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What Are The Clinical Features Of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma usually presents as a rapidly enlarging, solitary, irregular red nodule. It is often similar in appearance to other more common skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma but grows much more quickly.
Merkel cell cancers spread through the lymphatic system and multiple metastases can develop around the main tumour . Merkel cell carcinoma may also spread to lymph nodes in the neck, axillae and groin. This is more likely in thicker tumours. Most recurrences occur within the first two years after diagnosis.
Merkel cell carcinoma
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Where Squamous Cell Carcinoma Occurs
SCC can be found anywhere on the body, but is most commonly seen in sun-exposed areas. Common SCC sites include the face, ears, lips, scalp, shoulders, neck, hands, and forearms. Its also possible to be diagnosed with SCC in areas without sun exposure, such as inside the mouth, under fingernails or toenails, on the genitals, or in the anus.
How Is Merkel Cell Cancer Diagnosed
The most common way to find Merkel cell cancer is when a lump is found and you see a healthcare provider about it. The healthcare provider will look at and feel the lump. They will ask about your health history, and do a physical exam of your skin.
You may be sent to a dermatologist. This is a doctor with special training to treat skin problems. The doctor may use a special light, magnifying lens, or camera to get a very close look at the lump. You will likely need a biopsy.
A biopsy is the only way to know if a lump or change is cancer. The doctor takes small pieces of tissue from the lump. These samples can be removed with a needle or scalpel, or during surgery. They are checked with a microscope to look for cancer cells.
It can be hard to diagnose MCC. It can look like many other types of cancer. Special lab tests can be used on the biopsy sample to find out whats caused the skin change.
After a diagnosis of MCC, youll likely need more tests. These help your healthcare providers learn more about the cancer. They can help determine the stage of cancer. The stage is how much and how far the cancer has spread in your body. Its one of the most important things to know when deciding how to treat MCC.
Once your cancer is staged, your healthcare provider will talk with you about what the stage means for your treatment. Ask your healthcare provider to explain the stage of your cancer to you in a way you can understand.
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Is Merkel Cell Carcinoma Fatal
Like with any other cancer the prognosis of Merkel cell carcinoma depends upon the stage at which the condition is diagnosed and the response of the patients towards treatment. Prognosis is poor when cancer has been metastasized to distant organs, while the condition is responsive to treatment at early stages. The condition has also the characteristic of frequent relapsing making is difficult to treat.
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare disease and because of this reason, the accurate prognosis of this condition cannot be done. It has been estimated that if the cancer is localized and limited to its area of origin, the 5-year survival rate is 78% while Merkel cell carcinoma with regional spreading has 51% 5-year survival rate. The 5-year survival rate drops down to a mere 17% when cancer gets metastasized to distant organs3.
What Is Merkel Cellcarcinoma Of The Skin
Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin is a rare form of skin cancer. It may be very aggressive and often metastasises to other parts of the body. It has also been called Toker tumour, cutaneousneuroendocrine carcinoma, trabecular cell carcinoma, and primary small-cell carcinoma of the skin.
Merkel cell carcinoma
Recommended Reading: What Stage Is Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Who Is Likely To Have Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Anyone can develop MCC. You are at higher risk of developing this type of cancer if you:
- Have lighter-colored skin
- Have a weakened immune system
- Use tanning beds or ultraviolet light therapy for psoriasis
- Have another type of cancer, especially another type of skin cancer
The incidence of MCC in the US is about 0.6 per 100,000 people per year. This is up about 4X since 1986. However, it must be noted that diagnosis has improved, the population is getting older, and immunosuppressant medications are rising. It is estimated that about 700 people with MCC die per year. The rate of death is about one in three. Melanoma, also a dangerous cancer, is said to kill about one in nine people per year.
Sun Exposure And Having A Weak Immune System Can Affect The Risk Of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer not having risk factors doesn’t mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Risk factors for Merkel cell carcinoma include the following:
- Being exposed to a lot of natural sunlight.
- Having an immune system weakened by disease, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or HIVinfection.
- Taking drugs that make the immune system less active, such as after an organ transplant.
- Having a history of other types of cancer.
- Being older than 50 years, male, or White.
Also Check: Melanoma Bone Cancer Life Expectancy
Diagnosing Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma may be detected during a physical exam by your doctor or dermatologist. Your doctor will check for lumps, lesions, or irregularly shaped moles. They may also ask you for a detailed medical history, history of sun exposure, and if anyone in your family has had skin cancer.
If your doctor finds anything abnormal, they may perform a skin biopsy to check for cancer. During a skin biopsy, a tiny amount of the lump is removed and viewed under a microscope.
If the biopsy is positive for Merkel cell carcinoma, your doctor will run additional tests to determine the stage and extent of the cancer. These tests may include:
- a sentinel lymph node biopsy, to find out if the cancer has spread to your lymph nodes
Depending on the stage of the cancer and your overall health, your treatment options may include one or more of the following:
- surgery to remove the tumor and any affected lymph nodes
- radiation treatment, which directs high energy beams at the cancer cells
- chemotherapy drugs
Your doctors will discuss the benefits of each option, as well as the possible risks and side effects.
What Causes Merkel Cell Carcinoma
The causes of Merkel cell carcinoma are not fully understood. The Merkel cells are connected to the nerve endings in the skin that are responsible for the sense of touch. Recent research points to a common virus that likely plays a role in development of this rare skin cancer, the Merkel cell polyomavirus. This virus lives on the skin and doesnt have any symptoms and is very common. Its not clear why it sometimes may cause this rare skin cancer.
These are thought to be the risk factors for Merkel cell carcinoma:
- Excessive UV exposure
- Light skin color
Recommended Reading: Prognosis Of Skin Cancer
Cancer May Spread From Where It Began To Other Parts Of The Body
- Lymph system. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms a tumor in another part of the body.
- Blood. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the blood vessels, and forms a tumor in another part of the body.
The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if Merkel cell carcinoma spreads to the liver, the cancer cells in the liver are actually cancerous Merkel cells. The disease is metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma, not liver cancer.
What Does Merkel Cell Carcinoma Look Like What Are The Symptoms
Merkel cell carcinoma is different from other skin cancers in that it does not have a common identifiable trait across all cases.
Merkel cell carcinoma tumors:
- are most often found on sun-exposed areas of skin, such as the face, neck, and arms but they can start anywhere on the body.
- usually appear as firm, shiny skin lumps that don’t hurt. The lumps may be red, pink, purple, or blue.
- tend to grow very quickly.
Between 10 20% of cases present without skin involvement and are found as a swelling of a lymph node.
Read Also: Can You Cure Stage 4 Melanoma
Appearance Of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
MCC usually develops on sun-exposed skin as a painless, firm bump that can be red-purple or skin-colored. Patients frequently point out a new MCC to their doctor because a bump is growing rapidly and/or does not look like anything the patient has ever had before. Most MCCs are diagnosed when a skin biopsybiopsyThe removal of cells or tissue in order to determine the presence, characteristics, or extent of a disease by a pathologist usually using microscopic analysis. is performed to rule out another sun-induced skin cancercancerA term used to describe diseases in which abnormal cells continually divide without normal regulation. Cancerous cells may invade surrounding tissues and may spread to other regions of the body via blood and the lymphatic system. or to remove a presumed cyst. In the vast majority of cases, both the doctor and the patient are surprised by the diagnosis of MCC. For more examples of MCC tumors beyond those presented on this page, visit the Clinical Photos page.
Recommended Reading: Can Renal Cell Carcinoma Be Benign
Clinical Manifestations Patient Evaluation Staging
MCC often appears as a painless, indurated, erythematous to violaceous nodule with a smooth, shiny surface on sun-damaged skin, and, less commonly, as a plaque with satellite metastases. Surface ulcerations are rare.236238,246,248,287 Heath and colleagues summarized clinical features of MCC in an acronym: AEIOU ,254 suggesting that the clinical appearance of MCC is rather nondescript. MCC occurs predominantly in the head and neck , followed by the extremities and trunk .287 Ten percent of these tumors are in the periocular areas .288 MCC also has been reported in extracutaneous sites, such as the vulva, endocervix, penis, esophagus, bladder, and calvaria.259,289292 The salivary glands, nasal cavity, lip, lymph nodes, vulva, vagina, and esophagus are the most common extracutaneous sites.243 The clinical differential diagnosis includes BCC, SCC, amelanotic melanoma, lymphoma, and metastatic disease. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies are the key to confirmation of the diagnosis.
Diana Bell, in, 2021
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Also Check: What Is The Most Aggressive Skin Cancer
What Is Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can then spread to other parts of the body. To learn more see What Is Cancer?
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer. It starts when cells in the skin called Merkel cells start to grow out of control. MCC tends to grow quickly and can be hard to treat if it spreads beyond the skin.
How Is Merkel Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed
The diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma is made with a biopsy. This is a sample of tissue thats taken and tested in a lab. Tumor samples are removed with a needle or scalpel, or during surgery. They are checked with a microscope to see if cancer cells are present. Diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma can be difficult. It can look like many other types of cancer.
Early diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma is important to prevent the cancer from spreading. Be aware of any lumps, growths, moles, or other abnormal areas on your skin. Watch for new spots or areas that are changing. This can include skin marks that grow larger, bleed, crust, or itch. Your healthcare provider may recommend you do a skin self-exam once a month or more. See your healthcare provider if you have any new or changing marks on the skin.
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Squamous Cell Carcinomas Are More Likely To Spread
Like basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas are curable and can usually be removed completely when caught in time. They are, however, more dangerous than BCC because of their higher likelihood to spread. SCC is more likely to grow into the deeper layers of skin and other tissues in the body than BCC. While basal cell carcinoma usually does not grow into other areas of the body, it can rarely grow into a large tumor on the skin.
Mcc Arising On The Right Temple
The tumor developed in an area of extensive sun damage. This lesion is a Merkel cell carcinoma and squamous carcinoma collision tumor, meaning the two tumors are directly adjacent to each other. Collision tumors such as this are caused by sunlight and are almost always negative for the Merkel cell polyomavirus.
Recommended Reading: What Does Stage 3b Melanoma Mean
Who Gets Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma has an estimated incidence of 0.23 per 100,000 people in Caucasian populations, which is much less common than melanoma.
- Increasing numbers of Merkel cell carcinomas have been reported by some centres in recent years.
- Merkel cell carcinoma mainly affects older people, with most cases occurring after the age of 50.
- It is slightly more common in men.
- It occurs on parts of the body commonly exposed to sunlight, most often the head and neck.
- It is also more common and more serious in those that are immune suppressed, such as patients with solidorgan transplants, human immunodeficiency virus infection, haematologicalmalignancy or on drugs such as azathioprine.
Treatment Of Stage Iii Merkel Cell Carcinoma
For information about the treatments listed below, see the Treatment Option Overview section.
Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.
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When To See A Doctor
If you notice a mole, freckle or bump that is changing in size, shape or color, growing rapidly or bleeding easily after minor trauma, such as washing your skin or shaving, make an appointment with your doctor.
Factors that may increase your risk of Merkel cell carcinoma include:
- Excessive exposure to natural or artificial sunlight. Being exposed to ultraviolet light, such as the light that comes from the sun or from tanning beds, increases your risk of malignant skin cancer. The majority of neuroendocrine carcinoma appear on skin surfaces that are frequently exposed to sun.
- A weakened immune system. People with weakened immune systems including those with HIV or those taking drugs that suppress the immune response are more likely to develop Merkel cell carcinoma.
- History of other skin cancers. neuroendocrine carcinoma is associated with the development of other skin cancers, such as basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma.
- Old age. Your risk of neuroendocrine carcinoma increases as you age. This cancer is most common in people older than age 50, though it can occur at any age.
- Light skin color. neuroendocrine carcinoma usually arises in people who have light-colored skin. Caucasians are much more likely to be affected by this skin cancer than other ethnicities.
What Is Merkel Cell Cancer
MCC is a rare, highly aggressive, and dangerous form of skin cancer. It starts when cells in the skin called Merkel cells start to grow out of control. Merkel cells are found in the top layer of the skin . These cells are close to our nerve endings and help us sense light touch. Merkel cells can grow quickly and can spread to other parts of the body when the cancer is still at an early stage.
MCC is most likely to be cured when it is found early. However, because MCC is an aggressive cancer, delays in detection can lead to a late diagnosis which makes treating it very difficult. In addition, it commonly comes back after treatment.
Though it is estimated that there are about 1600 cases of MCC each year in the United States, the incidence of the disease has more than tripled over the past 20 years. This is likely due to a combination of increased detection and more people having risk factors for MCC.
The exact cause of MCC is not known, though it appears that there is a strong link between MCC and the bodys immune system. For example, people who have had organ transplants, who are infected with HIV, or who have chronic lymphocytic leukemia, are at greater risk for developing MCC. This may be because patients with a weakened immune system are more likely to become infected by a virus called Merkel cell polyomavirus. In fact, about 80% of MCC lesions contain this virus.
You May Like: Can You Die From Basal Cell Skin Cancer
What Is The Treatment For Merkel Cell Carcinoma
There are a number of treatment options for Merkel Cell Carcinoma, which may be used in isolation or in combination depending on factors such as where the growth is, how advanced it is, and how fit the patient is for surgery.
The final treatment course will often depend on the carcinoma type, body area and of course patient preference. Your specialist will be able to discuss treatment options with you.

domain: medical


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Teen Pregnancy Social Justice IssueWhat is the issue?Young teens under the age of 20 can get pregnant through sexual intercourse. Teenage pregnancy has been a significant issue in our society, even including today.
The number of single teens who become pregnant continually increases dependence on the social welfare system causing a strain on state and local government services, in which we as a society pay taxes to support. There are three main ways in which pregnant young teens are affecting our society in general which include: higher taxes; rise in health care costs, and higher crime rates. Society is easily affected through higher taxes. Teen pregnancy poses a very substantially financial burden towards society, it is estimated to at $7 billion dollars annually in lost tax revenues. The Majority of young mothers that come from poverty lifestyles, broken homes, and academic failures are making it very hard in fact nearly impossible for teens to find jobs due to emotional stress. These teenagers are not knowledgeable or responsible enough to raise a child by themselves, being that they themselves are still young children. Their only resource, besides their parent guardians, is through the department of human services. This department provides financial assistance for shelter and other living expenses, including; food stamps that cover food and medical coverage for families that are in need.
That is where majority of the society’s taxes are distributed, along with other small state provided programs. This also affects society through a rise in health care costs. The United States is growing rapidly in population.
As a result, their health care costs are expected to rise at least 15%. Each year, there are about 860,000 young teens who get pregnant. There are around 425,000 who give birth to children in the United States. Teen pregnancy poses a major risk for both the young mother to be.
These mothers are at a very high risk for postpartum disorders, and possible depression. This may require them to go through counseling, and they also face the risk of experiencing complications such as premature labor, and infant mortality. The babies may suffer from nutritional deficiencies leading to a childhood disorder later on in the future.Who is it impacting/affecting?Teen Pregnancy is affecting the parent guardians, and the young women’s themselves. This also plays a huge role in society because of what people might think of someone “young” getting pregnant.
According to professional statistics, in 2015 a total of 229,715 babies were born to these young women who were aged 15-19. The birth rate was 22.3 per 1,000 women that were already included in this statistic.
CBS News states that there was a survey on Teen Pregnancy, and that they had found some very interesting news. In the survey, which was carried out by the Government had stated that “The results were based on face-to-face interviews with nearly 2,800 teens ages 15 through 19 at their homes in the years 2006 through 2008.” The results had also found out that about 42 percent of never-married teens had had sex at least once in their life. Of those teens, 98 percent said they’d used birth control at least once, with condoms being the most common choice. This YouTube clip shows what “guys” think about young women becoming moms.
Where is it happening and to what extent?Teen Pregnancy is happening almost everywhere. Teen Pregnancy includes lack of parental care; which means that if those young women don’t have support from their parents then they are at the risk of not getting adequate parental care. Parental care is usually very critical during the first stage of the month; and can be very difficult if not dealt with at the right time. Of Course there are many circumstances that we also need to look at regarding why Teen Pregnancy actually does tend to happen.
Some of those circumstances include; peer pressure, absent parents, glamorization of pregnancy, lack of knowledge, sexual abuse or rape, and lastly teenage drinking. All of these are very serious and critical circumstances which can cause Teen Pregnancy. This doesn’t just depend if the sexual relation is consensual or not, most of these pregnancies happen due to the lack of knowledge from sexual education, and or making the wrong decision. Why is it a social injustice issue? This is a social justice issue because Teen Pregnancy can cause a lot of mental and physical illnesses. Pregnant teens may not be able to seek the proper and appropriate medical care needed in order for them to be safe and healthy.
This can cause medical complications within them and cause them to worsen. A pregnant teen needs three very important things which are; understanding, medical and physical care, education. Education is the most important thing because if the teen is not educated they would not be able to get a job to help provide the necessary needs for their child. Depression is usually very common with young pregnant teens, and if the depression worsens than they would be taken to a professional medical health centre. What are the contributing factors?Some contributing factors include include: lack of knowledge about sex and how to use contraceptives; such as barriers to access contraceptives including negative attitudes of health staff; peer pressure; sexual coercion; low self-esteem; low educational expectations; poverty; family breakdown; and heightened sex-based messages in the media.Who are the people involved?The parent guardians and the pregnant teens involved. What has been the response of the media? The response of the media says “MTV reality shows such as 16 and Pregnant and Teen Mom depict the realities of being a pregnant teenager and a young, single mother.
Lauren Dolgen, the creative mind behind the hit MTV reality shows, promotes them as having an agenda to attempt to reduce teen pregnancies, saying “Absolutely. I mean, this (teenage pregnancy) is an epidemic, but it’s a preventable epidemic” (Conan). How to prevent this?There are many ways to prevent Teen Pregnancy. Some of them include; have sex talks with your parents, explain safe sex, encourage abstinence, lay out consequences, encourage them to gain experience on how to handle a baby, and discuss the options that are necessary.

domain: health


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Jan 1, 1934 – Aug 8, 1985 Beaumont, TX
Singer and guitar player Benny Barnes' recordings, popularized several songs written by the Big Bopper, including "Poor Man's Riches" (1956), "Beggar to a King" (1959), and "Token of Love" in 1960.
Barnes became one of the most significant properties of Jack Clement and Bill Hall's Gulf Coast Recording Company. He was a friend of George Jones, who mentored him and used his talents on rhythm guitar in his road band.
His last chart entry came in 1961 on Mercury Records with "Yearning," written by Eddie Eddings and George Jones. Although subsequent recordings were unsuccessful, Barnes appeared on the Louisiana Hayride and continued to record for various other labels throughout his career. In his later years, Barnes operated a tavern in Beaumont and continued to record until shortly before his death in 1985.

domain: artistic


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Vol. 13 No. 2 (February 2003)
DUE PROCESS OF LAW: A BRIEF HISTORY by John V. Orth. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2003. 128 pp. Cloth $25.00. ISBN 0-7006-1241-6. Paper $9.95. ISBN 0-7006-1242-4.
Reviewed by Bradley D. Hays, Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland. Email: email@example.com.
The Due Process Clauses are arguably among the most important and controversial provisions in the United States Constitution. The long and winding history of due process frequently leaves students confused and scholars befuddled. In short, the topic calls out for a concise introduction to the concepts behind due process and a guide through its evolution. John V. Orth fills that need with his book.
As noted in the book’s title, Professor Orth offers a brief history of due process. In attempting to cover the history of due process from Magna Carta through recent landmark cases such as WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG, the author creates three central “hypothetical cases that served as paradigms in the legal history of due process” (p. viii). The first hypothetical case, “making a man a judge in his own case” is used to illustrate procedural due process. Next, the author uses the case of “taking from A and giving to B” to illustrate the development of substantive due process regarding economic liberties. Finally, the latest paradigm, “taking from A,” is used to highlight noneconomic substantive due process.
Professor Orth uses the first hypothetical case to lay the historical foundations for due process. The narrative begins with the English common law and the early evolution of due process principles. Orth distills the prohibition of making a man a judge in his own case by examining the works of Littleton, Coke, and Blackstone and highlighting the seminal DR. BONHAM’S CASE. The effect is three-fold. First, examining the works of several early legal thinkers exposes the origins of due process and concepts that ground its early development. Second, DR. BONHAM’S CASE illustrates how and why the courts could intervene to protect against what would come to be understood as violations of due process. Third, equally important to the story of due process, Orth notes the early struggle to establish judicial review in England and how those struggles played out in the United States with different results.
Orth next considers “taking from A and giving to B.” Here the author uses CALDER v. BULL to note the early appearance of constitutional proscription against takings even though explicit textual prohibition is absent from the Constitution. CALDER elucidates the use of due process as a bulwark against “violation[s] of natural justice”(p. 49). Yet the emphasis is not simply on due process, but rather on the use of due process to protect property.
As Orth observes in the subsequent chapter, the prohibition of taking from A and giving to B shifted from a ban on transfer of property to a prohibition on class legislation—changing the meaning of “A” and “B” from persons to groups. A brief treatment of the “LOCHNER era” reveals the implications of shifting due process to encompass certain substantive rights. Orth ends the chapter on economic substantive due process by highlighting footnote four of US v. CAROLENE PRODUCTS and the foreshadowing of the noneconomic substantive due process to come.
The final hypothetical, “taking from A,” highlights the rise of noneconomic substantive due process. Whereas economic substantive due process maintained the traditional “taking from A and giving to B” paradigm, noneconomic substantive due process removes B from the formula. Instead, “[t]aking away [individual] rights, whether by the legislature or by the executive, must be justified and may not be arbitrary…” (p. 97). Orth notes how the Supreme Court struggled to deal with the post-LOCHNER specter of substantive due process. In GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT, the Court relied upon “zones of privacy” emanating from several amendments in the Bill of Rights rather than rest solely on the liberty provision of the Fourteenth Amendment. However, Orth correctly notes that the legacy of GRISWOLD was defined by the Court’s decision in ROE v. WADE, wherein substantive due process was used as a restriction on state action in the form of a restrictive abortion law. The author concludes his summary of the “taking from A” paradigm by noting the difficulty the Court has had in locating “accepted standards for arbitrariness” of state action without an economic context, thereby making rights based on substantive due process controversial and elusive (p. 97).
The strength of Orth’s book is in his flowing and accessible narrative. As noted in the preface, “[t]he book is written ‘above the lines’” so all vital information is in the text and not in footnotes (p. xi). Further, the use of footnotes, instead of tedious endnotes, adds to the accessibility for those seeking to read above and below the lines. Finally, I was pleased to see that the author included translations of Latin phrases directly in the text. Too many scholars either place translations in footnotes or, worse, give no translation at all leaving the text choppy and frustrating to those not proficient in Latin. Orth is to be commended for writing in such lucid prose and formatting the text to complement the work.
To a large extent, it would be perfectly appropriate to end the review here. The work achieves its goal of providing a brief history of due process. Yet, any author crafting a brief history must make certain choices so as to abridge the subject matter. These choices are inevitably subject to dispute. In the case of Orth’s book, the choice was in the way to tell the history of due process through the use of paradigms.
Orth’s use of hypothetical cases gives the impression that legal principles develop much like the evolution of a paradigm. In fact, Orth uses Thomas Kuhn’s paradigmatic shifts as an analogy for the change in legal maxims (p. 5). However, according to Kuhn, much of science is “an attempt to force nature into the preformed and relatively inflexible box that the paradigm supplies” (1970, 24). Kuhn goes on to note that once the paradigm can no longer contain the emergence of new theories, it is destroyed and replaced by a new paradigm (1970, 66-91). In order to understand the fall of one paradigmatic regime and the creation of another, one must understand external developments. Relating Kuhn back to Orth, in order to understand the rise and fall of the various due process paradigms, we need to understand more than just what the Court said in a few cases.
From reading Orth’s book, one gets the sense that legal change simply happens. Influences outside the Court, such as changing social, political, and economic conditions, and internal influences, such as membership change, ideological alignment of the justices, and personal influences, are left unexamined. As a result, Orth’s history of due process is left floating free from many of the traditions, influences, and institutions that ground it. This is a conscious decision by the author as noted in his introduction, yet the book would have been stronger – and no doubt longer – if the author had added greater context to the development of due process.
Nonetheless, these criticisms should not take away from the success of the book in providing what it promises—a brief history of due process. The book will be useful for undergraduate civil liberties courses and to any scholar looking for a brief introduction or refresher on due process.
Kuhn, Thomas S. 1970. THE STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
CALDER v. BULL, 3 US 386 (Dall.) (1798).
DR. BONHAM’S CASE, 8 Co. Rep. 107a, 114a CP 1610 (1610).
GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT, 381 US 479 (1965).
LOCKNER v. NEW YORK, 198 US 45 (1905).
ROE v. WADE, 410 US 113 (1973).
US v. CAROLENE PRODUCTS, 304 US 144 (1938).
WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG, 521 US 702 (1997).
Copyright 2003 by the author, Bradley D. Hays.

domain: library


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An episodic horror adventure that’s really more of an interactive story than it is a video game, and that’s a good thing.
I was a big fan of the graphic adventure games of the 80’s and 90’s. I must have played every Quest game Sierra Online ever produced and have always been kind of sad that the genre died out. Part of the attraction was the puzzles to be figured out, but most what was fun in those games were the stories and humor. Telltale Games The Walking Dead brings new life to the adventure game, and puts more of an emphasis on story and character than on the point and click gameplay.
Fans of Robert Kirkmans graphic novels and the TV show on HBO don’t need to worry about seeing the same story retold in a new medium. The game takes place in the same world, but features all new characters with their own stories. I won’t give too much away, but one of the things I really liked was that instead of making the protagonist a clone of Rick Grimes, he’s almost his complete opposite. Rick was a Sheriff, while Lee Everett is a convicted murderer on his way to prison when the Zombie outbreak occurs.
The look and feel of the game is fairly unique. It’s done in a 3D cell shading style that borrows heavily from the graphic novel, and instead of the static camera point of view that is most common to these games, much of the story is presented in a handheld “shaky cam” style often used in dramas today. Combined with changing camera edits, you really get the feeling of directing a story, not playing it. You decide how to respond to people’s questions, how to distribute food when low on rations, and who lives or dies when the walkers are swarming your group of survivors. The game is delivered in an episodic format (except the iOS version apparently), each ending with a cliff hanger, much like both the comic book and show do. 5 episodes are planned for season 1.
I love this game, it gets my heart pounding like few games do, and has only a couple of negative points, which aren’t big enough to stop me from recommending it to everyone I know. The first is the controls. They are a little finicky. You have to have your cursor on exactly the right spot to work, and I got stuck at one point in episode three where I knew what I neede to do, but just could not figure out how to make the controls do what was required. I re-played the same scene about 10 times before getting it to work, which was frustrating, but fortunately one of the few times it was that difficult to play.
My second complaint about the game is more of a disappointment. One of the key features advertised was that the story of the game would change based on the decisions and choices you make. It even says it right at the start of each episode, “This game series adapts to the choices you make. The story is tailored by how you play.” Which sounds AWESOME! Except it is misleading. Dialog changes, and people’s attitude towards you changes, but the story will always unfold in the same way, no matter whos side you choose in an argument, or what you say to anyone. Even when you choose to save character and another dies, it ultimately doesn’t matter as they both play the same role in subsequent episodes. So the re-play value was nowhere near as high as I thought it would be. What is cool about it is that at the end of the each episode the game shows how your choices compared to those of others who played the game, and when each new episode starts, the “Previously on The Walking Dead” clips reflect your decisions.
Overall, it’s one of the best games I’ve played in a while, simply because of the emotional impact the story and characters deliver. I can’t wait for the climax in episode 5.


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The Zone Diet – What's a Zone?
The Zone Diet is considered to be a low carb diet. It supposedly controls your hormonal levels and preserves your overall health. Carbohydrates will make up 40% of your meal, protein will be 30% and fats will take up the last 30% of your diet.
You will supposedly lose weight by balancing out your blood insulin level. You do not want to take in more then 500 calories per meal and no more then 100 calories per snack. This diet helps reduce your chances of getting heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
What do you eat on the Zone Diet?
While doing the Zone Diet you want to eat a small amount of protein with every meal and with every snack. Your protein should be about the size of your palm. You should have one snack late in the afternoon and one snack late in the evening. When eating vegetables, lentils, beans, fruits, and whole grains you'll make the serving twice the size of your protein serving.
You may also have a small portion of the following carbohydrates: brown rice, pasta, mango, banana, cereal, carrots, and all fruit juices. You want to have egg whites and egg substitutes instead of whole eggs. Use non-fat or low fat cheeses and milk. Olive oil and canola oil are fine, macadamia nuts and avocados are good for saturated fats.
What do you avoid on the Zone Diet?
You will want to avoid the following while doing to the Zone Diet: simple sugars and refined carbohydrates like bread, pasta, tortillas, cereals, candy, soda, and desserts. Fruits, grains, and vegetables that are high on the glycemic index should be avoided; like papayas, mangoes, corn, carrots, potatoes, and rice. Red meats and whole fat dairy products that are high in saturated fat should not be consumed. Egg yolks and organ meats are also on the list of foods to avoid.
What exercises are a part of the Zone Diet?
While doing the Zone Diet exercise is strongly encouraged. You want to do aerobic exercises 6 days a week, do some strength training for three days, and then some stretches on the other three days. Stretching is not to increase weight loss but to help your tendons and ligaments become longer, thus limiting your chances for injuries that can cause you to stop working out.
An example of a day of working out would be three minutes of weight training, eleven minutes of walking in place, then three minutes of weight training, another eleven minutes of walking in place, and finally another three minutes of weight training.
Who is the Zone Diet Best for?
This diet may be good for those who are suffering from blood sugar problems and diabetes. It can also help those people who eat carbohydrates and feel sluggish after eating them. Since this diet has a combination of fat and protein in every meal; chances are you will not going to get hungry often. Remember to snack throughout the day or have a small snack before working out so you have plenty of energy.


Sunday, April 4, 2010
Highlands highway bridge collapses
By BUSTIN ANZU
A HIGHLANDS Highway bridge at Henganofi in the Eastern Highlands province collapsed last week, cutting off access to the highlands provinces as well as Madang and Morobe provinces.
Kafetina Local Level Government (LLG) President Elijah Kemeya said the bridge was expected to be fixed on late Saturday or early Sunday last weekend.
He said an excavator, owned by TSC Contractor and based in Lae was returning for service after upgrading roads in Lufa, in the Eastern Highlands province.
Due to heavy rains, the Kainantu side of the bridge was not stable and it gave way under the weight of a vehicle carrying the excavator.
President Kemeya, who is also Ward 4 councilor where Kronote Bridge is, said most of those bridges between Kassam and Daulo Pass which were built during the colonial era must be replaced with new ones.
He said the bridges could not withstand the weight from heavy vehicles.
The highway was cut off for about a week, denying access for highlands bound trucks loaded with basic supplies and goods for supermarkets, hospitals, schools, businesses, resource project sites, fuel depots and local business houses.
Those badly affected included betel nut vendors who had to cross on foot to the other side to continue their journey.
Coffee and tea exports did not reach their destination in Lae and Madang.


text: Language is extremely complex, extremely useful, found in all human populations and fundamentally different from any system of communication in other animals. Although there is a recognizable language processing network in the adult brain, it does not seem to rely on anatomical or neural structures, cell types, proteins or genes that differ fundamentally from those found in closely related species without language. This set of properties poses a major challenge for the language sciences: how do we reconcile observations about the uniqueness of language with those about the biological continuity of the underlying neural and genetic mechanisms? The Cognition, Language and Computation Lab face this challenge head-on. While much of the debate in linguistics emphasized either uniqueness or continuity, the Lab tries to develop models that do justice to insights from both traditions.

domain: biology


text:
Writing Wednesdays & A Writing Sprint link up
Because I’m a writer & storyteller and enjoy weaving words together into tapestries of stories both real and imagined, I’ve dedicated Wednesdays to my novel writing. I am currently working through the revision of The Dream Quest, a story about a young man named Daniel who embarks on an incredible quest based on a series of dreams he has involving people he’s never met. And because writers need to hone their craft, it’s the Writing Sprint link up. The Writing Sprint prompt appears at the end of this post and offers a writing prompt that encourages you to freewrite for 15 minutes without the alleged help of your inner critic. No overthinking. No stopping. No editing. No worries. No inner critics. Daily writing exercises help writers grow, improve and free their writing. The only rule is that you must leave a comment for the person who linked up before you. That’s it. Other than, free yourself from your doubts, your fears and your inner critic and have some writing fun with us!
QUESTION FOR FEEDBACK: What is your overall impression of the story so far? Characters, pacing, developments?
Chapter 7: It’s Complicated
Daniel sleeps restlessly, entering the familiar world of his dreams. A world that has only become familiar in the last six months. But now it is so familiar it is like his real life. The people, the places, the ideas that he encounters are all intimately familiar to him. Tonight, he recognizes the street in the shadows and the dark shape of the church rising above him beneath the full moon. He stands and waits, anticipating Jonas’ arrival from the dark alley beside the beautiful stone church. But Jonas does not come. Daniel waits, sitting on the steps of the church and looking around eagerly. He wonders what is keeping Jonas tonight.
Finally, he catches movement from the corner of his eye. But, when he turns it is not Jonas he sees, but his dad. His dad. He stands and stares at his father. His dad smiles uncertainly. It’s been a long time since the two have stood face to face. Neither speaks. His dad takes a tentative step and Daniel waits.
“I can’t believe it’s you,” Daniel says.
“I’ve missed you, Danny Boy,” his dad says. Awkwardly, his dad takes Daniel into his arms and Daniel lets him, not pulling away. “Let’s sit.”
They sit on the same steps, in front of the same church, where Daniel has met and talked with Jonas. In fact, the same church where he met Jonas the night he got out of Keith’s car. It seems both perfect and strange to sit here with his dad. Daniel studies his dad. He looks exactly like Daniel remembers him. A bit older, but still tall and strong. His jaw strong and square, his dark hair cropped close to his head and starting to grey around the temples just a little. His smile is still warm and comes easy, especially when he looks at his son. They have the same hazel eyes with gold flecks and he’s glad for that. In fact he wishes he were more like his dad in other ways.
His dad looks him over, his eyes searching for answers to questions long unasked, too long unanswered. “How are you?”
“I’m doing well,” Daniel says.
His dad looks at him and waits.
“I’ve struggled here and there. I dropped out of college. I’m sure Peter told you that.” Daniel pauses to see if this is true. His dad nods. “I’m sure you were disappointed to hear that,” he says, not looking at his father.
His dad touches his shoulder briefly.“I wasn’t so convinced law school was for you,” his dad replies.
“I saw some of your pictures. You have a real good eye, Danny.”
“I had no idea,” Daniel says.
After a moment, his dad continues. “Okay. So, you left college. Then what?”
“I traveled a little. I guess I was trying to find myself.”
“Or lose others.” His dad’s voice is serious, but not accusing.
“That, too.” He looks at his dad.
The two men sit quietly, each sifting through his own thoughts.
“I didn’t mean to hurt you,” Daniel says at last.
“I didn’t like it. Still don’t. But I guess I understand. Lucy was trouble,” his dad says. ” She threw a wrench into the family.”
“No argument here.”
“Your mom eventually forgave me.”
Daniel absently twists the ring.
“Peter gave you the ring,” his dad says.
“What’s the story with it?”
Daniel senses movement in the growing shadows behind his dad and the air seems suddenly charged, as if a storm is building. His dad shifts as if he notices, too.
“We don’t have much time,” his dad says.
“Why the inscription?” Daniel asks. “Beware the wolf that roams about?”
“It’s complicated,” he says, “but I’ll give you my best thumbnail.”
Suddenly, an explosive crack fills the air and Daniel’s dad slumps forward, into Daniel. Daniel’s ears ring and sulphur burns his nose. In his arms, he feels his dad convulsing, gasping and gulping. A wet stickiness covers Daniel’s right hand, the hand that lays on his father’s chest.
“Dad!” Daniel screams. “Dad! Can you hear me? Dad!?” Daniel squints through the darkness and deepening shadows, trying to see his father’s face. He looks around them but sees nothing but darkness. Stillness settles around him and his father’s head lolls backwards.
Daniel moans, rocking his father back and forth and peering into the shadows that are getting darker, so dark he can barely make out the form of the church behind them let alone his dad. “No. No, no, no, no.”
Daniel looks around again and realizes he’s sitting up in his oversized bed in the penthouse suite at the airport hotel and he’s alone. He twists the ring around and around, shaking and his breathing ragged. Eventually he pushes himself and walks shakily to the window, taking in the city below. He stares at all the lights and the cars and wonders at the movement below him at such a late hour. He wonders where Peter is. He wonders what Jonas is doing. He thinks about Michael Atkins. His mind races until it stops at the memory of the dream, his father, the gunshot, his dad dying. Daniel looks at his hands as if he expects to see blood.
He forces himself to lie down and tries to calm himself, but his mind races. Tomorrow he leaves for another city and another person from his dreams. He drifts through his memories, memories of all the dreams he’s had and the people he met in them. He wishes now he’d taken time to keep track of them. Of course he didn’t realize right away they would play out in his life. Peter, he thinks, and grabs his phone. It’s late, so he sends him a text: I need to talk to you. It’s urgent, so call me as soon as you get this. Daniel. He puts the phone down and wanders through his mind again, wondering about his dad, the ring, the dream, and, most of all, who killed his father and why. No matter how hard he tried, he cannot connect the dots between his dreams.
After a while he finally feels tired and hopes with everything in him he’ll sleep without dreams for the rest of the night. Unfortunately, even though it doesn’t involve his dad, Daniel floats into another vivid dreamscape. This one feels familiar; there is music, and colors, and voices singing but the words are not completely clear to him. The voices populate the periphery of his consciousness, an ethereal chorus. In the dream, he wanders alone down a country road with the sun shining brightly overhead and fields and trees all around. The trees are losing their leaves. They float on the wind, like me, he thinks, as he makes his way down the road. There are only a few houses and they are pretty good distances apart, many so far off the road all he can see is the steep driveways that lead off to the distant homes.
Off to his left is an abandoned house. It seems out of place here. It is diagonally across the street form a small three bedroom cottage and he wonders if perhaps the property belongs to the people in the cottage. There is a sign posted for trespassers to keep out and an abandoned car sitting in front of a leaning garage whose sideboards are mostly rotted through. The house is also falling apart, almost as if parts of it have disintegrated. A screen door stands open, falling from its hinges, the windows are broken out and the roof is partially caved in on one side. Even so, there is something about the house and its surroundings that makes Daniel wish he had his camera because he sees beauty here, something he wishes he could capture on film. It is life. Life lived. Life moved on. But life. He senses it as he walks slowly past.
Suddenly, he sees movement in one of the upstairs windows. He stops and stares. Surely he’s mistaken. But as he stands there a moment longer, he sees it again. A face peers from behind torn fabric hanging across the window like curtains. He takes a step toward the overgrown driveway and the face disappears. He looks at the signs again and decides to rest here on the road, at the edge of the drive. He sits and looks around the property, his eyes resting on a nearby tree where a spider in its web moves gently with the breeze, the web catching the sunlight every few moments. Daniel watches it through the lens of the camera he wishes he had and waits. When it’s pretty clear that he’s not leaving anytime soon, the person moves the board that serves as a door behind the hanging screen door. It’s a young woman, maybe about 18. He stays where he is and watches her. He doesn’t know how, but they know each other and so he waits for her.
She walks slowly down the rotted wooden stairs and onto the driveway and stops closer to the house than the road where he sits. “This is far as I go,” she says. “If you got something to say.”
Daniel sits for another moment, then slowly pushes himself up off the ground. “I’d like a chance to talk to you, but only if it’s okay with you.”
She looks at him and then at the crow that is cawing overhead. Sadness radiates from her. She turns her eyes toward him and says, “Yeah, it’s okay.” She crosses her arms and adds, “As long as you got food and something to drink.”
As Daniel reaches into his messenger bag to get the sandwiches he bought, he senses movement from the shadows of the trees. The air is charged with the feel of a storm and Daniel turns around. In that moment, a loud crack breaks the stillness; he hears a cry ring out and sees a figure dart into the darkness across the street.
Daniel wakes abruptly feeling wrung out. He hasn’t had back to back to dreams before now and he realizes again how exhausting these dream visions are. Did I just refer to them as visions, Daniel thinks. But that’s what they are beginning to feel like. At least since he met Michael Atkins and realized that he’d met him in one of his dreams. But these are far more vivid and even more startling. If they’re visions, Daniel wonders what they mean? He realizes he desperately needs to connect the dots and hopes he’ll have a chance to talk to Peter, but when he checks his phone, there’s nothing from him yet.
He still has nine more people to find and talk to and decides to make a list of the people from each dream, like the girl he just left, Michael Atkins, an elderly couple, a fisherman. He tries to remember which ones he’s met more than once. Clearly, the girl was familiar to him, and he tries to remember any dreams with her in them. And what about Dad? he wonders. Does he factor in to all of this? But more than that, he wonders about the dream itself because up until now, his dreams have only involved people he believes are alive. And unrelated to him. His heart aches just a little as he heads for the shower.
“Ready to continue the adventure?” Jonas greets him over scrambled eggs and bacon and a tall cup of steaming black coffee.
“My adventure doesn’t really seem to end, even when I’m sleeping,” Daniel replies.
“More dreams last night?” Jonas asks.
“As if you don’t know.”
Jonas laughs that now familiar deep laugh. “I know a lot of things, Daniel, but I’m not inside your head.”
“But you are sometimes inside my dreams,” Daniel says, looking intently at Jonas over his steaming coffee. He takes a sip and then adds, “Tell me how that happens.”
Before Jonas can answer, Sara enters the breakfast nook. “Good morning, gentlemen.” She smiles warmly down at Jonas and glances tentatively at Daniel.
Daniel nods. “Hey.”
“We were just talking about dreams,” Jonas tells her. “Are you one who recalls her dreams?”
Sara considers this a moment. “I don’t think I do,” she says. “Either that or I don’t dream. What about you gentlemen? Are you dreamers?”
Jonas nods. “Absolutely. And I can usually recall every detail, down to the number of turns in a spider web hanging in a tree along a path I’m walking.”
Daniel narrows his eyes. He thinks about the spider web in the tree to the side of the driveway where the young girl stood in his dreams last night. He wonders if Jonas is telling him something or not.
“What about you?” Sara asks, interrupting his thoughts.
“Do you remember your dreams?”
“Depends on the dream,” he replies.
“That makes sense,” Sara says. When it’s clear that Daniel isn’t going to say anything more, she turns and heads to the buffet.
When she is out of earshot, Daniel turns to Jonas. “Spider webs?”
“Just an example to make my point. It’s a detail that most people wouldn’t notice, right?”
“Right.” Daniel finishes his coffee and the two clear their dishes. Daniel is eager to get on the plane and start piecing together his dreams. “So, when do we leave?”
“Right after breakfast.”
Out on the sidewalk, Daniel suddenly spots Peter.
“Excuse me,” he says and moves past Jonas and out the door. Daniel wonders if Peter and Sara spent the night together and his stomach tightens at the thought. Peter is checking his messages when Daniel approaches. Peter looks up and smiles.
“Hey bro,” he says.
“Did you get my text?”
“Just seeing it right now.”
“I need to know what happened to dad,” Daniel says.
“What?” Peter shifts his weight from one foot to the other and clears his throat.
“Dad. What happened to him?” He locks eyes with Peter and waits.
Peter looks down at his phone and then out at the line of cabs. “It’s complicated, Danny.”
Daniel nods. “Just give me the bare bones then. Heart attack. Stroke. Car accident. What?”
Peter clears his throat and hails a cab. “I’ve got a laundry list of depositions starting in fifteen minutes.”
“I saw Dad last night. Watched him die.”
“What?” The cabbie gives the horn a few quick beeps and Peter waves the cab on.
Daniel looks around and says, “I have these dreams–”
“Hear me out.”
Peter checks the time and hails another cab. “It was a serious heart attack with no warning signs. The doctors said his aorta was a mess and his arteries showed severe damage,” Peter says. “I’m sorry, Danny. I wish you’d had a chance to see him.”
“Did he suffer?” Daniel presses.
“He was in a coma for a while –”
“What about the ring?”
“Danny, what’s going on, man?”
“Tell me about the ring.” Daniel holds up his hand.
“This is something we really should talk about when we have more time.” Peter begins inching toward the cab.
“Where’d it come from?” Daniel asks.
Peter says nothing.
“Where’d Dad get it?”
“I don’t know,” Peter says, looking over at the cabbie and signaling he’ll be right there. He gestures to his bag and lets the cabbie load it into the trunk. “I need to go, Danny Boy.”
“You never call me that.”
Peter seems equally surprised by the words. “It just rolled off my tongue.” He shrugs. “You okay, bro?”
“I don’t think so.”
“I’m finished around five, why don’t we grab dinner?” Peter asks.
“I can’t. We’re flying out shortly.”
“Jonas’ plane,” Daniel says.
“Where you heading?”
“It’s complicated, Peter.”
This Week’s Writing Sprint: a ring
Write a scene, a poem or a story that involves a ring. Give us what you’ve got with as much detail and dialog as you can muster in 15 minutes. And most of all, have fun. Free your writer from your inner critic. When you’re done, come back and link up what you’ve got! And remember to give some encouragement to the person who linked up before you.


text:
Table of Contents
- Quick Bio
- Early Life and Family Background
- Family Connections and Influences
- Pursuit of Acting and Career
- Legacy and Future Endeavors
- August Manning Weatherly’s Parents
- August Manning Weatherly’s Step-Siblings
- August Manning Weatherly’s Half-Siblings
- August Manning’s Martial Status
- August Manning Weatherly’s Net Worth
August Manning Weatherly is the son of well-known actors Michael Weatherly and Amelia Heinle. Although he values his privacy, August’s fascinating background has sparked curiosity among many.
Born into a family deeply rooted in show business, he treads a distinctive path away from the glare of the public eye. August’s biography presents an intriguing peek into a life influenced by famous parents and shaped by individual decisions.
Join us as we delve into the captivating story of August Manning Weatherly, where the enigma and lineage intertwine.
|Name||August Manning Weatherly|
|Birthdate||January 10, 1996|
|Parents||Michael Weatherly and Amelia Heinle|
|Siblings||Thaddeus, Georgia March, Olivia, and Liam|
|Grandparents||Patricia O’Hara and Michael Manning Weatherly Sr.|
Early Life and Family Background
August Manning Weatherly, born on January 10, 1996, is the son of celebrated actors Michael Weatherly and Amelia Heinle. His early life was shaped by the exciting world of entertainment, with his parents being well-known figures in the industry.
However, their marriage faced difficulties, leading to their divorce in 1997 when August was still young. This separation resulted in limited time spent with his father due to his demanding work schedule.
Despite the challenges, Michael Weatherly made sincere efforts to maintain a connection with his son. Among August’s half-siblings are Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill Jr., born in 2007, and Georgia March Luckinbill, born in 2009.
As a child growing up in this dynamic environment, August experienced the ups and downs of his parents’ careers.
Family Connections and Influences
August Manning Weatherly’s family connections have played a significant role in his life. As the son of actors Michael Weatherly and Amelia Heinle, he was exposed to the entertainment world from a young age.
However, his parents’ divorce in 1997 brought challenges, resulting in limited family time. Despite this, August’s relationship with his father remained important, as Michael Weatherly tried to stay connected.
A half-sibling relationship between August’s mother and Thad Luckinbill further complicates his family dynamics. As a result of these connections and influences, August has a unique perspective on the entertainment industry and maintaining relationships.
Through it all, August Manning Weatherly’s family ties have played a pivotal role in influencing his personal growth and journey in life.
Pursuit of Acting and Career
August Manning Weatherly has embraced the pursuit of acting, following in the footsteps of his renowned parents. Despite leading a private life, he shows a strong interest in the entertainment industry and a determination to become an actor.
While specific details about his acting career are limited, his commitment and enthusiasm for the craft are evident. It wasn’t easy for August to pursue a career in acting, including a reported rift with his father and being disinherited from his family.
Interestingly, aspects of this strained relationship were incorporated into his portrayal of Anthony DiNozzo on the popular series NCIS. Throughout his acting career, August Manning Weatherly has carved out a unique path and showcased his unique individuality.
Legacy and Future Endeavors
August Manning Weatherly bears a distinctive legacy as part of a family of actors and entertainers. August is charting his own course, driven by the unique qualities and talents of his parents, Michael Weatherly and Amelia Heinle.
He has harnessed his experiences as Anthony DiNozzo on NCIS, despite challenges like falling out with his father and being disinherited. As for his future aspirations, August maintains a sense of privacy, leaving room for speculation and anticipation.
With a commitment to upholding his family’s heritage while forging his own path, August Manning Weatherly’s upcoming ventures hold promise and captivate interest.
August Manning Weatherly’s Parents
August Manning Weatherly, born on January 10, 1996, is the offspring of actor Michael Weatherly, originally from New York City, and actress Amelia Heinle.
Being raised by actors, August inherits a heritage of creativity and performance. His birth date signifies the commencement of his personal voyage, encompassing the realm of acting and beyond.
Michael Weatherly, a versatile American actor, director, and producer, has left a significant impact on the entertainment industry. He was born on July 8, 1968, in New York City and has ancestral roots in Ireland.
Growing up in Fairfield, Connecticut, he attended several colleges but chose to pursue acting instead. Initially, Michael married actress Amelia Heinle, who gave him a son, August Manning Weatherly, as well as two other children.
His second marriage is with doctor Bojana Janković, with whom he shares two children. Michael gained recognition for his portrayal of Anthony DiNozzo in “NCIS” and has showcased his talent in shows such as “Dark Angel” and “Bull.”
Alongside his acting prowess, he also has a passion for music and has been involved in a band. As an actor, director, producer, and musician, Michael Weatherly’s career spans multiple disciplines.
Amelia Heinle, a well-known American actress, has made her mark primarily in the world of soap operas. Born on March 17, 1973, in Phoenix, Arizona, she grew up with four younger siblings and later moved to New Jersey during her teenage years.
Amelia’s personal life has seen two marriages. The first was with fellow “Loving” actor Michael Weatherly, and they have a son named August Manning Weatherly along with two other children.
Her second marriage was to “The Young and the Restless” co-star Thad Luckinbill, and they have three children together. Professionally, Amelia began her acting career on “Loving” and gained recognition for her role as Stephanie “Steffi” Brewster.
She went on to star as Victoria Newman on “The Young and the Restless,” for which she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in 2014. Amelia Heinle continues to thrive in the entertainment industry with her successful soap opera career and personal accomplishments.
August Manning Weatherly’s Step-Siblings
August Manning Weatherly has a blended family with two step-siblings and two half-siblings. His step-siblings, Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill Jr. and Georgia March Luckinbill, were born to his mother Amelia Heinle, and her second husband, Thad Luckinbill.
Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill Jr.
Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill Jr., born on November 2, 2007, He is the son of actors and producers Amelia Heinle and Thad Luckinbill. He has a younger sister named Georgia March Luckinbill, born on December 17, 2009.
Thaddeus’s father, Thad Luckinbill, is also involved in the entertainment industry. As Thaddeus is still a child, there is no available information about his personal achievements or professional endeavours.
Though Thaddeus grew up immersed in the world of acting and production, he has the potential to pursue a career in this field. He is enjoying his childhood and has plenty of time to pursue a career in the entertainment industry.
Georgia March Luckinbill
Georgia March Luckinbill was born on December 17, 2009, is the daughter of actors and producers Amelia Heinle and Thad Luckinbill.
She is also the stepsister of August Manning Weatherly, Olivia Weatherly, and Liam Weatherly, who are the children of Amelia Heinle and Michael Weatherly.
As Georgia is still a child, no information about her personal or professional life is available. As the daughter of a family deeply involved in the entertainment industry, Georgia can explore her interests and pursue a career in the future.
August Manning Weatherly’s Half-Siblings
August Manning Weatherly has a blended family with both half-siblings and step-siblings. Olivia is his half-sister, born from the same mother, Amelia Heinle, but with a different father.
Liam is his half-brother, sharing the same father, Michael Weatherly, but with a different mother. They are also step-siblings; they have different mothers but share the same father.
August’s unique relationship with Olivia and Liam creates a diverse and interconnected family unit.
Olivia Weatherly, the daughter of actor Michael Weatherly and Bojana Jankovic, maintains a low profile and leads a private life. She prefers to keep her personal and professional life private, as little information is available about her.
As the child of prominent parents, she has the potential to pursue opportunities within the entertainment industry if she desires. However, specific details regarding her background and career remain undisclosed.
Olivia cherishes her privacy and enjoys the advantages of her family’s success.
Liam Weatherly is the stepbrother of August Manning Weatherly, born to actor Michael Weatherly and doctor Bojana Jankovic.
As part of a blended family, he shares a stepbrother in August and a stepsister in Olivia. Although details about Liam’s personal background remain disclosed, it is evident that he values his privacy.
Likewise, information regarding his professional pursuits is scarce, indicating his preference for a life away from public attention. Like his stepbrother August, Liam enjoys a private existence, steering clear of the public spotlight.
August Manning’s Martial Status
There is no available information about the marital status of August Manning Weatherly based on the search results.
August Manning Weatherly’s Net Worth
Net worth typically refers to an individual’s financial assets, including income, investments, and any other financial holdings. In this case, the lack of information makes it unclear what August Manning Weatherly’s net worth might be or if it has been disclosed publicly.

domain: celebrity


text:
Police in Rumoi, Hokkaido, have arrested an 82-year-old man on suspicion of assault after he beat his wife about the head several times at their home.
According to police, the incident occurred at around 6 p.m. Saturday. Local media reported that woman, who is in her 70s, called police and said her husband had started beating her with his fists her while she was in the kitchen doing the dishes.
Police rushed to the house and arrested the man on the spot. His wife did not suffer any serious injuries.
The woman was quoted by police as saying her husband started yelling at her after dinner, saying things were always going missing from the house or being thrown out and that it was all her fault.
Police said the husband told them he was fed up with wife’s attitude.© Japan Today

domain: news


text:
Author(s): Iskandar H, Benard A, RuelRaymond J, Cochard G, Manaud B
Abstract Share this page
Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction of the knee is a painful procedure requiring intensive postoperative pain management. This prospective study investigates analgesic quality after a femoral block as compared with intra-articular injection of local anesthetic. METHODS: Eighty patients scheduled for elective ACL repair under general anesthesia were included in our study. Upon completion of surgery, the patients were randomly assigned into 1 of 2 groups: femoral group (n = 40) received a femoral block with 20 mL 1\% ropivacaine; intra-articular group (n = 40) received 20 mL 1\% ropivacaine injected intra-articularly. During the first 24 hours after surgery, all patients received 2 g propacetamol and 100 mg ketoprofen, intravenously. Additional postoperative analgesia was available with parenteral morphine if required. Analgesic duration was defined as the time from end of surgery to the first requirement for a supplemental analgesic. Data collection included patient demographics, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, analgesic duration, and morphine use. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the 2 groups. RESULTS: VAS score in the recovery room and during rehabilitation was higher in the intra-articular group than in the femoral group (P <.001). Morphine use was lower in the femoral group than in the intra-articular group (P <.001). Similarly, analgesic duration was longer in the femoral group than the intra-articular group (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with intra-articular injection of local anesthetic, femoral nerve block (FNB) provides better analgesia and allows a significant morphine-sparing effect after ACL repair.
This article was published in Reg Anesth Pain Med
and referenced in Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research

domain: literature


Detroit water shutoffs to continue through winter
Detroit — Cold weather will slow water service shutoffs in Detroit, but not halt a nearly yearlong push to collect on accounts 60 days or $150 or more past due.
Crews have disconnected service to 31,300 customers since Jan. 1 due to unpaid bills and will continue that this winter — stopping only during long bouts of below freezing temperatures when the ground is too hard to dig to water connections, Detroit Water and Sewerage spokeswoman Curtrise Garner told The Associated Press.
“It has to be pretty low, below 32 for a long period of time,” Garner said. “Last year was really, really cold for a long time. We had a brief hiatus.”
Outside of spates of extreme cold, the water department will be “doing business as usual,” she said.
Shut-off numbers skyrocketed from about 1,200 from January through March to over 3,000 in April. The issue brought local, national and even international protesters to Detroit.
A several-week respite allowed people behind on their bills to enter into payment plans. Shutoffs dropped from a high of 7,200 in June to 1,600 in August. They have since picked back up with 5,100 in September and 4,200 last month.


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Timber Heard of Talitha Kumi Jewelry organized a raffle for participants to win a one-of-a-kind necklace and bag benefitting the Yoknapatawpha Arts Council’s Community Supported Artists Program. Her motivation this holiday season is to give back to a community of artists who have the dream of growing their local businesses.
Mississippi-based fashion designer, Timber Heard, grew up with the dream and passion of becoming a fashion designer. In 2021, Heard launched her own jewelry brand, Talitha Kumi Jewelry, and created one-of-a-kind beaded necklaces, bracelets, and earrings. She then learned how to hand sew and upcycle handbags with beads, jewels, and custom designs.
Heard expanded her business through the Yoknapatawpha Arts Council’s Community Supported Artist program garnering the attention of a fashion boutique that produces runway shows at Paris Fashion Week. Since starting her business in 2021, Heard has received invitations to have her work featured on the runway of Paris Fashion Week. Her work was also featured in famous magazines such as Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar.
For the holiday season, Timber wanted to help pay it forward and assist other artists within the community to encourage them to grow their businesses. She graciously organized a Giving Tuesday campaign by donating a one-of-a-kind custom necklace and a handmade bag of a combined $300 value to benefit the Yoknapatawpha Arts Council (YAC) as part of Giving Tuesday.
Giving Tuesday was created in 2012 as a simple idea: a day that encourages people to do good. This national day of giving is scheduled for Tuesday, November 28, 2023, recognizing the start of the holiday season. Building upon the spirit of giving, this campaign inspires hundreds of millions of people to give, collaborate, and celebrate generosity. Heard, who benefited from this sense of community through the Arts Council, felt this national day of giving was the perfect opportunity to highlight the Arts Council.
“YAC was gracious enough to grant me the Big Bad Business Grant,” says Heard. “It was back in 2021 when I was a new business. It was the first business grant I received, and I was so grateful. YAC matched the grant amount to my business needs and helped me become established as an LLC, a legal entity.”
Heard’s journey reflects the importance of support for artists. Arts are a source of economic impact for communities in Mississippi. In the newest Americans for the Arts economic impact study, Arts & Economic Prosperity 6 (AEP6), it was revealed that the nonprofit arts and culture sector represents a $2.3 billion industry that provides 23,117 jobs in Mississippi.
By purchasing a raffle ticket for Giving Tuesday, your donation can help YAC continue to grow local arts-related programs such as Art Incubator, art camps, and much more.For more information, please contact the Yoknapatawpha Arts Councils by phone, (662) 236-6429, or visit the website at https://oxfordarts.com.

domain: economics


THE FEATURES OF THE GEODETIC REFERENCE OF SATELLITE IMAGES
Keywords: Geodesy, Image, Resolution, Scale, Digital, Orthophototransformation, Spatial, Georeferencing
Abstract. Space information is increasingly the main source of spatial data for many projects. Modern methods of processing of satelite images and remote sensing data can get maps, showing the distribution of varios objects and phenomena on the earth's surface. An important feature of future space vehicles is the high precision gridded images. And it allows creating maps of scale 1:10,000 without using ground control points. As usual orthophotos and vector plans a large scale in the Countries of Independent States, created in the local area (local) coordinate system based on the coordinates in the coordinate system of 1942 (SF-42) to Gauss project. However, the spatial position of the satellite images is given in the WGS-84. Therefore there is a need to translate the raw materials of the WGS-84 in local coordinate system of the project, in other words, the geodesic linking satelite images. Keys are needed for this conversion of coordinates from the local to the state or directly to the WGS-84. To determine the key of the transition there are used the different methods.
This article describes the features of geodetic reference satellite images with the use of software and hardware for "DPS-4.0 Talca." This software has the task of linking images with rational polynomial coefficients in the local coordinate sytem in the unknown parameters of translation to the coordinate system WGS-84. To do this, "DPS-Talca 4.0" has special tool "linkimg images RPC in the local coordinate sytem."


Global Fund seeks support during World Health Worker Week
This week sees a donors meeting in Brussels convened by the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in preparation for their replenishment conference in the third quarter of this year.
As part of the build-up to this important meeting for the Global Fund a high level panel discussion was held with stakeholders in the European Parliament on Monday 8 April. The meeting was hosted by the leading liberal MEP Charles Goerens who in the past has served as minister for development in his native Luxembourg.
In addition to Charles Goerens, key contributions to the debate came from the Executive Director of the Global Fund – Mark Dybul and the deputy Director General for Development in the European Commission Klaus Rudischhauser.
They were joined on the panel by the Board chair of Roll Back Malaria, Dr. Victor Makwenge Kaput, Lucy Chesire, board member of the communities delegation to the Global Fund and Oxana Ruscuneanu, the “Here I am Campaign” ambassador for Eastern Europe.
Their first contributions addressed the question of what the best strategic investments for the Global Fund could now be. Following questions from the participants their second round of contributions reflected on the Global Fund’s proposed new funding model.
Although all the participants gave convincing contributions to both of these themes, overall there was no convincing strategic vision.
There were ambitious and motivational contributions which outlined the great contribution the Global Fund had made, and could continue to make in the future. But the only strategic thinking appeared to be geared to securing continued donor support, rather than outlining the added value to Global Health that the Global Fund could provide.
Strengthening health systems
When given an opportunity I did ask the panelists what role the Global Fund could strategically play in strengthening health systems in general, and responding to the crisis in human resources for health in particular.
This question was extremely timely as this week has been designated by the WHO’s Global Health Worker Alliance as the first ever World Health Worker Week, specifically to highlight the need to support, appreciate, and raise awareness of the important role of health workers everywhere.
Mark Dybul did address the need for the fund to more strategically support partner countries’ national health systems with the new funding model, that would align behind national plans and funding cycles.
Charles Goerens, Klaus Raudischhauser and Mark Dybul all presented a variation on how the Global Fund could catalyse change at national levels via supporting marginalised groups and civil society in support of human rights.
Each of them also outlined how important it was for the “sustainability” of health that countries themselves began to fund their own healthcare as their economies grew.
Health workers must be a priority
But in this week that sees both the Global Fund prepare its replenishment and the World’s first Health Worker Week there was no effort to harness synergies between them, nor any strategic vision for how the Global fund could globally advance health.
It remains important for the replenishment of the Global Fund to be successful. But it is equally important that the work the fund undertakes increasingly strengthens the weak health systems which currently undermine the treatment and prevention of the three major diseases the fund was created to tackle – AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria – as well as healthcare more generally.
With the WHO estimating that around 4 million more health workers are needed globally, this is one area which the funds could strategically target as a priority. The need for such support is exactly what has stimulated the designation of this week as World Health Worker Week in the first place.


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We regret to announce that an Oak Bluffs Library staff member has tested positive for Covid-19.
The infected staff member was last at work in the library on Wednesday, February 10th and Tuesday February 9th. Out of an abundance of caution, any other library staff members who have been identified as “close contacts” have been asked to follow state quarantine and testing guidelines. In the meantime, the library is scheduled for a thorough cleaning to ensure the safety of the staff, our patrons, and our materials when we re-enter the building and resume services.
As a result, the library will be closed for hold pickups through at least Thursday, February 18. We will resume pickup services as soon as staff are authorized to return to the facility and the library has been deep cleaned.
We have anticipated some questions and will try to answer them here:
I picked up library materials on Tuesday, Feb. 10 or Wednesday, Feb. 11. Are they safe?
The library materials you picked up are as safe as the groceries you get at the store. They were packaged in a hygienic environment. All staff members were wearing masks and practicing diligent hand hygiene.
I chatted with a staff member at the pick-up window; do I need to get tested?
Due to our Curbside pick-up and minimal interaction with patrons, it is highly unlikely that anyone would fit the definition of a “close contact.” Furthermore, if you are deemed a possible “close contact” of any individual who tests positive for Covid-19, a contact tracer will notify you.
When will I be contacted about scheduling a pickup?
If you have materials on hold, we will reach out to you to schedule a pickup after the staff returns to the building.
Can I still use the other libraries?
Yes! The exposure was limited to only the Oak Bluffs Public Library. The other libraries remain open for contactless hold pickup service.
What should I do with my overdue library materials?
Hold on to them for another week, if you can. If you need to return them, please use the exterior book returns, as per usual. If you opt to go to another library during this time, you may return your library materials to the exterior book returns at those libraries.
Can I still call with questions?
Yes! The staff are working remotely and are available to help with any questions you might have. Feel free to call us at (508) 693-9433 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Are your virtual programs still happening?
Yes! All virtual programs will still take place as scheduled. Take a look at our online calendar for upcoming programs.
Thank you for your patience and good spirits as we wish our colleague and their family members well. I sincerely hope that they make a full and fast recovery and that all the safety protocols we set up at the library did their job to keep the rest of us from exposure.


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The Other Sure Thing
Though we don't like to think about it, all of us will make an exit sometime. Are you prepared?
Have A Question About This Topic?
Use this calculator to better see the potential impact of compound interest on an asset.
Determine if you are eligible to contribute to a traditional or Roth IRA.
Asking the right questions about how you can save money for retirement without sacrificing your quality of life.


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I miss you so much. I never saw that day ever coming. This wasn’t supposed to happen. I keep trying to pretend you’re in LA and I’m in NY both of us doing on our thing but it’s not working. I know you’re not there and it hurts so much. I keep trying to figure out why this happened and wishing you would just come back. I have never felt so broken before.
We weren’t even together anymore. You always had a piece of my heart, you knew this. I should’ve fought harder. I should’ve never listened to you. I should’ve came home things could’ve been different. You weren’t supposed to leave me like this. When it was with you & me, everything was always “if it’s meant to be then things will work out in the end.” Does this mean it’s not meant to be? Part of me doesn’t want to believe that. I keep replaying the last time we held hands, the last time you had me in your arms, the last time we kissed.
I’m so stuck it’s insane.I would do anything just to have you back.


Mark Twain School
From CCSD: Administrators and educators at Carson City’s Mark Twain Elementary School will host Posada 2019, Tuesday, Dec. 17, from 5:30-8:30 p.m. The event, open to all students and families, is part of the English Second Language (ESL) Department’s iCan Initiative designed to increase parent and family involvement for students and to help reinforce and extend learning taught during regular classroom instruction. It will include piñatas, face painting, traditional Hispanic holiday food and music, family activities, photos and more.
We are hoping to build a strong home-to-school connection by providing these activities and allowing students to showcase some of their talents and traditions during this event, said Mark Twain Elementary Principal Ruthlee Caloiaro.
“Of the 600 students here, 58 percent are minorities with more than 300 that are English Language Learners,” Caloiaro continued. “We are also a Title 1 school, and 100 percent of our students receive free breakfast and lunch. This is just another way we can support an already disadvantaged population.”
We need to involve our families in the learning process to build a greater understanding of the type of learning that occurs at school, she said. By providing this event, we will educate and empower our families as we provide them with the knowledge and information necessary to support learning at home.
In September, Carson City School District announced 70 percent of the schools within the district showed improvements in the latest Star Ratings report, according to the Nevada Department of Education State. With the release of the Nevada School Performance Framework (NSPF), Mark Twain Elementary School was one of the schools in Carson City to improved enough to earn a higher star ranking, 4 stars up from 2 stars last year.


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Lena Wilhelm(1895 - 1973)
We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person’s profile. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy.
Born in Maryland on Oct 1895 to Abraham Wilhelm and Mary C Fasil. Lena Wilhelm married Frank C Droll and had 2 children. She passed away on 28 Sep 1973 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

domain: history


text:
A Super Smash Bros. server made especially for the upcoming SSBU
I doubt anyone will read this, but this server is great for improving your smash skills, discuss your thoughts about each game, and compete against others (probably in Smash Bros. 4 Wii U/3DS until Ultimate comes out). Of course, Smash Bros. isn't the only thing you can talk about! In fact, anyone can play games like Splatoon or Mario Kart with others too! And yet, though I may seem really enthusiastic, this server still has a long way to go. I don't even think the member count will go up to 50. However, it also seems to be off to a great start, since it's been quite active so far. But like I said a few sentences ago, this server might just be a good source of Smash info. Plus, you might just learn who you'll main in Ultimate!

domain: entertainment


text:
Opponent: Richmond Kickers
Site: Du Burns Arena
Outlook: The Bays are 6-0, the most recent victory an 11-5 rout of the Pennsylvania Freedom last week. Denison Cabral (12 goals, 10 assists) and Billy Ronson (10, 13) are the top scorers. Richmond is led by former Baltimore Blast M Michael Brady.


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FSU's Lamarcus Brutus jokes he got tackled after INT so Dalvin Cook could score TD
Lamarcus Brutus is a team player.
After Florida State’s blowout victory over Chattanooga on Saturday, the senior safety jokingly told reporters he got tackled in the red zone after catching an interception so running back Dalvin Cook could increase his chances of winning a Heisman Trophy with a touchdown.
“So I was like, ‘I’m gonna let this guy tackle me so Dalvin can get another touchdown,’” Brutus said. “The play don’t care who makes it. I just want to always look out for the young ones, and him being my boy, I was like, ‘Let’s give him another touchdown.’ So I let the quarterback get me. I fell. And that’s what happened.”
Brutus caught Chattanooga quarterback Jacob Heusman’s pass at the 50-yard line and returned it 37 yards before getting tackled by Heusman at the UTC 13-yard line.
Cook ran the ball twice after the interception, but netted zero yards. Quarterback Sean Maguire hit Kermit Whitfield on a slant pass for a 13-yard touchdown on FSU’s third play after the interception. Cook finished the game with two touchdowns.
It’s the thought that counts.
And Brutus wanted to know Cook’s thoughts of his gesture as well.
After he was done speaking with media, Brutus asked Cook a question during Cook’s time with reporters.
“Lamarcus Brutus on his interception, he got tackled at the 10-yard line, 12-yard line — something like that,” Brutus prefaced before asking his question. “But he mentioned he wanted you to win the Heisman so that was why he let the guy tackle him so you could get a touchdown. What’s your thoughts about that?”
“I know my teammates love me, especially Lamarcus,” Cook said while enjoying the moment. “And you know, Lamarcus is one of the guys I look up to in our senior class and by him falling on the ground — which I knew he wasn’t supposed to get caught — him falling on the ground and letting me score, I just want to thank him for that.”
Both players laughed and shared a handshake after the interaction.
Coincidentally, Brutus caught an interception and was pushed out of bounds at the 2-yard line against Georgia Tech on Oct. 24. Cook scored a touchdown on the next play.
Brutus was one of 19 seniors celebrating Senior Day, and secured his fifth career interception — all coming in his last 14 games. His first came last season against Florida, FSU’s opponent in the regular season finale for both teams Saturday at 7:30 p.m. in Gainesville.
Cook said he’s looked up to seniors like Brutus, and linebackers Reggie Northrup and Terrance Smith during his two seasons as a Seminole.
“It supposed to be emotional, but we had fun (Saturday),” Cook said. “That’s how our senior class is. They enjoy their time here and if that was their last game here, you wouldn’t even know it. They enjoyed (Saturday) and I liked that.”


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DALLAS - Video-rental giant Blockbuster Inc. is going national with a monthly subscription plan.
The offer lets customers rent an unlimited number of movies and keep two or three at a time without running up late fees.
Blockbuster will charge $24.99 a month for customers to keep two movies out and $29.99 to keep three titles.
The Dallas-based company calls the monthly subscription plan a Movie Pass, and officials said the promotion will be available immediately in more than 5,000 stores nationwide.
It was tested in 1,150 stores over the past 18 months.
"This is a different way of renting movies," said Nick Shepherd, Blockbuster's chief marketing officer. "We wanted to make sure we had it right from the consumer's point of view and the economics point of view."
Blockbuster customers, who must drive to the store to return movies and pick up new ones, have more-convenient options for movie-watching, such as pay-per-view on cable, mail-order rentals by companies such as Netflix Inc. and cheap DVDs for sale from the likes of Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
Shepherd said the subscription plan gives consumers something they want: A set price for their movie-viewing habits instead of the uncertainty of late fees if they fail to return a title in time.
"This is about winning new customers and getting current customers to rent more often," Shepherd said.
Chief executive John Antioco said the company hopes 10 percent of its customers sign up for the movie plan by the end of 2005.
Blockbuster is expected to add an online-reservation feature and mail-delivery to its plan later this year.
Analysts said the Movie Pass is designed to prevent more Blockbuster customers from defecting to Netflix, based in Los Gatos, Calif.
About 2 million people have signed up for Netflix's all-you-can-watch service - for $21.99 a month, they can get up to three DVDs at a time through the mail.
Michael Pachter, an analyst for Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc., said Blockbuster officials say that about 40 percent of Netflix customers - or 800,000 people - used to be Blockbuster patrons.
"This is a customer-retention program," Pachter said of Blockbuster. David C. Joyce, an analyst with Guzman & Co., praised Blockbuster's move, even though he believes it could cannibalize sales to customers who already spend more than $25 a month on rentals and late fees.
"But it's better to eat your own lunch than let somebody else do it," Joyce said.
Giving customers a way to reduce late fees is a double-edged sword for Blockbuster. The fees have contributed greatly to Blockbuster's revenue.
Blockbuster no longer discloses how much it makes from late fees, but it probably earns a much larger share of its revenue from the fees than do its competitors.
Company officials acknowledge that late fees are a sore spot with customers, spawning several class-action lawsuits.
"All charges that customers expect but don't like will eventually cost you customers," Shepherd said.
Blockbuster said the new subscription plan would cover all DVD and VHS titles in the stores.
Blockbuster is about 81 percent owned by Viacom Inc., which has announced it will sell or spin off the video chain. Blockbuster has about 8,900 stores.


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James Durbin shares a moment with fans while perched on the edge of the Beach Boardwalk bandstand Saturday. City officials estimate that 30,000 people showed up to celebrate Durbin Day in Santa Cruz, honoring the hometown rocker. Click the READ MORE tab below for more concert photos. Maria Gaura ©santacruzwire.com
Durbin checks out Santa Cruz Mayor Ryan Coonerty's "Durbin tail", while Coonerty proclaims 2011 to be "Durbin Year" in Santa Cruz. Maria Gaura©santacruzwire.com
Durbin performs with Santa Cruz's White Album Ensemble
Feeling the love!