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IRI@AGU: Climate Information for Food Systems
Sourcing seeds. Planting at the right time. Using fertilizer. Harvesting crops. Storing food. Shipping food. Setting prices. There are a multitude of decisions made in the systems that bring food to people around the world, and many of these decisions can be better informed by climate information. With the goal of improving the security and stability of our food systems, IRI scientists are studying how much climate plays a role in the global food supply, identifying food system vulnerabilities in specific areas, using new kinds of climate information in agricultural modeling, and more. More below on the work IRI is presenting in this realm at this month’s AGU meeting.
Weston Anderson – Climate Variability and Global Agriculture Markets
One of your findings is that 18% of global maize production variability comes from climate variability. Can you explain what this means?
There are many things that can affect crop yields: temperature, precipitation, pests, disease, management, etc. Estimating the relative importance of each of these factors can be difficult. Our analysis looks at crop yields from 1980-2010 and calculates that in that time ENSO accounted for a little under 1/5 of global maize production variability. To provide some context, other researchers estimated that all weather (not just that related to ENSO) accounted for 30-40% of global crop yield variability, and that the rest was due to factors such as pests, disease and management.
Why is a global picture of how climate variability affects crops relevant? Isn’t it important what might be happening in a particular region, especially in terms of decisions that can be made?
Our food production system is global. More than ever before, people — including those living below the poverty line — rely on some amount of imported food to meet their nutritional needs. To ensure that people have adequate access to sufficient food, countries care about what is happening to global grain markets. These global markets are particularly reactive if crops fail across multiple regions in the same year. Our analysis suggests that ENSO may be one of the few things (aside from random chance) that can force such synchronous global crop yield anomalies.
Colin Kelley – Identifying Agriculture and Climate Vulnerabilities
You mention that you’ll talk about countries from IRI’s ACToday project. Can you explain how climate variability and agriculture vulnerability are related, using one of the ACToday countries to illustrate?
Improving rainfall forecasts on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales is crucial for many vulnerable regions and nations, including Bangladesh. Rainfall prediction at the seasonal scale can be quite challenging in Bangladesh, for a number of reasons, including its climatic and topographic diversity. Its tropical monsoon climate receives large amounts of rainfall (~80% of its annual total) from late May through early October, with very large year-to-year variability. The topography includes a large and irregular deltaic plain, high elevations, and a relatively dry zone.
During the monsoon season dramatic flood events in coastal and low-lying areas occur regularly. Bangladesh is quite vulnerable to tropical cyclones, tornadoes and flood tides, and losses of life and property often result.
The country is densely populated and many farmers reside on and cultivate land that is regularly exposed to extreme weather events. The majority of people are employed by agriculture, which accounts for roughly 70% of the total land area.
Groundwater used for drinking water and irrigation is often contaminated, resulting in the spread of water-borne disease. Water tables have fallen in some regions due to overuse of groundwater. Bangladesh also faces increasing saltwater intrusion along the coast, soil erosion and degradation, widespread insecticide use and deforestation.
These are the vulnerabilities we’re addressing in ACToday in Bangladesh. We recently held our first course as part of a new academy on climate services, working with participants from different sectors to work through the decision-making process. An example is determining what crops to plant in a given location, or when best to plant them, informed by improved weather, subseasonal and seasonal climate information and forecasts. Tailored forecasts and climate services can help manage and reduce risk. Due to the acute vulnerability present, improved forecasting of monsoonal seasonal rainfall, as well as advanced warning of extreme events within the monsoon season, continue to be a high priority for Bangladesh.
Eunjin Han – Using Climate Knowledge for Agriculture Decisions
Han presents on Wednesday morning at 9:30 in Walter E Washington Convention Center – Salon B. She is also a co-author on several more activities. Full details in the IRI@AGU schedule and in the AGU program.
As a scientist who works at the intersection of climate and agriculture, what do you think of the new potential for forecasting at the subseasonal timescale?
As IRI has been issuing seasonal climate forecast every month, we have been trying to translate seasonal forecast information to agronomic terms for better decision supports – for example, strategies for planting, fertilizer, insurance, etc. With recent advances and efforts for “seamless forecasting” from weather forecasts to seasonal climate forecasts, I am excited to see the added value of subseasonal forecasts for agricultural decision making. Crop growth can be seriously affected by weather events certain growth stages and thus reliable information on the subseasonal timescale would definitely help agricultural decision making.
What is one key takeaway from one of the case studies you’re presenting?
Adopting a seasonal or susbseasonal forecast to a crop simulation model can improve crop yield prediction and help finding suitable planting windows, but uncertainties in the forecasts should be handled with care.


|Publication number||US5141403 A|
|Application number||US 07/623,464|
|Publication date||Aug 25, 1992|
|Filing date||Dec 7, 1990|
|Priority date||Dec 7, 1990|
|Also published as||CA2096846A1, CA2096846C, EP0568567A1, EP0568567A4, US5284180, WO1992010679A1|
|Publication number||07623464, 623464, US 5141403 A, US 5141403A, US-A-5141403, US5141403 A, US5141403A|
|Inventors||Fangjiang Guo, Roger A. Pellerin, David C. Ludington, Daniel J. Aneshansley|
|Original Assignee||Cornell Research Foundation, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (23), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates to an improved apparatus and method for controlling vacuum levels in machine milking and other systems subject to air leakage.
A milking system is one of the most important components on a dairy farm. It is used more hours per year than any other type of equipment on the farm. A key component of a milking system is the vacuum pump which is used to remove air from the milking system pipelines to create a partial vacuum.
The vacuum levels normally used for milking range from 13 to 15 in-Hg. Conventional systems use an oversized vacuum pump for vacuum stability when a milking unit falls off. In such a case, air flow changes by 20 to 35 cfm.
In a conventional system, the milking vacuum level is maintained by a vacuum controller which regulates the desired vacuum level by admitting external air as necessary when the vacuum reaches the predetermined setting. In the conventional system, the vacuum controller is sized to admit full vacuum pump capacity at the system's operating vacuum level. Vacuum fluctuations caused by changes in air usage, teat cup attachment, liner slip and unit fall-off, are compensated by the vacuum controller. The sensitivity of the controller should be such that there will be not more than about±0.5 in-Hg vacuum fluctuation in a properly sized and maintained milking system, as measured in the main vacuum supply line.
Considerable energy is wasted by the vacuum pump/motor on dairy farms. The output capacity (cfm) of the vacuum pump always exceeds the capacity needed to milk cows and wash pipelines. Vacuum pumps run at full speed and load regardless of actual need for air.
In the conventional system, the vacuum level is maintained at +/-0.5 in-Hg by admitting or restricting air flow through a controller/regulator system. This traditional method of maintaining a constant vacuum at varying air flows is energy inefficient.
There is a need to provide an improved vacuum milking system which operates more efficiently than the conventional fixed pump speed system.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved vacuum milking system wherein the energy requirement for maintaining the required vacuum level is markedly reduced over conventional vacuum pump milking systems.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a two-level vacuum system and process wherein the low-side vacuum can be maintained at a selected level with a specified tolerance or variance by feedback adjustment of the speed of the high-side vacuum pump motor.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a dual-vacuum controller for monitoring the vacuum in the low-vacuum end (pipeline) of a system subject to occasional leakage and to stabilize the vacuum in that low-vacuum end during periods of vacuum disturbances by connecting the low-vacuum end to a high-vacuum reserve through a regulator.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for maintaining with minimum variance the stability of a specified low vacuum.
The invention relates to a low-energy-consuming two-level vacuum system, comprising a combination of a high-vacuum reserve, a low-vacuum end (low-vacuum pipelines), a dual vacuum controller to monitor the vacuum in the low-vacuum end and control the flow of air from the low-vacuum end to the high-vacuum reserve, and a vacuum pump operated under adjustable speed drive control (ASD) responsive to the vacuum changes in the high vacuum reserve.
The terms low-vacuum end and low-vacuum pipelines are used interchangeably to designate that part of the dual-vacuum system which is subject to air leakage and located downstream of the high-vacuum reserve and the dual-vacuum controller. In the vacuum milking system shown in FIG. 1 the low-vacuum end 3 incorporates all of the low-vacuum pipelines including those indicated as milking line 2. It is understood that the vacuum in the high-vacuum reserve and the low-vacuum pipelines can be equal during periods when there is a severe disturbance in the low-vacuum pipelines. Under stable conditions, the high vacuum reserve is maintained at a higher vacuum than the low-vacuum pipelines. In one form, the present invention includes a low-energy consuming vacuum milking system which maintains the required vacuum level in the presence of air leakage in the low-vacuum end of a two-level vacuum system having. The system incorporate a high-vacuum reserve connected to a low-vacuum pipeline which is part of the low-vacuum end. Such a system preferably includes the following elements:
a. a high-vacuum reserve;
b. a low-vacuum pipeline subject to air leakage;
c. a first controller means comprising:
(1) a connector having a first outlet connected to the high-vacuum reserve, a second outlet connected to said low-vacuum pipeline, an means between the first and second outlets, and a value for the orifice to control air flow therebetween;
(2) a vacuum sensor chamber including a sensor responsive to vacuum in the low-vacuum pipeline to adjust the valve for orifice; and
(3) a regulator for the sensor chamber to provide a reference vacuum whereby substantially constant vacuum is maintained in the low-vacuum pipeline;
d. a vacuum pump connected to the high-vacuum reserve for maintaining a constant high-vacuum;
e. an adjustable speed drive motor connected to the vacuum pump; and
f. a second controller responsive to vacuum changes in the high-vacuum reserve due to variations in the flow of air from the low-vacuum pipeline to control the speed of the drive motor in accordance with changes in the high vacuum whereby the vacuum in the system is maintained with optimum energy conservation.
More generally the invention relates to a dual-vacuum controller adapted to monitor a low-vacuum end (pipeline) of a system subject to occasional leakage and to stabilize the vacuum in the low-vacuum end during periods of vacuum disturbances by regulating the amount of air passing from the low-vacuum end via a high-vacuum reserve to a vacuum pump In accordance with the present invention, such a controller incorporates the following:
a. a connector having a first outlet connected to a high-vacuum reserve, a second outlet connected to a low-vacuum end, orifice means between a first and second outlets and valve for the orifice to control air flow therebetween;
b. a vacuum sensor chamber including means responsive to vacuum in the low-vacuum end to adjust the valve for the orifice;
c. a regulator for the sensor chamber to provide a reference vacuum whereby substantially constant vacuum is maintained in the low-vacuum end. The invention also is directed to a method for maintaining the stability of a specified vacuum with minimum variance in the low-vacuum end of a vacuum milking system having a low-vacuum pipeline and a high-vacuum reserve The method includes the following steps:
a. providing a high-vacuum reserve;
b. connecting a low-vacuum pipeline subject to leakage through a flow controller to the high-vacuum reserve;
c. providing a reference vacuum in the controller sensing variations in the low-vacuum end;
d. varying flow from the low-vacuum pipeline to the high-vacuum reserve through the controller to maintain the vacuum in the low-vacuum pipeline within specified tolerance;
e. sensing variations in the high-vacuum reserve; and
f. variably driving a vacuum pump connected to the high-vacuum reserve in accordance with sensed variations to maintain the high-vacuum, the vacuum pump being driven only as required to maintain the desired vacuum in the milking systems whereby air supplied to the pump is substantially supplied from the low-vacuum pipeline rather than from external air and energy is saved.
The foregoing, and additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art from a consideration of the following detailed description of the invention, taken with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-level vacuum milking system operated with automatic speed drive vacuum pump and having a dual-vacuum controller positioned between a high-vacuum reserve and a low-vacuum pipeline of a vacuum milking system subject to air leakage.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-vacuum controller for sensing vacuum disturbances in the low-vacuum pipelines of the milking system and for adjusting the amount of air passing from the low-vacuum pipelines through the reserve tank to the vacuum pump.
FIGS. 3A and 3B respectively plot vacuum variation (inch Hg) and standard deviations (inch Hg) comparing the ASD/dual-vacuum system with the conventional system for the events unit-on, normal, unit-off and milk pump on.
FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively plot electrical demand (kW) and energy usage (kWh) during the milking of two groups of five cows and the intermediate time period between groups and compares the ASD/dual-vacuum system with the conventional vacuum system.
FIG. 5 is a plot of the electrical demand (kW) versus time in minutes for the dual-vacuum/adjustable speed drive (ASD) system versus the conventional vacuum system.
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a vacuum system utilizing a dual-vacuum controller positioned between high-vacuum reserve and the low-vacuum end (milking line) wherein the vacuum pump is fixed speed vacuum pump/motor.
Vacuum pumps are driven at constant speed (constant delivery) during milking and pipeline washing. The single phase 240 volts AC induction motor, the most commonly used motor for vacuum pumps, is a "constant speed" motor with little variation from no load to full load. To compensate for variations in air usage, a conventional milking system utilizes the air-inlet bypass method. Air is bled into the system to make up the difference between the capacity of the vacuum pump and the air actually used by the milking systems. This wastes considerable energy.
In accordance with the present invention, a dual-vacuum system incorporates an adjustable speed drive (ASD) vacuum pump system, a high-vacuum reserve and a first controller means positioned between the high-vacuum reserve and the low-vacuum end of the system, illustrated at 5 in FIG. 1 and typically including the milking lines in a milking system.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a dual-vacuum system with an adjustable speed drive controller 24, a high-vacuum reserve 20, and a first vacuum controller means 14. Vacuum controller 14 is shown in enlarged schematic diagram in FIG. 2.
The adjustable speed drive controller 24 is connected to a vacuum pump-motor 26 which drives a vacuum pump 28, maintain a desired vacuum in the high-vacuum reserve tank 20. A pressure transducer 21 senses the pressure in the high-vacuum reserve 20 via connector 23 and produces an electrical signal which is interpreted by a computer 22 or microprocessor which in turn sends a signal to the adjustable speed drive controller 24. The speed of the motor 26 and vacuum pump 28 are controlled responsive to the signal.
A dual-vacuum controller 14 is preferably positioned between the high-vacuum reserve tank 20 and the low-vacuum end (low-vacuum pipeline) 3. The low-vacuum end pipeline system 3, which comprises milking pipeline 2, teat cup assembly 5, claw 6, weight jar or milk meter 7, receiver 9, and sanitary trap 10, is at a lower-vacuum than the high-vacuum reserve 20. A vacuum feedback line 15 connects the low-vacuum end pipeline system 3 with the feedback vacuum inlet 40 of controller 14. An aspirator line 18 is connected between the controller 14 at port 17 and the high-vacuum reserve tank at vacuum port 19. The purpose of the vacuum controller 14 is to control air flow from the low-vacuum side 3 to the high-vacuum reserve 20 thereby maintaining a stable low-vacuum level throughout the milking system. The high-vacuum distribution tank 20 is a high-vacuum reservoir maintained at a vacuum higher than low-vacuum side. Vacuum in pipeline 3 is maintained at the proper vacuum for milking namely, on in the order of 13-15 in-Hg. A preferred range for the reserve vacuum is from about 1-4 in-Hg higher than the low vacuum side. Of course this range will depend largely on the system parameters, including the volume of the high-vacuum reserve.
A preferred dual-vacuum controller 14 for the adjustable speed drive/two-level vacuum milking system is a diaphragm-driven cone controller shown in expanded view in FIG. 2. This controller operates to monitor the vacuum in the low-vacuum end 3 subject to occasional leakage and to stabilize the vacuum in the low-vacuum end 3 during periods of vacuum disturbances in the low-vacuum end by regulating the amount of air passing from the low-vacuum end via the high-vacuum reserve to a vacuum pump. The controller 12 includes a connector 30 having a first outlet 48 connected to the high-vacuum reserve 2 and a second outlet 42 connected to the low-vacuum pipeline system 3. An orifice 46 is located between the first and second outlets 48 and 42, respectively, and a valve 44 is movably located in the orifice 46 to control air flow between the two outlets.
The vacuum controller includes a mechanism responsive to the vacuum level in the low-vacuum pipeline to adjust the valve in the orifice 46. This mechanism preferably includes a vacuum controller housing 32 connected to connector 30 via a gasket 41. The interior of housing 32 communicates with the interior of connector 30 through opening 54. One end of a shaft 38 is attached to a movable diaphragm and diaphragm plate 34 within housing 32, and the shaft extends through opening 54 into connector 30. The opposite end of shaft 38 carries a cone, with the shaft and cone acting as a valve. The cone is movable within orifice 46 by diaphragm 34 to restrict or enlarge air flow from the low-vacuum end 3 via outlet 42 through orifice 46 and outlet 48 connected to the high-vacuum reserve 20.
The moveable diaphragm and diaphragm plate 34 define within controller housing 32 a reference chamber 33 and sensor chamber 36. A vacuum reference regulator 50, for maintaining a constant vacuum inside the reference chamber 33, consists of an air permeable housing 51, small cone 55, an air inlet orifice 56 which adjusts the amount of air allowed to pass into chamber 33, a spring 58 attached to cone 54, and an adjustable screw 60 to set the cone position within the orifice 56 thus defining a specified reference vacuum within chamber 33. Housing 51 of regulator 50 is not sealed and admits sufficient air as needed in orifice 56. In operation air flow from the low-vacuum side 3 to the high-vacuum reservoir 20 is regulated by the diaphragm-driven-cone controller shown in FIG. 2. The response of the controller is the key to maintaining vacuum level stability. This unit can affect not only how well vacuum levels will be controlled but also the efficiency of the whole system. The quality of the controlled vacuum level depends on the sensitivity of this unit. Vacuum level will be unstable if the sensitivity of the controller is too high. On the other hand, it will take too long to recover the desired vacuum levels if the sensitivity is too low. The efficiency of the vacuum controlling system can be lowered if the reserve high-vacuum cannot be released completely when vacuum disturbances occur in the low-vacuum pipelines. This unit should have, therefore, adequate sensitivity to quickly respond to the changes in low level vacuum, and it should release all or almost all of the reserved high-vacuum when it is required to do so.
By "high-vacuum reserve" is meant an energy storage system. It is a volume which is at a vacuum level higher than the vacuum level being controlled and into which air can be moved from the low-vacuum volume for the purpose of controlling the low vacuum. The volume of the high-vacuum reserve and the pressure differential between the controlled vacuum level and that of the high-vacuum reserve determines the energy stored. The needed energy is a function of the transient characteristics of air movement into the low vacuum volume (disturbance), the allowable vacuum variation in the controlled vacuum volume and the characteristics of the ASD drive.
The vacuum reference regulator 50 which is used to maintain a `constant` vacuum inside the reference chamber 33 is not hermetically sealed. Air seepage through the structure 51 is sufficient to satisfy the amount of air required to pass through the cone valve opening at orifice 56. The structure 51 supports the spring 58, the adjustment screw 60 and cone 55 and extends over the opening at orifice 56. The reference vacuum is developed by drawing ambient air through the inlet orifice 56 into the reference chamber 33 and to the high-vacuum reserve 20 via aspirator line 18. The desired reference vacuum level is obtained by adjusting the spring tension through the adjustable screw 60. Under normal conditions, the small cone 54 is balanced by the spring force and vacuum force acting on it. With any disturbance in vacuum level, the cone 54 will automatically move up or down to let more or less air into the reference chamber, and hence to maintain the vacuum level to be `constant`. Air drawn into this unit is less than about 1.0 CFM.
The diaphragm and diaphragm-plate 34 serve as both a comparator and an actuator. The diaphragm compares the low-vacuum level inside the sensor chamber 36 with the desired reference vacuum level inside the reference chamber 33. If there is a difference between these two vacuum levels, the diaphragm-plate will convert this vacuum difference into a force which moves the valve 421 up and down within orifice 46 to control the air flow from low-vacuum side 3 of FIG. 1 to high-vacuum reservoir 20 of FIG. 1 to thereby maintain the desired low-vacuum levels.
An advantageous variant of the above described system is shown schematically in FIG. 6. This system uses the dual-vacuum controller 14 substantially as shown in FIG. 2 in combination with the high vacuum reserve 20 but substitutes a fixed speed pump-motor 75 in place of the adjustable speed drive motor-pump. In the modified system a high vacuum release valve 70 to maintain high-vacuum level is positioned between the vacuum pump 28 and the high-vacuum reserve 20. The vacuum release valve 70 function similarly to any conventional vacuum controller which regulates the desired vacuum level by admitting external air as necessary when the vacuum reaches the predetermined setting. The vacuum release valve is sized to admit full vacuum pump capacity at the system operating vacuum level. Energy savings with this modified system would be somewhat less than with the ASD/dual-vacuum system, when the pump motor is down-sized. Test results show that the low-vacuum line can be stabilized within preferred variances in contrast to results shown in Example 1 for the conventional system where the response time to air flow disturbances was not fast enough to maintain desired vacuum levels.
The following Examples generally illustrate the invention, but should not be taken as a limitation thereof. One skilled in the art will recognize other useful applications in addition to the milking system uses described herein.
A model 75 (single phase, 240 V ac input) adjustable speed drive (ASD) provided by Glenscott Motor Controls, Rock Island, Ill. was coupled to a 5 hp three phase motor and essential auxiliary equipment provided by De Laval, Kansas City, Mo. The ASD controller and vacuum pump system were tested in the laboratory using a typical milking system. Step changes (plus and minus) in air flow to the system were used to determine the ability of the control system to maintain stability.
Tests of this system showed that the response time for this system to an air flow disturbance greater than 10 cfm was not fast enough to maintain vacuum level within acceptable limits. For a "pseudo" unit fall-off, vacuum variation with the ASD system was twice as large as with conventional controllers.
The rate of change of the motor/pump speed was adjustable with a variable resistor The variable resistor was set to achieve the maximum acceleration under load of 200 rpm/sec. The system response time could not be shortened regardless of the type of feed-back control.
A double five herringbone low line research milking parlor, located at the Cornell Teaching and Research Center, was modified to allow measurement of vacuum stability and energy used for both systems. Two systems were compared; the existing conventional system and the ASD/dual-vacuum system of the present invention. Each side of the parlor was independently operated by a 5 hp vacuum pump. Only one side of the double five parlor (5 units) was converted to accommodate both vacuum systems.
Both vacuum system configurations were evaluated during milking. The configurations evaluated were:
A traditional milking vacuum system, that is the motor operated at rated speed and a vacuum controller to maintain the set vacuum level.
The ASD/dual-vacuum system as depicted in FIG. 1 with high-vacuum reserve and dual-vacuum controller was operated at three high-vacuum levels, 16, 17 and 18 in-Hg. The milking vacuum (low-vacuum) level was maintained at 15 in-Hg for all tests.
Measurements were recorded for the following parameters:
Demand (kW) and power consumed (kWh) of vacuum pump-motor; control voltage to ASD controller; vacuum levels in the vacuum distribution tank and mid-location of the milk washing line; milk production using milk meters; and milking time.
This parlor configuration resulted in the wash line 4 as the location for monitoring the overall vacuum level during milking. Power used by the pump-motor was measured with a standard electric Wh meter. The kW demand was recorded by a power survey meter on a continuous chart. The two vacuum levels, input voltage to the ASD motor control and input current to the vacuum pump-motor were recorded on a Hewlett Packard (Model 3694) 4 channel tape recorded operating at 15/16 ips. A clamp-on ammeter with a Keithley digital multimeter with a 0 to 2 Vdc output was used to monitor ampere flow to the motor.
A group of ten holstein cows in mid-lactation with an average milk production 34.3 (75.6 lb) per day were used throughout the field test. The same cows were milked once at the mid-day milking with each vacuum pump configuration. Two groups of 5 cows were milked in each test. The udders were washed and allowed two minutes of stimulation before milking. Each cow was identified. The milking units had automatic takeoff and automatic milk meters.
The vacuum levels were recorded at the wash line near the milking unit with responses evaluated under four different events during milking.
Milking units were attached; normal milking; milking units off; and milking transfer pump on or off.
The vacuum fluctuations for the two control systems: conventional and ASD/dual-vacuum (three levels of high-vacuum) were analyzed during the above mentioned milking segments. The vacuum variation and standard deviation are the two parameters that best define vacuum stability. The data for these two parameters and the four events are shown, graphically, in FIGS. 3A and 3B for comparison. Data for the dual-vacuum/ASD system, 16 in-Hg high-vacuum reserve is shown. The greatest milk line vacuum fluctuation occurred when the milking unit was attached and taken off the cows. The 16 in-Hg high-vacuum ASD/dual-vacuum system was much more stable than the conventional system. As shown in FIG. 3A, the vacuum variation (maximum-minimum) for the events (attached, units-off) for the conventional system were 1.6 and 1.3 in-Hg as opposed to the values of less than 0.7 in-Hg for the ASD/dual vacuum/vacuum reserve system. Similarly as seen in FIG. 3B for evaluations units-on and units-off, the standard deviation of vacuum fluctuations for the conventional system was about 0.3 in-Hg as opposed to about 0.1 in-Hg for the ASD/dual vacuum/vacuum reserve system.
The power used by the vacuum pump was measured at the input to the controller. The power measured included the controller and the vacuum pump-motor. The operating time was recorded for the various milking events, such as cow prep, milking, and moving cows in and out. Two groups of five cows each were milked using each vacuum system. The time between each group of cows milked was longer than normal milking system due to documentation delays.
FIG. 4A shows electric demand comparisons between conventional system and ASD/dual-vacuum system, excluding washing operation. It is seen that the average electrical demand (kW) for the ASD/dual-vacuum system is at least 50 percent less than the conventional system. It is noted that ASD/dual-vacuum system operating at 16 in-Hg high vacuum had the lowest power requirement during milking and between milkings.
A plot of the electrical demand (kW) versus time in minutes for the dual-vacuum/adjustable speed drive system (ASD) versus the conventional system is shown in FIG. 6. In the conventional system the electrical demand remains steady at about 5 kW during the milking cycle whereas the demand for the ASD system increases from about 2 to 3 kW when units go on and go off and steadies out at 2 kW during milking.
FIG. 4B shows the energy used (kWh) by each `system` during milking and between milkings. Energy plotted was calculated based on the average demand (kW) for each period times the length of the period. For comparison a `standard` milking time of 12 minutes and a 6 minute period between the first and second groups was used. The graph shows the energy used by the ASD/dual-vacuum system increasing as the vacuum level in the high-vacuum reserve increased. This is to be expected because the pressure differential across the pump is increased. The average energy consumed during milking (5 cows milked/group) by the ASD/dual vacuum system was reduced 58 percent as compared to the conventional vacuum system.
Based on the above experiment, a milking time of 2.45 hours with two milking per day, the 5 hp De Laval vacuum pump operating at constant rated speed with a conventional vacuum controller produced a demand of 4.89 kW. This is a time weighted average for actual milking (12 min) and for between group of cows (6 min). The same vacuum pump controlled by the ASD/dual-vacuum system operating at a high-vacuum of 16 in-Hg required 1.93 kW, (weighted average). Using these values (4.89 and 1.93 kW), the energy savings would be about 60 percent.
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|US20090064936 *||Aug 6, 2008||Mar 12, 2009||Torbjorn Petterson||Method and arrangement for controlling the milking by a milking machine|
|US20100121264 *||Nov 6, 2009||May 13, 2010||Simplisse, Inc.||Liner for use with a breast pump|
|US20100121265 *||Nov 6, 2009||May 13, 2010||Simplisse, Inc.||Breast pump|
|US20100121266 *||Nov 6, 2009||May 13, 2010||Simplisse, Inc.||Breast cup assembly for a breast pump|
|EP1312256A3 *||Nov 18, 2002||Oct 29, 2003||WestfaliaSurge GmbH||Method and device for improving milking vacuum near a teat of an animal to be milked|
|WO1996041244A1 *||Jun 7, 1996||Dec 19, 1996||The Curators Of The University Of Missouri||Pressure/vacuum regulator|
|WO1998034472A1 *||Feb 10, 1998||Aug 13, 1998||Smartenergy Services, Inc.||Vacuum controller and method of controlling vacuum in a dairy milking systems|
|WO1998046068A1 *||Mar 18, 1998||Oct 22, 1998||Cornell Research Foundation, Inc.||Vacuum level control system using variable frequency drive|
|U.S. Classification||417/45, 119/14.25, 119/14.44|
|International Classification||A01J5/04, F04B49/06, A01J5/00|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10T137/7762, Y10S137/907, A01J5/048|
|Dec 7, 1990||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: CORNELL RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:GUO, FANGJIANG;PELLERIN, ROGER A.;LUDINGTON, DAVID C.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005534/0118
Effective date: 19901207
|Jan 29, 1996||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 21, 2000||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Aug 27, 2000||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Oct 31, 2000||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20000825


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Meet this season's must-have colours
Spring is fast approaching, and with it comes the opportunity to rejuvenate not just yourself, but your home's palette too. That's why we're dedicating this edition of Linen Club to introducing you to the new season's colours, and styles that will bring freshness into your home.
This season’s palette, or Vanilla Blush as we like to call it at Linen Club, is full of colours that reflect the outdoors at this time of year. Think of soft greens; delicate creams paired with both pastel and deeper pinks, plus sky and azure blues that command your attention. In many ways, these colours are timeless, giving them a trans-seasonal feel that is welcomed anywhere in the home. So, whether you’re looking to refresh your bedspread, add a couple of cushions to the couch or purchase a new set of towels, consider these the colours to look for.
BLUE SKY’S AHEAD
Blue as a colour exudes a feeling of relaxation, making it a popular choice in bedrooms around the world. But blue isn't just popular for its soothing qualities; it's also a great base colour that you can build seasonal accents into. So if you're looking for a starting base to work with, look no further than Soren's Sally Quilt Cover Set, the darker blues and greens complement everything while the floral print gives your room a fresh seasonal feel. Alternatively, if you're after a lighter look - the Soren Summer Quilt Cover uses bright splashes of pink, blue, green and orange to reflect those warm spring days.
IT'S IN THE ACCESSORIES
If you're after a touch of seasonal luxury, then look no further than Soren's Boston Herringbone Throw. Not only is it a practical way to keep warm, it's available in three colours and the Herringbone is a timeless texture you can safely drape across any fabric. If you want something equally timeless but a little warmer, these Elysian Cortina Wool Blend Throws are great for a house that is a little on the chilly side.
That brings another edition of Linen Club to an end, however as always we'll be back soon with more expert tips and tricks. In the meantime, to update your home with all the new season looks head to harrisscarfe.com.au

domain: design


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A name on the name of the Star Wars character Chewbacca, this name is ideal for a furry, vocal dog with a playful nature.
A play on the name of the famous American author Mark Twain, this name is a smart option for a dog who enjoys communicating through barking.
A play on the name of renowned actor Bradley Cooper, this name is an entertaining option for a puppy with a confident and outgoing disposition.
Inspired by the well-known Star Wars figure noted for his unique growling and grunting vocalisations. It is an excellent choice for a furry, talkative baby.
This is an amusing name that plays on the idea of a formal, royal title. It's a sweet and charming name for a puppy who enjoys cuddling.
This name is derived from the concept of a dog who makes puddles of water after drinking or playing in water. It's a fun dog for a dog who enjoys being in the water.
This is a wonderful name for a dog with a distinct personality and a playful spirit. It's a lighthearted and fun moniker that will make you grin.
This name is derived from the concept of a dog with curly or ruffled hair. It's a fun and lighthearted name for a puppy with lots of energy and charm.
This name refers to the concept of a royal dog. It's a silly and enjoyable option for a female puppy who enjoys attention and being spoiled.
A lighthearted reference to the famous artist Snoop Dogg, this name is ideal for a dog with a casual and laid-back personality.

domain: pet


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It can carry a nuclear warhead weighing one tonne
Preparations are under way for the launch of India's intermediate range ballistic missile, Agni-II, from Wheeler Island, off Dhamra village on the Orissa coast, on Monday. The Strategic Forces Command of the Army, which handles nuclear weapons-delivery systems, will conduct the launch. Agni-II is already under production and the Army has deployed it. The two-stage missile can carry a nuclear warhead weighing one tonne. The missile has been designed and developed by the Advanced Systems Laboratory at Hyderabad, an important missile complex, coming under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
Asked whether there are any changes in Agni-II's configuration for this flight, DRDO officials said, “We cannot change anything because it is a proven configuration.”
It is a two-stage missile, with both the stages powered by solid propellants; it can be transported on rail tracks; it is 20 metres long, weighs 17 tonnes and can target places 2,500 km away.
The DRDO is aiming to launch its most powerful missile, Agni-V, in December 2011. It will be the maiden launch of the missile which has three stages. All of them use solid propellants as fuel. The missile will carry a nuclear warhead and it can target places more than 5,000 km away.
The DRDO has already successfully tested the engines of the three stages on the ground.

domain: news


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Ace filmmaker Subhash Ghai has praised comedian-actor Kapil Sharma for not hurting or disrespecting legends on his popular TV show "The Kapil... read more
AIB's Tanmay Bhat just can not catch a break. After Lata Mangeshkar's alleged reaction to the comedian's face-swap video that made fun of the... read more
The even gracious nightingale of India, Lata Mangeshkar, was her usual composed self...when a gossip portal called her up to hear her side of the... read more
Producer Vikas Mohan, who was also a well known trade analyst, passed away on Tuesday at a hospital here.
An official from the... read more
Ali Fazal is one talented soul. The actor however recently learned a new skill, to sketch!
The actor was inspired by his co-star, Nana ... read more
All major political parties in Maharashtra are baying for the blood of comedy group All India Bakchod (AIB) co-founder-creator Tanmay Bhat for... read more
Actors Sunny Leone and Arbaaz Khan will be seen together for the first time onscreen in upcoming musical-romance film “Tera Intezaar”.
... read more
Newly-weds Bipasha Basu and Karan Singh Grover are open to working together in a film if both like the script, and haven't decided on any clauses... read more
Humour is one thing, while crassness is a totally different ball game. Continuing his ‘roast’ streak, All India Bakchod’s (AIB) Tanmay Bhat... read more
Actress Vidya Balan says she is a greedy actor and doesn't believe in restricting herself to Hindi film industry.
"I wanted to do a... read more
Ace actor Chiranjeet Chakraborty is all set to essay the role of a detective in Ayan Chakraborti’s upcoming thriller Shororipu (Fab Four Films).... read more
Dill Mill Gayye star Karan Singh Grover mage young girls go crazy over him with his show. And soon after, he transformed his image from the... read more
Twitter, Twitter everywhere!!!
Twitter indeed is a wonderful world where the actors and their fans can connect... read more
The shaadi season is in full swing and brides and brides-to-be is rummaging through sites for inspirations. Well, why not take a look at... read more
Let's all send our good wishes to the music maestro, Anu Malik.
The music composer who has belted out some of the most peppy numbers in... read more
"Udta Punjab" is not banned, says the film's co-producer Anurag Kashyap, following reports that the censor board gave a no-permit for the release... read more
He's definitely the heartthrob of the nation. We might drool over his father Shah Rukh Khan, but it's AbRam we love the most. Isn't it, fans... read more
Singer Arijit Singh, who has been in the news for posting a public apology to Salman Khan on social media, says he has no regrets about the... read more
Gulshan Devaiah is an actor, known for Ram-Leela , Shaitan and Hunterrr and now is set to appear in the film ‘Cabaret’ opposite Richa Chadha... read more

domain: celebrity


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INDIANAPOLIS -- You probably already know that running back Ahmad Bradshaw will miss at least the next few weeks as he tries to figure out the best remedy for his injured neck.
Here’s an update on the rest of the Colts’ injured players:
Safety LaRon Landry will miss his third straight game with a high ankle sprain. Landry made a rare appearance in the locker room during the media session Friday. He said he’s eager to get back on the field with his teammates, but he knows it takes time for high ankle sprains to heal. The Colts believe Landry could be ready for the Oct. 14 game at San Diego.
Defensive lineman Ricky Jean Francois (groin), fullback Stanley Havili (ankle) and linebacker Bjoern Werner (foot) are also out Sunday against the Seattle Seahawks.
Cornerback Vontae Davis (foot), safety Delano Howell (toe) and guard Hugh Thornton (shoulder) are all probable.

domain: sports


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|Product #: ETLC10041_TQ|
Meet the Presidents (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 3|Grade 4|Grade 5|Grade 6
Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT a physical product. After purchase, you will be provided a one time link to download ebooks to your computer. Orders paid by PayPal require up to 8 business hours to verify payment and release electronic media. For immediate downloads, payment with credit card is required.
Students will learn about the election process, fascinating facts about the men who held the office of President of the United States, as well as significant events during their lives and terms. Use this creative resource to support your l
Submit a review

domain: library


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Interview: SARAH CHRISTINE
What got you into music, and if you had not gotten into music what would you be doing today?
I have been seriously making music now for the past 5 years, pursuing full time since May of 2020! It all began on a road trip from MN to CO with my 5 best girlfriends since 4th grade. One of which had a cabin in Breckenridge so, in college, we all met back up and we headed west to explore the mountains together. After hiking one day, we went to a wine bar (that I believe is now a gift shop) and there was a guitar player playing a long set (about 4-5 hours). So, his interims were a bit lengthy where there wasn't any music playing. My best friend had recently discovered I could sing, after discovering a guitar under my dorm bed that I was hiding (I had HUGE stage fright) and somehow, next thing I know, the musician lent me his guitar and asked me to play some tunes. I was scared to death! But, I got on stage and started singing. It was a moment in my life I will never forget - it was exactly then I knew this is what I wanted to do. The whole room went silent and I was asked by the musician to close out the rest of the night (he was 3 hours in - I don't blame him (haha)).
If I had not gotten into music, I'd probably still be at my corporate job. I used to work in recruiting and business development and really enjoyed my time there as well. But, music has my heart. When you know, you know :).
What do you like to do when you are not playing music and how does that influence your creativity?
When I'm not playing music, I'm often traveling, involved in meditations and mindfulness activities (I'm obsessed), hiking, enjoying time with my rescue dog, Masin, and spending time with friends and family. I also LOVE to fly fish here in CO! Nature highly impacts my creativity - I wrote my last few songs that will come out this Spring/Summer in the mountains in Aspen, in a tiny cabin with no cell phone service. It was beautiful. My best friend was a real fox, no joke, I named him Lucky and he's tattoo'd on my arm. Don't believe me? Check out my IG :).
Meditation and mindfulness also really help clear my head and channel feelings, thoughts, and all the things. It's often I find hooks in my head and melodies flowing during these times.
How long has music been your career?
I was in a band called SarahLou in my 20's - we were a duet based out of Minneapolis. When we split up because our other singer moved to Hollywood and our bass player and drummer moved to Chicago, I went solo. I've been solo full time for 2 years now!
Where are you based out of and how did that influence your music?
I'm currently based out of CO - if you've ever experienced the Rocky Mountains, you know exactly how that influences music. It's stunning, it's adventurous, it can be hard. The area pushes you and also gives you profound peace. I've met some amazing, amazing people here and that obviously helps too :). As I always say, IN IT TOGETHER!
Tell me about the best and worst shows you have played.
Man, there are SO many shows I would humbly say were a "best" but, narrowing it to this past year, I'd say my "best show (or most special to me)" was in my hometown (Stillwater, MN - Zephyr Theatre) where I played the song I wrote for my mom during her cancer battle ("The Year: Hang on Mom"). I was in a jam packed theatre and I was able to call my mom up on stage and play that for her live!
Worst show - I played a show where there was a guy hiding under my car after my set when I was unloading. FREAKED ME OUT. Thankfully the bouncer was there to help and I played it cool. But, it was definitely weird!
Tell me about your favorite venue to play at, and do you have any places you want to play that you have not already?
I have absolutely loved every venue I've played at. They all have their different flares and unique vibes. Of course also, incredible staff. It's so fun to explore them all! I honestly don't think I could pick a favorite - they are all special to my soul.
As far as unique places I want to play - can we manifest:
THE TROUBADOUR - LA
RED ROCKS BABY!
GIRLS JUST WANNA WEEKEND - Mexico
I mean, I want to play all the venues - big, small, I'd be honored! But those are dreaming big :).
If you could play any show with any lineup, who would be on the ticket?
I would LOVE to open for Brandi Carlile, omg would that be a freakin dream.
What is some advice that you would give to someone who is just getting into music?
It's a marathon - enjoy every win and every mistake! Humbly approach each day with gratitude that you have a gift that you get to uniquely share with the world. It's not about getting famous, or getting "rich" - it's about leaving the world in a better place because music is medicine, and you might just have a song that touches someone and changes their life. That moment might just change yours too. Also - GO FOR IT. Give it all you have - we were born dying, why wait until a doctor's orders to jump all in. You can do it!
If you could go back in time and give yourself advice, what would it be?
Patience, patience, patience.
Collaborate all you can.
Learn from everyone.
Be gracious with your stage time - who can you call up and give you mic over for a moment - it could change their life and you could spark their fire for singing as a career too!
Whether it's 1 person in the audience or 1000, that person/people showed up for you - give 'em all you got! One is not better than the other.
Say YES to opportunities - even if it means you're pushing your finances and taking a risk, often those are the ones that pay dividends down the road!
Which songs are your favorite to play and which get requested the most?
Hang on Mom
Like The Movies
Adele 'Easy on Me'
What is the creative process for you, and what inspires you to write your music?
I actually tend to write "backwards" in most people's minds. Where I'm inspired first by the chord/instruments/arrangements and then the lyrics just start flowing.
What kinds of messages do you like to get across in your music?
IN IT TOGETHER.
Do you ever have disagreements when collaborating and how do you get past them?
Sometimes it's just about working through different progressions or arrangements of lyrics or a different way of laying them out. I wouldn't call them "disagreements" I would say it's the creative process. I would recommend always being open to feedback and not taking it personally if there is constructive criticism. If you and the people you're working with communicate well, it helps a lot! "Hey - I really like the way that chorus sounds but can we try it by switching up these words and see how it flows? If we hate it, can we go back?" (as an example).
What are your plans for the future, and do you have anything that you want to spotlight that is coming up?
Looking forward to getting back on tour!!! We kick off Denver Pride on 6/16 and then it's off to the races! I'll be touring like a crazy woman from mid-June to October. Then a quick break and it's time for Holiday shows starting at the end of November until 2023!

domain: artistic


The front page of the Corriere dello Sport
The front page of the Corriere dello Sport on Wednesday 23 November opens with the incredible thud from Argentina: “Argentine mud. Sensational 1-2, Messi humiliated by Saudi Arabia: “A hard blow””. Space also for the Cristiano Ronaldo case: “Now Ronaldo is free!”, we read.
November 23 – 00:18
© REPRODUCTION RESERVED


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Wild Garlic on our lane, May 2015
"As members of the Caravan and Motorhome Club and users of the CL network ourselves, we have striven to produce the best CL caravan site possible on the plot."
At 0.9 miles, Fowey CL is the closest caravan site to the picturesque, historic harbour town of Fowey. The CL is peaceful and quiet located away from the house in a secluded location screened by mature trees and shrubs. We are well back from the road minimising traffic noise and the road itself is the quietest route in and out of Fowey. To overcome the challenges of a sloping site, the ground has been terraced to provide level, well drained pitches.
All of our pitches are, more or less, level and accessed by a wide, surfaced track allowing plenty of room for turning and parking. We found that grass pitches were not durable enough so we have upgraded all our pitches with granite chippings. If you are planning on erecting an awning please ensure that your pegs are sufficiently robust. All pitches have a 16A electrical point and their own, very accessible water tap. I am happy to assist with parking if help is required.
Fowey is a charming, historic harbour town on the picturesque Fowey estuary. Fowey has all the amenities one would expect from a Cornish town dependent on tourism. There are numerous restaurants to cater to all tastes not to mention a choice of pubs and boutique shops to entertain all comers. Our nearest pub is 0.9 miles from the site and our nearest beach, Readymoney Cove, is 1.6m. Alternatively you could try quaint Polkerris 2.3 miles away. In addition to the beach, you could have a drink at The Rashleigh Inn (featured in The Guardian's top summer pubs list 2009) and watch the sunset over St. Austell Bay.
The CL caravan site would make a great base for kayakers, canoeists and anglers. Access to the River Fowey is via the free public slipway only 1 mile away. Alternatively, Polkerris has an excellent watersports centre hiring kayaks, dinghies, windsurfers etc.
This is excellent walking country with many interesting routes right on our doorstep. We would be happy to recommend our favourites.
Why Choose us?
Closest Caravan Site to Fowey.
Peaceful, private and secluded.
Level, well drained camping
16A hook-ups for all pitches.
Durable, all weather hard standing pitches.
Water tap per pitch
Excellent walking country.
Dogs welcome by arrangement.
Nearest shop 0.7 miles.
Nearest pub 0.9 miles.
Free, fast WiFi.
Doctors Surgery 0.8 miles.

domain: geography


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Asking myself, what do I have control over?
The strangest thing I'm experiencing during this isolation are the strong, opposing feelings which are becoming a part of everyday life. I'm sure I cant be alone in this.
A bit of homeschool panic
notes from the inside…well, kinda
A thing I'll be doing to document this strange period in our history.
In uncertain times, it brings me the most comfort to be a helper, offering up my own gifts and resources in hopes of helping someone else. I know right now many are donating to food banks, helping elderly friends and family gather necessaries while avoiding shops, while those who are trained in the healthcare field are prepared to roll up…

domain: sociology


The game Crossfire: Legion was announced in June of last year by Koch Media, but until now we didn’t have much information about the project from the Blackbird Interactive studio. Until today (18), when the producer revealed a new trailer and details about the next steps of development:
Crossfire Legion has already gained a page on Steam with updated information and early access registration, and it has been confirmed that the new game will be part of the same FPS universe, with the Black List, Global Risk factions, and a third team not yet revealed that will only be shown in February.
Here the approach will be RTS, in which the player is forced to choose a faction leader and then take advantage of their abilities. During this month’s technical tests, the two already revealed factions will be able to face each other in two maps in PvP format, 1 against 1 or 3 against 3.
Next month we will also have new maps, while support for ranked matches arrives in March. In April the open beta will be available to everyone and will again bring new scenarios. A little further on we will be able to enjoy cooperative missions, a single player campaign and even a map editor.
Early Access is expected to be released in our fall. What did you think of this schedule? Are you looking forward to the game? Tell us in the comments below!


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Toy Organization For Small Spaces Play Areas Playrooms Smart Ideas A Playroom
Kids playroom furniture for your children creativity #8, choose kid size furniture (that's not kiddie) blue decor. Design home decoration : playroom ideas for smart kids. 42 room.
Fabulously smart organization ideas for playrooms, a perfect blend: combing the playroom and guestroom in style. Kids design smart toy room ideas playroom trends and wall. Decoration : smart playroom decor ideas cute playroom.


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The Manitoba government announced that more than $60 million being invested to upgrade Provincial Road (PR) 201 from PR 200 to PR 302.
“Our government recognizes the efficient transportation of goods is an integral part of Manitoba’s economy and the provincial highway network plays a critical role in enabling market access,” said Manitoba Transportation and Infrastructure Minister Doyle Piwniuk. “As the only east-west provincial route serving the Municipality of Emerson-Franklin and the rural municipalities of Stuartburn and Piney, PR 201 is an important highway in the region.”
The highway is currently subject to Level 1 spring road restrictions, which restricts the maximum axle weight for vehicles to 90 per cent of normal loading in order to protect pavement in vulnerable conditions. While spring road restrictions are in effect, heavy vehicles may need to take alternate routes or haul multiple smaller loads.
As part of the government’s Trade and Commerce Grid initiative, the section of the highway from PR 200 to PR 302 will be upgraded to Manitoba’s heaviest regulated loading classification to accommodate heavy commercial loads year-round in order to support improved market access and efficient transportation of goods.
Upgrades on PR 201 from Provincial Trunk Highway (PTH) 59 to PR 302 are expected to start in 2025/26, with a project cost of $27.7 million. Further upgrades on the highway from PR 200 to PTH 59, at the cost of $33.5 million, are expected to start the following year, the minister added.
“This upgrade is a significant and welcomed infrastructure project for our region,” said Monique Chenier, economic development manager for Sunrise Corner, a partnership of the RMs of Piney and Stuartburn. “This investment in rural communities and people will enable our local farmers, retailers and manufacturers to be more competitive and grow their businesses to benefit our region and all of Manitoba.”
The minister noted PTH 59 is currently being upgraded from the U.S. border to PTH 52 to accommodate heavier commercial loads. That project will be completed this fall, weather permitting.
Featured image: (Twitter – @MinPiwniuk)


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Contact: David Bieri, 304-465-2516
Glen Jean, West Virginia, April 1, 2015—In April, four West Virginia forests will be added to a growing list of forests included in the Old Growth Forest Network. The first West Virginia forest to be dedicated into the network will be an old growth forest located in the federally protected New River Gorge National River. On April 15 at 10 am, a group will gather at the trailhead at Stone Cliff for a brief dedication ceremony. After the dedication there will be a hike into one of the few old-growth forests that remain in West Virginia. The dedication and hike are free and open to the public.
The Old-Growth Forest Network is the first national organization working specifically to designate ancient forests for the enjoyment of present and future generations. In counties capable of supporting forest growth, they identify at least one forest that has been protected from logging and open to the public. The organization then helps families connect with those forests. The result will be a national network of treasured forests where all generations can experience native biodiversity and the beauty of nature. States that already have forests in the network include New York, Massachusetts, California, Georgia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Colorado, Hawaii, Michigan, Virginia and Florida. Other old growth forests that will be added to the forest network in West Virginia include Cathedral State Park, Pierson Hollow of Carnifex Ferry Battlefield State Park, and Gaudineer Scenic Area in Monongahela National Forest.
Dr. Joan Maloof, founder and director of the Old-Growth Forest Network, will be present for trailhead dedication ceremonies at each forest. Also present will be the Old-Growth Forest Network's volunteer county coordinators. The Network relies on volunteer county coordinators to help identify the best representative forests for each county and coordinate the people and information needed for these forests to become included in the Network. Dr. Maloof stated, "We look forward to adding more West Virginia counties to the Network in the future. We depend on a volunteer in each county to help us identify candidate forests". Interested volunteers are welcome to contact the Old Growth Forest Network through their website: www.oldgrowthforest.net.
To reach the Stone Cliff trailhead from Beckley, take Route 19 to the Glen-Jean-Thurmond exit and turn right towards Glen Jean. Take an immediate left and go 0.5 miles to Glen Jean. Turn right and follow the signs for Thurmond (WV Route 25). Continue for 6 miles to a three-way intersection. Bear right and go 1.5 miles on this road. Take a right on the gravel road, just before the bridge crossing the New River. Continue past the boat launch to the parking area.
About the National Park Service
More than 20,000 National Park Service employees care for America's 407 national parks and work with communities across the nation to help preserve local history and create close-to-home recreational opportunities. Learn more at www.nps.gov. Learn more about parks near you;find your park and share your park stories at www.FindYourPark.com.


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World Care Products, a manufacturer and marketer of air care products, has teamed up with Church & Dwight as a licensee of the Arm & Hammer Brand for its new air care category.
Church & Dwight, the maker of Arm & Hammer, has announced that pop sensation One Direction is joining the Arm & Hammer Tooth Tunes branded products family.
Arm & Hammer has introduced a new type of cat litter that's aimed at busy cat owners who don't have time to clean the litter box every day.
Church & Dwight on Tuesday launched its new Arm & Hammer Simply Saline neti pot kit, which uses a formula that is pH balanced with Arm & Hammer baking soda to help prevent stinging or discomfort commonly associated with saline irrigation.
Arm & Hammer is answering the pleas of sensitive skin sufferers by rolling out a new laundry detergent that provides deep cleaning and freshness to clothes.
Arm & Hammer's gel laundry detergent is celebrating its first birthday and has invited parents to share messy first birthday moments for a chance to win a dream birthday party for their child.
Arm & Hammer is helping cat owners fight litter box odors with its new Arm...
Arm & Hammer is introducing a new gel laundry detergent that promises to fight the...


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The 'Jenny Don't Be Hasty' singer doesn't think there's anything wrong with the boy band indulging in dope and claims it makes them far better role models for young fans than provocative pop acts like Miley Cyrus.
He ranted in the new issue of Q magazine: ''I saw a photo of Miley Cyrus with her leotard pulled up between the lips of her vagina. Is that all right? Is that f**king cool? And One Direction can't have a joint? They're the bad role models? Come on.''
Paolo added: ''Christ, they're men now. Let's flip it and look at the female global pop stars out there. Sexualisation isn't the problem, it's a case of class.''
The British musician also went on to reveal he smokes marijuana daily and has done so since he was 16 because it ''just keeps you going''.
He raged: ''Can the world please get to grips with marijuana? How long can this go on? Don't get me wrong, give it to the wrong person, marijuana can spawn all kinds of things, but no more so than alcohol. Come on, people have been saying this s**t for 40 f**king years.''
However, Paolo admits smoking so much dope isn't without its perils.
He joked: ''I launched into a chunky KitKat and it took out a tooth.''
The 1969 session, including the only known recording of 'Sunshine Woman' by the band, will be included on a re-issue of 'The Complete BBC Sessions'...
The 55 year old actor joined Chris Martin and co. on stage in New Jersey to perform 'Earth Angel' and 'Johnny B. Goode'.
Bjork Digital comes to London's Somerset House in September, along with a single live show at the Royal Albert Hall.
Kim Kardashian released an audio excerpt from a phone call between Kanye and Taylor Swift over the lyrics of 'Famous' - but if it was recorded...
There's very much a strength of conviction in remaining what you were, but arguably more so in becoming what you want to be.
The BBC drama starring Aidan Turner returns to BBC One on September 4th.
Guns N' Roses were detained at the Canadian border last week for gun possession but they're adamant the weapon didn't belong to them.


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'I need justice for my son:' Junior's family thanks supporters as thousands mourn 15-year-old boy's stabbing death
06/26/2018 6:49 am PDT
By Ayana Harry and Heather Hulmes, WPIX
MOTT HAVEN, the Bronx -- (WPIX) -- The mother of 15-year-old gang-attack victim Lesandro “Junior” Guzman-Feliz spoke out Monday as thousands gathered to pay respects to her son at his wake.
Leandra Feliz expressed how thankful she is for the support she's gotten from all around the world since her son's brutal slaying Wednesday night outside a bodega in the Mott Haven section of the Bronx.
"I want to say thank you to everyone. The police are doing a great job with the arrests and I hope that they continue to go to the end and find all of the people who were involved," Feliz said.
She told reporters that she needs justice for her son and hopes that the people who killed him will get what they deserve.
"My heart is broken. He was a sweet kid with a very good heart," Feliz said.
His father, Lesandro Guzman, also spoke out about Junior's dream to become a police officer.
He showed a tattoo that he got on his left hand in honor of his slain child — a picture of his son's face with the letters "R.I.P" written below.
"I need justice for my son," Feliz said. "That's my Junior baby."
The wake outside R.G. Ortiz Funeral Home on Southern Boulevard has drawn thousands of mourners, who paid respects in diverse ways. One group released a set of white balloons into the sky while shouting "Junior!"
FULL STORY: 'I need justice for my son:' Junior's family thanks supporters as thousands mourn 15-year-old boy's stabbing death - WPIX
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Officers take to two wheels
There are a few bicyclists in Selma, but not like the group that has recently hit the streets.
The Selma Police Department has reinstated the bike patrol.
Officers go out to high crime neighborhoods and patrol the area all on two wheels. The idea behind the unit is to provide stealth-like approach while building community relations.
There are many benefits to the program — no maintenance cost and access to places cars cannot go.
An instructor from Nashville will train the officers further as well.
Selmians should not only mind the officers on bikes, but also appreciate their hard work. The program is a creative way to stave crime in the city and every little bit helps.
The program was in effect several years ago, but was phased out. It’s good to see it come back.
So keep an eye out for officers on bike. They are logging in miles a day to help clean up crime. For that, all of Selma and the surrounding areas should thank them.


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Lucky New Year’s foods
If you’re a born-and-raised U.S. southerner, as I am, you might not dream of passing New Year’s Day without eating at least a few black-eyed peas. At some point, it occurred to me to wonder why this food – plus greens and cornbread – are considered lucky for New Year’s. I found out that this deep tradition of the U.S. South dates back to the Civil War, when William Tecumseh Sherman made his march to the sea in the fall of 1864.
Sherman’s soldiers lived off the land. They stripped the countryside of crops, robbed food stores and killed or carried away livestock. But they apparently passed over the “field peas” – black-eyed peas to us – a food whose first domestication probably occurred in West Africa and came to the U.S. during the slave trade of the early U.S. colonial period. The soldiers must have thought these legumes were useful only for animal feed.
Southerners left with black-eyed peas were said to feel lucky and to survive the winter.
The list below has a few more “lucky” New Year’s foods, both in the U.S. and around the world.
Greens. Go ahead. Cook up a big pot of collards, kale or chard on New Year’s Day. These foods are eaten in many parts of the world on New Year’s because they’re green and are said to resemble money.
Grains and noodles. Grains (corn, rice, quinoa, barley) are symbols of long life and abundance. By the way, cornbread, greens and black-eyed peas are all considered soul food, popular in African American culture for centuries. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation – freeing the South’s slaves – as the U.S. entered its third year of civil war on January 1, 1863.
Ring shaped cakes and pastries. In many parts of the world, around the New Year, ring-shaped cakes are eaten as a beautiful symbol of coming full circle. Sometimes the cakes have trinkets baked inside, like the baby inside a New Orleans king cake (popular from Christmas Eve to Epiphany). In a story for KQED.org, Anna Mindess wrote that:
Denmark is the place to go for New Year’s Eve, where marzipan is the key ingredient in a dramatically tall, ringed cake called Kransekage. The cone-shaped pastry is constructed of ever smaller concentric circles and is the classic dessert for weddings, birthdays and New Years.
Meanwhile, Italy has a ring-shaped ripastry called chiacchiere at New Year’s, pictured above. In Poland, Hungary, and the Netherlands, people eat donuts for New Year’s.
Pork. Pigs are considered a lucky New Year’s food because they root in the ground while moving forward. They’re fat, a worldwide symbol of prosperity. I don’t know about all pigs, but the pig kept as a pet by one of my neighbors also has the kind of face that always looks as if it’s smiling. You can’t go wrong with combining pork, beans and greens in a dish called Hoppin’ John for New Year’s Eve. Recipe here.
Using the same logic, lobsters and chickens are supposed to be unlucky foods at New Year’s. Lobsters crawl backwards. Chickens, when they scratch, also move backwards.
Fruit, especially grapes. In Spain, Portugal and many Latin American countries, New Year’s revelers eat 12 grapes at midnight on New Year’s Eve — one grape for each stroke of the clock. Epicurious.com says this tradition dates back to 1909, when Spanish grape farmers had a grape surplus. Each grape is said to represent a different month. If one grape is sour, that month might not be so fortunate.
By the way, grapes aren’t the only lucky New Year’s fruit. A pomegranate’s many seeds are said to symbolize prosperity. Figs are said to be a symbol of fertility.
Bottom line: In the U.S. South and around the world, some foods are considered lucky for New Year’s. What the heck? Eat them! I always do. This post talks about lucky New Year’s foods and why they carry the association of good fortune.

domain: food


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I’m so excited for Momoland’s release tomorrow. It sounds like such a huge bop. I’m losing my mind.
I am counting down the hours until I wake up tomorrow so I can be blessed all over again. These ladies graced me with one of the best birthday gifts last year with BAAM. This song came out on June 26, 2018 and it ROCKED MY WORLD.
I was SHOOK.
I mean, I learned this dance. I KNOW most of this dance. This was the song that finally made me learn how to shuffle. Not Lovey-Dovey, not Party Rock. It was BAAM.
Anyway, their comeback is tomorrow. I can’t wait. I’ve waited six months for this and from the highlight medley from the new mini and the dance preview…I am ready.
So I’m probably going K-pop crazy this week. Who can blame me with these bops?


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Appetizing frozen desserts. Comes in many flavours.
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Pot of Organic Tea
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CSUN’s hockey team is off to an unbelievable start winning their first nine out of a possible ten games, with one tie.
“We are off to a great start to the season and winning crucial games against San Diego State, San Jose State, and cross city rival, Cal State Fullerton,” said Assistant General Manager Travis Van Noty.
Van Noty also calls games for the Matador Sports Network and is the head of Media Relations for the program.
The team competes in the West Coast Hockey Conference and the American Collegiate Hockey Association, Division II. Carrie Adams started the program back in 1971 and created the Pacific Collegiate Hockey Association in the same year.
CSUN would compete in the PCHA until 2012. CSUN would also compete at Division III level in 2004, until jumping up to Division II in 2012 in the ACHA.
“We face a lot of adversity with being in a town that is well known for their hockey with USC, UCLA, and bigger name schools,” said forward Ellis Bourgoujian. “We are trying to do what we can to get CSUN on the California map for hockey as well.”
The Los Angeles Kings created a tournament among several Southern California colleges which is known as the LA Kings College Cup. Last season was the inaugural season, and the Matadors went into the tournament and took home the gold.
In the opening round of the cup this past weekend, CSUN routed Chapman University, 9-2. They will advance to the second round in pursuit of their second straight cup title.
The Matadors call Simi Valley’s Iceoplex Center home this season. The home games are normally on the weekends and times vary.
“We try to get students and fans into the stands as best as we can,” said Head Coach JP Gale. “Our program is growing slowly, but surely. Each game, we would like to have around 200 fans in the crowd, but due to late start times and being out in Simi Valley, we understand that it may be difficult to get out there and at the late hour.”
Gale is in his 7th season at the helm for the Matadors and played for CSUN from 2005-2010. He coaches alongside his father, Steve.
Last season the Matadors had a great year but lost games late which eventually cost them a higher ranking for playoff contention.
“They had a great season last year, and certainly had promise, but a few games at the end of the season where each win was crucial, they couldn’t get it done,” said Van Noty.
The team is captained by senior Alex Reints. Reints is off to a good start to the season as he is one of the top scorers for CSUN.
“As captain here, I understand that it is my job to get the team motivated and anyway I can make an impact on the game,” said Reints.
Before CSUN, Reints played for the Channel Islands Riptide and the California Titans. Both of those clubs are local youth hockey travel teams.
Including Reints, 25 of the 28 Matadors are from the Southern California area. Many of them went to high school in the San Fernando Valley and wanted to play for CSUN. Together, they are trying to put CSUN on the California hockey map.


A CALL to ‘declutter’ Kendal town centre by removing taxis from the streets has been made by members of Kendal Town Council.
Councillors say the number of cabs parking in Stricklandgate gives a bad first impression of the town.
But taxi drivers have hit back, with one saying that with just three official spaces on Highgate, doing the job in Kendal is ‘worse than a nightmare’.
The official taxi rank on Highgate is outside Barclays, which has space for three vehicles.
But South Lakeland District Council (SLDC) allows cabs to park outside Farrers coffee shop, on Stricklandgate, as an ‘unofficial rank’ outside loading times.
Coun Clare Feeney-Johnson has complained about the number of taxis on Stricklandgate, and that some drivers stand outside their cabs smoking, which she said did not give a good impression of the town.
She said: “It takes over the town centre and makes it feel like a busy road rather than a pedestrianised area. “I don’t want to affect the business of taxi drivers and people who rely on them but it’s all about looking at the future.
“A viable town centre needs to be attractive – if it’s blocked up with taxis and delivery wagons you take away some of its attractiveness.”
The Mayor of Kendal, Coun Sylvia Emmott, said her concern was for the safety of pedestrians: “I’ve seen taxis queueing by the Birdcage and they shouldn’t park there, although I appreciate they’ve got to make a living.
“The conclusion we’ve come to is we probably need another taxi rank, but that’s a very long process. Personally I would like to see the area from the town hall to the library completely pedestrianised because it makes a much nicer shopping experience.”
The town council has written to SLDC and Cumbria County Council about a strategy for minimising the volume of taxis and highlighting pedestrian areas.
One suggestion is reconfiguring an area of the bus station on Blackhall Road to accommodate more taxis.
But K Cars driver Kevin Dixon said: “This is the middle of what should be a thriving town centre, and where else would you find a town of 30,000 with so few spaces – it’s worse than a nightmare.”
Ikram Ullah, another K Cars driver, said: “We’re fighting for our livelihood and we’re constantly being hounded and given tickets.
“It’s not fair because we’re here for members of the public who need us.” He added that the bus station was not central enough for a main taxi rank and Highgate was ‘easier for people to see where we are’.
Jeremy Saunders, who runs Jez’s Taxis, said: “We have to keep moving constantly because of traffic wardens but then we waste fuel driving around town.”
Other taxi ranks in Kendal are at the bus station (which has space for two cabs), outside Sphere bar on Stramongate and at Market Place, which cannot be used on Wednesday and Saturday because of the outdoor market.
Changing taxi rank locations requires a Traffic Regulation Order, which take around two years to implement.
SLDC’s Public Protection Manager Phil Greenup said it had not received any complaints about the number of taxis in the town centre, but could look at the situation as part of the ‘vision’ for Kendal.


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Basically for breakfast I'll eat cereal for lunch 3 boiled eggs and a whole grain plain bagel and for dinner probably a subways footlong,cereal or 3 boiled eggs and a whole grain bagel again plus of course doing about 20 mins of cardio 3 times a Week and muscle regiment 4 times a week any suggestions I need to lose some of my body fat in like a monthIs this a good diet to lose fat if not can you help me make one?
Eat a bigger breakfast. Your metabolism goes way up if you eat a big breakfast. Drink more water, mix in some weight training, and extend your cardio to 35-45 minutes. Lessen the intensity though. It takes 20-30 minutes for your body to get into super calorie burning mode, so you're stopping before your metabolism can actually start really doing work. Eat more whole fruits and veggies, particulary celery, as it takes about 100-110 cal. to digest when an average piece only has 60. Get more sleep, and keep it up every day.
Start taking the egg yolk out of your boiled eggs and just eat the egg whites. Substitute your bagel for 1-1 1/2 cup(s) of oats. Also throw some extra protein into your diet and up your cardio to three 45 sessions a week or 4-5 thirty minute sessions. The fat should fly off if you stick to the diet and cardioIs this a good diet to lose fat if not can you help me make one?
Going on a subway diet? Eh. Best thing you can do is no carbs. Especially since you're trying to do it in a month. Exercise, P90 with some good healthy eating habits, and you should be okay.


If you are using a Wi-Fi adaptor to connect to the internet, your Eurobox Receiver will need to be configured to work on your network.
Having inserted the Wi-Fi Adaptor into the USB port on the rear of the Eurobox now connect the box to the power and boot it up.
After about 2 minutes following various on screen messages the system will show ‘Page Load Error’. (this is because there is no internet connection)
On the left hand side of the screen you need to scroll down to System settings and press OK
Using the direction arrows on the remote, navigate to ‘Wireless (Wi-Fi), press OK
At the top of this next screen, ‘Auto (DHCP)’ will be highlighted, press OK
Now you should see your router, if not press refresh as shown on the screen
Select your router/connection and press ok
Scroll down to Key or passphrase
Press the keyboard button towards the top right of your remote to activate the on screen keyboard. Now using the keyboard enter your password for your network
Close the keyboard
Press ok to save
To NowWatchTVLive, plug the box out and back in from the power to reboot
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Check the connection from the STB to your television whether it is a HDMI lead or AV lead....Not Loading/Stuck on loading
When you start to NowWatchTVLive the STB says “Loading” – if it gets stuck it means it cannot...Connection Problem
If you see at the top of the screen Connection Problem, then disconnect your TV box and also your...Picture Showing no sound
First check the volume on both the STB and your TV. If the volume is up high on both, and you...Picture Breaking Up or Pixelating
First make sure that no computer or devices are switched on as these may take up bandwidth and...


Australia All Out for 530; Smith smashes 192
December 27 , 2014
Australia scored a massive 530 runs in their first innings of the third Test against India at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The match was resumed post lunch session when hosts were 389 for seven. Captain Steven Smith made a significant contribution with his splendid knock of 192 runs. This was his third consecutive century. For the eighth wicket partnership, Ryan Harris (74), along with the captain, added 106 runs. Mohammed Shami, by taking four wickets, provided a little reprieve to India. He was followed by Ravichandran Ashwin and Umesh Yadav who took three wickets each.


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China skeptical of U.S. neutrality in Asia
BEIJING – China on Tuesday pressed the United States to keep out of its dispute with Asian neighbors over who controls the vast South China Sea, as Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton arrived here as part of a tour of the region.
Clinton arrived here from Indonesia, where several Asian nations asked for U.S. help in countering aggressive moves by China to lay claim to the more than 1 million square miles of the South China Sea and control of its energy deposits.
She urged the states — including allies Thailand and the Philippines — to present a united front to the Chinese to "calm the waters." She reiterated that President Obama has taken no position on China's claims but said the matter should be resolved "without coercion, without intimidation and certainly without the use of force."
The Chinese foreign ministry said it hoped that the United States would maintain that position.
"We hope the U.S. side will keep its commitment and make efforts that help, rather than harm, regional peace," Foreign Ministry official Hong Lei said. "China, like all other countries in the world, has an obligation to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity."
Clinton made her remarks in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, before a gathering of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. She was to meet Wednesday with Chinese officials.
China says its territory extends throughout the South China Sea, even within the internationally recognized maritime borders of other nations. Its military boats have engaged in confrontations with the navies of the Philippines and Japan over islands claimed by others.
Upon Clinton's arrival in Beijing, the Chinese official media lambasted Clinton and the USA for interfering with China's aims.
"Many Chinese people do not like Hillary" said an editorial in the Global Times, a newspaper run by the Communist Party. The newspaper stated that the United States aims to maintain its "world hegemony" partly by restricting China's rise.
China's state news agency Xinhua warned that U.S. politicians "who preposterously fancy they could do gold-digging in China and rein in China's rise simultaneously should remember the old saying that no one can have his cake and eat it too."
"The United States should stop its role as a sneaky troublemaker sitting behind some nations in the region and pulling strings," it said.
The Obama administration supports the promotion of a regionally endorsed code of conduct that all claimants should observe regarding territorial claims. China, however, wants any territorial disputes to be resolved between it and individual countries.
Yan Xuetong, a scholar at Qinghua University in Beijing, said both sides seek conciliation but any reduction in tensions will be temporary in China and the United States' "superficial friendship."
"China-U.S. relations have deteriorated, not improved," under Obama, he said. The president's announced plan to "pivot" U.S. focus toward the Asia Pacific after years of emphasis on Iraq and Afghanistan, "tries to unite more countries in this region toward the American side and isolate China."


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“[B]eing twelve is its own psychosexual dystopian satire, and I was not in on the joke.” Abbey Fenbert writes for Catapult about Aldous Huxley‘s Brave New World, reading-while-tween, and being a seventh-grade book censor. See also: our own brave editor-in-chief, Lydia Kiesling, on reading Huxley a week after last November’s election.
The New York Times gives Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Taylor Branch a well-deserved profile. I’ve mentioned before that his take down of the NCAA’s corruption is astounding, but now’s a good time to mention that his e-book, The Cartel: Inside the Rise and Imminent Fall of the NCAA, is even better. Branch also appeared on Wednesday night’s “Colbert Report” to discuss the book.
Valentine’s Day may be all about happy couples, but the most memorable love stories in literature are tales of doom, from Oedipus to Romeo and Juliet to the many dysfunctional partnerships that populate contemporary literature. The Guardian offers a literary lovers’ quiz for the lovelorn.
Stop reading this post if you have things to do. Still here? You’ve been warned. Ray Cadaster compiled a list of The 50 Most Interesting Articles on Wikipedia, and then followed it up with a sequel containing 50 more. Over at Ploughshares, Justin Alvarez discusses his favorites among both lists, and he asks readers to share their best discoveries. As you go through these articles, keep an eye peeled for posts worthy of Citation Needed.
In 1998, T.C. Boyle released his first massive collection of short stories, titled, appropriately enough, Stories. Clocking in at 700+ pages, the book illustrated the zany profligacy of one our premier short fiction writers. Now Boyle has released a new collection — titled (of course) Stories II — and with it comes a new trailer.


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When Alexandra Gutierrez thinks about the food of her childhood, she thinks about the salteñas and rellenos de papa her grandmother sold out of her house in La Paz, Bolivia. The home was a common homestyle bodega, which are called “the snack” in Bolivia.
“You can find even homemade food on the streets of Bolivia. We are very proud of the food. McDonald's closed because Bolivians love their own food so much,” Alexandra said.
Nostalgia informed the menu of the new food truck, Sumaj at 403 N. Sixth Ave., she runs with her mother. Because you can’t find Bolivian food anywhere else in Tucson, she wanted to bring us all of the favorites she misses here. The recipes are her grandmother’s.
Salteñas are a kind of Bolivian-style empanada, a hand pie made with flour dough and baked in the oven. It’s filled with a warmly flavored stew of chicken or beef, potatoes, parsley, spring peas, hard-boiled egg and an olive.
“You can find people eating salteñas every morning, it’s a brunch thing,” Alexandra said. “All the things we sell at the truck, you can find on the streets of La Paz at any time of the day. You’ll be on the street at 3 a.m. and find it.”
For now, the menu is concise: the beef stew filling can also be found in the deep-fried Tucumanas and the stuffed, fried potato ball relleno de papa. You can also order cheese empanadas, made with either wheat or corn dough and fried.
The stew is made with parsley for now because Alexandra is growing Bolivia’s favorite herb, quirquiña, from home. “Here in America it only grows in the summer, but in Bolivia you can find it any time of the year,” she said.
To drink, Sumaj offers mocochinchi, a gently sweet tea flavored with cinnamon and a dehydrated peach.
When Alexandra and her mother, Rocio Calderon, first started planning Sumaj four years ago, they intended for it to be a restaurant. Then the pandemic hit, and they had to start from scratch. Alex reimagined a much smaller budget and set up a GoFundMe for a food truck project.
While most of the money they raised goes toward commissary kitchen costs, increased food prices and other logistics, they also invested in custom art for their brand.
Alex commissioned artists from Bolivia to create both a logo and a mural for the side of the truck. “We wanted to have a little bit of Bolivia, the street that looks like in La Paz, the city we represent with this food truck,” she said. “The artist who did the food truck is (part of) a collective in the Amazon area, her murals are all over the city in La Paz.”
But the food truck’s name, Sumaj, is an homage to a different part of the country — the Andean region, tucked between Brazil and Peru, where Alexandra and her mother are from. The indigenous language of the region is Quechua. Alexandra’s grandmother speaks the language. In Quechua, sumaj has a complex meaning.
“It’s like beautiful, nice, cute, delicious, incredible,” Alexandra said. “They have so many words inside the word, that’s why we chose that one. It contains so many good things.”
Though Alexandra attended culinary school and cooks most of the food at Sumaj, she thinks of herself simply, as the body that creates the food. “(My mother) is the real main character here,” Alexandra said.
“(My mother) wanted to have our Bolivian truck here because there was nobody else,” Alexandra said. “We want to give that to the city. A gift.”
Sumaj Bolivian Street Food
Location: 403 N. Sixth Ave.
Hours: 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Thursday-Saturday
For more information, follow them on Instagram.


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Johorean loses RM1,000 in attempt to get personal loan through social media.
SIBU: All that business tycoon Tan Sri Tiong Su Kuok wanted for his birthday was for his grandchildren not to take for granted the good life they have now.
MELAKA: The state government is going all out to eradicate illegal trading by foreigners at night markets and shops.
Groups in the Malaysian investment management sector list their expectations
BEFORE purchasing your first home or upgrading your current one, visiting a showroom can help you envision the space that you will eventually call your own.
Malaysia Tourism City in Melaka is on its way to becoming the next big tourist destination with plans of becoming a shopping haven, boasting the first Hasbro water theme park and Malaysia's version of Bangkok's popular Chatuchak market.
Embattled fashion retailer Forever 21 closes 19,200 sq ft store – its last – in Hong Kong as protests take a toll on sales
The American fast-fashion chain has closed its Mong Kok store, pulling down the curtain on eight years in Hong KongThe city’s massive protest rallies, now in their fourth month, have often targeted Hong Kong’s main shopping districts
JOHOR BARU: A local man who tried to get a personal loan of RM10,000 from what he believed was a legitimate credit leasing company was instead duped of RM1,000.
Malaysia has a low recycling rate. To address this, we need to learn from Finland’s campaign to build its circular economy by ensuring its citizens sort their waste at source.

domain: economics