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More and more states are recognizing the goldmine that is online gambling, more specifically, online poker. If these states had their way, in a few years, Las Vegas may no longer be the gambling capital of the United States. The states of California and New Jersey are already fielding their own legislations that would render what used to be an illegal and banned act, legal.
But Las Vegas refuses to take this sitting down. In response to this threat, the Nevada Legislature came up with a number of gambling and poker-related bills. Assembly Bill 7 proposes a seat on the Gaming Policy Committee for a member from the academia, while Assembly Bill 10 provides an update to the state law on tools that are used for cheating.
However, the most notable – and important – by far is Assembly Bill 5, drafted by the Nevada Gaming Control Board, which will have Nevada-based poker/gaming companies opening their doors to out-of-state players, thereby widening their market and customer base. The states will also be sharing virtual customers, should this bill succeed.
Incidentally, this legislation is meant to apply only to online poker, seeing as it is the only type of internet gambling that is allowed in the state. In addition, accepting wagers for online gambling across state lines is currently not allowed for Nevada-based companies.
Republican Governor Brian Sandoval and Gaming Control Board chairman A.G. Burnett were very vocal in their admission that Assembly Bill 5 can bring in more revenues for the state. Burnett also said that it would “allow operators to be as competitive as they can be”.
Casino and sports gambling are Nevada’s bread and butter. Sure, they say tourism is its main industry, but if we are to be more specific, then let’s just say that the majority of people headed to Las Vegas aren’t there for the sunset or the sunrise. Get the latest sports livescore at spbo.

domain: politics


We live in a society typified by the isolation of the individual and a culture of self-sufficiency. Through this project, La Banca del Tempo intends to promote a new model of collaboration with municipal administrations, which aims to tackle, at the economic and social levels, the many emerging local crises before they become chronic. Although the project is not explicitly aimed at women, it does directly affect them, since most Banca del Tempo’s partners are women, and they are the association’s driving force. The project focuses on Carnate, a small town 20 km from Milan. The town grew around its train station; its development was not rationally planned, and it lacks a true town centre where people can meet.
Immigration has brought many changes to the town’s social fabric, and sadly the lack of public funding for social inclusion efforts is a major hurdle.
In such a context, Banca del Tempo plays an important role in facilitating active participation in community life: it promoted the creation of a network of agencies, families, and individuals whose aim is to strengthen the local social fabric. Creating this network potentially makes it easier to identify abuses and reach out to people who suffer from temporary social exclusion yet are unwilling to publically ask for help.


text: Assessed the number of sources of supportive and problematic social interactions in the total social network as well as the number who were the sources of consistently supportive or problematic interactions in a sample of 2nd year medical students. Number of problematic interaction sources was hypothesized to be more predictive of psychological and physical well-being than number of supportive interaction sources. Results showed that total supportive and total problematic interaction sources were equally predictive of life satisfaction. The presence of at least one individual who is a consistent source of problematic interactions was most predictive of lower life satisfaction. Results indicate the importance of studying both supportive and problematic social interactions. They also suggest that interactions with individuals that are consistently problematic may negatively impact upon well-being.

domain: literature


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Review: The Secret Life Of Prince Charming
Aug • 23 • 2011
Title: The Secret Life of Prince Charming
Genre: Young Adult- Contemporary
Author: Deb Caletti
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date: April 7, 2009
“Quinn is surrounded by women who have had their hearts broken. Between her mother, her aunt, and her grandmother, Quinn hears nothing but cautionary tales. She tries to be an optimist after all, she’s the dependable one, the girl who never makes foolish choices. But when she is abruptly and unceremoniously dumped, Quinn starts to think maybe there really are no good men.
It doesn’t help that she’s gingerly handling a renewed relationship with her formerly absent father. He’s a little bit of a lot of things: charming, selfish, eccentric, lazy…but he’s her dad, and Quinn’s just happy to have him around again. Until she realizes how horribly he’s treated the many women in his life, how he’s stolen more than just their hearts. Determined to, for once, take action in her life, Quinn joins forces with the half sister she’s never met and the little sister she’ll do anything to protect.
Together, they set out to right her father’s wrongs…and in doing so, begin to uncover what they’re really looking for: the truth.”
I can never get enough of Ms. Caletti writing. All of her books are totally, freaking awesome! And just like her others book, this book touches something very life changing: Fathers. I am that type of girl who has daddy issues. I am also that type of girl who fathers dates girl old enough to be my sister. Currently my father girlfriend is 28. I’m 26. Shutters. So I know. And this book really brought to light my feelings in the way I feel towards my dad but also brought me some closure.
This book I really related to, like no other book. Quinn is searching for the truth in who her father really is. And the truth she finds is not what she expected to get. I love the plot line of the story. It gave an amazing insight to all the women Quinn’s father dated and what really happened in their relationship. It also showed just how much all of these relationships had an effect on the women’s life and the children.
I adored Quinn and the quest she went on. She loved her father (just like I loved mine) but she need to find inner peace in what he has done. Quinn learned things the hard way. I am glad that she saw past his prince charming ways and saw things for what they really are.
The love interest in this book amazed me. I didn’t think that there will be one since Quinn is so against guys and what her father did. The love interest that sparked up in the book gave me hope for Quinn that she may love after all. She had the courage to return items and tell her father how she felt. It did turn out as expected but she came out a new person.
Ms. Caletti once again, wrote a great book with a great life lesson. All of her books I adore and enjoys. The Secret Life of Prince Charming isn’t what we thought about the Prince after all. He has flaws, and he has his ways. Fantastic story and amazing characters!
I give it 3 BITES!

domain: library


Not to be undone by The French, England too, attempted to create personnel defensive devices that soldiers could deploy to survive Trench Warfare. One novelty was The MacAdams Shield Shovel of 1914. A combination device, it featured a 4.5 foot collapsing wooden handle. The spade itself was 2 feet in width and featured 1 (to 3) cut openings. A soldier could lay in the “prone firing position” and place the shield to his front (in the earth). A rifle barrel would be placed through on of the holes (allowing the soldier to fire). The spade iwas over 1 inch thick (and incredibly worked). Weighing 5 pounds, even the US attempted to incorporate a version. Although 25,000 were produced The MacAdams never really caught on. However, his designs for a portable and folding personal digging implement would.


text:
Writer Jason Coe
Illustrator Nathan Huang
1938 Charlie Low opens Forbidden City—the first nightclub to showcase Chinese American performers—in San Francisco, a favorite haunt of locals and visiting celebrities such as Duke Ellington and Bing Crosby.
1955 Indian sarode player Ali Akbar Khan becomes the first Indian musician on American television when he appeared on Alistair Cooke’s Omnibus.
1957 Pat Suzuki becomes the first Japanese American signed to a major label when she is referred to RCA by Bing Crosby.
1964 Eight-year-old child-prodigy Yo-Yo Ma appears on television performing with composer Leonard Bernstein. Ma goes on to study at the Julliard School, eventually becoming the most acclaimed cellist in the world.
1968 Ben Fong-Torres begins writing for Rolling Stone Magazine and is promoted to news editor in 1969. He continues to be a major journalist in the American music scene.
1968 Asian Music, a magazine dedicated to scholarly research on Asian musical art forms, publishes its first issue.
1973 Charlie Chin, Chris Iijima and Nobuko Miyamoto create the folk trio Yellow Pearl. Their first album, A Grain of Sand, spreads a political message championing minority rights, immigrant rights and an anti-Vietnam War message.
1975 Latin soul pioneer Joe Bataan releases Afrofilipino, one of his best-selling albums and a tribute to his bi-racial heritage.
1978 Sound Explosion, the first of hundreds of Filipino-led mobile DJ crews in the San Francisco Bay Area, forms at Balboa High School in San Francisco. These crews will eventually produce Filipino American scratch legends like DJs Q-Bert, Mixmaster Mike and Apollo.
1979 Hiroshima, a fusion jazz band comprising Japanese Americans, releases its self-titled debut album on Arista records. From the album, the R&B hit “Roomful of Mirrors” becomes a hit.
1986 Filipino American heavy metal band Death Angel releases its first album, The Ultra-Violence, hailed as one of the greatest thrash albums of all time.
1987 Jan Jang and Francis Wong found the nonprofit Asian Improv Records, the main recording label of the Asian improv jazz movement, which began in the ’80s and still flourishes today.
1992 Half-Chinese/half-Trinidadian rapper Fresh Kid Ice, from 2 Live Crew, releases a solo album, The Chinaman.
1995 Ear of the Dragon, a compilation album of Asian American indie rock bands including Seam, Versus, Aminiature, Skankin’ Pickle and J Church, is released.
1997 Coinciding with the release of UK-based Talvin Singh’s Anokha, the album rumored to have started the Asian Massive movement, DJ and filmmaker Vivek Bald begins the groundbreaking Mutiny club night in New York City, creating a critical mass for the rise of South Asian American DJs and musicians working on the cutting edge of electronic music. Mutiny continues until 2003.
1998 The soundtrack of the film Yellow, directed by Chris Chan Lee, is the first to feature only Asian American musicians.
1999 Handsome Boy Modeling School, a rap collaboration comprising Dan “the Automator”
Nakamura and Prince Paul, releases its first album So …How’s Your Girl? to critical acclaim. Nakamura, of Japanese descent, is at the forefront of trip-hop and is featured on the first
2000 Linkin Park releases Hybrid Theory, which goes diamond (ten times platinum)
and is currently the best-selling debut album of the 21st century. Founding members include Joseph Hahn, who is of Korean descent, and Mike Shinoda, who is half-Japanese.
2001 First Asian America Hip Hop summit held in Los Angeles.
2002 A revival of Flower Drum Song is done on Broadway, rewritten by David Henry Hwang, writer of M. Butterfly and starring Lea Salonga from Miss Saigon. Hwang rewrites the musical as he assumes Rodgers and Hammerstein would have written it if they were Asian American.
2002 Chinese American rapper Jin wins BET’s 106 and Park Freestyle Fridays competition for the seventh week in a row. He later signs to Ruff Ryders and releases The Rest Is History, the first rap album by an Asian American on a major label, in 2004.
2004 Professor Deborah Anne Wong publishes Speak it Louder: Asian Americans Making Music, one of the only books published on Asian American music and a significant contributor to this time line.
2005 Chinese American music journalist Jeff Chang publishes Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop, widely considered one of the definitive books on hip-hop history.
2006 MTV launches various Asian American channels, including one catering to South Asian Americans, Chinese Americans and Korean Americans.
Jason Coe was Hyphen’s intern. He spent part of his summer researching a more comprehensive version of this timeline with 63 entries. To see the full timeline, in all its awesomeness, visit hyphenmagazine.com

domain: artistic


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Cerebral palsy refers to a group of conditions that affect movement, balance and posture. Affected children have abnormalities in one or more parts of the brain that affect the ability to control muscles. Symptoms range from mild to severe but do not get worse as the child gets older. With treatment, most children can significantly improve their abilities.
Many children with cerebral palsy have other conditions that require treatment. These include intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, seizures, abnormal physical sensations (difficulties with sense of touch), and problems with vision, hearing and speech.
Cerebral palsy usually is diagnosed by 3 years of age. About 2 to 3 children in 1,000 are affected (1). About 800,000 children and adults of all ages in the United States have cerebral palsy (2).
There are three major types of cerebral palsy. Some individuals may have symptoms of more than one type.
Cerebral palsy usually is caused by factors that disrupt normal development of the brain before birth. In some cases, genetic defects may contribute to brain malformations and “miswiring” of nerve cell connections in the brain, resulting in cerebral palsy (2). Other cases are caused by injuries to the developing brain, such as a fetal stroke. Contrary to common belief, few cases of cerebral palsy are caused by a lack of oxygen reaching the fetus during labor and delivery (2).
A small number of babies develop brain injuries in the first months or years of life that can result in cerebral palsy (2). These injuries may be caused by brain infection (such as meningitis) and head injuries. In many cases, the cause of cerebral palsy in a child is not known.
Certain risk factors make it more likely that a baby will develop cerebral palsy. However, most babies with one of these risk factors do not develop cerebral palsy. Risk factors for cerebral palsy include:
Some children with cerebral palsy may have delays in learning to roll over, sit, crawl or walk. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that parents contact their child's provider if they see any of the following signs (5):
A child more than 2 months old who:
A child more than 6 months old who:
A child more than 10 months old who:
A child more than 12 months old who:
Cerebral palsy is diagnosed mainly by evaluating how a baby or young child moves. The provider evaluates the child's muscle tone; children with cerebral palsy may appear floppy or stiff. Some may have variable muscle tone (too loose at times and too tight at other times).
The provider checks the child's reflexes and look to see if the baby has developed a preference for using his right or left hand. While most babies do not develop a hand preference (become right- or left-handed) until at least 12 months of age, some babies with cerebral palsy do so before 6 months of age.
Another important sign of cerebral palsy is the persistence of certain reflexes, called primitive reflexes. These reflexes are normal in younger infants but generally disappear by 6 to 12 months of age. The provider also takes a careful medical history and attempts to rule out any other disorders that could be causing the symptoms.
The provider may suggest brain imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT scan) or ultrasound. These tests sometimes can help identify the cause of cerebral palsy. Ultrasound often is recommended in premature babies who are considered at risk for cerebral palsy to help diagnose brain abnormalities that are frequently associated with cerebral palsy. In some children with cerebral palsy, especially those who are mildly affected, brain imaging tests show no abnormalities, suggesting that microscopically small areas of brain damage can cause symptoms.
About half of babies who are suspected to be at higher risk for cerebral palsy at 12 months of age appear to outgrow their symptoms by age 2 (6).
A team of health care professionals works with the child and family to identify the child's needs and create an individualized treatment plan to help the child reach his or her maximum potential. The team is generally coordinated by one health care professional and may include pediatricians, physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians, orthopedic surgeons, physical and occupational therapists, ophthalmologists (eye doctors), speech/language pathologists, social workers and psychologists.
The child usually begins physical therapy soon after diagnosis. Therapy improves motor skills (such as sitting and walking) and muscle strength and helps prevent contractures (shortening of muscles that limits joint movement). Sometimes braces, splints or casts are used along with physical therapy to help prevent contractures and to improve function of the hands or legs. If contractures are severe, surgery may be recommended to lengthen affected muscles.
Drugs sometimes are recommended to ease spasticity or to reduce abnormal movement. Unfortunately, oral drug treatment often is not very helpful. Sometimes injection of drugs, such as Botox (botulinum toxin), directly into spastic muscles is helpful. The effects may last several months.
A new type of drug treatment is showing promise in children with moderate to severe spasticity. During a surgical procedure, a pump is implanted under the skin that continuously delivers the anti-spasmodic drug baclofen.
For some children with spastic cerebral palsy, a surgical technique called selective dorsal rhizotomy may permanently reduce spasticity and improve the ability to sit, stand and walk. In this procedure, doctors identify and cut some of the nerve fibers at the base of the spine that are contributing most to spasticity. This procedure usually is recommended only for children with severe spasticity who have not responded well to other treatments (2).
Occupational therapists work with the child on skills required for daily living, including feeding and dressing. Children with speech problems work with a speech therapist or, in more severe cases, learn to use a computerized voice synthesizer that can speak for them. Computers have become an important tool for children and adults with cerebral palsy in terms of therapy, education, recreation and employment.
Some children with cerebral palsy may benefit from the many mechanical aids available today, including walkers, positioning devices (to allow a child with abnormal posture to stand correctly), customized wheelchairs, and specially adapted scooters and tricycles.
In many cases, the cause of cerebral palsy is not known, so there is nothing that can be done to prevent it. However, some causes of cerebral palsy can be prevented by eliminating or managing certain risk factors.
Rh disease and congenital rubella syndrome used to be common causes of cerebral palsy. Now Rh disease usually can be prevented when an Rh-negative pregnant woman receives appropriate care. Women can be tested for immunity to rubella before pregnancy and vaccinated if they are not immune. A woman can help reduce her risk of preterm delivery when she seeks early (ideally starting with a preconception visit) and regular prenatal care and avoids cigarettes, alcohol and illicit drugs.
Babies with severe jaundice can be treated with special lights (phototherapy) and blood transfusions (exchange transfusions), when indicated. Head injuries in babies and young children often can be prevented when babies ride in car seats properly positioned in the back seat of the car and when children wear helmets when riding bicycles. Routine vaccination of babies (with the Hib vaccine) prevents many cases of meningitis, another cause of brain damage in the early months.
The March of Dimes supports a number of grants on prenatal brain development and factors that may disrupt it.
One grantee is studying how developing nerve cells in the fetal brain respond to prolonged oxygen deprivation. This can improve understanding of how lack of oxygen before or around the time of birth can injure the developing brain and how such brain injuries can be prevented or treated.
Another grantee is investigating how intrauterine infections may contribute to brain injuries that result in cerebral palsy, with the goal of developing drug treatments to help prevent these injuries.
A grantee also is studying specific learning disabilities in young children with cerebral palsy in order to develop improved interventions.
Many other March of Dimes grantees are seeking improved ways of preventing preterm delivery, an important risk factor for cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Last reviewed December 2007
Dad's exposure to harmful chemicals and substances before conception or during his partner's pregnancy can affect his children. Harmful exposures can include drugs (prescription, over-the-counter and illegal drugs), alcohol, cigarettes, cigarette smoke, chemotherapy and radiation. They also include exposure to lead, mercury and pesticides.
Unlike mom's exposures, dad's exposures do not appear to cause birth defects. They can, however, damage a man's sperm quality, causing fertility problems and miscarriage. Some exposures may cause genetic changes in sperm that may increase the risk of childhood cancer. Cancer treatments, like chemotherapy and radiation, can seriously alter sperm, at least for a few months post treatment. Some men choose to bank their sperm to preserve its integrity before they receive treatment. If you have a question about a specific exposure, contact the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists at www.otispregnancy.org.
The Rh factor may be a problem if mom is Rh-negative but dad is Rh-positive. If dad is Rh-negative, there is no risk.
If your baby gets her Rh-positive factor from dad, your body may believe that your baby's red blood cells are foreign elements attacking you. Your body may make antibodies to fight them. This is called sensitization.
If you're Rh-negative, you can get shots of Rh immune globulin (RhIg) to stop your body from attacking your baby. It's best to get these shots at 28 weeks of pregnancy and again within 72 hours of giving birth if a blood test shows that your baby is Rh-positive. You won't need anymore shots after giving birth if your baby is Rh-negative. You should also get a shot after certain pregnancy exams like an amniocentesis, a chorionic villus sampling or an external cephalic version (when your provider tries to turn a breech-position baby head down before labor). You'll also want to get the shot if you have a miscarriage, an ectopic pregnancy or suffer abdominal trauma.
A cleft lip or cleft palate that extends into the upper gums (where top teeth develop) can cause your baby to have certain dental problems, including:
Every baby with a cleft lip or palate should get regular dental checkups by a dentist with experience taking care of children with oral clefts. Dental problems caused by cleft lip or palate usually can be fixed. If needed, your baby can get ongoing care by a team of experts, including:
See also: Cleft lip and cleft palate
Cleft lip does not cause ear problems.
Babies with cleft palate, however, are more likely than other babies to have ear infections and, in some cases, hearing loss. This is because cleft palate can cause fluid to build up in your baby’s middle ear. The fluid can become infected and cause fever and earache. If fluid keeps building up with or without infection, it can cause mild to moderate hearing loss.
Without treatment , hearing loss can affect your baby’s language development and may become permanent.
With the right care, this kind of hearing loss is usually temporary. Your baby’s provider may recommend:
See also: Cleft lip and cleft palate
Babies with only a cleft lip usually don’t have trouble breastfeeding. Most of the time, they can breastfeed just fine. But they may need some extra time to get started.
Babies with cleft lip and palate or with isolated cleft palate can have:
Most babies with cleft palate can’t feed from the breast. If your baby has cleft palate, he can still get the health benefits of breastfeeding if you feed him breast milk from a bottle. Your provider can show you how to express (pump) milk from your breasts and store breast milk.
Your baby’s provider can help you start good breastfeeding habits right after your baby is born. She may recommend:
Children with cleft lip generally have normal speech. Children with cleft lip and palate or isolated cleft palate may:
Most children can develop normal speech after having cleft palate repair. However, some children may need speech therapy to help develop normal speech.
See also: Cleft lip and cleft palate
The choroid plexus is the area of the brain that produces the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. This is not an area of the brain that involves learning or thinking. Occasionally, one or more cysts can form in the choroid plexus. These cysts are made of blood vessels and tissue. They do not cause intellectual disabilities or learning problems. Using ultrasound, a health care provider can see these cysts in about 1 in 120 pregnancies at 15 to 20 weeks gestation. Most disappear during pregnancy or within several months after birth and are no risk to the baby. They aren't a problem by themselves. But if screening tests show other signs of risk, they may indicate a possible genetic defect. In this case, testing with higher-level ultrasound and/or amniocentesis may be recommended to confirm or rule out serious problems.
If you didn’t take folic acid before getting pregnant, it doesn't necessarily mean that your baby will be born with birth defects. If women of childbearing age take 400 micrograms of folic acid every day before and during early pregnancy, it may help reduce their baby’s risk for birth defects of the brain and spin called neural tube defects (NTDs). But it only works if you take it before getting pregnant and during the first few weeks of pregnancy, often before you may even know you’re pregnant.
Because nearly half of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned, it's important that all women of childbearing age (even if they're not trying to get pregnant) get at least 400 micrograms of folic acid every day. Take a multivitamin with folic acid before pregnancy. During pregnancy, switch to a prenatal vitamin, which should have 600 micrograms of folic acid.
Last reviewed November 2012

domain: biology


text:
Hair Extensions have been popular for some time throughout Australia and most of the Western world.
Whether it be from the sunny shores of the Gold Coast, Coolangatta or Tweed Heads in Queensland to the spectacular views from the Wrest Point Casino or Cradle Mountain in Tasmania hair extensions are highly sort after by many fashion conscious ladies around Australia.
Hair Extensions Direct has ensured that the quality of the Hair Extensions provided is of the highest quality so that the hold up against the conditions of the Australian environment. Obviously if you are shopping in Melbournes fashion suburbs of South Yarra, Toorak, Brighton or the Melbourne CBD then your hair is not going to be subjected to as harsh a weather as that of Uluru (Aires Rock) in the Northern Territory or blown about as much as when climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge in Sydney NSW. However you still need to know that your Hair Extensions will last as long as possible regardless of where you live.
As we live in a country of such diverse climates we also need a range of colours that allows us to change depending on that climate. Obviously the Golden Blonde coloured Hair Extensions are going to be more popular with the Beach Goers along the coastline in summer. While the darker browns, auburns and ash blondes will be more popular during the cooler winter months. We ensure we have a great range of colours to suit our clients’ needs.
With the advent of Hair extensions it has never been easier to add length and/or volume to your own hair. Clients even use Fusion or Micro Ring Hair extensions in vibrant colours to add a few bright highlights to their own hair as this is not only very affordable but also very quick and easy to do at home without having to make time to go to a Hair Dresser. After all with the busy lives we lead it is all about convenience as well as affordability and being able to order Hair Extensions online in the comfort of your own home couldn’t be any easier.

domain: geography


text:
Dating site funny drawings cartoons creaza pliante online dating
Competition from television drew audiences away from movie theaters in the late 1950s, and the theatrical cartoon began its decline.Today, animated cartoons for American audiences are produced mostly for television.The first cartoon to use a soundtrack was in 1926 with Max Fleischer's My Old Kentucky Home.However the Fleischers used a De Forest sound system and the sound was not completely synchronized with the film.American television animation of the 1950s featured quite limited animation styles, highlighted by the work of Jay Ward on Crusader Rabbit.and rebroadcast of many classic theatrical cartoons from Universal's Walter Lantz, Warner Bros., MGM, and Disney.
The first animated projection in the traditional sense (i.e., on motion picture film) was Fantasmagorie by the French director Émile Cohl in 1908.
This was followed by two more films, Le Cauchemar du fantoche [The Puppet's Nightmare,, now lost] and Un Drame chez les fantoches [A Puppet Drama, called The Love Affair in Toyland for American release and Mystical Love-Making for British release], all completed in 1908.
One of the very first successful animated cartoons was Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) by Winsor Mc Cay.
The first animated projection (screening) was created in France, by Charles-Émile Reynaud, who was a French science teacher.
Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888.

domain: entertainment


text:
DEEPIKA PADUKONE INDIA’S NO.1 ACTRESS.July 23, 2020
Deepika Padukone is an Indian film actress and producer. One of the highest-paid actresses in India, her accolades include three Filmfare Awards. She features in listings of the nation’s most popular personalities, and Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2018.
Deepika Padukone net worth :
|Net Worth:||$40 Million|
|Height:||5 ft 8 in (1.74 m)|
Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh :
Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh are currently one of the most talked about couples of Bollywood. … She further said that she feels great to find Ranveer as someone who can be depended upon, trusted and as someone who puts others before himself. Adding to it, she said that he is fun to be with and honest.
Is Ranveer Singh richer than Deepika :
New Delhi: The highest earning women celebrity in India, Deepika Padukone, earns more than her co-actor Ranveer Singh, whom she married recently. According to 2018 Forbes India Celebrity 100 list, Padukone earned ₹ 112.8 crore in the 12 months up to September 2018, while her husband Singh made only ₹ 84.67 crore.
How did Ranveer meet Deepika :
At the recent Hindustan Times Leadership Summit, Ranveer told the story of the first time he met Deepika in public and almost embarrassed himself. Deepika remembers thinking that he was not her type. He said he was out for a private dinner with his parents when Deepika walked in.
Early life and modelling career :
Padukone was born on 5 January 1986 in Copenhagen, Denmark, to Konkani-speaking parents. Her father, Prakash Padukone, is a former professional badminton player and her mother, Ujjala, is a travel agent. Her younger sister, Anisha, is a golfer. Her paternal grandfather, Ramesh, was a secretary of the Mysore Badminton Association. The family relocated to Bangalore, India when Padukone was a year old. She was educated at Bangalore’s Sophia High School and completed her pre-university education at Mount Carmel College. She subsequently enrolled at the Indira Gandhi National Open University for a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology but later quit it due to scheduling conflicts with her modelling career.
Padukone shares a close bond with her family, and visits them regularly in her hometown of Bangalore. She lives in Prabhadevi, a neighbourhood in Mumbai, and has admitted to missing the presence of her parents there. A practicing Hindu, Padukone considers religion to be an important aspect of her life and makes frequent visits to temples and other religious shrines.
In the media
The journalist Vir Sanghvi, in 2013, described Padukone as “strong, someone who makes up her own mind, [and] has motivation within herself.” She is particularly known in the media as a professional, disciplined performer, whose “work takes precedence over everything else.
Deepika Padukone wins big at DavosOn Monday, at the World Economic Forum 2020, she won the annual Crystal Award for ‘raising mental health awareness’ through her work and organisation.

domain: celebrity


The cucuy is the Latin world’s version of the boogeyman, a creature that strikes terror in the hearts of all who encounter it. Not to be confused with Cucucuy, which is here to ignite a passion for Latin music in the hearts of all who encounter it. The new band is centered around a trio of established Houston artists - Adrian Graniel and Alan Garza from Tax the Wolf and Handsomebeast’s and Astro Inn’s Jacob Rodriguez – and a sound these veteran musicians haven’t previously fully explored.
The group’s debut single, “Amaneciendo (Con Tu Amor)” dropped in July, along with a video featuring another recognizable Houston musician, Gio Chamba. Rodriguez, who also owns and operates the east side recording studio King Benny’s House of Sound, said the project began a couple of years ago when Graniel asked for help while working on a television food series called United Tacos of America.
“They told Adrian, ‘Hey man, can you make some bumper music, some little cumbias and stuff like that?’ So, of course, me and Adrian have worked together on various projects before and I’ve recorded a couple of his bands, so he came over here to the studio and we just worked out a bunch of bumper music, 30 seconds to a minute-long cumbia tracks, and we had so much fun doing it, we made a few that were like actual songs.
“It always was a dream of ours to have a Latin project. We always end up in rock bands. It was fun, but never anything like what we grew up on from the fifteens (quinceañeras) and the flea markets, all that kind of stuff,” Rodriguez said.
He said he dreamed up the unique band name way before the project formed.
“I had this name in my head for the longest, because I would always do that — ‘Cu-cu-cumbia, cu-cu-cumbia!’ — that kind of deejay voice thing,” he said, displaying his best Mexican radio announcer vocals with the same enthusiasm you hear when you get his voice mail or speak with him about music. “And I love the idea of a cucuy, which is something scary and kind of creepy. A lot of the riffs that we throw in are old-school spooky sounding, like organs and stuff. So, Cucucuy – that makes perfect sense.”
The band wrote a song, “which turned into two, which turned into five. We’re almost at 10 right now,” Rodriguez reported. Their plan is to release singles every couple of months and an EP around Halloween. While the project formed around cumbia music, Rodriguez said Cucucuy is delving into all sorts of Latin rhythms.
“It’s not just cumbia anymore, it’s kind of like – I’m just saying experimental Latin stuff,” Rodriguez said. “It ranges from reggaeton, we even have a bachata song, we have straight chicha cumbia. We have salsa – I’m just trying to throw everything out there, we’re all just trying to bring stuff to the table.”
Garza, Graniel and Rodriguez are the band’s brain trust but they’ll be adding members to the fold to create a performance band. Rodriguez said they hope to perform a live show before the end of the year, but they’re content taking their time to find the right players. The next single is due in a few weeks and Rodriguez called it “a straight flea market cumbia, that’s the only way I can really describe it, it has a lot of bass. Kind of like what Gio’s doing, that electronic cumbia vibe, but a little bit more old-school, I think.
“This is a whole new can of worms for me. I grew up on this stuff. I love Santana and a lot of the chicha music from South America, but I never had a chance to play it. Especially all the groups I’m in. I play drums, I play bass and it’s mostly rock and roll, which I love, but there’s always been a part of me that’s like man, I wish I could just get on stage and play some congas and a güiro and some timbales and just have fun doing that, you know?”
For the most part, Graniel is on bass, singing and playing keys for Cucucuy, Rodriguez reported. Garza will do guitars and keys and Rodriguez is “playing all the other stuff that’s needed. All the percussion and drums, I play bass on a lot of the songs. I even play guitar riffs on some of the songs. We’re pretty much going to switch around for what’s needed for each song.”
As for the lead single’s video, Rodriguez called some friends together for it. It was filmed by Felix Navarro of Visuals By Felix, the same production firm which has worked on Astro Inn’s entertaining videos, including one for its latest single,“Hexxx,” which was shot in the legendary D&W Lounge. Cucucuy’s premiere video has a beach vibe to it and was shot on Galveston’s Seawall.
“The concept was pretty simple. We just wanted to keep it pretty light and show our faces finally and get Gio out there while he was in town.”
Some folks may not have realized Gio Chamba – one of the city’s most recognizable music faces – has relocated to Denver recently to start his family. Rodriguez said he’s heard some new, unreleased Gio Chamba tracks and they sound amazing.
The band hit the beach for its debut video
Photo by Felix Navarro, courtesy of King Benny's House of Sound
“If he was still in town, he would be a part of this group, for sure. He’s kind of like always going to be featured on (Cucucuy), we have the same kinds of vibes.”
Rodriguez and Gio Chamba go way back to when Gio was playing as Papaya. Rodriguez and Graniel were in that band.
“That was kind of like the first iteration of what we’re doing now. It was a lot more janky, a lot more like ‘We wanna go up there and hit drums!’ Not as practiced, a lot of covers. But, the idea was there. I think this is like the mature version of that.”
“There’s something about this music – like I said, it’s always been a part of me since I was like a little kid, shooting pool with my dad and listening to Santana, listening to really old cumbia songs and Fito Olivares and all that kind of stuff,” Rodriguez continued. “I always knew this stuff and liked it, but I never thought I would get a chance to play it and then actually meeting Gio and playing with him and actually getting involved in his projects I thought, ‘Maybe I can do this.’ Seeing (Los) Skarnales live a lot and all those other groups, I was like, ‘Man, I know I can get up there and do this.’
“Really it was being asked by Adrian to do the taco project which made us sit there and do some cumbias. At first it was like, yeah, we’ll do some little cheesy things and then it became more evolved and so fun to create a new style, for me, and really dive into that world and dissect it and see what they’re really doing with all the rhythms and instruments that are in there – not to say the other projects I’m in don’t take that time, it’s just something like a brand new world for me.”
Cucucuy’s debut single, “Amaneciendo (Con Tu Amor),” is now available on Spotify, Apple Music and all major streaming music platforms.
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Jesse’s been writing for the Houston Press since 2013. His work has appeared elsewhere, notably on the desk of the English teacher of his high school girlfriend, Tish. The teacher recognized Jesse’s writing and gave Tish a failing grade for the essay. Tish and Jesse celebrated their 33rd anniversary as a couple in October.


WASHINGTON, D.C. – The topic of guns and gun control has been debated for decades, now the Biden Administration wants to bypass congress and enact regulations through executive orders for what the president calls a gun and public health crisis.
Opponents of the moves feel this is ineffective and a threat towards the 2nd Amendment.
But for the president, he feels something needs to be done.
“This is an epidemic, for God’s sake. And it has to stop,” President Joe Biden said.
The executive orders the president announced last week include requiring background checks for “ghost guns,” regulating pistol stabilizing braces, and publishing model red flag legislation.
The Administration has pushed for legislation from congress, but a split Senate makes it hard to pass controversial bills and Republicans say this is not the answer.
“We’ve proven that by looking at the cities across America that put in the most restrictive gun control laws, and yet have some of the most violent outcomes,” said Sen. Steve Daines, R-Mont.
Daines says the focus on the gun is not the solution and will make things worse.
“The attempt to take guns away from law-abiding citizens will not stop criminals from committing crimes,” Daines said.
Daines says there is no doubt there is a violence problem in America, but fixing it will be on addressing mental health issues and working with families and communities to promote a safe environment.
The most recent legislation in congress, the Bipartisan Background Checks Act, passed the house last month, but has an uphill battle in the senate.


River Trail Road to close Thursday
By the Salina Journal | Wednesday, June 20, 2012 1:59 PM
River Trail Road will be closed north of the Magnolia Road intersection beginning Thursday to facilitate the installation of storm sewer.
Motorists will be required to access the residential subdivision from Ohio Street via Wayne Avenue.
River Trail Road is scheduled to reopen June 29.


Laguna top – waterfall
Outdoor active? Meet your perfect shirt. Our V-neck top has features to keep you cool and comfortable, moisture-wicking abilities and offers sun protection.
- •Heat Series technology keeps you cool when the competition heats up
- •Moisture Movement Technology ™ keeps you drier
- •SPF ™ finish for protection from ultraviolet rays
- •Poly heather jersey


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This Olympia hotel provides complimentary wired Internet access. 42-inch flat-screen televisions come with pay movies. Housekeeping is provided daily.
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Yes, this property has an indoor pool.
As of Aug 17, 2022, prices found for a 1-night stay for 2 adults at Hilton Garden Inn Olympia on Sept 5, 2022 start from CA $193.59, excluding taxes and fees. This price is based on the lowest nightly price found in the last 24 hours for stays in the next 30 days. Prices are subject to change. Choose your dates for more accurate prices.
Yes, Hilton Garden Inn Olympia allows cats and dogs (limit 2 per room). There's a fee of USD 75 per accommodation, per stay. Service animals are exempt from fees.
Self parking is free at this property.
Check-in is from 3:00 PM - midnight. Late check-in is available during limited hours.
Check-out is at noon.
Situated in Olympia, this hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of Watershed Park, Hands On Children's Museum, and Washington State Capitol. Percival Landing and Olympia Farmers Market are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Yes, Hilton Garden Inn Olympia offers free cancellation on select room rates, because flexibility matters! Please refer to Hilton Garden Inn Olympia cancellation policy on our site for more details about any exclusions or requirements.

domain: travel


text:
Don’t Drop the Coffin – the documentary series about funeral directors FA Albin and Sons first shown on ITV twelve years ago – is to be repeated on local television channel London Live.
The series starts on Wednesday 7 January at 8pm.
London Live is on Freeview channel 8 in the London region, Sky channel 117 and Virgin Media 159.
Albin’s was recently honoured with a Southwark blue plaque.
The whole series is available to view on YouTube courtesy of the production company STV.

domain: news


text:
Like in previous months, here’s the books I read in April and what I thought about them.
Eldritch Journal #1 is out now, featuring nine stories (four weird fiction, five cosmic horror), including mine: “A Place They Allowed Her to Create.”
It can be read for free on their website!
Stormy Island Publishing’s horror anthology, Fear and Fables, has been released! It includes my Lovecraftian short story, “The Restricted Section.” A tale about a coffee barista who takes his breaks at the library, sitting near the the restricted section on the second floor. He starts to hear noises in the dark aisle and starts to become curious, worried, and soon, with a librarian in tow, discovers what’s in the restricted section.
You can purchase now on Amazon!
Up until reading The Very Best of Caitlín R. Keirnan, I’ve only read Keirnan’s book, Black Helicopters, and her short stories “Fish Brides,” “On the Reef,” and “The Transition of Elizabeth Haskings” in the anthology Weirder Shadows over Innsmouth. I enjoyed them all, but as I read and finished The Very Best, I became entirely engrossed by Kiernan’s prose and her work.
Prompt: As you’re returning to port you see a woman on island needing rescue. Her motorboat is old but she appears to have been their only a few days. You take her aboard and you realize while talking to the crew everyone describes her in radically different ways varying in height, weight, race, etc. Continue reading Writing Prompt #79 — The Ever-Changing Woman
Prompt: You are an explorer and you and your team just found a jungle with temples older than civilization and strange artifacts
Prompt: An angry knock on your door has you peek out of the mail slot to see an unfamiliar person. “I am sorry, do I know you?” They stare at you angrily. “How many more times are they going to wipe your mind?”
Prompt: In 2019 scientists fawned over themselves after photographing a black hole for the first time. Unfortunately, they were wrong, it wasn’t a black hole at all. It was an eye. Cthulhu has awakened.


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Sunrise Banana Flavour Tofu Dessert (2x150g)Sunrise Banana Flavour Tofu Dessert has a texture similar to soft tofu. This delicious dessert reminds us of sweet, ripened bananas. It can be eaten straight out of the pack or blended into smoothies.
IngredientsWater, Soybeans (Non-GMO), Sugar, Natural Flavour, Natural Colour, Calcium Sulphate.
See All Products

domain: food


text:
Samsung R7 360° Wireless Multi-Room Speaker
Open-Box: Product has been inspected, cleaned and tested to function and look like new. Complete with all of its accessories. Comes with a 1-year warranty.
The R7 is a 360-degree multiroom speaker which is designed to sit on a tabletop and play any music, in any room with a studio sound quality.
The R7 speaker includes proprietary ‘Ring Radiator’ technology which evenly disperses omnidirectional sound through the top of the speaker in a circle. The elliptical shaped speaker cabinet will also minimise sound diffraction and enclosure resonance when the lower frequencies are heard. Designed with an acoustic lens, tweeter and woofer, the Samsung R7 packs in a lot to produce big sounds.
Discover and stream your favourite tracks
Samsung Wireless Audio Multiroom makes streaming music easier than ever before. With Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities you’ll be able to experience the best of the internet’s subscription streaming music services and play your favourite playlists, wirelessly.
Play any music, in any room, any time
Control your music from anywhere in your house, no matter which room you’re in, with Multiroom Link. Using Samsung’s Multiroom App 2.0, you can remotely control volume and music on your system, including your TV, Soundbar, Home Entertainment System and Blu-ray Disc Player. What’s more, the app features an intuitive interface which enables you to control your music with the wheel navigation.
Create your own surround system High Fidelity Audio Through TIDAL
These Samsung speakers are compatible with state-of-the-art streaming service, TIDAL. Stream over 25 million songs in crystal-clear High-Res, watch music videos in HD through the app and explore the service’s in-depth editorials on the artists. An added subscription is required, but you can take advantage of a 30 day free trial. The plans include TIDAL Premium, including standard-definition music, videos and editorial for £9.99 per month, and TIDAL HiFi, including High-Res music, videos and editorial, for £19.99 per month.
The R7 will also integrate well into Samsung’s existing audio, so you don’t need to stop with just the one Samsung multiroom speaker. With its Bluetooth and TV Soundconnect, you can create a 4.1 sound system, wirelessly - place a soundbar in the front and two Samsung R7 Wireless Audio Multiroom speakers at the rear for an immersive listening experience.


text:
Patient suffering from temporomandibular disorders and tooth wear.
The existing amalgam and composite restorations failed and multiple tooth fractures occurred.
A night guard was fabricated to find a position of the mandible comfortable enough to avoid both muscle and joint symptoms.
After treating the temporomandibular disorders, the new position of the mandible was recorded via an acrylic jig.
Both the anterior and posterior teeth were restored using a stress-reduced direct composite protocol at the established vertical dimension of occlusion.
Aesthetic and function were reestablished using a minimally invasive approach.
No post, no traditional dental crowns are required to complete a full mouth rehabilitation.

domain: medical


|Publication number||US5539601 A|
|Application number||US 08/241,815|
|Publication date||Jul 23, 1996|
|Filing date||May 12, 1994|
|Priority date||May 12, 1994|
|Also published as||CA2149102A1, CA2149102C|
|Publication number||08241815, 241815, US 5539601 A, US 5539601A, US-A-5539601, US5539601 A, US5539601A|
|Inventors||Samir F. Farag|
|Original Assignee||Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (36), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
Ts(n) =Ts(n-1) +[(Po(n-1) -P1(n-1))Δt]/cs,
P1(n) =(Ts(n) -k1 Th(n-1))/Rs,
Pp(n) =(k2 Ts(n) -Th(n-1))/Rs,
P2(n) =Th(n) /Rh,
Th(n) =Th(n-1) +[(Pp(n) -P2(n-1)) Δt]/Ch,
Tr(n) =Tr(n-1) +[(Po(n) -Pr(n-1)) Δt]/Cr,
Pr(n) =Tr(n) /Rr,
Ts(n) =Ts(n-1) +[(Po(n-1) -P1(n-1))Δt]/cs,
P1(n) =(Ts(n) -k1 Th(n-1))/Rs,
Pp(n) =(k2 Ts(n) -Th(n-1))/Rs,
P2(n) =Th(n) /Rh,
Th(n) =Th(n-1) +[(Pp(n) -P2(n-1)) Δt]/Ch,
Tr(n) =Tr(n-1) +[(Po(n) -Pr(n-1)) Δt]/Cr,
Pr(n) =Tr(n) /Rr,
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the thermal protection of electric motors and, more particularly, to thermal protection through thermal modeling of motor heating and cooling, including modeling of rotor thermodynamics.
2. Description of Related Art
One of the primary causes of damage to electric machines generally, and to electric motors in particular is overheating. In the case of electric motors, such overheating typically results from overload or some type of electrical or mechanical failure in the machine, and can permanently destroy the motor or lead to a significant reduction in its useful life. To avoid such damage, a number of methods have been devised or proposed for limiting the temperature of electric motors, or at least for detecting and warning of a conditions likely to lead to overheating, and ultimately to failure of motors.
One such method involves the use of a thermal model for the motor to be protected. An example of this approach to motor thermal protection is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,437 issued on Jul. 3, 1990 to Farag et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference. In the method described in that patent, thermal protection for certain types of motor is provided by thermally modeling the motor as an analogous electrical circuit wherein the thermal resistances and capacitances of the motor stator windings and housing are used to iteratively calculate estimates for the temperatures of the windings and housing. Implementation of the method by means of a digital microcontroller affords real time modeling of motor temperature. Where temperatures near or in excess of rated limits result from the model, appropriate measures can be taken, such as proving an alarm or removing current to the motor.
However, such methods typically do not include rotor thermodynamics in their thermal model. Moreover, due to the variety of failure modes prevalent with different classes of motors, it would be advantageous if such models could simulate rotor heating as well as heating of the stator winding and housing. In particular, the failure modes of various types of motor depend upon the voltage class of the motor, lower voltage motors being generally "stator limited," meaning that failure typically results from overheating of the stator winding, while medium voltage motors are generally "rotor limited" on startup, or in a stalled or locked-rotor condition, and "stator limited" under normal running. Thus, to afford effective protection against overheating, an improved thermal model for medium voltage motors should provide an estimate of the rotor temperature, particularly during those phases of operation in which failure due to rotor overheating is most likely to occur, during startup, stall and locked-rotor conditions.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for thermal protection of an electric motor including a monitoring device for monitoring the electric current flowing to the motor. The apparatus further includes a processing circuit for producing a signal representative of the current and for estimating the temperature of the rotor based upon the current signal, the thermal resistance of the rotor and the thermal capacitance of the rotor. Coupled to the processing circuit is a comparator circuit for comparing the estimated temperature with a reference maximum temperature. Finally, a switching device is coupled to the comparator circuit for producing a control signal when the estimated temperature and the reference temperature satisfy a predetermined relationship.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for thermally modeling an electric motor having a stator, a rotor and a housing. The method comprises the steps of estimating values representative of the thermal resistance and the thermal capacitance of the rotor, producing a signal representative of the electric current flowing to the motor, estimating the temperature of the rotor using the current signal and the estimated thermal resistance and capacitance values, and producing a control signal based upon this estimated temperature.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a typical apparatus in accordance with the invention, shown coupled to the phase conductors of a three phase induction motor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic depiction of an electrical circuit analog for the thermal system comprised by an electric motor, which forms the basis for the thermal model used in the invention for thermal protection of an electric motor;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram representation of the control circuit for the apparatus;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are a block diagram illustrating a typical sequence of steps in control logic implementing the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of typical stator and rotor temperatures versus time for a motor start in which the maximum allowable rotor temperature is exceeded; and
FIG. 6 is a similar graphical representation illustrating excessive rotor temperatures due to multiple successive starts.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Turning now to the drawings and referring to FIG. 1, an apparatus for thermal protection of an electric motor, designated generally by the reference numeral 10, is illustrated schematically including current transformers 12, 14 and 16, a filtering and conditioning circuit 18, an isolation circuit 20, a control circuit 22, a contactor interface 24, a visual indicator 26, and a contactor 28. Also illustrated in FIG. 1 is a 3-phase induction motor 30, and a 3-phase power source 32 which provides 3-phase power to motor 30 via A-phase conductor 34, B-phase conductor 36, C-phase conductor 38, and contactor 28.
In operation, current transformers 12, 14 and 16, which may be transducers, produce signals representative of the phase currents in each of the phase conductors 34, 36 and 38. These currents also represent the phase currents in the stator of motor 30. The signals produced by transformers 12, 14 and 16 are filtered and converted to voltages in an appropriate circuit 18, and applied to an isolation circuit 20, such as a circuit that includes optical isolation. Isolation circuit 20 will be particularly important in applications of the protection apparatus 10 to 3-phase motors operating at relatively high currents, to protect the circuitry of the control circuit 22 against noise and possible damage. Other applications may not require an isolation circuit 20.
The signals from isolation circuit 20, representative of the phase currents in phase conductors 34, 36 and 38 are applied to an analog-to-digital converter 40 which is part of the control circuit 22. Analog-to-digital converter 40 converts the voltage signals received from isolation circuit 20, representative of phase currents in conductors 34, 36 and 38, to digital data representative of these signals. Accordingly, analog-to-digital converter 40 produces real time digital data at a predetermined sampling interval which is representative of the currents in each phase conductor 34, 36 and 38.
In the present embodiment of the apparatus 10, control circuit 22 is a microprocessor (digital processor) that includes analog-to-digital converter 40 as a circuit which is integral to the microprocessor. The microprocessor also includes the appropriate RAM 42 and ROM 44 (e.g. EPROM). The programming that controls the microprocessor is stored in ROM 44. The microprocessor utilizes RAM 42 to store temporarily variable data which is utilized during the execution of the programs stored in ROM 44. In operation, control circuit 28 may include programming that performs various monitoring functions of motor 30 based upon digital values representative of electrical current in conductors 34, 36 and 38, and of certain predetermined parameters relative to motor 30 as will be described. For example, signals representative of electrical current in conductors 34, 36 and 38 may be compared to reference signals representative maximum allowable currents stored in ROM 44 and, if found in excess of those reference values, control circuit 22 may produce an output signal to contactor interface 24 causing contactor 28 to open and remove power to motor 30.
By way of example, contactor interface 24 may include isolation to prevent inductive kickback from contactor 28 to control circuit 22. Such a circuit also includes circuitry able to produce sufficient current to operate the solenoid of contactor 28. Such circuitry for interfacing between current transformers and a 3-phase contactor with a microprocessor based motor control and protection device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,437 to which reference has been made above. In addition, although the present disclosure specifically covers aspects of the thermal protection apparatus 10 particularly relating to motor modeling, is should be understood that the apparatus may incorporate other components and programs allowing a number of other motor starting and control functions to be performed, such as across-the-line starting, reversing, two-speed and reduced-voltage starting.
In the present embodiment, control circuit 22 is configured to generate a processed current signal representative of the greatest of the root mean square (RMS) current values for the motor phases. In particular, this processed current signal is obtained by determining the RMS value of the digitized current signals for each phase current in conductors 34, 36 and 38 in each of a series of sampling intervals, selecting the greatest of these RMS values for each sampling interval, and averaging the greatest RMS current values over a predetermined number of sampling intervals. The resulting processed current signal I is utilized in subsequent signal processing in the control circuit 22 to obtain signals representative of the temperatures of the rotor, stator and housing, as will be described.
The thermal model utilized in the present embodiment may be represented schematically as the analogous electrical circuit illustrated in FIG. 2. A stator winding thermal circuit 46 includes a stator winding thermal resistance Rs, a stator winding thermal capacitance Cs and the analog of a heat source wherein the driving function is represented by the expression (k1 * Th), wherein Th is the housing temperature and k1 is a correction factor. A housing thermal circuit 48 includes the stator winding thermal resistance Rs, the housing thermal capacitance Ch, the housing thermal resistance Rh and the analog of a heat source wherein the driving function is represented by the expression (k2 * Ts), wherein Ts is the stator winding temperature and k2 is a correction factor. The rotor thermal circuit 50 includes the rotor thermal resistance Rr and the rotor thermal capacitance Cr. In FIG. 2 the rotor thermal resistance Rr and the rotor thermal capacitance Cr are shown as variable quantities. As will be discussed more fully below, the present embodiment utilizes different values for Rr and Cr depending upon the stage of operation of motor 30.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the stator winding temperature Ts, the housing temperature Th and the rotor temperature Tr are analogous to voltages at the points indicated in the respective circuits. The value Po is analogous to the current applied to the circuit, and the values P1, Pp, P2 and Pr are analogous to the currents at the indicated locations in the respective circuits. The values for the correction factors k1 and k2 are determined to cause the thermal model to produce a control signal, such as a signal causing the contactor 28 to trip, at temperature levels corresponding to overload curves complying to industry standards. The values for the thermal resistances Rs and Rh, and for the thermal capacitances Cs and Ch are determined by generally known techniques from empirical motor data (e.g. by monitoring the temperatures and cooling times of the motor stator windings and housing under various conditions).
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the present embodiment of control circuit 22 includes an analog-to-digital converter 40, a first comparator circuit 50, a current signal transformation circuit 52, memory (including RAM 42 and ROM 44), a stator and housing temperature transformation circuit 54, a rotor temperature transformation circuit 56 and a second comparator circuit 58. FIG. 3 illustrates the flow of the various signals, or digital values, between these parts of control circuit 22. As discussed above, signals Ia, Ib, Ic, representative of the phase currents in conductors 34, 36 and 38, are received at control circuit 22 and converted to digital values by analog-to-digital converter 40. Comparator circuit 50 compares these values and selects the highest among them for each sampling interval. From these sampled current values, current signal transformation circuit 52 generates a processed current signal I, which is stored in memory 42, 44. This value I is in turn applied, along with other values stored in the memory, to transformation circuits, including stator and housing temperature transformation circuit 54 and rotor temperature transformation circuit 56. As will be discussed below, these circuits are configured to generate signals Th, Ts, Tr representative of the temperatures of the motor housing, stator winding and rotor respectively. The stator winding, housing and rotor temperature signals are stored in memory and applied, along with reference temperatures Tsref, Thref and Tref for the stator winding, housing and rotor respectively, to comparator circuit 58. When the temperature signals and the reference temperature signals satisfy a predetermined relationship (e.g. the reference temperature is exceeded by the estimated temperature), comparator circuit 58 is configured to generate a control signal.
In the present embodiment the values for the thermal resistance Rr and the thermal capacitance Cr of the rotor may be determined by two alternative methods. Both of these methods rely upon the relationship between the thermal resistance Rr, the thermal capacitance Cr and the thermal time constant τ of the rotor, expressed as:
τ=Rr ŚCr (1)
Moreover, based upon testing of a large number of induction motors, it has been determined that the rotor thermal time constant τ for the a particular motor is related to the cold stall time tcs. By convention, cold stall time tcs represents the time required for the rotor temperature Tr to reach 300° C. above the ambient temperature (generally assumed to be 40° C.) under stall or locked rotor conditions. The determined relationship between the rotor thermal time constant τ and the cold stall time tcs may be expressed by the relationship: ##EQU1##
The first method for determining Rr and Cr assumes a default value for the cold stall time tcs based upon the type of motor being modeled. At present, these default values are 20 s for totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) motors, and 10 s for open drip proof (ODP) motors. These default values for tcs are based upon generally accepted cold stall time values for the types of motor involved, reduced by a safety factor. Other default values could of course be used. TEFC motors are assumed to include totally enclosed fan cooled explosion proof and totally enclosed air-to-air cooled (TEAAC) models. ODP motors include drip proof weather protected (WP-1), weather protected II (WP-2), and totally enclosed water-to-air cooled (TEWAC) models.
The second method for determining Rr and Cr requires that the cold stall time be supplied for the particular motor being modeled. Where manufactures provide such information on the nameplate of the motor, or can supply such information upon request, this method is generally preferable. Where such information is not available, the default values are used. Where the actual cold stall time tcs for motor 30 is used, and time constant τ is determined in accordance with equation (2), the thermal resistance and capacitance of the rotor, Rr and Cr, can be determined as discussed below. Where a locked rotor (or stall, or starting) current Ilr of 6 times the full load current Iflc is assumed, the resulting values or Rr and Cr used in the present thermal model cause the modeled rotor temperature Tr to reach the level of 300° C. above ambient temperature in exactly the cold stall time.
Although the thermal time constant is considered a physical constant dependant upon physical properties of the rotor, the values for Rr and Cr are different depending upon the phase of operation of the motor. In particular, the thermal resistance of the rotor increases substantially under locked rotor conditions due to the deep bar effect of induced current in the rotor resulting from slippage. This deep bar effect may be expressed as a factor αd, by which the rotor thermal resistance increases due to rotor slip, and may be determined from the relationship: ##EQU2## wherein D is the depth of the rotor bars, SWR is a ratio of the bar width to the slot width (a constant equal to 0.93 for copper and 1.0 for aluminum), f is the line frequency (e.g. 60 Hz), slip is the rotor slip expressed in percent (equal to unity in locked rotor conditions), and Rhob is a bar resistivity factor (a constant equal to 1 for copper and 1.8 for aluminum). Thus, for a given rotor of known construction, the value of αd is a constant. By way of example, for a rotor having embedded bars at a depth of 1.5 inches, and copper windings, the value of αd will be equal to 4.07 in locked rotor conditions.
In the present embodiment, because the rotor temperature is known to stabilize at a known temperature above ambient in normal running conditions, the value of Rr under running conditions, expressed Rrrun, is assumed to be constant and proportional to that stable temperature. Thus, for TEFC motors Rrrun is assigned the value 50 (TEFC motors stabilizing at 50° C. above ambient) and for ODP motors Rrrun is assigned the value 35 (ODP motors stabilizing at 35° C. above ambient). Based upon these values, the values of the Rr for TEFC and ODP motors under locked rotor conditions, expressed Rrlrc, may be determined from the relationship:
Rrlrc =αd Rrrun (4)
where αd is the value of the deep bar factor determined by equation (3).
Using these values of Rrrun and Rrlrc, corresponding values of the rotor thermal capacitance Cr under normal running conditions, expressed Crrun, and in locked rotor conditions, expressed Crlrc, may be determined as follows:
Crlrc =τ/Rrlrc (5)
Crrun =τRrrun (6)
where τ is the rotor thermal time constant determined from equation (2). The values thus obtained for Rrrun, Rrlrc, Crrun and Crlrc are utilized in the preferred embodiment as will be discussed below.
In the present embodiment, prior to or upon installation of the apparatus 10, certain known parameters related to the motor being modeled are stored in ROM 44 of the control circuit 22. These parameters include the values of the thermal resistances and capacitances of the stator winding and housing, Rs, Cs, Rh and Ch respectively, the values of the correction factors k1 and k2, reference maximum temperatures for the stator, housing and rotor, Tsref, Thref and Tref, the rated full load current Iflc and the locked rotor current Ilr of motor 30, and the overload class OLC of motor 30. Furthermore, control circuit 22 may be configured to generate values of the thermal resistance and capacitance, Rrrun, Rrlrc, Crrun and Crlrc, in which case parameters required for determining these values, such as the motor type and the cold stall time (if known), are also stored in ROM 44. Alternatively, the values of the rotor thermal resistance and capacitance may be predetermined by the equations discussed above, and those values stored in ROM 44. In the present embodiment, depending upon whether the rotor thermal parameters are provided in memory or are generated by control circuit 22, either these parameters or the values required for their calculation are applied to rotor temperature transformation circuit 56 from memory 42, 44 as shown in FIG. 3.
In operation, control circuit 22 continuously samples the phase currents in conductors 34, 36 and 38 to generate the processed current signal I. Based upon this processed current signal and upon the values stored in ROM 44, circuits 54 and 56 are configured to generate continuously, signals representative of the stator winding temperature Ts, the housing temperature Th, and the rotor temperature Tr. The conversions involved in generating these signals are preferably performed iteratively based upon the following relationships: ##EQU3##
Ts(n) =Ts(n-1) +[(Po(n-1) -P1(n-1))Δt]/cs (8)
P1(n) =(Ts(n) -k1 Th(n-1))/Rs (9)
PP(n) =(k2 Ts(n) -Th(n-1))/Rs (10)
P2(n) =Th(n) /Rh (11)
Th(n) =Th(n-1) +[(Pp(n) -P2(n-1)) Δt]/Ch (12)
Tr(n) =Tr(n-1) +[(Po(n) -Pr(n-1)) Δt]/Cr (13)
Pr(n) =Tr(n) /Rr (14)
where Δt is the iterative time step, the subscript (n) represents the value of the indicated parameter during the current iterative step, and the subscript (n-1) represents the value of the indicated parameter during the previous iterative step.
In the present embodiment the foregoing signal processing functions are performed by control circuit 22 as depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B. These functions may be conveniently illustrated as occurring in a startup sequence 60 and a running sequence 62. The startup sequence 60 begins at block 64 with the starting of motor 30, for example by depressing a start button (not shown). At decision block 66, the time elapsed since the start, t, is compared with a reference time tref, this reference time being stored in ROM 44 and selected to correspond to the time required for the current into motor 30 to decline from the initial inrush current. Only after this initial inrush period may control circuit 22 progress to block 68. At block 68 the values for the rotor thermal resistance and capacitance, Rr and Cr, are set to their locked rotor values Rrlrc and Crlrc respectively. Where these locked rotor values are not stored in ROM 44, these values may be generated at block 68 as discussed above. Also at block 68, register n is initialized at 0, and a counter register is set at a value representing a maximum number of iterative steps nmax corresponding the rated time required for motor 30 to reach running speed. The value assigned to nmax is determined from the iterative time step Δt and the overload class OLC of motor 30 (stored in ROM 44) according to the following relationship: ##EQU4##
At block 70, the processed current value I is read by circuit 54, and at block 72 signals (digital values) representative of the stator temperature Ts, housing temperature Th and rotor temperature Tr are generated from iterative equations (7) through (14) by circuits 54 and 56. The stator, housing and rotor temperature signals are compared with reference maximum temperatures signals Tsref, Thref and Trref (values stored in ROM 44) at block 74 and, if either of the temperature signals exceeds the corresponding reference temperature signal, comparator circuit 58 generates a control signal to stop motor 30, as indicated at block 76, such as by applying the control signal to contactor interface 24 to open contactor 28. The control signal resulting from the comparison at block 74 may also be applied to a visual indicator 26, such as an LED display, to provide a warning that a thermal overload is occurring. If none of the temperature signals exceeds the respective reference temperature signal, the control circuit 22 proceeds to block 78, at which the value of register n is compared to nmax. If n is less than nmax, n is incremented by 1 at block 80 and control circuit 22 cycles back to block 70. When n becomes equal to nmax, control circuit 22 proceeds to block 82 at which the value of I is compared to a value equal to 0.9 times the locked rotor current Ilr (stored in ROM 44). If the value of I is equal to or greater than 0.9 times Ilr the control circuit returns to block 70. Block 82 causes the control circuit 22 to remain in the startup sequence 60, with Rr and Cr equal to their locked rotor values, until the current drops below 0.9 times Ilr, indicating that the motor is effectively running. When this condition is met, control circuit 22 enters into running sequence 62.
In the running sequence 62, Rr and Cr are set at their respective running values Rrrun and Crrun at block 84. The latter values are either stored in ROM 44 or are generated by control circuit 22 as discussed above. At block 86, the value of I is read and at block 88 signals representative of stator temperature Ts, housing temperature Th, and rotor temperature Tr are generated by use of iterative equations (7) through (14) as before. At block 90 the stator, housing and rotor temperature signals are compared to the reference temperature signals in comparator circuit 58 and, as in the startup sequence, when one of these temperature signals exceeds the corresponding reference maximum temperature signal, a control signal is produced by control circuit 22 to interrupt current to motor 30 as indicated at block 92, such as by applying the control signal to contactor interface 24 to open contactor 28. Also as in the startup sequence, a control signal may be produced at block 90 and applied to a visual indicator 26. As long as none of the temperature signals exceeds the corresponding reference maximum temperature signal, control circuit 22 cycles through blocks 86, 88 and 90 during running of motor 30.
In the present embodiment, control circuit 22 is configured to continue the iterative generation of temperature signals whether motor 30 is running or stopped. When motor 30 is stopped, the values of Rr and Cr utilized in the iterative processing are the running values. This continued modeling by control circuit 22 enables temperature signals to be generated that effectively trace the cooling of the stator, housing and rotor while motor 30 is stopped. In this way, continuous estimates of these temperatures may be obtained. This is particularly helpful in modeling temperatures in cases where motor 30 is repetitively started and stopped, as such situations may lead to overheating, particularly of the rotor.
By way of example, FIG. 5 graphically illustrates rotor and stator temperature changes during startup of a motor as modeled in accordance with the present embodiment. In FIG. 5, the motor is started but stalls for 10 seconds before the rotor temperature rises to level in excess of the maximum allowable temperature. At this point current to the motor is interrupted and both the rotor temperature and the stator temperature decline to within the acceptable ranges.
FIG. 6 illustrates a different scenario, in which a motor is repeatedly started and stopped. Because control circuit 22 generates temperature signals continuously, including during periods in which the motor is stopped, successive temperature rises due to successive starts are effectively modeled. As shown in FIG. 6, such successive starting can result in overheating of the rotor and/or stator. In the present embodiment, once a maximum allowable temperature of either the rotor or stator has been exceeded, subsequent starting can occur only after both temperatures have declined to within acceptable bounds.
While the foregoing discussion of the present invention has dealt particularly with the thermal model and its implementation, it should be understood that the thermal protection apparatus 10 may be configured to carry out various other functions without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, various input and output devices could be used in conjunction with control circuit 22 to provide access to signals generated by control circuit 22 for informational or diagnostic purposes. Moreover, while in the present embodiment control circuit 22 is included in a digital processor, various analog devices, or hybrid analog/digital arrangements might become apparent to those skilled in the art for implementing the thermal protection discussed herein. By way of further modification, apparatus 10 may be configured to control and protect single-phase motors.
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|U.S. Classification||361/23, 361/33, 361/25, 361/31|
|International Classification||H02H6/00, H02H7/085|
|Cooperative Classification||H02H6/005, H02H7/085|
|May 12, 1994||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION, INC., GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FARAG, SAMIR F.;REEL/FRAME:007002/0250
Effective date: 19940511
|Dec 13, 1999||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 9, 2003||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 13, 2007||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12
|May 18, 2010||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: SIEMENS INDUSTRY, INC.,GEORGIA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS ENERGY AND AUTOMATION AND SIEMENS BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024411/0223
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NVIDIA introduces new GeForce GTX TITAN graphics card
Feb 26, 2013 (Datamonitor via COMTEX) --
NVIDIA Corporation, which is engaged in creating graphics chips used in personal computers, has introduced the new GeForce GTX TITAN graphics card.
The new GTX TITAN is built with the same NVIDIA Kepler architecture that powers Oak Ridge National Laboratory's newly launched Titan supercomputer. By harnessing the power of 3 GeForce GTX TITAN GPUs simultaneously in 3-way SLI mode, gamers can max out every visual setting without fear of a meltdown while playing any of the most demanding PC gaming titles, the company said.
With its advanced thermal and acoustic characteristics, GeForce GTX TITAN is also perfect for powering the new wave of small form-factor gaming PCs. So gamers no longer have to make the choice between performance and size - they can have both at the same time, the company added.
The GeForce GTX TITAN GPU will be available starting on February 25, 2013 from NVIDIA's add-in card partners, including ASUS and EVGA in North America, and additional partners, including Colorful, Galaxy, Gigabyte, INNO 3D, MSI, Palit and Zotac outside the US. Partner participation will vary by region, the company concluded.
"GeForce GTX TITAN is a beast of a GPU - and the only one in the world powerful enough to play any game at any resolution at any time," said Scott Herkelman, general manager of the GeForce business unit at NVIDIA.
"And yet, all of this immense power is housed in a sleek, sexy design, so gamers can also build beautifully-designed PC gaming machines about the size of a gaming console, yet magnitudes more powerful and always upgradeable."
Republication or redistribution, including by framing or similar means,
is expressly prohibited without prior written consent. Datamonitor shall
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View of Gournia from the East
The archaeological site of Gournia sits on the north coast of the Isthmus of Ierapetra in East Crete. Possessing some 50 well-preserved houses, a system of cobbled streets, a central court, a Minoan palace, and cemetery, Gournia gives the visitor the best picture of what a Late Bronze Age (1500 B.C.) town looked like. Gournia was a regional production center of bronze tools and weapons, domestic objects, and pottery and stone vases, an active trade emporium with overseas connections to other parts of the Aegean and the Near East, and the palatial administrative center for the Mirabello region. Its harbor complex consists of a monumental shipshed, fortification walls with towers, a riverside dam, and a cobbled street running from the coast to Town.
Dug first during 1901–1904, the site was under excavation again (2010–2014) by the University at Buffalo in New York, with participants from the Pacific, the United States and Canada, and Europe. For project pictures, click here. Please check out the May/June 2015 issue of Archaeology Magazine for an article, "The Minoans of Crete," by Jarrett A. Lobell about the site and latest excavations.
The final excavation season was in June-July 2014; project study seasons will be in the summers of 2015-2017. Dates for the 2017 season are June 12-July 22, 2017. We may be looking for personnel for the 2017 season. Please click here for further information. If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact us.
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Union Home Minister Amit Shah on Tuesday reached Karnal in Haryana to attend a Program to present the president’s colour award to the Haryana police.
Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Amit Shah presented President’s Colour to Haryana Police at Haryana Police Academy in Karnal today on behalf of President Droupadi Murmu in recognition of the Haryana Police’s exceptional service. Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar was also present.
“It is a big day for the Haryana Police as the President’s Colour award will be presented to it at the Haryana Police Academy in Karnal,” Shah said in a tweet on Monday.
In a day-long visit to Haryana on Tuesday, Union Home and Cooperative Minister Amit Shah is scheduled to inaugurate various projects of the state cooperative department.
In the afternoon, Shah will inaugurate various projects of the Haryana Cooperative Department at an event organised at Haryana Cooperative Export House (HAFED) in Karnal around 2:30 pm.
The President’s Colour is a special flag given to a military, paramilitary or police unit as a mark of recognition for its services which replica of the flag presented to the unit can be worn as an insignia by all officers and ranks of the force on their uniform.
At first, Uttar Pradesh Police received the award in 1952 from then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
Later in 1954, the Delhi Police received the award from former president Rajendra Prasad. Maharashtra Police received the award in 1961 while Jammu and Kashmir Police received it in 2003.
Tamil Nadu Police received it in 2009, Tripura Police in 2012 and Gujarat Police in 2019.
Himachal Pradesh Police received the award in 2021 while Assam Police in 2022.
Haryana will see Assembly polls next year, months after the Lok Sabha elections in April-May 2024. The BJP will face the polls after two terms in power.
In 2014, the party came to power with an absolute majority (47 of 90 seats). However, five years later, it could secure barely 40 seats and had to enter into a post-poll alliance with Dushyant Chautala-led Jannayak Janta Party (JJP).
Currently, the BJP has all 10 Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat in the state, while the Congress has one Rajya Sabha seat. BJP-backed Independent Kartikeya Sharma is the third one who made it to Rajya Sabha in June 2022.