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JUDD HIRSCH TO REUNITE WITH ROB MORROW ON ABC’S “THE WHOLE TRUTH” Judd Hirsch will reunite with Rob Morrow, his son from “Numb3rs,” when he guest stars on “The Whole Truth” (airdate TBD in October). Hirsch will play Judge Ruben Wright, a distinguished and well-respected jurist who is accused of corruption and murder. He asks […]
Entries Tagged as 'Numb3rs'
August 25th, 2010 · No Comments
March 16th, 2010 · No Comments
David Krumholtz & Navi Rawat of Numb3rs join Chris Harrison in the Hollywood 411 studio to talk about their upcoming wedding on the show. The season finale will feature the couple getting hitched in a small ceremony, and Navi confirms that it’s a wedding their characters would want. David is also planning his own wedding. […]
March 12th, 2010 · No Comments
AFTER CHARLIE AND AMITA GET MARRIED, THE TEAM TURNS ITS ATTENTION TO TRACKING DOWN DON’S GUN AFTER IT GOES MISSING, ON THE SIXTH SEASON FINALE OF “NUMB3RS,” FRIDAY, MARCH 12 “Cause and Effect” – After Charlie and Amita get married and begin preparations for their London adventure, they put a slight hold on their wedded […]
March 5th, 2010 · No Comments
DON AND THE TEAM INVESTIGATE THE MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF TWO MEN WHO WERE PART OF A GROUP OF FRIENDS THAT HAD BEEN SEXUALLY ABUSED AS CHILDREN BY ONE OF THEIR TEACHERS, ON “NUMB3RS,” FRIDAY, MARCH 5 Series Star Rob Morrow Directed the Episode Guest Stars Include Moira Kelly (“One Tree Hill,” “The West Wing”) as […]
February 5th, 2010 · No Comments
DON AND THE TEAM ARE PUT IN THE LIMELIGHT WHEN THEY SEARCH FOR JEWELS THAT GO MISSING DURING AN AWARDS BROADCAST, AND LARRY RETURNS FROM HIS ADVENTURE, ON “NUMB3RS,” FRIDAY, FEB. 5 Guest Stars Include Marilu Henner (“Evening Shade,” “Taxi”) as Actress Regina Landers; William Katt (“The Greatest American Hero”) as Action Star Sven Regal; […]
January 29th, 2010 · No Comments
DON AND THE TEAM SEARCH FOR A SERIAL KILLER WHO IS TARGETING MEN THAT HIRE PROSTITUTES, ON “NUMB3RS,” FRIDAY, JAN. 29 Tony Hale (“Arrested Development,” “Chuck”) Reprises His Role as Eccentric Biotech Professor Russell Lazlo Guest Stars Include Clea DuVall (“Heroes,” “Carnivàle”) as Melanie Bailey, the Sister of a Murdered Prostitute, and Anna Camp (“True […]
January 27th, 2010 · No Comments
The team searches for a serial killer who targets men who solicit prostitutes on the next episode of Numb3rs.
January 15th, 2010 · No Comments
DON AND THE TEAM SEARCH FOR A MISSING SHIPMENT OF DEADLY FIREARMS WHEN ONE OF THE WEAPONS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RANDOM MURDERS ACROSS THE CITY, ON “NUMB3RS,” FRIDAY, JAN. 15 Guest Stars Include James Remar (“Dexter,” “Sex and the City”) As Weapons Dealer; Randall Priest, and Jon Seda (“Close to Home,” “Homicide: Life on the […]
January 11th, 2010 · No Comments
A lost shipment of high-caliber firearms links to murders across the city on the next episode of Numb3rs.
January 8th, 2010 · No Comments
DON AND THE TEAM HOPE THEY HIT THE JACKPOT WHEN THEY INVESTIGATE THE THEFT OF SCRATCH-OFF LOTTERY TICKETS, ON “NUMB3RS,” FRIDAY, JAN. 8 Guest Stars Include Michael O’Neill (“Transformers,” “The West Wing”) as California Lottery Security Supervisor Boyd Keene; Nicole Sullivan (“Rita Rocks,” “MADtv”) as Eccentric Lottery Agent Nancy Hackett; and Allison Smith (“The West […]

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Inaccuracies in intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status result in suboptimal outcome of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Optical imaging, in particular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, might reduce the frequency of positive surgical margins following BCS by providing the surgeon with a tool for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization in real-time. In the current study, the potential of NIRF-guided BCS is evaluated using tissue-simulating breast phantoms for reasons of standardization and training purposes.
Breast phantoms with optical characteristics comparable to those of normal breast tissue were used to simulate breast conserving surgery. Tumor-simulating inclusions containing the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) were incorporated in the phantoms at predefined locations and imaged for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization, real-time NIRF-guided tumor resection, NIRF-guided evaluation on the extent of surgery, and postoperative assessment of surgical margins. A customized NIRF camera was used as a clinical prototype for imaging purposes.
Breast phantoms containing tumor-simulating inclusions offer a simple, inexpensive, and versatile tool to simulate and evaluate intraoperative tumor imaging. The gelatinous phantoms have elastic properties similar to human tissue and can be cut using conventional surgical instruments. Moreover, the phantoms contain hemoglobin and intralipid for mimicking absorption and scattering of photons, respectively, creating uniform optical properties similar to human breast tissue. The main drawback of NIRF imaging is the limited penetration depth of photons when propagating through tissue, which hinders (noninvasive) imaging of deep-seated tumors with epi-illumination strategies.
19 Related JoVE Articles!
Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
Institutions: University Medical Center Groningen, Technical University Munich, University Medical Center Groningen.
The prognosis in virtually all solid tumors depends on the presence or absence of lymph node metastases.1-3
Surgical treatment most often combines radical excision of the tumor with a full lymphadenectomy in the drainage area of the tumor. However, removal of lymph nodes is associated with increased morbidity due to infection, wound breakdown and lymphedema.4,5
As an alternative, the sentinel lymph node procedure (SLN) was developed several decades ago to detect the first draining lymph node from the tumor.6
In case of lymphogenic dissemination, the SLN is the first lymph node that is affected (Figure 1). Hence, if the SLN does not contain metastases, downstream lymph nodes will also be free from tumor metastases and need not to be removed. The SLN procedure is part of the treatment for many tumor types, like breast cancer and melanoma, but also for cancer of the vulva and cervix.7
The current standard methodology for SLN-detection is by peritumoral injection of radiocolloid one day prior to surgery, and a colored dye intraoperatively. Disadvantages of the procedure in cervical and vulvar cancer are multiple injections in the genital area, leading to increased psychological distress for the patient, and the use of radioactive colloid.
Multispectral fluorescence imaging is an emerging imaging modality that can be applied intraoperatively without the need for injection of radiocolloid. For intraoperative fluorescence imaging, two components are needed: a fluorescent agent and a quantitative optical system for intraoperative imaging. As a fluorophore we have used indocyanine green (ICG). ICG has been used for many decades to assess cardiac function, cerebral perfusion and liver perfusion.8
It is an inert drug with a safe pharmaco-biological profile. When excited at around 750 nm, it emits light in the near-infrared spectrum around 800 nm. A custom-made multispectral fluorescence imaging camera system was used.9
The aim of this video article is to demonstrate the detection of the SLN using intraoperative fluorescence imaging in patients with cervical and vulvar cancer. Fluorescence imaging is used in conjunction with the standard procedure, consisting of radiocolloid and a blue dye. In the future, intraoperative fluorescence imaging might replace the current method and is also easily transferable to other indications like breast cancer and melanoma.
Medicine, Issue 44, Image-guided surgery, multispectral fluorescence, sentinel lymph node, gynecologic oncology
Non-invasive Optical Imaging of the Lymphatic Vasculature of a Mouse
Institutions: University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston.
The lymphatic vascular system is an important component of the circulatory system that maintains fluid homeostasis, provides immune surveillance, and mediates fat absorption in the gut. Yet despite its critical function, there is comparatively little understanding of how the lymphatic system adapts to serve these functions in health and disease1
. Recently, we have demonstrated the ability to dynamically image lymphatic architecture and lymph "pumping" action in normal human subjects as well as in persons suffering lymphatic dysfunction using trace administration of a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye and a custom, Gen III-intensified imaging system2-4
. NIRF imaging showed dramatic changes in lymphatic architecture and function with human disease. It remains unclear how these changes occur and new animal models are being developed to elucidate their genetic and molecular basis. In this protocol, we present NIRF lymphatic, small animal imaging5,6
using indocyanine green (ICG), a dye that has been used for 50 years in humans7
, and a NIRF dye-labeled cyclic albumin binding domain (cABD-IRDye800) peptide that preferentially binds mouse and human albumin8
. Approximately 5.5 times brighter than ICG, cABD-IRDye800 has a similar lymphatic clearance profile and can be injected in smaller doses than ICG to achieve sufficient NIRF signals for imaging8
. Because both cABD-IRDye800 and ICG bind to albumin in the interstitial space8
, they both may depict active protein transport into and within the lymphatics. Intradermal (ID) injections (5-50 μl) of ICG (645 μM) or cABD-IRDye800 (200 μM) in saline are administered to the dorsal aspect of each hind paw and/or the left and right side of the base of the tail of an isoflurane-anesthetized mouse. The resulting dye concentration in the animal is 83-1,250 μg/kg for ICG or 113-1,700 μg/kg for cABD-IRDye800. Immediately following injections, functional lymphatic imaging is conducted for up to 1 hr using a customized, small animal NIRF imaging system. Whole animal spatial resolution can depict fluorescent lymphatic vessels of 100 microns or less, and images of structures up to 3 cm in depth can be acquired9
. Images are acquired using V++ software and analyzed using ImageJ or MATLAB software. During analysis, consecutive regions of interest (ROIs) encompassing the entire vessel diameter are drawn along a given lymph vessel. The dimensions for each ROI are kept constant for a given vessel and NIRF intensity is measured for each ROI to quantitatively assess "packets" of lymph moving through vessels.
Immunology, Issue 73, Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Molecular Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Cancer Biology, Optical imaging, lymphatic imaging, mouse imaging, non-invasive imaging, near-infrared fluorescence, vasculature, circulatory system, lymphatic system, lymph, dermis, injection, imaging, mouse, animal model
Labeling Stem Cells with Fluorescent Dyes for non-invasive Detection with Optical Imaging
Institutions: Contrast Agent Research Group at the Center for Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco.
Optical imaging (OI) is an easy, fast and inexpensive tool for in vivo monitoring of new stem cell based therapies. The technique is based on ex vivo labeling of stem cells with a fluorescent dye, subsequent intravenous injection of the labeled cells and visualization of their accumulation in specific target organs or pathologies. The presented technique demonstrates how we label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) by simple incubation with the lipophilic fluorescent dye DiD (C67H103CIN2O3S) and how we label human embryonic stem cells (hESC) with the FDA approved fluorescent dye Indocyanine Green (ICG). The uptake mechanism is via adherence and diffusion of the lypophilic dye across the phospholipid cell membrane bilayer. The labeling efficiency is usually improved if the cells are incubated with the dye in serum-free media as opposed to incubation in serum-containing media. Furthermore, the addition of the transfection agent Protamine Sulfate significantly improves contrast agent uptake.
Cell Biology, Issue 14, stem cells, mesenchymal cells, contrast agent, optical imaging, cell tracking,
A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies
Institutions: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, University of Tabuk, Ottawa General Hospital.
Surgical resection is an essential treatment for most cancer patients, but surgery induces dysfunction in the immune system and this has been linked to the development of metastatic disease in animal models and in cancer patients. Preclinical work from our group and others has demonstrated a profound suppression of innate immune function, specifically NK cells in the postoperative period and this plays a major role in the enhanced development of metastases following surgery. Relatively few animal studies and clinical trials have focused on characterizing and reversing the detrimental effects of cancer surgery. Using a rigorous animal model of spontaneously metastasizing tumors and surgical stress, the enhancement of cancer surgery on the development of lung metastases was demonstrated. In this model, 4T1 breast cancer cells are implanted in the mouse mammary fat pad. At day 14 post tumor implantation, a complete resection of the primary mammary tumor is performed in all animals. A subset of animals receives additional surgical stress in the form of an abdominal nephrectomy. At day 28, lung tumor nodules are quantified. When immunotherapy was given immediately preoperatively, a profound activation of immune cells which prevented the development of metastases following surgery was detected. While the 4T1 breast tumor surgery model allows for the simulation of the effects of abdominal surgical stress on tumor metastases, its applicability to other tumor types needs to be tested. The current challenge is to identify safe and promising immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models and to translate them into viable perioperative therapies to be given to cancer surgery patients to prevent the recurrence of metastatic disease.
Medicine, Issue 85, mouse, tumor model, surgical stress, immunosuppression, perioperative immunotherapy, metastases
Murine Model for Non-invasive Imaging to Detect and Monitor Ovarian Cancer Recurrence
Institutions: Yale University School of Medicine, NatureMost Laboratories, Bruker Preclinical Imaging.
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Although patients initially respond to the current standard of care consisting of surgical debulking and combination chemotherapy consisting of platinum and taxane compounds, almost 90% of patients recur within a few years. In these patients the development of chemoresistant disease limits the efficacy of currently available chemotherapy agents and therefore contributes to the high mortality. To discover novel therapy options that can target recurrent disease, appropriate animal models that closely mimic the clinical profile of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are required. The challenge in monitoring intra-peritoneal (i.p.) disease limits the use of i.p. models and thus most xenografts are established subcutaneously. We have developed a sensitive optical imaging platform that allows the detection and anatomical location of i.p. tumor mass. The platform includes the use of optical reporters that extend from the visible light range to near infrared, which in combination with 2-dimensional X-ray co-registration can provide anatomical location of molecular signals. Detection is significantly improved by the use of a rotation system that drives the animal to multiple angular positions for 360 degree imaging, allowing the identification of tumors that are not visible in single orientation. This platform provides a unique model to non-invasively monitor tumor growth and evaluate the efficacy of new therapies for the prevention or treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.
Cancer Biology, Issue 93, ovarian cancer, recurrence, in vivo imaging, tumor burden, cancer stem cells, chemotherapy
Universal Hand-held Three-dimensional Optoacoustic Imaging Probe for Deep Tissue Human Angiography and Functional Preclinical Studies in Real Time
Institutions: Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technische Universität München.
The exclusive combination of high optical contrast and excellent spatial resolution makes optoacoustics (photoacoustics) ideal for simultaneously attaining anatomical, functional and molecular contrast in deep optically opaque tissues. While enormous potential has been recently demonstrated in the application of optoacoustics for small animal research, vast efforts have also been undertaken in translating this imaging technology into clinical practice. We present here a newly developed optoacoustic tomography approach capable of delivering high resolution and spectrally enriched volumetric images of tissue morphology and function in real time. A detailed description of the experimental protocol for operating with the imaging system in both hand-held and stationary modes is provided and showcased for different potential scenarios involving functional and molecular studies in murine models and humans. The possibility for real time visualization in three dimensions along with the versatile handheld design of the imaging probe make the newly developed approach unique among the pantheon of imaging modalities used in today’s preclinical research and clinical practice.
Physiology, Issue 93, Optoacoustic tomography, photoacoustic imaging, hand-held probe, volumetric imaging, real-time tomography, five dimensional imaging, clinical imaging, functional imaging, molecular imaging, preclinical research
Fluorescence-quenching of a Liposomal-encapsulated Near-infrared Fluorophore as a Tool for In Vivo Optical Imaging
Institutions: Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena University Hospital.
Optical imaging offers a wide range of diagnostic modalities and has attracted a lot of interest as a tool for biomedical imaging. Despite the enormous number of imaging techniques currently available and the progress in instrumentation, there is still a need for highly sensitive probes that are suitable for in vivo
imaging. One typical problem of available preclinical fluorescent probes is their rapid clearance in vivo
, which reduces their imaging sensitivity. To circumvent rapid clearance, increase number of dye molecules at the target site, and thereby reduce background autofluorescence, encapsulation of the near-infrared fluorescent dye, DY-676-COOH in liposomes and verification of its potential for in vivo
imaging of inflammation was done. DY-676 is known for its ability to self-quench at high concentrations. We first determined the concentration suitable for self-quenching, and then encapsulated this quenching concentration into the aqueous interior of PEGylated liposomes. To substantiate the quenching and activation potential of the liposomes we use a harsh freezing method which leads to damage of liposomal membranes without affecting the encapsulated dye. The liposomes characterized by a high level of fluorescence quenching were termed Lip-Q. We show by experiments with different cell lines that uptake of Lip-Q is predominantly by phagocytosis which in turn enabled the characterization of its potential as a tool for in vivo
imaging of inflammation in mice models. Furthermore, we use a zymosan-induced edema model in mice to substantiate the potential of Lip-Q in optical imaging of inflammation in vivo
. Considering possible uptake due to inflammation-induced enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, an always-on liposome formulation with low, non-quenched concentration of DY-676-COOH (termed Lip-dQ) and the free DY-676-COOH were compared with Lip-Q in animal trials.
Bioengineering, Issue 95, Drug-delivery, Liposomes, Fluorochromes, Fluorescence-quenching, Optical imaging, Inflammation
Evaluation of Stem Cell Properties in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Using Multi and Single Cell-based Spheres Assays
Institutions: University Hospital Basel, University Hospital Tübingen.
Years of research indicates that ovarian cancers harbor a heterogeneous mixture of cells including a subpopulation of so-called “cancer stem cells” (CSCs) responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and relapse following conventional chemotherapies. Identification of ovarian CSCs is therefore an important goal. A commonly used method to assess CSC potential in vitro
is the spheres assay in which cells are plated under non-adherent culture conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors and sphere formation is scored after a few days. Here, we review currently available protocols for human ovarian cancer spheres assays and perform a side-by-side analysis between commonly used multi cell-based assays and a more accurate system based on single cell plating. Our results indicate that both multi cell-based as well as single cell-based spheres assays can be used to investigate sphere formation in vitro
. The more laborious and expensive single cell-based assays are more suitable for functional assessment of individual cells and lead to overall more accurate results while multi cell-based assays can be strongly influenced by the density of plated cells and require titration experiments upfront. Methylcellulose supplementation to multi cell-based assays can be effectively used to reduce mechanical artifacts.
Medicine, Issue 95, Cancer stem cells, spheres assay, ovarian, single cell, SOX2, in vitro assay, ovarian carcinoma
In vitro Enrichment of Ovarian Cancer Tumor-initiating Cells
Institutions: National Cancer Institute.
Evidence suggests that small subpopulations of tumor cells maintain a unique self-renewing and differentiation capacity and may be responsible for tumor initiation and/or relapse. Clarifying the mechanisms by which these tumor-initiating cells (TICs) support tumor formation and progression could lead to the development of clinically favorable therapies. Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous and highly recurrent disease. Recent studies suggest TICs may play an important role in disease biology. We have identified culture conditions that enrich for TICs from ovarian cancer cell lines. Growing either adherent cells or non-adherent ‘floater’ cells in a low attachment plate with serum free media in the presence of growth factors supports the propagation of ovarian cancer TICs with stem cell markers (CD133 and ALDH activity) and increased tumorigenicity without the need to physically separate the TICs from other cell types within the culture. Although the presence of floater cells is not common for all cell lines, this population of cells with innate low adherence may have high tumorigenic potential.Compared to adherent cells grown in the presence of serum, TICs readily form spheres, are significantly more tumorigenic in mice, and express putative stem cell markers. The conditions are easy to establish in a timely manner and can be used to study signaling pathways important for maintaining stem characteristics, and to identify drugs or combinations of drugs targeting TICs. The culture conditions described herein are applicable for a variety of ovarian cancer cells of epithelial origin and will be critical in providing new information about the role of TICs in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse.
Medicine, Issue 96, Ovarian cancer, tumor-initiating cells, cancer stem cell, tumorigenicity, spheroid, mouse, gynecological cancer
Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications
Institutions: London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University.
The majority of cancer-related deaths occur subsequent to the development of metastatic disease. This highly lethal disease stage is associated with the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These rare cells have been demonstrated to be of clinical significance in metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. The current gold standard in clinical CTC detection and enumeration is the FDA-cleared CellSearch system (CSS). This manuscript outlines the standard protocol utilized by this platform as well as two additional adapted protocols that describe the detailed process of user-defined marker optimization for protein characterization of patient CTCs and a comparable protocol for CTC capture in very low volumes of blood, using standard CSS reagents, for studying in vivo
preclinical mouse models of metastasis. In addition, differences in CTC quality between healthy donor blood spiked with cells from tissue culture versus patient blood samples are highlighted. Finally, several commonly discrepant items that can lead to CTC misclassification errors are outlined. Taken together, these protocols will provide a useful resource for users of this platform interested in preclinical and clinical research pertaining to metastasis and CTCs.
Medicine, Issue 84, Metastasis, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), CellSearch system, user defined marker characterization, in vivo, preclinical mouse model, clinical research
Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI
Institutions: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Breast cancer brain metastasis, occurring in 30% of breast cancer patients at stage IV, is associated with high mortality. The median survival is only 6 months. It is critical to have suitable animal models to mimic the hemodynamic spread of the metastatic cells in the clinical scenario. Here, we are introducing the use of small animal ultrasound imaging to guide an accurate injection of brain tropical breast cancer cells into the left ventricle of athymic nude mice. Longitudinal MRI is used to assessing intracranial initiation and growth of brain metastases. Ultrasound-guided intracardiac injection ensures not only an accurate injection and hereby a higher successful rate but also significantly decreased mortality rate, as compared to our previous manual procedure. In vivo
high resolution MRI allows the visualization of hyperintense multifocal lesions, as small as 310 µm in diameter on T2
-weighted images at 3 weeks post injection. Follow-up MRI reveals intracranial tumor growth and increased number of metastases that distribute throughout the whole brain.
Medicine, Issue 85, breast cancer brain metastasis, intracardiac injection, ultrasound imaging, MRI, MDA-MB231/Br-GFP cells
Detecting Abnormalities in Choroidal Vasculature in a Mouse Model of Age-related Macular Degeneration by Time-course Indocyanine Green Angiography
Institutions: University of Utah Health Sciences Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center.
Indocyanine Green Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal vasculature of various eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ICGA is especially useful to image the posterior choroidal vasculature of the eye due to its capability of penetrating through the pigmented layer with its infrared spectrum. ICGA time course can be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The three phases provide valuable information on the pathology of eye problems. Although time-course ICGA by intravenous (IV) injection is widely used in the clinic for the diagnosis and management of choroid problems, ICGA by intraperitoneal injection (IP) is commonly used in animal research. Here we demonstrated the technique to obtain high-resolution ICGA time-course images in mice by tail-vein injection and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. We used this technique to image the choroidal lesions in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Although it is much easier to introduce ICG to the mouse vasculature by IP, our data indicate that it is difficult to obtain reproducible ICGA time course images by IP-ICGA. In contrast, ICGA via tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time-course images comparable to human studies. In addition, we showed that ICGA performed on albino mice gives clearer pictures of choroidal vessels than that performed on pigmented mice. We suggest that time-course IV-ICGA should become a standard practice in AMD research based on animal models.
Medicine, Issue 84, Indocyanine Green Angiography, ICGA, choroid vasculature, age-related macular degeneration, AMD, Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, PCV, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, IV-ICGA, time-course ICGA, tail-vein injection
Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns
Institutions: University of Calgary , University of Calgary .
We demonstrate methods for the detection of architectural distortion in prior mammograms of interval-cancer cases based on analysis of the orientation of breast tissue patterns in mammograms. We hypothesize that architectural distortion modifies the normal orientation of breast tissue patterns in mammographic images before the formation of masses or tumors. In the initial steps of our methods, the oriented structures in a given mammogram are analyzed using Gabor filters and phase portraits to detect node-like sites of radiating or intersecting tissue patterns. Each detected site is then characterized using the node value, fractal dimension, and a measure of angular dispersion specifically designed to represent spiculating patterns associated with architectural distortion.
Our methods were tested with a database of 106 prior mammograms of 56 interval-cancer cases and 52 mammograms of 13 normal cases using the features developed for the characterization of architectural distortion, pattern classification via
quadratic discriminant analysis, and validation with the leave-one-patient out procedure. According to the results of free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis, our methods have demonstrated the capability to detect architectural distortion in prior mammograms, taken 15 months (on the average) before clinical diagnosis of breast cancer, with a sensitivity of 80% at about five false positives per patient.
Medicine, Issue 78, Anatomy, Physiology, Cancer Biology, angular spread, architectural distortion, breast cancer, Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), entropy, fractional Brownian motion, fractal dimension, Gabor filters, Image Processing, Medical Informatics, node map, oriented texture, Pattern Recognition, phase portraits, prior mammograms, spectral analysis
Therapeutic Gene Delivery and Transfection in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells using Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-targeted Gelatin Nanoparticles
Institutions: Northeastern University.
More than 32,000 patients are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the United States per year and the disease is associated with very high mortality 1
. Urgent need exists to develop novel clinically-translatable therapeutic strategies that can improve on the dismal survival statistics of pancreatic cancer patients. Although gene therapy in cancer has shown a tremendous promise, the major challenge is in the development of safe and effective delivery system, which can lead to sustained transgene expression.
Gelatin is one of the most versatile natural biopolymer, widely used in food and pharmaceutical products. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that type B gelatin could physical encapsulate DNA, which preserved the supercoiled structure of the plasmid and improved transfection efficiency upon intracellular delivery. By thiolation of gelatin, the sulfhydryl groups could be introduced into the polymer and would form disulfide bond within nanoparticles, which stabilizes the whole complex and once disulfide bond is broken due to the presence of glutathione in cytosol, payload would be released 2-5
. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified GENS, when administered into the systemic circulation, provides long-circulation times and preferentially targets to the tumor mass due to the hyper-permeability of the neovasculature by the enhanced permeability and retention
. Studies have shown over-expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on Panc-1 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells 7
. In order to actively target pancreatic cancer cell line, EGFR specific peptide was conjugated on the particle surface through a PEG spacer.8
Most anti-tumor gene therapies are focused on administration of the tumor suppressor genes, such as wild-type p53 (wt-p53), to restore the pro-apoptotic function in the cells 9
. The p53 mechanism functions as a critical signaling pathway in cell growth, which regulates apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, metabolism and other processes 10
. In pancreatic cancer, most cells have mutations in p53 protein, causing the loss of apoptotic activity. With the introduction of wt-p53, the apoptosis could be repaired and further triggers cell death in cancer cells 11
Based on the above rationale, we have designed EGFR targeting peptide-modified thiolated gelatin nanoparticles for wt-p53 gene delivery and evaluated delivery efficiency and transfection in Panc-1 cells.
Bioengineering, Issue 59, Gelatin Nanoparticle, Gene Therapy, Targeted Delivery, Pancreatic Cancer, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, EGFR
Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging
Institutions: Caliper Life Sciences.
Following intracardiac delivery of MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H2LN cells to Nu/Nu mice, systemic metastases developed in the injected animals. Bioluminescence imaging using IVIS Spectrum was employed to monitor the distribution and development of the tumor cells following the delivery procedure including DLIT reconstruction to measure the tumor signal and its location.
Development of metastatic lesions to the bone tissues triggers osteolytic activity and lesions to tibia and femur were evaluated longitudinally using micro CT. Imaging was performed using a Quantum FX micro CT system with fast imaging and low X-ray dose. The low radiation dose allows multiple imaging sessions to be performed with a cumulative X-ray dosage far below LD50. A mouse imaging shuttle device was used to sequentially image the mice with both IVIS Spectrum and Quantum FX achieving accurate animal positioning in both the bioluminescence and CT images. The optical and CT data sets were co-registered in 3-dimentions using the Living Image 4.1 software. This multi-mode approach allows close monitoring of tumor growth and development simultaneously with osteolytic activity.
Medicine, Issue 50, osteolytic lesions, micro CT, tumor, bioluminescence, in vivo, imaging, IVIS, luciferase, low dose, co-registration, 3D reconstruction
Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging
Institutions: The Johns Hopkins University.
In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death 1
. To date, the only effective treatment for melanoma remains surgical excision, therefore, the key to extended survival is early detection 2,3
. Considering the large numbers of patients diagnosed every year and the limitations in accessing specialized care quickly, the development of objective in vivo
diagnostic instruments to aid the diagnosis is essential. New techniques to detect skin cancer, especially non-invasive diagnostic tools, are being explored in numerous laboratories. Along with the surgical methods, techniques such as digital photography, dermoscopy, multispectral imaging systems (MelaFind), laser-based systems (confocal scanning laser microscopy, laser doppler perfusion imaging, optical coherence tomography), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, are being tested. Each technique offers unique advantages and disadvantages, many of which pose a compromise between effectiveness and accuracy versus ease of use and cost considerations. Details about these techniques and comparisons are available in the literature 4
Infrared (IR) imaging was shown to be a useful method to diagnose the signs of certain diseases by measuring the local skin temperature. There is a large body of evidence showing that disease or deviation from normal functioning are accompanied by changes of the temperature of the body, which again affect the temperature of the skin 5,6
. Accurate data about the temperature of the human body and skin can provide a wealth of information on the processes responsible for heat generation and thermoregulation, in particular the deviation from normal conditions, often caused by disease. However, IR imaging has not been widely recognized in medicine due to the premature use of the technology 7,8
several decades ago, when temperature measurement accuracy and the spatial resolution were inadequate and sophisticated image processing tools were unavailable. This situation changed dramatically in the late 1990s-2000s. Advances in IR instrumentation, implementation of digital image processing algorithms and dynamic IR imaging, which enables scientists to analyze not only the spatial, but also the temporal thermal behavior of the skin 9
, allowed breakthroughs in the field.
In our research, we explore the feasibility of IR imaging, combined with theoretical and experimental studies, as a cost effective, non-invasive, in vivo optical measurement technique for tumor detection, with emphasis on the screening and early detection of melanoma 10-13
. In this study, we show data obtained in a patient study in which patients that possess a pigmented lesion with a clinical indication for biopsy are selected for imaging. We compared the difference in thermal responses between healthy and malignant tissue and compared our data with biopsy results. We concluded that the increased metabolic activity of the melanoma lesion can be detected by dynamic infrared imaging.
Medicine, Issue 51, Infrared imaging, quantitative thermal analysis, image processing, skin cancer, melanoma, transient thermal response, skin thermal models, skin phantom experiment, patient study
An Orthotopic Model of Serous Ovarian Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice for in vivo Tumor Imaging and Monitoring of Tumor Immune Responses
Institutions: University of Pennsylvania-School of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center.
Ovarian cancer is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage where the case/fatality ratio is high and thus remains the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies among US women 1,2,3
. Serous tumors are the most widespread forms of ovarian cancer and 4,5
the Tg-MISIIR-TAg transgenic represents the only mouse model that spontaneously develops this type of tumors. Tg-MISIIR-TAg mice express SV40 transforming region under control of the Mullerian Inhibitory Substance type II Receptor (MISIIR) gene promoter 6
. Additional transgenic lines have been identified that express the SV40 TAg transgene, but do not develop ovarian tumors. Non-tumor prone mice exhibit typical lifespan for C57Bl/6 mice and are fertile. These mice can be used as syngeneic allograft recipients for tumor cells isolated from Tg-MISIIR-TAg-DR26 mice.
Although tumor imaging is possible 7
, early detection of deep tumors is challenging in small living animals. To enable preclinical studies in an immunologically intact animal model for serous ovarian cancer, we describe a syngeneic mouse model for this type of ovarian cancer that permits in vivo
imaging, studies of the tumor microenvironment and tumor immune responses.
We first derived a TAg+ mouse cancer cell line (MOV1) from a spontaneous ovarian tumor harvested in a 26 week-old DR26 Tg-MISIIR-TAg female. Then, we stably transduced MOV1 cells with TurboFP635 Lentivirus mammalian vector that encodes Katushka, a far-red mutant of the red fluorescent protein from sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor
with excitation/emission maxima at 588/635 nm 8,9,10
. We orthotopically implanted MOV1Kat
in the ovary 11,12,13,14
of non-tumor prone Tg-MISIIR-TAg female mice. Tumor progression was followed by in vivo
optical imaging and tumor microenvironment was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
Orthotopically implanted MOV1Kat
cells developed serous ovarian tumors. MOV1Kat
tumors could be visualized by in vivo
imaging up to three weeks after implantation (fig. 1) and were infiltrated with leukocytes, as observed in human ovarian cancers 15
We describe an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer suitable for in vivo
imaging of early tumors due to the high pH-stability and photostability of Katushka in deep tissues. We propose the use of this novel syngeneic model of serous ovarian cancer for in vivo
imaging studies and monitoring of tumor immune responses and immunotherapies.
Immunology, Issue 45, Ovarian cancer, syngeneic, orthotopic, katushka (TurboFP635), in vivo imaging, immunocompetent mouse model of ovarian cancer, deep tumors
In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer
Institutions: Women's Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center.
Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models. This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer, treatment of cancer via oral delivery of drugs, and monitoring of tumor cell behavior in response to drug treatment in real time using in vivo
imaging system. In this orthotopic model, ovarian tumor cells expressing luciferase are applied topically by injecting them directly into the mouse bursa where each ovary is enclosed. Upon injection of D-luciferin, a substrate of firefly luciferase, luciferase-expressing cells generate bioluminescence signals. This signal is detected by the in vivo
imaging system and allows for a non-invasive means of monitoring tumor growth, distribution, and regression in individual animals. Drug administration via oral gavage allows for a maximum dosing volume of 10 mL/kg body weight to be delivered directly to the stomach and closely resembles delivery of drugs in clinical treatments. Therefore, techniques described here, development of an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer, oral delivery of drugs, and in vivo
imaging, are useful for better understanding of human ovarian cancer and treatment and will improve targeting this disease.
Cellular Biology, Issue 42, Ovarian cancer, orthotopic mouse model, intrabursal injection, oral gavage, bioluminescence, in vivo imaging
Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy
Institutions: University Medical Center, Hamburg, University Medical Center, Hamburg, University Medical Center, Hamburg, University Medical Center, Hamburg.
This protocol outlines the steps required to perform ex vivo
validation of in vivo
near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) xenograft imaging experiments in mice using fluorophore labelled nanobodies and conventional antibodies.
First we describe how to generate subcutaneous tumors in mice, using antigen-negative cell lines as negative controls and antigen-positive cells as positive controls in the same mice for intraindividual comparison. We outline how to administer intravenously near-infrared fluorophore labelled (AlexaFluor680) antigen-specific nanobodies and conventional antibodies. In vivo
imaging was performed with a small-animal NIRF-Imaging system. After the in vivo
imaging experiments the mice were sacrificed. We then describe how to prepare the tumors for parallel ex vivo
analyses by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to validate in vivo
The use of the near-infrared fluorophore labelled nanobodies allows for non-invasive same day imaging in vivo
. Our protocols describe the ex vivo
quantification of the specific labeling efficiency of tumor cells by flow cytometry and analysis of the distribution of the antibody constructs within the tumors by fluorescence microscopy. Using near-infrared fluorophore labelled probes allows for non-invasive, economical in vivo
imaging with the unique ability to exploit the same probe without further secondary labelling for ex vivo
validation experiments using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
Medicine, Issue 98, Nanobody, antibody, VHH, fluorescence imaging, molecular imaging, xenograft, animal model

domain: literature


There may be one more reason Harry Reid probably won’t pull out all the stops on behalf of Al Franken’s sinking hopes in Minnesota.
Unless Reid gets his way and Illinois’s lieutenant governor appoints a replacement for Obama, there will be a special election early next year. Lt. Gov. Pat Quinn may be purer than Caesar’s wife, but any appointee, after the epic stench coming out of the Blagojevich scandal, is going to be taking office under uncomfortable circumstances. After this, can anyone be 100 percent certain that any appointed senator didn’t get selected because of some secret deal? Sen. Dick Durbin and several other high-profile Illinois Democrats have called for a special election, and that’s probably the “cleanest” way to select Obama’s successor in the Senate. (Will the President-elect weigh in?)
Of course, that means Obama’s seat would remain unoccupied until April 7 or so, leaving the Senate with 99 senators, of whom 41 will be Republicans. If the 59th out of 100 senators wasn’t worth going nuclear over, it’s hard to see how the 59th out of 99 would be worth it, either.


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One of Vermont’s well-known characteristics is its rural nature. A lot of us Vermonters don’t live in the City or in a downtown. Our homes are sometimes 10+ miles from a grocery store and on dirt roads, so it feels like our only option is to take the car. The good news is that things are changing so your commutes are more fun, less expensive, and healthier. Although bikes have been an excellent transportation option for generations, many people need something more accessible...something that takes less effort and goes faster than a conventional bike. That’s where e-bikes come into the picture. But not just any e-bike; one that can handle dirt, snow, mud, and pavement.
I’d like to introduce you to Local Motion’s newest member of the e-bike lending library: the RadPower RadMini!
This electric-folding-cargo-fat-bike does it all. From city streets to bike paths to dirt roads to logging trails whether you’re going uphill, downhill, or no-hill, the RadMini will carry you and your cargo in all weather during all seasons. I used this bike to commute from South Burlington to Burlington and back with ease. I traveled across Burlington with a trailer carrying two bike racks and pedaled with little effort up the hills. I even brought the RadMini into the mountains on snow covered logging trails to hunt deer. Especially with a bike trailer in tow, the RadMini is a fierce machine that should make your car or truck more than a little nervous.
Like all e-bikes, the RadMini includes an electric motor that assists you while pedaling. This bike also features both a throttle option (it turns on and off with a button) and 5 levels of pedal assistance. You can see check battery status, speed, and level assist from a large screen on the handlebars. The 750-watt rear-hub motor is powerful, so you do need to remember to be careful at intersections and tight maneuvering situations. While we were getting accustomed to the bike’s features, we had some close calls with buildings and the rear-end of cars (I wish we had a video to show you Local Motion’s Logistics Coordinator, Jonathon, hit the throttle by accident and run the bike up a wall). Once you ride the RadMini for a bit, though, the concerns of a powerful e-bike all but disappear and become natural benefits. Just like for all e-bikes, there’s a small learning curve and need to build muscle memory that are well worth the short adjustment period.
Other features standard with the RadMini include an integrated bright front light that got me home in the dark on both paved roads and through the woods, which pulls its power from the bike’s battery. A bright rear light is included, although you need separate batteries to power this (batteries do come with the bike). In addition, a front rack and a rear rack will hold groceries, camping gear, panniers, and whatever else you might need for a commute, trip to the store, or into the woods. The fat bike tires are very grippy and handle mud or a few inches of snow just fine. The distance you’ll get out of one battery charge varies significantly depending on the terrain you ride, the temperature outside, how frequently you use the throttle, and at which level you set the pedal assist, but expect anywhere from 20-40 miles. If you run out of battery, no problem! Just pedal the RadMini like a conventional bike.
Note: The RadMini was generously donated to Local Motion by RadPower Bikes. Their donation lets Vermonters “bike before you buy” and adds another e-bike option for you to consider. RadPower Bikes can be purchased online at www.radpowerbikes.com.

domain: hobby


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BANGALORE: Lashing out at the government for raising Lifetime Tax on luxury motor cabs to 15 per cent of the market value and making it compulsory in this year’s State Budget, the Bangalore Tourist Taxi Owners Association (BTTOA) on Saturday threatened to surrender their permits to the government and shift their vehicle registrations to other states if tax percentage is not reduced to 6 per cent.
“Karnataka is the only state which has imposed such a huge tax. Nowhere else in the country is the rate above six per cent. We cannot afford to pay such huge amounts for a car that we would not use for more than four to five years,” said President of the All India Motor Transport Congress G R Shanmugappa in a press conference on Saturday.
The taxi owners have threatened to hold demonstration in front of the Vidhana Soudha on April 3. They also plan to meet Chief Minister D V Sadanada Gowda and Transport Minister R Ashok. “We will park all our vehicles at Vidhana Soudha and surrender our permits. We already have with us around 1,000 of them which have been returned voluntarily by frustrated taxi owners,” said General Secretary of BTTOA Radhakrishna Holla.
Stating that BTTOA has only 700 members, Shanmugappa said that around 5,000 luxury cabs are registered in Bangalore.
“The remaining 4,300 are purchased by MLAs and other powerful people and registered with yellow board so that they can pay quarterly tax. We are ready to prove that 700 cars are operated regularly as taxi services,” he said.
Before the state budget, the taxi owners were allowed to pay quarterly tax while Lifetime Tax was compulsory for privately owned vehicles. The decision in the budget also applies with retrospective effect to already registered vehicles which seem to be BTTOA’s biggest peeve. “This system must be waived for old vehicles. Let them impose it for newly registered vehicles,” said Holla.

domain: news


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FThyroid hormone Promote expression of the gene for growth hormone in somatotrophs. T3 is required for the production of both growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors. It is also required for the action of insulin-like growth factors on epiphyseal cartilage. They stimulate the linear growth of bones and endochondral ossification and maturation of epiphyseal bone centers.
Therefore, hypothyroidism lead to dwarfism in children, and the mental status of the child will be also altered (low).
In the case of hyperthyroidism initially, there will be the growth of the child due to the synergetic effect of growth hormone but thyroid hormone will close the epiphyseal plate of the bone early than a normal thyroid hormone child. Therefore the child will be dwarfed in his/her life but the mental status will be active in this case.

domain: medical


Music In The Office
Folk songs are, quite actually, songs of the individuals. These males were master musicians and composers who had been aware that there musical genius was a divine reward, but their music was extra than simply non secular, it was inspired by Gods inventive spirit inside them. In modern occasions, studies have been performed to gauge the benefits of music in a piece setting.
The term “Jack of all trades” might quite easily apply to most musicians or artists. Sound recording was additionally a significant affect on the event of standard music genres, as a result of it enabled recordings of songs and bands to be widely distributed. When this course of takes place the music simply assumes the type of the one forming it. What ever philosophy of life or worldview the gifted musician holds good or bad will inevitably be transmitted into there music and songs.
Traditional music styles akin to jazz and folks music have been used by composers as a supply of concepts for classical music. From it’s use within the earliest of times till its close to extinction throughout the Industrial Age to the present day, music has played an important function to workers.
Earlier than anybody accuses me of painting a broad brush stroke condemning all music after the 70’s, let me say that in newer occasions there has been a small quantity of good stuff like Phish or Midnite, and even politically-minded music resembling U2, but no the place near the creative quantity of earlier instances.
Free Music On-line
Pitch is a facet of a sound that we will hear, reflecting whether or not one musical sound, be aware or tone is “larger” or “lower” than another musical sound, observe or tone.
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The Nineteen Nineties witnessed some of the fast rates of technological innovation within the 20th Century. 41 Indian classical music (marga) is monophonic, and based on a single melody line or raga rhythmically organized through talas Silappadhikaram by Ilango Adigal offers details about how new scales could be shaped by modal shifting of the tonic from an existing scale.
Intriguingly, they found that within the musicians’ planum temporale – a mind structure associated with auditory processing – was larger in the left hemisphere and smaller in the best than within the non-musicians. The fact that these are finished by well-liked singers has also helped rework classical crossover into a popular genre of its personal.
Using Music For English Or Foreign Language Studying
Music is a type of art which performs an necessary a part of our on a regular basis life. Sad songs feel soothing at occasions, probably when one can identify with the feelings they portray. In the 2000s, notated music is produced as sheet music or, for individuals with pc scorewriter applications, as a picture on a pc screen In historic instances, music notation was put onto stone or clay tablets.
In lots of cultures, there may be less distinction between performing and listening to music, since nearly everyone is involved in some type of musical exercise, usually communal. The same might be said for many recording artists which have had long, distinguished careers within the industry.
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For the reason that beginning of time, music has been used as an expression of cultural identification. In 2001 Dr. Anne Blood and Robert Zatorre of McGill University in Montreal, used positron emission tomography, or PET scans, to seek out out if particular mind structures were stimulated by music. In Indian classical music , improvisation is a core part and a vital criterion of performances.


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Plant spacing is based on the ultimate width of the plants. This figure is normally given as a range; for example, 3-5’. If you live in a cold climate and/or want plants to fill in more quickly, plan to space at the shorter end of the range. If you live in a warm climate, are on a limited budget, or are willing to wait longer for plants to touch, use the higher end of the range. Using the larger number is recommended when calculating distance from a building or structure. There’s really no such thing as "maximum spacing": if you don’t want your plants to touch, you can space them as far apart as you’d like. All plant spacing is calculated on center, or in other words, the centers of the plants are spaced one half of their eventual width apart:
Unless you are planting in a straight line, as you might for hedges or edging, space your plants in a staggered or zig-zag pattern for a more interesting and naturalistic look:
Hand-picked at our greenhouse
Shipped to your door
Arrives as young plant
DescriptionAdd some cheer to your sunny gardens with 'Star Cluster' tickseed (Coreopsis sp.) from the BIG BANG™ series. Forming a lush clump of bright green foliage and blooming non-stop from summer to fall, this is one perennial you definitely want to add to your garden. To add to its appeal, 'Star Cluster' features creamy white blooms painted with small flecks of purple, adding interest to borders or containers. Easy to care for, this powerhouse perennial is practically maintenance-free! Perfect for beginner or expert gardeners, this versatile perennial will be loved by you, adored by butterflies, and unbothered by deer and rabbits all season long.DetailsBotanical name:Coreopsis ‘Star Cluster' Patent #: USPP 23,035 Common name: Threadleaf Coreopsis, Tickseed Zone: 5 – 9 Sun exposure: Sun Height x width: 1-2' tall and wide Flower color: White with purple flecks Foliage color: Green Season of interest: Summer-fall Bloom time: Midsummer , late summer Features: Rabbit & deer resistant, heat tolerant, dry soils, drought tolerant Uses: Accent, alpine and rock, container gardening, edging, ground cover, massing, slopes, rock garden, slopes, small spaces, underplanting How To GrowSoil: Plant in moist, well-drained soil. It thrives in a wide range of soils. Light: Sun (> 6 hours sun) Water: Average to moist. Water weekly, or more often in extreme heat, until established. Spacing: 24" Fertilizing: Seldom needs fertilizing if the soil is good to average. If needed, you can feed lightly with a general-purpose or timed-release fertilizer before new growth begins in spring. Winterizing: No special care is needed. Remove spent foliage in spring before new growth appears. Maintenance & pruning: For repeated bloom, trim old flowers.
Ideas & Inspiration
Top 10 Long Blooming Perennials
Looking for perennials that bloom for a long time but require minimal care? These long-bloomers extend the gardening season from vibrant pollinator favorites to unique beauties. Here are ten best-selling long-blooming perennial flowers that will make you look like a garden Rockstar and add beauty to your landscape year after year.

domain: design


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Here’s a quick rundown of the weather today across Mississippi.
In north Mississippi, sunny skies expected today with a slight chance of showers in the morning and highs in the lower 80s. At night, clear with lows dropping down into the lower 60s.
In central Mississippi, partly sunny until late afternoon, then clearing with a chance of showers in the morning and a slight chance of thunderstorms that will continue into the afternoon. Highs will climb into the lower to mid-80s. Tonight, cooler temperatures with clear skies and a slight chance of showers and thunderstorms in the evening. Lows will be in the lower to mid-60s.
In south Mississippi, partly sunny today with a slight chance of thunderstorms in the morning and more showers likely during the day and continuing into the afternoon. Temperatures will rise into the mid-80s. In the evening, mostly clear with a chance of showers and a slight chance of thunderstorms int he evening. Lows will dip down into the upper 60s.


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Poverty is a global issue that has yet to be resolved, so how do we correct this problem? A part of fixing any issue is understanding the source of it. Poverty is defined in the dictionary as “the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor” in other words, not able to live comfortably. It goes without saying that homelessness is a result of poverty. However, poverty causes many problems, such as human trafficking and poor mental health. According to the Polaris Project website, risk factors for human trafficking is 569 for runaway and homeless youth and 530 for mental health concern. Mental health and homelessness cause desperation to improve ones well being. Which causes them to be prone to human trafficking.
Human traffickers have many methods but the one that is most commonly used is grooming. Grooming is when a trafficker takes time to gain trust from the victim by complimenting them and giving them a place to stay. In an article by New York Post titled ‘The sick tactics sex traffickers use to find victims, it states that traffickers often look for their victims outside of foster homes and high schools. Traffickers mainly target women because they are more vulnerable and prone to homelessness. Traffickers want to find the weakest and most vulnerable parts of their victims and use it to get them to agree to traffic.
Poor mental health can be a result of poverty. When someone is struggling to be financially stable enough to keep up with their bills it can take a toll on their mental health. It can feel burdening. Dealing with the constant fear of not knowing where one is going to sleep at night or if they are able to buy food for themselves can cause stress. If a person is under stress and pressure all the time it can lead to depression and possibly suicidal thoughts.
How can we as a society change this? We can help out by donating to homeless shelters or if you know someone personally who is struggling financially lend them support. There is always a way to help others. This is a serious issue that can only be resolved by awareness and people's willingness to help out those in need. If you need help or know someone who does you can call 1 (888) 373-7888 National Human Trafficking Hotline or 1-833-375-2237 Homeless Resource Helpline. There is always someone willing to help.

domain: health


Always a clean machine thanks to automatic circuit cleaning
Saeco designed this espresso machine to automatically clean its coffee circuit with water upon starting up or switching off of the machine, this delivers a great, fresh taste with each cup of coffee.
Dedicated led to advice the end user that the machine needs to be descaled
Easy cleaning thanks to removable brewing group
The brewing group, a Saeco invention, is the heart of our espresso machines, ensuring automation. The brewing group is, depending on the model, easily accessible from the front or side. It can be removed effortlessly for easily cleaning by rinsing under the tap ensuring maximum hygene.
Pre-brewing function for flavor enhancing
Pre-brewing for even more enjoyment. Thanks to the Pre-brewing Technology, the coffee grounds are moistened before the actual brewing process – ensuring that the aroma can unfold even better.
Ceramic grinders for Aroma preserving
The high-tech grinders of this coffee machine beat the competition’s steel grinders on many levels: always perfectly Italian taste because of consistently accurate grinding without overheating, supreme longevity, super-silent operation.
Frontal access for easy filling and emptying
All machine elements you need to reach during your day-by-day enjoyment (water, coffeebeans and coffee grounds container, drip tray, removable brewing group) are completely independent and reachable either from the front or from the top.
This feature keeps the power consumption to a minimum. In fact, less than 1 Watt per hour is needed in stand-by mode, automatic after 1hour, saving resources and money
Sound demping system
Special insulation and super-silent ceramic grinders preserve the peaceful kitchen atmosphere


Vetassess to replace Advisory Service
Vetassess has announced that its Advisory Service for professional occupations will be closed down at 5pm AEST on 31st August. Any applications lodged before that time will continue to be assessed.
Vetassess is planning to replace the Advisory Service with a new Skills Assessment Support Service in October. The new service will be based upon recommendations built upon applicant and agent surveys, and will aim to be a far more comprehensive service.
The new service will include step by step document checking support and the possibility for further information to be provided on the Australian context for nominated occupations.
Further information will be released by Vetassess shortly.


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Taegoon and park shin hye dating 2018, donate to help pshifc
However, Park denied the rumor in mid during a press conference held in Taiwan. She finally won her first movie role in 's Love Phobia.
He is family oriented, a trait she admires the most about him. The two revealed their relationship inyears after Park met Lee. In a statementa representative from Park Shin Hye's agency said, "As graduates of Chung-Ang University, the two have continued to have a close friendship.
Hye, in an interview with TV Report, did admit that she bug william friedkin online dating dating but she is doing it secretly.
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She wants to experience various things on her own before she settles down. Someone who can respect her is also an important criteria. Since then, they have maintained their friendship and continued to spend time together with their other friends.
As for the trip that the two stars reportedly went on, which further fueled the dating rumors, Salt Entertainment explained, "In the case of the overseas trip, there were a lot of other acquaintances there as well.
She claimed several prestigious award nominations and she was also honored with various foreign awards. In Novemberit was confirmed that they will work together again for a new project.
She is South Korean with Korean ethnicity. She has also been honored with this award several times. They have been spotted spending time together in several instances, which led many fans to speculate that the two have been seeing each other.
The two still remain close up to this day. Whenever she is acting for a drama or film, she gives it her full concentration and tends to abandon other important things.
Ever since, the two have been seeing each other frequently.
Who is Shin-hye Park dating? Shin-hye Park boyfriend, husband
However, it is widely known that Lee is in a public relationship with Suzy Bae, member of k-pop group Miss A. However, her agency, Salt Entertainment, was quick to address the rumors.
This was made possible due to their fans who wanted to see them together again. The same goes with marriage, she wants to keep her private activities behind closed doors. She is every now and then rumored and linked with many celebrities.
Despite their busy schedules, they also met in foreign places such as England and Hawaii. According to her, it takes a lot of effort from both sides to make it work, but she is constantly busy with her career to guarantee that. The actress claimed they were just close friends.
Furthermore, the actress has revealed that she had secret relationships in the past. She feels this exposure might affect her relationship.
However, it has been confirmed that they were not alone at the time. Free sign up cp newsletter! However, the actress has not been very open to the public regarding her personal life.
This was proven through the alleged date she had with Lee Jong Suk, when they went out for a drive late at night. As of the moment, she is busy with her work and would like to concentrate on that first.
Ideal type of man The actress mentioned in various occasions that her ideal type of man is someone similar to her father.
Park Shin-hye, Choi Tae-joon confirm dating
Till now, she has already released more than two dozens of songs. Park entered into the acting world since her young age. Appeared in music video, Do You Love?
They are not in any sort of romantic relationship. Released her first single, Love Rain Besides being an actress, she is also popular for being the dancer and singer. She is still active in acting and has already appeared in several hot movies and television series.
She is five feet and six inch tall and she is of average weight. Paparazzi once took a video of them going out to drive late at night. According the agency, "Park Shin Hye went to the park not only with Choi Tae Joon, but with many other fellow students as well.
She has been involved in several charitable works since the beginning of her career. Inshe appeared in the music video, Do You Love?. Began her acting career Park began acting since she was in her sixth grade.
So before she gets married, Park wants to be confident that she can balance her public and private life first. Became Chung-Ang Ambassador She didn't become one of the most loved beauties in Korea only by being the actress, singer and dancer but also being one of the kind hearted actresses.
It seems that, despite the fact that there were a lot of people, many recognized only Choi Tae Joon and Park Shin Hye. She said she wants to get married when she is around 31 years old. She also looks for a person of about the same age who can cook well and is fan of sports.


Where sustainability in clothing is concerned, denim is the elephant in the room — or at least it has has been for a long time. In the past decade, as the clothing industry has begun to address aspects of sustainability, the omnipresent cotton fabric has been largely ignored. It’s not really a surprise, as the worldwide supply chain for denim is far from eco-friendly and would take a major overhaul to reform. Cotton growth accounts for 11 percent of global pesticide use and dyeing and finishing processes for denim often use chemicals that are unsafe for workers and the environment. Through its lifecycle, a single pair of jeans uses over 3,700 liters of fresh water. In order to address these systemic issues, a number of brands have begun to focus on more sustainable methods to produce jeans. This week, California-based Outerknown released a new collection of S.E.A. Jeans which are some of the best you’ll find on the market.
The new line, which is available in three fits and a variety of colors and washes, is part of the brand’s continuing focus on reducing denim’s impact on the environment. Last year, the brand — co-founded by pro surfer Kelly Slater and veteran designer John Moore — partnered with Levi’s to offer a range of sustainably made denim classics including 511 jeans and Trucker jackets. Made with Levi’s WaterLess dying innovation, those garments used up to 70 percent less water than conventional indigo dying. Far from over, the ongoing collaboration will continue to examine aspects of sustainability in new garments as seasons advance.
Similarly, the S.E.A. jeans are made from organic cotton sourced from the Candiani mill in Italy and the Isko mill in Turkey. They’re manufactured at the LEED-certified Saitex factory in Vietnam. Notably, workers at Saitex recycle 98 percent of water used in production, and they air dry 85 percent of their jeans to save energy, they use solar power and they harvest rainwater. Though they aren’t cheap (they range in price from $128 to $168), these jeans are produced to the highest possible ethical and environmental standards and Outerknown guarantees each pair for life. If you wear them out, tear a knee or rip a seam, the brand will repair or replace the jeans at their cost — that alone is a great reason to invest in a pair.
To learn more about what went into these forward-thinking jeans, we caught up with John Moore to talk about the scope of the collection, the importance of not throwing your jeans away and the incredible promo images shot in Hawaii.
Q: Did you learn anything from the Levi’s Wellthread and Outerknown collaboration that you applied to these jeans?
A: We learned the obvious, that our man loves blue jeans.
Levi’s and Outerknown just makes sense together, and Wellthread was our first co-branded collaboration. Levi’s always stayed true to the vision, aesthetic and history of their brand as they developed the Wellthread innovation, and we’ve been proud to partner on telling this story. Levi’s and Outerknown is an ongoing collaboration that will get better every season, and this September drop is the best yet!
With the launch of S.E.A. Jeans, Outerknown is bringing our own innovation and personality to this important category. We are working with our own suppliers and fabric mills, and it is a completely different design approach. S.E.A. Jeans enable us to do something that is completely our own.
Q: Why did Outerknown decide to use denim made from organic cotton sourced from the Candiani and Isko Mills?
A: Candiani and Isko are two of the most well-respected denim mills in the world. It was important for us to use organic cotton, but it was equally important for us to get the right look and characteristics out of our denim selections to achieve the results we were looking for. Great style has always been just as important as sustainability for us.
Q: The S.E.A. Jeans come in three fits and a wide range of washes and colors — can you talk about the importance of variety in this collection?
A: Jeans are extremely personal. The perfect pair of jeans for me is probably different from the perfect pair of jeans for you, taking into consideration size, length, fit, wash, etc. I prefer a rigid jean, while many men may prefer stretch. We selected three denims to achieve twelve different finishes, washes and colors. We wanted to offer enough variety, so different types of men could find the jean they are looking for. You probably already own a few pairs of blue jeans, so we’ve created a style of S.E.A. Jeans called the Drifter that comes in four coastal colors (Fatigue, Mirage, Salt and Faded Khaki) that are different from any jean you may currently have in your closet today.
We shot our S.E.A. Jeans on 14 North Shore Lifeguards last month. These are men with a range of body types. I assumed the most challenging aspect of the shoot was going to be finding a S.E.A. Jean that each man individually felt comfortable in, but the range of inseams, colors and styles ensured that we found a pair that every man looked great in.
Q: The majority of fresh water used in the lifecycle of a pair of jeans happens during the production of the cotton, so recycling fiber and repairing clothing is essential for sustainability. Why is it important for Outerknown to guarantee these jeans for life?
A: Our goal at Outerknown is to make a jean that has the right (responsibly sourced) fabrications and lasts a long ass time. If your jeans tear or wear out at any time, we will repair or replace them at our cost. However, the idea behind the guarantee is not just about long lasting quality; it’s also about what happens when you are done with them. Don’t throw your old S.E.A. Jeans away, send them to us and we’ll upcycle them to make sure they don’t end up in a landfill on our watch.
Photo: Todd Glasser
Q: Is there anything that might surprise customers about the S.E.A. Jeans?
A: As I mentioned above, we didn’t want to just make another blue jean. We wanted to make Outerknown S.E.A. Jeans and bring our coastal personality into the trims and detailing both inside and out. One of my favorite styles is our Ambassador slim fit with the selvedge edge. I actually have it hanging inside-out on the wall behind me because I’m so proud of everything that went into our jeans. From the story on the pocket bag to the selvedge trim to the hardware with our S.E.A. Jeans branding.
I’m pretty certain the fits will also surprise you as our team spent more than a year perfecting all three — a straight leg called The Local, a slim leg called The Ambassador and a relaxed, tapered leg called The Drifter.
Q: The promotional photos produced with North Shore Lifeguard Association are incredible. What was the inspiration for this shoot and how was it produced?
A: Oh man, I could talk about this for days. S.E.A. Jeans are Outerknown’s way of doing our best for people and planet in a category — denim — that’s notoriously bad for both.
We’re so happy to work with our supplier Saitex, the cleanest denim supplier in the world, but that’s just part of the story. We’re not making denim in the traditional sense, which is why we called them S.E.A. Jeans (an acronym for Social. Environmental. Accountability.). We wanted to show our S.E.A. Jeans in harmony with nature. We wanted to make you feel something.
In my time in the business, these are definitely the images I’m most proud of. Before we shot, we spent 30 minutes talking to the lifeguards about the significance of what they were doing and how honored we were to work with them. Athletic ability was just as critical as the creative vision. They were 14 of the most badass watermen I’ve ever worked with — they trod water for four hours in jeans. Imagine that. At least Todd Glaser (our photographer) and I got to wear fins!


text:
When foreign multinational companies are doing business in Norway there are a multitude of compliance obligations to follow. Failure to comply may imply severe sanctions.
To guide you we have created this brief guide. After reading this guide, you'll have a brief understanding of:
For more information about how we can assist you, please see this page.

domain: law


K I -factor
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Chemistry and Pharmacology
Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
Abstract The mechanical and optical properties of polyimides were studied in this paper and the influence of the variation of the reaction temperature on the physico-chemical properties of the polymers was evaluated. From this the dependence of the stress-strain diagrams on the reaction temperature, as well as the stresses and strains at fracture were experimentally determined. Moreover, the elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios, as well as the refractive index of the polymers were evaluated for different temperatures of imidization. In order to define also the behaviour of the polymers as thin membranes at fracture, simple tension tests with edge-cracked thin strips were executed up to fracture. The method of caustics was used, with the specimens loaded inK I mode of deformation at different stress-levels to evaluate the stress intensity factors of the materials in the non-linear zone of loading. TheK I -factor was evaluated by applying the simple Dugdale-Barenblatt model for the ductile materials, whereas for brittle samples the elastic theory was used. Interesting results concerning the physico-mechanical properties of the polyimides were derived.
Type of Medium:


text:
Medigene is a global leader in T Cell immunology.
Growing clinical pipeline in multiple indications and strong collaborations.
High-throughput platform for antigen and TCR discovery.
Listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) with a market cap of EUR330 million.
Fundraising to expand the company's ongoing clinical program with its T-cell receptor modified T cells (TCR-T) and to progress its pipeline of potential TCR-T candidates for future clinical development.
Bryan, Garnier & Co acted as Lead Manager alongside Guggenheim Securities and Baader Bank.
EUR32.3 million raised in an oversubscribed Accelerated Bookbuild targeting institutional investors in Europe and in the US.
Offering priced at EUR 14.5 per share representing a discount of 2.3% to the last market closing price.
Strong demand enabled QVT Financial LP, a major shareholder of Medigene, to sell c. 1.1 million shares in a secondary offering as part of a general restructuring across its funds.
Medigene AG (FSE: MDG1, ISIN DE000A1X3W00, Prime Standard, TecDAX) is a publicly listed biotechnology company headquartered in Martinsried near Munich, Germany. The company is developing highly innovative immunotherapies to target various forms and stages of cancer. Medigene concentrates on the development of personalized T cell-based therapies, with associated projects currently in pre-clinical and clinical development.
About Bryan, Garnier & Co
Bryan, Garnier & Co is a European, full service growth-focused independent investment banking partnership founded in 1996. The firm provides equity research, sales and trading, private and public capital raising as well as M&A services to growth companies and their investors. It focuses on key growth sectors of the economy including Technology, Media & Telecoms, Healthcare, Smart Industries & Energy, Consumer, Brands & Retail and Business Services. Bryan, Garnier & Co is a fully registered broker dealer authorized and regulated by the FCA in Europe and the FINRA in the U.S. Bryan, Garnier & Co is headquartered in London, with additional offices in Paris, Munich, Zurich and New York. The firm is a member of the London Stock Exchange and Euronext.
T: +49 89 242 262 66
T: +33 1 70 36 57 22
Managing Director – ECM
T: +33 1 56 68 75 17
Dr. Nicholas Hanser
Director – ECM
T: +49 89 242 262 70
Jean de Pracomtal
T: +33 1 56 68 75 38
T: +33 1 56 68 75 30
T: +33 1 56 68 75 76

domain: finance


text:
If this was indeed a measuring stick for the Senators, they have a lot of work to do before they measure up.
Only hours after owner Eugene Melnyk served notice that nobody — except GM Bryan Murray — is safe, the Senators made it a little more difficult for coach Dave Cameron after dropping a 4-2 decision to the Washington Capitals Tuesday in front of 19,313 at Canadian Tire Centre.
tap here to see other videos from our team.
It should be noted that once the Capitals took a 3-0 lead on goals by Nicklas Backstrom, Alex Ovechkin and Mike Richards, they did just enough to get the job done. Only Chris Wideman and Mika Zibanejad could beat Washington goalie Braden Holtby.
Hanging on by a thread to their playoff hopes, the Senators swore they weren’t distracted by Melnyk’s comments that changes are coming.
“I’ve been around for two big changes when we missed the playoffs. I know the deal and what’s at stake,” said captain Erik Karlsson. “That’s the way it is when you miss the playoffs in a market where you’re supposed to make it and we’re a team that should have made it.
“Again, that’s something we’re going to evaluate after the season and we’ve still got eight games to play. We’ve got to play them hard, we’ve got to show we want to be here and we want to be good teammates. It doesn’t really bother us what he says right now. That’s something we’re going to have to do after the season. Whatever happens, happens (and) it’s only for the better.”
Yes, the Senators have to be better in a lot of areas.
The Senators finished the game without defenceman Dion Phaneuf. He was hit by Brooks Orpik in the second and didn’t return due to a lower-body injury. He won’t be able to play Wednesday against the New York Islanders, so the club has recalled blue-liner Fred Claesson from Binghamton.
The power play, which has had its share of issues, continues to struggle. The club went 0-for-4 with the man advantage and the Senators haven’t scored on the power play in 10 straight games dating back to March 1 against the St. Louis Blues. They are 0-for-27 during that stretch.
“We’re getting some looks and we’re doing some good things but it’s not enough,” said Zibanejad, who pulled the club to within a goal with 1:33 left in the third.
Washington’s T.J. Oshie put the game away with an empty netter.
The Senators have now lost five of their last six against the Capitals.
“I thought, overall, it was a really good game. We dug ourselves a hole and I thought we stuck with it and battled back,” Cameron said.
Asked if Melnyk’s comments put any added pressure on the team, Cameron didn’t provide an answer: “You’d have to ask them. That’s a question for them.”
The Senators finally got on the board with 7:27 left in the second. Wideman beat Holtby on the stick side with his sixth of the season to pull his club within two goals. It was the first time since Feb. 2 against Pittsburgh that Wideman scored — ending a 19-game drought.
Not long after the Caps pulled out to a 3-0 lead in the first, the Senators had a glorious opportunity to get back into this one with a 5-on-3 for a span of 1:03.
This game went from bad to worse pretty quick and Craig Anderson was clearly frustrated, slamming his stick after the Caps took a 3-0 lead on a goal by Backstrom.
So upset was Cameron he took a timeout and read the riot act, but by that point the Senators didn’t look like they were in the mood for this.
Trying to reach the 50-goal mark for the sixth time in his career, Ovechkin took another step in the right direction with his 43rd at 12:22 of the first. On the power play, he was alone in front and beat Anderson on the stick side. Killing penalties against Washington is a lot different than the Montreal Canadiens.
Like they have so many nights this season, the Senators surrendered an early goal and they didn’t give Anderson much of a chance. Sitting alone in front, Richards went upstairs stick side just 2:32 in and — since this never gets old — it marked the 48th time this season the Senators have given up the first goal.
“It’s not the start we were looking for,” said winger Mike Hoffman. “I thought over the 60 minutes we outplayed them and outshot them. I’m not sure what the scoring chances were, but I’d say we were probably on the better end of that one as well.
“We worked hard and just fell short.”

domain: sports


text:
Mizuho Securities Initiates Coverage on Buckeye Partners L.P.(NYSE:BPL). The shares have been rated Neutral. The rating by Mizuho Securities was issued on Sep 30, 2016.
In a different note, On Sep 19, 2016, Goldman Sachs said it Upgrades its rating on Buckeye Partners L.P.. The shares have been rated ‘Buy’ by the firm. On Sep 8, 2016, US Capital Advisors said it Upgrades its rating on Buckeye Partners L.P.. The shares have been rated ‘Buy’ by the firm. Goldman Sachs said it Initiates Coverage on Buckeye Partners L.P., according to a research note issued on Aug 24, 2016. The shares have been rated ‘Neutral’ by the firm. On Aug 8, 2016, UBS said it Maintains its rating on Buckeye Partners L.P.. In the research note, the firm Raises the price-target to $86.00 per share. The shares have been rated ‘Buy’ by the firm.
Buckeye Partners L.P. (BPL) shares turned negative on Tuesdays trading session with the shares closing down -0.62 points or -0.88% at a volume of 2,52,476. The pessimistic mood was evident in the company shares which never went considerably beyond the level of $71.04. The peak price level was also seen at $71.04 while the days lowest was $69.68. Finally the shares closed at $70.07. The 52-week high of the shares is $75.1 while the 52-week low is $47.07. According to the latest information available, the market cap of the company is $9,183 M.
Buckeye Partners L.P.(BPL) last announced its earnings results on Aug 5, 2016 for Fiscal Year 2016 and Q2.Company reported revenue of $777.12M. Analysts had an estimated revenue of $759.98M. Earnings per share were $1.07. Analysts had estimated an EPS of $0.97.
Several Insider Transactions has been reported to the SEC. On Aug 24, 2016, Pieter Bakker (director) purchased 3,500 shares at $70.25 per share price.Also, On Jul 20, 2016, Clark C. Smith (Chair, CEO and President) sold 910 shares at $75.02 per share price.On Jul 20, 2016, Khalid A Muslih (SVP) sold 7,500 shares at $75.00 per share price, according to the Form-4 filing with the securities and exchange commission.
Buckeye Partners L.P. (Buckeye) owns and operates a diversified network of integrated assets providing midstream logistic solutions primarily consisting of the transportation storage and marketing of liquid petroleum products. The Company operates in four segments: Pipelines & Terminals; Global Marine Terminals; Merchant Services and Development & Logistics. Buckeye GP LLC (Buckeye GP) is the Companys general partner. The Pipelines & Terminals segment owns and operates pipeline in the Northeastern and upper Midwestern portions of the United States. The Global Marine Terminals segment provides marine bulk storage marine terminal throughput services and other related services in the Caribbean and the United States. The Merchant Services segment distributes petroleum products in the United States and in the Caribbean. The Development & Logistics segment operates third-party pipelines.


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text:
Monday is mute on The Daily Constitutional (well, almost mute) – because Monday is the day when we post five images captured in and around London by London Walks Guides and London Walkers.
|Covent Garden (Not sure if this is a fit of patriotic fervour or an anti-British protest!)|
|Carnaby Street (pic taken a couple of Christmases back)|
|How much is that Hofner in the window? (Macari's on the Charing Cross Road)|
|We hear that there are other countries with red, white and blue flags too. Who knew? ;)|
A London Walk costs £9 – £7 concession. To join a London Walk, simply meet your guide at the designated tube station at the appointed time. Details of all London Walks can be found at www.walks.com.

domain: geography