When the power goes out at your house, you also want to be prepared and have your generator able to operate essential appliances. They can also be uncovered on-line. Most especially, never touch the generator with your wet hands. Amongst distinct styles of home generators, portable generators are viewed as to be the most typical. There is also a liter of oil for you to put inside the generator and a funnel so you don't spill it all over the place. You have to refill the electrical generator only while it's off and cooled. This will help empty the tank and fuel lines of old gasoline. This engine can be began without difficulty while using the use of its electric powered important starter and also you don't ought to be concerned if in case it does not purpose simply because there is certainly a backup recoil begin and its engine will then instantly shut down when oil gets reduced and that is so as to protect engine to be harmed. Are you in favor of obtaining a transportable kind of generator, or just the tiny ones? The portable generator keeps the machines and lights on if there is a need for retrieval and rescue operations during nighttime. The actual current is usually firm as well as variable.
For tax purposes, of course, it can still be depreciated out. The design of the enclosure should allow for maximum airflow, whilst reducing the chance of moisture penetration. Let's say, for the ease of working numbers, that the total outage time of your utility company for any given year is ten 24 hour days. Using power outages as the basis for determining some type of revenue return, there is not much hope. Material to use for the wall of enclosure have a various of things, are cheap, are expensive and all material is easy to buy. Pipe work should be laid of a sufficient size to accommodate the cables and generator control wires (minimum of 25mm cable per 100amps of supply). Simple block walls supporting a metal framed, tiled roof, is a good basic structure. A typical standby generator produces power only because of an outage that the utility company has. In order to avoid confusion or become overwhelmed, there are simple steps you can follow to be sure that you are making the proper decision in terms of choosing and installing a generator on commercial property. Simple block walls supporting a metal framed, tiled roof, is a good basic structure. For small businesses and small ones, air cooling may be sufficient. If on the other hand, the appraiser seen the emergency generator in good order, no rust, clean with a nice paint job, the outcome would have been entirely different.
Portable propane generators are considered safer to handle. However, propane will still produce carbon dioxide. On the other hand, a stationary generator is usually huge and is capable of providing large amount of power to establishments. Of course, when using any type of generator you should take every precaution and follow directions. This kind of generator is good for supplying power to homes and smaller business establishments. That signifies not merely will you manage to start the motor without having worrying concerning worn sparkplugs, although there is no spark which implies there's much less possibility of fire and explosion in comparison with with a gasoline combustion motor. All the qualities of the fuel, easy availability, and cost efficiency make propane your best choice. This is as result of increase in prices of substitute resources of power. If you have no back up power, let's face it; you're in trouble if the power isn't immediately restored.


text:
By Veronica Miller
WASHINGTON, DC- Former President Donald Trump discussed crime during his address Tuesday to the America First Policy Institute, presenting policy proposals—including urging executions for drug sellers and homeless internment camps—aimed at addressing crime and violence in the U.S.
Trump also discussed transgender athletes after the crowd seemed to agree with his view, said news reports.
“Our country is now a cesspool of crime. We have blood, death, and suffering on a scale once unthinkable because of the Democrat Party’s effort to destroy and dismantle law enforcement all throughout America,” said Trump
The Washington Post reported this sounded similar to previous speeches that he made during his presidential campaign. The Washington Post further noted this could be pointing to a possible campaign for the 2024 presidential election.
President of People For the American Way, Ben Jealous, released a statement following Trump’s speech stating, “Trump’s speech today on public safety was appalling.”
In his speech, Trump called for sham trials and summary executions for people who sell drugs and that internment camps should be set up for homeless people. He suggested the federal government override state and local officials and send in troops to control cities whenever it seems fit.
Jealous criticized Trump’s presidency, remembering the country faced some of the worst racial unrest. He added the country faced an epidemic of police misconduct and violence.
“There are few words to express the profound horror of watching an American politician and former President call openly for the kind of brutality America has historically condemned in authoritarian countries in other parts of the country,” said Jealous.

domain: law


text:
Book on training along with "harness" has been so helpful with our adopted dog who is fearful of large dogs. So happy I became aware of this theory of training!
So easy to read and understandable for the dog owners. Kudos to Heather!
Not thinking there was much I haven't dealt with having multiple dogs for years, I was thinking I wouldn't learn much. Boy was I wrong!! This book is easy to read and understand and I finished it on one sitting. Highlighted and made notes throughout it! I can't recommend it enough!
Great book packed with lots of information! I will recommend it to other dog owners and refer back to it with my own dogs.
I just devoured this book, “Become Your Dog’s Hero”, from cover to cover! And, it has rejuvenated me again. When I lived in the Salt Lake area, I was fortunate enough to attend board and train programs, Saturday Socials and Sunday pack walks as well as some reactive dog workshops in person with my pup at K9 Lifeline. But since leaving Salt Lake, and acquiring more dogs, I have to confess that I have “cheated” and read other dog training sources and tried other methods, mostly with great frustration. Eventually I get smart and gravitate back to what I learned from Heather and her programs at K9 Lifeline, which are the methods outlined in this book. I have four dogs now and all four of them use the sidekick with mostly great success. Except for our newest addition who s a German Shepherd dog that I adopted after her owner died. She’s a huge puller and a bit dog reactive so I’ve been frustrated in getting her to respond. Reading this book has given me new enthusiasm for applying these methods to make her the amazing dog I know she can be. Anyway, I just wanted to let everyone know how great I think this book is and how much it has energized me to reapply the methods that I know work from experience! So, read this book, get the “Sidekick” and apply these methods in your training. You won’t regret it!
Molly (pictured on her calm mat) is my third Rhodesian Ridgeback and is currently 14 weeks old. My previous two (one male, one female) both had major pulling issues that made walking them a real chore. That is, until I found the SideKick. It gave me the head & pressure control that was needed to better communicate the pace and position I needed them to be in. Walks became a pleasure. I was sold on Heather Beck’s training method and devoured the training materials on her website. It agreed with my positive reinforcement philosophy and made a lot of sense. More importantly, I was getting results. When I saw that she had taken all that information and put it into a 96-page book, I immediately put my order in. The book is organized into 5 chapters and covers everything from Getting Started to Continuing Education, from training methods and techniques to grooming and feeding. Whether you’re an experienced dog owner or whether you’ve just got your first puppy, you’ll find something useful in this book.
It took months to get the product and having called and emailed on countless occasions, no one could provide me with an answer of where the products were or when I would receive them. That said, the only people you could touch base with were daycare staff who had to email as well and could not get a response from those who deal with the products. Extremely poor customer service!
Such an amazing book that should be in every dog owner’s home. The only suggestion I can make is to review shipping and packaging materials, as the spine and cover of our copy came damaged.
I have previously watched Heather's videos. I still refer back to them. But because I love to own and read books I was very excited to get Become Your Dog's Hero. I read it right away. I will be using her methods more and more.
Must read for those who want to learn how to have a great relationship with their dog. This book provides the tools to create a great foundation, communicate with your dog in a way they understand and create a dog that is calm, balanced, happy and well behaved!

domain: literature


text:
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Print prices and sizes, as well as print purchasing info, can be found on this page: Order Photo Prints
Licensing: License fees vary greatly depending on the specific type of use, i.e. Personal Website, Commercial Advertising, Corporate, Editorial, or Paper Products, as well as image size and other factors.
If you'd like a price quote contact us: email@example.com

domain: artistic


If you are wondering which motorcycle fuse box waterproof to choose, don’t miss this top 10 best motorcycle fuse box waterproof given below!
Having trouble buying a great motorcycle fuse box waterproof? We understand this problem because we have gone through the entire motorcycle fuse box waterproof research process already, which is why we have put together a comprehensive list of the best motorcycle fuse box waterproof available in the market today. After hours of researching and using all the models on the market, we find the best motorcycle fuse box waterproof of 2022. Check out our ranking below!
- MARINE-GRADE FUSE BOX KIT:The package includes 1*12V 12-way fuse block,24*blade type fuse,4*stainless steel screws,1*instruction manual,2*tip stickers,1*Insulating plastic clips.Easily solve messy wiring problem.It is standing products for Cars,RVs,solar boats etc.
- RATED RANGE:The input rated voltage of the fuse box is 32V,and the input rated current is 100A.Each circuit outputs a maximum current of 30A.
- Product Size: 138*85*36.5mm; Input Rated Voltage: DC 12V-32V; Input Rated Current: 100A; Maximum Output Current: 30A per circuit; Fuse type: Standard(ATC/ATO); Fuse slot: 12
- This 12 Circuit Fuse Block widely used in Car, Truck, Boat, Tankers, Marine, SUV, Yacht, RV, Van, Ships etc.Each fuse of fuses box can be connected to any circuit of electrical appliances.For example: car dome light, auto headlight, width lamp, fog lamp, warning lights, car refrigerator, car charger and car fan, car TV.etc.
- 【QUICK FIX】 – When the current/voltage exceeds the rated range,the fuse will be automatically blown.It has leds beside each load to indicate if a circuit has shorted or has blown.So you can easily identify it and change it!
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- Fuse protection cover -With transparent cover for dust and moisture protection. A neat clip-on plastic cover that adds extra protection to your fuse box & fuses,Temperature Rating :-20 degrees to 85 degrees
- Wire up to 4 separate DC appliances or accessories and protect with standard-size blade fuses,Unique LED Safety Indicator: the indicator light flashes red when the fuse is blown, super easy to check the troubleshooting,
- ★【NEW DESIGN 6 WAY FUSE BOX】Electop 6-Way Blade Fuse Block accepts 1A to 20A ATC/ATO(middle size) fuses. It has positive and negative sides, which means that each positive terminal screw has a negative terminal screw to make your circuit clear at a glance. This device is intended for branch circuit protection and has good conductivity. Max. 32V DC operating voltage. Max. 20 Amp per circuit & 75 Amp per panel.
- ★【PREMIUM QUALITY & SAFE MATERIAL】Made of environment friendly PBT material, this fuse holder meets all the standards of an ideal fuse box. It is mechanically strong, insulated, heat resistant and flame resistant. There will hardly cause any issue like produce fracture, deformation, combustion or short circuit phenomenon.
- Ninth-city fuse block LED Warning Light ATC/ATO Blade Fuse Box 6 Fuses ( 3A / 5A / 10A / 15A / 20A / 30A) Included
- Blade fuse box holder two Mounting holes diameter: 107mm / 4.21"
- High Quality Safety Material: Made of environmentally friendly fireproof PBT material with nickel plated copper connection terminals. This 6 way fuse block meets all the criteria for an ideal fuse box. It has four major characteristics: mechanical strength, insulation, heat resistance and flame retardancy. It hardly causes any problems such as short circuit, breakage, burning and deformation.
- Safe and convenient: When there is a problem with the home circuit, the corresponding fuse will be blown, and the red LED warning light will light up immediately. It is very safe and convenient to replace the blown fuse in time when a problem is found.
- Lightweight Cushioned EVA midsole
- Durable leather & performance nylon upper
- ZOOKOTO Fuse block Automotive Blade 6Way fuse box ATC/ATO Blade Fuse Box 4 Fuses (5A/10A/15A/20A) Included
- Can be secured via 2 pre molded holes, each fuse holder is numbered to make fuse installation and identification as easy as possible
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text:
Mason jars of watercolor hearts may be my new favorite thing. I adore these simple, hand-painted Valentine’s Day embellishments, and I knew they’d be perfect on a romantic quote free printable.
Featuring the phrase, “in a sea of people, my eyes will always search for you,” this free Valentine’s Day printable would make the perfect gift for a loved one, or would be the perfect wedding or bridal shower decoration.
Our printables are so easy to download and print out. Just follow these steps:
- Click on the printable(s) you’d like to download, and save to your computer.
- Send to your favorite photo printer to have printed on either matte cardstock or photo glossy paper (at-home printing is, of course, an option, but I find professional printers usually print colors and images more vividly and clearly).
- Printables print best at 8×10.
- Frame, display (or gift!) and admire!
I often get asked about what frames I use for the art around my home–this set of 7 solid wood frames is my go-to; you can see them in action in this gallery wall post! Next time I need to purchase frames, I may consider this set–11 pieces for under $30 (plus free shipping). Basically, I love frames that are white, flat, and matted. Simple, in my opinion, is best!
Thanks for reading all about my jar of hearts valentine’s day printable art!
Holiday Printables is on Pinterest! Follow along for lots more printable inspiration for every occasion.


text:
Posted on Wednesday 16th October 2013
In an article in the Guardian newspaper today (16 October), 'Social work courses: seeking to master professional training', the University of Birmingham's social work education was highlighted for its innovative teaching methods.
An example was Birmingham's close working relationships with service users – a key plank of recent social-work reforms. In what is seen as a gold standard for other universities, "survivors" – who include care-leavers, users of mental health or drug and alcohol services, people with physical and learning disabilities, and carers – are involved in all aspects of the course, from admissions to roleplay, assessments and presentations at conferences and workshops.
"Dawn River, Admissions Tutor said "We have championed the voice of service users for over two decades and are way ahead of legislation and leading the way in Europe. Some higher education institutions might tick the box on this, but we are completely committed. Our Survivor Arts [programme] allows survivors to share their stories through art and lead workshops."
The use of social media and digital technology is also a standout feature of the course: it is integrated into inquiry-based blended learning to teach child protection. Before starting the course, students are taught about personal and professional boundaries on social media, and are shown how to use it appropriately while recognising its potential for collaborative learning.
Tarsem Singh Cooner, a teaching fellow at Birmingham who is behind the programme , has also developed a social-work app, designed for use by trainees on placement, which students can use to check their knowledge.
Read the full Guardian article 'Social Work courses: seeking to master professional training'

domain: news


text: About Bandung Public Transportation There are several kind of public transportations that we can use in Bandung, such as : Taxi Taxi is a comfortable transportation, it is private and have Air Conditioner facility, but rather expensive if we compare it with other public transportation. Most of the taxi will use the fare meter. That’s why after we get in the taxi, we have to make sure with the taxi driver that we will use the fare meter. City Transport City Transport well-known as “angkot” (Angkutan Kota means City Transport), has several routes in Bandung. We just have to see the route name in front of the car or we can notice it according to the color of the car. It is the cheapest public transportation in Bandung. This transportation doen’t have any station nor button to press to stop the car. Their system is confusing, so we can get in and get off from the car whenever or wherever we want. To get into the car we just need stand at the side of the road and wave our hand to the driver. To get off from the car we just need to say “Kiri” which means “left” to the driver to make the car stops and don’t forget to pay for the fee before we get off from the car. Bus There is Buses provides by Bandung Government which called TMB or Trans Metro Bandung. It has Air Conditioner facility and has average cost. Pedicab Pedicab, or well-known with “becak” in Indonesia, has a driver behind the customer seat, that always paddles the pedicab. This kind of transportation is the slowest among the others and can’t go too far because it depends on the human’s power to paddle it. If we observe, there are different kinds of pedicabs in different cities in Indonesia. For example, in Semarang, the capital city of Central Java, the position of the customer seat of a pedicab is a little bit higher than those in Bandung. Nowadays, we find it difficult to see pedicabs around the main roads in the middle of Bandung city. Most of them just operated around houses and suburb areas. Before we get in, try to make sure the fare that we have to pay for a destination. Try to bargain with the driver, and the final fare will be decided on a deal between the driver and the customer.

domain: travel


text:
The federal government is hatching a plan to bring free wi-fi to your neighoborhood – and many neighborhoods across the United States – according to this report by The Washington Post’s Cecilia Kang.
The heavenly view is that this would open up a world of innovation, and level the playing field for those who can’t currently afford broadband Internet.
But not everybody is happy – especially, as you can guess, not the big telcos who sell wireless services. They rake in $178 Billion (yes, with a B) annually from this very lucrative market.
Google, as expected, is on the other side – positioning for free wireless everywhere – so they can spread their services farther and deeper.
Both sides have valid arguements, because the economic impact of a decision to put wireless in every neighborhood will redistribute cashflow like never before in history — a techno-Robin Hood effect. So keep your ears open. This could affect you.

domain: politics


text:
University of Iowa News Release
April 3, 2003
I-CASH To Host Agricultural Occupational Health Sessions
Iowa's Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (I-CASH) will host a training program for health care professionals who treat and help prevent occupational illnesses and injuries on the farm.
The Agricultural Occupational Health Training Program will be offered during two sessions, from May 14-16 and from June 18-20. Nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians, physician assistants, physical therapists and other health care providers are invited to participate. Both sessions are approved for continuing education credits for physicians and nurses. Additionally, the course may be taken for three graduate credit hours from the University of Iowa College of Public Health.
Topics to be discussed include: agricultural health care delivery; respiratory illness; acute trauma; skin diseases; noise induced hearing loss; behavioral health issues; ergonomics and farming; agricultural toxicology; biological hazards; zoonoses; and other topics. All the training sessions will be led by recognized experts in the various topic areas.
For more information about these training sessions or to register, contact Kay Mohling at (319) 335-4219, or visit the web site at http://www.public-health.uiowa.edu/icash.
Iowa's Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (I-CASH) is a consortium including the University of Iowa, Iowa State University, the Iowa Department of Public Health, and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship. The consortium represents and helps maintain a statewide network of public and private agricultural health and safety organizations. Located on the UI Oakdale Research Campus, I-CASH's key objective is to reduce illness and injuries among Iowa's agricultural population.
STORY SOURCE: University of Iowa Health Science Relations, 5139 Westlawn, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1178.
MEDIA CONTACT: David Pedersen, (319) 335-8032, email@example.com. Writer: Jessie Rolph

domain: health


text:
Tribunal Clarifies Landlords’ Right to Determine Service Charge Apportionment
How service charges should be divided between leaseholders – known as ‘service charge apportionment’ – has been a difficult area for landlords and management companies for a long time. Fortunately, two recent court cases have provided some welcome clarity over the rights of landlords and their agents with regard to this issue.
We cover the key points for landlords and management companies to know and what these rulings mean for them below. We have also provided some of the background to the case for those who are interested.
Key points for landlords and management companies to know
- Landlords and management companies do have the right to determine service charge apportionment – as clarified by the Supreme Court in the Aviva Ground Rent vs Williams case
- A fair and proper process must be followed when determining service charge apportionment
- The decision reached following that process must be ‘rational’ and meet the principle of ‘Wednesbury unreasonableness’ i.e. it must not be something that no reasonable person would have concluded based on the same process
- Leaseholders do still have a right to apply to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) to determine if a service charge is reasonable under section 27A(6) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985
- However, the First-tier Tribunal would only reject a landlord’s decision and substitute its own if it concluded that the landlord’s determination was one that no reasonable person would have made under the same circumstances – as clarified by the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) ruling in the case Braganza v The Riverside Group Ltd
What this means for landlords and management companies
These recent rulings are good news for landlords and management companies as they affirm their right to decide how they apportion service charges and give them fairly wide latitude over what decisions they make.
Under the well-established legal principle of Wednesbury unreasonableness, landlords and management companies do not need to show that the way they apportion service charges is the only reasonable option or even that it is the most reasonable option – all they need to do is be able to show that it is not so unreasonable that no rational person would have done it that way. This avoids the need to get into highly bespoke determinations for every individual leaseholder based on a minute examination of exactly what benefit they derive from each facility covered by the service charges.
The outcome of these rulings should, hopefully, be fewer service charge apportionment decisions being challenged by leaseholders, saving landlords, management companies and their agents time, expense and uncertainty.
Ultimately, as long as landlords and management companies follow a fair and proper process when determining service charge apportionments, they should be able to have confidence that the First-tier Tribunal and courts will uphold their decisions.
Background to the case
In the past, there has been considerable confusion over exactly what rights landlords and management companies have to vary the apportionment of service charges between leaseholders in shared buildings and developments. This situation arose due to differing interpretations of the legislation around this issue (specifically section 27A(6) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985).
Understandably, landlords and management companies generally feel that it is essential that they are able to vary what proportion of the overall service costs of a building or development is paid by each leaseholder as and when required. This is to ensure that each leaseholder bears the proper costs associated with the services provided.
However, some interpretations of section 27A(6) of the 1985 Act seemed to suggest that only the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) could decide how service charges should be divided between leaseholders. This issue was ultimately resolved by the Supreme Court in its ruling on the Aviva Ground Rent vs Williams case. This firmly established that landlords and management companies do have the right to determine the apportionment of service charges.
Unfortunately, there was still some room for confusion. The case of Dr Lellis Francis Braganza v The Riverside Group Limited concerned a leaseholder, Dr Braganza, who disputed the service charges he had paid over a number of years. Dr Braganza’s concerns included whether the process to determine the apportionment of service charges had been fair.
The First-Tier Tribunal ruled in favour of the management company and, following an appeal by Dr Braganza, the Upper Tribunal upheld that decision. In its ruling, the Upper Tribunal said:
“The FTT’s only task when a leaseholder challenges a discretionary apportionment made by a landlord or its surveyor will be to consider whether the apportionment was “rational”, in the sense that it was made in good faith and not arbitrarily or capriciously, and was arrived at taking into consideration all relevant matters and disregarding irrelevant matters. Unless for one of those reasons the decision was not one which any reasonable landlord could make, the FTT must apply it, and may not substitute an alternative apportionment of its own.”
The Upper Tribunal has, therefore, clearly established that it considers the First-tier Tribunal should only overrule a landlord’s decision about service charge apportionment if the process followed to make that decision was unsound or if the decision was one no reasonable person would have reached following a sound process.
Get in touch with our property litigation solicitors
At Longmores, we have extensive experience supporting landlords, management companies and managing agents with both contentious and non-contentious matters.
Where clients are facing disputes with regard to residential service charges or other property litigation matters, we can provide able assistance using our expert knowledge of exactly what works and what your options are.
Please note the contents of this article are given for information only and must not be relied upon. Legal advice should always be sought in relation to specific circumstances.


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|Publication number||US7514269 B1|
|Application number||US 10/607,532|
|Publication date||Apr 7, 2009|
|Filing date||Jun 27, 2003|
|Priority date||Jun 27, 2002|
|Publication number||10607532, 607532, US 7514269 B1, US 7514269B1, US-B1-7514269, US7514269 B1, US7514269B1|
|Inventors||Keith W. Reiss|
|Original Assignee||Smart Transitions, Llc|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (28), Non-Patent Citations (44), Referenced by (1), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/391,770, entitled “Integrated Remote Chemical Spectrometer” filed Jun. 27, 2002, which is hereby entirely and completely incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is directed to spectrometers that fosters and detects absorptions in submillimeter wave region, and to methods for processing spectroscopic data with unique algorithm.
2. Description of the Background
Spectroscopy using submillimeter wave, or microwave, has the potential to be a potent diagnostic tool. Molecules having a permanent or induced dipole moment have discrete rotational energy levels that can absorb electromagnetic waves in MHz to THz regions. Because of the abundance of rotational energy levels that are unique to the structure of the molecule detected, submillimeter spectroscopy makes it possible to identify chemical species with excellent specificity. One of the earliest studies in this filed was reported almost 50 years ago; “The use of microwave spectroscopy for chemical analysis,” C. H. Townes and A. L. Schawlow, chapter 18, “Microwave Spectroscopy,” McGraw-Hill, 1995. However, this analytical method did not result in a wide spread use in research communities and industries, partially because the complexity of the instrumentation and associated high cost and maintenance issues.
Recently, with the advancement of THz technologies and computer based system control, submillimeter spectrometers with more practical use have been developed. Such spectrometers are reported, for example, in “A Fast Scan Submillimeter Spectroscopic Technique,” D. T. Petkie, T. M. Goyette, R. P. A. Bettens, S. P. Belov, S. Albert, P. Helminger, and F. C. De Lucia, Rev. Scient. Instrum 68, 1675-1683 (1997), and “FASSST: A new Gas-Phase Analytical Tool,” S. Albert, D. T. Petkie, R. P. A. Bettens, S. P. Belov, and F. C. De Lucia, Anal. Chem. 70, 719A-727A (1998).
This type of spectroscopic technique was initially made possible by a combination of fast scanning voltage tunable Backward Wave Oscillators (BWOs), optical calibration methods, and modern fast digitization and computation techniques.
A typical sweep time is one second and the frequency width 10-100 GHz. This frequency interval contains ˜105 independent resolution elements. With integration times of 1 microsecond, S/N ratios of 104 are obtained.
The system concept is based on the short term spectral purity of the BWO (Q>107). Because of this spectral purity, the slow and complex phase lock that is ordinarily used to stabilize and control THz spectroscopic systems is not fundamentally necessary. In this spectrometer, the high spectral purity source is swept so rapidly that slow instabilities (associated with thermal drift, etc) are frozen on the time scale of a measurement cycle. Fast digitization records the output of the FP cavity and spectrometer in parallel and makes possible accurate frequency calibration even with thermal drifts, power supply ripple, and nonlinear frequency sweeps. In some sense, the speed of the digitization plays the same role as the bandwidth of a more traditional phase lock loop.
The scanning speed combined with the high spectral brightness (W/Hz) of electronic sources and the very strong molecular interactions in the THz range, rapidly produces analytical fingerprints with remarkable information content. This is illustrated in
Stated another way, if the upper figure were plotted with 1 mm of noise in the vertical and 1 cm of width per resolution element in the horizontal, it would require a piece of paper 10 m high and 1 km long for each second of data acquisition.
The high resolution of the millimeter spectroscopy comes about because the Doppler broadening (which is the fundamental limit in most systems) is proportional to frequency. Thus, lines in THz spectra are about 100 times narrower than those in infrared spectra. For example, for molecules of about the size of ClONO2, their spectra are unresolvable in the infrared. Rather than the detailed rotational spectra shown in
One of the disadvantages of this spectrometer is, however, its size. The Fabry-Perot cavity alone occupies a space as large as a small room. In addition, BWO and associated magnets for guiding electrons as well as the InSb electron bolometer that needs to operate at 1.5 K require plenty of space for its instrumentation. Because of its excellent specificity and speed, the submillimeter spectrometer is theoretically suited for applications outside laboratories such as remote chemical analysis. However, at least the large size has prevented the submillimeter spectrometer from being seriously considered for such applications.
The invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages associated with current designs of the submillimeter spectrometers and provides a new compact submillimeter spectrometers and methods for identifying chemical species using the spectrometer.
One embodiment of the invention is directed to a spectrometer for measuring submillimeter absorption. The spectrometer includes a solid state exciter generating a submillimeter wave and sweeping a predetermined frequency band, a frequency marker generating unit electrically generating frequency markers, a sample cell to contain a gas, and a solid state detector detecting a submillimeter absorption of the gas.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a spectroscopic method that includes energizing a solid sate oscillator to generate a submillimeter wave and to sweep a predetermined frequency band, introducing the submillimeter wave during the sweep into a sample cell that contains a gas, electrically generating frequency markers sequentially during the sweep, reading during the sweep outputs of a solid state detector disposed in the sample cell and detecting an absorption of the gas, recording the read outputs of the solid state detector as a function of time and recording the frequency markers as a function of time, and converting the recorded outputs of the solid state detector into a function of frequency using the recorded frequency markers.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of measuring submillimeter absorption. The method includes introducing a gas containing a chemical species of interest into a trap, cooling the trap so that the chemical species is in a condensed state, reduce the pressure of the trap to evacuate the remainder of the gas that is not condensed, heating the trap to a first temperature so that the chemical species evaporates, leading the evaporated chemical species into a sample cell, and measuring absorption of the chemical species.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of surveying an area for a chemical species. The method includes taking air into a spectrometer at a first location, receiving global positioning system (GPS) coordinates at the first location, measuring a submillimeter absorption spectrum of the air taken in at the first location, recording the absorption spectrum of the first location with the GPS coordinates of the first location, taking air into a spectrometer at a second location, receiving GPS coordinates at the second location, measuring a submillimeter absorption spectrum of the air taken in at the second location, and recording the absorption spectrum of the second location with the GPS coordinates of the second location.
Yet, another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of determining a presence of a chemical species in a mixture of gasses. The method includes introducing the mixture of gasses into a sample cell, irradiating the mixture of gasses in the sample cell with a submillimeter wave that sweeps a predetermined frequency band, generating a submillimeter spectrum of the mixture of gasses, providing a standard submillimeter spectrum of the chemical species that is obtained from the chemical species of a pure form, selecting a first peak of the standard submillimeter spectrum of the chemical species, and determining whether the selected first peak is present in the generated submillimeter spectrum of the mixture of gasses.
Other embodiments and advantages of the invention are set forth in the description, which follows, and in part, may be obvious from this description, or may be learned from the practice of the invention.
As embodied and broadly described herein, the invention is directed to a method for processing spectroscopic data with unique algorithms and a compact submillimeter spectrometer based on these algorithms.
A submillimeter spectrometer, such as shown in
In this experiment, 30 chemically library spectra were provided and compared to composite spectra of 19 chemical spices. In addition, the first segment was used to contain SO2 for registering the Fabry-Perot fringes, and the last segment contained the atmospheric “soup” for the clutter aspect of the experiment. The target chemical spices of the experiments shown in
The principle of detecting absorption peaks corresponding to the rotational energy level(s) is the same as that of the spectrometer with the BWO and Fabry-Perot cavity shown in
Components of the solid-state exciter may be chosen from those currently available commercially. The generation of the radiation wave starts with a 10-20 GHz VCO or a 5-10 GHz VCO. In addition VCXOs may be used. Several VCOs were tested and found to have the required spectral purity (<10−6) and tuning range. These VCOs have considerably more linear tuning than the BWOs, which simplifies the frequency calibration. The VCO of 1 mW drives an active multiplier chain to produce 40 mW near 100 GHz, followed either by one stage of a passive diode frequency doubler or tripler, or two frequency doublers in tandem. This system will occupy a few 10s of cm3 and require ˜10V.
With 1 mW of available source power, the InSb bolometer detectors are driven far into saturation. Schottky diode detectors are available with responsivities of >1000 V/W. With the drive power available, performances are similar to those of helium detectors. A less sophisticated diode detector at 150 GHz was tested and still found to be superior to the cooled bolometer detectors because it saturates at a higher power level. The Schottky diode shown in
The operation of the THz module is further described herein. The controller of the digital processing and control subsystem sends an approximately linear ramp to the GHz VCO of the THz module, which responds with an approximately linear analog sweep of frequency as a function of time, typically taking ˜1 second to produce spectra similar to that shown in top of
Alternatively, there may be a particular gas or gasses of interest and it may be advantageous for the system to spend observation time focused on that gas. In this case, the system can focus its frequency sweep on a subscan or subscans of the entire spectral interval to either achieve greater speed or sensitivity. Because even these subscans contain many resolution elements, in most cases false alarm rates of near zero are still obtained. This is useful especially when the spectrometer system is not able to isolate a chemical species from the mixture taken into the spectrometer. In such an application, a frequency subband is positioned to avoid absorption peaks due to other ingredients of the gas mixture. The width of the subband is, for example, 10 GHz, 5 GHz, 1 GHz, 100 KHz or the like.
The acquired data produces lines at essentially their Doppler line widths (about 1 MHz). This spectrum is digitized and stored in memory at a rate of ˜106 data points/sec. Because the optimum pressure for spectroscopy in the THz is low (˜10 mTorr or about 10−5 atmospheres) and because the eventual sample cell volume can be made as small as ˜1 cm3, the total sample required is very small. If this small sample is not diluted in a background atmosphere, the signals are very strong, even with the 10−6 second integrating time.
Operation of the spectrometer is described with respect to the digital processing and control subsystem. Running a scheduler, the master controller (MC) autonomously regulates the gas processing system to collect a sample starting at a scheduled time or GPS location. The MC opens the collection and outlet valves and enables the cooler within the thermal trap while storing the GPS coordinates. Low vapor pressure samples condense in the thermal trap while the volatiles such as oxygen and nitrogen are pumped through and out of the system. The MC then closes the sample inlet and proceeds to pump down the remaining gas in the sample cell. Upon closing the outlet valve the thermal trap can be heated to boil off all or some of the sample material. Through closed loop monitoring of temperature and pressure data, heat can be applied to maintain a constant vapor pressure of the sample being measured. In this way the MC controls data collection through precision distillation of the collected sample. This allows the collection of several data sets from the same sample at varying vapor pressures.
Once the MC has prepared the sample cell, the MC issues a command to the digital signal processor (DSP) to start data collection. Data collection is initiated when the DSP writes a new output level to the DA converter. This output level parameter is passed to the DSP from the MC in the “start collection” command along with the pulse duration. The change in voltage at the output of the AD causes an integrator in the solid-state exciter to start ramping the VCO, which generates the instrument frequency sweep. At the same time the frequency sweep is induced, the DSP starts simultaneous data collection of the detector voltage and the reference markers. Both channels can be read one million times over the duration of the sweep as defined in the “start collection” command. At the end of the frequency sweep, data collection stops and the output of the DA can be set low. The DSP now processes the data with several options possible.
First, the DSP processes the reference data to locate the reference marker peaks and tags the corresponding detector output. This reduces the data set by fifty percent (50%) while maintaining frequency information. Since the 12 bit data sample takes up a byte and a nibble, the remaining nibble can be used to encode the frequency information directly into the detector sample. The data is then transferred to the MC where it is wrapped with header information containing GPS location and time.
Second, the DSP processes the reference markers as described in first scenario and tags the corresponding detector output. Additionally, the DSP finds the top 30,000 peaks (or fewer if user defined and there are likely to be only a few thousand peaks in the GHz sample) and reports back offset and amplitude sets for each value. The offset is the number of whole marker ticks from the start of the sample along with the fractional tick information in the way of the number of samples past the tick. This reduces the data set to less than five percent (5%) of the first scenario. Note that the maximum number of resolution elements in a 30 GHz region around 300 GHz is about 30,000. This is a completely filled spectrum. The data rate is higher because it takes about ten (10) samples/line width to get some idea of line shape and to help separating signal from noise. Thus, the approach reduces the amount of data by at least a factor of ten (10) or more.
Third, the DSP processes the samples and corrects for frequency sweep non-linearity as described. The processed sample is then compared to a reference library of compounds. Correlation of the current sample to a stored reference defines an alarm condition and the compound information is transmitted to an examination station.
The digital processing and control subsystem is designed to accommodate operation in any one of the above scenarios, providing design flexibility.
In most applications, the gases of interest are diluted in air and are initially ingested. While it is still possible to detect the diluted sample by simply reducing the total pressure to ˜10 mTorr (a pressure that is obtainable with simple pumping systems because of the small cell volumes), it is advantageous to selectively remove the components of the ambient air which are not of interest. While a number of collection and concentration approaches have been developed, thermal fractionation used in the gas processing unit shown in
While this is a routine operation in the laboratory and even in some field instruments, the spectrometer of this embodiment uses more progressive fractionation to obtain a fast cycle time so as to produce as small a sampling cycle time as possible so that many samples can be taken quickly. This approach is especially attractive when only small samples are requited.
This sampling cycle is shown in
First, while there are applications (e.g., the analysis of chemicals from a vessel, munitions, etc.) that produce a concentrated sample of the analyte, there are many important applications in which the chemicals are dispersed in air. In these cases the ultimate sensitivity of any gas analysis device can be increased if the major constituents of air are first removed as described herein. This approach is especially attractive in the THz, because the optimum sample pressure is ˜10−5 atmospheres, thus leading to proportionally small sample requirements.
The major constituents of air, nitrogen and oxygen, are relatively easy to remove because their high volatility and small physical size are rather different from gas samples of interest. If the air in the sample cell is drawn through the trap whose temperature is >77K, the oxygen and nitrogen will pass and the remaining fraction will be trapped. The pumping valve can then be closed and the trapping surface warmed. In the simplest scheme the trap is warmed to 300 K and all of the trapped sample released into the cell. Depending upon cell volumes, pumping speeds, etc. this cycle can be done on a one (1) second to one (1) minute time scale. There are reports in the literature of this thermal cycling being done on time scales of a few milliseconds.
Even in this simple example, the sensitivity is increased by a factor of 100. Only a modestly more complex algorithm makes it possible to look at the fractions that come out of the trap as a function of its temperature as described. While there are limitations on the separation of gases with similar vapor pressures, there are very large, but scenario dependent, gains in detection that can be achieved.
Second, the most straightforward enhancement of the sensitivity is to increase the integration time from one (1) microsecond to a longer period. There are many applications for which it will be unnecessary to look at all 30,000 channels to get absolute specificity and generality. In these, it would be advantageous to look at only a few channels, but with longer integration times. This gain may ultimately be limited by systematic effects that can not be reduced by averaging the spectra. Experience with similar systems has shown that the principle systematic effect comes from baseline variations. These can be traced to multipath interference between different modes as power is transmitted from the THz source to the detector. At least one (1) second integration times is expected to be useful.
There is an even more important issue, optimizing at one (1) sec/resolution element, the trade-offs between speed, sensitivity, and specificity. If one were to integrate the entire spectrum, it would require 106 seconds. However, this is not really necessary and much more optimum approaches exist. For example, most of the weaker species are weak because their spectral intensity is divided among many lines. The automatic recognition software may, in effect, “integrate” these lines together. Accordingly, the long signal integration time for enhancing the sensitivity may not be necessary.
Third, while the one (1) meter effective path length (EPL) of the sample cell is similar to those which have been used for many years, there are enhancements possible to overall system performance that utilize in one of several fashions multi-pass cells to lengthen the EPL for the absorption. The sensitivity of the system is proportional to the path length of the absorption cell. While this cell can be very simple (e.g., a hollow metal pipe 5 mm in diameter), it would be advantageous to have the absorption length to be as long as possible. This approach may result in an enhancement by a factor of ten (10), one hundred (100) or more.
Fourth, it is useful to optimize the noise spectrum of the room temperature diode detectors and the preamplifier frequency response relative to the system sweep speed (and thus its central data recovery frequency). At a fundamental level a gain here is possible, but unpredictable system noise is an issue and accordingly the potential enhancement for this is estimated as ten (10). Additionally, with the availability of more power in solid state THz exciters, ‘autodyne’ detection techniques may be used to increase detection sensitivity. Briefly put, power that is greater than that required for molecular saturation can be separately transmitted to the detector, which then plays the role of a mixer (with zero-frequency IF) in a heterodyne system. A similar scheme has been used for many years at lower microwave frequencies in radar speed detection devices.
The signal processing of the spectrometer is further described with reference to
As shown in segment B of
The ultimate assessment stage may be performed in an external PC, but is preferably performed internally in the spectrometer. The baseline algorithm is developed specifically to work in adverse conditions, i.e., many clutter lines and large dynamic range between various lines. The algorithm employs the unique pattern of the library spectrum to detect and verify that pattern within the discreet spectrum. In this process, interference by clutter lines is accounted for and generally defeated, with degradation only when the number of effective usable library lines is too far reduced. Eventually, even this degradation will normally be removed by additional subband examinations. The procedure is piecewise integrable so that there is absolutely no penalty in employing any number of small frequency segments in the computation. One key feature in positive species identification is the observance of a plurality of lines. If a line is missing, it generally implies that the species is not present. However, due to the strong interference in the spectrum by powerful neighboring lines, lines may either be previously marked as “present but distorted” or they may be altogether absent. Both cases are accounted for in the algorithm and the resulting spectrum is then fully diagnosed for the particular species, which if found also is assigned a concentration.
The chemical species library used with the spectrometer is a pure database. It must be populated by spectral measurements nominally performed on the spectrometer, with care in preserving the calibrations. All the absorption lines are not necessarily stored in the library. In particular, weaker lines that are near to or in the noise (clutter) are excluded from the library because they would then confuse the recognition process that otherwise is amply accomplished by assessing only the species' predominant lines. The library super-structure is adaptable depending on the applications. That is, the chemical order of importance is built into the hierarchy so that the most critical species for the application are examined first or more often. The library (preamble) and even the line content can be adjusted to meet these needs prior to use or in mid use, given suitable communications to the unit, or direct operator action if the unit is not in remote use. The subbands may also be used in the signal processing chain quite dynamically. Consider an assessment of a single subband that is quantifiably “poor.” The system can then re-act by adding the next subband and refining its output.
As described herein, the integrated spectral data can be combined with the GPS position/time and packaged for data communications. The values chosen are, for example, the averaged GPS coordinates and time during the corresponding measurement. Some application may require encryption for security purposes. The use of forward error correction (FEC) or other error correction codes (ECCs) may be used. It may be that a missed data point or two is non-damaging to the application and may not warrant the overhead and complexity of requiring error free communications. Some applications clearly can be best served by a collect and store methodology using a GB-sized disk module that is recovered after a sires of remote sensing. Encryption may still be performed in such applications. In the store and forward methodology, the packaged, integrated and registered (i.e., stamped with position, time and possibly other header information) data can be buffered for eventual transmittal to the A/C communications system for transmission to the remote processing site. In addition, physical parameters employed by the system (namely temperature and pressure readings, or volumetric values if variable volume techniques are required) that are required to calibrate the concentration of the gas sample must be returned with the sample data. The sample header format would extend to include such values for easy extraction and full time correlation with the sample.
Other embodiments and uses of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. All references and written material cited herein for any reason are specifically and entirely incorporated by reference. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered exemplary only with the true scope and spirit of the invention indicated by the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification||436/181, 324/633, 324/647, 436/38, 436/183, 436/173, 324/640, 324/636, 422/83, 422/98, 422/88, 324/639|
|International Classification||G01N33/00, G01N1/22, G01N27/64|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10T436/25875, Y10T436/24, G01N21/3504, G01N21/3581|
|Apr 7, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: SMART TRANSITIONS, LLC, VIRGINIA
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Owner name: STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, INC., VIRGINIA
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text:
His Excellency Prime Minister the Commander-in-chief of the Armed forces Dr.Haider AL-Abadi has confirmed on the importance of preserving the victory which that did achieve against Daesh's terrorist gangs and preserving the country unity.
He warns from wrong voices which wish to waste those victories.
This came during His Excellency presence in (Iraq's decisive Victory) festival, which held by the Abbas's combat squad, Dr. Haider al-Abadi has blessed the victory achieved, blessed the Iraqi people for the victory's year and the New Year without Daesh, the unity of our people which achieved by the arms of our heroic forces and the blood of martyrs, the great fatwa of grand ayatollah Sayyad Ali al-Sistani and the response of our people to it.
His Excellency has added: The victory was achieved when the PMU's stood with the army and the counter-terrorism services and with the police and tribes and Peshmerga to liberate Mosul, Indicating that the children of the martyrs and their families and the wounded are our responsibilities and taking care for them is our duty and the duty of all.
His Excellency has said that the people of Middle and the South of Iraq did fight to liberate the areas occupied by Daesh who they did not think of political issues, they did fight for the homeland and the holy sites.
Dr. Haider Al-Abadi has said that the corrupters and those who seized the state funds are the ones who caused these disasters, and Daesh could not occupy cities but did by because of corruption.
His Excellency has pointed out that the stand of countries and the world community with us was for their interest, and there are foreign conferences to support Iraq, indicating that we do not seek support, but they have to support us for their interest.
We did remove the Terrorist's danger from our homeland and the World by the blood of the martyrs, the wounded and the arms of our heroic forces.
Dr. Haider Al-Abadi has said that reconstruction will include all provinces because all of them have been affected.
His Excellency has warned of the deviant ideology and its danger, stressing the need to continue vigilance and caution and we should not calm down, we should continue until the elimination of the last terrorist.
Media office of the prime minister


"Long Shot" felt a little unfinished, as if somebody wasn't willing to go all out because they didn't know if Major Crimes would be picked up. It wasn't a bad episode, or even sub-par, I just wanted more from one of my new favorites before I was forced to deal with it heading into hiatus.
To quote an actual phrase I heard at the office today, which I thought was only a myth, that's all I'll say about that.
Once I got into the case, I tried to be smarter than the show in determining why the sniper kicked off the side mirror. I was so sure I had it sussed out. He didn't want his face to be recognized in surveillance video through the reflection. Yeah, not so much!
I hope police would, a) not give a random dude lisence plate information so quickly and b) take the time to look at current APBs before giving it out. It was unbelievable. No, really. Unbelievable. I think that was one of the worst police mistakes I've witnessed on either Major Crimes or The Closer.
Other than that, the guy was like the MacGyver of snipers, showing up with a half-used two liter soda bottle and pouring it out right in front of an indignant Mr. Reyes just before he found out it was a homemade silencer.
Too bad he didn't think far enough ahead to include Kevlar in his ball of tricks. If he had gotten involved with Sharon and teased her for episodes to come, he would have been a bit like Billy Burke's Phillip Stroh, who is the criminal we have to thank for Rusty.
With that, I finally segued myself into the Rusty story. There wasn't enough of it. Perhaps when the season was originally plotted out, nobody realized just how much the characters would resonate with the audience to make the show a success.
Rusty matters. Sharon and Rusty don't just have an integral relationship, but they are valuable to the rest of the squad, as well. Everyone wants what is best for Rusty, and at season's end, it was justice for Rusty.
Daniel Dunn was such an idiot, I almost felt sorry for him. They should do an inside episode of "Who Do You Think You Are" so Rusty can trace his ancestry and discover he has at least one intelligent, resourceful forefather in his family tree, because as it stands he must feel like the culmination of two of the biggest losers of all time.
Thankfully, Sharon saw in him a boy worthy of redemption and love.
The final scene in the squad room, as everyone fought for Rusty and Sharon against Daniel's weak-kneed excuses about making a mistake and how his fiance wanted to add Rusty to the family was a huge win. Especially when everyone signed below Daniel's signature as witnesses to the event. It was apropos to end the season with a deal, even one of that nature. A deal is a deal!
Something did bug me, however. By letting Daniel Dunn go free, they knowingly let an abusive man go back to a house where two young girls resided. That was the second mistake of the episode. I was waiting for the door to open and a beat cop to be outside to arrest him, even though he signed away his parental rights. The people in that room are not so near sighted that they didn't care about those girls. Was anyone else conflicted about that scene?
We ended on a high, for sure. I am extremely excited about the possibilities that come from a second season and will wait in anticipation for new episodes of Major Crimes next summer. Until then, don't forget to check out the Major Crimes quotes from tonight's episode because there were some memorable lines to carry with you through the long break.
Carissa Pavlica is the managing editor and a staff writer and critic for TV Fanatic. She's a member of the Critic's Choice Association, enjoys mentoring writers, conversing with cats, and passionately discussing the nuances of television and film with anyone who will listen. Follow her on Twitter and email her here at TV Fanatic.


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CHARLOTTE AMALIE, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands – September 25, 2014 - Percival E. Clouden, chief executive officer of the V.I. Economic Development Authority (VIEDA), announces that the VIEDA, along with its subsidiary the Economic Development Commission, will be holding a Governing Board Decision Meeting on Friday, September 26, 2014 at 9:00 a.m. This meeting will be held in the boardroom of the VIEDA’s office at 8000 Nisky Shopping Center, 2nd Fl., Suite 620, St. Thomas, USVI; and via video conference feed at the William D. Roebuck Industrial Park, No. 4 Estate Negro Bay, Bldg. No.
CHARLOTTE AMALIE, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands - September 5, 2014 - To promote some of the USVI's best small manufacturers that are interested in exporting their products and services to foreign buyers, the V.I. Economic Development Authority's (VIEDA) State Trade and Export Promotion (STEP) Program will be hosting the 2014 U.S. Virgin Islands International Artistry and Business Expo from September 19-21, 2014 at the Mark C. Marin Center (MCM Center) at Antilles School on St. Thomas. This expo is co-sponsored by the U.S.
CHARLOTTE AMALIE, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands – September 1, 2014 -- Percival E. Clouden, chief executive officer of the V.I. Economic Development Authority (VIEDA), announces the following:
America's Business Paradise
The U.S. Virgin Islands
2014 Annual Investment Advisor Forum Invitation
Come experience the vibrancy of the U.S. Virgin Islands – a most attractive business location in the Caribbean
Travel is organized and covered by the Virgin Islands Economic Development Authority
Eligible Virgin Islands suppliers are licensed to do business in the Virgin Islands and have conducted business in the Virgin Islands for at least one year. Companies received EDC tax benefits are required to advertise twice a year for goods and services they will use on an ongoing basis and are encouraged to use eligible suppliers.
If you are interested in becoming an eligible supplier, fill out an application.
The United States Virgin Islands (USVI) is more than just an ideal tourism destination in the Caribbean with its pristine beaches, wonderful sunshine, great duty-free shopping, and intriguing historic monuments. It is also the ideal location for doing business and maximizing your company's profits.

domain: economics


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In case you go to the Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome you will find a few fountains of curiosity. With this imposing square, these fountains Each individual have a particularly intriguing history. They haven’t basically been in place inside their present placing for that long but Each individual fountain has had a abundant and diverse qualifications. In fact, the sculptures you’ll see on these a few fountains can be traced back on the early days of Christian Rome.
The main from the a few fountains that you simply’ll possibly see during the piazza is the central fountain that qualified prospects up on the magnificent Palace in the Senators. Though at first planned by Michelangelo when he laid out designs for that piazza, the fountain was only created inside the reign of Sixtus V who diverted a h2o supply within the Acqua Felice that can then source a fountain. Unique designs had decreed this fountain would have the figure of Jove as its centerpiece, rather it was created within the determine of Minerva who stands given that the figurehead of Rome. Minerva’s statue has partly been restored in modern day periods but the torso was introduced to Rome from Cori so it is in fact of wonderful historical importance.
In front of the Minerva fountain you’ll find a fountain decorated With all the sculptures of two river gods. These statues are literally of sizeable historical desire; compared with quite a few dropped treasures they've survived with out burial in all the turbulent periods considering that Rome’s downfall. At first they ended up Found before Aurelian’s Temple in the Sunshine and they may have considering that moved all-around numerous get more info settings in Rome ahead of settling inside their latest locale. Just like the Palace in the Senators just before which they stand, Considerably of this fountain is constructed of travertine which fountain definitely does meld into the magnificent making seamlessly.
You’ll locate the third fountain within the Piazza del Campidoglio while in the gardens in the Palazzo dei Conservatori. This fountain has scarcely attained its identify because it is definitely additional of the basin with the unconventional sculpture attached. The sculpture, which was additional into the square in 1903, displays a lion feasting with a horse that it's got hunted down. Despite the fact that this fountain may well not search sizeable the sculpture alone is of real historic import. If you search carefully in the lion you’ll Observe that it appears to point out the consequences of staying subjected to h2o for lengthy intervals. It absolutely was truly learned from the River Almo much more than a thousand several years in the past Despite the fact that its background before That continues to be a secret.

domain: geography


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Game producer & fanboy who likes stompy music, thinks cupcakes are too trendy, has trouble saying no to friends.
1490 days ago
Gay marriage legalized in WA. Spontaneous dance party appears on my block; a truck with PAs strapped to it & DJ inside.
Realtime comments disabled
©2016 Twitpic Inc, All Rights Reserved

domain: entertainment


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Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
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I live in Blountsville, Alabama. I am married for 10 years to my childhood sweetheart. We love to cook and do outdoor activites. Cooking has always been a passion for me. I try out made up recipes as often as my time permits. Lately, I am finding that the crockpot has more than one or two uses around the house. I also enjoy spending time with my family and friends. I have huge heart and love animals.
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domain: food


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Among the key reasons to invest in stock markets is the possibility of gaining higher than basic savings and debt instruments. It encourages individuals to save money and invest with a long-term perspective. Investors can inculcate a habit of financial discipline and make periodic investments to add to their wealth significantly. This is why many investors are moving towards stock markets.
The Easiest Way to Invest in the Indian Stock Market
In the online demat account-based trading system, anyone can start investing in the stock market. The easiest way to invest in the stock market is by using a stock trading app. Open a demat account with a renowned discount broker and download their trade app India to start investing conveniently any time using a smartphone.
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Stockbrokers need to register with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to provide online trading services and stock/money trading apps. They need to follow specific terms and conditions to ensure that the online trading and investing process is secure. To choose the best trading apps, investors can look at the technology used to meet SEBI requirements for safety measures. There are encrypted firewalls for secure digital trade transactions that ensure safety against fraudulence.
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Download the best mobile stock trading app with such features and start online investing conveniently. A few reputed discount brokers understand issues that new entrants may face in picking the right stocks and provide digital advisory services and Investpacks. These are well-researched and theme-based customised stock baskets. Investors can pick an Investpacks as per their financial goals and risk profile for easy investing.


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domain: design


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Some families don’t reunite. The Army’s Medical Health Advisory Team surveyed married junior enlisted officers in 2008 and found that after 15 months of deployment, almost 30 percent were planning divorce or separation. According to data compiled by the Associated Press, divorce rates in the Marine Corps and Army have increased. There are fewer recent statistics about divorce rates after leaving active duty, but the National Center for PTSD cites studies of Vietnam Veterans which found that rates of divorce were much higher than among the general population. This may be related to PTSD and associated problems with intimacy or caregiver stresses.
If a veteran has returned with a disability, the family’s finances may be affected while caregivers’ responsibilities are further stretched by the complicated claim system. Yet with help, many veterans can access VA-backed loans, educational benefits, employment assistance and even educational benefits for dependents that can help get their families back on track.
Army Long-term Family Case Management
This call center and website offer long-term assistance to those who have lost a loved one who was a service member. They provide information about Social Security, VA and death benefits as well as lists of local programs for children and other kinds of support.
Coming Home Project
This nonprofit organization is dedicated
to providing compassionate expert care, support, education and stress management tools for Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, service members and their families.
Gold Star Wives
Gold Star Wives is a nonprofit membership organization for people who have lost spouses in the military. They offer local chapters, memorial programs, support and benefit information.
Society of Military Widows
The Society of Military Widows is a nonprofit membership advocacy and support organization. They provide information about benefits, supports and networking via local chapters.
Comfort Zone Camp Comfort Zone Camp provides grief support weekend camps for children ages 7 to17 and offers special programs for children in military families.
TAPS (Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors)
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General Sources for Support
The American Legion
The American Legion is a national community service organization with leadership and community programs across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Mexico, France and the Philippines.
AMVETS provides information, counseling and claims service to all honorably discharged veterans and their families concerning benefits. They are also involved in community service and advocacy.
Disabled American Veterans (DAV)
This organization is led by disabled veterans who are focused on building better lives for disabled veterans and their families.

domain: sociology


text:
Home Topics Ted Hanney
Bright Osayi-Samuel has been omitted from Queens Park Rangers squad for Tuesday (tonight) Sky Bet Championship clash against Barnsley after turning down a new contract.
Pep Guardiola faces a stern test of his managerial philosophy as the Manchester City boss aims to overhaul Premier League champions Liverpool this season.
Manchester City striker Sergio Aguero could miss the first two months of the 2020/2021 English Premier League (EPL) season, manager Pep Guardiola said on Friday.
Sen. Bassey Ewa Henshaw (Cross River South 2003-2011) on Friday called for more equitable distribution of positions, responsibilities and opportunities irrespective of gender and social status to bring out the best in the citizens.
The Board of Directors of FCMB Group Plc has announced the retirement of Peter Obaseki, the Chief Operating Officer of the financial institution, with effect from March 1, 2021. He was also an executive director of the group.
The Gunners will of course head into the Turf Moor clash with their tails up, on the back of a morale boosting pair of wins over the last couple of weeks.
Some residents of Asaba and its and environs on Saturday said they that they were not aware of the local government poll taking place across Delta State, according to a report by newsmen.
White House chief medical advisor, Dr Anthony Fauci, warned Friday that the US may soon be hit with a spike in COVID-19 cases — even though the country has administered more vaccine shots than any other nation.
Female students of a government secondary school in Zamfara State abducted on Friday by bandits have been released.
Vice President Yemi Osinbajo yesterday identified poor implementation of policies and programmes in Nigeria as the bane of the country’s development.
The deal was witnessed by the Minister of State for Petroleum Resources, Mr. Timipre Sylva, Group Managing Director of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Mallam Mele Kyari; Governor of Akwa Ibom, Mr. Udom Emmanuel; his Jigawa counterpart, Badaru Abubakar and Managing Director of Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA), Mr. Uche Orji.
Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola will join Liverpool counterpart Jurgen Klopp in preventing his players from travelling for internationals if they would be required to quarantine on their return.
Governor Samuel Ortom of Benue State has vowed that the killers of Chief Terkura Suswam, elder brother to the Senator representing Benue North East, Senator Gabriel Suswam will be apprehended and brought to justice.


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Section: Rules of Court.
5. A service or guide dog trainer, while engaged in the actual training process and activities of service dogs or guide dogs, shall have the same rights and privileges with respect to access to public facilities, and the same responsibilities as are applicable to a person with a disability.
L.1977,c.456,s.5; amended 1980, c.46, s.8; 1983, c.485, s.7; 2003, c.180, s.21.
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Italian restaurant with a touch of the Old Country. Serving freshly-prepared dinners, pizza, breads, delicious subs/sandwiches, salads, pastas, and other various Italian dishes. Beer and wine on the premises. Takeout available.
The latest restaurant from the team who brought you Vintage Tavern, River Stone Chophouse, and Decoys Seafood! The brand-new Amedeo's Ristorante offers an experience of Oderzo, Italy—home to Amedeo Obici, the founder of Planters Peanuts, the creator of Mr. Peanut, and the historic, economic, and healthcare legend in our city.
Amici’s offers a handsome selection of brick oven pizzas, large salads, and many types of pasta and entrees to compliment any palate. A family-friendly eatery, they offer selection of kid’s pastas and pizzas everyday.
Global Beers & Wines
Extensive collection of beers and wines from around the world.
Finding the perfect Pizza Pie can be a challenge - some like thin crust with just pepperoni, others prefer a thick Sicilian style pie loaded with extra cheese and a mound of generous toppings. Either way, Atlas Pizza serves up a delectable pizza that is sure to satisfy any palate. They serve Suffolk and Chesapeake.
Bella Napoli Italian Restaurant
6550 Town Point Road
Suffolk, VA 23435
Bella Napoli is a Suffolk “secret” boasting the robust flavor of authentic Italian cuisine.
Gianna's Pizzeria & Restaurant
7386 Harbour Towne Parkway Number 33
Suffolk, VA 23435
Italian restaurant serving delicious subs/sandwiches, salads, pastas, pizza and other various Italian cuisine.
This pizzeria offers fresh ingredients and ideal seasoning. They are known for great pizzas, feta salad, and garlic knots. They're proud to serve their delicious food whether you dine in, pick up, or take advantage of their fast delivery to customers. There is entertainment on certain nights so make sure to check out their Facebook page for events and daily specials!
Sal's Pizza Pasta & Wings is happy to serve original mouth-watering recipes of hand-tossed pizzas, pasta dishes, and dressings that can be delivered right to your home, business, or work, upon request! Come in or call today!


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UPDATED: 9/17/14 5:23 pm: Correction
EDITOR'S NOTE: This article included a projection of growth for 2015 that was incorrect. It has been corrected.
LAS VEGAS -- Exeter Finance Corp., a subprime auto-financing specialist, should post “just steady growth” of 15 to 20 percent a year, CEO Mark Floyd predicted in comments at the Industry Summit, an F&I conference here last week.
Exeter’s niche is serving borrowers with credit scores of 475 to 625, Floyd said. The company's originations were $1.3 billion for 2013, and are expected to be approximately $1.8 billion this year.
He made the forecast even though in July the company started “making some tweaks” to its lending, he said, tightening its credit standards a bit in light of concerns about issues such as used-car prices.
“We’ve seen what happens when you don’t slow down, and it’s not a pretty picture,” Floyd said.
The Dallas company was founded in 2006 by four executives who formerly worked at subprime specialist AmeriCredit Corp., which General Motors acquired in 2010 and transformed into GM Financial. Floyd, a former COO at AmeriCredit, joined Exeter in 2010. The company was purchased in 2011 by private-equity giant Blackstone Group and became profitable on a GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) basis this year, he said.
One of this year’s major initiatives is rolling out the company’s automated-decisioning software, which uses nontraditional credit information to cut the time required to decide whether to extend a loan to a retail customer “down to seconds,” Floyd said.
By Oct. 31, all of the lender’s offices will have the system in place.
That nationwide network currently stands at about 32 or 33 regional offices, down from 48 or 49 at one point, he said.
“We’re not trying to build another AmeriCredit,” Floyd said. “We can’t compete with Santander, GM Financial, Wells Fargo” or other giant automotive lenders, he added, noting that the top five lenders account for roughly half of the subprime market.
Instead, he said, “We want to compete for the other 50 percent.”
: The company’s originations were $1.3 billion for 2013, and are expected to be approximately $1.8 billion this year
You can reach James B. Treece at email@example.com