As the summer heat descends upon New York City, transit news often slows down. It’s an annual tradition, one exacerbated this year by the looming Second Ave. Subway opening and a fall budget proposal that will reinforce another looming MTA fare hike, set to arrive in 2017. But in certain corners of the city, a debate over a transit proposal and its effects on neighborhoods has emerged. In a way, it’s a debate over the future of the city, and it’s a proxy for anti-development forces. But at the same time, it raises some uncomfortable questions regarding transit, gentrification and displacement.
This issue has arisen in the so-called visioning sessions New York City has held on the mayor’s Brooklyn-Queens Streetcar proposal. During multiple sessions, attendees have expressed concerns that the streetcar will speed up gentrification and displace long-time residents. Thus, the plan, these opponents say, should be discarded in the name of affordability.
Both Gothamist and amNY have explored these arguments, and for the sake of fairness, I have to note that those at these sessions have raised more compelling arguments against the streetcar, including the lack of subway connections, its location in a flood-prone area, and the overall concern with the viability of the route. It may not do what a transit line should do — that is, connect people with where they are with where they want to go — and concerns that the streetcar is a giveaway for developers and waterfront tourists rings true.
But I wanted to look at the idea that transit improvements should be opposed because they lead to gentrification. The underlying philosophy here is that areas are home to lower income residents because they are inaccessible. Accessibility increases demand, and an increase an demand means an increase in rent. Thus, to maintain a neighborhood’s “character” and avoid the forces of gentrification, areas must be kept relatively inaccessible (or, at least, accessible only by bus, which exists with the perception that the bus is for poor people only).
This doesn’t work for me. On a citywide basis, one of the challenges to affordability is transit, and it’s been one of my concerns with the mayor’s affordable housing plan. This plan simply does not have a transit component. The mayor can talk about prettying up some subway stations in East New York, but that doesn’t do a thing to decrease travel times and increase mobility. (Whether the BQX itself does that is up for debate, but on a general level, that’s what transit improvements should do.)
But opposing transit upgrades because they may lead to displacement seems to suggest that we cannot solve accessibility and affordability as improving accessibility decreases affordability. Over the years, studies have shown that transit access will be a factor in increased rents and gentrification, but transit access isn’t the only factor. It is, then, possible and necessary to implement zoning and housing policies that can tamp down on the upward pressures transit access exerts on the affordability of a neighborhood and stave off displacement. And that’s what we need to see here. If the city is going to push a streetcar funded by real estate developers who are keen on realizing property value increases, the plan must come with some anti-displacement policies that will keep neighborhoods in tact.
I don’t know where the Brooklyn-Queens Connector plan will go from here. Mayor de Blasio has had other issues on his plate in recent months, and the EDC has been forging ahead quietly. It’s not a route that many transit planners embrace even as certain advocacy groups have lined up behind it. But oppose it on its merits and not on a trumped-up charge that transit upgrades can’t occur in un-gentrified areas because of displacement. The end result of that argument leads to a dead end for increased transit usage, improved mobility and better opportunities for everyone.
In an ideal situation, transit would come with more development, which would ease pressure on the existing housing stock. That’s what happened in a way with the Dual Contracts expansion, where supply in the outer boroughs drove down the price of housing in Lower Manhattan, allowing people there to consume more of it in the form of less crowded apartments.
Unfortunately, BQX doesn’t really add to the city’s transit capacity, and the administration is not planning to upzone any land anyway.
Yeah, any objective evaluation of BQX to me seems to require acknowledging it will probably get used, maybe heavily, with few good externalities. Plus the likelihood of a major real estate market correction….
The biggest problem with this debate is the people who complain about it don’t complain for the right reasons. The parts of NYC that need light rail, or the bus lines that could use street-running rail on the basis of usage, aren’t being considered for it. If they were being considered, the people complaining that BQX is serving an economically healthy frontier would instead be complaining that light rail is going where there is already transit or would find nice ways to say proper transit shouldn’t be wasted on poor people.
Light rail could be great……..the surface/street level running combined with fast all door boarding saves 5 minutes into a subway station and 5 minutes out.
The issue is to use it in the right places and right routes – this is not it and will sour people to light rail killing any future possibilities just like the old clunk el’s have made it impossible to built modern quiet JFK airtrain type structures.
This is what is needed for light rail to work in a large city – and why the BQX won’t work.
Oh come on. There are too many large cities with perfectly good street-running rail for that claim to hold up at all.
There are also many cities with poorly performing street-running rail. As noted in the link, street running rail offers very little benefit over buses.
That depends on ridership.
Rail rights of way and vehicles are more expensive, but they can carry more people and last longer. So light rail beats bus when ridership gets high enough.
Which is why the push should be for high quality BRT. If ridership gets high enough, tracks could be laid (though perhaps not in NY, where simple construction takes forever and is overpriced). And if it goes higher still, electrification could follow.
(Ever notice how if you throw a rock into a crowd of transit commentators, you’ll hit someone whose definition of “BRT” is entirely different than everyone else’s?)
I assume you mean street-running BRT, like SelectBus, which makes perfect sense sometimes. You can tell because the BRT-or-bust people really don’t like it. But if you’re talking about building that grade-separated “high-quality BRT” that people like Walter Hook demand, you’re demanding rail construction costs and bus labor requirements. That’s insane. Skip that step.
Also, changing modes is expensive, so pick the right one the first time. It’s not like buses have trivial acquisition costs either.
But there already ARE bus lines with ridership that would justify upgrading to LRT.
So what? Any mode can be screwed up, and probably none is abused more than buses. Kvetch as people do about mixed-traffic rail, and I even agree with some of the kvetching, having a grip on reality requires acknowledging that buses actually probably suffer more in mixed traffic than rail does. Reflectively dismissing a project because it will have some street-running segments is just absurdly myopic.
even in paris’s very good system there are some street running sections.
But the fewer, the better.
especially with NY’s horrible, narcissistic, sociopathic drivers.
Buses suffer more in mixed traffic than rail would? Any numbers to back that up? At the very least, a bus can seamlessly go around obstructions; a streetcar or mixed traffic light rail vehicle cannot.
I don’t think anyone has suggested that this specific project be dismissed outright just because it has “some” street running segments. However, the fact that it will operate along a corridor that doesn’t generate much bus ridership (meaning larger vehicles will need to operate at a longer headway) and will not be much faster than the bus it replaces (and slower than a nearby heavy rail line) are two solid reasons that when considered with the cost of the line make this project seem unnecessary.
I wouldn’t be opposed to other street running light rail projects, but even then the most crowded portions of the corridor need to have their own, protected travel lane as a bare minimum.
Beyond anecdotes like Philly, not reliably. That’s why I said probably. The closest things I’ve seen to experiments on the topic involved bustitutions of rail services. Buses did indeed perform more poorly in terms of OTP, but there could be any number of reasons for that (e.g., confused drivers, confused passengers, unusual crowding).
That notion that buses move “seamlessly” around obstacles may be part of the problem though. Buses are long and bulky, and quite bad at dealing with obstacles or even turns. But if drivers assume buses handle obstacles similar well to private autos, they may be less deferential to buses?
AFAIK, BQX is not replacing anything and no bus line is changing because of BQX at this point. But maybe the B61 and B62 could go?
For sure, a bus is not nearly as nimble as a car, or even a heavy duty pickup. MTA doesn’t allow buses to drive in reverse out on the road without some sort of spotter either, so there’s that. But a bus CAN go around a double parked car, can be easily diverted on short notice to another street, and can be routed around an accident. At the very least, it’s a nuisance problem.
In the post made by Eric, he linked to a TransitCenter article that listed 5 things that a successful street car line had to do. On all 5 counts, the BQX is either not meeting the requirement (Seamless connections, not charging more, avoiding traffic) or looks like it will not measure up (being part of a bigger street redesign, running at a high frequency).
As of right now, the BQX isn’t replacing any bus routes, which points to the question of where the ridership will come from. If these buses are still going to exist to shuttle people to nearby heavy rail lines, what exactly is the point of this streetcar?
If you ask me, if planners are including “going around obstacles” in their design schema, we’ve already lost the good transit race. In cases where transit, buses or trams, deal well with mixed traffic, it’s because the mixed traffic is manageable for them. You put buses in unmanageable mixed traffic when you have demand for transit and don’t care about riders’ needs, time, or comfort – probably because they’re too poor to afford anything better than the one option they’re given. When those are your conditions, who cares if trams would be worse? Both suck.
As for TransitCenter, I don’t know if I’d get wound up about them. Any of those things can be good, usually are good even, but almost none of them are universally necessary. You don’t need a street design to justify rail on the M15, even if it would be nice. The demand on the M15 is high enough where rail would probably be cheaper (at least at sane first world prices). I don’t necessarily like the idea, but charging riders extra can be justified for demand management.
I don’t think I was advocating that transit planning should assume that cars will double park in front of the vehicles. The point was that the specific claim that buses suffer more in mixed traffic than trams was not really true.
TransitCenter’s study is pointing out what goes into the most successful light rail systems. I didn’t say that EVERY component of the proposal needs to be implemented for a successful system, but certainly, a street redesign on 2nd avenue would make for a much more successful system for a Second Avenue Tram. If you were to simply lay rails on 2nd avenue and change the buses to trams… what would be the point? Operating costs could go down, wait times would go up, a huge capital burden would be placed on the system, and travel times would likely be the same as they are now. Why would we do this?
It “won’t work” because it’s not solving any problem. The problem is organizational; i.e. the state and the MTA’s inability or unwillingness to react quickly enough to increased demand in various places, and the city’s inability or unwillingness to give buses greater priority in general, and also to enforce traffic laws. The funding mechanism for this is a supposed rise in property value that wouldn’t have happened otherwise, which is an implicit admission that it’s cargo cult urbanism as dictated by developers.
More broadly for light rail; I don’t know why anyone’s even talking about it when we cannot get buses rerouted and sped up at a reasonable pace, much less subways. This is no different than the ferry people throwing up their hands and whining that we cannot build the same technology that was done efficiently and quickly over 100 years ago and so we have to settle for ferries forever. Fix the actual problem: the governance.
5 minutes to get into or our of a subway station? Where? It doesn’t take me anywhere near that to get into York St in the morning, when traffic is relatively light, or out of it, when traffic is heavier. And this is a deep station with one, crowded, point of access.
The issue with these improvements is always opportunity cost — what you can’t do if you do this. Something people are beginning to think about in NY as the MTA goes broke as a result of Generation Greed.
As for gentrification, are you sure it is happening, net? In some neighborhoods, the new neighbors are richer than the people who lived there before. In others, the more common pattern of the new neighbors being poorer than those who lived there before still holds. As it is, the city’s poverty rate is actually up from the 1970s.
It is true that more New Yorkers are working, rather than relying on government support or crime for income. Is that the problem? Or do gentrification opponents propose neighborhoods should either become poorer as more poor people move in, or stay the same, and that the city as a whole should become poorer? Or are they not sure what they want?
I say they are not sure what they want. They want more and more places for poorer people in New York City, but less poverty.
Not sure any of western Brooklyn counts as doing the opposite of gentrifying.
Nope. In a reverse of the 1950s through the 1970s, areas closer in are getting more affluent, and those further out are getting less affluent. Net zero, or close to it, on citywide poverty and median household income relative to the U.S. average.
A note on poverty… Since the mid 2000’s poverty is increasing faster in the far out suburbs (the closer ones remain places for the rich)… For the whole country as a whole – the middle class is shrinking. The rich are growing and the poor are growing as a share.
Poor people need transit much more than rich people need it. This is a fact some bizarre activists just can’t get through their heads despite all the evidence. People have been prematurely predicting the end of commuting and the end of cities because telecommuting and the Internet would supposedly mean we could just live in a cabin in the woods and Skype into a meeting and say goodbye to the office in the big bad city. What they forgot was that most people don’t work in an office. Despite our new knowledge-based economy, most people aren’t knowledge-based workers, at least not directly. The other half of the economy is based on service, healthcare, education, and other jobs for which showing up in person is required, and if you don’t show up you don’t get paid. Wealthy workers can “work from home” when their kid is sick or during a blizzard. Poor workers cannot. That’s why transit access disproportionately benefits the poor, especially in New York where there are so many transit-accessible jobs.
And if you’re opposing transit improvements to stave off gentrification, why stop at opposing transit improvements? Isn’t the same true for all neighborhood improvements? Anything that would make a neighborhood a worse place to live would increase housing affordability, right? Why not reduce trash pickup, stop fixing street lights, stop repaving streets? Anything to bring rents down. It becomes evident that anti-transit arguments for the sake of gentrification concerns are just anti-transit.
Yeah it’s a pretty dumb argument that there shouldn’t be good transit access because it will cause gentrification. Riverdale doesn’t have good transit – neither does Country Club/Silver Beach/Locust Point. Those are upper middle class areas of The Bronx. The poorest areas – Mott Haven/Melrose/Longwood have very good transit access. Poor areas of the city became poor for different reasons… They are becoming gentrified for different reasons as well.
That said – I think the BQX light rail is a waste of energy right now. Triboro RX is a much more deserving project.
This plan is so stupid it won’t connect to any subway and your most Likey gonna have to pay $3 to be stuck in traffic along with everyone else
Gentrification is nowhere near as simple a thing as the demagogues would have you believe. First of all, it is nowhere near as sure a thing as your would be real estate agent will tell you. If it were such a sure thing the ‘real estate interests’ who are said to be pushing the streetcar wouldn’t have to bother trying to talk the city into doing anything, because it would just be happening automatically. They want somebody (else) to ante up the streetcar money to help the gentrification happen – why not, maybe they will build it and probably it will help gentrify things; hard to imagine a brand new streetcar pushing the values down. Nevertheless, it is quite possible that nothing substantive will change and that things will just go on more or less as before.
Gentrification is not bad for everyone. If it happens, a lot of things will be better than they were before – there will be less crime, fewer abandoned buildings, many things will look nicer, smell nicer (the garbage will be picked up better) and even be nicer. There’s a lot to be said for good things happening in the neighborhood.
Some people will get screwed. The local stores might go more upscale, but that isn’t that big a deal. The people who are renting and whose landlords can (and do) raise their rent are the big losers; they will quite likely have to find another place to live and they may be unable to find a satisfactory substitute for their current situation. Many of these people were content to spend the rest of their lives there (and had hopes of their children continuing on as well) and will find the disruption in their lives to be a major disaster. Do not underestimate this negative factor; it is a big deal.
The same sort of thing thing can happen to a business – your landlord might raise the rent more than you can afford or just not renew your lease – your business might cater to those people who are going to have to move and may not thrive in more upscale environments. OTOH, you might own your property or have a business which will benefit from gentrification.
Most people will have a mixed bag of impacts. If you are a property owner, your property will be worth more; that’s mostly good news, but if your taxes go up and you are on a small fixed income, you might still get screwed and have to move, although at least you can sell your house at a good price and maybe do even better somewhere else. Otherwise, you’ve just gotten an economic promotion, congratulations.
If you are a renter with some sort of rent control protection you may experience bad behavior by your landlord trying to get you to move, but otherwise you are at least enjoying the benefits of the new environment. Perhaps the landlord will offer you a really good bribe to move?
The new neighbors may not be to your liking – probably not, if you liked the old ones – and they might not like you either, perhaps even hassle you over annoying little things (or get you arrested if your annoying little things are illegal). Chances are it will be a bit uncomfortable (but probably more so for them at first). This can be sad, especially if the old neighborhood had a lot of charm,\; life’s a b___, but no matter what it’s better than if instead of things getting better they were going to hell in the proverbial handbasket
I’ve heard it said that streetcars in particular spur gentrification, because 1. they signal that the city is going to make further investments in an area; 2. they are esthetically appealing to upwardly mobile types. The H Street streetcar in Washington has been especially criticized in this regard. Any thoughts on that idea?
Opposition to “gentrification” is ridiculous: it amounts to a call to make your own neighborhood unpleasant so that rich people will stay away from it. Huh?
Now, I can understand a desire to force the rich people who move in to accept and deal with the culture of the neighborhood you already have. But that’s different.
And I understand not wanting to be priced out. The key to that, however, has nothing to do with “gentrification” and everything to do with public housing policy.
For those to whom history is not bunk, Brooklyn had a superior surface transit system than the slow buses today.
Brooklyn Streetcars 1950’s New York City Transit Authority, Brooklyn Surface Division


Samsung Galaxy Tab S3 appears to have gotten its photo taken prior to the official launch and thanks to the infamous twitter leakster @evleaks, we now have a couple of them floating around the internet.
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S3 passed its TENAA certification last month. The Tab S3 is expected to be launched in two variants, an 8 inch one and a bigger 9.7 inch one. It looks like Samsung plans on taking Apple head on in the tablet game.
The Galaxy Tab S3 is started to feature the latest Qualcomm Snapdragon 652 SoC which has four Cortex-A72 cores coupled to four Cortex-A53 cores. We expect the performance to be in part with the last generation’s flagship chipset, the Snapdragon 810. The Tab S3 will feature 3GB of RAM and 32GB of onboard storage which can be expanded further with the help of a microSD card.
The rear camera is expected to be an 8MP unit capable of 1080p video recording whereas the front camera is limited to 2MP. The Tab S3 will also be available on a 150 Mbps LTE variant.
Both, the 8-inch variant and the 9.7-inch one are expected to feature a Quad HD resolution for a Retina-like viewing experience. The speculated specifications look promising, but pricing will play an important role and we hope Samsung gets it right this time.


No events today
Don’t miss free live music in the Cinnabar with Calliope Musicals playing psychedelic party folk on Friday, January 13th and Saturday, January 14th from 3:30pm- 6:00pm!
See all Cinnabar aprés events here: 2016-17 Aprés Music Schedule
12:30pm - 4:00pm, Sep 04, 2017
5th annual labor day chili cook-off
Megan Collins | Jul 31, 2017
Behind the scenes update of the Wildcat Express project
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SDS Biotech Corp. v. EPA, 617 F. Supp. 319 (D.D.C. 1985)
June 27, 1985
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, et al., Defendants.
United States District Court, District of Columbia.
*320 Harold Himmelman, Cynthia A. Lewis, Robert Brager, Beveridge & Diamond, Washington, D.C., for plaintiff SDS Biotech Corp.; R. Craig Andrews, SDS Biotech Corp., Painesville, Ohio, of counsel.
Julie A. Weisman, Environmental Defense Section, Land & Natural Resources Div., U.S. Dept. of Justice, William L. Jordan, Marcia E. Mulkey, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Div., Office of Gen. Counsel, U.S. E.P.A., Washington, D.C., for Federal defendants.
David B. Weinberg, Jacqueline E. Zins, Susan D. Sawtelle, Wald, Harkrader & Ross, Washington, D.C., for defendant Griffin Corp.
HAROLD H. GREENE, District Judge.
At issue in this case are the pesticide registration requirements of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 U.S.C. §§ 136-136y (1980). Plaintiff, SDS Biotech Corporation, holds a number of pesticide registrations for chlorothalonil products. Defendant, Griffin Corporation, holds two conditional chlorothalonil registrations. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), also a defendant, is responsible for administering the registration program.
The history of this case is somewhat complicated. SDS Biotech obtained the first registrations for chlorothalonil in 1966. In 1972, Congress amended FIFRA establishing a new standard for review of pesticide registrations and requiring EPA to reregister pesticides under the new standards. 7 U.S.C. § 136a(g). During the reregistration process, EPA was not required to cancel existing registrations, even though those registrations had been issued utilizing fewer data than the amended Act would require for a new registration. This resulted in an anomolous situation whereby new applicants were denied registrations to market pesticides identical to products already on the market because they could not meet the Act's more stringent data requirements. To remedy this anticompetitive effect, Congress amended FIFRA again in 1978 and created the conditional registration program whereby new applicants who wished to market products substantially similar to products already on the market were given conditional registrations. They were permitted to market pesticides even though certain data was missing "under such conditions as will require the submission of such data not later than the time such data are required to be submitted with respect to similar pesticides already registered under this [Act]." 7 U.S.C. § 136a(c) (7) (A).
In this case, EPA determined that additional data was required on the teratological risk related to chlorothalonil and it issued a data call-in notice on September 14, 1981. This notice required registrants of pesticide products containing chlorothalonil to provide teratogenicity studies 26 months after receipt of the notice. EPA did not *321 send a notice of the data call-in to Griffin Corporation because in September 1981, Griffin was not a registrant. On November 19, 1981, and on January 1, 1983, EPA issued conditional registrations to Griffin for end-use and technical chlorothalonil products. Again, no mention was made by EPA that a data call-in notice had been issued and that Griffin was required to submit data at the same time that other registrants were required to submit data.
In April 1983, a portion of FIFRA relevant to these proceedings was declared unconstitutional by a District Court and its enforcement enjoined. Section 136a(c) (1) (D), the operation of which was enjoined by the District Court, established a system under which data supplied by one applicant could be used to support other applications, provided that an offer to compensate the original data supplier was made. This procedure was intended to reduce duplicative research and encourage cooperative ventures. It also provides a relatively simple procedure by which new applicants could receive a registration they could cite data previously generated, offer to pay, and be credited with submission of that data. A compulsory arbitration system is also in place to deal with disputes over the amount of compensation.
On July 7, 1983, SDS submitted its information on teratology and on the basis of its compliance with the data call-in, its registration was continued in force. Griffin states that it first discovered the data call-in requirement in November 1983 and thereby found that it was in a situation where it was unable to generate the data by the deadline and was enjoined from using the normal statutory citation/offer to pay procedure. Griffin did make an offer to pay SDS for the citation of its data on December 12, 1983.
EPA did not take action to cancel Griffin's registration, stating that it was deferring any decision on whether Griffin had failed to comply with its conditions of registration until after the Monsanto and Union Carbide litigation was resolved. On March 8, 1984, SDS filed this action to compel EPA to cancel Griffin's registration and on June 8, 1984, this Court issued a stay of proceedings in this case pending the outcome of the Monsanto case.
The injunctions in the Monsanto and Union Carbide cases were finally resolved on October 9, 1984. EPA thereupon took steps to reinstitute the FIFRA procedures permitting citation to earlier submitted data. In December 1984, Griffin filed an application to amend its chlorothalonil registration, cited the SDS data on teratology, as well as other data in EPA files and offered to pay SDS compensation for the use of its data. On February 8, 1985, EPA issued the amended registrations to Griffin.
Presently before the Court are cross-motions for summary judgment and EPA's motion to dismiss as moot. Oral argument *322 was held on May 17, 1985, and this case is now ripe for decision.
The Court is of the view that this case is moot and must therefore be dismissed as there is no continuing case or controversy. The test for mootness was set out by the Supreme Court in County of Los Angeles v. Davis, 440 U.S. 625, 99 S. Ct. 1379, 59 L. Ed. 2d 642 (1979). See also, Doe v. Harris, 696 F.2d 109 (D.C.Cir.1982). A case is moot if the court concludes with assurance that there is no reasonable expectation that the alleged violation will recur and if interim relief or events have completely and irrevocably eradicated the effects of the alleged violation.
The alleged violation in this case was Griffin's failure to submit or cite teratology data at the time such data was due under the data call-in. Under the statute, the remedy for this violation would be for Griffin to submit or cite such data by the due date or for EPA to cancel the Griffin registration. If Griffin cited data submitted by SDS, that company would also have the right under the statute to an irrevocable offer to pay compensation.
At the time the data was due, one of the statutory remedies had been declared unconstitutional and cancellation was the only available remedy. EPA therefore deferred action until the injunctions were vacated and then permitted Griffin to amend its registration, cite SDS teratology data and make an irrevocable offer to pay.
Analyzed under the Davis test, it is clear that there is no reasonable expectation that the alleged violation will recur. The situation was a highly unusual one in which a portion of the statute was declared unconstitutional and enjoined while the remainder of the statute remained in effect. Of the two procedures envisaged by Congress, only one, cancellation, remained as a viable option. EPA accordingly decided to defer any action until the conclusion of the Monsanto case and at that point permitted Griffin to amend. Such an unusual situation is unlikely to recur.
As to the second factor, it is clear that interim events have eradicated the effects of the alleged violation. In order to amend its registration, Griffin had to cite all relevant data, including the teratology studies in question. The standard of review for amended applications is the same standard which would apply to any new application for a conditional registration for chlorothalonil products. 7 U.S.C. § 136a(c) (7) (A). The agency's interpretation that this section of the statute requires the same level of scrutiny for amended as for conditional registrations is reasonable and should not be disturbed unless there is some compelling reason that this interpretation is wrong. Lead Industries Ass'n, Inc. v. EPA, 647 F.2d 1130 (D.C.Cir.1980). Plaintiff has presented no compelling reason for disturbing the EPA interpretation of the statute. An EPA policy of giving the same scrutiny to amended applications and requiring citation of all necessary data is more protective of the environment and thus more in line with the purposes of the Act than the interpretation espoused by SDS Biotech.
Furthermore, Griffin did provide SDS with an irrevocable offer to pay for the citation of data in the amended application. Since EPA has stated that a review of an amended application requires citation of the relevant teratology data, and since Griffin has given an irrevocable offer to pay compensation for the use of the data required for amendment, SDS has received all of the relief it is entitled to under the Act.
*323 SDS argues that EPA was under an obligation to cancel the registration in December 1983, and the only remedy which will make the plaintiff "whole" again would be for the Court to order EPA to cancel the registrations now. The doctrine of mootness does not enable a Court to rewrite the past. It does require that a court consider whether interim events have so changed the nature of the controversy, that there is no longer a live dispute. In this case, where Griffin has amended its registration, cited all the data required for amended applications, and given the plaintiff an irrevocable offer to pay compensation, plaintiff has received all the relief which it is entitled to under the Act and EPA is not now required to cancel the registration.
Accordingly, this case will be dismissed with prejudice on the ground that the Court lacks jurisdiction because of mootness.NOTES
 The notice also required a recipient to inform the EPA within 90 days if it were subject to the terms of the notice and how the recipient planned to comply with the notice. One method of compliance was to make an irrevocable offer to compensate another entity which planned to submit data. Section V-E of September 14, 1981 Data Call-In Notice.
 The District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri enjoined the FIFRA procedure permitting applicants to rely upon data generated and submitted by other applicants if an irrevocable offer to compensate the original data submitter was made. The court found that this procedure constituted an unconstitutional taking. Monsanto Co. v. Acting Administrator, EPA, 564 F. Supp. 552 (E.D.Mo.1983). In a similar case before the Southern District of New York, the court found that the requirement of FIFRA that applicants submit to binding arbitration violated the Constitution by restricting access to judicial review. Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co. v. Ruckleshaus, 571 F. Supp. 117 (S.D.N. Y.1983).
These injunctions remained in effect until July 26, 1984, when the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of FIFRA in the Monsanto case, vacated that injunction, and remanded the case. Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S. Ct. 2862, 81 L. Ed. 2d 815 (1984). The Supreme Court remanded the Union Carbide case for further proceedings, the Union Carbide court reinstated the injunction and that case was again appealed to the Supreme Court. In October 1984, the Supreme Court stayed the injunction in Union Carbide pending appeal of the matter. Ruckelshaus v. Union Carbide, ___ U.S. ___, 104 S. Ct. 3566, 82 L. Ed. 2d 866 (1984), judgment reinstated on remand, 79 Civ. 2913 (RO), injunction stayed pending appeal, ___ U.S. ___, 105 S. Ct. 237, 83 L. Ed. 2d 177 (1984).
 This was the date when the Supreme Court stayed the second Union Carbide injunction. See note 2, supra.
 At oral argument plaintiff argued that the EPA had recently issued a notice of rulemaking under which registrants could fail to comply with their registration requirements without facing cancellation proceedings as EPA would permit late amendments as a regular matter. This opinion expresses no view of the legitimacy of such a rulemaking or of an EPA procedure which would permit late amendments as a matter of course. The facts of this case make it clear that EPA was faced with an extraordinary situation which is unlikely to recur. This case also does not decide whether an applicant, like Griffin, can be excused from a data call-in requirement because it did not receive actual notice.


If the 51-year-old Woodstock woman hadn't confessed to the killings, and to four attempted murders and two aggravated assaults in the fall of 2016, the system — and all its faults — might have just carried on.
There was no question about it.
When Elizabeth Wettlaufer pleaded guilty to killing eight elderly, vulnerable residents at two Southwestern Ontario nursing homes, she revealed herself to be a violent, troubled nurse — the worst killer in the history of Canadian health care.
What’s not so widely known, however, is how the environment within Ontario’s vast long-term care system, made up of more than 600 homes caring for more than 70,000 people, turned out to be fertile ground for Wettlaufer’s murder spree.
If the 51-year-old Woodstock woman hadn’t confessed to the killings, and to four attempted murders and two aggravated assaults in the fall of 2016, the system — and all its faults — might have just carried on.
Instead, if anything meaningful can come from the horror Wettlaufer inflicted by administering deadly insulin overdoses at the nursing homes and while providing home care, it will be from the provincial inquiry into long-term care that just ended its eighth week in St. Thomas, its last before it moves to Toronto next month for its final phase.
Commissioner Eileen Gillese, a judge on Ontario’s highest court, has heard evidence about how the system operates, the policies and guidelines it’s supposed to follow and the people who work within it.
So far, what’s emerged is a portrait of a broken system that failed to catch up with a woman who’d been fired twice, admitted drug use and mental health issues, and yet had good standing in her profession.
It’s not pretty:
- Too few staff, too many residents
- Coroners failing to see the need for autopsies on the elderly
- A bureaucracy more intent on policy creation than concrete actions.
The inquiry was called in the wake of Wettlaufer’s court case a year ago to figure out how the former nurse — sentenced to life in prison, with no chance of parole for 25 years — was able to carry on her crimes undetected for so long.
She committed the murders over seven years, from 2007 to 2014, killing seven residents of Caressant Care in Woodstock and one at Meadow Park in London.
It will take years to fix the system that Wettlaufer exploited.
With most of the testimony now in, we asked some people involved with the inquiry, or with interests in it, what they see as the biggest takeaways so far and how it might lead to improvements.
Chief executive, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO)
The RNAO was the first organization to call for the inquiry after Wettlaufer was sentenced. Grinspun said she has no regrets. “More and more I think we did the right thing. I would do it all over again.”
When Wetllaufer’s murders became public, the RNAO and other health-care workers were “devastated that one of our own can do such a brutality,” she said. Nurses from across Ontario called her with horror stories of neglect in long-term care homes, she said, mostly because of a lack of adequate staffing.
The idea was to put the spotlight on the care inside the homes.
“Without an (inquiry), we never could have put all the pieces together,” she said. “Leave no stone unturned and do the best we can so it never happens again.”
Grinspun said the inquiry has pointed to the need for coroners to be more willing to do autopsies on the aged. But she’s been most “pleasantly impressed” by the exposure of low staffing levels in the homes.
“I was afraid it might be put under the carpet, but it’s been raised by everybody,” she said.
There’s been evidence the ratio of residents to nursing staff is painfully lacking, sometimes one registered nurse for every 300 residents in some large homes.
In general, “you really have only nine per cent (registered nurses), 19 per cent (registered practical nurses) and the rest are all unregulated (staff) . . . you wouldn’t have that staffing anywhere else.“
Also heard at the inquiry is how inspectors are sent to homes to investigate what’s wrong. “The whole approach to inspection, the whole approach to funding is a punitive approach,” Grinspun said.
She said funding is often reduced when a home improves after inspections, with the residents becoming healthier — for example, with less incontinence, fewer falls and fewer pressure ulcers,
“If Premier (Doug) Ford and Health and Long-term Care Minister (Christine) Elliott want to do something very right here, they should focus on the funding model and revamp the funding model,” she said.
What’s clear to Grinspun is that ageism – a prejudice against the elderly – is “very true, but it’s true first and foremost by the government.”
“If the government is serious about making a difference in the next four years, it’s not just the hallway nursing,” she said, referring to reports of people lingering in hospital hallways awaiting treatment that Ford has vowed to end. “It is the situation of our vulnerable people in nursing homes. Most of them can’t speak for themselves.”
Vice-president of advocacy, CARP (Canadian Association of Retired Persons)
The inquiry has shown “we’ve lost sight of the fact that long-term care is a person’s home,” Morris said. That’s meant some “really unacceptable situations” have become normal.
“I think that’s part of ageism,” she said, pointing to a comment heard during the examination of the coroners system: “that there is no death that is unexpected” at nursing homes.
The staffing shortages, especially involving nurses inside homes, have become routine.
The key flaw, she said, is that people are asked to self-report issues but are penalized for it. “We’re expecting people to report something when their future could depend on them not reporting it.”
Her overall impression is that the system is subject to “over-regulation and a lack of information.”
“I think we want to make ourselves feel good that we’re doing something, so let’s pass a regulation,” she said. But all that means is more paperwork for staff, instead of caring for residents.
She hopes one outcome of the inquiry will be “a system of spontaneous checks,” which will be followed up. Spot checks on care facilities would trigger a better way to focus than simply collecting information and “then missing pretty, darned obvious red flags,” she said.
“We need a fundamental transformation of how we do long-term care,” she said.
One of the lawyers representing families of Wettlaufer victims
The initial shock for the families of nursing home residents murdered by Wettlaufer cut deep and the inquiry, Scott said, has sent more tremors through their lives.
“Obviously, a lot of the revelations that are coming out are hard to hear,” he said.
“There’s almost nobody more important to you than your mother and when you’re responsible for placing them in somebody else’s care and then you find out you placed them in the care of a murderer, then that’s tough. There’s just no way to get over that hurdle.”
One of his clients, Beverly Bertram, survived an insulin overdose Wettlaufer gave her when she was supposed to be giving Bertram home care.
“Imagine finding out that somebody had tried to kill you,” he said. “That’s a shocking, shocking thing and it’s tough to get over that idea.”
Still, Scott said, there are reasons for the families to have hope. “I think this is having some positive effects for my clients in that they are seeing that sunlight is being let into this and we’re finding out the deficiencies and I’m hopeful we’re going to fix it.”
The main takeaways, he said, are low staffing and funding levels in long-term care homes.
“Every single aspect so far that I’ve heard comes back to this issue – nurses and (staff) bodies in the long-term care homes to take care of people, not just at a basic level, but at a level we would want our loved one to be taken care of.”
But what’s clear is that had Wettlaufer not confessed, “I don’t think there is a shred of evidence that would have linked her to it.”
“Every single person that has been up on the stand and has been asked the question, ‘Did you have any indication’, have all answered the same way: ‘No, of course not.’ ”
Counsel, Ontario Association of Residents’ Councils, an umbrella group for residents councils in long-term care homes
“What we really are finding is there were numerous people in positions of power and authority who had obligations to do things they didn’t do,” she said.
“For example, people didn’t report things about Ms. Wettlaufer that should have been reported. The coroner did not do proper investigations of deaths that should have been investigated, where there was evidence that there were issues.”
No one knew Wettlaufer was a murderer, but there were enough of “all these little things” that should have been reported to the Ministry of Health and Long-term Care and College of Nurses of Ontario, she said.
“There were serious concerns about her professionalism, the services she was providing, (and) she was abusing patients by not providing them with care. She was neglecting them by not providing them pain medication and people knew about this and they were not reporting that to the ministry.”
The revelations of failures to report problems are just “the surface,” she said.
The province has “this robust legislation,” she said, but if there aren’t proper inspections, or people don’t file complaints, often because they don’t know they can, “it just adds to this whole problem.”
“We really need to look at it, because, unlike a daycare, you’re not picking your child up at the end of the day. That person is there 24-7, usually 365 (days) and it’s a different system all together.”
And because many of those same people are vulnerable, often with dementia, they can’t speak out.
“Even though there seems to be more scrutiny and a lot more legislation, in fact, there probably is less focus,” she said.
Co-counsel for the commissioner
The first eight weeks of the inquiry was “to get the story of what happened,” Zigler said.
“Not so much from Wettlaufer’s perspective, because she had that when she was sentenced, but from the perspective of how the system failed to deter or catch her or detect anything,” he said.
The main takeaway, he said, “is let’s look forward now. What can we do to deter and detect these sorts of crimes?”
“There’s no guarantee that there will never be another Wettlaufer, but what protections can you put into the system to make sure that happens?,” he said. “And, hopefully, all the participants will focus on that.”
While what’s emerged so far are a variety of issues and concerns in long-term care, “the commissioner’s job isn’t to wave a magic wand and fix everything in the system.”
The focus must turn back to the people who were murdered and harmed by a registered nurse, the person who should have been the most trusted in their care.
The commissioner, he said, has taken the approach that allows everyone “to say their piece.”
At closing submissions, the victims’ families will have a chance to speak.
The commissioner’s job, Zigler said, will be to make recommendations to the government about what can be done to protect long-term care residents and home-care patients from a potential murderer.
“That’s what this is about. It’s pretty serious stuff. You think it’s simple, but it’s not,” he said.
“There should be an awareness that this thing can happen and we shouldn’t just take the system for granted and say that this will never happen again.
“If you know this can happen, that’s Step 1. And Step 2 is what can you do.”


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A guest article by Charmaine Fraser
While it is recognised that family members of National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) participants provide invaluable support to their loved ones, exactly how the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) decides what is reasonable to expect from families can sometimes seem confusing.
Here are links to guidelines and other resources that I commonly refer to in my role as a support coordinator to help me to better understand how the NDIA views the role of families.
As well as the familiar purple NDIS website, the NDIA has a new web page in development – Our Guidelines: How we make decisions – where the Agency’s updated operational guidelines are released. In the section titled Reasonable and necessary supports the NDIA details what supports it considers to be reasonable for a participant’s family, friends and community to provide.
What does the NDIA reasonably expect informal supports to provide to a person aged under 18 years?
The NDIA guidelines say it is normal to expect parents to provide ‘substantial care and support to children’, and that it is ‘usual for parents to provide almost all the care and support that young children need’. For participants aged under 18 years, the Agency will consider:
- whether support needs are ‘substantially greater’ because of disability, compared to children of the same age;
- risks to the wellbeing of the people providing informal support; and
- funding support that will build skills and capacity in the future and reduce risks.
This is a good opportunity to link to a resource prepared by the Independent Advisory Council (IAC) to the NDIS, a powerful body formed to represent the participants’ voice in the NDIS by providing independent advice directly to the NDIA board. Reasonable and Necessary Support across the Lifespan: An Ordinary Life for People With Disability – a 2014 paper released by the IAC – includes an appendix providing a useful table comparing what children with disability are doing at key life stages with what children without disability are doing. This information can be used to identify where a child’s disability related support needs are substantially greater than peers of the same age.
What informal supports does the NDIA reasonably expect to be provided to a person aged over 18 years?
For participants over the age of 18, the NDIA guidelines consider:
- how old carers are, and their capacity to provide support;
- if other family members can help those providing informal supports in their caring roles;
- the intensity of support required and whether it is appropriate for informal supports to provide this; and
- any long term risks to the wellbeing of those providing informal supports.
Families supporting adult children should ensure that reports and recommendations submitted to the Agency detail current support arrangements, identify gaps that are filled by family members, highlight areas of caregiver strain, and assess risks posed to the wellbeing of the participant, as well as the sustainability of informal supports.
Does the NDIA pay family members to provide support?
I’m regularly asked if the NDIA will pay family members to support their loved ones. The answer lies in the ‘Sustaining informal supports’ section of the Including Specific Types of Supports in Plans Operational Guideline.
The NDIA believes that funding a family member to provide support could be detrimental to family relationships and, as such, it will only consider funding family members to provide support in exceptional circumstances. These circumstances might include where there is a risk of harm or neglect, where there are religious or cultural reasons, or where consideration is given to strong personal views in relation to privacy or dignity.
How support coordinators can help families to navigate the NDIS
One of the key roles of a support coordinator is to build a participant’s capacity and capability to navigate the NDIS. We can support participants and their families to:
- understand NDIA guidelines around the expectations of families;
- map the participant’s informal support network;
- identify where informal supports may be experiencing strain and where additional funded supports may be required to sustain informal supports; and
- monitor for risk to the wellbeing of informal supports and ensure any risk is communicated to the NDIA to support planning decisions.

domain: sociology


Thursday May 3, 2012 12:29 pm
Steven Spielberg Was ‘So Excited’ to meet Lindsay Lohan
Steven Spielberg felt "like a little kid" when he met Lindsay Lohan for the first time on Saturday night.
The director was very excited to speak to the actress when he stopped off at her table during the 98th Annual White House Correspondents' Association dinner in Washington D.C. After being introduced to the actress, he said, "I feel like a kid, because I'm so excited to meet you."
Lindsay enjoyed chatting to Diane Keaton at the dinner - which was also attended by Kim Kardashian and her mother Kris Jenner, Elle MacPherson, Josh Hutcherson, Mary J. Blige, Goldie Hawn and Eva Longoria - and George Clooney also said hi to the blonde star.
The 25-year-old beauty - who is infamous for her legal and drug problems - attended the event with Fox News anchor Greta Van Susteren, who revealed Lindsay is "passionate" about her acting career.
"Lindsay is passionate about movies and her work. You mention the art of moviemaking, and she really digs into the topic. We had a long talk about movies in the car as we were stuck in traffic. Many people only get to see Lindsay through the eyes of the media, but it was a totally different experience to sit down and have a conversation with her," Greta told The New York Post.
During a visit to the ladies' room at the dinner, Lindsay gave an elderly Hispanic cleaner called Bianca $100 and told her, "you're too old to be doing this." The attendant initially refused the kind gesture, but Lindsay insisted she accept her gift and pushed the cash into her hand while saying, "Please, you're too old to be doing this kind of work."
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- directors, events, greta van susteren, journalists, lindsay lohan, parties, steven spielberg, white house, white house correspondents' association dinner
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2017 Dodge Ram Wont Shift Out Of Park
2017 Dodge Ram Wont Shift Out Of Park. Truck won't shift out of park. 2013 2500 ram hooked to loaded dump trailer.
The problem is frustratingly simple: Rock the vehicle with your foot off the brake. Parking brake light is on all the time.
The Trailer Is Empty Or Less Than A Ton.
This morning would move out of park. The issue is that i have brake and headlights, but whenever i hit the parking light switch it cuts off the brake lights. Dodge ram truck wont shift into park or reverse.
Thinking About This Issue As Described In The First Post I Do Believe It Has Nothing To Do With The Transmission.
Picked up a used 2020 bighorn with 30k miles about a month ago and about 2 weeks ago starting having an intermittent problem where after i start the truck. My 2017 dodge ram 1500 will not dial out of park. Press the brake down when you have rocked toward the hill a bit.
I'm Having A Problem With My 2017 Ram 1500'S 8 Speed Transmission Shifting Into Auto Park After I Engage Drive With A Trailer Attached.
Turn the vehicle engine on. I have changed all bulbs and driver's side circuit board and parking light switch. Rock the vehicle with your foot off the brake.
Parking Brake Light Is On All The Time.
About 50% of the time when i put the gear selector in park, the p flashes and i can't shut the engine off until i jiggle around the gear selector just right. Won't shift out of park. Truck won't shift out of park.
Jump To Latest Follow Status Not Open For Further Replies.
I was shifting out of 4 wheel dirve and the truck made a bad gear grinding noise and the shifting sticky shuddered hard at the same time. Dodge did issue a recall for the problem in 2010. The problem is frustratingly simple:


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The recipe card itself has a print feature that solves the problem of printing out the whole post.I was visiting my family down south and decided to take the bold step to bake this recipe.
Melt In Your Mouth Chicken - Skinny Points RecipesTurn the chicken several times, ending with the skin side down.In trying to lighten up our meals around here, Since one of my goals this year is to eat healthier foods and try to make healthy recipes, I am trying to incorporate lighter ingredients into some of my favorite recipes.Ingredients. Get inspired 12 Tomatoes recipes in your Inbox.
Melt-In-Your-Mouth Baked Chicken - recipes55.com
Lindsay August 8, 2018 at 12:20 am Reply I made this tonight and loved the flavor.You can never have too many quick and easy chicken dinner recipes.
I love chicken recipes like this that are so easily adaptable.At the end of cooking, I always remove the skin, this chicken will melt in your mouth,.The prep time on this Melt In Your Mouth Chicken Recipe is literally minutes.
Place the chicken in an oven-safe baking dish, skin side down.Spray a large rimmed baking sheet with non-stick cooking spray.
Shelly December 23, 2018 at 7:55 am Reply Yes, brown the chicken in a large skillet Add the topping, cover the skillet and cook on medium-low for 10 (or so) minutes until the chicken is cooked through.
Melt in Your Mouth Chicken Breasts - Recipes - FaxoLeah December 21, 2018 at 7:07 pm Reply I just tried this recipe tonight.
Serve immediately. 321 0.2 g 642.2 mg 12.6 g 3.2 g 46.1 g 145 mg Keywords: chicken breast recipe, chicken dinner recipe, MIYM chicken, MIYM recipe, melt in your mouth chicken Did you make this recipe.
62 Melt-In-Your-Mouth Slow Cooker Recipes to Keep You WarmMy mom used to make it with mayonnaise and while that was fine, I always thought she may have used a little too much.One result this Simple Overnight Melt-in-Your-Mouth Beef Roast.
MELT IN YOUR MOUTH CHICKEN BREASTS recipe | Epicurious.comHeather October 24, 2018 at 10:06 pm Reply This looks so good.
Simple Overnight Melt-in-your-Mouth Beef Roast | HeavenlyMelt In Your Mouth Chicken Wings Feb 5. Seriously guys they melt in your mouth.
This melt in your mouth gallery of 20 Melt In Your Mouth Chicken Breast Recipes includes some of the most tasty around.This melt-in-your-mouth chicken is utterly as moist as the name implies.
See original recipe at: thecookinchicks.com. kept by teezzzie recipe by thecookinchicks.com.So thank you thank you thank you for this easy and delish meal.Stephani November 3, 2018 at 2:48 pm Reply Made this today, added dried parsley into the mixture and sprinkled with paprika.Turn the oven to broil and broil the breasts an additional 2-4 minutes or until the chicken turns golden brown.
10 Best Melt in Your Mouth Cakes Recipes - YummlyIn a small bowl, combine the mayonnaise, parmesan cheese, seasoning salt, black pepper, and garlic powder.
Mike December 1, 2018 at 1:03 pm Reply Hi Shelly, looks really great and plan to prepare it for the family very soon.Olga January 9, 2019 at 3:24 pm Reply I only have swiss chhes and sharp cheddar.
Please make sure to Like and share this Recipe with your friends on Facebook and also follow us on facebook and Pinterest to get our latest Yummy Recipes.
Melt in Your Mouth Caesar Chicken – Kemmy RecipesPlus, all of your private notes can now be found directly on the recipe page under the directions.My chicken was not brown on the bottom (I should have realized that would happen).Bake it for 25-ish minutes, and then pop it under the broiler to brown up the cheese on top.Thanks Moly Shelly November 17, 2018 at 8:43 am Reply You can easily reheat the chicken in the microwave for individual servings, or if you would like to reheat the whole tray in the oven I would cover it with foil and bake at 350 for 20 or so minutes until heated.Parmesan Crusted Chicken -We use pounded thin chicken breasts, coat in a delicious Parmesan coating, and then fried to make them crispy.
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domain: food


The US has so far issued nearly 1,00,000 work authorisations to spouses of H-1B workers, a significantly large number of whom are Indians.
In a big relief for foreign workers in the US tech sector, a judge has ruled that spouses of H-1B visa holders can work in the United States.
In the process, US District Judge Tanya Chutkan dismissed a lawsuit filed by Save Jobs USA which had approached the court to dismiss the Obama-era regulation that gave employment authorization cards to spouses of certain categories of H-1B visa holders.
Tech companies such as Amazon, Apple, Google, and Microsoft had opposed the lawsuit. The US has so far issued nearly 1,00,000 work authorisations to spouses of H-1B workers, a significantly large number of whom are Indians.
In her order, Judge Chutkan said the primary contention of Save Jobs USA is that Congress has never granted the Department of Homeland Security authority to allow foreign nationals, like H-4 visa-holders, to work during their stay in the United States.
But that contention runs headlong into the text of the Immigration and Nationality Act, decades of executive-branch practice and both explicit and implicit congressional ratification of that practice, she wrote.
The judge wrote that Congress has expressly and knowingly empowered the US Government to authorize employment as a permissible condition of an H-4 spouse’s stay in the United States.
The fact that the federal government has had longstanding and open responsibility for authorizing employment for similar visa classes further manifests Congress’ approval of it exercising that authority, she said.
The Department of Homeland Security and its predecessors have authorized employment not just for students, but also for their spouses and dependents, Judge Chutkan wrote in the ruling.
Also, the Department of Homeland Security has long extended work authorization to spouses of foreign government officials and spouses of employees or officers of international organizations, the judge wrote as she dismissed the lawsuit filed by Save Jobs USA.
Ajay Bhutoria, a prominent community leader and advocate for immigrant rights, has applauded the decision by the court to allow H1B spouses to work and support their families.
The H1B visa programme is designed to allow skilled foreign workers to come to the United States and work for American companies. However, until recently, H1B spouses were not allowed to work, which often placed a significant financial burden on families, he said.
“With the court’s decision to allow H1B visa holders’ spouses to work, thousands of families across the country will be able to breathe a little easier. This decision will provide much-needed relief to families who have been struggling to make ends meet and it will help to ensure that these families can stay together and thrive,” Bhutoria said.
“Allowing H1B spouses to work is not just a matter of economic fairness, but it is also a matter of family unity and stability. I applaud the court’s decision, and I hope that this is just the first step towards a more compassionate and equitable immigration system,” he said.


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The last time I played, you got a card (or two, or three) and when you got all the random numbers on your card you called Bingo and that was that. It was exciting, and fun it play.
It's still fun to play, and WAY more exciting. So exciting (and quick! who knew those old ducks could be so swift with their dobbers!) that you can only play one card at a time. Your card is broken up into about ten different games, with all numbers from 1 - 100 on it with some blank spaces. But you don't just have to get a full game. Oh no, that would be way too easy! You've got games like front steps followed by a full house, back steps, kojack, man's waist, bikini, woman's waist, whiner's game, and a heap of others. A lot of them are followed by a 'full house', which means after the special game is won, you need to fill to the full game.
The night started at 7:30pm, and when we walked in the old ladies gave us a bit of look as if they were worried we would ruin the night for them. But, we bought our game cards, and some raffle tickets and sat down quietly. Once they realised we weren't going to be idiots, they came up to us before every game to make sure we understood what the game was (9 times out of ten we had no idea, so it was great they did. I must admit, some of the games were too complicated for me and I used those games to just practise my dobbing). And the caller called the numbers so fast! We could barely keep up! (And you need to keep up. If you realise that you've won, but they're calling the next number it's too late. You can't win.)
Anyway, long story short.... I won 3 times!! I was very excited. That, my friends, equates to two cooked chickens and a three pack of old lady soap. (And I was very excited over the old lady soap, as I was going to buy soap the next time I went grocery shopping.) To make sure I didn't overstep the mark winning so much, (and also that there's no way that I could eat two whole chickens before they went off) I asked one of the ladies on our table if she would like one of my chickens. She was very grateful, and as she had not won anything she accepted my chicken (and I never thought that would be a sentence I would ever write. I think I would like that as an icon. Hmmmm....) and she was happy she was not going home empty handed.
And it's a good night out in terms of value for money. $2 for the dobber (A bright orange dobber which I will keep and treasure), $5 for the game cards, and $2 in raffle tickets. I couldn't buy a chicken for that little!
We've got plans to go again next Thursday. We're going to take our own swear jar, as we kept almost swearing when we either had only one number to go, or if we couldn't find the number on our card and we were starting to fall behind.
Seriously people, you need to go to Bingo. You won't regret it.

domain: hobby


text:
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text:
In the ruling the judge determined that all of Qualcomm’s asserted GSM patent claims are invalid. Therefore Nokia does not need to compensate Qualcomm for these patents.
“We are pleased with the Court’s decision that the patent claims are invalid and believe it is consistent with and supported by the facts,’ said Rick Simonson, chief financial officer at Nokia.
This is the second court to rule in favopur of the mobile phone firm. In a separate case filed by Qualcomm against Nokia, the US International Trade Commission (ITC) last week decided against Qualcomm’s petition for review of Judge Luckern’s Initial Determination issued in December, 2007.
Judge Luckern concluded that Nokia does not infringe the three alleged Qualcomm patents in the case and that one of the patents is invalid. This ITC investigation has now been terminated.
“While Qualcomm is disappointed with the Commission’s decision, we are focusing on the recent consolidation of the arbitration with the case in Delaware. We believe that the consolidation will resolve many important contract disputes between Nokia and Qualcomm more quickly and efficiently,” said Don Rosenberg, general counsel of Qualcomm.
Qualcomm filed 11 lawsuits against Nokia around the world over more than two years. Other patents are at issue in separate cases filed by Qualcomm against Nokia in China, Europe and the US. The parties have agreed to temporarily stay these patent infringement lawsuits pending court proceedings in the Delaware Chancery Court.
Patent invalidation actions, filed by Nokia against Qualcomm patents in suit, continue in China and Germany.

domain: news


In the house of representatives of the congress of the U.S. Made a proposal to save budget 2017 expense item to allocate to Ukraine the funds for the purchase of weapons. Such a proposal came from members of the appropriations committee of the lower house of the us congress. We are talking about the possibility of financial supplies to kyiv for the purchase of weapons except portable anti-aircraft missile systems. The proposal of the committee on appropriations will be considered next week.
The amount, intended for the allocation of Ukraine and registered at the moment in the us military budget is about $ 150 million. Previously it was assumed that these funds, Ukraine will be able to purchase units of decommissioned weapons from NATO countries "For the euro-atlantic integration and protection from Russian aggression". The document notes that the mentioned amount will have to go through two us agencies – the Pentagon and the state department. There eventually needs to coordinate the preparations for the transfer of funds, if the decision of the american parliamentarians will be accepted. In the United States believe that such a complex scheme could be linked to corruption, keeping in mind that after the "Matching" between the Pentagon and the state department is not the entire amount can reach up to Kiev. Independent ukrainian experts believe that the remainder of the funds will be stolen in Kiev, if at all it comes. By the way, earlier, the us reported about the readiness of Ukraine to allocate 0,4 billion bailout for the purchase of arms.
According to the information of the Internet newspaper "Sight", the press service of the St.
In the administration of the President of Ukraine said that organized radicals, commodity blockade of Donbass at the moment is the best of the Russian Federation.
According to RIA Novosti, Deputy commander of the regiment of naval aviation of the black sea fleet Colonel Andrew Kohut reported increased radius of action given to him equipment:Naval aviation of the black sea fleet today expanded the tactical radius of their actions and are able to lead patrols around the perimeter of the Black sea.


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A Week in Orlando & Cruising the Caribbean
As we are always looking for the next thing to explore on our Florida vacations it was inevitable that at some point we would investigate the many Cruise opportunities from Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Port Canaveral and Tampa. On our trip to Florida last year (2010) we spent a lot of time in Miami admiring the Cruise Liners in port, it was then that we decided that 2011 would we the year we finally got our sea legs !!
We chose a two centre break with the first part of our Florida Vacation being in Orlando where we spent a week enjoying Disney World, Universal Studios and all of the other attractions in the Kissimmee and Disney World area. My personal favourite is Epcot as I love to explore World Showcase, where else can you enjoy lunch at a little French patisserie followed by dinner in Japan and then end the evening with the magical Epcot fireworks.....by far the best fireworks of all the parks. My favourite ride at Epcot is a multi sensory experience which simulates a hang-gliding flight over the Golden State of California – you can even smell the Orange Groves. Make this your first ride of the day as the fast passes run out early in the day.
After a fun packed week in Orlando we headed off to Miami to start our cruise adventure. It’s around a three and a half hour drive from Miami which we enjoy as we stop off en-route and make it part of the experience, however budget airlines fly frequently from Orlando to Miami. We took a 7 day Western Caribbean Cruise on the Carnival Valor, which is a massive 952 feet long and has a maximum capacity of 3,700 passengers!!
Our cruise was over the Easter break therefore the ship was busy but not so much so that you could not find a lounger by the pool or a table to have lunch at etc. There was a great mix of people of all age groups with the main numbers being made up of family groups although there we lots of couples too.
The food was amazing with our favourites being the formal dinners each evening in the Lincoln Dining Room; however the Pizzeria was also a firm favourite as was the Mongolian food station. Every palate was catered for and food was available (and included in the cruise price) 24 hours per day. I am not sure if this was a good thing as we seemed to eat every couple of hours!!! Book in a week at the gym after your cruise ......you will need it!!
Another big hit on the Cruise was the Kids Club, our daughter is 10 and she loved the activities, especially the scavenger hunts, t-shirt painting and party evenings. We liked having a little time each day to ourselves too. The Serenity area is adults only with luxurious loungers and cabanas.....oh and a bar too in case you need a Margarita to cool you down.
The ports of call on the Western Caribbean cruise included Grand Cayman, Isla Roatan, Belize and Cozumel. Our favourites were Grand Cayman where we went on a Snuba activity (cross between Scuba and Snorkel) and Cozumel where we swam with Dolphins.
I cannot recommend a two centre break in Florida highly enough. An action packed week in Orlando followed by a week cruising the Caribbean is a heavenly experience..... We are already looking at the Eastern Caribbean Cruise to tag on to our next vacation in Florida.

domain: geography


text:
When you get a DWI it is natural to feel ashamed, alone, deeply disappointing in yourself and even angry. It is also natural when falsely accused to feel deep resentment, bitterness towards the police and rage over feelings of being violated and disrespected. If you get down on yourself please know that there will always be an end to this saga. “Drink. Drive. Go to Jail.” is NOT the law. “Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over.” is NOT the law. Know that many good people have been where you’re at.
When you face a DWI charge it can be scary, intimidating, and exhausting. Throughout the process of your case, you will want a caring, knowledgeable, and hard-working team on your side. The Coffey Firm will help you you through this process.
Each of our attorneys work hands on to ensure that you will feel comfortable, and made aware of all of your options. Our confidential evaluations are free, all you need to do is call us!
The Texas Penal Code defines a DWI, in section 49.04 as “A person commits an offense if the person is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place.”
The Texas Penal Code defines Intoxicated, in section 49.01 as “not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of the introduction of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug, a dangerous drug, a combination of two or more of those substances, or any other substance in the body, or having an alcohol concentration of .08 or more.”
How do I find out if my drivers license is suspended or revoked?
You can go to the Texas DPS Website.
You will need the following information:
- Texas Drivers License Number
- Date of Birth
- Last 4 Digits of your Social Security Number
1st DWI: Class B Misdemeanor, 3 – 180 Days, up to $2,000 fine
2nd DWI: Class A Misdemeanor, 30 Days – 1 Year, up to $4,000 fine
3rd DWI: 3rd Degree Felony, 2 – 10 Years, up to $10,000 fine
DWI w/Child Under 15: State Jail Felony, 6 Months – 2 Years, up to $10,000 fine
** If you get charged with a DWI with a B.A.C. of over .15 you will automatically be charged with a Class A Misdemeanor**
When people look for a Top DWI Attorney or Best DWI Attorney, they look for experience, certification, and respect in the legal community. Mimi Coffey is a nationally-renowned trial attorney, board-certified in DWI by the NCDD. She has been practicing for over 24 years and is an author of multiple DWI Defense textbooks. She is also a national and state-wide lecturer on the law.
The Coffey Firm handles a wide variety of cases, including Unlawful Carrying Weapon (UCW), Assault (including family violence), and Possession charges.
Mimi is also listed on several “top” directory listings such as DWI Lawyers for Wise County, DWI Lawyer Tarrant County, DWI attorney Dallas County, DWI attorneys Collin County and DWI Lawyer Parker County. Mimi is a caring DWI Lawyer in DFW, She is also involved in the Texas Tech School of Law foundation and enjoys using the skills she has developed to give back to the community.

domain: law


text:
It’s still very early in the football season, but there are a few fuzzy cheeked freshmen who have asserted themselves as legitimate playmakers.
Quarterback Daniel Jones with the Duke Blue Devils, 6-foot-5, 210 pounder, has already tossed for 800 yards with two touchdowns and two interceptions. He is the country’s 22nd ranked passer, completing 61.3 percent of his throws. Head coach David Cutcliffe’s team will face a stiff challenge this weekend when they travel to South Bend.
A few notches behind Jones is another freshman, Texas freshman Shane Buechele (6-1 191), who leads the Longhorns with 720 yards, seven touchdowns and two picks through the air. He is completing 66.3 percent of his attempts.
Ohio State lost Ezekiel Elliott, the school’s second ranked all time rusher. Freshman running back Michael Weber has filled those shoes quickly, ranking as the country’s 13th best runner with 351 yards and a 6.5 yards per tote. He had 136 yards in his college debut against Bowling Green. Against the Oklahoma Sooners in Norman, he tallied for 123 yards on the ground. The undefeated Buckeyes feel comfortable with Weber thus far.
A pair of freshman defensive players are opening eyes as well.
Florida defensive end Jabari Zuniga already has accumulated four sacks along with eight tackles in three games. The Gators are the top sack team in college football with 16 total. The Florida defense is stout, allowing a mere 4.7 points, 42 yards on the ground and 87 yards through the air per outing.
Iowa’s 6-foot-7, 250 pound end Anthony Nelson has 10 tackles and four sacks.
Incidentally, LSU has 11 sacks, placing them second in the SEC and 10th nationally. Arden Key is currently the top sacker in the league with five.
IN THE CARDS…
The upstart Louisville Cardinals are all the rage in college football these days. They are averaging 346 yards per game on the ground and 333.3 yards by air. I’d say that’s fairly balanced.
Louisville travels to Marshall this weekend, but the following weekend will be quite a matchup when the Cardinals invade Clemson. We will know then exactly how good U of L really is.


text:
Company C reaches new heights at Yerba Buena
Published 4:00 am, Tuesday, April 15, 2008
Twyla Tharp is no mere mortal. When she wasn't choreographing Broadway shows or making major commissions for ballet companies, she went into the studio with some of her favorite dancers and tossed off little gems of Tharpian speed and wit - just to kill the downtime. A few years ago, she did just that with Charles Neshyba-Hodges and Whitney Simler, two performers in her mega-hit musical "Moving Out." The resulting ballet, "Armenia," was never performed, but it survived in a video recording and in the memories of the dancers. It was also among the buried little gems Ginger Montel, the woman responsible for licensing Tharp's ballets - and spreading the Tharp renaissance across the country - offered to Company C Contemporary Ballet founder and Artistic Director Charles Anderson last year.
So it was that this East Bay company on the rise came to give the world premiere of Tharp's "Armenia" at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts Theater over the weekend. And so continued Anderson's unusual development of this ever more accomplished chamber troupe.
Company C could have been mere vanity project - after all, it bears Anderson's first initial and dances mostly his works. Instead, over the past five years, Anderson has tapped his New York connections (he danced with New York City Ballet from 1985 to 1993), and Company C has danced ballets by luminaries ranging from Paul Taylor to the too-rarely-performed Antony Tudor. Anderson's dancers grow with every challenge.
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"Armenia" is a potent reminder that Tharp's trifles look like less fluent choreographers' small masterpieces. The duet is set to six of the "Ten Armenian Folk Songs and Dances" adapted by Vardapet Komitas, who died in 1935. They're mostly cheerful, vibrant songs (heard as a recording on Sunday), and Tharp rushes into them with her typical high-low culture promiscuity.
Crisp classical forms slide effortlessly into swirling, hula-hooping hips. Jenna Maule throws herself on Kevin Delaney's back and soon he's boogieing with her through a dizzying compendium of surprising shapes when not slinking up from the floor in vigorous gymnastic feats.
Tharp's invention and references never let up - at one point Maule has a "Dying Swan"-type passage, but soon enough she's throwing in little folk touches, like a flexed foot twisting off the end of an arabesque. Stephanie Verrieres and Kimie Sako's costuming mixes sweatpants for him, boy shorts and a flounced skirt with corset laces above for her. That skirt made me think of another breakneck pas de deux, Balanchine's "Tarantella," and wonder whether Tharp hadn't been thinking of it a bit, too. Delaney was wonderful in his muscular clarity; Maule could stand to push her expressive energy a bit more over the top, but she tackled the technical challenges with aplomb.
"Armenia" was not the only impressive choreography on this packed bill. Gianna Davy and Delaney gave a touching performance of "Vespers," by former Paul Taylor dancer David Grenke. The music is Tom Waits' rendition of "Waltzing Matilda," and the idea of the piece is simple but effective: Davy, in silk pajamas, is the lifeless body Delaney tosses about and tries to pull back to life.
The program launched with Michael Smuin's "Starshadows," to Ravel, not one of the finest representations of his legacy. The women among these three couples looked uncomfortable with the tacky body-stocking costumes and lurid contortions.
Meanwhile, though I've never been a big fan of Anderson's own choreography, I found his contributions Sunday agreeable. I didn't see the purported theme of lost childhood in "Echoes of Innocence," to grimly manipulated piano music by Ingram Marshall, but Patrick Hajduk's lighting and Dan Nelson's video projections on tall panels looked fabulous. The ensemble writhed with commitment, and Charlene Hannibal as the tortured central woman and Scott Pascal as the man who stalks her gave the flailing choreography tension and drama.
Anderson's competent take on Ravel's "Bolero" closed the show. Kate Lieberth stood out for her confident musicality, Laura Rutledge for her long, clear lines. Who knows how far these dancers can go if Anderson keeps feeding them great works?
Company C Contemporary Ballet: Program repeats 8 p.m. May 23-24. Lesher Center for the Arts, 1601 Civic Drive, Walnut Creek. Tickets: $25-$40. (925) 943-7469.

domain: artistic


4-Piece Replacement Bearing Bushing Kit (Compatible with TiRant RAZOR V1, V2 & V3)
Expand your TiRant RAZOR with a vast line of compatible accessories to increase functionality or refresh parts that may wear over time!
Pick Your Options:
We know you will love this knife, but If you are not 100% satisfied within 30-days, return it without any questions asked!
Have any questions? Please contact us!
Get your knife gliding smooth again with this bushing refresh kit !
Want to refresh your bushings? We’ve got your covered! Please choose your model and note that SOME TiRant RAZOR models ONLY utilize 2 of the larger 9.55mm bushings, if this is your case, you can discard the other smaller ones or use them when you upgrade to the 4-bushing-clad V3 in the future. IMPORTANT: disassembly WILL be necessary and you will need to carefully heat up the small T8/T6 torx and securely use your tools when unscrewing the necessary screws for disassembly. You will also need to reapply a drop of blue loctite-242 when you re-tighten screws so screws won’t prematurely fall out during use. IMPORTANT: You will also need to tension the main screw when complete disassembly takes place. You want to ensure it is not too tight, but just tight enough for the perfect resistance. This can be tuned to your preference, then wait 12-hours for the loctite-242 to set in at the correct main pivot screw position desired.


I got an old revelation by western auto bolt action that I have always bragged on the accuracy of the old ugly gun... I decided to tear it down and re blue and re finish the stock and make it look as good as it shoots... during the tear down I broke the rear sight, I didn't get real up set thought id never find another but would just get it tapped and put good glass on it, im thinking I would really like to out shoot my girlfriends butler creek 10/22 with the old re done gun. It will be a real chore because her gun shoots really well. Does anyone have any advice or suggestions that would help or know anything about the revelation by western auto????


text:
ACT OF REMEMBRANCE
Just over one hundred years ago the world had emerged from a pandemic which killed millions of people. This was on top of the 17+ million who had died during the First World War. The authorities were on a learning curve to control this pandemic. There were no remedies or magical known formulas. Life continued the best it could. Many lost their loved ones and their means of employment. The economy suffered. Face masks became a way of life for many.
Does this sound familiar? The pandemic then was known as the Spanish Flu. Today we are living through COVID-19. Through the Spanish Flu pandemic one thing that was not forgotten was the remembrance of those who died for their country and its freedom during the First World War. Remembrance ceremonies back were then in their infancy but 101 years later they still continue. It is important that we, as a nation, remember those who gave their lives not only in World War One but in all the conflicts that have occurred since.
Here at STAR and Reading Football Club we will be continuing to remember the many that fell. Not just the players and staff of Reading Football Club but also the many supporters whose names are not recorded on our memorial. They are just as important.
With COVID-19 lockdown measures now in place we will not be able to hold our usual pre-match service before this year’s home game. We feel that it is important the memory of those who fell is still honoured. STAR will be laying a virtual wreath on our social media sites on Sunday 8th November close to 11am. A wreath will be also laid at the Madejski Stadium Memorial Wall as soon as restrictions are lifted and it is safe to do so.
It is very important that we observe all COVID-19 restrictions so we are asking everyone not to visit the stadium during this time but during your act of remembrance, when the nation falls silent, please remember those who fell.
WE WILL REMEMBER THEM.
Today we hear from Pete Vickery


text:
Philipp Schulz is co-founder of TV-Two, and will give a live demo of a project that aims to become a major gateway to broadcast television via the Ethereum blockchain.
Valerian Bennett is CEO of PopChest, a platform for community-supported video that integrates smart contracts and the soon-to-be-distributed Pop Tokens. Valerian is a veteran television producer and editor and a documentary filmmaker from Los Angeles. He has a film degree from the University of Southern California and is responsible for the 2014 documentary Bitcoin: Buenos Aires about the digital currency ecosystem in Argentina.
Igor Shoifot is a founding partner of the TMT CryptoFund, a $60M investment fund for early stage blockchain-driven startups. They have made many early investments in successful blockchain teams such as FileCoin, BTC Jam, Shapeshift, Bitaccess and Bits, among others.
Pamela Morgan is a colleague of Andreas Antonopoulos at Third Key Solutions. During the Special Edition of Bitcoin Wednesday held on 19 October 2016 she gave this extremely practical and […]
Mykola Minchenko is the CEO of YCombinator startup Sixa. He previously worked for British Petroleum and developed a mesh-based communication system for the Ukrainian army. He was also a co-founder of Almareks, an object recognition SaaS startup which was acquired by Motorola in less than three years.
All over the world public spending and government debt is soaring. Communities suffer from chronic unemployment and underemployment. Many are still in deep recession or close to the brink of […]
Willem Middelkoop is the author of the bestselling book, The Big Reset. He is the founder of the Commodity Discovery Fund, which is focused on investing in natural resource discoveries like gold, silver, uranium, nickel and rare earth elements, and has been an outspoken critic of the future of the U.S. dollar as the world’s reserve currency.

domain: finance


text:
ancient Egypt to modern internet memes, cats have held a special place in human culture. Their graceful movements, mysterious demeanor, and independent nature have captivated humans for centuries. Despite being one of the most popular pets worldwide, there’s still much to uncover about these enigmatic creatures. In this article, we delve into the fascinating world of cats, exploring their history, behavior, communication, and unique bond with humans.
The Origin of Felis Catus: Tracing the Evolutionary Journey
Cats, scientifically known as Felis catus, are believed to have been domesticated around 9,000 years ago in the Near East region, where they were initially attracted to human settlements due to the abundance of rodents attracted to stored grains. This symbiotic relationship gradually evolved, leading to the domestication of cats and their integration into human households.
Research suggests that domestic cats are descendants of the African wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), a species still found in parts of North Africa and the Middle East. The process of domestication has influenced cats’ physical and behavioral traits, although they still retain many of their wild instincts.
The Mystique of Feline Behavior: Deciphering Their Actions
Cats are known for their independent and aloof behavior, often seeming to have a mind of their own. However, beneath their seemingly solitary demeanor lies a complex set of behaviors shaped by both instinct and domestication.
One of the most intriguing behaviors exhibited by cats is their tendency to knead with their paws, a remnant of their kittenhood when they would knead their mother’s belly to stimulate milk flow. Other behaviors, such as marking territory with scent glands located on their cheeks and tail, serve both social and territorial purposes.
Cats are also notorious for their love of solitude, often retreating to secluded spots for rest. However, they can also be affectionate companions, forming strong bonds with their human caregivers and displaying a range of social behaviors, from purring and rubbing against their owners to following them around the house.
The Language of Cats: Understanding Feline Communication
While cats may not meow in the same way humans do, they are highly communicative animals with a diverse repertoire of vocalizations, body language, and scent markings.
Meowing is primarily a form of communication between cats and humans, rather than between cats themselves. Cats use different types of meows to convey various messages, from greetings and requests for food to expressing discomfort or distress.
Body language also plays a crucial role in feline communication, with gestures such as tail flicking, ear position, and pupil dilation conveying a cat’s mood and intentions. For example, a cat with its tail held high is usually feeling confident and friendly, while a flattened tail may indicate fear or aggression.
The Myth of the Aloof Cat: Debunking Common Misconceptions
Despite their reputation for aloofness, cats are social creatures that form strong bonds with their human companions. While they may not be as overtly affectionate as dogs, cats often demonstrate their attachment through subtle cues such as purring, rubbing against their owners, and seeking out their company.
Furthermore, many cats enjoy interactive play and enrichment activities, such as chasing toys, hunting for treats, and exploring their environment. Providing these outlets for mental and physical stimulation can help strengthen the bond between cats and their owners and alleviate behavioral issues associated with boredom or stress.
Cats in Culture and Religion: From Ancient Egypt to Modern Symbolism
Cats have played significant roles in various cultures and religions throughout history. In ancient Egypt, cats were revered as sacred animals associated with the goddess Bastet, who was often depicted with the head of a lioness or domestic cat. Killing a cat, even accidentally, was considered a grave offense punishable by death.
In Japanese folklore, the beckoning cat, or “Maneki-Neko,” is a popular symbol of good luck and prosperity, often depicted with one paw raised in a welcoming gesture. Similarly, in Western culture, black cats have been associated with superstitions and folklore, with beliefs ranging from good luck to bad omens, depending on the context.
The Future of Feline Welfare: Promoting Responsible Ownership
As the popularity of cats as pets continues to grow, so too does the importance of responsible ownership and feline welfare. This includes providing proper nutrition, veterinary care, and enrichment opportunities to ensure the physical and emotional well-being of cats.
Additionally, spaying and neutering programs are essential for controlling the feline population and reducing the number of stray and feral cats. Education and outreach efforts aimed at promoting responsible pet ownership can help address issues such as abandonment, neglect, and overpopulation, ultimately ensuring a brighter future for cats and their human companions.
cats are complex and fascinating creatures with a rich history and a unique bond with humans. By understanding their behavior, communication, and needs, we can forge deeper connections with our feline friends and ensure their well-being for generations to come.
Internal link: Bilaar

domain: pet