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Cantering along the beach was awesome. Wish I could do more of that. Anyone know where would be some great places to go riding at?
I've been away for 2 weeks and have lots of scrapping catching up to do. I have some deadlines to meet and will also be visiting your blogs soon.
Before I went on my holiday I was busy creating Christmas ornaments. Here's one I created using Basic Grey's Jovial collection for Your Scrapbook Stash. Lots of punch-outs, tedious gluing and finally topped off with my hand-dyed seam binding.
For lots more Christmas ideas, do visit the YSS gallery. And speaking of Your Scrapbook Stash, Erica's announced her all-new Design Team for 2011. Read all about it here: New YSS DT Congrats ladies! You'll have a fantastic time on the YSS DT.

domain: artistic


Democrats are expected to reveal two articles of impeachment against President Trump on Tuesday that will focus on the abuse of power and obstructing Congress and would be voted on by the full House next week, according to three officials intimate with the matter.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) met with Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler (D-N.Y.) and other committee chairmen Monday night after a nine-hour hearing in which a Democratic counsel set out the party’s case against Trump. The three officials, speaking on the situation of anonymity to address the private talks, advised that the plan had not been settled.
Leaving a meeting with Pelosi, House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Eliot L. Engel (D-N.Y.) told reporters that he and the chairmen of other House committees would announce specific articles of impeachment at a news conference at 9 a.m. Tuesday.
Under the current plan, the Judiciary Committee would vote on the articles Thursday, according to two people intimate with the matter, setting up a floor vote next week.


The New York Times published an article by Cary Sherman entitled "What Wikipedia Won't tell you" that puts another spin on the issue:http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/opinion/what-wikipedia-wont-tell-you.html
The article itself has lots of great points (to my surprise) but the user comments are excellent and give you an idea of how complex the problem really is. Neil Young commented on an interview recently that the internet is like the new "pirate radio"; it's where you hear/see all the cool stuff that the networks won't pay for.
As creators of performance-based intellectual property (music), I think we have to ask ourselves if our real value is in what we have done (or someone recorded us doing) or what our accomplishments prove we are capable of. How do the things I've done get people out to see me today and, maybe, get a hard copy of some new unreleased material.
I think we have to remember that it's not the consumers fault that it's WAY easier to just copy files from friend than to buy them. Other than a fear of, maybe, breaking the law (depending on where the file came from, it might be perfectly legal to make as many copies as you like) and supporting the team/artist, there is a dis-incentive to doing-the-right-thing.


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WWF’s secret war
In wildlife parks around the world, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) funds, equips, and works directly with paramilitary forces that have been accused of beating, torturing, sexually assaulting, and killing scores of people, a yearlong investigation by BuzzFeed News has found. This reporting blows open the untold story of collateral damage in WWF’s secret global war — you can read it all here. Make more work like this possible by becoming a BuzzFeed News member here.
Trump mocked immigrant members of Congress and said “some hate our country”
The president made the remark in a rambling two-hour speech at the Conservative Political Action Conference. He added, “we can name every one of them if they want.” Some in the crowd shouted the the name of Minnesota Rep. Ilhan Omar, who immigrated to the US as a teenage refugee from Somalia.
Meanwhile: An anti-Muslim poster that linked Omar to the 9/11 attacks was displayed during a celebration of West Virginia’s Republican Party, and it led to chaos.
Trump promoted his Scottish golf course in a tweet about foreign policy, prompting ethics concerns. The former director of the office of government ethics called it the president’s “most explicit commingling of personal interests and public office to date.”
UK Prime Minister Theresa May’s team is already plotting a third “meaningful vote” on her Brexit deal. Senior figures in May’s team privately fear she will lose an upcoming second vote and are gaming whether they can secure a majority at a third attempt.
A man who was trapped in the snow for five days told police he survived on taco sauce. Jeremy Taylor was trapped in his car for days after an intense snow storm. Before a snowmobiler found him, he said he survived by eating Taco Bell sauce packets he found in his car.
Two sisters, ages 5 and 8, with survival training were found alive in the wilderness after rescuers tracked their granola bar wrappers. After a 44-hour search, the girls were found dehydrated and cold but not injured. They stayed put and drank fresh water from huckleberry leaves. They were found huddled together under a bush.
Lady Gaga fans are spreading a fake Starbucks scam to get “Shallow” to #1. The scam suggests the coffee company will give customers a free beverage voucher if they send a screenshot of themselves listening to the song. Spoiler: Starbucks doesn’t care if you’re listening to “Shallow.”
Parents shouldn’t fear Momo. They should fear how little they understand YouTube.
Last week, we talked about the Momo Challenge, which is more or less a hoax that grew more realistic as parents and teachers (and yes, journalists) put it in the spotlight.
It’s unclear how many Momo videos exist, if they’ve caused kids to take action, and just how widespread the phenomenon is. But the panic Momo caused created a feedback loop where trolls circulated more videos, causing more confusion among nonsavvy users.
All of this highlights a greater point: Parents don’t understand YouTube. Here’s how one expert put it: “If you take kids to the park and you stand three feet away from them, you should stand three feet away while they’re on YouTube.”
From the opinion pages: Joan Donovan, a technology and social change expert, said Momo is a morality tale, and the target audience is parents who leave their kids alone with the algorithms.
This math professor looked after a baby when his student couldn’t find a sitter
This is one of the stories that puts an instant smile on your face.
Nathan Alexander teaches math at Morehouse College, an all-male historically black institution in Georgia.
On Friday, one of his students, Wayne Hayer, came to class with his baby girl, Assata. Hayer couldn’t find a baby sitter.
That’s when Alexander offered to hold the baby so that Hayer could “take better notes in class.” The professor then proceeded to teach the whole class while holding the baby.
A fellow classmate shared the encounter, and as you can imagine, it has gone viral and lifted so many people’s hearts. Here’s what Alexander looked like while teaching with the baby:


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- Chicago-based Archer Daniels Midland said it received “voluntary document requests” from the Department of Justice after disclosing an internal probe into certain accounting practices on Jan. 21, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing Tuesday.
- The agricultural commodity giant also said the DOJ “directed grand jury subpoenas to certain current and former company employees,” according to details contained in its annual 10-K filing.
- The news comes on the heels of the company placing CFO Vikram Luthar on administrative leave in January, pending an internal probe by outside counsel and the board’s audit committee in connection with certain accounting practices related to its nutrition reporting group and certain intersegment transactions.
ADM’s statements on the DOJ’s involvement confirm previous media reports of a DOJ probe into the company’s accounting practices, signaling potentially broadening scrutiny. The company, which had previously declined to comment on the alleged DOJ matter, cited “government investigations” in a release Tuesday in which it said it was continuing to cooperate with the DOJ and SEC.
The company also provided updates regarding its ongoing internal investigation in the Tuesday release, saying it corrected certain intersegment sales and that it has developed what it called a remediation plan to “enhance the reliability of its financial statements with respect to the pricing and reporting of such [intersegment] sales.”
The ADM release asserted that the adjustments have no impact on the company’s consolidated balance sheets and earnings and stated that the “adjustments are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements taken as a whole for any period.”
At issue are intersegment sales historically disclosed in footnotes at amounts approximating market values, the company said in the release. The company identified and corrected certain sales transactions between its Nutrition and Ag Services and Oilseeds and Carbohydrate Solutions reporting segments that were not recorded at “amounts approximating market.”
The company’s 10-K annual report, filed after a roughly two month delay stemming from its internal investigation, also included an unfavorable opinion from its public accounting firm, Ernst & Young, regarding its internal control over financial reporting.
“We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023…and our report dated March 12, 2024 expressed an adverse opinion thereon,” the opinion reads.
EY’s finding was not altogether a surprise, as the company warned March 1 that it expected to report the material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting.
Still, Seth Goldstein, an analyst with Morningstar Research Services who follows the company, called the adverse opinion “fairly unusual.” Goldstein noted in an email that typically auditors are frequently consulted when developing accounting practices, such as recording intersegment revenue.
Despite the news of the subpoenas and investigations, ADM shares rose 3.9% to close at 57.06 Tuesday. Morningstar retained its $60 fair value estimate value on the shares following the news and ADM’s fourth quarter report.
“In my view, shares are up as the market is reacting to ADM being done with the restatement and results not being worse than ADM originally reported. While the SEC and DOJ investigations are still ongoing, ADM being able to file its 10-K is a positive sign that the impact to the company was limited,” Goldstein said.
For the fourth quarter ended Dec. 31 the company reported GAAP segment operating profit of $1.23 billion, down 23% from the year-earlier period.
In an earnings call Tuesday morning, ADM CEO Juan Luciano struck a positive tone on the progress of its internal investigation, but declined to take comments on the matter.
“Throughout this process, we have continued to operate the business and drive our strategic priorities forward,” he said. “While our internal investigation is substantially complete, we continue to cooperate with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice, and we hope you understand that we will not be taking questions related to these matters on the call today.”
A company spokesperson also declined comment.
Editor’s note: This story was updated to include additional information including comments from an analyst and the company’s CEO.

domain: economics


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Lodha Group is developing Palava City in Dombivali on Kalyan Shil Road. The city is divided into 3 phases and will be completed by 2025. Phase 1 is comprising of 250 acres and 4 cluster. Casa Bella, Casa Bella Gold, Casa Rio and Casa Rio Gold are the 4 clusters in Phase 1. They are completed and handed over to the residents. Now Lodha Group is developing Phase 2 and it will be completed by 2018. Later they will develop Phase 3 and complete it by 2025. Already 2500 families are staying in Casa Bella and Casa Bella Gold. Lodha Group is expecting more 18000 families to live here by the next year since the possession of Casa Rio and Casa Rio Gold is given out on a monthly basis.
To support such a large population everything has to work fine. Systems like Water , Electricity, Security, Travel has to work well to support the residents. Lodha Group has been starting various initiatives on a regular basis to support the residents. Lodha Easy lease, Creaches, Market, Medical facility, etc are started by Lodha Group. Now Lodha Group has started bus service to nearby stations from Palava City. The buses are called as Eco Drive buses since it runs on CNG gas which is environment friendly. The buses leave residents to nearby stations like Dombivali, Thane and Kopar Khairne. The buses runs at a frequency of 15 minutes to and fro from these stations. The bus service is exclusively available for Palava residents. Anyone can alight the bus at the various bus stops in Palava City. The bus service is free till Kalyan Shil road. But to go to nearby station the bus charges are nominal. Further Lodha Group is will start bus service to areas like Dadar and Borivali in the near future.
Lodha Group is expecting more than 1 lakh population in Palava City in the next two years. So in order to support such a large population the bus service should be very efficient and modern technologies should be used in it. All busses in Palava City are equipped with modern technologies like GPS, fire fighting system, CCTV camera, etc. The bus service will be the backbone of this futuristic city. The city will be one of the top 50 city to live in by 2025. Everything in the city has been carefully implemented to maintain that class.


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The George Washington University (GW) School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) recently announced a new name for its enterprise, the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine.
Margaret M. Plack EdD, DPT, may finally find the time to develop new skills unrelated to higher education or pediatric physical therapy (PT).
A $1 million gift from Ulvi M. and Reykhan Kasimov seeks to advance development of a new technique that uses RNA transcript levels to identify biomarkers in the blood stream, which can help detect active infections in the body.
Congratulations to Andrew Choi, MD ’08, on his award recognizing his leadership for the American College of Cardiology Mid-Atlantic Capital Cardiology Symposium.
Patients with dermatologic conditions are open to trying medical cannabis products as potential treatments, according to a new study from George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences and University of Maryland researchers.
The George Washington University (GW) School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) and the GW Medical Faculty Associates (MFA) have established a new, centralized Office of Clinical Research (OCR) that will serve as a go-to resource for all faculty and staff involved in clinical research at the…
The George Washington University (GW) School of Medicine and Health Sciences celebrated faculty members who recently were granted Emeriti Faculty status, earned promotions or tenure, or who reached significant service milestones at the school.
Mandi Pratt-Chapman, PhD ’20, associate center director for patient-centered initiatives and health equity at the George Washington University (GW) Cancer Center and associate professor of medicine at the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, was awarded one of three 2021 National…
At the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Clinical Congress 2021, Anton N. Sidawy, MD, MPH ’99, professor and Lewis B. Saltz Chair of the Department of Surgery at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, was elected to the position of chair of the ACS Board of…
Donald S. Karcher, MD, professor of pathology at the George Washington University (GW) School of Medicine and Health Sciences and chief of Flow Cytometry at the GW Medical Faculty Associates, has added another title to his roster: president-elect of the College of American Pathologists.

domain: medical


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BME100 f2016:Group6 W8AM L4
|BME 100 Fall 2016|| Home |
Lab Write-Up 1 | Lab Write-Up 2 | Lab Write-Up 3
Lab Write-Up 4 | Lab Write-Up 5 | Lab Write-Up 6
Course Logistics For Instructors
Wiki Editing Help
LAB 4 WRITE-UP
HEATED LID: 100°C
INITIAL STEP: 95°C for 2 minutes
NUMBER OF CYCLES: 25
FINAL STEP:72°C for 2 minutes
FINAL HOLD: 4°C
Research and Development
PCR - The Underlying Technology
Functions of components in a PCR reaction:
During the PCR reaction one strand of the DNA acts as the template, guideline, for producing a complimentary strand of DNA. The primers then match to the beginning and end of the DNA sequence that is going to be replicated. The Taq polymerase, an enzyme, finds and attaches itself to a primer and then pairs the complimentary deoxyribonucleotides to the DNA strand. The deoxyribonucleotides (dNTP's) are the individual components that build DNA sequences, such as adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Once the deoxyribonucleotides pair with their compliments on the DNA template, the template DNA is transformed into a completely replicated DNA sequence.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to generate copies of a single strand of DNA, requiring a test tube, a few reagents and a source of heat. During the initial step, which lasts 3 minutes and occurs at 95°C, the double helix structure of DNA prepares and begins to separate to create two single-stranded DNA templates. During the next 30 seconds, at the same temperature, the DNA strands completely separate during the denature step and move further away from each other. Immediately following the separation of the DNA strand, for 30 seconds at 57°C, the primers attach to each strand of template DNA at the beginning and end of the sequence which is going to be replicated. During the anneal, the step in which the primers attach to the template DNA, the primers must attach before the single stranded DNA templates can pair up again. The next step, extend, is held at 72°C and occurs during the next 30 secs. During this time, the Taq polymerase, an enzyme, attaches to the primers and adds complimentary deoxyribonucleotides to the template DNA strand. In the final step, which continues for 3 minutes at 72°C, the Taq polymerase continues to pair the nucleotides with their compliments on the DNA template until the enzyme detects the second primer, stopping replication. During the final hold, which occurs at 4°C, replication is completed and the new strands are cooled to prevent them from splitting prior to the start of the next replication cycle.
The four molecules, called nucleotides, which make up DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). Through hydrogen bonding, each nucleotide is able to stick to its complimentary nucleotide in a process known as base-pairing. The base-pairs are A-T, T-A, C-G, and G-C. During thermal cycling, base-pairing occurs during the anneal and extend steps. In the anneal step, the primer must use base-pairing to correctly identify where to attach within the DNA sequence. Once the taq polymerase has attached to the primer, the primer and polymerase must use base-pairing to pair nucleotides with their complimentary nucleotides on the template DNA. Once the primer and polymerase reach the second primer, there is no longer a need for base-pairing and the extend step is finished.
SNP Information & Primer Design
Background: About the Disease SNP
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is the variation of a single nucleotide in a specific DNA sequence. A SNP can have very severe effects on the central dogma of a cell, disrupting the production of the correct protein needed for a specific cellular process. In this particular investigation the SNP being looked at is rs35530544, which is associated with several different heart conditions including bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia and other complications that can lead to sudden death. This particular SNP is located in the ANK 2 gene within chromosome 4 in humans. With the SNP, rs35530544, the single nucleotide cytosine is replaced with adenine creating the codon ATC instead of the normal CTC. This replacement causes affects the protein produced.
Primer Design and Testing
Using the National Center of Biotechnology (NCBI) database online it was possible to search for the SNP rs35530544. The database provided a lot of useful and important information regarding the SNP including the location, the organism it is found in, the chromosome as well as other useful information that can help design the appropriate primer. A DNA primer is a short strand of DNA that is needed for DNA replication. Primers initiate the DNA replication process by providing some of the nucleotides necessary for the process to begin. The database allows you to zoom in the particular section where the SNP is located and even shows the nucleotides associated with the surrounding area of the SNP. This tool was very useful in designing the forward and reverse primers as well as the disease primers.
After designing the primers by using the NCBI database the primers were verified on UCSC In-Silico PCR website. The non disease primers coded and worked on the UCSC In-Silico PCR website because it is known sequence while the disease primers did not because of the mutation within the DNA sequence.

domain: chemistry


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HeatGear Armour is Under Armour's original performance baselayer—the one you put on first and take off last. So we made it extra comfortable by wicking sweat and stretching so you can move no matter what.
- HeatGear fabric is ultra-soft & smooth for extreme comfort with very little weight
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- Material wicks sweat & dries really fast
- Ergonomic flatlock seams for added comfort & mobility
WAIST: Measure around your natural waistline. Be careful not to squeeze too tight to allow give.
HIPS: With your feet shoulder width apart, measure around the fullest part of your hips to ensure you will have enough room to move comfortably.
|Size||Chest (IN)||Waist (IN)||Hips (IN)||Height (IN)|
|X-Small||25-26||23 - 24||26 - 27||47 - 50.5|
|Small||26-27||24 - 25||28.5 - 31||51.5 - 55|
|Medium||27-29||25 - 27||28 - 31||53 - 59|
|Large||29-32.5||27 - 30||31 - 34||59 - 65|
|X-Large||32.5-35.5||30 - 33||34 - 37||65 - 70|


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In 2016, well before the pandemic, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas found that the gap between those with broadband access and those without – often called the digital divide – “leads to further economic, social and political disparities for low-income and underserved populations.”
Even in urban areas with accessible broadband, many households still don’t subscribe to the service. Brownsville, Harlingen and Beaumont ranked in the top 20 of the National Digital Inclusion Alliance’s 2019 list of worst-connected cities. Texas’ vast rural areas are especially underserved. As of 2016, only 69 percent of rural Texans could access high-speed internet. Many of the barriers to expansion in Texas concern the state’s size, varying population densities and even its terrain.
This digital divide has serious implications:

domain: sociology


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Study with us in London
Find out what makes London such an exceptional place to be a student.find out more
The BMus with Integrated Foundation Year 0 provides an opportunity for talented applicants to receive funding for a pre-BMus year of training within a higher education, conservatoire environment, thus preparing them for successful study on the BMus.
The Foundation Year 0 is designed for aspiring musicians who wish to develop their musical skills and techniques through a dedicated programme of study rooted in studio or practice-based activity.
By the end of five years of professional training, you will have an established individual musical identity underpinned by strong technique and musicianship. You will have developed keen awareness of a range of performing practices and traditions as required by the contemporary music profession. You will have the opportunity to develop supplementary musical skills and knowledge which will enhance your employability and support you in entering the career pathway of your choice. There is an emphasis on learning through practical activities in all elements of the programme.
|Year of Study
Modules (Foundation Year):
Group Music Making focuses on the core technical and artistic training required for instrumental and/or vocal group work at foundational level. The module is designed to foster the nascent skills and musicianship of individual learners to provide a secure foundation for the study of group music making on the BMus programme.
Students learn through a combination of small-group tuition and rehearsals, non-directed and directed group work, departmental classes, and visits from guest artists. All foundation students participate in the annual CoLab festival, and department-specific directed and non-directed group work.
Dance-Film-Narrative is a module that is designed to find artistic ways for composers to engage with issues surrounding composition for other art forms, in particular contemporary dance and film.
At foundation level, this module is designed to introduce the relationship between narrative and abstraction in music and how these help other art forms to function. The module will provide an overview of key movements in contemporary dance, explore contrasts between musical trends in Hollywood and other film genres, as well as considerations of theatre, performance art and gaming.
At foundation level, this module also includes participation in the annual CoLab festival.
This module introduces students to a range of academic skills in order to prepare them for study on a BMus programme. Students will develop their abilities to examine and compare historical sources, and learn how to analyse and synthesis data. Key information relating to historical periods will be discussed, and foundational analytical methods will be applied to selected genres and repertoire. Students will work on small academic tasks both during seminars and during personal study time.
This module brings together readings, music and other media from musicologists, ethnomusicologists, critics, sociologists, philosophers, and musicians. It investigates an array of topics from various perspectives, such as gender, race, narrative, religion and empire, to support the development of knowledge of stylistic elements of various types of music, music’s role in society, cultural, political and historical awareness, as well as the development of critical thinking, basic research techniques, communication and presentation skills. It investigates an array of topics from various perspectives, such as gender, race, narrative, religion and empire, to support the development of knowledge of stylistic elements of various types of music, music’s role in society, cultural, political and historical awareness, as well as the development of critical thinking, basic research techniques, oral and written communication and presentation skills.
Offered throughout the duration of the academic year, at foundation level the Applied Musicianship module supports the students’ instrumental/vocal studies alongside Music, History and Society and the Performance Programme. The module focusses on the development of preliminary core musical skills including aural awareness and improvisation and the acquisition of core music theory including harmony, harmonic function and form in a practical and instrument/voice-related environment. It provides a creative environment to support retention through practical engagement, and relates this learning to the performance/composition elements of the Programme. The module is designed to foster the individual musicianship skills of each individual learner and provide a secure foundation for entry to BMus. It references a range of related repertoire and resources and embed application, performance contexts and learning strategies.
Principal study focuses on the core technical and artistic training required for instrumental/vocal/compositional skill at foundational level. The module is designed to foster the nascent skills and musicianship of the individual learner to provide a secure foundation for entry to the BMus programme. Students learn through a combination of individual and small-group tuition, departmental classes, and visits from guest artists.
The Foundation Year 0 assumes 1200 learning and teaching hours. The BMus assumes 4800 learning hours. Contact time is defined as tuition which is delivered by a tutor. It includes performances, individual tuition, larger group tuition, seminars, departmental and academic classes, directed rehearsals, masterclasses, competitions and supervised study. Contact and self-study time is itemised in module descriptions. Rehearsal and performance contact time will vary according to the instrumental discipline.
Learning takes place through a blend of formal tuition, experiential learning and personal study. There is a blend of in-person and online provision, some of which is delivered asynchronously. Instrumental / composition / vocal tuition is the central element of provision consisting of individual tuition, group tuition, rehearsals, workshops, seminars and masterclasses. You will develop and contextualize your individual tuition within a broad range of solo, small group/non-directed and large group/directed activities. Visiting artists, ensemble directors and lecturers will expose you to a variety of views and approaches current within the profession. CoLab is an integral element of performance studies and is a ring-fenced period of the academic year where students work together to create and develop creative projects and where artistic risks and innovation are prioritised.
The programme aims to enable you to develop independent learning strategies for self- directed, autonomous, lifelong learning. Your tutors will regularly encourage you to reflect on learning and to formulate personal programmes of study and targets for learning.
View the list of music Teaching staff.
Assessment methods as far as possible mirror professional contexts. In the Principal Study and Group Music Making modules, assessments for performance/composition activities will include a combination of solo, small/non-directed group, large/directed group and technical work. Work will be captured in an online portfolio, requiring critical reflection on a range of contextual matters (the wider profession, audience, performance practice etc). Other modules, including The Artist as Entrepreneur 6 (1), Music, Culture and Society, Applied Musicianship and Electives feature a blend of assessment methods both written and practical (including arrangement, writing, verbal presentations, composition, improvisation, performance etc.) relating to performance practice, contextual and historical knowledge, and musicianship; elective assessments will focus on employability skills and knowledge.
Assessment in some performance activities and the CoLab festival takes place through the development of an online portfolio of materials. There is an emphasis on developing students’ digital skills, with regular updates of key software and platforms. Assessments are both formative, in that they offer detailed feedback to the student, and summative, in that they offer a mark and justifications for that grade both to the student and the institution. The programme throughout takes the view that assessment is primarily a learning rather than a grading tool, and students will undertake regular formative tasks in lessons and seminars.
Our graduates go on to follow careers in solo, ensemble and orchestral performance, composition and arranging, creative project work, instrumental/vocal teaching, community project work, collaborative projects with other media/art forms, postgraduate performance/composition study, other related postgraduate study or PGCE.
For more information on the successes of Trinity Laban music graduates, visit our Alumni Profiles.
Trinity Laban places greater emphasis on its own audition process than on formal qualifications. The course is aimed at students considering entry to undergraduate study at conservatoire, and places are offered to candidates who demonstrate the potential to reach that level within the year. As a guide, ABRSM/Trinity College London
Grade 8 or equivalent would be the minimum expected level of entrance to the programme, although this is not a pre-requisite. All applicants should note that Trinity Laban will not consider applications for deferred entry. The programme accepts students in all Western Art Music instruments and voice.
Applications for the programme are made online through UCAS Conservatoires.
Applicants unable to attend the audition in person may be considered for entry to the programme by submitting a recorded audition via the Embark.
Applicants must prepare two contrasting pieces of their own choice, written for their principal study instrument or voice, and lasting no longer than 15 minutes in total. Applicants may be required to take a short sight-reading and/or playing-by-ear test, but are not expected to have prior experience of improvisation.
Composition: Applicants must submit a portfolio of between 3 and 6 compositions in advance. Any styles are acceptable and unfinished works may be included. The portfolio must illustrate the applicant’s ability to produce notated scores and recordings should be submitted where possible. Portfolios will normally be assessed by the Head of Composition and an additional relevant member of staff, who will then conduct an interview with applicants which will take the form of a discussion about the applicant’s compositions, interests and ambitions.
Composition applicants will also be asked to perform a prepared piece of 2-3 minutes of their own choice in length in a style and on an instrument of their choice (including voice) and they may also be asked to improvise.
Successful applicants will be able to demonstrate the following through the application, audition and interview:
The Foundation Year 0 has an English language entrance requirement of CEFR B2 (ISE II – Integrated Skills in English or IELTS Level 5.5 in all 4 areas). For Student Visa purposes the IELTs will need to be the specific IELTs for UKVI test.
Home student tuition fees are aligned with the maximum tuition fee cap set by the UK Government. International tuition fees are subject to annual inflationary increases based on RPI-X.
Read about financial awards and external funding opportunities in the Fees and Finance section.
|King Charles Court
|5 years (full time)
Find out what makes London such an exceptional place to be a student.find out more
Music at Trinity Laban


With all the new Nokia phones announced today, this is probably the one people are most looking forward to. When Nokia came back to the smartphone game, fans loved its pure Android approach and timely updates and patches. If that’s not enough, Nokia joins the Android One initiative for an even fresher and faster Android experience.
The Nokia 7 Plus has been long rumored and consistently leaked before its official announcement, so the launch was more of a confirmation of what we’ve already expected starting with the 6-inch Full HD+ display with an 18:9 aspect ratio, making it Nokia’s first phone to sport a near-borderless display.
The phone is powered a Snapdragon 660 processor paired with 4GB of memory and 64GB of expandable storage. With this kind of power, it’s already assured that it’ll be able to run Android smoothly, especially since it doesn’t have any bloatware or skin on top. Nokia brags about the phone’s two-day battery life thanks to its massive 3800mAh capacity that supports fast charging through USB-C.
It has dual rear cameras that are equipped with Zeiss optics — a common Nokia trait. There’s a 12-megapixel main shooter with a bright f/1.75 aperture and large pixel size, and it’s partnered with a 13-megapixel telephoto lens with 2x optical zoom. Even the selfie shooter has Zeiss optics for the lens of its 16-megapixel sensor.
Manual control over the camera is possible through Pro Camera mode and there’s also Nokia spatial audio capture using the three onboard microphones. And, let’s not forget about “Bothie,” wherein Nokia wants you to use the front and back camera simultaneously as a unique way of creating content.
Another Nokia trait that we see on the 7 Plus is the premium quality build. The phone has a ceramic-feel coating for a comfortable grip but the whole structure of the phone is made from a single block of 6000 series aluminum with copper edges for styling and added durability.
Of course, regular software updates and monthly security patches are promised because it’s under the Android One platform. Interestingly, most Android One phones are usually on the budget side, but the Nokia 7 Plus positions itself as a premium midrange phone with a price tag of EUR 399 (US$ 490).
The Nokia 7 Plus will be available starting in April and will have two color options: black or white. Both have a copper trim highlighting the edges of the phone.
Nokia 7 Plus and Nokia 8 Sirocco Hands-On
Testament to Nokia’s craftsmanship
Two years after making its big comeback, Nokia is slowly filling in the pieces of its Android smartphone lineup. The star of course has to be the new Nokia 8 Sirocco, the most premium from the announcements at Mobile World Congress.
But our favorite is the Nokia 7 Plus, a near-borderless Android One phone with Zeiss optics and a beautiful build.
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Summary: Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.
- Yang M, Annable M, Jawitz J. Field-scale forward and back diffusion through low-permeability zones. J Contam Hydrol. 2017;202:47-58 pubmed publisher..The modeling approach presented in this study is designed to enable site managers to implement appropriate remediation technologies at a proper timing for high- and low-permeability zones, considering estimated plume life cycle. ..
- Sarzaeim P, Bozorg Haddad O, Fallah Mehdipour E, Loáiciga H. Environmental water demand assessment under climate change conditions. Environ Monit Assess. 2017;189:359 pubmed publisher..Furthermore, some climatic scenarios project environmental water demand larger than and some of them project less than the baseline one. ..
- Delin G, Herkelrath W. Effects of crude oil on water and tracer movement in the unsaturated and saturated zones. J Contam Hydrol. 2017;200:49-59 pubmed publisher..Results have important implications for modeling the fate and transport of dissolved contaminants at hydrocarbon spill sites. ..
- Johnson W, Douglas M, Lewis J, Stuecker T, Carbonero F, Austin B, et al. Do biofilm communities respond to the chemical signatures of fracking? A test involving streams in North-central Arkansas. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17:29 pubmed publisher..Study streams must be carefully categorized with regard to the magnitude and extent of anthropogenic impacts. They must also be segregated with statistical confidence (as herein) before fracking impacts are monitored. ..
- Mekala C, Nambi I. Understanding the hydrologic control of N cycle: Effect of water filled pore space on heterotrophic nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium mechanisms in unsaturated soils. J Contam Hydrol. 2017;202:11-22 pubmed publisher..This in turn, prevents NO3- leaching and groundwater contamination. This type of modeling study should be used before planning field experiments for designing optimal irrigation and fertigation schedules. ..
- Feng C, Guo X, Yin S, Tian C, Li Y, Shen Z. Heavy metal partitioning of suspended particulate matter-water and sediment-water in the Yangtze Estuary. Chemosphere. 2017;185:717-725 pubmed publisher..e., exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, organic, and residual fractions), which can be used to identify the dominant phase-partition mechanisms (e.g., adsorption or desorption) of heavy metals. ..
- la Cecilia D, Maggi F. In-situ atrazine biodegradation dynamics in wheat (Triticum) crops under variable hydrologic regime. J Contam Hydrol. 2017;203:104-121 pubmed publisher..Greater ATZ applications were balanced by small nonlinear increments of ATZ biodegraded fraction within the root zone and therefore less ATZ leached into the shallow aquifer. ..
- Halder M, Mookerjee S, Batabyal P, Palit A. Environmental Vibrio cholerae non O1/ non O139 from the Gangetic delta: a diarrhoeal disease purview. Int J Environ Health Res. 2017;27:241-251 pubmed publisher..Haemolytic activity and biofilm formation in NOVC, during unfavourable conditions, facilitates gene transfer and emphasises the role of environmental NOVC in diarrhoeal incidence in South Bengal, India. ..
- Andreadis K, Das N, Stampoulis D, Ines A, Fisher J, Granger S, et al. The Regional Hydrologic Extremes Assessment System: A software framework for hydrologic modeling and data assimilation. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0176506 pubmed publisher..A set of three example implementations of RHEAS in the United States and Kenya are described to demonstrate the different features of the system in real-world applications. ..
- Xu P, Gao F, He J, Ren X, Xi W. Modelling and optimization of land use/land cover change in a developing urban catchment. Water Sci Technol. 2017;75:2527-2537 pubmed publisher..The assessment result of optimal planning of land use showed that annual rainfall control of land use for an optimal planning scenario with LID technology was 65%, and SS pollutant load reduction efficiency 65.6%. ..
- Davids J, van de Giesen N, Rutten M. Continuity vs. the Crowd-Tradeoffs Between Continuous and Intermittent Citizen Hydrology Streamflow Observations. Environ Manage. 2017;60:12-29 pubmed publisher..Consequently, observation frequency and costs are high, but spatial coverage of the data is limited. Citizen Hydrology can possibly overcome these challenges by leveraging easily scaled mobile technology and local residents to ..
- Hou Z, Lu W, Xue H, Lin J. A comparative research of different ensemble surrogate models based on set pair analysis for the DNAPL-contaminated aquifer remediation strategy optimization. J Contam Hydrol. 2017;203:28-37 pubmed publisher..5%. Using an ES model instead of the simulation model was critical for considerably reducing the computation time of simulation-optimization process and maintaining high computation accuracy simultaneously. ..
- Koch J, Stisen S. Citizen science: A new perspective to advance spatial pattern evaluation in hydrology. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0178165 pubmed publisher..The obtained dataset can provide an insightful benchmark to the community to test novel spatial metrics. ..
- Mehdinejadiani B. Estimating the solute transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation using Bees Algorithm. J Contam Hydrol. 2017;203:51-61 pubmed publisher..To sum up, the Bees Algorithm was found to be very simple, robust and accurate approach to estimate the transport parameters of the spatial fractional advection-dispersion equation. ..
- Huggett M, Kavazos C, Bernasconi R, Czarnik R, Horwitz P. Bacterioplankton assemblages in coastal ponds reflect the influence of hydrology and geomorphological setting. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2017;93: pubmed publisher..Rare marine taxa, possibly dispersed from seawater assemblages via the underground karst connection, are abundant within the inland system, suggesting an important role for regional dispersal within the metacommunities. ..
- Papadaki C, Soulis K, Ntoanidis L, Zogaris S, Dercas N, Dimitriou E. Comparative Assessment of Environmental Flow Estimation Methods in a Mediterranean Mountain River. Environ Manage. 2017;60:280-292 pubmed publisher..Despite the widespread use of the method, challenges in transferability of fish habitat simulation provide undefined levels of uncertainty and may require the concurrent use of different assessment tools and site-specific study. ..
- Gao Y, Yuan Y, Wang H, Schmidt A, Wang K, Ye L. Examining the effects of urban agglomeration polders on flood events in Qinhuai River basin, China with HEC-HMS model. Water Sci Technol. 2017;75:2130-2138 pubmed publisher..The potential change in flood volume and peak flow with increasing impervious rate shows a linear relationship. ..
- Robson B, Lester R, Baldwin D, Bond N, Drouart R, Rolls R, et al. Modelling food-web mediated effects of hydrological variability and environmental flows. Water Res. 2017;124:108-128 pubmed publisher..These include better integration of food-web and hydraulic models, taking physiologically-based approaches to food quality effects, and better representation of variations in space and time that may create ecosystem control points. ..
- Roe H, Elliott S, Patterson R. Re-assessing the vertical distribution of testate amoeba communities in surface peats: Implications for palaeohydrological studies. Eur J Protistol. 2017;60:13-27 pubmed publisher..These findings underline the complexity of testate amoeba community structure and highlight the importance of analysing both living and dead Sphagnum stem sections when developing calibration sets. ..
- Chuah C, Tan E, Sermswan R, Ziegler A. Hydrological connectivity and Burkholderia pseudomallei prevalence in wetland environments: investigating rice-farming community's risk of exposure to melioidosis in North-East Thailand. Environ Monit Assess. 2017;189:287 pubmed publisher..Further, it may be important to investigate melioidosis through transdisciplinary approaches that consider the complex social and ecological contexts in which the disease occurs. ..
- Wani O, Scheidegger A, Carbajal J, Rieckermann J, Blumensaat F. Parameter estimation of hydrologic models using a likelihood function for censored and binary observations. Water Res. 2017;121:290-301 pubmed publisher..e. sensor placement. Given the advent of Internet of Things, we foresee that the plethora of censored data promised to be available can be used for parameter estimation within a formal Bayesian framework. ..
- Mogaji K, Lim H. Application of a GIS-/remote sensing-based approach for predicting groundwater potential zones using a multi-criteria data mining methodology. Environ Monit Assess. 2017;189:321 pubmed publisher..The overall results proved the efficacy of the data mining model and the geospatial technology in groundwater potential mapping. ..
- Yimam Y, Ochsner T, Fox G. Hydrologic cost-effectiveness ratio favors switchgrass production on marginal croplands over existing grasslands. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0181924 pubmed publisher..These results suggest that, from a hydrologic perspective, it may be preferable to convert marginal cropland to switchgrass production rather than converting existing grasslands. ..
- Chen C, Wang Q. Debris flow-induced topographic changes: effects of recurrent debris flow initiation. Environ Monit Assess. 2017;189:449 pubmed publisher..Numerical simulation demonstrated that the parameters' mean depth, maximum depth, affected area, mean flow rate, maximum flow rate, and peak flow discharge were increased after recurrent debris flow, and peak discharge occurred quickly. ..

domain: geography


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Two Admirals and two Toros win individual events for state titles
Alivia Busch of Spanish Fort won the state crown in the Class 6A Girls Discus Throw at 117 feet, 6 inches. She also took third in the shot put with a throw of 37-11, three inches short of second and six short of first. Spanish Fort’s Callie Jones won the Class 6A Girls Javelin state title with a toss of 135 feet. SFHS Toro teammate Clara Sabo tied for second in the pole vault at nine feet.
In Class 3A, Bayside’s Girls took first in the state Class 3A, 4 x 400 meter relay finals and third in the 4 x 100. Individually for the Admirals, Amber Mason won the high jump at 16-05. Lauren Chastang won the shot put (5-02.5) and took second in the discus (114-07). Mary Catherine Branyon took third in the 1600-meter run. Caroline Young was third in the pole vault (10.0).
Spanish Fort’s Trae Barry took second in the boys high-jump (6-6) and second in the javelin (177). The Bayside boys took third in the 4 x 800 relay.
Top placing AHSAA teams
2017 girls state champs: Class 7A, Hoover; Class 6A, Homewood; Class 5A, Beauregard; Class 4A, Montgomery Catholic; Class 3A, American Christian; Class 2A, Altamont; Class 1A, Whitesburg Christian.
Bayside Academy took third overall just eight points behind runner up T R Miller.
2017 boys state champs: Class 7A, Hoover; Class 6A, Opelika; Class 5A, Scottsboro; Class 4A, Greensboro; Class 3A, American Christian; Class 2A, Cold Springs; Class 1A, Westminster-Oak Mountain.

domain: sports


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Virtual data areas are useful for your business of all sizes and sectors. They provide the same security and convenience features that physical data rooms have, but they are readily available and easier to manage.
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Introduction to Fourier Optics Third Edition | ©2005 New Edition Available Joseph W. Goodman. Some of the applications discussed include speckle in astronomy, speckle in the eye, speckle in projection displays, speckle in coherence tomography, speckle in lithography, speckle in waveguides (modal noise), speckle in optical radar detection, and speckle in metrology. Additional discussions focus on analog optical computing, digital logic and digital optical computing. This renowned text applies the powerful mathematical methods of fourier analysis to the analysis and synthesis of optical systems. Introduction To Fourier Optics Goodman 3rd Edition increase or library or borrowing from your contacts to right of entry them. The techniques have stimulated further development of optical imaging theory, including 3-dimensional microscopy imaging theory in spatial and frequency domains, the theory of imaging with ultrashort-pulse beams and aberration theory for high-numerical-aperture objectives. (2005) Introduction to Fourier Optics. You can Read Online Introduction To Fourier Optics here in PDF, EPUB, Mobi or Docx formats. The basic theory of light processing by optical elements is presented in the fourth part which covers Fourier optics, the scalar theory of diffraction and holography. A recipient of several teaching awards, he has taught introductory through graduate courses in several areas including applied mathematics, partial differential equations, mathematical physics, quantum theory, optics, cosmology, and general relativity. My friends are so mad that they do not know how I have all the high Optical Information Science and Engineering professional planning materials: Introduction to Fourier Optics (3rd Edition)(Chinese Edition) by MEI)Joseph W. Goodman QIN KE CHENG DENG YI and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. Neatly pulling together widely scattered material, it covers Fourier and statistical optics, turbulence effects on imaging systems, simulation of turbulence effects and correction techniques, speckle imaging, adaptive optics, and hybrid imaging. Speckle Phenomena: Theory and Applications (a new book) Available from Roberts & Company, Publisher Table of Contents. Approaches the topic of physical optics with examples drawn from the physical processes described. [PDF]Introduction to fluid mechanics 5th edition ( Solutions Manual ) by Alan T. McDonald, Robert W Fox [PDF]Introduction to Fourier Optics 3rd Ed ( Solutions Manual ) by Joseph W. Goodman [PDF]Introduction to General, Organic & Biochemistry 6th ED and Introduction to Organic & Biochem. See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Fourier analysis is a ubiquitous tool that has found application to diverse areas of physics and engineering. LENO M. PEDROTTI ... 18 Matrix Methods in Paraxial Optics 396 Introduction 396 18.1 The Thick Lens 396 18.2 The Matrix Method 399 ... 21 Fourier Optics 458 Introduction 458 21.1 ptical Data Imaging and Processing O 459 Introduction to fourier optics 3rd edition pdf, In addition to Introduction to Fourier Optics, Dr. Goodman is the author of Statis- .. This book covers the applications of Fourier methods and linear systems theory to optical diffraction and imaging, and it will be of use to anyone seeking an understanding of Fourier series and Fourier transforms of one-and two-dimensional structures. Learn how to overcome resolution limitations caused by atmospheric turbulence in Imaging Through Turbulence. PDF Read and Download Ebook Introduction To Optics 3rd Edition Pedrotti PDF at Public Ebook Library INTRODUCTION TO OPTICS Introduction to Fourier Optics 2nd J Introduction to Fourier Optics McGraw-Hill Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering SENIOR CONSULTING EDITOR Ste Errata for the Third Edition of Introduction to Fourier Optics. Optical microscopy and associated technologies advanced quickly after the introduction of the laser. It is also a reference for other scientists interested in the field. A review of the underlying principles, as well as mechanisms of wave/ray interactions with matter are presented first. File Name: Introduction To Fourier Optics 3rd Edition 2007 Joseph W.pdf Size: 4578 KB Type: PDF, ePub, eBook Category: Book Uploaded: 2020 Nov 22, 17:38 Rating: 4.6/5 from 752 votes. Goodman, J.W. Readers are taken through the relevant concepts of classical and Fourier optics, digital logic and digital image processing. A wide range of devices are addressed from a user perspective and are accompanied with detailed tables enabling performance comparison, in addition to chapters exploring computer-generated holograms, optical correlator systems, and pattern matching algorithms. A number of exercises are provided for readers to develop further understanding of computational imaging. you need to create a FREE account. This book introduces these new theories in terms of modern optical microscopy. We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. After reading this book, students will be familiar with: • Convergence and summation of infinite series • Representation of functions by infinite series • Trigonometric and Generalized Fourier series • Legendre, Bessel, gamma, and delta functions • Complex numbers and functions • Analytic functions and integration in the complex plane • Fourier and Laplace transforms. introduction to fourier optics 3rd edition edition 3 by. I get my most wanted eBook. 3rd Edition, Roberts & Co., Greenwood Village. --Page 4 of cover. This hands-on book thoroughly discusses the nature of turbulence effects on optical imaging systems, techniques used to overcome these effects, performance analysis methods, and representative examples of performance. $193.26: $136.67: Hardcover, December 10, 2004: $87.87 . These ubiquitous mathematical tools provide unique insights into the capabilities and limitations of optical systems in both imaging and information processing and lead to many fascinating applications, including the field of holography. The first part of the book deals with the mathematical tools in detail with minimal assumption about prior knowledge on the part of the reader. (1932 2010) was a member of the Society of Jesus and served on the faculty at a number of institutions, including Marquette University, from 1977 to 1994. Designed to offer a comprehensive and engaging introduction to intermediate and upper level undergraduate physics and engineering students, this text also allows instructors to select specialized content to suit individual curricular needs and goals. This introductory textbook was written with mathematics, science, and engineering students with a background in calculus and basic linear algebra in mind. The Fourier Transform and Its Applications to Optics, Fourier Series and Optical Transform Techniques in Contemporary Optics, Exploratory Causal Analysis with Time Series Data, Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging, Westonbirt Arboretums Tree Spotters Guide, Fallons Reading Log: My First 200 Books (Gatst), Atticuss Reading Log: My First 200 Books (Gatst), Subatomic Physics Solutions Manual (3rd Edition), World of Warcraft: An Adult Coloring Book, Setting Priorities for HIV/AIDS Interventions, New Insights Into Aerospace Engineering: Volume I, Dick Goddards Weather Guide for Northeast Ohio, Normal and Abnormal Processes in Basic Sciences, Hommages a Maarten J. Vermaseren, Volume 1, Sherlock: The Hounds of Baskerville Audio Pack, Who Need A SUPER HERO, When You Are Paralegal, Upgrading and Migrating to BizTalk Server 2016, Assessing and Managing Violence Risk in Juveniles, Boundary Representation Modelling Techniques. introduction to fourier optics goodman joseph w. A source on the rapidly changing field of optical computing. See http://www.roberts-publishers.com. You can check your reasoning as you tackle a problem using our interactive solutions viewer. This is not a significant problem since the reader can easily obtain copies of the latest editions of the references—for example, Goodman’s Introduction to Fourier Optics, Fourth Edition (2017). This book covers both the mathematics of inverse problems and optical systems design, and includes a review of the mathematical methods and Fourier optics. pdf introduction to fourier optics semantic scholar. Third Edition Introduction to Optics FRANK L. PEDROTTI, S.J. These topics are tied together by the application of the spectral analysis of analog and discrete signals, and provide an introduction to the discrete Fourier transform. Aspects of resonant light propagation, such as Gaussian beams, resonators and lasers, are treated next. Features: Covers a range of new developments, including computer-generated holography and 3D image recognition Accessible without a range of prior knowledge, providing a clear exposition of technically difficult concepts Contains extensive examples throughout to reinforce learning. It consists of seven chapters including an introduction. tributions to optics education (1995). PDF, 991 KB. Introduction to Fourier Optics 3rd Edition by Joseph Goodman (Author) 4.7 out of 5 stars 27 ratings. Solutions Manual available to instructors from the publisher. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. website, and it does! this is the first one which worked! quality ebook which they do not! It helps you bring down to earth the complexities of coping with turbulence. INTRODUCTION TO OPTICS third edition Introduction to Optics ... Fourier optics, nonlinear optics, and Fresnel equations. introduction to fourier optics book 2005 ... 'introduction to fourier optics 3rd edition edition 3 by june 2nd, 2020 - introduction to fourier optics by j w goodman is the standard teaching and reference text for fourier optics and Many thanks. answers with Introduction To Fourier Optics 3rd Edition 2007 Joseph W . lol it did not even take me 5 minutes at all! Contains more than 600 photographs and line drawings and more than 650 references. It can be used as a textbook for undergraduate courses in Fourier analysis or applied mathematics, which cover Fourier series, orthogonal functions, Fourier and Laplace transforms, and an introduction to complex variables. Book Mediafile Free File Sharing ebook, you need to create a FREE introduction to fourier optics 2nd j goodman pdf al. Introduction to Optics is now available in a re-issued edition from Cambridge University Press. About; Contents; Authors; About. Email: email@example.com. Publisher: Roberts and Company Publishers, Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science, Engineering & Mathematics, Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media. • The relationship between analog and digital signals Dr. Russell L. Herman is a professor of Mathematics and Professor of Physics at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. In order to read or download Introduction To Fourier Optics 3rd Edition 2007 Joseph W ebook, If there is a survey it Introduction to Fourier Optics Third Edition Problem Solutions Joseph W. Goodman Stanford University Copyright Joseph W. Goodman, all rights reserved. A number of examples and exercises are provided including implementations of Maple, MATLAB, and Python for computing series expansions and transforms. Comparisons with classical imaging theory are made when the new imaging theory is introduced. This is an totally simple means to specifically get lead by on-line. comprehensive collection of manuals listed. XD. Exercise problems, up-to-date references and further reading resources complete the book. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Introduction to Optics. This textbook deals with fourier analysis applications in optics, and in particular with its applications to diffraction, imaging, optical data processing, holography and optical communications. Imaging Through Turbulence is written in tutorial style, logically guiding you through these essential topics. Designed to offer a comprehensive and engaging introduction to intermediate and upper level undergraduate physics and engineering students, this text also allows instructors to select specialized content to suit individual curricular needs and goals. His research interests include topics in nonlinear wave equations, soliton perturbation theory, fluid dynamics, relativity, chaos and dynamical systems. download pdf edition. They are all in PDF format. This book deals with its applications in optics, and in partic- ular with. Chapters cover foundations of scalar diffraction theory, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction moving onto Wave-Optics Analysis of Coherent Optical Systems and Wavefront Modulation. This much-needed text brings the treatment of optical pattern recognition up-to-date in one comprehensive resource. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. pdf introduction to fourier optics zheyuan zhu. The book addresses the natural link between electromagnetics and optics. Just select your click then download button, and complete an frank l. pedrotti, s. j. In addition to Introduction to Fourier Optics, Dr. Goodman is the author of Statis- tical Optics (J. Wiley & Sons, 1985) and the editor of International Trends in Optics (Academic Press, 1991). has been cited by the following article: TITLE: Developing an Advanced Prototype of the Acousto-Optical Radio-Wave Spectrometer for Studying Star Formation in the Milky Way. only takes 5 minutes, try any survey which works for you. Introduction to Fourier Optics - Joseph Goodman - Macmillan International Higher Education Optical pattern recognition, one of the first implementations of Fourier Optics, is now widely used, and this text provides an accessible introduction for readers who wish to get to grips with how holography is applied in a practical context. – “Introduction to Fourier optics” by J. W. Goodman, 3rd edition (McGraw-Hill) • Other recommended texts: – “Waves and fields in optoelectronics” by H. A. Haus – “Optics” by Klein and Furtak – “Fundamentals of photonics” by Saleh and Teich – “Fundamentals of optics” by Jenkins and White "A clear and straightforward introduction to the Fourier principles behind modern optics, this text is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students." Studied''introduction To Fourier Optics 3rd Edition Edition 3 By June 2nd, 2020 - Introduction To Fourier Optics By J W Goodman Is The Standard Teaching And Reference Text For The references for each chapter are carefully selected classics; however, many refer to dated first editions of books. Book Title :Introduction To Fourier Optics This renowned text applies the powerful mathematical methods of fourier analysis to the analysis and synthesis of optical systems. Joseph Goodman’s work in Electrical Engineering has been recognised by a variety of awards and honours, so his text is able to guide students through a comprehensive introduction into Fourier Optics. Student Inquiries | استفسارات الطلاب: firstname.lastname@example.org: email@example.com offer to start downloading the ebook. Professor of Physics and Molecular Medicine The City University, London ELLIS HORWOOD LIMITED Publishers • Chichester Halsted Press: a division of JOHN WILEY & SONS To get started finding Introduction To Fourier Optics 3rd Edition 2007 Joseph W , you are right to find our website which has a This textbook deals with fourier analysis applications in optics, and in particular with its applications to diffraction, imaging, optical data processing, holography and optical communications. … introduction to fourier optics co uk goodman. An examination of guided propagation of light through various dielectric waveguides follows. The third part provides a discussion of specific imaging systems that illustrate the power of the hybrid computational imaging model in enhancing imaging performance. While the focus of the book is largely on optical imaging systems, the key concepts are discussed in a fairly general manner so as to provide useful background for understanding the mechanisms of a diverse range of imaging modalities. This book helps students explore Fourier analysis and its related topics, helping them appreciate why it pervades many fields of mathematics, science, and engineering. Download Book Introduction To Fourier Optics in PDF format. I did not think that this would work, my best friend showed me this Includes chapters on Fourier transforms, image formation, optical coherence, diffraction, interference, holography, interferometry, analog optical computing, synthetic aperture imaging, and others. The chapters are organized to minimize cross-referencing. In 1987 he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. Introduction to Optics is now available in a re-issued edition from Cambridge University Press. l . The second part of the book discusses concepts in optics, particularly propagation of optical waves and coherence properties of optical fields that form the basis of the computational models used for image recovery. The book further refers to miscellaneous topics, such as optical radiation, remote sensing and nonlinear phenomena. Presents a fully updated, self-contained textbook covering the core theory and practice of both classical and modern optical microscopy techniques. Our library is the biggest of these that The electromagnetic origin of optical phenomena is sought through a dual approach to optics which is based on the wave equation and ray theory.
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SANTA ANA, Calif. (AP) — A California schoolteacher was arrested Wednesday after at least 300 living and dead pythons were found in plastic bins inside his stench-filled home in suburban Orange County, police said.
Officers found the snakes as well as mice and rats while searching the Santa Ana house after neighbors complained about the smell of something rotten, police Cpl. Anthony Bertagna said.
“The smell alone — I feel like I need to take a shower for a week,” Bertagna said. “They’re pretty much in all the bedrooms — everywhere.”
The pythons were kept throughout the five-bedroom house.
William Buchman, a 53-year-old teacher in Newport Beach, was arrested for investigation of neglect in the care of animals, Bertagna said.
Animal control authorities had tried to work with Buchman for several months after neighbors reported the smell but sought a warrant after they were not allowed inside the home where Buchman lived alone, Bertagna said.
Efforts to reach Buchman were not immediately successful. A message was left seeking comment at Newport-Mesa Unified School District.
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Statistics and Data Warehouse Department is responsible for collection, compilation and dissemination of statistics on economic, financial and monetary aspects. It collects and compiles data with different periodicities on money and banking, international trade, monetary accounts, balance of payments, international investment position, exchange rates, foreign exchange reserves, foreign investment, private external debt, flow of funds, inflation etc. which are disseminated through SBP website and also in form of publications. The department regularly brings out two monthly, two quarterly, one bi-annual and eight annual publications.
The department plays a central role in providing statistics to the government, policymakers, academia and other stakeholders for research, policy formulation and decision making. Modern and state-of- the-art systems based on well-defined procedures are in place for providing timely and efficient statistics on regular basis.
The systems of data collection and processing have undergone some changes over the past few years by making extensive use of information technology. Most of the data are collected electronically and processed through specifically designed software for the purpose. The department is proactively involved in automation of business processes of State Bank of Pakistan through a centralized data warehouse. It is committed to producing quality statistics with reliability and timeliness as envisaged in SBP Vision 2020. It currently follows General Data Dissemination Standards (GDDS) of the IMF however, meets the requirements of Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) of the IMF.
Ownership Govt: Debt Survey(FGDS)
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The key requirements for the HRF were a bandwidth of less than 40 pm, a tuneable range of over 6 nm and a transmission greater than 50%. These requirements combined with the need for very high out-of-band rejection (greater than 50 dB in the range 300 nm to 1200 nm) drive the design of the filter towards a combination of high transmission broadband filter and high performance tuneable, narrowband filter.
A key element of any LIDAR instrument is the optical filtering system that is used to spectrally filter the incoming light. For LIDAR applications, including wind and aerosol measurements, spectral filtering is used to separate the narrow aerosol Mie back-scattered signal from the molecular Rayleigh back-scattered signal. For LIDAR applications using the DIAL method (to measure water vapour and CO2 concentrations, for example), spectral filtering is necessary in order to separate the return signals from the multiple laser pulses. In addition, narrow-band filtering is essential in reducing the affect of background radiation on the observed signal-to-noise ratio that might otherwise overwhelm the back-scattered LIDAR signal, particularly during daytime.
Two particular applications that would require narrow-bandwidth spectral filtering are firstly the Space-borne DIAL LIDAR proposed for the ESA WALES (Water Vapour Lidar Experiment in Space) mission and secondly, the Space-borne ATLID Lidar. The primary objective of the WALES mission is to study the water vapour distribution in the lower atmosphere. The primary objective of ATLID (as a critical part of the EarthCARE Mission) is the measurement of aerosols, cloud and atmospheric properties relating to Energy Transfer within the troposphere and low stratosphere.
The development and demonstration of a new high performance optical filter with narrow bandwidth (i.e. the HRF) is essential for these applications, in order to provide sufficient background rejection and avoid unacceptable reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio.
THE HRF DESIGN
The design of the High-Resolution Filter is driven by the combined requirements of narrow bandwidth and large free spectral range (spectral separation of transmission fringes). Achieving these two parameters concurrently is difficult and greatly restricts the choice of filter technology, particularly in view of the high transmission required. After performing a detailed trade-off of available filter technologies, the Fabry-Perot étalon was selected as the principal narrowband filter element, augmented by an interference filter for broadband rejection.
THE HRF ASSEMBLY
The two filter elements of the HRF are incorporated in a mechanical structure and illuminated by collimated light delivered via a fibre-optic and collimating lens assembly (see Figure 1 and 2). After traversing the filter system, the light is focused onto a primary exit fibre-optic and transmitted to a detector for analysis. A secondary exit provides a means of calibrating the signal intensity.
The internal configuration of the HRF can be seen in the sectional view of Figure 1.
THE BROADBAND FILTER
Broadband filtering is achieved via a high performance, commercially available, interference filter with the following specification:
The interference filter was supplied by Barr Associates in the USA.
THE CAPACITANCE-STABILISED FABRY-PEROT ETALON
Narrowband filtering is achieved using a Capacitance-Stabilised Fabry-Perot étalon. A Capacitance-Stabilised étalon  (CSE) utilises three spacers, comprised of stacks of piezoelectric transducer elements, to adjust the separation of the étalon plates and hence provide tuneability. In addition, the ability to separately control each of the spacers allows the plate parallelism to be adjusted, a capability that is not present in other Fabry-Perot étalon designs (for example fixed-spacer).
The CSE also incorporates three capacitor elements acting as proxies for the length of the spacers containing the transducers. By means of a feedback circuits, these enable the plate parallelism and separation always to be precisely controlled and maintained. The feedback control is implemented using a capacitance bridge technique  which assures precise control of the étalon at all times, with time-constants of less than 1 ms.
The CSE has been extensively tested and used in a large number of optical systems over the past 20 years, giving excellent optical performance and reliability. CSEs have been successfully flown on the NASA UARS  mission and have also been taken through full engineering-level vibration testing as part of the NASA GLAS project . The overall configuration of the HRF is shown in Figure 2.
The key design drivers for the mechanical design of the HRF are:
• To provide a structure which is stiff and stable to accurately locate the optical components.
• To provide a structure that protects the optical components from vibration during operation and during on-ground testing, including environmental testing.
• To minimise mass.
• To provide a structure which is insensitive to the thermal environment (i.e. accepts a large range of environment temperatures and temperature gradients).
In the HRF, these requirements are met by the following design features:
• The CSE is housed within a large tube (the CSE tube) that also houses a subassembly containing the interference filter and the beam splitter.
• The three lens assemblies are mounted within conical structures that are mounted onto the CSE tube.
• Doweled flanged joints on these structures provide rigid and precise mechanical connection / alignment.
• The CSE tube is mounted on two “goal post” support legs that provide vibration and thermal isolation of the main assembly.
The performance of the HRF is largely dependent on the performance of the Capacitance-Stabilised Etalon (CSE). The key performance parameters of the CSE are the transmission and bandwidth together with the free spectral range. The bandwidth and free spectral range of an étalon are related by its finesse, which is a measure of the degree of interference between light rays reflected between the two étalon plates. The requirements of small bandwidth, large free spectral range and high transmission imply high values of reflective and overall finesse.
The overall finesse is dependent on several contributions each of which depends on a particular characteristic of the étalon plates and optical configuration. The overall finesse is expressed approximately by Eq. 1.
where FD is the defect finesse, FR is the reflective finesse and FA is the aperture finesse.
The target finesse for the HRF CSE is 150. This is a demanding requirement and necessitates a minimum defect finesse of 200. This is equivalent to a plate flatness of λ/280 (measured at λ = 633 nm). In order to allow for some margin, it has been necessary to manufacture the HRF CSE étalon plates to a flatness of λ/300 at 633 nm (corresponding to a defect finesse of 220 at 935.5 nm).
The reflective finesse is determined by the reflectivity of the étalon plates and increases with plate reflectivity. However, as the reflectivity is increased the transmission decreases and the optimum choice of plate reflectivity is a trade-off between achieving the required overall finesse and transmission. This trade-off is shown in the graphs of Figure and Figure.
Using the above trade-off analysis, an optimum reflectivity of 98.8% was selected. This value allows both the required high overall finesse and high transmission to be achieved.
It should be noted that the aperture finesse (the third contribution to Eq. 1) is a function of the number of orders, n, and the acceptance angle, θ which in turn is dependant on the optical configuration of the collimating lens system. For the HRF system, the aperture finesse is high (> 600) and is, therefore, less important in optimising the system performance.
Although the finesse is important in determining the bandwidth, on its own it does not uniquely define it. This is because bandwidth and free spectral range can be interchanged whilst maintaining the same finesse. However, in a system containing both a broadband and narrowband filter there is a minimum free spectral range that minimises the amount of out-of-band radiation whilst minimising the bandwidth. This minimum free spectral range can be determined using the so-called filtrage, FT, defined by Eq. 2.
where a is the lower bound of the central region (or FWHM) and b is the upper. Analysis based on the filtrage gives an optimum free spectral range of 4 nm for the HRF CSE.
Finally, based on the optimised parameters the transmission function of the CSE is shown in Figure 5.
The CSE performance parameters are summarised in the Table 1.
Predicted CSE optical performance parameters.
|Free spectral range||4 nm|
|Reflectivity||98.8 % ± 0.2|
|Plate flatness (target)||λ/300 ± 20|
|Overall Finesse||160 ± 12|
|Bandwidth||25 pm ± 2 pm|
|Transmission||64 % +4−7|
|Tuning Range||9 nm|
|Tuning Resolution||2.5 pm|
The measured performance of the HRF
|Working Aperture||50 mm|
|Tuning range||> 8 nm|
|Tuning resolution||2.4 pm|
|Defect finesse (@ 935 nm)||> 180|
|Side pad torque||10 cNm|
The structural philosophy of the HRF design is to combine the high stiffness of the tube assembly (where all natural frequencies would be greater than about 600 Hz) with the relative flexibility of the legs (which would give natural frequencies for the assembly in the range of 100 to 300 Hz) to simultaneously satisfy the stringent optical accuracy and vibration environment requirements. A spin-off advantage of this “stiff-on-flexible” approach is that the designs of the tubes and the legs are decoupled.
The optimum choice of leg resonant frequency depends on the HRF vibration response to the three environment inputs, namely: sine vibration, shock and random vibration. For a single degree-of-freedom system this is illustrated in Figure. It shows that ideally, the structural frequencies should be in the range 150-250 Hz, as this gives the minimum overall response.
MANUFACTURE AND TESTING
These section describes in more detail the manufacture and testing of the HRF.
Figure 7 shows the CSE mounted in its cage, with the internal electrical wiring to the PZT transducers and capacitor elements.
Figure 8 shows the mechanical tubular structure within which the CSE is mounted.
The performance of the CSE itself was tested both in an imaging and filter mode of operation, prior to integration within the complete HRF optical system and its mechanical structure.
The HRF filter was initially tested in a filter configuration with the fringes projected onto a CCD camera. Due to the large FSR of the filter only part of one fringe could be observed. Since the étalon uses peizo-electric transducers to enable the optical path difference to be actively controlled, the CSE spacing was adjusted using these elements in order to demonstrate its tuning capabilities and to measure its free spectral range in tuning step space.
A full scan of the HRF transmission function is shown in Fig. 9. The results displayed in these figure demonstrate that the filter bandwidth is a ~32 pm and the free spectral range is 4 nm, corresponding to a finesse of ~ 125.
The total tunable range of the HRF is 8.4 nm, slightly more than 2 FSR at 935 nm.
The imaged fringe is shown below in Fig. 10.
The CSE was then placed in a collimated beam and the light passing through the filter was focused onto the output optic fibre. The intensity of the light passing through the system was monitored as the etalon was stepped through its complete tuning range.
The transmission function of the filter is displayed in Fig. 11.
The paper has presented the design of a high performance optical filter based on a combination of a narrowband Capacitance- Stabilised Etalon and a broadband interference filter. The design includes a mechanical structure which houses the optical components within stiff tubes and isolates them from the environment via flexible legs.
The CSE demonstrated an overall finesse of 125 with a corresponding transmission of 55 %. This represents a matching plate flatness of < λ/280 @ 633 nm over the working aperture of the etalon. Additionally the tuning range of the filter has been shown to be greater than 8 nm with a FSR of 4 nm.
The demonstrated performance represents the state-of-the-art in terms of Fabry-Perot technology. Achieving such a high level of defect finesse over a 50 mm aperture will lead to significant gains in the detection chain of LIDAR instruments and help reduce the complexity of these systems.
Rees D., I. McWhirter, P.B. HaysS and T. Dines, (1981). A Stable, Rugged, Capacitance-stabilized Piezoelectric Scanned Fabry-Perot Etalon. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 14, 1320–1325.Google Scholar
Skinner W.R., P.B. Hays, and V.J. Abreu., Optimisation of a triple étalon interferometer, Appl. Opt. 26, 2817–2827, 1987.Google Scholar
McKay J.A. and D. Rees, “Space Qualified Etalon” Opt. Eng. 39(1) 315–319, (2000).Google Scholar


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