Toll collection on highways had dried off after a nationwide lockdown was announced in March to contain the spread of Covid-19 and the government decided to suspend tolling. But commercial vehicle traffic on the highways has gradually increased after the lockdown measures were relaxed, though movement of passenger vehicles remain muted.
“We have analysed the toll data for over 600 national highway toll plazas. June-July traffic data shows that it’s back to almost 80% of February levels. Agriculture and commodities, cement, ecommerce and FMCG were the key drivers for the commercial traffic growth,” Isha Chaudhary, director, CRISIL Research, told ET.
Rating agency ICRA said July toll collections were around 85% of pre-Covid levels. “Overall, the traffic in the first four months of FY2021 has rebounded quite well, which is encouraging. This is also corroborated by the e-way bills generated. This pace of recovery, if sustained, the overall reduction in toll collections for national highway projects could be less than 10% in FY2021,” said Rajeshwar Burla, vice president, corporate ratings, ICRA.
Industry experts point out that overall traffic growth in 2019-20 was almost flat due to the economic slowdown and change in axle load norms, after a 7-8% compounded annual growth rate in FY17-19. Despite the low base of FY20, the disruption caused in the first few months for FY21, coupled with the low utilisation levels of commercial vehicles, may result in a 10-15% annual decline in toll collection.
IRB Infrastructure Developers, one of the largest private roads and highways developers, said the phase-wise relaxation in lockdown has helped improve toll collection for June 2020 to 75% of pre-Covid levels, and there are signs of improvement.
“Toll collections were temporarily soft due to frequent and persisting lockdowns in the April-June quarter. With the phase-wise relaxations being implemented now, normalcy is expected soon, as is also reflected in collections for June 2020 surpassing 75% levels on year-on-year basis and improving further in July,” said Virendra Mhaiskar, chairman and managing director, IRB. “Construction activity is bouncing back gradually as well.”
With most of national highway stretches being arterial routes, about 75% of the toll collection comes from commercial vehicles. While the CV traffic may be inching close to the pre-Covid levels, passenger traffic is still around half of the pre-pandemic levels.
The roads industry will be closely monitoring traffic growth in the second half of the current fiscal, as their ability to service debt and credit profile hinges on a pickup in economic activity.
“Next year, we expect a v-shaped recovery in toll traffic because the base would be low and some pent up demand would be released, and many sectors may pick up,” Crisil’s Chaudhary said.
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Potential suitors for Container Corporation of India (Concor) have sought clarity over shareholder rights after the sale of a partial stake in the logistics major by the government.E-auction for RCap Later this Month; Base Bid at ₹5,231 Cr
Lenders of Reliance Capital will hold an e-auction later this month for Anil Ambani’s insolvent financial services company to identify the highest bidder, two people aware of the development told ET.Premium Models Drive Car, TV, Smartphone Sales in Diwali Season
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A giant mural has appeared depicting US presidential hopeful Donald Trump engaged in a passionate kiss with Boris Johnson.
Around the picture is painted the message, "Not #INFORTHIS? Register to vote on the EU referendum now!", in an apparent bid to encourage people to sign up to vote before the impending deadline.
The former London mayor is one of the biggest names campaigning for Britain to leave the European Union, while Republican presidential candidate Trump has also spoken out in favour of Brexit.
The mural, called "The Kiss of Death" was painted on the wall of Westmoreland House in Bristol earlier on Monday evening by a group of artists commissioned by campaign group We Are Europe..
The campaign is run by a "collective of friends, artists, campaigners, creatives and doers", and adds "many of us have never been involved in politics before."
The street art has generated a flurry of interest since it was first spotted, with pictures of the mural being shared hundreds of times on Twitter.
Labour Party Deputy Leader Tom Watson, a vocal Remain campaigner, shared an image of the painting, writing: "Graffiti in Bristol. It's mesmerising."
Harriet Kingaby, a spokesperson from We Are Europe, said: "People need to look at this image and think - is this the future I want? Research shows that most people in their 20s and 30s would vote to remain in the EU, but 7.5 million people still haven't registered to vote.
"Unless that changes, it's likely the UK will leave the EU and this is the kind of 'special relationship' that might become a reality. Don't let other people decide your future - register to vote before the deadline on June 7th."
Felix Braun, one of the artists who painted the mural, added: "Today was surreal and brilliant, painting a mural that evoked so much laughter and strong opinions from passers by.
"People were beeping their horns, stopping their cars to take pictures out of the window, shouting their approval, coming up and shaking our hands.
"I'm voting in and it was great to chat to so many people today who will be registering to do the same. It was a pleasure to be involved."
The EU Referendum will be held on June 23, and voter registration ends on June 7.


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14 September 2022
By the end of August 2022, 40 United Nations Member States (21 per cent of the total) had provided information on their exports and imports of conventional arms that took place in 2021 to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA), including for some international transfers of small arms and light weapons (SALW). If the number doesn’t change, this will be the lowest level of reporting to the UNROCA in its 30-year history (see graph 1). Twenty years ago, more than 120 UN Member States provided information to UNROCA. Is this the end of transparency in international arms transfers?
Graph 1. UNROCA submissions (Source: UNROCA. Note: The year shown at the bottom of the graph refers to the year in which the international transfer took place, not the year in which the UN Member State submitted its data to UNROCA. For example, UN Member States are called upon to report by 31 May 2022 on international transfers of conventional arms that took place in 2021.)
Reporting, reporting, reporting
At first glance, the situation looks dire. Yet, you can find information on orders and deliveries of conventional arms via multiple open sources on your phone. Further, there are multiple international and regional conventional arms instruments that call on or even require States to report annually on their exports and imports of conventional arms. European Union Member States and parties to the Inter-American Convention on transparency in conventional arms acquisitions for example, are required to annually report on their arms exports and imports, with information made publicly available by the EU and Organisation of American States (OAS) respectively. National governments around the world provide annual reports on their arms exports and acquisitions for consideration by a national legislature or as part of sub-regional information exchanges. So, perhaps the situation is not so bad overall, and it is just that the UNROCA is dying?
Box 1. UNROCA categories of conventional arms
I. Battle tanks
II. Armoured combat vehicles
III. Large-calibre artillery systems
IV. Combat aircraft and unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV)
V. Attack helicopters
VII. Missiles and missile launchers
+1. Small arms and light weapons
Note: The ATT has the same titles for categories of conventional arms as UNROCA, except that category (d) in ATT Article 2(1) is “combat aircraft” and category (h) “Small arms and light weapons” is a full category in the ATT. The 2022 Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on UNROCA has proposed a change to the heading and scope of category V, which if adopted by the General Assembly will become “Attack helicopters and rotary-wing unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV)”.
Since May 2016, States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) have submitted annual reports on their exports and imports of major conventional weapons and SALW (see Box 1 for information on ATT categories of conventional arms). While ATT Article 13(3) encourages States Parties to provide the same information for the ATT and UNROCA, ATT annual reporting rates are higher than those for UNROCA. This is despite the fact that all UN Member States are called upon to participate in UNROCA, while just over half of UN Member States are obliged to report on international arms transfers to the ATT Secretariat. Yet, whereas all submissions to UNROCA are publicly available, ATT States Parties can opt for their annual report to only be made available for other ATT States Parties. Of the 63 States Parties that had submitted their annual report for 2021 by 24 August 2022, 22 (35 per cent) had chosen not to make their report publicly available. Looked at this way, the figures for publicly reporting on arms exports and imports for the ATT and UNROCA look very similar, with 40 UNROCA submissions and 41 ATT annual reports publicly available. So, it is not just UNROCA that is failing to boost public reporting on international arms transfers.
Graph 2. ATT reporting 2015-2021 (Source: ATT Secretariat. Note: The year shown at the bottom of the graph refers to the year in which the international transfer took place, not the year in which the ATT State Party submitted its data on international transfers of conventional arms to the ATT Secretariat. For example, ATT States Parties are obliged to submit an annual report by 31 May 2022 on imports and exports of conventional arms that took place in 2021.)
Public reporting on arms exports continues…
While the ATT and UNROCA have not (yet) clearly established the norm of public reporting on international arms transfers, the world’s largest arms exporters have used both mechanisms to publicly report on arms exports. The top 20 largest arms exporters for the period 2012-2021, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s (SIPRI) arms transfer database, have all made information on arms exports publicly available via the ATT or UNROCA. Only a handful of these States made information on their arms exports publicly available 30 years ago.
SIPRI estimates that these States account for 98% of the global volume of international arms transfers. Therefore, ATT annual reports and UNROCA should provide a good overview of the global flow of conventional arms. Unfortunately, SIPRI data also shows that the nature of the international arms trade is changing, with many states turning to licensed production and technology transfer arrangements under which complete weapons systems do not travel from country A to country B, but conventional arms are produced or assembled in the “importing” state and thus not reported by States as an “international transfer”.
…but what about reporting on acquisitions?
Member States can provide information on all forms of acquisitions of major conventional arms to UNROCA – via import and national production. Participation in UNROCA is voluntary, but providing information on procurement through national production is considered an additional secondary layer of information compared to reporting on imports – and only four States provided such information in their submission for acquisitions in 2021 (i.e. in their 2022 submission). Since 1994, GGEs have been appointed by the UN Secretary General to consider how to enhance the operation, increase participation, and ensure the relevance of the UNROCA. The issue of upgrading reporting on procurement through national production has been considered by every group. The only recommended change has been made by the 2022 GGE, which provides a reference form for use by those Member States that elect to provide such information.
The authors, UNIDIR’s Anna E. Mensah (far left) and Paul Holtom (second left), consult with Chair Muanpuii Saiawi during the 2022 Group of Governmental Experts on the UN Register of Conventional Arms.
While changing the status of reporting such information could help to show that UNROCA does not require Member States that acquire their conventional arms via imports to be more transparent than those that acquire their arms via national production, it is unlikely to help overcome some of the main challenges for increasing participation. Many Member States have limited capacities and under-developed (or non-existent) national procedures for collecting and processing data on international arms transfers for the ATT and UNROCA, but is a technical approach sufficient for increasing public reporting on arms exports and imports, as well as procurement through national production?
Can we reverse the decline in public reporting on international arms transfers?
The 2022 GGE on the UNROCA and the ATT Working Group on Transparency and Reporting (WGTR) have provided many good ideas for building national capacities to enable data collection and processing to compile UNROCA submissions and ATT annual reports, with a focus on supporting national points of contact responsible for coordinating such report compiling processes. Both have also highlighted opportunities for international cooperation and assistance to support such efforts, as well as identifying the benefits for increasing trust and building confidence between States and helping to identify potential conflict and diversion risks by examining reports and engaging with States and international and regional organizations on these issues. It is critical that efforts to increase public reporting on international arms transfers address the specific challenges faced by individual States, rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach for explaining the benefits and alleviating the administrative burden of reporting.
The Seventh Conference of States Parties to the ATT also endorsed an amendment to the annual reporting format that asks if relevant information contained in the ATT annual report could be used by the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) as the basis for its UNROCA submission. In 2022, some 18 ATT States Parties indicated that their ATT annual report could be used in such a manner. At the time of writing, UNODA has not yet processed this information, so it is not yet clear if these 18 States have already submitted information to UNROCA or if this will lead to an increase in the number of UNROCA submissions for 2022. Yet such efforts to explore if one report can satisfy multiple reporting commitments and obligations to reduce national reporting burdens appears to be a positive development.
One hopes that all States will publicly report on their arms exports and imports to provide opportunities to understand international arms flows. Conventional arms continue to be the main weapons used in conflicts around the world, causing death and destruction, setting back socioeconomic development, and slowing progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. While open sources provide some information on the flows into conflict areas, it is only public reporting by States that can provide genuine trust and confidence-building. Thus, transparency in international transfers and the acquisition of conventional arms through national production remains as important for international peace and security today as it was 30 years ago.
Paul Holtom is the Head of the Conventional Arms and Ammunition Programme at UNIDIR, where Anna Edna Esi Mensah is also an Associate Researcher. The authors served as consultants to the 2022 Group of Governmental Experts on the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.

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[ Previous |
AIX Version 4.3 Assembler Language Reference
About This Book
This book provides information on the assembler language program as implemented by the AIX Version 4 assembler. Topics covered include assembler operation, instructions, pseudo-operations, and extended mnemonics for the POWER and PowerPC architectures and their supported processors.
Note: The information in this book can also be found on the AIX Version 4.3 Extended Documentation CD. This online documentation is designed to be viewed with an HTML version 3.2 compatible
Who Should Use This Book
This book is intended for experienced assembler language programmers. To use this book effectively, you should be familiar with AIX or UNIX System V commands, assembler instructions, pseudo-ops, and processor register usage.
Before You Begin
This book does not teach readers how to program or operate their system. Furthermore, this book contains little or no information about:
- Any commands, system calls, subroutines, or programming aids that are part of the local operating system, except for limited information on the as, ld, and cc commands.
- Any hardware features. This book does give brief explanations about some processor registers and their use.
- Details regarding privileged instructions.
How to Use This Book
Overview of Contents
This book contains the following chapters and appendixes:
- Chapter 1, "Assembler Overview," provides a brief overview of the AIX Version 4 assembler and its features.
- Chapter 2, "Processing and Storage," provides an overview and comparison of the POWER and PowerPC architectures, and discusses the basic functions for the POWER and PowerPC instruction sets.
- Chapter 3, "Syntax and Semantics," discusses the syntax and semantics of the assembler language.
- Chapter 4, "Addressing," discusses addressing modes.
- Chapter 5, "Assembling and Linking a Program," discusses assembling and linking a program, assembler passes, assembler listings, symbol cross-references, subroutine linkage conventions, and the Table of Contents (TOC).
- Chapter 6, "Extended Instruction Mnemonics," discusses extended mnemonics for POWER and PowerPC.
- Chapter 7, "Migrating Source Programs," discusses migrating POWER and PowerPC source programs.
- Chapter 8, "Instruction Set," provides reference information for POWER and PowerPC instructions.
- Chapter 9, "Pseudo-ops," provides an overview of assembler pseudo-ops and reference information for all pseudo-ops.
- Appendix A, "Messages," lists and explains error and warning messages generated by the assembler.
- Appendix B through Appendix G contain tables providing summary information about the instruction set.
The following highlighting conventions are used in this book:
|| Identifies commands, subroutines, keywords, files, structures, directories, and other items whose names are predefined by the system.|
|| Identifies parameters whose actual names or values are to be supplied by the user.|
|| Identifies examples of specific data values, examples of text similar to what you might see displayed, examples of portions of program code similar to what you might write as a programmer, messages from the system, or information you should actually type.|
ISO 9000 registered quality systems were used in the development and manufacturing of this product.
The following books contain information about or related to the assembler:
- AIX and Related Products Documentation Overview, order number SC23-2456.
- AIX Version 4.3 Commands Reference, order number SBOF-1877.
- AIX Version 4.3 General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs, order number SC23-4128.
- PowerPC Architecture, order number SR28-5124.
- PowerPC 603 RISC Microprocessor User's Manual, MPR603UMU-01. IBM Microelectronics, Mail Stop A25/862-1, PowerPC Marketing, 1000 River Street, Essex Junction, VT 05452. Telephone 1-800-769-3772.
You can order publications from your sales representative or from your point of sale.
If you received a printed copy of AIX and Related Products Documentation Overview with your system, use that book for information on related publications and for instructions on ordering them.
[ Previous |

domain: library


Two uranium mining companies said on Wednesday they are “confident” that US President Donald Trump will implement limits on uranium imports after the Commerce Department recommended urgent steps to boost domestic production of a list of 35 “critical minerals” that included the nuclear fuel.
The White House is currently reviewing a petition lodged by the companies, Ur-Energy and Energy Fuels, that asks the president to require that at least a quarter of US uranium needs are filled by domestic supply, and requiring US federal power utilities and agencies to buy US uranium.
Trump is expected to decide on the petition by July.
“It’s clear that the administration recognizes that relying on imported uranium creates a strategic vulnerability for our economy, military and overall security,” Paul Goranson, COO of Energy Fuels, and John Cash, vice president of regulatory affairs at Ur-Energy, said in a joint statement to Reuters. “We are confident that he will recognize the danger of imported uranium and use his authority to address this threat and protect US national security.”
The Commerce Department’s report on Tuesday came after Chinese officials suggested rare earths and other critical minerals could be used as leverage in the trade war between the world’s largest economic powers. The report was initially due for release late last year.
US reliance on foreign minerals has worried US officials since 2010, when China – a major global source of the minerals – embargoed exports to Japan during a diplomatic row.
Rare earth minerals are essential for the manufacture of mobile phones and a host of other consumer goods, as well as fighter jets. Uranium is mainly used by the nuclear power industry and for weapons.
Tuesday’s Commerce report included 61 specific recommendations – including low-interest loans and “Buy American” requirements for defense companies – to boost domestic production of minerals.
The measures would throw a lifeline to the struggling domestic uranium mining industry, which in 2017 saw production fall to near historic lows. Current uranium prices are hovering in the mid-$20s/lb compared to highs over $140/lb in 2007.
But some Western Democratic lawmakers and environmental groups raised concerns on Wednesday that greenlighting measures to boost domestic production would put iconic Western landscapes and sacred tribal lands at risk.
The Commerce Department report recommended that both the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service review all areas that are currently “withdrawn” – or protected – from development and assess whether those restrictions should be lifted or reduced to allow for critical mineral development.
It also proposed altering how the Interior Department and its agencies review mining projects under the bedrock National Environmental Policy Act, urging expedited environmental studies and identifying minerals which can be excluded from environmental reviews.
US House Natural Resources Committee Chairman Raul Grijalva said at a hearing on Wednesday that such measures could open uranium-rich areas near Arizona’s Grand Canyon. He urged Congress to pass his Grand Canyon Centennial Protection Act, which would put a permanent ban on new mining claims on one million acres north and south of the national park.


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Marine Ollivier, Magalie Haissaguerre, Amandine Ferriere, and Antoine Tabarin
Magalie Haissaguerre, Marie Puerto, Marie-Laure Nunes, and Antoine Tabarin
Jacques Young, Magalie Haissaguerre, Oceana Viera-Pinto, Olivier Chabre, Eric Baudin, and Antoine Tabarin
Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is rare but is frequently a severe condition because of the intensity of the hypercortisolism that may be dissociated from the tumoral condition. EAS should often be considered as an endocrine emergency requiring an emergency response both in terms of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions. Patient management is complex and necessitates dual skills, in the diagnosis and treatment of CS and in the specific management of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Therefore, initial management should be performed ideally by experienced endocrinology teams in collaboration with specialized hormonal laboratory, modern imaging platforms and intensive care units. Diagnostic procedures vary according to the endocrine and tumoral contexts but should be reduced to a minimum in intense hypercortisolism. Preventive and curative treatments of cortisol-induced comorbidities, non-specific management of hypercortisolism and etiological treatments should be considered simultaneously. Therapeutic strategies vary according to (1.) the intensity of hypercortisolism, the general condition of the patient and associated comorbidities and (2.) the tumoral status, ranging from resectable ACTH secreting tumors to non-resectable metastatic endocrine tumors or occult tumors. The ideal treatment is complete excision of the ACTH-secreting tumor that can be performed rapidly or after preoperative preparation using cortisol-lowering drugs. When this is not possible, the therapeutic strategy should be discussed by a multidisciplinary experienced team in a personalized perspective and include variable combinations of pharmacological agents, bilateral adrenalectomy and non-specific tumoral interventions. Here we discuss the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies including the modern, currently available tools and emphasize on the operational effectiveness of care.
Antoine Tabarin, Magalie Haissaguerre, Hélène Lassole, Arnaud Jannin, Anne-Cecile Paepegaey, Olivier Chabre, and Jacques Young
Lucie Coppin, Amandine Ferrière, Michel Crépin, Magalie Haissaguerre, Miriam Ladsous, Antoine Tabarin, and Marie-Françoise Odou
Julie Brossaud, Léa Charret, Delia De Angeli, Magalie Haissaguerre, Amandine Ferriere, Marie Puerto, Blandine Gatta-Cherifi, Jean-Benoît Corcuff, and Antoine Tabarin
Hair cortisol (HF) and cortisone (HE) measurements reflect tissular exposure to cortisol over months and are increased in overt Cushing’s syndrome (CS). No data is available in mild CS. We compared the diagnostic performance of HF and HE between patients with overt or mild CS.
Single centre retrospective study.
HF&HE were measured by LC-MS/MS in 48 consecutive adult females with Cushing’s disease (CD), ectopic ACTH syndrome, secreting adenomas and carcinomas, and adrenal incidentalomas. All had impaired dexamethasone suppression tests. Overt CS (n = 25) was diagnosed in front of specific symptoms, a mean UFC (>1.5 ULN) and increased midnight serum cortisol or salivary cortisol. Mild CS (n = 23) was diagnosed in patients lacking specific symptoms and displaying at least one additional biological abnormality including mildly increased UFC (≤1.5 ULN), increased midnight serum cortisol or salivary cortisol and suppressed plasma ACTH in patients with adrenal tumours. In this study, 84 healthy subjects and obese patients served as controls.
HF and HE showed roughly similar performance in overt CS (92 and 100% sensitivity, 91 and 99% specificity, respectively). HF and HE were lower in mild CS but higher than in controls (P < 0.01). HE was correlated with midnight serum cortisol (P < 0.02) and volume of adrenal incidentalomas (P < 0.04) but not with UFC. HF and HE had 59% and 68% sensitivity, and 79 and 94% specificity, respectively, for the diagnosis of mild CS. Contrary to UFC, both HF and HE were in the range of overt CS in 11/23 patients with mild CS. Patients with mild CS and increased HE required more antihypertensive treatments and showed worser lipid profiles than patients with normal HE.
HF and HE measurement performed better in overt than in mild CS but is a useful adjunct to diagnose mild CS and to identify adrenocortical incidentalomas responsible for excessive cortisol exposure.
Hélène Lasolle, Christine Cortet, Fréderic Castinetti, Lucie Cloix, Philippe Caron, Brigitte Delemer, Rachel Desailloud, Christel Jublanc, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Jean-Louis Sadoul, Luc Taillandier, Marie Batisse-Lignier, Fabrice Bonnet, Nathalie Bourcigaux, Damien Bresson, Olivier Chabre, Philippe Chanson, Cyril Garcia, Magalie Haissaguerre, Yves Reznik, Sophie Borot, Chiara Villa, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Stephan Gaillard, Emmanuel Jouanneau, Guillaume Assié, and Gérald Raverot
Only few retrospective studies have reported an efficacy rate of temozolomide (TMZ) in pituitary tumors (PT), all around 50%. However, the long-term survival of treated patients is rarely evaluated. We therefore aimed to describe the use of TMZ on PT in clinical practice and evaluate the long-term survival.
Multicenter retrospective study by members of the French Society of Endocrinology.
Forty-three patients (14 women) treated with TMZ between 2006 and 2016 were included. Most tumors were corticotroph (n = 23) or lactotroph (n = 13), and 14 were carcinomas. Clinical/pathological characteristics of PT, as well as data from treatment evaluation and from the last follow-up were recorded. A partial response was considered as a decrease in the maximal tumor diameter by more than 30% and/or in the hormonal rate by more than 50% at the end of treatment.
The median treatment duration was 6.5 cycles (range 2–24), using a standard regimen for most and combined radiotherapy for six. Twenty-two patients (51.2%) were considered as responders. Silent tumor at diagnosis was associated with a poor response. The median follow-up after the end of treatment was 16 months (0–72). Overall survival was significantly higher among responders (P = 0.002); however, ten patients relapsed 5 months (0–57) after the end of TMZ treatment, five in whom TMZ was reinitiated without success.
Patients in our series showed a 51.2% response rate to TMZ, with an improved survival among responders despite frequent relapses. Our study highlights the high variability and lack of standardization of treatment protocols.
Lucie Coppin, Sophie Giraud, Eric Pasmant, Arnaud Lagarde, Marie-Odile North, Lauriane Le-Collen, Valérie Aubert, Grégory Mougel, Miriam Ladsous, Alyzée Louboutin, Hedia Brixi, Magalie Haissaguerre, Nicolas Scheyer, Marc Klein, Antoine Tabarin, Brigitte Delemer, Anne Barlier, Marie-Françoise Odou, and Pauline Romanet
MEN1 is an autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome characterized by several endocrine tumors, in most cases affecting the parathyroid glands, pancreas, and anterior pituitary. It is the result of inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1. More than 1300 different mutations have been identified in this gene. Mosaic MEN1 mutations have been previously described in only a few patients in the literature. In this paper, we provide a review of six cases of MEN1 mosaicism reported in the literature supplemented with six additional cases described by the French TENgen network of laboratories. This review highlights that (i) MEN1 mosaicism is not associated with a mild phenotype and results in the same natural history as heterozygous MEN1 mutation and (ii) that more systematic detection of MEN1 mosaic mutation enables improvements in both patient monitoring and genetic counseling.
Lucas Bouys, Anna Vaczlavik, Anne Jouinot, Patricia Vaduva, Stéphanie Espiard, Guillaume Assié, Rossella Libé, Karine Perlemoine, Bruno Ragazzon, Laurence Guignat, Lionel Groussin, Léopoldine Bricaire, Isadora Pontes Cavalcante, Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano, Hervé Lefebvre, Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson, Nicolas Chevalier, Philippe Touraine, Christel Jublanc, Camille Vatier, Gérald Raverot, Magalie Haissaguerre, Luigi Maione, Matthias Kroiss, Martin Fassnacht, Sophie Christin-Maitre, Eric Pasmant, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Antoine Tabarin, Marie-Christine Vantyghem, Martin Reincke, Peter Kamenicky, Marie-Odile North, Jérôme Bertherat, and the COMETE and ENSAT networks groups and collaborators
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by adrenal macronodules and variable levels of cortisol excess, with not clearly established clinical diagnostic criteria. It can be caused by ARMC5 germline pathogenic variants. In this study, we aimed to identify predictive criteria for ARMC5 variants.
We included 352 consecutive index patients from 12 European centers, sequenced for germline ARMC5 alteration. Clinical, biological and imaging data were collected retrospectively.
52 patients (14.8%) carried ARMC5 germline pathogenic variants and showed a more distinct phenotype than non-mutated patients for cortisol excess (24-h urinary free cortisol 2.32 vs 1.11-fold ULN, respectively, P < 0.001) and adrenal morphology (maximal adrenal diameter 104 vs 83 mm, respectively, P < 0.001) and were more often surgically or medically treated (67.9 vs 36.8%, respectively, P < 0.001). ARMC5-mutated patients showed a constant, bilateral adrenal involvement and at least a possible autonomous cortisol secretion (defined by a plasma cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression above 50 nmol/L), while these criteria were not systematic in WT patients (78.3%). The association of these two criteria holds a 100% sensitivity and a 100% negative predictive value for ARMC5 pathogenic variant.
We report the largest series of index patients investigated for ARMC5 and confirm that ARMC5 pathogenic variants are associated with a more severe phenotype in most cases. To minimize negative ARMC5 screening, genotyping should be limited to clear bilateral adrenal involvement and autonomous cortisol secretion, with an optimum sensitivity for routine clinical practice. These findings will also help to better define PBMAH diagnostic criteria.
Pia Burman, Jacqueline Trouillas, Marco Losa, Ann McCormack, Stephan Petersenn, Vera Popovic, Marily Theodoropoulou, Gerald Raverot, Olaf M Dekkers, and
To describe clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment outcomes in a large cohort of aggressive pituitary tumours (APT)/pituitary carcinomas (PC).
Electronic survey August 2020–May 2021.
96% of 171 (121 APT, 50 PC), initially presented as macro/giant tumours, 6 were microadenomas (5 corticotroph). Ninety-seven tumours, initially considered clinically benign, demonstrated aggressive behaviour after 5.5 years (IQR: 2.8–12). Of the patients, 63% were men. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumours constituted 30% of the APT/PC, and the gonadotroph subtypes were under-represented. Five out of 13 silent corticotroph tumours and 2/6 silent somatotroph tumours became secreting. Metastases were observed after median 6.3 years (IQR 3.7–12.1) from diagnosis. At the first surgery, the Ki67 index was ≥3% in 74/93 (80%) and ≥10% in 38/93 (41%) tumours. An absolute increase of Ki67 ≥ 10% after median of 6 years from the first surgery occurred in 18/49 examined tumours. Tumours with an aggressive course from outset had higher Ki67, mitotic counts, and p53. Temozolomide treatment in 156/171 patients resulted in complete response in 9.6%, partial response in 30.1%, stable disease in 28.1%, and progressive disease in 32.2% of the patients. Treatment with bevacizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy resulted in partial regression in 1/10, 1/6, and 3/11, respectively. Median survival in APT and PC was 17.2 and 11.3 years, respectively. Tumours with Ki67 ≥ 10% and ACTH-secretion were associated with worse prognosis.
APT/PCs exhibit a wide and challenging spectrum of behaviour. Temozolomide is the first-line chemotherapy, and other oncological therapies are emerging. Treatment response continues to be difficult to predict with currently studied biomarkers.

domain: medical


text:
Young Sinatra — Logic
Robert Bryson Hall II grew up in a rough neighborhood without a father and struggled to apply himself in school, eventually dropping out in 10th grade because of poor academic performance.
Fortunately for Hall, his mentor, Solomon Taylor, guided him toward music, helping Hall spawn a moderately successful Internet rap career under the name Logic. Young Sinatra, his second mixtape under the Logic name, takes from several East Coast styles — mainly Jay Z and Wu-Tang Clan — combining serious lyrics with pop-oriented production.
Since the release of Young Sinatra, Logic has honed his talent, signed to a label and found success with two studio albums, including his most recent, The Incredible True Story, which sold over 140,000 copies in its
Tracks to listen to: “All I Do,” “Let Me Go,” “As I Am”
10 Day — Chance the Rapper
Chancelor Bennett, known by his pseudonym Chance the Rapper, started recording his first solo project, 10 Day, following a 10-day suspension from high school for marijuana possession.
Bennett didn’t release the tape after the suspension. It wasn’t until a full year later, in 2012, that 10 Day founds its way to the Internet. The mixtape took off locally for its sample-heavy and eclectic sound, drawing comparisons to early Kanye West and Outkast for its up-beat production style.
The quick success of 10 Day built connections for Bennett, leading to his first mainstream release, 2013’s Acid Rap.
Tracks to listen to: “14,400 Minutes,” “Family,” “Prom Night”

domain: artistic


Rose Bowl Game - Oklahoma v Georgia
Harry How/Getty Images
Continuing that ratings success could be difficult for ESPN with an all-Southeastern Conference championship game Jan. 8 matching Alabama and Georgia in Atlanta. The all-SEC championship after the 2011 season between Alabama and LSU was the lowest-rated title game in the Bowl Championship Series' 16-year history.
Magnus said the regional matchup is not necessarily cause for concern, not after having Clemson and Alabama in the championship game the past two years, teams from different conferences but both from the South.
"It would always be to our advantage just from a pure fan interest perspective to have teams representing multiple regions of the country," Magnus said. "That being said, Alabama is the No. 1 draw in the sport now from a television perspective, or maybe you can argue they flip-flop with Ohio State. They're a gigantic brand and huge draw. I like the buzz Georgia is getting coming off that great Rose Bowl game."


text:
A nine-year-old boy is to receive a payout from the NHS following a High Court ruling over a hospital blunder that left him with devastating brain damage during birth.
Logan Sims, from Willenhall, suffers from Cerebal Palsy, meaning he needs 24-hour care, after midwives at Walsall Manor Hospital delayed notifying a doctor when his heart rate began dropping during his birth in May 2004.
This delayed Logan’s delivery by emergency caesarian section, leading to his brain being starved of oxygen and causing permanent damage.
Mrs Justice Swift approved an agreement that Walsall Hospital NHS Trust would compensate Logan for his injuries at the Royal Courts of Justice in London on October 7.
His relieved Mum Stella, 41, said: “Logan is a bright, funny and caring boy, but he understandably gets very frustrated at not being able to keep up with his brothers, who all dote on him.
“The court approval is the first significant step towards Logan gaining access to the funds for the lifetime of care that he needs to live as independent a life as possible and we’re very relieved things are now moving forwards.
“Despite the challenges he faces, he makes us smile every day with his love for life and cheeky personality.”
Parents Stella and David who have three other teenage boys and a ten-year-old, provide round-the-clock care for Logan.
Their solicitor, Lisa Jordan, at Birmingham law firm Irwin Mitchell, said: “Logan is profoundly disabled but the devotion and care his parents have provided to him is nothing short of incredible.”
Mr Amir Khan, Medical Director at Walsall Helathcare NHS Trust, said: “Investigations into Logan’s legal claim led to a compromise being reached. The parties will now work together to ascertain the appropriate amount of compensation Logan should receive. We offer our best wishes to Logan and his family.”


text:
News: Lancet has released a first of its kind study to estimate the effect of air pollution on pregnancy loss across the South Asia region.
- About the Study: The study combined data from household surveys on health from 1998-2016 (from women who reported at least one pregnancy loss and one or more live births) and estimated exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy through combining satellite with atmospheric modelling outputs.
Key Highlights of the Study:
Air Quality and Pregnancy Loss:
- Poor air quality is associated with a considerable proportion of pregnancy loss in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
- An estimated 349,681 pregnancy losses per year in South Asia were associated with exposure to PM2.5 concentrations that exceeded India’s air quality standard (more than 40 µg/m³) accounting for 7% of annual pregnancy loss in the region from 2000-2016.
- Gestational exposure to PM2.5 was also associated with an increased likelihood of pregnancy loss and this remained significant after adjusting for other factors.
- Each increase in 10 µg/m³ was estimated to increase a mother’s risk of pregnancy loss by 3%. The increase in risk was greater for mothers from rural areas or those who became pregnant at an older age, compared to younger mothers from urban areas.
How Air Quality Can Cause Pregnancy Loss?
- The reason behind the air pollution to cause pregnancy loss is that the fine particles have been reported to cross the blood placenta barrier and harm the embryo directly.
- Exposure to poor air quality can cause disorders such as inflammation, oxidative stress and blood pressure elevation which can act as factors to increase the risk of pregnancy loss.


text:
Iced Coffee-Ice Cream Slushy
PersonalPoints™ per serving
Get you mid-afternoon caffeine-boost with this 3-ingredient blended coffee beverage. Just puree a WW ice cream bar with cold brewed coffee and ice, pour into a large glass and enjoy at home or on the go. Make it your own by swapping in your favorite WW ice cream bar. Click the edit button on this recipe to search and add the ice cream bar of your choice.
WW English toffee crunch ice cream bar
1 bar(s), or other flavor
8 fl oz, chilled
- Remove stick from ice cream bar; blend with cold coffee and ice.
- Makes 1 serving.

domain: food


text:
As the third week of the Williamson County football season closes, here are select scores from the night's action.
Nolensville 53, Lincoln Co. 6
The Nolensville Knights got their first win of the season in a rout of Lincoln Co. at home Friday night.
Running back Samson Johnson rushed for the first two touchdowns of the night and the Knights never looked back.
Nolensville (1-2) will get a fresh challenge at Ensworth next week.
Page 47, Spring Hill 6
The Patriots are a perfect 3-0 on the season after Friday's home win vs. Spring Hill.
They'll visit a 1-2 Coffee County team next week.
Fairview 41, Stewart Co. 27
Stewart Co. got up 14-0 early in the game, but Fairview charged back hard to score six rushing touchdowns and secure the victory.
It was the team's first game on its new turf field.
The 2-1 Yellowjackets will be back home next week for Westview.
Grace Christian Academy 16, Collinwood 12
The Grace Christian Academy Lions are off to the best start in school history.
The Lions have never started a season 3-0, but Friday's road win at Collinwood cemented a historic night for the program.
The team returns home next week for a 1-2 Friendship Christian to try and keep the winning streak alive.
Briarcrest 17, Brentwood Academy 7
Pope John Paul II 21, Father Ryan 14
Davidson Academy 42, Franklin Road Academy 21

domain: news


text:
With director Jeffrey Nachmanoff’s Replicas opening in theaters this weekend, I recently sat down with Keanu Reeves and Alice Eve to talk about the sci-fi thriller. In the film, Reeves plays a neuroscientist on the verge of successfully transferring human consciousness into a computer when his family is tragically killed in a car crash. Desperate to get them back, he recruits a fellow scientist (Thomas Middleditch) to help him secretly clone their bodies and create replicas. As they race against time to save them, Reeves is pitted against a government-controlled laboratory, a police task force and the physical laws of science. Replicas also stars John Ortiz.
During the wide-ranging interview with Keanu Reeves and Alice Eve, they talked about the technology being pursued in the film and asking the question of what would you do if you had access to it, memorable moments from filming, how they bonded with the kids, what Reeves did as a producer on the project, and more. In addition, they shared some fun stories about the last time they had to audition for something, what it’s like to have a meeting with a possible director or co-star, and how Reeves got involved in Pixar’s Toy Story 4.
Check out what they had to say in the player above and below is exactly what they talked about.
Keanu Reeves & Alice Eve – Replicas
- Alice Eve reminisces about making Starter for 10.
- The technology in the film.
- The film asks what would you do if you had access to the technology.
- When was the last time they auditioned for something and what is it like having a meeting with a possible director or co-star?
- How did Reeves get involved in Toy Story 4?
- What Reeves did as a producer on the film.
- Memorable moments from filming.

domain: entertainment


text:
B-roll "A Taste of Lāhainā" and hula noho
Scenic footage of A Taste of Lāhainā food festival recorded at the Lāhainā Cannery Mall on September 10, 1999 for the documentary "Lahaina: Waves of Change." Footage includes Eddie and Myrna Kamae, Claybourne Smith, and Chris Smith sitting under a shady tree discussing recording the Taste of Lāhainā food festival; set up of vendor tents and stage; and Lahaina Sugar Cane Train in the distance. Also included is Malihini Keahi-Heath doing a hula noho (hula performed in the sitting position) of "Kananaka" and interviews with Keahi-Heath and Pua Lindsey separately. Keahi shares the story of "Kananaka." Lindsey talks about Kauhai Likua being a composer; and the families of Ukumehame.
This has been a small clip of the full video available. For more information about this title and the materials associated with it, please contact the archive.


text:
Even though it’s only a few weeks before the Christmas holiday. I don’t have much to do – thankfully. Our family keeps it simple since my Mom’s stoke. We don’t exchange gifts anymore. Instead, each of us puts money into a fund that we donate to a local charity, as a family. We know how blessed we are and that gifts don’t make us any happier than we already are. But for someone who has nothing, a little help makes all the difference.
I don’t have to look very hard to see that there are a lot of families struggling this year. With so many lost jobs and rising prices, families are having a pretty hard time. Young children don’t understand why Santa can’t fill the space underneath the tree. They don’t’ understand that you can’t buy new lights for the tree to replace the ones that burned out last year when things weren’t so bad. Children don’t understand that look in a father’s eye when he hears them tell a friend about the new game they’d love to have but that he can’t afford. And, they don’t understand why Mom is so sad. She just doesn’t know how to tell them they won’t be able to travel to Grandma’s this year.
Yes, life is hard for a lot of folks right now. As the season approaches, I am reminded of those who have lost a loved one this year to illness or accident. It will be their first Christmas alone with all the memories of past seasons and happy times. This will be a lonely holiday. I find myself thinking of the elderly in nursing homes, lost in their old memories of times gone by. Will there be anyone to hold their hand on Christmas and offer a smile while listening to their stories?
My mind wanders today, to the soldiers far from home and the families praying for their safe return. And then there are the first responders, the medics, the firemen, the police, who will spend the holiday helping others while their families celebrate without them. I think of those that are sick, knowing that this will be their last Christmas with loved ones. How do you smile when your time is so short?
It would be so easy to be sad but I can’t be. I have so much faith in the human spirit; the goodness in people, and I know that around the world, people are reaching out to make the holidays a little brighter for those in need. As hard as things are these days, I am encouraged by the people I know who are generous and caring and who I know will be doing as much for others as they do for themselves. It gives me hope for the future.
The holidays will come and go but the compassion I see all around me will go on. It tells me that there is far more good in the world than evil and that is what feeds my dream of a brighter tomorrow for all the world. Yes, I am a dreamer but I’m not the only one.

domain: sociology


text:
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domain: health


CAPE CORAL, Fla. – With their 5-2 win over Bishop Kenny on Saturday, the Mariner boys soccer team became the first in school history to make it over the semifinals hump and is set to play for a state championship on Thursday.
“It’s exciting,” Mariner Striker Leo Perez said. “It’s never been done for Mariner and just to be in the making of history it’s great.”
Self-admittingly, head coach Martin Cardenas didn’t expect his team to be here at the beginning of the season. Even the players know that they have been sneaking up on teams, but they wouldn’t want it any other way.
“We are not one of the private schools that is known that recruit players. We are, I mean really we are nobodies,” Perez said.
Those “nobodies” have made it this far with one of the top offenses in the entire state and maybe even the country. Outscoring opponents 157 to 27 and a big chunk of that is thanks to Navy commit and All-American Leo Perez in the middle with over 60 goals.
The Tritons have scored in every game this season but one and have scored ten or more goals three times.
“Life is just all about memories and experiences and this is definitely a new experience for me,” Coach Cardenas said. “In all the years that I’ve been coaching and it has been a long time, it is new to know that you are going to play for a state championship.”
The 2003 team made it to the semifinals but that is the closest the school has ever been to a state championship and while you would expect there to be some nerves, the moment does not appear to be too big.
“We are not supposed to feel pressure. The people that feel pressure are our parents that come out every day to go to work maybe work more than 10 hours a day to make sure we have food on our table that we have a roof over our head, those are the people I have the pressure,” Perez said. “We just come out here and play soccer that’s all we do.”
The Tritons will face Gulliver Prep at Stetson University on Thursday.
© Copyright 2020 WBBH/WZVN (Waterman Broadcasting). All rights reserved.


|Publication number||US6621018 B1|
|Application number||US 10/127,717|
|Publication date||Sep 16, 2003|
|Filing date||Apr 23, 2002|
|Priority date||Apr 23, 2002|
|Publication number||10127717, 127717, US 6621018 B1, US 6621018B1, US-B1-6621018, US6621018 B1, US6621018B1|
|Original Assignee||Shin Jiuh Corp.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (15), Classifications (11), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to a reciprocal switch and particularly to a reciprocal switch for electronic products.
With continuous developments of technology, still cameras and video cameras have gradually switched from manually adjusting and mechanical types to automatic and electronic types. And functions are richer than ever and operations become more user-friendly. The so called “Smart Cameras” are very popular these days. Even novice users can take good quality pictures like professional photographers do.
The general electronic automatic cameras and video cameras mostly have automatic zoom in/zoom out function. Coupling with an automatic focusing lens, the zoom in function can get clear close up pictures while the zoom out function can get pictures of a greater field of depth and a wider angle. On automatic cameras or video cameras, the zoom in/zoom out function generally is controlled by two separated pushbuttons. Such a design incurs problems in practical use, notably:
1. It takes more space: To install two pushbuttons on an ever shrinking camera or video camera becomes increasingly difficult, and contradicts the trend of lean and light design concept and requirement that prevail in the market place.
2. Difficult operation: As sizes of cameras and video cameras have been shrunk continuously, the two pushbuttons for zoom in/zoom out also have to crowd in a smaller space. However, the pressing action of human fingers on the pushbuttons is on a surface rather than on a single point, the two pushbuttons located too close to each other make user operation difficult and are prone to trigger erroneous actions.
3. Not ergonomics: The pressing operation of human fingers tends to generate shaking (like triggering a pistol) and often results in blurred pictures and poor picture quality.
Therefore the primary object of the invention is to resolve aforesaid disadvantages. The invention provides a reciprocal switch that has a smaller size, is easier to operate and conforms to ergonomics.
In order to achieve the foregoing object, the invention includes a shell with a slot formed on the top surface, a stopper located in the shell, a connecting unit located on two sides of the stopper for generating circuit signals, two conducting units located in the shell on two sides of the stopper and engaged with an elastic element, and a displacement unit located between the two conducting units and exposed outside the shell. The displacement unit may be moved when subject to an external force to drive one of the conducting units to press the connecting unit on one side to generate circuit signals. Another conducting unit is retained by the stopper and the elastic element is stretched to create a restoring force. When the external force is released, the switch may return to its original position.
The foregoing, as well as additional objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the invention including section lines 4A—4A along which the view of FIG. 4A is taken.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary schematic view of the invention, assembled.
FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C are schematic views of the invention in various operating conditions according to FIG. 1.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the reciprocal switch of the invention mainly includes a shell 10 having a connecting unit 38 located therein, two conducting units 40 and 40′ located in the shell 10 and a displacement unit 50 for moving the conducting units 40 and 40′. When the displacement unit 50 subjects to an external force, it drives the conducting units 40 and 40′ to connect the connecting unit 38 located on one side of the shell to provide switch function.
The shell 10 consists of a cap 20 and a matching seat 30. The cap 20 and the seat 30 have respectively a latch opening 21 and a latch lug 31 engageable with each other to allow the cap 20 and the seat 30 forming a secured fastening. The cap 20 has a top surface with a slot 22 formed thereon. The seat 30 has a rectangular housing compartment 32 formed therein. On two longitudinal side walls of the housing compartment 32, there are two symmetrical sliding channels 33 for mounting the conducting units 40 and 40′. In the middle section of the sliding channels 33, there is a stopper 34. The connecting unit 38 is located on the bottom section of the housing compartment 32 and has two sets located on two sides of the stopper 34. The connecting unit 38 at each side includes a contact leg 35 and a common leg 37 for generating circuit signals.
The conducting units 40 and 40′ are made of metal. Each conducting unit has a brake ledge 41, 41′ located on one side to press against the stopper 34 under force, a retain section 42, 42′ located in the middle and a conductive flange 43, 43′ for connecting the contact leg 35 and the common leg 37. The conductive flange 43, 43′, brake ledge 41, 41′ and the retain section 42, 42′ are integrally formed. The conductive flange 43, 43′ has sufficient elasticity to effectively make electrical contact with the connecting unit 38. Referring to FIG. 3, when assembled, the two conducting units 40 and 40′ are mounted and paired with each other, and are connected by an elastic element 60 on the retain section 42, 42′ for restraining the relative motion of the conducting units 40 and 40′. The elastic element 60 is slightly stretched to pull the two conducting units 40 and 40′ anchoring on two sides 34 a and 34 b of the stopper 34, and mounting on the sliding channels 33. Because of the elastic element 60, the brake ledge 41, 41′ of the conducting units 40 and 40′ presses against the lateral side of the stopper 34.
The displacement unit 50 is located between the conducting units 40 and 40′, and has a strut 51 located on the top surface passing through the slot 22 of the cap 20 to receive the force from an user, and has two driving sections 52 located on two sides for moving the conducting units 40 and 40′. The displacement unit 50 further has two pairs of transverse beams 53 extending from another two sides for pressing the conducting units 40 and 40′ to prevent the conducting units 40 and 40′ from being toppled by the elastic element 60 when stretched to keep the assembly securely. The displacement unit 50 also has a bordering section 54 extending from the bottom section thereof to hold the elastic element 60 from being displaced when stretched.
After the displacement unit 50 is assembled, the cap 20 is coupled with the seat 30, with the latch opening 21 engaging with the latch lug 31 to form a secured fastening between the cap 20 and the seat 30, and to complete the assembly of the reciprocal switch of the invention.
When the reciprocal switch of the invention is adopted in electrical devices such as the zoom lens of cameras or video cameras, it may be used to zoom out or zoom in the lens. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, for zooming in the lens, push the strut 51 (assuming moving to the left is for zooming in the lens), the driving section 52 of the displacement unit 50 drives the conducting unit 40 to the left for a selected displacement independently of another conducting unit 40′ on the right hand side, which is stopped by the stopper 34. As a result, the elastic element 60 is stretched to allow the conducting unit 40 on the left to generate a touched feeling for the user and create a restoring force. Moving the conducting unit 40 further to the left, the conductive flange 43 of the conducting unit 40 contacts the contact leg 35 and the common leg 37 on the left hand side to generate a circuit signal to control zoom in operation of the lens. This circuit signal is used to control a motor or a similar operation which causes the lens to move so as to focus on a more distant object. To zoom out the lens, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4C, move the strut 51 to another direction (such as to the right hand side). In this situation, a signal is sent to the motor to drive the lens in the opposite direction so that the lens focuses on a more nearby object. The operation is similar to the zoom in operation, details are omitted here. When the strut is released, the conducting unit is returned to the normal centered position by elastic element 60.
In order to accomplish multiple switching function, a secondary leg 36 of a shorter length than the contact leg 35 may be deployed on one side of the contact leg 35. When the displacement unit 50 drives the conducting units 40 and 40′, different moving displacements of the displacement unit 50 may enable the conducting units 40 and 40 to contact the contact leg 35 or the secondary leg 36 to generate different circuit signals to accelerate adjustment or adjust in a staged manner for the lens of the camera or video camera.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US2683193 *||Oct 22, 1949||Jul 6, 1954||Gen Motors Corp||Switch|
|US2882358 *||Jun 1, 1954||Apr 14, 1959||Boyne Products Inc||Switch|
|US2900460 *||Mar 24, 1958||Aug 18, 1959||Essex Wire Corp||Electric switch|
|US2916567 *||Aug 15, 1955||Dec 8, 1959||Leonard Floam||Control switch for vehicle signalling system|
|US2977432 *||Jun 22, 1959||Mar 28, 1961||Novo Ind Corp||Control switch|
|US3106619 *||Mar 31, 1958||Oct 8, 1963||Boyne Products Inc||Turn signal indicator switch|
|US3461256 *||Nov 13, 1967||Aug 12, 1969||Essex Wire Corp||Selector switch with adjustable camming means providing a programmed switch action|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US6841744 *||Apr 2, 2003||Jan 11, 2005||Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.||Slide switch and manufacturing method of the same|
|US6989504 *||Nov 19, 2004||Jan 24, 2006||Alpha Networks Inc.||Case with sliding button fastening structure|
|US7462790 *||Jan 15, 2004||Dec 9, 2008||Miyama Electric Co., Ltd.||Cushioning means holding member, and slide switch including the same|
|US7507926 *||May 30, 2007||Mar 24, 2009||Mitsumi Electric Co., Ltd.||Slide switch|
|US7534974 *||Mar 20, 2007||May 19, 2009||Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.||Slide switch|
|US8026453 *||Sep 8, 2008||Sep 27, 2011||Panasonic Corporation||Switch|
|US8466384 *||Jan 28, 2011||Jun 18, 2013||CoActive Technologies, LLC||Sliding electrical switch|
|US20110180378 *||Jul 28, 2011||Coactive Technologies, Inc.||Sliding electrical switch|
|CN1929062B||Aug 25, 2006||Jul 11, 2012||松下电器产业株式会社||Slide switch apparatus|
|CN101083178B||Apr 25, 2007||Mar 16, 2011||三美电机株式会社||Slide switch|
|CN102142334B *||Jan 26, 2011||Apr 1, 2015||联合活跃技术有限责任公司||一种滑动式电气开关|
|EP1983533A1 *||Mar 25, 2008||Oct 22, 2008||Eja Limited||Contact block|
|EP1995746A2 *||May 21, 2008||Nov 26, 2008||GBS Holding GmbH||Slide switch|
|EP2355119A2 *||Jan 18, 2011||Aug 10, 2011||CoActive Technologies, Inc.||Sliding electrical switch|
|EP2615619A2 *||Jan 3, 2013||Jul 17, 2013||Hosiden Corporation||Slide switch|
|U.S. Classification||200/16.00C, 200/303, 200/550|
|International Classification||H01H15/00, H01H15/14, H01H13/52|
|Cooperative Classification||H01H15/005, H01H13/52, H01H15/14|
|European Classification||H01H15/14, H01H15/00D|
|Apr 23, 2002||AS||Assignment|
|Mar 9, 2007||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 25, 2011||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Sep 16, 2011||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Nov 8, 2011||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20110916


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Table of Contents
Lisa Eilbacher biography
Lisa Eilbacher was born on May 5, 1956, in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, to an American family. Her father, Sheppard Eilbacher, worked for Aramco, the Arabian American Oil Company, while her mother, Jean Eilbacher, was a homemaker. Lisa Eilbacher has a sister named Cindy Eilbacher, who also pursued a career in acting.
The Eilbacher family eventually moved back to the United States, where Lisa’s father worked in the entertainment industry as an executive at Columbia Pictures. This exposure to the world of entertainment likely played a role in Lisa’s early interest in acting.
Lisa Eilbacher began her acting career in the 1970s, making appearances in various television shows and TV movies. Her breakthrough came in the 1982 film “An Officer and a Gentleman,” in which she played the role of Casey Seeger. The film’s success helped boost her recognition in Hollywood.
One of her most iconic roles was in the 1984 action-comedy film “Beverly Hills Cop,” in which she played the character Jeannette “Jenny” Summers, a romantic interest of Eddie Murphy’s character, Axel Foley. The film’s popularity further elevated her status in the industry.
Throughout the 1980s, Lisa Eilbacher continued to appear in various films and television shows, often in roles that showcased her acting versatility. Some of her notable projects from that era include “10 to Midnight” (1983), “Into the Night” (1985), and “Miami Vice” (1986).
However, as the 1990s rolled around, Lisa Eilbacher’s on-screen appearances began to decrease. She transitioned to smaller roles and guest appearances on television series, marking a shift in her career trajectory. By the late 1990s and early 2000s, her acting roles became even more sporadic.
Since then, Lisa Eilbacher has largely remained out of the spotlight, and there is limited public information available about her personal life and activities beyond her acting career. It’s important to note that my information is accurate as of September 2021, and there may have been further developments or changes in her life since that time.
Trivia of Lisa Eilbacher
Certainly! Here are some interesting trivia and lesser-known facts about Lisa Eilbacher:
- Early Acting Beginnings: Lisa Eilbacher’s acting career began at a young age. She made her screen debut in a 1972 episode of the TV series “The Smith Family” when she was just 16 years old.
- Family Connection: Lisa comes from a family with a strong connection to the entertainment industry. Her father, Sheppard Eilbacher, worked as an executive at Columbia Pictures, and her sister, Cindy Eilbacher, is also an actress known for her roles in TV shows and films.
- International Upbringing: Lisa Eilbacher was born in Saudi Arabia and spent part of her childhood there due to her father’s work with Aramco. This unique international upbringing contributed to her diverse experiences.
- Diverse Range of Roles: Eilbacher’s acting career showcased her versatility as she took on a wide range of roles in various genres, including drama, comedy, action, and thriller. This adaptability helped her establish herself in the competitive world of Hollywood.
- Audition for “Raiders of the Lost Ark”: Lisa Eilbacher was considered for the role of Marion Ravenwood in the iconic film “Raiders of the Lost Ark” (1981), a role that eventually went to Karen Allen. Eilbacher auditioned for the part, but it ultimately went in a different direction.
- Education: Despite her early success in acting, Eilbacher prioritized her education. She attended college at California State University, Northridge, which might have contributed to her reduced on-screen presence in the later years of her career.
- Becoming a Pilates Instructor: After stepping back from her acting career, Lisa Eilbacher reportedly became a certified Pilates instructor. This career change reflects her interest in health and wellness.
- Limited Recent Appearances: Eilbacher’s last on-screen appearance is noted to be in a 2003 episode of the TV series “The Lyon’s Den.” Her decision to reduce her acting roles and transition to other pursuits has contributed to her absence from recent entertainment projects.
- Connection to “Beverly Hills Cop” Sequel: While Lisa Eilbacher didn’t reprise her role as Jenny Summers in the “Beverly Hills Cop” sequels, her character’s absence is humorously explained in “Beverly Hills Cop III” (1994) when it’s mentioned that she and Axel Foley broke up.
- Privacy: Lisa Eilbacher has maintained a level of privacy over the years, and there is limited public information available about her personal life and post-acting endeavors.
Remember that these trivia points are based on information available up to September 2021, and there may have been developments or changes since that time.
Movies and webseriesof Lisa Eilbacher
As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, Lisa Eilbacher’s acting career predominantly spans films and television shows from the 1970s to the 2000s. While her presence became less frequent in later years, here are some notable movies and TV series in which she appeared:
- “Leaving Home” (1977) – Lisa Eilbacher played a role in this television movie about a troubled teenager who runs away from home.
- “An Officer and a Gentleman” (1982) – Eilbacher portrayed Casey Seeger in this romantic drama starring Richard Gere and Debra Winger.
- “10 to Midnight” (1983) – She played Laurie Kessler, the daughter of a police officer targeted by a serial killer in this thriller starring Charles Bronson.
- “Beverly Hills Cop” (1984) – Eilbacher gained widespread recognition for her role as Jenny Summers, the love interest of Eddie Murphy’s character Axel Foley.
- “Into the Night” (1985) – She appeared in this comedy-thriller directed by John Landis, starring Jeff Goldblum and Michelle Pfeiffer.
- “The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries” (1977) – Eilbacher made a guest appearance in this mystery series.
- “Emergency!” (1978) – She appeared in an episode of this medical drama series.
- “Barnaby Jones” (1978) – Eilbacher had a guest role in this detective series.
- “Cutter to Houston” (1983) – She appeared in a medical drama TV series as Dr. Beth Gilbert.
- “Miami Vice” (1986) – Eilbacher guest-starred in an episode of this iconic crime drama.
- “The Twilight Zone” (1986) – She appeared in an episode of the revived science fiction anthology series.
- “Midnight Caller” (1990) – Eilbacher had a recurring role in this drama series.
- “Baywatch Nights” (1996) – She appeared in an episode of this spin-off series from “Baywatch.”
Please note that my information is based on the status as of September 2021. If there have been any developments or projects since that time, I may not have that information.


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Dallas Morning News
Originally Posted: August 6, 2015
A memorial service for Denver Fred Wendorf Jr. will be at 3 p.m. Aug. 20 in the Perkins Chapel on the Southern Methodist University campus. A reception will follow at Kirby Parlor. Wendorf, SMU professor emeritus of anthropology, died July 15 in Dallas. His service was delayed until colleagues return for the fall semester.
Two rooms at the British Museum in London are dedicated to the prehistoric items he discovered during his decades of excavation in northeastern Africa.
Memorials may be made to the Friends of SMU-in-Taos Fund or the Institute for the Study of Earth and Man, P.O. Box 750402, Dallas, Texas 75275. READ MORE
‘Throttled Peacock’ offers wry observations on
European vacation and marriage
New travelogue by SMU Professor emeritus C.W. Smith
DALLAS (SMU) — Two Americans traveling Europe on the cheap with a packet of chili powder in their suitcase – what’s the worst that could go wrong? Turns out, quite a lot. A Throttled Peacock: Observations on the Old World (DeGolyer Library 2015) is a collection of essays inspired by a 1990 trip across Europe and the latest book from SMU professor emeritus C.W. Smith, who taught creative writing in Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences from 1985-2012.
“We basically went to 63 different cities and stayed in 63 different beds,” said Smith, who was joined on the trip by his wife, Marcia Smith. “I just kept taking notes about the things that happened to us and when we came back I just started trying to describe some of the experiences we had.
“I didn’t have it in mind to put out a whole collection,” Smith said. “But once I’d written them all, I realized they were very unified because they were based on the same trip with the same personalities having a variety of experiences.” READ MORE
Congratulations to the following professors who received emeritus status in 2014-2015. The professors, and their dates of service:
Christine Buchanan, Professor Emerita of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, 1977-2015
Bradley Kent Carter, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, 1970-2015
Anthony Cortese, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, 1989-2015
Richard Haberman, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, 1978-2015
James K. Hopkins, Professor Emeritus of History, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, 1974-2015
John Ubelaker, Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, 1968-2015
Ben Wallace, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, 1969-2015
Skeletons of war dead from 11,000 BC go on show at the British Museum
The remains, displaying breaks and slash marks of violent death, were found in a cemetery on the banks of the Nile river. READ MORE
From the 1940s through the 1970s, Lon Tinkle was a brilliant presence in the Texas Institute of Letters as well as on the Texas and Southwestern literary scene. It’s no stretch to say the national literary scene, too. READ MORE HERE


Mid-spring snow accumulates on Mount Washington, in North Country
While Granite Staters will see cool and cloudy conditions this week, remember that it could be worse.
Snow fell overnight on Mount Washington, blanketing the summit in white.
While snow might seem abnormal for this time of year, the peak typically sees a little over a foot of snow each May.
Flakes also fell in Pittsburg, where a fresh coating of snow was reported for some in the North Country.


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This weekend’s wedding was simply AWESOME! Since Stacia & Brandon live around the corner from us (LITERALLY!), I’ve gotten to know them pretty well. We had a fantastic Engagement Session together at Folly Beach and a beautiful Bridal Session at Lowndes Grove. So I knew WAY before this past Saturday that I was going to have a BLAST with these guys! Ring bearer Ethan, was shocked at his squeaky tux button :-), and groomsman Jeff was UNSTOPPABLE! But everything about the day really paled in comparison to how suave Brandon looked and how stunning Stacia was! The wedding was held at Citadel Square Baptist and the reception at Alhambra Hall. This historic church is very photogenic inside and I love shooting here. This image was the LAST one I created before we whisked the couple off to the reception. The warm afternoon sunlight creates an ethereal glow in this huge stained glass window in the balcony that is just STUNNING. Congratulations you guys!!!
P.S. Take a dip in Duns River Falls for me while you’re in Jamaica!


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Danielle Smith is the mother of two wonderful children and wife to a practicing attorney. She began her agent career at Fuse Literary in 2013, but made the move to Red Fox Literary in March of 2014 where she represented children’s book authors and illustrators along side her mentor and partner at Red Fox Literary LLC, Abigail Samoun. In 2016, she founded Lupine Grove Creative.
Danielle’s publishing career began with her well known book reviews and articles, of which many can still be found at There’s A Book. Additionally she wrote for print & online publications such as Women’s World and Parenting Magazine. She’s an author, literacy advocate, professional flutist and movie lover. Danielle has also served as a judge for the Cybils Awards in the picture book category for three years as well as for the INSPYs and various other writing competitions.
All of the clients at Lupine Grove Creative can expect an advocate along every step of the process. Clients are at every stage of their careers; regardless they are always offered career guidance, editorial assistance as well as a sounding board for future projects, portfolio and illustration critiques, submission strategizing and much more. Partnerships with clients are just that, partnerships, and each one is different and based on what they each need. Additionally, with Danielle’s review and social media background she is particularly capable of guiding clients through the pre-publication process all the way through to publication and marketing process as well.


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Dr. Brown is on Doximity
As a Doximity member you'll join over a million verified healthcare professionals in a private, secure network.
- Connect with other colleagues in the same hospital or clinic
- Search all U.S. specialist profiles and refer a patient
- Read the latest clinical news and earn CME/CEU credits
Office2401 W Main St
Marion, IL 62959Phone(618) 997-5311Fax(618) 998-5668
- Is this information wrong?
Education & Training
- University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesResidency, Psychiatry, 1995 - 1999
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineClass of 1995
Certifications & Licensure
- AR State Medical License 1998 - 2022
Publications & Presentations
- 5 citationsMarburg Virus Disease Outbreak in Kween District Uganda, 2017: Epidemiological and Laboratory FindingsLuke Nyakarahuka, Trevor Shoemaker, Stephen Balinandi, Godfrey Chemos, Benon Kwesiga, Sophia Mulei, Jackson Kyondo, Alex Tumusiime, Aaron Kofman, Ben Masiira, Shannon ...> ;PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2019 Mar 18
- 3 citationsFirst Laboratory-Confirmed Outbreak of Human and Animal Rift Valley Fever Virus in Uganda in 48 Years.Trevor Shoemaker, Luke Nyakarahuka, Stephen Balinandi, Joseph Ojwang, Alex Tumusiime, Sophia Mulei, Jackson Kyondo, Bernard Lubwama, Musa Sekamatte, Annemarion Namuteb...> ;American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2019 Mar 1
- Favipiravir and Ribavirin Treatment of Epidemiologically Linked Cases of Lassa FeverKetan Patel, Colleen S Kraft, Shelley Brown, Bruce S Ribner, Jay B Varkey, G Marshall Lyon, Aneesh K Mehta> ;Clinical Infectious Diseases.
- Marion Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMarion, Illinois
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PERFECT END LOCATION WITH ALL THE UPGRADES TH ON SOUTHSIDE
Entertain friends and family on16x30 patio and back yard with privacy fence, which leads to your own garage with Closet Factory builtins and workshop.
Bedrooms / Bathrooms
See on Google
Richmond, VA 23225
Prime end location with handsome facade, charming street lamp and covered porch welcomes you to this thoughtfully designed Mendelssohn floor plan. Spacious open design features crown moulding, wide plank wd flr, transom windows and custom Graber plantation shutters & custom shades. Your dream kitchen is complete with raised panel, bi-level, 42″ cabinetry, tile backsplash, granite counters & bkfst bar + full suite of GE Profile SS appliances. Roomy dining area offers a variety of possibilities to create the perfect custom living space. Dreamy master bedroom features tray ceiling w/ cove moulding and walk-in closet. An ensuite bath with double vanity & oval undermount sinks showcases a walk in shower w/ glass tile detail & dual shower heads. 2 guest bedrooms & gracious guest bath complete the upstairs. Closet Factory builtins in all BR closets & W/D conveys. Entertain friends and family on16x30 patio and back yard with privacy fence, which leads to your own garage with Closet Factory builtins and workshop. Natural gas grill included. Just off Forest Hill Ave, & minutes to Cary Town, you are close to everything. Enjoy privacy & maintenance free living in your oasis in the City.


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- Hotel Type:
- Cheap Hotels
" This resort was one of the best stays I have ever had! We booked the room for $ ... Read more"
"We were very pleasantly surprised. The location is centrally located to everything, b... Read more"
"The Horizon"s is a wonderful place to spend the holidays! It is conveniently loca... Read more"
"I stayed here three nights over the summer and overall enjoyed the visit. We utilized... Read more"
"me and my family had an okay time because the a/c wasn't that strong and the room was... Read more"
"we booked the honeymoon suite for one night, we got the room online u get a disscout... Read more"
"Wireless internet worked and our condo was nice but the bed was extremely hard. As my... Read more"
" The place is nice but way over priced which we did not know until we drove around ch... Read more"
"On their website they advertise high speed wireless internet in the rooms. This is no... Read more"
"This Holiday Inn Express was immaculately clean, the personnel were courteous and hel... Read more"
"New pool is awesome. Hotel staff was very friendly. Room was comfortable and locati... Read more"
"Very dirty, they charge you twice for the same service, no profesionalism, no refrigr... Read more"
"Stayed 1 week April 2009. Very clean comfortable rooms. Staff very friendly and helpf... Read more"
"Loved the hardwood floors; beds were too firm.
"We arrived at our hotel, only to be put in a room farthest away from the lobby (altho... Read more"
"My family and I just stayed two nights here and we would gladly move in. This place ... Read more"
"Our suite was absolutely beautiful. The suite was brand new and furnished very tastef... Read more"
"Beautiful! But...We stayed in August 2009 and only 1 floor was completed and furnish... Read more"

domain: travel


text:
Swallowtail Hill offers Unique Holiday Accommodation and is a family run farm in the Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The 40 acres of wildflower meadow and woodland are managed purely for conservation and offer the perfect setting for glamping holidays, special celebrations and outdoor learning.
This little corner of East Sussex is picture-postcard-pretty, we’re just five miles north of the historic town of Rye and there is plenty to see and do in the area from Camber Sands, Winchelsea Beach and Hastings old town to Bodiam Castle, Sissinghurst and Great Dixter.
The Meadow Keeper’s cottage is a one-off. Hand-built by highly skilled local craftsmen with timber sourced from local woods, it’s a quirky cottage-on-wheels. If you know your fairy stories - think gingerbread cottage and you’ve got the idea. The cottage sits between two wildflower meadows, next to a pond and is invisible from anywhere else on the farm.


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Guests arrive at JKIA Nairobi aboard an evening flight and transfer to Sheraton Hotel near the airport for an overnight stay on bed and breakfast.
Guests will have an early breakfast and dinner at Amboseli National Park. Amboseli is home to the gentle giant elephants and the place you can see Kilimanjaro and get your post card photos of the mountain. It is here that an elephant had twins a rare one of the babies died due to some complication. In the crystal clear swimming pool. Have your fist game drive in the park at 1600 hours in search of the predators and plain animals found in this park. The birdlife including the flamingoes which migrated from Lake Nakuru after the lake water became almost due to increase in water volumes.
Have an early tea / coffee and start your morning game drive in search of any hunt or kill by the predators found here. Drive back to the camp for full breakfast. After breakfast have a rest and spend the day leisurely with lunch at the camp. At 1600 hrs embark on your afternoon, sundowner at the observation hill before returning to the camp for dinner and overnight.
This a day guests will depart Lake Naivasha and stay at the Kiboko Luxury Tented Camp. On arrival check in and have lunch on the lake. Dinner and overnight is at the camp.
After an early breakfast leave the Camp and drive to the Maasai Mara Game Reserve known for her wealthy of wildlife. Arrive at the Sand River Tented Camp. The Camp is at the middle of nature overlooking the Sand River which is also on the border of Kenya and Tanzania. Have lunch and relax at the swimming pool before you go for your gae drive in search of the predators lying or hunting along the dry river bed. Drive back to the Camp for your dinner and overnight.
Depart the Camp after an early breakfast with picnic lunch and enjoy a long game drive with a possibility of visiting the Mara River so as to see the giant Nile crocodiles in waiting for any antelope or zebra that may try to cross the river. Have your lunch and after trace your way back to the Camp arriving early evening and cool yourselves in the crystal clear swimming pool. Dinner and overnight is at the Camp.
Have a cup of tea/coffee and drive for an early morning safari in the reserve. Drive back to the Camp and have your breakfast. After breakfast pack your luggage and be transferred to the Keekorok Airstrip for a flight to Nairobi’s Wilson Airport. On Arrival our transfer driver will be waiting and take you the Carnivore Restaurant for lunch. After lunch, guests will be driven to the JKIA for their flight to Zanzibar arriving at the Zanzibar Serena Inn in the evening where they are booked on half board.
Days spent leisurely with excursions to be arranged at the reception.
Guests have breakfast and depending on their flight time prepare to leave for their home or next destination. Our transfer driver will drive guests to the Airport.
END OF SERVICES
a. Transport in a safari jeep with a pop up roof for easy view and photographing
b. Full board while on safari and half board while in Zanzibar
c. Park fees for guests and driver guide
d. Airport transfers
e. Mineral water and extra lunch at the Carnivore Restaurant
a. International flight and visa
b. Drinks in the restaurant
c. Cigarettes / Laundry
d. Tips for driver guide / hotel staff


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Compared to the rest of the Metro Atlanta market, the Stonebridge Condominiums submarket has lower rates, so you should have no trouble finding a great deal in this discounted submarket.
In the last 90 days, 4 listings have been posted online, which means new availabilities most likley are leasing quickly. You'll want to be prepared to tour spaces as quick as possible. There aren't many listings below 2,000 square feet posted, so finding a space for a small business might be tough.
Even though the median size is 8,830 sqft, there are still 0 new listings below 2,000 sqft. Most properties in this region are approximately 1 floors. Most buildings in this area were built in 2001 and are Class B.
This market is fairly equally mixed residential and commercial. Arts, entertainment, and restaurants are the dominant industries in this region. Most of the occupants of Stonebridge Condominiums work from home. Commuting approximately 30 minutes a day is the norm for those who opt to reside in this part of town.

domain: geography


Our lab is located within the VA Bio+Tech Park in Richmond, Virginia. We are located on the fourth floor of the Bio+Tech Eight Building in Rooms 428 and 429. This is an ideal location since we are within one mile of the main campus of the VCU Health System, and also near to the College of Engineering Monroe Park campus. Approximately 640 square-feet of our laboratory space is devoted to experimental research and is fully accessible to individuals with disability, while 350 square-feet is distinctly reserved for computation, including data analysis, manuscript preparation, and musculoskeletal modeling and simulation of human movement.
The laboratory space is equipped with non-invasive neural stimulation devices, electrophysiological recording devices, force sensors, a multi-joint dynamometer, and data acquisition equipment and software.
Summary of Lab Equipment
The Magstim Bistim2 is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) unit that allows us to stimulate the brain non-invasively using single or dual pulse TMS. We have different coils that allow us to stimulate neurons in the motor cortical areas at different depths and focality to target neural pathways leading to upper or lower limb muscles.
The Magstim Super Rapid2 Plus is a TMS unit that is capable of high-frequency repetitive stimulation, such as intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Repetitive TMS can be used as a therapeutic approach to modulate neural activity.
The Delsys Trigno wireless EMG system allows us to measure muscle activity, including the muscle response to cortical and peripheral stimulation.
The Digitimer DS7AH is a constant current stimulator used to stimulate peripheral nerve or muscles through surface electrodes.
The CED micro 1401 is a data acquisition unit that records and outputs both analog and digital signals. This unit allows us to record data from multiple devices at once and accurately control the timing of different neuro-stimulation modalities.
Force Sensors – The lab has two JR3 force sensors with varying ranges of measurement. This is needed since the forces generated by nonimpaired individuals can be much greater than those generated by individuals with disabilities. Having the ability to capture a wide range of forces ensures we are collecting data at a high resolution.
The ANT Neuro eego mylab is an EEG system that allows us to measure electrical activity in the brain.
The Biodex multi-joint system allows us to test joint function, quantify joint strength, and develop controlled, training paradigms.
Summary of Software
We have multiple desktop workstations with Spike 2, Matlab, SolidWorks, and other engineering and data analysis software. For musculoskeletal modeling and simulation analyses, we have licenses for SIMM, Dynamics Pipeline, and SD/Fast.