On-board network for motor vehicles
The on-board network for motor vehicles contains a multiplex control for switching, controlling and monitoring electrical end devices such as switches, operating and indicating elements, sensors and actuators and consists of several bus interfaces (2) coupled to a common bus line (1). The network also includes control devices (4) associated in star configuration via signal lines with the bus interfaces and end devices associated with the control devices. The control devices (4) contain signal converters and a data processor as well as transmitters/receivers for exchanging data signals with the corresponding bus interface. The operation of the on-board network is accomplished in such a manner that the transmission of the data signals from one bus interface to the associated control devices is controlled by the bus interface and follows cyclically the respective control device in the sequence of the groups of inputs and outputs. The control devices can deliver here, for transmitting a critical signal value to the corresponding bus interface device at predetermined points of the transmission cycle, a signal which leads to the interruption of the transmission cycle.
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a. Field of Invention
The invention pertains to the field of on-board networks for motor vehicles and more particularly to an on-board network equipped with a multiplex control for switching, controlling and monitoring electrical end devices such as lights, windows, and so on.
b. Description of the Prior Art
Through technical development, the functional performance of motor vehicles, the ease of operation and the comfort of the occupants have been improved substantially in recent years. These improvements resulted in an extensive enlargement of the electrical equipment for motor vehicles. For connecting individual devices, wiring harnesses are used which sometimes contain line lengths of more than 500 meters of wires and over 1,000 electrical plug connections. These harnesses are of very complex design and are prone to manufacturing errors since the fabrication of a harness is done predominantly manually. Furthermore, the harnesses are sometimes difficult to install and have poor accessibility for repair purposes. It has therefore been proposed already to replace the wire-harness of a motor vehicle by an on-board network, in which particularly the different electrical end devices such as operating elements, sensors and similar devices (e.g., indicators, lamps, heaters, motors, actuators) being arranged in the periphery of the body and are interconnected through a multiplex-system which is superimposed on a power supply system. These known on-board networks consist of respective signal lines and electronic electrical subassemblies which are disposed at numerous points in the car. The subassemblies receive or deliver control and monitoring signals and also switch on or off electrical devices directly. The subassemblies are connected to each other via signal lines and signal converters, transmitters, receivers and control devices. The arrangement and connection of the subassemblies to each other is based either on a bus line, a ring or a star configuration. In on-board networks which consist of a bus line, several bus interfaces are connected to the bus line and peripheral end devices are associated with the bus interfaces, the bus interfaces are equipped for communication with each other with transmitters and receivers for the exchange of data signals. These on-board networks contain as a rule a multiplexer control and operate frequently by means of an asynchronous signal transmission and with random bus access for switching, controlling and monitoring the electrical end devices. Every bus interface contains an arbitration device for resolving conflicts in the case of simultaneous access requests of several bus interfaces to the bus line.
The state of the art is represented, for instance, by the following patents and articles: DE-A-24 33 025 DE-A-34 17 956 DE-A-35 45 293 DE-A-29 09 213 DE-A-34 29 941 EP-A-0 008 238 DE-A-31 49 142 DE-A-35 22 907 EP-A-0 014 556 DE-A-33 35 932 DE-A-35 35 860 EP-A-0 023 105 "Proposal for an Automotive Multiplex Firing System," No. C 205/85 in IMechE 1985, pages 227 to 230; "Systems Consideration for Incorporating Vehicle Data Networks (Multiplex) into Automobiles;" No. C 218/85 in IMechE 1985, pages 209 to 216; SAE Technical Paper Series No. 860389 "Chrysler Collision Detection (C.sup.2 D), a Revolutionary Vehicle Network."
In these known on-board networks, a complete system failure due to defects in a transmission line (in the case of a bus or a ring configuration) or due to the failure of the central station (in the case of a star configuration) can easily occur.OBJECTIVES AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to improve the design of the on-board network in such a manner that it can be adapted flexibly to different requirements.
A further object is to provide a network with improved reliability wherein failure in subsystems as can occur, for instance, in the case of accidents, have only slight effects on the overall system.
According to the invention, a network is provided with controller devices which are arranged between the bus stations and the peripheral end devices, wherein several end devices are always associated with a controller device in a star configuration and wherein always one or more controller devices are always associated in a star configuration with a bus interface through a corresponding signal line. Each controller device is equipped with signal translators for receiving binary or analog signals from the end devices and for delivering binary and/or analog signals to the end devices, and each controller device is provided with a transmitter and receiver for the interchange of data with the corresponding bus interface. Each bus interface is provided with transmitters and receivers for the interchange of data with the corresponding controller devices via separate signal lines.
The basic structure of an on-board network designed in this manner is characterized by a hybrid topology, since a bus configuration and a star configuration are combined. This hybrid configuration leads to a high modularity of the on-board network, i.e., it can be adapted very simply to different requirements and can also be expanded at will in different steps without limitation. In this network, only the technical equipment required for the specific expansion need to be provided Through the use of the star configuration in the area of the controller devices and the end devices, subsystems are present in this area which are largely independent of each other and can be associated particularly with individual subsystems in the motor vehicle. For instance, a motor vehicle could be partitioned into a right, left or middle area. Alternately separate areas may be designated for the doors, the seats, the air conditioning system, the dash board or the central console each having operating and indicating elements associated with the front or the peripheral body areas. These areas with one or more associated controller devices and the corresponding end devices can furthermore be coupled to each other easily using the bus interface assigned to them and the bus line, leading to a vehicle completely equipped with a multiplex system. Additional bus interfaces can be coupled simply to the existing bus line and thereby obtain direct access to all date available in the body area.
By the hybrid configuration of the on-board network, the reliability of the system is increased substantially since failures of individual end devices do not influence the flow of information adversely in the remaining part of the on-board network. Furthermore, failures of controller devices or of a bus interface remain confined to the locally concerned area. This on-board network is realized with relatively few components since simple electronic modules, particularly simple microcontrollers can be used for the controller devices. Only the bus interfaces are equipped with more sophisticated microprocessor and memory modules.
The relatively few bus interfaces connected to the bus line organize and transact the data traffic on the bus line independently. Advantageously, use is made here of the known wired-or logic-type coupling of bus interfaces. Since the logical processing and interlinking of the signals takes place in the bus interfaces, a large processing capability is required for these parts of the on-board network and thereby, relatively high-quality electronic equipment is required. It is therefore advisable to arrange these parts of the on-board network, together with the bus line, in that part of the motor vehicle which generally remains largely undamaged in the case of accidents. Especially in motor vehicles with a dimensionally stiff zone and with more easily deformable zones and with peripheral end devices arranged in the region of the body and the bottom of the vehicle, the bus line and the bus interfaces are therefore arranged advantageously in the region of the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle within the dimensionally stiff zone, while the control devices are located in the more deformable region of the body or the bottom of the vehicle.
The new modular on-board network with the hybrid bus configuration gives the opportunity to arrange the subassemblies required for switching, controlling and monitoring the end devices in such manner that high data processing capability is required only in the bus interfaces. Each bus interface forms a local central for the associated control devices. It has been found practical to assign a maximum of three control devices to one bus interface. Preferably each control device comprises a data processor for pre- and post-processing of the signals to be received by the corresponding bus interface or to be passed on to the bus interface. Thereby, the bus interface is relieved of many tasks related to signal procesing, signal conversion (analog/digital and vice versa) or for error detection. In addition, the processing capacity of the control devices is utilized optimally.
The function of a bus interface as a local central for the subsequent control devices can be emphasized further by the provision that the inputs or outputs of the control devices associated with the end devices are always combined to form one or several groups of the same type and that each bus interface contains a modem device for the cyclic transmission of the data from and to the corresponding control devices in a time-division multiplexing scheme in which a sequence of signals are transmitted. Each sequence includes groups of signals with each group corresponding to a group of input/output signals of a respective control device. Since only simple data processors for pre- and post-processing of the signals are required in the control devices, the data transmission between the control devices and the corresponding bus interface can take place serially at a low transmission rate. The control devices are advantageously designed so that 24 digital inputs/outputs or 16 digital and 8 analog inputs/outputs can be served by them. To these inputs/outputs, end devices are connected either via conventional lines or one control device and several end devices belonging together are jointly arranged in a housing.
If only few end devices are arranged in the vicinity of a bus interface or one or several end devices are located in the immediate vicinity of the bus interface, that bus interface comprises additionally a signal converter for the direct pickup and/or direct output of binary and/or analog signals values as well as a data processing processor. In this case, the end devices can be connected directly to the bus interface.
The modular design of the new on-board network can be further improved by the provision that each bus interface contains an address converter for the logical conversion of the local addresses, that are addresses specific to the subassembly of the end devices, into global, function-oriented addresses and vice versa. For example, a global address may be assigned to all the door locks, or all the windows, whereby they could be activated with a single command on the parallel bus. It is ensured thereby that in the event of a hardware expansion of the on-board network, the additional subassembly requires no or only few items of information regarding the actual structure of the on-board network and the electrical functions of the end devices represented by the new subassemblies can be readily incorporated and processed in the on-board network without problems. The address converters assure here a uniform "language" on the bus line which can be understood and processed without problem. By means of the address converters a function-oriented classification of the end devices such as "door," "lights" or "seat" is accomplished in contrast to the otherwise module-specific characterization of signals, which would have to consist, for instance, of the position within a group, the group number, the number of the interface device and a number of the bus interface. The unique assignment given thereby, of the signals of the end devices, likewise provides room for later extensions of the on-board network. By this manner of converting the local addresses of the end devices into global function-oriented addresses and vice versa, it is also possible to change the assignment of end devices to certain interface devices and to avoid any reactions to nonparticipating subassemblies which could occur otherwise on the bus line if module-specific or physical addresses are used.
The design of the on-board network according to the invention which initially serves only for the simplified transmission of switching information, can also be used to interlink certain switching states of the end devices logically with each other, optionally with consideration of time dependent conditions. Thereby, conventional relay circuits and simple electronic modules can be replaced. In a further embodiment of the invention, a bus interface also contains control and/or logic elements with which binary and/or digital data of any desired end devices can be linked logically with each other. The simple and systematic realization of the control and logic functions requires a uniform normalized signal representation within the on-board network, so that processing can be performed independently of the physical origin of the signals. By classifying the input element in the order of their most frequent occurrence in the motor vehicle, such as switches (on/off switches, double-throw switches, stepping switches, multiple switches) and analog transmitters, the number of different functions for processing the input signal can be limited substantially, so that systematic signal processing is possible. The transmission of the so-processed data via the bus line to another bus interface and the processing of the transmitted data in the receiving interface station by means of auxiliary functions which are directly correlated with the above mentioned input function serve for making ready that information of the end devices which ultimately can be processed further by a number of general basic operations. The linkages which can be carried out by means of the control and/or logic elements include logical operations on binary states, time, counting and memory functions as well as comparison operations of digital or digitalized analog values. By suitable combination and multiple application of these basic operations, the major part of the necessary linkages for switching and controlling or also for simple control operations can be realized. Signal linkages which cannot be realized in this manner can be covered by special software modules.
In conjunction with the logical interlinking of signals of the end devices, the individual control devices take over only the direct output of binary signals with or without monitoring the actual switching state and direct output of analog signal values via pulse-width-modulated outputs, by converting the internal signal representation (digital) by signal converters into the necessary physical form. However, the possibility also exists to construct local control loops in a control device by feeding back analog signals from the end devices.
The on-board network according to the invention is advantageously operated by using a time division multiplex method by means of asynchronous signal transmission and random access of the bus interface to the bus line. The data transmission from the bus interfaces to the control devices is done advantageously cyclically, whereby regular actualization of the signal values is ensured. Here, the respective interface operates as the so-called master which organizes the data designated for the control devices. However, so that it is possible to react rapidly within the on-board network to signal changes at the end devices or to detected defects, it is advisable to enable each control device, for transmitting time-critical data to the associated bus interface. Therefore it may deliver a signal at predetermined points of the transmission cycle, which leads to the interruption of the transmission cycle in order to transmit time-critical data.
In order to ensure in the on-board network designed in accordance with the invention, especially with respect to the logical interconnections taking place by means of the logic and control elements, a uniform data base in the bus interface, and also to detect defects in the bus interface in short order, it is furthermore advisable to transmit on the bus line cyclically the state of end devices stored in the individual interface. The regular transmission to other bus interfaces takes place if a change of the state occurs, which is composed of the actual signal value and fault information of an end device, as soon as the load on the bus line permits. It is ensured thereby that with the control and/or logical connection of signals in the different bus interfaces, always identical data are utilized and heretofore faults can be tracked.
For the complete operation of the on-board network according to the invention there are required besides the bus line and the signal line, also power lines via which the required power is supplied to the end devices. It is advisable to run these power lines parallel to the bus line and the signal lines (which may be electrical or optical lines) for reasons of simple installation in the motor vehicle, or to use a suitable multiconductor line. For instance, groups of end devices which are connected to a control device could then be protected electrically by conventional fuses.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An embodiment of the on-board network constructed in accordance with the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows schematically the basic architecture of the new on-board network;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an on-board network arranged in a passenger car without the end devices;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a subsystem, consisting of a bus interface followed by a controller device;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a bus interface followed by three subservient control devices, the inputs and outputs of which are combined in groups; and
FIG. 5 shows the functional design of a bus interface device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in FIG. 1, an on-board network in accordance with this invention consists of a bus line 1 with several bus interfaces 2 which are connected to this bus line to which one or more controller devices 4 are connected via signal lines 3 in a star configuration. End devices are assigned in star fashion, via respective connecting lines 5, to the controller devices 4. The end devices may consist of switches or other operating elements, as well as indicators, sensors 7 and actuators 8.
FIG. 2 shows the correlation of such on-board network with a passenger motor vehicle 10 which consists of several regions such as a front region 11 with the engine space, headlights and, for instance, windshield wipers, a dashboard 12, a central console 13, with the right doors 14 and 15, the left doors 16 and 17, and the stern region 18 with the trunk door, rear window and the back lights. The on-board network is arranged according to the invention in such a manner that the bus line 1 is substantially arranged along the longitudinal axis of the passenger car, with the bus interfaces 2 being arranged within the structurally stiff zone of the motor vehicle. More particularly, the assignment is made so that an interface 2 followed by two controller devices 4 is provided in the front area 11, a bus interface followed by three controller devices is assigned to the right area of the dashboard 12, including the right front door 14. A further bus interface followed by two interface devices, is provided for the left area of the dashboard 12 including the steering column, the left front door 16. A further bus interface 2 followed by three controller devices is provided for the central console of the passenger car for the two front seats as well as the rear right door 15 and rear left door 17. Finally, a last bus interface followed by two controller devices is provided for the rear area.
According to FIG. 3, each bus interface 2 contains a central data processing unit 22, connected to a transmitter/receiver 21 for exchanging data on the bus line 1. Three transmitter/receivers 23 are provided for communication between the bus interface 2 and corresponding controller devices 4, via signal lines 3 of which only one is shown in the figure. The controller device 4 contains a transmitter/receiver 41 for communication with the bus interface 2, a data processor 42, and three signal converters 43 following the data processor. These signal converters 43, are connected to the end devices 6, 7 and 8 via corresponding leads. The signal converters 43 convert the analog signals of the end devices such as voltage and current, into a suitable signals for processing and vice versa. This conversion of the signals and data is accomplished by means of electronic components such as transistors and integrated circuits. The data processor 42 shapes these signals and eliminates spurious signals produced for example by chattering. The processor 42 also collects signals coming from the end devices for coding and transmission by transmitter 41. The processor 42 also distributes and performs fault monitoring of the signal coming from the bus interface 2. The data processor 42 is a commercially available single-chip microcomputer which controls simultaneously the operation of the transmitter/receiver 41 and the signal converters 43.
Alternatively, end devices can be connected, if required, directly to the bus interface 2. For instance, a sensor 8 may be connected to a signal converter 24 and a data processor 25 provided within interface device 2 as shown in FIG. 3. Furthermore, an address converter is integrated into the central data processing unit 22 which performs the conversion of the local, subassembly-specific addresses into function-oriented addresses and vice versa.
According to the presentation of FIG. 4, the inputs and outputs associated with the end devices, of the controller devices 4 following a bus interface 2 are combined in groups in such a manner that always three groups of no more than eight inputs or outputs each are formed. Taking into consideration the various end devices, it is advisable to assign one of these groups to those end devices which receive or deliver analog signals and to assign two groups to those end devices which receive and/or deliver digital signals. Optionally, however, all three groups with eight digital inputs/outputs each can be provided. In the drawing, the group outputs are shown by double arrows 51, 52, 53. The end devices, not shown in detail, are connected to the group output via the leads 5.
The functional design of a bus interface is shown in FIG. 5. The interface comprises substantially a central data processing unit which consists of a single-chip microcomputer SP/ST and a memory. In the memory of the single-chip microcomputer and/or an external memory, the system data, i.e., the information regarding the configuration of the on-board network, for instance, which addresses are of interest for the current bus interface and further the input and output states of the end devices associated with this bus interface, and further, the global states of the on-board network, i.e., the information relevant for the respective bus interface as opposed to other bus interfaces and the control variables for the processing and passing-on and optionally the interlinking of data are stored.
The connection of the bus interface BTS with the bus line BUS is a wired-or logic coupling with a transmission rate of about 10 kBd by means of the bus transmission unit BU. The bus transmission unit BU performs the reception and transmission of the data as well as collision detection. Received data are subjected to a conversion of the logic addresses into system-specific addresses (ULA) and are fed to the central memory and control SP/ST. As far as necessary, they are combined with already stored data (VK). The data are then collected for the control devices by buffer (ZA) and are processed for transmission to the control devices by transmitter (DVS). From there, the further transmission of the signal to the control devices takes place at a transmission rate of about 3 to 4 kBd which is reduced as compared with the bus line.
Signals transmitted from the control devices to the bus interface are received by receiver (DVS) and processed for transfer and incorporation by the central memory and control SP/ST by buffer (EE). After proper processing they are put together, after the message with the highest priority has been determined, for transmission to the bus line by a buffer (USA), where a conversion of the system-specific addresses into logical addresses takes place and are fed to the bus transmission unit BU.
Signals from end devices which are directly assigned to the interface, are integrated via a local input/output unit (LEA) directly into an internal bus of the interface.
In the described on-board network, the transmission on the bus line can be shut down completely by a short circuit. In order to prevent this, an alternate or backup bus line can be provided parallel to the bus line which makes possible limited operation in the individual bus interfaces together with transmitters/receivers assigned only to this alternate bus line. The feature insures that the motor vehicle is still operable, for instance, after a slight accident.
1. An on-board network for motor vehicles with multiplex control for switching, monitoring and controlling a plurality of end devices comprises:
- a plurality of control devices, each control device being connected to end devices in a star configuration, and having signal converters for exchanging end device signals with at least one end device;
- a plurality of bus interfaces, each bus interface being connected to said control devices in a star configuration, each bus interface having first transmitter/receiver means for exchanging control device signals with at least one of said control devices, second transmitter/receiver means and processor means, said first and second transmitter/receiver means being coupled to said processor means; and
- a common bus, said bus interfaces being connected to said common bus through said second transmitter/receiver means for exchanging data signals amongst said bus interfaces, said processor means in each of said bus interfaces controlling the end devices coupled to the respective bus interface via said control devices and each said bus interface operating substantially independently of said other bus interfaces.
2. The on-board network of claim 1 wherein said end device signals comprise at least one of analog and digital signals.
3. The on-board network according to claim 1, wherein each control device comprises a data processor for pre- and post-processing said control device signals received from a corresponding bus interface and to be transmitted to said corresponding bus interface.
4. The on-board network according to claim 1, wherein input and output lines of each control device are combined into one or several input and output groups of the same type;
- and wherein the processor means of each bus interface executes a cyclical transfer of data from and to a corresponding control device in sequence matching inputs and outputs of the respective control device.
5. The on-board network according to claim 1, wherein at least one bus interface comprises additionally a further signal converter for direct exchange of end drive signals with end devices; and a data processor coupling said further signal converter with said processor means.
6. The on-board network according to claim 1, wherein each end device is assigned a local address and wherein each bus interface contains an address converter for logical conversion of the local address of the end device into a global function-oriented address and vice versa.
7. The on-board network according to claim 1, wherein said bus interfaces contain logic elements, for linking binary and/or digital data which correspond to signal values of the end devices.
8. The on-board network according to claim 1, wherein no more than three control devices are associated with one bus interface and wherein one control device has no more than 24 inputs/output connections to said end devices.
9. The on-board network according to claim 1 wherein each of said motor vehicles has at least one dimensionally stiff zone with a longitudinal axis and a plurality of deformable zones and wherein said end and control devices are arranged in said deformable zones and said common bus and said bus interfaces are arranged adjacent to said longitudinal axis substantially in said dimensionally stiff zone.
10. The on-board network according to claim 1, wherein said control devices are associated with certain body areas of said motor vehicles such as doors, front area, rear lights, dashboard or central console with operating elements, vehicle seat, air conditioning system, respectively.
11. A method for operating an on-board network for motor vehicles with multiplex control for switching, monitoring and controlling a plurality of end devices, wherein the network comprises a plurality of control devices, each control device being connected to end devices in a star configuration, and having signal converters for exchanging end device signals with at least one end device; a plurality of bus interfaces, each bus interface being connected to said control devices in a star configuration, each bus interface having first transmitter/receiver means for exchanging control device signals with at least one of said control devices, second transmitter/receiver means and processor means connecting said first and second transmitter/receiver means; and a common bus, said bus interfaces being connected to said common bus through said second transmitter/receiver means for exchanging data signals amongst said bus interfaces, said bus interfaces operating substantially independently of one another; the method comprising exchanging data cyclically in a transmission cycle from a bus interface with corresponding control devices, and delivering a signal from the control devices for the interruption of the transmission cycle for the transmission of time critical information to the corresponding bus interface at predetermined points of the transmission cycle.
12. A method for operating an on-board network for motor vehicles with multiplex control for switching, monitoring and controlling a plurality of end devices, wherein the network comprises a plurality of control devices, each control device being connected to end devices in a star configuration, and having signal converters for exchanging end device signals with at least one end device; a plurality of bus interfaces, each bus interface being connected to said control devices in a star configuration, each bus interface having first transmitter/receiver means for exchanging control device signals with at least one of said control devices, second transmitter/receiver means and processor means connecting said first and second transmitter/receiver means; and a common bus, said bus interfaces being connected to said common bus through said second transmitter/receiver means for exchanging data signals amongst said bus interfaces, said bus interfaces operating substantially independently of one another; the method comprising transmitting from each bus interface signals on the common bus in response to control signals from the signal converters of the associated control devices and internal system states of the bus interface and of the control devices in a cycle, and interrupting the cycle each time a state to be transmitted changes, and transmitting the changed state.
13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising transmitting signals from each bus interface on the bus in response to control signals from the signal converters of the associated control devices and internal system states of the bus interface and of the control devices in a cycle, and interrupting the cycle each time a state to be transmitted changes, and transmitting the changed state.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein said step of transmitting from each bus interface on the common bus comprises the step of transmitting signals from the signal converters of the associated control devices and linking the signals with each other by control and logic elements.
15. The method recited in claim 13, wherein the step of transmitting from each bus interface on the common bus comprises the step of transmitting signals from the signal converters of the associated control devices and linking the signals with each other by control and logic elements.
|3965366||June 22, 1976||Sumida et al.|
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|4538262||August 27, 1985||Sinniger et al.|
|4584487||April 22, 1986||Hesse et al.|
|4607256||August 19, 1986||Henzel|
|4715031||December 22, 1987||Crawford et al.|
|4716408||December 29, 1987||O'Connor et al.|
|4719622||January 12, 1988||Whipple et al.|
|4780620||October 25, 1988||Hogberg et al.|
|4809266||February 28, 1989||Okada|
|4823122||April 18, 1989||Mann et al.|
- E. D. van Veldhuizen, Ing., Proposal for an Automotive Multiplex Wiring System, 1985, 227-230. Paul Langer, Geatrans 2100, Ein Flexibles und Leistungsfahiges Fernwirksystem mit Integrierten Prozebrechnern, 1976, 102-124. Von Norbert Budnik, Ein Impuls-Fernwirksystem fur Anwendungen in Nachrichtenanlagen, 1971, 385-389. D. Homburg, Internationale Elektronische Rundschau, vol. 29, No. 12 (Dec. 1975).
Filed: Sep 8, 1988
Date of Patent: Jul 17, 1990
Assignee: Bergmann Kabelwerke AG (Berlin & Brake)
Inventors: Antonius Moller (Delmenhorst), Herbert Reimann (Oldenburg), Bernhard Schurmann (Brake), Gerold Wilts (Ovelgoenne)
Primary Examiner: Douglas W. Olms
Assistant Examiner: Alpus Hsu
Law Firm: Kenyon & Kenyon
Application Number: 7/241,612
International Classification: H04J 302;


text:
The opportunity for app developers to build app businesses outside of their home countries is enormous. All over the world, rapidly-growing markets are ripe for new users and create the possibility of lucrative app monetization. Diving into these app markets, however, must be approached with caution.
This week, the Apps Alliance staff focused on the challenge of taking an app global and how to adapt in local markets. You can see an exclusive post on DEVSBUILD.IT from Si Shen, co-founder and CEO of Papaya Mobile, about how to take your app global.
Here are a few key takeaways to consider when taking your app to new markets around the world.
- The global mobile app market is growing very quickly. AppLift estimates that global mobile games revenue will rise to $35.4 billion by 2017. Si Shen of Papaya Mobile estimates that there are going to be 500 – 600 million more smartphone users in the coming years.
- Smaller, lesser-known markets are growing at an even faster rate. Regions like Latin America, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific grew more than 30% year-over-year in games revenue. In Thailand, approximately 10,000 downloads are necessary to be #1 in “Top Free,” about 1/8th of the amount of downloads needed to be in the “Top 10 Apps” category in American app stores.
Adapt your app’s content and marketing strategy to each local market. Si Shen points out that “localization will also require that you offer culture-appropriate content and game mechanics (particularly with mobile games), local billing services, and localized marketing activities tailored to your target demographic.”
- Find local partners to help with distribution, PR, and operations. The culture of each market is different, so finding a local app publisher or distribution service will greatly improve your chances for success. If you plan on sticking around for the long-haul, establishing a local office could be extremely helpful for credibility and legal hurdles.
- Know the behavior of a market and crush it! Each market around the world presents different opportunities for success. Priori Data points out that communication, gaming, and entertainment apps on Google Play in Japan are becoming more popular. Si points out that mobile commerce apps will be the next big wave in China.
We’ve compiled a few useful resources for taking your app global in this week’s newsletter. You can see more about global app markets in the Global Markets section on DEVSBUILD.IT.

domain: geography


Russia Tests Hypersonic Missile
"Unbeatable" According to President Putin
The Russian news agency Tass, citing military sources, reports that Russia tested a hypersonic missile over the Russian Arctic within the past two weeks. A MIG 31 Intercept jet performed the testing of the Kinjal Dagger hypersonic missile.
The missile was fired against a ground target at the Pemboi training grounds in Russia's Arctic Komi region. No other details were provided. Russian President Vladimir Putin has bragged that the Dagger missile is unbeatable and capable of evading any enemy defenses. The Kinjal Dagger is said to be capable of hitting targets 1,250 miles away with conventional or nuclear warheads travelling at hypersonic speeds. Average hypersonic speeds range from Mach 5-10.
Danish Defense Warning
Meanwhile in its annual risk assessment report, the Danish Defense Intelligence Service warned of a "great power play" shaping up between the US, Russia and China that's increasing the level of tension in the Arctic region, with much including valuable mineral deposits and strategic positioning at stake at the top of the world. For a sample listen or free ACX code for a free copy of the audiobook "Important Innovations Collection - Travel" by Ed Kane go to amazon.com/author/ekane
email@example.com and https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07N15VKCW/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i9


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From MN House Minority Leader Paul Thissen…
While Republicans in the Minnesota legislature tried to hide their proposed budget by debating in the middle of the night, it is so full of misplaced priorities that even the darkness of night cannot hide what a giant step backwards this budget would be for our state.
Even after six hour, eight hour – even fourteen hour – debates on these proposals, your House DFLers were still fighting for you. We stood up on the House floor and told the truth about the Republican budget, and we made it clear whose side we’re on. Take a few moments and watch your House DFLers stand up for you on the House floor:
As we did during these debates, these representatives and all of our 62 members will continue to stand up for middle class Minnesotans and hold the Republicans accountable for what they’re attempting to do to our state. But we cannot keep fighting without your help. We need Democrats across Minnesota to stand together to fight against a a Republican budget that asks hard working middle class families and our most vulnerable citizens to once again to bear the entire responsibility in closing the largest deficit in our state’s history.
Can you stand with the House DFL by making a contribution of any amount today?
The Republican budget barrage is continuing and the best way to stop the Republicans is to start building to a DFL Majority in 2012 – today. I hope we can count on your continued support.
P.S. Help us hold Republicans accountable for hiding their slash-and-burn budget under the dark of night. Contribute today.
Source: Minnesota DFL website: http://dfl.org


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Concrete Jungle V3
The concrete jungle series is a perpetual concoction of the two most popular and elements of architecture design. It’s raw and completely timeless.
Concrete + Timber.
Presenting the best of both worlds.
*Please note that color may vary slightly due to the nature of timber and concrete.
Brand: Shiok Lighting
Founded by a pair of interior enthusiast from the Lion City, Shiok Lighting aims to create an online boutique by consolidating intriguing pieces of interior furnishing. Its curated collection is the brain child of the globetrotting stewardess co-founder, drawing inspirations from the world and bringing them closer to home for the likeminded.
Dimensions: W12.5 x H16cm
Material: Concrete body, Wood tip
Bulb Technology: E27
Clean concrete at least once a year to remove normal dirt and grime build up and to remove rust or other stains.
Delivery & Warranty
Delivery: 2-3 days
Warranty: 6 months

domain: design


Heading out the door? Read this article on the new Outside+ app available now on iOS devices for members! Download the app.
CAMAIORE, Italy (VN) — Richie Porte knows every day he clicks into the pedals he is one day closer to retirement.
Speaking to VeloNews at the start of the stage 2, the 37-year-old admits he has mixed feelings as he closes in on his final year in the peloton.
“I can’t lie, it’s a bit of everything. The Tour Down Under this year, obviously it wasn’t a WorldTour race, but it was quite an emotional thing,” Porte told VeloNews. “It is a bit of nostalgia that every time you sign on to a race, it’s one less working day of the thing that’s been your life.”
The tenacious Tasmanian has seen it all in the arc of his 13-year career.
He’s raced on the biggest and best teams in the world, emerged as one of the best stage racers of his generation, and made history when he become only the second Australian to hit the Tour de France GC podium when he was third in 2020.
Despite a horrific crash involving Colombian and 2019 Tour winner Egan Bernal in January, Porte confirmed to VeloNews that there will be no changes to his racing calendar.
The Giro d’Italia — where he made waves in 2010 when he wore the pink jersey, won the white jersey, and finished seventh overall in his grand tour debut — remains the centerpiece of his calendar.
“The plan will stay the same for me,” Porte said. “I am excited that my big goal is in May. It’s different that than we try to eke our more form, starting in Australia in January all the way to July, it’s a long stretch.”
Richie Porte riding a quiet portion of the stage 1 TT at Tirreno Adriatico
— peloton® (@pelotonmagazine) March 7, 2022
He’s also tasted the bitterness of crashes that can wipe a season’s worth of work and sacrifice, and relished in the glory of 33 professional victories. He was part of three Tour de France-winning teams, in 2012, 2013 and 2015, and then became a GC leader himself at BMC Racing and Trek-Segafredo.
A return to Ineos in 2021 sees Porte putting a definitive end to his career this season. There won’t be any Alejandro Valverde-like heroics from him.
“I am looking forward to this year’s Giro. [Richard] Carapaz is going to be up there, and he’s won it before, and Tao [Geoghegan Hart] has won it before. We’re going to have a great team.
“I am really looking forward to going to the Giro. It’s the first time in seven years.”
Richie Porte: ‘I am looking forward to enjoy this final year’
This week, Porte is racing Tirreno-Adriatico for the first time since 2014.
When asked why he chose the Italian one-week stage race over Paris-Nice, the race he twice won, he said it was a choice to race in Italy a few more days.
“I love Paris-Nice, but more when you arrive in Paris,” he said. “The first few days there don’t really suit my characteristics. It’s been very kind to me. It’s the race that really kicked things off for me.
“I love Italy and I love racing here, so it’s nice to come here and do some different racing.”
Porte is savoring every moment this season like a fine cup of cappuccino.
The rituals of cycling are coming to a close. Pinning on the race bib, going to sign-on, and attending the sometimes annoying media, Porte knows it’s all coming to an end very soon.
There are no regrets, no second thoughts. Porte said he’s excited about spending more time with his family and beginning a new chapter in his life.
Yet he’s a racer, and he knows there is nothing in life to replace the thrill of racing a bike.
“It’s my last year as a professional cyclist. It’s all I know, I suppose,” he said. “I am looking forward to enjoy this final year. It’s not an easy game to enjoy.
“I still love riding my bike, but the races are getting faster and faster. And when you have two kids at home, it’s harder to be away from them. I still love it.”


https://www.daca-i.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/loog_big-300x88.png 0 0 https://www.daca-i.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/loog_big-300x88.png 2018-12-04 01:00:002018-12-04 01:00:00Virtual reality platform Comos Walkinside now available for web browsers and mobile devices
Siemens and PureWeb announced the integration of the PureWeb Platform with Siemens' Comos Walkinside Viewer. Comos Walkinside is a virtual reality platform with powerful 3D visualization designed to allow plant engineers and operating personnel to move virtually inside and outside of a plant for operating, training and simulation purposes. The PureWeb Platform provides comprehensive tools for remotely accessing, delivering and interacting with 2D/3D models in real time. This enables Comos Walkinside viewers to realistically depict highly complex plant models in several dimensions using any web browser or mobile device.


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Scientists to film a documentary on the Putorana Plateau
Scientists from the Taimyr Nature Reserves have set off on an expedition to the heart of the Putorana Plateau to carry out a variety of complicated operations and film a documentary on Arctic nature during the spring, summer and autumn seasons, the Taimyr Nature Reserves site said.
"The researchers' plans include a whole variety of scientific studies of the area's flora and fauna, and also the dynamics of seasonal changes to many natural parameters," the site's announcement said. In particular, the scientists will track changes to migration routes taken by the wild northern reindeer.
Geographers and all-round specialists Vasily Sarana and Ivan Kobilyakov are taking part in the expedition, which is expected to last at least six months.


- Special Sections
- Public Notices
TELL CITY – The Tell City Water Department is sending out its annual consumer-confidence reports this week, said Superintendent Dale Poole.
The report is mandated by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management and must be sent each year to water customers.
It informs customers of the quality and status of the water.
Customers who don’t receive a copy may pick one up at the water department office in City Hall.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Perry County News, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
If you are new to the award winning Perry County News and wish to get a subscription or simply gain access to our online content then please enter your ZIP code below and continue to setup your account.


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You are using an outdated browser. Please
upgrade your browser to improve your ReverbNation experience.
Not listening to anything?
Try one of the ReverbNation Channels
BrightLife Music; a label that believes in delivering only prime cuts to the proverbial musical table.
for sales and info
Email - email@example.com
© 2014 eMinor Incorporated

domain: entertainment


text:
This was a cute little flash that was really creative and had a good moral to it about the life of cigarettes,the animation though it didn't have much background most of the time it looked great with the cute character design and happy go lucky music also it had a real neat ending too so overall you did a great job on this flash.
Love it! Just so orginal and cool!
Haha loved it
That was awsome poor cigarette tho Good job ;]
Well, in England people do say bum me a fag. haha
Nice message :)

domain: artistic


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Full Mouth Rehabilitation
Full mouth rehabilitation or full mouth restorations is a term used to describe the process of simultaneously rebuilding or restoring all or most of the teeth in your mouth.
Full mouth rehabilitation typically involves our team of general dentists and restorative dentist who will perform procedures like teeth capping bridging or veneers.
It may also involve a gum specialist (Periodontist) to cut your gums to make your teeth longer, and oral surgeon, an orthodontist act ( to move your teeth in the right position) and an endodontist (Root Canal Specialist).
So usually full mouth rehabilitation is teamwork performed by the specialist of each field at world Smiles Dental Centre.
The need for full mouth rehabilitation may result from an
- Teeth completely lost Due to decay or trauma
- Broken down or fractured teeth
- Teeth that have severely worn out due to faulty biting pattern for tooth grinding.
- An ongoing complaint of jaw and muscle pain or headache requiring bite correction
The diagnosis for a Full Mouth Rehabilitation Case
- The 1st step in treating a patient who requires full mouth rehabilitation (FMR) is coming to the right diagnosis.
- Most patients come with referred pain in the joints around the ear or around the temple. There is also some pain or soreness in the muscles around the cheek and joints.
- The mouth opening may be restricted or reduced too in some cases. All these sometimes leads to confusion in the patient’s mind as to what and where does the problem underlie.
- At World Smiles dental center, Dr Rohan Bandi who is a specialist in treating innumerable patients with similar problems will help you understand the cause of your problem.
- Detailed examination of your jaw muscles, joints and teeth is done.
A diagnostic device called an Anterior Deprogrammer is given to you to wear for a couple of days. (FIG: 1)
Most patients find immediate relief in symptoms and report of the comfort they felt in the night while sleeping and when waking up in the morning.
This step confirms our diagnosis and usually is the building block and basis for us to proceed to the next stage which is recording your jaw movements and studying them on a jaw simulator called a Semi-adjustable articulator. (FIG: 2)
The jaw movements and how these movements affect your teeth causing the damage are shown to you live.
After this explanation and understanding, a decision and call is taken as to what is the best way to treat the problem.
Whether full mouth caps and bridges are required or only some teeth are required to be capped and rest can be shaped into the right biting position.
All these are discussed with the patient before finalizing the treatment plan.
Once a consensus is reached only then treatment is started.
In such cases diagnosis, and finding and correcting the cause of the damage is more important than the treatment itself. Most doctors and practitioners neglect or are unaware of this critical and most important step/part.
The treatment involves shaping the teeth for caps or modifying them to the right shape.
After which temporary caps are given.
You are on temporary caps for a while, until your symptoms and pain is gone and you are comfortable with your new teeth and biting.
Once you give a go ahead and we are satisfied, the temporary caps are replaced with permanent ones which are beautifully handcrafted or computer generated to exactly fit and suit your mouth. The entire process can take a few weeks to complete.
Since the permanent caps are just a replica of your temporary teeth, you are just as comfortable and pain-free as before.
Your quality of life and health also improves as you are no longer suffering in the morning or night with soreness in the head or jaw joints and muscles.
Your smile is rejuvenated just like you had in your younger days or even better, giving you a big confidence boost. (FIG: 3)

domain: medical


Details from Seller
- STEP SEAT: The CBR500R offers a stepped two-piece seat with a low height. Perfect for around-town riding or winding roads, it also offers room for a passenger and is specially designed to fit a wide range of riders.
- ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS): Now standard equipment on every 2021 CBR500R, anti-lock brakes (ABS) helps you make confident stops under less-than-ideal conditions.
- DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION: A LCD screen features a digital speedometer and tachometer and more, including a clock, odometer, trip meter, real-time and average fuel consumption meters, and illuminated engine diagnostic indicators.
- DISC BRAKES: The front 320mm disc brake and 240mm rear feature drilled, petal-style rotors that provide strong stopping power. The front-brake lever is also adjustable for a perfect fit.
- LED HEADLIGHTS: The CBR500R sports a pair of powerful LED headlights. They’re small and light, throw out an amazing amount of illumination, and feature a stylish shape. The design also increases the engine’s intake airflow.
- SLIPPER/ASSIST CLUTCH: The slipper/assist clutch lets us lighten up the clutch-lever effort by 45 percent, but automatically locks up tight when you release it.
- SMOOTHER TRANSMISSION: Our engineers profiled the shift dogs in the transmission to help you get smoother shifts every time. You’ll never see these parts, but you’ll feel their effects.
- STEEL-TUBE FRAME: A motorcycle’s frame is the basis for its handling. Strong and light, the CBR500R’s diamond-shaped 35mm steel-tube mainframe ties to the engine with four mounts, offering a rock-solid foundation for a superior ride and handling.
- CAST WHEELS: Strong and stylish, the CBR500R’s aluminum Y-spoke cast wheels are easy to keep clean, look great, and are another feature that just makes sense.
- PRO-LINK® REAR SUSPENSION: The CBR500R features special shock settings for improved ride comfort. Its sophisticated chassis uses Honda’s Pro-Link® rear suspension; the nine-stage preload and 4.7 inches of travel gives you a comfortable ride over small bumps, while capably absorbing bigger bumps to increase riding comfort and handling.
- Condition: New
- Year: 2021
- Make: Honda
- Model: CBR500R ABS
- Category: Sportbike
- Type: Motorcycle
- Location: Huron, OH
- Price: $6,999
Honda CBR500R ABS 5014971063
1Excludes tax, title, tags and other fees. For general informational purposes only.


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Como Jim O'Briant começou a jornada do(a) design de logotipos
Recently-formed band plays Traditional New Orleans style jazz, often called "Dixieland" jazz. We need a logo that can be used on business cards, brochures, CD labels & jewel boxes, business cards, letterhead, a banner, and perhaps in other places like T-shirts.
Nome da empresa
(The) Zinfandel Stompers
O que te inspira e como você imagina o design para seu negócio?
See the "short summary, above."
- Logo should indicate that this is happy music, but not silly.
- Colors: along the lines of the "Burgundy" color scheme in Microsoft Publisher 2003, plus black and white. 3-4 colors at most, including black.
- Fonts: Consider using a font such as Inkpen, JazzText, or Reprise for the band name. (I think we can send these fonts to you.)
- Images: Wine and/or music related. Possibilities include wine grapes, wine barrels, musicians in a barrel stomping grapes, etc.
- Too many colors
Nós encontramos alguns concursos semelhantes que você pode gostar


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“The structure of these groups is key. Members say the hour goes by quickly, is energizing, and leaves them feeling inspired to enact concrete ideas. This is all because of the components that go into the Mastermind. While the structure we use is simple and predictable, the effects are powerful. The power comes from a strong routine that supports professional learning and growth. Each session involves a combination of coaching, modeling strategies, new content, support, honest feedback, and reflection.”
“Pottinger’s White House experience has made him acutely aware of what he calls “the fading art of leadership.” It’s not a failure of one party or another; it’s more of a generational decline of good judgment. “The élites think it’s all about expertise,” he said. It’s important to have experts, but they aren’t always right: they can be “hampered by their own orthodoxies, their own egos, their own narrow approach to the world.” Pottinger went on, “You need broad-minded leaders who know how to hold people accountable, who know how to delegate, who know a good chain of command, and know how to make hard judgments.””
“Myth 2: Acceptance to college is a game of tiny percentages, in which only a very few applicants get in. Fact: The average acceptance rate for four-year colleges in the U.S. has hovered around 65% for more than a decade. Which means that there are sufficient spaces for many more students than are currently enrolled in higher education.”
“There are (at least) two elements to wokeness. One focuses on concrete benefits for the disadvantaged — reparations, more diverse hiring, more equitable housing and economic policies. The other instigates savage word wars among the highly advantaged. If we can have more of the former and less of the latter, we’ll all be better off.”
“According to an analysis in the journal of the American Psychological Association, managers surveyed by the Society for Human Resource Management reported that age diversity positively contributed to organizational performance.”
“The man was able to type with 95% accuracy just by imagining he was handwriting letters on a sheet of paper, a team reported Wednesday in the journal Nature.”
Every week I send out articles I encounter from around the web. Subject matter ranges from hard knowledge about teaching to research about creativity and cognitive science to stories from other industries that, by analogy, inform what we do as educators. This breadth helps us see our work in new ways.
Readers include teachers, school leaders, university overseers, conference organizers, think tank workers, startup founders, nonprofit leaders, and people who are simply interested in what’s happening in education. They say it helps them keep tabs on what matters most in the conversation surrounding schools, teaching, learning, and more.
– Peter Nilsson

domain: news


Car has a slight hesitation when accelerating from a stop.
|Engine hesitates during acceleration Inspection||$94.99 - $114.99||Get a Quote|
Hi, there is a list of possible problems that could cause the hesitation from a stop on this engine. The intake system is known to have vacuum leaks and also coolant leaking into the intake. The mass air flow sensor problem when it gets dirty. The throttle body sticking and getting carbon deposits reducing air flow. Ignition and fuel system issues like clogged filters and spark plugs worn. Any of these issues could cause this problem and the complete vehicle system should be checked by a qualified mechanic to perform any needed maintenance and repair any defective issues with components.
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text:
Riyadh, May 22: Twenty percent of private sector companies in Saudi Arabia are not meeting quotas for the employment of nationals, despite a program aimed at boosting recruitment that launched two years ago, a labor official was quoted as saying on Monday.
Nitaqat, a government-led Saudization program, was launched with the aim of increasing the number of nationals employed in private sector companies and to help reduce the unemployment rate.
The Nitaqat program classified companies into blue, green, yellow and red categories according to their level of compliance.
Companies most compliant with Nitaqat’s regulations belong in the blue category, while companies with little or no compliance are classed as red. One-fifth of companies in the Saudi market are in still the red category, Ahmed Al-Humaidan, undersecretary at the Ministry of Labor, told Al-Eqtisadiah business newspaper.
Since launching Nitaqat, the Ministry of Labor confirmed the employment of 500,000 Saudis, thus improving the compliance of companies in the private sector.
The labor official said he was certain that companies will enhance their compliance and get out of the red category, in the face of penalties.
Companies in the red category face being banned from completing procedures such as the change of profession, transfer of visas, issuance of visas, and the opening of files for new branches.
These companies have a grace period of six months to improve their status, according to Nitaqat’s regulations.
Al-Humaidan confirmed that a Labor Ministry committee is looking into ways by which nationals can benefit from working in the maintenance and operation of public facilities.
This follows a decision by the Shoura Council, last October, which banned non-Saudis from working in such fields, unless the job was of a “special nature.”
The Nitaqat system states that business owners must provide regular and updated data on employment positions in operations and maintenance for public facilities, to gain the committee’s approval.

domain: law


|Who Needs An LMC5?|
|C5 Column Lock System|
|LMC5 Tool Kit|
|2005-2013 C6 CAGS-SKIP|
|1997-2004 C5 CAGS-SKIP|
The LMC5 is a device that interfaces with the Body Control Module (BCM) in every 1997-2004 Corvette. The LMC5 simulates the entire steering column lock subsystem in a small, rugged, and easily installed package. By supplying the necessary signals to enable the BCM to allow the car to properly function, the fault-prone steering column lock system is completely bypassed. The LMC5 is easily and quickly attached directly to the BCM, in a nearly tool-less procedure that requires absolutely no disassembly of any significant vehicle parts. The minimum recommended tools are: a 5/16” wrench, a 1/4" wrench, and the supplied terminal removal tool.
The LMC5 can be installed and will work if the car has never had any recall work done. The LMC5 will also work with ANY or ALL of the factory recalls. The LMC5 will even work with any other bypass type device installed. And, NONE of the recall changes or other devices even need to be removed! The driver’s side knee bolster doesn’t need to be touched. The fuel shut-off speed does NOT need to be reprogrammed. You also don't need to waste even one minute tracking down what part of the steering lock system failed. Simply install the LMC5, and EVERY column lock problem (other than a very rare BCM failure) will be gone! The entire installation is performed in the passenger foot well area, and only a carpeted panel needs to be moved out of the way by hand. Installation typically takes less than 20 minutes.
Perhaps most importantly, the LMC5 can be installed even if the SERVICE COLUMN LOCK, or PULL KEY, WAIT 10 SECONDS messages are displayed, the fuel shuts off at 2 MPH, or the steering wheel is currently locked! If the steering wheel locks, simply follow the unlock procedure available with the separate LMC5 Unlocker.
The LMC5 has been designed and tested to work with system voltages below 4 volts. It has been designed and tested to reliably output the proper signals even with the battery too low to start the car, and to continue working through recharging or installation of a new battery. The LMC5 has been designed to be self-resetting, so that if any highly unusual circumstance (i.e., temporary BCM fault) should occur that would result in a Pull key, Wait 10 seconds message, the LMC5 will reset and automatically resynchronize with the BCM upon removal of the ignition key. Even if a BCM or other temporary fault causes a Service Column Lock message, the LMC5 will still reset upon ignition key removal, but it may be necessary to disconnect the negative battery cable or pull fuses to reset the vehicle computers.
The LMC5 has been designed to withstand automotive voltage transients, including load dumps and other voltage spikes to over 200 volts where appropriate. While the vehicle is running, the LMC5 dissipates only a few milliwatts of power (less than a typical LED indicator). The LMC5 uses zero power when the vehicle is off, and therefore drains no power from the battery. Since the LMC5 only connects to the BCM, it can’t generate any voltages or signals that can in any way damage the BCM!
The LMC5 has been designed in the USA, and is also 100% assembled and tested in the USA., using American made components and supplies wherever possible. The LMC5 is encapsulated in a durable, compatible resin, that insulates and protects the circuitry from shock, vibration, water, humidity, acids and other forms of environmental and physical damage. The LMC5 uses 100% solid state circuitry and components, with NO moving parts. With no relay contacts, springs, motors or other moving parts, there’s nothing to wear out, no matter how many times the car is switched on and off.
The LMC5 utilizes automotive grade wire, and original equipment manufacturer connectors, which are crimped, soldered and covered with protective heat shrink tubing.
Remember, the LMC5:
LMC5 TESTING AND RELIABILITY
Every LMC5 undergoes multiple tests throughout manufacture, and also prior to final packaging. Random samples from each production run undergo additional drop, immersion, vibration and extended operation tests, some of which are performed while the LMC5 is operating.
LMC5s work perfectly after:
All of these tests are done with regular production modules, randomly pulled from production runs, NOT with custom, hand picked test modules.
Of course, don't try any of these tests at home. They'll invalidate your warranty!
Copyright © 2010-2014, Compliance Parts, LLC. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of their respective owner.


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Renaldo Kuhler lived on his own terms. He loved bathtubs, he eschewed cars and computers, he played a plywood violin, and he sometimes wore a uniform of his own design, which showed off his long, strong legs. “Renaldo drank a lot, smoked a lot, talked a lot—to me, to himself, and to anyone within earshot,” writes Brett Ingram, author of The Secret World of Renaldo Kuhler. The one thing Kuhler did not talk about, not for decades, not to anyone, was Rocaterrania, the hidden kingdom he had created as a young man.
Over the course of his life, Kuhler made thousands of drawings—maps, portraits, landscapes, propaganda—illustrating the history of Rocaterrania. After Ingram started filming him for a documentary, Kuhler started to reveal the story of his secret land, a place of intrigues and revolutions, heroes and villains. The Secret World of Renaldo Kuhler, to be published this October, might be thought of as the first history of Rocaterrania. It collects Kuhler’s fascinating art and tells, for the first time in print, the full, epic story of the world he created.
Rocaterrania was founded in 1931, when two wealthy American immigrants bought an expanse of land north of the Adirondacks, extending up to the Canadian border. Rocaterrania’s first leaders were monarchs, Phillippe and Catherine, who had little use for democracy. Their new country resembled old Europe, with streets that resembled Paris, an opera house in the capital, and a hard-working lower class of immigrant farmers and miners. As Rocaterrania’s population grew, the country developed its own culture, with its own language, based on Spanish, Yiddish, German, and English, and its own religion, Ojallaism, which drew from Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
The people of Rocaterrania, though, were unhappy with monarchical rule, and the country’s history was marked with revolts. The monarchy was forced to recognize an autonomous region, New Serbia, and was eventually overthrown by socialist rebels, who held democratic elections.
Under this new political order, innovation and culture flourished in Rocaterrania. The environmentally minded government created systems to recycle waste into fertilizer and created a Rocaterranian Conservation Corps that helped build up the country’s infrastructure. Rocaterranians started their own version of the Olympics, and a film industry blossomed.
The history concludes: “It took many hard years of struggle, dark days and night, for Rocaterrania to become the nice place it is today but, no question about it, they made it.”
Kuhler dreamed up Rocaterrania as a young man, discontented with the rule of his parents. He was born Ronald L. Kuhler in 1931, to European immigrants in New Jersey. He spent his childhood in New York’s Rockland County before his father moved the family to a cattle ranch in Colorado. Isolated, uninterested in becoming a cowboy, intrigued by art, music, language, and history, Kuhler escaped into an imaginary world.
Even after leaving home, he continued to spool out the story of Rocaterreania while working as a historian in Washington State and a scientific illustrator in Raleigh, North Carolina, where Ingram met him. Rocaterrenia wasn’t just a made-up world; it became a metaphorical history of his life. “Rocaterrania is not a utopia,” he told Ingram. “It is not a fairyland or dreamland. What it is, it indirectly tells the story of my life and my struggle to become what I am today. I am Rocaterrania, and my troubles within me and everything else, the events of my life.”
Read the history with that understanding and the undercurrents of Kuhler’s personal story start to emerge. When Phillippe, the first emperor, is described as a “benevolent, if somewhat inscrutable, monarch” and Catherine, the first empress, as “rather domineering,” Kuhler’s feelings about his parents come into focus. When an early rebellion gives one part of the country “substantial autonomy to govern their own affairs,” it maps onto the moment when Kuhler’s parents let him live in his own cabin on the ranch, granting him a partial freedom.
Kuhler’s tastes map onto Rocaterrania, too. Ingram writes that Kuhler donated generously to environmental causes; Rocaterranians are avid environmentalists. He played the violin; Rocaterranians revere the opera. Like Kuhler, the early monarchs loved trains, and they built a lasting system of urban transit and long-distance rail, so the country never developed a car culture. It’s even possible to read certain characters as aspects of Kuhler himself, too, and eventually a Ronald L. Kuhler and his twin sister, Renalda Kuhler, immigrate to Rocaterrania. Ronald quickly falls in love with one of the daughters of a well-regarded Rocaterranian family, and Renalda purses a career as an enterprising journalist.
As Rocaterrania matures as a country, its people find greater creativity and freedom. By the time Ingram met Kuhler, in the 1990s, he had found some of that same freedom. Kuhler “was unabashedly, unapologetically, incorrigibly himself as a moral imperative,” Ingram writes. The project of creating Rocaterrania and recording its history helped him realize a more fully expressive life for himself. Kuhler passed away in 2013, five years after Ingram completed his documentary, Rocaterrania. “The ability to fantasize is the ability to survive,” he told the filmmaker. Rocaterrania made that possible for Renaldo Kuhler.

domain: library


text:
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MACON WOODWIND ENSEMBLES
Whether you’re a fan of the flute or relish in the sounds of a saxophone, a Woodwind Ensemble works well on any occasion: weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, corporate functions, and more. Search from our listing of talented musicians in the Macon County, TN area book today!
Please note these Woodwind Ensembles
will also travel to Red Boiling Springs, Lafayette, Gamaliel, Whitleyville, Dixon Springs, Fountain Run, Pleasant Shade, Holland, Moss, Riddleton, Westmoreland, Hartsville, Tompkinsville, Gainesboro, Carthage, Bloomington Springs, Elmwood, Etoile, Granville, Hestand, Austin, Mount Hermon, Adolphus, Scottsville, Chestnut Mound, Halfway, Lucas, Bethpage, Gordonsville, Buffalo Valley


text:
Search over 1,000,000 properties worldwide and 550 airlines worldwide.
Search over a million flights, hotels, packages, and more
No Expedia cancellation fee to change or cancel almost any hotel reservation.
Georgian College is located in a welcoming area of Barrie that travelers like for its sporting events. Barrie is home to 24 hotels and other accommodations, so you can find something that's perfect for your stay.
After you've visited Georgian College, you can explore the sights and attractions within just a few miles of the area.
You'll want to browse the exhibits at MacLaren Art Centre and Simcoe County Museum. Planing to do some shopping while in the area? Consider Barrie Farmers Market, Bayfield Mall, and Kozlov Shopping Centre. You might plan a visit to Eastview Arena or Heritage Hills Golf Club while you're in the area.
If you want to see more of the surrounding area, you can plan a visit to Georgian College Gryphon Theatre and Georgian Mall. Spend some time checking out Horseshoe Valley, which is 9.5 mi (15.3 km) from Georgian College, or make a stop by Snow Valley Ski Resort, located 6.1 mi (9.8 km) away.


text:
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About this product
- DescriptionDrawing on writings from the Greeks to Cervantes, Voltaire to Nietzsche, and Freud to William James, the author combines his considerable knowledge of politics and political theory with a vast array of literary examples to arrive at an intellectual understanding of the history and meaning of suffering.
- Author BiographyFernando Escalante Gonzalbo is Professor of International Relations at El Colegio de Mexico. Jessica C. Locke is Professor of Literature at the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey in Mexico City.
- Author(s)Gonzalbo Fernando Escalante
- PublisherUniversity of Texas Press
- Date of Publication01/03/2006
- Series TitleLLILAS Translations from Latin America Series
- Place of PublicationAustin, TX
- Country of PublicationUnited States
- ImprintUniversity of Texas Press
- Content Noteblack & white illustrations
- Weight527 g
- Width152 mm
- Height229 mm
- Spine20 mm
- Translated byJessica C. Locke
- Format DetailsTrade paperback (US)
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domain: literature


3D-printed supercapacitor-powered electrochemiluminescent protein immunoarray
Biosensors and Bioelectronics
3D-printing; Biomarker proteins; ECL immunoarray; Microfluidics; Prostate cancer; Supercapacitor
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.. Herein we report a low cost, sensitive, supercapacitor-powered electrochemiluminescent (ECL) protein immunoarray fabricated by an inexpensive 3-dimensional (3D) printer. The immunosensor detects three cancer biomarker proteins in serum within 35min. The 3D-printed device employs hand screen printed carbon sensors with gravity flow for sample/reagent delivery and washing. Prostate cancer biomarker proteins, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and platelet factor-4 (PF-4) in serum were captured on the antibody-coated carbon sensors followed by delivery of detection-antibody-coated Ru(bpy)32+ (RuBPY)-doped silica nanoparticles in a sandwich immunoassay. ECL light was initiated from RuBPY in the silica nanoparticles by electrochemical oxidation with tripropylamine (TPrA) co-reactant using supercapacitor power and ECL was captured with a CCD camera. The supercapacitor was rapidly photo-recharged between assays using an inexpensive solar cell. Detection limits were 300-500fgmL-1 for the 3 proteins in undiluted calf serum. Assays of 6 prostate cancer patient serum samples gave good correlation with conventional single protein ELISAs. This technology could provide sensitive onsite cancer diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings with the need for only moderate-level training.
Kadimisetty, K., Mosa, I., Malla, S., Satterwhite-Warden, J., Kuhns, T., Faria, R., Lee, N., & Rusling, J. (2016). 3D-printed supercapacitor-powered electrochemiluminescent protein immunoarray. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 77 (). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.017


W&W – The One (Original Mix) [Bomb Alert !!!] [Buy @ Beatport] Ever since it’s live premier during Ultra Music Festival in Miami, W&W‘s brand new single has been eagerly anticipated by fans all over the world. While incorporating an ever-impressing vocal sample of Whitney Houston into their creation, the renowned Dutch duo came up with a smashing record, capable of topping charts all over the world. This is ‘The One‘ single worth waiting for, and it’s progressive house at its finest!
Volt & State vs Manse feat. Jamie Drake – Falling Down (Original Mix) [Buy @ Beatport] Volt & State are back on the Armada Trice imprint with a magnificent tune, in collaboration with Manse and Jamie Drake. The mesmerizing chords immediately grab your attention, while Jamie Drake‘s vocals soar across the progressively styled synths until the record bursts in excitement. ‘Falling Down‘ is just the record you were looking for and a guaranteed hit on the forthcoming festivals!
Swanky Tunes – Come Together (Original Mix) [Buy @ Beatport] Ever blending groovy beats and fat synths alongside catchy melodies,Swanky Tunes bring one hell of a tune to their own Showland imprint. As mentioned in the track itself, this piece could easily become the favourite track of a disco evening just before closing time! But then again, it might just ensure that the party goes on for hours to come.
Follow us :Tags: Release : W&W - The One (Original Mix) [Mainstage Music (Armada)]


October 2, 2017
Monty Python's John Cleese live at McCain on Oct. 5
John Cleese, co-founder of the legendary comedy troupe Monty Python, is coming to Kansas State University's McCain Performance Series at 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 5, in McCain Auditorium.
Cleese will take questions from the audience following a screening of the classic comedy "Monty Python and the Holy Grail" in its entirety on the big screen. Cleese will tell stories of his life and career — and you may finally find out the air speed of an unladen swallow.
Tickets are available at the McCain Auditorium box office, online at k-state.edu/mccain, or by calling 785-532-6428. All Kansas State University students and kids 18 and under are half-price. Other discounts are available for seniors, military, university faculty and staff, and for groups of 10 or more.


The Jauch HCMOS oscillators JO22, JO32 and JRO32
are oscillators with an output frequency of 32.768 kHz. They are specifically optimized for very low power consumption and variable operating voltages.
Download Datasheets Additional Product Information
These oscillators generate a temperature stable frequency of 32.768kHz.
They are especially suitable for RTC (Real Time Clock) applications.
Due to their variable operating voltage and their HCMOS output, they can be used very flexibly.


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We are glad that you’ve arrived at ProjectKnow.com to pinpoint assistance in Airmont, NY for yourself or someone you love. With the most extensive national database of addiction treatment centers we can help connect you with the aid you need, whether it’s for Methadone, Disulfiram or something else entirely. These substance abuse centers centers are able to offer the top-rated alcohol and substance overuse remedy or specific behavioral addiction therapies to meet your individual demands.
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One on one help. modern classes.
Consistent, straightforward, strict. Weak daily schedule. I went there to see if it's something for me and will help me to control my substance abuse and it does get you on the right track, however your mind must be set to do so, because it is kind of a one shot opportunity.
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Even if the recommended featured remedy options do not meet your needs, there are still many options available. We’ve discovered several other substance abuse programs near Airmont NY. Don’t let the sizeable number of possible options overwhelm you, though – our helpful advisors are always available to help you figure out the center if you want to speak to someone in person. Our toll-free phone number is , and someone is at hand day or night.
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With so many drug abuse treatment selections available for you in Airmont, New York, determining how to begin can be challenging. The fact that you're here means you are serious about getting help for yourself or someone you love. Our phone lines are accessible to you round-the-clock if you are looking to pinpoint a program, discuss treatment possibilities, verify your health coverage or get a no-cost assessment.. Dial today.

domain: psychology


text:
Father’s Day is around the corner (16th June!) and I really don’t think it’s fair that dads-to-be should miss out! He may need a little help with his dad-jokes though, so why not give him a start? These funny cards and gifts for Father’s Day from the bump will definitely get a giggle whilst celebrating being a daddy-to-be!
* ALL DESIGNS FEATURED IN THIS BLOG ARE MY OWN. I DON’T GET MONEY FOR YOU CLICKING THE LINKS BUT WILL RECEIVE A PERCENTAGE OF THE MONEY IF YOU PURCHASE ANYTHING *
This A4 personalised ‘Peas & Quiet‘ print is the perfect gift for his first Father’s Day! The print features three cute little peas all snuggled together in the pod.
You can request your names at the bottom of the print if you’d like or just have mummy, daddy & Bump!
I also sell my greeting cards over on Thortful, where you can add a cute little gift to the card itself. Socks, Chocolate or a Chocolate Brownie mix that fits easily through the letterbox!
Thortful is also perfect if you’ve left it a little late as if you order before 5pm they send it out the same day! The cards are slightly bigger starting at A5 but I think they are absolutely perfect for gifting.
We live in Brighton so I think the inspiration for this design came from the millions of Seagulls that flock to our city on a daily basis. You honestly can’t get away from them!
I did make these two Seagulls super cute though. I think it’s a perfect little gift for any dad-to-be living by the seaside!
Over on my Redbubble Shop I also sell these adorable stickers that would be perfect for any daddy-to-be on Father’s Day. They start at just £1.80 but also have an offer for 25% off if you buy 4. They’re ideal to stick on laptops, cases or folders.
You can purchase all of my Father’s Day designs on t shirts too. I actually bought my husband the middle one that says ‘Level Up!’ for this year. We will have our little one by June but it definitely suits a dad-to-be as well.
Starting at just £14.50 this is the perfect little gift for a new dad. Maybe even match it up with one of my matching pun cards!
Make sure to also check out my Gift Guides for Father’s Day and First Father’s Day Gifts and Cards!
I hope you enjoyed my gift guide for Father’s Day from the BUMP! There’s really not a lot out there for Father’s Day from the bump but it’s definitely something we should celebrate! These are all perfect gifts that he can keep and treasure for years to come.