Isabeau Lotye Duffet Wiring Diagram April 15th, 2018 - 10:24:36
Under rated wiring and oversized protection can cause damage to the wiring. It is important to Contact your Government or Local Authorities as to specific requirements or legislation with regards to The Electrical Wiring Code. Although National Wiring Regulations are available,certain additional requirements may be necessary and required to comply with wiring regulations. Safety is imperative when it comes to electrical wiring and any work should be carried out by a Qualified Electrician or Electrical Engineer,and permits obtained from the local authority before any work commences. Be Aware, Electricity Can Kill. To understand how the layout of Wiring Diagrams are presented, visit our website below.
You need to do as much research as you can, so make sure that you learn more about the terminals used, and the wires that are inside the cables that you are going to buy and use for your wiring. you will find that going to blogs sites and forum to learn more about the things that need will be a great help, because there are many experts waiting to help you in your quest. What will you use these cables for? These Ethernet cables are being use all over the world, in homes, in offices and even at the ATMs you use on a daily basis.
Even if you have no qualification in electronics and you dont have any idea what you are doing, you can still use the diagrams. As long as you understand a few things like what AC is for example. AC means alternating current and DC is the other type, which is direct current. In AC electric motors, they are useful for converting the energy from electrical to mechanical. This means that they can be used in general applications like washing machines and also in trains. The motor has an armature which goes round and round on a fixed axis.
Using bad wiring diagrams is a sure fire recipe for disaster. Many times these ineffective wiring diagrams are offered free of charge, but the professional mechanic is best served to steer clear of them as they are generally not worth the paper theyre printed on. The best option is always to use a verified and accurate wiring diagram thats provided from a trusted source. A good, established company that has a long track record of providing the most up-to-date wiring diagrams available is not hard to find. In fact, the services that they provide are relatively inexpensive compared to what could happen if a bad schematic is used.


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Former Washington Post Editor Ben Bradlee Dies at 93 (FishbowlDC)
Former editor of The Washington Post Ben Bradlee died Tuesday of natural causes at the age of 93 at his home in Washington. Bradley served as executive editor of The Washington Post from 1968-1991, a time that included the resignation of President Richard Nixon and the Watergate scandal. The Washington Post Bradlee’s most important decision, made with publisher Katharine Graham, the Post’s publisher, may have been to print stories based on the Pentagon Papers, a secret Pentagon history of the Vietnam War. The Post’s circulation nearly doubled while Bradlee was in charge of the newsroom — first as managing editor and then as executive editor — as did the size of its newsroom staff. NYT With full backing from Graham, Bradlee led the Post into the first rank of American newspapers, courting controversy and giving it standing as a thorn in the side of Washington officials. When government officials called to complain, Bradlee acted as a buffer between them and his staff. “Just get it right,” he would tell his reporters. Most of the time they did, but there were mistakes, one so big that the paper had to return a Pulitzer Prize. Boston Globe It was Bradlee who guided the Post through its coverage of the Watergate scandal — “the story of our generation,” he later called it, “the story that put us all on the map” — and his unwavering leadership was crucial to the success of the paper’s investigations during the nine months between the break-in at Democratic National Committee headquarters on June 17, 1972, and the sentencing of the Watergate burglars on March 23, 1973, a period during which the Post was far out in front of the rest of the media in covering the scandal and, as a result, dangerously exposed to criticism from the Nixon administration. Reuters Bradlee’s death at his Washington home of natural causes was announced by the Post, which reported late last month that he had begun hospice care after suffering from Alzheimer’s disease for several years.

domain: news


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Last updated on May 15th, 2019 at 04:55 pm
Mental health care provider Rogers Memorial Hospital is in talks with the developers of Pabst Farms to build a 31-acre campus within the mixed-use development at I-94 and Highway 67 in Oconomowoc.
It appears the Rogers Memorial campus could include a hospital and an administrative building, although details in city filings are sketchy and Pabst Farms and Rogers Memorial representatives declined to provide more information when reached by BizTimes Milwaukee.
The campus is part of an overall development proposal for a 71-acre portion of Pabst Farms northeast of Old Schoolhouse and Valley roads, just west of Summit Elementary School.
Besides the Rogers Memorial campus, the remainder of the 71-acre site would include up to 200 market rate, upscale apartments by Northbrook, Illinois-based Harbor Bay Real Estate Advisors on 31 acres and 7.8 acres of business uses including office and commercial retail, according to the plans submitted to the city.
Developers are asking that the site be rezoned from suburban residential to business park and high density, which will be considered by the city’s plan commission on Sept. 13.
William Niemann, executive vice president of Pabst Farms, could not give details on the Rogers Hospital plan, saying he has signed a confidentially agreement with Rogers.
“We have had discussion with them, and others, regarding the business park aspect to the site,” Niemann said.
The Oconomowoc plan commission agenda refers to a “Rogers Hospital campus” as part of the Pabst Farms proposal.
In a letter to Oconomowoc city planner Jason Gallo, Niemann says, “Pabst Farms has had productive meetings with a corporate user to build an approximate 31-acre campus, including their main administrator building…”
A spokeswoman for Rogers declined to provide details about the Pabst Farms plans.
“Rogers is currently exploring numerous options to expand services to meet patient needs in the future, but we have not made any decisions to purchase property at this time,” said Anne Ballentine, Rogers spokeswoman.
Earlier this year, Mills Fleet Farm announced plans to build a 218,628-square-foot store at I-94 and Highway 67 in the Pabst Farms development. That project is the first development at the Town Centre portion of Pabst Farms.
A decade ago, developer Peter Bell’s 1,500-acre Pabst Farms development included plans for a 1 million-square-foot upscale regional shopping center, called the Pabst Farms Town Centre, northeast of I-94 and Highway 67. But plans for the upscale regional mall never moved forward and most of the other commercial development at Pabst Farms ceased during and after the Great Recession.
Niemann said the projects that could come together with the rezoning request, along with the homes currently being built could attract more retail.
In July, Pewaukee-based Neumann Companies, Inc. announced plans to develop 351 single-family home lots at Pabst Farms, creating four new neighborhoods along I-94 in Oconomowoc and Summit.
Kingsway Homes is also building 100 condominiums.
“Retailers look at rooftops and demographics and these projects will attract a great deal of attention from them,” Niemann said. “We’re pleased with the activity. It has just taken awhile to absorb the Great Recession.”


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Name: Véronique Gélinas
Position: Former MSc Student (Environment and Life Sciences, Trent University)
Research Project: Mixed Methods Approaches in Marine Mammal Science: A Case Study of the Bowhead Whale Distribution Patterns and Feeding Ecology in the Eastern Canadian Arctic (Nunavik) Using Complementary Approaches to Stable Isotope, Trace Elements and Inuit Knowledge Analysis (MSc Thesis – completed)
Academic background: Certificate in Public Communication; MSc in Environment and Life Sciences (Trent University); Multidisciplinary Bachelor in Geography, Biology and International Studies (Laval University)
Contact information: firstname.lastname@example.org
About the researcher:
As part of my Master’s thesis I interviewed Inuit elders and hunters in Nunavik (Northern Quebec) and combined the findings of these interviews with results from analyses of two stable isotopes (Carbon and Nitrogen) and 26 trace elements (stable isotopes and trace elements being great naturally occurring feeding behaviours indicators in living things) contained in baleen plates in order to understand the distribution and feeding ecology (where and on what it feeds) of the bowhead whales in Nunavik waters. Having a great interested in public perception of nature and its interaction with it, my project was a perfect match! I had the chance to meet fabulous people and get a better understanding of another culture and of another way to thinking. I also had the opportunity to sensibilize scientists to the importance of including local knowledge into their research to get a better understanding of their research question. I also contributed to expend the biological and cultural knowledge about an Arctic species that is subject to be affected by climate change.
Upon completion of my thesis, I graduated from a film production program in 2016. Since then, I have been working in the film production industry, in schools and newspapers as a science communicator, sharing my scientific knowledge with the public and using my public communication skills, which my Master’s program helped me develop.

domain: geography


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As I’ve mentioned, I’m currently studying Menswear Design at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City.
The program has been a valuable experience in many ways. With one semester remaining I have already benefited greatly from understanding the technicalities and nuances of pattern-making, fabric composition, clothing construction, etc.
For example, when I’m dealing with clothing manufacturers, both domestic and international, I am able to communicate using a technical vocabulary, give very specific instructions, hand-inspect the quality of their work, and revise samples for review and improvement.
Apart from the curriculum, another advantage of the program is simply being around other creative people with similar interests. I certainly have some stylish classmates. Paul Kim, featured here, has my favorite style of the bunch.
Like me, he loves tailored clothing and styles it with modern, youthful punches. He does “classic with a twist” (which just about every menswear designer is experimenting with these days) as good as anyone I know.
Paul was born and raised in South Korea. Prior to coming to the United States, Paul was a professional dancer who performed backup for a number of famous Korean singers and bands. This gave him the opportunity to meet professional stylists, which fueled his passion for clothing and eventually lead him to fashion design.
Here, he gave us a glimpse at the personal touches he puts into his wardrobe.
1. Subtle Colors, Unique Details
“I typically try to play within basic color combinations. This way I always have a simple backdrop to add subtle details.
I almost always try to dress somewhere between dressy and casual.
Here it’s dark denim with a blue shirt and navy pinstriped blazer under a classic tan trench…with a few different touches like the white & navy polka-dot socks, large safety pin on the chest pocket, and handmade studded patch that make the outfit a bit unique.”
- Dark rinse jeans by H&M
- Tan trench by Lago & Filo
- Navy chalkstripe wool blazer by Rugby
- Vintage tie (from Paul’s father when he participated in the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games)
- Brown leather tassel loafers by Lago & Filo
- Brown leather belt by Zara

domain: artistic


ESI Aktiv05 & Aktiv08 Studio Monitors
ESI has announced the release of a new line of studio reference monitors – the Aktiv 05 and Aktiv 08.
Replacing the nEar05 / 08 eXperience range, the Aktiv 05 and Aktiv 08 feature a kevlar driver, as opposed to the paper and polypropylene drivers used in comparable speakers.
- 2-way powered speaker / active studio monitor speaker
- 5" or 8" kevlar curved cone as low frequency driver
- 1" silk dome tweeter as HF driver
- Aktiv 05 output power: 60W (HF 30W, LF 30W)
- Aktiv 08 output power: 90W (HF 30W, LF 60W)
- Aktiv 05 frequency response: 50Hz - 20kHz
- Aktiv 08 frequency response: 40Hz - 20kHz
- Magnetically shielded for desktop operation without electronic interference
- Input connections: XLR / TS1/4" combo connector, balanced / unbalanced input
The ESI Aktiv monitors are sold as single units with the following RRPs:
- Aktiv 05: £109.00
- Aktiv 08: £155.00
For full product details, visit www.timespace.com/esi.


Buzzed Over Steakhouse Dead
Steakhouse from Houston meat masters fizzles: Chef plans New Orleans-style cafe instead
Looks like another vaporware restaurant has gone up in smoke. With a series of tweets Thursday night, Hubcap Grill owner Ricky Craig put the final nail in the coffin of CK's Steakhouse, his planned joint venture with Ronnie Killen.
Brain storming a name for my new concept to open on 19th st next to Hubcap. Just me, myself, and I. Eatery/patio-lounge coming soon— Ricky Craig (@Hubcap_Grill) June 27, 2014
My new concept on 19th st will be old world style / New Orleans style. Just simple honest good food and craft beer & wine. Garden patio— Ricky Craig (@Hubcap_Grill) June 27, 2014
Reached for comment, Craig tells CultureMap that "I've waited patiently for a year . . . the last time I talked to (Killen), he said if I couldn't wait he understood. I can't go on 'a chance.'"
"News to me," Killen responded via text when asked for comment. "He's opening a new place in Kemah. Oh well."
With Killen reportedly working with Reef chef/owner Bryan Caswell on a venture known as the Montrose Meat Market that would feature Killen's barbecue, Craig says he's decided to move forward with a lease and option to purchase the CK's property, which is next to his Hubcap location on 19th Street. He adds that Hubcap is debt-free, which gives him the freedom to pursue the project now. "It's all my money," he says.
The concept would have brought together two of Houston's foremost meat masters, but permitting issues and other delays pushed back CK's. In the meantime, Killen opened a barbecue joint that's been one of 2014's hottest newcomers, and Craig is set to open Hubcap's third location in Kemah as soon as next week.
Craig declined to reveal too many of his plans for the new concept, although he did tweet that he's considering New Orleans-style cocktails, a patio and sandwiches like muffulettas and po-boys. Asked about whether he plans to bring back his celebrated pasta sauce from his parents' former restaurant Craiganale's Italian Deli Cafe, he responds affirmatively. "The pasta sauce and meatballs are already on the menu, (along with) oxtails and pork neck bones. But that's on the weekly dinner specials."
Craig has a space, a menu and the money to make it happen. Whatever it's called, sounds like this new restaurant is definitely happening.


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domain: finance


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Let my past be dissolved.
Let it slowly run off my body like caked blood in a hot shower. The indulgence in lust, and greed, and sloth. The sadism. The masochism. The trauma I have given and received. Let the present be my only weight. Let it be small in mass, but heavy in the sacred.
Let me carry the present with reverence and thanksgiving.

domain: literature


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How are climate change and children’s rights connected?
Children’s ability to achieve and exercise their rights can be disrupted by changes in their natural environment caused by climate change. Their rights to clean water, nutritious food, access to school and good health can be affected by climate change. This guide has been created to support secondary school educators in their efforts to work with youth to take action on climate change. UNICEF Canada collaborated with GreenLearning and Canadian teachers to update and adapt this resource for children.
Guide for students: Climate Change, Children and Youth: Local Connections to Global Issues (Grades 9-12)
Through the thought-provoking activities in this guide, students will have the opportunity to nurture their compassion and discover how climate change is affecting children around the world, especially children and communities in vulnerable countries and emerging economies. The activities will support your students in their efforts to affect meaningful and lasting change and inspire them to take action at a local level.
For your ease, we have broken the guide into individual guides by theme.
What is UNICEF Canada doing to save the lives of children affected by climate change?
UNICEF works with global partners to ensure that children and youth are priorities in international policies on environmental sustainability and climate change. UNICEF supports the vital role of children and youth in creating environmental and climate solutions. UNICEF also mobilizes governments and the private sector to strengthen their environmental sustainability practices to improve the lives of children on the frontlines of climate change and environmental degradation.
Read more about what UNICEF Canada is doing to save the lives of children affected by climate change.

domain: sociology


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BFF Bread - Best, Fast, and Fabulous Bread
DHF Bread - Dear Husbands Favorite Bread
FFE Bread - Fantastic Fast Easy Bread
But whatever you call it it's easy, fast and fabulously good bread (EFFG Bread)
3 cups bread flour*
3/4 teaspoon yeast
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
1 1/2 cups water, tap water, lukewarm
In a large bowl stir together dry ingredients, add water and stir to mix. You're just stirring to get all the flour incorporated into the water. The dough will be sticky.
Cover with plastic wrap and let stand on the counter for 8 to 18 hours.
(this stood overnight - it is all bubbly and yeasty smelling - that's a good thing)
Use spatula and stir down. Remove from bowl to a floured parchment paper (you could use floured wax paper as well). Shape with floured hands into a ball on the parchment and let stand for 30 minutes.
While that is resting heat your oven to 450 degrees. Heat your baking dish right in the oven too.
(I normally use a cast iron pan it's a deep pan, but I have used a glass round casserole dish too.)
when the 30 minutes is up place your bread paper and all into your hot pan. Cover and bake for 30 minutes, uncover and bake 5 to 15 minutes more depending on your oven. I bake 8 minutes uncovered to get a beautiful golden brown loaf.
* You could use all-purpose flour as well. If you do I would add 1 tablespoon of vital wheat gluten.
This is a wonderful loaf of bread. And so very fast and easy. It takes a max of 5 minutes to stir the dough up. I leave it over night to be baked in the morning or stir it up in the morning to be baked to go with supper. My DH loves this bread and asks for it often. My kids like it as do the grand-kids. What an easy crowd pleasing recipe.
a little bird

domain: hobby


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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity
Neutrophils Affect IL-33 Processing in Response to the Respiratory Allergen Alternaria alternata
- 1Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 2Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- 3Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 5Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Future precision medicine requires further clarifying the mechanisms of inflammation in the severe endotypes of chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The presence of neutrophils in the airways is often associated with severe airway inflammation, while their precise contribution to the severe inflammation is largely unknown. We aimed to study the role of neutrophils in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice exposed to Alternaria alternata (Alt). The mice were exposed to Alt extract for twelve hours or ten days to induce allergic airway inflammation. C57BL/6 mice exposed to Alt responded with eosinophilic infiltration and the characteristic IL-5 upregulation. In contrast, the inflammatory response to Alt extract in BALB/c mice was characterized by a neutrophilic response, high levels of G-CSF, and elastase in the lungs. The lack of neutrophils affected the processing of IL-33 in BALB/c mice, as was demonstrated by depletion of neutrophils through intraperitoneal injections of anti-Ly6G antibody. Our data identifies the key role of neutrophils in airway inflammation through IL-33 cleavage in the Alt-induced airway inflammation in mice, which could potentially underline the different endotypes in human disease.
Severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps remain the most severe and often uncontrolled extremes of type 2 inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways (1, 2). Type 2 inflammatory responses are characterized by the production of cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, secreted by classic Th2 cells; and by innate immune cells, such as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. IL-33, an IL-1 family cytokine and typically linked with type 2 inflammation was associated with reduced sensitivity to corticosteroid therapy in asthmatic children and the animal models of asthma (3–5). In severe asthmatics, the levels of IL-33 are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung biopsies and correlate negatively with lung function (5). IL-33 is released by airway epithelial cells during their activation or passively released during cellular damage (6, 7). The IL-33 receptor (ST2, IL1R1) is expressed by a wide variety of immune cells, including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, Th2 cells, ILC2s, and epithelial cells, and is becoming a valuable target for the treatment of IL-33 driven diseases (8). Genetic and environmental factors are being extensively studied to estimate their role in the pathophysiology and development of disease endotypes in asthma and CRS (9). Four independent cohorts [Lifelines, Dutch Asthma GWAS (DAG), Genetics of Asthma Severity and Phenotypes (GASP), Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (MAAS)] and resequencing data have shown that IL-33 genetic signals potentially contribute to severe phenotypes in asthma (10). Severe and corticosteroid-resistant endotypes of asthma are often characterized by high neutrophil counts in sputum, increased levels of IL-33, the formation of neutrophilic traps and activation of the inflammasome (11–15). A recent study has shown that children with severe refractory asthma demonstrate neutrophilia in the bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF) and a strong Th17 and Th1 cytokine response (16). Also, a longitudinal study over three years in asthmatic patients showed that the baseline sputum inflammatory phenotype with high eosinophils and neutrophils numbers didn’t change over time and could predict the reduction in lung function (17). Upon allergen challenge, IL-33 is released as a full-length form with limited biological activity, further processed by secreted endogenous proteases. The proteases regulating the activity of IL-33 may be released from activated mast cells (chymase, tryptase, and granzyme B) and neutrophils (cathepsin G, elastase, and proteinase 3) (18). The proteolytic cleavage of IL-33 in its activation domain results in the generation of shorter “mature” forms of IL-33 that are at least 10-30 fold more potent than full-length IL-33 in the induction of type 2 inflammation and activation of ILC2s and Th2 cells (19–21). It has been suggested that the protease activity of Alt plays an important role in the proteolytic cleavage of IL-33FL into a shorter mature form (IL-33103-270) (22, 23). In mice, the cleaved form of IL-33 is more potent to induce secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 by ILC2s and IL-6 and IL-13 by MC/9 mast cells than IL-33FL and leads to increased eosinophilia in lungs and BALF (22). The regulation of IL-33 activity is a complex process, as in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the activity of the human and murine neutrophilic proteases cathepsin G and elastase may cause the generation of active mature forms of IL-33 (18, 24). Therefore, we hypothesized that neutrophils might play an important role in the regulation of IL-33 activity, which may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of inflammation in severe airway disease. In the current paper, we have used Alt extract to induce airway inflammation in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, showing a different inflammatory response to Alt and observed that the induced asthma endotype is linked to different IL-33 processing in vivo. To study the relative contribution of neutrophils, anti-Ly6G neutralizing antibodies causing neutrophil depletion were injected into the mice, and inflammatory parameters along with cytokine profile were studied.
Material and Methods
Mice Experimental Procedures
All experimental procedures in mice were approved by the local Ethical Committee of Ghent University. Animals had access to food and water ad libitum and were kept in a 12-hour/12-hour light/dark cycle. Seven-weeks old female BALB/c or C57BL/6J wild-type mice (Janvier, Saint-Berthevin, France) were used in the study. Mice were lightly anesthetized with isoflurane/air (Ecuphar, Breda, The Netherlands) when receiving applications. For the acute model of airway inflammation, one intratracheal (i.t.) application of 20 µg of Alt extract (Stallergenes Greer, London, UK) in 50 µl PBS or 50 µl PBS alone (ThermoFisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) was given to the mice. Twelve hours after the application, the mice were euthanized with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 150 µl Dolethal (Vétoquinol, Lure, France). For the Alt-induced asthma model, mice were first sensitized with an i.t. application of 5 µg Alt extract in 50 µl PBS or 50 µl PBS and seven days later, mice were challenged every day for three times with 20 µg Alt extract in 50 µl PBS or 50 µl PBS as earlier described (25). Mice were euthanized twenty-four hours after the last application. For neutrophil depletion experiments, mice received an i.p. injection of 100 µg anti-Ly6G, clone 1A8 (BioXCell, New Hampshire, USA) or 100 µg isotype control antibody, clone 2A3 (BioXCell) in 200 µl PBS twenty-four hours before the 20 µg Alt extract (11).
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
Murine lungs and BALF were analyzed by flow cytometry using the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences, Erembodegem, Belgium). Murine BALF was collected by flushing the airways as described before (26) and perfused lungs were enzymatically digested using 1 mg/ml collagenase type II (Worthington Biochemical, New Jersey, USA) at 37°C for one hour. The following antibodies were used: purified CD16/CD32 (clone 93), CD11c-PE-Cy7 (clone HL3), CD11b-PerCP-Cy5.5 (clone M1/70) and Gr1-FITC (clone RB6-8C5) were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific and Siglec F-PE (clone ES22-10D8) from Miltenyi Biotec (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). The LIVE/DEAD Fixable Near-IR Dead Cell Stain Kit from ThermoFisher Scientific was used to exclude dead cells. The gating strategy is presented in Supplementary Figure 2.
Murine lungs were homogenized with the TissueLyser LT (Qiagen, Antwerp, Belgium). T-Per Tissue Protein Extraction Reagent and HALT protease inhibitor cocktail kit (ThermoFisher Scientific) were used. 25 μg total protein of lung homogenate was loaded to a 4 – 15% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Stain-Free Gels (Bio-Rad, Temse, Belgium). The proteins were separated by sodium-dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad). For immunostaining, the primary antibody anti-mouse-IL-33 (R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Abingdon, UK) and secondary antibody anti-goat-horseradish peroxidase (HRP, Vector Laboratories, California, USA) were used, together with anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, Bornem, Belgium) and anti-mouse-HRP (ThermoFisher Scientific). The visualization was performed with Immobilon Western Chemiluminescence HRP substrate (Merck Millipore, Massachusetts, USA) and measured with the Chemidoc system (Bio-Rad). The band intensities were semi-quantitatively analyzed with Fiji (National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA) by measuring the area under the peak.
Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue was cut at 4 µm. The sections were stained for goblet cells using the Periodic Acid-Schiff kit (Sigma-Aldrich) conform the manufacturer’s instructions. The number of positive cells in the larger airways, with a perimeter of 600 to 2000 μm, were counted and normalized to the perimeter of airways measured using ImageJ software.
Murine IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-25, IL-33, G-CSF and GM-CSF were measured in lung homogenates using the Mouse Magnetic Luminex assays (R&D Systems) conform the manufacturer’s protocol. Mouse TSLP and elastase were measured with the Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems). Murine cathepsin G and proteinase 3 were measured with ELISA (Aviva, London, UK).
Data analysis was performed with Prism 9 (GraphPad, California, USA). The normality of the data was tested with a D’Agostino & Pearson test. Normally distributed data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s test as correction for multiple comparisons, while not normally distributed data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test with a Dunn’s test as correction for multiple comparisons. Data analysis was performed with Prism 9 (GraphPad, California, USA).
The Differential Innate Response of BALB/c Mice and C57BL/6 Mice to Alt Extract
After a single intratracheal (i.t.) application of Alt extract (Figure 1A), BALB/c mice showed significantly higher numbers of total BALF cells compared to PBS-treatment (Figure 1B). The BALF of C57BL/6 mice mostly contained eosinophils (Figure 1C), while BALB/c mice responded with a neutrophilia (Figure 1D). As expected, the neutrophilic inflammation in BALB/c was accompanied by an upregulation of G-CSF (Figure 1E) in the lungs 12 hours after the Alt treatment, consistent with the function of G-CSF in promoting the recruitment of neutrophils from the bone marrow after airway allergen challenge (27, 28). Remarkably, both mouse strains showed a fast upregulation of IL-5 in the lungs after the Alt treatment (Figure 1F). However, there was a trend towards higher production of IL-5 in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice in response to Alt. The levels of lung IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-25, GM-CSF were either not detectable or not different from the PBS group in both mouse strains (Figures 1G, H or data not shown). IL-33 protein also showed a fast upregulation in both mouse strains after treatment with Alt, as IL-5 (Figure 1I). In BALB/c mice, the cleaved mature form of IL-33 (IL-33M; ~ 18 kDa) was significantly more pronounced in the lungs, while in C57BL/6 mice also full-length IL-33 (IL-33FL; ~ 30 kDa) was present (Figures 1J, K). The different processing of IL-33 between the strains was suggestive for a role of neutrophilic proteases in cleavage of IL-33FL in BALB/c mice, as the elastase levels in the lungs of BALB/c showed a significant increase when treated with Alt extract (Figure 1L). The neutrophilic proteases cathepsin G and proteinase 3 could not be measured with the used ELISA kits (data not shown).
Figure 1 Innate response to Alternaria alternata (Alt) extract. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were given one intratracheal application of 20 µg Alt extract or PBS. Twelve hours after the application, the mice were euthanized, and samples were collected (A). The total cell count (B) and eosinophils (C) and neutrophils (D) detected with flow cytometry in BALF are shown. The levels of G-CSF (E), IL-5 (F), IL-4 (G), IL-13 (H) and IL-33 (I) were measured in the lung homogenates and with Luminex. Full-length IL-33 (IL-33FL) and cleaved, mature forms (IL-33M) were analyzed by western blotting and one representative blot is shown (J). The area under the peak (A.U.P.) was quantified using ImageJ software (K). n=4-11. The levels of elastase protein in lung homogenates is shown in (L). Data is presented as mean ± SD, *P < 0.0332; **P < 0.0021.
Differential Immune Response in C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice Persists After Multiple Sensitizations With Alt Extract
To test if the mice would keep the differential inflammatory pattern after multiple applications, mice were sensitized i.t. with 5 µg of Alt extract and then challenged with 20 µg of Alt extract i.t. on days 7, 8, and 9 (Figure 2A). In contrast to a single Alt application, the total BALF count was especially upregulated in C57BL/6 mice treated with Alt (Figure 2B). The numbers of eosinophils (Figure 2C) and neutrophils (Figure 2D) were upregulated in both mouse strains after Alt treatment. However, eosinophils were significantly higher in case of C57BL/6 mice, while the BALF of BALB/c mice had significantly higher numbers of neutrophils after the Alt treatment. Goblet cells were significantly increased in BALB/c mice and showed a trend for increase in C57BL/6 mice after Alt treatment compared to PBS (Figures 2E–I). IL-4 was significantly increased in the lungs of BALB/c mice, while IL-5 showed a significant upregulation in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice after Alt treatment (Figures 2J, K). The cytokine IL-13 was upregulated in the lungs of both mouse strains after Alt treatment (Figure 2L). G-CSF protein levels in the lungs were not different between the groups, however, a trend for upregulation in BALB/c mice after Alt could be observed (Figure 2M). The levels of GM-CSF, IL-17, and TSLP were below detection level in the lungs of mice exposed to PBS or Alt extract, while the levels of IL-25 were not different between the groups (data not shown). IL-33 protein levels were higher in the lungs of BALB/c mice after Alt treatment, and a trend for an increase in C57BL/6 could be observed (Figure 2N). On western blot, IL-33FL was more abundant in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice compared to BALB/c mice (Figures 2O, P). The levels of neutrophilic elastase show a trend for an increase in BALB/c treated with Alt extract compared to PBS treatment, but not in C57BL/6 mice (Figure 2Q).
Figure 2 BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with one intratracheal (i.t.) application of 5 µg Alternaria alternata (Alt) extract or PBS. On days 7, 8 and 9 the mice were challenged i.t. with 20 µg Alt extract or PBS. Twenty-four hours after the application mice were euthanized, and samples were collected (A). The total cell count (B), eosinophils (C) and neutrophils (D) in BALF determined by flow cytometry. Quantification of goblet cells in the larger airways (E) and representative images of PAS-staining for the groups BALB/c – PBS (F), BALB/c – Alt (G), C57BL/6 – PBS (H) and C57BL/6 – Alt (I). The levels of IL-4 (J), IL-5 (K), IL-13 (L), G-CSF (M) and IL-33 (N) were analyzed in lung homogenates by Luminex. Full-length IL-33 (IL-33FL) and mature forms (IL-33M) were analyzed by western blotting and area under the peak (A.U.P.) was quantified using ImageJ software (P). One representative blot is shown (O). Elastase protein levels in the lungs are shown in (Q). n=3-5. Data is presented as mean ± SD, *P < 0.0332; **P < 0.0021; ***P < 0,0002; ****P < 0,0001.
Neutrophils Could Control the Immune Response to Alternaria via IL-33 Cleavage in BALB/c Mice
Since BALB/c mice showed a more prominent neutrophilic response, we investigated the regulatory role of neutrophils in the innate phase of Alt-induced asthma. BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with anti-Ly6G neutralizing antibodies or an isotype control antibodies prior to a single i.t. application of Alt extract (Figure 3A). The injection of neutralizing antibody lead to a decrease in the total BALF cell number and a trend for a decrease of eosinophils in the BALF (Figures 3B, C). It resulted, as expected, in the reduced numbers of neutrophils in the BALF (Figure 3D). Neutrophil depletion did not affect the levels of cytokines with the exception of IL-33 (Figures 3E and Supplementary Figures 1A–D). The western blot indicated a significant decrease of mature IL-33 (Figures 3F, G) after neutrophil depletion. As expected, a significant drop in neutrophil numbers in the lungs of anti-Ly6G injected BALB/c mice induced a strong significant reduction of neutrophilic elastase after one application of Alt (Figure 3H).
Figure 3 BALB/c were given one i.p. injection of 100 µg anti-Ly6G antibody or IgG2a isotype control (Iso). After 24 hours, they received one i.t. application of 20 µg Alternaria alternata (Alt) extract or PBS. Twelve hours later the mice were euthanized, and samples were collected (A). The total cell count (B), eosinophils (C), neutrophils (D) in BALF determined by flow cytometry. IL-33 protein levels (E) and one representative western blot to detect full-length IL-33 (IL-33FL) and cleaved forms (IL-33M) (F) with quantification of area under the peak (A.U.P.) (G) are shown. Elastase protein levels, measured by Luminex, in the lung are presented (H). Next, BALB/c mice were first sensitized with one i.t. application of 5 µg Alt extract or PBS. On days 7, 8 and 9 the mice got challenged by i.t. applications of 20 µg Alt extract or PBS. Twenty-four hours before each i.t., an i.p. of 100 µg anti-Ly6G antibody clone 1A8 or IgG2a isotype control clone 2A3 was given. Twenty-four hours after the last application mice were euthanized, and samples collected: the total cell count (I), eosinophils (J) and neutrophils (K) in BALF were analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantification of goblet cells in the larger airways (L) and representative images of PAS staining for the groups Alt + Iso (M) and Alt + anti-Ly6G (N). The levels of IL-33 (O) in the lung homogenates were analyzed by Luminex. One representative blot for IL-33 western blotting (P) in the lungs is shown with quantification of A.U.P. (Q). Finally, the level of elastase in lung homogenates, determined by Luminex (R). n=3-9. Data is presented as mean ± SD, *P < 0.0332; **P < 0.0021; ***P < 0,0002; ****P < 0,0001.
To test the role of neutrophil depletion in the sensitization and challenge stage of allergic inflammation, mice were treated with Alt extract as described above. Twenty-four hours before each challenge with Alt mice were injected with anti-Ly6G antibody (Figures 3I–R). The total cell number and the number of eosinophils was significantly reduced in BALF of mice treated with anti-Ly6G antibody (Figures 3I, J). We do not exclude that about 10% of the depleted eosinophils express Ly6G+ and therefore could also be affected (29). The depletion of neutrophils was complete in the BALF of BALB/c mice treated with anti-Ly6G antibody (Figure 3K). The levels of G-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the lungs were not different to the isotype control group (Supplementary Figures 1E–H), as were the elevated numbers of mucus producing Goblet cells, that were not affected by anti-Ly6G treatment (Figures 3L–N). A trend to reduced total IL-33 levels in the lungs was seen after neutrophil depletion, however, it didn’t reach significance (Figure 3O). Importantly, western blot has demonstrated a significant reduction of the cleaved form of IL-33 in mice exposed to Alt in the absence of neutrophils compared to controls, consistent with the reduced number of inflammatory cells in the airways of mice injected with anti-Ly6G antibody (Figures 3P, Q). Neutrophil depletion led as expected to a significant decrease of neutrophilic elastase in the long-term protocol (Figure 3R). These observations suggest a role for neutrophilic proteases in the regulation of IL-33 in type 2 immune responses to Alt.
Activation of airway epithelium with allergens including Alt extract often causes severe asthma attacks and results in the release of several alarmins including IL-33, IL-25, GM-CSF, TSLP which orchestrate the downstream type 2 immune response (30, 31). It has been thought that in mice, Alt induces exclusively type 2 biased immune responses by initiating the release of IL-33 and activating ILC2s and Th2-cells in the airways (11, 30). Due to sensing of the allergen through the proteinase-activated receptor 2 receptor, the cells release ATP, which leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the subsequent rapid active release of IL-33 (30, 32). Our study has shown that C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice have significant amounts of IL-33 in the lungs after i.t. application of Alt extract. However, we demonstrated a different cleavage pattern of IL-33FL. Namely, in C57BL/6 mice both IL-33FL and IL-33M were upregulated. Interestingly, Alt exposure in BALB/c lead to the cleavage of IL-33FL resulting in the exclusive presence of IL-33M in the lungs. Likewise, mice sensitized and challenged with Alt extract had a similar IL-33 cleavage patterns with significantly lower levels of IL-33FL in the lungs of BALB/c mice, associated with neutrophilic infiltration. In contrast to the paper by Cayrol et al. (22) showing that IL-33 could be proteolytically cleaved by allergens, including Alt, our study stresses the role of the endogenous regulation of IL-33 activity (33). The proteolytic cleavage of IL-33 is an important regulatory mechanism in allergic airway inflammation and a balance between protease and protease inhibitors is crucial for this regulation. Moreover, endogenous serine protease inhibitors could play a role in the regulation of IL-33 activity by acting on endogenous proteases (34). Cellular proteases from mast cells and neutrophils were shown to change the activity of murine IL-33 and influence the outcome of the inflammatory response (19, 24). Activated neutrophils release the proteases cathepsin G, elastase and proteinase 3 simultaneously into the extracellular space (18). The activity of IL-33 was shown to be robustly increased when full-length murine IL-331-266 gets cleaved in vitro by elastase or cathepsin G, generating the shorter forms IL-33102-266 and IL-33109-266, while proteinase-3 activates or inactivates the cytokine in vitro, dependent on incubation times and the concentrations of other neutrophilic proteases present (18, 24, 35). We have shown that neutrophils could contribute to the regulation of IL-33 processing in vivo in an Alt-induced asthma model. Depletion of neutrophils in vivo by an i.p. injection of anti-Ly6G antibodies in BALB/c mice resulted in the significant decrease of elastase, next to the significant reduction of IL-33M after i.t. Alt applications. This suggests the role of neutrophilic proteases in the regulation of IL- 33 activity. Remarkably, the IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels were not affected by neutrophil depletion, possibly indicating the role of ILC2 in the Alt exposed mice as described earlier (36). The presence of the mucus-producing cells was as a result also not affected. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-33 is a key cytokine induced by allergens triggering eosinophilic inflammation (7, 25, 26). Our current study suggests that neutrophils could control allergic immune responses at its innate and adaptive stage and contribute to the processing of IL-33FL. In contrast, the study by Patel et al. has shown that neutrophils restrain allergic airway inflammation by limiting ILC2 function and dendritic cell antigen presentation in HDM-induced asthma in BALB/c mice (11).
We have demonstrated that Alt extract elicits two distinct inflammatory endotypes at innate immune response stages in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Twelve hours after Alt exposure, C57BL/6 mice showed an eosinophilic type 2 biased airway inflammation. On the contrary, BALB/c mice showed a neutrophilic influx in the BALF, increased G-CSF levels and a specific IL-33 cleavage pattern in the lungs. BALB/c mice already showed increased G-CSF levels in the lungs at six hours after a single application with Alternaria, while IL-33 and IL-5 levels were not different between the strains (data not shown). Remarkably, this initial innate response persisted after multiple Alt challenges. During sensitization and challenge phases, C57BL/6 mice showed increased levels of IL-5 and a stronger eosinophilic inflammation, while BALB/c mice did not. On the contrary to C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice showed higher levels of neutrophils.
The strain specific difference in mice has been noted before. The ovalbumin treated C57BL/6J mice have a massive influx of eosinophils and neutrophils in the airways, while BALB/c only showed a modest to weak response (37). At the same time airway responsiveness was more increased in BALB/c mice compared to C57BL/6J (37, 38). House dust mite treated C57BL/6J mice showed a more robust inflammatory response, higher airway eosinophilia, type 2 cytokines and IgE levels than BALB/cJ mice, but a lower airway responsiveness (39). This is not surprising since the genetic analysis using a mouse tool has demonstrated that these strains are different in more than 7000 unique mutations (40). Our study shows the importance of the choice of mouse strains as outcomes, such as IL-33 and neutrophil/eosinophil influx, can be different after the challenge with the same allergen. It also suggests that early innate immune response might dictate an immunological bias at the later stages of airway disease. The differential cleavage pattern in C57/BL6J and BALB/c mice could be explained by differential expression of endogenous serine protease inhibitors (serpins), which play a crucial play a role in the regulation of IL-33 activity (33, 34).
In conclusion, in the current study we extend our knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of IL-33 in the airway inflammation. Our study demonstrates that different inbred mouse strains become a useful tool for studying the endotypes of inflammatory airway diseases with BALB/c mice showing a mixed inflammatory response characterized by neutrophilic inflammation and typical type 2 cytokine profile. The use of different mouse strains is a largely underestimated tool that could offer more insights in understanding the complex interactions of immune cells occurring during chronic airway inflammation in human patients. Neutrophils play a crucial role in control of allergic type 2 immune response towards Alt extract and affect processing of IL-33FL in the lungs.
Data Availability Statement
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
The animal study was reviewed and approved by Ethical Committee of Ghent University.
OK designed and performed experiments, analyzed data and wrote the original draft. SN performed experiments, analyzed data, wrote the manuscript. JO, GH, NZ, HB, and NR performed experiments and analyzed the data. TM and HB provided analysis tools and revised the manuscript. CB supervised the study, provided analysis tools, and revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
The study has been supported by FWO grant 3G065319 to CB and OK, and FWO grant 3G041819 to TM. SN is a doctoral fellow paid by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders - Strategic Basic Research (3S035019).
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.677848/full#supplementary-material
Supplementary Figure 1 | BALB/c were given one i.p. injection of 100 µg anti-Ly6G antibody or IgG2a isotype control (Iso). After 24 hours, they received one i.t. application of 20 µg Alternaria alternata (Alt) extract or PBS. Twelve hours later the mice were euthanized. Levels of G-CSF (A), IL-4 (B), IL-5 (C) and IL-13 (D) were analyzed via Luminex measurements in lung homogenates. Next, BALB/c mice were first sensitized with one i.t. application of 5 µg Alt extract or PBS. On days 7, 8 and 9 the mice got challenged by i.t. applications of 20 µg Alt extract or PBS. Twenty-four hours before each i.t., an i.p. of 100 µg anti-Ly6G antibody clone 1A8 or IgG2a isotype control clone 2A3 was given. Twenty-four hours after the last application mice were euthanized, and samples collected. Levels of G-CSF (E), IL-4 (F), IL-5 (G) and IL-13 (H) were analyzed in lung homogenates with Luminex. n=3-9. Data is presented as mean ± SD, *P < 0.0332; **P < 0.0021; ***P < 0,0002.
Supplementary Figure 2 | Gating strategy used for flow cytometry to analyze of eosinophils and neutrophils. First, the subset of viable cells is gated through live/dead staining. Next, cells are gated for the CD11c- population. From this subset, eosinophils are defined as CD11b+, SiglecF+ and neutrophils as SSClow, CD11b+, Gr1+.
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Keywords: allergy, protease, type 2 inflammation, elastase, asthma
Citation: Van Nevel S, van Ovost J, Holtappels G, De Ruyck N, Zhang N, Braun H, Maes T, Bachert C and Krysko O (2021) Neutrophils Affect IL-33 Processing in Response to the Respiratory Allergen Alternaria alternata. Front. Immunol. 12:677848. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677848
Received: 08 March 2021; Accepted: 19 July 2021;
Published: 17 August 2021.
Edited by:Sonja Vermeren, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Reviewed by:Marco A. Cassatella, University of Verona, Italy
Henry J. McSorley, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2021 Van Nevel, van Ovost, Holtappels, De Ruyck, Zhang, Braun, Maes, Bachert and Krysko. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Olga Krysko, firstname.lastname@example.org
†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship

domain: health


text:
Oatmeal White Chocolate Peppermint Cookies
November 29, 2018
Ohio food blogger A Cedar Spoon's Oatmeal White Chocolate Peppermint Cookies are full of holiday sweetness. These cookies mix together oats with white chocolate chips, peppermint M&Ms and crushed cane along with peppermint extract. Santa is going to love these cookies!
- Yields: 32 cookies
Feel free to mix up the candy as you like. I really enjoyed the white chocolate peppermint M&Ms but they also make a wide variety of holiday M&Ms.

domain: food


text:
- Why does my husband hide his phone?
- How can I see what my wife is doing on her phone?
- Is snooping wrong if you find something?
- Should you ever check your partner’s phone?
- How do I stop going through my husbands phone?
- How do I stop the urge to Snoop Dogg?
- Is it illegal to take your spouse’s phone?
- Why does my partner hide things from me?
- Is snooping ever OK?
- Why snooping is a bad idea?
- Why does my girlfriend check my phone?
- Is snooping in a relationship wrong?
- Should I confront my girlfriend about text messages?
- Why does my boyfriend always check my phone?
- How would I know if my boyfriend is cheating on me?
- What does snoot mean?
- What does snooping mean?
- Why you shouldn’t go through your child’s phone?
- Is snooping illegal?
- What is the opposite of snooping?
Why does my husband hide his phone?
A husband who hides their phone has something to hide.
However, while it could mean infidelity or other inappropriate behavior, it could also be they are planning a special getaway or present for you.
There needs to be other suspicious behavior before deciding something inappropriate is happening..
How can I see what my wife is doing on her phone?
Fortunately, there are multiple ways you can track your wife’s phone. However, the most reliable way is through a phone monitoring app. The best phone tracking app should be able to track iPhone and Android smartphones. Best of all, these lets you track everything that goes in and out of her phone secretly.
Is snooping wrong if you find something?
That said, even if you find something, snooping is never really considered acceptable. It is an invasion of privacy that is based on your personal opinion of the person you are snooping–that you can’t trust them. If they are innocent, they will feel that they, now, cannot trust you with their privacy.
Should you ever check your partner’s phone?
Experts suggest that going through your partner’s phone might mean you are feeling insecure in your relationship or thinking your partner is hiding something from you. While snooping on his phone might momentarily seem like a good idea but it only creates problem in the long run.
How do I stop going through my husbands phone?
Relationship Advice: How to Stop SnoopingTalk to Your Partner. If you do have a reason to be suspicious, talk to your partner instead of going through his things behind his back. … Press the Pause Button. … Avoid Snooping Situations. … Previous Findings.Nov 21, 2013
How do I stop the urge to Snoop Dogg?
So, instead of snooping and causing more distrust, here is what to do instead:Talk about your fears. Be direct and share with him or her that you have feelings of suspicion rather than sleuthing around. … Slow down. Sometimes, snooping can be habit forming. … Change behavior. … Trust.Jan 4, 2019
Is it illegal to take your spouse’s phone?
Phone: Case Details: Under Federal law, you are not permitted to view, read or listen to any communication on someone else’s phone or electronic device. … There is case law where spouses have actually been charged criminally when snooping through a spouse’s phone for proof of an affair.
Why does my partner hide things from me?
“If someone is hiding something, this can be a way to avoid intimacy with you or distract from suspicion.” If your partner is engaging in these suspicious habits, it may be time to have a serious conversation and find out whether or not they are being fully honest with you.
Is snooping ever OK?
The long and short of it: No, it’s generally not OK. It’s a violation of your partner’s privacy and a breach of trust ― not to mention, it’s often unproductive: You might find nothing and then feel like a jerk for snooping. You might find something small and innocent and blow it out of proportion.
Why snooping is a bad idea?
“Snooping on your partner may lead them to believe you doubt their ability to be faithful and make the right decisions,” says Rhonda Richards-Smith, LCSW, a psychotherapist and relationship expert. “If your partner believes you lack faith in them, this can lead to an even deeper communication breakdown.”
Why does my girlfriend check my phone?
She may be doing this because she feels insecure with you for some reason. You may need to talk with her to assure her that she is the only one that you love intimately. You can even ask her about any past disappointments, betrayals etc. that has caused this behavior.
Is snooping in a relationship wrong?
There is no such thing as innocent snooping. “The hard truth is that there is never a positive outcome from snooping; it can only hurt,” relationship coach Jase Lindgren tells Bustle. When you snoop, there is a “fundamental problem,” Lindgren says, which is that you don’t trust your partner. Well, clearly, yes.
Should I confront my girlfriend about text messages?
But rather than confront her (you can’t) about the texts you should tell her you feel insecure and if you can work it out, great. Otherwise you should go look for someone you feel secure with and resolve to never look at her texts.
Why does my boyfriend always check my phone?
If your partner prefers checking your phone behind your back over actually talking to you, this might be a sign that they’re just not mature enough to be in a relationship. They can explain their behavior this way — they just want to know who called you and that’s all, no jealousy.
How would I know if my boyfriend is cheating on me?
Is my boyfriend cheating? Signs he’s cheating on you:Your intuition. … Things don’t add up. … You’re not invited to work dos any more. … He’s over-attentive. … He gets irritated quickly. … He accuses you of cheating. … He’s a changed man. … He’s hotter than ever in bed.More items…•Jan 29, 2021
What does snoot mean?
1a : snout. b : nose. 2 : a grimace expressive of contempt. 3 : a snooty person : snob.
What does snooping mean?
/snuːp/ to look around a place secretly, in order to discover things or find out information about someone or something: People were sent out to snoop on rival businesses. She’s the sort of person you can imagine snooping about your room when you’re not there.
Why you shouldn’t go through your child’s phone?
In fact, it can lead to a host of unwanted consequences, like building mutual distrust between you and your children. It can backfire and encourage them to try even harder to hide risky behavior because they know you’re looking for it. Yet, surveys say it’s quite common for parents to digitally snoop on their kids.
Is snooping illegal?
Under federal law, electronic snooping may be considered computer fraud, computer and information theft, or cyberterrorism, violations of which could result in felony charges. … In some states, these actions can be considered violations of privacy rights or fall under the purview of anti-stalking laws.
What is the opposite of snooping?
Opposite of engaged in a furtive attempt to find out information about someone’s private affairs. incurious. uninterested. uncurious.

domain: psychology


Bolt cutters are versatile cutting tools that can quickly and easily break through tougher materials, such as metal bolts, pipes, and chains. They work by using two powerful jaws to grip the object being cut, then applying immense force to snap it in two. It makes bolt cutters an essential tool for emergencies where you need to gain access quickly or for any situation where you need to cut through certain tough materials.
#1 Select the Appropriate Bolt Cutter
When choosing a bolt cutter, it is important to consider the intended use. There are different types of cutting blades for bolt cutters, including angle cut, center cut, shear cut, and clipper cut blades. Each type of blade is designed for specific uses; therefore, it is crucial to select the right one based on the material that needs to be Cut.
In addition to selecting The correct blade, it’s also important To choose a Bolt Cutter Of an appropriate size. Bolt cutters are usually available in different length sizes. The size is measured from the tip of the jaw to the end of the handle. If a bolt cutter is too small, it will not have enough leverage to cut through tougher materials.
#2 Adjust the Cutters
After selecting the appropriate bolt cutter, it is now time to adjust the cutters. To adjust the cutters, follow the steps below.
STEP 1: To adjust the cutters, start by loosening the respective bolts on each side of the cutter.
STEP 2: Next, turn one of the bolts clockwise to cause the cutting edges at the tip to move closer together. Conversely, turning the bolt counterclockwise will cause them to move further apart. Always keep an eye on your blades as you make these adjustments.
STEP 3: Ultimately, you’ll want to achieve a balance between having too much blade exposure and not enough; too little exposure will result in duller blades, while too much-exposed metal can lead to dangerous situations where The blades may slip out of place or break entirely.
#3 Position the Cutter
When using bolt cutters, the blades’ positioning will depend on the type of cutter and the material being cut. For an angle cut, the head is angled for easier insertion. The most common angles are 25 to 35 degrees. A centre cut has its blades from opposite faces meeting in the middle, creating a more even cutting surface often used with harder materials.
A shear cut has its blades inverted in relation to each other (similar to regular scissors). Shear cuts work well with thinner sheets. Finally, a clipper cut has its blade flush against one face of the cutter – this can be helpful when cutting against a flat surface.
#4 Apply Pressure And Cut
Now that the bolt cutter is in position, it’s time to cut. For best results, grip the handles tightly and evenly with both hands close to the pivot point. Straighten your arms and apply pressure until the blades go through the cutting material.
Bolt cutters are used to cut through tougher materials. When choosing a bolt cutter, it is important to consider its intended use and select the appropriate blade type. It is also important To choose a Bolt Cutter Of an appropriate size; too small and it will not have enough leverage, while too large can make maneuvering difficult.
To use them, you need to adjust the cutter’s jaws depending on the thickness of the object you’re trying to cut. Then, apply equal pressure with both hands close to the pivot point of the cutter. With practice, using a bolt cutter correctly will become easier.


text:
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text:
Health & Food
Could red wine be the key to long life?
BOSTON (KABC) -- Red wine has long been touted for being heart healthy, but could a glass of wine actually lead to a longer life?
Researchers at the Harvard Medical School conducted a study on mice where they looked at the effects of a beneficial compound found in red wine called resveratrol.
The researchers fed mice a high fat diet and gave half of the subjects a large daily dose of resveratrol. Both sets of mice gained weight but the ones who received resveratrol had better glucose and insulin levels in their bloodstream.
More importantly, the mice who were given resveratrol lived months longer than the mice who were just on high fat diets.
Unfortunately for wine aficionados, the researchers believe it would be nearly impossible to replicate the same effects in humans because it would take 750-1,500 bottles of wine for a 150-pound person to receive the same dose of resveratrol given to the mice.
medical research, health, health & food
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- Telefon & PDA
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Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1, is the world’s thinnest tablet, measuring 8.6 mm thickness, running with Android 3.0 Honeycomb OS on a 1GHz dual-core Tegra 2 processor, similar to its younger brother Samsung Galaxy Tab 8.9. Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1..
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text:
27/08/2014 – El Diario
On July 22nd, the Official State Bulletin (or BOE) informed about the call for proposals for plot ‘Granada-Cavanilles‘, sold by Madrid’s Metro. The 18.500 square meter piece of land is located in the center of the capital (in the south of the Retiro park) and it houses the subway‘s central premises.
The auction attracts attention due to the downtown location of the plot, where there are more no vacant parcels left. Conditions of the bidding were called ‘the blind try’ among the experts from the sector as considerable part of the payment will be conveyed ‘in kind’, materialized through construction of new headquarters for Metro. With the tiny detail that neither the cost, nor the project will become known before the auction.
Another thought-provoking aspect of the sale is the reason why Metro de Madrid is actually selling the plot. The company justifies it as follows: ‘green areas will be given to the public at the expense of land which is today underused by the subway.‘ However, official documents indicate that only 3.210 square meters out of the 18.500 put up for sale (around 17%) will be intended for green areas, while office buildings will occupy over 40% of the plot.
According to terms of reference issued by Metro, bids can be submitted until October 22nd. Asking price is €28.8 million.
As mentioned before, the purchase will be sealed both in cash and in kind. The latter means construction of the new headquarters on the land in the Canillejas neighborhood. ‘Estimated budget for the investment reaches €20 million and the project will have to be adopted as the winner‘s own‘.
Sources from the sector say: ‘it seems Metro wants to keep 90% of the bidders away from the auction. The more, that the firm clearly states that the candidates must provide it with specific job classification certificates, including ‘earthworks, drilling, large concrete constructions and high-voltage installations”, to name just few.
Finally, the Engine Shed (la Nave de Motores), a cultural heritage site from 1919 situated on the land for sale next to the Metro de Chamberi station, has been ommitted in the terms of reference document.
Original article: El Diario (by Antonio Ruiz del Árbol)
Translation: AURA REE


text:
Zion National Park is located in southwestern Utah and is known for its rivers, canyons, and red sandstone cliffs. The park attracts about 4 million visitors per year and is one of the most popular national parks in the United States.
Is Zion National Park Safe? Yes, Zion National Park is safe. There are some safety concerns and risks associated with hiking in Zion National Park, but the park has many safety precautions and programs in place to help keep visitors safe.
What Are The Biggest Dangers At Zion National Park?
Zion National Park is one of the most popular national parks in the United States. A visit to Zion National Park is an opportunity to experience stunning scenery, hike through majestic red rock canyons, and learn about the area’s rich history and culture. However, there are also some dangers that visitors should be aware of before they head out on the trail. In this blog post, we’ll discuss some of the biggest dangers at Zion National Park and how to avoid them.
One of the biggest dangers at Zion National Park is the terrain. The park is full of steep cliffs, narrow canyons, and slippery rocks. If you’re not careful, it’s easy to fall and injure yourself. In addition, the park is home to some dangerous wildlife, including rattlesnakes, mountain lions, and bears. If you encounter any of these animals, it’s important to stay calm and avoid making sudden movements.
Another big danger at Zion National Park is the weather. The park is located in a desert, so the temperatures can get extremely hot during the summer months. If you’re hiking, be sure to bring plenty of water and take breaks often to avoid heat exhaustion. In addition, thunderstorms are common in the summer, so it’s important to be aware of the forecast and take shelter if necessary.
These are just a few of the dangers that you may encounter while visiting Zion National Park. In the following sections, we’ll discuss each of these dangers in more detail and provide tips on how to avoid them.
Is Zion National Park Safe At Night?
When exploring any national park at night, it is important to be aware of the dangers that come with low visibility and more wildlife out and about. Zion National Park is no different. Here are some specific dangers to be aware of when hiking in Zion National Park at night:
- Flash floods are a real danger in canyons, so avoid hiking in them at night
- It can be easy to get lost, so be sure to stick to well-lit and well-marked trails
- Be aware of wildlife, especially mountain lions and snakes, which are more active at night
Is It Safe To Go Alone To Zion National Park?
There are many factors to consider when deciding whether or not to hike alone, and in some cases, it can actually be safer to hike alone than with a partner.
One factor to consider is the location of the hike. Zion National Park is a popular hiking destination for many people, and it is known for its beautiful scenery and challenging trails. However, the terrain in Zion National Park can be very difficult, and there are often steep cliffs and drop-offs. This can make it dangerous to hike alone, as it is easy to lose your footing and injure yourself. Zion National Park is also home to many different types of wildlife, including bears, mountain lions, and snakes. These animals can pose a serious threat to hikers, and it is important to be aware of them when hiking in the park.
If you do decide to hike alone in Zion National Park, there are a few things you can do to increase your safety. First, make sure to tell someone where you are going and when you expect to be back. This way, if something happens to you, someone will know where to look for you. Second, hike during the day and avoid hiking after dark. This will decrease your chances of encountering wildlife and make it easier to see where you are going and avoid getting lost. Finally, be sure to bring a map and compass with you, and know how to use them. This will help you if you get lost, and it can also help you find your way back if you take a wrong turn.
Hiking is a great way to explore the outdoors and get some exercise, but it is important to be safe when doing it. If you are considering hiking alone, be sure to consider all of the factors involved and make sure you are prepared.
Is It Safe To Drink Water In Zion National Park?
It’s no secret that hiking and spending time in nature can be thirsty work. When you’re out in the wilderness, it’s important to stay hydrated and drink plenty of water. But what do you do when you’re miles away from a tap or running water? In Zion National Park, the water is generally safe to drink, but you should know a few things before you take a sip.
Untreated water in the wild can contain harmful bacteria and parasites that can make you very sick. Drinking contaminated water can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and even death.
It’s always best to purify your water before drinking it, no matter where you are. There are a few different ways to purify water, and the method you choose should be based on your situation and water quality. Boiling water for at least one minute is the most foolproof way to purify water, but it’s not always practical in the backcountry. If you can’t boil your water, you can purify it using a water filter or purification tablets.
So, is it safe to drink water in Zion National Park? Yes, but it’s always best to purify your water before drinking it, no matter where you are. Boiling water for at least one minute is the most foolproof way to purify water, but it’s not always practical in the backcountry. If you can’t boil your water, you can purify it using a water filter or purification tablets.
The Wildlife Of Zion National Park
One of the best things about Zion National Park is all of the incredible wildlife you can see. There are over 800 species of animals that call Zion home, so you’re sure to see some fascinating creatures while you’re here. Some of the most common animals you may encounter include:
- Mule deer
- Rock squirrels
- Big horn sheep
- Mountain lions
While most of the wildlife you’ll see in Zion is harmless, there are a few animals that can be dangerous if you’re not careful.
Mountain lions are the largest predator in Zion National Park. They’re mostly nocturnal, so you’re unlikely to see one during the day. If you do see a mountain lion, do not approach it. Give it space, and do not turn your back on it. If it does attack, fight back with whatever you have.
There are two types of bears in Zion National Park: black bears and grizzly bears. Both types of bears are dangerous and should be avoided. If you see a bear, do not approach it. Give it space, and do not turn your back on it. If it does attack, fight back with whatever you have.
There are a few different types of snakes in Zion National Park, but the only one that is venomous is the rattlesnake. If you see a snake, do not approach it. Give it space, and do not turn your back on it. If it does attack, fight back with whatever you have.
Hiking Safety Tips For Zion National Park
Zion National Park is a hiker’s paradise. With its red cliffs, slot canyons, and waterfalls, it’s no wonder that Zion is one of the most popular national parks. But as beautiful as it is, Zion can also be dangerous. Every year, people get injured or even killed while hiking in Zion. Here are some tips to help you stay safe while hiking in Zion National Park.
- Be aware of your surroundings. Zion is a wilderness area, and there are dangers that come with that. There are cliffs you could fall off of, flash floods, snakes, and other wildlife. Pay attention to where you are and what you’re doing.
- Don’t hike alone if you’re inexperienced. Zion is a big place, and it’s easy to get lost. Hiking with a friend or group will help you stay safe and will make the hike more enjoyable.
- Be prepared. Zion is a desert, and it can be extremely hot, even in the shade. Make sure you have plenty of water and sunscreen. Wear comfortable shoes and dress in layers. It’s also a good idea to have a map of the area.
Zion National Park is also home to one of the scariest and deadliest hikes in the United States called “Angel’s Landing.” Angels Landing is a 5-mile hike that takes you up to 1,500 feet in elevation. But there are a few sections on this trail that get steep and narrow very fast. There have been an estimated 15 fatalities on Angels Landing alone since the 1900s.
In conclusion, Zion National Park is a safe place to hike and explore. However, there are a few precautions to take when visiting the park. First, be sure to hike with a partner. Second, be sure to tell someone where you are going and when you expect to return. Third, be sure to pack plenty of water and food. fourth, be sure to wear appropriate clothing and footwear. Lastly, be sure to follow all park rules and regulations. By following these simple precautions, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable visit to Zion National Park.

domain: travel


text:
There were an estimated 43,900 excess deaths in England and Wales during the winter of 2014–15, the highest since 1999, the Office of National Statistics has said.
Respiratory disease such as influenza was thought to be responsible for more than a third of excess winter deaths in 2014–15.
According to the World Health Organisation, influenza, a viral infection affecting the airways and lungs, can lead to complications including pneumonia.
Pneumonia accounted for 19% of excess winter deaths in 2014–15.
An increase in cases of influenza was reported in the same period after a mismatch between the strain people were vaccinated against and the strain that circulated, Public Health England said.
The peak of excess deaths in the week leading up to 5 January followed a peak in influenza-like illness the previous week.
Public Health England considered this mismatch to be anomalous and encouraged people to continue to get vaccinated against influenza.
"Throughout the last decade, there has generally been a good match between the strains of flu in the vaccine and those that subsequently circulated, the PHE flu plan for 2015/16 says. "Flu vaccination remains the best way to protect people from flu.
"It is crucial the problem that occurred in the winter 2014/15 does not discourage people in at-risk groups from having flu vaccination this coming flu season."
The ONS report found that the number of excess deaths rose when the temperature dipped.
While mortality generally peaks during January, the number of deaths at this time for 2014–15 was notably higher than in previous years.
The highest number of deaths occurred on 1 January 2015, and then remained at 30% above average until 10 January. The number of excess deaths was at 10% above average until March, when the numbers began to decline, before returning to figures in line with the five-year average.
“These appalling figures are a national scandal," Labour's shadow health secretary, Heidi Alexander, said. "They show that tens of thousands of older people are dying unnecessarily in Britain today."
Alexander blamed government cuts to social care leading to older people being left without the help they need to stay healthy in their own homes.
"With the NHS facing its most difficult winter in a generation," she said, "ministers need to get their heads out of the sand and ensure older people are properly supported over the coming months.
"Many of these excess deaths are caused by people living in homes that are too cold, and alongside action on social care, the government needs to gets serious about tackling fuel poverty.
"Home insulation has fallen by 80% under the Tories and is set to be cut back even further. Older people should not have to choose between heating and eating."
Laura Silver is a reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in London.
Contact Laura Silver at email@example.com.
Got a confidential tip? Submit it here.


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PDPM: A World Where Nursing & Therapy Are the Unlikely Heroes
What if the silver lining for PDPM is a more collaborative partnership between Nursing and Therapy? Two clinical experts from Nursing and Therapy will lock elbows to focus on how very unique interdisciplinary initiatives can ultimately drive PDPM success! Focus will be on “Complimentary Clinical Programming” – that can be implemented today – to optimize care coordination, documentation and coding practices that will serve to best prepare your team for PDPM. Amidst an almost crippling nursing shortage -- PDPM will put exponential pressure on Nursing. And while Therapy has traditionally relied on Nursing documentation to support rehab-driven reimbursement, this trend will reverse under PDPM. This discussion promises to redefine what it means to succeed under PDPM and shine a new SPOTLIGHT on what you should expect from your Therapy team in 2019 and beyond! Join us for an interactive, provocative and energetic dialogue on the many changes and challenges on the horizon. Be inspired by a solutions-oriented approach to: reducing stress on nursing; driving performance outcomes for ongoing initiatives (e.g.: VBP, QAPI, QRP); optimizing PDPM-related processes (e.g.: coding, documentation) -- to ultimately impact your facility’s bottom line.
Kristy Yoskey, MOT, OTR/L, RAC-CT, Senior Vice President of Clinical Strategies, HealthPRO Heritage
Kristy is a seasoned health care reform expert with a dynamic approach to advising providers within the post-acute care industry. As a solutions-oriented leader and consultant, she meets the challenges of a rapidly changing health care environment with innovative clinical and financial strategies. With a heavy focus in discharge navigation across the continuum, Kristy helps clients from pre admission to post discharge as well as implementation of evidence based clinical care paths. With more than 10 years of experience in rehab management, Kristy has worked with dozens of clients to optimize operational efficiency, clinical program development, and compliance integrity. Kristy has presented in several regional markets to share up-to-date information and insights as well as her thought- provoking approach to meeting the challenges of health care reform initiatives. Her philosophy encourages proactive communication, open collaboration, and honest dialogue regarding safe care transitions and outcomes.
•This continuing nursing education activity was approved by the Ohio Nurses Association Approver Unit, an accredited approver by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s commission on Accreditation.
•1.5 Contact hours will be awarded for this continuing nursing education activity. Criteria for successful completion include attendance for the entire event and submission of the evaluation form.
Continuing education certificates will be awarded ONLY to those who attend the live presentation.
When: Oct 29, 2020 12:00 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada)
Topic: H. PDPM: A World Where Nursing & Therapy Are the Unlikely Heroes
Please click the link below to join the webinar:
Or iPhone one-tap :
US: +13017158592,,83819031837#,,,,,,0#,,850111# or +13126266799,,83819031837#,,,,,,0#,,850111#
Dial(for higher quality, dial a number based on your current location):
US: +1 301 715 8592 or +1 312 626 6799 or +1 646 558 8656 or +1 253 215 8782 or +1 346 248 7799 or +1 669 900 9128
Webinar ID: 838 1903 1837
International numbers available: https://us02web.zoom.us/u/kMnRBPLw

domain: medical


‘Golden Berry, Pigeon Berry’
USES: Native to USA (Florida) & Brazil. Erect to spreading, bushy shrub. Leaves are elliptic to ovate and grow up to 7.5 cm long and 3.5 cm broad. Green color flowers are in tight clusters, located on terminal and axillary stems. Grows well in winter.
SIZE: Grows to 3m tall with a 3m spread at a rate of 50-60 cm p/a.
LOCATION: Full sun in coastal areas to light partial shade in the desert areas. Direct sea wind or hot, dry desert wind may cause leaf burn.
SOIL: Best in an organically enriched fertile soil with a pH 6.1 – 7.5, mildly acidic to neutral.
FERTILISER: Apply a slow release 14:14:14 NPK in spring and autumn.
WATER: Keep soil moist. Drought tolerant for short periods. Sensitive to fluorides.


text:
USDCAD spot rate: 1.3255 - 1.3260 (as at 8:15am PST)
Technical Support / Resistance:
Key Economic Data Releases:
- U.S. Philadelphia Fed manufacturing survey: 25.7 (exp 22.0 / prev 19.9)
- U.S. initial jobless claims: 207,000 (exp 220,000/ prev 215,000)
- U.S. leading index: 0.5% (exp 0.4% / prev 0.2%)
Date Canada U.S.A.
Retail sales, CPI
Existing home sales
Market manufacturing / services PMI
New home sales, crude oil inventory change
Durable goods orders
GDP Q2, Core PCE, consumer sentiment
Yesterday, USDCAD climbed from 1.3195 up to 1.3261 before falling to 1.3160. The broad-based USD strength witnessed in the Asian and London sessions was erased during yesterday's North American session. USD weakness continued in Asian trade today on the back of much stronger than expected Australian job gains (+50,900 vs. exp 17,000). USDCAD dipped from 1.3180 down to 1.3157 accordingly. The trend changed sharply heading into the London session with broad-based USD strength taking USDCAD back up to 1.3246. A combination of weak UK retail sales data and upbeat U.S. data (jobless claims data near a 50 year low) has the USD holding gains into the North American session this morning. USDCAD has re-tested yesterday's 1.3260 high followed by a pull-back to 1.3225 as oil prices surged $2 to $70/barrel on comments from Saudi Arabia that they do not intend to boost supply levels this month while planning to decrease supply in August. USDCAD has since bounced back to session highs. Currently, the TSX is up 0.50% while the DJIA is down 0.26%. EURCAD is up 0.40% trading between 1.5310 and 1.5403 – near 2 week lows. GBPCAD is up 0.10% trading between 1.7169 and 1.7244 – near 2 month lows. JPYCAD is up 0.70% trading between 0.01166 and 0.01175 – near 2 month lows. Gold is down 0.80% trading between $1,211 and $1,228USD/oz., silver is down 1.70% trading between $15.17 and $15.57USD/oz., while oil is up 1.50% trading between $67.89 and $70.13 – near 1 week highs.
Sources: Reuters, Bloomberg, FXStreet, RBC Capital Markets, Bank of Canada, U.S. Federal Reserve, CNBC, Forexlive, CME Group