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“Tobiah in the Bible” refers to the significant figure mentioned multiple times in the Old Testament. Tobiah is featured prominently in the Book of Nehemiah, where his actions and interactions with other biblical figures convey important lessons and convey a powerful message about faith, perseverance, and God’s providence.
The first mention of Tobiah is found in the Book of Nehemiah, wherein he is introduced as an Ammonite servant of Sanballat the Horonite (Nehemiah 2:10). Tobiah plays a central role in the opposition faced by Nehemiah during the rebuilding of Jerusalem’s walls. Despite being
Tobiah In The Bible: A Tale of Faith and Perseverance
One of the lesser-known figures in the Old Testament, Tobiah holds a significant place in biblical history for his unwavering faith in the face of adversity. Found primarily in the Book of Tobit, his story is a testament to the power of trust in God and the strength of personal conviction. Amidst the trials and tribulations he endures, Tobiah’s story provides valuable insights into the timeless themes of fidelity, perseverance, and the rewards of obedience to divine will.
Throughout Tobiah’s journey, we witness his incredible trust in God, which is beautifully captured in the Book of Tobit chapter 5 verse 21: “And Tobiah answered and said, I go whither thou wilt, and what wilt thou have me to do? I know nothing of the way which thou takest me; but do thou with me mercy.” This profound declaration speaks to Tobiah’s complete surrender to the will of God, trusting that he is being led on a path of righteousness even when faced with uncertainty.
In addition to his unwavering faith, Tobiah’s storyline is marked by his determination to fulfill his father’s dying wish, emphasizing the importance of perseverance in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges. Tobit 4:21 reveals Tobiah’s resolute spirit, with the following wise advice echoing: “Do that to no man which thou hatest,” reminding us of the significance of treating others with kindness and respect even in the toughest circumstances.
Join us as we delve deeper into the story of Tobiah, exploring the lessons we can learn from his inspiring journey and how they resonate with us today. Discover how his trials and triumphs continue to serve as a guide for navigating life’s obstacles and strengthening our own faith.
1. Who is Tobiah and what is his role in the Bible?
In the Bible, Tobiah is a prominent character mentioned in the Book of Tobit. The Book of Tobit is an apocryphal book of the Old Testament, and Tobiah is the main protagonist. Tobiah, also known as Tobias, is the son of Tobit, an Israelite from the tribe of Naphtali.
Tobit sends his son Tobiah on a journey to collect a debt, accompanied by the angel Raphael disguised as a fellow traveler. Along the way, Tobiah meets Sarah, a young woman plagued by a curse that has caused the death of her previous seven husbands. Led by Raphael, Tobiah follows a series of instructions to rid Sarah of the curse, ultimately marrying her and returning home with her.
2. How does Tobiah’s story contribute to the overall narrative of the Bible?
Tobiah’s story highlights themes of faith, trust, and divine intervention. It serves as an example of how individuals can maintain their faith and make righteous choices in the face of adversity. This narrative shows the importance of obedience to God’s commandments and the power of prayer. Additionally, the story emphasizes the importance of family and the role of parents in guiding their children in the ways of God. Tobiah’s journey also demonstrates the idea that true fulfillment can be found by following God’s path, even when faced with challenging situations.
Throughout his journey, Tobiah displays virtues such as obedience, trustworthiness, and perseverance. He follows the instructions given to him by his father and the angel Raphael, even when they seem strange or difficult. Tobiah’s devotion to his family is evident in his willingness to risk his life to collect his father’s debt and bring healing to Sarah. He exhibits faith by remaining obedient to God’s commandments and turning to Him in prayer in moments of uncertainty. Tobiah’s integrity and purity of heart are illustrated through his respectful and chaste interactions with Sarah And his commitment to following God’s laws.
Overall, Tobiah’s story serves as an inspiring example of how an individual’s faith and righteousness can lead to blessings, both for themselves and those around them. It reinforces the idea that God is present and active in the lives of His people, providing guidance and support in times of need. Tobiah’s journey also demonstrates the importance of perseverance and trust in God’s plan, even when faced with seemingly insurmountable obstacles.
2. How does Tobiah’s story contribute to the overall narrative of the Bible?
Tobiah’s story contributes to the overall narrative of the Bible by showcasing the power of faith, obedience, and perseverance. In the book of Tobit, we see Tobiah embarking on a journey to retrieve his father’s money and seeking a suitable wife, Sarah. His story mirrors the journey of the Israelites and their struggles to remain faithful to God in the face of trials and temptations.
One example of how Tobiah’s story reflects the broader themes of the Bible can be seen in his obedience to his father’s instructions. In Tobit 5:3-6, Tobit advises his son to journey to a distant land and retrieve a large sum of money. Despite being skeptical at first, Tobiah trusts his father’s guidance and embarks on the dangerous journey. This echoes the theme of obedience to authority figures and highlights the importance of following God’s commands.
Additionally, Tobiah’s story teaches us about the power of prayer and divine providence. In Tobit 6:17-18, Tobiah encounters a large fish that tries to devour him. Through God’s intervention and the guidance of the angel Raphael, Tobiah is able to overcome this challenge. This shows us that, even in the face of adversity, God is always with us and will provide a way out.
Overall, Tobiah’s story contributes to the overall narrative of the Bible by emphasizing the importance of faith, obedience, and trust in God. His journey serves as a reminder to remain steadfast in our faith regardless of the challenges we may face. Through Tobiah’s example, we are encouraged to persevere and rely on God’s guidance in our own lives.
3. What virtues or qualities does Tobiah display in the biblical account?
Tobiah, in the biblical account, displays several virtues and qualities that make him a remarkable figure. One significant virtue that Tobiah demonstrates is his unwavering faith in God. In the Book of Tobit, Tobiah is depicted as a righteous and obedient young man who faithfully follows God’s commandments. In Tobit 1:3-4, it is stated that Tobit, Tobiah’s father, brought him up in the fear of God and taught him to always do good. This upbringing leads to Tobiah’s righteous behavior throughout his journey.
Another virtue that Tobiah exhibits is humility. In the Book of Tobit, Tobiah is sent on a mission by his father to retrieve money that was entrusted to a relative in a distant land. Despite being instructed by his father to hire a reputable and trustworthy guide, Tobiah chooses a stranger named Raphael to accompany him. In Tobit 5:12-14, Tobiah exemplifies humility by acknowledging the wisdom and guidance of Raphael, even though he initially does not recognize him as an angel. This humility is further demonstrated when Tobiah refuses to accept the gifts offered to him by his relatives, stating that he had been sent there to work, not to be served (Tobit 9:6-7).
Furthermore, Tobiah displays the virtue of compassion and kindness. In the Book of Tobit, Tobiah encounters a woman named Sarah, who had been tormented by a demon and had lost seven husbands as a result. Despite the danger and potential harm, Tobiah willingly marries Sarah and successfully drives away the demon with the help of Raphael. This act of compassion and selflessness shows Tobiah’s willingness to go above and beyond to help others, regardless of the risks involved.
Overall, Tobiah’s virtues of faith, humility, and compassion make him a model of righteousness and a source of inspiration for readers of the biblical account .
4. What lessons can be learned from Tobiah’s actions and decisions in the Bible?
One lesson that can be learned from Tobiah’s actions and decisions in the Bible is the importance of perseverance and trust in God. In the book of Nehemiah, Tobiah is depicted as one of the adversaries of Nehemiah, who seeks to undermine and obstruct the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem. Despite facing opposition and discouragement, Tobiah and his companions continue their attempts to halt the progress of the project. However, Nehemiah and the people of Jerusalem remain steadfast in their faith and trust in God, ultimately successfully completing the task.
This teaches us that in the face of challenges and opposition, we should not lose hope or give up, but rather hold onto our faith and trust in God. Tobiah’s actions serve as a reminder that resistance and obstacles may come our way when we are pursuing God’s will, but with determination and faith, we can overcome them.
Furthermore, Tobiah’s story also teaches us the importance of discernment and being mindful of the company we keep. In the book of Nehemiah, Tobiah is portrayed as having alliances with individuals who are against God’s plans and seek to cause harm. This reveals the danger of being influenced by the wrong people and the need to surround ourselves with those who share our values and convictions.
By examining Tobiah’s choices, we can learn that the individuals we associate with can have a significant impact on our actions and decisions. It is crucial to choose our companions wisely and ensure that they align with our beliefs and aspirations. This lesson teaches us the significance of surrounding ourselves with godly and supportive individuals who will encourage us in our faith journey.
5. How does Tobiah’s relationship with other biblical characters shape his story?
Tobiah’s relationships with other biblical characters play a significant role in shaping his story and highlighting his character development. In the Book of Tobit, Tobiah is accompanied by the angel Raphael, who guides him on his journey and helps him overcome various challenges. Tobit, Tobiah’s father, is another important character in his story, embodying faith and virtue as he advises Tobiah throughout his journey. Together, they exhibit the bond between father and son, showing the importance of familial relationships in the biblical narrative.
One of the most impactful relationships in Tobiah’s story is his relationship with Sarah, whom he eventually marries. Sarah has been plagued by a demon, and Tobiah’s marriage to her not only frees her from this torment but also demonstrates the power of love and faith. Their relationship exemplifies the transformative power of trust and the importance of finding companionship that supports one’s spiritual journey.
Additionally, Tobiah’s encounters with other biblical characters shape his story in significant ways. For instance, his encounter with a giant fish highlights his faith and obedience to God’s instructions, as he uses the gall of the fish to free Sarah from the demon. This event showcases his resilience and resourcefulness, as he relies on God’s guidance in the face of adversity.
Furthermore, Tobiah’s interactions with various characters like Azariah and Raguel contribute to his character development. Azariah, who is revealed to be the angel Raphael, provides Tobiah with wise counsel and aids him in his journey. Raguel, Sarah’s father, exemplifies the righteousness and hospitality exhibited by individuals throughout the biblical narrative.
Overall, Tobiah’s relationships with other biblical characters serve as a means of illustrating important themes such as faith, love, and divine guidance. Through these relationships, Tobiah’s story becomes a testament to the transformative power of faith and the significance of human connection within the context of God’s plan .
6. What challenges does Tobiah face in the Bible, and how does he overcome them?
Tobiah faces several challenges in the Bible, and through his faith and perseverance, he manages to overcome them. One of the challenges he faces is the opposition and ridicule from Sanballat and Tobiah the Ammonite. In Nehemiah 4:1-3, it is mentioned that Sanballat and Tobiah mock the rebuilding of Jerusalem’s walls and express their disdain. Despite this, Tobiah remains steadfast and continues to work diligently on the project, refusing to let the mockery discourage him. This shows Tobiah’s strength of character and determination to carry out God’s work, despite the negative comments and opposition he faces.
Another challenge Tobiah encounters is the scarcity of food and resources for the people in Jerusalem. In Nehemiah 5:1-5, it is revealed that the nobles and officials have been extorting money and food from the people, causing great hardship. Tobiah, along with Nehemiah, confronts these leaders and demands that they stop exploiting their fellow Israelites. Through his courage and willingness to stand up for justice, Tobiah helps alleviate the suffering of the people and restore fairness within the community. This demonstrates his compassion and commitment to serving others.
Overall, Tobiah’s challenges in the Bible highlight the importance of perseverance, faith, and righteousness. Despite facing opposition and hardships, Tobiah remains steadfast in his commitment to God’s work and his dedication to doing what is right. His example serves as an inspiration for believers to remain strong even in the face of adversity and to trust in God’s guidance and provision.
7. What is the significance of Tobiah’s interactions with God or divine intervention in the Bible?
Tobiah’s interactions with God and divine intervention play a significant role in his story and demonstrate the importance of faith and trust in God’s guidance. One notable instance of divine intervention in Tobiah’s life is found in the book of Tobit. When Tobiah sets out on a journey with the angel Raphael in disguise, they encounter a large fish. The angel instructs Tobiah to catch the fish and keep its gall, heart, and liver, as these will be used later for healing purposes. This miraculous encounter highlights God’s providence and foreshadows the blessings that will come as a result of Tobiah’s unwavering trust in God.
Another significant interaction between Tobiah and God occurs when he faces a fierce demon named Asmodeus, who had previously killed seven of Tobiah’s potential brides. In this moment of danger, Tobiah prays fervently to God for deliverance, and through divine intervention, the angel Raphael is sent to assist him. The angel instructs Tobiah on how to repel the demon and ultimately helps him defeat Asmodeus. This instance showcases the power of prayer and the assurance that God is always present to provide help and protection in times of need.
These interactions with God and divine intervention in Tobiah’s story serve to reinforce the theme of faith and reliance on God that is prevalent throughout the Bible. They remind readers of the importance of trusting in God’s plan, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges. Tobiah’s experiences teach us that with God’s guidance and intervention, we can overcome the obstacles that come our way and find healing and victory. These instances also highlight God’s faithfulness and His willingness to intervene in the lives of His people, reinforcing the message that He is a loving and caring Father who is actively involved In the lives of those who seek Him.
8. How does Tobiah’s character development evolve throughout the biblical narrative?
Throughout the biblical narrative, Tobiah undergoes a significant character development that mirrors his growth in faith, resilience, and moral compass. Initially introduced as the son of Tobiel, Tobiah is sent by his father to assist Nehemiah in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem. (Nehemiah 2:10) At first, Tobiah displays obedience and a willingness to serve, but his character evolves as he faces various challenges and tests of his faith.
As Tobiah’s story unfolds, he encounters opposition from Sanballat and Tobiah the Ammonite, among others, who mock and plot against the Israelites’ rebuilding efforts. (Nehemiah 2:19, Nehemiah 4:1-3) Despite these obstacles, Tobiah remains steadfast in his commitment to God and his mission. His character development is exemplified in his unwavering determination to carry out God’s work, even in the face of adversity.
In addition to his unwavering faith, Tobiah also demonstrates humility and compassion. He willingly takes on dangerous tasks, such as guarding the walls at night, and shows concern for the well-being of his fellow Israelites. (Nehemiah 4:16-23) His selflessness and dedication to his community display a remarkable transformation in his character, evolving from a dutiful servant to a courageous leader.
Throughout his journey, Tobiah relies heavily on divine intervention and guidance. He constantly seeks God’s wisdom and protection, and God rewards his faithfulness with success. (Nehemiah 6:15-16) Tobiah’s reliance on God’s power and his growing trust in Him highlight his maturing character.
In conclusion, the biblical narrative portrays Tobiah’s character development as he transitions from a dutiful servant to a courageous leader, unwavering in his faith and humble in his actions. His firm reliance on God’s guidance and his commitment to His teachings demonstrate Tobiah As a model of faith and resilience. Through the challenges he faces and his unwavering commitment to God’s work, Tobiah’s character evolves and matures, exemplifying the transformative power of faith and the importance of remaining steadfast in the face of adversity.
9. What historical context or cultural background is important to understand Tobiah’s story in the Bible?
9. To fully understand Tobiah’s story in the Bible, it is important to consider the historical context and cultural background of the time. One significant aspect is the Babylonian exile, which plays a crucial role in Tobiah’s narrative. During this time, the Israelites were taken captive by the Babylonians, and Tobiah’s family was among those who were exiled from Jerusalem. This historical backdrop sets the stage for the challenges Tobiah faces and the lessons he learns throughout his journey.
In the book of Tobit, we see that Tobiah’s father, Tobit, is depicted as a faithful Israelite who continues to follow the laws and commandments of God even in exile. He is known for performing acts of charity and showing kindness to others. This provides an insight into the cultural background of the Jewish people at that time, where acts of righteousness and acts of charity were highly valued.
Another important cultural background to consider is the influence of other nations and their gods on the Israelites during the Babylonian exile. In Tobiah’s story, we see the challenges he faces when he is sent on a journey by his father to retrieve a sum of money. Along the way, Tobiah encounters the angel Raphael, who guides him and aids him in overcoming various obstacles. The presence of angels in Tobiah’s story reflects the belief in divine intervention, which was an integral part of the cultural and religious beliefs of the Israelites.
Overall, understanding Tobiah’s story in the Bible requires a familiarity with the historical context of the Babylonian exile and the cultural background of the Israelites during that time. This includes an understanding of the challenges faced by the Israelites in exile, the importance of acts of righteousness and charity, as well as the belief in divine intervention and the role of angels in their lives. Through these lenses, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the lessons and themes conveyed in Tob Iah’s narrative and apply them to our own lives.
10. What impact does Tobiah’s story have on the broader themes or teachings of the Bible?
Tobiah’s story in the Bible highlights several important themes and teachings that are prevalent throughout scripture. One of the prominent themes that can be observed is the power of faith and trust in God’s provision. In the book of Tobit, Tobiah is guided by the angel Raphael, who serves as a divine companion and protector. This emphasizes the idea that God is actively involved in the lives of His people and is faithful to guide, protect, and provide for them. This theme is also reflected in numerous other stories in the Bible, such as the story of Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt or the story of David and Goliath, where individuals placed their trust in God and experienced miraculous outcomes.
Another important teaching that Tobiah’s story highlights is the importance of obedience and honoring one’s parents. Tobiah willingly follows his father’s instructions without question, even when they seem difficult or burdensome. This obedience is rewarded by God, as Tobiah is blessed with a successful journey and a happy marriage. This teaches readers that honoring and respecting one’s parents is not only a virtue in itself but also leads to favorable outcomes in life. This theme of obedience to authority figures is also echoed in other biblical stories, such as the story of Abraham and Isaac, where Abraham’s willingness to obey God’s command leads to his descendants becoming a great nation.
Overall, Tobiah’s story reinforces the fundamental teachings of faith, trust, obedience, and the belief in God’s active involvement in the lives of His people. It reminds readers that when they place their trust in God and follow His commands, they can experience His provision and protection in their own lives.


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40For he thought by taking him to do the Jews much hurt. 41Now when the multitude would have taken the tower, and violently broken into the outer door, and bade that fire should be brought to burn it, he being ready to be taken on every side fell upon his sword; 42Choosing rather to die manfully, than to come into the hands of the wicked, to be abused otherwise than beseemed his noble birth: 43But missing his stroke through haste, the multitude also rushing within the doors, he ran boldly up to the wall, and cast himself down manfully among the thickest of them.44But they quickly giving back, and a space being made, he fell down into the midst of the void place. 45Nevertheless, while there was yet breath within him, being inflamed with anger, he rose up; and though his blood gushed out like spouts of water, and his wounds were grievous, yet he ran through the midst of the throng; and standing upon a steep rock, 46When as his blood was now quite gone, he plucked out his bowels, and taking them in both his hands, he cast them upon the throng, and calling upon the Lord of life and spirit to restore him those again, he thus died.
"But missing his stroke through haste, the multitude also rushing within the doors, he ran boldly up to the wall, and cast himself down manfully among the thickest of them." 2 Maccabees 14:43 KJVSimilar Verses

domain: literature


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by Flannery O’Connor
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1962
Wise Blood, like most of Flannery O’Connor’s works, is not an easy, comfortable read. O’Connor’s short stories (the most famous of which are “A Good Man is Hard to Find” and “Good Country People”) are often assigned in high school English classes and introductory college lit courses. The stories are bizarre, grotesquely funny, satirical of almost everything, and appeal to the ironic tastes of late adolescence. They are also full of the symbolism and imagery so dearly loved by English teachers trying to lead class discussions. Wise Blood, while having much in common with its short story cousins, is unlikely to be assigned to the typical high school reading list – particularly in the South. If it was, it would probably be banned faster than Harry Potter meets Holden Caufield. Here the critique of simple minded religion, played out by (fake) evangelical, fundamentalist preachers, is even more evident. The disdain of religion by the major characters is strong. The sex is more prominent. The violence, as usual, is, well, pretty violent. O’Connor called the book a comedy, but it’s not comic in the sense of causing laughter. It’s not a comedy in the Shakespearian sense where all the characters marry at the end. It’s dark, but not darkly funny, like “Good Country People” is. Of course, after one has stepped away from the book, remembering scenes such as the theft a mummified corpse from the museum or a character running through the city dressed in a gorilla suit do seem absurd and bizarrely humorous. Trying to describe what the book is about, particularly to a non-reader, one is faced with the faced with the completely absurd plot line. On the other hand, while reading it, one has a parallel, more serious, experience, of facing the darkest elements of the human condition. Do I recommend Wise Blood? I’m not sure how I feel about it. As I said, it made me uneasy. O’Connor thinks that’s good for us.

domain: artistic


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A wonderfully crafted, gold plated pocket watch. The front opens to reveal a classic white dial. The watch face is encased in a gold plated case that can be engraved with a message of your choice. This beautiful piece is packaged in a special gift box with a matching chain.
A great gift for your friends and loved ones.

domain: design


This product has been deactivated
Castelli Transparente Due Wind Jersey FZ is a favorite for autumn and spring riding, and is warmer than the stated comfort range of 50°F. It is as light as a jersey, as warm as a jacket, and remarkably breathable with a cut that makes you forget you have it on. Windstopper X-Lite Stretch fabric on the front is windproof and splash resistant, effectively sealing out the cold elements. Rear panels of easy-breathing warmer fleece provide insulation and enhance wicking. A high, soft collar shields your neck and chest without restricting movement. Other details include a full-length zipper with draft flap, a zippered mesh-lined front pocket, three rear pockets, reflective piping on the front and rear, and elastic gripper on the waist to limit ride up. Recommended for temperatures between 50°F and 64°F.


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Phoenix business launches safety app for travelers; here’s how it works
PHOENIX (3TV/CBS 5) -- It’s time to hit the road for spring break and along the way, you may encounter unfamiliar places.
Now, a new app that was created in Phoenix is helping travelers stay safe while they’re out of town. “You go through lots of places along the way, and you don’t know those areas,” said Vince Bicicchi, co-founder of Arizona-based OZZI. “I think our coolest feature we have is our mapping feature. It’s completely automated, so if you drive through an area, it will actually send you a push notification to your phone and just say, ‘Hey, you’re in a tough area.’ If you want to learn more details, you just click through and read about it.”
The travel safety tool is years is in the making. “I started building safety apps in 2015 in response to the terrorist attacks in France, and after learning about the opportunity and how only executives in governments have access to this information, I wanted to do something more and help everybody,” said co-founder Isaiah Lopez. “Our guides can help you understand if you need a visa, what taxis are safe, and what gestures to avoid. Then when you’re ready to book, you can look at our maps to find a safer spot for your Airbnb or your hotel, and we will send you real-time alerts.”
On Your Side tested OZZI, first with an address in Phoenix. Immediately, a red zone emerged, noting crime in the area. We also checked one of the most famous sights in the world. “I just typed in the Eiffel Tower, and what I can do is I can zoom out a little bit and see that there are some neighborhoods and some areas that have extra risks,” Lopez showed us. Users can swipe through the app to check everything from security ratings to health alerts at any address. “In just one of our 200,000 sources, there are more than 500 million data points that are analyzed every single day,” Lopez said.
OZZI costs $9.99 for a seven-day membership or $14.99 per month for an annual subscription. “We’re kind of the quiet watcher in the pocket that’s doing the worrying for you. We’ll let you know when to worry,” Bicicchi said. “But for the most part, places are pretty safe.”
Copyright 2023 KTVK/KPHO. All rights reserved.

domain: geography


October 19, 2016
House of Commons Standing Committee on
Public Safety and National Security
Re: Public Consultation on Canada’s National Security Framework
At the pride march which followed and celebrated the passage of a bill which incorporated the words “sexual orientation” into the Ontario Human Rights Code (1986), two groups where asked to lead that march. One group was the Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights in Ontario (CLGRO), which is the predecessor or our group Queer Ontario (QO). The other was a group named the Right To Privacy Committee (RTPC). This symbolizes the degree of importance placed on the right to privacy in our communities.
Accomplishing this success, which was met with tremendous resistance and had been the major focus of CLGRO for 12 years, enabled us to lobby for and eventually win recognition federally in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Resistance to these accomplishments within Canadian society continues. We see Bill C-51 as an example of that resistance and an effort to undermine the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Much as we appreciate the need for the government to protect Canadian public from the threats of terrorism, we keep in mind that a major goal of those threats is to undermine our way of life and destroy those rights and freedoms for which we have so long fought. The aspects of Bill C-51 which undermine the Charter of Rights and Freedoms actually work to support the goals of the terrorists.
I’ll just provide two examples:
First, the Bill expands the definition of security threats to potentially include an extraordinary range of social justice activities.
Second, Canada’s Security Agency, CSIS, was created to erect a buffer between the collecting of information and the ability to act on that information as law enforcement due to the history of past human rights abuses duly recognized. Bill C-51 radically redefines CSIS’s role to one which bears resemblance to a secret state police force with no public accountability. This is not compatible with the most fundamental tenets of liberal democratic states and is in violation of the Canadian Charter.
We entreat the government to repeal the Act created by Bill C-51 and ensure that legislation brought forward to protect the Canadian public from threats of terrorism will also protect those rights enshrined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.


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Anyone doubting the Volkswagen Group’s commitment to electrification needs to give their head a shake. Not only does the automaker expect to sell 3 million electrified cars in 2025, the company promises no less than four separate platforms dedicated either partially or totally to its upcoming EV fleet. First up is the MLB Evo, a modular chassis capable of housing gas and electric powertrains and currently being used by the E-tron SUV. Then there’s the small MEB, a pure EV platform planned for all VW EVs using the ID identification and Audi’s Q4 e-tron. Next up is the J1 currently underpinning the Porsche Taycan and soon Audi’s e-tron GT.
Then there’s the PPE — no, not the personal protective equipment we’re used to hearing so much about these days — Premium Platform Electric which has no models officially designated but is predicted to house Audi’s electrically-powered über-sedans and SUVs in the future. Already the company is boasting success for its fledgling EV program, the freshly launched E-tron already displacing Tesla‘s Model 3 as the best-selling car in the EV-mad Scandinavian country, Norway, the first time any traditional automaker company has been able to break Tesla’s hegemony on the luxury EV segment anywhere.
The Q4 e-tron Sportback is yet another glimpse into how Audi will grow its portfolio into a full lineup of EVs. Measuring 4,600 millimetres from stem to stern, it’s a large compact or a small mid-size depending on your view of the glass half-full-half-empty argument. But thanks to the jettisoning of internal combustion, Audi’s engineers were able to stretch its wheelbase to a full 2,770-mm which, according to the company, makes this Q4’s interior two segment sizes larger than its exterior; in European terms, a C-class versus an A-class. Amar Vaya, the chief exterior designer, says it’s all about the Q4’s dash-to-front-axle ratio and the ability to stretch out the interior. He also says that this Q4’s cargo space is as copious as a traditional Q5’s.
As for cabin décor, you’ll find all sorts of modernities inside the conceptual Q4. Keeping with the sustainability theme, the floor mats are made of recycled materials and chrome has been eschewed for high-gloss paint. There’s also a huge 12.3-inch touchscreen for Audi’s latest MMI interface and, since the centre console does not need to hold functional elements such as a gear lever or hand brake, there’s a spacious stowage compartment that includes a phone-charging cradle.
As for more pedestrian things like range and performance, the most popular version of the new Q4 EV — due out in 2021 — will feature an electric motor on each axle (for a permanent Quattro AWD system) for a total of 225 kilowatts (301 horsepower), good enough, says Audi, to accelerate the Sportback to 100 km/h in 6.3 seconds. Contrary to traditional ICE construction, the e-tron’s AWD system defaults to rear-wheel drive with the larger 150 kW rear electric motor driving the Q4 in normal conditions. Only when the rear wheels slip — or maximum acceleration is called for — does the front 75-kW motor kick in.
An 82 kilowatt-hour battery ensures range will be 450 km in the WLTP cycle. For those suffering severe range anxiety, the company will offer a rear-wheel drive version that will hit 500 klicks on a charge, but there’s no indication we’ll get the long-range version here. One thing that may prove disappointing for those shopping the very latest in EV technology is that the fastest charger available for the new Q4 will be 125 kilowatts. Audi recently put out a missive explaining that its 125-kW chargers were more efficient than the competition’s — that should be read Tesla — but with 350-kW charging expected to become de rigeueur in the near future, it would seem to be a bit like boasting you have the best flathead engine ever produced. As it is, Audi says the Q4 can get an 80 per cent recharge in 30 minutes from a 125-kW charging station.
Plugged In Podcast
Electrify Canada is opening 32 public fast-charging stations in four provinces by the end of 2020. In our final episode of Season 2, we talk with company COO Robert Barrosa


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(p. A12) Though many of his wackier ideas bombed, Mr. Sugarman came up with a big winner now and then, including pocket calculators in the early 1970s and his BluBlocker sunglasses, designed to filter out ultraviolet and blue light waves, starting in the 1980s.
. . .
Trouble came in 1979 when the Federal Trade Commission accused him of violating a rule requiring firms to send out mail-order items promptly or notify customers of delays. Mr. Sugarman said the delays were caused by blizzards and a computer breakdown. The FTC proposed a $100,000 fine.
Mr. Sugarman counterattacked with a pamphlet, “The Monster That Eats Business,” an indictment of the FTC illustrated with cartoons in the style of Mad magazine. He accused FTC officials of hounding him over trivial lapses. After six years of fighting, he agreed to a settlement requiring him to pay a fine of $115,000 over four years. Mr. Sugarman said he had spent $500,000 on legal fees and added that “we are completely innocent of the charges.”
The success of BluBlocker sunglasses dug him out of that hole. Mr. Sugarman had a home on Maui, where he published a weekly newspaper. He flew small airplanes. He drove a Ferrari Testarossa. He looked dapper in his BluBlockers.
For the full obituary, see:
James R. Hagerty. “Marketing Guru Survived His Flops and Found Hits.” The Wall Street Journal (Saturday, April 2, 2022): A12.
(Note: ellipsis added.)
(Note: the online version of the obituary has the date March 29, 2022, and has the title “Marketing Maverick Survived Flops, Found Hits.”)

domain: law


NATO's Tactical Missiles: Updating Set Back
By BERNARD E. TRAINOR, Special to the New York Times
Published: December 15, 1988
WASHINGTON, Dec. 14— Last week's announcement at the United Nations by Mikhail S. Gorbachev of cuts in the Soviet armed forces dims the prospects for early modernization of NATO's short-range tactical nuclear weapons.
Officials of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization view the planned modernization as an important part of the alliance's deterrent strategy and militarily essential to counter the Soviet Union's larger missile arsenal. But West Germany appears to see arms control talks as a more attractive alternative.
The aging short-range American Lance missile, with a range of about 80 miles, is NATO's primary nuclear missile after last year's Soviet-American treaty agreement to eliminate the Pershing 2 intermediate-range missiles and ground-launched cruise missiles.
The Lance was scheduled to be succeeded by another missile by the mid-1990's. The United States is eager to replace it because it is nearing the end of its useful life, lacks range to match comparable Soviet missiles and requires many people to operate, a Defense Department spokesman said. A replacement missile, which under the provisions of the new Treaty on Intermediate Nuclear Forces could have a range up to 300 miles, is yet to be agreed upon. But the leading candidate is the Army's Tactical Missile System, known as Atacms. Reportedly it will have both greater range and accuracy than the Lance. Atacms is being developed primarily as a non-nuclear weapon, but the 1988 Defense Authorization Act provided funds to study its use as a dual-capable system.
The successor to Lance will also partially fill the gap created by the I.N.F. treaty between purely battlefield nuclear weapons, such as artillery, and the more powerful strategic intercontinental ballistic missiles. It will also be able to reach targets difficult to reach by nuclear armed attack aircraft.
The NATO allies see modernization of tactical nuclear weapons like Lance not only as a military imperative, useful for deterrence, but as leverage in arms control negotiations with the Soviets.
But there is growing sentiment in West Germany to defer any improvements in the short-range nuclear weapons until Soviet intentions are tested in the coming Conventional Stability Talks, scheduled to take place in Vienna early next year.
West German polls taken before Mr. Gorbachev's United Nations speech showed that a majority of Germans opposed to nuclear modernization in the wake of the political battle over deployment of the Pershing 2 intermediate-range missiles and their subsequent withdrawal after the I.N.F. negotiations. One Western expert on NATO said, ''The Germans are war-weary of political missile battles.''
Many American officials say the Soviets will try to exploit these German attitudes in an effort to weaken alliance cohesiveness. Germany the Likely Target
West Germans have always been uneasy about battlefield nuclear weapons because their limited range dictates that they are likely to fall on German territory if they are ever used.
There are 59 launchers and an estimated 690 Lance missiles with nuclear warheads in NATO's European territory. France also has 32 launchers for its short-range Pluton misssile, which is part of France's independent nuclear deterrent.
The Soviets and their Warsaw Pact allies have 1,432 comparable missile systems with ranges from 35 to 185 miles. In addition to the missiles, both sides have significant numbers of artillery and aircraft capable of being used with conventional or nuclear munitions.
American military officers say a slowdown in modernization of Lance is clearly undesirable but not yet critical from a purely military standpoint, as the 15-year-old Lance will remain an effective weapon for a few more years. It has been upgraded once and can be upgraded again, although its basic weaknesses will remain. But, these officers say, failure to modernize erodes NATO's strategy of insuring deterrence through strength.


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The unexpected disclosure that President Reagan last week underwent his third surgical procedure for cancer in three months was deemed by experts to be of little significance to his health. There is almost certainly no connection between Mr. Reagan's colon cancer, a life-threatening growth that was removed July 13, and the relatively benign basal cell cancer of the skin removed from President Reagan's nose on July 30 and apparently again on Thursday.
But the announcement appeared likely to generate a new round of questions about the adequacy of the President's medical care and the candor of the White House in discussing it. Outside doctors were uncertain just why or how skin cancer was detected a second time because only sketchy details were made available. Among the possibilities: The surgery on Mr. Reagan's nose in July might not have removed all the cancer cells, as is the case in 5 to 15 percent of such operations, or sunlight could be causing skin cancers to appear in what could become an ongoing process.
Though the skin cancer is considered no threat to the health of the fair-skinned President, the White House has seemed eager to play down mention of it. The previous skin cancer surgery was not disclosed until reporters made repeated inquiries after Mr. Reagan appeared with a small bandage on his nose. He announced the latest procedure when he appeared to discuss the interception of an Egyptian plane carrying Palestinian hijackers. He was wearing a patch on the right side of his nose and said he was announcing the skin removal because ''I figured you might ask'' about it.

domain: health


text:
The Panthers are rebuilding for the future, so it’s quite obvious that Plaxico Burress, at age 35, would not fit as a part of the team’s long-term plans. The main concern for the Panthers, however, is not just Burress’ age, but his behavior off the field. Burress served part of a two-year prison sentence for criminal possession of a weapon and reckless endangerment for carrying a concealed gun into a club. Not to mention, Burress has been sued more than nine times throughout his pro career for various traffic violations. Clearly the last thing the Panthers need when rebuilding a team full of young promising talent is a post-prime veteran with a long rap sheet.
Nonetheless, the NFL is the National Football League – not the National Moral Character League – and it would be more important to evaluate how Burress would help the Panthers before dismissing him as a worthy pickup.
At 6-foot-5, Burress’ main contribution would be his red-zone production. He would be a huge target deep in opponent territory and a solid number two receiver opposite Steve Smith. However, the Panthers – who were 7th in the league in red-zone touchdowns – had no problem finishing off drives last season. Between Cam Newton, DeAngelo Williams, Jonathan Stewart, Mike Tolbert, Steve Smith and Greg Olsen, they have plenty of options in the red zone without adding Burress to the mix.
At 35, Plaxico Burress isn’t getting any younger. At best, he’s capable of playing two productive seasons inCarolina. On the other hand, Brandon LaFell has shown significant improvements over his two year tenure with the Panthers. This season will be his first chance to solidify his spot as the number two receiver for the foreseeable future. Additionally, David Gettis showed a lot of promise in 2010 prior to being placed on the IR for the entire 2011 season. The main issue with signing Burress is he would be taking away time and valuable experience for these young talented receivers. LaFell, in particular, needs a chance to show what he can do at the number two spot. Splitting time with Legedu Naanee last season and Gettis in 2010 has not allowed LaFell to demonstrate his full potential in his first two NFL seasons.
Burress’ age, price tag, (even if he decides to lower it) and off-the-field issues, along with the fact that he would take away valuable playing time from the young Carolina receivers, are the reasons why he just doesn’t make sense as a free agent pickup for the Panthers.
Visit Panthers 101 for more Carolina Panthers news, rumors and commentary.

domain: news


text:
Paul grew up in an east coast family devoted to community service. A New Jersey native from the Township of Livingston, his father, Joe, a salesman who routinely worked six-day weeks, made time to serve as a volunteer police officer and president of the Little League baseball program. His mother, Rhoda, in addition to running the household, was perennial president of the PTA, secretary to the township attorney and an ever-present face on local campaigns and committees.
Having fallen in love with the Mile High City during a cross-country voyage, Paul moved his family to Colorado in 1971, living briefly in Breckenridge, Wheat Ridge and Englewood before moving to Denver in 1976. A long time resident of the Virginia Village neighborhood, he has made his home in District 6 for some 40 years (in Virginia Village, Washington Park East and Cory Merrill), with the exception of a few years spent in the far reaches of West Washington Park in the mid-1980s.
A graduate of Upsala College (East Orange, NJ) with a B.A. in Sociology, Paul spent a successful decade in the corporate world, with both IBM and NCR, before shifting gears and signing on as advertising representative with the fledgling Washington Park Profile newspaper shortly after it’s founding in the winter of 1978. Finding The Profile an unexpectedly fine fit for his journalistic talents, love for people and inherited passion for community service, Paul took over the role of publisher a few years later, expanding both the scope and depth of the publication, eventually guiding it to it’s place among the most highly respected of Denver’s community newspapers. He turned the paper over to new ownership in February of this year.
The proud parent of a blended group of five wonderful children and six grandchildren, outside of work Paul enjoys running, golf, hiking, reading, live music and live theater. Paul and his guitar are in great demand for bedtime lullabyes and campfire singalongs. He is renowned among his circle of friends for his skill at three-ball juggling.
Meet Councilman Kashmann at Pete’s University Café on Thursday Mornings from 8 a.m. to noon. There is parking in the back.
UPDATE: In resonse to the COVID-19 pandemic, these meetings are canceled until further notice.
Sign up for the Council District 6 newsletter to receive the latest news and events in the district, straight to your inbox!
District 6 Neighborhoods include:
Washington Park, University of Denver, Virginia Village, Cory-Merrill, Rosedale, University, Washington Virginia Vale, Windsor
City and County Building
1437 Bannock St., #451
Denver, CO 80202
UPDATE: Office hours are canceled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Thursdays, 8 a.m. to noon
(no appointment needed)
Pete's University Park Cafe
2345 E. Evans Ave.
Denver, CO 80210
If you would like to meet at another time and place, don’t hesitate to call 720-337-6666.


text:
A new £10million retail park has been approved for Fort William – bringing a Marks and Spencer food store to the town for the first time.
Highland Council’s south area planning committee yesterday approved the proposed complex, which will include a M&S Simply Food, Aldi and Home Bargains.
Nearly 200 construction jobs and 150 long-term jobs will be created.
The proposals were put forward by Morbaine Ltd, who last night said they were delighted they could now move forward.
Director Alex Brodie said: “I’m delighted that the council decided to approve our planning application.
“Once again, I have to thank the local people and councillors for their continued patience and support over what has been a long process.
“Whilst this application has been considered, we’ve been continuing our construction tendering process which has helped limit the delay.”
He said he was optimistic of construction beginning in the summer and the retail park opening in mid-2017.
“It would bring significant economic benefits and increased retail options to local people,” Mr Brodie added.
The company was instructed in January to resubmit its application because of revisions required after the discovery of underground fibre-optic cabling at the five-acre site in the town’s North Road. The cables were beneath a planned A82 roundabout access.
BT had to maintain access to its equipment which meant the junction had to be moved, altering the boundary of the site.

domain: economics


How to Check and Replace a Timing Belt in a Hyundai Sonataby Contributor
If your Hyundai Sonata idles rough, is sluggish, clattering or backfiring, your timing chain probably needs replacing. The timing belt keeps your car's crankshaft and camshaft valves opening and shutting in synch with the pistons. Checking and replacing the belt regularly prevents breakage and serious engine damage and helps you avoid being stranded on the highway.
Check Your Timing Belt
Check your owner's manual for the recommended mileage for replacing your timing belt. Replacement for Hyundai Sonatas is 60,000 miles.
Locate the timing belt and examine it for breaks, damage, fraying, worn spots or looseness.
Inspect the belt for cracked or missing teeth that may be the result of foreign material collecting between them.
Determine if the timing belt damage is on both sides. Single-side damage may be caused by the timing belt's guide.
Remove Your Timing Belt
Disengage the negative battery cable.
Turn the tensioner arm to the right 14° and take the timing belt off its pulley.
Take out the coolant pump, idler, tensioner and crankshaft pulleys and both timing belt covers.
Remove the engine's mounting insulator and mount bracket and the auto tensioner.
Align the crankshaft's timing mark so the first cylinder piston is at "Top Dead Center" (TDC). The camshaft sprocket and cylinder head cover timing marks also should align.
Unfasten the timing belt.
Replace Your Timing Belt
Examine the cam and crankshaft sprockets. Replace if there is excessive wear or other damage.
Position the new timing belt on the sprockets.
Relax the timing belt tensioner so it can make contact with the belt. Adjust the belt to the tension recommended in your vehicle owner's manual. Also align the timing indicators on the cam, crank and other sprockets.
Return the engine to the 0° mark by turning it two revolutions in the direction of travel.
Secure the timing belt cover and reinstall whatever was removed to access the timing cover.
Reconnect the negative battery cable and any other items that were disconnected.
Start the engine and look for leaks.
- Old or worn timing belts may stick in the pulley grooves. Use a screwdriver for leverage.
- Hyundai Sonatas with v6 engines have timing chains.
Items you will need
- New timing belt
- Various wrenches and screwdrivers
- Socket set


text:
Attractive Traditional Styling
About this Plan
See What's Included in this Plan...
- Tapered columns support the front porch of this attractive traditional home plan.
- A living room and the formal dining room flank the foyer that leads back to the open floor plan.
- With no columns to separate the kitchen, dinette and great room, you will be able to enjoy lovely views. These extend to the vaulted sunroom with windows on three sides and sliding doors giving access to the back deck.
- A tray vaulted ceiling graces the second floor master suite with a sitting area and large walk-in closet.
- Three bedrooms and a study area complete the home.
- Related Plan: For an alternate exterior, see house plan 14534RK.


text:
Jason Trost plays JTRO, a member of the 248 gang who hangs up his dancing shoes after his brother BTRO (Brandon Barrera) dies while competing with 245 gang leader L Dubba E (Lee Valmassy). Retiring to a remote lumberyard outside the FP – Frazier Park -- where he toils in obscurity, JTRO tries to forget the past and move on. But when KCDC (Art Hsu) reconnects with him and asks he help rescue the 245 from 248’s oppressive reign, he reluctantly agrees to take up the mantle of leadership left empty after BTRO’s death. Teaming up with KCDC and a girl from his ‘hood named Stacy (Caitlyn Folley), JTRO, begins to train for the ultimate showdown for supremacy of the FP, hoping that victory may pay tribute to the loss of BTRO.
At the same time, there’s something deeply charming about the film in the same way as something like Sylvester Stallone’s “Demolition Man,” in the sense that it mines a lot of humor out of goofy, futuristic anachronisms that seem destined to become their own punch line in years to come. (There’s nothing as immediately iconic as the “three seashells” in Stallone’s film, but it seems inevitable that fans of “The FP” will start using phrases like “that’s bullshit-ass shit” often in their everyday lives.) Even the central premise -- battling on arcade machines that test the player’s reflexes and dancing skills -- quite frankly already feels quaint; with home platforms offering similar games that have already eliminated those Simon-like floor pads, the film’s relevancy has already passed, making it more of a nostalgia piece than any accurate portrait of people’s immersion in pop culture right now.
Having seen the film at the 2011 SXSW Film Festival and then again recently to commemorate its theatrical release, it’s clear that many of its problems are systemic – budgetary limitations, conceptual inconsistencies, and some pretty bad performances. But a tighter cut might have brought some of its ideas into sharper focus, and even enhanced the humor, which often unfortunately gets undermined by languid pacing and lackluster storytelling. Overall, the Trosts’ first feature effort gets a lot of points for its ambition, scruffy charm and sometimes-brilliant execution – especially visually, where co-director and cinematographer Brandon (who was the cinematographer for “MacGruber” and “Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance”) gives everything a rich, glossy sheen worthy of any big-budget action blockbuster. But its other artistic merits are inconsistent at best, and fail to overcome the shortcomings of its simplistic and self-aware storytelling. All of which is why “The FP” functions perfectly as a cult movie, but its ambition never feels bigger than to achieve that benchmark. And that’s ultimately disappointing, because it could have been something not just bigger, but truly brilliant. [B-]


Excellent video by Dana (and, I believe, her 12 year old son) that collects many many video snippets from a variety of citizen journalists around the planet, showing that the msm reports of “dire emergency huge crowds of people lining up because of the CV-19” is FALSE.
My work now backed up on Brighteon.com. (more below) Is this truly Viral or is to do with the fact that F.I.V.E.-G? C.H.I.N.A has unleashed 60 Ghz all throughout the country with WU-HAN as the PILOT CITY. Unbelievable comparisons to symptoms ‘showing’ as a V-Irus compared vs what happens when one is hit with 60GHz waves, and it’s impact on the uptake of oxygen via the hemoglobin. This specific frequency is absorbed by oxygen. 60GHz causes the rotation of the electrons around the oxygen molecule to spin, thus inhibiting the ability of hemoglobin to properly uptake these oxygen molecules. What would be the ultimate ‘solution’ to such a problem as this “V.I.Rus”? Let me know if you’d like emails from me to receive notifications of video uploads in future. Email me at firstname.lastname@example.org ; just say “Notify me” in the subject heading. 🙂 Getting this together now…Blessings!
As for those who know of my being demonetized and who feel led to financially support this YouTube video work via your donations, here are links:
To donate via PayPal, put the following into your browser bar:


text:
The Home of Stylish Artificial Flowers
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text:
(Max Available: 1)
This decorative straw floor vase is a great accent piece to any display or lounge setup. Add your favorite dried stems or keep them empty as you please. A great way to add some texture to your design. Pair with our medium sized straw vase for a great duo.
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*Delivery: Delivery option is available for this item at an extra charge. Please contact us directly to arrange delivery add-on.
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text:
Screening tens to hundreds of proteins for enzymatic activity or protein interactions can now be performed in a quantitative and economical manner using protein microarrays. Recent validated examples include assays for human protein kinases and protein interactions with p53. Here we describe the QArray series of instruments for the printing and assaying of such arrays. Of particular note is printing of arrays into microwell plates, a methodology that combines the benefits of arrays and the convenience of a conventional assay format.
Genetix markets a number of products for protein arraying. All three arrayers, QArrayMini, QArray2 or QArrayMax use pins for spotting proteins onto surfaces (Fig. 1). These give less than 3% variation under standard conditions, and work to date indicates that the spotted proteins maintain their activity and are not denatured or inactivated by contact with the tungsten pins or various array surfaces. In the early development of protein arrays, much controversy surrounded whether the arrays should be made by contact printing with pins or by noncontact methods. Pins are now accepted as the industry standard. The difficulty with noncontact systems is that accumulation of static charge can cause inaccurate deposition of the spots (Fig. 2), and the expensive and delicate arraying pipettes have to be cleaned between the application of each protein to an array. In the case when many different proteins are arrayed on a relatively small number of slides (<100), this adds substantially to the time required to make the arrays.
Arraying DNA onto surfaces usually requires either modification of the surface to create a three-dimensional surface or chemical modification (amide, aldehyde or epoxy groups) to couple the oligonucleotides or cDNAs to the array substrate.
Protein arrays are created by printing spots of protein (for example, antibodies, recombinant proteins, peptides) on a solid surface such as a glass slide coated with a protein-binding chemistry. For such arrays, it is typical to modify the surface with molecules such as nickel or streptavidin to bind His-tagged or biotin-labeled proteins, respectively. This, of course, limits the range of proteins to be arrayed and requires specific surfaces for specific protein constructs. The production of proteins in bacterial or human cell culture systems are well-established procedures, and such proteins can be expressed with specific fusion tags for immobilization to appropriately coated solid surfaces. For nontagged proteins, the same surfaces used for DNA arrays such as amine, aldehyde or epoxy chemistries can be used for the capture of proteins onto the array.
Two factors that are important for arraying proteins are humidity and temperature. These can be regulated in the Genetix QArray series of arrayers.
Examples of proteins that have been successfully arrayed on chips are kinases and p53 (ref. 1). These are clearly important in cell signaling, and validate the approach of using arrays for investigating both the substrate specificity of mutants (DNA binding for p53 using a fluorescent labeled oligonucleotide) and substrate specificity2,3. As these are signaling molecules, the protein interactions can also be measured on these arrays.
The screening of serum for antigens, using protein arrays requires much smaller sample volumes compared to a standard microwell format. The amount of serum required to develop an array containing over 10,000 features can be the same as that required to develop a single feature in a well of a 96-well plate. Genetix microarrayers have been used for a range of such applications4,5,6,7,8. There are some cases, however, in which microwells have an advantage in that they can be easier to handle with existing instrumentation. For example, the Genetix QArrayMini and QArray 2 have been optimized to generate high-quality protein arrays both in individual wells of a microwell plate and on slides on the same instrument. These can be printed at a density of up to 100 spots per well in a 96-well plate, and up to 16 spots in a 384-well plate (Fig. 3). This method is particularly useful in diagnostic or clinical applications in which many samples are tested in parallel against only a few specific proteins of interest. The hybrid bed on the Genetix arrayers allows both slides and plates to be printed on the same instrument.
Other important advances in this field include the development of techniques for studying carbohydrates on proteins9 using lectins. This is an area of increasing importance for diagnostics. Finally, arraying proteins allows screening of metabolites and proteins that bind them10. This is a real challenge, as small metabolites cannot easily be labeled, and the future for such studies may lie in arrays in which the interaction is subsequently detected by Raman or mass spectroscopy.
About this article
This article was submitted to Nature Methods by a commercial organization and has not been peer reviewed. Nature Methods takes no responsibility for the accuracy or otherwise of the information provided.

domain: biology


text:
Cheap YAZ to Angra do Heroismo flights
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Airlines taking no chances with Nor'easter; flights cancelled
Wed, 07 Nov 2012 14:12:56 GMT —
Another storm, another headache for air travelers on the east coast.
Major airlines are cancelling flights in and out of the New York area ahead of the second significant storm in little more than a week.
The world's largest airline, United, is suspending most service to New York starting at noon today due to a Nor'easter (named Athena by The Weather Channel) forecast to impact the region. It warns that bad weather will likely cause more delays and cancellations throughout the Northeast.
American Airlines is shutting down in New York at 3 p.m. today. It's also stopping flights to and from Philadelphia at noon.
Most other airlines, including Delta Air Lines Inc. and JetBlue Airways Corp., are asking passengers to reschedule their Northeast flights for a later date. They're waiving the usual change fees of up to $150.
Superstorm Sandy last week led to about 24,000 flight cancellations.
If you have plans to fly to the east coast, you might want to reschedule. Airlines highly recommend that you call ahead to make sure your flight is still scheduled.
The Associated Press contributed to the report.


text:
Dublin based youth workers and young people met with politicians in Leinster House on Wednesday (27th March) to discuss the impact further cuts will have on the vital work carried out by youth projects in the city.
The meeting followed the announcement that the Minister for Children, Frances Fitzgerald, is seeking to impose a further 10% funding cut on City of Dublin Youth Services Board (CDYSB) youth projects.
Sinn Féin TD, Sandra McLellan, facilitated the meeting between both opposition and Government politicians and over 40 young people.
Youth projects help guide the personal and social development of young people, particularly in areas of disadvantage. There are 70 CDYSB youth projects engaging with 28,341 young people. This infrastructure also supports 2,926 volunteers.
SIPTU Sector Organiser, Darragh O’Connor, said: “Since 2009, projects funded by the CDYSB have experienced a 25% cut in funding, this has resulted in pay cuts, redundancies and a reduction in services for young people. Any further cuts are simply unsustainable.”
He added: “A recent Indecon report showed that for every €1 spent on youth work, the State saves €2.22 on other services. SIPTU members are calling on the minister, Frances Fitzgerald, to recognise the social, personal and economic benefits of youth work and reverse this cut. The union and the young people affected are committed to continuing their campaign until the cuts decision is reversed.”

domain: politics


text:
|Year : 2020 | Volume
| Issue : 1 | Page : 162-164
Primary diffuse large B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the thoracic spine presented initially as an epigastric pain
Fakhr Fakhouri1, Nihad Shoumal2, Batoul Obeid3, Ayman Alkhoder4
1 Department of Neurosurgery, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Trier, Germany
2 Department of Neurosurgery, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
3 Department of Pathology, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria
4 Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
|Date of Submission||01-Oct-2019|
|Date of Acceptance||24-Dec-2019|
|Date of Web Publication||25-Feb-2020|
Dr. Fakhr Fakhouri
Department of Neurosurgery, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Bruder, Nordallee 1, 54292 Trier
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) compromises the vast majority of lymphomas and predominantly takes on the form of B-cell lymphomas. More specifically, 30% of all newly diagnosed cases of NHL in the United States (US) are of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) type, making it the most prevalent form of NHL in the US. Arising from either nodal or extra-nodal lymphatic tissue origin, DLBCL is an aggressive tumor which is fatal if left untreated. Primary central nervous system lymphoma is rare; however, when diagnosed, it presents as a DLBCL in 90% of patients. Herein, we present an elderly male complaining initially of acute epigastric pain but soon afterward developed acute spinal cord compressive symptoms; subsequently, it was found to be caused by a primary DLBCL diagnosed in the thoracic spinal cord. This case report presents a rare condition with unexpected initial presentation, and we attempt to illustrate the importance of early detection and treatment of DLBCL in attaining more favorable prognostic and survival rates among patients. Written consent was obtained from the patient after reading a written summary of the case report. This consent was checked and approved from the Scientific Board of the University of Aleppo.
Keywords: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, epidural mass lesion, epigastric pain, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, spinal tumor
|How to cite this article:|
Fakhouri F, Shoumal N, Obeid B, Alkhoder A. Primary diffuse large B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the thoracic spine presented initially as an epigastric pain. Asian J Neurosurg 2020;15:162-4
|How to cite this URL:|
Fakhouri F, Shoumal N, Obeid B, Alkhoder A. Primary diffuse large B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the thoracic spine presented initially as an epigastric pain. Asian J Neurosurg [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Jul 30];15:162-4. Available from: https://www.asianjns.org/text.asp?2020/15/1/162/279035
| Introduction|| |
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) compromises the vast majority of lymphomas. Thirty percent of all newly diagnosed cases of NHL in the United States are of the Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) type, making it the most prevalent form of NHL in the US. DLBCL is an aggressive tumour which is fatal if left untreated.
Primary Central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is rare, but when diagnosed it presents as a DLBCL in 90% of patients.
We present a case of an elderly male with unexpected initial presentation and rapid neurological deterioration. However, he was treated in time and fortunately showed an excellent recovery.
| Case Report|| |
A 60-year-old Middle Eastern male, with no significant medical history, presented to the emergency room complaining of acute nonradiating epigastric pain started about 6–7 h earlier. There was no vomiting, nausea, or anorexia. There was no jaundice, pallor, or history of loss of weight. The temperature was 37.5°C. Abdominal examination was negative for hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, abdominal tenderness, or rebounding pain. There were no signs of lymphadenopathy. A clinical diagnosis of acute gastritis was made, and the patient was given proton pump inhibitor and discharged.
Two days later, the pain started to radiate toward the back, and the patient started to suffer from severe thoracic back pain. Four days later, the pain started to radiate toward both lower limbs with the subtle beginning of the weakness of the lower limbs and progressed within a few hours later to inability to walk, with intact neurological function of the upper extremities.
He denied any history of trauma, recent history of viral illness, or illicit drug use. On neurological examination, the patient was found to have bilateral numbness and motor impairment in the lower limbs with muscle strength of 2/5. Hyperactive patellar and Achilles reflexes were observed. Pain and light touch sensation were objectively normal; there was no bowel or urinary incontinence. The straight leg raise test was negative bilaterally.
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a space-occupying lesion in the spinal canal at the T6/T7 level without detection of any lesions elsewhere [Figure 1]. Because of suspected metastasized tumor, further investigations were undertaken. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck, thoracic, abdomen, and pelvis were performed and did not reveal any masses, enlarged visceral organs, or lymph nodes. A bone marrow biopsy presented no marrow involvement.
|Figure 1: (a) Magnetic resonance imaging T2. (b) Magnetic resonance imaging T1. (c) Magnetic resonance imaging T1 with contrast|
Click here to view
In view of the rapid progression of the neurological deficit, the patient emergently underwent a neurosurgical decompression through partial laminectomy with total resection of the extradural mass.
The pathohistological examination of the biopsy revealed diffuse malignant infiltration of large atypical lymphoid cells, large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and coarse chromatin.
Numerous mitotic cells were also present [Figure 2]a. Immune stains were positive for CD20 and leukocyte common antigen [Figure 2]b and negative for CD3 [Figure 2]c and CD30 [Figure 2]d. These findings are consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After the diagnosis was made, the patient underwent chemotherapy.
|Figure 2: (a) Pathohistological examination of the biopsy revealed diffuse malignant infiltration of large atypical lymphoid cells, large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and coarse chromatin. Numerous mitotic cells were also present. (b) Immune stains were positive for CD20 and leukocyte common antigen. (c) Immune stains were negative for CD3. (d) Immune stains were negative for CD30|
Click here to view
Day after day, the patient gradually regained the strength in all muscle groups and was able to walk 1 month after surgery. Furthermore, the patient has been followed up for over 2 years without any signs of recurrence both clinically and radiographically [Figure 3].
|Figure 3: Magnetic resonance imaging showing no tumor or any signs of recurrence after 2 years|
Click here to view
| Discussion|| |
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) usually presents with a fast-growing and symptomatic mass, usually located in the neck, chest, or abdomen. However, it may present as a mass lesion anywhere in the body, including the spinal canal. Lymphoma in the epidural space of the spine is very rare and clinically presents as back pain of the thoracic spine, followed by neurologic deterioration. In addition, NHL presenting for the first time as spinal cord compression is rare and occurs in between 1% and 5% of cases.
The most prominent notification in our case is how the patient's initial presentation of epigastric pain for 2 days; then, the pain started to radiate toward the back, and finally, the symptoms and signs of the spinal cord appeared. Neurological deterioration usually occurs over several days or weeks. In our case, it progressed very rapidly within very few hours. Therefore, the surgical intervention has been done as an emergency. Interestingly, abdominal pain could be more frequent as thought an initial presentation of spinal epidural mass lesions such as a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma or a spinal epidural abscess.
It indeed does not initially come one's mind to consider NHL in the differential diagnosis of a patient with acute epigastric pain that converts later to a thoracic back pain; however, in the context of an appropriate constellation of sudden onset and localized thoracic back pain in an elderly patient, which significantly increases despite the treatment with analgesics, mass lesion warrants careful consideration as an etiologic entity and further investigation is needed to confirm or rule out any suspected tumor mass. If a mass is present, especially in the epidural space, CT-guided biopsy is needed to determine the underlying etiology.
The treatment for spinal cord compression associated with NHL lacks definitive evidence but includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, corticosteroid, and surgery. One approach proposed immediate surgery for patients presenting with profound neurology cord compression symptoms. Chemo- and radiotherapy should be started after surgery unless the patients were not eligible for such additional therapy modality due to poor condition. For those with mild-to-moderate cord compression symptoms, an initial conservative trial of chemoradiotherapy may be initiated. If symptoms deteriorated or failed to improve within 2 weeks of initiating conservative treatment, surgery is definitely indicated.
A study conducted by Chang et al. reported complete recovery of neurologic symptoms in all patients who underwent decompressive surgery compared with 20% of those in the nonsurgical group. Furthermore, they noted a trend for improved median survival in the surgical group.
| Conclusion|| |
In this case, the patient presented complaining of epigastric pain. This pain radiated later to the back, and after a few days, the patient started to have bilateral weakness of the lower extremities. Therefore, the decompressive intervention must have been done as an emergency. According to the symptoms in our case report, maybe, we should keep in mind that the epigastric pain associates sometimes with the epidural spinal masses at the thoracic spine. Physicians should include NHL in the differential diagnosis of a newly diagnosed epidural spinal tumor to expedite diagnosis before the development of neurological deterioration. An early diagnosis, in the time when chemoradiation could be sufficient, could save the surgical intervention.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient has given his consent for his images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patient understands that name and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References|| |
Campo E, Swerdlow SH, Harris NL, Pileri S, Stein H, Jaffe ES. The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and beyond: Evolving concepts and practical applications. Blood 2011;117:5019-32.
Miller DC, Hochberg FH, Harris NL, Gruber ML, Louis DN, Cohen H. Pathology with clinical correlations of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Massachusetts general hospital experience 1958-1989. Cancer 1994;74:1383-97.
Fakhouri F, Abed A, Ghajar A. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: A case report and review of the literature. J Arab Board Health Specialization 2014;15:48-52.
Fakhouri F, Ghazal A, Alnaeb H, Hezan R, Araj J. Spinal-epidural Abscess Presenting as an Acute Abdomen in a Child: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Asian J Neurosurg 2018;13:1247-9.
] [Full text]
Eeles RA, O'Brien P, Horwich A, Brada M. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with extradural spinal cord compression: Functional outcome and survival. Br J Cancer 1991;63:126-9.
Chang CM, Chen HC, Yang Y, Wang RC, Hwang WL, Teng CL. Surgical decompression improves recovery from neurological deficit and may provide a survival benefit in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-associated spinal cord compression: A case-series study. World J Surg Oncol 2013;11:90.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]

domain: medical


text:
This morning we rode up a dry-wash not far from home. It's an interesting area, old corrals and several old mines. We've checked out one of the mines on a previous visit, it's flooded and impassable. On this trip we parked in a different spot since there were cattle near the gate, we decided not to drive through and chance letting them out. After looking around a bit, we headed back to the Jeep and happened to glance over at a nearby hillside. We noticed a couple of more mine adits that we hadn't seen on previous visits. We weren't prepared today to check them out, but we'll return in the near future prepared with hiking boots (snakes are probably waking up since the temperatures have been so high) and flashlights. This particular area was known for gold mining, with some fairly rich strikes being claimed in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Not to worry, if we strike it rich, we'll post it in our Journal...one last time.
We noticed this mine and tailings on a hillside as
we were leaving
This bunker was once used to store the
The explosives bunker built into the hillside