This invention relates to systems for providing a surface with uniform illumination, and more specifically, to systems wherein light rays from a non-uniform light source are directed in such a manner as to uniformly illuminate a flat surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are a variety of applications using a light source for which uniform illumination of a surface is desirable. For example, some degree of uniformity is desirable when projecting an image onto a reflective screen for viewing motion pictures. Although some of these applications do not require high uniformity of illumination of the surface, others do. For example, processes for exposing photoresists in methods of manufacturing microcircuits in which lines to be formed on a surface may be of the order of one micron apart, require a high degree of uniformity of illumination.
In general, many systems which image a light source on a plane surface to be illuminated produce uniform illumination of that surface only if there is uniform emission of light from the source. However, the angular distribution of radiation from some sources is more uniform than the spatial distribution. That is, although various points within the source have different intensities, the angular distribution of radiation from each point is substantially uniform. This fact has been taken advantage of in prior art systems as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
In the prior art system shown in FIG. 1, light rays emanating from source 10 pass through condenser lens 16, consisting of lens 12 and lens 14, which images the light source onto objective lens 18. Rays from lens 18 pass through collimating lens 20 and illuminate plane surface 22.
In this system, the uniformity of illumination on the image plane 22 depends on the uniformity of light coming from condenser lens set 16 which in turn is dependent upon the uniformity of angular distribution of radiation from source 10. In this system, the variation of light at the image plane 22 is greater than about 5 percent, which is inadequately uniform for some purposes.
In the prior art system shown in FIG. 2, the uniformity of light at the image plane 22 has been improved by replacing a part of the condenser lens of FIG. 1 with a composite lens 24 comprising field lenses 24a, 24b and 24c. Each of these field lenses produces an image of the source onto a corresponding objective lens 26 comprising lenses 26a, 26b and 26c, each of which in turn produces an image of its associated field lens on image plane 22. Collector lens 28 serves the function of merging the images from the objective lens into one image at plane 22.
Prior art systems, such as the one shown in FIG. 2, have been useful in producing substantially uniform light on a plane surface. However, the combination of lenses required by the system is complex and expensive, and a more simple system which provides a high uniformity of illumination on a surface is desirable.
Systems not having complex lens arrangements but instead having a focusing reflective lens have been used in the prior art to direct light rays from a light source in a desired direction. Examples of such systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,872,349 to Spero et al, for "Apparatus and Method for Generating Radiation". In the system disclosed in Spero et al, a microwave-generated plasma light source is disposed inside an parabolic reflector at or near the focal point of the reflector. Light rays from the source are reflected outwardly in a parallel fashion. One goal of systems such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,872,349 was to direct as much emitted light as possible at an object being irradiated without regard to the uniformity of the illumination falling on the object. Since it was well-known that a light source at the focal point of a focusing reflector, such as an elliptical or a parabolic reflector, will not uniformly illuminate a surface, the potential of the combination of a light source and a focusing reflector in providing uniform illumination on a surface was not recognized in the prior art.
The invention disclosed herein is based on the unexpected discovery that light rays emitted from a volume source at or near the focal point of a focusing reflector are reflected in pathways which combine in such a manner as to provide uniform illumination of a surface, and furthermore, that the illumination on the surface is highly uniform even when the source itself is non-uniform.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly one object of the invention to provide an optical system for uniformly illuminating a surface employing a non-uniform light source.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided an optical system for uniformly illuminating a surface comprising:
a focusing reflector for reflecting light rays; and
a volume light source having a spatially non-uniform emission of light from point to point throughout the volume of the source, said volume source being disposed in front of said focusing reflector at or near its focal point.
In one aspect of the invention, the source of light comprises an enclosed body of luminous gas, the horizon of which appears, relative to the center, brighter near the poles and dimmer near the equator, or conversely, dimmer near the poles and brighter near the equator when viewed from a position near the equatorial plane, wherein the poles are points on the surface of the source which are on the axis of the focusing reflector, the equator represents the points on the surface of said source in a plane through the geometrical center of the source and normal to the axis of said focusing reflector, and the horizon is a perimeter of the source viewed from any point outside the source.
In a further aspect of the invention, a collimating lens is provided to collimate light rays which are reflected from the focusing reflector to provide both uniform and telecentric illumination on the image plane. The collimating lens is disposed between the image plane and the light source in a plane parallel to the image plane and at a distance from the light source so that the limiting aperture of the focusing reflector is at or near the focal point of the collimating lens.
The uniformity of light illumination of the image plane achieved by the system described herein is unexpected in view of the well-known fact that a light source at the focal point of focusing reflectors such as elliptical and parabolic reflectors will not uniformly illuminate a surface.
The system described herein achieves a high degree of uniformity, yet the components are relatively simple. This system is especially useful in exposing photoresists in processes for making microcircuits.
The term "focusing reflector" as used herein refers to reflecting surfaces which define a surface of revolution, or an approximate surface of revolution, and include elliptical, parabolic, spherical, and other less mathematically defined reflectors. For example, focusing reflectors which are useful could be constructed by assembling a series of rings or flat segments around a common axis. An elliptical reflector would be theoretically the best; however, at ratios of the distance from the reflector to the image plane to the focal distance of the reflector greater than about 5 (i.e., for image ratios greater than 5:1) there is no practical difference between an elliptical and a parabolic reflector.
The term "telecentric" refers to a condition in which the angular distribution of rays is the same at all points on the image plane.
The term "limiting aperture" refers to the area encompassed by the perimeter of the focusing reflector, or any more limiting aperture which is in front of the focusing reflector.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of one prior art system for uniformly illuminating a surface using a non-uniform radiation source.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of another prior art system for uniformly illuminating a surface using a non-uniform radiation source.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a system of the present invention for uniformly illuminating a surface using a non-uniform light source.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic representations of side and front views, respectively, showing an arrangement of a light source and an elliptical reflector in accordance with the invention and illustrating pathways of light rays which strike the elliptical surface.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrammatic representations of side and front views, respectively, showing a light source and associated elliptical reflector in accordance with the invention which illustrate pathways of light rays which strike the reflector at points closer to the center than are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of a side view of a light source within a microwave cavity.
FIG. 8a is a diagrammatic representation of a front view of the light source of FIG. 8.
FIG. 8b is a graph showing the variation of light intensity for the light source of FIG. 8 as measured by a photometer viewing the source along line x--x of FIG. 8 from a direction perpendicular to the microwave electric field.
FIG. 8c is a graph showing the variation of light intensity for the light source of FIG. 8 as measured by a photometer viewing the source along a line parallel to the microwave electric field.
FIG. 8d is a graph showing the variation of light intensity for the light source of FIG. 8 as measured by a photometer viewing the source along line y--y of FIG. 8a.
FIGS. 9 through 14 illustrate the changes of intensity of light along a line lying in the image plane and passing through points A and B of FIG. 3.
FIG. 15 illustrates relative positions of poles, the equator and horizon and a view from a position near the equatorial plane.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
While this invention contemplates the use of other non-uniform sources of radiation, the system is particularly well adapted for use with an electrodeless light source, and the invention will be illustrated in detail by describing such a system. Electrodeless light sources are well known, and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,485,332. In general, a bulb containing a plasma-forming medium is disposed in a microwave cavity comprising a reflector and a mesh, and microwave energy is coupled to the cavity to excite the lamp.
In carrying out this invention, electromagnetically-coupled electrodeless lamps in which the light source is energized by electromagnetic waves in the range from radio frequency waves through microwaves may be used.
In the system as shown in FIG. 3, radiation source 30 is exemplified by a spherical fused quartz bulb filled with a plasma-forming medium which is excited by microwave energy which is coupled to microwave cavity 34. Cavity 34 is bounded on one side by screen 36 and on the other by elliptical reflector 32, the optical axis of which is z--z. Cylindrical body 35 which electrically connects the perimeter 33 of focusing reflector 32 with screen 36 has a non-reflecting conductive inner surface. Light rays emanating from bulb 30 are reflected from reflector 32 towards collimating lens 38 and impinge on image plane 40.
Point A is the point at which the optical axis of the system passes through image plane 40. Although light emanates principally from the surface of spherical source 30, rays can be traced from the center of source 30 to point A. In fact, any ray traced from the center of bulb 30 and striking reflector 32 can be traced to point A.
The analysis of rays reaching point B on image plane 40 is not as simple as will be shown by referring to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIGS. 4 and 5 show details of four rays which reach point B after reflecting from the extreme edge of reflector 32. As shown in FIG. 4, rays 1 and 3 emanate tangentially from the surface of source 30, as do rays 2 and 4 as shown in FIG. 5. These rays are representative of those which reach point B since all rays which are traced from the source 30 and which reach point B on image plane 40 emanate tangentially from the source. Furthermore, no rays which reflect from the extreme edge of reflector 32 strike the image plane 40 further from point A than is point B. Point B lies on a circle which is the boundary of that part of the image plane which is illuminated by the entire reflector 32 and that circle is the perimeter of that part of the image plane which is illuminated uniformly.
When the perimeter of the focusing reflector is a circle of a fixed diameter and location, a circle through point B in the image plane will be largest when the center of the light source is in the plane of the perimeter of the focusing reflector, and the reflector is designed to accommodate that position for the light source. The light source is ideally at or near the plane defining the perimeter of the reflector.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are analogous to FIGS. 4 and 5 and depict rays 5, 6, 7 and 8 which emanate from the surface of the source, strike the reflector 32 at points closer to its center than do the rays 1-4 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and which reach point B. Ray 9 shown in FIG. 6, which emanates tangentially from source 30, and which strikes reflector 32 at the same point as does ray 7, strikes the image plane at a point more distant from point A of FIG. 3 than point B and falls outside the useful area of illumination. Thus, the more central region of reflector 32 produces a larger image of the source on the image plane than does the outer part of reflector 32.
The microwave cavity of FIG. 3 is driven by microwaves to produce an oscillating electric field parallel to the axis of the cavity which is coincident with the optical axis of the system. The gas inside bulb 30 is excited by this field and emits light which has an intensity pattern as shown in FIGS. 8b, 8c and 8d.
FIG. 8b shows the intensity pattern as measured by a photometer which views the source from a direction perpendicular to the electric field depicted as lines e--e and scans the bulb in a direction perpendicular to the electric field as shown by line x--x of FIG. 8. The intensity pattern thus revealed results from the facts that the source is a hollow spherical shell of radiating gas and that the gas in the center of the source does not provide much radiation. The source appears more intense where the surface is viewed at an angle because of the apparent greater thickness of the surface layer.
FIG. 8c shows a somewhat different intensity pattern when the source is scanned in a direction parallel to the electric field along line e--e. This pattern results from the facts that the source is brighter where the field is parallel to the surface and the source is covered by a layer of relatively cold, somewhat absorbent gas in the region where the field is perpendicular to the surface.
FIG. 8d shows the result of scanning along a path through the center of the source along line y--y of FIG. 8a with the photometer viewing the source from a direction parallel to the electric field. The resulting intensity pattern is a logical result of the foregoing description of the source.
The source as described has the appearance of a sphere, the horizon of which appears, relative to the center, brighter near the equator and dimmer near the poles, wherein the poles are points of the source which are on the axis of the reflector and the equator is a great circle on the surface of the source in a plane normal to the axis of the reflector, and the horizon is a perimeter of the source viewed from any point outside the source.
If desired, the relative positions of brightness and dimness can be reversed by use of a circularly polarized microwave field with the electrical field perpendicular to the optical axis.
While the light source has been described as being spherical, light sources having other geometrical shapes may be used. For example, light sources in the shape of spheroids or oblate spheroids may be used. However, a departure from a substantially spherical or spheroidal shape provides no advantages.
FIGS. 9 through 14 illustrate the intensity of light along a line lying in the image plane and passing through points A and B of FIG. 3. FIG. 9 illustrates the contribution to the intensity of this line due to the light reflected by point 1, FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 10 illustrates the contribution of light due to point 3, FIGS. 4 and 5, and FIG. 11 illustrates the contribution due to points 2 and 4. These intensity patterns are the result of the intensity pattern of the source as described above. The sum of contributions of points 1, 2, 3 and 4 is a more or less uniform illumination of the line through points A and B.
FIG. 12 is based on point 5 of FIGS. 6 and 7.
FIG. 13 is based on point 7, and FIG. 14 is based on points 6 and 8. These points illuminate a greater length of the line through A and B.
The sum of the contribution of points 5, 6, 7 and 8 is a reasonably uniform illumination of the line for all points as close or closer to point A as is point B.
There are an infinite number of points on the reflector and, although only representative ones can be described, it can be seen that the elliptical reflector distributes the light from the source in such a way that the non-uniformities of the source tend to cancel, resulting in the uniformity of illumination. Because of the axial symmetry of the system, the uniformity of illumination along the line through A and B applies to all points on the image plane which are no more distant from A as is B.
FIG. 15 is presented to illustrate the positions of poles 44, 46, the equator 40 and the horizon 42 of volume light source 30 when viewed from position 50 which is near the equatorial plane.
As noted above, reflectors other than elliptical reflectors which will reflect light from the source onto an image plane in a similar manner sufficiently well to illuminate the image plane uniformly can be used. These reflectors include parabolic, spherical or other less mathematically well-defined surfaces.
While the image plane will be uniformly illuminated in the absence of a collimating lens, for some purposes it is important for all light rays striking the image plane to be telecentric, i.e., the angular distribution of rays at all points in the image plane are the same. The light rays can be made telecentric by inserting a collimating lens between the image plane and the light source at a distance from the light source so that the limiting aperture of the reflector is at or near the focal point of the collimating lens.
Having thus described the invention, the following Example is provided to illustrate it in more detail.
A system constructed in accordance with FIG. 3 has a microwave cavity bounded by a cylindrical wall 3.7 inches in diameter and 2 inches wide, a screen at one end of the cylinder and a parabolic reflector at the other end. The parabolic reflector has its focal point on the axis of the cylinder. The source is a bulb filled with mercury gas and is energized by microwaves having a power level of 1.5 KW to produce ultraviolet light at a wavelength of from 200 to 240 nanometers. A collimating lens having its axis coincident with the axis of the parabolic reflector is placed 24 inches from the focal point of the parabolic reflector. The focal point is at the plane defined by the perimeter of the focusing reflector. The illumination level on the image plane varies by no more than four percent over the useful area.
A parabolic reflector is used in the system described in this Example because of its ready availability, since the ratio of the distance from the reflector to the image plane to the distance from the focal point to the image plane is sufficiently great so that there is no practical difference between an elliptical and a parabolic reflector.


text:
Black Friday Offer:
John Mark Ainsley
£29.99John Mark Ainsley, Jacques Imbrailo and Philip Ens star in Michael Grandage's production from 2010 conducted by Mark Elder.
£29.99Glyndebourne Festival Opera's production from 2010 directed by Michael Grandage and conducted by Mark Elder.
£16.99A stellar ensemble of singers gathers at Amsterdam's De Nederlandse Opera for a haunting staging of the earliest masterpiece in operatic history.

domain: artistic


text: The United States Supreme Court upheld the authority of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to adopt a regulation that might indirectly affect the quantity or terms of retail electricity sales because the intended and direct impact was on wholesale electricity markets. The relevant rule was designed to encourage a practice called “demand-response” by which operators of wholesale markets pay electricity consumers not to use electricity at certain high peak times (click here to access FERC Rule 35.28(g)(1)(v)). By doing so, demand for electricity is theoretically reduced, and higher use of electricity that might degrade electricity grids (and potentially cause brown-outs or even blackouts) is avoided. Under applicable law, FERC has the authority to regulate “the sale of electric energy at wholesale in interstate commerce,” but leaves “any other sale of electric energy,” to the states’ exclusive oversight, including retail sales. A federal appeals court previously ruled that FERC infringed state authority when it adopted its demand-response rule. The FERC rule was challenged by the Electric Power Supply Association – a national trade association for power suppliers. In ruling for FERC, in a 6-2 decision authored by the Hon. Elena Kagan, the Court held that the agency’s wholesale demand-response rule directly affected wholesale price. There may be an impact on retail prices, said the Court, but that does not render such rules impermissible. According to the Court, “[i]t is a fact of economic life that the wholesale and retail markets in electricity, as in every other known product, are not hermetically sealed from each other. To the contrary, transactions that occur on the wholesale market have natural consequences at the retail level. And so too, of necessity will FERC’s regulation of those wholesale matters.” The dissenting opinion, written by the Hon. Antonin Scalia, noted that, under applicable law, wholesale energy sales are defined as “a sale of electric energy to any person for resale.” According to Judge Scalia, since demand-response participants consume electricity themselves rather than resell it, FERC’s rule encouraging demand-response is not aimed at electricity sales at wholesale and is thus unauthorized.

domain: law


Product and Application Overview
As a professional mineral wool manufacturer in China, NewTime Foundation Company has been devoted to the research and development of various applications of granular mineral wool for many years.
NewTime Foundation granulated mineral wool has the excellent properties of heat preservation, sound absorption and fire protection, with the temperature up to over 1000 degrees. It can be used in roofs, walls and floors under fire and heat insulation. The spray process is used Widely used in the construction of underground garages, curtain wall facades, a variety of roof structure for the roof for heat insulation; also used in public buildings and room equipment rooms and sound-absorbing noise reduction materials; can be used as a refractory material for steel structures , Tunnels, etc .; using adhesive for the bulkheads and decks of the ship, playing the role of thermal insulation and fire resistance, sound absorption and noise reduction, and obtained CCS certification from China Classification Society;
NewTime Foundation Granular mineral wool has not been widely used as a raw material for mineral wool sound-absorbing panels. The sound-absorbing panels produced by Shinku Foundation mineral wool have the advantages of sound absorption, fire prevention, heat insulation and anti-deformation.
NewTime Foundation mineral wool deep processing of fine mineral fiber products can replace asbestos, a brake pads and gaskets for high-quality raw materials, with high purity, good dispersion, high temperature, corrosion resistance, long diameter ratio stability and other excellent performance, Used in friction sealing products, can significantly improve the wear resistance of brake pads and gaskets, temperature performance, is a high-quality filler reinforcement materials, is a high-performance economic asbestos, glass wool and ceramic wool alternative Product
NewTime Foundation will continue to develop different functional mineral fibers. As mineral fibers are formed at a temperature of 1400 degrees, it is a high temperature resistant insulating material and is ideally suited for the production of various insulation panels for vehicles, generators , Mufflers and other insulation pads, but also can be used for agriculture is used to make soilless culture substrate, used in the paper industry instead of plant fiber, save a lot of wood, but also for coatings, rubber and so on.
NewTime Foundation has a strict internal quality management procedures, passed the ISO9000 quality system certification, through the analysis of raw materials testing, according to the needs of the deployment of raw materials to meet the needs of different clients to ensure the stability of the chemical composition, the new products when the base is not Contains no harmful elements of human health, does not contain asbestos, passed the non-asbestos SGS test and the EU REACH test, and biodegradable test. Its construction mineral fiber spraying wool belongs to China's well-known product brand and is widely recognized by spraying customers. Ship fire-resistant thermal insulation noise-reducing spraying also obtained CCS factory approval and fire-proof certification from China Classification Society. At present, the new foundation based on mineral fiber products sold to Europe, the Middle East, India, Japan and more than 10 countries.


text:
ABOARD THE PAPAL PLANE (Reuters) - Pope Francis on Sunday advised U.S. Catholics who feel they are torn between two imperfect candidates for president to study and pray before they vote and to make sure to follow their conscience.
During his traditional, freewheeling in-flight news conference with reporters on the plane returning from Azerbaijan, Francis was asked how he would counsel American faithful and what wisdom they should keep in mind.
“You have asked me a question that describes a difficult choice because, according to you, there are difficulties with one and difficulties with the other,” the pope said, without naming Democrat Hillary Clinton or Republican Donald Trump.
In posing the question, the reporter made allusions to Clinton’s support of abortion and Trump’s statements vilifying migrants and religious minorities.
“During political campaigns, I never say a word,” the pope said. “The people are sovereign. I would only say, study the proposals well, pray and choose with your conscience.”
But in the rest of his response, while stressing that he wanted to talk about a “fictional situation,” Francis appeared to be saying that the United States was among the countries that had become so politicized that it had effectively lost what he called a culture of politics.
“When in any country there are two, three or four candidates who don’t satisfy everyone, it means that perhaps the political life of that country has become too politicized and that it does not have much political culture,” he said.
“People say ‘I’m from this party’ or ‘I’m from that party,’ but effectively, they don’t have clear thoughts about the basics, about proposals,” he said.
Last February, while returning from Mexico, the pope was asked if U.S. Catholics could vote for someone with Trump’s views on immigration, particularly on the candidate’s promise to build a wall at the border with Mexico.
He said a person with such views was “not Christian.”
Trump struck back, calling the pope’s comments “disgraceful.”
Reporting by Philip Pullella; Editing by Lisa Von Ahn
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

domain: sociology


text:
3883 Rutherford Road, Vaughan, ON
View Store Hours
Slim fit short-sleeved shirt. Moderate cut–away soft collar with removable collar pins. Tailored slim fit, made with two darts on the back that allows the shirt to drape nicely against the body to prevent it from becoming boxy. Made of pure cotton from fine Italian fabric. This shirt comes in exotic flower print .

domain: design


A young man who robbed a convenience store because he wanted to live in custody for a few days after a big quarrel with his mother was tried by the Hongkou District People's Court yesterday.
Prosecutors said the 24-year-old suspect, surnamed Zhang, entered a Family Mart convenience store on Tongyan Road on November 26 last year, took money from a cashier and was stopped by a shop assistant. He then left the store and came back with a rod with which he smashed the cashier and fled with 707 yuan (US$114).
Zhang was caught by the shop assistant and other people on the same day, the court heard.
Zhang said he didn't know the robbery would result in a court trial. "I didn't rob for money. I just want to get locked up for a few days," Zhang told the court.
Zhang came from a well-off family. His stepfather told Shanghai Daily that Zhang quarreled with his mother the night before the robbery and left home after smashing a television set and a computer.
Bikini-clad models sparked a debate on racism
Young candidates for Acting Department of BFA
BFA releases list of re-examination
Alarming water pollution in China
Chilly run gets blood pumping
Photo story:Arriving in Beijing
China's 'leftover women' arouses debate in West
Top 10 fascinating natural phenomena in the world
Street propaganda on environmental protection
The court didn't give a verdict yesterday.


text:
Professor Sonia Kumar
- Position: Professor of Medical Education
- Areas of expertise: Community-engagement; inter-professional learning; inter-disciplinary learning; social accountability; diversity and inclusion; Health inequalities.
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
- Location: Worsley Building
- Website: Twitter | Researchgate | ORCID
I am a Professor of Medical Education and Associate Dean for Community-Engaged Learning at the University of Leeds. I have a keen interest and passion in community-engagement, and my role aims to support those across the Faculty of Medicine and Health and the wider University in connecting curricula and research with local community. I am also interested in inter-discplinary and inter-professional approaches in education, aligning education to future societal and workforce needs, with students gaining the critical skills needed for future employment during their degree programmes.
I studied Medicine at King’s College London, and have worked as a GP and educationalist for over 20 years. I gained a Masters degree from King’s (distinction) in 2004 and a Fellowship with the Royal College of General Practitioners in 2015. I worked in postgraduate medical education at the London Deanery for nearly 10 years and for the last 10 years worked as the Director of Undergraduate Primary Care Education at Imperial College London.
I am the founding Director of MEdIC (Medical Education Innovation and Research Centre) at Imperial, which focussed on societal impact and led the strategic direction of MEdIC’s five themes of work: Coaching in Education, Professional Identity, prepration for practice, Digital health and Educatiion and Diversity and Inclusion.
At Imperial College my team led a number of community facing projects, including the Community action project, Longitudunal integrated apprenticeships, Students in schools, Students as health coaches, the Global Creative Competition, WATCCH: widening access to community careers programme, the MEdIC summer Masterclasses series and the COVID-19 community volunteering scheme.
I have set up and led four national think tanks in education, attracted additional educational funding and won 19 internal and external awards for the team, including AdvanceHE’s CATE collaborative team award.
Over last 20 years I have worked with numerous national and international collaborators, NHSEI, HEE, been an external examiner for UCL and provided external consultancy including the FCDO in Mexico. I have published extensively in the field of education and been invited to talk to audiences across the UK and globally. I am also a Visiting Professor at Imperial College London.
I live in London with my husband and my two lively teenage girls.
- Associate Dean Community-Engaged Learning
I have an interest, passion and expertise in community-engaged education, using the potential of Universities to address local and global health inequalities, driving positive and sustainable societal change.
- HEA Fellowship
- MSc (Dist)
- MBBS, BSc
As Associate Dean my role spans both the FMH and the University of Leeds, connecting learning and teaching with the community.

domain: medical


We’ve been waiting MONTHS since Intel told us they were going to launch a version of Core i9 with 18 hardware cores and 36 threads, and now the time has come for us to strap down this piece of Uber Silicon and thrash it within an inch of its life.
The fact of the matter is that KitGuru wasn’t especially impressed by the 10-core Core i9-7900X but you need to cut us some slack. At the time of that particular review we knew AMD was going to deliver Ryzen Threadripper in 12- and 16-core versions and that Intel was going to deliver Core i9 in 12-, 14-, 16- and 18-core versions.
This meant the 10-core Core i9-7900X was a mere hor d’oeuvres that happened to be as hot as a charcoal briquette with the panache and élan of a charging rhinoceros. It delivered the goods but it was hardly subtle.
Heading into this review we have to wonder how 18 cores can be anything other than hot, power-hungry and blazing fast. To be frank we were apprehensive and just the teeniest bit afraid. This could potentially be the worst CPU since Intel dabbled with a Pentium 4 running beyond 3GHz.
Before we received the Core i9-7980XE we knew pretty much the entire specification, with one significant exception. Running on the Basin Falls X299 chipset, the CPU was listed with a base clock speed of 2.6GHz and a maximum speed of 4.2GHz as well as an increased TDP of 165W. That figure is only 25W higher than the Core i9-7900X, which suggested that Intel was putting an emphasis on core count rather than clock speed.
Other parts of the specification such as support for DDR4-2666MHz memory and 44 lanes of PCI Express remained unchanged from the 10-core model, as did the cache-per-core at 1.375MB, which meant the total increased from 13.75MB to 24.75MB.
The figure that was missing was the all-core Turbo speed which turned out to be 3.4GHz, and we have to confess this was higher than we expected. Furthermore the maximum speed of 4.2GHz was revealed as the Turbo Boost 2.0 figure, which meant that with Turbo Boost 3.0 you could see two cores run as high as 4.4GHz, provided you had adequate cooling.
As we explain in our video this was our first taste of Intel HCC (High Core Count) silicon so we were in the world of the unknown. The Core i9-7900X uses LCC (Low Core Count which is arranged in a block of 3×4. Subtract two blocks for memory controllers and you have a maximum of ten cores.
HCC silicon uses a block of 4×5, again with two memory controllers, leaving up to 18 CPU cores, which is how we arrive at Core i9-7980XE. We can only speculate what Intel might achieve with XCC (Xtreme Core Count) which is 5×6 and allows up to 28 CPU cores as seen in some particularly expensive Xeons.
Be sure to check out our sponsors store EKWB here


text:
6 drawings, 1 table, 1 graph
Text language: English
The series Africans write back has made it its task to publish texts of indigenous ethnographers, following the tradition of Montesquieus’ “Lettres persanes“, and Michel Leiris’ appeal to African ethnographers and historians to oppose the descriptions of their cultures out of a foreign, western perspective against an inner view, i.e. ‘to write back’.
The present work constitutes a description of L.T. Rubongoya’s own version of his culture and of the Kingdom of Tooro. During twenty years the author collected the results of personal conversations with a group of traditionally conscious compatriots who are interested in their language and history, carrying on on his literary research concerning this subject. Therefore, this study offers a deep insight into a complex and collectively shared knowledge within the areas of traditional healing methods, witchcraft, divination, initiation, sacral kingdom, and ancestor worship.
Paying attention to the background of Christian fundamentalist movements in Uganda, which increasingly “satanize” the traditional African religions, Rubongoya presents an alternative draft that relieves this tradition from any ‘primitiveness’ and that tries to bring it into harmony with Christian doctrine, especially with the Old Testament.

domain: library


Dave Stewart's Fishing Report
Written by Dave Stewart | Originally published 07/23/2009
Kentucky Lake: Water Level at Ky Dam - 358.36 Surface Temperature - 80 Lake Barkley: Water Level at Barkley Dam - 358.25 Surface Temperature - 80 Both lakes are nearing one foot below summer pool. The cold front that passed through the lakes area last weekend combined with another cold front that moved through the area on Tuesday cooled the water temperatures by 4-5 degrees. We are now have water temperatures that are about 6 degrees cooler than normal for this time of year. The Largemouth Bass bite on the ledges slowed somewhat this week with the frontal passages but some good fish are still being taken, just not as many. As mentioned in last week's report, the better ledge bite has been in late morning and during the afternoon/evening hours when current is present. The ledge bite continues to be somewhat slow in the morning hours. The cooler water temperatures though has seemed to increase the bite on secondary points and associate creek channel banks in the creeks and bays where Largemouth are feeding on schools of shad fry. Most of the fish being taken on this pattern are smaller fish but some good one and two fish catches have been reported, especially early and late in the day. The weather forecast for the coming weekend is for a chance of isolated thunderstorms on Saturday with southwest winds around 15-17 mph. Sundays forecast indicates lighter west winds and a chance of isolated thunderstorms. Boaters venturing on the lakes this weekend, especially on Saturday should keep and eye on the sky for approaching storms and be prepared to seek safe shelter. Largemouth Bass: Largemouth Bass are being taken on the old river and creek channel ledges on the main lakes and around the mouths of the deeper creeks and bays. These fish are being taken on Carolina rigged creature baits, Texas rigged large worms, large shaky head worms, finesse shaky head worms, jigs and spoons. Largemouth are also being taken on secondary points and associated creek channel banks in the creeks and bays, especially around rocky banks and points. These fish are feeding on schools of shad fry and are being taken on topwater lures, crankbaits, spinnerbaits, chatterbaits and small suspending jerkbaits. Smallmouth Bass: Smallmouth Bass are being taken on the old river and creek channel ledges on the main lake on Carolina rigged creature baits and jigs. Smallmouth are also being taken early and late in the day on primary points and main lake secondary points on crankbaits, tube jigs and finesse jigs. The better Smallmouth bite is being reported at night on the east side of Ky Lake by fishing primary points and rocky banks with large dark colored spinnerbaits and tube jigs. Some of the productive lures reported this week are: Chatterbuzz buzzbaits in white, Rebel Pop R in black/chrome and white, Lucky Craft 78 pointers in aurora black and chartreuse shad, bandit crankbaits in specked back and grape, Hook Some Bass spinnerbaits and vibe (chatterbait) in blue glimmer, Charmer timber pups in green pumpkin and watermelon/purple, Charmer 10.5 inch worms in plum, Xcite maximus shaky head worms in plum, Jewel football head jigs in gourd/craw and Missouri craw with baby paca craw trailer in green pumpkin, Last Cast wooly bug finesse jigs in Missouri craw and peanut butter jelly and Strike King sexy spoons in silver. White Bass: White Bass are being taken on the old river and creek channel ledges by vertically fishing inline spinners, small spoons and tightlining minnows as well as by trolling deep diving crankbaits with hooks removed and a leader off the back of the lure onto which inline spinners and curly tail jigs are tied. Catfish: Catfish are being taken on the old river channel ledges on bottom rigs baited with yellowtail, shrimp and cutbaits. The better bite is during periods of current. Some Catfish are also being taken on the flats on the main lake with jugs baited with shrimp and minnows. Bluegill: Bluegill are being taken around deeper docks with wood cover, especially under lights at night by fishing with crickets and worms under bobbers.
More Kentucky Lake Fishing Reports
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The perfect place to start looking for a place to stay at Kentucky or Barkley Lakes? Right here on our main lodging page.


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With Acetone Vapor Treatment
This 3D printed cellular cocoon vase was printed in ABS at 0.15mm layer height. I kept the print speed pretty slow due to all of the details and overhangs, so this took about 24 hours to print.
After printing, I treated the whole thing in an acetone vapor bath (using a large deep fryer and a version of the method outlined by Austin Wilson and Neil Underwood here.)
A time-lapse video of the print can be found here.
The model can be found here. Model credit: Dizingof (aka Asher Nahmias)
More 3D Universe blog posts:
My post on how 3D printed architectural design brings an idea to life can be found HERE…
Check out my post on the Opportunities for 3D Printing in K-12 Education HERE…
Awesome quality !


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Fall for DIY's vegan dessert recipe recreates a healthy alternative to frosted doughnut treats. Satisfying one's sweet tooth can be a difficult feat, especially when adhering to strict diet rules. While traditional doughnuts call for a blend of milk and egg ingredients, this vegan dessert recipe ditches the dairy in exchange for water and vegetable oil.
When mixed with flour, salt, sugar and yeast, these ingredients are the foundation to the perfect, vegan doughnut. Once baked, it's time for everyone's favorite, a sugrary helping of icing.
In this case, Fall for DIY's vegan dessert recipe shows foodies how to create vegan icing using a blend of almond milk, icing sugar, vanilla essence, food colouring and sprinkles. The ingredients are blended to create gorgeous treats that end up looking almost too pretty to eat.
Vegan Frosted Doughnuts
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Galactic Donut Designs
Adorable Animal Donuts (UPDATE)
Valentines Marketing Hits Food (Part IV)
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VETENSKAP och ANDLIGHET Dr. Anthony D. Cicoria: The Story of One Man's Profound Near Death Experience Del 1
Thoughtful viewers，welcome to Science and Spirituality for the first in a two-part series examining near death experiences or NDEs， which occur when a person comes close to physical death and has an experience such as a sense of detachment from the body accompanied by the vision of a bright light or tunnel. Subjects may also undergo what’s known as a 『panoramic life review』or flashback of past life events.
Even though the subjects’hearts and brains may completely cease to function during the incident，they can still recall everything that occurred. Today we’ll speak with Dr. Anthony D. Cicoria，who after his own
near death experience discovered a passion for playing the piano and subsequently uncovered a talent not only to play but also to compose beautiful music.
In ２００８ he released a ＣＤ of his musical works entitled 『Notes from An Accidental Pianist & Composer.』Dr. Cicoria is chief of the medical staff and of orthopedics at Chenango Memorial Hospital，Norwich， New York， USA and Clinical Assistant Professor of Orthopedics at State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse， New York， USA. Dr. Cicoria holds a bachelor’s degree in biology from the Citadel，South Carolina， USA a Ph.D. in physiology and cellular biophysics from the Medical University of South Carolina， USA and an MD from the same school.
Now let’s hear from Dr. Cicoria about an utterly life-transforming event that occurred in １９９４ near Albany，New York， USA while using a public phone during an outdoor family gathering.


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Tubi TV, a account that streams bags of movies chargeless with ads, will be allotment of Comcast’s X1.
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Comcast’s latest approach is one that’s never been on cable before: Tubi TV, one of the best accepted chargeless movie-streaming services.
Comcast is incorporating Tubi into X1, the cable giant’s internet-inclusive platform. The affiliation agency Tubi’s library of movies and added programming will be accessible and searchable on Comcast X1 like a approved approach or show, the two companies said. Rollout begins Thursday, and Tubi will be accessible to all X1 users in advancing days.
Tubi has 8,500 titles, mostly movies, that anyone can watch chargeless with announcement breaks. As Netflix has transitioned abroad from licensing a abysmal archive of movies in favor of its own originals, Tubi has stepped into that exhaustion — but with an ad-based account rather than one acute a subscription.
“You can’t get best of these titles on your approved on-demand services,” Tubi CEO Farhad Massoudi said in an interview. The Comcast affiliation will put the its archive “in advanced of millions of eyeballs that contrarily wouldn’t accept admission to these films.”
The move comes afterwards Comcast opened its accoutrements to Netflix, YouTube and Amazon Prime Video in the aftermost two years, a accomplishment afterwards years of astriction amid acceptable pay-TV companies and digitally delivered upstarts. Netflix and YouTube, as the two better online video companies of their kind, accept continued been affiche accouchement for cord-cutting, the trend of bodies alienation pay-TV such as Comcast for agenda alternatives.
But those integrations accept been with casework run by the better tech companies in the world. Comcast abacus Tubi widens the arena acreage for a smaller, accepted startup. Tubi doesn’t allotment its alive user figures, but it is commonly one of the top-ranked apps for its class on alive platforms like Roku and Amazon Fire TV.
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Industry 4.0 refers to a new phase in the Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily on interconnectivity, automation, machine learning and real-time data.
Open Platform Communications United Architecture is a data exchange standard for machine-to-machine or PC-to-machine communication.
The Industrial IoT refers to interconnected sensors, instruments and other devices networked together with computers’ industrial applications.
OFS is the specific modular solution for each production sector; we base the implementation of OFS on the RAMI 4.0 architecture guidelines of the “Industrie 4.0” association to give our coustomers an opportunity for technological upgrading that allows to have all the production just a click away.
Software and equipment for a 360° management of the bakery industry, starting from the ingredients warehouse, weighing and traceability to label printing and logistics management of finished products.
OFS sends the recipes to the production machines and stores the return data associating the received information to the batch.
OFS, through its OriControl HMI stations, creates a digital twin of the production process.
OriControl HMI software tracks all batches on the production line, from dosing to packaging, via RFID and Barcode.


Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who stepped down as captain of India’s ODI and T20 teams, was not only the leader but also was the savior for his successor, Virat Kohli, through his tough times. Virat Kohli who revealed that the charming skipper had saved Delhi batsman dismiss from the Indian team many times. The new Indian Captain Virat Kohli told in the recent interview on Saturday.
Kohli has played his debut ODI international game against Sri Lanka back in 2008 under the captaincy of MS Dhoni. In his initial days, Virat did not do good both in ODIs and Tests, and he was not consistent in his game. His place in the team was not secure but the cool captain MS Dhoni had faith in him and his talents and even believed in Virat.
India’s new Captain Virat Kohli gave a beautiful tribute in all formats to the cool captain MS Dhoni on ‘bcci.tv.’ Virat says that Dhoni will always be the person who has guided me in my initial days and has given me a lot of opportunities. He further says that Dhoni has given him ample of time and space to grow as a cricketer and has saved him whenever he was dropped out of the India team.
Virat Kohli has made it clear that replacing Dhoni as a captain is a great task. And yes Virat Kohli has big shoes to fill in with success as the standard bar of India has reached a great height by the captain cool MS Dhoni. Kohli says that the first word that comes to your mind when you think of MS Dhoni is captain. He further says that Dhoni will always be my captain.
In this video, Virat talks about the legacy of MS Dhoni and his contribution to making Virat a cricketer. And a number of players grow under his captainship.
Virat Kohli’s has assigned a new assignment which starts with the six-match limited overs series against England starting in Pune on January 15.


Blake Lively is embracing the grocery girl aesthetic. Over the weekend Lively shared a selfie on Instagram sporting her take on picnic table fashion with a blue gingham dress and a colourful pearl necklace featuring a strawberry pendant. She paid homage to another summer trend—strawberry girl makeup—by adding music to the post: Deana Carter’s nostalgic country ballad “Strawberry Wine. ”
This season clothing brands, influencers, and celebrities like Blake Lively have been drawing on the abundance of the farmers market for inspiration.
Watermelon purses, tapas tanks, and Aperol-spritz dresses represent some of the most coveted styles. Meanwhile, adjacent aesthetics like tomato girl and lemon girl have all but taken over TikTok.
Last month, while grabbing lunch in Paris with husband Ryan Reynolds, Lively demonstrated summer layering done right in a floral-print maxi button-down shirtdress. Over the dress the Gossip Girl star wore a light camel duster sweater. And on top of that she wore a navy blue overcoat with vertical white stripes. Lively finished the look with a pair of sneakers, striped tube socks, and a hot pink crossbody bag.
The actor, who famously styles herself rather than working with a professional as so many celebrities do, proves time and time again that she can have everything—grocery girl, strawberry girl, and picnic table girl—all at once.


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Global Fund auditors trail Aids cash
By Elizabeth Mwai
Top Global Fund auditors are in the country to inspect the utilisation of over Sh30 billion grant meant for fighting HIV/Aids, malaria and tuberculosis.
The team of six will visit government agencies and NGOs over use of the monies since 2002.
Care Kenya Country Director Stephen Vaughan has written to NGOs asking them to prepare for the six weeklong audit. The organisation is a recipient of the monies for civil societies.
"The purpose of this letter is to request your organisation to undertake the necessary preparations for this audit and to cooperate with the auditors during the period of the audit," said Vaughan.
The audit will cover the operations of the Country Co-ordinating Mechanism (CCM), the Local Fund Agent, the Principle and Sub Recipients.
The auditors will visit the National Aids Control Council, Health and Medical Services ministries, Global Fund Secretariat and NGOs.
According to sources the exercise has been prompted by claims of corruption over use of the billions of shillings granted in various rounds.
But the letter by Care boss says the Global Fund Office of Inspector General (OIG) objective is to assess the efficiency and effectiveness in the management and operation of grants.
NGOs will be required to have documentation of approved budget, work plans and monitoring and evaluation as well as procurement plans.
They will be asked to provide their fixed asset register, procedures and policies manual for grant management, payroll and personal files of their staff.
The inspectors will scrutinise a schedule of all advances made showing name, purpose, dates of issue, amounts accounted and unaccounted for.
Kenya had to return some monies for round two after the time for utilisation expired.
Utilisation of round two was characterised by claims of mismanagement making the Global Fund to ask Kenya to reform its structures in disbursing the monies.
Consequently Kenya has lost round eight and nine due to inconsistencies in the proposals submitted.
Round seven faced slow rate of disbursement especially from the civil societies.
Last month, the team visited Zambia and terminated programmes over alleged corruption.
All the programmes were given to UNDP.
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- You can now buy and sell NSE shares on the same day
- Phew! Curfew is over but this is why I’ll not drink to it
By XN Iraki
- Ray of hope for firms, households as economic gloom starts to lift

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Rediscovered Da Vinci Painting Is Being Sold For $100 Million
A long lost painting has been found after years of it being missing. It is actually a painting done by one of the greatest painters of all time, Leonardo da Vinci. The Salvator Mundi or the Savior of the World was said to be pained by da Vinci around the same time he painted the most famous painting in the world, The Mona Lisa. Believe it or not, this said painting was actually sold for $60 in 1958 because no one really knew of checked at that time if this is actually worth more than that. It turns out that it is actually a classic painting from one of the greats, that is why it will no be put up for auction for $100 million.
DA VINCI’S WORKS
Leonardo da Vinci has got to be one of the most celebrated painters in the world from the Italian Renaissance. He is known for his paintings such as the very famous, Mona Lisa, which is known to be the most famous -and valuable- painting in history, most parodied work of art, most written about, and most sung about painting. It even holds a Guinness World Record, as its insurance valuation is the highest known in the history of the world with one hundred million dollars. It is a half-length portrait painting of Lisa Gherardini. The Mona Lisa found its home at the Louvre Museum in Paris because the painting was bought by the French King Francis the 1st.
Da Vinci was also known for painting the Last Supper, which is actually a mural win about that can be found in the convent of Santa Maria dells Grazie in Milan, Italy. This mural was painted on a really thin exterior wall, which makes it incredibly difficult to maintain because of the effects of humidity, it even started to flake and deteriorate a few years after it was painted. It took 21 years to actually restore this masterpiece.
The Vitruvian Man was also made by Da Vinci, but it is actually just a drawing that contains notes based on the work of Vitruvius. It actually depicts a man in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and it is inscribed both circle and square.
Most people know a lot about Da Vinci’s other works, but there are actually a lot of paintings out there that have either been destroyed or are not acknowledged. The Salvator Mundi is one of those paintings that has only been recently considered as a work of the great Da Vinci himself. It is a painting of Christ wearing a Renaissance dress and is also giving a benediction with his raised right hand that also shows how his fingers are crossed whilst his left hand hold a crystal sphere.
According to historians, it was made for Louis XII of France between the years of 1506 and 1503. This painting owned by Charles I of England that was part of his art collection in the year 1649. Unfortunately, it was auctioned by his son in 1763 and the painting was never seen again until the 1900’s where it was purchased by Francis Cook, who is the 1st Viscount of Monserrate.
The painting has been restored pretty badly a couple of times over the years which is why it was even sold in an auction for $60. It reappeared in 2005 it was presented to another auction but this time, it was carefully examined which is how they actually managed to find out that it was indeed a masterpiece of Da Vinci.
$100 MILLION FOR AUCTION
This 500-year old painting will be put up for auction this coming November 2017. The auction house, Christie’s, said that they are expecting to get more than $100 million for this Da Vinci classic, they also said that the previous owner of this painting refuses to reveal his or her true identity.
— HISTORY (@HISTORY) October 15, 2017
There are only 15 Da Vinci artworks that exist up to this day, and they consider this one to be the “Holy Grail of art rediscoveries” because of how much it had been through for the last hundreds of years. Before it will be up for auction, the Salvator Mundi will be shown first in San Francisco, Hong Kong, and London, before it comes back to New York in November.
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If you have been watching the news for the past couple of days, then you must have heard the name ‘Cassini’...October 22, 2022


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Bipolar Disorder. Manic Depression. These are terms often responsible for causing fear in those not afflicted, and panic in those diagnosed.Do you or someone you love suffer from manic depression? Has bipolar disorder affected the way you or one you know live life, as well as your outlook on life?If you are among the millions of people that suffer daily from the euphoric highs and depressive lows that come with this confusing disorder known as bipolar, you have come to the right place! It is also worth noting that, should signs of bipolar symptoms begin to reveal themselves, treatment is available!That is why we have provided a powerful eBook titled Living With Bipolar Disorder: A Patient's Guide to Living With Manic Depression. It contains all the information necessary to properly diagnose and then treat this disorder. Within the pages of this one stop informative resource, you will discover what you need to do to get free from your affliction.According To The National Institutes Of Mental Health, More Than 5.7% American Adults May Suffer From Bipolar Disorder Each Year…That is almost 3% of the population. Even more disturbing than this is that most people are not diagnosed until they are adults.In fact, most of the time bipolar disorder will not manifest until after age 25, according to the NIMH.Many people diagnosed with this disorder instantly panic at the idea of having a lifelong disease. However, bipolar disorder or manic depression is not really a disease.Bipolar is actually a mental disorder resulting from a complex array of symptoms, including physical, physiological and emotional symptoms, which may include:• Anxiety• Depression• Paranoia• Euphoria• Excessive spending• Suicidal tendencies• Reckless behavior• Feelings of worthlessness• Exaggerated sense of wellness or grandiosity• Loss of touch with reality• Overwhelming confusion These are but a few of the confusing and often interchangeable symptoms of bipolar disorder.Many patients suffer in silence, not realizing their symptoms and behaviors are treatable and manageable. Others suffer in silence for fear of what others may think if they are made aware of their disorder.Many patients with bipolar disorder feel like they have lost the ability to confide in those who surround and support them.People with bipolar disorder may lose touch with reality, and panic when they feel they don’t have control or someone they can rely on to help them gain stability.In this revealing and helpful guide Living With Bipolar Disorder: A Patient's Guide to Living With Manic Depression, you will learn:• How to distinguish between classic forms of this condition and alternate forms of bipolar disorder so you can best address your symptoms.• How to distinguish symptoms of a mood episode from your true self, so you can take action to resolve mood episodes quickly before they become overwhelming.• How to overcome the stigma attached to the term mental illness, so you can go on to live a rewarding, rich life that is stigma free.• How to find a competent physician to ensure a proper diagnosis, so you get the right type of treatment from day one.• What an action plan is and how to create one, so you can use one to take charge of your healthcare and your life.• 7 steps that will help you create an action plan for success, so you can start living a life that is comfortable and rewarding.• Step-by-Step plan for conquering mood swings before they start, so you can live life without having to endure the serious ups and downs that often come with severe episodes of mania and depression.• Discover little known support resources readily available to you to help you overcome depression and anxiety often associated with this undermining disorder. Bipolar is a disorder that affects millions, but one that you can take charge of, one you can learn to control…The time has come for you to stop coping and start learning how to take charge of your life and live a happy, healthy and rewarding life, no matter your diagnosis. Pick up your copy of Living With Bipolar Disorder: A Patient's Guide to Living With Manic Depression today and begin your personal journey of healing and being set free from this crippling disorder for life!
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Tesla to Shut down California and New York Factories Amid Coronavirus Pandemic
Tesla will temporarily shut down its car manufacturing plant in Fremont, California, starting at the end of Monday, March 23rd, joining nearly every other major automaker in suspending its US operations due to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic. The announcement comes after days of back-and-forth with the local authorities about whether the company was exempt from a recent shelter-in-place order in the San Francisco Bay Area. Tesla will also suspend most operations at its solar panel factory in Buffalo, New York.
“Despite taking all known health precautions, continued operations in certain locations have caused challenges for our employees, their families, and our suppliers,” the company wrote in a press release. “As such, we have decided to temporarily suspend production” at both factories.
According to an email from the company’s regional HR boss Valerie Workman, Hourly employees at both factories will “continue to receive their normal pay through Monday, after which point we will provide paid leave during suspended operations. Those who have been working from home should continue to do so and consider it business as usual. We understand you will have many questions and we will be providing you with additional resources in the coming hours and days.”
Tesla says it will keep some “basic operations” up and running, like work on its charging infrastructure. The company’s Gigafactory in Nevada will continue as normal, despite a recent initiative from the state’s governor asking all nonessential businesses to close. Tesla will keep making vehicle deliveries during the shutdown. The company says it is leveraging its app and its cars’ smartphone connectivity to implement touchless deliveries in many locations to help mitigate any spread of the virus.

domain: economics


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Bookseller Barnes & Noble Inc. appears to have bowed to shareholder pressure and is changing its shareholder rights plan to limit further stakes by Chairman Leonard Riggio and his family, the company said Wednesday.
Shareholders are set to vote on the so-called "poison pill" plan, which limits stakes to 20%, on Nov. 17.
The plan was implemented after billionaire activist investor Ron Burkle acquired a 19% stake in the company.
He has complained the plan gives an unfair advantage to Chairman Leonard Riggio, who has a nearly 30% stake in the company, and his brother, Vice Chairman Steven Riggio. Mr. Burkle waged and lost a proxy battle about the issue.
Under the amended plan, the board will not be able to make any additional equity grants to either Riggio, their immediate family members and related trusts without triggering the plan.
Also, if the Riggios and their family members acquire additional shares by exercising options, they must dispose of the option shares within 60 days after they are acquired. They also won't be able to use the shares to influence any shareholder vote.
Last week Leonard Riggio said he wouldn't form a group of investors to buy the company without consent of a special committee formed to evaluate offers.
Barnes & Noble Inc. put itself up for sale in August in response to pressure from billionaire activist investor Ron Burkle. Leonard Riggio has said previously he was considering joining an investor group to buy the company.


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Bangladesh did not get a big score to turn around in the ODI series against Pakistan. Nigar Sultana Jyoti’s team could not score more than 169 runs for 9 wickets despite batting the entire 50 overs. The hosts will have to rely on a good performance from the bowlers to level the three-match series.
Bangladesh’s innings was a slow batting display as they won the toss and went into bat in the second ODI of the series at the Mirpur Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium on Tuesday. The team lost the first wicket by 21 runs. Murshida Khatun fell into the stumping trap by scoring 12 runs off Sadia Iqbal. Sobhana Mostari could not increase the innings. Spinner Nashra Sandhu scored 16 runs before being trapped leg before.
Opener Farzana Haque added 49 runs with skipper Nigar Sultana Jyoti in the third wicket pair. After playing a slow innings, Farzana, who scored 40 runs in 3 fours from 88 balls, got cut in the run out and broke the pair when she returned to the dressing room. Fahima Khatun, who scored 16 runs, returned lbw to Diana Beg. Team Tigress then scored 119 runs in 38.1 overs.
Jyoti scored a slow batting fifty but the late batsmen failed to form a partnership with him. Due to regular fall of wickets, Red-Green Dil did not get big capital. In the last over, the Tigers skipper played an innings of 54 runs off 3 fours off 104 balls before being stumped.
Sadia and Sandhu took two wickets each for Pakistan. Diana, Nida Dar and Umm-e-Hani took one wicket each.
Despite winning the T20 series against Pakistan, Bangladesh girls stumbled in the first match of the ODI series. The visitors were bowled out for just 81 runs by the spin whirlwind of the visitors. Pakistan easily reached the target of 82 runs, winning by 5 wickets.

domain: sports


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Thousands of people demanded the resignation of Bosnian Serb Interior Minister Dragan Lukac on Sunday, accusing him and police officials of covering up the murder of a 21-year-old student.
For the nine months since David Dragicevic was found dead in March in a creek in the town of Banja Luka, after being missing for six days, his father Davor has held a daily protest in the town square to demand the truth.
His quest has now morphed into a larger movement of citizens fed up with corruption and with what they say is Bosnia's poor rule of law. Smaller-scale protests in solidarity with the grieving father took place in Croatia and Serbia last week.
The police first said David had committed suicide but later said it was a possibility that he was killed. No evidence of murder had been found by the prosecution team handling the case.
It is not immediately clear why campaigners suspect police involvement, or if the student had been known to officers, but they point to the length of time without any resolution to the investigation as reason for suspicion.
"If some ordinary guy killed my child, he would have been arrested long time ago. It has to be someone very powerful," Suzana Radanovic, David's mother, said.
The protesters, who gathered around a heart-shaped shrine which was raised again in the square on Sunday after it was cleared by police, chanted "Resignation", "Lukac the killer", "Justice for David".
Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik said on Sunday that Dragicevic's demands could not be met because there was no evidence of police involvement in the murder. He also said the protests were manipulated by opposition politicians.
"The street will not model political decisions in Republika Srpska," Dodik said during his annual news conference, referring to Bosnia's autonomous Serb-dominated region.
Some opposition politicians have been joining protests but have stressed that they were coming as citizens, not politicians. Several of them, including a regional parliament deputy, were briefly detained last week during a scuffle with police who detained Dragicevic over alleged threats to Lukac.
Police searched Dragicevic's house for weapons and released him after they found no evidence. Lukac said any future unregistered protests would be prevented.
The European Union delegation and the office of Bosnia's international peace overseer expressed concerns about his arrest and urged all sides to refrain from violence.
A solidarity protest was also held in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo on Sunday, where another father is demanding the truth about what he says is his son's murder.


Mayor Presents 2012 Evergreen Awards to Recipients
The Mayor of St. Louis Park presented the 2012 Evergreen Awards to the following recipients at the City Council meeting on September 24, 2012:
- 4038 Quentin – Randall Olson (Minikahda-Vista Neighborhood)
- 4151 Ottawa – James & Barbara Jacobs (Minikahda-Vista Neighborhood)
- 3804 Rhode Island – Adrienne Fleming; Stephanie and Ron Byland (South Oak Hill Neighborhood)
The Evergreen Award is presented each year in recognition of properties that are uniquely designed, landscaped and well maintained with an emphasis on landscaping that is visible to the passerby. Businesses, apartments and houses are all eligible to receive the award.
The judges selecting the Evergreen Award recipients are comprised of Parks and Recreation Advisory Commission members, past Evergreen Award winners, volunteers and staff who have a keen interest in flowers, plants, landscaping and landscape design. There were five judges inspecting this year’s nominations.
There were five nominations this year throughout the City. Winners are presented with an award certificate, a Dwarf Alberta Spruce tree and “Evergreen Award Winner” signs posted in their boulevard for two weeks. Jim Vaughan, Environmental Coordinator, was at the City Council meeting to present the awards to the three winners.


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Located at the heart of Puerto Rico, a trip to Caguas means forgoing immediate access to the beach in favor of quick trips into the Central Mountain Range. The town is set in a valley surrounded by verdant rolling hills and plenty of green space to explore from parks and botanical gardens to hidden waterfalls.
Although most travelers are drawn by the region's beaches, that isn't the only way to experience the area's natural beauty. One such example is La Coca Falls. It is located 12.1 mi. East-Northeast of central Caguas.
This tremendous waterfall is one of the many wonders located in El Yunque National Park, though luckily, is not too far into the forest. Offering breathtaking views, this waterfall also allows visitors to climb up close to it and really feel the thundering force.

Vacationers can also visit one of the many parks, or a botanical garden in and around Caguas.
If you enjoy tropical vegetation, you might want to visit Caguas Botanical Garden, which is located in Caguas. The botanical garden in Caguas exhibits some of the natural floral life in Puerto Rico, as well as some art work and presentations on the farming history of the island. This is a nice attraction for anyone looking for a relaxing walk while learning a little more about the island.
The parks and gardens worth looking into are shown in the chart below.
|Park||11.1 mi. South of Central Caguas|
|Park||Hato Rey, 12.8 mi. North of Central Caguas|
|Caguas Botanical Garden||Botanical Garden||2.0 mi. West-Northwest of Central Caguas|
|Park||Guaynabo, 11.2 mi. North-Northwest of Central Caguas|
|Park||Juncos, 7.1 mi. East of Central Caguas|
|Park||Gurabo, 4.3 mi. East-Northeast of Central Caguas|
|Park||Juncos, 6.9 mi. East of Central Caguas|
|Park||Cidra, 9.0 mi. West-Southwest of Central Caguas|
|Park||Aguas Buenas, 5.1 mi. West-Northwest of Central Caguas|
Keep in mind that you can find plenty of other types of attractions. If you want to obtain more information about other attractions by clicking on this link.
Help us improve! We welcome your corrections and suggestions.

domain: travel


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Год издания: 2007
Издатель: Random House Trade Paperbacks
Количество страниц: 336
В продаже с 18.01.2012
Как только книга The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell станет доступна для заказа в одном из интернет-магазинов, Вам на e-mail будет отправлено уведомление.Укажите e-mail для связи:
Award-winning author Mark Kurlansky tells the remarkable story of New York by following the trajectory of one of its most fascinating inhabitants-the oyster. For centuries New York was famous for this particular shellfish, which until the early 1900s played such a dominant a role in the city's life that the abundant bivalves were Gotham's most celebrated export, a staple food for all classes, and a natural filtration system for the city's congested waterways. Filled with cultural, historical, and culinary insight-along with historic recipes, maps, drawings, and photos-this dynamic narrative sweeps readers from the seventeenth-century founding of New York to the death of its oyster beds and the rise of America's environmentalist movement, from the oyster cellars of the rough-and-tumble Five Points slums to Manhattan's Gilded Age dining chambers. With The Big Oyster, Mark Kurlansky serves up history at its most engrossing, entertaining, and delicious.

domain: geography


Is there a way to turn off the ABS? The sensor keeps going off and the ABS wants to kick in every once in a while. Lexus Service Ctr is telling me the ABS Accuator needs replaced. That'll only cost me $3000.
Tuesday, October 30th, 2012 AT 1:20 PM


Charities Can Flourish By Putting Sustainability At The Heart Of Their Work
Overstretched managers may feel that the question “Would you mind awfully helping solve the climate crisis?” is insensitive or even detached from reality; but maybe, instead of being another burden, sustainability can help charities achieve their goals.
The climate crisis is already hitting the most vulnerable – such as those struggling to pay fuel bills, and older people at greater risk from extreme weather. By threatening our health, wellbeing and resilience, climate change has the potential to undo all the proud achievements of the UK’s third sector, but charities of every size can take steps to become more sustainable today – particularly by making climate action a feature of their programmes.
In this article, Harriet Lamb, CEO at Ashden, explains how charity leaders can make sustainability a priority in their organisation.


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Perfect for an intimate ceremony, this 600-square-foot terrace offers expansive views of the Vail Valley and is ideal for groups of up to 35 people.
With breathtaking views of the surrounding National Forest, the Mountainside Terrace is the perfect location for an outdoor wedding ceremony or reception for up to 350 guests.
Nestled on Beaver Creek Mountain, the cobble stone-adorned Chapel provides a picturesque setting for wedding ceremonies, intimate or grandiose. The Beaver Creek Chapel seats up to 200 guests. Privately reserved transportation is required to bring guests and the wedding party to and from The Ritz-Carlton, Bachelor Gulch.
With sweeping views of the valley, the Skier Bridge Lawn is ideal for an intimate outdoor wedding ceremony or a large soiree, accommodating up to 250 guests.


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Using gradients in tidal restriction to evaluate nekton community responses to salt marsh restoration
Date of Original Version
Few studies concerning tide-restricted and restoring salt marshes emphasize fishes and decapod crustaceans (nekton) despite their ecological significance. This study quantifies nekton utilization of three New England salt marshes under tide-restricted and restoring conditions (Hatches Harbor, Massachusetts; Sachuest Point and Galilee, Rhode Island). The degree of tidal restriction differed among marshes allowing for an examination of nekton utilization patterns along a gradient of tidal restriction and subsequent restoration. Based on sampling in shallow subtidal creeks and pools, nekton density and richness were significantly lower in the restricted marsh compared to the unrestricted marsh only at the most tide-restricted site (Sachuest Point). The dissimilarity in community composition between the unrestricted and restricted marsh sites increased with more pronounced tidal restriction. The increase in nekton density resulting from tidal restoration was positively related to the increase in tidal range. Species richness only increased with restoration at the most tide-restricted site; no significant change was observed at the other two sites. These patterns suggest that only severe tidal restrictions significantly reduce the habitat value of New England salt marshes for shallow subtidal nekton. This study suggests that the greatest responses by nekton, and the most dramatic shift towards a more natural nekton assemblage, will occur with restoration of severely restricted salt marshes.
Publication Title, e.g., Journal
Raposa, Kenneth B., and Charles T. Roman. "Using gradients in tidal restriction to evaluate nekton community responses to salt marsh restoration." Estuaries 26, 1 (2003). doi: 10.1007/BF02691697.

domain: literature


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What are cannabinoids?
What exactly are cannabinoids? The term cannabinoid is simply a fancy way to describe the chemicals contained within the cannabis plant. You may hear the term ‘phytocannabinoid’ as well; ‘phyto’ just means plant. Cannabinoids are plant chemicals derived from the cannabis plant. That’s it! Don’t be scared away from the fancy terminology that exists in the bioscience world – it can be intimidating, but you can easily learn to navigate through nature using scientific language! Use the cannabinoid locater tool found exclusively on CannabiJournal. After spending time researching what cannabinoids are, you will have a much better grasp on these plant chemicals.
Figure 1.0: different cannabinoid molecules
What is a terpene?
While cannabinoids are specific to the cannabis plant species, terpenes are actually not. Have you ever walked through a dense pine forest, or meadow of lavender? The rich scent you smell is mainly because of the terpenes within the plants. Terpenes act as a defensive measure against herbivores (ie: deer) that may be inclined to eat that plant specific plant. Furthermore, a ‘terpenoid’ is a terpene that has been oxidized. While many cannabis companies have put a twist on the ability of terpenoids to interact with the human body after ingestion, there is still very little (if any) evidence that supports this. Terpenes absolutely affect color and aroma, but any other claims should be considered with extreme caution.
Use our cannabinoid locator to find peer reviewed data on the different major and minor cannabinoids.
Reliable information on terpenes can be difficult to find. Locate different terpenes using terpene locator.

domain: chemistry


Cyberith shows their awesome Virtualizer in the E3 fair in L.A., California.
Numerous people came to the stand to play with the Virtualizer to live the games like no other plataform before.
I´m proud to be working with this team in this amazing project. And make me double proud that Steven Spielberg, my favourite film director -and the man who did the movies that made me want to become also a filmmaker-, was there, with the Cyberith team, trying by himself the Virtualizer.
I was working in a 3D model of Arnold Schwarzenegger as the T-800 of the Terminator movies to the model can work in Unity system and it can be shown as playable character in the Virtualizer.
From here I want to say congratullations to all the team! Great job!
I also have to say that Steven Spielberg, my all-time favourite film director, played with the 3D model that I did for The Virtualizer, an honor and a memory that I will keep always.


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Last week, members of the Hutchison Vale Community Sports Club unveiled a new automated external defibrillator.
The life saving device allows for a quick response to certain cardiac arrhythmias (or irregular heartbeat) which can lead to cardiac arrest and is designed to be simple to use.
Members of Hutchie Vale have been supporting the Evening News ‘Shockingly Easy’ campaign which aims to see the devices installed at every sports club in the Lothians.
The campaign was set up in memory of 13-year-old Jamie Skinner who died in December 2013 following a suspected heart attack while playing football for Tynecastle FC.
Every week in the UK, 12 apparently fit and healthy people under 35 lose their lives due to undiagnosed cardiac conditions and the early use of defibrillation can significantly increase the chances of survival.
Earlier this year, the Scottish Government published a national strategy looking at the issue of out of hospital cardiac arrest. The strategy outlines a number of action points to improve care at every step of the so called chain of survival from early recognition through to aftercare. It also highlights the need to raise public awareness and to create a culture of readiness.
I have lodged a motion in Parliament, congratulating Hutchie Vale and calling for early action to implement the Scottish Government’s strategy.


As a supporter of the Second Amendment and our natural right to self defense, I pledge to oppose all elected officials and candidates who seek to diminish this right regardless of political affiliation. Defending my family is my OBVIOUS, SELF-EVIDENT right, and Rhode Island lawmakers must protect law abiding citizen's obvious and natural right to keep and bear firearms. In 2016, Rhode Island placed an abysmal 42nd in Guns & Ammo ranking for Best States For Gun Owners. My lawmakers must work to make it easier for gun owners to exercise their rights through rolling back unnecessary regulations and harsh laws.
Legislators must NEVER vote to make our state an even worse place for law-abiding citizens to defend their families. I will oppose all anti-self defense initiatives that include, but not limited to:
- The criminalization of the manufacture, import, possession, purchase, sale, or transfer of any ammunition feeding device capable of accepting more than ten rounds. There is no proof that this will do anything to save lives, but it WILL limit our right to defend ourselves and our families as well as, upon passage, WILL make criminals of law abiding citizens who have done nothing wrong.
- Restrictions on carrying of firearms on public property. Gun free zones are a welcome sign to those who wish to kill or destroy the lives of those we value most.
As lawmakers vote on legislation, so I will vote next November. We must improve, not worsen, the ability of our state’s citizens to defend themselves.


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Braised Chicken in Riesling
- Total Time
This dish is traditionally made with a dry red wine, but it is lighter and equally delicious made with a white wine such as Riesling.
uncooked boneless skinless chicken thigh(s)6 thigh
table salt½ tsp
black pepper¼ tsp
olive oil1 Tbsp
cooked green cabbage1 ½ cup(s), shredded, finely shredded
uncooked onion(s)1 medium, thinly sliced
uncooked baby carrots15 item(s)
garlic clove(s)3 clove(s), medium, peeled
white wine¾ fl oz, Riesling or other variety
reduced-sodium chicken broth¾ cup(s)
canned tomato paste2 Tbsp
all-purpose flour2 Tbsp
cooked skinless chicken thigh(s) with bone6 item(s)
- Sprinkle the chicken with the salt and pepper.
- Heat the oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat. Add the chicken and cook, turning, until browned, about 8 minutes. Transfer the chicken to a 5- or 6-quart slow cooker.
- Add the cabbage and onion to the skillet. Reduce the heat to medium and cook, stirring, until the onion is softened, about 5 minutes. Transfer to the slow cooker and top with the carrots and garlic.
- Whisk together the wine, broth, and tomato paste in a bowl, then pour over the chicken. Cover and cook until the chicken and carrots are fork-tender, 4 – 6 hours on high or 8 – 10 hours on low. With a slotted spoon, transfer the chicken to a deep platter. Keep warm.
- Whisk together the water and flour in a small bowl until smooth. Whisk in about 1/4 cup of the hot stew liquid until blended, then stir the flour mixture into the slow cooker. Cover and cook on high until the mixture simmers and thickens, about 15 minutes longer. Serve over the chicken. 1 chicken thigh and 1/2 cup vegetables with sauce per serving.

domain: food


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