionsgate and the producers maintained their position that the white actor was able to negotiate while I was not—regardless of my credits and experience.”
Tardy added that he and six other recurring cast members initially “banded together” and decided not to take the initial offer on Aug. 31, noting that they had all suspected that there were pay disparities negatively affecting people of color on the cast and crew. However, Tardy claimed that Lionsgate and Netflix undermined their collective bargaining power via “side deals” and “lack of transparency.”
According to sources close to the production, the budget for Season 4 was increased significantly, with a portion of the increase earmarked for recurring cast members who all were offered raises. Some of them accepted, others held out for more money, a standard negotiating tactic. All offers were reportedly approved by series creator Justin Simien, with the negotiating window closing when he had to start writing the final season. (Simien serves as EP/co-showrunner alongside Yvette Lee Bowser.)
“These companies have recently released statements and even donations in support of the Black Lives Matter movement,” Tardy continued. “I am calling out their shameful practices of discrimination and racial inequality with regard to how they have historically undervalued and lowballed people of color. Politically correct lip service and symbolic gestures do not absolve you of the daily responsibility of doing business in a fair and equitable manner.”
“This was a purely financial negotiation regarding deal terms,” Lionsgate said in a statement to Deadline. “Lionsgate is committed to equal treatment for all talent regardless of race, gender, age or sexual orientation. We are very proud of Dear White People and its place in the national conversation about racial equality and social justice and we look forward to beginning production on its 4th season.” Netflix deferred to Lionsgate in regard to an official response on the matter.
The series, created by Justin Simien, will be returning for a fourth and final season. We don’t know the exact premiere date yet, but it was initially set to premiere sometime in 2020. Since Lionsgate’s statement shows they are just starting production, the projected date could possibly be pushed back even further.


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With debate over communion: Yet another reason for the Catholic church to lose members | Dick Polman
The church opposes the death penalty on principle, but has never sought to deny communion to Catholic politicians who support it.
Choice is crucial, and we will keep fighting anti-choice legislation | Opinion
Patients have a right to privacy. A pregnant person has a right to health care. What brings a person to their doctor's office is none of your business or mine.
With attacks on voting, abortion access, GOP looks to post-Wolf era. Are Dems ready? | Friday Morning Coffee
Voter suppression. Attacks on abortion rights. And science denial. The 2022 campaign matters more than ever.
Pa. House passes Down Syndrome abortion ban. Wolf vows veto
Tuesday’s vote marks the third time the House has advanced the proposal.
Roe v. Wade gave people who can get pregnant a choice about having children. Here’s how that changed their lives | Opinion
Roe v. Wade greatly improved the lives of generations of women across the U.S. in the last decades of the 20th century and early in the 21st.
There’s a pro-abortion rights case to be made for keeping the Hyde Amendment | Bruce Ledewitz
The elimination of the Hyde Amendment would energize and radicalize the anti-abortion movement.
What will a post-Trump U.S. Supreme Court look like? It might not be all that bad for liberals | Bruce Ledewitz
it is far better to leave the court alone to do its job. Even when we don’t entirely agree with the job that it does.
We’re future OB-GYNs. Pa. needs to drop its support for ‘crisis pregnancy’ centers | Opinion
Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs) are anti-abortion organizations that claim to help pregnant people though they have been shown to utilize misinformation to coerce, deceive, and manipulate women.
Pa. Planned Parenthood boss resigns over hostile workplace culture claims | Wednesday Morning Coffee
Leadership at the abortion rights organization says it's committed to building a culture of inclusion and to fighting structural racism 'at all levels.'
‘All the rights we hold dear are in jeopardy,’ famed lawyer Kathryn Kolbert warns of conservative Supreme Court | John L. Micek
A 6-3 conservative Supreme Court would result in rulings that would 'alter our understanding of constitutional law,' the famed attorney warned Thursday.
Planned Parenthood to launch $1.25M Pa. push to help Biden, down ballot Dems
The effort, which primarily focuses on lifting former Vice President Joe Biden to a victory in a state that President Donald Trump carried by barely a percentage point in 2016, kicks off Thursday.
If we’re serious about protecting religious liberty, we need universal healthcare | Bruce Ledewitz
In the interests of social peace, and the long-term protection of religious liberty, the availability of medical care must be separated from employment.

domain: news


State run PSU, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) is losing it’s Landline Customer base in Kerala Telecom Circle. As per TRAI reports, on an average more than 21,000 Landline Customers are closing their BSNL subscription per month in Kerala Circle alone.
We have analyzed the TRAI Subscriber statistics from April 2014 to December 2014. On 30th April 2014, BSNL’s Landline Subscriber base in Kerala Circle stood at 27,59,947. As per the latest TRAI Report, on 31st December 2014, the Landline subscriber base of PSU dropped to 25,80,135
In a period of 9 months, BSNL lost 1,93,013 Landline Customers in Kerala Circle. On an average more than 21,000 Landline connections are being closed in Kerala.
BSNL Landline Disconnections from April 2014 to December 2014 in Kerala Telecom Circle
Kerala Circle is the only BSNL telecom circle which made 3 digit profit in the previous financial year.
As per the information from BSNL sources, road development works carried out by different agencies across the state contribute the major damage to BSNL’s underground cable system. The lack of co-ordination between BSNL officials with Road development agencies is the main reason for the cable damages.
Landline / Wired Broadband services is the major source of revenue for the telecom major BSNL. As per the latest TRAI report, the PSU holds the No.1 position in the Wired Broadband segment.
BSNL started the process of upgrading their Landline Network to the Next Generation Network(NGN) across India. In addition, BSNL started the testing of ‘IP based Smart Landline Phones’ run on Android OS.
Recently, BSNL announced special 50% discount scheme for settelement of outstanding dues for defaulters.
Dear readers, please share your views and opinions about this huge number of Landline disconnections in Kerala Telecom Circle. Whether BSNL can bring back these customers to their side by offering better services?
AND YOU ARE JUST WATCHING THIS?
The essential items required for maintenance such as cable, wire etc. are unavailable in BSNL offices. Customers are requested to purchase them. The top management is insensitive to the ground realities as they are not part of BSNL, they are on indefinite deputation from DOT. Even if BSNL sinks they are safe.
It's sad to see the demise of BSNL, having been an irreplaceable part of an Indian household for decades. This is a classic example that demonstrates the consequences of reluctance to change with the times. BSNL has the most comprehensive network in India with almost unlimited resources, yet they failed to capitalize on it. Now they face extinction, such a shame. If only we had someone dedicated and honest to run the telecom sector.


Hi folks, I am new to the forum, glad to be here. I have an 88 150 XL, that cranks but won't start. It has EFI, and 4.9 liter auto, no air. It cranks hard but just won't turn over, I am new to repair, so any help would be appreciated.
After cranking it over for a lil pull a plug and see if you can smell gas on it? If no gas pull the fuel line going into the intak and crank with the line in a drip pan or bucket see if you get fuel? Once your sure you have fuel its time to check spark. With the plug out and grounded crank the engine and see if you got spark its easier to get a spark tester. Spark and fuel she should run unless you have a timing issues.
This forum is owned and operated by Internet Brands, Inc., a Delaware corporation. It is not authorized or endorsed by the Ford Motor Company and is not affiliated with the Ford Motor Company or its related companies in any way. FordŽ is a registered trademark of the Ford Motor Company.


And the man that leads our country was seen writing a note to Condi (Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice) asking permission/approval to use to take a potty break. "U.S. President George W. Bush writes a note to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice during a Security Council meeting at the 2005 World Summit and 60th General Assembly of the United Nations in New York September 14, 2005. World leaders are exploring ways to revitalize the United Nations at a summit on Wednesday but their blueprint falls short of Secretary-General Kofi Annan's vision of freedom from want, persecution and war." Looks like the world was trying to revitalize itself and Prez Bush needed to write a little note to ask to take a potty break. All the Bush haters will just love this one! But in Bush's defense, I guess it's a bit akward to raise one's hand when meeting with world leaders to ask to use the restroom.


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As has been seen in the newspaper recently, with the Sesquicentennial upon us, SCV members and others in many states have been attempting to commemorate this significant and important milestone in history with vehicle license plates emblazoned with the SCV or Confederate emblems. Some state legislators in their astounding and prejudiced ignorance continue to maintain that the Confederate Battle Flag is a symbol of hatred and oppression and should not be placed on these license plates. A concerted effort by SCV members should be made to contact these politicians and demand that these plates honoring these true Confederate patriots and libertarians be made available. Here is an open letter sent to one such vocal misinformed Florida Congress-woman.
I read with disappointment your statements and position regarding the attempt by John Adams to have a Confederate Heritage license plate created and made available for purchase by Florida drivers for their personal automobiles. His and the federal judge's position that such plates are protected under freedom of speech is a Constitutional question for which you have no legal standing to object. Your ignorant objections on the grounds that you ignorantly believe that the Confederate battle flag stands for oppression and racism to ignorant people just exemplifies your ignorance. My ancestors fought for the Confederate States of America and I believe, thousands of informed educated Sons of Confederate Veterans members, and other potential Florida tourists similarly believe that the flags of the Confederate States of America including the Battle Flag were raised and carried by people defending their homeland against an unConstitutional invasion of aggressors attempting to force the Confederate States back into a Union from which they legally seceded. My forefathers who fought for the South were not slave owners and to infer that they would risk their lives to defend their neighbors legal right (upheld by the United States Supreme Court at that time in our history) to own slaves is preposterous. I can understand why blacks like yourselves who have not been otherwise educated to the true history of the War Between the States might believe that the Northern states attacked the South in a grand crusade to emancipate the slaves in the South but that would ignorantly ignore the historical facts of the period. Lincoln who has been exposed as the most tyrannical President in the history of our country but who the ignorant masses cling to as some mighty moral emancipator provides the following personal quotes to frame the root cause for the conflict - "Free them and make them politically and socially our equals? My own feelings will not admit of this." Or how about, "There is no right and ought to be no inclination in the people of the free States to enter into the slave States and interfere with the question of slavery at all." Or maybe, "It does not follow that social and political equality between whites and blacks must be incorporated because slavery must not." Hmm, let's try, "It is nothing but a miserable perversion of what I have said to assume that I have declared Missouri or any other slave State shall emancipate her slaves. I have proposed no such thing." Or from the Lincoln Memorial itself, "My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union and it (is) not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it." Ah, so the Emancipation Proclamation was a ploy to gain political favor and advantage to continue the bloodiest war in our history. The War Between the States and the flags which flew over the Confederate lines on the battlefields of that terrible struggle represent a struggle of these Confederate States to uphold the soverign rights guaranteed them originally when joining the Union to secede as a final recourse against an over reaching overburdening federal government which had imposed unfair tariffs penalizing the South's economy and which refused to lose the South's wealth and income should those States secede. Follow the money - as Lincoln also said, "I say that we must not interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists because the constitution forbids it and the general welfare does not require us to do so." Ol' U.S.Grant was a slave owner. Robert E. Lee, not. Many in the South believed the institution to be morally repugnant but for those who profitted, they profitted for the good of Lincoln's pocket books and they were only product's of their time in history. Don't Monday morning or 21st century quarterback the morality of these God fearing righteous people who in actuality need only have referred to the Bible for historical justification of and blessing for the institution of slavery. Indeed, if you count yourself a Christian, you probably have these plantation owners to thank for instilling in your forebears these Christian principles. The institution of slavery was widely recognized and bound anyway to have run it's course in American history and would be replaced by the mechanized productivity of the industrial revolution within a few short decades so please don't ignorantly maintain that 600,000 people died in a struggle based on what amounts to a moot point. Please study your history and hopefully with an open mind you will discover that the true patriots and God fearing brave defenders of liberty and States Rights were the citizens of the Confederate States of America who proudly flew those banners including the Battle Flag. I am very proud of my given names and proud that my great great grandfathers fought alongside these great Confederate Cavalry officers and I will fly the Confederate Battle Flag from my home and on my vehicle's bumper whether it be on a license plate or on a sticker to proclaim my undying admiration for the honor and glory with which they were Confederate Veterans.
Regards, Stuart Forrest Waldo, SCV Camp 1524

domain: history


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Steinbeck, grapes of wrath the last paragraph really defined the human condition at that time faulkner anything by him i love the way faulkner brings us southern culture to fitzgerald - so beautiful, but i also like faukner and steinbeck hemingway is a bit sterile for me, but really interesting. John steinbeck was a pulitzer prize winning american author who wrote twenty-five books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books, and many collections of short stories his work is both prolific and historically significant of mice and men should not be banned in any school or library today. Graphic depiction of sitting on a dock francis scott key fitzgerald/john steinbeck (bungou stray dogs) (3) francis scott key fitzgerald/zelda fitzgerald. John steinbeck (1902 - 1968) an american writer best known for his novels about the great depression famous works include of mice and men (1937) john steinbeck was born on 27th february 1902 in salinas, california his family were descendants of german immigrants and lived in a small rural town.
Besides hemingway it includes scott fitzgerald and dos passos, while steinbeck and faulkner share some characteristics at the same time that they are several of hemingway's novels have been published posthumously true at first light, depiction of a safari in kenya, appeared in july 1999. If the novel is fitzgerald's comment on the american dream, then all you have to do is look to the characters and determine if they found their dream gatsby's dream of becoming the man who could be worthy of daisy's love by having money is attained on the surface, but he still doesn't get. Brain pickings has a free sunday digest of the week's most interesting and inspiring articles across art, science, philosophy, creativity, children's books, and steinbeck counsels: abandon the idea that you are ever going to finish lose track of the 400 pages and write just one page for each day, it helps.
What was the role of acclaimed author john steinbeck in world war ii for starters, participating and noting the horrors of the salerno invasion as an accredited journalist, steinbeck could still write and yet be in the thick of the fighting but his temper flared as he told his friend, from what i have so far. According to many articles written on steinbeck, he did not wish to identify with any literary movement he often brought many characteristics of various literary movements into his novels however, his writings came right at the end of modernism's climax and tend to often primarily include many styles of. Early childhood education journal, vol 29, no 2, winter 2001 ( 2001) examining the reggio emilia approach to early childhood education valarie mercilliott hewett1,2,3 reggio emilia, a prosperous region in northern italy, is the site of one of the most innovative, high-quality city-run infant-toddler and pre-primary systems in the world. Nobel laureates faulkner, o'neill, hemingway and steinbeck were alcoholics, as were brendan hemingway declared that he drank to make other people more interesting and f scott fitzgerald in the aftermath of a blackout, hepola would joke about creating a new tv show: csi: hangover. John ernst steinbeck jr (/ˈstaɪnbɛk/ february 27, 1902 - december 20, 1968) was an american author he won the 1962 nobel prize in literature for his realistic and imaginative writings.
Fitzgerald, author of winter dreams and the great gatsby, and steinbeck, author of flight used modernistic writing and their personal life encounters to illustrate their thoughts that nature serves as an escape from reality. John steinbeck was a celebrated american writer famous for his novel, 'the grapes of wrath' read on for detailed information about his childhood, profile 'the grapes of wrath' is considered to be one of steinbeck's greatest literary achievements it is because of this book, that he earned the 'pulitzer. The two novels can be considered sequentially, as steinbeck's depiction of those inhabiting the lower rung of society takes place during the great depression, and fitzgerald's story takes. Characterized by bizarre distortions, especially in the exaggerated or abnormal depiction of human features the literature of grotesque involves freakish caricatures of people's appearance or behavior, as in the novels of charles dickens. 4 john steinbeck — an american prose writer, author of many world famous works and short stories: 'the grapes of wrath', 'eden of the east' (grapes of 5 francis scott fitzgerald — an american writer, the largest representative of the so-called 'lost generation' he's known for number of novels.
The book's realistic depiction and clarity of character, theme, and landscape are recognizably steinbeck, as is its subject matter the text examines social ostracism of the mentally ill and other deviants who fail to subscribe to the confining strictures of conventional society. John steinbeck charcoal on paper, 1935, by james fitzgerald national portrait gallery, smithsonian institution essential for an understanding of the steinbeck/ricketts relationship is richard astro, john steinbeck and edward f ricketts: the shaping of a novelist (1973), and essays in steinbeck. A summary of chapters 1 - 4 in john steinbeck's cannery row the first chapters of this book are largely concerned with painting a picture of a specific time and place by refusing to write about everyman type figures the way hemingway and fitzgerald do, steinbeck also signals that he will. Scott fitzgerald's the great gatsby and john steinbeck's the grapes of wrath in the novels 'the great gatsby' by scott fitzgerald and 'the grapes of wrath' by john steinbeck, the authors present similar ideas, but use different methods to portray them. As john steinbeck was developing as a writer, events taking place in the united states provided him with plenty of material to write about in october 1929 the us stock market crashed, sparking the great depression banks collapsed businesses closed by 1933, a quarter of the population was.
His depictions of class conflict and exploitation of the poor were informed by genuine empathy toward victims of social injustice, yet provoked controversy steinbeck was a close associate of playwright arthur miller, author of death of a salesman and the crucible. What if john steinbeck had found fitzgerald in the alleys after the fall of the moby dick instead of alcott overly romantic depiction of snowfall summary. F scott fitzgerald's the great gatsby and john steinbeck's grapes of wrath - f scott fitzgerald's the great gatsby and john steinbeck's grapes of wrath are superb models of individual and settings' contrasting elements. John steinbeck has been characterized as having been influenced by the likes of charles darwin, the naturalist, author of the origin of species, and champion of the theory of evolution instead of romanticism and its highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment of its subjects.
Steinbeck's depiction of the westward migration of the joad family, and their subsequent struggles in the exploitative agricultural industry of california, is realistic and moving, and he endows his humble characters with nobility steinbeck's other works are diverse, ranging from the literal account of a. John steinbeck nació en salinas, california en 1902, y pasó la mayoría de su vida en el condado de monterey, el escenario de muchos de sus trabajos ficticios el asistió a la universidad de stanford intermitentemente entre 1920 y 1926 steinbeck no se graduó de stanford, y en vez de ello decidió.
By: saskhia dieudonné steinbeck and fitzgerald through a critical lens the great gatsby the great gatsby the grapes of wrath lens psychoanalytical the grapes of wrath i tell you, you got to go we made up our mind (steinbeck 168) and now ma's mouth set hard she said softly, 'on'y way. Best answer: fitzgerald is saying that it will never work the entire novel of the great gatsby is based on the american dream he does mention the american dream once or twice in the book, i think.

domain: library


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April 4th, 2011
02:36 PM ET
Washington (CNN) - President Barack Obama will meet Tuesday with congressional leaders to discuss budget negotiations three days before the deadline to avoid a government shutdown, White House spokesman Jay Carney said Monday.
Carney said Obama believes it is "a very good time for these senior leaders coming together to assess where we are" and see what can be done to reach final agreement on government spending for the rest of the current fiscal year, which ends on September 30.
Without an agreement, the current resolution authorizing government spending will expire on Friday.
According to Carney, "significant progress" has been made in talks so far, including agreement on a target figure of $33 billion in total spending cuts below current levels.
Invitations for the Tuesday meeting went to House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio; Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada; Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Dan Inouye, D-Hawaii; and House Appropriations Committee Chairman Hal Rogers, R-Kentucky.
Top senators said Sunday that they believe Congress will reach a deal to avoid a government shutdown this week, but there was little consensus on two larger budget battles looming in coming months.


text: Americans shake hands when they greet each other. Argentines kiss each other on one cheek. So what happens when two Americans are introduced in Argentina? The shake/kiss pose, where both parties partially extend one hand while inclining the upper half of their body forward. That way they can respond with either a handshake or a kiss as soon as they've judged which is expected. Until they do, they look pretty awkward.

domain: sociology


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NOW CURATING: YOMI
s t r e e t a r t i s t
Valerie Gay is a multi-talented woman. Val is the executive director of Art Sanctuary, and before that, she worked in institutional advancement at Temple University and as a Vice President at PNC. Val is a trained opera singer and still performs in the area, conducts choirs, and runs financial literacy classes (in all her spare time!). She’s making a huge impact on art in Philadelphia, and I couldn’t be happier to have her as a part of this week’s Curate This.
-Jane Golden, Curator
Last week’s curator, Jane Golden, says, “Art ignites change.” When it comes to segregation can art conquer social exclusion and isolation?
Philadelphia is the fourth most segregated city in the nation. Living in Philadelphia this is an un-ignorable fact. We, as Philadelphians, create personal boundaries, restrictions for our living, working, and playing that keeps us from interacting with other groups of people. Whether class or race divides that group, segregation is a present part of Philadelphia. As an unfortunate adage to our city’s standing definitions, we are a city of neighborhoods, but you stay on your side of the neighborhood and I’ll stay on mine. But how do we collectively combat segregation? Beyond personal belief, organizational value, and political siding, how do we exercise integration?
Besides the Eagles and cheesesteaks, there are certain spaces that bridge racial tension and class divide. That which we dub “public” surpasses the proverbial cool kid stoop, and invites all to share the space. In Philadelphia most of our public spaces are neighborhood specific or geared towards tourists. We have our parks and recreation centers that serve a certain community, and monuments that draw outside visitors.
The recently renovated Dilworth Plaza is an excellent example of good public space in Philadelphia, but it is one of a kind. At the heart of Center City, Dilworth Plaza is a comfortable and useful space, and a space that attracts both residents and visitors alike. The plaza maintains its historic reputation, allowing itself to be a place of protest and demonstration, but it also hosts farmers markets and art exhibitions.
Public spaces could be the key to reducing segregation in Philadelphia. Public parks and plazas become spaces of debate and conversation. In his piece, The Sociology of Public Space, Stephane Tonnelat lays down the foundation for an argument that has been accepted both by urban planners and sociologists, stating, “The general opinion is that public spaces are an essential ingredient to the sustainability of cities for political, social, economic, public health and biodiversity reasons. However, the dominating trend observed by many is one of shrinkage rather than expansion of the public realm.” As public spaces become less available, segregation in urban spaces become more prevalent. Tonnelat adds, “according to global indicators of segregation (class, race and ethnicity, gender) seem to show a worldwide growing separateness of the different categories of populations. Today, for a number of planners public space thus appears as an important means to alleviate these ills while at the same time addressing emerging issues such as the imperative of sustainable development and social justice.”
Public spaces often fall victim to condominiums and shopping spaces, however we have been seeing a reestablishing of the public space in Philadelphia. Earlier this year a new design was announced for LOVE Park. The park has always had its architectural challenges. Inga Saffron, architect critic for the Inquirer, wrote in May, “There are many ways that the new design for LOVE Park could have gone wrong. The square at the gateway to the Parkway is an engineering nightmare, perched above a parking garage and a train tunnel. The $15 million budget is barely adequate.”
Saffron, like many Philadelphians, was happy with the news of a redesign that kept the integrity of the park’s vista views intact along with the iconic spaceship building. However, there was backlash from other communities, like Philadelphia’s skate scene. Despite the controversy, the new design brings aesthetic coherence to an otherwise awkward location, and mirrors the intentions of Dilworth Plaza. The park is meant to be a place that encourages spending quality time with friends and family, which the park does not do at the moment.
The area that houses Dilworth Plaza, LOVE Park, and Thomas Paine Plaza could be repurposed and perhaps become the first step in reprioritizing public space in Philadelphia. Currently the area is the most confused and clumsy survey of indecisive Percent for Art Program decisions, and metaphors that have gone terribly awry. Architectural wonders stand side by side next to what I can only assume someone’s whimsical rulings about awkward public art pieces. It’s a shame, but the area has all the potential. If the heart of Center City prioritized public space, it would be making a statement about integration, and hopefully the rest of the city would follow.
When Curate This was just an idea, one of the first people we knew we wanted to collaborate with was Jane Golden. Her mantra, “art ignites change,” has rung true throughout her long history with Mural Arts. Jane Golden is the Founder and Executive Director of the City of Philadelphia’s Mural Arts Program, which has created more than 3,800 works of public art in the city of Philadelphia. As a strong voice in Philadelphia’s art community, we are honored to have Jane contribute to Curate This.
-Amanda V. Wagner, co-founder
The National Institute of Justice states that across the country and within five years of release, 76 percent of former prisoners have been re-incarcerated. It’s called the recidivism rate, and it’s awful.
Coming out of prison and re-entering society is an immense challenge. Weaving back into the threads of a daily life, a life that has been interrupted for months or even years, is difficult, complex, ongoing work. It’s work that cries out for help with navigation, for compassionate voices to help explain and connect the journey.
It’s one of the areas in which artists could make a huge difference.
Artists are able to translate societal currents in a way that many of us cannot. Artists could explore the ways in which people emerge from the prison system and reconnect to the world at large. Artists could explore the ways in which systems work or fail for people who can’t always figure out how to navigate them. Artists could explore the human condition of separation and isolation, and the ways in which we all make our connection back into the world.
But artists aren’t doing so in a large scale way. And I think there’s room for artistic intervention in this society-wide epidemic of re-entry failure.
One of Mural Arts’ main programs is Restorative Justice. That phrase, restorative justice, references the process of gathering victims, offenders, and the community, and engaging in healing processes that strengthen our neighborhoods. Restorative justice flips our perceptions of former prisoners, explores the ways that they can make a positive difference within their community, and heals some of the hurt they caused through previous actions. It’s a process that connects well with our core belief, that art ignites change, as community members connect to each other through art, through creating something together, bridging the gap of hurt, confusion, and distrust in a way that words often cannot.
And I’m excited that we’re exploring these themes in a citywide fashion with Open Source, our month long, citywide public art exhibition. Three artists, Sam Durant, Shepard Fairey, and SWOON are taking a deep dive into how we connect back to society and how we can explore these themes through art making.
For Open Source, Sam Durant delved into Philadelphia’s prison system. He met with people in and outside of the prison system, gaining insight into how their lives had been affected. One man, a participant in the workshop, told Sam that going to prison was like getting lost in a maze of systems. The comment sparked an artistic product: Labyrinth, a chain-link fence maze, now installed in Thomas Paine Plaza, across from City Hall. The maze is transparent, but as visitors add objects representing their personal stories to the maze’s walls, it will become opaque, covered with powerful stories and images.
Shepard Fairey, the creator of OBEY Giant, looked at stories of strength after incarceration. He chose two images of people who have found a path back into society—a path that’s been meaningful, positive, and interesting for each of them. Creating murals of both people, Shepard is taking a look at how people who were incarcerated reconnect to the world and asks us if we as a society can forgive.
SWOON took a look at the subject of reconnection through the lens of mental health and trauma. After working with women in a halfway house, at Graterford SCI, and with Mural Arts’ Guild Program, SWOON developed intimate portraits of the people she met, telling their stories through compelling imagery and presentations throughout October.
I’m proud that Mural Arts is shining a light on this, and I think it’s time to see what artists around Philadelphia and the world can create and do to bring attention to restorative justice and our criminal justice system. I can’t wait to see what innovation and new ideas the creative response unlocks. As a city and a country we need to understand that artists are often the most creative thinkers in our society and by supporting them in their work we are helping to solve some of our more intractable problems.
Photo by Steve Weinik, © 2015, SWOON.


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NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WKRN) — The Metro Transportation Licensing Commission is setting the rules on how transportainment vehicles operate in the city.
During this month’s commissioner meeting, Nashville Mayor John Cooper, other city leaders and citizens expressed their disappointment in how these vehicles operate in the city.
“It’s time to regulate the party,” Mayor Cooper said.
He and other leaders spoke about the disruptive nature these entertainment buses bring to city neighborhoods. Several people who work in downtown Nashville also spoke on how these buses cause chaos in their community.
“There’s times, especially during the summertime, when the honkytonks have the windows open and the band can’t even hear themselves,” says Musician Ben Donovan said. “I think because it’s so loud, they are taking away from our ability to make a living.”
To see the proposed rules and regulations commissioners have posted, click here.
Several transportainment operators were in the audience. Many that spoke with News 2 say they are not happy with the way they are depicted in the community.

domain: politics


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Private Portrait drawing and Single Student Private Lessons
Private Portrait drawing lessons
In this ongoing portrait class where I am guiding you towards drawing from a live model. It is a step by step method that breaks down the realization of a portrait in a lot of little steps all simple to do so that you become confident in what you do.
The lessons are created to give one to one individualized training while benefiting from the support and stimulation of the groupe.
You will explore the following technique: Pencil, Charcoal, Grisaille Oil painting, Limited Palette Oil painting and finally Color Oil painting.
Each class starts with a demonstration or a lecture.
Mana Contemporary Studio #B66 888 Newark Avenue Jersey City, NJ 07306
Class are held in my studio #B66. By attending the class in my studio, you benefit from the environment of a professional contemporary art studio and the Mana Contemporary stimulating Art center.
Pricing group class
If you commit, you get a discount to $240/ month (instead of $320)
For more information message me here
Single Student Private Lessons
One-on-one private art lessons. Designed to give you focused personal training as you work on your own specific projects or given assignment. Email me for details here
Pricing Private lesson: $90/h. If you commit, you get a discount to $80/h
“I’ve only taken 3 drawing classes but I can say that Jean-Antoine is patient, fun, and creative. He’s a talented artist. He studied with the best. And your drawings will look the best.”
“I've been taking art classes with Jean-Antoine for about 8 months and he is very didactic when teaching; he makes sure all areas are covered, such as techniques, vocabulary and individual creativity. In the last month I've been working on a landscape painting where all the knowledge gain is being applied to this project.”
“Jean Antoine is a thoughtful and inspiring art teacher. I am a beginner and I gained confidence to believe in myself. He brought his wealth of experience and creativity into his teaching while understanding his students’ varying artistic skill level and propelling them to find their voices for artistic expression. He is masterful in his technique in both his art and teaching. Thank you JA! “

domain: hobby


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We work with a wide range of world’s leading brands which specialize in solutions focused on infection prevention systems.

domain: medical


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Separated at Birth
We got pulled in different directions on this one. On one hand, CNN’s Jake Tapper has a little Ben Affleck in him. On the other? Ed Helms of “The Office” and previously “The Daily Show.” Also…ever wonder what Tapper’s hair would look like if it wasn’t slicked back or trimmed neatly in place? He just might look a little like David Duchovny.
Did Marty make it to Washington, D.C. and not tell anyone? Marty Rudolf, the Twitter-famous News Junkie Online, continues to captivate the internet with his curious questioning of journalists and celebs from his home in Chicago. From the sound of things, Marty never makes it to Washington, but our spy spotted a Marty lookalike at the Foggy Bottom Trader Joe’s over the weekend. Could this be Marty? Could it be a relative? Could it be a fellow News Junkie Online?
We have a few lookalikes on the table today. They come from opposing networks. No matter. Even if Roger Ailes forbids it, they could still be sisters from the start. There’s CNN’s Deb Ferrick and FNC’s Dana Perino. Ferrick also looks like Betty Buckley, the actress who played “Abby Bradford” (the stepmother) on “Eight is Enough.”
Ferrick and Buckley
Here we have Ferrick with Perino with identical hairdos.
Dana Perino with actress Cameron Diaz
See more Perino lookalikes… Read more
On this Friday we match up WaPo columnist Ruth Marcus, who appeared on MSNBC. Her doppelganger: Actress Kathy Najimy, known for her roles in the films Sister Act, Sister Act II and Hocus Pocus.
Not long ago, Buzzfeed’s Benny Johnson put together a wonderful list featuring members of Congress and their animal lookalikes. While we don’t have a list of “30 Animals That Look Like Benny Johnson,” we did find one potential clone. Comedian Greg Proops was in town earlier this week to perform and tape his podcast at the DC Improv. We caught up with him at the “Lamb Jam” food event at Eastern Market on Monday night. He was wearing a green, flannel suit and, with the rising temps, told us that he was “fucking hot.” Maybe it’s the sharp outfits or the glasses, but we think the two could be brothers from another mother.
While we don’t know the long-term fate of CNN’s Erin Burnett, she was noticeably passed over for the network’s revamped morning show, which leaves her as host of OutFront. That leaves her future a little murky, but if times get really tough, she could always get a side gig as a look-alike for actress Zooey Deschanel.
There’s no denying these two look like they were separated outside the womb. They are Washington D.C. Digital Communications Consultant Jonathan Rick and that wild and crazy guy Steve Martin.
Zoe Feldman, a Washington designer, freelance writer and TV personality bears a striking resemblance to actress Jessica Alba. The two could pass for sisters. At least when wearing bangs.
With news of Jason Collins breaking this past week, The Nation‘s Sports Editor, Dave Zirin, has been making the rounds. On a recent appearance with Current TV’s John Fugelsang, we weren’t sure if it was Zirin or another Current host, Cenk Uygur. Check out this side-by-side comparison and you be the judge.


Christina Aguilera performed a three-song set during the 2010 MTV Movie Awards last night.
What do you think of her performance ?
Check it out here:
Christina Aguilera hit the ‘American Idol’ finale stage last night and the powerhouse vocalist performed a stunning medley of ‘Fighter’ and ‘You Lost Me’ – a new song from her upcoming ‘Bionic’ LP – for the audience. Aguilera’s ‘Bionic’ album will be released on June 8th. Check out the performance below:
That was certainly an incredible vocal from Christina Aguilera. I absolutely adore her vocals and always have.
I hope people start to support her latest album “Bionic” cos she has undoubted talent, that should be all that matters!
When it comes to vocals she is in that very top league of amazing vocalists.
If you haven’t heard ‘Not Myself Tonight‘ yet, all you need do is press ‘play’ below
Personally I think it’s not a bad track , it’s a bit of a club banger and completely different to what Christina has done previously.
The few times ive heard it I havent thought much of it partly because it seemed rather lacking in the chorus department, and also secondly because it wasn’t the genre-busting electro-indie-pop-rock-R&B epic we were hoping for! Others could disagree however..
What do you think of ‘Not Myself Tonight’? Is it what you were hoping for from Christina’s comeback single?


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Never doubt just how special you are.
What a delightful first picture book this is. Speaking directly to a new born baby, this love letter reminds the child that there is nobody quite like him/her in simple text which will withstand multiple re readings and is short enough that even a wriggler will be able to last through its entirety.
The text is supported by beautiful baby animal photographs which will captivate young viewers and also delight adult readers. There are kittens, elephants, zebras, monkeys, even fish and, in the final to photos, a baby.
Whilst the title and the term ‘newborn’ baby in the text suggest the key target audience is newborns, older children will also enjoy the message of uniqueness and unconditional love, and the lively photo illustrations will also delight them.
Hey Baby! would make a perfect gift for a baby shower or newborn.
Hey Baby! by Corinne Fenton
Black DOg, 2012
Available from good bookstores or online. Buying through this link supports Aussiereviews.

domain: artistic


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Brazilian youngster Welliton has been one of the star players of this year's Russian Premier League with his outstanding performances at Spartak Moscow.
The 23-year-old was crowned top scorer with 21 goals, but his performances appear to have gone unnoticed by Brazil national team coach Carlos Dunga. Therefore, Welliton could be tempted to switch allegiances.
"I won’t wait for a long time for an invitation to Brazil's national team in case I have an opportunity to play for the Russian side. If all necessary documents are ready and I get a concrete invitation, I would say 'yes' immediately and start playing for Russia," said Welliton to Sport Express.
"Nothing is impossible and Russia have everything necessary to win
the World Cup before I finish my playing
career. Players just need to have a huge desire to play football and
the coaching staff should be responsible for their preparation.
"There is no doubt about it that I could have helped the Russian national team in
Maribor. Thank God I didn’t face similar negative emotions, but to say
that I was disappointed by Russia’s loss is an understatement."
Stefan Coerts, Goal.com

domain: sports


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What to Expect
Nara was the Imperial capital of Japan between 710 and 784. The city has many places of historical and artistic interest including the Nara Palace site, or the Heijyokyu remains, Yakushi-ji Temple, Toshodai-ji Temple and Saidai-ji Temple.
You can see the newly reconstructed Daikokuden and Suzaku gate, or vermillion bird gate on the Nara Palace site which has a size of about one square kilometer. The Daikokuden was finally completed after 9 years in 2010 as a milestone of its 1,300th anniversary. On the southern half of the Nara Palace site, there is the "TOIN" or the East Palace Garden that Empress Shotoku built.
Yakushi-ji Temple is the headquarters of the Hosso sect of Buddhism. This temple's main object of worship is the Yakushi Nyorai, or the Buddha of Medicine, as can be seen in the name of the temple, "Yaku" meaning medicine. The temple has two three-storied pagoda. The East Pagoda, which is the third oldest pagoda in Japan, is designated as a National Treasure. The East Pagoda is under repair and is supposed to be open to the public in 2019.
Toshodai-ji Temple is the headquarters of the Ritsu sect of Buddhism. The founder of the temple was Ganjin, who established the temple in 759.
Saidai-ji, literally West Big Temple, is named the opposite of Todai-ji, or literally East Big Temple. In "Shiijin-soo", it is said that 4 sacred animals protect the 4 directions, for example, the temple is positioned so that the black turtle protects it from the north.
Nara is one of the few cities that didn't suffer air-raids during World War Ⅱ. Therefore its quiet and historical atmosphere hasn't changed for many centuries till today
Why don't you come walk with me through the peaceful and historical city of Nara ?

domain: travel


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2 edition of The Sweet comfort of rationalization: the impact of The Terror Network found in the catalog.
The Sweet comfort of rationalization: the impact of The Terror Network
Jeanne N. Knutson
|Statement||Jeanne N. Knutson, University of California.|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||10|
During the early stages of the Iraq War, United States Army and Central Intelligence Agency personnel committed a series of human rights violations against detainees in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, including physical and sexual abuse, torture, rape, sodomy, and murder. The abuses came to public attention with the publication of photographs of the abuse by CBS News in April This is our comfort in the ministry, that ours is a divine office to which we have been divinely called. Reversely, what an awful thing it must be for the conscience if one is not properly called. It spoils one's best work. When I was a young man I thought Paul was making too much of his call. I did not understand his purpose.
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Rozemyne, now both the High Bishop and the archduke’s adopted daughter, finds herself lost in a position of power she just isn’t used to. Preparing for the Harvest Festival, taking care of new orphans, dealing with the dissatisfaction of a neighboring town—her list of problems just keeps on growing.
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There has been considerable delay in the book’s publication; but I say, better late than never, particularly now that I have read it. Before I get into the nitty-gritty of the review of this book, let me indulge for a moment in memories of my youth at the Geza Kenisha school as a student of Aya Woldeab, as we referred to him.
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PEOPLE WEFARE DEVOPMENT SOCIETY Non Governmental Organization is located in KARAIKUDI Tamil Nadu . PEOPLE WEFARE DEVOPMENT SOCIETY is registered as a Society at KARAIKUDI of state Tamil Nadu with Ngo unique registration ID 'TN/2010/0034149' . The NGO registration is done by Sub-Registrar with registration number 43 on the date of 12-03-1999, Its parent ORganaisation is PaulFoundation. The Chairman of PEOPLE WEFARE DEVOPMENT SOCIETY is ALANGARAM and Chief functionary officer is KARUNANITHY.
PEOPLE WEFARE DEVOPMENT SOCIETY Key Issues and
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This PEOPLE WEFARE DEVOPMENT SOCIETY NGO charity is working on Key Issues of Dalit Upliftment
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Greetings of love and joy from PWDS. We would like to introduce ourselves as non Government Social Service organization has been rendering service al the grass root level for the promotion and upliftment of the depressed and oppressed community in our service areas. PWDS mainly concentrate on basic needs, Adult Education, Non-Formal and Technical education and Health education, Women and Children development, Economic and Social development programmes, above mentioned Dalit Communities and others. It is our understanding that your eminent institution sends out volunteers for developing countries to work in the Dalit Community development project with people’s co-operation. Therefore I kindly request you to send us your programmed guidelines and projects proposal about your good office and also information us the possible area co-operation with PWDS to carry our various dalit community development programmes for the well being of needy people.


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A Broccolini Side Dish With White Beans and Hazelnuts
The trendy New York City restaurant Dimes is the cooler older sibling to your average goody-two-shoes health food restaurant. With a menu that doesn’t take itself too seriously—yep, there’s actual mayo and bacon in that BLT—but is balanced by nutritious and tasty seasonal dishes, it’s no wonder the place has found favor among even the most discerning of critics. (It doesn’t hurt that almost everything in the restaurant is Insta-worthy—will you look at these flowers?!)
We chatted with co-owners Sabrina De Sousa and Alissa Wagner, who first met waiting tables ten years ago—and got a delish fall to winter side dish recipe that’ll pair perfectly with chicken or fish.
Their favorite ingredient of the moment "Concord grapes," says Wagner. "They’re in season right now and are so fresh, tart, anddelicious. And delicata squash—the rind is edible, so it’s one of those whole foods where you can eat every single part of it. When it’s roasted it gets a sweet flavor."
__What's missing on restaurant menus these days__Wagner chose the ever-coiled fiddlehead ferns, which are "only available for a few weeks every year. We had them on the menu in the spring and most people didn’t know what they were," she says. And De Sousa's pick? Micro shiso, "an heirloom variety of the Asian herb, shiso."
What veggie has passed its 15 minutes of fame You guessed it: kale. "I think people really go wild. I still love it, but there are other leafy greens with tons of antioxidants and nutrients, too, like the chards," says Wagner.
Broccolini with White Beans and Hazelnuts
- 2 Cups dried white beans (navy, or great northern) soaked overnight
- 1 Onion, quartered
- 1 Head garlic, halved crosswise
- Kosher salt
- 1 1/2 Pound broccolini
- 1/2 Cup olive oil, divided
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 4 Anchovy fillets packed in oil, drained, finely chopped
- Zest of 2 lemons
- 1/4 Cup fresh lemon juice
- 1/2 Cup hazelnuts, toasted and chopped
Drain beans and place in a large heavy pot. Add onion and garlic to beans. Pour in water to cover by 2”; season with salt. Bring to a boil, reduce heat, and simmer, adding water as needed to keep beans submerged, until beans are tender, about 2 hours. Let cool. Discard onion and garlic, then drain.
Preheat oven to 450°. Toss broccolini with 1/4 cup oil on a rimmed baking sheet; season with salt and pepper. Roast, tossing occasionally, until tender and lightly charred, roughly 20 minutes.
In a large bowl, combine anchovies, lemon zest, lemon juice, and beans. Toss and season with salt, pepper, and more lemon juice, if desired.
To serve, spoon bean mixture over broccolini and garnish with chopped hazelnuts.
Image Credit: Courtesy Dimes

domain: food


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Despite improvement in prognosis of colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer survivors often suffer from adverse effects of cancer treatment, including reduced health-related fitness level. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the feasibility and efficacy of the 6-week home-based exercise program on the level of physical activity and physical fitness in stage II to III colorectal cancer survivors. Seventy-two stage II to III colorectal cancer survivors were randomly assigned to either a home-based exercise (n = 38) or usual care (n = 34) group for 6 weeks. The goal of the home-based exercise program was to increase the level of exercise to 18 metabolic equivalent task hours per week. The primary and the secondary outcomes of this study were physical activity level and physical fitness, respectively. A total of 57 participants (79.2%) completed the trial. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that moderate physical activity level increased significantly by 269.4 ± 260.6 minutes per week in the exercise group (mean between-group difference, 254.6 minutes; 95% confidence interval, 172.7–434.7; p < 0.001). Physical fitness measured by using the step test (-3.9 vs. 2.6, p = 0.012) and push-up test (3.0 vs. -1.2, p = 0.012) also improved significantly in the exercise group compared to the control group. The 6-week home-based mixed aerobic and resistance exercise program was feasible and effective for increasing physical activity level and physical fitness in stage II to III colorectal cancer survivors.
Citation: Lee MK, Kim NK, Jeon JY (2018) Effect of the 6-week home-based exercise program on physical activity level and physical fitness in colorectal cancer survivors: A randomized controlled pilot study. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0196220. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196220
Editor: Dongmei Li, University of Rochester, UNITED STATES
Received: September 23, 2017; Accepted: March 5, 2018; Published: April 26, 2018
Copyright: © 2018 Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and in Supporting Information files.
Funding: This research was supported by the National R&D program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (1631020) to JYJ and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015S1A5B8036349) to JYJ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analyses, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Colorectal cancer survival rates are continuously improving due to early detection and improved health care. In Korea, the 5-year relative survival rate of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer from 2008 to 2012 was 74.8% (76.9% in men, 71.8% in women) . Despite improvement in survival, colorectal cancer survivors often suffer from the adverse effects of cancer treatment (surgery and/or chemotherapy), including reduced health-related fitness level,  functional capacity [1, 3], and quality of life,  as well as increased fatigue [5–7].
Physical activity is not only associated with reduced risk of recurrence and cancer-related death from colorectal cancer [8–10], but it also improves cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in cancer survival [11–14]. Despite the benefits of physical activity, it has been reported that only 23.5% of colorectal cancer survivors participate in over 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week . Barriers of participation in exercise among colorectal cancer survivors include fatigue, low level of physical fitness, and poor health .
Recently, a meta-analysis including 87 patients from 3 randomized controlled trials provided strong evidence for short-term improvement in physical fitness after exercise interventions in colorectal cancer survivors compared with controls . However, further evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of exercise interventions for colorectal cancer survivors is required. Although most cancer patients agree that participation in exercise is important for their health, many patients experience difficulties in finding and affording a supervised exercise program tailored for cancer patients. One of the ideal solutions to increase physical activity and exercise participation is the development and providence of home-based exercise programs. There are limited information on feasibility and efficacy of a home-based mixed aerobic and resistance exercise program for colorectal cancer survivors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of the 6-week home-based exercise program with regard to physical activity level and physical fitness in stage II to III colorectal cancer survivors.
Materials and methods
Setting and participants
The participants were 72 colorectal cancer survivors who were recruited from Yonsei Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, February to December 2012. Eligibility criteria were as follows: age between 18 and 75 years, histologically confirmed stage II to III colorectal cancer with completed surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy within 4 weeks to 2 years prior to study enrollment, and ability to understand and provide written informed consent in Korean. Exclusion criteria were as follows: existing evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease, history of ostomy, pregnant or planned to become pregnant within 6 months, and current participation in >200 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per week.
Design and procedure
This pilot study was a 2-armed, randomized and controlled trial comparing an exercise group and a usual care group. Interested participants were screened by telephone for eligibility. Participants were randomly assigned to the exercise or usual care group by a biostatistician using the Research Randomizer website program (https://www.randomizer.org) in a 1:1 ratio with block randomization based on gender. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Severance Hospital, and all participants provided the written informed consent.
The focus of the intervention was to increase participants’ level of exercise to more than 18 metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours per week over 6 weeks. This amount of exercise equates to approximately 6 hours per week at a moderate intensity walk. Participants in the exercise group were prescribed with a home-based exercise program with an exercise diary and pedometer. Brisk walking, hiking and stationary bike riding were recommended for aerobic exercise. In addition, patients were provided with videos that contained two 30 minutes resistance exercise programs using their own bodyweight of different intensities that could be performed daily at home. For mild intensity exercise, participants performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of 7 core & resistance exercises and for moderate intensity exercise, participants performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of 5 combined aerobic & resistance exercises. This home-based exercise program was developed based on the survey results of 431 colorectal cancer survivors [15, 16]. Participants in the exercise group had three clinic visits at baseline, at 1st week and at 6th week while participant in the control group had two clinic visits (at baseline and at 6th week). During the counseling session (at baseline and at 1st week), participants learned about benefits of exercise for colorectal cancer patients as well as how to perform exercise correctly and follow the home-based exercise program. In order to increase compliance, a text message was sent to each participant daily. The text message includes a question that participants were required to answer using 1 of the 3 following options: (1) Yes, I have completed my daily exercise, (2) No, I have not completed my daily exercise, but I will, or (3) No, I have not completed my daily exercise, and I am not be able to complete it today. Participants with response rate of 50% to the text message were followed up with telephone counseling.
Participants in the usual care group were instructed to continue with their usual activities. At the end of the study, the usual care group was provided with exercise videos, a pedometer, and exercise program.
Primary outcome measurement (Physical activity): Level of physical activity was assessed by using the validated Leisure Score Index from the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire . Participants were asked to recall their average weekly frequency and duration of mild-, moderate-, and strenuous-intensity exercise that lasted at least 10 minutes and was done during their free time in the past week . The totals for each intensity were calculated, along with total exercise time per week and MET hours per week (strenuous, 6 MET hours; moderate, 4 MET hours; mild, 3 MET hours).
Secondary outcome measurements (Physical fitness and body composition): Physical fitness was evaluated by using the Tecumseh step test, the 6-minute walk test, the 30-second chair-to-standing test, and the push-up test. During the step test, participants were asked to step up and down on a 20.3-cm-high bench for 3 minutes at a rate of 24 steps per minute, as controlled by a metronome. Immediately following the 3 minutes of exercise, participants rested for 1 minute in a sitting position. Participants’ heart rate was recorded after 1 minute of rest. For the 6-minute walk test, participants were asked to walk for a total of 6-minutes and to cover as much distance as possible. After 6 minutes, the total walking distance was recorded. For the 30-second chair-to-standing test, participants were asked to sit and rise with fully sitting and standing positions without using the arms for support as many times as possible in 30 seconds. For the push-up test, male participants were asked to maintain their body and legs in a straight line, their feet slightly apart, and their arms shoulder width apart, extended, and at a right angle to the body. Female participants performed bent-knee push-ups, which begin with the hands and knees touching the floor with the body and legs in a straight line and with the feet raised in the air. Keeping the back and knees straight, participants lowered their body until there was a 90° angle at the elbows and then returned back to the starting position with the arms extended. This motion was repeated until the participant could no longer perform push-ups in rhythm.
Body composition including percent body fat was measured by bio-impedance device, In-body 720 (Biospace, Seoul, Korea). BMI was calculated as weight divided by height squared. WC was measured at the midpoint between the lower border of the rib cage and the iliac crest using a plastic tape measure. All these measurements were measured at baseline and after six week of exercise intervention.
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). Baseline comparisons were performed by using the independent-samples Student’s t test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Study endpoints were analyzed by using the ANCOVA to compare changes in means between groups from baseline and 6 weeks, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, completed university, location of tumor, tumor stage, and cancer treatment according to intention-to-treat principles using the last-observation-carried-forward method. All analyses were tested with a significance level of p < 0.05.
The flow of participants through the study is provided in Fig 1. In brief, 166 colorectal cancer survivors were assessed for eligibility; 138 (83.1%) were eligible, and 72 (52.2%) were randomly assigned to the exercise (n = 38) or usual care (n = 34) groups. During the intervention period, 8 participants (21.1%) in the exercise group and 7 (20.6%) in the usual care group dropped out. Overall, 57 of 72 participants completed the trial (79.2%). No adverse effects related to the intervention occurred.
Table 1 shows the baseline demographics and medical profile of participants overall and by group assignment. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. The average age was 56.3 ± 9.4 years, 48.6% were male, and 63.9% had been diagnosed with colon cancer. Ninety-three percent of participants had undergone either chemotherapy or both chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Physical activity level
At baseline, no strenuous-intensity exercise participation was reported in both the exercise and control groups. However, after the 6-week intervention, 20.1 minutes was reported in the exercise group, while only 6 minutes was reported in the control group; the difference was not significant. Moderate-intensity exercise significantly increased from 108.8 ± 196.6 minutes at baseline to 378.2 ± 297.6 minutes after the intervention in the exercise group (vs. usual care group, p < 0.001). A total of 26 out of 31 participants (84%) who completed the trial submitted an exercise journal. According to exercise journal analysis, participants in the exercise group walked an average of 11,079 ± 3,540.9 steps per day during the intervention and completed the 30-minute resistance exercises using their own body weight on an average of 5.13 ± 1.85 days per week.
Physical fitness and body composition
Table 2 presents physical fitness and body composition at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. Participants in the exercise group demonstrated significant improvement in the step test (exercise group, -3.9 vs. usual care group, 2.6; p = 0.012) and push-up test (exercise group, 3.0 vs. usual care group, -1.2; p = 0.012). No significant difference between groups was observed for changes in the 6-minute walk test (p = 0.754), but there was a trend toward a change in chair-to-standing repetitions (exercise group, 0.2 vs. usual care group, -2.2; p = 0.137). No significant differences were observed in body weight, BMI, WC, and body fat percentage between groups.
The present study examined the feasibility and efficacy of the 6-week home-based exercise program for colorectal cancer survivors. It was hypothesized that the program would significantly increase physical activity level and physical fitness in such patients. As hypothesized, our home-based exercise program significantly increased physical activity levels and significantly improved physical fitness. The fact that the exercise intervention was home based without supervision and that a significant improvement in physical activity level and physical fitness was seen within only 6 weeks is very intriguing.
The goal of the exercise program was to increase physical activity level to 18 MET hours per week over 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, moderate physical activity increased significantly by 269.4 ± 260.6 minutes per week in the exercise group (vs. usual care group, p < 0.001). In addition, 73.5% of patients in the exercise group met the exercise goal of ≥18 MET hours per week. The strategy to increase physical activity included an education session that highlighted the importance of physical activity for prevention of cancer recurrence, providence of a daily exercise diary and pedometer, as well as daily text message reminders. It is difficult to distinguish which part of the strategy in particular influenced physical activity behavior, but, collectively, the strategy was successful in promoting physical activity. In a recent study, we identified the importance of oncologists in promoting physical activity among breast and colorectal cancer survivors . In that study, participants who received only oncologists’ exercise recommendations insufficiently increased their physical activity participation, whereas those who received oncologists’ exercise recommendations as well as physical activity education, an exercise journal, and pedometer increased their weekly physical activity participation by an average of 87 minutes. Interestingly, the previous and current studies used very similar home-based exercise interventions, except for the additional daily text message and weekly phone call reminders used in the current study.
Increase in physical activity was accompanied by an improvement in physical fitness and upper body strength. Because our home-based exercise program incorporated a video that included push-up exercise, it is not surprising to observe a significant improvement in upper body strength. The significant increase in number of push-ups performed showed that participants complied with the given exercise program. We also observed significant improvement in physical fitness measured by using the Tecumseh step test. The Tecumseh step test monitors heart rate after 3 minutes of stepping exercise (24 steps per minute) and 1 minute of recovery, and it has been validated to be associated with physical function, visceral fat mass [20, 21], and prevalence of metabolic syndrome . However, we did not observe improvement in the 6-minute walk test, which is more frequently used in cancer survivors . Although both tests can be used to measure physical function and as surrogate measures for cardiopulmonary fitness sometimes, the one important difference between these two tests is the participant’s personal will and endeavor. While the result of the step test (heart rate recovery) is not influenced by personal effort, the result of the 6-minute walk test can be influenced by personal effort. Considering this factor, the result of the step test may reflect physical function much better by independent personal effort or will.
Both physical activity level and physical fitness are closely related to colorectal cancer specific–mortality and all-cause mortality. A recent meta-analysis including 6,348 patients reported that physical activity of any amount reduced colorectal cancer–specific mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.95) and all-cause mortality (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.92) . Furthermore, there is sufficient evidence showing that cardiopulmonary fitness is associated with prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Therefore, increasing physical activity participation and subsequent improvement in physical fitness are important for better prognosis in cancer survivors. Most previous studies have used a supervised exercise intervention when investigating the effect of exercise on cancer-related outcomes. However, supervised exercise interventions can be costly, and many cancer survivors live far from relevant exercise facilities. Therefore, the home-based exercise program used in the current study sheds light on the importance of accessible exercise interventions to increase physical activity level and physical fitness in cancer survivors. Furthermore, we recently reported that 12 week of a home-based exercise program, the same exercise protocol used in the current study, not only increased physical activity and improved physical function, but also significantly reduced circulating insulin levels in colorectal cancer survivors . Knowing that circulating insulin level is associated with prognosis of colorectal cancer , exercise induced reduction in circulating insulin level is a beneficial change observed in colorectal cancer survivors.
The current study had several limitations. First, we did not measure maximal oxygen consumption, which is the gold standard for maximal aerobic capacity. Instead, we used the Tecumseh step test and the 6-minute walk test, both of which can be used as surrogate measures for cardiopulmonary fitness. However, caution is required when interpreting the data because these tests better reflect physical function. Second, the sample size was small and since there was no follow-up data, it is not clear about long-term implications and whether these results would be maintained. Therefore, it should be careful in generalizing the result of the study. Thus, further research is required with large sample size and follow-up period. Lastly, although dietary intake is one of important prognostic factors for colorectal cancer survivors, we have not analyzed dietary intake of our participants. However, our main and secondary outcome measures were physical activity and physical fitness, respectively, and therefore, dietary intake would not have influenced our main and secondary outcome variables.
In conclusion, the 6-week home-based mixed aerobic and resistance exercise program significantly improved physical activity level and physical fitness in stage II to III colorectal cancer survivors.
This research was supported by the National R&D program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (1631020) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015S1A5B8036349). The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analyses, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
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