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The Best time to visit
Generally mild climatic conditions make South Africa a perfect year-round destination.
Deciding on where to go and what to see in South Africa is hard – there is just so much to see!
The choices are endless – Sea, Forests, Deserts, Savana, Mountains, something a bit more exotic or an adventure activity.
|1 Jan||New Year’s Day|
|21st March||Human Rights Day|
|10th April||Good Friday|
|13th April||Easter Monday|
|27th April||Freedom Day|
|1st May||Workers Day|
|16th June||Youth Day|
|9th August||National Women’s Day|
|24th September…….||Heritage Day|
|16th December||Day of Reconciliation|
|25th December||Christmas Day|
|26th December||Day of Goodwill|
South Africa is serviced by many of the world’s major airlines with direct flights to Europe, America and the Middle East on a daily basis. South Africa’s three main gateway airports are:
OR Tambo International Airport previously known as Johannesburg International Airport
Cape Town International Airport
King Shaka International Airport
Hiring a car is the easiest way to explore at your own pace. Car hire companies have branches at most Airports and even at some large hotels. Remember – we drive on the left hand side of the road in South Africa.
South Africa’s currency is the rand, which offers most visitors great value for money.
The rand comes in a range of coins and note denominations of: R10, R50, R100 and R200.
Banking hours from Monday to Friday are generally 09h00 to 15h30. Some banks close at 16h00.
ATM’s are found almost everywhere. Visa and Mastercards can be used to withdraw money from ATMs, but check with your bank first.
Banks and Bureau de Change at major airports remain open until the last flight departs
Passport & Visa
Please ensure that your passport is valid for at least 3 months after your entry date and that you have a minimum of 2 consectuive blank pages (they must be facing one another). In addition if a father (or mother) is travelling with his (her) children alone then a letter of consent, certified by their local police, must be signed by the mother (father) and carried with them. For more information about parents travelling with children click here.
Health and Safety
South Africa has both private and public hospitals in most areas and many well qualified general practitioners to help with most medical matters.
Malaria is found only in some parts of the Lowveld of Mpumalanga (including the Kruger National Park) and on the Maputaland coast of KwaZulu-Natal. It is advisable to take prophylactics before visiting these areas.
South Africa is one of only 12 countries in the world with drinkable tap water. Our tap water quality is the third-best overall in the world. It is advisable though, to take bottled water with you when travelling to remote rural areas and the bush.
South Africa is as safe as any country in the world but there are certain basic precautions that people should take note of:
* When in the car, keep all doors locked and windows up at all times.
* When using an ATM be alert at all time. If you see something suspicious stop your transaction and leave.
* To avoid being mugged ensure that you carry your bag around your neck and diagonally across your body. Do not carry it hanging over one shoulder. Do not carry large amounts of cash on your person.
* When sightseeing, use only registered and qualified tour guides. Registered tour guides can be identified by a certificate that they carry.
Since the year 2013 the MyCity Bus network of Cape Town is well extended. Before using the busses you have to buy a MyConnect Card (R35), which you can get in all big MyCity Stations (e.g.: Airport, Civic Centre, Waterfront, Adderly, Gardens, Table View). Where you can buy a card it is also possible to upload them with points. When you are entering the bus or a station you scan the card and pay with the point. This way you do not have to use cash for using public transport.
Another safe and also quite cheap possibility to get from a to b is using Uber. Therefore you download the Uber App and connect it with your Credit Card. The Uber driver gets the information about where to pic you up, where to bring you and your first name. You on the other hand are getting the cars number plate, colour, brand and also the name of your driver. Like in the MyCity Bus you do not need any cash since you are paying by the creditkard supplied in your Uber Account.
South Africans do drive on the left handside. So make sure to watch on the right at first, before the you cross the street.
The road infrastructure is very well which makes driving a really good option to see a lot of different places in this beautiful country. But also be warned: As South Africa is huge it is not easily traversed in one day. Plan your journey carefully.
It might taste a little bit like chlorine if you are for example used to the tap water from most european countries. But it is safe to drink and cook with tap water in South Africa when you are in urban areas. Not all tap water in rural areas is safe for consumption, so take precautions if necessary. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry maintains that South Africa’s national standard of water quality compares well with World Health Organisation standards. (By the way: Please do not waste water! For more info click here.)
What’s Happening in South Africa
Get to know African Blue Tours!
Here is a brief background on how African Blue Tours evolved over the years from our humble beginnings at the turn of the last century to today's reputable boutique tour operator providing the best of
Kids in the Cape Winelands
Popular activities for kids in the Winelands are strawberry picking and grape juice tastings. However, these are just a few examples of what children can do in this stunning region. Who knew that there
Whales have arrived!
Whales have arrived! Although we are still experiencing certain levels of lockdown as we navigate our way through the COVID-19 pandemic around the world, it is so good to see nature taking centre stage
Quick facts about South Africa
QUICK FACTS ABOUT SOUTH AFRICA South Africa is a diverse country at tip Africa - the world’s second-largest as well as the most populous continent. South Africa counts several bordering countries such as Namibia, Botswana,
Interested in our Safaris?
4 Day Phinda Lodge Safari
4 Day Phinda Lodge Safari Offering a rich wildlife viewing experience and a spectacular setting near
3 Day Phinda Lodge Safari
3 Day Phinda Lodge Safari Offering a rich wildlife viewing experience and a spectacular setting near
Interested in our Tours?
Private Addo Elephant National Park
Private Addo Elephant National Park The Addo Elephant Park lies deep within the shadows of the
Pumba Private Game Reserve
Pumba Private Game Reserve For those with limited time in Port Elizabeth, you can enjoy a


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OKAT is the founder and editor of Doodlers Anonymous and Doodle Addicts. An avid thinker, creator and collaborator, known to concept and carry a ballpoint pen with him at all times.
I specialize in lettering, patterns, pen and ink, quirky doodles.
I wanted to cover up a crappy scribble that was on this page, so I just covered it in black and used a white ink pen to doodle over it
Watch the video process on my instagram: https://www.instagram.com/p/CCcB1rLlMv1/
This sketchbook is my therapist. Not this one specifically, but any single one small enough to fit in my pocket. I tell it everything, from quirky thoughts and funny notes to abstract concepts, drawings and positive reminders. Keep it analog folks… a doodle, sketch, writing, poem, or scribble every day helps to keep the brain fit and the thoughts flowing. ✏
T E X T U R E
I believe the future is about connection. Sometimes it seems that technology is making us more alone, but I like to believe that with every post, like, comment, follow, share, email and tweet, we are making ourselves more visible to one another. And together, we can make ourselves heard... Keep it positive, keep it loud, and keep it going forever.
Drawing Prompt Submission
Try it: Take a sharpie, give yourself five-minutes on the clock and see what doodle you come up with.
I didn't have my sketchbook on me.
There’s a carnival going on inside my head.
I dug up this rock while hiking the Negev desert in Israel last year. It’s sharp and kinda chalky and it feels like it has stories to tell when you look deep into its lines and layers.
Doodling is what I do. It's a way to make visible the randomness that's in my head - just drawing out a concept right when it comes to mind and scribbling on whatever I can find.
Charleston, South Carolina
When you are gifting a present and run out of wrapping paper just grab some Kraft (or recycled) paper and draw all over it to create your own custom pattern.
Neil was the first author whose words I first fell in love with.

domain: artistic


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Hawaiian BBQ Chicken with Tropical Rice and Broccoli
Chicken breast that's been roasted in pineapple, sugar free BBQ sauce, and other natural spices. Sliced and layered over coconut rice and served with broccoli. (label shown)
Low sodium: No added sodium lowering the meal to an overall 320 mg
Low carbohydrate: Rice is omitted and rice cauliflower added lowering the net carb to 11 g
Extra protein: 6 oz of chicken is plated instead of the standard 4 oz making it 45g of protein.

domain: food


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|1.||Klimek, M: 3 articles (01/2006 - 08/2005)|
|2.||Nomura, Seiji: 3 articles (03/2004 - 02/2003)|
|3.||Kikkawa, Fumitaka: 3 articles (03/2004 - 02/2003)|
|4.||Tsujimoto, Masafumi: 3 articles (03/2004 - 02/2003)|
|5.||Mizutani, Shigehiko: 3 articles (03/2004 - 02/2003)|
|6.||Segarra, Ana Belen: 2 articles (03/2014 - 12/2010)|
|7.||Ramírez-Expósito, M J: 2 articles (01/2013 - 07/2004)|
|8.||Martínez-Martos, J M: 2 articles (01/2013 - 07/2004)|
|9.||Wicherek, L: 2 articles (09/2005 - 08/2005)|
|10.||Okada, Mayumi: 2 articles (03/2004 - 02/2003)|
01/01/2008 - "Notable among the neuropituitary disorders that can occur throughout pregnancy is diabetes insipidus, which occurs as a consequence of increased vasopressinase activity."
05/01/2005 - "Two cases of diabetes insipidus, believed to be due to excess vasopressinase, are presented to demonstrate the clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of this syndrome. "
03/01/1995 - "Posterior pituitary problems in pregnancy usually manifest by diabetes insipidus, with a pregnancy-specific variety resulting from excessive degradation of AVP by placental vasopressinase. "
06/01/1993 - "Serum vasopressinase activity was measured during one of the pregnancies affected with diabetes insipidus and compared with that obtained between 26 and 38 weeks from 13 normal pregnancies. "
02/01/1991 - "These increases (MCR of AVP and plasma vasopressinase) may explain certain syndromes of transient diabetes insipidus (DI) that complicate gestation. "
|2.||Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage)
08/01/2005 - "Oxytocinase serum level during pregnancy rises with the fetal development and arrest of oxytocinase serum growth might indicate the its development impairment, what might result in spontaneous abortion. "
04/01/2001 - "Serum oxytocinase and isosoxytocinase levels were evaluated in 157 women who delivered and in 77 women who had spontaneous miscarriage. "
04/01/2001 - "The aim of our study was to compare serum levels of oxytocinase (CAP1) and isooxytocinase (CAP2) in the first trimester of pregnancy between women who had miscarriage and those who delivered healthy babies. "
08/01/2005 - "Changes of maternal ACTH and oxytocinase plasma concentrations during the first trimester of spontaneous abortion."
|3.||Ovarian Neoplasms (Ovarian Cancer)
12/15/1980 - "The aim of this study was to correlate the relationship between serum cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) activity in normal patients and that in patients with primary ovarian cancer of recurrence. "
12/15/1980 - "Early primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer and detection of recurrence by serum cystine aminopeptidase assay."
01/01/1995 - "This association between excessive vasopressinase production and pre-eclampsia might be explained if the products of AVP degradation by vasopressinase retained pressor activity even after anti-diuretic activity had been destroyed. "
01/01/1993 - "Oxytocinase (EC 126.96.36.199) activity was determined in 80 amniotic fluid samples obtained from 40 normotensive primigravidas (median age 27 years) and 40 primigravidas (median age 29 years) with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia between 32 and 39 weeks of gestation. "
01/01/1993 - "Decreased levels of amniotic fluid oxytocinase activity in preeclampsia."
09/01/1983 - "However, elevated maternal ADH secondary to fetal hypothalamic ADH production and a genetic defect in maternal vasopressinase may be a cause of preeclampsia."
11/01/1964 - "PREECLAMPSIA ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASE IN SERUM OXYTOCINASE."
|3.||Arginine Vasopressin (Argipressin)
|6.||Placental Lactogen (Human Placental Lactogen)
|7.||Glutamyl Aminopeptidase (Aspartyl Aminopeptidase)
|8.||Leucyl Aminopeptidase (S, Peptidase)
|10.||Deamino Arginine Vasopressin (Desmopressin)

domain: medical


The Crystal Cabin Awards, held every year in Hamburg, recognise innovation in the field of aircraft interiors. A jury made up of academics, engineers, editors and manufacturers chooses the winners. The awards are given out as part of the Aircraft Interiors Expo, which takes place this year on April 5-7. Awards are handed out in seven categories, with three companies making the final shortlist in each. This image shows Acro's superlight passenger seat, a finalist in the Industrial Design/Interior Concept category. Its reduced weight compared with current seats can potentially help airlines cut fuel consumption.


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UBC Faculty Research and Publications
And Still She Rises: Policies for Improving Women’s Health for a More Equitable Post-Pandemic World Shroff, Farah M.; Tsang, Ricky; Schwartz, Norah; Alkhadragy, Rania; Vora, Kranti
The COVID-19 pandemic has spawned crises of violence, hunger and impoverishment. Maternal and Infant Health Canada (MIHCan) conducted this policy action study to explore how changes that have arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic may catalyze potential improvements in global women’s health toward the creation of a more equitable post-pandemic world. In this mixed methods study, 280 experts in women’s health responded to our survey and 65 subsequently participated in focus groups, including professionals from India, Egypt/Sudan, Canada and the United States/Mexico. From the results of this study, our recommendations include augmenting mental health through more open dialogue, valuing and compensating those working on the frontlines through living wages, paid sick leave and enhanced benefits and expanding digital technology that facilitates flexible work locations, thereby freeing time for improving the wellbeing of caregivers and families and offering telemedicine and telecounseling, which delivers greater access to care. We also recommend bridging the digital divide through the widespread provision of reliable and affordable internet services and digital literacy training. These policy recommendations for employers, governments and health authorities aim to improve mental and physical wellbeing and working conditions, while leveraging the potential of digital technology for healthcare provision for those who identify as women, knowing that others will benefit. MIHCan took action on the recommendation to improve mental health through open conversation by facilitating campaigns in all study regions. Despite the devastation of the pandemic on global women’s health, implementing these changes could yield improvements for years to come.
Item Citations and Data
CC BY 4.0


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Evolving Lead Puffer Fish
Join Date: Dec 2010
FVF and aging
I, like many of you, snagged some bulk FVF recently. Ie had two tins stashed away for a little over a year now, and I'm curious, what are the flavor changes after 6 months, a year, and two years? I've heard it gets really great after a year, but what's the difference with this blend?
Right now I pick up a light sweetness, some spice, and a fairly mellow flavor. A bit of hay, and a good amoun of nic. I like it, but it's not exactly a holy grail to me, at least not yet. I think I'll be smoking a lot of this stuff. But, is it worth it to open a tin now? Or does it get that much better with time that I should give it more?
To be governed is to be at every operation, at every transaction, noted, registered, enrolled, taxed..., forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

domain: hobby


- Subscribe NowNewsletters & Alerts
Xbox Entertainment Studios to shut down as part of Microsoft layoffs
When it comes to original programming, Microsoft is throwing in the towel. The computer company has confirmed what many have speculated since the conglomerate announced 18,000 job cuts this morning: Xbox Entertainment Studios will be shuttered.
Even as CEO Satya Nadella discussed Xbox and its importance to Microsoft in a memo to employees last week, he made no mention of the division’s original programming ambitions outlined by Xbox Studios president Nancy Tellem at the NewFront presentations in New York this spring. But in a follow-up email from Xbox head Phil Spencer, the company confirmed the rumors that the unit will be shut down.
“As part of the planned reduction to our overall workforce announced today and in light of our organization’s mission, we plan to streamline a handful of portfolio and engineering development efforts across Xbox,” he wrote. “One such plan is that, in the coming months, we expect to close Xbox Entertainment Studios.” The Santa Monica studio employs an estimated 200 people.
It’s unclear what this means for Tellem, the former president of CBS who was tapped to lead Xbox’s foray into original programming in fall 2012. According to Spencer’s memo, her team will follow through on projects already in production, including the “Signal to Noise” documentary series, which is slated to kick off with “Atari: Game Over,” as well as the “Halo: Nightfall” and “Halo” television series based on the popular video game. The division will also continue to create interactive sports content like “NFL on Xbox.” The console’s app partnerships with other content providers will not be affected.
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Interim County Auditor County of Kaua'i | Lihue, HI
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The Arvika factory specialises in the production of medium and large wheeled loaders and the manufacturer says it has already been successful in driving down its carbon emissions.
Thanks to the investment, Arvika will erect a new building, approximately 1,500 sq m, which will allow the facility to free up areas inside its assembly factory to be able to build electric wheeled loaders. While it has not yet been announced which models will begin their electric transformation and exactly when, production of both electric wheel loaders and more traditional wheeled loaders fitted with combustion engines will continue for now on the same production line.
The SEK65m (US$6.3m) investment from Volvo Group will allow for the phased production of electric wheeled loaders.
Volvo CE says the new investment is a milestone in its ambition to be entirely fossil free by 2040, and will also go a long way to fulfilling the company's aim for 35% of machines sold to be electric by 2030.
Coming soon after an announcement to invest in electric haulers from the company’s production facility in Braås, Sweden, Volvo CE says it is also a signpost that it is committed to achieving more sustainable solutions for customers across all its product lines. These announcements are part of an investment strategy that allows Volvo CE to advance electric solutions across its production facilities, including also the Konz facility in Germany, Belley in France and Changwon in South Korea, where other electric machines are made.
Arvika site vanager Mikael Liljestrand said: “This is a clear signal of our commitment to building the world we want to live in. It is more than 40 years since we last invested in a new building and what better reason now than to invest in our future, our planet and the next generation. We know that this is not only important to our customers and stakeholders, who rightly have high expectations on us, but it is also close to our hearts to be part of something bigger in building our future.”
Volvo CE has already introduced compact electric wheeled loaders to the global market with the L20 Electric and L25 Electric wheeled loaders. Together with the ECR25 Electric, ECR18 Electric and EC18 Electric compact excavators and the mid-size EC230 Electric excavator, Volvo CE claims to have one of the largest electric ranges on the market.
Volvo CE says it will ensure a phased introduction of elelctric machines model by model, taking into account all aspects of the electric ecosystem as it does so, including infrastructure requirements, charging solutions, battery handling and business models. It adds that the result will be reliable mid-size and larger electric wheeled loaders that can easily be integrated into customers’ business.
It is not the first sustainability initiative from the Arvika facility. Despite actually increasing production last year, the factory managed to reduce its internal climate footprint by 350 tons of CO2 thanks to a variety of emission reduction efforts.
“Our goal at the factory in Arvika, as well as Volvo CE and the entire Volvo Group is to be climate-smart and to produce fossil-free machines,” Liljestrand added. “Together, we are quite clear that we want to lead this transformation and be the driving force of more sustainable ways of working for the benefit of our planet. This investment is Arvika’s exciting first step towards electrification.”
Building work is set to begin later this year, with further announcements on when production will begin to come.


Payment & Shipping Terms:
|Application:||All Fine Powder Products||Packing Speed:||30-80bag/min|
|Max Width:||150mm||Warranty:||1 Year|
|Material:||304# Stainless Steel & Carbon||Bag Length:||40-200mm|
40mm Masala powder packing machine,
back seal sachet packing machine,
Masala Powder Sachet Packing Machine
40mm Masala Powder Spice Back Seal Sachet Packing Machine
Made in Foshan Price Automatic Turmeric powder chilli powder masala powder spice back seal sachet packing machine
Dession Horizontal Pillow plastic fittings packaging machine widely applied for various kinds of regular objects like food, medicine, daily appliances,cosmetic,metals, industrial parts, boxes, trays, toys and etc.
1) Imported PLC full computer control system, color touch screen, easy to operate, intuitive and efficient.
2) Impoted servo film transport system, imported color code sensor, accurate positioning,
excellent overall performance and beautiful packaging.
3) A variety of automatic alarm protection functions to minimize losser.
4) Flat cutting, pattern cutting, linking cutting can be realized by changing the tools;easy operation with smooth bags.
5) Bag-making equipment can be changed according to specific requirement of customers and products.
6) Optional English or other languages screen display, easy and simple operation. Both packaging speed and bag length can be set with one click.
7) All machines have CE certification and ROSH certificate.
1. The section where the material contact is stainless steel as the body of machine is optional for complete orpartial stainless steel and all out equipments have passed the CE Standard.
2. Computer controller is the first patent of China; inverter and power switch are all imported with advanced technology.
3. Optional English or Chinese screen display, easy and simple operation.
4. High-sensitivity photoelectric color tracing and digital input of cutting position get more accuracy.
5. Embedded sealing , enhanced structure of heat sealing intelligent temperature controller and excellent heat balance make all kinds of packaging materials possible with good performance, low noise, clear cutting pattern and strong sealability.
6. Packaging speed and length of bags can be set to some extent without further adjustment and parts changing. Packaging speed and length of bags can be set to some extent without further adjustment and parts changing.
Dession is a modern packaging equipment solustion provider integrating R&D, production and sales.Since the establishment of the company, with the continuous exploration, research and application of advanced technology, the company's development has begun scale, with an innovative team of professional and technical personnel, engineers, sales and after-sales service personnel.
Q1: Do you have manual or operation video for us to know more about the machine?
Yes, not only manual or operation video, 3D drawing also available to make as per your design,also the video we can make of testing the material from our packaging machine if your packing goods easier for us to find from our local market.
Q2: How can I trust you for the first time business ?
Please note our above business license and certificate. And if you don't trust us, then we can use Alibaba trade assurance service, guarantee your money, and guarantee your machine's on-time delivery and machine quality.
Q3: Is engineer available to serve oversea?
Yes, but the travel fee is paid by you. So actually to save your cost, we will send you a video of full details machine installation and assist you till the end.
Q4: How can we make sure about the machine quality after we put the order?
Before delivery, we will send you the pictures and videos for you to check the quality, and also you can arrange for quality checking by yourself or by your contacts in China.
Q5: Will you provides the door to door service?
Yes. Please offer us your final destination, we will check with our agent to see if it available, and most of the area is ok for us to clearing and sending in your countries.
Contact Person: sandy


Your back garden must need a very relaxing artwork. This two-tier two-tier water fountain is red marble mixed with white patterns. The sculpture of little angels has different postures on each floor. Small fountains But it can create extraordinary charm for the garden. The stone-carved fountain can also decorate the surrounding environment. The two tier water fountain can form a spectacular sound effect landscape, which is more pleasant with music, and can form various shapes. The lively, spectacular and colorful night scene is the theme of night appreciation. The fountain uses a modern circulation system, which can make the water agile, avoid the formation of stagnant water and smelly water, effectively save water resources and strengthen the utilization of waste water. The stone two tier water fountain is one of the ideal landscapes with the highest ornamental value and the most vitality in the artificial environment. The fountain in the garden is generally an artificially constructed decorative water spray device for the needs of landscaping. The two tier water fountain can moisten the surrounding air, reduce dust and temperature, which is beneficial to improve the appearance of the city and enhance the physical and mental health of residents.


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La Campagne Aveyronnaise v188.8.131.52
Good morning all. Small update of the WIP of the map. If you have any ideas, don't hesitate.
Addition of field, 2 cow pastures, a new cow farm and a hen farm, new village, new BGA, and addition of details of his etc.
What has already been done:
-New environment map (that of the season)
-Addition of calves
-Main farm edit
-Added more light in the main farm stall
-Added milk tank in the stall of the main farm
-Added trigger to sleep

domain: agronomy


Elon Musk says Tesla's robot will make physical work a 'choice'
[August 20, 2021: The Brighter Side of News]
After dominating the electric vehicle market and throwing his hat into the billionaire space race, Tesla boss Elon Musk announced the latest frontier he's aiming to conquer: humanoid robots.
The irascible entrepreneur said Thursday he would have an initial prototype of an androgynous "Tesla Bot" by next year.
Based on the same technology as the company's semi-autonomous vehicles, the robot will be able to perform basic repetitive tasks with the aim of eliminating the need for people to handle dangerous or boring work, Musk said at an online event on Tesla's advances in artificial intelligence (AI).
"Tesla is arguably the world's biggest robotics company because cars are semi-sentient robots on wheels," he said. "It kind of makes sense to put that into a humanoid form."
Tesla's touting of its automation technology comes as the carmaker faces increased scrutiny over its driver-assistance system, with safety regulators in the United States launching a probe after a series of crashes.
Tesla is accused of misleading motorists into believing the so-called Autopilot vehicles can drive themselves, though Musk has defended the system.
The Autopilot controversy was not discussed at Thursday's two and a half hour online conference, or brought up during questions from the audience.
Instead, Musk pledged that his future robot would be a benign presence.
He said the Tesla Bot, which will have five-fingered hands and come in black and white, is intended to be "friendly" and built such that "you can run away from it and most likely overpower it."
"Hopefully that won't happen, but you never know," he joked.
Musk, the second richest person in the world according to Forbes, told the conference he believes robots will phase out physical labor for people.
"I think essentially in the future physical work will be a choice," he said.
For more science news stories check out our New Innovations section at The Brighter Side of News.
Like these kind of feel good stories? Get the Brighter Side of News' newsletter.
Tags: #New_Innovations, #Tesla_Bot, #Elon_Musk, #Tesla, #Robotics, #The_Brighter_Side_of_News


Hydrogen (H) plays an important role in determining the reliability and performance of HfO2- and Al2O3-based high-k dielectric electronic devices. In order to understand H behavior, deuterium (D), an isotope of H, was introduced into the poly-Si cap of Al2O3/HfxSi1-xO2/SiO2 high-k stacks by ion implantation. Atom probe tomography was used to image the D distribution in samples annealed under different conditions. The results clearly demonstrated that the D atoms were trapped at the interface of poly-Si and Al2O3 after annealing at 900 K for 10 min. Thus, it is possible that Al2O3 blocks the H atoms at the surface, preventing them from diffusing into the high-k dielectrics during the H2 annealing process in current fabrication technology. The current work also exhibits an example of investigating H behavior in semiconductors by atom probe tomography.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Ó Riordáin to host second Irish Stand event in NYC
Senator Aodhán Ó Ríordáin is to lead another protest rally against President Donald Trump and his Irish-American support in the Riverside Church, New York City on March 16th in aid of the American Civil Liberties Union.
This follows last year’s event which attracted over 1,500 people to the iconic Manhattan venue inspired by Senator Ó Ríordáin’s anti-Trump speech which has been viewed over 50 million times worldwide.
Senator Ó Ríordáin said:
“The hypocrisy of Irish-Americans wearing green on St.Patrick’s Day while supporting Donald Trump’s racist agenda is only matched by the hypocrisy of Irish politicians who preach equality at home but rub shoulders with the far-right in the White House.
“While the Taoiseach has diplomatic responsibilities as head of government when it comes to the traditional White House visit, there is absolutely no excuse for any other Irish political leader to be validating this odious administration on St. Patrick’s Day. I am delighted that once again Colum Eastwood of the SDLP will be boycotting the event, and that he will be joining me in celebrating the true immigrant story of the Irish as we take an ‘Irish Stand’ together.”
Also speaking at the event will be members of the Kennedy family, on the 50th anniversary of Robert Kennedy’s Presidential declaration. Author Colum McCann, comedian Maeve Higgins, writer Jose Vargas and a host of international performers and activists will be taking part in Irish Stand, which will be hosted by CNN contributor Joan Walsh.
Tickets and further information can be seen here: https://www.eventbrite.


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The consumption of cauliflower has also been studied for its cancer-preventing potential. This, on top of the fact that it is versatile and just plain delicious, makes it a very good snack food!
- 1 head cauliflower
- 1/2 red onion, chopped
- 2 tablespoons butter or ghee
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 1/2 teaspoon turmeric
- Wash cauliflower and cut into florets.
- Drain on a paper towel and pat dry.
- Place butter in a large skillet over high heat.
- Add butter and onions, sauté for about 2 minutes.
- Add cauliflower florets and seasonings
- Sauté for about 5 minutes (or until your desired level tenderness)
Twist: Turmeric, sautéing.


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Discover Ethiopia: 10 Things You Didn’t Know
As we prepare to “Discover Ethiopia” on Saturday, April 27th at NWLA’s Language of Food Event, here are 10 surprising and tantalizing facts about this rich and ancient country:
1. The Ethiopian calendar, called the Ge’ez Calendar, is composed of 12 months plus five extra days that comprise a 13th month. Every four years, without exception, there is a 6th day in the extra month. This system is based on the Coptic or Alexandrian calendar, and the New Year begins the year on September 11th by our reckoning.
2. Some Ethiopians use a 12-hour clock, with the hours cycling from 1 to 12 from dawn to dusk, and then from dusk to dawn. Unlike our way of calculating time, the start of the Ethiopian day is dawn, rather than midnight. So 7:00 AM in would be 1:00 in Ethiopian time. 12:00 noon and 12:00 midnight are both 6:00, and 6:00 is 12:00.
3. Ethiopia has close ties to all three Abrahamic religions–it’s one of the few countries to be mentioned in both the Bible and the Koran. It was the site of the first hijra in Islamic history, and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa, at Negash. It’s among the oldest Christian nations in the world, and the Coptic churches in the country are also some of the world’s oldest, including the rock-hewn churches at Laibela and the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Aksum, which some claims houses the Ark of the Covenant. Until the 1980s, there was also a large population of Ethiopian Jews, the Beta Israel, but most of these emigrated to Israel during the aliyah operations of 1984 and 1991. Now, Christians form a majority of the population, with Muslims constituting about a third, while smaller numbers of Ethiopians practice Judaism, Baha’i, and traditional Animist religions.
4. Ethiopia is the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement. Emperor Haile Selassie I, who was the country’s regent from 1916 to 1930, is worshiped as god incarnate by adherents. (His birth name, Tafari, and title “Ras,” meaning “head,” give the movement its name.) Selassie is viewed as the messiah who will lead the people of the African diaspora to freedom, peace, and prosperity. He was heir to a dynasty thought to have descended from King Solomon and Queen Makeda, better known as the Queen of Sheba. Selassie visited Jamaica several times, and never denied or affirmed the Jamaicans’s claims of his divinity.
5. In Greek mythology, Cassiopeia was the wife of king Cepheus of Ethiopia. Her boast that she and her daughter Andromeda were more beautiful than the nereids brought Poseidon’s wrath on the kingdom of Ethiopia. In punishment, Poseidon put Cassiopeia into the heavens tied to a chair, in such a position that she is upside-down half of the year.
6. Ethiopia is well-known for producing some of the world’s fastest long-distance runners. Three Ethipians dominate the distance running world: Haile Gebreselassie, who has set over 20 new world records and holds the records for the 20 km, 25 km, half- and full-marathon; and Kenenisa Bekele, who holds the records for the 5,000 and 10,000 meter races. Abebe Bikila, the first African to win an Olympic metal, at the 1960 Summer Olympic in Rome, won the marathon with a record time of 2:15:16.2, and repeated his win four years later with another world record time. He ran his world-record-breaking race in Rome barefoot.
7. Ethiopia boasts several Geographic oddities. The Danakil Depression (also known as the Afar Depression or the Afar Triangle) found in North Eastern Ethiopia is the year-round hottest place anywhere on earth. It is one of the lowest points on the African continent–at 116m below sea level–and home to one of the only lava lakes in the world–at the Erta Ale volcano. The Great Rift Valley, which is visible from space as one of the most significant features of the planet, cuts through Ethiopia from northeast to south.
8. Teff, the grain used to make the indispensable Ethiopian flatbread injera, is thought to have originated in Ethiopia between 4000BC and 1000BC. It may be the smallest grain in the world, but it a nutritional powerhouse, being high in calcium, phosphorous, iron, copper, aluminum, barium and thiamine as well as a good source of protein, amino acids, carbohydrates and fiber. It’s also gluten-free.
9. Ethiopia has sheltered some of the world’s rarest animals: there are 31 endemic species of mammals; 24 of amphibians; 9 of reptiles; and 4 of fish. Among these is the Gelada Baboon (which is not, in fact, a baboon), found only in the country’s highlands. They are usually placed in their own genus, of which they are the only surviving member. The monkeys graze on grass in Ethiopia’s Semien Mountains. These same mountains also shelter the rarest canid in the world, the Ethiopian Wolf, and the endangered Walia Ibex, known as the “Ethiopian Capricorn.’
10. The Middle Awash, in the Afar Depression, is considered one of the cradles of humankind, and has been a treasure trove for archeologists. A number of Pleistocene and Miocene hominid remains–including the famous “Lucy” skeleton–have been found at the site, as well as some of the oldest stone artifacts and fire-baked clay pieces ever discovered. The relicts date from the time human and chimpanzee lineages are thought to have split, around 5 to 7 million years ago.

domain: geography


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The mission of Hudson Animal Hospital is to provide the best health care for our patients and their families. We will assist all our clients in making informed choices regarding care for their healthy or ill pet. Our goal Is to provide the highest quality of life as possible. Our qualified staff will treat everyone who enters with kindness and respect, regardless of their species. We are dedicated to educating and communicating with our clients and providing gentle, quality care to our patients.
We strive to give pets the longest and happiest life with the people that love them.


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This entry was posted by Kathleen Gomez on April 1, 2018 at 2:25 pm
…buddies. Well being and FitnessI've my calendars from Pop Pilates … I've been utilizing a fitness app that helps me monitor nicely…
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Peanut Butter and Jelly Chocolate CupsNovember 7, 2018
Seaweed ChipsNovember 19, 2018
This recipe is Vegetarian – Gluten Free – Paleo – Keto and Diabetic friendly.
If you are looking for a healthy, delicious, quick and easy bread roll recipe, then this Low Carb Seeded Bread Rolls is for you.
3/4 Cup (80g) – Almond Flour
2 Tbsp. (20g) – Psyllium Husk
1 Tbsp. (10g) – Flaxseeds
1 Tbsp. (10g) – Sunflower Seeds
1 Tbsp. (10g) – Pumpkin Seeds
1 Tsp (6g) – Baking Powder
1/4 Tsp (1g) – Pink Himalayan Salt
1/2 Cup (125g) – Smooth Cottage Cheese (you can also use cream cheese)
2 – Eggs
1 Tbsp. (15ml) – Melted, Coconut Oil
• Preheat your oven to 180˚C/356˚F.
• Add all the dry ingredients into a mixing bowl and mix it through.
• Add the cottage cheese, eggs and coconut oil together and mix well.
• Add the wet into the dry ingredients and mix it well.
• Let the dough rest for about 10 minutes.
• Line a baking tray with parchment paper.
• Divide the dough into 4 equal sized balls. You can sprinkle some mixed seeds on top if you want. For best results, lightly pat them on.
• Bake the rolls for about 20 minutes or until they turn light brown.
Makes 4 Rolls.


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Justin Bieber steps out of his teenybopper image with his latest studio album and transforms into a young adult with new beats and exciting, but not surprising, changes.
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|Description:||DVD: CDs and DVDs 2 for R99|
Listen to tracks
1. All Around The World feat. Ludacris
3. As Long As You Love Me feat. Big Sean
4. Take You
5. Right Here feat Drake
6. Catching Feelings
8. Die In Your Arms
9. Thought Of You
10. Beauty And A Beat feat. Nicki Minaj
11. One Love
12. Be Alright
A really good album by the 18 year old with some progressive elements from soul ballads to dubstep sounding dancefloor shakers. Reminds me a lot of Justin Timberlake's Sexy back, which is not a bad thing.
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Besides the built-in analogue input and encoder output ports, the LD drives will also accept an interface card for custom requirements.
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Asahi Intecc is a manufacturer and supplier of stainless-steel wire,...
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Industrial Indexing Systems (IIS) develops state-of-the-art servo system products, which...
Industrial Indexing Systems (IIS) develops state-of-the-art servo system products, which range from servo components to complete turnkey solutions for the medical device sector.
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Guardtech specialises in medical device cleanroom design and construction solutions, offering first-class controlled environment commissioning to the healthcare industry.
Horizontal laminar flow workstations function in exactly the same way as the commonly used vertical benches – however, in this configuration air passes from the rear of the unit horizontally through the open face.
Guardtech Nitrogen Generators are a reliable and efficient alternative to conventional high-pressure cylinder and liquid gas supplies.


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Jim’s Rant For The Day. He Touched The Musen't Touchit!
Last week I wrote a Rant about Turkey’s Presiden Erdegon telling the citizens he promised not to touch the Lira by bebasing it’s value from printing tons of it. Well,s he Lied. Yesterday it was announced that one Turkish bank got a free 8 Billion Lira bailout from printing funny money and continuing to debase the Lira.
Keep in mind that the 8 Billion Lira went to only one of many banks. How many more were bailed out? I am sure this will only cause the Turkish citizens to flock more to the illegal crypto currency as a safe haven from the collapsing Lira. Thus the Turkey government is in a collapse. After Turkey expect to see Europe catch this real pandemic of failing banks, and then to the US.

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- Herald Sun
- February 11, 2014
THE death of Australian car making will have severe consequences for the wider economy and leaves Victoria at a perilous crossroads, business leaders say.
And Toyota’s decision to abandon the market extends an alarming “chasm” that threatens even larger swathes of industry, they say.
The Japanese giant has dealt the final blow to Australia’s once mighty car-making sector, announcing it will join Holden and Ford in pulling out in coming years. Toyota will cease production in 2017.
Toyota Australia chief Max Yasuda said it was simply “not viable” to continue building cars here. The high Australian dollar — which soared during the mining investment boom before losing steam in recent months — was a major culprit.
But the high costs of manufacturing in Australia was also a problem, the company said, coupled with “low economies of scale” for the group and the local supplier base.
Peak business lobby groups called for the government to provide transition assistance for the components sector and to help affected workers.
They said the problems created by the Holden and Ford exits were now “magnified”.
“Today’s announcement by Toyota that it will cease vehicle production in 2017 is a sad but inevitable consequence of being the last major automaker in the country,” Australian Industry Group chief Innes Willox said.
He said government needed to help “address the chasm” that had opened across Australia’s broader industry.
“The automotive assembly companies have long held key roles in the development and diffusion of technological, process and design-led innovation in Australia,’’ Mr Willox said.
“(They) have been pivotal in the training of skilled workers and managers who have taken this expertise and applied it across the economy but particularly in the industrial sector.’’
Victorian Employers’ Chamber of Commerce and Industry chief economist Steven Wojtkiw said the blow would initially “fall hardest” on the workforce in the car making sector, but governments needed to prepare for the economic flow-on.
“The timing of the announcement is a surprise and a blow for Victoria,’’ Mr Wojtkiw said. “The challenge for policy makers is to soften the blow with actions that help transition displaced workers and affected industries and regions.’’
Mr Wojtkiw said the automaker closures also served as a warning for politicians to “get ahead of the curve” of the constantly changing economy.
“This is a stark warning to continue to have regard for critical importance of a highly skilled productive workforce.’’


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Main / Personalization / Game co tuong dep
Game co tuong dep
Name: Game co tuong dep
File size: 501mb
Co tuong is a traditional board game from Eastern. This is a remarkable rework on Chinese Chess game (co tuong, cờ tướng, xiangqi). Beautiful graphics and. 11 Apr - 31 sec - Uploaded by Oh Channel Game cờ tướng Online giao diện tuyệt đẹp, nhạc nền hấp dẫn Link tải Android: creatingmedios.com Link. Posted by baishali in Co Tuong Xiangqi or Chinese chess is also referred as the war game or a battle between two armies with each one of.
Posted by baishali in Co Tuong There are many gaming websites where you can play Xiangqi online but it is good to play in a website that. Analyze revenue and download data estimates and category rankings for top mobile games apps. Data on Cờ Tướng Online and other apps by Tuan Do.

domain: entertainment


By Christopher Chantrill / August 26, 2014 / American Thinker
The final problem for all political and religious movements is what to do after you get to the Promised Land. You’ve defeated the enemy, you’ve conquered the land flowing with milk and honey. What next?
What’s next is that the soldiers of the revolution should get a job, get married, and start a family. And forget all about millennial hope.
But usually they don’t. Instead they get angry.
That’s why blacks rioted in the aftermath of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Finally, they’d got to the Promised Land, and nothing had changed.
Fast forward to 2012 in Florida and 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri. We’ve elected the First Black President and nothing has changed.
Wouldn’t you be just a teeny bit upset?
But that’s life in the Promised Land. The prophet dies, the revolutionaries fall out amongst themselves, and ordinary politics resumes.
Then people get angry and riot like they did in the 1960s.
What did the liberals in response? They appointed the Kerner Commission, and the Kerner Commission lost the plot. It didn’t say: look, it’s natural that blacks should be disappointed; that’s what always happens after a successful revolution. Instead they wrote that the problem was not enough government. “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white — separate and unequal.” And then they blamed white racism for the riots.
Let’s give liberals their due. They purged America of white racist politicians like George Wallace and Lester Maddox. They made would-be white racist leaders like David Duke radioactive. But just to be fair and balanced, they boosted black racist politicians like Reverends Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson. Gee, what could go wrong?
So now, 50 years after blacks entered the Promised Land and 47 years after the death of Moses, it’s time to face the truth. Blacks must finally disband the millennial movement that got them to the Promised Land. They must get jobs, get married, and raise families. In that order.
It won’t be easy. All the wonderful beneficial liberal legislation, the stuff that “saved capitalism from itself,” from minimum wages to police tenure to credentialism to regulation to the swingeing taxes on labor, all that is standing in the way of blacks that want to work in the formal sector. In fact, as Sudhir Venkatesh shows in Off the Books, the combination of welfare and labor regulation condemns blacks to working in the informal sector.
And then there are the incredibly high marginal taxes on people struggling to get off welfare. I wrote about this in 2012. When you are earning about $30,000 a year, the reduction in welfare benefits that kick in as you earn more money means that your effective marginal tax rate is 167%! That’s not a misprint: you pay $167 in extra taxes and reduced benefits for every extra $100 that you earn.
I tell you. If that ever happened to billionaire greenie Tom Steyer he’d be on the phone to Nancy Pelosi within seconds. “Hey, Nance,” he’d say (because liberals are so over formality). “I just had a text from Kat.” (Kat is billionaire liberal Tom’s spirited billionaire liberal wife. Did you know that Kat has a tattoo?) “Kat says there’s some kind of a scheduling problem with that fundraiser up at the ranch next month.”
You have to admire the fiendish cunning that seems to be at work with liberal race politics. Liberals have succeeded, with just about everything they do, in preventing African Americans from getting on with ordinary life in the Promised Land. Blacks can’t get decent jobs; they don’t get married; and here in Seattle there’s Planned Parenthood just down the street from the Mount Zion Baptist Church helping to reduce black family size.
Could it be that even now it is not too late to follow escaped slave Frederick Douglass’s heartfelt plea made just the other day in 1865?
Everybody has asked the question… “What shall we do with the Negro?” I have had but one answer from the beginning. Do nothing with us! Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. Do nothing with us! If the apples will not remain on the tree of their own strength, if they are wormeaten at the core, if they are early ripe and disposed to fall, let them fall!… And if the Negro cannot stand on his own legs, let him fall also. All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! Let him alone!
Oh no. That would never do. Because compassion; because racism; because social justice; because liberal self-esteem; because political power. No, no. The future belongs to the Talented Tenth of every race, and if you disagree you are a hater.


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Two of the most famous jerseys in football, one age-old rivalry and some of the finest footballers on the planet: the second semi-final at the Men's Olympic Football Tournament Beijing 2008, between Brazil and Argentina, has all the makings of a classic. Crucially, the prize for the victors is a place in Saturday's final.
This is the first time in over 100 years of competition that two South American sides have faced each other in an Olympic semi-final, although the continent's superpowers did meet at Seoul 1988, when the likes of Claudio Taffarel, Bebeto, Careca and Romario helped Brazil to a 1-0 win.
As for Beijing 2008, both sides have barely put a foot wrong in reaching the last four, having won all four of their respective matches. But with Brazil still to concede a goal in the tournament and Argentina having put together ten consecutive Olympic wins, something has to give on Tuesday.
The cast list for the Beijing blockbuster could hardly be more impressive. Skippering their sides will be Ronaldinho and Juan Roman Riquelme, the symbols of a golden generation of players and the protagonists of one of the most eagerly awaited personal duels of the tournament. The stellar quartet of Alexandre Pato, Sergio Aguero, Diego and Lionel Messi will ensure the pace does not slacken in an encounter that will either see the Albiceleste win the right to defend their title or the Seleção earn a tilt at seizing gold for the first time in their history.
The players to watch: Lionel Messi (ARG) and Diego (BRA)
There is little question that the outcome will hinge to a great extent on the inspiration of these two players, who have been vital to their sides so far in Beijing. The young Barcelona wizard has scored twice for Argentina already, and the Werder Bremen playmaker has been at the heart of the Brazilians' best moves. The question is, who will swing the balance in their side's favour?
The numbers game
2 - The number of times Brazil and Argentina have met in semi-final ties in the last ten years, both sides claiming a win apiece. The Brazilians came out on top in the FIFA U-20 World Cup United Arab Emirates 2003, while the Albiceleste were celebrating in the same competition two years later in the Netherlands.
"It's always special to play against Brazil. They'll be out to win because they've never won a gold medal, but so will we because we want another one. It's true they've beaten us a few times recently, but that's history now and everyone in this squad has been on the winning side against Brazil at least once," Argentina midfielder Javier Mascherano.


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Best Far Heating Pads
Nowadays, there are so many products of far heating pads in the market and you are wondering to choose a best one. You have searched for far heating pads in many merchants, compared about products prices & reviews before deciding to buy them.
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Far Infrared Electric Heating Pad for Back Pain, Heating Pads with Innovative Graphene Heating Films, for Lower Back, Cramps, Pain Relief – Large Size 12 * 24inches
- Innovative Graphene Heating Materials: This far infrared heating pad takes 4pcs 4*6inches graphene films as heating elements.
- Far Infrared Heat: All living things need sunshine – for far infrared heat. Graphene provides pure far infrared radiation, more compatible with human body.
- Safety: DC10V output, safer than the traditional 110V electric pads
- 1 Hour auto shut off
- 3 Temperature settings from 113℉-149℉.
- Full Body Size: Large size 12 x 24inches full body heating pad, keep the pad closer to body for hot feeling, safe to lay on. Perfect for lower back, shoulders, abdomen, legs, arms, shoulder, pain relief.
- Hassle Free After Service & Warranty: Your satisfaction is guaranteed thanks to our industry-leading warranty program.
UTK® Far Infrared Natural Jade and Tourmaline Heating Pad Mats for Pain Relief Small Pro (23.5”X16”) With Smart Controller Memory Function Auto Shut Off Timing Setting [FSA or HSA] Travel Bag Included
- FULL BODY VERSATILITY: perfect for treating sore muscles in your back, shoulder, abdomen, legs, arms, etc.
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- FDA Certification. UTK Far Infrared Natural Jade Heating Pad is FDA registered as Medical Device Class II, and UTK TECHNOLOGY passed FDA Audit for GMP quality system.
BRIGENIUS Far Infrared Electric Heating Pad for Back Pain Relief, Innovative Graphene Heating Material Fast Heating Pad for Cramps Neck Shoulder, 3 Heat Settings with Auto Shut-Off – 12" X 24"
- [Innovative Graphene Heating Material]: Innovative graphene heating material, 2 expensive 4″ x 6″ graphene film inside, releases 6~14μm far infrared life light wave, more compatible with human body, heats in seconds to provide fast pain relief to aching muscles.
- [Extra-large 12″x24″ & Super Soft]: Made with super soft crystal cotton for awesome cozy feeling, XL size is perfect for treating sore muscles in your back, shoulders, abdomen, legs, and arms.
- [Safety & 3 heat settings & Auto Shut-Off]: 110V input, 10V 3A output, more safety. Automatic shut-off 1 hours shut off option will prevents burns caused by excessive heating, 3 temperature settings to accommodate your comfort level.
- [Machine-washable]: Helps maintain the beauty and softness for years to come. Remove the inner sleeve when washing the coat. IMPORTANT NOTE: DON’T clean directly.
- [Warranty ]: We provide this graphene heating pad with worry-free 18-month warranty and 24/7 customer service. If you any question or unhappy with your purchase, please contact us immediately, HASSLE-FREE refund or replacement.
UTK Infrared Jade Back Heating Pad, Heating Wrap for Pain Relief – Far Infrared Therapy Waist Belt for Lumbar & Stomach Pain, EMF Free, Auto Off, Smart Controller
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- NO EMF HEATING PADS. UTK is specialized in Health Care and committed to solving EMF all the time. Waist Belts feature DC Heating to guarantee NO EMF.
- LIGHTWEIGHT AND BODY-SHAPED WRAP FOR ALL BODY PARTS. Also, the light Infrared Waist Belts are effective in knee relaxation, stomach pain. The flexible bands guarantee the using comfort for all people.
- SMART CONTROLLER features Temp Settings, Auto Shut-off, Memory Function.
Heating Pad, Far-lnfrared Heating Pads with Auto Shut Off, Ultra Soft Heat Pad with 3 Temperature Settings for Back Shoulder Pain Relief, Fast Heating with Graphene Heating Element 12"x 24"(Grey)
- 【BENEFICAL FIR HEATING PAD】- Our heating pad uses graphene films as heating elements, to simulate the body’s treatment of pain from direct sunlight, emitting far infrared rays similar to sunlight.It can relax muscles and relieve stiffness, make the pain go away.
- 【ADJUSTABLE HEATING POWER】-To meet your requirement of warmth,our heat pad can adjust the heating temperature from 113 to 140℉ which is the most suitable temperature for most of us.But there may be individual differences.Simple press the power button to switch the temperature levels (Red-High, Yellow-Medium, Green-Low).To switch on or switch off,you should press on the button for a litte while.Equipped with a 9-foot extra-long cord makes it easier to use from the comfort of your bed or sofa.
- 【1 HOUR AUTO SHUT-OFF & SAFETY】- Our electric heating pads would automatically shut off after 1 HOUR work. It is worry-free for overheating when you fall into sleep. To make the heating pads start again, just simply press the power button. It is worth mentioning that, our Graphene heating pad works with 12V only which makes it very safe to use.
- 【ULTRA SOFT & LIGHT COVER】- We insert four Graphene films into a very soft and light cover, which is very skin-friendly for various parts of your body, like back, shoulder, neck, waist, abdomen and legs, helps you relieve fatigue and muscle stiffness effectively.
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Thermotex Far Infrared Heating Pad – Platinum
- PATENTED TECHNOLOGY For over 23 years Thermotex has nurtured and supported individuals through pain management and healing with science backed technology. Clinical trials and rigorous testing have proven the efficacy and long-term benefits of this infrared therapy for various types of pain that is often left unchanged by traditional pain management strategies. Thermotex products provide deep penetrating heat that does not burn or dehydrate, targeting pain and inflammation where it originates
- TRUSTED PRODUCT Thermotex products have attained medical device registration with the FDA and Health Canada, while meeting integral manufacturing standards and ISO certifications for their trademarked products. Manufacturing in their Calgary, Alberta facility has allowed them the ability to maintain complete control to ensure compliance is met ensuring each product is as close to perfect as it can be
- GUARANTEED PAIN RELIEF Relieves pain and inflammation naturally with far infrared heat therapy, penetrating 10x deeper than traditional heating pads. After just 20 minutes the soothing infrared wavelengths penetrate up to 2.36 inches resulting in increased blood flow. The increased blood flow brings in oxygen, nutrients and proteins and reduces lactic acid and inflammation in the area being treated. These enhanced natural properties are what the body requires to promote healing
- WARRANTY AND CARE All products come with a one year manufacturer warranty on parts and labor. All covers can be easily cleaned by dry cleaning or washing in your washing machine. Remove all heat inserts and wiring and wash on a gentle cycle. Place in the dryer on low heat or allow to dry naturally on a drying rack
- PLATINUM Our Platinum model is the most popular due to its versatility. Designed with 3 heat inserts allows you to use it comfortably anywhere on your body. Use it in the flat position to treat back pain or menstrual cramps. It can also be wrapped around your arm or leg, draped over your shoulder or zigzagged in the nape of your neck. Ideal for treating conditions such as arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, fibromyalgia and sports injuries. It comes with a long and short strap for ease of use
Mieuxbuck Far Infrared Heating Pad for Pain Relief, Innovative Graphene Electric Heating Pads for Back Pain, 3 Heat Settings with Auto Shut Off Large Size (12" x 24")
- 【 FIR Fast Heat 】Graphene, the revolutionary heating element, delivers pure far infrared ray. With fastest heat conduction in lightest weight, it enables the mat get hotter much faster and maintain consistent temp.
- 【 Deep Penetration 】 Compared to the superficial heat, FIR heat can penetrate the skin surface more deeply, whilst positively promote blood flow and relieve muscle stiffness. Greatly help wounds healing, muscular injuries, heat therapy. Good for cardiovascular health in long-term use.
- 【 Extra Large & Soft 】 Full body size 12″ x 24″ wide enough to cover the pain area. Flexible long cord ((1.8m/ 6ft) and thick microplush exterior fit human body curve. Perfect for back pain, shoulders, abdomen, legs, arms, arthritis.
- 【 Safety 】 Fixed 1 hour auto shut-off. DC-10V output, much safer than the traditional 110V electric pads. 3 heat settings from 113℉ to 149℉, it soothe your pain with optimal temperature without giving that burning sensation.
- 【 Detachable & Washable 】 Easily remove the cover so it can be washed via machine and free of deformation. We promise a strict Ex-Factory quality inspection, 2 years warranty and 24/7 customer service.
Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics, “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”.
Graphene is the newest, strongest and thinnest material. As a conductor of heat it outperforms all other known materials.
How Far Infrared work?
Our bodies radiate far infrared energy through the skin at 3 to 50 microns, with most output at 9.4 microns.
Graphene‘far infrared rays’ have a wavelength 6~19 microns, which compatible with the human body and can be easily absorbed.
Far Infrared Ray are waves of energy, which positively help activating body systems and functions.
Health Benefits of Far Infrared Radiation:
FIR Detoxifies Your Body
Far Infrared Therapy Promotes Blood Circulation
FIR increases blood circulation and oxygen
FIR Help Chronic Fatigue
FIR Reduces Pain and Stiffness(reducing muscle spasms, muscle soreness, and relief for rheumatoid arthritis.)
FIR Relieves Back Pain Symptoms
FIR Boosts Your Immune System
Heating material: Graphene heating film
Standard size: 12*24 inches
Coat material: Crystal super soft cloth
Inner cover material: PP cotton
Technical principle: The graphene heating film produces far infrared light waves
Power adapter :(OUTPUT)：5V—2A, 10W
Auto-off: 1 hours
Highest Surface Temperature: 120℉
1:Turn on the power by pressing the power button.
2: 3 temperature setting: Low setting (blue light). Medium setting (green light). High setting (orange light)
3:The pad has an automatic shut off timer which is set to 60 minutes (this function cannot be adjusted).
1*Graphene warm pad
UTK Far Infrared Tourmaline Heating Pad for Full Back Pain Relief – Infrared Therapy Heating Pads – Medium T-Plus (38" X 21"), Auto Shut Off and Travel Bag Included
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By our suggestions above, we hope that you can found far heating pads for you.Please don’t forget to share your experience by comment in this post. Thank you!
Best far heating pads: Top-Rated Brands & What to Buy


text:
Among the many poker games available, Texas Hold’Em is the most common and popular. The game’s rules are simple: players bet, raise, and fold. The player with the best hand at the end wins the pot.
Poker can be played with any number of players. The ideal number is six to eight. Besides winning the pot, players also earn points for their hands. During a tournament, players compete to win the top chip leaderboard. The winnings are split among the players.
The game is played with poker chips, which are usually plastic or ceramic. Poker chips can be exchanged for cash. Chips are a good way to keep track of your bets.
A typical poker hand consists of five cards. The best hand is a “trip” or seven. Two of a kind, three of a kind, and four of a kind are also considered strong hands. The lowest hand is a pair of aces.
The most common poker variant is the Texas Hold’Em game, which is played with a full 52-card deck. Poker games also include the stud and draw versions. Stud poker was introduced during the American Civil War. The draw variant was introduced around 1900.
Poker is played with chips, which are normally green, blue, or red. Poker chips are usually placed in the middle of the table. The chips are usually exchanged for cash.
The pot is the aggregate of all bets made by all players during a single deal. The pot can be won by making the best hand possible, or by making a bet that no one else calls.

domain: game


text:
A documentary directed by Ed Powers and Justin Lubin based on photographer Lubin's best selling underground photo essay "Porntography". It captures the.
An obsessed filmmaker George Eastman in this bizarre and surreal mix of trash, experimental and art-house cinema directed by Alex Bakshaev (Bittersweet). All be it Bakshaev's Eastman, played by Jason Impey, is a self-absorbed, somewhat eccentric personality that seems almost.
A slew of Hollywood stars -- including Carmen Electra, Lou Diamond Phillips and David Carradine -- play themselves in this mockumentary.
How to Look Good Naked is a television program, first aired on British Channel 4 in , The US format premiered on Lifetime Television in with Carson Kressley hosting, it was the #1 Unscripted Show on the network at the time.


text:
Date of Birth
23 December 1985, Chelmsford, England, UK
Harold Mark Christopher Judd
6' 1" (1.85 m)
Harry Mark Christopher Judd was born 23 December 1985 in Chelmsford, England, to Emma H. (Williams) and Christopher J. N. Judd. As a child, he liked to ride around the family estate in tractors and play cricket, which he finds a greater rush than performing on stage. When he was 17 he auditioned to be the drummer for a new pop/punk band as advertised in NME. That band is now McFly. They soon released a single, 5 colours in her hair, which shot to number 1 and rocketed them to fame. They are also in the record books for being the youngest band to have a number 1 single with their debut. They have since had many more hit singles and a no. 1 album.
Drummer of McFly
Went to school with Fightstar's Charlie Simpson.
Has a 19 year old brother and 21 year old sister
His favorite actor is Jim Carrey
His favourite bands are: The Used, The Doors, New Found Glory, Mid-Town, The Starting Line, Blink 182, Slipknot and Green Day.
Became a father for the 1st time at age 30 when his wife Izzy Judd gave birth to their daughter Lola Rose Emma Judd on 25 January 2016.


text:
Where Is She Now: Lisa Gerritsen (Actress) as Bess - The Mary Tyler Moore Show.
Name: Lisa Gerritsen
Birth Name: Lisa Orszag
Born: December 21, 1957, Los Angeles, California
Claim To Fame: She is most famous for her role as Bess on The Mary Tyler Moore Show.
Family Life: She has been married to her husband John Rustan since 2000.
Info: Gerritsen began attending casting calls at the age
of eight where she landed a role in an episode of The Doris Day Show in 1968. She followed this with guest appearances in numerous TV shows including The Odd Couple, Bonanza, The Courtship of Eddie's Father, The Virginian and Family Affair.
She made several appearances on the television show Gunsmoke, and finally landed a regular role in the 1969 NBC comedy series My World and Welcome to It, which was based on the cartoons of author James Thurber.
In 1970, she landed the role for which she would become best known, that of Bess Lindstrom, daughter of landlord Phyllis Lindstrom, played by Cloris Leachman, in the Mary Tyler Moore Show. She remained on the show until it ended in 1975, and reprised the role in the 1975-1977 spin-off
Gerritsen has also appeared in many movies, including Airport as Libby Bakersfeld, and in The War Between Men and Women alongside Jack Lemmon and Barbara Harris.
Trivia: Is the granddaughter of child actor and screen-
writer True Boardman.
Is the great-granddaughter of silent film actors True Boardman and Virginia True Boardman.
Where Is She Now: Gerritsen left acting during the late 1970s, and not much was heard about her during the 1980s.
In the early 1990s, she worked for a software company as a computer systems consultant/networking specialist.
Most recently, she worked as an Independent Relocation Coordinator and Facilities Project Manager in the San Francisco Bay area. She currently lives with her husband John Rustan and son in Northern California.

domain: celebrity


NG Rear Stainless Steel Brake Disc 245mm
OD:245mm ID:115mm 5mm Thickness
Suits Rear Application on the following but not limited to:
Superbike: 851 88-89 / 851 Strada 90′ 888
NG (New Generation) are a Spanish Company that have been manufacturing brake rotors for Motorcycles & Scooters since 1969. NG supply as OEM to many major brands in Europe. The NG brake disc range covers all styles of motorcycles. All offer options from soild to floating, wave patterns and oversize kits.


This weekend The Voice UK Top 40 will become a Top 20, as the coaches each choose five artists to take through to the live shows.
The panel will pitch singers against one each other in a round of battles, with one singer in each pair progressing, and another missing out.
Here are our predictions on the outcomes of the matters, and who will make the Top 20.
Be sure to tune in this Saturday at 7.00pm and Sunday at 7.30pm to see the actual results!
Heshima Thompson vs. [tag]Tyler James[/tag]
- We loved Heshima's take on Dynamite, but we reckon Tyler James has the advantage here.
[tag]Joelle Moses[/tag] vs. Jenny Jones
- Joelle Moses had all four coaches turn around for her, and we're sure she'll make the live shows
Frances Wood vs. [tag]Kate Read[/tag]
- By far the toughest battle to call in this group, with two very evenly matched teenager female singers, but we're hoping it goes in Kate's favour.
J Marie Cooper vs. [tag]Sophie Griffin[/tag]
- J Marie Cooper was a stand out from her first audition, but we love Sophie so much we're backing her to surprise us all!
Jay Norton vs. [tag]Jaz Ellington[/tag]
- While we're expecting some surprises, we'll be very shocked if Jaz misses out on the live shows.
Team Jessie J
Jessica Hammond vs. [tag]Vince Kidd[/tag]
- Another tough battle to call, but we tip Vince to have the edge on Jessica this weekend, despite her being one of the favourites.
David Faulkner vs. [tag]Cassius Henry[/tag]
- R&B star Cassius has the experience to win this one
[tag]Toni Warne[/tag] vs. Kirsten Joy
- As much as we love Kirsten, this battle is for Toni's to lose.
[tag]Ben Kelly[/tag] vs. Ruth Ann St Luce
- After her pitchy performance in the auditions, Ruth has a lot of work to do, so we tip Ben to come out on top.
Indie and Pixie vs. [tag]Becky Hill[/tag]
- We're backing (non-Scottish) singer Becky to win this female fight
Team Tom Jones
Adam Isaac vs. [tag]Denise Morgan[/tag]
- Denise should have the experience and vocals to out-sing her younger rival here.
Matt and Sueleen Fletcher vs. [tag]Lindsay Butler[/tag]
- We're backing Lindsay to outshine the double vocals from Matt and Sueleen, but we're still surprised the coaches turn around for them in the first place
Deniece Pearson vs. [tag]Ruth Brown[/tag]
- A tough battle that could easily go either way, and we're siding with Ruth after her monstrous note in the auditions.
Barbara Bryceland vs. [tag]Leanne Mitchell[/tag]
- Two female vocal powerhouses who have been trying for years to make it, it's going to be a tough one to decide and we're backing Leanne.
Aundrea Nyle vs. [tag]Sam Buttery[/tag]
- We reckon Sam has the voice and style to pull this one off.
Team Danny O'Donoghue
Bill Downs vs. [tag]Max Milner[/tag]
- We're tipping Max to edge out his rockstar opponent here, but it's going to be close.
[tag]David Julien[/tag] vs. John James Newman
- We think David will come out on top in this clash
[tag]Aleks Josh[/tag] vs. Emmy J Mac
- It's hard to compare these two singers, and while we'd love to see more of Emmy, we're expecting Aleks to win Danny's vote.
[tag]Hannah Berney[/tag] vs. Murray Hockridge
- Hannah has to win this!
[tag]Bo Bruce[/tag] vs. Vince Freeman
- Bo's unique spin on tracks is almost sure to help her beat Vince


Today, insiders have shared enough information that the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 graphics card, designed for laptops and not desktop PCs, has appeared in benchmarks.
Of course, so far it is difficult to talk about the advantages of this video card, because these are leaked tests from secret information providers, and not real data from users or reviewers. But, in any case, insiders said that the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 for laptops is 20% weaker than the original desktop graphics card.
This, of course, is a little disappointing, because users who will buy gaming laptops want to get the most out of it, but in reality they will end up with a fairly simple model without an impressive performance boost.
The fact is that the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 itself does not have such impressive performance – users without DLSS 3 get a rather insignificant lead over the previous generation. And if you subtract another 20% from this performance, you get the simplest video card, only the cost will be impressive.
And here the user will have to think about whether he needs to buy a laptop with a new video card, if it does not give him any performance boost, or if he should look at more affordable models with video cards of the past generation.
For now, we will wait for real tests and the official announcement of the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 for laptops – it will be interesting to see.


text:
The recent events of the past several weeks have shaped our entire region in a number of different ways. From channeling outrage to questioning the role of local government and police, St. Louis Public Radio has been providing a forum for these vital and important discussions. St. Louis Public Radio and NPR's Michel Martin hosted a panel discussion called, “Ferguson and Beyond: A Community Discussion,” on the evening of August 28 at Wellspring Church in Ferguson.
It’s fair to say that Ferguson Mayor James Knowles III has broken the mold for elected leaders in north St. Louis County.
When he was first elected to his post in 2011, Knowles became one of the youngest mayors in the state. He is also one of the few Republicans who managed to electorally prevail in the heavily Democratic area. And he’s probably the only elected official in Missouri who emerged victorious in an amateur wrestling match against Randy Orton, a north St. Louis County native who became a famous professional wrestler.
An audience member shows Ferguson Mayor James Knowles III a rubber bullet wound that he says he received during unrest in the north St. Louis County city. A forum sponsored by St. Louis Public Radio became heated, with the biggest ire being directed at Knowles. NPR's Michel Martin is at center.
A forum Thursday evening peering into Ferguson’s longstanding tensions as well as the St. Louis region’s racial divisions became angry and heated, with most of a crowd’s ire directed at the town’s mayor.
Audience members expressed searing criticism of Ferguson’s governance and leadership, both of which have come under fire since one of the Ferguson's police officers shot and killed 18-year-old Michael Brown.
To have a conversation, someone must listen. NPR journalist Michel Martin says that will be her role Thursday as she moderates a public discussion in Ferguson.
“People know their own stories best,” Martin said. “I think my job is to listen to hear those stories and to make sure that everybody gets a chance to be heard who wishes to be heard, and hopefully heard in a manner that will be constructive to other people listening.
“Basically, this is neighbors talking to neighbors.”
Thursday’s community conversation at Wellspring Church in Ferguson will include:
When Michel Martin, host of NPR’s Tell Me More, brings her show to St. Louis Public Radio’s home of UMSL at Grand Center on November 8, 2013, it should come as no surprise that education will be a topic.

domain: politics


How does the Venturi System Work?
A Venturi System reduces pressure when a fluid flows through a constricted section (or choke) of a pipe. In 1797, Giovanni Battista Venturi performed experiments on flow in a cone-shaped tube and built the first flowmeter for closed pipes called the “Venturi tube”. A Venturi vacuum is created by a pump with compressed air running through it, yet the pump has no moving parts. Compressed air runs through the initial chamber, then a smaller portal that opens into another larger chamber, which is like the first one.
The static pressure in the first measuring tube (1) is higher than at the second (2), and the fluid speed at “1” is lower than at “2”, because the cross-sectional area at “1” is greater than at “2”.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect
Constricting a pipe where fluid flows through results in lower pressure. This principle is counter intuitive to common sense. Why does the pressure decrease? Where does the fluid go if the pathway is constricted? When fluid starts to flow, its velocity around the orifice in the pipe increases significantly because of the restriction in the cross-section. An illustration of this is water flowing through a pipe. Water is a liquid that is not easily compressed. When the water flows through the constricted region of a pipe, the water flows faster. The same volume of water must pass through the same space quicker. The smaller the constricted region of the pipe is compared to the original radius, the faster the speed of the fluid.
The faster the moving fluid, the lower the pressure (i.e. Bernoulie’s principle) and the higher the velocity, the greater the difference in differential pressure measured. Abrupt restrictions generate severe turbulence in a fluid. Adding a nozzle that are suited for higher flow velocities to fluids with abrasive particles will reduce turbulence and creates less pressure loss. Turbulence reduction is greater with Venturi nozzles and tubes where the restriction is created by longer, conical constrictions in the pipe wall.
NOTE: The longer the exhaust section of the pipe, the stronger the vacuum effect.
All Venturi systems, including gauges, meters, nozzles, orifice plates, chokes, and pipes can be supplied with different restriction diameter sizes so that the pressure loss and differential pressure generated can be optimized for the process conditions and applications. “In fluid dynamics, an incompressible fluid’s velocity must increase as it passes through a constriction in accord with the principle of mass continuity, while its static pressure must decrease in accord with the principle of conservation of mechanical energy” (Wikipedia, Venturi effect, Retrieved on September 18, 2018). Therefore, any gain in fluid kinetic energy and velocity as it flows through a restriction is balanced by a drop-in pressure.
Interesting note: The mass flow rate for a compressible fluid will increase with increased upstream pressure, which will increase the density of the fluid through the constriction (though the velocity will remain constant). This is the principle of operation of a de Laval nozzle. Increasing source temperature will also increase the local sonic velocity, thus allowing for increased mass flow rate but only if the nozzle area is also increased to compensate for the resulting decrease in density.
The Venturi system consists of:
- Venturi Vacuum Switch or Nex Flow Ring Vac®
- Hose or pipe
- Minimum 2.5 CFM @ 90 PSI
The Venturi system increases the sucking capacity of any air compressor. To configure a Venturi Vacuum, plug the compressor into one end, move the switch to the vacuum setting, and plug the other end into a vacuum device.
The main component is a Venturi tube. As fluid flows through a length of pipe of changing diameter. To avoid undue aerodynamic drag, a Venturi tube typically has an entry cone of 30 degrees and an exit cone of 5 degrees. (Wikipedia, Retrieved September 18, 2018).
- Quick disconnect/connect nozzle fitting
- Pressure or vacuum gauges to monitor how much vacuum is created with the system
- Vacuum pump to collect material and then use the Venturi system to move the material a greater distance
Advantages of a Venturi Vacuum System
The best advantages of a Venturi Vacuum System is that it:
- Creates a high vacuum and amplified flow to generate a strong conveying force to move any material with ease.
- Reduces energy costs with less air consumption and uses less pressure.
- Less likely to contaminate air flow because of the straight through design, which prevents clogging.
- Lightweight and portable; Simple configuration, which is easier to manufacture and less expensive to purchase. Quickly and easily assembled and attaches to existing configuration. Has no valves and requires no filters.
- Configurable: Standard, Threaded (NPT or BSP) or Flanged connection
- Available in a wide choice of materials: Anodized/hard anodized Aluminum, 304/316L stainless steel, and Teflon. Built to last: materials are treated to ensure longevity in the product’s life cycle
- Exceeds multi-stage pumps by 2 to7 times
- No electrical or explosion hazard
Venturi System Applications
Venturi tubes are used in processes where permanent pressure loss is not tolerable and where maximum accuracy is needed in case of highly viscous liquids. It is also used in applications where they replace electrically powered vacuum pumps:
- Gas venting
- Moving metal parts in a machinery rough environment:
- Hopper loading; Plastic pellets for injection molding
- Trim Removal
- Filling operations
- Material Transfer
- Gas through a transmission line or scrubber: Moves wet and dry material or fluid through a pipe
- Energy Transmission: Transporting solvents and chemicals, for example, oil and gas, steam
- Convert a standard air compressor into a suction machine to secure products with a uniform suction to secure a base to a surface. Using an air compressor as a clamping force also prevents the need for holes on a work surface.
- Measure the speed of a fluid, by measuring pressure changes at different segments of the device:
- Measure fuel or combustion pressures in jet or rocket engines
- Measure small and large flows of water and wastewater
- In metrology (science of measurement) for gauges calibrated for differential pressures.
- Water aspirators that produce a partial vacuum using the kinetic energy from the faucet water pressure
- Connect your vacuum bag to make vacu-formed laminates
- Vacuum forming operations for efficient industrial applications
- Atomizers that disperse perfume or spray paint (i.e. from a spray gun).
What is a Vacuum Pump?
A vacuum pump is a device, which was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke. It removes air and gas molecules from a sealed or confined space, which results in a partial vacuum. Sometimes vacuum pumps remove gas from an area, leaving a partial vacuum behind or remove water from one area to another, such as a sump pump does in a basement.
The performance of a vacuum pump is measured on the speed of the pump or the volume of flow at the inlet in volume per unit of time. The pumping rate fluctuates for each type of pump and the gas/liquid/fluid that it is used on. The number of molecules pumped out of the container per unit of time or throughput is another performance factor.
A vacuum’s suction is caused by a difference in air pressure. A fan driven by an electricity reduces the pressure inside the machine. Atmospheric pressure then pushes the air through the carpet and into the nozzle so that the dust is literally pushed into the bag.
The components of a vacuum pump are:
- Suction: The higher the suction rating, the more powerful the cleaner.
- Input Power: The power consumption is in watts. The rated input power does not indicate the effectiveness of the cleaner, only the amount of electricity it consumes
- Output Power: The amount of input power is converted into airflow at the end of the cleaning hose. The airflow is often stated in airwatts (watts).
How does a Vacuum Pump Work?
A rotating shaft, in a sealed space, removes air and gas molecules. This action progressively decreases the air density within the enclosure resulting in a vacuum. As the pressure in the enclosure is reduced, it becomes more difficult to remove additional particles. The amount of energy produced by a vacuum pump depends on the volume of gas removed and the produced pressure difference between internal and external atmosphere.
The two technologies used by vacuum pumps are gas transfer or capture.
Transfer pumps allocate the thrust from the vacuum side to the exhaust side to accelerate the gas.
They move the gas molecules by kinetic action or positive displacement:
Kinetic transfer pumps direct the gas towards the pump outlet using high speed blades or introduced gas pressure. Kinetic pumps do not typically have sealed containers but can achieve high compression ratios at low pressures.
Positive displacement transfer traps gas and moves it through the pump. They are often designed in multiple stages on a common drive shaft. The isolated volume is compressed to a smaller volume at a higher pressure and expelled to the atmosphere (or to the next pump). It is common for two transfer pumps to be used in series to provide a higher vacuum and flow rate. The expelled gas is above atmospheric pressure when the same number of gas molecules exit the pump as enter it. The compression ratio is the exhaust pressure at the outlet measured in relation to the lowest pressure obtained at the inlet.
Capture pumps capture the gas molecules on surfaces within the vacuum system. This pump works at lower flow rates than transfer pumps but can provide a very strong vacuum. Capture pumps operate using cryogenic condensation, ionic reaction, or chemical reaction and have no moving parts. They can generate an oil-free vacuum.
The mechanical vacuum pumps usually have an electrical motor as a power source, but can alternatively rely on an internal combustion engine, and draw air from a closed volume and release it to the atmosphere. The rotating-vane vacuum pump is the most popular of kind of mechanical pump. Individual rotors are placed around a shaft and spin at high velocities. Air is trapped and moved through the intake port and a vacuum is created behind it.
Types of Vacuum Pumps
Pumps can be considered either wet or dry pumps, depending on whether or not the gas is exposed to oil or water during pumping. Wet pump will use oil or water for lubrication and/or sealing and this fluid can contaminate the swept (pumped) gas. Dry pumps have no fluid. They have tight spaces between the rotating and static parts of the pump, use dry polymer (PTFE) seals, or a diaphragm to separate the pumping mechanism from the swept gas. Dry pumps reduce the risk of system contamination and oil disposal compared to wet pumps.
Note: Vacuum pumps are not easily converted from wet to dry by changing the pump’s style. The chamber and piping can be contaminated if wet. Therefore, all wet pumps must be thoroughly cleaned or replaced, otherwise they will contaminate the gas during operation.
|Type of pump
|Primary (Backing) pumps
|Oil Sealed Rotary Vane Pump
|Wet Positive Displacement
|Liquid Ring Pump
|Dry Positive Displacement
|Dry Kinetic Transfer
|Vapor Diffusion Pump
|Wet Kinetic Transfer
|Sputter Ion Pump
Reasons to use a Vacuum Pump:
- Provide a force
- Collect dust
- Remove active and reactive constituents
- Remove trapped and dissolved gases
- Decrease thermal transfer
- Increase the “mean free path” of gas molecules so that the pressure becomes useful.
The mean free path is the distance a molecule travels before colliding with another molecule. A molecule could experience the following types of flow in a vacuum:
- Viscous flow, turbulent: Tremendous random movement as the molecules try to move into any open space that may lead to a faster exit.
- Viscous flow, laminar: After a few minutes, the rush of molecules to leave ends and they begin to move to an exit in an orderly fashion.
- Molecular flow: The mean free path becomes longer inside the diameter of the pipe creating free flow of molecules. The gas molecules will more likely collide with the pipeline (container) walls than with another molecule. As the pressure drops the conductance also drops until the gas flow changes to molecular flow. Conductance is the measure of the mass of gas flowing at the average pressure per meter of the pipe length.
Advantages of a Vacuum Pump
- Moves large volume of air/low vacuum
- Converts pressure to flow (requires higher pressure to operate)
- Collects dirt, dust, and debris
- Saves energy
Vacuum Pump Applications
- Medical processes, which require suction such as therapy or mass spectrometers
- Chemical and pharmaceutical applications
- Scientific analytical instruments that analyzes solid, gas, surface, liquid, and biological materials such as electron microscopy
- Process industries to vent fumes, remove dust and dirt, power equipment, and trash compacting:
- Sugar mills
- Pulp & paper
- Vacuum tubes
- Electric lamps
- Glass coating
- Gyroscopes in flight instruments are powered by a vacuum source in case of an electrical failure.
- Treatment plants for sewage systems
- Remove water from one area to another, such as a sump pump does in a basement.
Venturi System VS Vacuum Pump
A Venturi system can be used in many of the same applications as a vacuum pump. The main advantage of Nex Flow’s Venturi system (Ring Vac) is that the units are compact and rugged, simple to configure and requires no maintenance compared to the vacuum pumps. When continuously venting air – choosing a low pressure vacuum pump can save energy costs. However – if intermittent conveying of materials is what you are looking for – a compressed air operated ring vac with an instant on/off switch can save energy cost when using compressed air.