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|State of South Carolina|
|Largest metro area||Columbia (MSA)|
|- Total||32,020 sq mi |
|- Width||200 miles (320 km)|
|- Length||260 miles (420 km)|
|- % water||6|
|- Latitude||32° 2′ N to 35° 13′ N|
|- Longitude||78° 32′ W to 83° 21′ W|
|Population||Ranked 24th in the U.S.|
|- Total||4,679,230 (2011 est)|
|- Density||155/sq mi (60.0/km2)|
Ranked 19th in the U.S.
|- Median income||$39,326 (39th)|
|- Highest point||Sassafras Mountain|
3,560 ft (1,085 m)
|- Mean||350 ft (110 m)|
|- Lowest point||Atlantic Ocean|
0 ft (0 m)
|Admission to Union||May 23, 1788 (8th)|
|Governor||Nikki Haley (R)|
|Lieutenant Governor||Ken Ard (R)|
|U.S. Senators||Lindsey Graham (R)|
Jim DeMint (R)
|Time zone||Eastern: UTC-5/-4|
It was part of the 1663 charter in which Charles I of England granted the Lords Proprietor title to all of the land from the southern border of the Virginia Colony from 36 degrees north to 31 degrees north (along the coast of present-day Georgia).
Its history has been a record of commitment to political independence and the epitome of decentralization (Anti-federalism) in the U.S. The Province of South Carolina was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. As a cornerstone of mercantilism and the slave trade, it was also the first state to secede from the Union to found the Confederate States of America.
In the twentieth century industry took over the dominant role formerly held by agriculture in South Carolina's economy, and the focus of textile production shifted from cotton to synthetic fabrics. In the 1990s the major industries were textiles and chemicals, and foreign investment played a major role in the state's economy. Tourism also played a role, with the coastal areas drawing visitors from around the nation.
In the postwar period, the Democrats' traditional control of the state weakened, and, beginning with Barry Goldwater, Republican presidential candidates have carried the state in every election except that of 1976, in which Southerner Jimmy Carter prevailed.
In colonial days, the state was part of a vast region that Charles I of England, granted to Sir Robert Heath in 1629. The region was named Carolana, a word derived from the Latin form of Charles, in reference to the monarch. His son, Charles II of England, changed the spelling of the region’s name to Carolina in 1663. During the 17th century the area now covered by the present state came to be called South Carolina and the area to the north became North Carolina. The two sections remained a single colony until the British divided it into two in 1729.
South Carolina is composed of four geographic areas, whose boundaries roughly parallel the northeast/southwest Atlantic coastline. The lower part of the state is the Coastal Plain, also known as the Lowcountry, which is nearly flat and composed entirely of recent sediments such as sand, silt, and clay. Areas with better drainage make excellent farmland, though some land is swampy. The coastline contains many salt marshes and estuaries, as well as natural ports such as Georgetown, Port Royal and Charleston. An unusual feature of the coastal plain is a large number of Carolina bays, the origins of which are uncertain, though one prominent theory suggests that they were created by a meteor shower. The bays tend to be oval, lining up in a northwest to southeast orientation.
Just west of the coastal plain is the Sand Hills region, which is thought to contain remnants of old coastal dunes from a time when the land was sunken or the oceans were higher.
The Piedmont (Upstate) region contains the roots of an ancient, eroded mountain chain. It tends to be hilly, with thin, stony clay soils, and contains few areas suitable for farming. Much of the Piedmont was once farmed, with little success, and is now reforested. At the southeastern edge of the Piedmont is the fall line, where rivers drop to the coastal plain. The fall line was an important early source of water power, and mills built to harness this resource encouraged the growth of several cities, including the capital, Columbia. The larger rivers are navigable up to the fall line, providing a trade route for mill towns.
The northwestern part of the Piedmont is also known as the Foothills. The Cherokee Parkway is a scenic driving route through this area. This is where Table Rock State Park is located.
Highest in elevation is the Upstate, containing an escarpment of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which continue into North Carolina and Georgia, as part of the southern Appalachian chain. Sassafras Mountain, South Carolina's highest point at 3,560 feet (1,085 m) is located in this area. Also located in the Upcountry is Caesar's Head State Park. The Chattooga River, located on the border between South Carolina and Georgia, is a favorite whitewater rafting destination.
Areas under the management of the National Park Service include:
- Charles Pinckney National Historic Site at Mt. Pleasant
- Congaree National Park in Hopkins
- Cowpens National Battlefield near Chesnee,
- Fort Moultrie National Monument at Sullivan’s Island
- Fort Sumter National Monument in Charleston Harbor
- Kings Mountain National Military Park at Blacksburg
- Ninety Six National Historic Site in Ninety Six
- Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail
South Carolina has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen climate classification Cfa), although high elevation areas in the "Upstate" area have less subtropical characteristics than areas on the Atlantic coastline. In the summer, South Carolina is hot and humid with daytime temperatures averaging between 86-92 °F (30-33 °C) in most of the state and overnight lows over 70 °F (21 °C) on the coast and in the high 60s°F (near 20 °C) further inland. Winter temperatures are much less uniform in South Carolina. Coastal areas of the state have very mild winters with high temperatures approaching an average of 60 °F (16 °C) and overnight lows in the 40s°F (5-8 °C). Further inland in the higher country, the average January overnight low can be below freezing. While precipitation is abundant the entire year in almost the entire state, near the coast tends to have a slightly wetter summer, while inland March tends to be the wettest month.
Snowfall in South Carolina is minimal with coastal areas receiving less than an inch (2.5 cm) on average. It isn't uncommon for areas on the coast (especially the southern coast) to receive no recordable snowfall in a given year, although it usually receives at least a small dusting of snow annually. The interior receives a little more snow, although nowhere in the state averages more than 6 inches (15 cm) a year.
The state is prone to tropical cyclones and it is a yearly concern during hurricane season which is from June-November, although the peak time of vulnerability for the southeast Atlantic coast is from early August to early October when the Cape Verde hurricane season lasts. South Carolina averages around 50 days of thunderstorm activity a year, which is less than some of the states further south and is slightly less vulnerable to tornadoes than the states which border on the Gulf of Mexico. Still, some notable tornadoes have struck South Carolina and the state averages around 14 tornadoes annually.
The area that is now the contemporary U.S. state of South Carolina has been populated since at least 13,000 B.C.E. (when tool-making nomads began to leave material remains). Several American Indian groups of Iroquoian stock, including the Cherokee, inhabited the northwestern section, while those of the Siouan heritage—of whom the Catawba were the most numerous—occupied the northern and eastern regions. Indians of Muskogean stock lived in the south.
In the early 1500s, long before the English claimed the Carolinas, Spanish sea captains explored the coast. The Spaniards made an unsuccessful attempt to establish a settlement in 1526 at Winyah Bay, near the present city of Georgetown. Thirty-six years later, a group of French Huguenots under Jean Ribault landed at a site near Parris Island, but the colony failed after Ribault returned to France.
With the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II of England rewarded eight persons on March 24, 1663, for their faithful support in his efforts to regain the throne of England. He granted the eight grantees, called Lords Proprietors or simply Proprietors, the land called Carolina.
The 1663 charter granted the Lords Proprietor title to all of the land from the southern border of the Virginia Colony from 36 degrees north to 31 degrees north (along the coast of present-day Georgia). In 1665, the charter was revised slightly, with the northward boundary extended to 36 degrees 30 minutes north to include the lands of settlers along the Albemarle Sound who had left the Virginia Colony. Likewise the southern boundary was moved south to 29 degrees north, just south of present-day Daytona Beach, Florida.
The proprietary colony of Carolina was first settled at Charles Town in 1670, mostly by immigrants from the (one of many) English colony of Barbados. The Charleston settlement developed more rapidly than the Albemarle Sound and Cape Fear settlements due to the advantages of a natural harbor and easy access to trade with the West Indies.
Charleston served as the principal seat of government for the entire province. However, due to their remoteness from each other, the northern and southern sections of the colony operated more or less independently until 1691 with the appointment of Philip Ludwell as governor of both areas.
Differences between the northern and southern parts of Carolina developed during proprietary rule and separate governors were established for each section. Colonists overthrew the proprietors after the Yamasee War of 1715-1717. In 1719 the colony was officially made a crown colony, although the Lords Proprietors held their rights until 1729.
South Carolina declared independence from Great Britain and set up its own government on March 15, 1776. It joined the United States by signing the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge were the signers from South Carolina. For two years its president was John Rutledge, who became governor. On February 5, 1778, South Carolina became the first state to ratify the first constitution of the U.S., the Articles of Confederation. The Charleston merchant Henry Laurens served as President of the Continental Congress in 1777 and 1778.
By the time of the American Revolution, South Carolina was one of the richest colonies in America. Its merchants and planters formed a strong governing class, contributing many leaders to the fight for independence. More Revolutionary War battles and skirmishes were fought in South Carolina than any other state.
By the 1820s South Carolinian John C. Calhoun developed the theory of nullification, by which a state could reject any federal law it considered to be a violation of its rights. Armed conflict was avoided during this period, but by 1860 tensions between the state and the federal government reached a climax.
With the election of Abraham Lincoln on an anti-slavery platform in 1860, South Carolina immediately and with considerable unanimity decided to secede. On December 20, 1860 it became the first state to leave the Union. In February it joined the Confederate States of America. In April the American Civil War began when Confederate forces attacked the American fort at Fort Sumter, in Charleston, 1861.
After the Confederate defeat, South Carolina underwent Reconstruction. Freed African-Americans and poor whites benefited during Reconstruction, when they expanded the franchise, created and funded a public school system, and created social welfare institutions. The constitution they passed was kept nearly unaltered for 27 years, and most legislation passed during the Reconstruction years lasted longer than that. African-American gains were short-lived. As white planters returned to dominance, they passed Jim Crow laws, especially severe in South Carolina, to create public segregation and control movement of African-American laborers. The whites passed laws that effectively disenfranchised African-Americans by the turn of the century. Although a majority in the state from before the Civil War, African-Americans suffered much diminished civil rights until they won restored protection under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 during the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson.
From 1865 to 1940 the state was poor. Educational levels were low as public schools were underfunded, especially for African-Americans. Most people lived on farms. The more affluent were landowners, who subdivided the land into farms operated by tenant farmers or sharecroppers, along with land operated by the owner using hired labor.
The main economic transformation after 1890 was the replacement of rice and cotton growing by tobacco and soybean cultivation and truck farming, along with the movement of sharecroppers, from the land to the cities. There they found jobs in textile mills, and textiles became the state's leading industry after 1900.
In 1900 the population of South Carolina was 1,340,316. By 1920 it had risen to 1,683,724. The rate of increase slowed in the 1920s as the effects of soil erosion drove many farmers from the state, particularly from the lower Piedmont region. Compounding the effects of erosion was an infestation of the boll weevil, an insect pest from Mexico that feeds on the seed pods of cotton plants. Boll weevils destroyed half of the state’s cotton crop in 1922. Poor black farmers left in large numbers, and in 1930, for the first time in 110 years, the census showed South Carolina’s white population to be larger than its black population.
South Carolina's textile industry thrived until the end of the twentieth century, but by 2007, textile employment had dropped significantly, mostly as a result of foreign competition. The state also converted its agricultural base from cotton to more profitable crops, attracted large military bases and, most recently, attracted European manufacturers.
Public school desegregation after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954 proceeded peaceably, but very slowly. In 1983, for the first time in 95 years, a black state senator was elected; the following year, four blacks were elected to the reapportioned senate.
Despite these changes, most white South Carolinians remained staunchly conservative in political and social matters, as witnessed by the 1999–2000 controversy over the display of the Confederate flag on the dome of the State House. The controversy prompted the NAACP to call for a tourism boycott of the state. Legislators brokered a compromise that moved the flag, viewed as a symbol of oppression by African-Americans, to a spot in front of the capitol, where it flies from a 30-ft pole. The "solution," though favored by most South Carolinians who were polled, did not satisfy most of the black community.
By 2000 South Carolina voted solidly Republican in presidential elections, but state and local government elections were contested by the two parties. The population continued to grow, reaching four million in 2000, as coast areas became prime locations for tourists and retirees. With a poverty rate of 13.5 percent, the state was only slightly worse than the national average of 11.7 percent.
South Carolina's center of population is located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2005, South Carolina has an estimated population of 4,255,083, which is an increase of 57,191, or 1.4 percent, from the prior year and an increase of 243,267, or 6.1 percent, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 97,715 people (that is 295,425 births minus 197,710 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 151,485 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 36,401 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 115,084 people.
The five largest ancestry groups in South Carolina are African-American (29.5 percent), American (13.9 percent), Germany (8.4 percent), English (8.4 percent) and Irish (7.9 percent). For most of South Carolina's history, black slaves, and then their descendants, made up a majority of the state's population. Whites became a majority in the early 20th century, when tens of thousands of blacks moved north in the Great Migration. Most of the African-American population lives in the Lowcountry (especially the inland Lowcountry) and the Midlands; areas where cotton, rice, and indigo plantations once dominated the landscape.
South Carolina, like most other Southern states, is overwhelmingly Protestant Christian, and has a significantly lower percentage of non-religious people than the national average. The religious affiliations of the people of South Carolina are as follows:
- Christian – 92 percent
- Other Religions – 1 percent
- Non-Religious – 7 percent
One of Charleston's nicknames is the Holy City because of the old historical churches whose steeples still grace the modern world. St. Philip's Episcopal Church (1680), Circular Congregational Church (1681), The French Huguenot Church (1682), First Baptist Church (1682), First (Scots) Presbyterian Church (1731), and St. Michael's Episcopal Church (1751) are all still home to modern congregations.
Sephardic Jews have over a 300 year history in South Carolina, especially in and around Charleston. South Carolina had, until around 1830, the largest colony of Jews in North America. Established in 1749, Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim became the first Reform Jewish congregation in the United States in 1841, and is the oldest surviving Reform synagogue in the world.
As of 2004, according to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, South Carolina’s gross state product was $136 billion. As of 2000, the per capita income was $24,000, which was 81% of the national average.
Major agricultural outputs of the state are: tobacco, poultry, cattle, dairy products, soybeans, and hogs. Farms have become fewer but larger in recent years. South Carolina ranks third in peach production; it ranks fourth in overall tobacco production. Other top agricultural commodities include nursery and greenhouse products, watermelons, peanuts, broilers and turkeys. The only commercial tea plantation in America is 20 miles south of Charleston on Wadmalaw Island.
Industrial outputs include: textile goods, chemical products, paper products, machinery, and tourism. Some 25 percent of manufacturing companies in South Carolina are foreign-owned.In 2003 trade pumped $23 billion into the state economy and generated $2.5 billion in state and local taxes.
In 1997, nearly half of the $5.5 billion in capital investments in South Carolina came from international firms, with 57 German companies leading the way. Interstate 85 has been dubbed the "American Autobahn" because there are so many German suppliers in the state. They include BMW, Michelin Tire Corp., Robert Bosch Corp. and Cummins Engine Co., Ingersoll-Rand, AlliedSignal, Borg-Warner, Emitec and Goodyear.
Japanese-affiliated companies have invested $4.5 billion in South Carolina, where currently more than 80 Japanese-affiliated companies operate. These companies in total employ 17,427 workers. Some major Japanese firms in South Carolina are Fuji Photo Film, Inc., AVX Corporation, Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Mitsubishi Polyester Film, LLC and Honda of South Carolina. South Carolina's exports to Japan in 2004 amounted to $436.2 million, making Japan it's 7th largest export market.
The South Carolina State Ports Authority (SCSPA) posted record container volume, breakbulk tonnage, revenues and earnings in 2006 at its three locations. Operating revenues totaled $154 million, up 11.6 percent from the previous year, while operating earnings rose to $53.3 million.
Alcohol and gambling
Prohibition was a major issue in the state's history. Voters endorsed prohibition in 1892 but instead were given the "Dispensary System" of state-owned liquor stores. They soon became symbols of political corruption controlled by Ben Tillman's machine and were shut down in 1907. Today, most counties in South Carolina do not allow the sale of alcohol on Sunday, but counties and cities can apply referendums to overturn this; six counties have.
Even though the State of South Carolina does not allow legalized casino gambling, it did allow the operation of Video Poker Machines throughout the state with approximately $2 billion dollars per year deposited into the state's coffers. However, at Midnight on July 1, 2000 a new law took effect which outlawed the operation, ownership and possession of such machines in the state with machines required to be shut-off at that time and removed from within the state's borders by July 8 or owners of such machines would face criminal prosecution.
In January 7, 2002 the South Carolina Education Lottery was introduced. Its first year it brought in $319 Million while in 2006 the total was $1,144 Million.
The state sales tax is 6 percent for non-grocery goods and 3 percent for grocery goods. Counties have the option to impose an additional 2 percent sales tax.  Citizens 85 or older get a one-percent exclusion from the state's sales tax.
Both real and personal property are subject to tax. Approximately two-thirds of county-levied property taxes are used for the support of public education. The passage of a recent state law will replace local property tax funding of education with a statewide 1 percent sales tax increase. Municipalities levy a tax on property situated within the limits of the municipality for services provided by the municipality. The tax is paid by individuals, corporations and partnerships owning property within the state. South Carolina imposes a casual excise tax of 5 percent on the fair market value of all motor vehicles, motorcycles, boats, motors and airplanes transferred between individuals. The maximum casual excise tax is $300. In South Carolina, intangible personal property is exempt from taxation. There is no inheritance tax.
Major interstate highways passing through the state include: I-20 which runs from Florence in the east through Columbia to the southwestern border near Aiken; I-26 which runs from Charleston in the southeast through Columbia to the northern border in Spartanburg County; I-77 which runs from York County in the north to Columbia; I-85 which runs from Cherokee County in the north through Greenville to the southwestern border in Oconee County; I-385 which runs from Downtown Greenville and intersects with I-26 near Laurens; and I-95 which runs from the northeastern border in Dillon County to the southern border in Jasper County.
Amtrak passes through Columbia, Greenville, Spartanburg, Florence, and Charleston.
Commercial airports are located in Columbia, Charleston, Greenville/Spartanburg, Florence, Myrtle Beach, and Hilton Head Island.
Law and government
Columbia is the state capital and largest city of South Carolina, as well as the county seat of Richland County, with an estimated population in 2006 of 122,819. The city is the center of a rapidly growing metro area of 703,771.
Founded in 1786 as the site of South Carolina's new capital city, it was one of the first planned cities in the U.S. From its beginnings, the site of Columbia was important to the overall development of the state. The area is often cited for its high quality of life offerings, with its many cultural amenities, parks, and recreational features. Columbia was named one of 30 communities among "America's Most Livable Communities." The award was given by the Washington-based non-profit Partners for Livable Communities and honors communities that are developing themselves in the creative economy. Columbia has also been named a top midsized market for relocating families in the nation.
South Carolina's state government consists of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches. The governor is elected for a four-year term and may serve two consecutive terms. He heads the Executive branch (some officers of which are elected). The bicameral South Carolina General Assembly consists of the 46-member Senate and the 124-member House of Representatives. The two bodies meet in the South Carolina State House. The Judicial Branch consists of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the Circuit Court, Family Court, and other divisions.
The Family Court deals with all matters of domestic and family relationships, as well as generally maintaining exclusive jurisdiction over cases involving minors under the age of seventeen, excepting traffic and game law violations. Some criminal charges may come under Circuit Court jurisdiction.
The Circuit Court is the general jurisdiction court for South Carolina. It comprises the Civil Court, the Court of Common Pleas, and the Court of General Sessions, which is the criminal court. The court maintains limited appellate jurisdiction over the Probate Court, Magistrate's Court, Municipal Court, and the Administrative Law Judge Division. The state has sixteen judicial circuits, each with at least one resident circuit judge.
The Court of Appeals handles Circuit Court and Family Court appeals, excepting appeals that are within the seven classes of exclusive Supreme Court jurisdiction. The Court of Appeals is selected by the General Assembly for staggered, six-year terms. The court comprises a chief judge, and eight associate judges, and may hear cases as the whole court, or as three panels with three judges each. The court may preside in any county.
The Supreme Court is South Carolina's highest court. The Chief Justice and four Associate Justices are elected to ten year terms by the General Assembly. Terms are staggered, and there are no limits on the number of terms a justice may serve, but there is a mandatory retirement age of 72. The overwhelming majority of vacancies on the Court occur when Justices reach this age, not through the refusal of the General Assembly to elect a sitting Justice to another term.
Like the Southern States, South Carolina consistently voted for the Democratic Party (United States) in the late nineteenth Century and half of the twentieth century as a Solid South. Republicans became competitive in the 1960 Presidential Election when Richard Nixon narrowly lost the state to John F. Kennedy by just two percentage points. In 1964, Barry Goldwater became the first Republican to win the state for nearly 90 years. Since then, South Carolina has voted for a Republican in every presidential election, except in 1976 when Jimmy Carter, a Southerner, was the last Democrat to win the state. George W. Bush won the state with 58 percent of the statewide vote in 2004 over Senator John Kerry.
Institutions of Higher Education
(Discussed According to Foundation Date)
South Carolina has a long and proud tradition of higher education that is intertwined with its rich and complex history. For a relatively small state, South Carolina hosts a disproportionately large and diverse cohort of institutions of higher education, from large state-funded research universities to small colleges that cultivate a liberal arts, religious or military tradition.
In addition to its status as the oldest college or university in South Carolina, founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, the College of Charleston (C of C) is the 13th oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first municipal college in the country. Its founders include three signers of the United States Declaration of Independence and three signers of the United States Constitution. The College's historic campus, which is listed on the U.S. Department of the Interior's National Register of Historic Places, forms an integral part of Charleston's colonial-era urban center. According to the Princeton Review, College of Charleston is one of the nation's best institutions for undergraduate education and U.S. News and World Report regularly ranks it among the best masters level universities in the South. The College presently enrolls approximately 10,000 undergraduates and 2,000 graduate students.
The University of South Carolina is a public, co-educational, research university located in Columbia. In 1957, the University expanded its reach through the University of South Carolina System and rapidly became the state's preeminent and most popular institution of higher education, a status it retains to this day.
Furman University is a private, coeducational, non-sectarian, liberal arts university in Greenville, South Carolina. Founded in 1826, Furman enrolls approximately 2,600 undergraduate and 500 graduate students. Furman is the oldest, largest and one of the most selective private institutions in South Carolina.
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, is a state-supported, comprehensive college located in Charleston, South Carolina. Founded in 1842, the college is best known for its undergraduate Corps of Cadets military program for men and women, which combines academics, physical challenges and military discipline. The Citadel enrolls almost 2,000 undergraduate cadets in its residential military program and 1,200 civilian students in the evening programs.
Presbyterian College is a private liberal arts college in Clinton, South Carolina. Founded in 1860 Presbyterian College (PC) is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church USA, and enrolls around 1300 undergraduate students.
Winthrop University started as the Winthrop Training School for girls in 1886, to fill the need for teacher training as the state struggled to expand the public school system in the aftermath of the Civil War. Today, nearly 6,500 coed students take courses in arts and sciences, education, business administration and visual and performing arts.
Founded as the Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina in 1889, Clemson University is now a public, coeducational, land-grant research university located in Clemson, South Carolina. The University currently enrolls more than 17,000 students from all 50 states and from more than 70 countries.
Until the late nineteenth century, well-to-do South Carolinians generally hired tutors to instruct their children or sent them to private academies. Still wealthier residents often sent their children abroad to be educated. During the same period, ministers, missionaries, and traveling schoolmasters played major roles in the spread of education among the less privileged classes, especially in rural areas. In 1710 and 1712 the colonial assembly passed laws providing for the education of a few needy pupils at public expense. Educational aid for the poor was also provided by a number of charitable groups. South Carolina’s first school for blacks was opened in 1740. Laws providing for an extensive program of public education were passed in 1811, but the schools that were subsequently established received inadequate support and were attended only by the needy. Attempts at public education ceased during the Civil War.
In 1868 the constitution drawn up by the state’s Reconstruction government provided for an excellent educational system. Little was done to put the system into effect until 1876. The constitution of 1895 provided more generous financial support but also legalized separate education for whites and blacks, a system already practiced. Thereafter schools gradually improved, but the bulk of the funds were spent on the white schools.
Advances made in the 20th century include direct state financing and supervision of local schools; consolidation of rural school districts; and programs to abolish illiteracy and educate adults. Compulsory school attendance was first introduced in 1937. It was abolished in 1955 to avert the prospect of racial integration in the schools but was reinstituted in 1967. Despite the 1954 ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional, and even though the Summerton School District (now known as the Clarendon County School District) was one of the systems incorporated into the Supreme Court decision, South Carolina did not begin to desegregate its schools until 1963.
According to a survey of recent studies conducted by the University of South Carolina's Institute for Public Service and Policy Research South Carolina ranks at or near the bottom of the United States in terms of secondary school graduation rates.A similar story plays out with SAT scores (985 average for South Carolina vs. 1,021 for the nation). The flip side of that statistic is that South Carolina's average SAT score has risen 38 points in the past five years - the largest improvement in the nation.
Sports in South Carolina
- South Carolina has no major professional franchise in any sport. The NFL's Carolina Panthers (based in Charlotte, North Carolina) represents both Carolinas and played their first season in Clemson, South Carolina, and the team's training camp takes place every year at Wofford College in Spartanburg. College sports in particular are very big in South Carolina. Clemson University's Tigers and the University of South Carolina's Gamecocks regularly draw more than 80,000 spectators at the schools' home football games. South Carolina does have several minor league professional teams that play baseball, and hockey.
- NASCAR racing was born in the South, and South Carolina has in the past hosted some very important NASCAR races, mainly at the Darlington Raceway. Darlington Raceway still has one NASCAR race weekend, usually Mother's Day weekend.
- South Carolina is known as a golfing paradise. Myrtle Beach/Grand Strand has more than a hundred golf courses, more public golf courses per capita than any other place in the country. Hilton Head & Kiawah Island have several golf courses and host professional events every year. The upstate of South Carolina also has private courses including the Cliff's courses and Cross Creek Plantation (the Cliff's courses host the annual BMW PRO/AM that brings many celebrities and professionals to South Carolina. Cross Creek Plantation located in Seneca, also private, hosted a PGA Qualifier in the 1990's). In 2007, "The Ocean Course" On Kiawah Island was ranked #1 in Golf Digest Magazine's "America's 50 Toughest Golf Courses" and #38 on their "America's 100 Greatest Golf Courses".
- Watersports are also a popular activity in South Carolina. With a large coast line, South Carolina has many different beach activities such as surfing, boogie boarding, deep sea fishing, and shrimping. The Pee Dee region of the state offers exceptional fishing. Some of the largest catfish ever caught were caught in the Santee Lakes. The Upstate of South Carolina and The Midlands region also offers water-based recreation.
- While there are no race tracks with betting in South Carolina there is significant horse training activity, particularly in Aiken and Camden, which hold steeplechase races.
|State Mottos:||Dum spiro spero |
(While I breathe, I hope)
and Animis opibusque parati
(Ready in soul and resource)
|State Songs:||"Carolina" and |
"South Carolina On My Mind"
|State Tree:||Sabal palmetto|
|State Flower:||Yellow Jessamine|
|State Bird:||Carolina Wren|
|State Wild Game Bird:||Wild Turkey|
|State Dog:||Boykin Spaniel|
|State Animal:||White-tailed Deer|
|State Reptile:||Loggerhead Sea Turtle|
|State Amphibian:||Spotted Salamander|
|State Fish:||Striped Bass|
|State Insect:||Carolina Mantid|
|State Butterfly:||Eastern tiger swallowtail|
|State Stone:||Blue Granite|
|State Popular Music:||Beach Music|
|State Snack:||Boiled peanuts|
|State Craft:||Sweetgrass Basket weaving|
Musicians hailing from South Carolina:
- Bill Anderson, born in Columbia; an American country music singer and songwriter
- James Brown (born in Barnwell, The "Godfather of Soul," legendary singer and member of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
- Chubby Checker, singer, born Ernest Evans in Spring Gulley.
- Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993), considered by some to be the greatest jazz trumpeter of all time, was born in Cheraw.
- Eartha Kitt (1927- ), actress and singer, one of only a handful of performers to be nominated twice for both a Tony Award and Grammy Award, as well as for an Emmy Award. She hails from North, South Carolina.
- Mary McLeod Bethune (1875–1955), American educator, b. Mayesville, S.C. founder of Bethune-Cookman College, the National Council of Negro Women (1935) and was director (1936–44) of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration. In addition, she served as special adviser on minority affairs to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
- Althea Gibson (1927-2003), the first black female player to win the Wimbledon singles tennis title, was born in Silver.
- Charlotta Bass (born in Sumter), a newspaper publisher in Los Angeles, California, and the first African-American woman on a Presidential campaign ticket in 1952
- Dr. Ronald McNair (1950 – 1986), born in Lake City; one of the seven astronauts to die when the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after take-off from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on January 28, 1986.
- Jesse Jackson, famous political and social figure, originally from Greenville.
- Marian Wright Edelman (from Bennettsville), the founder and President of the Children's Defense Fund and the first Black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar.
- Larry Doby, only the second African-American baseball player to play in the Major Leagues, born in Camden.
- Ben Bernanke (1953—), Dillon. On October 24, 2005, President George W. Bush nominated Bernanke to succeed Alan Greenspan as Chairman of the Federal Reserve.
- Bernard Baruch, (1870–1965), U.S. financier and government adviser, b. Camden. He became wealthy through stockmarket speculation before he was 30. In World War I he advised on national defense and was (1918–19) chairman of the War Industries Board; he helped frame the economic provisions of the Versailles Treaty (1919). In World War II he became (1942) special adviser to James F. Byrnes and wrote the report (1943) on postwar conversion.
- Strom Thurmond (1902 – 2003), born in Edgefield in 1902. South Carolina governor from 1947 – 1951, and in 1954 became the first and only United States Senator elected by a write-in vote. In 1997, Senator Thurmond became the oldest and longest serving member of the U.S. Senate. In January 2003, at age 100, Thurmond retired from public service after his eighth term. He returned to his hometown where he died June 26, 2003.
- James F. Byrnes (May 2, 1879 – April 9, 1972), born in Charleston, Secretary of State under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, also served as Governor of South Carolina and as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Time Magazine's Person of the Year 1947.
- Burnet Maybank, Prestigious and prominent politician and businessman; Charleston alderman 1927-31, mayor 1931-38, governor 1939-1941, and US senator 1941-54; never lost an election, made his money in cotton exporting; at one point was named one of the 20 most influential men in America by Fortune Magazine.
- William Westmoreland—(born Spartanburg County, March 26, 1914 – July 18, 2005) was at one point commander of all United States ground forces in Vietnam and was also Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
- John C. Calhoun (1782 – 1850), born near Abbeville, a statesman and political philosopher. From 1811 until his death, Calhoun served in the federal government successively as congressman, secretary of war, vice president, senator, secretary of state and again as senator.
- Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), President of the United States; born near Lancaster but emigrated to Tennessee as an adult. He was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans and 7th President, from 1829 to 1837.
- Francis Marion (1732-1795), also known as the "Swamp Fox," was a Brigadier General in the American Revolutionary War. The main character in the movie The Patriot is based largely on his exploits. Marion was born in Georgetown.
- Stephen Colbert, host of The Colbert Report on Comedy Central since 2005; previously a correspondent for Comedy Central's The Daily Show. A native of Charleston, he attended Porter Gaud School.
- Leeza Gibbons of Entertainment Tonight and other Hollywood news shows grew up in Irmo, a suburb of Columbia.
- Chris Rock (born February 7, 1965), an American stand-up comedian and actor born in Andrews.
- Vanna White, "Wheel of Fortune" game show hostess since 1982, hails from North Myrtle Beach
- Pat Conroy, novelist, grew up in Beaufort, attended The Citadel in Charleston. He taught school in Beaufort and on remote Daufuskie Island, near Hilton Head. All his novels have been set in the South Carolina Lowcountry.
- James Oliver Rigney, Jr. (October 17, 1948 - September 16, 2007)), best known as the author of the bestselling The Wheel of Time fantasy series under the pen name Robert Jordan. Rigney was born in Charleston and holds an undergraduate degree in physics from The Citadel
- 'Shoeless' Joe Jackson (1887 – 1951). Considered to be one of the most outstanding hitters in the history of baseball, his career .356 batting average is the third highest in history, after Ty Cobb and Rogers Hornsby. He was born in Greenville.
- Alex English, basketball player, member of the Basketball Hall of Fame.
- Joe Frazier, 1964 Olympic heavyweight boxing champion and the world heavyweight champ 1970-73; fought Muhammad Ali for the heavyweight title three times. Frazier was born in Beaufort on January 12, 1944.
- David Gaillard, engineer of the central portion of the Panama Canal, after which the main cut is named; born in Manning.
- Kerry Mullis, born in Lenoir, North Carolina, and grew up in Columbia, South Carolina; received Nobel Prize for DNA amplification research.
- Charles Townes (1915-), physicist and astronomer from Greenville; winner of the 1964 Nobel Prize for Physics for his contributions to the invention of the laser and maser. He is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of California-Berkeley.
- John B. Watson psychologist, father of the Behaviorism movement.
- Jasper Johns, a 20th century painter, was raised (albeit born in a Georgia hospital) in Allendale.
- Blue Sky (1938-), internationally-recognized painter and sculptor, born in Columbia and has lived there for the majority of his life.
South Carolina singularities
- Strokes: South Carolina has the highest rate of stroke deaths in the nation.
- Black Water River: With the Edisto River, South Carolina has the longest completely undammed / unleveed blackwater river in North America.
- Outdoor Sculpture: South Carolina is home to the world's largest collection of outdoor sculpture located at Brookgreen Gardens.
- Landscaped Gardens: South Carolina is home to the oldest landscaped gardens in the United States, at Middleton Place near Charleston.
- Public Museum: The first public museum in the Americas was the Charleston Museum, founded in 1773.
- Opera: The first opera performed in the Americas was performed in Charleston on February 18, 1735.
- Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified. United States Census Bureau (2000).
- Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division (December 2011).
- Elevations and Distances in the United States. United States Geological Survey (2001). Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- South Carolina - History City-data.com. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- A Brief History of South Carolina Statelibrary.sc.gov. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- W.E.B. Du Bois. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880. (New York: , Free Press edition, 1998), 598
- South Carolina Encarta.msn. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- South Carolina - History City-data.com. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- Population and Population Centers by State: 2000. Census.gov.
- Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Kkbe.org. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- The Black Belt South: Germany in the World Economy Ibiblio.org. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- South Carolina's Ports Clearendoncountyusa.com. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- The 'American Autobahn' Wardsautoworld.com. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- Japan in South Carolina Atlanta.us.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- South Carolina Ports Post Record Fiscal Year Port-of-charleston.com. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- Video Poker Outlawed In South Carolina Casionogambling.about.com. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- Sales and Use Tax Rates by County Sctax.org. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- South Carolina Encarta.msn. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- Richard Young. "The High School Crisis in the United States and South Carolina: The Problems Related to Dropouts and Recommended Solutions." University of South Carolina College Arts and Sciences’ Institute for Public Service and Policy Research, May 2005, . Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- Myrtle Beach Golf. Igovacation.com. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- GolfDigest.com - America's 50 Toughest Golf Courses Golfdigest.com. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- GolfDigest.com - America's 100 Greatest Golf Courses Golfdigest.com. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- South Carolina, State of (1984), S.C. Code of Laws, SECTION 1-1-680. Official State fruit. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- South Carolina, State of (1984), S.C. Code of Laws, SECTION 1-1-690. Official State beverage. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- South Carolina, State of (1995), S.C. Code of Laws, SECTION 1-1-692. Official State hospitality beverage. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- South Carolina, State of (2006), S.C. Code of Laws, SECTION 1-1-682. Official state snack food. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- SC Department of Health and Environmental Control Scdhec.net. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- Canoe South Carolina Canoesc.com. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- Brookgreen Gardens Brookgreen.org. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- Middleton Place Middletonplace.org. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- Charleston Museum Charlestonmuseum.org. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
- Historical Information Statelibrary.sc.gov. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
Textbooks and surveys
- Bass, Jack. Porgy Comes Home: South Carolina After 300 Years. Sandlapper, 1970. OCLC 724061
- Edgar, Walter. South Carolina: A History. University of South Carolina Press, 1998. ISBN 1570032556
- Edgar, Walter, ed. The South Carolina Encyclopedia. University of South Carolina Press, 2006. ISBN 1570035982
- Rogers, George C., Jr. and C. James Taylor. A South Carolina Chronology, 1497-1992, 2nd Ed. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC, 1994. ISBN 0872499715
- Wallace, David Duncan. South Carolina: A Short History, 1520-1948. (1951) ISBN 0872490793
- WPA. South Carolina: A Guide to the Palmetto State. (1941) ASIN B000HM05WE
- Wright, Louis B. South Carolina: A Bicentennial History (1977) ISBN 0393055604
Scholarly secondary studies
- Bass, Jack, and Marilyn W. Thompson. Ol' Strom: An Unauthorized Biography of Strom Thurmond. Longstreet Press, 1998. ISBN 1563525232
- Busick, Sean R. A Sober Desire for History: William Gilmore Simms as Historian. 2005. ISBN 1570035652.
- Clarke, Erskine. Our Southern Zion: A History of Calvinism in the South Carolina Low Country, 1690-1990. 1996. ISBN 0585200394
- Channing, Steven. Crisis of Fear: Secession in South Carolina. New York: W.W. Norton, 1974. ISBN 0393007308
- Cohodas, Nadine. Strom Thurmond and the Politics of Southern Change. New York: Simon & Schuster,  1995. ISBN 0865544468
- Coit, Margaret L. John C. Calhoun: American Portrait. 1950.
- Crane, Verner W. The Southern Frontier, 1670-1732. 1956.
- Ford Jr., Lacy K. Origins of Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860. Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN 0195069617
- Hindus, Michael S. Prison and Plantation: Crime, Justice, and Authority in Massachusetts and South Carolina, 1767-1878. (Studies in Legal History) University of North Carolina Press, 1980. ISBN 0807814172
- Johnson Jr., George Lloyd. The Frontier in the Colonial South: South Carolina Backcountry, 1736-1800. Greenwood Press, 1997. ISBN 0313301794
- Jordan, Jr., Frank E. The Primary State - A History of the Democratic Party in South Carolina, 1876-1962. Columbia, SC: 1967
- Keyserling, Harriet. Against the Tide: One Woman's Political Struggle, new ed. University of South Carolina Press, 2004. ISBN 1570035415
- Kantrowitz, Stephen. Ben Tillman & the Reconstruction of White Supremacy. University of North Carolina Press, 2000. ISBN 0807848395
- Lau, Peter F. Democracy Rising: South Carolina And the Fight for Black Equality Since 1865. University Press of Kentucky, 2006. ISBN 0813123933
- Peirce, Neal R. The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven Deep South States. Norton, 1974. ISBN 0393054969
- Rogers, George C. Evolution of a Federalist: William Loughton Smith of Charleston (1758-1812). 1962.
- Schultz Harold S. Nationalism and Sectionalism in South Carolina, 1852-1860. 1950.
- Simon, Bryant. A Fabric of Defeat: The Politics of South Carolina Millhands, 1910-1948. University of North Carolina Press, 1998. ISBN 0807847046
- Simkins, Francis Butler. The Tillman Movement in South Carolina. (1926)
- Simkins, Francis Butler. Pitchfork Ben Tillman: South Carolinian. (1944)
- Simkins, Francis Butler, and Robert Hilliard Woody. South Carolina during Reconstruction. (1932).
- Sinha, Manisha. The Counterrevolution of Slavery: Politics and Ideology in Antebellum South Carolina. University of North Carolina Press, 2000. ISBN 0807848840
- Smith, Warren B. White Servitude in Colonial South Carolina. (1961)
- Tullos, Allen Habits of Industry: White Culture and the Transformation of the Carolina Piedmont. Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1989. ISBN 0807842478
- Williamson Joel R. After Slavery: The Negro in South Carolina during Reconstruction, 1861-1877. 1965.
- Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 Through the Stono Rebellion. New York: W.W. Norton, 1996. ISBN 0393314820
- Bass, Jack and Jack Nelson. The Orangeburg Massacre. Mercer University Press,  1999. ISBN 0865545529
- Burton, Orville Vernon. In My Father's House Are Many Mansions: Family and Community in Edgefield, South Carolina. Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1987. ISBN 0807841838 social history
- Carlton, David L. Mill and Town in South Carolina, 1880-1920. (1982)
- Clarke, Erskine. Dwelling Place: A Plantation Epic. Yale University Press, 2007. ISBN 030012256X
- Danielson, Michael N. Profits and Politics in Paradise: The Development of Hilton Head Island. University of South Carolina Press, 1995. ISBN 1570030391
- Doyle, Don H. New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, Nashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860-1910. 1990.
- Huff, Jr., Archie Vernon. Greenville: The History of the City and County in the South Carolina Piedmont. University of South Carolina Press, 1995.
- Moore, John Hammond. Columbia and Richland County: A South Carolina Community, 1740-1990. University of South Carolina Press, 1993.
- Moredock, Will. Banana Republic: A Year in the Heart of Myrtle Beach. Frontline Press, 2003.
- Pease, William H. and Jane H. Pease. The Web of Progress: Private Values and Public Styles in Boston and Charleston, 1828-1843. 1985.
- Robertson, Ben. Red Hills and Cotton. USC Press (reprint), 1991.
- Rose, Willie Lee. Rehearsal for Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment. (1964)
- Carter, Luther F. and David Mann, eds. Government in the Palmetto State: Toward the 21st century. University of South Carolina, 1993. ISBN 0917069013
- Graham, Cole Blease and William V. Moore. South Carolina Politics and Government. Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1994. ISBN 0803270437
- Tyer, Charlie, ed. South Carolina Government: An Introduction.. USC Institute for Public Affairs, 2002. ISBN 0917069129
- Salley, Alexander S., ed. Narratives of Early Carolina, 1650-1708.  Facsimile reprint of 1911 ed. Adamant Media Corporation, 2001. ISBN 1402195907
- Woodmason Charles. The Carolina Backcountry on the Eve of the Revolution, Edited by Richard J. Hooker. (1953) University of North Carolina Press, 1969, a missionary reports ISBN 0807840351
All links retrieved February 4, 2023.
- State of South Carolina government website. Sc.gov.
- Discover South Carolina. Discoversouthcarolina.com.
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of South Carolina. Usgs.gov.
- South Carolina Maps. South-carolina-map.org.
- South Carolina – African Americans – 1900 to Present Sciway.net.
|State of South Carolina|
|Regions||Atlantic Coastal Plain |
Blue Ridge Mountains | Grand Strand | Lake Murray Country | The Lowcountry | Metrolina | The Midlands | Olde English District | Old 96 District | Pee Dee | Piedmont | Sandhills | Sea Islands | The Upstate
|Larger Cities||Charleston |
Columbia | Florence | Greenville | Myrtle Beach | Mount Pleasant | North Charleston | Rock Hill | Spartanburg | Sumter |
Cayce | Easley | Hilton Head Island | Isle of Palms | Forest Acres | Gaffney | Lexington | Mauldin | North Augusta | North Myrtle Beach | Orangeburg | Simpsonville | Summerville | West Columbia | York
Fort Mill | Fountain Inn | Greer | Irmo | Moncks Corner | Mount Pleasant | Newberry |
Carolina Forest | Dentsville | Gantt | Ladson | Parker | Red Hill | Saint Andrews | Seven Oaks | Socastee | Taylors | Wade Hampton
Aiken | Allendale | Anderson | Bamberg | Barnwell | Beaufort | Berkeley | Calhoun | Charleston | Cherokee | Chester | Chesterfield | Clarendon | Colleton | Darlington | Dillon | Dorchester | Edgefield | Fairfield | Florence | Georgetown | Greenville | Greenwood | Hampton | Horry | Jasper | Kershaw | Lancaster | Laurens | Lee | Lexington | Marion | Marlboro | McCormick | Newberry | Oconee | Orangeburg | Pickens | Richland | Saluda | Spartanburg | Sumter | Union | Williamsburg | York
Famous People | Governors | Legislature | State House | Congressional Districts | Census Areas | State Parks | Rivers | Wildlife Refuges | Historic Places | Amusement Parks | Colleges and Universities | Sports Venues | Shopping Malls | TV Stations | Radio Stations | Highways | Airports
|Political divisions of the United States|
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domain: history


text:
In the Book Notes series, authors create and discuss a music playlist that relates in some way to their recently published book.
Ashleigh Bell Pedersen’s debut novel The Crocodile Bride is an enveloping and thrilling coming-of-age story.
Booklist wrote of the book:
“Pedersen’s expert character development and winding plot are aided by short, clipped chapters that bounce back and forth in time, showing the differing perspectives of women in Sunshine’s family. Pedersen skillfully crafts a slow burn of a novel that eventually opens up to expose generations of family secrets, and more importantly, the value of unearthing truth.”
Southern imagery has long inspired my creative life. As a kid, creativity wasn’t so much about concrete forms of expression so much as it was simply getting lost in my own imagination. Floating on a raft in the ocean off the coast of South Carolina, I imagined I was a shipwreck victim barely clinging to life (to be honest, I still do this*). Climbing a pine tree in the woods in Virginia, I pretended the tree was my home and the collections of rocks and leaves that I lined up on the branches were bits of foraged food (I also still climb trees, when the moment presents).
I have always connected with books from the South. Carson McCullers’ The Heart is a Lonely Hunter will forever haunt me (was there ever a more gut wrenching ending to a novel? Have you ever loved any character more than Mick Kelly?). Each spring season, when the gray of an overcast sky contrasts with the bright green of new grass and unfolding leaves, I revisit the final section from The Sound and the Fury, in which Dilsey steps outside to the “day dawn[ing] bleak and chill,” the nearby “fledged” leaves quivering on the mulberry tree. My own novel, The Crocodile Bride, is set in the Deep South—specifically, in the fictional village of Fingertip, Louisiana. Fingertip is a community of outsiders, transplants from all over the country, and so my research for this novel focused not on the rich and longstanding cultures within Louisiana (about which I felt I would need an entire lifetime to begin to understand, much less write about), but on the atmosphere of my imaginary Fingertip.
This playlist, “For Sunshine”—dedicated to the eleven-year-old protagonist of my novel, Sunshine Turner—attempts to create something of that atmosphere. Many of its songs are ones I know and love already, but I also had an unwitting co-creator in actress and all around wonderful human Gail Shalan, who reads the audiobook version of The Crocodile Bride and with whom I struck up a friendship upon learning we both live in Brooklyn. Gail created her own “Croc Bride” playlist to help her drop into the mood of the book as she recorded its audio. After she kindly sent it to me, I borrowed some of those songs. I’m especially grateful she introduced me to Allen Toussaint’s moody “Southern Nights,” which makes me feel I’ve been transported through time and space to the red dirt Only Road in Fingertip.
I hope you discover your own reasons for connecting with these songs, and I hope this playlist provides you with just the right atmosphere at the moment when you most need it—whether you’re listening from inside a cabin during a snowstorm in Minnesota, in a New York City apartment with traffic blaring out the window (as I am while writing this introduction), or on a porch in the middle of a sweltering Louisiana summer.
*I am thirty-nine.
“Southern Nights” by Allen Toussaint
I’m in love with this bluesy jazz piano piece, which captures something of the lush, lazy “June mood” nights that Sunshine loves. The song comes from the album American Nights—the last Toussaint recorded before he died, which adds to the poignancy of an already brilliant, emotive song.
“Motherless Children” by Lucinda Williams
Oof. This song reminds me of our motherless Sunshine Turner, yes, but it’s Lucinda Williams’ title that especially gets me: “Motherless Children.” It’s rhythmic and evocative, its poignancy apparent before we even get to the melody or other lyrics.
“Buckets of Rain” by Bob Dylan
Early in the novel, the troubled Billy Turner pulls up to the yellow house in his pick-up truck and Sunshine hears “Tangled Up in Blue” playing from the truck’s open windows. That song didn’t feel quite right for the vibe of this playlist, however, so I chose “Buckets of Rain” instead. (I confess this is a longtime favorite of mine after a good friend in Austin, Texas put it on a mix CD for me back when mix CDs were still a thing.)
“Dream A Little Dream of Me” by Louis Armstrong
I have always loved this song, but Louis Armstrong’s version in particular felt right for “For Sunshine.” Armstrong’s heartbreaker of a voice captures a unique mix of nostalgia and romance. I learned from this informative NPR piece that the song was written during the Great Depression—which makes me think with fondness of Sunshine’s grandmother, Catherine Turner.
“There Goes that Song Again” by Kay Kyser & His Orchestra
I know of Kay Kyser—an actor, radio personality, and big band leader—because his granddaughter happens to be one of my longstanding close friends. On this track, the actress and model Georgia Carroll—Kay Kyser’s wife and my friend’s grandmother—sings the sultry vocals. (This tenuous connection to old Hollywood glamor never fails to delight me, a longtime lover of old movies and music.) In my novel, big band leaders like Kay Kyser and Glenn Miller play a role in creating atmosphere for the Turner family—sometimes in ways that divide, or bond, or a strange mix of both.
“On Heaven’s Bright Shore” by Alison Krauss & Union Station
I have always loved this song, which feels like something written during the Great Depression but was in fact debuted on Alison Krauss & Union Station’s 1989 album, Two Highways. While this song is hopeful, I think there’s an implied darker edge: in hoping for this promised land, we hope to transcend the starker reality of our lives.
“Water Boy” by Don Shirley Trio
I played the stand-up bass all throughout middle and high school, and while I was never really all that great at it, I love a good bass line. Knowing this about me, a good friend’s music-loving mom introduced me to “Water Boy.” And like “Southern Nights,” this song creates something of that Deep South, bluesy summer atmosphere—but with a bit of an edge. I love the way it plays with dynamics, tempo, and melodic disruptions.
“Matchbox Blues” by Lead Belly
Discovering Lead Belly’s music was a fun aspect of writing this novel. I’m not sure which I enjoy saying more: “Lead Belly” (the musician’s stage name) or “Huddie William Ledbetter” (his actual name). I learned from a musician friend, and then a rabbit hole of internet research, that Lead Belly was known for his skill with the twelve-string guitar—which, to someone who can barely play a single chord on a six-string guitar, blows my mind. “Matchbox Blues” was originally written by Blind Lemon Jefferson (another incredible stage name!), but since we know Billy Turner plays Lead Belly in the yellow house on Only Road, I’ve included his recording on this playlist.
“Louisiana Man” by Lucinda Williams
Lucinda Williams is from Lake Charles, Louisiana, which I passed through on my drive from Austin, Texas during a research trip to Breaux Bridge (specifically, I was taking note of the land and animals, drawing information and inspiration for Fingertip and the nearby woods). I listened to Williams a lot on that trip and this song in particular. My feeling was that in some strange way, she helped usher me closer to my characters and their world.
“Come On In My Kitchen” by Robert Johnson
As with Lead Belly, Robert Johnson is among the many aspects of Sunshine’s father’s world that have seeped into her own. I like the mention of the kitchen and of rain here; it reminds me of the yellow house, and the scenes that unfold (some comic, some tragic) in the little kitchen with its stained linoleum. The tone and pacing of “Come On In My Kitchen” feels somehow resigned and longing at once—like pining for lost love from the darkness of a dive bar.
“You Are My Sunshine” by Johnny Cash”
Is there anything more touching than the gruff-voiced Johnny Cash singing such a tender tune? (I feel the same about his duet of “Girl from the North Country” with Bob Dylan.) Also, something weird and joyful happens in the course of spending years on a novel: the characters, at some point, begin to feel like real people. It’s difficult for me to listen to this song without thinking about Sunshine Turner and the losses in her life. As I write this, and listen to Johnny Cash’s voice, and think about the very real Sunshine Turner, I’m crying…but don’t mind me!
Ashleigh Bell Pedersen’s fiction has been featured in New Stories from the South, The Kenyon Review, The Iowa Review, Design Observer, The Silent History, A Strange Object, and the New York Public Library’s Library Simplified app. Her story “Small and Heavy World” was a finalist for both Best American Short Stories and a Pushcart Prize, and her story Crocodile won The Masters Review 2020 Flash Fiction Contest. She holds an MFA in Creative Writing from the University of Pittsburgh, where she was the recipient of a teaching fellowship and Turow-Kinder Award. She currently resides in Austin, Texas.

domain: artistic


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Holiday detector, high-voltage is an instrument that uses high voltage (greater than 800 volts) electricity to discover discontinuities in thicker non-conducting or insulating film (between 500 microns (20 mils) and 25mm (1") thick) that is applied over conductive substrates. Insulators include some paints, varnishes and other coatings that are poor electrical conductors.
The voltage used is determined by the coating's type and thickness. A high-voltage holiday detector can be destructive because the high voltage pulses used to detect holidays can burn or destroy some of the thinly coated areas.
High Voltage Holiday Detector is also known as a spark tester because of the spark it gives off whenever a holiday or coating discontinuity is found.
High Voltage Holiday detector, is an instrument used to check for discontinuities in coatings thicker than 500 microns (20 mils). It typically consists of a power source, a ground wire, a probing electrode and an indicator. The indicator is a light or sound that is triggered when a holiday is detected.
There are two types of high voltage holiday detectors available.
The pulsating direct current or the continuous direct current. The pulsating direct current holiday detector is the most commonly used type.
A pulsed direct current holiday detector discharges an adjustable and regulated 'pulsed' or “cycling type” of high voltage. It is suitable for use in dirty, damp, contaminated or slightly conductive coating surfaces.
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1991 Pontiac Bonneville Questions
Unanswered 1991 Pontiac Bonneville Questions
Ask a Question
i replaced the cam sensor, the O2sensor and the maf sensor and the meter. when i put the wiring back into the maf it stalled out and acted like it was going to die. i unplugged it again and it ran great. is there a...
Can anyone help me with finding the keyless module for the auto. I need to program a new key fob and can't find it. It would help too if I knew what it looks like? Thank you, Janet
code 41 Ive replaced the cam sensor and checked for continuity in wires still have check engine light on same code after trying to reset it
Diagnostic code 41 have replaced the cam sensor engine runs with out the sensor wire connected yet when connected check engine light remains on Removed battery connections to reset to no avail must be magnet ne...


The BlackBerry Q10 phone has a 3.1-inch (720x720) Super AMOLED screen, a 8MP main camera and a 2MP selfie camera. The battery capacity is 2100 mAh and the main processor is a Snapdragon S4 (LTE version)/ TI OMAP 4470 (Non-LTE) with 2 GB of RAM.
|Product||BlackBerry Q10 (Launched 2013-01-01)|
|Display||3.1" 720x720 Super AMOLED|
|Sharpness (PPI)||328 PPI|
|Color Depth||24 bit (16,777,216 Colors)|
|Battery Capacity (mAh)||2100 mAh|
|Talk Time||10 hours|
|Processor Name||Snapdragon S4 (LTE version)/ TI OMAP 4470 (Non-LTE)|
|Processor # Cores||2|
|Main Processor Frequency (GHz)||1.5 GHz|
|Internal Storage Options||16GB|
|Memory Card Type||MicroSD|
|Mem. Card Max. Size||64GB|
|Operating System + Version||BlackBerry OS 10, upgradable to v 10.3.1|
|Bluetooth Version||Bluetooth 4.0|
|Connector Type||Micro USB|
|SAR US Head||1.16 W/Kg|
|SAR US Body||0.75 W/Kg|
|SAR EU Head||1.41 W/Kg|
|SAR EU Body||0.78 W/Kg|
|Sim Card 0|
|SIM Type||Micro SIM|
BlackBerry Q10 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
No. Our information shows that the BlackBerry Q10 is NOT water-proof an has no IP-Rating rating.
No, the BlackBerry Q10 does not have dual-SIMs according to our data, but things could be different in Asian markets. We mostly track USA data.
No, the BlackBerry Q10 resolution of (720x720) is not defined as 4K.
No, BlackBerry Q10 does not support Wireless Charging.
No, the BlackBerry Q10 does not feature Qi Wireless Charging.
No, the BlackBerry Q10 is not a 4G-LTE handset.
No, the BlackBerry Q10 does not work on 5G networks.
No, the BlackBerry Q10 does not have a USB C port.
No, the BlackBerry Q10 does not have a removable battery.


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I've probably mentioned this on the blog a thousand times, but at the center of my history obsession is a deep passion for studying the Holocaust, which I've had since I was about eight years old. At that young age, I was introduced to Anne Frank's diary and a wide range of other books being published at the time to try and connect children with this difficult topic through the stories of real children. I've continued the reading and studying until now, and have just begun one of the most well-known history courses at uOttawa, The Holocaust with Dr. Jan Grabowski. I should warn you now that things may seem a bit darker now that I'll be dealing with this period more regularly, but they are stories that I think everyone can connect with in some way.
On the very first day, Dr. Grabowski introduced us with the story of a man which has been in the back of my mind ever since, and I thought I would share it with readers today. It is of Emmanuel Ringelblum, a true hero both of history and for history.
|Emanuel Ringelblum with his wife Yehudit and their son Uri|
In November of 1938 the Committee sent him to the border town of Zbaszyn, where he was put in charge of 6,000 Jewish refugees who were forced out of Germany and not allowed into Poland. After five weeks in this role, his experiences had a great impact on him.
Following Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, Ringelblum continued working for the JDC, running soup kitchens and welfare programs for the Jews of the Warsaw ghetto. He and his friend Menahem Linder also founded a society for the advancement of Yiddish culture in the ghetto.
In 1923, several Jewish historians in Poland formed a historical society, of which Ringelblum was also a leader and prominent contributing scholar. He edited the society's publications, and by 1939 had himself published 126 scholarly articles.
Seeing the ways in which Jewish culture was slowly being destroyed in the ghetto and across Poland prompted him to begin his greatest achievement only a few months into the war: the secret Oneg Shabbat Archive. The name means "Sabbath Pleasure," and reflected how its members met in secret on Saturday afternoons. In the beginning, the archive would collect reports and stories from Jews who had come to the ghetto seeking help from the self aid organizations.
All of the Oneg Shabbat materials were preserved in three milk cans and buried beneath the Warsaw ghetto. In March 1943, Ringelblum and his family escaped from the ghetto and went into hiding in a non-Jewish part of Warsaw. He returned to the ghetto in the midst of its infamous uprising and was deported to the Trawniki labor camp, but escaped with the help of a Polish man and Jewish woman. He and his family went back into hiding, but their hideout was discovered in March 1944. Soon after, Ringelblum, his family, and the other Jews he had been hiding were taken to the ruins of the ghetto and murdered.
One of the buried archival sites was discovered in 1946 and a second in 1950, and the other has yet to be found. The materials inside them and Ringelblum's own written chronicles constitute the most comprehensive and valuable source we have for information concerning the Jews in occupied Poland. It also speaks to a remarkable quality of human character that, when pushed to an extreme level of persecution and destruction of identity, showed resilience and resourcefulness in the face of the enemy and has endured long after the last blow has been struck.
Ringelblum's archive is one of those stories that seems to speak directly from historian to historian, regardless of time and language. This penchant for collecting, writing, and publishing can have so much power and profound significance, and Emmanuel Ringelblum remains a true hero and inspiration for those who follow him in this field.
Information courtesy of Yad Vashem and Dr. Jan Grabowski.
Thanks for reading,


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By Nicole Stopper, Executive Director, Williamsport Family Medical Center, one of Pinnacle’s 13 outpatient opioid treatment programs in Pennsylvania
Today there are many different treatment options when it comes to a substance use disorder (SUD), which is also commonly referred to as drug addiction. From specialized addiction treatment centers and programs to medications to help an individual detox safely as well as medications to help reduce cravings and prevent relapse, treatment for addiction has come a long way.
One of the most commonly used medications in recovery from addiction to opioids, both prescription opioids like hydrocodone, oxymorphone, morphine, codeine, and fentanyl, and illicit opioids like heroin, is methadone.
Methadone, along with a commitment to recovery, evidence-based behavioral therapy, and a strong support system, improves the odds of an individual experiencing long-term recovery from addiction to opioids.
Methadone is a synthetic, analgesic drug used for the treatment of pain as well as to treat narcotic drug addiction. It is similar to morphine with longer-lasting effects. Common brands are Diskets, Methadone Intensol, Methadose, and Dolophine. A prescription is required to obtain methadone.
Why is Methadone Used in Addiction Treatment?
Drug addiction and the process to stop using drugs are ongoing. The first step is to stop the use of the drug whether it be an opioid, alcohol, cocaine, meth, or any other substance. But stopping use is just the beginning. Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease and just like other chronic diseases such as asthma, diabetes, or arthritis, there isn’t a cure. However, with daily maintenance, addiction can be managed and anyone who has a drug addiction can live happy, abundant lives free from the devastating cycle of a substance use disorder.
The first step in reclaiming one’s life is stopping the use of the drug or drugs. Often medications can be helpful in this stage. Medications, like methadone, help in this process. The effects of methadone can help with uncomfortable, often debilitating withdrawal symptoms, support an individual staying in treatment, and also help to prevent relapse.
Discontinuing narcotic drug use such as the use of opioids can be difficult. From anxiety, sleeplessness, nausea, depression, and other issues, the body will crave using the drug again. Often these cravings are very challenging to overcome without the help of a medication such as methadone. Medications like methadone can help the body to adapt by slowing drug cravings and having a calming impact on the body.
What Are Side Effects of Taking Methadone?
Methadone as well as other medications like buprenorphine, naltrexone, and lofexidine, can be very effective in helping an individual with opioid dependence to overcome their addiction. However, as methadone is a narcotic, it can also be abused. This is why methadone is a highly regulated drug. For this reason, patients who are prescribed methadone as a maintenance drug have to go daily to clinics for their dosages.
If anyone uses methadone outside of how it is prescribed, it is considered to be abuse. In fact, methadone has become the drug of choice for some. When someone is taking methadone, one of the side effects is the blocking of the effects of heroin. However, methadone itself produces euphoric effects and for that reason, it is sometimes abused.
Other side effects of methadone include:
- Decreased attention span
- Slower reaction times
- Weakness of muscles
- Lowered blood pressure
- Dry mouth
- Reduced reaction to light
It’s important to understand that individuals who are utilizing methadone to help them with opioid addiction are more at risk to becoming addicted to methadone. Methadone is a powerful opioid with side effects of use. If methadone is being abused, there is also a risk of overdose.
If you or a loved one are prescribed methadone, it’s vital to use it as prescribed. If you think you or your loved one may be developing a problem, let your treatment team know.
Methadone can provide immeasurable help in recovery from an opioid addiction if used in conjunction with other recovery tools. Finding the right treatment center that knows how to successfully treat opioid addiction can make all the difference between relapse and long-term recovery. Pinnacle Treatment Centers knows what it takes to help you recover from opioid addiction. Contact us today. At Pinnacle, we save lives.
Headquartered in New Jersey, Pinnacle Treatment Centers is a recognized leader in comprehensive drug and alcohol addiction treatment serving more than 29,000 patients daily in California, Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. With more than 110 community-based locations, Pinnacle provides a full continuum of quality care for adult men and women which includes medically-monitored detoxification/withdrawal management, inpatient/residential treatment, partial hospitalization/care, sober living, intensive and general outpatient programming, and medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder.
Williamsport Family Medical Center
2062 Lycoming Creek Rd., Suite 8
Williamsport, PA 17701

domain: psychology


text:
Another day, another set of huge announcements from DC Comics. Not only will September bring Justice League Dark, a new team of supernatural heroes, but some familiar faces from both DC Comics and imprints like Vertigo and Wildstorm will return in all-new books, including Swamp Thing, Animal Man, Resurrection Man, The Demon, Frankenstein of Seven Soldiers, Lord Andrew Bennett of I... Vampire and Voodoo from WildC.A.T.S.
Check out all the creative teams and preview art below, and vote on which new series interests you the most.Swamp Thing will be wri
Every year San Diego Comic-Con fills toy collectors with a mix of euphoria and dread as beautiful exclusives are announced -- exclusives that seem to justify the insane line waits and competitive spirit needed to obtain them
DC Comics' popular Brightest Day series comes to an end this week with issue #24, and it is one that will be remembered for many years to come. The year-long story focusing on resurrected heroes from across the DC Universe, Brightest Day has already depicted the return of a wayward and beloved character, and the new issue continues that tradition with an appearance of..... SPOILER ALERT, obviously, so
In today's original comic by Curt Franklin and artist Chris Haley of the superhero webcomic "Let's Be Friends Again" -- we're going to do our best Wikipedia impression and explain the convoluted history of a notable comics character in a recurring segment we call Comics, Everybody! Today's test subject: Swamp Thing.
Here at ComicsAlliance, we value our readership and are always open to what the masses of Internet readers have to say. That's why we've given Senior Writer Chris Sims the punishment pleasure of stepping into the grand tradition of the Answer Man as he responds to your reader questions!
Q: Over the years, I learned a few things about you: You are THE Batman guy, every week something comes out that may be the best thing ever, and you have a special love for Herbie Popnecker, Punisher, Spider-Man, and Jack Staff. But besides the awesomeness that is Simonson's Thor run, is ther

domain: entertainment


text:
Cargo traffic at the country’s ports rose by more than a 10th last year, thanks to the strong performance of Philippine exports in 2016,
Data from the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) showed the country’s cargo volume increased by 12 percent to 249.567 million metric tons (MMT) in 2016, from 223.672 MMT the year prior.
PPA General Manager Jay Daniel R. Santiago attributed the growth to higher export cargoes, which now comprise 49 percent of the total cargo volume handled by the different ports nationwide.
It increased by 23 percent for the entire 2016 period, from 60.855 MMT to 74.822 MMT registered a year earlier.
Import volume, on the other hand, contributed 51 percent to the total, after posting a 4-percent increase to 76.781 MMT, from 73.765 MMT in 2015. “These are very encouraging figures, particularly the export data, which suggests that the sector is very healthy,” Santiago said.
Of the total cargo volume last year, foreign cargoes accounted for 151.604 MMT, or an increase of 12.62 percent versus the 134.620 MMT handled in 2015, while domestic cargoes contributed 97.963 MMT, from 89.051 MMT, or an improvement of 10 percent.
“Trade imbalance has been glaring the past couple of years in favor of imports, and in 2016 we saw that both sector is almost on equal footing,” Santiago said.
“Nonetheless, the PPA is committed to continue streamlining procedures in favor of the cargo owners in our bid to lure them to bring in and ship out more cargoes, this year,” he added.
Container volume, meanwhile, also posted positive figures, rising 12 percent to 6.574 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs), from 5.861 million TEUs handled in 2015.
Foreign containers grew by 14.11 percent to 3.973 million TEUs, while domestic boxes rose 9.28 percent to 2.6 million TEUs.
Total import boxes is at 2.005 million TEUs, while export containers is at 1.968 million TEUs, wherein both posted increases of 15.4 percent and 12.8 percent, respectively.
Among the ports that registered strong performance include the Manila International Container Terminal and the Manila South Harbor for international cargoes, North Harbor for domestic cargoes, as well as Cagayan de Oro, Davao and Iloilo.
Passenger traffic, on the other hand, increased by 8.51 percent to 68.101 million, owing primarily to increasing number of cruise-ship arrivals in the country.
Foreign passage volume went up by 8.678 percent to 33.221 million, while domestic passage traffic inches up by 8.34 percent to 34.879 million.
Santiago attributed the increase to the “government’s ecotourism programs encouraging leisure travel to tourist destinations, such as Boracay, Puerto Galera, Coron, El Nido, and other emerging tourism sites”.
A total of 430,451 vessels were serviced nationwide, which rose 35,356, or 8.95 percent, with both domestic and foreign ship calls posting growth of 8.60 percent and 22.08 percent, respectively.
“The improved vessel traffic was a result of increased number of trips of passenger vessels, as well as the increased shipment of prime commodities, like rice, cement, molasses, fertilizers and fuel, among others,” Santiago said.

domain: news


Fb Inc has launched a public attack against tech giant Apple Inc with a series of full-page newspaper ads. In the ads, Fb accuses Apple of jeopardizing the livelihoods of small businesses with changes to its phone application. These modifications center on data collection and targeted advertising, with Apple’s impending iOS 14 update slated to hinder Fb’s ability to collect and promote customer data.
The ads have been featured in prestigious newspapers such as the New York Examples, Wall Road Journal, and Washington Post. The headline boldly reads, “We stand as much as Apple stands in every single place for small businesses.”
Facebook concerned about Apple‘s new policy on iOS privacy labels and its effect on the targeted advertising market, which forms the social media giant’s key source of revenue.
To this impact, it has taken full-page newspaper advertising in the US to condemn Apple’s move to “limit businesses” in its ability to attract consumers efficiently. While arguing that Facebook stands up for small businesses, it has often used a pitch for some of its electronic ads. Influential papers such as The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, among others, ran through the full-page advertising.
Although stopping targeted advertising would also affect big companies. Facebook said that the change would be genuinely problematic for small businesses.
Apple substantiated the criticism and bold statements from Facebook and claimed that the update would not stop users from being monitored if they want to do so. The only thing changing is that before Apple would allow them to track and control their online activity, users would have to grant permission to Facebook or other apps expressly.
While Facebook proclaimed that it stood up for small businesses, Cupertino mentioned in its reply that it stood up for its users, which it said was a trivial issue. The iPhone manufacturer noted that when their data collected and exchanged with other applications and websites, users must be aware of it, and the option should stay in their hands.
Some Previous Backlash:
As seen by many mobile app development company & other organizations, Facebook is repeatedly under Apple’s fire for gathering large quantities of user knowledge. In this respect, Cupertino launched a software update earlier this year, iOS 14, which aims to prevent Facebook from monitoring user movements outside of Facebook-owned applications, i.e., without their permission, Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, and WhatsApp.
However, while Facebook worried about how this will affect its targeted advertising division. The social media giant is still moving against Apple and gathering vast amounts of info. In addition to the details that users provide to Facebook when signing up for their goods, making posts, sharing image locations or metadata, or using in-app cameras, Facebook also gathers data about users’ networks and interactions. It includes the individuals, websites, hashtags, accounts, and groups to which users connect and the people with which users communicate.
From The Apple’s Side:
Apple’s ‘App Tracking Transparency’ functionality in iOS 14 is at the core of the matter, which prevents companies such as Facebook from acquiring targeting data. It would require them to report it and request permission for clients to opt-in.
Apple has recently taken a strong stance in support of iOS app development company who use their devices. This comes as Facebook argues that without personalized ads, small businesses could see a steep decline in their sales by over 60% for every dollar spent. The social media giant frames Apple’s privacy policies as being detrimental to the interests of these businesses. This controversial move has been seen as harmful to the interests of every iOS app development company.
Tim Cook’s Tweet:
In November, Apple fought back, alleging Facebook of exhibiting a “disregard for user privacy.” The company defended its ad tracking improvements, referring to recent remarks by two of its top managers.
Apple recently said the move made its head of privacy, Jane Horvath, “because we share your concerns about users tracking without their consent and the bundling and reselling of information by advertising networks and data brokers.”
The offer has become straightforward: either you pay to have a service free with your data or pay extra for the same. Although it blatantly accuses Facebook, Apple is doing precisely because Apple is against the free internet. It offers users an option: whether or not you want a free service monitored online. Perhaps this Facebook and Apple war will be a guiding light for Web 3.0.
Looking for any more exciting knowledge or needing a partner for the creation of mobile apps? Discuss your deals with Zazz. Through designing personalized mobility solutions, we are leading in building new-age technology and design.Our team of committed individuals motivated by one constant pursuit-to create new ideas and achieve unprecedented outcomes. Let’s discuss as our strength lies in the broad suite of services we provide our customers with.


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In the past seven years, “An American in Paris” star Brandon Uranowitz has risen from a New York University graduate with a part-time job selling clothes at Barneys New York to Tony Award nominee. This Sunday, the 28-year-old will walk the Tonys red carpet in a Brunello Cucinelli tuxedo with a win for Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical within his reach – leagues away from clearing dressing rooms in the retailer’s SoHo Co-Op location.
Sweet in demeanor with a moppet of curly brown hair, Uranowitz began his acting career at the age of nine. The long road to success has made his Tony nomination that much more satisfying. “It feels like a surreal thing — one of those things you dream about as a kid for so long that it doesn’t feel like it can be a reality,” he says in an interview with WWD.
While “An American in Paris” is Uranowitz’s most visible role to date, his journey to the Tonys is paved with stage appearances. He was cast in the original company of “Ragtime” before entering high school. After a brief hiatus in his teens, he returned to the stage while enrolled in New York University’s drama program. It’s there that he caught the eye of an agent – his first as an adult – who led to bookings in the national farewell tour of “Rent,” as well as in productions of “Evita” and “Torch Song Trilogy.”
Theater has always been Uranowitz’s calling, but his love of fashion provided enough momentum, not to mention a paycheck, to carry him between roles. While auditioning after college, Uranowitz signed up for part-time work at Barneys, first as a fitting room attendant and later as a salesperson.
“I have always been fascinated by fashion. I never had any interest in waiting tables or bar-tending, so retail was sort of my best option,” he says.
The experience taught him “a really good lesson about being humble and grounded – I dealt with a lot of people who treated me as sub-human,” he says. It also left him with remnant off-kilter memories, like the day the store opened early for Katie Holmes to embark on an $8,000 shopping spree. “She was really sweet but really scary, she was in the thick of Tom Cruise-Scientology land. She bought a lot, though. I have to thank her for the really sweet paycheck that week,” he recalls.
After a year with the company, Uranowitz left Barneys in 2009 to understudy Anthony Rapp and perform in the ensemble of “Rent.” Upon his return, he booked roles in the short-lived production of “Baby, It’s You,” as well as small roles for various films and TV shows.
In 2013, Uranowitz kicked off his run as Adam Hochberg in Christopher Wheeldon’s “An American in Paris” adaptation, a casting that has carried him along for the ride on the show’s ascent to Broadway’s Palace Theatre. Before the Big White Way, there was a year’s worth of well-received investor workshops and a limited-engagement run at Paris’ Théâtre du Châtelet. The show, “a unique hybrid show for Broadway, in that it’s a musical told in the conventional musical-theater way, hybridized with ballet,” says Uranowitz, opened to raves in April.
“An American in Paris,” a George Gershwin musical, marks the Broadway debut for its director, Wheeldon (ballet’s most in-demand contemporary choreographer), as well as Uranowitz’s cast mate, lead actor Robbie Fairchild, best known for his exquisite work as a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet.
Fairchild, like Uranowitz, and their cast mates Leanne Cope and Max von Essen are all nominated for their respective work with the production, which received 12 nods, tying with “Fun Home” as the year’s most-nominated show.
Uranowitz found out about his nomination while visiting his parents in their native New Jersey. “I was sleeping and heard a scream from downstairs. They came up shaking and hysterically crying and said ‘you got nominated for a Tony,’” he says. “I was dead asleep and felt like I was legitimately dreaming it was all blurry and fuzzy.”
Uranowitz is contracted with the production for a full year, and says despite its repetition, his character role continues to deepen and develop over time. “I still find new things every night, which is the beauty and fun of live theater. It’s a living, breathing art form,” he says.
Still immersed in a grueling eight-shows-a-week schedule, Uranowitz has yet to experience the full breadth of opportunities that a Tony nomination can bring. However, the premise of being able to “walk into any audition for the rest of my life and say I’m a Tony nominee,” is not lost on him.
Come Sunday, he may be able to alter that distinction to “win.” Adamant about not preparing a speech, he says he is pleased to just sit back and see what unfolds.


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Silvan Boomless Nozzle Kit for 55L and 100L Redline
SKU: TR55-10 $189.00
BOOMLESS NOZ KIT SUIT TR55 AND TR100 TRAILER
Adapts a trailed Redline into a boom sprayer with the kit matched to the pump. An included swivel nozzle holder allows coverage to be adjusted.
- Easy assembly – just bolts onto trailer
- Kit comes with 2 nozzles, 2m for 55L and 3m spray width for 100L

domain: hobby