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Identification of Genetic Variants in Endothelial Lipase in Persons With Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Background— Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and variation in HDL-C levels has been shown to be ≈50% heritable. Overexpression of endothelial lipase (EL), a member of the lipoprotein lipase gene family, markedly reduces HDL-C levels in mouse models. We hypothesized that genetic variation in EL might be associated with elevated HDL-C.
Methods and Results— All exons and 1.2 kilobase of promoter of the EL gene were sequenced in 20 unrelated human subjects with high HDL-C levels. A total of 17 variants were identified. Six of these were potentially functional and were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis. Four variants result in amino acid changes (Gly26Ser, Thr111Ile, Thr298Ser, and Asn396Ser,) and 2 variants were in the promoter (−303A/C and −410C/G). The genotype frequencies of each variant were determined in 176 black controls, 165 white controls, and 123 whites with high HDL-C. The Thr111Ile variant was the most common, with an allele frequency of 10.3% in blacks, 31.2% in white controls, and 32.6% in the high HDL-C group. The remaining variants all had allele frequencies <5.0% but differed in frequency among the 3 groups. Interestingly, Gly26Ser, Thr298Ser, and −303A/C were found in the black and high HDL-C white cohorts but were absent in the control white group.
Conclusions— Six new potentially functional variants in EL were discovered through sequencing of the EL gene in subjects with high HDL-C levels. Differences in allele frequencies exist between blacks and whites and between control subjects and those with high HDL-C levels.
Received April 5, 2002; revision received June 14, 2002; accepted June 17, 2002.
The roles of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) in lipoprotein metabolism are well established. Synthesized predominantly in adipose and skeletal muscle, LPL is active on the endothelial surface, where it hydrolyzes lipoprotein triglycerides.1 HL is expressed mainly by hepatocytes and functions on the hepatic endothelial surface, where it catalyzes the hydrolysis of both triglyceride and phospholipid in lipoproteins.2 Endothelial lipase (EL) is the most recently discovered member of the LPL, or triglyceride (TG) lipase, gene family. Cloned independently by 2 groups using distinct methods,3,4⇓ the EL gene spans 10 exons and 9 introns and encodes a polypeptide of 500 amino acids. The EL cDNA is 45% homologous to LPL and 40% to HL. Many of the regulatory domains found in LPL and HL, such as the lipoprotein and heparin-binding domains, are highly conserved in EL.5 Unlike LPL and HL, EL is synthesized by endothelial cells and primarily acts as a phospholipase.6
Whereas LPL activity indirectly influences the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels,7 HL directly modulates the metabolism of HDL in vivo by converting larger HDL to smaller HDL.2 Because EL acts predominantly as a phospholipase and the phospholipid content of HDL is a major factor in determining apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) conformation8 and HDL function,9–11⇓⇓ we hypothesized that HDL might be a major substrate for EL. We showed that HDL is an excellent and preferred substrate for EL ex vivo.6 Furthermore, we demonstrated that HDL-C and apoA-I levels were markedly reduced in mice injected with an adenoviral vector encoding human EL.3 These results suggested that EL may play a central role in HDL metabolism.
At least 50% of the variation in HDL-C is genetically determined.12,13⇓ Genetic diversity at both the LPL and HL loci has been shown to be a source of variation in HDL-C levels.14–16⇓⇓ Three common missense mutations in LPL (D9N, N291S, and S447X) have been shown to be associated with variation in HDL-C in a variety of populations.17–19⇓⇓ Missense mutations have been identified in patients with HL deficiency, a disorder characterized by elevated HDL-C levels.20,21⇓ A common haplotype in the HL gene comprising 4 variants in the HL promoter was reported to account for some of the variation in HDL-C levels in nuclear families.16 Studies of this haplotype have shown that the less common allele is associated with lower HL activity and higher HDL-C levels in whites22,23⇓ and higher HDL2-C levels in blacks,24 although not all studies have demonstrated an association with HDL-C levels.25 The frequency of this haplotype is more common in blacks, possibly accounting for (at least in part) the higher HDL-C levels seen in this population.26
The phenotype of elevated HDL-C is often dominantly inherited,27 but the molecular pathogenesis in most subjects is unknown. Only homozygous deficiency of HL or of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)28 has been shown to cause genetic high HDL-C, and both are recessive conditions. Given that EL has high homology to LPL and HL, has the ability to hydrolyze HDL lipids ex vivo, and results in markedly reduced HDL-C levels in in vivo mouse models, we hypothesized that functional polymorphisms and mutations in EL that result in reduced function might contribute to the phenotype of elevated HDL-C. We therefore sequenced all exons and 1200 bp of the promoter of the EL gene in 20 unrelated individuals with HDL-C levels greater than the 90th percentile for their age, sex, and race in an attempt to identify variation at the EL locus. Here, we report the identification of 17 polymorphic sites in EL. The frequencies of 6 potentially functional variants, 4 of which cause amino acid substitutions and 2 of which occur in the promoter, were then determined in 176 black control subjects, 165 white control subjects, and 123 white subjects with HDL-C levels greater than the 90th percentile.
Ascertainment of Subjects
Individuals with elevated HDL-C levels (defined as HDL-C greater than the 90th percentile for age, sex, and race) were recruited to participate via referral from physicians. After providing informed consent, study subjects were asked to complete a brief questionnaire and have blood drawn. From a larger cohort, a group of 12 whites and 8 blacks were selected for sequencing of the EL gene; preference was given to subjects for whom a family member was also known to have an elevated HDL-C level. Genotyping was performed on 123 unrelated white subjects from the same high HDL-C cohort; the 20 subjects used for sequencing analysis were excluded from this frequency analysis. We also ascertained a cohort of healthy black subjects through a community-based protocol and a cohort of healthy white subjects through a protocol based on a family history of premature coronary disease.29 All protocols were approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board, and each study subject gave written informed consent.
Identification and Confirmation of EL Variants and Determination of the Allele Frequencies
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for each exon were selected in intronic sequence at least 50 base pairs away from the intron/exon boundaries. The promoter region was amplified using a forward primer located 1200 bps upstream from the transcription start site and a reverse primer located in intron 1 (Table 1). Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes using Nucleon extraction and purification protocols (Amersham). PCR reactions containing 200 ng of DNA template, 1 μL of each 10 μmol/L primer solution, 200 μmol/L of each dNTP, 1.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 10 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH 9.0, 50 mmol/L KCl, and 1.5 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Ready-to-Go PCR Beads, Amersham) were amplified in a final volume of 25 μL while undergoing denaturation at 95° C for 5 minutes, followed by 35 cycles (95° C for 1 minute, 61.5° C for 30 seconds, and 72° C for 1 minute), and an extension at 72° C for 2 minutes. PCR products were run on a 2% agarose gel, and the appropriate bands were excised and then purified using the Qiaex II Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen). Purified PCR products were submitted with the appropriate sequencing primer (Table 1) to the DNA Sequencing Facility and underwent automated cycle sequencing on an ABI sequencer using Big Dye (Applied Biosystems) terminator chemistry. Sequences were aligned using Mac Vector (Accelrys) software, and chromatograms were viewed using the Edit View program. Allelic variations noted from multiple alignments were verified by inspecting chromatograms.
Of the 17 variants detected, 6 were considered potentially functional and were selected for verification by restriction analysis. Four of the variants resulted in a change in a restriction site, and 4 conventional restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were developed to validate these variants (Table 2). In the other 2 cases, modified PCR-RFLP assays were designed.30 The annealing temperature for each assay was 61.5° C, whereas for the Asn396Ser assay it was 63.5° C. RFLP protocols were carried out using the standard buffers included with the enzymes. All digestions took place at 37° C for 2 hours in a thermal cycler, with the exception of the −303A/C and the Thr111Ile variants, which were digested overnight in a 37° C water bath. Total digestion volumes were 10.0 μL and included 5.0 μL of PCR product. Digested products were resolved by electrophoresis in 2% agarose gels. The 6 RFLP assays developed to confirm the EL variants were used for genotyping analysis of the 3 cohorts to determine the allele frequencies in these cohorts.
Statistical Analysis and Database Searches
The allele frequencies were estimated using a chromosome counting method. Comparisons in frequency between the 2 races and the white control and high HDL-C groups were performed using a χ2 test or a Fisher’s exact test (when appropriate). If a rare allele frequency was found to be greater than 0.3, then lipid results were compared using ANOVA or t test as appropriate.
In silico searches were done at the web sites of The SNP Consortium (TSC)31 and via the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s database SNP (dbSNP)32 to determine if any polymorphic sites identified through our sequencing matched those found in TSC or dbSNP.
After sequencing all 10 EL exons and 1200 bp of the EL promoter in 20 unrelated subjects with high HDL-C, we identified 17 polymorphic sites (Table 3). Four of these sites resulted in amino acid changes and 2 were located in the promoter. Of these 6, the exon 3, Thr111Ile mutation is common and seems to be in linkage disequilibrium with 4 other polymorphic sites. Two silent variants were found in exon 1 (codons 4 and 21). Of the 20 subjects sequenced, the same 3 were heterozygous at both sites, suggesting linkage disequilibrium. Four of the final 5 variants were identified in intronic sequence within 100 to 200 bps of the intron/exon boundaries. The final variant, identified in the 3′ untranslated region, seems to be in linkage disequilibrium with the SNP in intron 8. Only 5 of the 17 variants we identified were seen in silico: Ser4Ser (TSC0205007), Ser21Ser (TSC0205008), the intron 2 site (TSC0921156), the exon 3 Thr111Ile (TSC0921157), and the intron 4 site (TSC0374540).
We selected 6 variants on the basis of their potential to be functional (the 4 variants that result in amino acid changes and the 2 promoter sites) and confirmed them by RFLP analysis. The same RFLP assays were used to determine the frequency of each of the variants in the black, white, and high HDL-C cohorts. The characteristics of these groups are shown in Table 4, with corresponding genotype results in Table 5. All 6 variant alleles were confirmed to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each of the 3 cohorts.
The most common variant is Thr111Ile in exon 3. In the original sequencing group, this variant was found in 14 of 40 alleles. Genotyping of the control white cohort revealed a rare allele frequency of 31.2%. In contrast, this variant was much less common in the black cohort, occurring at a frequency of 10.3% (χ2=48.3, P<0.0001). An ANOVA comparing differences in HDL-C levels among the 3 genotypes in the 2 control populations did not demonstrate an association. Our sequencing data indicated that this variant is in linkage disequilibrium with 4 other polymorphic sites, 1 of which is located in the 5′ untranslated region, 2 of which are located in intron 1, and 1 of which is located in intron 4 (Table 3).
In our original high HDL-C sequencing group, 2 different black high HDL-C subjects were found to be heterozygous for variants in exon 1 (Gly26Ser) and exon 6 (Thr298Ser), and another black subject was found to have a promoter variant located at −303 (−303A/C) bp from the EL transcription start site. Our genotyping data revealed that all 3 of these variants occurred in the black control cohort, with allele frequencies of 5.7%, 2.3%, and 1.8%, respectively. These 3 variants were completely absent in the white control population (see Table 5 for χ2 results).
The final 2 variants, an exon 8 (Asn396Ser) missense mutation and a promoter variant located at −410 (−410C/G) bp from the transcription start site, were initially identified in 2 different high HDL-C white subjects. The Asn369Ser variant, though rare in both racial groups, was more common in the white (1.2%) than in the black group (0.6%). The −410C/G promoter variant was found in only 1 subject in the white control population, and was absent in the black control cohort.
We genotyped each of these 6 EL variants in 123 unrelated high HDL-C white subjects and compared the rare allele frequencies to those found in the control white population (Table 5). No significant difference was found in the frequency of the common Thr111Ile SNP. Interestingly, although no subjects in the control white cohort were found to have the Gly26Ser, Thr298Ser, and −303A/C variants, all of these variants were observed in the high HDL-C white cohort, though at allele frequencies less than 1%. The allele frequency of the Asn396Ser variant was higher in the high HDL-C group (2.4%) compared with the white controls (1.2%). The −410C/G promoter variant, although initially identified through sequencing in a white subject with high HDL-C, was not seen in any additional members of the high HDL-C cohort.
On the basis of our data that HDL is a physiological substrate for EL,3,6⇓ we hypothesized that genetic variation in EL may contribute to the phenotype of high HDL-C in humans. We sequenced all 10 EL exons and 1.2 kb of the EL promoter in 20 subjects with high HDL-C and identified 17 variants. This represents the first report of mutations and polymorphisms in the human EL gene. Six of these variants were considered potentially functional. Four of them result in amino acid substitutions and 2 are located in the promoter. One variant, Thr111Ile, is common in whites (31.2%) but much less common in blacks (10.3%). We found no significant differences in HDL-C levels in carriers of this variant and no significant difference in the allele frequency between the white high HDL-C cohort and the white control cohort, but larger association studies will be required. Our sequencing results demonstrate that this SNP is in linkage disequilibrium with 4 other SNPs that we found.
Three variants (Gly26Ser, Thr298Ser, and −303A/C) found on sequencing high HDL-C subjects (each once) were also found in the unrelated cohort of 123 whites ascertained on the basis of high HDL-C levels, but none of these variants were found in a control cohort of 165 whites. These findings suggest that these 3 variants could contribute to the phenotype of high HDL-C. These 3 variants occurred with frequencies of 1% to 5% in blacks, suggesting that these variants could conceivably contribute to the higher HDL-C levels in blacks compared with whites. The Asn396Ser variant was also more common in the white high HDL-C group (2.4%) compared with the white controls (1.2%). The −410C/G variant was the rarest of the 6. It was identified in 1 white subject with high HDL-C that was sequenced and in only 1 other subject from the control white population.
The 4 variants that result in amino acid substitutions are potentially functional. Whereas Thr298Ser is a relatively conservative amino acid change, both Gly26Ser and Thr111Ile are less conservative, involving the addition and subtraction of an −OH group, respectively. Finally, Asn396Ser is a nonconservative substitution and occurs in an area of sequence homology to LPL and HL where functional mutations have been reported.20,33⇓ Further studies will be required to determine whether these amino acid substitutions influence enzymatic activity. The 2 promoter variants are also potentially functional. A common HL SNP that is associated with HDL-C levels, the −514 C/T variant, is located in the HL promoter. The rare “T” allele is associated with a 30% decrease in HL TG lipase activity in comparison to the common “C” allele.34 The remaining polymorphic sites, the 2 silent mutations, the 4 common intronic SNPs, and 3′UTR variant may be of use in future studies as markers for potential functional variants.
The physiological importance of HDL as a mediator of cholesterol homeostasis and reverse cholesterol transport is well established. Therefore, identification of genes that modulate HDL metabolism and of sequence variation in these genes is of substantial interest and importance. Genetic variation in both LPL35,36⇓ and HL22 has been extensively studied with regard to their associations with lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Although the role of EL in HDL metabolism is not yet fully understood, HDL seems to be a physiological substrate for EL.3,6⇓ The genetic variants in EL reported here suggest that genetic variation in EL may be related to the phenotype of high HDL-C. They will be valuable for association studies focused on addressing whether genetic variation in EL is associated with variation in plasma lipid levels and atherosclerosis in larger cohorts.
This work was supported by National Institute of Health grant HL55323 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, an Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association, and a Burroughs Wellcome Foundation Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research. The study was also supported in part by grant M01-RR00040 from the National Center for Research Resource supporting the University of Pennsylvania General Clinical Research Center. We thank Anna Lillethun, Linda Morrell, Manjula Kari, Joya Sahu, Sara Vartanian, Sarah Jahn, and Dawn Marchadier for technical assistance and Dr Jane M. Glick for helpful discussions.
- ↵Goldberg IJ. Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis: central roles in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. J Lipid Res. 1996; 37: 693–707.
- ↵Hirata K, Diechek HL, Cioffi JA, et al. Cloning of a unique lipase from endothelial cells extends the lipase gene family. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274: 14170–14175.
- ↵McCoy MG, Sun GS, Marchadier D, et al. Characterization of the lipolytic activity of endothelial lipase. J Lipid Res. 2002; 43: 921–929.
- ↵Blades B, Vega GL, Grundy SM. Activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in postheparin plasma of patients with low concentrations of HDL cholesterol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1993; 13: 1227–1235.
- ↵Sparks D, Phillips M, Lund-Katz S. The conformation of apolipoprotein A-I in discoidal and spherical recombinant high density lipoprotein particles: 13C NMR studies of lysine ionization behavior. J Biol Chem. 1992; 267: 25830–25838.
- ↵Bamberger M, Glick J, Rothblat G. Hepatic lipase stimulates the uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesterol by hepatoma cells. J Lipid Res. 1983; 24: 869–876.
- ↵Johnson WJ, Bamberger MJ, Latta RA, et al. The bidirectional flux of cholesterol between cells and lipoproteins. J Biol Chem. 1986; 261: 5766–5776.
- ↵Breslow JL. Familial disorders of high density lipoprotein metabolism.In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS,et al, eds. The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc; 1995: 2031–2052.
- ↵Guerra R, Wang J, Grundy MS, et al. A hepatic lipase (LIPC) allele associated with high plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94: 4532–4537.
- ↵Hegele R, Little JA, Vezina C, et al. Hepatic lipase deficiency: clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993; 13: 720–728.
- ↵Murtomaki S, Tahvanainen E, Antikainen M, et al. Hepatic lipase gene polymorphisms influence plasma HDL levels: results from Finnish EARS participants. European Atherosclerosis Research Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997; 17: 1879–1884.
- ↵Juo SH, Han Z, Smith JD, et al. Promoter polymorphisms of hepatic lipase gene influence HDL(2) but not HDL(3) in black men: CARDIA study. J Lipid Res. 2001; 42: 258–264.
- ↵Vega GL, Clark LT, Tang A, et al. Hepatic lipase activity is lower in black men than in white American men: effects of 5′ flanking polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC). J Lipid Res. 1998; 39: 228–232.
- ↵The SNP Consortium. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Biomedical Research. Available at: http://snp.cshl.org. Accessed June 27, 2002.
- ↵National Center for Biotechnology Information. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP. Accessed June 27, 2002.
- ↵Deeb SS, Peng R. The C-514T polymorphism in the human hepatic lipase gene promoter diminishes its activity. J Lipid Res. 2000; 41: 155–158.

domain: literature


text:
Cape Town - Bafana Bafana international Bongani Zungu has apologised for the "disrespectful" comments regarding Orlando Pirates after claiming Rhulani Mokwena was the "real boss" at the club.
As it happened: Polokwane City 1-2 Orlando Pirates
Zungu issued an apology on his Twitter account saying that he regrets and apologises to those who may have found his comments insensitive.
Cape Town City head coach Benni McCarthy slammed Zungu's comments towards both Pitso Mosimane and Sredojevic calling for him to show some respect.
Zungu in a series of tweets claimed that assistant coach, Mokwena, is the master-mind behind the scenes at the Buccaneers. After footage showed him dismissing head coach Milutin Sredojevic on the side-line.
In since deleted tweets, Zungu said: "Coach Rhulani has made Pirates a top team again! @coach_rulani you the boss."
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Holiday Magic for the Kids ,Decorating Cupcakes
United Arab Emirates, 14-20 December 2011 –
From 14th to 20th December, children were excited to take part in decorating their own Cinnabon Cupcake for Christmas in Dubai Marina Mall. They sprinkled and garnished, drizzled and sprayed, and created delightful looking cupcakes to take home. The children were overjoyed, excited, and had loads of fun, and at the end of the day, they were then presented with a certificate to congratulate them on their decorating talents.

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The Mixed Member Proportional or MMP system is used to elect representatives, so you have a vote both for a political party and a local representative. Although (as in the UK) there are two main political parties, the MMP system tends to result in some interesting coalition governments involving minority parties.
Once you are a permanent resident in New Zealand and have lived here for one year, and provided you are 18 years of age, you are required by law to register to vote. Your details are held on the Parliamentary Electoral Roll, and you need to keep your details updated when you move house. You are not however legally required to vote. For more information on registering to vote, voting and elections, see elections.org.nz.
For basic information on the political system in New Zealand, please see the parliament website. For more detailed information, try the Government Web Portal. This article was contributed by Jeremy Henderson from Broadbase International. Their UK website, www.broadbaseimmigration.co.uk, has a great range of up-to-date articles on life in New Zealand written especially for prospective migrants.


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Global Manufacturer Aiming For Perfect Chemistry Following Key Appointment
An innovative Yorkshire-based manufacturing business has marked its most successful trading year to date with a major strategic appointment.
Jack Proctor has joined CO2Sustain, developers of CO2Sustain®, a patented solution that helps makers of carbonated drinks keep the fizz in their products for longer.
Jack joins as sales and commercial director and has over 30 years’ multi sector experience in the food, beverage, colouring and flavourings industries having worked for some of the world’s leading manufacturers across these sectors.
His role will be to work closely with leading global soft drinks brands and manufacturers to solve carbonation issues, helping them to increase productivity, boost customer satisfaction with the end product, reduce waste and generate greater profits through production enhancing efficiencies.
Jack will be responsible for a renewed business focus on the UK drinks market following a recent period of prolonged growth. Longer term, his focus will be to grow the business by targeting major brands and manufacturers in the sector working closely with sustainability and new product development leads to highlight the environmental and product innovation benefits of CO2Sustain® as a groundbreaking product ingredient.
The UK soft drinks market saw almost continual growth between 2014 and 2020, with the only drop in market value seen in 2020 as a result of the COVID pandemic. As of 2020, the soft drinks market value amounted to over £13.6bn.
CO2Sustain is widely recognised as a beverage industry innovator. From its manufacturing base in Leeds, CO2Sustain’s team of technical innovations chemists pioneered the preservative-free, liquid processing aid which controls foaming in fizzy drinks (in addition to retaining CO2 content and extending carbonation shelf life), using an exclusive patented formulation.
CO2Sustain currently works with drinks brands and manufacturers across four continents and is active in 25 countries across Europe, Latin America, India, Africa, and the Middle East. Exports are growing at over 300 per cent annually and the business has built a new multifunctional workspace for its growing team of experts which features an in-house laboratory, state of the art industry equipment and a drinks bar for demonstration purposes.
Jack commented: “I’ve joined this business at a key time in its evolution and having a proven track record of helping to grow the businesses I’ve worked with previously, I’m relishing the opportunity of working with a product that is a true innovation in terms of the benefits it can deliver. I’ll be working with marketing and innovation decision makers in some of the world’s biggest brands helping them to solve the issues associated with carbonation which have impacted the soft drinks industry for many years."


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Vocalist and songwriter Gregory Porter is having a stellar 2012. Just right off the heels of his 2010 Grammy-Nominated debut recording “Water” on the Motema Records label, he’s back with his second release “Be Good.” Porter teamed up with legendary record producer Brian Bacchus for his new record in which the vocalist wrote 9 of the 12 songs on the disc. He continues to bring the rich tradition of male jazz vocalists of the past like Lou Rawls and Ernie Andrews by singing jazz standards like Nat Adderley’s “Work Song” and Billie Holliday’s “God Bless The Child” which he performs in his live set.
Over the last 18 months Gregory has risen to the top internationally performing on BBC’s Carol King and Friends at Christmas and Jools Holland’s show. He guest appear’s on producer/writer Mecco’s new disc “Beauty of the Night” and on Nicola Conte’s new album. Gregory performs every Sunday at Smoke Jazz and Supper Club in Harlem, New York when he’s not on tour. He’s even a guest performer with the Jazz at Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra.
Gregory is the best thing that’s happened to jazz and soul music since the mid-1990’s when the neo-soul music movement produced young music geniuses like Erykah Badu, Maxwell, and D’Angelo. Porter in the only person right now in music that takes music listeners to church, the fish fry, and gut bucket soul of great soul singers during the 1970’s. His songwriting really is personal and sincere like his 70’s soul heros like Donny Hathaway and Bill Withers. Gregory is the new music jazz vocal Messiah whose time is long overdue.
Gregory is about to go on tour in support of his latest Motema Records release “Be Good.” For upcoming tour dates or to order his latest disc, please visit him on the web at gregoryporter.com or motema.com.

domain: celebrity


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Faith came to us when some sweet teenage girls picked her up from a 'Free Puppy' box in a parking lot. They were told she is a terrier mix but she sure looks and acts Chihuahua. She was surrendered to the Rescue so we could help her find her a good home. Faith is a total sweetheart who loves to snuggle. She is a little nervous about new situations and people but warms up quickly. So far she is good about going for lap time with men, women and teens equally in her foster home (usually just goes to whoever has the softest blanket, Lol). She has been good with other dogs in the house too. She has started her vaccinations and has recently been spayed. Please message us today if you need this snuggle bug in your life.
West Richland, Washington 99353
We block people who post offensive messages. See a problem? REPORT NOWPlease ✔ check "Also post on Facebook" after typing a question or comment.


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Webcams - Spain
Spain, formally known as the Kingdom of Spain, is a transcontinental nation in Southern Europe, encompassing various territories, including the Canary Islands in Africa.
With a population of approximately 48,196,693 individuals as of April 1, 2023, Spain ranks as the 32nd most populous country worldwide.
Spain is an active member of the European Union and NATO. It covers a significant portion of the Iberian Peninsula, about 80% of it, along with the Canary and Balearic Islands. Its total land area, including small autonomous territories on the African coast, such as the cities of Ceuta and Melilla, amounts to 504,782 square kilometers. This makes Spain the fourth largest country in Europe, following Russia, Ukraine, and France.
Spain is administratively divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities.
Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

domain: geography


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Is there anybody love Final Fantasy cosplay at the same time love Final fantasy game? Tell me the true feeling about Final fantasy cosplay pictures?
Final Fantasy Tina cosplay
Final Fantasy Tifa cosplay
Final Fantasy lightning cosplay
By the way, all these cosplay costume can be found at: http://www.eshopcos.com/cosplay-costume/game-costume/final-fantasy

domain: entertainment


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Stopped here on the way to Copenhagen. We had a nice lunch, the food was great. Perfect to stop on the way to fill your stomach with some quality food.
1 - 10 of 29 reviews
This cafe looks like a regular city cafe with the standard club sandwich, burger and a Caesar salad. However, I was pleasantly surprised when I got the salmon salad with green onion cream. Very tasteful, great ingredients and a little out of the ordinary -...More
The Mokka Cafe offers a very nice lunch at reasonable prices. Located centrally next to the main walking street it 'hides' through a passage but it still easy to find. The atmosphere is quite relaxed, and the food quality is very nice - in fact...More
Best place in town to grab a beer and a well tasting meal. The staff is magnificent and the tone is very pleasent. Thumbs up from me............ will visit again and again.
cosy and good food, Nice and friendly staff, fast service. We ordered one ground beef burger and one chicken burger and both were great. Rather big portions. Relaxed place, good location. Would visit again
For lunch I ordered the fried fish with rye bread and a salad with warm smoked salmon. This ended up being far too much food but I really wanted some fresh veggies with my fish. The fish was fantastically crispy on the outside and moist/flakey...More

domain: food


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Born and raised in Dallas, Texas I am able to offer great insight on location and the surrounding areas. I am a proud Southern Methodist University Alumna, so don't be surprised if I use the phrase 'Pony Up' once or twice.
The National Association of REALTORS®
Texas Association of REALTORS®
MetroTex Association of REALTORS®
SMU Young Alumni
As a top-leasing consultant for the past year I have a great foundation and found I have a strong passion for buying and selling both commercial and residential real estate here in the greatest state on God's green earth.
1605 Le Mans LNSouthlake, TX 76092
825 Canal STIrving, TX 75063


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SIOUX CITY, Iowa (KTIV) -- While jobs are growing in the Dunes, Sioux City is holding programs to help the currently unemployed, get re-employed.
Throughout the summer Sioux City's Iowa Workforce Development bureau is offering three hour workshops, teaching people on unemployment how to find work.
The program starts when those benefits are about to run out, and focuses on how things like; resume's, proper interview etiquette, and where to look for a job.
Officials say they have classes running all summer long and so far the program has been successful.
"To put it in their words they usually say wow, I didn't realize it was this complicated or I didn't really they were looking for this type of information," says re-employment advisor Jean Holbrook .
The meetings are mandatory for those collecting benefits, but the group says they are open to anyone who want's to use them.
2929 Signal Hill Drive Sioux City, IA 51108
Switchboard: 712-239-4100 or 800-234-KTIV(5848)
News: (712) 226-5480
Fax: (712) 239-3025
News Tips: firstname.lastname@example.org


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Controversial and loudmouth Afia Schwar has urged her fans and Ghanaians to remember Moesha Boduong in their prayers after the actress dropped an odd apology message to Sandra Ankobiah on IG.
Last Tuesday, Moesha made it into the news once again with a slew of incoherent claims against Sandra Ankobiah who is a very respected slay queen because of her law degree
As asserted by Moesha Boduong, she and Sandra Ankobiah slept with men for money before she repented hence she wants Sandra to also give her life to Christ.
This yet to be confirmed deep secret from Moesha Boduong took over social trends within a twinkling.
Although, Sandra Ankobiah has refuted the claims that she sleeps with men for money but the majority of Ghana have refused to accept her rebuttal.
However, Afia Schwar who is very close to Moesha has forcefully dragged her name into the brouhaha.
According to her, all is spiritually not well with Moesha hence critics and trolls should take it easy on her.
Sharing a picture of Moesha on her IG page she captioned it as;
“Let’s continue to keep my friend, a “woman of God” in prayers…
Remember Jesus heals and he didn’t call anyone to embarrass them…
Ps: Dear bloggers pls be a lil sensitive n stop what u are doing…it can be anyone anytime.“


/ TitanHQ Blog
/ The Importance of Email Archiving in Cybersecurity and Incident Response
Posted by Geraldine Hunt on Wed, Dec 7th, 2022
The recent ransomware attack on Rackspace has significantly impacted email service for thousands of small to medium size businesses. Ransomware attacks are increasingly frequent increasing the importance of protecting your data and backups.
Backups are an essential step in disaster recovery, but archives are critical for incident response and investigations into a data breach. Both are important, but the two are often used interchangeable and misunderstood. Although they both preserve data, they are used differently in disaster recovery and should be performed separately to stay compliant and ensure investigations into an incident can be done effectively.
Email Archiving versus Backups
Most business owners are aware of the importance of backups, but they often go overlooked until they are truly needed. Backups are a component of compliance, so a plan is necessary to avoid penalties and fines. The frequency backups are performed depends on the business, but they must be created often enough to avoid data loss should the environment suffer from unforeseen downtime.
Email backups can be used to return an email server to its original state so that users do not lose access to critical messages. Archives work a bit differently. A backup is a copy of email messages, but an archive moves data from one location to another. Where data will remain on the server after a backup, an archive moves older messages to a safe storage location and removes them from the server. It’s a way to free up storage on the email server or in the cloud and keep a copy of messages when they are needed.
What is Email Archiving Used for in Data Privacy?
Archives are more than a simple data copy. They also contain metadata that can be used to organize records and search for specific messages during an investigation. It’s possible for a large enterprise organization to receive millions of messages a day, so an archive’s metadata lets storage systems index data for faster search results.
Compliance regulations require archives of messages, and it’s not uncommon for organizations to store archives for several years. They can take up large amounts of storage space, and they might seem unnecessary until they are needed after a compromise or data breach. Archives also provide a method of investigation allowing legal teams and law enforcement to gain access to email messages from past communications.
Audit trails are also a component in compliance, so many of these audit logs combined with email messages can be used to determine a vulnerability, including if the breach came from an insider threat. Usually, third-party software is necessary to perform searches and manage archive backups. The metadata is used to tag messages with specific words and phrases so that messages will be returned from relevant search queries.
Email archives are used in other investigations. If the organization is audited or a part of an ongoing litigation, the archives might be subpoenaed for court proceedings. Organizations might be required to keep archived messages for a set amount of time, so before deleting any archive files, it’s important to check with compliant regulations to ensure that they can be permanently removed from the system.
Benefits of Email Archiving
Using archiving software to create backups of your email messages has several benefits. They can be used in data loss prevention if backups fail or the backup files are corrupted. Archives are a copy of email data, so they can be used as failovers during disaster recovery. Having good email archives can speed up recovery, so it can save the organization money by reducing downtime after a compromise.
Most organizations store email archives in the cloud because they can take an extensive amount of storage space, especially as the organization grows and receives hundreds of thousands of email messages every day. Cloud storage is more affordable than housing storage infrastructure on-premises.
The PST files used to store email messages locally can be unreliable and don’t handle metadata well. Archiving reduces the overhead of storing standard PST files, especially when they must be used as backups. Instead of restoring entire PST files, the archives can be searched based on metadata to find specific messages and review them. It’s this advantage that makes archiving software solutions more convenient and effective for businesses.
Backups should not be completely replaced with archiving solutions, but these solutions will add a layer of security and data privacy to an organization that relies heavily on email messages for communications both internally and externally. Good solutions also organize archives and allow flexible tagging of indexed metadata, making searches faster when administrators must find specific messages based on various search queries such as date, sender, recipient, categories, departments, customer name, and business purpose.
Your overall security strategy must include email archiving and a great backup plan. You can never be 100% protected so resiliency and redundancy are key. Don’t wait until it’s too late and your business suffers.
ArcTitan Email archiving solution is Microsoft Office 365 integrated and is automated with lightning-fast email search speeds, easy to set up, and cost-friendly deployments. Your email data is always available, replicated, and secure. Take a closer look at ArcTitan email archiving today


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“If I buy a new apartment and design it perfectly, will you write about it on your blog like you did about Lana’s and Nikola’s apartment?” – asked Ana the other day.
“Well sure, but apartment doesn’t have to be new, nor designed perfectly, to be featured on our blog.”
“But I only have a few lovely corners in my current home, and the rest of the space is – meh.”
Now, you probably don’t know Ana, which is a shame – because she’s actually the most beautiful and the funniest girl, who occasionally makes a great point. You see, from the beginning of our blog adventure, we wanted upgradesign to be about both design and upgrades.
About home improvements, no matter how small.
And that’s exactly what we did a few weeks ago. Continue reading “3 ideas for pantry organization”
Well, these ‘green’ DIYs are becoming kind of our thing and we have to admit – WE LOVE IT. This one is a perfect table decoration piece and there’s also a great little story behind it.
A while ago, after we published our DIY Macrame plant hanger post, Alexandria from FTDbyDesign contacted us via e-mail saying she loved our post and provided us with their video tutorial to share in it (if we are interested). First of all, let us just mention how humbled we were because of her words – FTDbyDesign is such a wonderful team of floral and styling experts, and of course, we were interested – we know it’s a lot easier to make something while watching a video about it.
So, a few weeks ago she contacted us again with the most amazing suggestion ever – she sent us a link to their blog post/video tutorial about how to make a hanging centrepiece, and kindly asked us to share it on our blog. We still can’t quite believe that people from another side of the globe read our blog and, well, you probably can guess what our response was just by reading this post.
Not only we are happy to share it with you, but we were so amazed by it we decided to give it a try. To be honest, we saw more than a few amazing photos of this kind of centrepieces all over Instagram but always thought they are so hard to make. Guess we were wrong. Continue reading “DIY Hanging / Table Centrepiece”
You all know we are big fans of plants of all kind. We love them in amazing pots, wired and wooden plant stands, growing in a home garden and of course hanging from the ceiling.
A few months ago we showed you how to make a Macrame Plant Hanger and now, thanks to ProFlowers, we have a chance to show you how to make a Kokedama string garden.
Remember what we said the last time? Even if you’re not planning to remodel your apartment at this moment, maybe your plants can get a new place to stay.
This DIY is really easy, and not at all time-consuming, so let’s get down to business. Here’s the ProFlowers‘s Complete Guide to Making a Kokedama String Garden:
Kokedama is a Japanese gardening method where a plant’s roots are wrapped in moss, bound by string and suspended. The name comes from the Japanese koke, meaning “moss” and dama meaning “ball”. Although this art form is centuries old, it now takes on a more modern and minimalist form. Continue reading “DIY Kokedama string garden”
We can’t believe it’s been a year since we wrote our first blog post. Since we’re celebrating our 1st birthday (that’s actually tomorrow) we decided to make something and share it with you.
So we thought, even if you’re not planning to remodel your apartment at this moment, maybe your plants can get a new place to stay.
We LOVE macrame plant hangers and they are huge right now. We feel everyone’s posting macrame photos all over Instagram and we love every single one of them.
This DIY is really easy, but we won’t lie – it’s time-consuming. So, arm yourself with patience and start knotting, we promise at the end you’ll be really happy with your new plant hanger. Continue reading “DIY Macrame plant hanger”
If you are a fan of DIY and you LOVE Christmas time as much as we do, this is a perfect post for you. Today we will show you how to easily make a pop-up card. You might think: “Why on earth would I make a pop-up card when I can buy any card I want?” Well, we can’t argue that, but we can promise that you will be remembered as the queen/king of Christmas cards. Isn’t that what Christmas is all about? Continue reading “DIY Christmas pop-up cards”


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I found myself in a Kravitz craving this week so this really falls like a natural break today! I loved his music since forever, his way of insinuating that guitar under your skin and rock those dread locks of his early days.
Thanking you for this wonderful week, for your beautiful comments, I hope you have the most amazing weekend yet! (and thanks to Ellington for reminding me: Happy Thanksgiving! for those celebrating) Enjoy Lenny Kravitz If You Can’t Say No! (more after the jump!)
This must be my blue week of the year! Just look at the songs I’ve put together for this Friday Break! Still, I think Lenny was greater back in the days! Back when he was rocking his Rasta looks. Come to think of it: his redundant love, faith themes, spiced with models – stuffed videos make me think Lenny too is stuck back in the days.
Yes he’s upbeat and he’s got that rocker style, we could even work him up for the Men of Style column. But there’s something about Lenny that just doesn’t feel right. Or maybe I’m just having issues with the entertainment industry… Nevertheless, the man makes some beautiful music!
Getting back to “If You Can’t Say No”: I believe you recognized Milla Jovovich playing Lenny’s glamorous, glitzy, futuristic girlfriend. Even if it all reminds me of the first Resident Evil movie, I try to get my mind off gloomy things and computer games and concentrate on soul and rock’n’roll. If You can’t Say No was included on Lenny’s 1998 album “5” and it won an award for Best Art Direction. Even though this song is more on the trip side of pop, Lenny remained true to his sound and he still represents as a rock artist. Here comes another good ol’ Lenny with “Can’t get you off my mind” and right after, a James Brown-ish Lenny doing his thing with Diddy and Pharell in “Show me your soul”!


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Diego Simeone has signed a new contract with Atletico Madrid.
The Argentine coach is now tied to the Spanish champions until 2024.
As well as Simeone, members of his coaching staff Oscar Ortega, Pablo Vercellone, Nelson Vivas and Hernan Bonvinvini have all been tied to three-year deals.
The former Atletico took over as coach in 2011.
The eight trophies he has guided the club to is more than any coach in the Rojiblancos’ history has ever won.
During his spell in charge, Atletico have won La Liga, the Europa League and the UEFA Super Cup twice each as well as one Copa del Rey and a Supercopa de Espana.
They have also reached the Champions League final on two occasions.
Atletico head into the 2021-22 campaign looking to defend their La Liga title.
The capital club claimed the title on the last day of last season with a 2-1 win against Real Valladolid, finishing the campaign two points clear of local rivals Real Madrid.
Atletico kick off the new season on August 15 with an away game against Celta Vigo. They will then welcome Elche to the Wanda Metropolitano in their first home game of the season.


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Set instant pot to sauté and add oil to pot.
Lightly sauté the onions.
Add the pork and sear the sides.
Add your prepared broth and fish sauce.
Set the instant pot to manual for 16 minutes. Put the lid on, close the vent, and let it cook.
Add the potatoes. Set the instant pot to manual for another 4 minutes, let cook, and quick release again.
Add the bok choy. Replace the lid and just let it sit for 5 minutes.
Salt to taste.
Fat from the pork will float to the top. You can ladle this out now, or after you’ve refrigerated the leftovers (when it hardens) before reheating the soup.
Serve alone or with rice. (I like to add a heaping handful of spinach to my bowl too.)
You need at least a 6 quart or larger size Instant Pot for all ingredients to fit inside.
This recipe can be adjusted in several ways to suit your taste. For example, you can use a different cut of pork, use beef, add carrots or squash, or even small cobs of corn. A lot of people don’t love fish sauce, so you can substitute soy sauce. The broth I use is actually a powder form of bone broth, but feel free to use bouillon or prepared beef/chicken/vegetable broth instead. Use less salt or fish sauce to reduce sodium, omit potatoes to make it paleo or whole30 compliant... The possibilities are endless :-)
View line-by-line Nutrition Insights™: Discover which ingredients contribute the calories/sodium/etc.
|Serving Size: 1 Serving (136g)|
|Recipe Makes: 12 Servings|
|Calories from Fat: 209 (70%)|
|Amt Per Serving||% DV|
|Total Fat 23.2g||31 %|
|Saturated Fat 8g||40 %|
|Monounsaturated Fat 10.4g|
|Polyunsanturated Fat 2.5g|
|Cholesterol 80.5mg||25 %|
|Sodium 1294.6mg||45 %|
|Potassium 378mg||10 %|
|Total Carbohydrate 1.3g||0 %|
|Dietary Fiber 0.2g||1 %|
|Sugars, other 1.1g|
|Protein 19.6g||28 %|
Powered by: USDA Nutrition Database
Disclaimer: Nutrition facts are derived from linked ingredients (shown at left in colored bullets) and may or may not be complete. Always consult a licensed nutritionist or doctor if you have a nutrition-related medical condition.
Calories per serving: 297
Get detailed nutrition information, including item-by-item nutrition insights, so you can see where the calories, carbs, fat, sodium and more come from.
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DOMunder: Discover Utrecht underground
Welcome: Utrecht underground DOMunder
An underground discovery
Utrecht - Dom Square (Cathedral Square) is the oldest part of the city of Utrecht. Situated near the Rhine, the Romans built at the beginning of our era Castellum Trajectum to guard the Northern border of the Roman Empire. In later centuries several churches were resurrected on this spot until the present cathedral was built in 1254. During the centuries history left its traces layer by layer. In DOMunder you can discover all these traces from the past.
What is DOMunder?
DOMunder is a cross-section of 20 centuries of history 5 meters underground. You make a special journey through time from throwing bullets and remains of a Roman wall from 45 AD, via a medieval skeleton and the foundations of the collapsed central nave of the Dom to the lead water pipe that was installed at the end of the 19th century after a major cholera epidemic in Utrecht.
Treasure under the Dom Square
During the construction of DOMunder, a treasure with 44 precious ancient coins was also found. The gold and silver coins date from the early Middle Ages.
What do visitors say about DOMunder: Discover Utrecht underground?

domain: history


Jason Hamlin and DJ Lee started their musical history together as “a diversion from classes and worrying about student loans full time.” But by the end of their time at Union University, they adopted the name Scratch Track and took their highly-original, acoustic/soul sound on the road. Pretty soon they found themselves on bills with the likes of George Clinton, Los Lonely Boys and Jurassic 5 and winning over crowds across the country.
Even when they weren’t sure their sound would translate to the majority of the audience, like a bluegrass festival or when they opened for Living Colour, they started snaring a following that favored Lee’s R&B vocals, as well as Hamlin’s raucously rhythmic guitar.
“I’m definitely a frustrated drummer playing guitar,” Hamlin jokes. “I was maybe five or six and wanted to be a drummer. My parents were like, ‘No, no, no. We don’t want that in the house. Here’s a guitar.’”
Hamlin and Scratch Track still don’t have that drum kit, relying instead on Lee’s talents as a human beat box and loop pedal. The absence of a kit makes traveling easy though. Hamlin says they just need three bags, an acoustic guitar (he plugs into a bass amp) and a bag of merchandise. That ought to come in handy when they play the close confines of Ragtime in Arlington this Friday, March 9. Tickets are $5.


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This beautiful Edwardian filigree iolite promise ring features a gorgeous natural velvety violet iolite gem ( February Birthstone ) of 0.45 carat, set atop a dome of intricately detailed pierced floral sterling silver filigree. This artisan hand finished vintage inspired iolite ring is a faithful reproduction of an exquisite antique original ring.
Ring size 7.
Insured shipping is FREE, and all rings are sent to you in beautiful Antique Jewelry Mall gift packaging.
Width at top of ring:
Width at bottom of ring:
Height off finger:
Gemstone Information Ethically Sourced & Conflict Free
Round brilliant cut
Our Customers Say..."Thank you so much for all your help. My girlfriend really appreciated the ring. Your flexibility and understanding with our situation really enabled us to get her gift to her before she deployed, and I really appreciated it. Thanks again. Respectfully," - Michael J.


Leeds United ace Kalvin Phillips does have the chance to leave in the summer but there are no negotiations going on currently for the midfielder.
This is according to the transfer expert Fabrizio Romano who has been speaking on the latest episode of the Gazzetta Dello FIVE YouTube show.
Do you think Phillips will sign a new deal?
Reports have emerged suggesting a potential move to Leeds’ bitter rivals Manchester United could be on the cards for the 26-year-old in the summer.
And Romano supported the possibility of Phillips making the switch to Old Trafford, however, he did add the Leeds ace is by no means the Red Devils’ only target in midfield.
There have also been strong suggestions Declan Rice is United’s main target this summer to address their midfield issues and Romano provided Leeds fans with some comfort amid the reports:
“Kalvin Phillips is a possibility. They’re exploring this possibility. It’s not a negotiation between Leeds and Man United yet, let me clarify this point, because I see around about bids and negotiations. It’s not a negotiation. He’s just one of the names they have in the list. But he’s not a name that is like the first candidate now or close. He’s one of the candidates, but not the first one.”
TIF Thoughts on Romano’s comments…
It will certainly be hard for Leeds fans to imagine the possibility of Phillips departing for Old Trafford this summer given the rivalry between the two sides.
And it will probably be difficult for the Yorkshire side to picture their academy graduate in another team’s colours, however, there is a stark reality unfolding over his future.
Getting Phillips to put pen to paper on a new deal could be the best bit of business the Whites could do this summer, however, if not, then would it be best to make some money from him in this window with just two years left on his current deal?


Applications are now open for 2Weeks2MakeIt 2016!
This exciting music video competition is based in the creative, cultural heart of Sheffield, but reaches out across Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Lancashire and further afield. Competitors will connect with other musicians from across the country as well as connect with filmmakers, all spanning various genres, styles and backgrounds.
The application deadline is Friday 8th April. For more information visit the South Yorkshire Filmmakers Network


|The Paris Commune (Zori Parizha)
Original Theatrical Release Poster
The Paris Commune (USA theatrical release title; the original title Zori Parizha ("Dawn of Paris")) is a 1936 Soviet B&W historical movie, directed by Grigoriy Roshal. It depicts the events of Paris Commune in 1871.
The following weapons were used in the film The Paris Commune (Zori Parizha):
Lefaucheux Model 1854
Various characters, including Jaroslav Dombrowski (Nikolai Plotnikov), are seen with Lefaucheux Model 1854 revolvers.
Lefaucheux Model 1854 - 12mm Pinfire
A Communard at the right carries a revolver tucked at his belt.
Wounded Dombrowski leads his men in attack with a revolver in hand.
Various characters, including Eugene Gorrot (Dmitri Dorlyak) and Karl Steiper (Viktor Stanitsyn), are seen with Colt 1851 Navy revolvers.
Colt 1851 Navy - .36 caliber
Karl Steiper, the commander of International Battalion, carries a Colt 1851 Navy revolver tucked at his belt.
Another view of Steiper's revolver.
A Colt 1851 Navy is seen at the background.
Eugene Gorrot fires a Colt.
Colt 1847 Walker (Cartridge Conversion)
Various characters are seen with Colt Walker revolvers. Hexagonal barrel, uncommon for original Colt-made Walkers (and it is not many were made, and none were sold outside the United States), are likely signs of European copy.
An aged female Communard fires a Colt during the defence of the last barricade. Note the lacks a loading lever latch that the later Colt models had. Revolver also has cartridge conversion.
While in battle, Karl Steiper's (Viktor Stanitsyn) revolver is substituted with another model. Similar looking revolvers are seen in another scenes. These revolvers appear to be some break-action Gasser models.
Gasser M1880 Montenegrin - 11.2x29mmR "Montenegrin"
Steiper fires a revolver.
A French Army officer draws his revolver...
A female Communard is carries a big revolver, which seems to be a Glisenti M1874.
Glisenti M1874 revolver - 10.35×20 mm
Percussion Cap Pistol
What appear to be Percussion Cap Pistols of unclear model are briefly seen in hands of Paris National Guard soldiers. In one scene Monsieur Vesset (Naum Rogozhin) fires a percussion cap pistol.
Teodoro Arrizabalaga percussion cap pistol replica, Spain, 1960.
A female Communard in center carries a percussion cap pistol at her belt.
Vesset fires from the window.
Gras Model 1874
Gras Model 1874 rifles are used by both Paris National Guard and French Army soldiers. They stand for historically correct Chassepot 1866 rifles that have very similar outlook. Gras rifles were highly available for filmmakers as 450,000 Gras were purchased by Russian Army during the WW1, and a lot of them were still at hand in mid-1930s. Most rifles are fitted with Mle 1874 bayonets though Mle 1866 Yataghan sword bayonets are also seen.
Gras Mle 1874 with Mle 1874 sword bayonet - 11 x 59mm Gras
Catherine Millard (Antonina Maksimova
), a female volunteer of National Guard, appears with a rifle in the opening scene.
A centry at the gates of the city hall of Montmartre, one of the main centers of Commune.
Corporal Bordieux (Ivan Bobrov
) of Versailles troops holds a rifle during the night attack on National Guard positions.
A National Guard soldier fires his rifle.
Eugene Gorrot (Dmitri Dorlyak
) stops Catherine Millard from needless firing. Gorrot's rifle is fitted with a Mle 1866 Yataghan sword bayonet.
A National Guard soldier in action.
National Guard soldiers attach bayonets to their rifles.
Soldiers of French Army fire a salvo during the battle for a barricade.
National Guard soldiers (Ivan Guzikov
second from the left) and volunteers stand in formation during the funeral of General Jaroslav Dombrowski.
All cannons of National Guard are heavily outdated muzzle-loading smoothbore guns (the real cannons of the time of Franco-Prussian War and Paris Commune were breach-loading). The cannons appear to be genuine weapon of Napoleonic era, not mockups, used in movies of later times. Their size and shape match Russian M1805 12-pounder field gun.
A cannon on position during the night battle.
Artillerymen fire the cannon.


Do you know all these points of the sub-high efficiency non-baffle filter?
What is a non-partition sub-high efficiency filter? Maybe many people don’t know it. The non-partition sub-high efficiency filter mainly includes H10 non-partition sub-high efficiency filter, H11 sub-high efficiency air filter and H12 sub-high efficiency filter. So how much do you know about sub-high efficiency filters without partitions?
The partition less sub-high efficiency filter is mainly composed of waterproof and flame-retardant glass fiber filter paper or PP high-efficiency filter material. The filter material is fixed on the light acid sand aluminum extruded frame with a kind of amino vinegar glue, on the air inlet side. Both the air outlet surface and the air outlet surface can be equipped with sprayed surface protection nets to protect the filter paper from being damaged.
1.) Product Features of Sub-High Efficiency Filter without Clapboard:
1.) Patented manufacturing technology ensures the effective use of V-shaped channels and uniform air flow;
2.) Aluminum profile frame, surface anodized, air inlet and outlet surface with plastic-sprayed metal protection net;
3.) Unique seamless sealing technology, good elasticity, no deformation, and no leakage.
2.) The Sub-High Efficiency Filter without Partition is Suitable for:
1.) Various local purification equipment and air purification terminals in clean workshops;
2.) It is suitable for IC, ultra-LS manufacturing plants, semiconductor manufacturing plants, clean rooms, laminar flow equipment, workbenches, production equipment and other fields requiring ultra-high cleanliness.
3.) Filter Material and Performance of Sub-High Efficiency Filter Without Partition:
1.) Frame material: aluminum alloy profile, stainless steel frame, galvanized frame, galvanized paint protection net.
2.) Filter material: ultra-fine glass fiber filter paper, chemical fiber separator: hot melt adhesive.
3.) Sealant: polyurethane rubber.
4.) Efficiency: H10-H12.
5.) High operating temperature 80″C.
6.) Installation and sealing form: sealing strip, seamless foam sealing tape.
I believe that through the above detailed introduction, you have some understanding of the relevant knowledge of the sub-high efficiency filter without partition, then I hope that what I have introduced can be helpful to you, if you want to know more about the relevant knowledge of the filter, you can go to our official website to learn more.


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Overview Of Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support
Designed for sports & fitness buffs, active senior citizens, runners, athletes & others, the formula is a herbal mixture of specific extracts from four plants that may provide support for the back, knee, neck, and several parts of the body and create special effects vital for preserving healthy joints, bones & and muscular tissues.
Developed using in-depth knowledge of validated medical science termed Ayurveda, ARTREX® tablets have been verified for their efficacy and safety assurance through comprehensive clinical trials that are publicized in the Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine.
The manufacture states the supplement has undergone >12years of broad research to establish purity, novelty, clinical & preclinical validation, and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards. ARTREX as the natural supplement for promoting healthy joints and bones could be an aid when you have been indicated prescribed arthritis medications.
Keep up reading Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support Reviews as well as this report for clinical evaluation in the context of the supplement facts.
How Does Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support Work?
The proprietary blend of Ayurveda ingredients of ARTREX works in consonance to support natural defenses of the body and promote healthy joints & bones via aiding the body’s inflammatory & immune response functions, which is thought to be involved in various conditions associated with bones and joints.
The molecular targets associated with anti-inflammatory properties might be the suppression of enzymes, such as serine protease cathepsin G, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, Tumor necrosis factor [(TNF, cachexin; often named tumor necrosis factor-alpha/TNF-α) an adipokine and the cytokine] & Nitric Oxide production, and the inhibition of leukotriene formation by blocking -5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzyme, which is identified as the culprit of inflammation.
Who Is The Manufacturer Of Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support?
ARTREX® has been developed by Bioved Pharmaceuticals, INC., positioned in the heart of Silicon Valley in San Jose, California, United States, with the subsidiary Bioved Pharmaceuticals, Private Limited in Pune, India. Bioved is a product development company and the discovery platform for Over-The-Counter products and validated plant-based Nutraceuticals from Ayurveda science.
With their own research center registered and audited by USFDA, they provide a range of research services in the discovery & development of natural products, including chemistry, formulation & pharmaceutical dosage development, pre-clinical, clinical, mechanism of action & toxicology studies.
The center offers customized analysis & reports employing laboratory testing methodologies and ground-breaking information technology.
What Are The Ingredients In Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support?
Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support is crafted with the following:
As per the National Institutes of Health (NIH), calcium builds up most of the bone structure and allows normal physical activity by keeping the tissues flexible and healthy.
The Science Behind Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support
Both Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA) are degenerative bone and joint conditions with consequences of painful swollen joints and severely impaired physical function.
RA is an autoimmune disease that occurs when your immune system malfunctions and could attack your body rather than intruders, attacking the synovial membrane that protects and encases the joints. Osteoarthritis produces inflammatory symptoms and degrades cartilage.
ARTREX® has been clinically verified to be effective in joints, bone, and inflammatory conditions. According to the Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, the multiplant ARTREX possesses immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities and showed potential efficacy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and long-term management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
What Are The Benefits Of Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support?
- The supplement may relieve swollen, tender, and achy joints.
- It may increase handgrip strength & walking time.
- It may reduce joint stiffness, pain, and functional impairment.
- It may help resume the daily activity of isolated individuals.
What Are The Drawbacks Of Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support?
- The daily value of the ingredients is not established.
- It is not intended to analyze, treat, or forestall any sickness.
- It may cause gut-related side effects.
- The expiry date is less than a year.
FAQs: Consumer Questions & AnswersIn our research for this report, we found that consumers are frequently asking the following questions online in regard to Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support.
ARTREX® combines the scientific practice of controlled clinical trials for exceptional safety profiles, such as it has no artificial colors or flavors, no common allergens, no genetically modified ingredients, no nuts, lactose, soy, sugar, MSG, nuts, wheat or yeast, no added trans fatty acids.
However, the supplement should not be used by kids less than 12-years of age and pregnant/lactant women.
ARTREX® rates are skyrocketing.
Adults should take two tablets of ARTREX twice a day with food or a glass of milk to avoid side effects.
You can return unopened products purchased from Bioved Pharmaceuticals, Inc. within several days.
According to the manufacturer's claims, the formula is very safe on the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs compared to some prescription medicines and may not alter the sugar and glucose metabolism of the body, unlike glucosamine.
Comparatively, ARTREX might be effective and consistent for long periods and possess early onset of activity.
During controlled clinical trials, common side-effects seen in patients were due to gastrointestinal issues, but there were no significant adverse reactions on hematological values, or several metabolic and biochemical parameters calculated in the studies.
By using ARTREX, some patients have noticed the incidence of heartburn that might be because of ginger active principles in the supplement. In clinical practice, minor side-effects were seen, including nausea, transient skin rash, insomnia, and abdominal pain in both the placebo group and the treatment.
According to the research conducted by Bioved, academic institutions, and investigators, the four (4) plants from which the supplement is derived did not interfere with commonly taken other products and synthetic medications, such as those used for chronic heart, renal, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Also, there is no contraindication to consuming ARTREX with other products.
What Are Consumers Saying About Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support?
Based on Artrex Healthy Bones & Joint Support Reviews, some users acknowledge the supplement works better than NSAIDs for arthritis pain relief or achy joints, while others reported no progress.

domain: biology


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domain: economics


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Grab a mince pie and pour yourself a mulled wine, because Christmas is fast approaching. And to help us all get into the festive spirit just that little bit quicker is Kylie Minogue's feel-good new music video.
The singer will release 'Every Day's Like Christmas' as her new single for the festive season, which was co-written by Coldplay frontman Chris Martin.
Kylie can be seen cosying up to her bearded man in the accompanying music video, which also includes snow, puppies and plenty of champagne.
'Every Day's Like Christmas' is included on the star's first ever festive album Kylie Christmas, which was released last month.
'80s Hit Factory Stock, Aitken and Waterman reunited to work on a fabulous throwback remix of the track, which was released earlier this week.
The trio were responsible for some of Kylie's biggest hits back in the '80s, including 'I Should Be So Lucky' and 'Especially for You'.
Kylie Christmas features further collaborations with James Corden, Iggy Pop, Frank Sinatra and Dannii Minogue.
Kylie performed festive track '100 Degrees' with her sister Dannii on The X Factor in Australia last week, making it their first televised duet in over 29 years.