Hewlett-Packard’s Project Moonshot, a multiyear program for developing low-energy servers, will apparently rely on the “Centerton” Intel Atom processor for its initial production server system.
HP is positioning that server system, codenamed “Gemini,” as ideal for Web servers, offline analytics, and hosting. The system pools resources from hundreds or thousands of servers, allowing it to pack more processing power into a smaller footprint.
Centerton pairs 64-bit support, hardware virtualization, error correcting code (ECC) memory and other features with low power requirements, which theoretically makes it ideal for data centers that need to churn through massive amounts of data at (relatively) low power cost.
“Intel has shown its commitment to constant innovation in the extreme low-energy server initiative,” Jason Waxman, general manager of Cloud Infrastructure at Intel Data Center and Connected Systems Group, wrote in a June 19 statement. “Our deep collaboration with HP enabled us to create a processor roadmap designed to deliver exceptional performance and power-efficiency benefits.”
Other IT vendors are exploring low-energy server technology, but not all of them are opting for Intel inside. Dell has spent years testing ARM server technology, eventually producing the Dell “Copper” ARM servers set for release at an unannounced future date. Developers can book time on the platform via remote-accessible Copper server clusters, which Dell is offering in the name of “continued software and ecosystem testing and development.”
Dell “believes ARM infrastructures demonstrate promise for Web front-end and Hadoop environments, where advantages in performance per dollar and performance per watt are critical,” Charles Kind, principal analyst at Pund-IT, wrote in a research note soon after Dell announced the ARM server initiative.
Indeed, research firm Gartner recently suggested that ARM servers could own roughly 15 percent of the server market within four years. That could make things a little bit more interesting for Intel as it maps out a strategy for the low-power server market. For those planning on building a data center within the next few years, it could also introduce an element of choice.


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The Real Cost of a Vacation Home
What if instead of buying that vacation home, you invested the money?
Have A Question About This Topic?
You may have heard the phrase "tax-loss harvesting." A financial professional may be able to provide some guidance.
Tips to avoid checking in luggage on your next vacation.
Asking the right questions about how you can save money for retirement without sacrificing your quality of life.

domain: finance


Home >gk using construction machines
gk using construction machines
· BBC, Documentary Construction, Machines #National #Discovery Feel the earth move under your feet and dig into the fascinating story of earthmoving .
GK Indcon Private Limited offering Concrete Breaker Machines, Breaker Machine, Concrete Breaker Machine, Concrete Breaking Machine, Electric Concrete Breaker Machine, Road Breaker in Delhi, Delhi. Get best price and read about company and get contact details and address. | ID: 11402579633
Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations. They are also known as heavy machines , heavy trucks , construction equipment , engineering equipment , heavy vehicles , or heavy hydraulics .


Egis and Artelia take part in Lebanon's port reconstruction and reorganization, following the dramatic event of August 4, 2020.
The work covers the entire port area, except for the container terminal. It will include:
- rebuilding quays damaged in the explosion,
- reorganizing the port’s layout to streamline traffic,
- shifting the facility to solar power, with the help of EDF's expertise.
The French government funded the development of the plan presented today, on March 13, 2024. by Artelia and Egis.
The Artelia-Egis-EDF works have been deemed by Beirut Regional Economic Department (Service économique régional de Beyrouth) "a pragmatic turnaround, at a reduced cost" for the Beirut port, a major infrastructure for Lebanon's economy and public finances.
Learn more about the handover of the recovery and rehabilitation plan for the port of Beirut.


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What’s up with Selena Gomez and Orlando Bloom? A photo, that’s what By Nardine Saad Apr 28, 5: Nope, you can’t just be friends and famous in this town. And, so it goes, the pair have automatically been romantically linked. TMZ first reported the photo, which has Gomez, 21, sitting on a curb as the English actor, 37, smokes a cigarette. Gomez, in a sexy black dress, also wore a tacit “uh-uh” expression. The two looked somewhat startled by photographers, but the image doesn’t suggest anything particularly dishy. That is, unless framing seemingly unrelated celebrities in the same shot counts as dishy. Gomez and Bloom are said to have been chatting before the flashbulbs went off, and Bloom reportedly left when the photographers showed up, the sites said. Bloom, who has shared custody of their 3-year-old son, Flynn, told the Mirror in March that he still hadn’t started dating.
Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez: Their Off-Again, On-Again Romance In Five Clicks
Justin Bieber engaged to Hailey Baldwin! We still can’t believe it! But we do know a lot more about it… See everything we know so far about the engagement we never really expected below: But we do know a lot more about it
Bieber and Gomez started dating sometime in At that time, they were spotted kissing and canoodling on a yacht. In the same year, they made things official while at a Vanity Fair after-party.
The year-old has certainly said goodbye to her squeaky clean Disney image with the star accidentally revealing that she now has quite the collection of tattoos. Selena Gomez accidentally revealed she has a new tattoo while sunbaking at her South Florida hotel on Monday Selena also has a tiny music note on her wrist – which was done during her first time under the gun in February – along with the Roman numerals for 76 on her neck as a tribute to the year of her mother’s birth.
The newest piece in her collection was revealed as Selena enjoyed a fun day in the sun, first at the beach and then by the pool in her barely-there bikini. The year-old quickly became the centre of attention on the beach and, for once, it was not because of her massive star power. It was not possible to make out what the tattoo, her third, said but it appeared to be a saying in long cursive writing Tanning time: The year-old enjoyed a fun day in the sun, first at the beach and then by the pool in her barely-there bikini Instead all eyes were on the pop princess’ amazing athletic figure that she put on display in a zebra print bikini.
The swimwear featured a simple triangle top with a pair of Brazilian cut bikini bottoms that were made more eye catching by gold chain sides. The brief bottoms helped the star highlight her curves, which have no doubt been kept in shape thanks to her recent tour schedule that sees the starlet dancing night after night. The beach day was in fact a special break from her tour for the star and her back up dancers. Welcome to the jungle: The star’s zebra swimwear featured a simple triangle top with a pair of Brazilian cut bikini bottoms that were made more eye catching by gold chain sides.
Selena Gomez likes to date bad boys | Business Standard News
Nov 3, Advertisement – Continue Reading Below The book of Jelena added another chapter in the fall of when news broke that the two were hanging out again. One day after Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez were spotted going to church and brunch together, it was reported that Selena had split with her boyfriend of 10 months , The Weeknd. Jelena then rode bikes together.
And then came the hockey jersey.
Selena Gomez poses for photos with fans at the “Spring Breakers” premiere during the Toronto International Film Festival at Ryerson Theatre on Sept. 7, in Toronto, Canada.
Fans may be speculating whether or not the one-time couple’s romance is rekindling, especially amid reports of Gomez and The Weeknd splitting up , or if they’re just friends. Love is not a feeling. People have made it seem in movies that it’s this fairy tale. That’s not what love is. You’re not gonna want to love your girl sometimes but you’re gonna choose to love her.
Gomez apparently exclaimed to US that “it was just pancakes! Those who were really paying attention noticed Bieber had his arm placed on Gomez’s back. Caught Kissing in the Caribbean The young maybe-lovebirds still weren’t saying a thing about their rumored relationship, but the pictures said plenty. Gomez and Bieber were photographed on vacation together, kissing and embracing on a private yacht in St.
Selena Gomez emerges from the wild, her face flushed and damp, her torn, heather-gray tank riding up to reveal a bare midriff as she wipes a few beads of sweat from her forehead. And it’s exactly what a dozen teenage boys encounter on the first days of their summer vacation, as Gomez exits Malibu Creek State Park after a long hike. Mouths agape, they blink in her direction. Lamely, one calls out: Catcalling must be a daily event in the life of a tween dream—turned—sex symbol, but somehow Gomez still has the modesty to blush ever so slightly.
May 25, · Selena Gomez is Sexy Pages. Home.
Which is fine… except for the fact that Justin wanted to make it permanent. Selena, on the other hand, is a little older and wiser. She saw the relationship as a job from the beginning. As we told you in the blind, Justin asked Selena to marry him a few months ago. In fact, he asked her again very recently. The couple broke up last week. By the way, they have agreed to never, never, ever talk about the proposals!
Heartthrob Proposed To Girlfriend
But I still see you clearly. Justin is yet to comment on the new song, with the star instead taking to Twitter to post the cryptic: Where are you now? Where are you now that I need ya? Couldn’t find you anywhere When you broke down I didn’t leave ya I was by your side So where are you now that I need ya? I gave you attention when nobody else was payin’, hm I gave you the shirt off my back whatchu sayin’ To keep you warm I showed you the game everybody else was playin’, that’s for sure And I was on my knees when nobody else was prayin’, oh Lord Where are you now that I need ya?
Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, ) is an American singer, actress, and producer. After appearing on the children’s television series Barney & Friends, she received wider recognition for her portrayal of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel television series Wizards of Waverly Place, which aired for four seasons from until
Everything happens for a reason. Learn to grow from every single moment. Selena rose to fame as the leading role in the Disney channel series, Wizards of Waverly Place Due to the success of the series, she worked on various films, television shows, and musical collaborations for the network in the following years. The band released three studio albums by , each of which sold over one million copies worldwide. Gomez hoped to focus on her acting career by transitioning into film work, earning starring roles in films such as Ramona and Beezus and the romantic comedy, Monte Carlo Gomez hoped to achieve a more mature image with a role in the exploitation film, Spring Breakers , as well as with the release of her solo debut album, Stars Dance Gomez embarked on her Stars Dance Tour , though it was later cancelled due to personal and medical struggles.
In , she fired her parents as her managers, and signed with the WME and Brillstein companies.
Justin Bieber’s Girlfriend in 2017: Who Is Justin Bieber Dating?
Selena Gomez May Take Legal kevinkris Or are you going to wait for the receipt notice until certain point and then, if you still have not received the receipt by then, file with the information insturcted by USCIS brightly colored paper I think we can wait till Aug 15th for I receipt and if we don’t get that: If it was the way they worked it’s fine, or if that’s the way they are going to work that’s fine too.
Best Selena Gomez Songs. theferbinator The Top Ten. 1 Come & Get It! This song should be number one! MAGIC shouldn’t be in 11 th position. I love you so much selena despite the fact that you’re dating JB, my heartthrob. She shouldn’t be in the spotlight. This really reminds me about the world and war right now. If the whole world.
Regarding her Hispanic heritage, Gomez has stated: We do everything that’s Catholic, but we don’t really have anything traditional except [that we] go to the park and have barbecues on Sundays after church. In , Mandy remarried Brian Teefey. This led to the family having financial troubles, with her mother struggling to provide for them.
I remember having a lot of macaroni and cheese but my mom never made it seem like it was a big deal. She was really strong around me. Having me at 16 had to have been a big responsibility. My mom gave up everything for me, had three jobs, supported me, sacrificed her life for me. I was frustrated that my parents weren’t together, and never saw the light at the end of the tunnel where my mom was working hard to provide a better life for me.
I’m terrified of what I would have become if I’d stayed [in Texas]. While attending school as a child, Gomez has stated on numerous occasions that she was the victim of bullying. But, ultimately, it makes you a stronger person to turn your cheek and go the other way. I had two friends, but I just sat at the back of the room and got on with my work. School is such an awkward time in your life.

domain: entertainment


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Baked Mozzarella and Marinara Dip | Marinara sauce, spinach and fresh mozzarella cheese are all you need to make this easy three ingredient Baked Mozzarella and Marinara Dip!
Sweet Potato Gnocchi |Euphoric Vegan
Addicting vegan pizza pockets / calzones! They have been a hit for the family and are great for freezing... The homemade marinara recipe doubles as a dip.
These vegan spaghetti with bean balls are perfect for quick weeknight dinners. They're super delicious and easy to make!
Ooey gooey melty Pesto Cheese Bombs with marinara sauce are super easy to make and will please any crowd. Make this appetizer for your next game day party!
Hasselback chicken stuffed with mozzarella, tomato and basil is a new way to enjoy chicken for dinner tonight from Walking on Sunshine Recipes.
Braided Nutella Christmas Tree Bread – although personally I would omit the Nutella...
Red Pepper Lentil Bolognese Sauce
This super quick and easy classic marinara sauce takes twenty minutes to make, and uses pantry staples that you probably have on hand now. great for a weeknight meal with pasta, pizza or spaghetti squash!

domain: food


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Mazda has told us that they are developing the Mazda RX-9, which is going to take over from the RX-8, and already we have seen a concept for the vehicle.
Now things just got even more exciting for the Mazda RX-9 when it was said that the vehicle was coming our way in 2019. When it arrives it is going to offer up the 1.6 litre turbocharged rotary engine and this offers up 400 horses.
But now something strange has happened as Mazda have sent us an email that says nothing is yet certain about the Mazda RX-9. The company said that they will launch the vehicle when it is ready but that we shouldn’t expect to see it soon as it is still being developed.
You can check out the response to the email sent below.
“Thank you for contacting Mazda Customer Experience Center.
We appreciate your interest in a future Mazda RX model and while we can confirm that Mazda continues to develop rotary engines, we cannot confirm production of a rotary at this point. Rotaries are one of the signature engineering technologies that define Mazda, and we will continue exploring them to see where they may fit for production applications. While mass production is currently on hold, Mazda has never stopped research and development efforts towards the rotary engine.
RX-VISION represents a vision of the future that Mazda hopes to one day make into reality; a front-engine, rear-wheel drive sports car with exquisite, KODO design-based proportions only Mazda could envision, and powered by the next-generation SKYACTIV-R rotary engine. Although future models and specifications are not available at this time, you will find the most up-to-date information on our current vehicle lines and accessories on our website, www.mazdausa.com. Additionally, our press releases are available on our media website, www.mazdausamedia.com.
Should you have additional questions or feedback, please contact me at the number below and reference your Service request number.”

domain: news


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In today’s lesson, we’re going to touch on an interesting concept that involves combining the minor pentatonic and major pentatonic scales.
If you’re new to this series, the things I talk about in this lesson might seem a bit sudden or haphazard. So to get the most out of this lesson, I recommend you check out the last three installments of the series first.
Let’s get started!
So far in this series, we’ve learned to play minor pentatonic and major pentatonic across the fretboard, and if you’ve practiced your meandering, you should be able to visualize these scales across your whole fretboard with ease.
Last time, we spoke about adding the blue note into these scales to create the signature blues sound. What we’re going to be doing today is drawing on this knowledge to learn how to combine the minor and major pentatonic scales to create patterns that give us a very unique and interesting sound.
For this example, let’s start off by running through the first position of A minor pentatonic starting on the fifth fret of the sixth string:
Next, let’s run through the second position of A major pentatonic, which starts on the same fret:
What we want to do now is train ourselves to see these two positions together. A little trick that helps to start off this blending process, if you will, is by first looking at the notes on the first and second strings and combining the scales on these two strings.
As far as the minor pentatonic is concerned, you’ll notice you’re playing the notes on the fifth and eighth frets, and the notes on the fifth and seventh frets for the major pentatonic. To start off, what we’re going to do is combine these elements. For example, we can play the fifth- and seventh-fret notes on the second string and the fifth- and eighth-fret notes on the first string:
You’ll notice how this suddenly translates into a very interesting sound. But you’ll also notice that if you simply combine the notes in these two scales on the two strings, it creates more of a basic, "Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti" sound:
When combining these two scales, what we want to learn is how to phrase our notes to make sure we stick to the more rock and roll or blues-esque pentatonic sound we’re starting off with. Instead of just combining the notes in both scales, think about how we’re going to alternate between these two scales to create the sound we’re after.
For example, here’s a fun little shape you can start off with that combines these scales:
Start playing around the notes in this pattern and you’ll start to hear how much more unique and interesting it sounds than if we were to just play in minor pentatonic or major pentatonic.
When utilizing this concept in your playing, the most important part is knowing when to use major pentatonic, when to use minor pentatonic and when to use this hybrid scale. This is where our old trick of meandering comes in. For this week’s practice, start off by meandering across this new pattern we’ve learned to really get a feel for mixing up the minor and major pentatonic.
Another thing I want you to focus on this month is to start adding the essential techniques like hammer-ons, pull-offs, slides, bends and vibrato into your usual meandering.
For example, let’s look at a basic jam involving hammer-ons that we can use when combining major and minor pentatonic:
In this example, not only are we combining the major pentatonic and minor pentatonic, but we’re also going from the minor third to the major third of the A chord to create a really cool bluesy rock and roll sound.
So the fifth fret note is actually from the minor chord and the sixth fret note is from the major chord.
You see, this is the really cool thing about blues and rock and roll. Sometimes things that don’t really make sense logically make sense in rock. Which is why we start off by tackling a lot of concepts in terms of visual shapes as opposed to traditional theory.
Until my next installment, I want you to focus on what we’ve covered today and work hard on meandering on this combined scale while incorporating essential techniques like hammer-ons and pull-offs. I also want you to check out a video I did for Guitar World called "Essential Blues Basics: Soloing with the Combined Major and Minor Pentatonic Scales."
As always, practice hard, and stay tuned for next month’s installment!
Steve Stine is a longtime and sought-after guitar teacher who is professor of Modern Guitar Studies at North Dakota State University. Over the last 27 years, he has taught thousands of students, including established touring musicians, and released numerous video guitar lesson courses via established publishers. A resident of Fargo, North Dakota, today he is more accessible than ever before through the convenience of live online guitar lessons at LessonFace.com.

domain: artistic


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The vegan dining scene is not only here to stay in Athens, but also flourishing!
With more and more vegan restaurants and cafes opening up and an increasing number of previously vegan-incognizant places altering their menus to include exciting vegan options, there is a modern, creative, flavoursome and nutritionally sophisticated choice of venues for anyone with a hearty and even highly demanding plant-based appetite. Here we showcase our best recommendations.
Peas (40, Falirou Str, Koukaki)
With the motto “Give Peas a Chance”, this trendy Koukaki place serves salads, breakfast specials, wraps, burgers, sandwiches, souvlaki, hot meals, cakes and desserts that are all homemade. You’ll find gluten-free raw and sugar-free choices and can sip on vitamin-rich juices, smoothies and fair-trade coffee. Don’t Miss: the raw tart and club sandwich.
Trivoli Vegan Kafeneio 10 Best Vegan Restaurants in Athens (Marinou Antipa 107a, Ilioupoli)
A vegan bar/restaurant serving wholesome, filling meals such as various kinds of pasta, burgers, salads, souvlaki and healthy drinks such as shakes, juices and coffee with plant milk. Don’t miss: the cannelloni with vegan ricotta, spinach and sunflower seeds, Greek classic pastitsioand soy yiouvetsi.
Yi (69 Grigoriu Lambraki Street, Glyfada)
A foodie venue with sophisticated flavours and artfully concocted raw and vegan dishes, Yi has been impressing palates for over a decade now in a large, beautiful space in Athens’ southern suburb of Glyfada. Don’t Miss: Raw soup, Mexican burritos and the harvest veggie bowl with caramelized chickpeas.
The Vegan Vandal (Aminta 15 Pangrati)
Fancy junk food without the meat? This is your place. This fun Pangrati hangout serves souvlaki, pitta pockets burgers and other crunchy sinful-tasting stuff without the guilt. Don’t Miss: the Jack Burger with smoked pulled jackfruit marinated in BBQ sauce, coleslaw, mayo, garden onion, baby rocket and pickled carrot and the crispy cauliflower bites.
Cookoomela Grill – Exarchia (43-45 Themistokleous Street, Exarcheia)
Athens’ first vegan souvlaki joint, and still perhaps the most successful, specialises in homemade mushroom or lentil gyro, and a ‘tzatziki’ with organic soy yoghurt. Don’t Miss: the Yellow Dish (with mushroom, avocado, vegetable mayonnaise, tomato, onion, parsley and hand-cut potatoes.
Mother Vegan (Dimitrakopoulou 95, Koukaki)
This place differs from the rest, especially in that it ventures to create ‘steak’ made with organic beans, kombucha, and various other intriguing ingredients. And it succeeds in creating something very tasty! Don’t Miss: the aromatic chard pie with fresh garden herbs and the Smoked Tofu Burger with soybeans, tamari, nutritional yeast flakes, lentils and nigari.
Veganaki (38 Athanasiou Diakou Street, Koukaki)
Veganaki centres its menu on Greek recipes with rich flavours and high-quality local ingredients. Don’t Miss: the moussaka with minced red lentil and bechamel made with almond milk and cauliflower, the pastitsio with minced soy and for a taste of the Middle East, the crispy, oven-baked falafel
Winners Vegan Restaurant (Nikis 27, at Niki Athens Hotel, Syntagma)
Actually located within the Niki Athens Hotel, Winners Vegan is a cheerful little place serves plant-based organic dishes and snacks including great breakfast options like guacamole toast. Don’t Miss: Mac n cheese and vegan poke (Hawaiian sushi).
Mama Tierra (84 Akadimias Street, Athens)
Highly popular for its tasty ethnic cuisine, pure raw materials (many of which are organic) and healthy homemade preparation, this is a classic haunt for vegans and vegetarians. Don’t Miss: Greek soutzoukakakia patties with red sauce, crisp macrobiotic salads, mushroom risotto and vegetable korma.
Avocado (30 Nikis Street, Syntagma)
Another Athens vegan classic, this place serves wonderful Asian, Indian and Mediterranean dishes made with high-quality ingredients as well as wonderful, healthy smoothies and juices. Don’t Miss: the Zen Tempeh with organic rice noodles, ginger, fresh snow peas, red curry, coconut milk and tempeh, crispy tofu and raw chocolate tart.


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Last action: Referred to Criminal Justice
Author: Senfronia Thompson
Joint Author: Bryan Hughes | Mike Hamilton | Yvonne Davis | Bill Callegari
House Committee: Civil Practices (Byron Cook, Phil King, Jerry Madden, Trey Martinez Fischer, Sid Miller, Richard Raymond, Mark Strama, Robert Talton, Beverly Woolley)
Minutes: April 25 2007
Senate Committee: Criminal Justice (John Whitmire, John Carona, Bob Deuell, Rodney Ellis, Glenn Hegar, Juan Hinojosa, Kel Seliger)
The Legislative Archive System is a work in progress. Complete information is not available for all bills and all sessions. Visit the Legislative Archive System status page for details. Please contact the Legislative Reference Library at 512-463-1252 if you have any questions. Information on this website is provided as a public service by the Legislative Reference Library. The Legislative Reference Library makes no representation as to its completeness or accuracy and makes no warranty in regard to its use. Users assume all risk of reliance on the information included on this site.

domain: library


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The Netherlands is bordered by Belgium, Germany, and the North Sea which lies to the north and west. Large areas of The Netherlands have been reclaimed from the sea and consequently one fifth of the country lies below sea level. The country is flat and level, divided by rivers and canals. Amsterdam is the country’s central city and is beautiful, with impressive architecture; canals that criss-cross the city; great shopping and opportunities for the visitor to take in the culture and history, head out partying or just relax. Away from the cities there is the forest of Arnham, the tulip fields in the west, the lakes of the central and northeastern areas and the coastal dunes.
Dutch is the official language. English, German and French are taught as second languages and are generally widely spoken.
The Dutch currency is the (€) : 100 cents. The most common paper currency in Holland comes in denominations of €500, €200, €50, €20, €10 and €5. Coins appear in denominations of €2 and €1. Coins also come in 50 cents, 20 cents, 10 cents, 5 cents, 2 cents and 1 cent.
Summers are in general, warm with irregular rainfall periods, but excessively hot weather is rare. The optimal time to go is from May to October, when the temperature in the day is generally in the 70s-80s F/20-31 C, with nights in the 50s-60s F/10-20 C. Rainfall is customary all year. Winters can be fairly cold with the chance of some snow. The tulip season runs from April to mid May.
The Netherlands is a great place for a city break, or a more rural adventure. The north coast features lovely beaches and traditional fishing villages. The gorgeous Lower Rhine region is perfect for trekking, biking or just soaking up the peaceful countryside, complete with classic windmills!
Amsterdam is the cultural heart of the Netherlands. It is filled with museums and art galleries. Rich in history too, Amsterdam was the home of the tragic diarist Anne Frank. There are nightclubs a-plenty, and don't forget the notorius cafés!
Amongst the country's other cities, Rotterdam is renowned for its impressive architecture and jaw-dropping skyline. The Netherlands' political capital, The Hague is also well worth a visit.
- Blood alcohol limit is 50mg.
- Drive on the right side of the road.
- The speed limit in the city is 50 km/h, sometimes there're zones where there's a maximum of 30 km/h. The limit outside the city is 80 km/h (N-roads). On the highway the limit is 120 km/h except on some roads where the limit is 100 km/h. These roads are indicated with white round signs with a red border marked with 100.
- Your speed will be checked nationwide by the police.
- Drinking & driving is not allowed and there are many breath controls nationwide.
- A unbroken yellow line next to the sidewalk means no stopping, a broken yellow next to the sidewalk means no parking.
- Some crossings have "shark teeth" painted on the road; this means you have to give way to the other traffic.
- If you break down on the highway, go to the nearest yellow contact point. This is the direct connection to the emergency and assistance services.
Particular items of interest for sale include costume dolls, silverware from Schoonhoven, glass and crystal from Leerdam, diamonds from Amsterdam and Delft blue pottery and pottery from Makkum and Workum.
Shopping hours: Mon 1100-1730; Mon-Sat 0900-1700. In Amsterdam, Rotterdam and other big cities, supermarkets are open from 0800-2000/2100. In large city centers, shops are open Sun 1200-1700. Shopping malls are also open on Sunday.
Amsterdam is a cosmopolitan city, with some of the liveliest nightlife in Europe. Large cities have sophisticated nightclubs and discos, but late opening bars and cafés are just as popular in provincial towns. There are legal casinos in Amsterdam, Breda, Eindhoven, Den Haag, Groningen, Nymegen, Rotterdam and Scheveningen.
The leading place for dance lovers is The Escape on the Rembrandtplein (Amsterdam), with a capacity of 2,500, which takes its music seriously for a enthusiastic crowd. There are theatres and cinemas in all major towns.
Food and Drink
The Netherlands has a wide variety of local cuisine and international restaurants including Chinese, Italian, French, Balkan, Spanish, German, American and British. Local specialities include: Erwtensoep - thick pea soup served with smoked sausage, cubes of bacon, pig's knuckle and brown or white bread; Groentensoep - clear consommé with vegetables, vermicelli and meatballs; Hutspot - potatoes, carrots and onions; Boerenkool met rookworst - frost-crisped kale and potatoes served with smoked sausage; Flensjes or Pannekoeken - 25 varieties of Dutch pancake and Wafels met slagroom - waffles with whipped cream.
Jenever (Dutch gin) is a customary Dutch drink and is normally taken straight and chilled as a chaser with a glass of beer, but it is occasionally drunk with cola or vermouth. Favored brands are Bols, Bokma, De Kuyper and Claeryn.
If you can't read the Dutch menu, ask for an English version as most restaurants will have one. Restaurants typically have table service. There are no licensing laws. Drink can be bought all day. Bars open later and stay open until the early hours of the morning at weekends.
All car hire locations in Netherlands
- Almere Stad
- Alphen Aan Den Rijn
- Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
- Capelle Aan Den Ijssel
- De Kooy Airport
- Den Haag
- Den Helder
- Eelde Airport
- Eindhoven Airport
- Leeuwarden Air Base Airport
- Lelystad Airport
- Maastricht Aachen Airport
- Rotterdam Airport
- Soesterberg Air Base Airport
- Twenthe Airport
- Valkenburg Naval Air Base Airport

domain: geography


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In December, the Boys & Girls Club of the South Coast Area was selected as an official partner of Payless GivesTM Shoes 4 Kids, an annual giving program from Payless ShoeSource.
As part of the program, the club was awarded 350 shoe vouchers – representing the number of kids who walk through the doors of the Club each day. Just in time for Christmas, more than half of the vouchers for a new pair of shoes were redeemed before the holidays, and the remaining vouchers were given during multiple shopping trips to local San Clemente Payless ShoeSource concluding on Valentine’s Day.
“We are grateful to be a part of the Payless GivesTM Shoes 4 Kids program this year, and especially grateful to the staff in our San Clemente Payless ShoeSource store. Although studies show that properly fitting shoes are important for children’s health and development, a great number of children don’t own a pair of shoes that fit,” said Andy Brosche, operations director, “It seems like such a basic necessity, but the truth is new shoes often go on the backburner when families have to choose between food and clothing. With this amazing gift, Payless ShoeSource helped to relieve some of the stress parents felt during the holidays and helped out mid-school year by providing shoes to our over 300 members who attend on a daily basis.”
In 2008, Payless ShoeSource launched the Payless GivesTM Shoes 4 Kids program in the United States, giving away $1 million worth of free shoes. In 2009, Payless extended the program beyond the U.S. to reach families in need in Canada, Puerto Rico and 11 Latin American countries. Now in its fifth year, the program is going strong. Payless ShoeSource continues to partner with local nonprofits to help them identify the best places to give away more than $1.5 million worth of free children’s shoes.
–Submitted by the Boys & Girls Club of the South Coast Area


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Jared Loggins, a senior at Morehouse College, is choosing between Ph.D. programs. He plans one day to be a professor of political science. “The hope is to get a Ph.D. and enter into the professoriate—even considering how grim the job market is for professors,” he says.
He is willing to overlook the challenges that may lie ahead for two reasons. One, he
loves the field. And, two, he is acutely aware of how few Black professors there are relative to White professors. He says he hopes his voice and example might help tip the balance.
Loggins says that he was surprised by how many of his Morehouse classes were taught by White men. Their prevalence underscores the need for more Black professors across the board, Loggins says.
“African-Americans have worked extremely hard, and I know I’ve worked extremely hard, to be in a position to impact scholarly spaces,” he says. “That should be wholly reflected in the academy.”
While Loggins may not have expected to encounter so many White faculty at Morehouse, which serves a nearly 100 percent Black student body, the reality is that White faculty have always had a place at HBCUs.
Some, such as Lincoln University, were founded and staffed by White teachers and ministers from their origins in the mid-to-late 1800s onward.
Despite a long history with HBCUs, the White HBCU faculty experience is infrequently written about, and there are only a handful of studies available that might shed light on White faculty’s place within HBCUs.
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) keeps tabs on the race and ethnicity of almost every HBCU. NCES provided Diverse with data for 99 HBCUs in 2013. At those 99 HBCUs, 56 percent of full-time instructional staff were Black, 25 percent were White, 2 percent Hispanic and 10 percent Asian.
By point of comparison, on the national level, 79 percent of full-time instructional faculty were White, 4 percent Hispanic, and 9 percent Asian or Pacific Islander, according to NCES data from 2011.
Only 6 percent of faculty were Black. Dr. Kimya Dawson- Smith’s 2006 dissertation is one of the more recent and comprehensive studies of White faculty at HBCUs. Her dissertation surveys White faculty at two HBCUs and looks at their place at the institutions from a historic perspective.
Ensuring a smooth “socialization” of White faculty at HBCUs is key to their success, she found, as they adjust from “majority” status to being “minorities” within a minority-controlled space.
Some of the greatest challenges that White faculty reported in Dawson-Smith’s dissertation are the barriers they encounter with promotion and tenure. Tenure requires publishing papers, but too often, they do not have enough time to write because they are caught up in the duties of teaching. Leadership positions, too, they find, tend to go to their Black colleagues.
When speaking with White faculty about their experiences, one theme is clear: White faculty are reluctant to criticize HBCUs. Even when they do identify a problem, they tend to rationalize it.
Their concerns to speak freely stem from job security, they admit, but also a love for HBCUs and a desire to portray them in the best light possible.
HBCUs receive so much criticism, one White HBCU professor says, when really, there is so much to celebrate about them.
Take, for example, the idea found in Dawson-Smith’s dissertation that leadership roles tend to go to African-Americans. While this may be true to a certain extent, it also makes sense that HBCUs would be bastions of Black leadership.
After all, Black leadership positions were hard-won. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, many HBCUs were governed by White administrators, who were reluctant to relinquish control.
Howard University did not have a Black president until 1926, nearly 60 years after it was founded. Lincoln University, the nation’s first degree-granting historically Black university, did not see its first Black president, Dr. Howard Mann Bond, until 1945, close to a century after its founding in 1854.
“If you think about HBCUs, these are places of historic models of Black success,” says Dr. Derek Greenfield, who taught at Alcorn State, Shaw and St. Augustine’s universities. “It’s so important, I think, for students and for employees to have access to spaces of incredible Black achievement, in a society that often devalues their existence and their greatness.”
Even though leadership roles tend to be held by Black staff, White faculty and staff say that, if they felt driven to seek out leadership positions, they would have made that their career goal. But they sought out their jobs at HBCUs because that is where they find the most fulfillment—teaching is their vocation and passion.
Or, in some cases, digitizing old archival collections is their passion.
A White, former Lincoln University librarian, Dr. Susan Gunn Pevar, says that she was content with her work as a special collections archivist.
She says she noticed a perception among some of her White colleagues that permanent leadership positions at Lincoln tend to go to African-Americans.
“I really don’t know if that’s true, but it could be true,” she says. The question was of limited interest to her, since she did not plan to ever apply to be director of the library.
Alcorn as example
Still, active attempts to change the diversity profiles of schools can meet with pushback, as events at Alcorn State University just a few years ago would suggest.
More than 90 percent of Alcorn’s students are Black, and nearly 70 percent are female, reflecting yet another fundamental inequity in Black educational attainment in the United States. Black women outpace their male counterparts in terms of college completion.
Alcorn was the first Black land-grant institution, built in a rural corner of Mississippi to educate freedmen. In comparison to Northern schools such as Howard and Lincoln, Alcorn has a long history of Black leadership stretching back to its founding in 1871.
Today, Alcorn’s main campus is situated in what past Alcorn president M. Christopher Brown II calls “splendid isolation,” in the tiny town of Lorman, Miss., in Jefferson County. There is only one way to get there—down a 6-mile stretch of rural country road.
Jefferson is one of the poorest counties in the country and home to the greatest percentage of African-Americans in the entire United States.
When Brown began his presidency in 2010, he planned to raise Alcorn’s profile well beyond its rural corner of Mississippi.
“My goal for Alcorn was not to be a great HBCU, but a great university,” he says.
He set about raising the diversity profile of the university’s student body, faculty and staff, making some controversial hires, including bringing in Jay Hopson, the first White football coach in the history of Alcorn and the entire Southwestern Athletic Conference.
Part of the impetus to diversify, Brown says, stems from Alcorn’s mandate to recruit and retain a student body that is more than 10 percent other-race, following the United States v. Fordice Supreme Court case.
The Fordice decision found that Mississippi’s public institutions of higher education were effectively still segregated, many decades after the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case theoretically put an end to “separate but equal” systems of education for White and Black students.
Brown says that public HBCUs and public predominantly White institutions (PWIs) both have a responsibility to disestablish dual systems of education—one White, one Black. “I believe that all publicly funded institutions in a state should provide access to its citizens, period,” he says.
Beyond fundamental issues of equality, diversity is important for creating more intellectually vibrant campuses, Brown says. His philosophy is informed by his undergraduate experience at South Carolina State University in the early 1990s, when the now-beleaguered university had more resources to actively recruit other-race students, and the research of Dr. Sylvia Hurtado and Dr. Patricia Gurin at the University of Michigan.
“They ultimately found that diversity in the classroom incentivizes and creates greater academic learning outcomes,” he says of the Michigan professors.
Finally, Brown wanted to drive up enrollments by bringing students in from out of state. Under his watch, Alcorn’s student body grew to more than 4,000 students by 2011, the largest ever in the university’s history.
Even as Brown won accolades for his work on the national level, he knew he was creating what he calls “cognitive dissonance” for some Alcorn longtimers.
Some of his more controversial hires were publicized in what might be described as a defensive manner. For example, Brown told an ESPN reporter that he hid news about the Hopson hire from Alcorn’s media department, filling them in only minutes before his own public announcement.
“There was umbrage, to say the least,” Brown says of his efforts to shake up the diversity status quo.
His White staff members reported that some of their Black colleagues at times refused to shake their hands or even acknowledge their presence.
“They felt the weight of the work, of doing diversity-change work, just as I’m sure African-American or Hispanic faculty feel sometimes [at PWIs],” Brown says.
He says the most pushback toward his diversity work came from the staff and the older, more traditional alumni population.
So while his White administrators and staff encountered some moments of misunderstanding with Black colleagues, the faculty, White and Black, were more receptive to his diversification efforts.
“Because of the fact that many of them have been through doctoral programs, most of which are at predominantly White institutions, they also bring a different set of intellectual strategies for dealing with difference than you would find at the staff rank,” he says. “So I think you’d find the most welcome space for diversity in your faculty.”
Greenfield, whom Brown brought on as chief diversity officer and a professor, says that he admired Alcorn’s legacies and traditions, including the university’s long history of providing access to higher education for those who might otherwise be disenfranchised.
And even though Greenfield was recognized with accolades for his service, he does acknowledge that it was not all smooth sailing at Alcorn, at least at first.
“As a White male outsider, not from Mississippi, it does take time for others to get to know you, and understand your heart, and see the vision that [I] have, and appreciate what it is you’re about and why you’re there. I think it’s important for people to know that you don’t perceive yourself as the savior from outside,” Greenfield, now a fulltime speaker, says.
Though Brown’s efforts to raise Alcorn’s profile were recognized at the national and state level—Alcorn was named HBCU of the Year by the Center for HBCU Media Advocacy in 2012—Brown’s tenure unraveled in 2013. Alcorn’s overseeing board found that the university had spent almost $89,000 on renovations to the president’s house, without seeking alternate bids as required by state law. Brown abruptly resigned in December 2013.
Several of Brown’s more high-profile hires have since left, although Hopson, the football coach, remains. Greenfield was replaced with LLJuna Weir, a Black woman who earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees at Alcorn.
Diversity strengthens HBCUs
While Alcorn may serve as a cautionary tale for HBCU leaders who want to change the nature of their school overnight, experts agree that HBCUs are strengthened by such diversity.
“One of the hidden benefits of attending an HBCU is that students who attend an HBCU get a far more diverse faculty experience than they do if they attend the average predominantly White institution,” says Dr. Andrew T. Arroyo, a White assistant professor of interdisciplinary studies at Norfolk State University. Arroyo is an affiliate at the Center for Minority Serving Institutions at the University of Pennsylvania, which is run by Dr. Marybeth Gasman, a professor of higher education. He recently wrote a book chapter published in the e-book Diverse Perspectives in College Teaching debunking a series of stereotypes about White professors at HBCUs from a 1976 article in The Journal of Negro Education, by Dr. W.I. Warnat.
“I always tell people that HBCUs have the most diverse faculty. They always have been this way,” says Gasman. “And at the same time, I do worry about the faculty becoming less and less Black.”
It’s certainly a concern, particularly when one considers the declining number of Black Ph.D.s who are entering the teaching profession in general.
Dr. Robert T. Palmer, an associate professor at Binghamton University and an HBCU expert, points out that even the HBCUs that serve a predominantly Black population are still culturally rich and diverse places.
“HBCUs are [intrinsically] diverse because there are many different subcultures of the Black population,” he says. “But those factors are never taken into account.”
Nevertheless, he acknowledges that many Black students are looking for racial diversity, not just cultural diversity, when they choose a college. “There’s been research that has shown that some Black students, unfortunately, are less inclined to enroll in HBCUs, because they perceive that the lack of racial diversification may be a handicap as they enter the so-called real world,” he says.
Loggins can attest to the power of an almost entirely Black college. Morehouse is economically diverse, he points out, and the college attracts students from all over the world. “I know I have benefited from being at an institution that is wholly committed to educating African-Americans and African-American men in particular.”
Catherine Morris can be reached at [email protected]. Senior writer Jamal Eric Watson contributed to this story.


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Changes in fresh weight, leaf number, water content and SPAD value at the harvest by the cultivation with reduced potassium applications through the growth period.
It is recommended that kidney disease patients receiving dialysis have limited potassium intake including intake of vegetables with high potassium content. Dialysis patients cannot absorb other nutrients contained in vegetables. To solve these problems, methods of cultivating vegetables with low potassium contents as compared to normal vegetables were studied. In leafy vegetables, the potassium contents were reduced as much with 60–70% by the cultivation without potassium applications during the latter half of the growth period compared with the controls, with no change in plant growth. In tomato, the potassium content in the potassium-restricted group was also reduced to 50–89% of the control. There was no change in the fresh weight per fruit of the tomatoes; however, the total yield was reduced. In this chapter, we introduce the researches of the cultivation method for leafy vegetables and tomatoes with low potassium content while still maintaining normal plant growth. Furthermore, the changes of the contents in minerals, ascorbic acid, and sugar in low potassium vegetables were reported.
- ascorbic acid
- dialysis patients
- leafy vegetable
- soil-less culture
In the year 2010, the number of dialysis patients worldwide was approximately 2.16 million . Because the symptoms of kidney disease are subtle, and one of the most significant primary diseases in kidney disease is diabetes, it is estimated that tens of thousands to several million people have a preliminary stage of kidney disease ; this suggests a further increase in dialysis patients. By 2030, this figure will project to more than double to 5.439 million, with the largest growth in Asia . Because dialysis patients have dysfunctional potassium excretion mechanisms, there is a possibility of them suffering from serious electrocardiographic abnormalities and heart failure due to hyperkalemia . Therefore, disturbances in plasma potassium concentration, most commonly hyperkalemia, remain a constant threat to the health of dialysis patients . Potassium intake must be restricted in dialysis patients. Because the vegetables that we generally eat contain high levels of potassium , dialysis patients should not eat raw vegetables, they should have them boiled or leached in water to remove excess potassium [6, 7]. Although potassium content is partially reduced by these methods, the degree of reduction is limited. In addition, other important minerals and vitamins get eluted and disassembled by these methods. Furthermore, many dietary fibers are included in vegetables, but a dietary fiber becomes lacking in it because vegetables intake are limited as for the kidney disease dialysis patient. As a result, it is reported that the difference in dietary fiber intake of the chronic kidney disease patient (CKD) including the dialysis patient is related to the inflammatory reaction (C-reactivity protein) and death rate . There are many disadvantages by limiting vegetables intake.
It is believed that vegetables cultivated to contain lower potassium levels are beneficial for dialysis patients as compared to those cultivated by the general method. The former allows patients to eat raw vegetables in moderation. The potassium content in these vegetables can be reduced even further by boiling or leaching in water.
On the other hand, potassium is an essential macronutrient for plant growth . Potassium plays a significant physiological role in the metabolism of substances within a cell such as the maintenance of protoplasmic structure and pH levels , and the compatible solutes required for osmotic adjustment . Therefore, it is expected that limited supply of potassium will inhibit plant growth. Therefore, it is important to investigate the amount to which the potassium levels can be reduced while still maintaining the optimum levels for plant growth.
The objective of this chapter is to introduce the researches of the cultivation method for leafy vegetables and tomatoes with low potassium content for dialysis patients who are restricted potassium intake, while still maintaining normal plant growth. Furthermore, the changes of the contents in minerals, ascorbic acid, and sugar in low potassium vegetables were reported.
2. Examination of the cultivation method of vegetables with low potassium content and changes of that quality
2.1. Examination of the cultivation method of the spinach with the low potassium content
Ogawa et al.  examined the effective cultivation method of the spinach (
Cultivation with reduced potassium applications throughout the growth period.
Cultivation without potassium applications during the latter half of the growth period.
2.1.1. Cultivation with reduced potassium applications throughout the growth period
During the cultivation period, spinach was cultivated at potassium concentration of 1/2 (1/2 K treatment), 1/4 (1/4 K treatment), and 1/8 (1/8 K treatment) of the control. The influence that a difference of the potassium concentration in water culture medium gave the potassium content at the harvest (Figure 1). There was no significant difference in 1/2 K treatment and the 1/4 K treatment than control, but the potassium content significantly decreased in 1/8 K treatment. Potassium content was 7.97 mg per 1 g of fresh weight in the control, but it was 5.45 mg in the 1/8 K treatment, and it decreased by 32%.
Fresh weight, the number of leaves, water content, and the SPAD value, which shows chlorophyll content, in each treatment at the harvest are shown in Table 1. There was no significant difference at the time of a harvest in fresh weight and the number of leaves by the treatments that had lower potassium concentration than a control. The water content showed 94.0% in 1/2 K treatment and slightly increased compared with a control. However, there was not the significant difference in other treatment. The SPAD value was significantly lower in 1/2 K treatment than a control and was significantly high in 1/8 K treatment.
|Control||1/2K treatment||1/4K treatment||1/8K treatment|
|Fresh weight (g/plant)||15.1 ± 2.0||25.9 ± 4.7||NS||22.6 ± 4.6||NS||18.9 ± 3.2||NS|
|Leaf number par plant||14.4 ± 0.9||13.2 ± 1.1||NS||13.4 ± 1.6||NS||13.6 ± 1.0||NS|
|Water content (%)||92.9 ± 0.2||94.0 ± 0.2||**||93.4 ± 0.4||NS||93.2 ± 0.2||NS|
|SPAD value||43.5 ± 1.5||38.3 ± 0.6||**||42.0 ± 1.5||NS||48.0 ± 0.8||**|
Table 2 shows the content of magnesium, calcium, sodium, sulfur, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the harvest. The content of the major element except sulfur increased by the treatment that had low potassium concentration. Sodium contents increased conspicuously. Sodium content was 828 μg per 1 g of fresh weight in the 1/8 K treatment, which had the lowest potassium concentration and was 12.7-fold of the control.
|Control||1/2K treatment||1/4K treatment||1/8K treatment|
|Calcium||331 ± 29.2||308 ± 23.7||NS||375 ± 30.6||NS||528 ± 44.9||**|
|Magnesium||371 ± 8.6||325 ±
|NS||462 ± 28.9||*||465 ± 25.2||**|
|Sodium||65.2 ± 2.8||108 ± 6.5||***||648 ± 82.9||***||828 ± 57.1||***|
|Sulfur||337 ± 5.3||289 ± 10.4||**||356 ± 37.4||NS||340 ± 13.4||NS|
|Copper||0.5 ± 0.03||0.4
|NS||0.4 ± 0.02||*|
|Iron||6.4 ± 0.19||4.7
|***||7.3 ± 1.14||NS||7.4 ± 0.51||NS|
|NS||12.2 ± 1.90||NS||13.8 ± 0.84||NS|
|***||3.5 ± 0.52||NS||3.4 ± 0.32||*|
2.1.2. Cultivation without potassium applications during the latter half of the growth period
Spinach plants that were grown hydroponically received one of three treatments:
Treatment not to include potassium in water culture medium for 1 week before the harvest (1W0K treatment)
Treatment to reduce potassium concentration to 1/4 of the control before 2 weeks of the harvest and not to include potassium before 1 week (1 W1/4 K treatment)
Treatment do not include potassium in water culture medium for 2 weeks before the harvest (2W0K treatment)
The potassium content significantly decreased in comparison with a control in each treatment (Figure 2). The potassium content was 4.79, 3.61, and 1.71 mg per 1 g of fresh weight in 1W0K treatment, 1 W1/4 K treatment, and 2W0K treatment, respectively. They had lower 40, 55, and 79% than a control in 1W0K treatment, 1 W1/4 K treatment, and 2W0K treatment, respectively.
Fresh weight, the number of leaves, water content, and the SPAD value in each treatment at the harvest are shown in Table 3. There was no significant difference at the time of a harvest in fresh weight, the number of leaves, and the SPAD value by the low potassium treatments. The water content showed 94.3% in 1W0K treatment and slightly increased compared with a control. However, there was no significant difference than a control by other treatment.
|Control||1W0K treatment||1W1/4K treatment||s2W0K treatment|
|Fresh weight (g/plant)||15.1 ± 2.0||23.3 ± 5.3||NS||14.8 ± 2.5||NS||15.8 ± 2.3||NS|
|Leaf number par plant||14.4 ± 0.9||14.5 ± 1.4||NS||14.2 ± 1.2||NS||14.0 ± 0.3||NS|
|Water content (%)||92.9 ± 0.2||94.3 ± 0.2||**||93.3 ± 0.2||NS||93.1 ± 0.3||NS|
|SPAD value||43.5 ± 1.5||42.4 ± 1.2||NS||44.0 ± 1.2||NS||43.7 ± 1.3||NS|
Table 4 shows the content of magnesium, calcium, sodium, sulfur, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the harvest. The content of the major element except sulfur increased by the low potassium treatments. Sodium contents increased conspicuously. Sodium content was 1646 μg per 1 g of fresh weight in the 2W0K treatment, which had the lowest potassium concentration and was 25.3-fold of the control.
|Control||1W0K treatment||1W1/4K treatment||2W0K treatment|
|Calcium||331 ± 29.2||566 ± 39.8||**||712 ± 68.2||***||767 ± 40.4||***|
|Magnesium||371 ± 8.6||408 ± 32.6||NS||424 ± 53.7||NS||475 ± 17.1||***|
|Sodium||65 ± 2.8||983 ± 26.5||***||1357 ± 35.8||***||1646 ± 124.7||***|
|Sulfur||337 ± 5.3||270 ± 23.7||*||300 ± 15.8||NS||348 ± 7.1||NS|
|Copper||0.5 ± 0.03||0.4 ± 0.03||**||0.5 ± 0.03||NS||0.5 ± 0.05||NS|
|Iron||6.4 ± 0.19||5.8 ± 0.93||NS||6.0 ± 0.52||NS||7.5 ± 0.24||**|
|Manganese||13.5 ± 1.78||12.6 ± 1.03||NS||13.8 ± 0.70||NS||19.1 ± 0.91||*|
|Zinc||4.5 ± 0.18||2.3 ± 0.21||***||2.1 ± 0.11||***||2.4 ± 0.06||***|
From these results, it was revealed that we could reduce potassium more effectively without inhibiting growth by the cultivation method with no potassium applications during the latter half of the growth period.
2.2. Adaptation of the cultivation method for other leafy vegetables
Using a result concerned with the spinach , cultivation to reduce potassium without inhibiting growth was investigated in red leaf lettuce (
Table 5 shows the changes in the ion content in the three leafy vegetables at harvest for each treatment. The potassium contents of red leaf lettuce, asparagus lettuce, and komatsuna in the control group were 3634, 3709, and 4226 μg per 1 g of fresh weight, respectively, and those in the potassium-restricted group were 1026, 1545, and 1315 μg, respectively. These values represent a significant reduction in potassium levels: 28, 42, and 31% of the control, respectively. The sodium content in all plants and the magnesium contents in the red leaf lettuce and asparagus lettuce were increased significantly when the potassium supply was restricted. Particularly, the sodium content was markedly increased. The sodium contents in red leaf lettuce, asparagus lettuce, and komatsuna in the control group were 77, 38, and 139 μg per 1 g of fresh weight, respectively, while those in the potassium-restricted group were 1031, 477, and 1692 μg, respectively. This represents a 13.4-fold, a 12.6-fold, and a 12.2-fold, respectively, increase as compared with the control group.
|Red leaf lettuce||Asparagus lettuce||Komatsuna|
|Control||Potassium restricted||Control||Potassium restricted||Control||Potassium restricted|
|Potassium||3634 ± 146||1026 ± 48||*||3709 ± 230||1545 ± 90||*||4226 ± 192||1315 ± 36||*|
|Calcium||373 ± 17||364 ± 12||NS||316 ± 20||287 ± 11||NS||1349 ± 71||1406 ± 59||NS|
|Magnesium||375 ± 15||492 ± 15||*||206 ± 13||299 ± 12||*||377 ± 24||416 ± 20||NS|
|Sodium||77 ± 11||1031 ± 55||*||38 ± 2||477 ± 37||*||139 ± 11||1692 ± 60||*|
Table 6 shows fresh weight, dry weight, and water content at harvest for each treatment group. For all plants, there was no significant difference in these measurements as compared with the control group. These results showed that there was no change in the plant growth, despite the potassium restriction.
|Red leaf lettuce||Asparagus lettuce||Komatsuna|
|Control||Potassium restricted||Control||Potassium restricted||Control||Potassium restricted|
|Fresh weight (g)||53.9 ± 4.1||50.3 ± 4.3||NS||39.8 ± 4.6||40.6 ± 3.2||NS||176.1 ± 22.0||178.4 ± 11.1||NS|
|Dry weight (g)||3.4 ± 0.2||3.1 ± 0.3||NS||1.7 ± 0.3||1.6 ± 0.2||NS||10.4 ± 1.5||10.2 ± 0.6||NS|
|Water content (%)||93.7 ± 0.2||93.8 ± 0.2||NS||95.7 ± 0.2||96.0 ± 0.2||NS||94.1 ± 0.2||94.3 ± 0.2||NS|
Despite the reduction of potassium supply, plant growth was maintained and some other ion contents were increased. One of the roles of potassium ion is to adjust osmotic potential. Therefore, the number of moles of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium ions per fresh weight was calculated to show the total number of moles of these ions (Figure 3). The number of moles of sodium and magnesium ions was greater in the potassium-restricted group for all plants. However, the total number of moles in the potassium-restricted group was 83 and 71% of that of the control group in red leaf lettuce and asparagus lettuce, respectively. For komatsuna, the total number of moles in the potassium-restricted group was 98% of that of the control group.
2.3. Examination of the cultivation method of the tomato with low potassium content
Treatment not to include potassium in water culture medium after the first fruit developed at the first truss (0 K treatment).
Treatment in a water culture medium alternated every week with and without potassium after the first fruit developed at the first truss (1W0K treatment).
Table 7 shows the changes in ion content in tomatoes at harvest in each treatment group. The potassium contents in the potassium-restricted groups (1W0K and 0 K treatments) in all trusses were reduced significantly when compared with the control. The potassium content of the control group was 1551–2126 μg per 1 g of fresh weight in each truss. On the other hand, the potassium contents were 1382–1645 μg in the 1W0K treatment group and 790–1335 μg in the 0 K treatment group. The percentages were 74–89% and 45–73% of the control group for the 1W0K and 0 K treatment groups. In the fifth truss of the 0 K treatment group, no fruit was harvested by the growth inhibition due to the potassium-restricted treatment.
|Fresh weight (g/fruit)||Control||39.9 ± 1.7||a||40.8 ± 2.0||a||44.3 ± 2.1||a||45.5 ± 2.0||b||46.3 ± 2.0||a|
|1W0K||39.5 ± 2.1||a||42.7 ± 1.7||a||50.3 ± 1.7||a||49.8 ± 2.0||a||51.5 ± 1.8||a|
|0K||42.7 ± 1.8||a||43.6 ± 2.4||a||48.5 ± 3.2||a||34.9 ± 2.7||c|
|Number of fruit||Control||13.0 ± 1.5||a||13.0 ± 1.0||a||11.7 ± 0.9||a||13.3 ± 1.8||a||9.3 ± 0.7||a|
|1W0K||11.3 ± 0.3||a||16.7 ± 0.3||b||12.7 ± 0.7||a||10.0 ± 1.0||ab||9.3 ± 0.9||a|
|0K||10.7 ± 0.7||a||10.7 ± 0.3||a||7.0 ± 2.0||a||5.3 ± 0.9||b|
|Soluble Solids Content
|Control||6.9 ± 0.1||a||6.6 ± 0.1||a||6.5 ± 0.1||a||6.2 ± 0.1||a||5.6 ± 0.1||a|
|1W0K||6.7 ± 0.1||a||6.4 ± 0.1||a||6.2 ± 0.1||a||5.5 ± 0.1||b||5.2 ± 0.1||b|
|0K||6.7 ± 0.1||a||6.6 ± 0.1||a||5.8 ± 0.2||b||4.9 ± 0.3||c|
|Control||1825 ± 35.0||a||2013 ± 57.3||a||2126 ± 77.9||a||1747 ± 37.7||a||1551 ± 22.6||a|
|1W0K||1429 ± 26.2||b||1489 ± 27.2||b||1645 ± 48.1||b||1458 ± 39.7||b||1382 ± 22.7||b|
|0K||1335 ± 26.5||b||1155 ± 33.2||c||1072 ± 48.2||c||790 ± 47.5||c|
|Control||36.8 ± 3.5||b||59.0 ± 16.2||ab||58.1 ± 7.0||b||74.4 ± 4.4||a||61.3 ± 3.7||a|
|1W0K||47.9 ± 3.9||b||53.1 ± 7.7||b||107.9 ± 5.0||a||84.3 ± 3.8||a||64.0 ± 5.7||a|
|0K||61.8 ± 3.4||a||95.7 ± 9.2||a||80.6 ± 6.7||b||90.0 ± 8.3||a|
|Control||75.1 ± 2.7||b||97.5 ± 2.7||b||100.8 ± 3.2||a||98.7 ± 3.5||a||89.0 ± 2.2||b|
|1W0K||77.4 ± 3.1||ab||95.4 ± 2.2||b||107.2 ± 2.5||a||96.7 ± 2.0||a||96.9 ± 2.2||a|
|0K||84.8 ± 2.3||a||111.9 ± 2.7||a||109.5 ± 4.5||a||95.1 ± 4.9||a|
|Control||46.9 ± 5.6||b||34.6 ± 9.6||c||57.3 ± 5.6||c||75.3 ± 3.2||c||16.9 ± 2.2||b|
|1W0K||59.9 ± 3.5||b||69.4 ± 3.8||b||99.5 ± 8.6||b||106.3 ± 4.4||b||32.3 ± 2.3||a|
|0K||87.5 ± 6.7||a||114.9 ± 4.5||a||179.0 ± 11.5||a||160.3 ± 13.0||a|
Calcium and magnesium content was affected slightly by the treatment with potassium restriction (Table 7). The calcium content was significantly higher than that in the control group in the third truss of 1W0K treatment and in the first truss of 0 K treatment. The magnesium content was significantly higher than that in the control group in the fifth truss of 1W0K treatment and in the first and the second trusses of 0 K treatment. On the other hand, the sodium content was drastically increased by the treatment with potassium restriction. The sodium contents were 60–106 μg in the 1W0K treatment group and 88–179 μg in the 0 K treatment group. The percentages were 128–200% and 187–332% of the control group in the 1W0K and 0 K treatment groups.
Fresh weight of fruits and the total number of fruits harvested were not affected significantly by the two treatments with potassium restriction, except for the fourth and the fifth truss of the 0 K treatment group (Table 7). In the fourth truss of the 0 K treatment group, fresh weight and the total number of fruit were significantly lower than that in the control group. In the 1W0K treatment group, the fresh weight in the fourth truss and the number of fruits in the second truss were higher than that in the control group. Overall, the total fruit yield was not significantly changed by the two treatments with potassium restriction, except for the fourth and the fifth trusses in the 0 K treatment group.
Soluble solids content and water content were affected by the treatment with potassium restriction (Table 7). Compared to that in the control group, the soluble solids content was significantly lower in the fourth and the fifth trusses of the 1W0K treatment group and in the third and the fourth trusses of the 0 K treatment group. Water content was significantly higher than that in the control in the second to the fifth trusses of the 1W0K treatment group and in the second to the fourth trusses of the 0 K treatment group.
2.4. Elucidation of a change of the ascorbic acid content under the low potassium condition and the mechanism
Ogawa et al.  hypothesized that a higher ascorbic acid content results when glucose content, in the form of an ascorbate matrix, increases in a plant. It has been suggested that glucose content increases by osmoregulation when lettuce and spinach are grown hydroponically without potassium during the latter half of their growth period. The relationship among ascorbic acid content, glucose content, and the activity of L-galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase (EC 220.127.116.11; GLDH) was investigated in red leaf lettuce (
In frilly lettuce, the ascorbic acid level with potassium restriction treatment was 1.5 times higher than that in the control (Table 8). At this time, glucose content and the GLDH activity with potassium restriction treatment were 1.7 and 2.2 times higher than those in the control, respectively. Similarly, in spinach, ascorbic acid content, glucose content, and GLDH activity with potassium restriction treatment were 1.4, 2.4, and 1.8 times higher than those in the control, respectively. In green lettuce, the ascorbic acid level with potassium restriction treatment was 1.5 times higher than that in the control, although glucose content and GLDH activity did not change. In red leaf lettuce, ascorbic acid content and GLDH activity did not change with potassium restriction treatment, although glucose content increased significantly.
|Red leaf lettuce||Asparagus lettuce||Komatsuna||Spinach|
|Control||Potassium restricted||Control||Potassium restricted||Control||Potassium restricted||Control||Potassium restricted|
|Vitamin C content (μmol/g FW)||1.05 ± 0.31||0.94 ± 0.22||NS||0.20 ± 0.03||0.38 ± 0.04||*||0.29 ± 0.04||0.44 ± 0.02||*||0.80 ± 0.12||1.16 ± 0.10||*|
|Glucose content (μmol/g FW)||10.01 ± 1.31||39.86 ± 6.26||**||6.02 ± 1.39||5.75 ± 1.24||NS||3.29 ± 0.44||5.58 ± 0.85||*||2.96 ± 0.23||8.28 ± 1.46||**|
|GLDH activity (nmol/min mg protein)||49.10 ± 4.26||40.70 ± 6.40||NS||32.56 ± 5.39||25.98 ± 5.66||NS||13.74 ± 3.01||30.25 ± 4.49||*||17.88 ± 1.87||32.54 ± 4.36||*|
Potassium content was successfully reduced in leafy vegetables, with no significant change in fresh weight when using the hydroponic method in which potassium was applied in the early period and not applied during the last 7–10 days before harvest (Figure 2 and Table 5). The potassium content for the “no potassium” group was 30–40% of the control group. Furthermore, the potassium content in tomato was reduced significantly by the 1W0K and 0 K treatments with no decrease in fresh weight per fruit (Table 7). It was reported that despite the presence of very low potassium concentrations in the culture medium, the amount of potassium in the plant tissues was sufficient to sustain the plant vegetative growth .
The total fruit yield of tomatoes decreased in the upper truss of the 0 K treatment group. The soluble solids content was decreased significantly, and the water content was increased significantly in the upper truss of the “no potassium” group (Table 7). It has been reported that potassium deficiency can reduce stomatal aperture, thereby impairing CO2 fixation, disrupting the conversion of light energy to chemical energy, and the phloem export of photosynthates from the source to sink organs . It was believed that we should use the technique by the low node-order pinching and high-density planting when you cultivated a low potassium tomato.
When potassium content was reduced drastically, sodium and magnesium contents were increased significantly in leafy vegetables (Tables 2, 4, and 5) and tomatoes (Table 7). It is suggested that the increments of these ions compensated for the potassium reduction. The presence of sodium and magnesium ions is important in alleviating the effects of potassium deficiency. It is suggested that the increase in sodium and magnesium concentrations occurred in response to the decrease in potassium [17, 18]. Potassium ions and magnesium ions have similar roles in osmotic adjustment, enzyme activation, and cellular pH control . It was reported that the absorption of magnesium was increased when the amount of potassium fertilization was reduced in soybeans . Sodium ions could replace potassium ion in nonspecific physiological and biochemical functions . It was reported that substituting 20% NaCl for 20% KCl showed no significant effects on plant growth in spinach grown in sand culture . In this study, the total number of moles in potassium-restricted treatments was lower than those in control, and the decline in potassium ions was not explained sufficiently by the increase in the other three ions in red leaf lettuce, asparagus lettuce (Figure 3), and tomato (data not shown). It was reported that other solutes, for example sugars and amino acids, contribute to osmotic adjustment . It is considered that the absence of normal potassium levels resulted in an increase in the concentration of these solutes.
The concentration of sodium increased with the reduction in potassium concentration. An increase in sodium intake is not advisable for dialysis patients because it leads to hyperpiesia and edema. It is necessary to evaluate the benefits of the reduction of potassium against the risks of the increase of sodium intake for dialysis patients whose potassium intake should be restricted to 1500–2000 mg per day  and NaCl (equivalent to 2000–3200 mg sodium) intake should be restricted 5000–8000 mg per day. Therefore, sodium intake must be limited to 1.3–1.6-fold of potassium intake. The potassium content per 1 g fresh weight of spinach, red leaf lettuce, asparagus lettuce, and komatsuna in the potassium-restricted groups reduced by 6.26, 2.90, 2.17, and 2.69 mg compared with the control group, respectively (Figure 2 and Table 5), while the sodium contents increased by 1.58, 0.95, 0.44, and 1.66 mg, respectively (Tables 4 and 5). Therefore, the reduction of potassium was greater than the increase in sodium in each plant. In addition, potassium intake can only be determined by a patient’s diet. Consequently, eating food with low potassium content is an effective way to limit the potassium intake. On the other hand, limiting the amount of salt used is a more effective way of reducing sodium intake than concentrating only on eating foods with low sodium content. We conclude that the benefits of reducing the intake of potassium are greater than the risks of increasing the intake of sodium.
The increase in glucose content in frilly lettuce and spinach for osmoregulation during potassium restriction treatment supports our hypothesis and resulted in elevated ascorbic acid levels (Table 8). A significant association between glucose content and ascorbic acid content in tomato under a salt stress condition has been previously reported . It was reported that exogenous glucose treatment increased the ascorbic acid content in rice roots . The increase in ascorbic acid content by potassium restriction was accompanied by an increase in GHLD activity (Table 8). Previous studies showed that ascorbic acid accumulates when GHDL is upregulated [26, 27]. Therefore, the increase in ascorbic acid content observed in this study may be attributable to the accumulation of the ascorbate matrix and the upregulation of GHDL during potassium restriction.
Glucose content and GLDH activity did not change with potassium restriction in green lettuce, although the level of ascorbic acid increased (Table 8). These findings suggest that an indicator induced an increase in the level of metabolites from glucose to ascorbic acid. It was reported that ascorbic acid content increased when exogenous galactonolactone was introduced . In wheat, ascorbic acid contents change without increasing its GHDL activity . These results support the results that ascorbic acid content increased without changes in glucose levels and GLDH activity.
Glucose content increased with potassium restriction in red reef lettuce, although GLDH activity and ascorbic acid content remained the same. These results suggest that glucose is also used by other metabolic systems such as the glycolytic pathway and the synthesis pathways for cellulose and starch.
In this chapter, the author demonstrated a cultivation method to reduce the potassium content in leafy vegetables without causing significant potassium deficiency symptoms. Potassium content was also successfully reduced in tomatoes, with no significant change in the fresh weight per fruit, although the total yield was reduced. Furthermore, the author showed the changes of minerals and the ascorbic acid content and the mechanism. These results will contribute to an improvement in the dietary quality of dialysis patients.
This study was partially supported by the Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (Grant number JPMJCR15O4).
Coresh J, Jafar TH. Disparities in worldwide treatment of kidney failure. The Lancet. 2015; 385(9981):1926-1928
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Putcha N, Allon M. Management of hyperkalemia in dialysis patients. Seminars in Dialysis. 2007; 20:431-439
Spital A, Stems RH. Potassium homeostasis in dialysis patients. Seminars in Dialysis. 1988; 1:14-20
Weiner ID, Wingo CS. Hyperkalemia: A potential silent killer. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 1998; 9:1535-1543
Burrowes JD, Ramer NJ. Removal of potassium from tuberous root vegetables by leaching. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2006; 16(4):304-311
Burrowes JD, Ramer NJ. Changes in potassium content of different potato varieties after cooking. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2008; 18(6):530-534
Krishnamurthy VM, Wei G, Baird BC, Murtaugh M, Chonchol MB, Raphael KL, et al. High dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased inflammation and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney International. 2012; 81(3):300-306
Schachtman D, Liu W. Molecular pieces to the puzzle of the interaction between potassium and sodium uptake in plants. Trends in Plant Science. 1999; 4(7):281-287
Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Jones CA. Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops. 3rd ed. New York: CRC Press; 2010
Ogawa A, Yamauchi A. Root osmotic adjustment under osmotic stress in maize seedlings. 2. Mode of accumulation of several solutes for osmotic adjustment in the root. Plant Production Science. 2006; 9(1):39-46
Ogawa A, Taguchi S, Kawashima C. A cultivation method of spinach with a low potassium content for patients on dialysis. Japanese Journal of Crop Science. 2007; 76:232-237 (In Japanese with English abstract)
Ogawa A, Eguchi T, Toyofuku K. Cultivation methods for leafy vegetables and tomatoes with low potassium content for dialysis patients. Environmental Control in Biology. 2012; 50(4):407-414
Ogawa A, Fujita S, Toyofuku K. A cultivation method for lettuce and spinach with high levels of vitamin C using potassium restriction. Environmental Control in Biology. 2014; 52(2):95-99
Hafsi C, Atia A, Lakhdar A, Debez A, Abdelly C. Differential responses in potassium absorption and use efficiencies in the halophytes Catapodium rigidumand Hordeum maritimumto various potassium concentrations in the medium. Plant Production Science. 2011; 14(2):135-140
Cakmak I. The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 2005; 168(4):521-530
Diem B, Godbold DL. Potassium, calcium and magnesium antagonism in clones of Populus Trichocarpa. Plant and Soil. 1993; 155(1):411-414
Pujos A, Morard P. Effects of potassium deficiency on tomato growth and mineral nutrition at the early production stage. Plant and Soil. 1997; 189(2):189-196
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Itoh R, Yamagishi J, Ishii R. Effects of potassium deficiency on leaf growth, related water relations and accumulation of solutes in leaves of soybean plants. Japanese Journal of Crop Science. 1997; 66(4):691-697
Flowers TJ, Läuchli A. Sodium versus potassium: Substitution and compartmentation. In: Läuchli A, Pirson A, editors. Inorganic Plant Nutrition Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. Vol. 15B. Berlin: Springer Inc.; 1983. p. 651-681
Tomemori H, Hamamura K, Tanabe K. Interactive effects of sodium and potassium on the growth and photosynthesis of spinach and komatsuna. Plant Production Science. 2002; 5(4):281-285
Agondi RF, Gallani MC, Rodrigues RC, Cornelio ME. Relationship between beliefs regarding a low salt diet in chronic renal failure patients on dialysis. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2011; 21(2):160-168
Zushi K, Matsuzoe N. Seasonal and cultivar differences in salt-induced change in ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid contents of tomato fruit. Environmental Control in Biology. 2007; 45(3):165-171
Guo Z, Tan H, Zhu Z, Lu S, Zhou B. Effect of intermediates on ascorbic acid and oxalate biosynthesis of rice and in relation to its stress resistance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2005; 43(10):955-962
Liu W, An H-M, Yang M. Overexpression of Rosa roxburghiiL-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase in tobacco plant enhances ascorbate accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2013; 35(5):1617-1624
Shi S, Ma F, Li Y, Feng F, Shang Z. Overexpression of L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) in Lanzhou lily ( Lilium davidiiVar. unicolor) via particle bombardment-mediated transformation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Plant. 2012; 48(1):1-6
Bartoli CG, Guiamet JJ, Kiddle G, Pastori GM, Di Cagno R, Theodoulou FL, et al. Ascorbate content of wheat leaves is not determined by maximal L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity under drought stress. Plant, Cell & Environment. 2005; 28(9):1073-1081

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Rated 5 out of 5 by lynne2013 Natures Variety, good food
This is a high quality, grain free food from a company who seems to strive to put out the best product possible. My cats also love the chicken and turkey version of this canned food.
Also, very important to us is that there is no Carrageenan in the ingredients and no BPA is used in the lining of the 3 and 5.5 oz cans. These things are very important to informed pet parents when trying to make informed choices to benefit the health of our beloved companions.
March 18, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by khowz2018 great food
my cats love this food and with my one cat having ibs its the only thing he can eat that will help his stomach. its a good value for the price and mrchewy is a great place to get it because its cheaper than the stores and their shipping is super fast.
February 17, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Chaton Fantastic
This food is a Godsend for cats with food sensitivities. Unlike other lamb products, this particular Nature's Variety does NOT have other protein sources that could be problematic - there isn't any chicken or fish hiding halfway through the ingredients list. My cats love it!
December 30, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 by Kittycat Too much calories per can
My cat gained 2 pounds after eating this product for 2 months. The 3 oz lamb can contains 141 calories. The chicke flavor is 20 calories less. If your cat lives on this lamb can ( two cans per day), 40 extra calories per day makes a big difference.
July 1, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by kasharoo Food Allergies
My cat has been suffering from a food allergy for about 2 years. His allergy was giving him diarrhea any time he ate, and prevented him from using the litter box because he was hurting so much. This is the only thing we've found that works, combined with steroid shots. The food by itself didn't solve the issue (but it helped a lot!), and neither did the shot. Combine them together, and I have a comfortable and happy kitty for the first time in a long time. So far he tolerates the lamb and rabbit formulas, and I will be trying another flavor soon to add some more variety to his diet. Thank you so much Nature's Variety!!!! I had lost all hope there for awhile.
October 5, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Animalpal One of the best pet foods I have found
I work with animal rescuers & do a lot of research on Pet Nutrition. This is one of the best foods I've found.
Someone said their pet didn't like this because it was too dry. Just add some water to the food, mix it in - and it becomes as moist as you - and your pet - like.
No Carrageenan and no Ethoxyquin! And, no other nasties.
January 4, 2013
Rated 4 out of 5 by fostermom healthy, but a little hard in the can
I got this food for my little foster kittens, since the shelter was not really providing good quality food for these little ones. At first, I was a little disappointed, because it was sorta hard in the can, even though it had "juice" in the can with it. Once I chopped it up a bit, the kittens really seemed to like it just fine. I like the fact that is is corn, wheat, soy and chemical free. These little ones need all the help they can get.
July 5, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Kathy5033 Nature's Variety Instinct Canned Cat Food
My cat has food allergies. We tried this food while waiting for blood test results. This and the rabbit. He's been eating it for a month now. I think he would like more variety in his diet. He loves chicken, but hasn't had any for a month. He really loved this food for the first week, but starting to get tired of it. I will keep feeding him this along with some tuna or salmon if it turns out that he's not allergic to fish. It really is a great food if your cat has allergies.
April 9, 2012

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Social Democratic Party (PSD) candidate in the presidential elections Viorica Dancila said she voted for "a Romania of welfare and guaranteed rights." "I voted for a Romania of welfare, a Romania of guaranteed rights, a secure and dignified Romania, where Romanians should not live in fear of the next day, of not having what to put on the table, of not having money for medicines or bills.
President Klaus Iohannis stated in Ramnicu Valcea on Friday that most of the meetings he attended in the presidential elections campaign weren't party meetings, but meetings with the Romanians. "I traveled the country a lot, more than some who have been recently touring the country and accuse me that I have never been [across the country]. I know Romania very well, I know Romanians very well.
Social Democratic Party (PSD) candidate in the presidential elections Viorica Dancila has stated in Targu-Jiu on Friday, that head of state Klaus Iohannis "is a dictator president, who wants to lead from the stand of the Presidential Administration," but Romanians want a president to respond to their problems and questions. "What we see these days should worry us all.
President Klaus Iohannis urges Romanians to vote through a video message posted on his Facebook page on Friday, showing that in 2016 "absenteeism brought the PSD [the Social Democratic Party] to power, the most harmful governance in the post-December history." "Starting today, for three days, Romanians abroad vote in the presidential elections.
A polling station in Germany could not open on Friday, on the first day of the presidential election for Romanians abroad, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) reported on Friday.
President Klaus Iohannis stated on Wednesday that the investiture of the "Ludovic I" Government on the first attempt is a great achievement and he told his supporters that the Social Democratic Party (PSD) continues to be a strong opponent. "You know what is the difference between me and the PSD?
Romania needs an active and present president, who does not step in only when crisis strikes, Save Romania Union (USR) presidential hopeful Dan Barna tells AGERPRES in an interview. He adds that if he wins the elections, Romania will have for the first time a president from the private sector, after "two teachers, a book publisher and a ship commander" who came from the public sector.
National leader of the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania (UDMR) Kelemen Hunor, a presidential hopeful, told a news conference in Sfantu Gheorghe on Tuesday that Romania would look "much better" in the future if he became the president of the country.
President Klaus Iohannis stated on Sunday at the "Liberal women award excellency" Gala, organised by the Liberal Women Organisation and the National Liberal Party (PNL) Sibiu branch, that the reason why Romania hasn't managed yet to fully get rid of communism is "called the PSD [the Social Democratic Party]." In the speech he delivered before the Liberal women, Iohannis spoke about how normal R
President Klaus Iohannis stated on Sunday at the "Liberal women award excellency" Gala, organised by the Liberal Women Organisation and the National Liberal Party (PNL) Sibiu branch, that the reason why Romania didn't manage yet to fully get rid of communism is "called the PSD [the Social Democratic Party]." In the speech he delivered before the Liberal women, Iohannis spoke about how normal Ro


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EMPL recently started using two new manufacturing buildings at the Kaltenbach and Uderns sites, as an enormous expansion of its production capacities for manufacturing vehicles for the Tyrolean market.
This step is part of the company's long term plan to focus more strongly on its customers in Tyrol so it can continue supplying them with special-purpose solutions of the usual high quality.
In addition to creating capacities for manufacturing domestic commercial vehicles, the objective of this investment is also to optimise the production processes and to support customers with an improved service. This is an important step towards improving the company's ability to react to customer requirements and the increasing demand for customised special superstructures from the local market.
Continuous investments were made in the local market in recent years, whether by expanding the service and repair centre in Hall or by building the EMPL Academy at the Kaltenbach site. The company's participation in the world's largest trade fair for construction machines, BAUMA in Munich, also underlines the relevance of the commercial vehicles industry at EMPL.
Investments in recent years
The service site in Hall was already expanded with a new 880 m² workshop in 2015. The separation into a “black repair/service area” (e.g. construction vehicles) and a “white repair/service area” (e.g. food distribution vehicles, fire fighting) provided a clear improvement of the processes.
Additional conversions and investments in new machinery followed between 2016 and 2018, including a welding robot system and a fully automated bending cell at the main plant in Kaltenbach. With the “EMPL Academy”, which started up in September 2016, the company made a forward looking investment in the education and training of its employees and in training facilities for its customers.
To underline the importance of the regional commercial vehicles for EMPL, the company exhibited at the BAUMA trade fair in the spring of 2019 – for the first time in 20 years.
The new production buildings, especially for the local commercial vehicle market, were another strong signal for the Tyrolean market. Overall, the investment for both buildings was around 2.8 million euros, which also created additional jobs in the region.
In recent years, turnover increased substantially, ever new markets were opened up successfully and existing markets were expanded. In 2019, the Empl group of companies achieved a turnover of approx. 135 million euros with around 560 employees in Austria and Germany.
EMPL: Your vision – our challenge!


When is a screw not a screw: An examination of fastener nomenclature.
October 24, 2013 11:06 PM Subscribe
The difference between a bolt and a screw is a controversial topic. Confusingly, even some screws can also be bolts. Thankfully, the department of homeland security is on the case. The DHS notes, perhaps predictably, that "international standards are not necessarily applicable" to the US. In conclusion, fasteners are a land of contrasts.
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See Every Lyric From Parachute's Album 'Overnight' Before Its Release
Preview the album by checking out every single lyric ahead of release!
Nashville-based band Parachute are dropping their third studio album Overnight on August 13th, and if it's in the same vein as the album's lead single "Can't Help", we think you're going to like it. After we premiered the catchy single's lyric video in July, we couldn't stop playing the 80s-invoking track.
Some of pop music's most talented producers have contributed to the album — many of whom have worked with artists like Asher Roth, The Wanted, Kelly Clarkson, and even Carrie Underwood. It goes without saying then that Overnight has the potential to be a huge pop record.
As a special preview of the album, we're exclusively premiering every single lyric from Overnight. So have a look through Parachute's track list and get to know the words to the album before its released on 8/13:
1. Meant To Be
2. Can't Help
3. Drive You Home
6. Didn't See It Coming
7. The Other Side
8. Waiting For That Call
9. The Only One
12. Hearts Go Crazy
Watch the band's brand new music video for "Can't Help" below:
What's your favorite lyric from Overnight? Share it with us in the comments.
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What is the difference between S355JR and - steel platesIn S355JR and S355J2 steel, JR and J2 indicates the steel needs to do +20 impact test and -20 impact test respectively. The different impact temperature is the main difference between S355JR and S355J2 steel. S355J2 steel can better adapt to low temperature work condition than S355JR steel.
m s EN 10025 S235JR u channel steel european standard sizes. m s EN 10025 S235JR u channel steel european standard sizes.Size.50*37*4.5-400*104*14.5 (Check all size we can provide as U channel steel size list. european standardeuropean standardastm a36 equivalent to s275jrAstm Equivalent.BS EN10025 structural steel plate and equivalent ASTM.They have a lot in common and also many S235JR,S235JR steel plate - JOIN WIN STEELBS EN10025-2 S235JR steel is in the standard BS EN10025-2.BS EN10025-2 series steel grades include:S235JR(J0,J2) S275JR(J0,J2) S355JR(J0,J2) S355JR(J0,J2,K2) S450J0.

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