|Publication number||US7440101 B2|
|Application number||US 10/763,652|
|Publication date||Oct 21, 2008|
|Filing date||Jan 23, 2004|
|Priority date||Jan 23, 2004|
|Also published as||CN1910439A, DE602005002625D1, DE602005002625T2, EP1711794A2, EP1711794B1, US20050162648, WO2005073694A2, WO2005073694A3|
|Publication number||10763652, 763652, US 7440101 B2, US 7440101B2, US-B2-7440101, US7440101 B2, US7440101B2|
|Inventors||Robert Edward Auer, Clarence Lew, Stephen Lyle Pentoney, David Lin Yang|
|Original Assignee||Beckman Coulter, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (19), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (29), Classifications (8), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to flow cytometry, and more particularly, to a system and method for using multiple lasers in flow cytometry.
In a typical flow cytometer 10, as shown in
A forward angle light scatter (FALS) detector 24, typically a photodiode or other light detector, is placed just off the laser axis and captures light scattered by the particle. It is the signal from the FALS detector that indicates the presence of the particles and is usually the trigger for data collection. When the amplitude of the FALS detector signal is greater than a predetermined threshold value, indicating the presence of a particle, data collection electronics are triggered and signals generated by the photomultiplier tubes are acquired as either integral and/or peak values.
For a single laser system, alignment of the laser beam to the flow path, as well as alignment for the collection of the scattered light, is straightforward. Typically, alignment involves adjusting the position of the laser beam to maximize the FALS response, then adjusting the collection optics to maximize the fluorescent signal. This process is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,038,556, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
To facilitate multiplexing, a particle may contain one or more encoding dyes that need to be excited by one or more excitation light sources. The use of multiple excitation light sources generally adds an increased level of complexity, because all excitation light sources need to be aligned with respect to the collection optics.
One solution is to align the excitation light sources so that they focus to the same point in the flow chamber. The excitation light sources may be collinear or not, but should coincide in the detection zone. The mutual alignment of the excitation light sources should be performed by observing the forward scatter signal from each of the excitation light sources as particles pass through the flow chamber using an oscilloscope. The positions of the excitation light sources are adjusted until the forward scatter from the excitation light sources coincides in time. This results in the excitation light sources striking the particle at the same location in the flow chamber. This adjustment is often very cumbersome and time consuming, and any relative misalignment of the excitation light sources may cause signal reduction for one or more fluorescent channels.
It is often desirable to separate the excitation light sources so that each particle passes sequentially through each excitation light source. Separation of the excitation light sources results in a spatial separation in the signals from the particles, which facilitates the capture of the specific responses of the particles to separate excitation sources. However, separation of the excitation light sources adds increased complexity, because the signals are temporally separate. An example of a system employing separated lasers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,243,318, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Alternative solutions to temporal separation, such as the use of gated amps or delay lines, require preexisting knowledge of the relative separation of the excitation light sources and cannot correct for excitation light source or core velocity drift during the course of an experiment. Examples of alternative solutions are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,528,045, 5,682,038, 5,880,474, and Beckman Coulter EPIC 750 and Beckman Coulter ELITE Manuals, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
There is therefore a need for an improved method of aligning two or more excitation light sources with particles in a flow chamber.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a system for measuring the irradiance of a fluorescently labeled particle. The system includes a cytometric flow chamber having a flow path for passage of the fluorescently labeled particle. The system also has a plurality of excitation light sources, each emitting a beam of light incident on the cytometric flow chamber. A plurality of scatter detectors are in optical communication with the flow path of the cytometric flow chamber, each configured to detect light from only one of the plurality of excitation light sources and arranged so as to detect scattered light from the fluorescently labeled particle as it passes through the flow path of the cytometric flow chamber.
A trigger is connected to the plurality of scatter detectors. The trigger emits a signal when scattered light incident on one of the scatter detectors is exceeding a predetermined threshold value. Collection optics are in optical communication with the flow path of the cytometric flow chamber, to collect emissions from the fluorescently labeled particle.
At least one fluorescence detector receives the emissions collected by the collection optics and generate outputs. The at least one fluorescence detector is configured to respond only to a discrete band of wavelengths. Electronic integrators are connected to the trigger and the at least one fluorescence detector, for recording the output of the at least one fluorescence detector in response to a signal from the trigger.
Additionally, the present invention is directed to a method for measuring the fluorescence of a particle having a plurality of dyes. The method comprises the steps of interrogating a particle with a first excitation light source; detecting the interrogation of the particle with the first excitation light source using a scatter detector configured to only detect light from the first excitation light source; and detecting any fluorescence emitted by the particle using a fluorescence detector when it is detected that the particle is being interrogated by the first excitation light source.
Additionally, the method comprises the steps of interrogating a particle with a second excitation light source; detecting the interrogation of the particle with the second excitation light source using a scatter detector configured to only detect light from the second excitation light source; and detecting any fluorescence emitted by the particle using a fluorescence detector when it is detected that the particle is being interrogated by the second excitation light source.
Additionally, a system for measuring the irradiance of a fluorescently labeled particle according to the present invention may have a plurality of triggers, each of the plurality of triggers being coupled to a separate scatter detector. The system may also have a plurality of fluorescence detectors. A plurality of integrators may be coupled to the plurality of triggers, each integrator being configured to record the output of at least one of the plurality of fluorescence detectors in response to a signal from a trigger. Optionally, the system has a controller coupled to the plurality of integrators and the plurality of triggers, the controller being programmed to control the plurality of integrators and the plurality of triggers to prevent anomalous data from being acquired.
A better understanding of the present invention will be had with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Typically, the present invention is used in conjunction with flow cytometry applications. In flow cytometry, one or more excitation light sources are used to interrogate particles as they pass single file through a detection region of a flow chamber. The sample particles may be microspheres containing and/or coated with fluorescent reporter dyes excited by an excitation light source. Typically, the microsphere is a polystyrene particle having a diameter of 0.5 to 10 μm.
The excitation light source can be a diode laser, a solid state laser, a gas laser, a dye laser, an arc lamp, or other illumination source as known by those skilled in the art. For example, a 532 nm laser may be used to induce fluorescence of dyes such as phycoerythrin (PE), CY3 and DBCY3 dyes at approximately 550 to 620 nm, while a 635 nm laser may be used to induce fluorescence of dyes such as squarine and cyanine dyes at approximately 650 nm to 750 nm. A third laser, emitting at 488 nm, may be included, and the invention disclosed here can be easily extended to more than three lasers. Additional dyes that may be used include fluorescein, Alexa532, and Alexa633. Additional wavelengths of excitation light sources that may be used include 650 nm and 750 nm.
Induced fluorescence is detected by fluorescence detectors. Typically fluorescence detectors are photomultiplier tubes or other detectors as known in the art. The fluorescence detectors are typically coupled to an integrator which collects the signals produced by the fluorescence detectors within a time window. An integrator may be used to not only integrate the entire signal received by a fluorescence detector, but may also be used to record the peak or maximum intensity received by the fluorescence detector.
In the present invention, the need to align and maintain alignment of two or more excitation light sources is minimized by capturing scattered light with two or more scatter detectors. Typically each scatter detector has a photodiode or other known detector. A bandpass filter is placed in front of each photodiode allowing light from only one excitation light source to reach that photodiode. Therefore, when a scatter detector detects scattered light, the particle under investigation is known to be in the path of a beam from a particular excitation light source. The scatter detector signal may trigger data acquisition from the fluorescence detectors associated with a particular excitation light source. Alternatively, the scatter detector signal may trigger data collection from all fluorescence detectors. Typically, data processing occurs after the signals have been passed through delay lines. The use of delay lines is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,474, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The excitation light sources need not be focused on different portions of the flow path. Because bandpass filters allow each photodiode to only detect light from one excitation light source, proper trigger of the integrator is possible. When overlap occurs, scattered light is detected by two or more photodiodes, initiating integration at the appropriate fluorescence detectors.
In a first additional embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
At the same time, the third photodiode 46, which is configured to only detect light at the wavelength of the third excitation light source 36, detects scattered light and triggers integration by the fluorescence detectors associated with fluorescent dyes triggered by the third excitation light source 36. The first photodiode 42, which is configured to detect scattered light from the first excitation light source 32, does not detect any light and does not trigger integration by its corresponding fluorescence detector.
Preferably, the laser beams are elliptically shaped at the intersection points with the flow path. The aspect ratios of the wide to narrow axes of the elliptical beam are about ten to one with the narrow axis of the ellipse oriented across the axis of flow. The narrow axis is about eight microns and the wide axis is about 80 microns. Preferably, the beams are spaced as close to each other as possible along the flow path without overlapping. The spacing between the beams is preferably about 30 to 50 microns.
Optionally, one of the photodiodes 70 is approximately twice the area of either of the other photodiodes 72, 74. The difference in area helps compensate for the changing sensitivity of the photodiodes with excitation wavelength. The photodiodes are less sensitive to excitation light in blue wavelengths and increase in sensitivity as the excitation light moves into red and infrared wavelengths. Additionally, the gain of the preamplifiers for the two smaller photodiodes may be adjusted to further compensate for differences in sensitivity. The goal of the adjustment is to obtain approximately the same amplitude signal from each diode for a given size particle.
In front of each photodiode is an optical filter 76, 78, 80 allowing only one of the three excitation light wavelengths to reach the photodiode. The output from each photodiode detector 70, 72, 74 may be fed into a separate signal processing board acting as a trigger (not shown) so that each signal can act as an independent trigger. Additionally, the output signals from all three photodiodes 70, 72, 74 may be summed together and the resulting composite signal fed into a single scope channel for display.
Each signal processing board tests the output from the photodiode to determine whether the output has reached a predetermined trigger level. If the output from the photodiode is higher than the predetermined trigger level, then the signal processing board instructs an integrator (not shown) to integrate the signal received from the appropriate fluorescence detectors.
Once triggered, the integrator may integrate any detected signal for a preselected minimum time period. The signal processing board continues to test the output from the triggering photodiode until the output falls below the predetermined trigger level. Once the output from the triggering photodiode falls below the predetermined trigger level, the signal processing board instructs the integrator to cease integrating.
In a third additional embodiment of the present invention, as shown in
Each photodiode 96, 98, 100 has a bandpass filter 102, 104, 106 in front of it to allow only one wavelength of light to be transmitted to the photodiode 96, 98, 100. As shown in
The present invention also allows for a reduced number of fluorescence detectors. Typically, a separate fluorescence detector is employed for each different dye to be detected. Each fluorescence detector has a filter in front of it allowing only light having a wavelength of a specific dye to pass.
Typically, in a system with two different excitation light sources where each excitation light source excites two different dyes on a particle, four different fluorescence detectors are needed. When a particle passes in front of the first excitation light source, two fluorescence detectors associated with the dyes excited by the first excitation light source begin integrating. Similarly, when the particle passes in front of the second excitation light source, the two fluorescence detectors associated with the dyes excited by the second excitation light source begin integrating.
The present invention uses scatter detectors specific to each excitation light source to know which excitation light source is interrogating a particle at a given time. Additionally, the present invention uses multi-band pass filters in conjunction with each fluorescence detector to reduce the number of fluorescence detectors necessary.
A fourth additional embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Fluorescence emitted by the dyes associated with the particle are collected by fluorescence collection optics 120. A first photomultiplier tube 122 and a second photomultiplier tube 124 are used as fluorescence detectors. The first and second photomultiplier tubes 122, 124 are electrically coupled to the integrators 118 and are positioned at 90 degrees to each other around a 50/50 mirror 126. The 50/50 mirror 126 is designed to reflect 50% of the light incident upon it and to transmit 50% of the light incident upon it.
The first photomultiplier tube 122 is coupled to a first dual bandpass filter 128. The second photomultiplier tube 124 is coupled to a second dual band pass filter 130. Each dual bandpass filter 128, 130 is designed to pass light emitted from one dye excited by each of the two lasers.
In this exemplary embodiment, each particle has three dyes: phycoerythrin (PE), emitting at 575 nm and 605 nm in response to excitation by 532 nm light, BCD646, a squaraine dye emitting at 660 nm in response to excitation by 635 nm light, and BCD676, a cyanine dye, emitting at 780 nm in response to excitation by 635 nm light. Other dyes may be substituted for those listed above as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The first dual band pass filter 128 passes 575 nm light arising from 532 nm excitation and 660 nm light arising from 635 nm excitation. The second dual band pass filter 130 passes 605 nm light arising from 532 nm excitation and 780 nm light arising from 635 nm excitation. Other excitation light source/emission combinations are possible, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art.
The lasers are spatially offset from each other by manually or automatically repositioning the lasers and monitoring the two forward scatter sensing photodiodes. The lasers are spatially offset when the signals from the two photodiodes 112 do not coincide in time.
Because the photodiodes indicate which laser is currently illuminating the particle, the response from each photomultiplier tube may be assigned to a particular dye. For illustrative purposes, the particle first addresses the 532 nm laser and then the 635 nm laser. However, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the order need not be known prior to usage.
When the photodiode with the 532 nm bandpass filter detects a response, the particle 108 is in front of the 532 nm laser. The dye being addressed is PE, emitting at 575 nm and 605 nm. Fluorescence from these two channels will dominate the emission. The output from both the first and second photomultiplier tubes is integrated and assigned to PE.
As the particle 108 continues to flow down the flowpath 110, the particle reaches the 635 nm laser and the photodiode with the 635 nm bandpass filter triggers integration of the signal from the photomultiplier tubes. The two dyes being addressed are now BCD646 and BCD676. The output from the first photomultiplier tube is assigned to BCD646 and the output from the second photomultiplier tube is assigned to BCD676. In effect, the scatter sensing photodiodes in combination with the fluorescence detectors allows the integration information from each photomultiplier tube to be dynamically assigned based on which laser is interrogating the particle.
When a particle crosses the path of an excitation light, scatter occurs in multiple directions from the particle. Although forward angle light scatter predominates, a significant amount of scatter occurs orthogonal to direction of the excitation light.
In a fifth additional embodiment, as shown in
A first piece of glass 132, arranged at about 45 degrees relative to the path of light exiting the collection optics, reflects a small amount of light, such as approximately 4%. The reflected light passes through a first optical filter 136 designed to transmit the light from only one of the two lasers. The reflected light passed through the first optical filter 136 is then detected by a first photodetector 140, such as a photomultiplier tube or photodiode.
The light that is transmitted though the first piece of glass 132 strikes a second piece of glass 134 arranged at about 45 degrees relative to the path of the light exiting the collection optics. The second piece of glass 134 reflects a small amount of light, such as approximately 4%. The light reflected from the second piece of glass 134 passes through a second optical filter 138, designed to transmit the light from the other laser. The reflected light passed through the second optical filter 138 is then detected by a second photodetector 142, such as a photomultiplier tube or photodiode.
The outputs from the first and second photodetectors 140, 142 are sent to signal processing boards that serve as triggers for integrators (not shown) coupled to fluorescence detectors 144 associated with each laser. Optionally, a controller (not shown) is coupled to the signal processing boards and the integrators.
The present inventive concept can be extended to larger numbers of monitored dyes. If X is the maximum number of dyes excited by any one laser in the system, then X detectors will be required, with the filters in front of each detector containing a maximum of Y bandpass regions, where Y is the number lasers. As an example, if there are a total of 15 dyes and three lasers, with five dyes being excited by each laser, then five detectors may be used, with each detector being coupled to a multi-bandpass filter having three bandpasses.
Although this invention increases the range over which lasers can be aligned to obtain good fluorescence information, the range is limited. The limitation is primarily due to the viewing region of the fluorescence collection optics. Typically, the fluorescence collection optics collect the fluorescent emission from a particle, focus the fluorescent emission though a pinhole several hundred microns wide, and then collimate fluorescent emission to the fluorescence detector. The pinhole is present to spatially filter out scattered light. If the excitation light sources are moved so that the fluorescence light is beyond the range that the optics can collect and transmit through the pinhole, then the collection efficiency drops, reducing the fluorescence intensity. This limitation may be somewhat reduced by replacing the pinhole with a vertical slit. The range that the optics can collect and transmit is then extended along the flow of the particles.
If certain conditions are not controlled when independent triggers from spatially separated excitation light sources are used, anomalous data may be acquired. There are several sources for these anomalies that can be controlled by a controller that processes signals from the triggers in order to assure accurate data.
A first source of anomalous data results when a trigger signal is generated from one of the excitation light sources but not from any number of the other excitation light sources. This can occur when the signal received by one trigger from its corresponding scatter detector is of sufficient amplitude to cross the predetermined threshold value, but the signals from all scatter detectors are insufficient to cross their respective predetermined threshold values. A first method of preventing the first source of anomalous data is to maintain the trigger threshold values as low as possible with respect to the scatter detector signal amplitude. However, this approach is limited, because the predetermined threshold values should also be kept above the background noise level so as to prevent spurious trigger signals from debris, optical noise, and electronic noise.
A second method of preventing the first source of anomalous data is to require a scatter detector signal of sufficient amplitude to cross the first trigger threshold value in order to initiate an “event” and then to enable subsequent triggers using the “event” signal. With this method, there should also be a time out means, which limits the duration of the “event” if one or more of the subsequent trigger threshold values are not crossed. In a simple implementation, a single time-out means is initiated by the beginning of an “event” and reaches a terminal count slightly after the expected end of the “event” if all of the required triggers have not occurred.
In a more complex implementation, the time out means should be set to a period of time slightly longer than the expected time between two sequential triggers and should force a trigger if one has not occurred. In a system with multiple independent triggers, this time out means should be reset and rearmed between each pair of potential independent triggers. This implementation allows identification of which trigger was missing. In either implementation, the forcing of the trigger function maintains the integrity of the capture and acquisition cycles. Any data frame containing a forced trigger should be marked indicating that frame may contain suspect data and should not be included in the final data set.
A second source of potentially anomalous data is the presence of a second particle traveling near the particle from which data is being acquired. This problem increases in severity as the frequency of the sample particles increases. Because of the cycle time of the capture process there is a finite distance between two sequential events within which both of the two events cannot be captured, this is the “busy” time. This “busy” time results in all “events” being divided into two classes: “events” that are captured and “events” that are missed. Not only is no data recorded about a “missed event”, but it can also contaminate the data from a “captured event” if some portion of the signal from a “missed event” falls within the capture window for a “captured event”.
Contaminating “missed events” fall into two classes; those that precede a “captured event” and those that follow a “captured event”. The preceding “missed events” are events that occur during the “busy” time of an earlier occurring “captured event”. If the capture system, including the trigger(s) and integrator(s), has finished capturing an event and is ready to be rearmed, then a determination should be made that there is not another event already in progress. If the capture system becomes rearmed during an event, then the position of the sample particle cannot be accurately determined and data concerning that particle cannot be accurately captured. Therefore, the rearming process should test the trigger signal(s) to verify that an event is not in process.
If the capture system is rearmed immediately after a “missed event” ends and is then triggered by a closely following next event, both events may be present within the capture window. One method of preventing this problem is to hold off the rearming of the capture process by a time period that extends beyond the end of the leading event by a preselected delay time period. The preselected delay time period may be, for example, equal to about half of the capture window width. Every event resets and restarts the delay time period.
To detect and compensate for contamination by a following “missed event”, the capture system examines the trigger processor for additional events during the “busy” period. If additional events occur, then the “captured event” is marked as potentially contaminated and should not be included in the final data set.
A third source of potentially anomalous data is the presence of a “missed event” particle traveling far enough from the captured particle to not appear in the same capture window, but preceding close enough to the captured particle to trigger the next trigger early. To reduce this possibility, the time out means described above is modified to provide an enabling window that brackets the time of the expected trigger. This discriminates against early triggering while permitting the trigger to depend on the signal from the captured particle. If the enabling window ends and a trigger has not occurred, than the first trigger is forced as described above to maintain correlation. Any data frame containing a forced trigger should be marked indicating that frame may contain suspect data and should not be included in the final data set.
A final source of potential contamination of “captured events” is when there is overlap in the capture windows for two events, which are in the capture process, but are at different laser positions. The probability of this potential problem increases as the number of laser interrogation points increases, the distance between the interrogation points increases, and as the sample particle rate increases. The severity of this problem is dependent upon the degree of optical isolation between the different optical measurement channels. The fact that overlap has occurred between two or more capture windows is detectable and can be used to flag possibly anomalous results.
All of these potential causes of incorrect capture should be detected and controlled by the electronics that process the trigger signals in order to prevent anomalous data from being acquired.
The present invention eliminates the need for the light beams from two or more excitation light sources to intersect a single point in a flow cell. Additionally, the present invention reduces interfering fluorescence from dyes excited by other excitation light sources (“crosstalk”). Additionally, overall alignment of excitation light sources is less restrictive, because each excitation light source has its own positional sensor. The use of multi-bandpass filters in conjunction with fewer photomultiplier tubes and associated electronics results in significant cost and space savings.
Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof, other versions are possible. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions described herein.
All features disclosed in the specification, including the claims, abstracts and drawings, and all the steps in any method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in the specification, including the claims, abstract, and drawings, can be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Any element in a claim that does not explicitly state “means” for performing a specified function or “step” for performing a specified function, should not be interpreted as a “means” or “step” clause as specified in 35 U.S.C. §112.
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|Aug 26, 2004||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BECKMAN COULTER, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AUER, ROBERT E.;LEW, CLARENCE;PENTONEY, STEPHEN L., JR.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015960/0169;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040811 TO 20040812
|Apr 23, 2012||FPAY||Fee payment|
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Year of fee payment: 8


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Sustainable agriculture is paramount in everything that we do. All of the hemp and other plants we grow are certified organic and the organic integrity is verified for each and every ingredient brought in our facility.
Human empowerment, community engagement, and care for the earth are three tenets of this cannabis-specific certification. This certification reinforces our commitment to engaging with our local community and caring about the wellbeing of our employees and partners.
Biodynamic certification is an affirmation of the care we place on the vitality & integrity of the plants we work with. We believe deeply in regenerative agriculture and the spiritual nature of working with healing plants.

domain: agronomy


text:
Westbrookville, New York, US
Shantel's voice is very versatile. Her voice has been described as professional, sexy, funny and she is a great mimic. She also sings. With her singing she can be very touching to very comical. She also has a lot of range.Read More
This talent has no reviews (yet).

domain: artistic


Sign up to the Zero to Mastery Machine Learning Course.
One of the most common questions I get asked is “I want to learn machine learning, where do I start?”.
I’ve written some blog posts about this in the past, detailing how I got started and how I continue to learn.
And when people asked for resources, I’d usually send them a list of resources I’d collected over time.
But as good as the external resources I'd send to others are, I realized it can be hard to stitch together a collection of different sources on your own, especially when first getting started.
So I had a problem.
People were asking me, "how do I get started with machine learning?".
And my only answer was a table of resources all with varying levels of prerequisites.
To solve this problem, I created my own machine learning course. One which has no prerequisites except an openness to learn.
What you'll learn
There are 2 paths:
- If you don’t know Python (a programming language for writing machine learning code).
- If you already know some Python (4-6 months experience).
Path 1 takes you from the ground up, teach you how to code Python from the ground up. It’s taught by my friend and number 1 rated Udemy instructor Andrei Neagoie. If you already know some Python, you can skip this part.
Path 2 continues on from Path 1 and gets you hands-on writing machine learning code with Python.
In Path 2, you’ll learn a framework for how to approach machine learning problems. Then you’ll learn the tools you can use for part of the framework, such as, Pandas for data analysis and manipulation, NumPy for numerical calculations (much of machine learning is finding patterns in numbers) and Matplotlib for making visualisations of your findings.
Once you’ve had some practice learning the tools of the trade. You’ll get hands-on with 3 end-to-end projects. In other words, you’ll combine the framework you’ve learned with the tools you’ve learned to see how an actual machine learning engineer might approach a problem.
I designed and built the course with one question in mind.
If I was starting to learn machine learning again, what course would I have liked to have taken?
And this is it. The machine learning course I would’ve liked to have had when I started.
Below are some of the comments students have left in the Zero to Mastery Discord server (a space where you can chat with other students about the course and the field of machine learning in general), on my YouTube videos or through other means sharing their love for the course.
Finally, for an even more comprehensive breakdown of what you’ll be learning, check out the Complete Machine Learning and Data Science: Zero to Mastery course.
And if you'd like to know more, feel free to email me any questions you have.


text:
The NFL has suspended 49ers linebacker Reuben Foster for two games for violating the league's personal conduct and substance of abuse policies.
The Washington Redskins claimed linebacker Reuben Foster off of waivers just days after he was released by the 49ers following an arrest on domestic violence charges.
The ex-girlfriend of Reuben Foster says she lied to authorities when she accused the 49ers linebacker of domestic violence.
San Francisco 49ers receiver Victor Bolden has been suspended for the first four games of the regular season for violating the NFL's policy on performance-enhancing substances.
SI's panel of experts looks at why Reuben Foster slid all the way to the No. 31 pick of the 2017 NFL Draft.

domain: sports


text:
Zlatan Ibrahimovic's introduction as a second-half substitute proved crucial as Manchester United finally discovered a way to beat newly-promoted Brighton and Hove Albion.
The Manchester United manager has stubbornly refused to put a timeline on the absences of long-term injury victims Ibrahimovic and Paul Pogba, who suffered a hamstring tear in mid-September.
Zlatan Ibrahimovic has rejoined Manchester United on a one-year contract after the Swedish star's spell with the Premier League side was curtailed by a serious knee injury last season.
Marcus Rashford's stunning free-kick 23 minutes from time put Manchester United on the brink of reaching the Europa League final with a hard-fought 1-0 win at Celta Vigo.
The scrappy, sapping victory means Jose Mourinho's Manchester United remain on course to claim the only major trophy missing from the club's collection.
While Manchester United defeated Sunderland 3-0, Everton moved past Leicester City 4-2 in the Premier League on Sunday.
Jose Mourinho made the strong statement following injuries to key central defenders Chris Smalling and Phil Jones on England duty.
The three-game ban means Zlatan Ibrahimovic will miss Manchester United's FA Cup quarterfinal clash against Chelsea on Monday, March 13
Zlatan Ibrahimovic led with his right elbow as he clattered into Mings while the duo challenged for an aerial ball just before half-time.
Marcos Rojo put Manchester United ahead in the 23rd minute at Old Trafford, but Joshua King levelled from the spot five minutes before half-time following a foul on Marc Pugh by Phil Jones.
Following Manchester United's 3-1 win over Southampton in the League Cup final, Zlatan Ibrahmovic and Paul Pogba were both in a very jovial mood.
A day ahead of the EFL Cup final, a Manchester United fan took to Twitter to remind the official Liverpool account about the possibility of the Manchester club overtaking their major title haul
Zlatan Ibrahimovic scored a brace to help Manchester United win the EFL Cup by beating Southampton in 3-2 in the final at Wembley Stadium.
While Tottenham Hotspur thrashed Fulham 3-0 thanks to a hat-trick from Harry Kane, Manchester United edged past Blackburn Rovers 2-1 in the FA Cup.
While Manchester United defeat Saint-Etienne 3-0, Italian football club Roma thrashed Villareal 4-0 in an away tie in the Europa League.
United required only a point to secure progress from Group A but Henrikh Mkhitaryan's 48th-minute strike and a late Zlatan Ibrahimovic goal separated the sides and took the Premier League club through in second place behind Fenerbahce, who won 1-0 at Feyenoord thanks to a Moussa Sow effort
Zlatan Ibrahimovic, 35, joined Manchester United from Paris Saint-Germain in July on a one-year contract with an option for an extra year.
"I can see myself conquering the US, just as I have (conquered) Europe," Zlatan Ibrahimovic said in a recent interview to a Swedish daily

domain: news


text:
Writer: Grant Morrison
Artists: Phil Jimenez (p), Andy Lanning (i)
Publisher: Marvel Comics
The book opens in the mind of the White Queen as we see Jean has arrived to discover Scott & Emma involved in a rather compromising situation. As Scott finds himself boot back into the outside world, we see Emma finds herself facing the wrath of Jean who clearly blames her for Scott's indiscretions. To this end we see Emma telepathic abilities are no match for Jean, and she finds herself dragged along as Jean takes a walk through her memories. The first stop is at Emma's childhood home, where we see a young Emma turns down her father's attempt to make her the sole heir of his considerable fortune, in spite of her having three other siblings. We then see Emma struck out on her own, and using her telepathic abilities she was able to fashion a pretty easy life for herself within the Hellfire Club. We then see Jean starts to go for the more hurtful memories, as Emma is confronted by the mutilated bodies of the Hellions, before Jean looks in on the night in China where Emma looked to have spent the night in Scott's room. However, when we see that Scott spurned Emma's advances, Jean becomes upset because Scott was thinking of cheating on her. As the book ends we see Scott has run off again, while Emma looks to have come to a rather shocking end.
I have to say that Grant Morrison deserves full marks for managing to turn the tables during the confrontation between Emma & Jean, as going in one would expect Emma was deserving of everything she had coming to her. However as this issue moved along it is Jean who slowly starts to become the villain in this encounter, as we learn that nothing happen between Scott & Emma (at least, not in the physical sense), and Jean is upset because the two thought of having an affair. Now I doubt you would find many husbands & wives, no matter how happily married they might be, haven't fantasized about being with someone other than their spouse while they were married. There's also the question of why isn't Jean more angry with Scott, as he's the one who has breached the trust the two shared. I mean yes one can be annoyed at Emma for pressing the issue & trying to tempt Scott away from her, but the simple fact of the matter is that Scott is the one who invited Emma in, and he's the one who was supposed to end it before it crossed the line. In any event in the end I walked away from this issue respecting Emma more than I had, and harboring a dislike of Jean's bully mentality. Scott didn't help his case by running away once again.
The issue also takes us on a tour of Emma's past, and while my collection includes most of her various appearances (though I did stop collection Generation X after Chris Bachalo's departure), I must confess most of this information is relatively new to me. I didn't know that Emma was a self made woman, and that she had turned down her family fortune in favor of building her own. I didn't know that she had two sisters, and that one would have reason to harbor a strong dislike of her, or that her only brother is locked away in an insane asylum. There's also some nice work on the scene where Emma is confronted by the images of her Hellions, and this is the moment where I truly began to despise what Jean was doing. I also have to say that it's about time that Emma's feeling about the Hellions were explored, as it was never really touched upon in the pages of Generation X (at least not in the issues I read), and much like the massacre of the Morlocks, the death of the Hellions was an idea that was quickly swept under the rug after it had played out, and as a New Mutants fan I always felt the group deserved better. This issue also offers up a very impressive scene between Emma & Logan, whose own infatuation with Jean made for an interesting linkage between these two.
Phil Jimenez looks to be this book's new guest-artist, and if nothing else I can draw comfort from the idea that Phil Jimenez has shown he's capable of delivering close to twelve issues in a calendar year, which mean Frank Quitely can continue along with his four-five issues a year pace, and revolving door of artists need not be a regular part of this book. It also doesn't hurt that Phil Jimenez is one of the few artists working today who is able to surpass the level of detail that Frank Quitely puts on the page, and he's also worked with Grant Morrison in the past, so we know he's capable of delivering the more surreal aspects of the story. This issue offers up some fairly impressive visuals to reinforce the idea that he's a good fit for these pages, as one has to love the design sense of Emma's office, and the truly frightening shot of Jean as she manifests the Phoenix force. There's also the nightmarish shot of that Emma is forced to face as Jean brings up the Hellions, and the last page of this issue is also a great reveal shot, that gets this arc off to an explosive start. There's also some fun little details, like the idea that the X-Mansion still bears signs of its recent riot, and the shot of the slain Hellions does a wonderful job of detailing the characters who were part of that group.
One has to love a book that is able to twist things around like this issue managed to pull off, as Emma ends up as the more sympathetic character in this issue, while Jean & Scott come across rather poorly. Now the book doesn't hide the fact that Emma was trying to seduce Scott, but it also takes Jean's retaliation to a point where Emma's questionable behavior looks rather tame by comparison. This issue also smartly plays up Wolverine's feelings for Jean, there is a whole calling the kettle black comparison to the idea that Jean is upset because Scott thought about cheating on her. In any event this is an emotionally intense issue, that manages to offer up some strong insight into Emma's past, and the last page also delivers a truly impressive shocker, that is sure the create a firestorm of activity around the X-Mansion. The simple truth of the matter is that Scott & Jean's relationship needed to be shaken up, and this issue certainly accomplishes this.
What did you think of this book?
Have your say at the Line of Fire Forum!


The Kenosha Regional Airport (ENW) has been serving the needs of general and corporate aviation since it's construction in 1958. The 900 plus acre facility is owned and operated by the City of Kenosha, and is one of the busiest airports in Wisconsin. Kenosha Regional is also a designated reliever airport for corporate, freight, and general aviation activity for the Milwaukee/Chicago corridor. Kenosha Airport traffic is controlled and regulated by Air Traffic Control Tower Staff from 7:00 a.m. through 9:00 p.m. daily. Kenosha Regional is currently home to more than 270 based aircraft, more than any other airport in Wisconsin. As of 2015, 52 hangar leases are managed and enforced by the airport, consisting of 200 T hangars, nine aviation service businesses, four flight schools, several corporate departments, and two Fixed Base Operators (FBO's). The airfield is configured with 3 runways. The main runway, 7L-25R, measures 6,600 feet long by 100 feet wide. Runway 15-33 is 4,400 feet long by 100 feet wide, and 7R-25L comes in at 3,300 feet long by 75 feet wide. The 2016 Kenosha Regional Airport staff will consist of one full time Director, one Supervisor of Operations, two full time and three part time Airport Maintenance Technicians, and one part time Administrative Secretary. The staff is responsible for managing airport development, leasing of airport property, and maintenance of all airport owned buildings, grounds, and the airfield itself.


text: I’m currently working on a short animation. It’s my first time working and rendering a large project and I have a pretty large scene. I have quite a few lights but I’m only using depth-map shadows but it still costs almost 20 minutes to render one frame (maya software). So I need to know some ways to cut on render time. I already thought about rendering the scene (the camera isn’t moving) one time and then composit the moving character in the scene but I don’t know how to do that if I wan’t to keep my moving shadows. So I’ll hope you guys can give me some tips and hints. Thanks.


text:
Pop Up Fall Picnic
We will be gathering outside at The Divine Life Playhouse for a fall picnic.
Divine Life Kitchen will prepare a variety of fall offerings and you can pick out what you like from the plant centric food choices. Each item will be $5 and you can mix and match to create your own picnic basket. Preorder 4 items for $20 to ensure you will have food reserved for you to either enjoy on a picnic blanket in the back yard or take with you to go off on your own adventure.

domain: hobby


Tragic accident that occurred on Saturday, January 30th at about 3 p.m. in Houston, TX. Oswald McGlorie Jr., has been charged with intoxication assault after allegedly driving an SUV into the front of a Fiesta Mart on 9420 Cullen Boulevard. The accident left eight people injured. A 9-year-old was among the victims struck by the SUV or by heavy debris. We send our thoughts and prayers to the victims.
Know something we don't about this accident? or do you have
a news tip for us?
Let us Know
Would you like to leave well wishes or remembrances for
Send your message


text:
If your child has refused to get married in the Church, it may hurt you deeply. You may be concerned about your child for not doing what the Church requires. But why is getting married in the Church something that Catholics do care so much about?
In this podcast episode, Patrick Madrid responds to a listener named Andrea, who questions his consistent response to this issue. Andrea shares her personal experience of going through marriage preparation, which deepened her understanding of faith and marriage. Patrick acknowledges that for some, a church wedding holds significant meaning beyond making your parents happy and content. He gives you the historical background, explaining how the Catholic Church introduced the requirement of a church wedding with clergy witnesses to prevent people from getting hurt, especially women.
Patrick argues that even if someone has strayed from their faith, their Catholic background brings certain obligations, drawing parallels with a US citizen’s duty to pay taxes while abroad. Patrick defends the church’s stance on church weddings as an invitation back to faith and practice, particularly in a time when some don’t take this seriously.

domain: sociology


text:
From ever-faithful Garden Commentor Marvel:
We’re doing well and getting busier by the day, harvest-wise.
Our run of cool days changed with a vengeance last week (highs over the weekend of 103, 106[!] and 101 followed by a couple of century-marked days this week) so, breaking out an assortment of umbrellas purchased over the years at End-of-Summer Sales, we opened Bistro Gardens. We spent much of our time hosing down the guests.
We harvested the onions last month and they’ve been drying/curing in the breezeway, getting ready for their off-season stay in the garage. This year a fair number of them bolted (you can thee the hollow flower/seed stalks here) and won’t be suitable for long-term storage. We’ll dice & freeze about half of these and (here comes the yummy part) the rest I’ll cook into quarts of French onion soup (which I’ll freeze). Sometimes garden failures work out OK.
Yesterday I brought in some of those odd-but-lovely veggies, kohlrabi….. (Kohlrabi????? What the heck do you DO with it?????)
I’m peeling and slicing them mighty fine, saute-ing a few chopped-up leaves, then cooking it all in a pie with bacon, cream and nutty cheese. We may or may not pick the kohlrabi slices out before eating. The orbs’ll last a long time in the crisper, so I’ll probably just chop up some and toss ’em in soups later on.
The first batch of pears are out of cold storage & done with their photogenic ripening work on the counter (I caught them sitting here with the dramatic late-day sun blazing through the kitchen window)– it’ll be cool enough tomorrow to make some pear bread and maybe I’ll steam a big slug of pear juice (for jelly later on).
No pictures of tomatoes — so far this year, with our very cool Spring & early Summer, the plants are full of green, will-they-never-ripen-? fruit and I don’t know if any will ever get red. I have a swell recipe for a savory green tomato & apple chutney….
What’s going on in your garden(s) this week?

domain: food


text:
SOURCE: New York Times
Looking for the Gold Rush Town of Chinese Camp
"Sucheng Chan, a retired historian and the author of more than 15 books on Asian American history, notes that this region, called the Southern Mines, was home to almost half of the Chinese in California in 1860," but that history is poorly preserved for visitors today.
Bigler's Gambit: How the California Gold Fields Gave Rise to Global Anti-Chinese Politics
by Mae Ngai
The Chinese Question and Chinese exclusion policies that circumnavigated the Anglo-American world in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries grew in local soils, and shifted and evolved as it crossed the Pacific world and supported the consolidation of British and American power over global emigration and trade."
SOURCE: The Atlantic
Racism Has Always Been Part of the Asian American Experience
by Mae Ngai
Anti-Asian racism draws from different historical origins than Jim Crow, but their histories are part of the same conflict: whether White Americans are entitled to rule over other people, domestically or globally.
Historian Benjamin Madley says what whites did to Indians in the 19th century in California was genocide.
He estimates that between 9,000 and 16,000 Indians were killed by vigilantes, state militiamen and federal soldiers between 1846 and 1873, mainly a result of the Gold Rush.
The Incredible Role of Pure Golden Luck in the Acquisition of California
by Steve Boggan
What a few weeks difference may have made.
Why Americans First Ignored the Discovery of Gold in the West — And then Ran Screaming for It!
by Edward Dolnick
The fascinating story of the Gold Rush and how it challenged American assumptions about life, work and glory.
- The Debt Ceiling Law is now a Tool of Partisan Political Power; Abolish It
- Amitai Etzioni, Theorist of Communitarianism, Dies at 94
- Kagan, Sotomayor Join SCOTUS Cons in Sticking it to Unions
- New Evidence: Rehnquist Pretty Much OK with Plessy v. Ferguson
- Ohio Unions Link Academic Freedom and the Freedom to Strike
- First Round of Obama Administration Oral Histories Focus on Political Fault Lines and Policy Tradeoffs
- The Tulsa Race Massacre was an Attack on Black People; Rebuilding Policies were an Attack on Black Wealth
- British Universities are Researching Ties to Slavery. Conservative Alumni Say "Enough"
- Martha Hodes Reconstructs Her Memory of a 1970 Hijacking
- Jeremi Suri: Texas Higher Ed Conflict "Doesn't Have to Be This Way"
- New transcript of Ayn Rand at West Point in 1974 shows she claimed “savage" Indians had no right to live here just because they were born here
- The Mexican War Suggests Ukraine May End Up Conceding Crimea. World War I Suggests the Price May Be Tragic if it Doesn't
- The Vietnam War Crimes You Never Heard Of

domain: history


Teddy Bear Family
Summary: Basic teddy bear pattern can be reproduced with all kinds of yarns to create one or a whole family of teddy bears.
- typically, a skein of yarn per bear
- the needle size recommended for that yarn
- yarn needle
- stitch holders
- 3-4 yards of embroidery yarn or scrap yarn, per bear, for embroidering face and paws
- handful or more (depending on size of bear) clean, raw wool; polyester fiberfill; or yarn scraps, for stuffing bear
From Knitting for Baby: The bear is constructed in two vertical halves (a leg and half the body) up to the shoulder, which, you should be forewarned, looks strange as you're working, and may cause you to wonder! After the two halves and the head are connected and stuffed (and the bear shape starts to look recognizable), the arms, head, nose, and ears are added. Face and paw details, which instantly give the bear its personality, are embroidered on when the bear is finished.
Because the bears don't need to be a particular size, you can skip the gauge swatch. Knit the first half of the body to the shoulder, then continue on if you like the way your work looks. If not, rip it out and start over. If your stitches are very tight, your bear may be stiffer and smaller than you initially intended. If your stitches are very loose, you can always felt the bear to tighten them up, provided you are using a yarn that felts.


text:
Finnish mobile apps help prevent strokes and heart attacks
Nowadays you can find a mobile app for almost anything and some of them can even save your life. Now Finnish researchers have made it possible to use your phone to detect a heart attack or early signs of a stroke.
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally, killing over 17 million people per year. Early detection saves lives but often the first symptoms of a heart attack are confused with heartburn or transient chest pain, something University of Turku researchers think they can solve. Their new mobile app can spot the warning signs early and alert its users.

domain: medical


text:
There are certain venues in London that I associate distinctly with the bands that I’ve seen perform inside them. Do I love these particular venues simply because my favourite bands played there? Probably. Does that mean they are actually my favourite venues? I don’t know. Are introductions full of rhetorical questions slightly irritating? Absolutely.
What I’ve decided is that the venue always plays its part. I saw Radiohead at V Festival, which was a bit like eating your favourite meal in a public toilet. It just felt wrong. The venue is always important.
Here are a few of my most treasured ‘big’ London gigs. I shall maybe follow this up with my favourite ‘little’ gigs…
Pixies – Brixton Academy:
It’s called O2 Academy Brixton now but unless you’re an unadulterated git you’d just call it Brixton Academy. I regularly told people how I hated it when great bands who’d gone out on a high decided to reform. But, like most people, I’m a spineless hypocrite, so when Pixies reformed I jumped shamelessly on the bandwagon. It was brilliant. They played everything I wanted, but it still felt new and it still had energy, even if their now ageing fans didn’t. The sound in the Brixton Academy is epic, and the graded slope from the stage is so simple and yet so rarely incorporated into other venues. I can’t emphasise enough how much better the atmosphere here is than at the O2 in Greenwhich.
Nadasurf – Scala:
This is a curveball. Nadasurf are by no means my favourite band. This was just one of those ocassions where everything clicked; the audience, the music, the venue, even the support act John Vanderslice was as wonderful as his surname. I scarcely remember seeing a band enjoy themselves more. It was intimate and yet still felt like an enormous event. The Scala now is generally described as a nightclub; it still hosts great bands but just as often generic club nights. Don’t let this fool you. This is a legendary venue. It used to be a cinema. Then a music venue, it hosted one of Iggy and the Stooges’ most infamous gigs (immortalised by the album sleeve for Raw Power), and in 1981 it screened A Clockwork Orange despite it being banned in the UK. Cool huh?
The Mars Volta – Somerset House:
In the summer months Somerset House do film screenings (well-worth a look, a couple of years ago they showed Flash Gordon and Brian Blessed gave a talk afterwards. I love that man), and sometimes they put on live music. Somerset House is breathtakingly beautiful, and seeing one of the most musically complex and imaginative bands in this setting was nothing short of mind-blowing. A complex light-show worked in harmony with the Mars Volta’s intricate dynamics. Frankly, Somerset House is incredible without brilliant live music. With it, it’s painfully good. It’s so good it hurts.
So it’s both. It’s the venues and the music. The great thing about London is that you could probably ask a thousand people for their favourite gigs/venues and probably none of them would give the exact same answer. I have no evidence to support that theory whatsoever, so if possible, could a thousand of you reply to this blog to test it? Thanks.

domain: entertainment


By Judith Sibanda
Victoria Falls mayor, Somvelo Dhlamini, who was last week arrested for allegedly selling an underdeveloped council stand for US$20 000 without title deeds, has been granted ZW$1 500 bail by resident magistrate Lindiwe Maphosa.
Dhlamini, residing at council house number 503, Acacia Road was detained by Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission (ZACC) at his home on Saturday night and spent the weekend in jail.
He made a brief appearance in court Monday where he was expected to answer to charges of criminal abuse of office.
The allegations are that during his 2013 term of office as MDC Ward 9 councillor, he was allocated by the Victoria Falls Municipality a residential stand measuring 1 120 square meters at stand number 756 Aerodrome area at 40 percent discount which was supposed to be paid before the expiry of his term of office in 2018.
The terms of the sale according to circular number 12 of 2016 was that the councillors were prohibited from selling or ceding the lease during their terms of office, or title deeds could not be issued until the development of the home was complete.
They were only to be given offer letters.
Instead of abiding by the conditions set by the Ministry of Local Governance, Cllr Dhlamini decided to sell his undeveloped stand to Memory Buhle Sithole for a purchase price of US$ 20 000.
The accused had corruptly forged a title deed which was used by one Sithole to acquire a loan from Cabs bank.
After the approval, Sithole allegedly went to make direct payment of US$ 7 962 (40 percent) discount to Council.
Investigations also established that at the time of sale of the stand, there had not been any developments on the stand made by Dhlamini.
Council argues that since Dhlamini had not made a single effort to pay for the stand, or develop it, they would have sold the same stand at US$ 20 000 to the applicant who had been on the waiting list considering that his term of office was about to come to an end, and they had the right to repossess it if it was not paid for in five years.
Dhlamini made a gain of US$ 12 038 through the sale.
He will appear before the same magistrate on February 25 for further remand.
As part of the bail conditions, Cllr Dhlamini is expected to report to police every Monday and was ordered to surrender his passport.


text:
But that was until one of the thieves was caught disappearing out of a window with a bar of soap - and the mystery gang was unmasked as squirrels.
Now residents of the Kentish Town road have complained to Camden Council for planting trees too close to their homes and demanding they be cut down.
The pests are notorious for devouring anything they can get their hands on. TV wildlife expert Chris Packham said: “Squirrels will chew anything even if it's obviously inedible”.
Johnny Murphy, 75, who has lived in the street for 40 years, told the Camden New Journal: “Nobody knows where the stuff goes or what on earth they want to do with it, but we know it’s them because they’ve been caught red-handed in the past.
“No one can leave their windows open because you open one window and they spot it. They leap straight in from the branches.”
The trees – a mixture of ash, sycamore and chestnut – were planted along the pavement in the 1970s, but are now causing “houses to crack apart”, it is claimed.
Veronica Yazbeck said that an ash tree’s roots were damaging the structure of her house, causing “flooding, cracking and swallowing me into the ground”.
Local councillor Tulip Siddiq, Cabinet member for communities and culture, said only dead, dying or decaying trees are removed as a matter of policy, but three trees on the road are due to be decreased in size.


text:
Polo G is a young American hip-hop artist, songwriter, and record executive. The rapper’s studio albums include Die a Legend, The Goat, and Hall of Fame.
Who is Polo G?
Taurus Tremani Bartlett, prominently known by his stage name Polo G, is a budding rapper hailing from the United States of America. He is a young talent in the industry who has gained immense popularity recently. The musician is also engaged in a business where he sells his merchandise. He is widely recognized after delivering sensational hit singles like Finer Things and Pop-Out with Lil Tjay. Polo’s rap pieces are highly influenced by practical issues like racism and mental health breakdown, which are less discussed in our society. He has released three discographies: Die a Legend, The Goat, and Hall of Fame.
Neva Cared, The Come Up, Gang With Me, Hollywood, etc., are some of Polo’s remarkable singles that he released at the beginning of his career. Apart from creating his solo career, the rapper has also featured in other artists’ music pieces such as CashMoneyAP, Calboy, Quando Rondo, Lil Durk, Mozzy, Charlie Sloth, and others. For his contribution to hip hop, Polo has received many prestigious recognitions. He won the Favorite Rap & Hip-Hop Album award for his album Die a Legend in 2019. The rapper received the same award for The Goat’s album the following year.
|Birth Name||Taurus Tremani Bartlett|
|Birth Date||January 6, 1999 (Age 22)|
|Birth Place||Chicago, Illinois, USA|
|Other Names||Polo, Lil Capalot, Mr. DooTooMuch, Wolo G, Polo Capalot|
|Sibling(s)||Leilani Tremani Bartlett|
|High School||Wendell Phillips Academy High School|
|College||Did not attend|
|Education||High school graduate|
|Height||5 feet 10 inches|
|Eye color||Dark Brown|
|Hair color||Dark Brown (Dreadlock)|
|Social Media Handles|
|Net worth||$3 million|
Why is Polo G famous?
- Polo G is a renowned American rapper. While growing up, he was highly influenced by legendary rappers like Lil Wayne, Tupac Shakur, and Gucci Mane. The rapper has been determined since then with his career. Polo joined the online audio sharing platform SoundCloud where he released the song Gang with Me. It became popular in no time, which resulted in the release of other songs like Welcome Back and Neva Cared. The rapper received limelight after composing the song Pop-Out featuring Lil Tjay.
- The success of the song offered Polo a contract from Columbia Records. He released his first studio album, Die a Legend, in 2019, consisting of hit songs like Deep Wounds, Through da Storm, Effortless, and Dyin’ Breed. The rapper released his second discography titled The Goat in the following year. Heartless, Go Stupid, DND, Wishing for a Hero are the popular songs of the album. Polo came up with his third album, Hall of Fame, in 2021. Apart from rap, the personality sells his merchandise and runs a website containing all his musical pieces.
What is Polo G’s age?
Polo G is a 22 years old rapper born in Chicago, Illinois, the USA, on January 6, 1999. His mother’s name is Stacia Mac. The rapper attended Wendell Phillips Academy High School. He is 5.10 feet tall and weighs around 68 kg. Polo has an elder sister named Leilani Tremani Bartlett, his tour manager.
Is Polo G married?
Polo is unmarried and reportedly single at the moment. But he was involved with many women in the past. Polo was in a relationship with Crystal Blease. The rapper has a child named Tremani Bartlett.
How much does Polo G earn?
Polo G is a successful rapper. His net worth is $3 million.
- Polo G’s debut album Die a Legend was released in 2019.
- He is 22 years old.
- Polo’s birth name is Taurus Tremani Bartlett.
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domain: celebrity


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|Title:||Hardware Integration and Real-Time Control in an Agent-based Distribution Grid Simulation||Authors:||Loose, Nils
|Language:||eng||Issue Date:||2017||Editors:||Demazeau Y., Davidsson P., Bajo J., Vale Z.||Publisher:||Springer||Document Type:||Conference Object||Project:||Agent.HyGrid - Durchgängige Anwendung agentenbasierter Steuerungslösungen für hybride Energiesysteme und Netze||Journal / Series / Working Paper (HSU):||Lecture notes in computer science||Volume:||10349||Page Start:||329||Page End:||332||Published in (Book):||Advances in Practical Applications of Cyber-Physical Multi-Agent Systems: The PAAMS Collection||Publisher Place:||Cham||Conference:||15th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems - PAAMS||Abstract:||
In recent years, several developments in the energy sector have been imposing major challenges on our energy supply infrastructure. Due to the liberalization of the energy markets that started in the 1990s, longstanding monopolies are being broken up and new actors enter the stage. An increasing awareness regarding the environmental impacts of fossil fuel-based electricity generation put renewable energy sources like wind and solar on a lasting growth path. The volatility inherent to these sources and the shift from centralized to decentralized generation necessitate new approaches as to how energy is marketed, distributed and consumed. The smart grid, i.e. equipping the energy infrastructure with modern information and communication technology, is widely considered essential in addressing the challenges outlined.
|Organization Units (connected with the publication):||Automatisierungstechnik||Publisher DOI:||10.1007/978-3-319-59930-4_31|
|Appears in Collections:||3 - Reported Publications|
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domain: literature


UK: The first UK installation of Ciat’s new air conditioning control and monitoring system, M2M, has been installed at a leading horticultural specialist.
The system is providing round-the-clock remote monitoring for the end user’s 2.1MW water-to-water heat pump plant, based on four DynaCiat Power LG1800v units.
The heat pumps are designed to provide a stable indoor environment to ensure growth conditions for produce are maintained at the optimum level. The M2M system provides intelligent monitoring of conditions and heat pump performance, to ensure pre-set conditions are being constantly met.
M2M provides remote access to all equipment control parameters, performance data and real-time events equipment from any PC, tablet or smartphone. It can be used with Ciat chillers, heat pumps, rooftop systems and air handling units, and is suitable for retrofit on existing plant.
Trend analyses, showing equipment performance over extended periods, can be used as part of an energy efficiency programme. In the event of an alarm, M2M automatically sends an email or text alert to the system administrator and Ciat.
The M2M interface gives an immediate visual overview of plant, including the current status of all main components. This includes information on temperatures, pressures, flows and current operating modes.
In the event of a system fault, M2M records the full conditions at the time, giving engineers a complete picture leading up to an alarm.


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Marvel Ultimate Alliance is set within the fictional Marvel Universe and features many of the superheroes, supervillains, and supporting characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics. Always disable your anti virus before extracting the game to prevent it from deleting the crack files. General gameplay mechanics are similar to those of the X-Men Legends series. As Civil War is stirred, Iron Man leads the Pro-Registration side while Captain America spearheads the stand on Anti-Registration. Bonuses are also available if forming certain groups e. However, some of the characters costumes are also other superheroes in the Marvel Universe.
Click below Button and Wait For Few Seconds On Next Page. The player's task is to choose a team of 4 superheroes and enter into battle with the enemy. Create and customize your ultimate team Assemble your dream team from the Marvel Universe and select from over 24 playable characters, each with specialized powers. Therefore, the choice of the team should be approached responsibly and choose a balanced composition. The Superhuman Registration Act becomes law and Super Heroes must register as weapons of mass destruction, becoming licensed government agents. Description The Marvel Universe is being torn apart.
The game came up for windows on July 28, 2016. Yes this is the question that you will ask from me before downloading this file. Also included are trivia, artwork, and «simulator discs», which unlock non-story related missions for characters. Some heroes also appear as a villain under mind control, such as Jean Grey. The game was jointly developed by Savage Entertainment for PlayStation Portable , and is published by Activision.
Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2 Game is Working or Not? If you cannot understand this pattern, then you can watch the installation video that is available on the link page. The Wii version has a few features unique to its version including specific motion-sensitive controls for normal moves, motion-sensitive controlled special attacks the attacks are unique for each character, but not the motions , and access to any special move at any time. Some additional characters have also been added like Warmachine, The Punisher and Jean Grey. This version contains no online play but has a local multiplayer mode in which up to four players may play at once. The Platinum Hits version was released for the Xbox 360 in September 2007. A sequel, Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, was developed for multiple platforms by Vicarious Visions, n-Space and Savage Entertainment and released in 2009. Bonuses are also available if forming certain groups e.
As Civil War is stirred, Iron Man leads the Pro-Registration side while Captain America spearheads the stand on Anti-Registration. Doom and a newly reformed Masters of Evil have plans for world domination, and the heroes must band together to defeat them. A significantly different Game Boy Advance version was also created, developed by Barking Lizards Technologies. The game has a standard plot of the struggle between the forces of good and the forces of evil. Activision released eight additional downloadable characters on the Xbox 360 via the Xbox Live Marketplace on April 26, 2007 in a set of packs: a Hero Pack, consisting of Cyclops, Nightcrawler, Hawkeye, and the Hulk, and a Villain Pack, which includes Magneto, Sabretooth, Venom, and a playable Doctor Doom. Director of the organization Nick Fury gathers a team to confront the forces of evil. Players have the ability to level up the character and earn new abilities and powers.
Both platforms include Colossus, Moon Knight, and five additional comic book missions. The game also features a robust multiplayer component where fans can band together with friends as their favorite Marvel Super Heroes, and fight evil in both on and offline cooperative story modes. . The Platinum Hits version was released for the Xbox 360 in September 2007. The quality of the visuals can be customized according to your preferences. Marvel: Ultimate Alliance lets players create their ultimate team from the largest superhero alliance ever as they engage in an epic quest to determine the fate of the Marvel universe.
Some additional gameplay modes were added into this version of the game including a S. The gameplay of this game is similar to those of the X-Men Legends series. There may be also a competitive Mode in which the game tracks various in-sport stats so gamers can see how properly they stack up in opposition to one another — affecting the quantity of experience points earned and how device is sent. You need these programs for the game to run. Marvel: Ultimate Alliance is a computer game, based on the subjects of comics Marvel.
The game was initially released on October 24, 2006 in North America for most platforms, with PlayStation 3 and Wii ports following shortly thereafter, as well as international releases. Extract this file the game using application to your computer or your psp and be happy. The Gold Edition was released for the Xbox 360 in May 2007 which includes the standard game bundled with all downloadable content. Marvel Ultimate Alliance is an amazing action and adventure game. The game allows players to select a team of four given characters from a larger pool of heroes and villains; team members are interchangeable and may be swapped during gameplay.
A number of custom characters including Jean Grey, Emma Frost, War Machine, and Punisher are available. How To Install This Game? Marvel: Ultimate Alliance features a storyline where the missions players accept, the objectives they complete, and their interactions with other characters throughout the game directly impact how the story plays out. We revolutionized the downloading scene and will continue being your 1 site for free games. The game was initially released on October 24, 2006 in North America for most platforms, with PlayStation 3 and Wii ports following shortly thereafter, as well as international releases. There's also a Competitive Mode where the game tracks various in-game stats so players can see how well they stack up against one another - affecting the amount of experience points earned and how equipment is distributed. A sequel, Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, was developed for multiple platforms by Vicarious Visions, n-Space and Savage Entertainment and released in 2009.
As Civil War is stirred, Iron Man leads the Pro-Registration side while Captain America spearheads the stand on Anti-Registration. He can delete the necessary files for the game! But what many people hate is downloading so many parts and trying to install them on their own. Just download and start playing it. The Marvel Universe is being torn apart. Each character, in addition to the usual attacks, has superpower. Wonder: remaining Alliance offers total team customization, where gamers create their very own group name, icon and vehicle, in addition to establish their team recognition as they play throughout the story. The Xbox version of the game has no changes from the standard PlayStation 2 edition, however, a community-based modification has been released which adds Gambit, Hulk, Iron Fist, Moon Knight, and War Machine Iron Man's third outfit being replaced by another costume to the game.

domain: game


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Portos Surf Cafe opened in its doors in April’ 2008 at the intersection of Rosecrans and Highland on the border of El Porto and Manhattan Beach in the South Bay. Literally, a stones throw from the ocean, Portos serves up tasty, eclectic socially responsible casual grub to its loyal patrons.
Everyone who comes to Portos seems to know Ryan White(owner, operator and chef) around here. At Portos Its a 2 man show spearheaded by Ryan and Dave. Ryan works the line and everything in between, while Dave the delivery guy will do whatever it takes to get customers their food. From El Segundo to Hermosa, Long Beach, Hollywood and Beyond, Portos has you covered.
Don’t be fooled by Portos small size. Efficiency is king at this surf-side eatery and all orders are cranked out at a machines pace. Limited bar seating allows guests to dine in and to-go orders are blasted out exponentially to customers all over the city.
Ryan decided to “go green” with Portos in response to his love for the beach, ocean, nature and community. Keeping the community clean is important because nature is our playground. Portos is GRA certified by the Green Restaurant Association and is recognized nationally as a “Green”, socially responsible dining establishment. Portos use of organic and socially responsible ingredients, packaging(to-go containers), recycled paper, recycling are just some of the criteria that the GRA endorses when issuing the designation to selected restaurants.
Portos is also endorced by the Clean Bay Restaurant association. Portos uses “free range certified organic grass fed beef for its burgers as well as natural hormone free chicken. Burgers are constantly being fired on the grill and transformed into artistic creations such as the Aggle, Beaster and not too distant cousin, the Pita burger. The smells and sounds of food cooking and reggae dub beats all unite in a harmonious symphony to the nose and taste-buds at Portos.
One look at the menu will make your mouth water and the creative names for menu items paint a vivid picture of the culinary roster of items for consumption. Sandwiches such as the Hot T.H.C. and the “What came first” delight guests. Other popular items include the Philly Cheesesteak, Pizzasteak, Aggle burger and Falafel. Sides that complete the meal are the Jalapeno bottle caps, Mixed Fries and Red Sweet Potato fries.
The food rush was in full swing during my visit and Ryan and Dave were juggling orders while making sure all customers were satisfied. Portos has customers coming back for more because of its use of fresh ingredients and creative menu options always give customers something new to try and experience. Its just another day at the beach for Portos. Come and try for yourself a taste of homegrown goodness where “Green” & Quality Fastfood meet in the Southbay.
Portos Surf Cafe
312 Rosecrans Avenue
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266


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USICH BlogUSICH Blog | Media Center | United States Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH) sssss
By Dr. Jama Shelton
It’s January again, and that means many of you are gearing up for your community’s annual Point in Time (PIT) Count. PIT counts are conducted by most Continuums of Care (COCs) during the last ten days in January. The PIT count includes people served in shelter programs every year, and in odd-numbered years, CoCs are also responsible for counting people who are unsheltered. Are you wondering how to reach youth in this year’s PIT count? Are you concerned that you don’t have the time or the resources to adequately plan for including youth in your 2015 Point in Time (PIT) count?
The True Colors Fund hopes to help relieve some of your concerns while providing the resources you need in order to reach as many youth as you can this year. We have developed the True Youth Count toolkit, based on the Youth Count! pilot, the process study of the pilot initiative, and the experiences of our partners around the country. The toolkit includes:
By Liz Osborn
For communities across the country, 2014 has been another year of continued progress in the effort to end homelessness. From the 2014 Point in Time (PIT) count data showing a 10 percent decline in overall homelessness since 2010, to 351 mayors, governors, and local officials joining the Mayors Challenge to End Veteran Homelessness, we have gained incredible momentum over the past year. Here are just a few of the events that helped to drive progress in 2014.
By Marley Duchovnay
I was eight or nine when the idea of working with people experiencing homelessness first crossed my mind. It had been a long day and some relatives and I were walking to dinner. The city was crowded and as we passed under a building’s scaffolding, through the fast-walking legs of adults, I saw a man crouched by the edge of the sidewalk. What struck me was that everyone ignored him. It seemed to me that I was the only one who could see him. Once we reached the restaurant I broke into tears. When I got home I explained what happened to my mom. “Maybe you can work with the homeless when you’re older” she said.
By Richard Cho
As the year draws to a close, I am struck by how far we have come in our effort to end homelessness. 2014 has indeed been a historic year. We have an Administration and White House that is fully committed to ending homelessness among populations, starting with Veterans in 2015, and where this commitment is not just a set of words, but a set of actions and a clear plan with clear measures. Mayors, governors, and county executives are themselves stepping up with commitments, followed by actions. Communities across the country are working hard to achieve their own local goals, bringing partners to the table, setting 100-day targets, creatively leveraging all resources possible, and helping hundreds of people every day to unlock doors to their own homes and to new lives.
By Matthew Doherty, Kelly King Horne and Libby Boyce
All across the country, communities are developing coordinated entry systems to streamline and facilitate access to appropriate housing and services for families and individuals experiencing homelessness. In the Greater Richmond area of Virginia and in Los Angeles County, California—like in other places—efforts to bring these systems online are in full swing.
Let’s hear from Richmond and Los Angeles County, who presented at the December 2014 full Council meeting regarding their local efforts to implement coordinated assessment, their successes, their lessons learned, and the challenges that they continue to tackle.
By Maria Foscarinis and Laura Green Zeilinger
Around the country, more communities are working in partnership with the Federal government to develop housing crisis response systems that effectively prevent and end homelessness. No longer can there be any question that ending homelessness is possible, if we dedicate resources and energy to this goal. This shift brings with it the opportunity for us to meet the basic human rights of everyone in our community—when we put people first and focus on the human need for housing and proven, cost-effective solutions, we can make a difference.
By Matthew Doherty
Many readers have likely heard about the great progress being made toward ending homelessness in Salt Lake and Utah. Earlier this fall, I had the privilege of joining more than 475 people for the 11th Annual Utah Homeless Summit organized by Utah Department of Workforce Services’ Housing and Community Development Division. The Summit also coincided with the release of Utah’s 2014 Comprehensive Report on Homelessness prepared by the State Community Services Office. The report describes the remarkable progress Utah has made under its ten-year plan to end both chronic and Veteran homelessness by the end of 2015, documenting that “Chronic homelessness has declined 72 percent since 2005 and chronic homelessness among Veterans has reached an effective zero.” Such progress should help convince skeptics that making progress on homelessness can be a reality in communities all across the country. Summit participants spent the day both celebrating Utah’s progress and engaging in dialogue to ensure that progress is sustained.
By Bentley Burdick
I think things are beginning to change in this country, both in small, grass roots movements and on a national front sweeping through the country. It’s easier now than ever for people to tell their stories, and I sense that people are beginning to want to hear voices of those less heard, voices like mine. My story may not make headlines but I realize now it is important none-the-less.
11/20/2014 - National Hunger and Homelessness Awareness Week Prompts Us to Look Ahead and Take Action
by Laura Green Zeilinger
This week is Hunger and Homelessness Awareness Week, a time when many Americans are engaged to help our neighbors who live without food security and without a safe and stable place to call home. For those of us who work to end hunger and homelessness year-round, this week provides a fresh opportunity to gain new ground, to meet and recruit new partners, to share meals with neighbors, and to extend a helping hand. It’s an opportunity to look forward and take action, a time to focus intently on the steps we need to take together to end hunger and homelessness once and for all.
by Colette (Coco) Auerswald, Jess Lin, Jessica Reed and Shahera Hyatt
The 2015 PIT count is an opportunity not only to better count youth, but also to obtain an improved and more nuanced picture nationally and locally of youth homelessness. As we work with our communities in California to prepare for the best count of homeless youth to date, we offer these suggestions to communities getting ready for the count nationwide.


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Life is a Gift Posters
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Type: Framed Art Print
Dimension: 15 x 18 inch
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domain: design