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The nature of the euro crisis of 2010 remains widely misunderstood, not only by the mainstream but also by Keynesian economists.
J. W. Mason is Associate Professor of Economics at John Jay College, City University of New York and a Fellow at the Roosevelt Institute
Cross-posted from Josh’s blog The Slackwire
The euro crisis of the 2010s is well in the past now, but it remains one of the central macroeconomic events of our time. But the nature of the crisis remains widely misunderstood, not only by the mainstream but also — and more importantly from my point of view — by economists in the heterodox Keynesian tradition. In this post, I want to lay out what I think is the right way of thinking about the crisis. I am not offering much in the way of supporting evidence. For the moment, I just want to state my views as clearly as possible. You can accept them or not, as you choose.
During the first 15 years of the euro, a group of peripheral European countries experienced an economic boom followed by a crash, with GDP, employment and asset prices rising and then falling even more rapidly. As far as I can tell, there are four broad sets of explanations on offer for the crises in Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain starting in 2008.
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(While the timing is the same as the US housing bubble and crash, that doesn’t mean they are directly linked — however different they are in other respects, most of the common explanations for the European crisis I’m aware of locate its causes primarily within Europe.s)
The four common stories are:
1. External imbalances. The fixed exchange rate created by the euro, plus some mix of slow productivity growth in periphery and weak demand growth in core led to large trade imbalances within Europe. The financial expansion in the periphery was the flip side of a causally prior current account deficit.
2. Monetary policy. Both financial instability and external imbalances were result of Europe being far from an optimal currency area. Trying to carry out monetary policy for the whole euro area inevitably produced a mix of stagnation in the core and unsustainable credit expansion in the periphery, since a monetary stance that was too expansionary for Greece, Spain etc. was too tight for Germany.
3. Fiscal irresponsibility. The root of the crisis in peripheral countries was the excessive debt incurred by their own governments. The euro was a contributing factor since it led to an excessive convergence of interest rates across Europe, as markets incorrectly believed that peripheral debt was now as safe as debt of core countries.
4. Banking crises. The booms and busts in peripheral Europe were driven by rapid expansions and then contractions of credit from the domestic banking systems, with dynamics similar to that in credit booms in other times and places. The specific features of the euro system did not play any significant role in the development of the crisis, though they did importantly shape its resolution.
In my view, the fourth story is correct, and the other three are wrong. In particular, trade imbalances within Europe played no role in the crisis. In this post, I am going to focus on why I think the external balances story is wrong, since that’s the one that people who are on my side intellectually seem most inclined toward.
As I see it, there were two distinct causal chains at work, both starting with a credit boom in the peripheral countries.
easy credit —> increased aggregate spending —> increased output and income —> increased imports —> growing trade deficit —> net financial inflows
easy credit —> rising asset prices —> bubble and/or fraud —> asset price crash —> insolvent banks —> financial crisis
That the two outcomes — external imbalances and banking crisis — went together is not a coincidence. But there is no causal link from the first to the second. Both rather are results of the same underlying cause.
Yes, in the specific conditions of the late-2000s euro area, a credit boom led to an external deficit. But in principle it is perfectly possible to have a a credit-financed asset bubble and ensuing crisis in a country with a current account surplus, or one with current account balance, or in a closed economy. What was specific to the euro system was not the crisis itself, but the response to it. The reason the euro made the crisis worse because it prevented national governments from taking appropriate action to rescue their banking systems and stabilize demand.
This understanding is, I think, natural if we take a “money view” of the crisis, thinking in terms of balance sheets and the relationship between income and expenditure. Here is the story I would like to tell.
Following the introduction of the euro in 1998, there were large credit expansions in a number of European countries. In Spain, for example, bank credit to the non-financial economy increased from 80 percent of GDP in 1997 to 220 percent of GDP in 2010. Banks were more willing to make loans, at lower rates, on more favorable terms, with less stringent collateral requirements and other lending standards. Borrowers were more willing to incur debt. The proximate causes of this credit boom may well have been connected to the euro in various ways. European integration offered a plausible story for why assets in Spain might be valued more highly. The ECB might have followed a less restrictive policy than independent central banks would have (or not — this is just speculation). But the euro was in no way essential to the credit boom. Similar booms have happened in many other times and places in the absence of currency unions — including, of course, in the US at roughly the same time.
In most of these countries, the bulk of the new credit went toward speculative real estate development. (In Greece there was also a big increase in public-sector borrowing, but not elsewhere.) The specifics of this lending don’t matter too much.
Now for the key point. What happens when a a Spanish bank makes a loan? In the first step the bank creates two new assets – a deposit for the borrower, and the loan for itself. Notice that this does not require any prior “saving” by a third party. Expansion of bank credit in Spain does not require any inflow of “capital” from Germany or anywhere else.
Failure to grasp is an important source of confusion. Many people with a Keynesian background talk about endogenous money, but fail to apply it consistently. Most of us still have a commodity money or loanable-funds intuition lodged in the back of our brains, especially in international contexts. Terms like “capital flows” and “capital flight” are, in this respect, unhelpful relics of a gold standard world, and should probably be retired.
Back to the story. After the deposits are created, they are spent, i.e. transferred to someone else in return, in return for title to an asset or possession of a commodity or use of a factor of production. If the other party to this transaction is also Spanish, as would usually be the case, the deposits remain in the Spanish banking system. At the aggregate level, we see an increase in bank credit, plus an increase in asset prices and/or output, depending on what the loan finances, amplified by any ensuing wealth effect or multiplier.
To the extent that the loans finance production – of beach houses in Galicia say — they generate incomes. Some fraction of new income is spent on imported consumption goods. Probably more important, production requires imported intermediate and capital goods. By both these channels, an increase in Spanish output results in higher imports. If the credit boom leads Spain to grow faster relative to its trade partners — which it will, unless they are experiencing similar booms — then its trade balance will move toward deficit.
(That changes in trade flows are primarily a function of income growth, and not of relative prices, is an important item in the Keynesian catechism.)
Now let’s turn to the financial counterpart of this deficit. A purchase of a German good by a Spanish firm requires a bank deposit to be transferred from the Spanish firm to the German firm. Since the German firm presumably doesn’t hold deposits in a Spanish bank, we’ll see a reduction in deposits in the Spanish banking system and an equal increase in deposits in the German banking system. The Spanish banks must now replace those deposits with some other funding, which they will seek in the interbank market. So in the aggregate the trade deficit will generate an equal financial inflow — or, better said, a new external liability for the Spanish banking system.
The critical thing to notice here is that these new financial positions are generated mechanically by the imports themselves. It is simply replacing the deposit funding the Spanish banks lost via payment for the imports. The financial inflow must take place for the purchase to happen — otherwise, literally, the importer’s check won’t clear.
But what if there is an autonomous inflow – what if German wealth owners really want to hold more assets in Spain? Certainly that can happen. These kinds of cross-border flows may well have contributed to the credit boom in the periphery. But they have nothing to do with the trade balance. By definition, autonomous financial flows involve offsetting financial transactions, with no implications for the current account.
Suppose you are a German pension fund that would like to lend money to a Spanish firm, to take advantage of the higher interest rates in Spain. Then you purchase, let’s say, a bond issued by Spanish construction company. That shows up as a new liability for Spain in the international investment position. But the Spanish firm now holds a deposit in a German bank, and that is an equal new asset for Spain. (If the Spanish firm transfers the deposit to a Spanish bank in return for a deposit there, as I suppose it probably would, then we get an asset for Spain in the interbank market instead.) The overall financial balance has not changed, so there is no reason for the current account to change either. Or as this recent BIS paper puts it, “the high correlations between gross capital inflows and outflows are overwhelmingly the result of double-entry bookkeeping”. (The importance of gross rather than net financial positions for crises is a pint the bIS has emphasized for many years.)
It may well happen that the effect of these offsetting financial transactions is to raise incomes in Spain (the contractor got better terms than it would at home) and/or banking-system liquidity (thanks to the fact that the Spanish banking system gets the deposits without the illiquid loan). This may well contribute to a rise in incomes in Spain and thus to a rise in the trade deficit. But this seems to me to be a second-order factor. And in any case we need to be clear about the direction of causality here — even if the financial inflows did indirectly cause the higher deficit, they did not in any sense finance it. The trade balances of Germany and Spain in no way affect the ability of German institutions to buy Spanish debt, any more than a New Yorker’s ability to buy a house in California depends on the trade balance between those states.
At this point it’s important to bring in the TARGET2 system.
Under normal conditions, when someone wants to take a cross-border position within the euro systems the other side will be passively accommodated somewhere in the banking system. But if a net position develops for whatever reason, central banks can accommodate it via TARGET2 balances. Concretely, let’s say soon in Spain wants to make a payment to someone in Germany, as above. This normally involves the reduction of a Spanish bank’s liability to the Spanish entity and the increase in a German bank’s liability to the German entity. To balance this, the Spanish bank needs to issue some other liability (or give up an asset) while the German bank needs to acquire some asset. Normally, this happens by the Spanish bank issuing some new interbank liability (commercial paper or whatever) which ends up, perhaps via various intermediaries, as an asset for a German bank. But if foreign banks are unwilling to hold the liabilities of Spanish banks (as happened during the crisis) the Spanish bank can instead borrow from its own central bank, which in turn can create two offsetting positions through TARGET2 — a liability to the euro system, and a reserve asset (a deposit at the ECB). Conceptually, rather than the transfer of the despot being offset by a liability fro the Spanish to the German bank the interbank market, it’s now offset by a debt owed by the Spanish bank to its own national central bank, a debt between the central banks in the TARGET2 system, and a claim by the German bank against its own national central bank.
In this sense, within the euro system TARGET2 balances stand at the top of the hierarchy of money. Just as non financial actors settle their accounts by transfers of deposits at commercial banks, and banks settle their balances by transfers of deposits at the central bank, central banks settle any outstanding balances via TARGET2. It plays the same role as gold in the old gold standard system. Indeed, I sometimes think it would be better to describe the euro system as the “TARGET2 system.”
There is however a critical difference between these balances and gold. Gold is an asset for central bank; TARGET2 balances are a liability. When a payment is made from country X to country Y in the euro area, with no offsetting private payment, the effect on central bank balance sheets is NOT a decrease in the assets of the central bank of X (and increase in the assets of the central bank of Y) but an increase in the liabilities of the central bank of X. This distinction is critical because assets are finite and can be exhausted, but new liabilities can be issued indefinitely. The automatic financing of payments imbalances through the TARGET2 system seems like an obscure technical detail but it transforms the functioning of the system. Every national central bank in the euro area is in effect in the situation of the Fed. It can never be financially constrained because all its obligations can be satisfied with its own liabilities.
People are sometimes uncomfortable with this aspect of the euro system and suggest that there must be some limit on TARGET2 balances. But to me, this fundamentally misunderstands the nature of a single currency. What makes “the euro” a single currency is not that it has the same name, or that the bills look the same in the various countries, or even that it trades at a fixed ratio of one for one. What makes it a single currency is that a bank deposit in any euro-area country will settle a debt in any other euro-area country, at par. TARGET2 balances have to be unlimited to guarantee the this will be the case — in other words, for there to be a single currency at all.
(In this sense, we should not have been so fixed on the question of being “in” versus “out” of the euro. The relevant question is the terms on which payments can be made from one bank account another, for settlement of which obligations.)
The view of the euro crisis in which trade imbalances finance or somehow enable credit expansion is dependent on a loanable-funds perspective in which incomes are fixed, money is exogenous and saving is a binding constraint. It’s implicitly based on a model of the gold standard in which increased lending impossible without inflow of reserves — something that was not really true in practice even in the high gold standard era and isn’t true even in principle today. What’s strange is that many people who accept this view would reject those premises – if they realized they were applying them.
Meanwhile, on the domestic side, abundant credit was bidding up asset prices and encouraging investment that was, ex post, unwise (and in some case fraudulent, though I have no idea how important this was quantitatively). When asset prices collapsed and the failure of investment projects to generate the expected returns became clear, many banks faced insolvency. There was a collapse in activity in the real-estate development and construction activity that had driven the boom and, as banks tightened credit standards across the board, in other credit-dependent activity; falling asset values further reduced private spending; all these effects were amplified by the usual multiplier. The result was a steep fall in output and employment.
I don’t believe there’s any sense in which a sudden stop of cross-border lending precipitated the crisis. Rather, the “nationalization” of finance came after. Banks tried to limit their cross-border positions came only once the crisis was underway, as it became clear that there would be no systematic euro-wide response to insolvent banks, so that any rescues or bailouts would be by national governments for their own banks.
Credit-fueled asset booms and crashes have happened in many times and places. There was nothing specific to the euro system about the property booms of the 2000s. What was specific to the euro system was what happened next. Thanks to the euro, the affected governments could not respond as developed country governments have always responded to financial crises since World War II — by recapitalizing insolvent banks and shifting public budgets toward deficit until private demand recovers.
The constraints on euro area governments were not an inevitable feature of system, in this view. Rather, they were deliberately imposed through discretionary choices by the authorities in order to use the crisis to advance a substantive political agenda.
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Looking to escape with your significant other without breaking the bank? Fear not, thrifty romantics, because we’ve rounded up the top budget-friendly getaways for couples. From charming bed and breakfasts to scenic outdoor adventures, these destinations offer the perfect mix of romance and affordability. So grab your sweetheart and get ready for a blissful getaway that won’t leave a dent in your wallet. Whether you’re looking for a cozy weekend retreat or a longer vacation, we’ve got you covered. Get ready to fall in love all over again, without spending a fortune.
– Fall in Love All Over Again: Affordable Romantic Getaways for Couples
A Romantic Escape to Napa Valley
Napa Valley, California is a stunning destination for couples. The rolling hills, picturesque vineyards, and quaint towns create the perfect romantic setting. And, with affordable lodging options like bed and breakfasts and vacation rentals, you can sneak away for a romantic weekend without breaking the bank. Take a scenic tour of wine country or enjoy a picnic on the grounds of a winery. While you’re there, indulge in some spa treatments or take a hot air balloon ride for a breathtaking bird’s eye view of Napa Valley.
A Tranquil Retreat to Sedona
Sedona, Arizona is known for its stunning red rocks and tranquil atmosphere. It’s the perfect place for couples seeking a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. Take a hike through the mountains or relax at one of the many spas in town. Plan a romantic dinner at a local restaurant featuring delicious Southwestern cuisine. With affordable lodging options like cozy cabins and vacation rentals, you’ll be able to enjoy all of the beauty and calm that Sedona has to offer without spending a fortune.
A Beach Getaway to Myrtle Beach
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina is the perfect destination for couples who love the beach. With affordable oceanfront accommodations and a wide variety of restaurants and attractions, there’s something for everyone in Myrtle Beach. Take a romantic stroll on the beach, go parasailing or jet skiing, or visit one of the many museums in the area. There are also plenty of delicious seafood options if you’re looking for a romantic dinner with a view. And, with dozens of rental options available, you can find the perfect lodging for your budget.
A Cozy Getaway to Asheville
Asheville, North Carolina is a charming destination for couples looking for a cozy getaway. The town is full of quaint shops, art galleries, and cafes, making it the perfect place to spend a romantic afternoon. Take a hike through the Blue Ridge Mountains or visit the famous Biltmore Estate for a romantic day trip. With affordable lodging options like bed and breakfasts and vacation rentals, you can enjoy all that Asheville has to offer without breaking the bank. Plus, the small-town charm and friendly locals will make you feel right at home.
– Keeping the Sparks Alive: Cheap but Dreamy Destinations for Two
Bali is a stunningly beautiful and romantic destination. This Indonesian island offers a perfect blend of ancient culture, natural beauty, and luxurious resorts. Bali is perfect for adventurous couples as it has plenty of options for outdoor activities, including surfing, hiking, and snorkeling. Also, the island’s nightlife will keep you awake all night with many restaurants and bars offering affordable prices.
Krabi is a charming and picturesque town in the southern part of Thailand. Known for its limestone cliffs, clear waters, and beautiful beaches, Krabi is a great destination for couples on a budget. There are plenty of cheap but cozy accommodations available, which offer some of the best views of the ocean. You and your partner can take a day trip to the famous Phi Phi Island, take a long-tail boat to Railay Beach or take part in exciting activities such as rock climbing.
Santorini is a small yet stunningly beautiful island located in the Aegean Sea. It is one of the most popular destinations in Greece and has plenty of secluded coves and hidden beaches that are ideal for sunbathing and swimming. In addition, stunning sunsets in Oia attract a lot of visitors. The island has a wide range of affordable accommodations and restaurants, especially during the off-season.
Siem Reap, Cambodia
Siem Reap is a small town in Cambodia that is home to the world-famous UNESCO heritage site of Angkor Wat, which is one of the most romantic places in Asia. The town is full of affordable and charming boutique hotels that offer a perfect blend of luxury and romance. Various day trips can be taken to nearby temples and local villages where you can experience the ancient Khmer culture. Also, you can try authentic Cambodian cuisine that is both delicious and affordable.
In conclusion, these are some of the cheap but dreamy destinations that one can visit with their partner. All of these destinations offer beautiful landscapes, romantic scenery, and an array of activities, all at affordable prices. You don’t have to break the bank to keep the sparks alive, look beyond the popular destinations, and you will be surprised to find so many hidden gems that guarantee an unforgettable trip for two.
– Love on a Shoestring: Budget-Friendly Ideas for Romantic Escapes
Romantic escapes are the perfect way to spend time together with your partner, but it can get costly. However, budget constraints should not stop you from having a wonderful and intimate experience with your loved one. There are plenty of budget-friendly options available. Below are some ideas that won’t break the bank but still create an unforgettable romantic getaway.
1. Staycation – Have you ever thought about a staycation? It’s a perfect way to escape without going far. A staycation is budget-friendly and can give you the chance to relax in your own space. You can spend the day exploring your city, trying new foods, and enjoying some quality time with your loved one.
2. Camping – Camping is a great option for the couple who loves the outdoors. It is not only budget-friendly but also provides an opportunity to disconnect from technology and the world. Make sure to pack some blankets, food, and make a list of activities like hiking or swimming to enjoy the beautiful outdoors.
3. Picnic – A picnic is another affordable and romantic option to escape for a day or two. You could pack a picnic basket with some of your favorite foods and drinks and enjoy the scenery around you, whether it’s a park, beach, or a hilltop.
4. Road Trip – A road trip is the perfect way to disconnect from the daily routine and bond with your partner. It’s cost-effective and allows you to explore new areas and create memories that will last a lifetime. Make sure you pack essentials like snacks, drinks, and a map or GPS to make the most of your trip.
5. Bed and Breakfast – A bed and breakfast is a romantic and budget-friendly option. You can choose a location that’s outside your town or city and enjoy a peaceful and intimate atmosphere. Most bed and breakfast inns come equipped with comfortable and cozy rooms, complimentary breakfast, and a friendly ambiance that will make you feel like home.
In conclusion, there are plenty of ways to enjoy a romantic escape without draining your wallet. Whether you choose to stay in your hometown or explore new places, remember that spending quality time with your loved one is more important than the price tag.
– From Beaches to Mountains: The Best Low-Cost Getaways for Lovebirds
Beach getaways are always fun, but a mountain escape can add a touch of romance to your vacation. If you are looking for an affordable getaway with your partner, here are some of the best low-cost getaways for lovebirds.
1. Mount Hood, Oregon
Mount Hood is a perfect destination if you want to enjoy the beautiful mountains without breaking the bank. Located just 60 miles east of Portland, Mount Hood offers a wide range of romantic activities, such as hiking, skiing, and snowboarding. You can also enjoy the cozy cabins, hot tubs, and fireplaces in the nearby lodges.
2. Lake Tahoe, California
Lake Tahoe is a romantic destination throughout the year, with its stunning scenery and serene atmosphere. In the winter, Lake Tahoe is perfect for skiing and snowboarding, while in the summer, you can enjoy hiking, swimming, and kayaking. You can find plenty of affordable cabins and lodges around the lake for your stay.
3. Asheville, North Carolina
Asheville is the perfect blend of mountain charm and city life. You can find everything in Asheville, from vibrant downtown streets to breathtaking mountain views. You can explore the famous Biltmore Estate, take a romantic hike through the Blue Ridge Mountains, or try some of the unique local cuisine.
For a classic New England getaway, Vermont is the perfect destination for lovebirds. With its charming small towns, covered bridges, and stunning foliage, Vermont offers an idyllic setting for a romantic getaway. You can stay in a cozy inn or bed and breakfast and explore the beautiful countryside at your leisure.
5. Sedona, Arizona
If you want to enjoy a mountain getaway with a touch of spirituality, Sedona is the perfect destination. With its stunning red rock formations and clear blue skies, Sedona is a haven for nature lovers. You can explore the nearby hiking trails, take a guided yoga class, or enjoy a couples massage in one of the many spas in the area.
These are just a few of the best low-cost getaways for lovebirds. Whether you prefer the beach or the mountains, there are plenty of romantic destinations around the country that won’t break the bank. So, pack your bags, grab your sweetheart, and start planning your next romantic adventure.
– Cheap Thrills and Big Romance: Top Affordable Spots for Couples
Affordable vacation spots for couples that are big on romance and fun are not as hard to come by as you might think. There are plenty of destinations around the world that offer all the requisite ingredients for a memorable trip without breaking the bank. Whether you’re looking for pristine beaches, quaint towns, stunning landscapes, or vibrant cities, here are some top spots to consider for a affordable couples vacation.
1. Bali: With its unique culture, world-class beaches, and rich heritage, Bali is undoubtedly one of the best destinations for couples on a budget. From the beautiful rice paddies and traditional villages to the stunning temples and lush greenery, there is plenty to explore on the Island of the Gods. The island also has a reputation for having some of the most affordable accommodation options in the world, which means couples can easily save money on their trip without sacrificing comfort.
2. Cancun, Mexico: If you’re looking for a tropical getaway with ample opportunities for romance and adventure, Cancun is a top choice. This vibrant city on the Caribbean Sea boasts some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, along with plenty of outdoor activities, from snorkeling and scuba diving to zip-lining and horseback riding. With an abundance of affordable all-inclusive resorts, you won’t have to worry about blowing your budget on food and drinks.
3. Siem Reap, Cambodia: For couples who love exploring ancient history and breathtaking scenery, Siem Reap in Cambodia is a budget-friendly destination that will knock your socks off. The city serves as the gateway to the UNESCO-listed Angkor Wat, which is the world’s largest religious monument and a true marvel of human ingenuity. There are plenty of other temples and ruins to explore in the area, as well as bustling markets and delightful cafes that serve up delicious local cuisine.
4. Santorini, Greece: With its iconic white-washed buildings, blue domed churches, and stunning views of the Aegean Sea, Santorini is arguably one of the most romantic destinations in the world. While the island has a reputation for being expensive, there are plenty of budget-friendly options for couples who want to experience all the charm of this mesmerizing Greek island. From affordable hotels and tavernas to stunning hikes and walks, you can have a fabulous time without breaking the bank.
5. Lisbon, Portugal: This vibrant capital city offers endless opportunities for couples on a budget to soak up the charm and culture of this beautiful country. With its historic neighborhoods, colorful houses, stunning views, and delicious food, Lisbon has something for everyone. The city is also incredibly affordable compared to other European destinations, which means couples can enjoy all the city has to offer without worrying about their bank account.
Whatever your budget and interests, there is a destination out there for you to explore with your loved one. By picking one of these affordable romantic spots, you can create memories that will last a lifetime without emptying your pockets.
– Making Romance Work on a Budget: Cozy and Affordable Getaways for Two
1. Secluded Cabins:
If you’re looking for ultimate privacy and peacefulness, booking a cabin is a fantastic idea for a romantic getaway. Cabins will provide you with the perfect escape from your daily routine. You’ll be hidden away among the trees, surrounded by nature, and enjoying a cozy space with your significant other. Best of all, cabins can be surprisingly inexpensive. Renting a cabin, whether in the mountains or near a lake, can be a fantastic and low-priced way to get away.
If you’re both outdoor enthusiasts, camping can be a fantastic way to get away rustically without spending a lot of money. Camping out beneath the stars would let you both enjoy the fact that you’re in the middle of nowhere, doing just what you love while spending quality time with each other. With campsites ranging from secluded and primitive to more developed with electrical and water hook-ups, there’s something for everyone.
3. Visit the Nearest State Park:
For a romantic weekend without spending a lot, a state park is an ideal location. Whatever state you live in, you almost certainly have a state park nearby. You can take a hike together, get some exercise, and take in the scenic views. Many parks provide overnight accommodation that is both affordable and lovely, such as cabins or yurts. Take one of the guided historical tours or schedule a guided hike to learn more about the park’s history, flora, and fauna.
4. Wine-Tasting Getaway:
You can explore wine country on a budget if you are a wine lover. Go wine tasting in a nearby region where you are legally permitted to do so. Talk to vineyard representatives and take wine tours to discover more about the vines and the process of winemaking. Many wineries have tasting rooms with lovely views of the surrounding landscapes, so select one that fits your budget.
5. Beach Rental:
Booking a rental near the beach is a fantastic budget-friendly option for a romantic getaway. A vacation home located by the shore would offer the perfect views of the ocean. You can both take walks by the beach, watch the sunset, and simply enjoy being together. Spend your afternoons sunbathing on the white sandy beaches, dine at one of the exquisite beachfront restaurants, or visit the nearby attractions. You can effortlessly find comfortable and economically friendly rentals on the internet via popular airbnb or vbro websites.
No matter what path you choose, the point is to get away from the everyday and spend some quality time together without breaking the bank. The inexpensive locations will undoubtedly provide a romantic ambiance at an affordable cost, making your couple’s getaway a memorable one.
– The Thrifty Couple’s Guide to Romantic Getaways: Finding Love without Breaking the Bank
Choosing a romantic getaway without breaking the bank can be challenging, but it’s not impossible. The key is to plan ahead and find destinations and activities that fit your budget. Here are some tips and ideas for planning an affordable yet romantic getaway with your loved one.
One way to save money on accommodation is to consider alternatives to hotels. Look for vacation rentals, Airbnb, or bed and breakfasts in the area. These options often offer better rates than hotels, and you can also find unique and charming places that add to the romantic ambiance of your trip.
If you’re looking for an outdoor adventure, consider camping. Camping is an excellent way to enjoy nature and each other’s company. It’s also a cost-effective option, especially if you already have basic camping gear. Look for campgrounds with scenic views, hiking trails, and nearby attractions.
Another way to save money is to choose a destination that’s within driving distance. Road trips can be fun and romantic, and you’ll save money on airfare and rental cars. Pack a picnic, stop at scenic viewpoints along the way, and enjoy the journey as much as the destination.
When it comes to activities, look for free or low-cost options. Check out local museums, parks, and events. If you’re near the beach, take a romantic stroll along the shoreline or watch the sunset together. You can also plan a romantic picnic or candlelit dinner in your accommodation.
Ultimately, the key to an affordable yet romantic getaway is to focus on the experience, not the cost. With a little creativity and planning, you can create memorable experiences that will last a lifetime while still staying within your budget.
Questions People Also Ask:
Q1. What are the best vacation destinations for couples on a budget?
A1. There are many budget-friendly vacation destinations that couples can enjoy without breaking the bank. Some of the best options include Bali, Thailand, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica. These places offer affordable accommodation, food, and activities that cater to couples’ interests.
Q2. What are the top affordable activities for couples on vacation?
A2. Couples on a budget can indulge in many affordable activities, such as hiking and biking, touring local museums and galleries, visiting farmers’ markets, and taking a leisurely stroll on the beach. They can also try out free activities like outdoor concerts, festivals, and city walking tours.
Q3. How can couples save money on accommodation?
A3. Couples can save money on accommodation by choosing vacation rentals, camping, or opting for hostels instead of staying in pricey hotels. Planning in advance and booking during off-season dates is also a great way to score discounts and deals on accommodation.
Q4. Are all-inclusive resorts a good option for budget-conscious couples?
A4. All-inclusive resorts can be a great option for couples who want to splurge on a luxurious getaway without breaking the bank. These resorts offer packages that include meals, drinks, and activities, which can save a significant amount of money.
Q5. What are some budget-friendly honeymoon destinations that couples can consider?
A5. Some of the most affordable honeymoon destinations for couples include Thailand, Bali, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Greece. These places offer a serene and romantic atmosphere that will make a couple’s honeymoon special and memorable.
Q6. Are there any hidden costs that couples should be aware of when planning a budget-friendly vacation?
A6. Yes, there are a few hidden costs that couples should be aware of when planning a budget-friendly vacation. These include transportation costs (e.g. rental cars, taxis, and public transport), tourist taxes, and extra fees for certain activities and attractions.
Q7. How can couples save money on food while on vacation?
A7. Couples can save money on food while on vacation by choosing affordable dining options, such as street food and local markets, instead of expensive restaurants. They can also opt to cook their meals, especially if they are staying in a vacation rental that has a kitchen. Planning meals in advance and packing snacks for day trips can also help to cut down on food costs.
- The Thrifty Couple’s Guide to Romantic Getaways:
- Provides tips and tricks for couples to plan romantic getaways on a budget
- Suggests alternative and less expensive destinations for romantic trips
- Gives advice on how to find deals and discounts on travel and accommodations
- Encourages creativity and unique ideas for romance on a budget
- Emphasizes the importance of communication and compromise in planning a budget-friendly romantic trip
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Meet Sarah Johnson, a passionate writer based in Arizona who has been crafting compelling content for Digital Arizona News for the past two years. With a degree in journalism and a background in marketing, Sarah brings a unique perspective to her writing, blending the art of storytelling with an eye for detail and a knack for crafting SEO-friendly copy. Her work covers a wide range of topics, from breaking news and politics to lifestyle and entertainment, always striving to inform and engage readers with her writing. In her free time, Sarah enjoys hiking in the beautiful Arizona mountains and exploring the local food scene.

domain: travel


California Dept of Public Health criticises, university backs down
The University of California, Berkeley will
not release personal genetic information to incoming students who participated
in an orientation program about genetics. The program “Bring Your Genes to Cal”
was criticised by the California Department of Public Health because state law
prohibits gene testing outside a medical setting.
Mark Schlissel, dean of biological
sciences, said he disagreed with the department’s ruling that advance approval
for testing was required from physicians, and that the testing should be done
in clinical labs with special licences rather than by university technicians.
He also argued that the project should be exempted from the state rules because
it was an educational exercise.
Privacy advocates and ethicists had criticised
the test as a disturbing use of genetic data. Some students felt that they were
being quietly coerced into participating, and that their saliva samples and
resulting personal information would not be sufficiently protected. ~ LA Times,
- How long can you put off seeing the doctor because of lockdowns? - December 3, 2021
- House of Lords debates assisted suicide—again - October 28, 2021
- Spanish government tries to restrict conscientious objection - October 28, 2021


text:
Veteran R&B singer LeToya Luckett has just released the brand new single “Feeling”. The singer recently previewed the song on the show TI and Tiny: Friends and Family Hustle on which she’s been appearing on this year. During a segment on the show, Monica and LeToya both played new music from their upcoming albums for each other.
This is the first new single that LeToya has released since getting married and welcoming her first child with her husband.
LeToya is currently working on her fourth studio album. This will be her first project since the release of “Back 2 Life” in 2017.
Yes LeToya!! Love this new single. She sounds great and the beat bumps. Bringing back that good R&B into 2019!!! This give me “Torn” and “She Don’t” vibes already. Been on repeat all day. So glad she’s back!
Finally Let’s go Toya

domain: entertainment


text:
“1968 - An Occupation Of The Kammerspiele” back on March 12-14 at 8 pm at the Kammer 1
During Peter Stein’s staging of Peter Weiss’ “Viet Nam Discourse” in the Münchner Kammerspiele in 1968, actors collected money for weapon donations to the Vietcong, resulting in a scandal and the production’s imminent cancellation by the director August Everding. Fifty years on, the Kammerspiele invites artists to engage in the topics and issues of the turbulent ’68 period from a contemporary and subjective perspective. The end result will be a range of contributions ranging from the past to the present and the future, all of which take seriously the controversial legacy of 1968.
An act of political theatre, a risk, an experiment by and with all those who want to shape the world with the power of their art. In response to the AFD Chairman Jörg Meuthen’s demands that we must “get away from the contaminated left red-green, filthy Germany of the 68ers,” the Kammerspiele quotes Jean-Paul Sartre: “LET IMAGINATION TAKE POWER.” NOW.
For more information about the play and its cast and crew please visit our homepage.

domain: artistic


text:
Packing range(bag size)
Width 100-200mm, Length 100-300mm
30-50 bag/min (speed depends on filling product &weight)
Stand-up bag,Flat bag, paper bag,composite material etc.
Compressed Air Consumption
3 Phase 380V 50HZ/60HZ
1.According to the customer request,provides the special design.
2.The machine disposition may make the choice.
Single head spout bags filling machine pneumatic filler without vertical hopper is widely used for breakfast, soy milk, beverages, alcohol, daily chemical, edible oil, pharmaceutical and chemical products ,and especially for thick products filling,like honey,sauce,and other fruit pulp.

domain: food


text:
Quote from Cdm98
In the End.
"If we were to play SkyBlock in hardcore, Trevor would die in the first 5 minutes! We would live until we die of old age!" ~rball99
i love pancake at the disco. i love their song "I like skin now marry me" and brendon theory is so hot


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MONTREAL, FEBRUARY 15, 2011 -The Fall/winter 2011 collection of Melissa Nepton stays true to the designer style, presenting simple pieces and great cut.
The collection was all about comfy coats, cozy tunics, and enveloping flowy cape, all paired with leggings. She presented stunning suits, which her business woman-market will appreciate for sure. The palette used this time stays in neutral, with colors such as beige, off-white, gray or black that softly coloured her classic pieces.
Elegance, movement and fluidity were key words for the collection. The garments were all femininely falling on models’ body; but everything seemed controlled, every fabrics ‘movement seems calculated while flowing with models ‘walk. As Nepton described her influences as “Ice Queen meets bohemian chic” it made it clear to us: the collection was effectively chic, bohemian, but maybe a little too cold. Wool gave casualness to the looks and brought some heat and comfort; but it wasn’t enough. Even with a great look, the whole collection seemed cold; there was no story related to the clothes. Maybe the models’ barely-there make up did not help us to connect with them; they looked too delicate and too fragile for the garments they were wearing. We missed the emotions. We would have like to see a more empowered woman wearing such designs. Even Ice Queen should have melted in these clothes.
Overall, Nepton made a great job. She presented a very marketable collection; we just wish she’ll give more of herself in her next collection.
Here some of the best looks from Melissa Nepton’s Fall/Winter collection, presented on February 8.
Photos: Jimmy Hamelin
Credits: Sensation Mode

domain: design


text:
2017 - St. Paul, Minnesota - Make & Take List
Wait until you see all the different Make & Takes on the Exhibit Floor! Make & Takes are one of the things that have made our EXPOs Famous, and keep many of you coming back year after year. Sit down and try out all the latest and most popular products. Even better than actually creating a hands-on project is the face that with many of the Make & Takes, you will have something finished and ready to put in your album when you get home.
|Art Impressions||FREE||Stop by our booth to learn a new cardmaking technique featuring our NEWEST products! We have a different Make & Take every day! On one day, frame one of our Windows to the World images with our NEW 3-D Frame Die for an adorable table-top display! Assemble an accordion-style card with one of our new Mini TryFold images on the other day!|
|Art Impressions||FREE||Stop by our booth to learn a new cardmaking technique featuring our NEWEST products!|
|Close To My Heart - Jillene Moen||$5.00||Learn to Create Interactive, funky flip flap layouts. We promise you'll love them!|
|Scrap That!||$2.00||Stop by their booth and see what they have in store.|
|Tessler Stamps - Stencils Co.||$3.00||Stop by their booth and see what they have in store.|

domain: hobby


text:
Originally Posted by RobertJSawyer
Thanks for the kind words about FlashForward
Most innovative story that actually made it to TV in years (maybe ever), brief as it turned out to be. I was surprised that I hadn't encountered the novel before I saw it on TV - I used to have time to read everything from Canadian SF authors. Thanks for the story.

domain: literature


text:
More About MEGHANISM
Visit My SparkPage Send Me SparkMail
Recipes I've Shared:
My mom's famous vegan eggplant parmesean. Simple and delicious! Non-vegans will just assume you're using a very low-fat mozzarella. Add chilis to your tomato sauce if you like some spice. You can also use canned tomato sauce and pre-packaged breadcrumbs if you are short on time. Just make sure to take the differences in the nutritional information into account!


Alice's Restaurant is the debut album by Arlo Guthrie released in September 1967 by Reprise Records. It features one of his most famous songs, "Alice's Restaurant Massacree". A steady seller, the album peaked at on the Billboard 200 album chart on the week of March 2, 1968. In 1996, Guthrie recorded the same material live for the album Alice's Restaurant: The Massacree Revisited. All tracks written by Arlo Guthrie. Arlo Guthrie – vocals, guitar.
For Once in My Life is the ninth (tenth overall) studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder on Motown Records, released in November 1968. Then eighteen years old, Wonder had established himself as one of Motown's consistent hit-makers. This album continued Wonder's growth as a vocalist, songwriter and producer. It featured songs like the title track, Da-Day" and the modest hits "I Don't Know Why" and "You Met Your Match".
Alice's Restaurant is a 1969 American comedy film directed by Arthur Penn. It is an adaptation of the 1967 folk song "Alice's Restaurant Massacree", originally written and sung by Arlo Guthrie. Penn, who resided in the story's setting of Stockbridge, Massachusetts, co-wrote the story with Venable Herndon in 1967 after hearing the song, shortly after directing Bonnie & Clyde.
For Once in My Life" is a swing song written by Ron Miller and Orlando Murden for Motown Records' Stein & Van Stock publishing company, and first recorded in 1965. It was written and first recorded as a slow ballad.
Tip: All of your saved places can be found here in My Trips.
Now it all started two Thanksgivings ago, was on - two years ago on Thanksgiving, when my friend and I went up to visit Alice at the restaurant, but Alice doesn't live in the restaurant, she lives in the church nearby the restaurant, in the bell-tower, with her husband Ray and Fasha the dog. And livin' in the bell tower like that, they got a lot of room downstairs where the pews used to be. An' havin' all that room, seein' as how they took out all the pews, they decided that they didn't have to take out their garbage for a long time. We got up there, we found all. I wanna, I wanna see, I wanna see blood and gore and guts and veins in my teeth. Eat dead burnt bodies. I mean kill, kill, kill, kill.
|B||For Once In My Life||2:56|
|HTE-100||Herb Newman & Co.*||Alice's Restaurant / For Once In My Life (7")||ERA Records, Happy Tiger Records||HTE-100||US||1969|


ERCO Ercoupe — classic and a beauty
Fred Weick’s timeless aircraft design, manufactured by ERCO as the Ercoupe, this one was made in 1946 — but looks modern today. Weick did his best to reduce pilot error induced fatalities by making the Ercoupe as stall proof and spin proof as possible. This was done by limiting up elevator deflection as well as coordinating the rudder with the control wheel. It was novel to have tricycle gear back in the day, as well, but made for better ground handling and less tasking landings.


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Fairfield Inn Boston Woburn/Burlington42.50294, -71.13614
ex. Fairfield Inn Boston Woburn
Located in the museum district, Fairfield Inn Boston Woburn offers non-smoking rooms as well as an outdoor swimming pool and a tennis court. The hotel was opened in 1980, renovated in 2008 and is housed in a 5-storey building.
A short distance to a subway station enables you to get to Harvard Square and Logan Park in no time. The property is set a 30-minute stroll from Woburn center.
Mishawum train station is swiftly reachable. The hotel is located within 20 km distance of Logan International airport.
This business hotel comprises of rooms like king room and queen room with luxurious decor and such comforts as satellite TV, wireless internet, a laptop safe, a kitchen and ironing facilities. They also include bathrooms with a bathtub, a shower and a hairdryer.
Eat & Drink
In the morning a deluxe continental breakfast is served. Guests can enjoy Chinese and American cuisine at China Pearl Dim Sum & Restaurant located fairly close to the property.
Fairfield Inn Boston Woburn features such facilities as a safety deposit box, a vending machine and a newspaper stand.
The hotel offers a gym and a fitness centre available on site.
Wireless internet is available in the entire hotel for free.
Public parking is possible on site for free.
Year renovated: 2008. Number of floors: 5. Number of rooms: 129.
On-site car park
Outdoor swimming pool
Spa & wellness centre
Sports & Fitness
- Fitness centre
- Tennis court
- Room service
- Car rental
- Self-service laundry
- Dry cleaning
- Tours/Ticket assistance
- Limousine service
- Wake up service
- Shops/Commercial services
- Newspaper service
- Free American breakfast
- Continental breakfast
- Restaurant buffet
- Business centre
- Meeting/ Banquet facilities
- Babysitting/Child services
Spa & Leisure
- Outdoor swimming pool
- Spa & wellness centre
- Air conditioning
- Sitting area
- Tea and coffee facilities
- Ironing facilities
- Rollaway beds
- Hair dryer
- Internet television
- Direct dial telephone
- AM/FM alarm clock
Rooms and availability
2 Double beds2 Double beds, 1 Queen-size bed
In the Room
1 King-size bed
1 King-size bed
- City landmarks
The location was perfect to visit Boston and Salem. The breakfast was nice and one less thing to worry about. We would stay here again.
The breakfast was very good and there was a small shopping mall close.
The hotel is being remodeled..
The staff was very polite and accommodating.
The pool wasn't open and the building was being renovated.
Room was very front desk agent very nice overall exoerience was very pleasing
Mattress maybe a little worn out should be replaced
Beds were comfortable and staff were very friendly!
Getting woken up at midnight by the people next door. Wall was paper thin and it was like the guy was in our room talking loud right at us. Called to change rooms but was told it was sold out. The feint desk called the room and asked them to be quiet and they were after that but I could not get back to sleep. This left a negative effect on my opinion.
Quiet and very nice staff
Hot water in shower took long time to get hot
Excellent proximity to landmarks and family friends!
everything's too old
The hotel had great access to the general area and fit my needs to visit family and friends .
Hotel was under construction which caused a minor noise issue . I was placed in a handicap room and am not handicapped , no closets , no suitcase rack ! Also no fitness center !
The staff was very nice and accommodating!
Very comfortable and clean great breakfast
Booked.nete charge lower price right after I booked the room
Free breakfast, free parking, took us 20 mins to get into Boston with the car.
Construction on the 5th floor so it was loud between 9-5 but they did let us know ahead of time.
The staff was friendly & helpful. They were very pleasant, friendly, & helpful. The breakfast & cleaning staff offered my wife lunch as she was waiting for me to return from a business meeting.
The facility needs updating which we understand is being planned.
Nie breakfast and very clean room. Boston is nog that far off, but a Car is very useful. Nice restaurants and entertainment in the vicinity of this hotel. Very nice people at reception
Nog enough room in breakfast area.
The night we spent there was quiet. More than expected. The room was relatively clean and smelled good. There was no too much dust which is a plus since I have allergies. The receptionists were kind and polite. We arrived about 75 minutes earlier and they allowed us to occupy our room upon arrival which is super nice.
1.- The housekeeping staff outside our bedroom kept talking so loud I could recite the woman's life in a memoir, my husband try to nap but it was impossible given the loudness of the staff. 2.- My staying came with breakfast which is always a plus, unfortunately the buffet did not offer healthy choices other than fruit packed with syrup. We came down a little after 8 and there was an army of collage youngsters that were devouring the food like there's was no tomorrow. They even were pushing you off the line. And it wasn't too much variety either. 3.- The fridge in our room was more like a warmer. It was pretty noisy and since our leftovers from dinner were spoiled thanks to the little fridge we can say that perhaps the management should update their electronics. Our set of sheets were stained and it was a bit dusty which made me sneeze for a while.


Rich Harden's Tuesday start was postponed by rain, and he was originally scheduled to go Sunday in the series finale against the Florida Marlins. He started Wednesday's night game and threw 92 pitches over five innings.
"I can't bring Harden back on short rest, but I can bring [Jason] Marquis back possibly," Piniella said about his options for Sunday. "By [Marquis] pitching the day game, it gives him a little longer time. If not, we'll either pitch Samardzija or pitch Marshall."
Marquis was willing to work on short rest.
"I would love to go Sunday," Marquis said. "I've done it numerous times in my career. I feel comfortable doing that. I work hard between starts, so I'll be able to do stuff like that."
Instead, it's Marshall, who did pitch one inning in relief on Wednesday. The left-hander has made three starts for the Cubs this year and is the long man in the bullpen.
Samardzija's longest outing so far is 2 1/3 innings against Pittsburgh on Aug. 3, which also was the most pitches he's thrown (40) in his eight outings so far with the big league team. In his last appearance on Sunday, he threw eight pitches.
"Like I said when I first got here, I just want to come in and throw whenever they want to give me a shot and take it as far as I can take it," said Samardzija, when told before Wednesday's twin bill that he had a shot at a start. "I'll just try to throw a lot of strikes and get some early action. Obviously, with the doubleheader, someone's going to have to fill in. ... I'm ready for anything. My arm feels good and has felt good ever since I've been here."
Because he has thrown almost every other day, Samardzija said his arm is still strong.
"You're still using your arm as much as if you're starting," he said. "As long as there's rest, I think it'll be fine."
If Samardzija had gotten the call, he would be rid of the pink backpack, at least for one day. The reliever with the least amount of service time carries it to the bullpen for each game.
"That would be a big plus," Samardzija said, laughing. "I've grown to hate it more and more every day, but it's all for fun. It does serve a great purpose -- there's a lot of good snacks and Red Bull. But it's an ugly backpack."
As far as hazing goes, it's pretty minimal.
"I'm sure [if I was in the NFL], I'd be tied to a goalpost and I'm sure this [hair] wouldn't be here," he said.
He's gotten plenty of attention from national media as he makes the conversion from All-America record-setting wide receiver at Notre Dame to Major League pitcher.
"When I don't have to answer football questions any more, I'll be a happy dude," he said. "That's what I'm working on now. Every inning I go out there -- every quick inning that I get outs and get back in the dugout will help."
It's been quite a ride for the right-hander, who began this season at Double-A Tennessee.
"I'm just trying to go with it, talking to guys as much as possible, soaking up as much as I can," he said. "I think we'll look back on it when the season's over. We'll worry about this right now and then take a deep breath, and when the season is over say, 'Wow, this was pretty crazy.'"


text:
What does virtual clinic mean?
A virtual clinic is a platform for clinical consultation, medical advice, and remote treatment planning through digital platforms like computers, tablets or smartphones.
How do I set up a virtual clinic?
To set up a virtual clinic, first click on the ‘Register a Clinic’ button on the login screen and complete the steps shown in the registration process. These steps would include providing us with information related to your practice so we can ensure your eligibility as a registered health practitioner. Patients will be able to connect with you based on your stated specialty.
Can a virtual doctor prescribe medicines through the hiCare Clinic platform?
Yes, hiCare Clinic has an e-prescription feature that enable practitioners to remotely issue prescriptions to their patients. This feature is only available for the enterprise version in the US.
Does Medicare pay for virtual doctor visits? How do you bill these virtual visits?
Yes, providers will be reimbursed by CMS for virtual visits. You can use remote patient monitoring CPT codes to bill for e-visits. Contact us by emailing firstname.lastname@example.org to know more about CPT codes and which CPT codes you can utilize.
Can hiCare Clinic be integrated with existing EMR/EHRs?
Yes, hiCare Clinic can be integrated with existing EMR/EHRs. Contact us at email@example.com to know more about integrations with existing EMR/EHRs.
Is hiCare Clinic open to all providers from various medical specialties?
Yes, hiCare Clinic caters to all types of providers including medical physicians, dentists, psychiatrists, psychologists and veterinarians, among others.
Will hiCare Clinic continue to develop in the future?
Yes, hiCare Clinic is a solution developed for the new age digital healthcare era. We are constantly looking to upgrade and improve our platform so as to make it easier for providers to grow and conduct telehealth services with ease in a more efficient manner.
Who is hiCare Clinic for?
hiCare Clinic is meant for hospitals, clinics, and health practitioners to connect with patients remotely, in real time.
Is hiCare Clinic recommended for emergencies?
No, you should not use hiCare Clinic in case of a medical emergency.
*For emergencies, you should call 911 or your local emergency hotline*
hiCare Clinic is meant to be used to connect patients and providers remotely for scheduled tele-consultations.
We recommend using the platform for safe and contact free consultations for contagious infections like COVID-19.
As a provider, do I need to be tech savvy to use hiCare Clinic?
No, our mission is to create a platform which is easy to use and simple yet sophisticated enough to serve all possible needs. This is to ensure anyone, from providers to patients can use it with ease. If you are facing difficulties with something, we are here to help guide you through the whole process. Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org if you need further help with something.
Do you provide technical support and maintenance?
If you need help with technical support, maintenance, or have any questions or concerns, please feel free to email us at email@example.com anytime, and we will respond to you in 12-24 hours.
Does hiCare Clinic provide me with new patients?
No, at the moment, hiCare Clinic does not provide you with new patients, however, we are looking to add new patients to our platform in the near future and connect them with registered practitioners on the platform. As of now, you can use hiCare Clinic as a tool to remotely connect with your current patients.
Is hiCare Clinic platform really FREE for physicians?
Yes, given the need for digital healthcare in lieu of the COVID-19 outbreak, we are providing our platform for FREE. This will ensure that eligible physicians have a platform to safely treat patients at their convenience and help reduce the number of transmissions.
By using our platform, physicians can reduce potential COVID-19 exposure for those looking to address non-urgent care needs.
What type of payment does hiCare Clinic accept?
We accept all major credit cards, as well as Google and Apple Pay.
Is Hifinite’s hiCare Clinic platform HIPAA compliant?
Yes. At Hifinite, we consider data security and privacy very seriously. Hifinite’s hiCare Clinic platform is HIPAA compliant and we do periodic HIPAA audits to ensure compliance.
Do I have to host any machines or hire an IT staff to deploy or manage the hiCare Clinic platform application?
No. Hifinite's hiCare Clinic platform manages the entire application on the cloud, which means no servers, no IT staff, no support headaches for you as a client. We provide a toll-free number for you to access our reliable and courteous staff.
Which mobile device does hiCare Clinic platform support?
hiCare Clinic platform supports iOS and Android devices. iPads/iPhones and Samsung/LG/HTC/Google devices are supported.
Which browser can I access hiCare Clinic platform from?
hiCare Clinic platform is recommended to be run on Google Chrome. However, most of the features may work on the following browsers as well - Apple Safari, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Microsoft Edge.
How do I schedule a telemedicine appointment?
hiCare Clinic platform allows you to schedule an appointment directly with the provider, without having to talk to someone on the phone. Your ability to see the doctor will depend on the availability of the doctor. You will appreciate the convenience the app offers.
Are video sessions recorded and/or stored?
No. Sessions are not recorded or saved.
How do I enable e-prescription for my clinic?
E-prescription is currently only available for the US based enterprise clients. Check with your system administrator if the feature is available for your clinic. If it is, click your profile icon on the upper right-hand corner > View Profile > Edit Personal Info > switch the toggle button under Settings and provide information on the succeeding screens.
How do I prepare a summary after consulting with my patient?
From the Left-Hand Side menu, click on Schedule > History and look for the consultation that you want to work on and click ‘Add Summary’.
Is there a report that I can view how many consultations I already made?
Yes. Click your Profile icon on the upper right-hand corner of the screen > Revenue and generate the report.
How do my patients access the summary after a consultation?
Yes. From the Left-Hand Side Menu > click on Schedule > History > select the particular consultation > View Summary.

domain: medical


Frontiers [Release date 10.11.14] www.frontiers.it
With a name that hints at glam or sleaze rock, Sweden’s Crazy Lixx are much more than that and deliver decent, polished melodic rock on fourth album “Crazy Lixx”. The album builds upon the path carved out by its predecessors and should help enhance the band’s popularity even further.
Whereas the band’s 2012 album “Riot Avenue” was described by myself as a mix of classic Motley Crue, Skid Row’s debut, old LA Guns and early Guns N Roses this time Crazy Lixx have taken their sound further and you can now hear the likes of White Lion, Firehouse and maybe even Danger Danger in a more melodic and, dare I say it, more mature sounding mix of influences.
“Hell Raising Women” opens the album in style and throughout vocalist and producer Danny Rexon has done a sterling job (with the album being mixed by Chris Laney). “Sound of The Loud Minority” would have made a great album title, “Girls Of The ‘80’s”- all I can say is ah, I remember it well.
To be fair there isn’t a weak moment on “Crazy Lixx”, however, I would recommend those tracks already mentioned, along with “Outlaw”, “All Looks, No Hooks”, “Wrecking Ball Crew” and “Call To Action” as the ideal starting place.
With this latest album Crazy Lixx have set the bar high for their peers and will hopefully be back in the UK soon. *****
Review by Nikk Gunns
Listen in to Get Ready to ROCK! Radio…
Click the appropriate icons at the top of the page.
In this show, first broadcast on Get Ready to ROCK! Radio on 2 February 2020, David Randall plays a selection of tracks from some of the artists who impressed at this year’s Giants Of Rock event in Minehead (24-27 January).
Featured Albums w/c 17 February (Mon-Fri)
09:00-12:00 NEWMAN Ignition (AOR Heaven)
12:00-13:00 BLACK SWAN Shake The World (Frontiers)
14:00-16:00 CORMAC O CAOIMH Swim Crawl Walk Run (indie)
Power Plays w/c 17 February (Mon-Fri)
SHAKRA Turn The Light On (AFM Records)
THE NIGHT FLIGHT ORCHESTRA Transmissions (Nuclear Blast)
RYDERS CREED Lost Soul (Off Yer Rocka Recordings)
FRAMING HANLEY Puzzle Pieces (Thermal Entertainment LLC)
ROBERT HART Mysterious (Escape Music)
Tweets by Get Ready to ROCK!


text:
BERLIN – The city’s share of the 2013 Coos County tax bill will drop by $129,230 because of the higher valuations assessed to the unincorporated places of Millsfield and Dixville.
Coos County is engaged in a legal battle over the N.H. Department of Revenue Administration’s appraisal of the Granite Reliable Power’s wind farm in the two unincorporated places. DRA appraised the wind farm last year at $228 million. Coos County officials argue the county was told back in 2007 when it negotiated a payment in lieu of taxes agreement with GRP that the appraisal would be $113 million.
The higher valuation for the wind park has resulted in the two unincorporated places picking up a higher percentage of the county’s overall tax burden. The result is many other communities have seen decreases because Dixville and Millsfield are paying more.
When the council approved the city’s fiscal 2014 budget in June, the city anticipated its share of the 2013 county tax burden would increase $20,000 to $1,685,902. But as a result of the N.H. Board of Tax and Land Appeal decision upholding the DRA valuation of the wind park, the city will actually pay $1,555,772 according to the DRA’s 2013 Coos County apportionment.
Millsfield’s share of the county tax, however, will increase by $844,807 – from $32,138 to $876,945. Millsfield will pay just over six percent of the county tax.
Dixville’s share of the county tax increases from just over half a percent to 1.8 percent or from $83,503 to $264,788.
Coos County officials have pledged to protect taxpayers in Millsfield and Dixville from a major tax increase this year by using the $495,000 PILOT payment and $334,365 in land use change tax revenues to cover their tax liability. Traditionally taxpayers in the county’s unincorporated places pay little or no property taxes because revenues cover expenses.
The wind farm tax dispute is now before the N.H. Supreme Court. But the county is working on legislation to address the issue long-term.
State Senator Jeff Woodburn (D-Dalton) said the issue is complicated because there are other PILOT agreements in the state for wind and biomass projects. He said it appears the solution for Millsfield and Dixville is for the legislature to pass a bill giving the county commissioners the authority to abate taxes in the unincorporated places. He said select boards have that authority for towns. The commissioners could then deal with taxes in Millsfield and Dixville through the abatement process.
Berlin City Manager Jim Wheeler suggested Berlin use some of the $129,230 surplus in the county tax line item to cover legal expenses. He said the city has already $25,000 over the $60,000 it budgeted for legal expenses. He said most of the legal fees have gone to defend the city in its tax dispute with Great Lakes Hydro over the valuation of the Canadian company’s hydro facilities in Berlin. He said that case is expected to go to trial next spring.
Councilor Paula Benski asked about using some of the surplus to reduce taxes.
Mayor Paul Grenier said he would rather use the money to cover legal fees and retain the rest because he believes the reduction is a one-time event and next year the city’s tax payment will increase.
“There’s going to be a legislative fix,” he said.
To avoid a whipsaw effect in the tax rate, Grenier said recommended reserving the money until the end of the fiscal year.
“I want to protect the taxpayers next year,” he said.
Grenier said Berlin is just one of many communities across the state battling with large utility owners over valuation of such assets. He said it’s a tough battle but one that “communities have to sit and fight”.
|Wind Watch relies entirely
on User Funding

domain: news


text:
HOSHANA RABBA - THE CALL OF THE YEARNING WILLOW
Rabbi Yisroel Greenwald
BREAKING THE BARRIERS
Hoshana Rabba, the seventh day of the Sukkos festival, is filled with customs of both beauty and mystery. The Torah does not refer to it as a day of rest; in our prayers we nonetheless recite some of the passages reserved for major festival days. In addition, this day also climaxes with the ritual of the hoshana (willow). During the Temple period, on each day of Sukkos, large boughs of willow were leaned against the mizbeach (altar) which the kohanim then encircled. On the seventh day of Sukkos, the kohanim encircled the willow-laden altar, not once, but seven times. This grand finale not only gave the day its name, Hoshana Rabba - the Great day of the willow - but as one early commentator put it, tachlis hachag - it represented the essence of the entire festival experience(1).
The midrash finds a striking parallel to the hoshana procession(2). During Yehoshua's conquest of the city of Yericho, the kohanim circled the city once a day for six days. On the seventh day, they circled the city seven times, during which the enemy's walls miraculously sunk into the ground. Similarly, Hoshana Rabba is the culmination of the period of judgment which begins on Rosh Hoshana. On this day, the last vestiges of sin which were not sufficiently atoned for during Yom Kippur are eradicated, and the Jewish people emerge triumphant in victory. We proclaim our jubilation over the destruction of the wall of sin, which formed a barrier to our soul. We recite the festival prayers and wave the lulav just as victors in battle shake their spears after conquering their enemy(3).
Just as walls of Yericho fell, the hoshana possesses the inherent ability to bring the forces of evil crumbling down. Rabbi Chaim of Volozhin reveals that contained in the seeds of the humble hoshana is a tangible reminder of its potent power. If you peel away the outer layer of a willow bud, you will find something which bears the likeness of a skinned and decapitated snake. The snake is a symbol of the forces of evil; the hoshana strips it of its life force(4). Even in our present exile, the Midrash assures us, our modest re-enactment of the hoshana procession retains some of the power of the original service. The shul bimah transforms into the altar, and the chazan holding the sefer Torah is akin to an angel of Hashem(5).
Hoshana Rabba not only removes the barriers of evil; it simultaneously embraces purity and goodness. Rabbi Nosson Wachsfogel zt'l, the Lakewood mashgiach, explained that Rosh Hashana is the time when we are granted access to the Kings palace. Stepping over that portal, one can behold the Kings majesty in great clarity and splendor. Yom Kippur, allows us an even closer proximity of the Kings presence. The verse states, "Before Hashem shall you be purified." (Vayikra 16:30) We are permitted to stand directly before the King himself. But Sukkos, says the Zohar, represents a still closer relationship with Hashem. The three walls of the sukka, corresponding to the human hand, arm and forearm, are a metaphor to the Divine embrace of his beloved(6).
Among the reasons given for the custom of a kallah encircling her chasan seven times under the chuppah, is that it represents the breaking of all barriers. Just as the walls of Yericho fell after being encircled seven times, so too we hope that the newly wed couple will achieve a state of oneness, with no walls dividing them. In a spiritual sense, Hoshana Rabba symbolizes the highest level of closeness between Hashem and the Jewish nation. This ultimate state of connection paves the way for the holiday of Shimini Atzeres, which symbolizes the personal and exclusive relationship between Hashem and His beloved people.
THE BLEMISHED SERVICE
To gain better insight into what gives Hoshana Rabba its remarkable ability, it is worth analyzing the participants in this enigmatic mitzva. The Gemara states simply that it was performed by blemished kohanim: the very group generally disqualified for Temple service(7) It is strange that the singled out blemished kohanim, since other categoies of disqualified kohanim also took part in the ceremony(8) Furthermore, the simple reading of the Gemara implies that the procession was composed exclusively of blemished kohanim, when in fact they were only secondary to the ordinary kohanim who served regularly(9). The answer to these questions lies in the special link that appears to emerge a link between the blemished kohein and his hoshana. Hoshana is the special service of the handicapped kohein.
The following story seems to bear this point:
Each year, Rav Hai would ascend from Bavel to Yerushalayim, in order to spend the Sukkos holiday there. On Hoshana Rabba he would encircle Har Hazasim seven times, and then those who accompanied him would recite the songs which Rav Hai had prepared. Before Rav Hai, at a distance of one hundred amos, walked kohanim dressed in capes and gold embroidered silk gowns. After another gap of one hundred amos, followed the rest of the multitude. During the procession Rav Hai was seen laughing and afterwards during the meal, he appeared in a joyous mood.
Upon the conclusion of the meal, Rav Hai was approached and asked, "Rebbi, why did you walk alone when we walked around Har Hazeisim?"
Rav Hai replied, "Each year I go up from Bavel in order that I be able to encircle Har Hazeisim on Sukkos. I purify myself for the occasion and on Hoshana Rabba, Eliyahu Hanavi accompanies me and converses with me. Therefore the assembly keep a distance both before and after me.
"I asked Eliyahu, 'When will Moshiach come?' and he responded, 'When you will encircle Har Hazeisim with the kohanim.'
"So I gathered all the Kohanim I was able to locate, to accompany me to go around, in order that may be there will be one true kohein among them. (Later) Eliyahu said to me, 'You see all the kohanim here, dressed in fancy garments and walking pridefully? None of them are from the seed of Aharon. Save for one sole straggler, who walks behind the rest, who is looked upon with contempt by the others, and is insignificant in his own eyes. He walks with tattered clothing, seeks no honor, and walks in an unassuming manner. He is lame in one leg and on his other side is blind in one eye... This one is the true kohein from the seed of Aharon.
Rav Hai then concluded, "By my life! This is why I have laughed. For among the entire group there was not a single kohein, save for that one handicapped man!"(9a)
It is not clear whether Eliyahu's rejection of the physically fit but haughty kohanim is to be taken in the literal sense or a spiritual one; that they lacked the compassion and humility which were the hallmark traits of Aharon. But one thing is certain. Though the handicapped kohein was unfit to do Temple service, his role in the hoshana circuit held the key to ultimate redemption. Had he not been scorned away to the sidelines, but rather been included in the procession, and had he not been viewed as a freak, but rather esteemed as a true seed of Aharon, Moshiach's arrival would have been imminent.
THE WILLOW - WATER CONNECTION
To further understand this concept, it is worth reflecting on another component of the hoshana mitzva - the hoshana itself. The hoshana is also part of the arba minim, the four species, used on Sukkos. The sages compare the four species to the varied strata of the Jewish people. The esrog which possess both taste and fragrance, represents the Jews who have both Torah and good deeds. The myrtle which has only fragrance, and the lulav which has no fragrance but bears fruit, represent Jews who possess one of the two aforementioned qualities. The drooping willow slumps at the bottom of the flora totem pole; it possesses neither fragrance nor fruit. They symbolize those Jews who have neither Torah scholarship nor good deeds(10).
Who are these hoshana Jews? Perhaps the hoshana symbolizes the class of Jews who desire to serve Hashem to the best of their abilities. But due to poverty, illness, or other unfortunate circumstances, were not blessed with the talents or abilities to accomplish as much as they might. While these people may consider themselves useless and superfluous, the Midrash concludes, 'Says Hakodosh Boruch Hu, "Let all [the four species] be tied together in one bundle, so they will provide atonement one for another."' No less than the species who give fragrance and fruit, the willow also has an irreplaceable quality to offer his more accomplished brethren.
What is the unique quality of the hoshana? The hoshana, also known as aravah, derives from the verse, 'Arvei nachal' - the willow of the river(11). While one fulfills the mitzva with all willow branches, regardless if they grow near river banks or not(12), the Torah describes the arava as the species with an unquenchable thirst for water and optimally thrives where water is abundance. The connection between hoshana and water is further demonstrated by the prayers recited on Hoshana Rabba. With the imminent approach of the rainy season our prayers deal primarily with the vital request for water.
Early commentators write that man's basic emotion of desire derives from the primal element of water. On a physical level, there is a strong association between water and desire; not only does man thirst for water, but even water "desires" to bond with its own elements. At the microscopic level, water molecules tend to attract each other, similarly on a global scale, "All the rivers flow into the sea," all moving bodies of water perpetually flow towards each other to unite as one(13).
The spiritual source of water's insatiable desire perhaps derives from the second day of creation, when Hashem separated between "the waters below the heavens to the waters above the heavens"(14). From that time onwards, the earthly waters possessed an irrepressible urge to join with the upper waters, so that it may bask once again in close proximity of Hashem's presence. As the Midrash says, when Hashem divided the upper and lower waters, the lower waters cried to Hashem, "Why are we different from our companions, that we were distanced from Your heavenly throne?" Hashem promised them they will become elevated through the sacrificial offerings, such as the water libation on Sukkos(15).
Like the rush of running water, the pure human heart denied access to certain areas of Divine service, also flows with a deep longing to bridge that gaping void(16) No one represents this ideal as much as the handicapped kohein. Kohanim forego physical comfort and security, receiving no share in the inheritance of the land of Israel, so they can devote themselves exclusively to Divine service. So imagine the pain of an idealistic young kohein who had always dreamed of performing the Temple rites, excelling in both his studies and fear of Hashem, only to develop a serious deformity upon reaching adulthood. He had renounced the physical world, only to find his spiritual world barred to him as well. He accurately represents not just a hoshana, but a farklapta (beaten) hoshana at that.
The young kohein's handicap may have deflated his confidence and shattered his dreams. But his longing and desire remain unaffected by his disability. Throughout the long course of the year he eagerly anticipates the Sukkos festival. Finally the moment arrives, and the infirm kohein is permitted to briefly join his physically fit brothers as they circle the altar. He cherishes that priceless moment for the rest of the year, perhaps more than anyone else. The service is his. Though the handicapped kohanim comprised but a small minority, the Gemara rightfully calls it the service of the handicapped kohein.
Our earthly hoshana service mirrors a similar, but magnificently more exalted, enactment in heaven. The Avudraham writes that the seven circuits we make on Hoshana Rabba in shul correspond to the seven heavens. The Gemara also tells us that the highest heaven is named Aravos upon which resides Hashem's throne of glory(17). Not surprisingly, the heavenly Aravos is also a place of an abundance of water(18), and there is stored the precious "liquid" that Hashem is destined to use to resurrect the dead(19).
The earthly inhabitants below long to be reunited with Hashem's presence above. Above, those feelings are reciprocated. The Mishna states that when the kohanim circled the altar during the hoshana procession they would say, "Ani Vahu hoshia na, Ani Vahu bring salvation now!"(20). Ani Vahu is part of one of the mystical names of Hashem and alludes to the verses "And I (Ani) was in the diaspora," (Yechezkel 1:1) and "and he (Vahu) was bound in chains" (Yermiyah 40:1). The Midrash expounds the words Ani and Vahu as both referring to Hashem. The prayer in effect is for God; who Himself (so to speak), requires salvation(21).
This Midrash is generally understood as expressing Hashem's pain, felt as a result of Israel's suffering. When the Jews are in exile, the Almighty Himself also shares in their plight. However the apparent difficulty with this approach is that this proclamation was recited as part of the Temple service! When the Jewish people resided peacefully in their land with the holy Temple in their mist, why should G-d express anguish? In that ideal state, what salvation does He lack?
Perhaps Hashem's continual longing is for the fulfilment of mankind's ultimate destiny: the era of the future redemption. At that time Hashem will lavishly pour the rain which will revive the dead(22), and the earth will be filled with Divine knowledge like water covering the oceans(23). Until that perfect state is actualized, Hashem - metaphorically - feels bound and in exile. The auspicious timing of the Kohanim's proclamation demonstrates the integral role the hoshana plays in transforming that vision into a reality.
A unique quality of the willow tree is that it does not branch out horizontally, as do most branches, but rather, sends forth a single shoot which extends further and further outwards. These branches also tend to gravitate vertically. Certain species of willow grow vertical branches which continously climb upwards, while the branches of the mature weeping willow grow downwards, giving the impression of a cascading waterfall. If we are correct in our assertion that the willow is the physical equivalent of yearning, then its growth represents a direct focused movement reaching from earth out to heaven.
The willow's growth parallels the yearning soul. The Ramchal writes that the Hebrew word for hope - kivuy - derives from the word kav, a line(24). In a spiritual dimension, hope draws a line which connects oneself to the object of one's longing. Hashem's hand, in a manner of speaking, is always readily outstreched, anxiously waiting for man to reach out towards Him as well. Just as the willow reaches out heavenwards, the yearning plea of the kohanim, "Hoshana - Save us now!," has the potential to stretch forth a line which can break all barriers, which can unite heaven and earth and herald the final redemption(25).
THE EXALTED ARAVA
Hashem is reffered to as Yosheiv Tehillos Yisroel, that is, enthroned, literally "sitting" upon the praises of Israel. Similarly Hashem is called Roichev B'arovos(26) - His glory is upheld by the 'arava Jews,' by those who lack the satisfaction of postive accomplishment, but look up expectantly towards Him. The verse says, "Not in the strength of the horse does He desire, nor in the loins of man does He favor. Hashem favours those who fear Him, those who hope to His kindness"(27). Rabbi Tzodok Hakohen explains that a horse personifies work and action, and symbolizes one who serves Hashem without respite with his valiant deeds and love. Though this level is exalted, it does not represent Hashem's ultimate desire. "Not in the loins of man does he favour", refers to one who serves Hashem utilizing the ultimate sign of human strength, by conquering one's evil inclination. Hashem does not desire this most of all; this is still not the highest level of perfection(28).
Rabbi Tzodok Hakohen explains that there lies a drawback in accomplishment, namely that it is sometimes tinged with egotistical gratification. The lack of accomplishment, is therefore sometime a purer form of service! As the verse concludes "Hashem desires the one who fears Him, one who awaits His kindness." Though this person has no personal achievement to show, his relationship with his Maker can be on the highest level.
Rabbi Dan Segal once visited Rabbi Shnuer Kotler zt'l when he was seriously ill, shortly before his passing. Rav Dan shared with him the following vort. In the beginnig of Parshas Vayashev, it says that "Yaakov settled"(29). Rashi cites a Midrash which comments that this verse signifies that Yaakov sought to dwell in tranquility. Said the Holy One, Blessed is He, "Is it not enough what is awaiting the rightous in the World To Come, that they seek to dwell in tranquility in this world as well?" Immediately, the ordeal of Yosef's kidnapping sprung upon him.
Rav Dan asked, Hashem is kind and generous; why can't He give the righteous a little pleasure in this world, as well? And what do you think Yaakov wanted with his leisure anyhow, to enjoy a vacation? His desire for tranquility was to enable him to better serve Hashem, without distraction. As our sages say, during the years he mourned the absence of Yosef, his spirituality suffered terribly as result. His spirit of prophecy left him and he was unable to accomplish spiritually what he wished to attain.
The Midrash explains that what Hashem was telling Yaakov was, "How do you know that I would derive more satisfaction from your sublime prayers and Torah study? Perhaps I have more nachas from your struggle in living a life without prophecy? And the little Torah and prayer under those conditions is dearer to me than all the sublime levels you would have been able to attain with prophecy."(30)
Rabbi Shnuer Kotler nodded and told Rav Dan a story of his own, which he once heard. There was once a chasid who came before his Rebbe crying that he lived alone in the forest chopping wood for his livelihood and was unable to pray with a minyan each day. He expressed to the Rebbi how he wished he would have the opportunity to daven with a minyan. The Rebbe told him lovingly, "How do you know Hashem wants you to daven with a minyan? Maybe Hashem has more satisfaction from the fact that you want to daven with a minyan, but are unable to do so."
This is the quality of the arava Jew.
The four species of the lulav must unite, for each has a unique and irreplacable quality to offer the Jewish people. That is, the quality of humility, and more specifically, the quality of wishing that he could serve Hashem more than he is. That feeling is itself is a great attainment.
The arava, humble willow, teaches a deep lesson in the idea that Rachmana liba baei - Hashem desires the heart. For while the willow appears lowly, it is truly quite exalted. Like a truly humble heart, in this world it is beaten to the ground; but in the World of Truth it ascends to the highest heaven(31).
1 Sefer Hamanhig, Hilchos Esrog, 38.
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CEDAR RAPIDS, IA – Family activities and the Greene Square tree lighting will take place at Greene Square on Saturday, December 4. A family craft activity will be held indoors at the Cedar Rapids Public Library from 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. Outdoor family activities including a scavenger hunt, "Reindeer Games," and stories near the tree, will take place at Greene Square between 4:00-5:15 p.m. The Sherry Mylhousen family, of Cedar Rapids, will assist with lighting the 35-foot Colorado blue spruce that they donated at 5:30 p.m.
The Parks and Recreation Department is accepting donations of new hats, gloves, and mittens during the event. They will be distributed to children at the Northwest Recreation Center beginning December 7, until supplies are gone.


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Volume 344, 2021International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Problems and Directions of Development of Metal Science and Heat Treatment of Metals and Alloys, Dedicated to the Memory of Academician A. A. Baykov” (MPM 2021)
|Number of page(s)||6|
|Published online||01 October 2021|
Methods for introducing carbon into the composition of structural powder materials
Don State Technical University, 34400, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
2 MISiS National University of Science and Technology, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 4 Moscow, Russia
* Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.org
Durability and reliability of machines and mechanisms depends on the structural strength of the products from which they are made. The main requirement for any product is trouble-free operation under the conditions of the established operational period. This determines the requirements for structural materials, the main of which are technological, operational and economic. The production of sintered powder products ensures the lowest energy consumption and the lowest waste. The introduction of carbon into powder materials significantly increases the strength characteristics of the product.
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I was given a 20% discount voucher for Kiko, an Italian cosmetics shop which I had walked past a couple of times but never been in, so I decided to investigate. Their products were pretty cheap (3,90€ or 4,90€ for nail polish) and I noticed they had their own range of textured nail polishes which I’ve been curious about trying but not sure that I want to spend a lot of money on in case I hate them. So I bought 3 from Sugar Mat range to see what I thought.
I put a layer of black down first and then painted a think coat of the textured polish over the top. It covered fairly well and didn’t take too long to dry. I’m still not sure about the whole texture thing. When I finished I did think it just looked like a very heavy matte glitter polish, but it kind of grew on me and I’m looking forward to trying the blue I got at some point soon. Also I chose polishes which had a bit of sparkle in them, so that might be the reason I thought they just looked like glitter polishes. Kiko also have kind of matte creme textured polishes in their Sugar Mat range but somehow they didn’t appeal to me as much as the shimmery ones. Maybe I’ll try one in future when I’ve got my head around the textured nail polish trend a bit more.
I used: Black Passion – Gosh, Golden Mandarin – Kiko, Burgundy – Kiko.