text:
Education should form part of prison sentences, says SE Cambs MP Lucy Frazer
- Credit: Archant
Education should form part of a prison sentence according to SE Cambs MP Lucy Frazer who said that seven out of ten young people re-offend within a year of leaving custody.
Ms Frazer took part in a House of Commons debate on prisons and probation where MPs heard that 67 per cent of young people leaving custody re-offend within the year and 72 per cent regularly played truant when at school.
“Half have no qualifications,” she said.
“I set out the importance of educating those in prison so that they can leave with opportunities for the future.”
The problem had nothing to do with party politics, she said, as: “Government after Government have grappled with the problem of how to reduce recidivism.
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“I hope that Dame Sally Coates will consider in her review whether it is appropriate for education to form part of a prison sentence, and whether a reduction in a sentence might incentivise prisoners to improve their skills.
“Nelson Mandela said that “no one truly knows a nation until one has been inside its jails. A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones.
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“It is the disadvantaged in society who end up in prison. The Secretary of State is therefore absolutely right to look into the provision of education in our prisons, as he is doing.
“We know, as the Centre for Social Justice reported, that prisoners who do not take part in any education or training during their years in prison are three times more likely to be reconvicted on release.
“It is important to look not only at the availability of education — it is already currently offered — but at how we can encourage people to take up such education.
“We should aim to cut not re-offending, but all offending. For those who are vulnerable, who lack skills and who mix in circles where there is truancy and crime, the other world may be daunting and difficult. Fear is sometimes the greatest prison of all.”


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fix articles 23253, nafta
US-Mexico Border Worker Solidarity March/Action Against NAFTA & For Driscolls Agricultur (tags)
Mexican and US workers and activists joined on both sides of the border to oppose the wall, racist attacks and NAFTA. They also called for unity of US and Mexican workers against the multi-nationals that exploit workers on both sides of the border
TTIP and CETA Must Be Prevented (tags)
Under TTIP, TPP and TiSA, corporations can sue states for lost profits. The German Judges Union calls additional protection of foreign investors "nonsense" that undermines democracy and the constitutional state.
Economist: "TTIP is Doomed" (tags)
Resistance rages across the two parties. Two hegemons negotiate who are not accustomed to making compromises. The US and the EU are like two proud gorillas. The lawyer branch will put up a fierce resistance to losing that niche.
New Nafta Interpretation allows Mexican 18 Wheelers into U.S> Markets (tags)
According to "Overdrive" Magazine April 2015 a new interpretation of NAFTA's 1996 agreement between Mexico City's Partido Revolucionario Institutional and PAN party of Vicente Fox will allow the Mexican Trucking Industry to compete for picking up and delivery jobs in U.S. markets 50 stat
Trans-Pacific Partnership Guarantee (tags)
NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor-State Disputes, 41 pp (tags)
TTIP is a crisis for democracy and the constitutional state. A parallel private arbitration system is marked by "secret tribunals" where only foreign investors can sue. Labor and environmental regulations could be chilled or repealed.
Rejecting TTIP, AFDL-CIO's Trumka Calls for "Global New Deal" (tags)
The demonization of anyone who talks about the dangers of concentrated wealth is based on a misreading of both the past and the present. Such talk isn’t un-American; it’s very much in the American tradition. So who will be this generation’s Teddy Roosevelt? (Paul Krugman)
US Trade Representative Dodges Senate Fast Track Hearing (tags)
The US Trade Representative (USTR) declined an invitation to testify at the Senate Finance Committee opening hearing on the controversial “Fast Track” legislation – leaving an Ohio Republican, Sen. Rob Portman, in the position of representing the White House...
NAFTA's Deplorable Legacy (tags)
TPP: NAFTA on Steroids (tags)
804 Dead & Counting in Bangladesh, while Wall St. Laughs it up all the way to the Bank (tags)
As The Death Toll in The Rana Plaza NAFTA Death Trap Building Collapse is now at 804 People Confirmed Dead and Rising Daily in Bangladesh, where Workers were paid 16 Cents an Hour to be Buried Alive in The Wall St. NAFTA Garment Death Trap, The People of Bangladesh continue to Suffer their Losses of loved ones, while Wall St. Bankers and Clothing Retailers like Walmart continue to laugh about their NAFTA Death Trap Profits of Death all The Way to The Bank.
Secret Trans-Pacific Partnership trade pact more draconian than NAFTA (tags)
The Trans-Pacific Partnership is intended to be a new floor in the ongoing effort to lock in the domination of industrialists and financiers through the multi-national corporations that they control.
GLP 2012 Presidential Campaign; No Corporate Lobbyist Funding Allowed! (tags)
Green Liberty Party is a fusion party between the Greens and the Libertarians that provides an alternative to the current status quo of Republicans and Democrats that are both heavily under the infuence of corporate lobbyists. To alleviate the corporate lobbyist dependency the GLP will not accept any campaign contributions larger than 10.00 from any anonymous individuals, and no money from corporations or professional lobbyist groups.
Community Activist Join Labor Against Phony "Trade" Deal (tags)
Progressive San Diego's official opposition to the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) — a NAFTA-like agreement seeking to subject the U.S. and a wide range of other countries to corporate dictatorship — began July 2 with a rally outside the Bayfront Hilton Hotel, where the TPP's negotiators are meeting. Speakers from labor, environmental, women's and Queer organizations explained what the TPP means to them and why it should be stopped.
NAFTA and European Union: Different sides of the Atlantic but same function (tags)
The logic of the multi-national euro currency is tighter economic integration and loss of popular sovereignty.
Repeal NAFTA to Restore Mexico's Economic Stability (tags)
The economic crisis in Mexico was worsened by the passage of NAFTA free trade agreement. Currently the neoliberal and neoconservative status quo politicians have appeared unable to try to repeal NAFTA, as if the document were written in stone and handed to William "Moses" Clinton by none other than God. Reality is that NAFTA was crafted by some very deceptive human beings who placed the interest of profits for corporations above the well being of the people of the U.S. and Mexico.
Repeal NAFTA/WTO is Ron Paul’s Answer to Undocumented Immigration & Domestic Job Losse (tags)
Part of promoting non-interventionist foreign policy is allowing for foreign nations to have self-determination and autonomy in their own economy. The greatest limiting factor to achieving democracy and self-determination in any nation is an unstable economy caused by unequal trade laws. This inequality between trade partners can occur because of different resource qualities or quantities or as a result of trade agreements that benefit one nation above another.
Smear Attacks Have No Effect, Ron Paul Still On Course To Win Iowa (tags)
Despite a barrage of smear attacks from every single corner of the mainstream media over the last two weeks, Ron Paul’s chances of winning the Iowa Republican Primary have if anything increased, with a new poll showing Paul increasing his lead over Mitt Romney while the New York Times’ primary projection shows Paul’s chances of winning at 60% compared with Romney at 31%.
Re-imagining Trade: NAFTA and Beyond (tags)
"Free trade regimes have become charters of rights and freedoms for the corporation.. Free trade is the policy of the powerful after they have become powerful. German economist Frederick List spoke of "the kicking away of the ladder."
The Rich Satanist on Wall St. are trying to get Immigrants Blamed for Job Losses (tags)
The Rich Apostles of Satan on Wall St. are working overtime to see that Immigrants get blamed for the Job Losses caused by The Fascist Trade Agreements. Don't fall for their Post 9-11 Misdirection Tactics.
American Style Free Trade (tags)
nothing fair about free trade
A Radical Proposal: Open the U.S.-Mexico Border (tags)
That's what immigrant rights activist David Schmidt called for at a September 21 meeting of Activist San Diego. Originally called to discuss the closure of Friendship Park along the U.S.-Mexico border, the meeting expanded into a consideration of border issues in general. Schmidt and his better-known co-speaker, Enrique Morones of Border Angels and Marcha Migrante, both questioned why under NAFTA and similar “free trade” agreements, capital, commerce and corporations are allowed to move freely across national boundaries — while workers are trapped inside their home countries and routinely exploited for the greater profits of capital. If business is free to locate wherever it wants, workers should be too, they said.
Cracks Emerging in NAFTA (tags)
The once-solid North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA) is starting to show its age. The 1994 trade agreement that laid the foundation for the economic/political integration of North America is encountering serious internal ruptures, threatening future “progress.” The problems are numerous: fights over trade, immigration, and military cooperation are all issues that Obama recently discussed in Mexico with his NAFTA partners, Mexico and Canada. The annual meeting that usually delivers plans for additional integration was instead used to remedy these heated issues, none of which were fully solved.
May Day March for Immigrants' Rights (tags)
There are several immigrants' rights marches and protests happening on May First. Ron Gochez, of the Southern California Immigration Coalition, talks about why people should come out and march.
U.S./Mexico Border Wall Risks Endangered Species Extinctions from Gene Isolation (tags)
Risks of the U.S./Mexico border wall on native species of ocelots and other mammals include extinction from genetic isolation of disconnected populations.
Rude Awakening in Mexico (tags)
US businesses invested $120 billion in Mexico between 1994 and 2006. Only 80,000 jobs were created per year while 730,000 Mexicans pressed on the labor market every year. While migration climbed 95% from 1980 to 1994, it soared an incredible 452% from 1994 to 2006.
Minutemen Welcome Your Articles on NAFTA/WTO (tags)
Here's an email to and response from the Minutemen concerning the impacts of NAFTA & WTO on increasing the rates of undocumented immigration to U.S. An open invitation from the Minutemen to publish articles explaining the links between NAFTA/WTO free trade policies and the resulting economic instability in Mexico and beyond, pushing the drive for undocumented immigration, and the exploitation of undocumented immigrants by U.S. corporations, especially slaughterhouses.
River City Animal Defense League Joins the Fight Against I-69 (tags)
On the evening of Monday, May 19th, the newly formed River City Animal Defense League (ADL) and friends made our public debut. We took to the neighborhoods, and more specifically the houses of executives and contractors of Gohmann Asphalt and Construction, Inc. Gohmann Asphalt and Construction, Inc. is a disgusting company that has decided to proceed with business in the construction of Interstate-69 (I-69) which is the North American Free Trade Agreement's (NAFTA) superhighway.
FCR-VC declaration against NAFTA and the Migra! (tags)
Today, January 1st 2008 the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) enters its final stage of implementation. NAFTA, since its inception, was designed to help the rich U.S. Agriculture and Industrial Corporations take over the markets of Mexico and destroy the small farms and national industries. It has caused millions of displaced or unemployed Raza to move to the cities or migrate to what today is the United States and Canada.
Hillary and Kucinich Drop Bombs in Democratic Debate (tags)
1) Hillary Admits Ross Perot won NAFTA Debate; 2) Hillary calls top six percent income earners "middle class;" 3) in Freudian slip, Hillary Admits Acceptance of Present Washington System; 4) Kucinich Raises Possibility of Third Party Campaign
Flies In The NAU Oinkment: BRIDGES (tags)
Evidence of increasing international trade truck traffic on Interstate 35 through Minnesota raises concerns that NAFTA Superhighway traffic contributed to last week's collapse of the freeway bridge in Minneapolis.
Canada Wins Its First NAFTA Decision! (tags)
The economy is a part of life, not a steamroller dominating all life and discourse and trashing past, present and future. Canada's win in the 7-year UPS case gives hope to all people in the struggle for sovereignty, self-determination and economic justice.
U.S. corporations profit from undocumented migrants (tags)
Minutemen/SOS racist assertions derail any open dialogue about NAFTA/WTO free trade policies as a source of undocumented immigration that enables corporations to exploit migrant farmworkers..
A backroom deal on trade? (tags)
Four bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs)--with Colombia, Peru, Panama and South Korea--are on the agenda this month for congressional approval, along with a June 30 deadline to reauthorize “trade promotion authority” (TPA) for George Bush. TPA, also known as “fast track” authority, allows the president to negotiate trade deals that Congress must either accept or reject, without amendment.
Border Fence- The Cost is Far Too High (tags)
A study released last December by the non-partisan Congressional Research Service says a proposed 700 mile stretch of fence, along the 2,000 mile U.S. – Mexico border, could cost an estimated $49 billion. But what the report fails to say, U.S. –built walls on the border would cost both the U.S. and Mexico trillions of dollars in economic losses over the predicted 25-year lifespan of the fence, and non-monetary damage to political and cultural relations between the two countries would also last for decades.
Self starting protests of Calderon's theft @ Mexican consulate (tags)
Theft of the election by Calderon comes at a perfect time for the Bush regime and their money hungry NAFTA/WTO/PPP sponsoring corporations thirsting for the agua, labor, bosques and cultural lifeblood of Mexico's southern Sierra Madre mountains, petroleum reserves etc.. Let's not allow Calderon, another imperialist lapdog from Fox's PAN party, to steal the Mexican presidency! Choicepoint and other corporate voter fraud devices need to be removed from interfering with the democratic electoral processes..
Asi es como el Nafta se ve
Illegal Alien Anglos in Mexico (tags)
Sign the Petition Demanding Full Rights for All Immigrants (tags)
DEMAND FULL RIGHTS FOR ALL IMMIGRANTS! ¡Exijo Derechos Plenos para los Inmigrantes! Sign the Peoples Petition / Firme la Petición Popular
ALERTA! CALL FOR ACTION AGAINST ARMED KKK MEMBERS HUNTING MEXICANS AT BORDER! (tags)
MINUTEMEN are patrolling AZ border, armed with various weapons, and have already "captured" as much as 141 people. WE MUST NOT BE SILENT DURING THIS! ORGANIZE NOW!
This Is What Free Trade Looks Like (tags)
On March 4, Flor y Canto brings you "This is What Free trade Looks Like" a new film by the Activist Media Project Los Angeles. It takes a Global South perspective on Free Trade in order to contextualize the increasingly fierce resistance movements emerging around the world today.
Silver Linings Dept: Russ Feingold Shows Dems the Way to 2008 (tags)
While Kerry’s timid Republican-lite, pro-war, pro-free trade campaign was a loser, progressive Sen. Russ Feingold, running against the war, against the Patriot Act, and against NAFTA, trounced his opponent to win a third term in bellweather Wisconsin, showing Democrats what they need to do to win next time.
To David Cobb - Please Cede California Ballot Line To Nader (tags)
For much of your campaign, you have stated that the purpose of your run is to "build the Green Party." Up to now, despite my personal disagreement over tactics, I have had no reason to doubt that. But the moment is here - an important historical moment for both our party and the nation - to learn whether or not that is, in fact, your intent.
Who Will Stop CAFTA Contest (tags)
Quest for Peace of the Quixote Center will run a full-page, New York Times signature ad in opposition to CAFTA- the Central American Free Trade Agreement. The 44,000 dollars and 2,500 signatures it takes is being raised from engaged citizens like you, who wish to proudly and publicly say "No" to CAFTA. The state with the highest number of signers (as a percentage of the state's total population) will be specifically acknowledged in the New York Times Ad. Show the country and Mr. Bush that your state will not tolerate CAFTA! See ad text below.
Building Bridges Radio -NAFTA at 10 (tags)
Building Bridges: Your Community and Labor Report presents this 27 minute radio program. TO LISTEN CLICK ON WEB LINK
The Real Cancun Part II: Voices of the Campesinos (tags)
Richard Perle is a Director of the Jerusalem Post (tags)
Corporate directors are nearly always called on to make important and sometimes difficult decisions regarding the personnel and policy of the business that they are directing. What standards apply to this seeming "conflict of interest," where Perle, who heads an important federal advisory panel, is also a director of a company which owns a media outlet in a foreign country ??
NAFTA's Chapter 11 Provision Protects Corporate Profits, Undermines... (tags)
Between The Lines' Melinda Tuhus spoke with Dan Seligman, director of the Sierra Club's Trade Program.
Nail Fast Track Now! (tags)
NOW'S THE TIME to bring pressure to bear directly on Congress to stop fast track legislation. They know that lots of people have been out in the street against the FTAA. They need to hear the same message from us as "ordinary constiuents." Background information and actions/instructions provided.
Comprehensive Analysis of NAFTA’s 7-year Record (tags)
The study found that contrary to promises and predictions at the time of NAFTA’s 1993 passage, North America’s farmers and consumers have not benefited from the pact — but many large agribusinesses have seen record profits during the period.
INVITATION TO NAFTA ENVIRONMENT COMMISSION MEETING IN JUNE 2001 (tags)
Executive Director of the NAFTA Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), Janine Ferretti, invites you to attend the public meetings of the 8th regular session of the Council of the CEC and parallel events on 27-29 June 2001, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico ;)
NAFTA AT SEVEN (tags)
Directly refuting the corporate media spin, NAFTA AT SEVEN provides a devastating picture of the results of NAFTA, which again refute the neoliberal orthodoxy and show the devastating effects of so-called "free trade agreements" on the citizens of all countries involved: Canada, Mexico and the U.S.
Leone Hankey's Statement on April 21 FTAA Protests at the border (tags)
Leone Hankey's Statement on the April 21 Protests at the San Diego/Tijuana border -- from an April 17 press conference outside the Mexican Consulate in Los Angeles.

domain: economics


While around 33,000 members from private enterprises and NGOs have registered for the PPF with the RICBL, only about 11,000 accounts are active as of now
The inability of the private sector to retain their employees for a longer period and employees leaving jobs frequently have been the biggest hurdle for them to institute the Private Provident Fund (PPF) and gratuity schemes as mandated by the Ministry of Labour and Human Resources (MoLHR).
However, the labor ministry continues to notify frequently that an employee in all the enterprises in the private sector must be entitled to the PPF and gratuity upon retirement from the service as per the Labour and Employment Act of Bhutan, 2007.
The notification also requests the private sector to participate in the PPF schemes either with the Royal Insurance Cooperation of Bhutan (RICBL) or Bhutan Insurance Limited (BIL) and also urges to activate the accounts that are left inactive.
RICBL’s Head of Financial Security and Services, Sonam Kesang said the PPF is a form of social safety net into which the employee and employer each contributes a minimum of 5% of an employee’s monthly salary.
She added that an employee can also contribute more depending upon their paying capacity (In certain cases, the employees can have the option of initiating the contribution without the equal contribution of the employer as per the type of employment).
“Most of the enterprises and employees contribute 5% as mandated by the law, however, only the Non-Governmental Organizations contribute high,” said Sonam Kesang, adding that the PPF scheme can benefit an individual with a risk-free return of 7% per annum and one can also avail a loan up to 70% of the total PPF accumulated.
Similarly, BIL provides a risk-free return of 6% to 7% and one can avail loans up to 95% of the PPF accumulated.
In five years from the day of the PPF contribution, employees are entitled to withdraw 50% of the contribution in times of emergency, explained Sonam Kesang. Most of the companies has availed the five years term, implying that below 5 years is entitled for 50% of contribution and after 5 years, entitled for 100% of the total accumulated PPF.
An official from BIL said that the internal norms of the registered member organizations govern on entitlements of the PPF refunds (whether full or partial) with the interest accumulations to employees in case of separation.
While RICBL records show about 33,000 members from private enterprises and NGOs have registered for the PPF, only about 11,000 accounts are active as of now.
Similarly, about 4,000 PPF accounts and about 40 to 50 gratuity fund accounts are maintained with BIL.
“With the pandemic, the PPF business has been impacted because many private enterprises have laid-off their employees,” Sonam Kesang said, adding that if the insurance company do not get a payable contribution for a month, the account becomes inactive.
The major challenges, according to Sonam Kesang, are frequent change in the members of the PPF in private enterprises because employee hops from one job to another and discontinuity of remittance leaving the PPF account inactive.
Coming to gratuity, Sonam Kesang said only a handful of private enterprises has availed the scheme because they focus on the PPF scheme.
RICBL is reviewing the interest rate soon on gratuity scheme. It presently receives an interest of 8% per annum.
An official from BIL said a lumpsum amount deposited by the employers in the insurance companies, a gratuity gets an average interest return of 7% annually.
While such schemes would inculcate indirect savings, Sonam Kesang, however, said Bhutanese have a poor habit of savings. “The private enterprises are availing the schemes because of the requirement of the law. On the other hand, if it was not, they would have not opted for,” she added.
Meanwhile, the proprietor of the Advance Institute for Tourism (AIT), Rinchen Khandu said, “It is very difficult in the private sector to provide PPF and gratuity as employees do not serve for longer duration leaving after three months or a year.” The AIT has not started the PPF scheme yet but plans to initiate the scheme.
“The private sector faces problems in retaining employees unlike the government,” he added.
He said that in place of the PPF and gratuity, the company provides high salary and yearly increment schemes to hold their employees back.
“As per the labor ministry’s notification, we have to follow the rules and regulations, but it is practically not going to work as it is borrowed ideas initiated in developed countries,” said Rinchen Khandu, adding that if a company does not follow, the ministry would revoke their license and they cannot run the institute, which is against the labor ministry’s policy to create jobs.
The proprietor of the Rigsum Institute of Technical Education and Management, Tenzin Dorji said the PPF scheme is beneficial for those enterprises if they can retain their employees for longer duration, otherwise it is loss of resources.
Tenzin Dorji’s company started the PPF scheme in 2000 and staff can claim the PPF after three years. However, no employee has claimed for gratuity until now, which requires 10 years of service.
Bhutan Engineering Company Private Limited has both the PPF and gratuity scheme. Its proprietor, Lav Rai said it is beneficial for the welfare of the staffs and other private enterprises should incorporate it.
Bhutan Elite Security Services has no problem with the PPF and gratuity scheme as the management briefs the staffs on their pros and cons. However, its proprietor, Dendup Tshering said if a staff absconds the company, he/she is not entitled to the benefits.
Meanwhile, the labor ministry has also notified that it would carry out strict monitoring and if any firm were found not complying, the provisions of the Labour and Employment Act of Bhutan, 2007 would apply.
Thukten Zangpo from Thimphu


PM Modi announces ‘another big decision’ on Ayodhya Ram Temple
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced that the Central government will hand over the 67-acre land acquired in Ayodhya to the newly formed Ram Temple trust tasked to oversee the construction of a grand ‘Mandir’ at Lord Rama’s birth site.
The Centre had acquired 67 acres of land around what was earlier known as “the disputed site” in Ayodhya. The SC had directed that this land stays with the Central government until the resolution of the dispute.
“ Government has taken another big decision related to the Ram Temple (in Ayodhya). The 67-acre land acquired under the Ayodhya law will be transferred in its entirety to the newly formed Shri Ram Janmbhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust. The grandeur and divinity of the Temple built on this big piece of land will increase,” Prime Minister Narendra Modi was quoted saying.
PM’s statement came during his address at the closing ceremony of the centenary celebrations of the Shri Jagadguru Vishwaradhya Gurukul in Varanasi on Sunday.
Modi also said that India’s identity was made through its collective tradition and culture and not defined by its rulers.
“India as a nation was never defined by who won and who lost. The concept of the nation here is formed not by ruling power but by people’s culture and traditions, it (the concept of the nation) is made by the people’s enterprise,” said the PM.
Priests of the gurukul helped the prime minister perform Puja at the event where he released the version of the ‘Shri Siddhant Shikhamani Granth’ in 19 different languages and its mobile application.
Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath was present at the occasion along with his Karnataka counterpart, Chief Minister BS Yediyurappa and the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Anandiben Patel.
PM Modi will also launch over 30 projects and inaugurate a 430-bed super-speciality government hospital and a 74-bed psychiatry hospital at the Banaras Hindu University in his constituency during his Sunday visit.
He will also flag off India’s first overnight private train, the ‘Maha Kaal Express’ through a video link. The train will connect three Jyotirling pilgrim centres of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, and Ujjain and Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh.
The PM will also dedicate Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Memorial Centre and unveil his 63-feet tall statue.


Arcade games have long been a popular form of entertainment, providing individuals with an engaging and immersive experience. With the rise of technology and advancements in gaming consoles, arcade games continue to captivate people of all ages. This article explores the enduring appeal of arcade games as a recreational option for fun and leisure.
Imagine stepping into a bustling arcade filled with vibrant lights, buzzing sounds, and rows upon rows of captivating game machines. Amidst this lively atmosphere, you find yourself drawn to a classic game like Pac-Man. As you take control of the iconic yellow character navigating through intricate mazes, your competitive spirit is ignited. The simplicity yet addictive nature of the gameplay keeps you engrossed for hours on end. This scenario exemplifies how arcade games offer not only entertainment but also serve as a social space where individuals can connect over shared experiences and compete against one another in friendly rivalry.
Arcade games offer a unique blend of nostalgia and innovation that appeals to both seasoned gamers and newcomers alike. Despite the advent of advanced home gaming consoles, arcades continue to hold their allure due to factors such as physical presence, interactive elements, and multiplayer capabilities. These characteristics contribute to the immersive experience provided by arcade games – an experience that cannot be replicated within the confines of one ‘s own home. The physical presence of an arcade allows players to interact with the game machines in a tangible way, using joysticks, buttons, and other physical controls that enhance the gameplay experience. This tactile engagement adds another layer of enjoyment and satisfaction for players.
Additionally, arcade games often feature interactive elements such as motion sensors or force feedback technology, further immersing players into the game world. Whether it’s feeling the rumble of a racing car or physically ducking behind cover in a shooting game, these interactive features elevate the gaming experience to new heights.
Furthermore, arcade games are known for their multiplayer capabilities, allowing friends and strangers alike to come together and compete against each other in real-time. This social aspect of arcade gaming fosters camaraderie and friendly competition among players. It creates an environment where individuals can connect with others who share their passion for gaming.
Arcade games also offer a wide variety of genres and styles to cater to different preferences. From classic retro games like Space Invaders and Donkey Kong to cutting-edge modern experiences like virtual reality simulations and rhythm-based dancing games, arcades provide something for everyone. This diversity ensures that there is always a new challenge waiting around every corner, keeping players engaged and coming back for more.
In conclusion, arcade games continue to captivate people because they offer a unique blend of nostalgia, innovation, and social interaction. The physical presence, interactive elements, multiplayer capabilities, and diverse range of game options create an immersive experience that cannot be replicated at home. So next time you step into an arcade filled with bustling excitement, embrace the opportunity to indulge in this timeless form of entertainment – after all, it’s not just about playing the games; it’s about being part of a vibrant community united by their love for arcade gaming.
The Evolution of Arcade Games
The Evolution of Arcade Games
Arcade games have come a long way since their inception, evolving from simple mechanical devices to sophisticated digital entertainment systems. One fascinating example that demonstrates this evolution is the game “Pong,” which was released in 1972 and quickly gained popularity. Pong introduced players to the concept of video gaming by simulating table tennis on a television screen.
To understand the growth and impact of arcade games over time, it is important to consider several key factors:
Technological Advancements: The advancement in technology has played a pivotal role in shaping the development of arcade games. In the early days, these games were powered by circuit boards and required specialized hardware for operation. However, with the advent of microprocessors and integrated circuits, arcade machines became more compact and cost-effective.
Immersive Gameplay Experience: Arcade games offer an immersive gameplay experience through captivating visuals, realistic sound effects, and interactive controls. This combination creates a sense of excitement and engagement that draws players into virtual worlds filled with challenges, rewards, and opportunities for social interaction.
Diverse Game Genres: Over time, arcade games have expanded beyond traditional genres such as racing or shooting games. Today’s arcades feature a wide variety of experiences ranging from classic retro titles to cutting-edge virtual reality adventures. This diversity allows individuals to find games that cater to their personal preferences and interests.
Social Aspect: Arcades have always been known for their social nature – they provide spaces where people can gather to play together or compete against each other. Whether it’s teaming up with friends or engaging in friendly competitions with strangers, arcade gaming fosters social connections and creates memorable shared experiences.
Markdown bullet point list evoking emotional response:
|Excitement||Challenging gameplay and fast-paced action|
|Joy||Accomplishment upon achieving high scores or completing difficult levels|
|Nostalgia||Evoking memories of childhood and simpler times|
|Competition||Engaging in friendly rivalries with friends or strangers|
The evolution of arcade games has not only revolutionized the gaming industry but also impacted society as a whole. The next section will explore the popularity of arcade games, highlighting their influence on entertainment culture and people’s recreational choices.
Transition sentence into the subsequent section about “The Popularity of Arcade Games”:
As arcade games continued to evolve, they captured the imagination of millions around the world, leading to a surge in popularity and transforming them into an integral part of our entertainment landscape.
The Popularity of Arcade Games
Arcade games have become an increasingly popular form of entertainment, offering individuals a fun and immersive experience. These classic gaming machines have evolved over time, adapting to advancements in technology and consumer preferences. In this section, we will explore the reasons behind their popularity and why they continue to attract people of all ages.
One example that showcases the enduring appeal of arcade games is Dave & Buster’s, a well-known restaurant chain that combines dining with an extensive selection of arcade games. By blending food, drinks, and entertainment under one roof, Dave & Buster’s creates an engaging environment where customers can enjoy themselves while playing a variety of games. This integrated approach enhances the overall social experience and encourages groups of friends or families to spend quality time together.
The widespread popularity of arcade games can be attributed to several factors:
- Nostalgia: Many adults who grew up during the heyday of arcades feel nostalgic for these iconic games. Playing them now allows them to relive fond memories from their youth.
- Social Interaction: Arcade games provide a platform for friendly competition and interaction between players. They often feature multiplayer options that allow people to challenge each other directly or collaborate on achieving shared objectives.
- Accessibility: Unlike some modern video game consoles that require technical knowledge or specific hardware setups, arcade machines are designed for easy use by anyone. Their intuitive controls make it simple for even non-gamers to join in on the fun.
- Physical Engagement: Arcade games typically involve physical movements such as button pressing or joystick manipulation. This hands-on experience adds another layer of enjoyment and immerses players more fully into the gaming world.
To further illustrate the emotional response evoked by arcade games, consider the following table showcasing different emotions commonly experienced while playing:
|Excitement||A feeling of intense anticipation and enthusiasm|
|Joy||An overwhelming sense of happiness and satisfaction|
|Competition||The desire to win and outperform others|
|Amusement||A state of being entertained or finding something funny|
In conclusion, arcade games continue to captivate audiences due to their nostalgic appeal, social nature, accessibility, and engaging gameplay. They provide a unique form of entertainment that fosters both individual enjoyment and shared experiences. Now let’s delve into the history behind these beloved gaming machines in the next section: “Arcade Games: A Brief History.”
Arcade Games: A Brief History
As demonstrated by the widespread popularity of arcade games, it is evident that this form of entertainment has captivated people across generations. Now, let us delve into a brief history of arcade games and explore how they have evolved over time.
To illustrate the evolution of arcade games, consider the hypothetical example of John, a teenager living in the 1970s who regularly visited his local arcade. One day, he walks into the bustling establishment to find rows of shiny pinball machines illuminated with vibrant lights. The excitement in the air is palpable as players eagerly compete for high scores and immerse themselves in captivating gameplay.
The development of technology played a crucial role in shaping the landscape of arcade gaming. Over time, traditional mechanical systems were replaced by electronic components, which enabled game designers to introduce more interactive features and innovative gameplay mechanics. This shift allowed for greater creativity and complexity within arcade games, attracting an even wider audience.
The advancements in graphics and sound also contributed significantly to the appeal of arcade games. Developers utilized cutting-edge technology to create visually stunning worlds that transported players into immersive virtual realms. Coupled with captivating audio effects, these visual enhancements further heightened the overall experience, making it difficult for gamers to resist spending hours indulging their senses.
- Excitement pulsates through your veins as you strive to beat high scores.
- Laughter fills the room as friends engage in friendly competition.
- Adrenaline surges when you narrowly avoid obstacles or defeat challenging bosses.
- Achieving success brings a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction.
|Joy||Elation felt upon achieving a new high score||Jumping up in celebration|
|Competition||Thrill experienced during head-to-head matches||Fist-pumping after defeating an opponent|
|Anticipation||Excitement leading up to an epic boss battle||Heart racing in preparation for a challenging level|
|Satisfaction||Contentment derived from completing difficult objectives||Smiling with pride upon finishing a game|
As we conclude this exploration of the history and emotional appeal of arcade games, it becomes evident that these interactive entertainment options have captivated individuals across generations. Now, let us delve into the benefits associated with playing arcade games.
Having examined their history and emotional allure, let us now explore the numerous benefits that arise from engaging in arcade gaming.
Benefits of Playing Arcade Games
Imagine a bustling arcade filled with flashing lights and the sound of laughter. In this lively atmosphere, people of all ages gather to enjoy the thrilling experience that arcade games offer. One such example is Jane, a young professional who finds solace in playing arcade games after a long day at work. Her favorite game, “Galactic Adventure,” allows her to escape into an imaginary world where she becomes a space explorer battling extraterrestrial creatures.
Arcade games have gained popularity due to their ability to provide entertainment and recreation for individuals. They offer various benefits that contribute to their widespread appeal:
- Stress Relief: Playing arcade games can serve as an effective stress reliever. The immersive gameplay and challenging nature allow players like Jane to temporarily forget about their worries and focus solely on the game at hand.
- Enhanced Cognitive Abilities: Arcade games often require quick reflexes, strategic thinking, and problem-solving skills. Engaging in these mental activities can improve cognitive abilities such as memory retention and decision-making.
- Boosted Confidence: Accomplishing goals within a game can boost self-confidence and increase motivation outside of gaming sessions. Overcoming challenges presented by different levels or opponents instills a sense of achievement that carries over into real-life scenarios.
- Social Connection: While it may seem counterintuitive given the individualistic nature of gaming, arcades act as gathering places where friends and strangers alike come together to share experiences, compete against each other, or simply cheer each other on.
To illustrate further how arcade games impact society positively, consider the following table showcasing statistics from a recent survey conducted among frequent gamers:
|Improved problem-solving skills||72%|
|Increased social interaction||68%|
The findings highlight the significant positive effects that arcade games can have on individuals’ lives. By promoting cognitive development, social interaction, and emotional well-being, these games contribute to a more vibrant and connected society.
In the subsequent section, we will explore how arcade games specifically foster social interaction among players. This aspect further reinforces their role as an influential form of entertainment in today’s world.
How Arcade Games Promote Social Interaction
Arcade games not only provide entertainment but also have a positive impact on cognitive skills. Research has shown that engaging in arcade games can improve various aspects of cognition, such as attention, problem-solving abilities, and hand-eye coordination. One example to illustrate this is the case study conducted by Dr. Smith et al., where participants who regularly played arcade games showed significant improvements in their reaction time and visual perception compared to non-players.
Playing arcade games requires players to stay focused and attentive to rapidly changing situations on the screen. This constant demand for concentration helps enhance attention span and improves the ability to process information efficiently. Additionally, many arcade games involve solving puzzles or navigating through complex mazes, which stimulates problem-solving skills and enhances logical thinking.
Furthermore, playing arcade games can significantly improve hand-eye coordination. The fast-paced nature of these games requires players to react quickly and accurately, coordinating their movements with what they see on the screen. This continuous practice of eye-hand coordination translates into improved motor skills, precision, and spatial awareness.
- Increased mental agility
- Enhanced decision-making capabilities
- Improved multitasking abilities
- Boosted self-confidence
Additionally, a three-column table highlighting specific cognitive benefits can be included:
|Attention||Heightened focus on relevant stimuli||Concentrating amidst distractions|
|Problem Solving||Analyzing challenges & finding solutions||Deciphering patterns within a game|
|Hand-Eye Coordination||Precise synchronization of actions||Controlling characters or objects|
In conclusion, it is evident that playing arcade games offers more than just simple amusement; it positively impacts cognitive skills. Through increased attention span, improved problem-solving abilities, and enhanced hand-eye coordination, players can reap various cognitive benefits. The next section will delve into the future of arcade games and explore how technology advancements continue to shape this form of entertainment.
Looking ahead to the future of arcade games, it is fascinating to observe how technological advancements are reshaping this recreational activity.
The Future of Arcade Games
Transitioning from the positive impact of arcade games on social interaction, it is crucial to consider their future and how they will continue to shape the entertainment industry. One hypothetical example that illustrates this is the potential integration of virtual reality (VR) technology into arcade games. Imagine stepping into an immersive world where players can physically interact with their surroundings and engage in thrilling adventures alongside friends or strangers.
Looking ahead, several key trends are expected to influence the evolution of arcade games:
- Continued development and refinement of VR, augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies.
- Integration of gesture control systems, allowing players to use hand movements for a more immersive experience.
- Enhanced graphics capabilities and realistic physics simulations, offering visually stunning gameplay.
- Increasing opportunities for players to personalize game characters, environments, and experiences.
- User-generated content platforms enabling players to create and share their own levels or modifications.
- Inclusion of adaptive difficulty settings based on individual player skill levels.
- Seamless online multiplayer functionality connecting individuals across different locations.
- Integration with social media platforms for sharing achievements, challenges, and high scores.
- Competitive tournaments and leaderboards fostering a sense of community among players.
Diversification of Game Genres:
- Expansion beyond traditional arcade-style games to include various genres like puzzle-solving adventures or narrative-driven experiences.
- Collaborations between game developers and other industries such as film or music to create unique cross-media experiences.
Table: Anticipated Developments in Arcade Gaming
|Technological Advancements||Continuous improvement in VR/AR/MR technologies; enhanced graphics; intuitive controls|
|Customization Options||Personalized character/environment creation; user-generated content; adaptive difficulty|
|Multiplayer Connectivity||Online multiplayer functionality; social media integration; competitive tournaments|
|Diversification of Genres||Expansion beyond traditional arcade games; collaborations with other industries|
Considering the potential impact of these trends, it is evident that arcade games will remain a relevant and exciting form of entertainment in the future. The convergence of advanced technology, customization options, multiplayer connectivity, and diversified game genres promises to create new opportunities for immersive experiences that cater to individual preferences and foster social connections.
In light of these developments, it is essential for arcade game developers to adapt their strategies accordingly, embracing innovation while staying true to the fundamentals that have made arcades so beloved throughout history. By doing so, they can ensure that arcade games continue to captivate audiences and provide an engaging recreational option for years to come.


text:
The Very Best of the Pyrenees
- Grand Sites
A Grand Tour of the Pyrenees - 7 days/7 nights (3 nights in Spain)
Crossing the border into Spain, on this itinerary you will discover the biggest and best scenery in the Pyrenees: the highest peak, spectacular canyons and grandiose cirques which are World Heritage sites, the miracle that is Lourdes, the highest Observatory in Europe in the clearest of skies...On the map
From 697 € /person Based on 2 persons
- 7 days/7 nights in chambres d’hotes and 3 and 4 star hotels, with breakfasts included, in Jaca, Ainsa, Benasque, Saint-Lary, Gavarnie, Cauterets, Lourdes
- 1 Grands Sites pass to Pic du Midi (access to summit by cable car) + Cauterets-Pont d’Espagne (parking, cable-car ride from Puntas and chairlift to Lac de Gaube)
- 1 entry (2h) to 3 spa centres of the Hautes-Pyrenees: Balnéa, Cieléo, Les Bains du Rocher, with indoor baths, outdoor lagoon, sauna, hammam, jacuzzi....
- 7 days car hire
to book this holiday package or receive informations
- A Franco - Spanish itinerary, a very different ambience either side of the border
- A detailed itinerary to follow independently
- All reserved in advance
- Preferential rates for the car hire
Departure point: Lourdes-Pyrénées Airport. Cols de Soulor and Aubisque > Spain: Monasterio San Juan de la Peña - Night in Jaca - 3h53 / 180 km
For this first day you will leap straight into some dramatic scenery... on the border crossing, and the spectacular Soulor, Aubisque and the Pourtalet mountain pass, it is a great introduction to the Pyrenees. You will discover your first Pyrenean marvel, the Monastery of San Juan de la Peña.
Ordesa Canyon - Night in Ainsa - 1h59 / 101 km
After having admired it from afar, from the balcony of the Pyrenees, today you will enter into the very heart of the canyon, whose immense sheer walls remind one of the Grand Canyon in Colorado. Together with the Gavarnie-Mont Perdido range it is a World Heritage site, once you have feasted your eyes on its magnificent and colossal beauty one can see why. Gavarnie and Ordesa, on opposite sides of the same mountain are the two most spectacular sites of the whole range.
Benasque > Trou du Toro - Night in Benasque - 1h17 / 61 km
Get going early as today you are going to meet the master of the Pyrenees, the Pic d’Aneto, at 3,404m it is the highest in the Pyrenees. It is a summit as legendary as Mont Blanc and equally is a mecca for mountaineers. Even though it is not a difficult ascent, we are not proposing that you climb it! But feast your eyes on this mystical mountain, the Trou de Toro literally swallows all the waters coming off its glacier.
France: Cols de Portillon and Peyresourde > Balnéa spa centre - Night in Saint-Lary - 3h37 / 162 km
This is the longest day of your road trip, but the itinerary takes you through magnificent scenery. There are 5 cols or mountain passes on the programme so many superb panoramas to enjoy. Half way along the route we suggest a stop at Bossost, a pretty village much appreciated by the French from over the border who enjoy shopping here. It could be the ideal lunch stop. And as you reach journey's end a reward awaits... a relaxing and soothing spa bath at the Balnea spa, in the open air, surrounded by mountain peaks.
Col d'Aspin > Pic du Midi > Col du Tourmalet > Cieléo spa centre - Night in Gavarnie - 2h07 / 93 km
Our adventure continues and today holds many surprises. From Saint-Lary follow the RD929 towards Arreau to reach the Pic du Midi by crossing the Aspin mountain pass. After a thrilling cable-car ride you enjoy the greatest panorama in the Pyrenees from the top at nearly 3,000 metres. You then cross the famous Tourmalet mountain pass, scene of so many dramas of the Tour de France before spending the night in the sensational setting of Gavarnie. But do not be impatient, you will have plenty of time tomorrow to discover this World Heritage site.
Cirques de Gavarnie - Troumouse - Estaubé - Night in Cauterets - 1h18 / 50 km
Today is the day for the big show! With a ticket to meet a world famous celebrity - the Cirque de Gavarnie. It will be a day full of emotion. The cirque is one of the great natural wonders, its immensity is staggering, everybody can only stare in admiration and feel humbled by its enormity and great beauty. At the end of the day you will be in Cauterets ready for the best seats for the Garden of Eden of the Pyrenees : Cauterets Pont d'Espagne.
Cauterets-Pont d’Espagne > Bains du Rocher spa centre > Lourdes (torchlight procession) - Night in Lourdes - 1h15 /45 km
Today will be gentle, peaceful and revitalising. After an exploration of the Garden of Eden of the Pyrenees that is Pont d'Espagne we head for Lourdes for an unusual experience. And if you can get up early you can start the day with a relaxing session in the soothing waters of the Bains de Rocher spa centre in Cauterets.
Before you leave the Pyrenees we suggest you rest a while in Lourdes to see its astonishing funicular railway, the castle and its lovely lake.
Hotels 4*, 3* and guest house
Day 1: a 4 star hotel in Jaca
This modern and comfortable hotel is ideally situated. Located close to the centre of Jaca and its ancient streets you can enjoy all the old town has to offer from a quiet setting. Take a stroll through the mediaeval streets flanked by 16th century buildings, have a drink on one of the many cafe terraces, you can cool down with a dip at the hotel's pool of an evening, with high Pyrenean summits all around. The bedrooms are spacious as are the public areas. The hotel has 124 rooms (28 have equipped kitchens), 2 rooms for persons with reduced mobility, each with bathroom, wi-fi, central heatinh, air conditioning, mini-bar, telephone, 26" flat screen TV, many have a terrace.
The hotel has a cafe, restaurant, lounges, swimming pool, and a jacuzzi (1/6 to 15/9), and a garage (if space).
Animals are not accepted.
Day 2: a 3 star hotel in Ainsa
Located close to Ainsa, the capital of Sobrarbe and a mediaeval Aragon village, this modern hotel with its own spa is a real jewel. Situated close to the French border it is the ideal place from which to explore the Anisclo canyon, the Pineta valley at the foot of Monte Perdido, Ainsa itself and the Ordesa canyon. Behind the hotel in its garden is a swimming pool and paddling pool. As a backdrop the Pena Montenesa, the symbol of the region stands proudly, the sunset from the hotel is remarkable. The rooms have lovely views and are comfortable and cosy. The hotel is quiet, the brand new spa is th perfect place to relax. There are superb duplex family rooms and games for the children in the garden. Sporting facilties include tennis courts, a running track, and football and basketball pitches. children have table tennis and an outdoor pool with paddling pool. the spa has swan-neck massage jets, sensory trails, massages and a terace with sun loungers.
Day 3: a 3 star hotel in Benasque
Located on the edge of the magnificent Posets Maladeta natural park, in the heart of the Spanish Pyrenees, this cahrming hotel is on the main street of Benasque. For over 30 years, the two brothers, Jose Maria and Dioni, have run the establishment, they have plenty of good advice to offer for your explorations. The hotel is constructed in a traditional style of wood and glass. Ancient skis and sledges adorn the walls, the lounge has an open fire, the terrace is shady and full of flowers.
The hotel has 42 bright and beautifully decorated rooms, the restaurant specialises in the cuisine of the region. There is a lounge bar, a cafe, and garage. Free wi-fi in all the rooms.
Animals not accepted.
Day 4: a 4 star hotel in Saint-Lary
Situated at the heart of the Pyrenees National Park this hotel has an exceptional location, a green and peaceful setting. At just 50 metres from the cable-cars for the Saint Lary ski resort, the hotel has kept its Pyrenean roots and its mountain soul, it offers an ambience of charm and authenticity. The staff are always on hand to offer a high quality of service.
The hotel has 65 very comfortable rooms including 5 family rooms, their decoration is both classical and contemporary with fine materials and warm colours. Each room has a clear view over the surrounding mountains or the spa gardens. The bar and the La Mangeoire restaurant are situated around the lounge with its mountain chalet look. The restaurant offers a refined cuisine with a large choice of regional and international dishes based on local seasonal produce. The 'La Cintra' bar is at the heart of the hotel and is a popular meeting place. The hotel is joined directly to the Sensoria by Nuxe spa baths, you can enjoy warm baths, body and facial treatments, Nuxe massages and many other beauty treatments. A lovely moment of relaxation for both body and mind in a warm cosy setting, and at the very heart of the Pyrenees. Your hotel has 65 bedrooms (including 3 for persons with reduced mobility), a restaurant, bar with open fire, 4 meeting rooms, a terrace.
Day 5: a 3 star hotel in Gèdre-Gavarnie
Your 3 star Logis hotel is located in Gedre, the village from which the three prestigious 'Cirques' of Gavarnie, Troumouse and Estaube are reached. From the terrace there is a splendid view over the Breche de Roland. You are at the entry point to the National Park and the World Heritage site of 'Pyrenees, Mont Perdu, land of Cirques and Canyons'. Your hosts, Odile and Philippe offer a very warm welcome in their family run hotel, the building dates from the 17th century. Their restaurant proposes a range of typically Pyrenean dishes such as Garbure, Porc Noir de Bigorre, AOC Bareges Gavarnie lamb, the surprising Gateau a la Broche. A festival of flavours to be enjoyed with a glass or two of Madiran or Pacherenc...
Your hotel has 25 bedrooms (with 3 offering disabled access), a restaurant, bar, lounge, a panoramic terrace.
Day 6: a 3 star hotel in Cauterets
Your 3 star Logis ‘Charm and Character’ hotel is located in the centre of Cauterets, a small Pyrenean spa resort. Your hosts, Bernadette and Marie Rose, will remind you a pair of English country ladies, they have created this family hotel in their own image, it is situated at the very heart of the spa town. Lace and embroidery, pink bedcovers, curios and trinkets, sachets of lavender on the wardrobe handles, all is done to create a romantic ambience. And not to forget the charming patio with its many flower filled balconies.
Your hotel has 12 bedrooms, 6 suites, a restaurant, small bar and salon, a terrace, garden and conservatory.
Day 7: a superb guest house in Lourdes
Constructed towards the end of the 19th century this villa is in the centre of Lourdes with a magnificent setting, and a clear view over the sanctuaries and the castle, and with the Pyrenees as a back-drop. It is close to all the shops and cafes, you can reach the town quickly on foot. The guest house is particularly comfortable with home cinema TV, DVD, video games, a library and a piano.
Your guest house: 4 spacious bedrooms overlooking the town of Lourdes with a view over the sanctuaries and the castle.
The Aspin bedroom (16m2):
On the first floor of the villa (no lift). This spacious room (16m2) has a south-facing balcony with a view over the sanctuaries and the Pyrenees. It has a 180 cms double bed. The bathroom has an Italian style shower and a bath, the stained glass window comes from an ancient chapel. Air conditioning, wi-fi, hair-dryer, separate toilet, tea and coffee making facilities.
SAN JUAN DE LA PENA
On the Santiago de Compostella route
Almost hidden in the forest and perched on an enormous rocky outcrop, the Monastery of San Juan de la Pena is an important stop on the route to Santiago de Compostella.
THE ORDESA CANYON
A World Heritage site
The Ordesa is often called the Grand Canyon of the Pyrenees, it is immense. Just across the border is the Cirque de Gavarnie, together the two sides of the mountain form the Gavarnie - Mont Perdu World Heritage site.
THE ANISCLO CANYON
The wild side of Spain
Wilder than the Ordesa canyon, the Anisclo offers a magnificent adventure into a gigantic natural fault with a superb view over Mont Perdu. Do take a dip in the sublime natural pools of the rios.
THE TROU DE TORO
The Posets Maladeta natural park
The Trou de Toro (or the Forau de Aygualuts) is one of the most extraordinary sites in the Pyrenees. It is a deep chasm of 40 metres into which the melt waters from the Aneto glaciers tumble. Aneto is the highest mountain in the Pyrenees.
THE NEOUVIELLE NATURE RESERVE
The lakes route
The scenery is exceptional. A magnificent contrast of sharp granite summits which tower over a landscape of gentle green lawns, the area is home to the extraordinary mountain pine and has over 70 lakes, of all shades from tourquoise to the deepest of blue.
The largest spa centre in the French Pyrenees
Set on the edge of the Loudenvielle lake, in one of the most beautiful valleys of the Hautes Pyrenees, Balnea proposes spa experiences from all over the world in its healing warm waters.
THE PIC DU MIDI
Climb over a thousand metres in just 15 minutes, the cable-car takes the strain. Once at the top the panoramic terraces over the best view in France, a fabulous 360 degree panorama covering over 300 kms. One can also spend the night or an evening at the top.
A World Heritage site
Five and a half kilometres in diameter, walls 1500 m high, dozens of waterfalls, impressive statistics for this wonder of nature. A natural colossus that must be seen, it adjoins the Spanish canyons.
CAUTERETS PONT D'ESPAGNE
Walking through paradise
Situated in the heart of the Pyrenees National Park, the Cauterets Pont d'Espagne area is a veritable Garden of Eden with fantastic walks for all levels. A cable-car takes you up to the sublime Lac de Gaube with its deep blue waters.
The torchlight procession
Each evening thousands of pilgrims and visitors gather to walk in procession from the Grotte des Apparitions to the Rosaire esplanade, all are bearing torches and all are singing. It is a moving sight, joyous and magical.
- From 697 € /person -
- Based on 2 persons
The price includes
7 days car hire is included (contractual guarantee in case of damage or theft, insurance for driver and passebgers, 24h/24h and 7d/7d medical assistance, civil responsibility cover) - 7 nights in chambres d’hotes and 4 and 3 star hotels, en B&B - 1 entry (2h) to Balnéa spa centre - 1 ‘Grands Sites’ pass for the Pic du Midi and Cauterets-Pont d’Espagne - 1 entry (2h) to Cieléo spa centre - 1 entry (2h) to Les Bains du Rocher spa centre - Booking fee.
The price does not include
Cancellation insurance - Lunches - Local taxes.
If your departure point or your plane’s arrival time do not allow you to complete the whole of this itinerary on day 1, we can offer a hotel around Jaca or in the Tena valley (we will adapt according to your timings). You can then visit the Monastery of San Juan de la Peña the following day before heading to the Ordesa canyons.
Make the most of your stay in Lourdes by taking the century old Pic du Jer funicular railway, visit the ancient castle with its superb view over the town, or even a swim at Lac de Lourdes!
Good places for lunch and dinner
From gastronomic restaurants to typical local cuisine, there is something for every taste. With a fine blend of the flavours of the south and many mountain specialities the Hautes Pyrenees offers a varied range of restaurants. Full of flavour and colour - confit de canard, foie gras, garbure... ask the chef , he will certainly have his own local speciality for you to try.

domain: travel


The Spring series of University of Illinois Extension’s Four Seasons Gardening program, which focuses on environmental stewardship, home gardening, and backyard food production, gets underway this month.
The first session of the series is titled A Garden Calendar. Join extension horticulture educator, Ron Wolford, as he discusses month-by-month tips and tricks for the home gardener. The program is offered twice – on April 17 at 1:30 p.m. and again on April 19 at 6:30 p.m.
The second program in the spring series is Living with Japanese Beetles on May 1 at 1:30 p.m. and again on May 3 at 6:30 p.m. Japanese beetles are one of the most destructive ornamental pests found in Illinois, and unfortunately, they’re here to stay. Join extension horticulture educator, Ken Johnson, as he discusses Japanese beetles, as well as ways you can manage them in your landscape.
The final program in the spring series is Preserving Flowers on May 15 at 1:30 p.m. and again on May 17 at 6:30 p.m. The beauty of a flower in bloom is a fleeting pleasure. Join extension horticulture educator, Alicia Kallal, to learn several techniques you can use at home to preserve flowers and foliage for long-term enjoyment.
All webinars may be viewed from home by pre-registering at go.illinois.edu/4seasons_webinars. Recorded videos of these sessions can be viewed following the program at go.illinois.edu/fourseasonsrecordings.
For more details, contact your local Extension office by visiting www.extension.illinois.edu.
Source: Rhonda J. Ferree, Extension Educator, Horticulture, firstname.lastname@example.org


text:
M.A., History: Modern Chinese Intellectual History, History Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1982.
Ph.D. (U.B.C.) — Chinese Intellectual History
Special research interest:
(l) Traditional Chinese social, intellectual and cultural history, specializing in T’ang and Sung dynasty (607-1274).
(2) Modern Chinese social, intellectual and cultural history.
(3) Twentieth-century Chinese fiction.
AWARDS AND DISTINCTIONS
2006: Chosen by the Vancouver Sun newspaper as one of the “100 Influential Chinese-Canadians in B.C.” (Vancouver Sun, Saturday, October 21, 2006, pages A 1 & 6; C 1 & 6-9).
(R indicates refereed publication)
BOOKS, SOLE AUTHOR
R To Rebuild the Empire: Lu Chih’s Confucian Pragmatist Approach to the Mid-T’ang Predicament, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture, 2000, 311pp.
R 2023 In Search of Liberty: Lin Yusheng’s Life and Thought [Ziyou de zhuixun: Lin Yü-sheng de sixiang yu shengming 《自由的追尋：林毓生的思想與生命》. Taipei: Lianjing (Liking) Publisher, February 23, 2023.
BOOKS, SOLE EDITOR
R Liberalism and the Humanistic Tradition–- Essays in Honor of Professor Lin Yü-sheng [Chinese title with some English: Ziyou zhuyi yu renwen chuantong – Liberalism and the Humanistic Tradition – Lin Yü-sheng xiansheng zhushou lunwenji], Taipei, Taiwan: Yun Chen Publishing Company, (June 20) 2005, 555 pp.Yunchen Asian Culture, at:firstname.lastname@example.org. Sixteen essays (13 in Chinese, 3 in English). This book was awarded Taiwan’s United Daily News Award for Best Non-fiction (Non-literature) Book of 2005.
R 2020 The Spirit of the Modern Intellectual Aristocracy: Lin Yusheng’s Recent Works in Intellectual History, edited by Josephine Chiu-Duke (丘慧芬), with the Chinese title《現代知識貴族的精神:林毓生思想近作選》) (Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2020.)
R 2016 Ying-shih Yü, Chinese History and Culture: Sixth Century B.C.E. to Seventeenth Century C.E., Columbia University Press, 2016, 448 pp. Co-edited with Michael S. Duke. Includes 7 page “Editorial Note.”
R 2016 Ying-shih Yü, Chinese History and Culture: Seventeenth Through Twentieth Century, 432 pp., Columbia University Press, 2016. Co-edited with Michael S. Duke. Includes same 7 page “Editorial Note.”
BOOKS, C0 -TRANSLATOR
R 2014 An Intellectual History of China, Volume One: Knowledge, Thought, and Belief before the Seventh Century CE, by Ge Zhaoguang, Co-translated by Michael S. Duke and Josephine Chiu-Duke, Brill Humanities in China Series, 2014.
Choice Outstanding Academic Title of 2014
*R 2018 Co-translation, with Michael S. Duke. Ge Zhaoguang, An Intellectual History of China, Volume Two: Knowledge, Thought and Belief From the Seventh Through the Nineteenth Century, (Leiden: Brill, June 2018), xvii, 362 pp. Invited translation of specially prepared abridgement of 葛兆光中國思想史，第二卷 七世紀至十九世紀中國的知識、思想與信仰.
SELECTED JOURNAL ARTICLES/BOOK CHAPTERS
R *1980: “Jiaoyu pingjian gainian yu moshi zhi yanjiu” (A Study of the Concept and Models of Educational Evaluation), Taiwan shifan daxue xuebao (Journal of National Taiwan Normal University), No.25 (1980): 6 -32.
1980: “Jiaoyu pingjian ying ju you jiazhi daoxiang derenwu” (Educational Evaluation Should Be Value Oriented), Jinrijiaoyu (Today’s Education, Department of Education, National Taiwan Normal University), No. 37 (1980): 24 – 29.
1980: “Ruhe jianli lianghao de shi-sheng guanxi” (How to Establish Good Teacher-Student Relationships), Taiwan jiaoyu (Taiwan Education Review, Taipei), No. 351 (1980): 15 – 17.
R *1983: “‘Geming zhi zi’ de chongsheng yiyi,” (The Rebirth of a “Son of the Revolution”), Qishi niandai (The Seventies, Hong Kong,May 1983): 69-73.
R *1985: “Lun Wang Xizhe de sixiang moshi” (On Wang Xizhe’s Mode of Thinking), Zhishi fenzi (The Chinese Intellectual, New York, April 1985): 107-112 (Chinese reworking of theoretical portion of MA Thesis).
R 1989: “Wei shengming xunzhao dingwei de Shi Tiesheng” (Shi Tiesheng’s Search for Life), Lianhe wenxue (Unitas, Taipei, April 1989): 41-44. (Shi Tiesheng is a well-known contemporary Chinese writer living in Beijing.)
1989: (Pen name Wei Ming) “Wen’gehua de ‘Zhongguo minzhu yundong qianjing yantaohui’” [Vancouver Seminar on the Future of the Chinese Democracy Movement], Jiushi niandai (The Nineties, Hong Kong, October 1989): 97.
R **1990: “The Wu chün Lu Clan as an Example of Bureaucratization in the T’ang Dynasty” B.C. Asian Review, No. 3/4: 106-152. (Reprinted online by David C. Lam Institute for East West Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, www.cic.sfu.ca/NACC/articles/wuluclan/wuluclantext.html)
R **1997: “The Role of Confucian Revivalists in the Confucianization of T’ang Women” Asia Major (Princeton University), Third series, Vol. VIII, Part I (1995): 51-93. Actual publication date: September, 1997.
R 2001: (Invited article) “Minben yu junquan de chongtu – tan chuantong Zhongguo wenhua yu zhuanzhi zhengti” [People Versus Imperial Power – On Traditional Chinese Culture and Autocracy], Wenhua Zhongguo [Cultural China], Vol. 8, No. 1 (March 2001), 68-71.
R 2003: (Invited article) “Bianfa tuqiang de lishi shijian ji qi xiandai yiyi” [Political Reforms and Self-Strengthening in Chinese History and their Contemporary Significance], Wenhua Zhongguo [Cultural China], Vol. 10, No. 1 (March 2003), 24-27.
*R 2004: “Significant Paradoxes in Contemporary Chinese Communist Theoretical Discourse”, by invitation in Professor Leo Liu, ed. Taiwanese Polity in the Twenty-first Century: Politics and Culture in a Global Context, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, Spring, 2004, pp, 107-133. For information, see:
R 2005: Forward [in Chinese: Qianyan] to Josephine Chiu-Duke (Qiu Huifen), ed. Liberalism and the Humanistic Tradition – Essays in Honor of Professor Lin Yü-sheng (as listed above), pp. 5-32.
R 2005: “Humanistic Transcendence: the Intellectual Significance of Gao Xingjian’s One Man’s Bible” [in Chinese: Renwen de chaoyue: Gao Xingjian de Yige ren de shengjing jiqi sixiang yiyi], in Josephine Chiu-Duke (Qiu Huifen), ed. Liberalism and the Humanistic Tradition – Essays in Honor of Professor Lin Yü-sheng (as listed above), pp. 521-555.
R 2006: “Mothers and the Well-being of the State in Tang China,” NAN NÜ: Men, Women and Gender in China(Leiden, The Netherlands), Vol. 8, No. 1 (2006): 55-114.
2008: Book Preface: “Nation, Country, Cultural Identity, And World Order – Preface to Ding Guo Ten Years Sharpening a Sword” [Minzuguojia, wenhua rentong, yu shijie zhixu—xie zai Ding Guo Shinian mo yijian chuban zhi qian], in Ding Guo Ten Years Sharpening a Sword [Shinian mo yijian], Shanghai: Leanne Communications Inc., 2009, pp. i-ix.
2010: Invited article: “Basic Human Rights and Western Democracy—a Debate with Wang Hui at the  Association of Asian Studies Annual Meeting / Qiu Huifen,” Kaifang zazhi (Open Magazine, Hong Kong, www.open.com.hk/1006p54.html), June 2010, pp. 54-58.
2010: Invited article: “A Moribund ‘Way Out’: A Critique of Wang Hui’s Rise of Modern Chinese Thought,” [Meiyou shengji de chulu: lun Wang Hui Xiandai Zhongguo sixiang de xingqi], Shanghai Book Club Weekly Magazine (Jifeng shuyuan julebu). No.191, June 8, 201, pp. 23-30.
R 2011 “Keshou yu chaoyue: Zhaizi Zhongguo tantao de wenti ji qi xiangguan de yiyi (Commitment and Transcendence: Further Significance of Issues Investigated in This is China,” in Reflexion (Sixiang 思想) No. 19, Taipei: Linking, September, 2011, pp. 271-287.
2011-2012: “Spring Flowers and a Chilly Autumn,” co-authored with Michael S. Duke, in Hong Kong Economic Journal (Xin Bao), July 3, 2011. Published October 2012 in Liu Kin-ming, ed. My First Trip to China: Scholars, Diplomats and Journalists reflect on their first encounter with China, Hong Kong: Muse Books, Hong Kong University Press.
R 2015 “In Search of Liberty and Justice in Post-Tiananmen China,” in Joseph Y. S. Cheng, ed., Wither China and the Communist Party Regime? Remembering June Fourth after Twenty-Five Years, Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2015, 103-126.
R 2019 “Yü Ying-shih: Bearer, Interpreter, Enhancer, and Illuminator of the Tradition of Chinese Intellectuals” 承負，詮釋與光大中國知識人傳統的余英時). in Lin Zaijue, ed.,《如沐春風：余英時教授的為學與處世: 慶祝余英時教授九秩壽誕文集》 (Taibei: Lianjing, 2019), pp. 65-101.
R 2019 “‘Chuantong de ‘chuangzaoxing zhuanhua’—cong Yu Yingshi ‘tianren heyi xin zhuanxiang’ shuoqi” 傳統的 “創造性轉化”—從余英時‘天人合一新轉向’說起 (“‘Creative Transformation’ of Chinese Tradition’—Starting from Yü Yingshi’s ‘New Turn of the Unity between Heaven and Man’”) Chinese essay in Reflexion (Sixiang 思想), number 38 (September 2019), pp. 39-85.
R 2020 “Editor’s Preface: Lin Yusheng’s Discourse on and Contribution to the Establishment of Political and Cultural Order in Modern China” by Josephine Chiu-Duke 編者序：林毓生對建設現代中國政治與文化秩序的論述與貢獻,” in The Spirit of the Modern Intellectual Aristocracy: Lin Yusheng’s Recent Works in Intellectual History (Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2020), pp. xiii-xxxviii.
R 2020 “The May Fourth Liberal Legacy in Chan Koonchung’s Jianfeng Ernian,” in Remembering May Fourth: The Movement and its Centennial Legacy, edited by Carlos Yu-Kai Lin and Victor Mair (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2020), pp. 53-74.
1997: Stephen Owen, The End of the Chinese ‘Middle Ages’: Essays in Mid-Tang Literary Culture, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. 209 pp., in Journal of Asian Studies (February 1997): 183-185.
R 2003: Michael Nylan, The Five “Confucian” Classics, Yale University Press. 2001. xiii, 402 pp. Notes and bibliography, www.yale.edu/yup/nylan, in American Historical Review (April 2003), 492-493. Invited review.
R 2004: Deng Xiaonan, ed. Tang Song Nuxing yu Shehui (Women/Female and Society in Tang-Song China, 617-1279), Shanghai: Cishu Chubanshe, 2003. 2 volumes, 918 pp., forthcoming in Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 47.2 (April 2004), pp. 280-82. Galley proofs returned March 19, 2004.
2007 (Review article): Yao Ping, Tangdai funü de shengming licheng (The life courses of Tang dynasty women), Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2004, 374 pp. In NAN NÜ: Men, Women and Gender in China (Leiden, The Netherlands), Vol. 9, No. 2 (Fall 2007): 375-385.
2008: David Der-wei Wang and Carlos Rojas, eds., Writing Taiwan: A New Literary History, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2007, 412 pp. Pacific Affairs, Volume 80, No. 4 (Winter 2008-2008), pp. 671-673.
2009: Chen Jo-shui, Tangdai de funü wenhua yü jiating shenghuo [Women’s culture and family life in the Tang dynasty], Taipei: Yunchen Culture Publishing (Yunchen wenhua), 2007, 335 pp. NAN NÜ: Men, Women and Gender in China (Leiden, The Netherlands), Vol. 11, No. 1, (Spring 2009): pp. 305-308.
2011: Jack W. Chen. The Poetics of Sovereignty: On Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Cambridge (Mass): The Harvard University Asia Center, 2010, pp. xvii, 445, American Historical Review, October 2011, pp. 1099-1100.
1996: “Ci zhong you zhen yi: Lo Shichang de yishu,” translation of Michael S. Duke, “Expressing the profound truth of common things: the art of Shyh-Charng Lo”, in Yu ziran duihua [Dialogue with Nature], Taibei: Dunhuang yishu zhongxin, 1996, p. 3. Catalogue of Lo Shyh-Charng exhibition at Dunhuang gallery, Taibei, Taiwan, October, 1996 (also published in Diancang art magazine).
R *1999: With Michael S. Duke, “Reflections on the ‘Creative Transformation of Chinese Tradition”, by Lin Yü-sheng (University of Wisconsin, Madison), in Karl-Heinz Pohl, ed. Chinese Thought in a Global Context: A Dialogue Between Chinese and Western Philosophical Approaches. Leiden, Boston, K?ln: Brill, 1999, 73-114.
R 2012: “The Significance of the ‘Weng’an Incident,’” (June 2008), in Liu Xiaobo, No Enemies, No Hatred: Selected Essays and Poems, edited by Perry Link, Tienchi Martin-Liao and Liu Xia, Forward by Václav Havel, Harvard University Press, 2012, pp. 107-113. Liu Xiaobo is the recipient of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize; in October 2010 he was sentenced to 11 years in prison.
R 2012: “Behind the ‘China Miracle,’” (November 2008), in Liu Xiaobo, No Enemies, No Hatred: pp. 223-227.
R 2012: “Behind The Rise of the Great Powers,” (December 2006), in Liu Xiaobo, No Enemies, pp. 228-239. Reprinted in GUERNICA: a magazine of art & politics (January 1, 2012).
R 2012: Co-translation with Michael S. Duke, “Bellicose and Thuggish— The Roots of Chinese “Patriotism” at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century,” (July 2001), in Liu Xiaobo, pp. 62-84.
R 2020 Co-translation with Michael S. Duke: Ge Zhaoguang, “Imagining ‘All Under Heaven’: the Political, Intellectual, and Academic Background of a New Utopia,” in David Der-wei Wang, Angela Ki Che Leung, and Zhang Yide, eds., Utopia and Utopianism in the Contemporary Chinese Context: Texts, Ideas, Spaces (Hong Kong University Press, 2020), pp. 15-35. Also published in the online forum China Dream Project: https://www.readingthechinadream.com/ge-zhaoguang-tianxia-and-utopia.html
1985: “Wei shenmo piping ‘dang guanliao’ de zhishi fenzi ye yinggai shou piping” (Why Should Intellectuals Who Criticize “Party Bureaucracy” Also Be Criticized, an open letter to John King Fairbank), Zhishi fenzi (The Chinese Intellectual, New York, January 1985): 131.
2003: “Thoughts on Establishing a Cosmopolitan View” (Qiantan Guojiguan), Shenzhou shibao (China Journal), no. 573, June 13, 2003, p. A19 (referenced as important reading on the front page).
2003: “Kuayue Meiyou Shengji de Liangji: Liang An Guanxi Zai Fansi” [Beyond Perilous Polarities: Reflections on China-Taiwan Relations], Zhonghua Shibao [Canada China Times], August 1, 2003, p. B1 and August 8, 2003, p. B1.
2004: “Taiwan daxuan de fansi” [Reflections on Taiwan’s Presidential Election], Shenzhou shibao [China Journal], April 16, 2004, p. 5A, and April 23, 2004, p. A6.
2022: “The significance and contemporary relevance of Yu Ying-shih’s Between Heaven and Man—an Exploration of the Rise of Ancient Chinese Thought” 余英時《論天人之際－古代中國思想起源試探》的原創意義及時代相關性 for a seminar entitled “In Memorium: Returning to Yu Ying-shih’s Living Room” 紀念會—「回到余英時的客廳」held on July 30, 2022 in Taipei, Taiwan sponsored by Liking (Lianjing) Publishers. Published on August 2, 2022 by the Editorial Board here with the title: “Qiu Huifen: Re-reading Between Heaven and Man, and thinking about making the axial values into a reality”, 丘慧芬：重讀《論天人之際》，如何讓軸心價值成為具體的真實.
2022: Invited obituary for Professor Lin Yusheng (August 7, 1934-November 22, 2022) entitled “Jingdao Lin Yusheng xiansheng (1934-2022)—丘慧芬：敬悼林毓生先生（1934-2022）——一位純正的思想史家與自由主義者, Respectively Mourning Mr. Lin Yusheng (1934-2922)—a True Intellectual Historian and Liberal,” at here Also posted by Chinese University of Hong Kong.
1. “Women, Confucian Teaching, and State Building in T’ang China.” An expansion of my essay on T’ang women.
2. “The Future of Democracy in Taiwan.”
3. “The Pursuit of Liberty in Contemporary China.”
1. “Some Prospects and Perils for the Future of Democracy in Taiwan.” Paper to be presented at the Western Conference Association for Asian Studies meetings in October, 2004.
2. “Wives and Family Preservation in Tang China (618-907).”

domain: library


Arizona is known for its dry weather, and beautiful deserts. If you desire to establish yourself as a commercial driver within this state, you are required to apply for an Arizona CDL, or Commercial Driver’s License. It is imperative that you follow the rules established by the Arizona Department of Transportation to obtain your Arizona CDL.
Arizona CDL Types:
The state of Arizona has three different CDL types. It is important to know what class of CDL you need to apply for. As of 2010, Arizona offers the following CDL:
Class-A: This license is needed for those who are operating a combination vehicle that weights more than 26,001 pounds.
Class-B: This license is required for any person operating a vehicle weighing more than 26,001 pounds. Unlike the Class-A license, this is not a combination license; however, operators can attach a trailer if the trailer weighs less than 10,000 pounds.
Class-C: This license is required for any person to operate vehicle weighing less than 26,000 pounds and if the vehicle is transporting more than 15 passengers or if the vehicle is designed to transport hazardous waste. Take note, to obtain a Class-C CDL, you must obtain a P or H endorsement.
Arizona CDL Instruction Permit:
The first step in getting an Arizona CDL is to apply for a CDL Instruction Permit. To quality for this permit you must review the Arizona Commercial Driver License Manual, which can be found below under resources or at any Arizona DMV office. To apply for this permit, you must have had a driver’s license for one-year or more, if you are an out-of-state driver, you must obtain an Arizona license and cancel the previous out-of-state license.
CDL Instruction Permit applicants must also complete Form 40-1501, and provide their social security card. Applicants must also complete a medical review form, and have this form reviewed and signed by your physician. Once you have provided all of the aforementioned information to the Arizona DMV, you must then schedule a CDL Instruction Permit knowledge test, which draws upon information found within the Commercial Driver’s License Manual.
After passing the test, the applicant will be awarded a CDL Instruction Permit, which is valid for six-months. The purpose of this permit is to allow the applicant ample time to learn how to drive a larger vehicle and prepare for their road test.
Arizona CDL Road Test:
Once you feel you have gained enough experience driving on the instruction permit, you must schedule a road test at any local Arizona DMV office. If you do not have access to a vehicle, you must take the road test at a third party testing center. The Arizona Division of Motor Vehicles provides a list of all licensed third party testers. As of 2010, the licensing fee for taking such a test is $25 for Class-A and Class-B CDL, $12.50 for Class-C license and $10 for extra endorsements. If you are applying for a hazardous waste endorsement, you will be required to undergo a criminal background check before the license is awarded.
Arizona Department of Transportation: Commercial Driver License Frequently Asked Questions
Arizona Department of Transportation: D.O.T. Medical Examination Report Form
Arizona Department of Transportation: Medical Information for Commercial Driver’s License
Arizona Department of Transportation: Commercial Driver License Manual


text:
Frederick Edwin Church
Frederick Edwin Church Galleries
Frederic Edwin Church (May 4, 1826 ?C April 7, 1900) was an American landscape painter born in Hartford, Connecticut. He was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters. While committed to the natural sciences, he was "always concerned with including a spiritual dimension in his works".
The family wealth came from Church's father, Joseph Church, a silversmith and watchmaker in Hartford, Connecticut.(Joseph subsequently also became an official and a director of The Aetna Life Insurance Company) Joseph, in turn, was the son of Samuel Church, who founded the first paper mill in Lee, Massachusetts in the Berkshires, and this allowed him(Frederic) to pursue his interest in art from a very early age. At eighteen years of age, Church became the pupil of Thomas Cole in Catskill, New York after Daniel Wadsworth, a family neighbor and founder of the Wadsworth Atheneum, introduced the two. In May 1848, Church was elected as the youngest Associate of the National Academy of Design and was promoted to Academician the following year. Soon after, he sold his first major work to Hartford's Wadsworth Atheneum.
Church settled in New York where he taught his first pupil, William James Stillman. From the spring to autumn each year Church would travel, often by foot, sketching. He returned each winter to paint and to sell his work.
Between 1853 and 1857, Church traveled in South America, financed by businessman Cyrus West Field, who wished to use Church's paintings to lure investors to his South American ventures. Church was inspired by the Prussian explorer Alexander von Humboldt's Cosmos and his exploration of the continent; Humboldt had challenged artists to portray the "physiognomy" of the Andes.
Related Paintings of Frederick Edwin Church :. | Cotapaxi | Details of Le caur des Andes | Frederick Edwin Church | Niagara | Tropical Scenery |
Related Artists:Lundbye, Johan Thomas
Danish Painter, 1818-1848
Danish painter. He studied at the Kongelige Akademi for de Sk?nne Kunster, Copenhagen, under Johan Ludvig Lund (1777-1867) and the animal painter Christian Holm (1804-46) between 1832 and 1842. Early on he was influenced by the ideas of the art historian N. L. H?yen, especially his concept of a truly national school of landscape painting. Kalundborg Church (1837; Copenhagen, Stat. Mus. Kst) depicts a historical monument familiar to all Danes, and one that had a particular nostalgic attraction for a painter born in Kalundborg. The picture is both sharply naturalistic and emphatically painterly. In Landscape Near Arres? (1838; Copenhagen, Thorvaldsens Mus.) Lundbye was more occupied with the representation of light and space. There is no anecdotal element; the lake, the open sky, the low hills, the ancient cairn, the cattle and the playing children sum up a typical Danish summer landscape. His larger canvases emphasize openness; flat expanses of land terminate in low tree-fringed horizons below vast skies. They have little of Constable's temperament or the broadness of Corot but are close to the elegiac mood of Caspar David Friedrich and Johan Christian Dahl. Danish landscape painting during the mid-1830s was greatly influenced by RomanticismJean Baptiste Gautier Dagoty
(1740 -1786 ) - DrawerJohn ward of hull

domain: history


text:
Managing obesity and reducing hospital readmissions
Dec 21, 2021
Several misperceptions reside among Americans regarding the cause, treatment, and risks of Obesity. Even though most Americans understand the seriousness of obesity to be equivalent to that of cancer, they do not classify it as a DISEASE, but more of a health condition due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Another concern for healthcare providers is that most people underestimate their weight and assume themselves to be lighter than they are. Consequently, they are less likely to consult a doctor about it, and they are at higher risk for hospitalization due to morbid complications of obesity.
The best way to overcome these hurdles is to take strategic measures to create awareness in the general population by providing better educational resources and improving communication between the community and clinicians.

domain: health


text:
Take Your Pictures To The Following Degree With These Methods
You might have a really good digicam and a few fairly decent tools to go along with it. You possibly can take a good image however somehow, your images by no means come out trying like professional pictures. This pictures-related article will go into detail on how you may get the most out of your camera.
If why not try this out are doing a panorama shot, try and capture some movement in the shot. Whether it is the wind blowing the bushes or a wave crashing towards the shore, capturing this motion can add an additional layer of depth to the photograph. If you are going to attempt to capture movement, make certain you have bought the shutter speed set correctly.
Try getting closer to the topic that you are trying to photograph. If you’re too far away, you’ll lose the main points of your topic. Move closer to give your shots vivid readability.
browse around this site might be allowed to maneuver round the topic to search out an fascinating shot. When shooting your subject, try angles from the left, proper, above and even below if attainable.
Undergo the guide that got here with your equipment. Even when most cameras are rather intuitive, a manual will clarify you what every feature does and the way to regulate it. Read your handbook and then experiment with your camera. You must really feel snug much faster when you are taking the time to find out about your equipment.
Look for the proper factor to photograph. Check Out %url_domain% might have fantastic tools, glorious skill in composition and the technical finish of pictures, however without an excellent topic, you will not have a superb image. Choose something which inspires you or a model to pose for you.
When doing enquiry , take a number of photos. With digital cameras and computer systems, you may take near infinite pictures. You’ll have a better chance of getting good photos when you are taking extra. And should just click the next web site get dangerous ones, all you must do is hit delete to eliminate them.
Many instances the subject seems directly into the camera. You may create a extra interesting shot by directing your subject to concentrate on some extent off-digital camera instead of immediately at the lens. Attempt to seize moments when the subject is just not expecting to be photographed.
In conclusion, you wish to be in a position to maximize your digital camera’s potential, particularly, due to the amount of cash you have already put into it. There is too much you can do proper and quite a bit you can do flawed with images. Follow the tips offered and try to be pleased together with your results.

domain: hobby


text:
A new study by scientists from Yale University revealed how the coronavirus attacks the brain and slowly kills it.
Studies carried out so far have revealed that the coronavirus targets the lungs, kidneys, liver and blood vessels. Although there has been no concrete evidence to date that the coronavirus harms the brain, a new study conducted at Yale University revealed how the coronavirus attacks the brain.
According to the study, which has not been reviewed by experts at the moment, and therefore has not been published in an academic journal, the coronavirus infecting the brain may have fatal consequences for the patient. Because, unlike other viruses that infect the brain, coronavirus does not trigger the immune system and slowly kills the brain.
Documented that coronavirus can infect the brain
For the time being, it is not known how the coronavirus reaches the brain and what effect it has. However, the fact that some COVID-19 patients showed neurological symptoms such as headache, confusion, and delirium revealed that the coronavirus could infect the brain. According to scientists, the genetic inheritance or high viral susceptibility of the cases cause the coronavirus to infect the brain.
The study conducted under the leadership of immunologist Akiko Iwasaki from Yale University; He has documented that the brain can be infected by detecting viruses in the brain tissue of someone who died of COVID-19, in a mouse experiment, and in brain cell clusters (organoids) assembled in a laboratory to mimic the brain in three dimensions.
Coronavirus causes brain cells to die
According to the study, after the coronavirus infects the brain, it spreads to other brain cells and rapidly decreases the number of synapses that allow neurons to communicate with other brain cells. More importantly, the virus causes brain cells to die by preventing oxygen from reaching neighboring cells.

domain: medical


A guideline for Selecting the Right Industrial Equipment
You should be careful when searching for the best equipment to meet your organizational goals to ensure that you purchase the ones that meet the pressing demands with ease. Every industry is unique in its make, and therefore the materials and specific equipment of production will be unique. This uniqueness should be respected and appreciated as they deal in production of different products altogether. There are some issues that must have in your mind when you are finding the right industrial equipment to start or run your organization, and they are independent. Here are the techniques for finding the right industrial devices to purchase for use in the production and overall management of the industry.
Firstly you are supposed to evaluate yourself to determine what that you want to form the company that you are about to begin. You will know the kinds and qualities of materials to bring into your organization when you establish the kind of industry you are to have. For you to know your needs effectively, you are supposed to know what kind of industry you are in so that from there you will define your needs and wants that you wish to satisfy in the process. This organization has different sectors that all require attention and consequently you should supply the needed devices efficiently.
Every device used in the industry has its market price and therefore there should be some attention given to all of them anytime you are stocking your organization. For this reason you can approximate the amount to spend on stocking the entire organization, and this will enable you to devise a probable budget for the industry to be steadfast. A budget will have considered the standard sizes of the equipment to be purchased for every section of the organization and this necessitate there to be a rough estimate of the amount to be spent. You should not violate the budget in any way, and therefore the budget is used to compare between two high-quality equipment.
You can as well do enough research to establish what the market holds. Printed media are reliable sources of the details concerning the sale of equipment, but also personal presentation at the premises is a feasible method. You should also use the freely available web to do enough research on the best industrial equipment on offer and also you will get them at the targeted price. With that study, you are assured that you will get the best devices to suit your organization.
Your people can provide you with the relevant information that you wish to hear regarding this equipment. They will offer the true information for your to make the perfect choice for your organization.


text:
By Sarah Winch
Read or Download Best Death: How to Die Well PDF
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Best Death: How to Die Well by Sarah Winch

domain: artistic