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England and Wales High Court (Administrative Court) Decisions
You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> England and Wales High Court (Administrative Court) Decisions >> LDRA Ltd & Ors v Secretary of State for Communities And Local Government & Ors  EWHC 950 (Admin) (06 May 2016)
Cite as:  EWHC 950 (Admin)
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QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION
Strand, London, WC2A 2LL
B e f o r e :
| (1) LDRA LIMITED
(2) DR MICHAEL HENNELL
(3) COLIN EVANS
(4) PRIORY WHARF MANAGEMENT COMPANY LIMITED
|- and -
|(1)SECRETARY OF STATE FOR COMMUNITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
(2) CAMMELL LAIRD SHIPREPAIRS AND SHIPBUILDERS LIMITED
(3) WIRRAL BOROUGH COUNCIL
Stephen Whale (instructed by the Government Legal Department) for the First Defendant
The Second and Third Defendants did not appear and were not represented
Hearing date: 14 April 2016
Crown Copyright ©
Mrs Justice Lang:
i) The effect of the proposed development on the living conditions of nearby residents of Priory Wharf.
ii) The effect of the proposed development on the operation of LRDA Ltd, the occupier of the offices to the south of the site.
iii) The effect of the proposed development on nature conservation.
iv) The effect of the proposed development on heritage assets.
v) The suitability of the site for development, having regard to flood risk.
vi) The effect of other considerations in the overall planning balance.
"75. The appeal site lies within a primary industrial area on the UDP Proposals Map. Within this designation, the proposed offices and warehouse would be acceptable in principle. However the criteria in Policies EM6 and EM7 apply to new employment development and are also relevant. The development of the site at Alabama Way for a marine operations and maintenance facility would not cause unacceptable harm to the living conditions of nearby residents at Priory Wharf, nor would it result in material harm to the operations of LDRA Ltd. Insofar as nature conservation interests are concerned, there would be no significant adverse effect, and I have found no conflict with Policies EM6 and EM7.
76. The proposal would not detract from the significance of heritage assets, and there would be no conflict with Policy CH1 of the UDP which seeks to safeguard listed buildings. Policies in the UDP concerning the developed coastal zone and the inter-tidal zone are also relevant to the appeal proposal. Whilst there is compliance with most provisions of Policies CO1 and COI7, the closure of about 40m of the riverside footway would conflict with the requirement to preserve public access to the coast.
77. As a consequence of the conflict with Policy CO1 concerning public access to the coast the proposal would not be fully consistent with the Development Plan. I consider that the effect on jobs is of neutral significance in the planning balance, but the proposal would contribute to the implementation of off-shore renewable energy projects, and it would thereby accord with a core planning principle of the NPPF. This is a significant benefit of the proposal which clearly outweighs the limited harm of conflict with Policy CO1 arising from the loss of a short stretch of footway."
i) The adverse impact of vibration on the First Claimant's business;
ii) The adverse impact on disabled persons, because of loss of the car park, and access to the riverside.
iii) The loss of access to the slipway by charter-boat operators.
iv) The proposed condition excluding B2 uses in the building.
v) An alternative available site.
"An application under section 288 is not an opportunity for a review of the planning merits of an Inspector's decision."
Ground 1: Vibration
Ground 2: Disabled persons' access to the riverside
"149 Public sector equality duty
(1) A public authority must, in the exercise of its functions, have due regard to the need to
(a) eliminate discrimination, harassment, victimisation and any other conduct that is prohibited by or under this Act;
(b) advance equality of opportunity between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it;
(c) foster good relations between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it.
(2) A person who is not a public authority but who exercises public functions must, in the exercise of those functions, have due regard to the matters mentioned in subsection (1).
(3) Having due regard to the need to advance equality of opportunity between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it involves having due regard, in particular, to the need to
(a) remove or minimise disadvantages suffered by persons who share a relevant protected characteristic that are connected to that characteristic;
(b) take steps to meet the needs of persons who share a relevant protected characteristic that are different from the needs of persons who do not share it;
(c) encourage persons who share a relevant protected characteristic to participate in public life or in any other activity in which participation by such persons is disproportionately low.
(4) The steps involved in meeting the needs of disabled persons that are different from the needs of persons who are not disabled include, in particular, steps to take account of disabled persons' disabilities.
(5) Having due regard to the need to foster good relations between persons who share a relevant protected characteristic and persons who do not share it involves having due regard, in particular, to the need to
(a) tackle prejudice, and
(b) promote understanding.
(6) Compliance with the duties in this section may involve treating some persons more favourably than others; but that is not to be taken as permitting conduct that would otherwise be prohibited by or under this Act.
(7) The relevant protected characteristics are
pregnancy and maternity;
religion or belief;
"65. The relevant jurisprudence is clear and not controversial.
66. As Dyson LJ said in [R (Baker) v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government  PTSR 809] (in paragraph 31), the duty is not a duty to achieve a result, but to have due regard to the need to achieve the statutory goals. This distinction, said Dyson LJ, is "vital". The failure of a decision-maker to make explicit reference to the relevant statutory provision (in that case section 71(1) of the Race Relations Act 1976) would not determine whether the duty under the statute had been performed, for this "would be to sacrifice substance to form" (ibid., paragraph 36). Dyson LJ went on to say this:
"37 The question in every case is whether the decision-maker has in substance had due regard to the relevant statutory need. Just as the use of a mantra referring to the statutory provision does not of itself show that the duty has been performed, so too a failure to refer expressly to the statute does not of itself show that the duty has not been performed. To see whether the duty has been performed, it is necessary to turn to the substance of the decision and its reasoning.
38 Nevertheless, although a reference to section 71(1) may not be sufficient to show that the duty has been performed, in my judgment it is good practice for an inspector (and indeed any decision-maker who is subject to the duty) to make reference to the provision in all cases where section 71(1) is in play. In this way, the decision-maker is more likely to ensure that the relevant factors are taken into account and the scope for argument as to whether the duty has been performed will be reduced."
67. The court must consider whether due regard has been paid to the equality duty, and not simply whether the failure to have due regard to that duty was Wednesbury unreasonable (R (Child Poverty Action Group) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions  EWHC 2616 (Admin), at paragraphs 70 to 72). "Due" regard means, as Dyson LJ said in Baker (at paragraph 31), "the regard that is appropriate in all the circumstances". The circumstances include "the importance of the areas of life of the members of the disadvantaged group that are affected by the inequality of opportunity and the extent of the inequality" and "such countervailing factors as are relevant to the function which the decision-maker is performing" (ibid.).
68. As Aikens LJ said in [R (Brown) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions  PTSR 1506] (at paragraph 35), "the general duty [in section 49A(1) of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995] is expressed in broad and wide-ranging terms of the needs or targets to bring about a change of climate, but the section is silent as to how it should be done". He emphasized (at paragraph 82) the need for the decision-maker to "pay regard to any countervailing factors which, in the context of the function being exercised, it is proper and reasonable for the public authority to consider". What these factors are in a particular case will depend on the function being exercised and all the circumstances that bear upon it. Aikens LJ added:
" Clearly, economic and practical factors will often be important be important. Moreover, the weight to be given to the countervailing factors is a matter for the public authority concerned, rather then the court, unless the assessment by the public authority is unreasonable or irrational "
70. Performance of the due regard duty must be an integral part of the formation of the decision, not merely the justification for the making of that decision (see R (Kaur) v Ealing LBC  EWHC 2062 (Admin), at paragraph 24). Because the performance of the duty is a matter of substance, to be judged according to the facts of the case in hand, there must be enough information to enable the necessary balancing exercise to be carried out, and that information must be before the decision-maker (see Child Poverty Action Group, at paragraphs 70 to 76). In Brown it was held that the underlying objective of the general duty under section 49A(1) of the 1995 Act was "to create a greater awareness on the part of public authorities of the need to take account of disability in all its forms and to ensure that it is brought into "the mix" as a relevant factor when decisions are taken that may affect disabled people" (paragraph 30).
71. The decision under challenge in this case is a planning decision, the decision of a local planning authority to approve a scheme of development. It is not a decision of a public body to withdraw or reduce a particular service, such as the court had to consider, for example, in the Birmingham case, which concerned the provision made for disabilities in the then current budget of Birmingham City Council. Much of the case law is concerned with decisions of that kind. This is not to say that the public sector equality duty is less onerous in a planning case than it is in others. It is not. But in such a case the circumstances in which the authority's performance of the duty has to be scrutinized will inevitably be different."
"109. In Bracking v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions  EWCA Civ 1345, para 26 McCombe LJ summarised the principles to be derived from the authorities on s 149 , as follows:
"(1) As stated by Arden LJ in R (Elias) v Secretary of State for Defence  EWCA Civ 1293 at 274,  IRLR 934,  1 WLR 3213, equality duties are an integral and important part of the mechanisms for ensuring the fulfilment of the aims of anti-discrimination legislation.
(2) An important evidential element in the demonstration of the discharge of the duty is the recording of the steps taken by the decision maker in seeking to meet the statutory requirements: R (BAPIO Action Ltd) v Secretary of State for the Home Department  EWCA Civ 1293,  IRLR 934,  1 WLR 3213 (Stanley Burnton J (as he then was)).
(3) The relevant duty is upon the Minister or other decision maker personally. What matters is what he or she took into account and what he or she knew. Thus, the Minister or decision maker cannot be taken to know what his or her officials know or what may have been in the minds of officials in proffering their advice: R (National Association of Health Stores) v Department of Health  EWCA Civ 154 at 2627] per Sedley LJ.
(4) A Minister must assess the risk and extent of any adverse impact and the ways in which such risk may be eliminated before the adoption of a proposed policy and not merely as a "rearguard action", following a concluded decision: per Moses LJ, sitting as a Judge of the Administrative Court, in Kaur & Shah v LB Ealing  EWHC 2062 (Admin) at 2324.
(5) These and other points were reviewed by Aikens LJ, giving the judgment of the Divisional Court, in R (Brown) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions  EWHC 3158 (Admin),  PTSR 1506 , as follows:
i) The public authority decision maker must be aware of the duty to have "due regard" to the relevant matters;
ii) The duty must be fulfilled before and at the time when a particular policy is being considered;
iii) The duty must be "exercised in substance, with rigour, and with an open mind". It is not a question of "ticking boxes"; while there is no duty to make express reference to the regard paid to the relevant duty, reference to it and to the relevant criteria reduces the scope for argument;
iv) The duty is non-delegable; and
v) Is a continuing one.
vi) It is good practice for a decision maker to keep records demonstrating consideration of the duty.
(6) [G]eneral regard to issues of equality is not the same as having specific regard, by way of conscious approach to the statutory criteria." (per Davis J (as he then was) in R (Meany) v Harlow DC  EWHC 559 (Admin) at 84, approved in this court in R (Bailey) v Brent LBC  EWCA Civ 1586 at 7475.)
(7) Officials reporting to or advising Ministers/other public authority decision makers, on matters material to the discharge of the duty, must not merely tell the Minister/decision maker what he/she wants to hear but they have to be "rigorous in both enquiring and reporting to them": R (Domb) v Hammersmith & Fulham LBC  EWCA Civ 941 at 79 per Sedley LJ."
110. McCombe LJ went on to identify three further principles, which may be summarised as follows:
(8) It is for the Court to decide for itself if due regard has been had, but providing this is done it is for the decision maker to decide what weight to give to the equality implications of the decision (following R (Hurley & Moore) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills  EWHC 201 (Admin), per Elias LJ @ -).
(9) "[T]he duty of due regard under the statute requires public authorities to be properly informed before taking a decision. If the relevant material is not available, there will be a duty to acquire it and this will frequently mean that some further consideration with appropriate groups is required" (R (Hurley & Moore) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills  EWHC 201 (Admin), per Elias LJ @ ).
(10) The duty to have due regard concerns the impact of the proposal on all persons with the protected characteristic and also, specifically, upon any particular class of persons within a protected category who might most obviously be adversely affected by the proposal (Bracking, per McCombe LJ @ ).
111. As to the importance of the second principle, McCombe LJ stated @ -:
"it seems to me that the 2010 Act imposes a heavy burden upon public authorities in discharging the PSED and in ensuring that there is evidence available, if necessary, to demonstrate that discharge. It seems to have been the intention of Parliament that these considerations of equality of opportunity (where they arise) are now to be placed at the centre of formulation of policy by all public authorities, side by side with all other pressing circumstances of whatever magnitude" and "In the absence of evidence of a 'structured attempt to focus upon the details of equality issues' (per my Lord, Elias LJ in Hurley & Moore) a decision maker is likely to be in difficulties if his or her subsequent decision is challenged"."
"59. Policy CO1 expects that public access to the coast will be at least preserved, and Policy CO7 requires that public access should be preserved unless this would be impractical. The greater part of the appeal site comprises a public car park, and a riverside footway from the north continues across the site to its southern boundary. Plan AL16 identifies these areas as highway, which it is proposed would be stopped up. The justification to Policy CO1 refers to an objective of the Council to complete a continuous coastal route for pedestrians and cyclists. The proposal would not sever the riverside route, since a gate prevents access to the south beyond the appeal site. The footway between Priory Wharf and the appeal site would continue to provide public access from the surrounding area to the riverside and the route to the north to Woodside. Only a short stretch of footway would be excluded from public use by virtue of the proposal, and there would still be the opportunity to reach the riverside immediately to the north of the existing slipway. Nevertheless there would be a loss of public access across the site, a distance of about 40m, contrary to the requirement of Policy CO1 to preserve public access to the coast. I appreciate that it would be impractical to permit public access on foot within the operational site, and for this reason I find no conflict with Policy CO7.
60. There is disagreement between the parties concerning the usage of the public car park at Alabama Way. The car park is a pay and display facility, and the Council's evidence, endorsed by the Appellant, is that it is little used. Information from ticket sales for the period from January 2011 to April 2014 indicates that on average only 2-4 vehicles a day are parked on the site. Local residents reported that at times there could be up to 30 cars present, and it was suggested that the discrepancy with ticket sales could be due to use of the car park by disabled persons who are exempt from charges, and the non-purchase of tickets for some short stays. I note that photographs 9 and 10 in the Appellant's LVIA show use of the car park by at least 6 and 8 cars respectively, in excess of the Council's evidence but markedly less than the number suggested by local residents. There are opportunities to park on nearby streets, and the Council is satisfied that space here would accommodate parking displaced from Alabama Way. No parking survey of the locality has been submitted, but I anticipate that in the evening and at weekends, when there may be more people wishing to reach the riverside by car, competition for on-street spaces with vehicles associated with the industrial and commercial premises in the locality would be less than during the normal working day. That said, the off-street spaces are further from the riverside and less convenient to use, particularly for disabled persons.
61. As a consequence of redevelopment of the appeal site, there would be no direct access to a short stretch of riverside footway, and the loss of the car park would make it less convenient for those travelling to this part of the riverside by car to reach their destination. I conclude that the proposal would not preserve public access to the coast, and that it would conflict with Policy CO1 of the UDP. This is a matter to which I give limited weight, bearing in mind the short length of footway affected and the continuing opportunity to reach the riverside in the vicinity of Monks Ferry."
"My husband unfortunately suffered a stroke two years ago so obviously he has restricted movement. We use that car park regularly, it is so convenient for me to run him round in the car . I push him along the promenade because it is nice and flat. I could not do this otherwise because I am no longer young myself. The steep slope down to the car park on foot and with a wheelchair is out of the question for me. I am at a loss to understand the thinking on these plans because that area is used by many, it is the only open space left here that is not taken up by industry."
Ground 3: Loss of access to the slipway by charter-boat operators
"64. I have also considered the implications of the proposal for charter boat operators who use the slipway to collect and disembark customers. Representatives of the Mersey Charter Boats Association explained that the slipway is used by about 11 local boats and 5/6 Welsh boats, principally in connection with fishing trips. The three operators who appeared at the hearing explained that there is no place other than the Monks Ferry slipway where they are able to gain 24 hours access to the Mersey. This is important since fishing trips do not typically last from one high tide to another, and each considered that inability to use the slipway would threaten the future of his business. However no detailed assessments have been submitted to demonstrate that the operation of these businesses cannot be adjusted to withstand the loss of access to the Monks Ferry slipway. Another operator, although objecting to the proposal, has stated that he uses the slipway on rare occasions and works out of Liverpool Marina during the winter months.
65. Although the charter boat operators make use of the slipway, their right to do so has been questioned by the Appellant. The slipway is owned by the Council, which has explained that the slipway is not open to the public, that there are no recorded permit holders, and that it is intended for use by the Council, emergency services and Government agencies. At the hearing the legal representatives of the Appellant and LDRA/ Dr Hennell agreed that private rights of way could be established if there was evidence of uninterrupted use over a period of 20 years. That is not a matter for consideration as part of this appeal. However, if a private right to access the slipway by the charter boat operators were established they should be able to continue using it irrespective of the development. On the other hand, if no such right were found to exist, there would appear to be no basis for their use of the slipway.
66. The proposal would create up to 65 new jobs, but there is a possibility that jobs at LDRA would be moved out of the area if redevelopment went ahead. The number of jobs created by Cammell Laird would be less than the number potentially affected at LDRA; however in my judgement there would be greater certainty attached to job creation by the development on the appeal site, and I consider that these factors carry equivalent weight. From what I have heard, the ability of the charter boat operators to continue to use the slipway by is not dependent on the outcome of this appeal. Overall, the implications of the proposal for jobs are a neutral factor in the planning balance."
Ground 4: B2 use
"74. The Appellant has put forward the proposal as a blend of B1, B2 and B8 uses. A condition restricting the use of the site to B1 and B8 uses would therefore be unreasonable. In any event conditions requiring a construction management plan and noise mitigation measures should protect the amenities of adjacent occupiers, and they would also render a condition concerning loud individual noises unnecessary."
Ground 5: An alternative available site
"Dr Hennell has pointed to unused land and foreshore between Pacific Road at Woodside and Seacombe, and has also made reference to the Liverpool side of the river. However there are no details of specific locations in these extensive areas. The information before me does not indicate that any of the alternative locations put forward would be more appropriate for the proposed marine operation and maintenance facility than the appeal site."
i) The appeal statement of Dr Hennell referred to "extensive unused land and foreshore area between Pacific Road, Birkenhead and the Seacombe Ferry, Wallasey. This is already an area for deep-water operations, such as ferries to Ireland."
ii) Dr Hennell's written presentation to the WBC Planning Committee stated "there is an extensive unused land and foreshore area between Pacific Road and the Seacombe ferry. This is already an area for deep water operations (ferries to Ireland, etc). This land may also be in the possession of another company related to Cammell Laird."
"the boat travelled across the river from Liverpool Marina towards the appeal site and it then went upstream to Rock Ferry to enable views of possible alternative sites to the south of the appeal site. Seacombe Ferry is, by contrast, downstream and to the north of the appeal site. After Rock Ferry, the boat followed the same course in reverse back to Liverpool Marina. I have no recollection of a site at Seacombe Ferry being pointed out during the site visit."
"I refer to the witness statement of Dr Hennell in relation to the alternative facility at Seacombe Ferry, which is before the Council at the date of this witness statement. The leader of Wirral Borough Council, Cllr Phillip Davies, has confirmed to me personally that the Council supports the Dong Energy facility so as to avoid the adverse residential amenity impacts the development at Alabama Way would give rise to. "


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Home Brand View Hands-on review: OPPO Reno4 Pro 5G The OPPO Reno4 Pro 5G was launched in the UAE on September 22. We got an exclusive hands-on review with the device ahead of its launch by Gulf Business September 24, 2020 As OPPO gears up to celebrate its 16th anniversary this year, the global technology company has made major strides. Apart from internalising most of its production – reportedly over 85 per cent of OPPO products are manufactured in-house – it has also notched up over 19,300 patents while at it. Importantly, the company has committed $7bn in R&D over a three-year period starting 2019, that’s resulted in a consistent stream of releases. One of the areas where the smartphone major has excelled in is its 5G technology. Europe’s very first commercially-available 5G smartphone was launched by OPPO – the Reno 5G – in 2019. Since then, it has built on its 5G advantage and launched other devices with this technology too. Here in the UAE, the OPPO Find X2 Pro 5G, launched in June 2020, and offered a high-end package priced at nearly Dhs5,000 at the time of its launch. On September 22, OPPO launched its latest Reno4 Pro 5G – part of the new Reno4 Series – in the UAE at a retail price of Dhs 2,499, around half what you’d typically pay for a 5G device with similar design and camera capabilities from a competitor. We went hands-on with the device recently, along with the new OPPO Enco W51 wireless earphones which comes complimentary with it for those in the UAE who pre-order the phone until September 29. Gripping the phone, it’s slim (7.6mm) and lightweight (172gm) with a narrow body that allows you to not only hold the phone firmly with one hand, but also allows your thumb to comfortably cover the breadth of the device. Featuring a Qualcomm Snapdragon 765G processor, it boasts a dual-mode 5G SA (Standalone Access) and 5G NSA (Non-Standalone Access). The difference between the two is that while the former is built to be compatible with dedicated 5G infrastructure, the reality is that we’re a fair bit away from seeing its ubiquitous use. Hence the advantage of the 5G NSA which uses 4G network infrastructure to provide higher speed and access to the internet. The phone includes a 12MP Ultra Night Wide-angle Video Lens (Shot with OPPO) The phone’s 6.5-inch AMOLED screen curves gently along the edges and has a refresh rate of 90Hz which displays sharp distortion-free images. With a competitive price tag, the new Reno4 Pro 5G isn’t angling for the position of a business device, but rather one that is aimed at a younger audience. That brings us to the camera, where OPPO has paid significant attention to boosting its night-photography and video capabilities. The triple cameras at the rear are arranged in a linear format. It comprises a 48MP main camera, a 12MP Ultra Night Wide-angle Video Lens – using a Sony IMX708 sensor – and a 13MP telephoto lens which supports 5x hybrid optical zoom and up to 20x digital zoom. On the device, you can toggle through to the video mode where you’ll find the symbol of a crescent moon to activate the Ultra Night Mode. We tested it out in low-light conditions and the brightness of the images really did increase quite substantially. OPPO says that its camera research team in Japan spent over a year honing the Ultra Night Video algorithm used for this device that bumped up video brightness in low-light conditions by nearly 75 per cent. The OPPO camera team spent over a year honing the Ultra Night Video algorithm on this device (Shot with OPPO) In those poor light conditions, a laser detection autofocus technology quickens the camera’s autofocus – reportedly by over 140 per cent over a standard camera. The Sony IMX708 ultra-wide-angle sensor allows for a panoramic shot with a wide field of vision. But alternatively, from dark nights to bright lights, the phone’s camera has another trick up its sleeve. Typically, it’s notoriously difficult to shoot a subject against a bright backdrop – for example with a windowpane in the background. But with a Live HDR mode on this new phone, another smart algorithm kicks in to separate the shadow from highlight and allows the subject in the foreground to light up. The Reno4 Pro 5G also features an Ultra Steady Video 3.0 that reduces blur around moving images, and this image stabilisation technology can even be used from the front 32MP camera, which is useful for video chatting while on the move. The battery life can, rightly, be a key factor for several customers when deciding which device to purchase. OPPO has particularly excelled in this area. With a proprietary 65W SuperVOOC 2.0 flash charging technology, we managed to raise the charge on our Reno4 Pro 5G from 55 per cent to 99 per cent in around 16 minutes. OPPO has also built in a safety mechanism into the device via circuit breakers at five points across the adapter, cable, phone and battery which will cut the supply of current should it detect any surge in current. You can’t fully deal with the problem of low-battery anxiety without building a phone that doesn’t give up in the final moments of its battery life. OPPO has introduced a Super Power Saving Mode which, it says, will allow WhatsApp chats for over 1.5 hours or calls for over an hour or the ability to watch 100 short videos, take 100 selfies and text for 90 minutes – all of this when you’re down to the last 5 per cent of your battery charge. The Reno4 Pro 5G uses OPPO’s ColorOS 7.2 UI that brings a range of easy to use features to the smartphone. Built-in are OPPO developed apps such as video editing tool – Soloop as well as OPPO Labs that allows you to customise ringtones. The 256GB device is shipped with 12GB of ROM, and is available in Galactic Blue and Space Black – the blue version features over a million crystal planes along the caseback that give it a high-gloss look though with a matt finish that doesn’t allow the caseback to become covered in fingerprints. According to Counterpoint Technology Marker Research, OPPO was the fifth-highest selling smartphone manufacturer in Q2 2020, accounting for around nine per cent of the market. For it to further accelerate in the last two quarters, it has to roll out a greater number of 5G devices – and at a competitive mid-range price bracket, without letting these feel mid-level in specs or design. The Reno4 Pro 5G is a good start. OPPO Enco W51 The Reno4 Pro 5G ships along with the all-new OPPO Enco W51 active noise-cancelling wireless headphones. Equipped with 7mm drivers, it is compatible with Bluetooth 5.0 technology. It did a good job of cancelling out ambient noise, with OPPO saying that it delivers up to 35db of noise-cancelling ability – compared to the average of 20 you’d find on headphones from most other manufacturers. It even has a triple-microphone setup to reduce ambient noise when taking calls. While it was the right fit straight out of the box for our ears, there are also three additional earbuds – large, small and extra small – for anyone who wants a more snug fit. The Reno4 Pro 5G 256GB is available at Dhs 2,499 and can be pre-ordered until September 29 with a complimentary OPPO Enco W51 headphones from here. From September 30 onwards, the headphones can be purchased independently for Dhs499. Tags Gadgets oppo Reno4 Pro 5G Review Sponsored Technology 0 Comments Share Tweet Share Share You might also like Live: All the views and news from GITEX Global in Dubai Apple launches new AirPods and new music plan GB Tech Awards 2021 to honour the industry’s trailblazers in Dubai Explainer: Has the UAE’s hospitality sector recovered from the Covid-19 pandemic?


text:
Quantifying root deformation caused by soil radial pressure: A case study with vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides)
Liu, W-G, Liu, J-X and Ma, Q. (2016) Quantifying root deformation caused by soil radial pressure: A case study with vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 18 (03). pp. 573-576.
*No subscription required
Roots in compacted soil experience both axial resistance and radial pressure. Axial resistance at root apex and radial pressure perpendicularly at root surface cause root deformation i.e., change in root shape. Although the effects of axial resistance are well described in literature, there is a lack of quantitative approach to examine the radial impact. In addition to morphological observation in root cross sections, this study quantified the radial impact of compacted soil on root surface and vascular cylinder by measuring root roundness (R) and flattening (F) of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) seedlings. The plants grown in high bulk density soil (1.58 g cm-3) exhibited uneven root surface with invaginations, reduced R and increased F in root hair zone, compared with plants in low bulk density soil (1.20 g cm-3). However, soil compaction had little effect on vascular cylinder in terms of microscopic observation, the R and F values. It is concluded that the measurements of root roundness (R) and flattening (F) are consistent with microscopic observations and can be used to quantify root deformation under soil compaction.
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Veterinary and Life Sciences|
|Publisher:||Friends Science Publishers|
|Copyright:||© 2016 Friends Science Publishers.|
|Item Control Page|

domain: agronomy


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A piece of home: Nova Scotia Christmas trees hauled to Fort McMurray, Alta.
Homesickness around the holiday season led one couple living in northern Alberta to start a Christmas tree lot stocked with special firs from their family farm in Nova Scotia.
Fort McMurray is home to many east coasters, and for most of them, there's nothing like a Nova Scotian Balsam Fir Christmas tree.
The Lenihan family has grown the Christmas trees for generations, but the economic downturn in 2013 pushed Blake to leave the farm behind with his brother and work in Fort McMurray.
"Blake was heartbroken not to have a piece of home with him, and he really missed his Nova Scotia Balsam Fir Christmas trees," his wife Ann Kidston told CTV News Edmonton. "He was homesick."
"Blake and Laird have grown up harvesting and selling Christmas trees and selling firewood."
In 2014, Kidston set out to have one tree shipped from the family farm more than 5,000 kilometres away until she found out it would cost a small fortune.
"We knew there were other east coasters out here," she added. "So, why not try to bring a little bit of our home out here with us to Fort McMurray."
That's what prompted McMurrays Christmas Trees. The business has grown from sending just a dozen trees in its first year to hundreds.
"We've been doing it ever since," Kidston said. "It's a labour of love."
This year, 601 trees were shipped to the northern Alberta town. Half of the trees sold in just 24 hours this weekend.
"It's sort of like our Christmas when our trees arrive," Kidston said. "We love to be right there… cause you can just smell the balsam fir.
"Balsam fir has a wonderful fragrance," she added.
People lined up at the Christmas tree lot in Fort McMurray, Alta., Saturday morning to get their hands on a Balsam Fir tree (Supplied).
In the past, Kidston said the trees would be brought by truck from the farm in Lunenburg County to Halifax then taken by rail to Edmonton. From there, a truck would rush them to Fort McMurray.
With supply challenges due to the pandemic, the family had to enlist the help of a truck hauler to bring them the entire way to northern Alberta in time for Christmas.
Lloyd Benedict, who usually hauls seafood and helps others move between the provinces with Radars Moves, filled his transport truck with the trees.
"That's definitely a piece of home," Benedict said. "We figured the east coasters that live out here; it's a big part of being home."
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domain: geography


text:
Visit Engelberg, a freeriding paradise, with IFMGA-certified guide Leo. A dream spot for both beginners and advanced skiers, perfect for a 1-day program.
Jan, Feb, Mar
The terrain surrounding Engelberg in Central Switzerland is a freeriding paradise. With great powder conditions, this classic spot in the Alps has impressive descents, open to both beginners and advanced skiers. Join one of my groups this next season!
As one of the main ski resorts in this region of the Alps, Engelberg offers so many routes and circuits you will be amazed! It is truly one of the best destinations for freeride skiing.
To begin this program, I will first meet you at the Talstation Titlis in Engelberg. I will then guide you on an intense and rewarding freeride skiing day. Here, you will be able to experience amazing slopes and long runs of up to 2000 m.
Skiers interested in this program need to have a good fitness level and some previous experience on the slopes. Each group will be between 1 and 4 skiers. Also, you will need freeride equipment including avalanche protection gear.
Ready to go on this Guided freeride ski day in Engelberg? Request your booking for the next season! If you are interested in other 1-day activities in this area, check out Ice climbing day in Brunnital, Central Switzerland, and Guided feeride ski day in Andermatt. For a 2-day program, have a look at this Ski touring guided program in Andermatt – Oberalppass.
Talstation Titlis, Engelberg
I was born in Erstfeld in 1972. I currently live in Silenen, in the Canton of Uri (Switezerland), with my family. I became a professional mountain guide in 2000. Since then, I have spent many winters in the area of Saas-Fee, where I acquired vast experience.
As part of my mountaineering experience, I participated in the setup of the Hexenstieg via ferrata route, also known as the "witches trail".
Up in the mountain, I enjoy both winter and summer. My favorite activities are freeriding, ski touring, ice climbing and sports climbing. One thing that I particularly enjoy is discovering new areas, always with safety as a golden rule. I also provide training programs according to your specific needs.
The guests that come along in my tours have different goals. Sometimes they have a particular goal in mind that they want to achieve, or they want to go on a specific course. Other times, they just want an unforgettable experience on the mountain to make their dreams come true. I hope to see you in one of my groups soon and help you reach YOUR goals too.
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Group of 1
|CHF 671 Each|
Group of 2
|CHF 341 Each|
Group of 3
|CHF 238 Each|
Group of 4
|CHF 186 Each|
Want a different number of travellers?
- Guiding fee
Chamonix-Zermatt Haute Route Ski Tour
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Stay up-to-date on the best adventures.


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Delhi (The Capital of India) is the capital city of India. It is third largest city of the world. Located on the bank of River Yamuna. It serves as the centre of the government of India and the government of the national copital territory of delhi. It is one the nine districts of delhi union territory. New Delhi hosts 134 foreign embassies/ high commissions.
Its is one of the fastest growing cities in the world and has a total population of nearing three hundred thousand residents. New delhi is one of the world’s top global cities. The National Geographic’s Traveler Magazine describes it as one of the ultimate cities of a lifetime to visit and explore. New Delhi is the most expensive city in India for expatriates in terms of cost of living.
Its divided into two parts Old Delhi and New Delhi.
‘Old’ Delhi, the capital of Muslim India between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries, is full of formidable mosques, monuments and forts. The ancient Delhi of the Mughal emperors was surrounded by a wall and was a congested city of narrow bylanes. Though better known as Old Delhi, this area is also called Delhi. Old Delhi , Shah Jahan’s seventeenth-century capital ( Shahjahanabad ), lies 2km or so further north.The Delhi Jn rly stn is in Old Delhi, the inter-state bus terminus is slightly to the north, at the Kashmiri Gate. Buses go to all over north and west India from the Kashmiri Gate. Near the Delhi Gate lies the Yamuna on the left and the Aruna Asaf Ali Rd on the right, ending at Ramlila Pavilion, the juncture of Old and New Delhi.
It’s a lively area of colourful bazaars, narrow streets and barely controlled chaos. Monuments in sandstone and marble, which stand in assorted states of repair, make Delhi a veritable museum of Indo-Islamic architecture, seen at its best in the frenetic streets of Old Delhi. Old Delhi looks entirely different from the more modern New Delhi and south Delhi areas.
The other Delhi, the imperial city created as the capital of India by the British. In addition to its historic interest and role as the government centre, Delhi is a major travel gateway. In 1911, the British asked Lutyens to give new meaning to city development which is reflected in the architectural designs and sophistication that buildings in Delhi like Parliament House, Rashtrapati Bhavan, India Gate, Connaught Place and various administrative buildings like the South and North blocks along the breathtaking view available from Raj Path. The capital of the Indian republic is at New Delhi, the planned city devised by the British. The smooth roads, modern houses and buildings and offices and departments attract tourist. As you come out of the New Delhi rly stn, in front is Paharganj and on the south Chemsford Road which intersect at Connaught Place. New Delhi, the imperial city created by the British Raj, is composed of spacious, tree-lined avenues and imposing government buildings, and has a sense of order absent from other parts of the city.
Monument of Delhi
Rashtrapati Bhawan built with a mix of western and Indian styles. It was originally built for the Governor Gerneral of India. Inaugurated in 1931 as the viceregal Lodge, the name was changed in 1959 after india became a republic. Now is the presidentail place of India.
India Gate and Rajpath
India Gate is a memorial raised in honour of the Indian soldiers who died during the Afghan wars and world war. The names of the soldiers who died in these war are inscribed on the walls. The cenotaph in the middle is constructed with black marble and depicts a rifle placed on its barrel, crested by a soldier’s helmet Each face of the cenotaph has inscribed in gold the words Amar Jawan. The Green Lawns at India Gate are a popular evening and holiday rendezvous for young and old alike. Every year the Republic day celebrations are made in Delhi. The armymen and other citizens of India who are awarded or who participate in the celebration walk through the Rajpath.
Akshardham Temple it is the largest Hindu Temple in the world. It was built in 2005. In the sprawling 100-acre(0.40 km) land rests an intricately carved monument, high-technology exhibitions, an IMAX theatre, a musical fountain, a food court and gardens.
Humayun’s Tomb was built for Humayun’s window, Hamida Banu Begum. Designed by a Persian architect named Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, the structure was begun in 1562 and completed in 1565. The tomb established a standard for all later Mughal monuments, which followed its design, most notably the Taj mahal.
The Qutub Minar is located in a small village Mehrauli in southe Delhi. It was built by Qutab-ud-din Aibak of the slave dynasty, who took possession of delhi in 1206. It is a fluted red sandstone tower, which tapers up to a height of 72.5 metres and is covered with intricate carvings and verses from the Quran. Qutub-ud-din Aybak began constructing this victory tower as a sign of muslim domination of delhi and as a minaret for the muezzin to call the faithful ot prayer. However only the first story was completed by Qutb-ud-din. The Other stories were built by his successor Iltutmish. The two circular stories in white marble were built by Ferozshah Tughlaq in 1368, replacing the original fourth story.
The balconies in the tower are supported by exquisite stalactite designs. The tapering tower has pointed and circular flutings on the first storey and star-shaped ones on the second and third stories.
The decision for constructing the Red fort was made in 1639, when Shah Jahan decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Within eight years,Shahjahanabad was completed with the Red Fort-Qila-i-Mubarak (fortunate citadel) — Delhi’s seventh fort — ready in all its magnificence to receive the Emperor. Though much has changed with the large-scale demolitions during the British occupation of the fort, its important structures have survived.On every republic day the flag of India is hosted by the president.
Chandni Chowk, a main marketplace in Delhi, keeps alive the city’s living legacy of Shahjahanabad. Created by Shah Jahan the builder of Taj Mahal, the old city, with the Red Fort as its focal point and Jama Masjid as the praying centre, has a fascinating market called Chandni Chowk. Legend has it that Shah Jahan planned Chandni Chowk so that his daughter could shop for all that she wanted. The market was divided by canals. The canals are now closed, but Chandni Chowk remains Asia’s largest wholesale market. Crafts once patronized by the Mughals continue to flourish there. Chowk is one of the oldest and busiest markets in central north Delhi, the Laal Quila (The Red Fort) and Fateh Puri Masjid. With the most famous mosque of Delhi Jama Masjid in the vicinity, along with Sis Ganj Gurudwara, Jain Mandir and a lot of small temples, the place witnesses a genuine cultural harmony.
The Masjid-i-Jahan Numa, commonly known as Jama Masjid, is the principal mosque of Old Delhi. Commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and completed in the year 1656, it is one of the largest and best known mosques in India.
On the bank Yamuna River, which flows past Delhi, there is Raj Ghal, the final resting place of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation. It has become an essential point of call for all visiting dignitaries. Two museums dedicated to Gandhi are situated nearby.
Lying close to the Raj Ghat, the Shanti Vana (literally, the forest of peace) is the place where India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was cremated. The area is now a beautiful park adorned by trees planted by visiting dignitaries and heads of state.
The Baha’i Temple, situated in South Delhi, is shaped like a lotus. It is an eye-catching edifice worth exploring. Built by the Baha’i community, it offers the visitor a serenity that pervades the temple and its artistic design.
The Purana Quila (Old Fort) is a good example of medieval military architecture. Built by Pandavas, renovated by Humayun, with later modifications by Sher Shah Suri, the Purana Quila is a monument of bold design, which is strong, straightforward, and every inch a fortress. It is different from the well-planned, carefully decorated, and palatial forts of the later Mughal rulers. Purana Quila is also different from the later forts of the Mughals, as it does not have a complex of palaces, administrative, and recreational buildings as is generally found in the forts built later on. The main purpose of this now dilapidated fort was its utility with less emphasis on decoration. The Qal’a-I-Kunha Masjid and the Sher are two important monuments inside the fort. It was made by Aqeel in 1853.
When Ghazi Malik founded the Tughlaq Dynasty in 1321, he built the strongest fort in Delhi at Tughlaqabad, completed with great speed within four years of his rule. It is said that Ghazi Malik, when only a slave to Mubarak Khilji, had suggested this rocky prominence as an ideal site for a fort. The Khilji Sultan laughed and suggested that the slave build a fort there when he became a Sultan. Ghazi Malik as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq did just that: Tughlaqabad is Delhi’s most colossal and awesome fort even in its ruined state. Within its sky-touching walls, double-storied bastions, and gigantic towers were housed grand palaces, splendid mosques, and audience halls.
Distance from major cities
Agra 210 Kms
Jaipur 263 Kms
Mandawa 266 Kms
How To Reach There
Indra Gandhi International Airport is self explanatory.
Delhi Railway Station is well connected with all major states & cities of India.
NH-2 connects Delhi with Agra and NH-8 connects Jaipur with Delhi.
- Chor Bazaar, New Delhi
- Bukhara Restaurant, New Delhi
- Zaffran, New Delhi
- Nirula’s, New Delhi
- Kasbah Restaurant, New Delhi
Hotels in New Delhi
|Luxury Hotels||Medium Hotels||Budget Hotels|
|Taj Mahal Palace||Tivoli Garden||Florence inn|
|Radisson||Amarya Haveli||Grand Godwin|
|The Oberoi||Palace Heights||Godwin Deluxe|
|Shangri La||Hotel Amber|

domain: history


Ryze Tello drone Boost Combo – Powered by DJI
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Specification: Ryze Tello drone Boost Combo – Powered by DJI
Item Name: Tello, Aircraft, Weight: Approximately 80 g (Propellers and Battery Included), Dimensions: 98mm*92.5mm*41mm, Propeller: 3 inch, Built-In Functions: Range Finder, Barometer, LED, Vision System, WIFI 802.11n 2.4G, 720P Live View, Port: Micro USB Charging Port Flight Performance, Max Flight Distance: 100m, Max Speed: 8m/s, Max Flight Time: 13min Battery, Detachable Battery: 1.1Ah/3.8V Camera, Photo: 5MP (2592×1936), FOV: 82.6°, Video: HD720P30, Format: JPG(Photo), MP4(Video), EIS: Yes Brand: GameSir, Item No: T1d, Supporting Platform: ios7.0+, Android 4.0+, Bluetooth Version: BLE4.0, Charging Voltage: 3.7V-5.2V, Working Temperature: 0°C-40°C, Working Humidity: 20-80%, Working Distance: 7M, Battery Capacity: 600MA


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This is the story of Mérida, Mexico, the city which now occupies the very ground that once formed a part of the Mayan city of T’hó. Mérida is considered to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in this part of the world. In such place of historic and cultural importance, a sapodilla tree germinated and was slowly spreading its roots deep inside the earth’s crust. Sapodilla is quite a common plant in Mexico, widely recognised for its ornamental value and the flavoursome ripe berries. But why this one became so special?
Because, unlike its other companions who perished in widespread urbanisation, this sapodilla not only survived but created such a bond with its human neighbours, that when they decided to build a shelter for themselves in the very land it stands, they made special provisions for this beautiful tree. Indeed, the owners of Casa del Arbol expressly ordered a central position for the tree and, in the process, bring down all artificial barriers preventing human being’s cohabitation with nature. The architect Taller Estilo Arquitectura most delightfully complied to their missives.
But for the presence of sliding glass doors acting as a transparent barrier between the two, the dining room shares its space with the kitchen area. This helps to create an impression of a free flowing space without going the full length and creating a hindrance to privacy. Guests can easily hop into the dining space from the living room and so can do the members of the house from the private areas of the buildings.
A stylish wooden stair connects this part of the house to the upper floors. The building itself is divided into two parts that are joined by a courtyard on the ground floor and a green terrace on the floor above.
The living room with its tasteful mix of modern and historic teak furniture, large shiny myrtle green sofa and side board immediate impresses everyone with its geniality. The ornate tiled motifs on the floor complemented by green tiled border enthralls everyone who steps inside this room. An equally decorative illustration on the wall adds some embellishment to the otherwise modest white washed walls and ceiling.
Every room of the house has to have a direct contact with its natural surroundings. Glass panelled doors covering the entire one side of this kitchen cum dining space inject both light and, when open, perfumed air of the garden in the area inside. Wooden storage units, islands and stools perfectly blend with the green tiled floor. Like other parts of the house, the amount of furniture and embellishments has been kept to bare minimum to exude a more expansive feeling.
The master bedroom occupies the first floor of the building. The lightweight and barely existent furniture give the room a breezy feeling. It opens up to an elegantly decorated deck. This area uses Dzalam covered bamboo flooring to a striking effect. Reclining chairs are supplied to sit and relax under the smiling face of the evening sky.
Even in its contemporary form, Casa del Arbol merges effortlessly with Mérida’s ancient cityscape. The house occupies 149 sq metres and possesses a curved shape. The plot size of 178 sq metres can be found close to the heart of the city. With a joint effort of creating a ceaseless connection with nature, the house with this associated garden also manages to create a bit of oasis in the city’s urban surroundings.
The courtyard creates a cosy lounge with a few plush stools upholstered in grey or neutral tones before merging with the backyard. This can be used as an additional entertainment area or space for partying by the poolside. Next to the famous tree, the circular swimming pool grabs the maximum attention.
If you are planning for your hideout close to nature, then do not forget checking the story of this house out.

domain: artistic


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Did you know that the average home price is $436,800? Perhaps, you are selling your home soon or wish to protect your investment.
The ideal house you want to sell for that much money probably isn’t furnished with discoveries from the thrift store. It most likely resembles a well-designed room.
The money from selling your house is just the beginning of your financial gains. Instead of wasting your money on house maintenance and repairs, learn how to benefit from it.
Want to learn more? Below are 4 easy DIY projects to increase home value!
1. Paint the Home’s Interior and Exterior
One of the simplest and most affordable methods to raise the value of a property is to paint the interior and exterior. It is a DIY project that can be accomplished by oneself or by hiring painting contractors.
Any interior area may be spruced up with a new coat of paint since it adds color and unifies the interior design of the space. By sealing in the siding and giving the property a glossy appearance, exterior painting helps preserve it from the weather.
2. Replace Old Kitchen Appliances and Fixtures
A simple DIY project that can raise home valuation is replacing outdated kitchen equipment and fixtures. Your kitchen can have a fresh, modern look by updating the cabinet hardware.
Installing new countertops, sinks, and faucets adds appeal to buyers. A modern touch can be added to a kitchen by using an eye-catching pattern or color.
3. Install New Flooring
A DIY project you can add to home improvements is installing new flooring. The duration of the process could range from a few days to several weeks, depending on how much ground you intend to cover.
You must take into account factors like price, maintenance needs, and style and feel. Once you’ve decided on the best kind of flooring for your needs, research precise installation instructions online or see an expert for guidance on the best procedure.
Take precise measurements of the area, order the appropriate quantity of materials, and get started. It is also advisable to make a detailed strategy before designing.
4. Update Your Property Landscape
Another simple technique that adds appeal to the housing market is to update the landscaping around your house. You may accomplish this with a variety of simple DIY projects, such as installing hardscapes like paths and patio designs, developing outdoor entertainment spaces, or simply planting low-maintenance plants and flowers.
Depending on your resources and abilities, you may improve the property’s curb appeal by installing built-in benches and planters or by planting trees. If you have a green thumb, you can plant a variety of landscape plants, including perennials and shrubs that bloom all year long in vibrant colors.
Learn How to Increase Home Value by Yourself
DIY projects can increase home value without breaking the bank. Projects like painting the home interior and exterior, replacing old kitchen appliances and fixtures, installing new flooring, and updating the property landscape are ways to start.
You may upgrade your home in a few straightforward but powerful ways that will not only boost its worth but also make it a more appealing place for you to live. Contact experts for additional suggestions on how to make your home more appealing.
Visit Travs Trees if you’d like to know more about tree removal.

domain: design


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Adams resigns from Texas Tech following racial remarks
Adams resigned not long after the Red Raiders men’s basketball team was eliminated from the Big 12 Tournament last week. Assistant coach Corey Williams has held the interim role in Adams’ absence.A recent story from Yahoo! Sports detailed the events that led up to Adams resigning from Texas Tech.
Below is an excerpt from the Yahoo! Sports story.
The incident involving Adams occurred in a meeting with a player, who wasn’t identified, Texas Tech said Sunday in announcing his suspension. The school said Adams “was encouraging the student-athlete to be more receptive to coaching and referenced Bible verses about workers, teachers, parents, and slaves serving their masters.”
Red Raiders athletic director Kirby Hocutt learned of the incident last Friday and issued a written reprimand, and Adams coached them in a regular season-ending loss to Oklahoma State the next day. But after Hocutt investigated the situation further, he decided to suspend Adams just three days before the start of the Big 12 Tournament.
In its release Wednesday about Adams stepping down, the school said Hocutt determined after the inquiry that the racially insensitive comment was unintentional and an isolated incident.
Adams waited until his team was eliminated before announcing that he was stepping down.
“My lifelong goal was to help and be a positive influence on my players, and to be a part of the Texas Tech men’s basketball team,” Adams said in a statement. “However, both the university and I believe this incident has become a distraction for the Texas Tech men’s basketball team and the university, which I care about so deeply.”
The 66-year-old Adams graduated from Texas Tech in 1979 and had been on the staff there since 2016, beginning as director of basketball operations under Tubby Smith and then spending time on Chris Beard’s staff. He was elevated to head coach when Beard departed for Texas, and signed a $15.5 million, five-year contract extension last spring.
The extension came after Adams led the Red Raiders to the finals of the Big 12 Tournament, where they lost to eventual national champion Kansas. They went to the Sweet 16 of the NCAA Tournament in his first season in charge.
To read the full story from Yahoo! Sports, click here.

domain: sports


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Hi Everyone, I am a newbie to this site, I completed profile yesterday after spending days scrolling over the many valuable and heartfelt posts on this site, it's a comfort having found such a brilliant network of people living with this condition and many other disorders that seem to tag themselves to immune system dysfunction. I'm endeavouring to maintain a sense of humour but am also struggling greatly. I have had chronic stiffness in neck and shoulders, past 18 months along with all the other symptons I mentioned in profile, thought it was tension, had massages, saw osteopath, then once diagnosed, I started joining all the dots. It really does feel more in my bones, my Dr dismisses any correlation to thyroid and osteoporosis, arthritis but I know how I feel, it seems all my sytems are being affected in one way or another. Again the left sided chest pain has returned, I'm taking such a low dose of levo at the moment as feel it's the med contributing to symptoms, and the chest pain scares me. maybe it's because I'm not getting enough thyroid hormone ? Does anyone have any suggestions ? I use Rhos Tox homeopathic remedy for neck and shoulders but without much effect. Also would love some advice with sourcing a natural thyroid product ? Is anyone familiar with Aswanganda ? I have blood tests again next week, would greatly appreciate any advice 😄
Content on HealthUnlocked does not replace the relationship between you and doctors or other healthcare professionals nor the advice you receive from them.

domain: medical


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Comment: Goldman can expect tough love from Buffett
The financial community is in awe of Warren Buffett, and its participants have been quick to applaud his decision to invest $5bn (€3.4bn) in Goldman Sachs. But their appreciation of his genius is not reciprocated. On the contrary, Buffett has been a frequent critic of the way financiers have conducted their affairs. He can be expected to display tough love towards his latest investment.
Buffett, the world's richest man, now has assets well surpassing the market capitalisation of Goldman Sachs Group. While the US holding company is valued at $53bn, the billionaire has $62bn according to the Forbes Rich List, although his wealth may have taken a hit in recent market turbulence.
Back in 1987, Buffett invested $700m in Salomon Brothers, later succeeding John Gutfreund as chairman following its involvement in a scandal over its bidding for US Treasury notes which enabled it to grab 90% of one particular issue in May 1990 - way over the permitted limit of 35%.
Buffett went on to clean out Salomon's stable, parting company with a series of executives along the way. He said he would tolerate losses, but added: "Lose a shred of reputation for the firm, and I will be ruthless." When Buffett stepped down as its chairman in June 1991, prior to a takeover by Citigroup, he remarked that his experience was "interesting and worthwhile" but "far from fun."
He came close to backing stricken hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management, but eventually decided the risks were too great, leaving it to Wall Street bankers to bail out the firm.
He went on to warn that derivatives can push companies onto a "spiral that can lead to complete meltdown." He referred to them as "financial weapons of mass destruction", speaking with feeling as a result of the pain he endured unwinding contracts entered into by newly acquired reinsurer General Re.
His US listed company Berkshire Hathaway still uses derivative contracts, but very carefully. Its accounting policy towards them is highly conservative. Crucially: "We hold the money, which means we have no counterparty risk."
Along the way, Buffett has condemned hedge funds, calling their fee arrangements "grotesque". He slammed "Wall Street's pied pipers of peformance," saying it was folly for investors to pay high commissions and fees in an attempt to increase returns. He refused to get caught up in the technology boom of the late 1990s, which collapsed in 2000.
In his 2007 letter to shareholders, he warned that the US was living beyond its means. "Our legislators should recognise that current imbalances are unsustainable and should therefore adopt policies that will reduce them sooner rather than later. Otherwise our $2bn daily of force-fed dollars to the rest of the world may produce global indigestion of an unpleasant sort."
When investing in stocks, Buffett's likes to take advantage of market-induced panic, when it reduces the value of stocks to below their intrinsic worth. He likes to make complicated things simple. His favourite bank is Wells Fargo, whose president John Stumpf, is renowned for servicing clients, and selling them sound products, rather than embarking on empire building strategies.
Buffett's purchase of preference stock, yielding 10%, in Goldman Sachs will cushion him against downside risk. Related warrants would given him potential ownership of 10% of the bank. Buffett has never made any secret of his belief that Goldman is the best of the Wall Street banks: Byron Trott is one of his advisers. Buffett recently said he trusted Trott completely, referring to him as "the rare investment banker who puts himself in his client's shoes."
It would be wrong to assume that everything in Goldman's garden has become rosy, just because Buffett has decided to back the bank. After all the cleansing of Salomon and General Re's derivatives was took a considerable period of time and the US credit crisis is far from over. It can be assumed that Buffett will not be tolerant of overt risk taking at Goldman.
But Buffett must be encouraged by the way the bank has reduced its leverage. Its tier 1 banking ratio would be an impressive 13.6% after the infusion of his cash. Goldman's decision to seek deposit-taking status means the risks it takes in future will be even more carefully calibrated than before. Goldman's assets have been aggressively marked to market.
It should also be stressed that Goldman's affairs cannot be compared to the sorry state of Salomon or General Re derivatives at the time Buffett got involved, although the general market backdrop in which it operates is far more severe.
The bank has not only managed to avoid mortgage blow-ups, but also remained profitable. Goldman's investments in oil and gas, which supports its commodity trading activities, would fascinated Buffett who also owns significant energy interests. He always likes to be well informed, and Goldman is the better informed than any bank.
Even though Buffett's move may not indicate this is the beginning of the end of the credit crisis, it does, at the very least, suggest it is the end of the beginning. Given he has sensed upside in Goldman stock, others will be increasingly tempted to take the same view.

domain: finance


Monday - Friday
10:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m.
Saturday 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Coming Holidays 2019
Newaygo Area District Library will be open for the following holidays.
Newaygo Area District Library offers a variety of services for you. From reading the newspaper to participating in our weekly programs, the we are more than just books.
Along with our regular arrival of newly released books, we strive to provide relevant services and weekly programming for everyone. Other Lakeland library cards as well as KDL and GRPL are also accepted to check out materials.
We look forward to seeing you upon your next visit.
44 N State Rd, Newaygo, MI 49337
The library is located just north of City Hall (within the same parking lot). The entrance to the library is located on the front or rear of the building. Here is a map.
Meet your team
Director: Kelly Tinkham
Library Assistant: Linda Rickert
Youth Services Manager: Sarah Welch
Youth Services Assistant: Carly Abbott
Lead Circulation Clerk: Ivy DeWitt
Circulation Clerk: Cathy MacLeod
Circulation Clerk: Sam Mayworm
Substitute Clerk: Justin Riley, Sheila Lownsbery


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A passer-by would probably not even notice the steep but otherwise nondescript gravel path leading to Pulaparakunnu Colony, though it is just off the main road. To reach the houses in the colony from the gravel path, you take a narrow lane through which barely two people can walk at a time.
The colony, located in the 14th ward of Meppayur panchayat in Kozhikode district, is home to 11 families belonging to the Sambava Scheduled Caste community. These families have been living right in the middle of a mainstream society but neglected by authorities and barely noticed by their neighbourhood.
Shared toilets, no electricity
When we reached the colony, which is nearly 40 km from Kozhikode, it was past 6 pm.
The families, who have been living in the colony for generations, have been denied all basic facilities. There is no electricity, the houses have thatched walls or walls âset upâ with old sarees or tarpaulin and roofs of asbestos or tarpaulin. There are only two toilets that are shared by all the residents. They donât use anything that requires electricity. Three or four men have mobile phones and that is their biggest luxury. They charge the mobile phones at their place of work.
All families are single income, with an average size of four. The men are daily wage workers while the women donât go out for work, because negotiating the steep road daily is not an easy task.
There is a solar lamp in every house around which the family members sat together. Eleven solar lamps were provided to the colony by Johnson Perumvannamuzhy, a differently abled person, two months ago. Till then the residents used to manage with candles. Bringing up children in such dismal circumstances is a tough task for parents.
The 84-cent land was taken over by the Meppayur panchayat in 1974 for a rehabilitation project for families who were landless. The promise was that 50 cents of land would be given, and it was with this assurance that the 11 families started living on the hill that is Pulaparakunnu.
âWe have been living here for generations, canât say when our great grandparents came here. So for us it is our land, where we have lived all these years,â Ratheesh, one of the colony residents, says.
Though a water tank was set up some years ago, the valve through which the residents filled water was closed by someone. Due to this, again the residents had to negotiate the steep road to fetch water from houses on the other side of the main road. The women have been confined to their homes for they donât have the time or energy to do anything else other than fetch water and do the household chores. The residents tell us that once a woman died from a heart attack while fetching water, which forced her family to move to another place.
Later, in 2015, a tank with lesser capacity was set up. But its capacity was too meagre to meet the demands of the families and water supply was available only two or three days in a week.
Generations without any documents
In the period between 1998 and 2000, two families got possession certificate for the land and of this one family got the title deed. The other residents nor the activists know how this happened.
Though people who have been living on poramboke land over the years would get title deed and other documents for their land, this hasnât happened for the residents of the colony. The only reason that can be attributed to this â the negligence of authorities to a group of people who are not aware of any pressure tactics.
Since they donât have documents to prove that they are the owners of the land, they havenât been able to apply for any documents such as ration card or voter ID card. This has in turn deprived them of all the benefits that the government provides for SC communities.
The traditional work of the residents is making mats with reed. âBut it would be income generating only if the reed is provided free of cost, like some other panchayats are providing. But in Meppayur the authorities find some strange reasons for not giving it to us,â Suman, another resident, says.
A ray of hope
The residents began witnessing a change after some activists â Vineetha, Marcel and Ratheesh â noted the colonyâs problems through a message reposted on a WhatsApp group.
âWe came to know about the hardships of the colonyâs residents through a WhatsApp message. The sight we saw when we came to the colony on January 13 was that of a woman carrying water up the road. The next day we went to the panchayat office and discussed the issue with the authorities. Soon we set up a new valve for the bigger tank to provide them water. Now they can fetch water from the tank, no need to climb up the steep road,â Marcel says.
On January 14, CPI (M) state secretary Kodiyeri Balakrishnan had come to Meppayur for an event. Minister TP Ramakrishnan was also present. At that time, Vineetha and Ratheesh brought the issues of the colony to their notice. The same evening, a team of people, including ward member Sreejaya, visited the colony.
After that, electricity was provided to one out of the four posts in the colony with which they got streetlights.
âWe spoke to Kodiyeri and the minister at the event. Even for an electric post, minister level intervention was needed. Later many posts were put up on social media about it. The Collector, Sreeram Sambasiva Rao, noticed one of them and visited the colony on January 23,â Marcel adds.
On March 1, the Sambava Maha Sabha Youth Movement provided 300-litre water tanks to each family free of cost so that they can store water.
âThe 35 people from the 11 families share two toilets. The two toilets were built in 2015 by Kin John, a Kochi native, after he came to know about their problems. Before that, the residents used to go all the way to Parakulam, which is 4 km away, to use a canal for bathing!â says Shibu of the youth movement.
Things are changing
Recently a Kudumbashree unit of the women in the colony was formed. It is still in the infant phase. The women are now hopeful that they will be provided some kind of assistance to start self- employment ventures like candle making, tailoring and the like.
The Collectorâs promise was action in one and half months, which he is keen to follow. The district judge also promised help.
On February 22, an ownership certificate was provided by the panchayat for the residents. The document allows the residents to get a title deed for four cents of land for each family. They can produce it at the taluk office to get the title deed. They can also apply for ration cards and voter ID cards with the document.
On Wednesday, officers of the district SC development office came to the colony to build a well using the SC corpus fund. As per the new plan, the colony will be converted to an Ambedkar village.

domain: sociology


Stac3y Bell is a formerly Austin-based, now relocated to Cincinnati, Ohio, country, rockabilly, and Southern Gothic singer and songwriter. Her material ranges from heartfelt ballads and waltzes to up-tempo rockabilly songs. Stac3y’s songs pendulum wildly between tragically sad and downright silly—just like her personality. She has a messy house, a guitar addiction, and a small herd of dogs. Stac3y performs both solo and with her backing band, the Wretched Exes. Recent performances include Camp House’s Spring Concert, Jester King Inn’s Spring Concert Series, and Music on the Trail (Austin Trail Foundation). She appeared on the April 24, 2022 episode of Texas Voices and has appeared on SBP Live, Guy and Jeska Forsyth’s Austin Live, and Comedians Interviewing Musicians, as well as podcasts from all over the world. Stac3y’s song “Fringes of Austin” was featured in Country Queer’s Buried Treasures.
For booking information, please email firstname.lastname@example.org.


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I believe that education is the key by which we can each open the doors of opportunity. Quality education for every American will guarantee that our communities flourish, and that our nation is thoroughly prepared for the challenges of the 21st century. I am deeply committed to ensuring that our public education system functions effectively and successfully serves our students.
Over the past several years, the United States has faced the most severe financial crisis since the Great Depression. Millions of Americans have lost their jobs, families have lost their homes, and small businesses have been crippled. Some of the nation’s largest financial institutions failed, and many of the securities markets that are critical to the flow of credit broke down.
It is very important to honor and support to our veterans of the Armed Services. I recognize the sacrifice they make to protect this nation.


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ChippaSunshine: How To: Repaint a Concrete Porch
Cutting Edge Stencils shares a DIY stenciled concrete porch makeover using the Tea House Trellis Allover Stencil. http://www.cuttingedgestencils.com/tea-house-trellis-allover-stencil-pattern.html
How to paint a porch floor: step by step process of cleaning, etching and painting for great results!
how to add characterto concrete porches
Preventing peeling paint on a concrete porch - The Washington Post
Easy DIY Front Porch Makeover Under $75 with BEHR Paint #ad Budget friendly and what a HUGE difference it makes! Love it!!
A lifestyle blog featuring DIY projects, decorating tips, family outings, and affordable ways to make your home beautiful.
Resurfacing Concrete: Porch Makeover. - fills in imperfections and gives cracked cement and new and even look. Might need for the porch! $25 a can from lowes
Front stairs needed to be redone! Valspar cement/porch paint.
HGTV Magazine has the tips and tricks you need to know to properly paint concrete steps.

domain: hobby


OSTTRA helps FIA define data standard for post-trade processing of exchange traded derivatives
“The persistence of common data fields is the key to unlocking efficiency in the current ETD post-trade workflow. This is the clear next step on the roadmap for evolutionary change in ETD and illustrates further tangible support for the DMIST initiative.”
OSTTRA is working with FIA’s Derivatives Market Institute for Standards (DMIST) members to identify a data standard for post-trade processing of exchange traded derivatives (ETD), the firm confirmed.
Home of MarkitServ, Traiana, TriOptima and Reset, OSTTRA brings processes and networks together along with the expertise to solve post-trade challenges in the global financial markets.
Common data standard in ETDs for quality, efficiency, reduced systemic risk
The global post-trade solutions company has provided data to help the industry define a common data standard aimed at increasing data quality, creating operational efficiency, and reducing systemic risk by minimizing breaks on trade date.
Both organizations have been working with key industry participants to identify the data set required at five stages of the ETD post-trade workflow, from voice trade recaps to clearing broker booking confirmations, addressing the most persistent causes of trade breaks.
The contributions from OSTTRA have resulted in significant progress in defining this data standard, which will support the DMIST draft standard on timeliness currently under review by the industry.
Unlocking efficiency in the current ETD post-trade workflow
Don Byron, Head of Global Industry Operations & Execution, FIA, said: “Building on our initial timeliness standards set out in the first phase of DMIST, it’s become increasingly clear that data standardisation is fundamental to completing the transformation of ETD post-trade workflows. The work is uniting key market participants around a common set of data fields, bringing us closer to valuable efficiencies in ETD markets, as outlined in our recent DMIST annual report.”
Joanna Davies Head of FX and Securities, OSTTRA, commented: “The persistence of common data fields is the key to unlocking efficiency in the current ETD post-trade workflow. This is the clear next step on the roadmap for evolutionary change in ETD and illustrates further tangible support for the DMIST initiative. We will continue to work within the FIA DMIST framework to further refine the dataset that will contribute to the core requirement of any suggested standard.”
Samina Anwar, Global Derivatives Operations Director for Cargill added: “The adoption of common data fields in ETD is the next step toward reducing hedging risk through data standardisation for voice trading. We’re delighted that market participants are working together to reach this milestone, which presents real practical progress in the effort to foster cross-industry engagement on the DMIST 30/30/30 standard.”