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Sweet science: Precision apple harvesting
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Apple producers in Canada face various challenges throughout the growing season. One of these challenges is being able to predict exactly when crops are ready for harvest.
Fortunately, Canadian apple producers have science on their team. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) researchers in Summerland, British Columbia, and Kentville, Nova Scotia, are creating protocols for using the DA Meter, a new tool that takes the guesswork out of apple harvesting. (DA stands for "delta absorbance"; it refers to a calculation of the difference in light that is absorbed by the chlorophyll in the fruit's peel as it matures.) This special tool helps fruit producers determine optimal ripeness of their crop which, in turn, helps ensure only the best apples make it to market.
"You can't judge an apple by its looks. That's why we use an instrument like the DA Meter to help us know what's going on inside the apple. This tool could change how and when Canadian apple growers harvest their crops."- Dr. Peter Toivonen, Research Scientist, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
A new way to measure ripeness
When it first came on the market, the DA Meter was not well adapted to reading apple ripeness. Dr. Toivonen's team found that adding a light shroud helped generate consistent readings. This simple, yet effective, modification made it possible to collect the data needed to develop harvesting protocols for growers.
Typically, to measure apple ripeness, producers test the fruit for its starch content. They pick the apples, cut them open, and spray them with iodine. The iodine reacts with the starch in the fruit and turns black. When an apple is ripe, it has very little starch and the iodine creates only a light stain.
The iodine test is a visual indication of ripeness. Unfortunately, this technique is imprecise and the grower loses fruit with every test.
The DA Meter has LEDs on the outside of the sensor. When the light from the LEDs shines on the apple, it goes into the fruit and gets reflected back. The instrument reads the light reflection to measure the chlorophyll content of the apple's peel without damaging the fruit.
Using the DA Meter is a real advancement in maturity testing. Growers can test the apples right on the tree and leave them on the tree to continue to ripen. Picking the fruit when it's at the correct maturity is very important in keeping their quality high throughout the storage season.
Growers can also determine which parts of the field are ripening ahead of other parts, which helps them more effectively plan their harvest schedule. Since the tests don't destroy the fruit, they can do a lot more testing to ensure top quality.
- Researchers in Summerland are working on protocols for the Ambrosia, Golden Delicious, Gala, Fuji, Salish and Aurora Golden Gala, as well as several yet unnamed cultivars. In Kentville, researchers are working on protocols for the Honeycrisp.
- Protocol data will be released to apple grower associations for new varieties as they become available.
- In a three-year study using Ambrosia apples, data generated by the DA meter was a more reliable indicator of harvest maturity than traditional testing. The data is also useful in predicting how well apples will retain their firmness in storage.
- In 2014, Canada's apple crop had a farm gate value of nearly $188 million. The top three apple-producing provinces were Ontario ($71.3 million), Quebec ($50.4 million) and British Columbia ($47.6 million).
- Sweet Science: A new device for checking apple ripeness (video)
- Dr. Peter Toivonen
- Summerland Research and Development Centre
- Kentville Research and Development Centre
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domain: agronomy


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Celebrities have to lose weight All the time to play different roles or prepare for live shows, some of them exercise and eat healthy food as a lifestyle to take care of their mental and physical health.
Regardless of the reason, losing weight quickly is possible as long as you stick to a safe and reasonable plan, but there are secret weight loss tricks for celebrities, according to the “Eat this Not that” website, and the following are the most prominent.
The most prominent of these secrets is to get rid of dairy products, eggs and all foods that come from animals.
Possibly the face of vegan pop music, Ariana Grande went on the diet in 2013 and lost weight soon after.
Reports show that water can boost your metabolism and get rid of toxins in your body.
For the average person, it’s recommended to drink 64 ounces of water per day, or eight 8-ounce glasses.
Vanessa Hudgens (Shutterstock)
In parallel, for some celebrities, intermittent fasting has proven to be extremely beneficial when it comes to burning a few kilos.
And American actress Vanessa Hudgens revealed that she lost seven pounds in the first week of trying intermittent fasting. And if you’re someone who prefers to focus on when you eat rather than what you eat, fasting may be the perfect weight loss trick.
Demi Lovato (Shutterstock)
Don’t focus on losing weight
In addition, experts advise not to focus on losing weight and focus on all other aspects such as feeling happy, eating healthy, developing a routine, etc. instead of just your weight.
American singer Demi Lovato posted a video on Instagram showing her waistline, with the text: “I lost weight by mistake. I don’t count calories anymore. I don’t overdo it anymore.”
Kate Hudson (Shterstock)
Move all day
Also, you don’t have to go to the gym multiple times a day to lose weight quickly, just stay active as advised by Kate Hudson, who posted pictures on Instagram of her going out, hanging out with her kids, dancing, hiking and more.
Kate Upton (Shutterstock)
Looking for a workout buddy
In the same vein, we all know that exercise isn’t always the most fun thing to do, so having an exercise buddy can help keep you motivated.
Kate Upton’s trainer shared an Instagram post of Kate and Sophia Bush working out in the same room, but they’re not actually doing the same exercises together, as it’s mostly about someone else working hard too.

domain: health


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Better transition from dining room to sunroom! These would be great to replace my glass sliding door with! Sliding French Doors--I like this idea. combining the sliding barn door look with the class of french doors.
**CUTE FOR LAUNDRY ROOM** Shabby chic rag valance. Just tie fabric scraps to a curtain rod.--perfect for my kitchen and small windows. I wanna use lace and burlapy strips mixed with a little blue from the living room

domain: design


Black and White Tea Towels
This product is currently sold out.
Hand printed, block print, premium cotton towels. Each towel has it's own unique character. Printed with non-toxic water-based ink, pre-washed, pre-shrunk, machine washable. Perfect addition to kitchens of any style.
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Anyone who delves into the historical origins of Washington’s Taiwan policy in the Nixon-Kissinger opening to China a half-century ago is struck by the haphazardness of the American approach and the ruthlessness of the Chinese. One also begins to realize why American policy-makers are so befuddled by their “legacy” policies. The major compounding factor was duplicity.
Duplicity was President Richard Nixon’s preferred tactic in dealing with domestic opposition to his China Policy. On the one hand, as I wrote in these pages last March (“The Governor and the Generalissimo”), Nixon deputized California Governor Ronald Reagan to meet Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石) in Taipei on “Double Ten” 1971, and authorized Reagan to deliver Nixon’s warm assurances of support for Taiwan. On the other hand, Nixon gave secret assurances to the Chinese leadership through his top national security aide Henry Kissinger that he intended to abandon Taiwan.
Ten days after Reagan’s Taipei visit, Kissinger arrived in Peking for a second working-trip which he hoped would settle the wording for an inchoate Shanghai communique. Kissinger warned Chinese Premier Chou En-lai (周恩來) that serious resistance to Nixon’s China initiatives was mounting among American conservatives. Kissinger urged secrecy, and hinted that Nixon would deliver far more on the Taiwan question than he could admit in public. Within weeks of his visit to Taiwan, Governor Reagan himself even suspected that Nixon would “give away Taiwan to Peking”.
In January 1972, Kissinger’s chief of staff, Alexander Haig, also ventured to Peking and repeated Kissinger’s worries to Premier Chou En-lai. Haig said there was a “a strange merger” of forces in the US “dedicated to either preventing the President’s visit to Peking or to contributing to its failure.” These were, first, “the American Left which is essentially pro-Soviet” joined in a “strange wedding” with “conservative elements who are strong supporters of Taiwan.” The American press was a second danger, said Haig, who then gratuitously editorialized that “most American journalists are shallow idiots.” Haig left a file folder of news clippings from The New York Times and other newspapers so the Premier “can see how these forces have been working in the United States against both the normalization of relations and the President’s visit.”
But Kissinger’s paramount anxiety, it turned out, was neither the American press nor Nixon’s conservative rivals in the Republican Party. It was the politically moderate former governor of Texas (now Nixon’s Treasury Secretary) John B. Connally. Secretary Connally was the politician Nixon most admired, he was Nixon’s most trusted advisor, and he was the man whom Nixon believed should succeed him as President in 1976. So, before Nixon departed for Peking in February 1972, Kissinger consulted Connally about the “Taiwan Clause” of the draft communique. Connally took a look and told Kissinger bluntly, “You’ve sold out!”
Connally was particularly upset by draft communique’s phrase “Taiwan is a province of China.” Connally insisted it had “a peculiar connotation in America.” He read it as meaning that America was “turning over Taiwan to China right then and there.” Kissinger tried to explain that even Chiang Kai-shek considered Taiwan to be a province of China, but to no avail. Connally fumed, “you never have a chance to explain these things after all hell has broken loose.” Kissinger recounted Secretary Connally’s irritation to his Chinese interlocutors and apologized: the US side could not accept the word “province,” he said, “there is no complicated rationale.” “We want to avoid the word ‘province’ — and we are trying to gain Connally’s support which could be useful” in presenting the Shanghai communique language to the American people.
Nixon’s political opposition vis-a-vis Taiwan was a point Kissinger would bring up frequently with Chou. Regarding Taiwan, Kissinger said, “there are many elements in the US who are violently opposed to the policy we are pursuing and who will be even more opposed to it as it begins to unwind.” Kissinger had good reason to keep Secretary Connally on-side. Initially, the Nixon trip had caused the President “domestic troubles.” Senators Hubert H. Humphrey (D-MN) and Henry M. Jackson (D-WA), leading democratic moderates, were uneasy. Jackson questioned Nixon’s election-year grandstanding and warned that the Shanghai communique made it appear “that we are doing the withdrawing and [the communist Chinese] are doing the staying,” adding “that does not strike me as good horse trade.”
Humphrey said, “it is apparent from the communique as I read it that concessions were made by the President and by Dr. Kissinger, but not any, insofar as I have been able to interpret, were made by the Chinese.”
Senior Republicans were also alarmed. Senator James L. Buckley (R-NY) called “a news conference to voice concern that the communique was ‘being widely interpreted both at home and abroad as signaling the ultimate abandonment of Taiwan by the United States’.” Virtually the entire conservative Republican leadership held its collective tongue. They simply couldn’t believe that Nixon would sell out Taiwan. Senator John Tower (R-TX) mused that the communique “requires considerable clarification.” Senator Peter H. Dominick (R-CO) wanted more information. “The President is too good horse trader to give way Taiwan without something in exchange,” an unidentified conservative Republican senator told The New York Times. “Therefore, I think there must be some arrangements we are not aware of.”
Where President Nixon dealt with his “domestic opposition” by telling each side — Chinese, American, Taiwanese — what it wanted to hear, Premier Chou and Chairman Mao Tse-tung (毛澤東) faced “domestic opposition” — of a more fatal kind. Chinese Communist Party “Vice Chairman” Lin Piao (林彪) was the leader of Mao’s opposition. Lin had vociferously opposed the United States and instead pestered Mao to reconcile with the Soviet Union.
Nixon and Kissinger had been oblivious to this. On his first visit to China in July 1971, Kissinger brought presents from Nixon for China’s three top leaders. Chou was gracious: “we express thanks for the gifts which the President and you have sent to Chairman Mao, Lin Piao, and myself.” Chou pointedly did not use Lin Piao’s “Vice Chairman” title. He continued, “you may say that Chairman Mao and I both send our regards to President Nixon.” Chou pointedly did not send regards from Lin. These omissions whizzed right over Kissinger’s head. Premier Chou’s clues to Lin’s fate were noticed only years later by Richard Solomon who had catalogued and cross-referenced the Kissinger transcripts at the RAND Corporation.
But the Lin Piao dimension showed that Mao and Chou had their own ways of dealing with “domestic opposition.” Unbeknownst to the world, in September 1971, Marshal Lin Piao perished in a failed coup attempt after he fled to Russia in a commandeered jetliner. His aircraft crashed into the desolate East Mongolian steppe, killing all aboard. Marshal Lin Piao was dead and unburied but, around Kissinger, Chou innocently acted as if Chairman Mao’s constitutional successor was merely “seriously — possibly fatally — ill.”
When Nixon made his historic journey to Peking the following February 21, his first meeting was with Chairman Mao. Nixon and Mao had a jovial exchange. Mao even promised to “vote for Nixon” in that 1972 election year. Nixon voiced a few complaints that he faced opposition from “those on the left” who “are pro-Soviet and would not encourage a move toward the People’s Republic.” At the word “Soviet,” the Chairman laughed, “Exactly so!”
Mao had his own opposition: “In our country also there is a reactionary group which is opposed to our contact with you. The result was that they got on an airplane and fled abroad.” Mao ghoulishly added, “as for the Soviet Union, they finally went to dig out the corpses...” Blank stares from the Americans. “…in Outer Mongolia,” Premier Chou helpfully finished Mao’s sentence.
Mao and Chou looked pleased with themselves. Nixon looked perplexed. Neither Mao nor Chou had mentioned Lin Piao’s name. Nor did Nixon or Kissinger have any inkling of what Mao was talking about.
Mao had revealed inadvertently that homicide was his preferred tactic in dealing with domestic opposition. The Central Intelligence Agency remained ignorant of Mao’s disclosure; four months later, in July 1972, the first CIA estimate on Lin Piao’s disappearance read: “Chinese officials have still not admitted to foreigners — in fact have denied — that Lin is dead.”
By the way, during his first and only conversation with Nixon as President, Mao never mentioned “Taiwan.”
John J. Tkacik, Jr. is a retired US foreign service officer who has served in Taipei and Beijing and is now director of the Future Asia Project at the International Assessment and Strategy Center.
Could Asia be on the verge of a new wave of nuclear proliferation? A look back at the early history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which recently celebrated its 75th anniversary, illuminates some reasons for concern in the Indo-Pacific today. US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin recently described NATO as “the most powerful and successful alliance in history,” but the organization’s early years were not without challenges. At its inception, the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty marked a sea change in American strategic thinking. The United States had been intent on withdrawing from Europe in the years following
The issue of China’s overcapacity has drawn greater global attention recently, with US Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen urging Beijing to address its excess production in key industries during her visit to China last week. Meanwhile in Brussels, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen last week said that Europe must have a tough talk with China on its perceived overcapacity and unfair trade practices. The remarks by Yellen and Von der Leyen come as China’s economy is undergoing a painful transition. Beijing is trying to steer the world’s second-largest economy out of a COVID-19 slump, the property crisis and
The past few months have seen tremendous strides in India’s journey to develop a vibrant semiconductor and electronics ecosystem. The nation’s established prowess in information technology (IT) has earned it much-needed revenue and prestige across the globe. Now, through the convergence of engineering talent, supportive government policies, an expanding market and technologically adaptive entrepreneurship, India is striving to become part of global electronics and semiconductor supply chains. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Vision of “Make in India” and “Design in India” has been the guiding force behind the government’s incentive schemes that span skilling, design, fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging, and
As former president Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九) wrapped up his visit to the People’s Republic of China, he received his share of attention. Certainly, the trip must be seen within the full context of Ma’s life, that is, his eight-year presidency, the Sunflower movement and his failed Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, as well as his eight years as Taipei mayor with its posturing, accusations of money laundering, and ups and downs. Through all that, basic questions stand out: “What drives Ma? What is his end game?” Having observed and commented on Ma for decades, it is all ironically reminiscent of former US president Harry

domain: politics


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Manning, Selvage & Lee/ Atlanta Forward Atlanta Campaign photographs, 1960-1970 (VIS 113)
Manning, Selvage & Lee/Atlanta (formerly Bell and Stanton) is a public relations firm in Atlanta, Georgia, and operates as a division of Manning, Selvage & Lee, Inc. The company’s first client was the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce which by 1968 had launched the third phase of its Forward Atlanta campaign to help position the city for national recognition and consideration as a location corporations and government agencies. In its early years, Bell and Stanton also worked on projects with the Atlanta Braves and architect John Portman. This collection of public relations photographs contains images of the city of Atlanta that were created for the Forward Atlanta campaign in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and were meant to showcase the city. Some images were probably taken in support of other public relations activities of Bell and Stanton, but are not identified as such. Included are aerial views of downtown Atlanta, Midtown, and the Peachtree Center area, which highlight the city’s skyline and infrastructure. Other photographs include images of landmarks in the metropolitan Atlanta region including Atlanta City Hall, Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, the Georgia State Capitol building, Grant Park, Stone Mountain, and the Swan House. The collection contains images of shopping centers such as Lenox Mall, Phipps Plaza, and stores and entertainment venues located in Underground Atlanta. In addition, there are photographs of hotels, restaurants, parks, monuments, gardens, and private residences in various Atlanta neighborhoods. The images in this collection were taken by a variety of photographers including Charles M. Rafshoon, Jerome Drown, and Clyde May.
Manning, Selvage & Lee/ Atlanta Forward Atlanta Campaign photograph collection contains 601 black and white and color photographic prints, and color transparencies, 88 of which are digitized and available on this database.
The finding aid for the entire collection is available here.
To view the rest of the images, please visit the Kenan Research Center located at 130 West Paces Ferry Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30305. Our hours of operation are 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM, Wednesday – Saturday. You may contact us by calling 404.814.4040 or emailing email@example.com.
Digitization of this collection is made possible in part by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services.

domain: library


From sundayvision.co.ug Nespresso introduced in our country Amaha Awe Uganda
From themanual.com Are you a pod person? We don’t mean
With help from the Nespresso community, farmers are overcoming conflict, environmental disasters and economic hardships, and revitalizing their coffee farms to be more sustainable while bringing back to life some of the world’s rarest coffees.
Nespresso, part of food giant Nestle , said on Wednesday it had launched a new range of organic coffee sourced from the fertile volcanic slopes of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, a former growing region blighted by decades of violence and war.
Novelis Inc., the world leader in aluminum rolling and recycling, today announced it has partnered with Nespresso, the pioneer of premium portioned coffee, to launch the first coffee capsule made of 80% recycled aluminum. The highly recycled, sustainable alloy is featured in Nespresso’s new coffee capsules.
Nespresso has launched what it claims are the first coffee capsules made using 80% recycled aluminium, as the company continues its journey towards a circular business model.
“We can confirm we have not purchased coffee from the farms in question in the most recent harvest season, and we will not do so until we can verify that they are not in breach of C.A.F.E. Practices — our ethical sourcing standards developed in partnership with Conservation International that provide comprehensive guidelines for social, environmental and economic criteria including zero tolerance for child labor,”…
They were paid depending on the quantity of beans they picked with sacks weighing up to 45 kilograms. Typically, each child earns less than US$6.40 a day, which is equivalent to some of the lattes offered by Starbucks and Nespresso’s menus.
If you’re anything like us, you can’t head to your first morning meeting, let alone form a complete sentence, without a good old cup of joe. Contrary to popular belief, one can achieve this without heading to a coffee shop.


|Greylock Boys Travel Basketball Opens with Win|
|07:24PM / Monday, December 04, 2017|
Derek Paris scored 24 points and pulled down 10 rebounds to lead the Greylock seventh- and eighth-grade travel basketball team to a 39-27 win over the Boys & Girls Club Blue.
Dylen Harrison and Jack Cangelosi each scored five points for Greylock, which overcame a narrow 16-15 deficit at half-time.
"We had a little trouble defending Kevin Wilson in the first half, where he scored nine of his team-high 12 points," Greylock coach Rick Paris said. "So in the second half we adjusted and switched up guys defensively and were able to hold him to only three points. He's a tough match-up for most players."
Derek Paris scored 12 of his 24 in a 16-point third quarter.
Greylock plays the Boys & Girls Club Black on Saturday morning at Williamstown Elementary School.


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SIXTEEN MPs WANT OPPOSITION SIDE SEATS
Sixteen SLFP members, who supported the No-Confidence Motion against the Prime Minister, have requested that they be allocated seats with the opposition side in Parliament.
The letter was handed over to Parliament Secretary General Dhammika Dasanayake yesterday morning. Former State Minister Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena told the Daily News that nine MPs submitted the letter to the Secretary General at the Parliamentary Complex on behalf of all 16 MPs.
He said they would sit in the Opposition benches on May 8 as Parliament meets for the Policy Statement of President Maithripala Sirisena. “We will not stage a cross over in the well of the House. We will take our seats in the Opposition when sittings begin,” he said.
Six former Cabinet Ministers Susil Premajayantha, Dayasiri Jayasekara, Anura Yapa, S. B. Dissanayake, Chandima Weerakkody and John Seneviratne are among the group of 16 SLFP members. Others include former Deputy and State Ministers Dilan Perera, Lakshman Wasantha Perera, Dr Sudarshani Fernandopulle, Tharanath Basnayake,
Susantha Punchinilame, Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena, Anuradha Jayaratne, Sumedha Jayasena and T.B. Ekanayake as well as Deputy Speaker Thilanga Sumathipala.
However, the SLFP group of 16 has stated that they would not join with the Joint Opposition, but remain as an independent group in Parliament. The composition of Government and Opposition in the Second Session of Eighth Parliament will change with this move.
Parliament officials said they were not in a position to exactly say the head count of Government and Opposition as at present because the lines are blurred. According to rough calculations, the number of Government MPs will be 131 while 93 MPs will be in the Opposition benches. The SLFP members in the Government ranks will come down from 41 to 25.

domain: news


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Give your iPhone a refined, elegant look with the Tortoise Snap Case. Each case is individually hand painted to accurately simulate the marbled look of real polished tortoise shell. Every Tortoise Snap Case is truly unique, no two are alike. You get the same dependable lightweight protection of our signature Snap Case, but in a style that will turn heads.
Please view this guy's Incase Snap Case photos to get an idea of exactly how an Incase iPhone 4 Snap Case works (note: this is a photo of a clear Incase snap case).
“Ok but still waiting on parcel.”
“Easy but my credit card was double processed and then i go tna email asking to pay my bill (so that would have been a thrid charge) however, with one phone call it was all corrected, so that was great.”
“Fantastic shopping experience, unbelievably fast and reasonably priced delivery.”
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“Quality product. Fast service.”
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“So far this has been an awesome purchase; it's incredibly functional and fits a lot of stuff inside despite it's small size. I have no issues with it at present.”
“Delivery time. Even though i ordered it on a standard delivery, the delivery arrived within on business day. Very impressed.”


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Study finds faith matters among Asian Americans
In “Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faith,” Pew’s Forum on Religion and Public Life found that most either count themselves as Christian or say they have no religious affiliation.
Thanks to waves of immigrants in recent decades, the number of those who are Buddhist or Hindu has grown to two percent of the U.S. population — about the same proportion of the total population who are Jewish.
“When it comes to religion, Asian Americans are really a study in contrasts,” said Cary Funk, a senior researcher at Pew who wrote up the findings.
Overall, Asian Americans make up 5.6 percent of the total U.S. population, with Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese being the biggest subgroups.
When asked how important religion was in their lives, 39 percent of Asian Americans who took part in Pew’s survey called it “very important” — compared with 58 percent of the general public.
Broken down, however, 37 percent of Asian-American Christians said “living a very religious life” was among the most important things in their lives. That compares with 24 percent of all American Christians.
Moreover, members of all three Asian-American Christian groups — Evangelicals, Protestants and Catholics — attended services more frequently than their non-Asian counterparts.
Sixty-seven percent of Asian-American Buddhists, whose family roots go back to Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia, believed in ancestral spirits, and 57 percent maintained a shrine in their homes.
Among those who identified themselves as Hindu, 73 percent regarded yoga “as a spiritual practice,” 59 percent believed in reincarnation and 78 percent had a shrine in their residence.
“The celebration of Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, is nearly universal among Indian-American Hindus” at 95 percent, said the Pew report, published in full at www.pewforum.org.
Asian-American Hindus also boasted a greater percentage of adults with a household income of more than $100,000 — 48 percent — than any other religious group in U.S. society.
Branching out into politics, the survey found that Asian Americans who are registered voters lean more towards the Democrats (52 percent) than to the Republicans (32 percent). [More]

domain: sociology


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In the realm of fashion, there are individuals who leave an indelible mark, inspiring generations to come. Debra Bollman is one such trailblazer, whose extraordinary contributions and innovative ideas have revolutionized the industry. In this article, we delve into the life, accomplishments, and lasting influence of Debra Bollman, a visionary who continues to shape the world of fashion.
Early Life and Passion for Fashion
debra bollman journey in the fashion industry began at an early age. Born and raised in a small town, her fascination with fabrics, colors, and design was evident even as a child. Her natural inclination towards aesthetics and an innate sense of style set the stage for her remarkable future.
The Rise to Prominence
Debra Bollman’s ascent to prominence commenced when she enrolled in a prestigious fashion institute. Here, her exceptional talent blossomed, catching the attention of industry professionals and mentors. With an unwavering determination to succeed, she honed her skills and expanded her knowledge in various facets of fashion, including haute couture, textile design, and fashion marketing.
Pioneering Designs and Innovations
Debra Bollman’s creative genius and unparalleled vision have led to the creation of numerous pioneering designs and innovations that have redefined the fashion landscape. Her collections showcase a perfect amalgamation of classic elegance and contemporary trends, captivating fashion enthusiasts worldwide. From stunning evening gowns to avant-garde streetwear, her creations transcend boundaries and cater to diverse tastes and preferences.
Empowering Women through Fashion
One of Debra Bollman’s core philosophies is the empowerment of women through fashion. She believes that clothing has the power to boost confidence, express individuality, and inspire self-assurance. With this belief at the forefront, she has designed collections that celebrate the diversity and beauty of women, embracing all body types, ages, and cultural backgrounds.
Sustainable Fashion: A Commitment to the Environment
In an era where sustainability has become a pressing concern, Debra Bollman has emerged as a frontrunner in promoting eco-friendly practices within the fashion industry. She actively advocates for responsible sourcing of materials, ethical production processes, and the repurposing of fabrics. By prioritizing sustainability, she not only contributes to the preservation of our environment but also sets an example for others to follow.
Philanthropy and Social Impact
Beyond her creative endeavors, Debra Bollman’s philanthropic endeavors have left an indelible impact on communities in need. Through collaborations with charitable organizations, she has spearheaded initiatives that uplift underprivileged individuals and empower them through education, skill development, and access to opportunities. Her dedication to social causes resonates with fashion enthusiasts who seek to support brands with a purpose.
Debra Bollman’s remarkable journey as a fashion icon, innovator, and philanthropist has made an indelible impact on the world of fashion. Her unwavering commitment to creativity, sustainability, and social impact has cemented her status as a true trailblazer. Through her visionary designs, empowering philosophies, and philanthropic efforts, she continues to inspire generations of fashion enthusiasts. Debra Bollman’s legacy is not only about style and aesthetics but also about making a positive difference in the world.


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I hope you are having a wonderful weekend. A beautiful sunny Sunday here at Kainga. Over the last few days I have completed a bolster cushion.
I have had the pattern for sometime now and the other day I received a bundle of DMC threads and decided to use one of them in this project. The stitchery design was stitched in colour number 3722. The main part of the cushion was supposed to be backed with some lightweight pellon. I didn't have a piece big enough and it was a rainy day and I didn't want to venture outside to the shops so I had a look in my sewing room for something else that I could use. I found some heavyweight interfacing which I think actually works better because it holds the cushion/bolster shape so much better.
Of course I had to add some ric-rac to the project as well. I also used the ric-rac to tie the ends of the bolster. I put in a size bigger cushion than required because this is what I found in my linen cupboard. The pattern is by Sally Giblin. With all her patterns there is always a extra stitchery design as a bonus which is fantastic.

domain: artistic


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Electoral integrity in America : securing democracy / Pippa Norris, Sarah Cameron, and Thomas Wynter
- Oxford scholarship online
- Machine generated contents note: pt. I INTRODUCTION -- 1.Challenges in American Elections / Thomas Wynter -- 2.Electoral laws / Richard L. Hasen -- 3.Voting Procedures: Inclusion versus Security / Kevin Pal Lister -- 4.Diagnosing Electoral Integrity / Michael Latner -- pt. II CHALLENGES -- 5.Gerrymandering / Robin E. Best -- 6.Voter Identification / Philip Yates -- 7.Fake News / Kjerstin Thorson -- 8.Transparency / David Carroll -- 9.Decentralized Administration / Craig Arceneaux -- pt. III CONCLUSIONS -- 10.America in Comparative Perspective / Heather Szilagyi -- 11.Lessons for the Reform Agenda / Sarah Cameron.
- This volume, written by expert legal scholars, political scientists, and electoral assistance practitioners, brings evidence to bear on a series of challenges in American electoral integrity, including electoral laws, voter registers, gerrymandering, fake news, lack of transparency, and inconsistent state regulations. The book sets these issues in comparative context and draws out the broader policy lessons for improving electoral integrity and strengthening democracy.
- 9780190934200 (ebook)
- Audience Notes:
- Previously issued in print: 2018.
- Bibliography Note:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
View MARC record | catkey: 28939944


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Emily Myers, NAAG Antitrust and Powers and Duties Chief Counsel
Several interesting decisions were issued by federal and state courts last year regarding the authority of attorney general offices. They address a variety of issues including the extent of the subpoena power under a state’s consumer protection laws, the validity of an attorney general opinion, how cases should be styled, when an attorney general can intervene in an action, and other issues that interpret state law concerning the duties and responsibilities of the office.
Two decisions were issued in Arizona in the last six months. One involved the authority of the attorney general in regard to the representation of the Arizona Game and Fish Department. The plaintiffs filed suit against the department to escape penalties imposed against them for the taking of big game. When the attorney general filed a motion to dismiss, the plaintiffs alleged that only the Maricopa County attorney could represent the department. The trial court agreed and disqualified the attorney general.
Arizona statutes provide that”[E]ach county attorney shall prosecute and defend on behalf of the state, in all courts of the county, all actions, criminal or civil, arising under this title in which the state, [state game and fish] commission member, or [state game and fish] department employee is a party thereof.” A.R.S. § 17-103. However, A.R.S. § 41-192 authorizes the attorney general to “[b]e the legal advisor of the departments of this state and render such legal services as the departments require.” The attorney general argued that this statute impliedly repeals the authorization of the county attorneys. In Harris v. Brain, the appellate court found that, even if there were no implied repeal of section 17-103, that statute does not limit or prohibit the attorney general from representing the department under the attorney general’s general statutory authority. The court held, “[T]he attorney general’s decision to undertake the representation (with full consent of the Department) is entitled to deference.” 1
The other Arizona case involved the authority of the attorney general to investigate fair housing complaints under state law and recover attorneys’ fees against a municipal corporation. The City of Tempe sought a preliminary injunction and a declaratory judgment that the attorney general could not investigate a fair housing complaint made against a municipal corporation.
At the trial level, the court held that the attorney general did not abuse his discretion or act arbitrarily and capriciously by declining to dismiss the complaint, without an investigation, against Tempe under the Arizona Fair Housing Act. The trial court also found that the attorney general is mandated to conduct an investigation, and “Tempe thwarted the investigation,” such that it could not “now complain that the [AAG] abused his discretion by not dismissing the complaint when the investigation [was] not complete.” The trial court dismissed Tempe’s complaint and awarded the state $108,090 in attorneys’ fees. Tempe appealed.
The appellate court upheld the trial court’s ruling, holding:
Based upon this statutory and regulatory framework, the [attorney general] was within its discretion to continue the investigation beyond receipt of the documents provided by Tempe. It is the [attorney general’s] duty to investigate all complaints, and that duty cannot be circumvented by a respondent who simply denies the claim and unilaterally declares it resolved on the basis of the limited information the respondent chooses to provide. Tempe has shown no arbitrary or capricious action by the attorney general.
It also upheld the award of attorneys’ fees despite Tempe’s argument that its complaint was not a lawsuit within the meaning of the relevant statute. The appellate court disagreed, stating: “It is clear the filing of Tempe’s complaint seeking declaratory and special action relief in the superior court initiated an adversary proceeding, or lawsuit, against the attorney general” and, therefore, the attorney general, as the prevailing party, was entitled to fees.2
In Mississippi, a federal court addressed the extent of the attorney general’s investigative authority under the state’s Consumer Protection Act. The Mississippi Attorney General’s Office launched an investigation against Google for not removing from its website obnoxious, tasteless, and criminal content posted by third parties. As part of that investigation, the office issued a 79-page subpoena to Google. In response, Google brought an action in federal court, alleging that the subpoena coupled with public statements by the attorney general regarding an intention to bring legal action against Google, violated Google’s rightunder the Communications Decency Act, the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments, and other federal statutes. Google sought an injunction to ban the attorney general from enforcing the subpoena as well as instituting any civil or criminal proceedings addressing Google’s making third-party content accessible to Internet users.
Finding that there was federal question jurisdiction, the court then turned to a discussion of whether
Younger abstention should apply. In Younger v. Harris, the Supreme Court held that federal courts must abstain from exercising jurisdiction over an action brought by an indicted state criminal defendant seeking to enjoin the pending state criminal case against him. With respect to civil actions, the doctrine only applies, for purposes of this case, to certain “civil enforcement proceedings.” The issuance of a subpoena does not amount to a civil action or criminal action, but is rather an investigative tool, so abstention was not appropriate. The court also noted that Younger abstention does not apply when a state court proceeding was brought in bad faith or for the purpose of harassing the federal plaintiff. The court concluded that the attorney general’s public statements stating his intent to take legal action against Google and his issuance of a 79-page subpoena after Google declined to fulfill certain requests showed evidence of bad faith.
Turning to the standard of review for the issuance of a preliminary injunction, the court found that Google is likely to prevail on the merits of its claim under the Communications Decency Act, the First and Fourth Amendment, and its claim of preemption under the Federal Copyright Act, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It also found that there was a substantial threat of irreparable harm should the injunction not be issued and that the issuance of the preliminary injunction would not “significantly thwart” the attorney general’s ability to investigate and enforce violations of Mississippi’s consumer protection laws. The court, therefore, granted Google’s motion for the issuance of a preliminary injunction.3
A Missouri court addressed the question as to whether the attorney general may avoid a subpoena in an employment case.The plaintiff in this case was fired from his job as an investigator at the Missouri Attorney General’s Office. He sued the office, alleging age and disability discrimination and sought to depose the attorney general. Instead, the deputy chief of staff appeared and was deposed; he testified that the attorney general had no direct involvement in or firsthand knowledge of the plaintiff’s termination. At trial, the plaintiff again subpoenaed the attorney general; at the request of the attorney general’s office, the court quashed that subpoena. Before the trial began, the plaintiff asked the court to require the attorney general to testify, noting that, under Missouri statutes, the attorney general may appoint and fix the compensation of investigators like the plaintiff, who serve at the pleasure of the attorney general. The plaintiff argued that the attorney general had illegally delegated this authority and that he should be required to explain that delegation. The court declined to issue the subpoena, and the attorney general’s office prevailed on all claims. The plaintiff appealed.
On appeal, the plaintiff argued that 1) he had a right to call any witness to meet the issues raised in the pleadings, 2) the subpoena was not unreasonable or oppressive, and 3) the trial court precluded him from presenting evidence necessary to prove the issues he raised. The attorney general’s office answered that the plaintiff did not have a compelling need for the attorney general’s testimony and had suffered no prejudice from the court’s decision. The appeals court cited past decisions involving discovery from “top-level” employees which limited pre-trial discovery because of the unnecessary annoyance, burden, and expense “where persons lower in the organization may have the same or better information.” The court held that the attorney general’s office had shown good cause for quashing the trial subpoena because the attorney general was not involved in the employment decisions regarding the plaintiff and did not have information about plaintiff’s claims. Therefore, requiring the attorney general to testify at trial “would substantially impede his ability to perform his duties as Attorney General for the State of Missouri.” Finally, the attorney general’s testimony about his delegation of hiring and firing authority could not have helped the plaintiff prevail on his discrimination claims.4
In a second Missouri case, the court answered the question regarding the right of the attorney general’s office to intervene in a case regarding removal from the sex offender registry. A registrant on the Missouri sex offender registry petitioned the court for removal from the registry, providing copies of the petition to the local prosecutor. The state statute does not require that notice be sent to the attorney general. The court held a hearing, at which the local prosecutor appeared but did not offer any argument in opposition to the petition. The court granted the petition. The attorney general received a copy of the court’s order two months later. The attorney general filed a motion to intervene as a matter of right on behalf of itself and the Missouri State Highway Patrol, seeking to set aside the order. The court denied the attorney general’s motion to intervene, and the appellate court affirmed that denial. The attorney general then appealed to the Missouri Supreme Court.
The attorney general argued that the court erred in overruling his motion to intervene because, pursuant to Rule 52.12(a), the office has the unconditional statutory right to intervene when a statute confers such a right, citing Mo. Rev. Stat. § 27.060 as conveying that right. The statute provides:
The attorney general shall institute, in the name and on the behalf of the state, all civil suits and other proceedings at law or in equity requisite or necessary to protect the rights and interests of the state, and enforce any and all rights, interests or claims against any and all persons, firms or corporations in whatever court or jurisdiction such action may be necessary; and he may also appear and interplead, answer or defend, in any proceeding or tribunal in which the state’s interests are involved.
The defendant first argued that the attorney general’s intervention was not timely. The court disagreed, holding that section 27.060 expressly states the attorney general may appear in “any proceeding or tribunal,” and that there is no restriction on the time in which the attorney general may appear and defend in an action where the state’s interest is involved. The court next held that the attorney general has an unconditional right to intervene in this matter. The court noted that the Missouri attorney general has both statutory and common law powers, and, while his common law powers are not limitless, they can only be restricted by a statute enacted specifically for the purpose of limiting that power. In this case, “[t]he plain language of this statute only limits the attorney general’s power to appear, defend, and interplead so long as the state’s interests are involved. The state has an interest in a circuit court’s judgment ordering the removal of a sex offender’s name from Missouri’s sex offender registry.” Finally, the court addressed the defendant’s argument that the state was already represented in the case by the local prosecutor. The court held that the plain language of the statute does not extinguish the attorney general’s right to appear in a proceeding in which the state is represented by a local prosecutor. It stated that, if the legislature had wished to impose that limit, it would have done so.5
In a third case from Missouri, the issue confronting the court was whether a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) under the state consumer protection statute could be served in light of the Electronics Consumer Privacy Act (ECPA), 18U.S.C. §2701 et seq. The Missouri attorney general served a CID on Charter Communications, Inc., in connection with an investigation of possible violations of Missouri’s consumer protection laws by one of Charter’s customers. The CID sought basic subscriber information and “non-content” information within the meaning of the ECPA. Under the terms of the act, that type of information is subject to production pursuant, to among other things, an “administrative subpoena authorized by a Federal or State statute.” The trial court determined that the CID was not authorized by the ECPA and was, therefore, not enforceable. The attorney general appealed.
The court of appeals described the ECPA, noting that, in this civil case, the only way the attorney general could obtain basic subscriber information under the ECPA was through “an administrative subpoena authorized by a Federal or State statute.” Missouri’s CID authority was patterned on the provisions of the federal Antitrust Civil Process Act. The court examined decisions interpreting that act and noted that courts have analyzed CIDs as administrative subpoenas because the attorney general, although not an administrative agency, is performing an administrative function in enforcing the Missouri consumer protection laws. Turning to the argument that the CID violates Article I, Sec. 15 of the Missouri Constitution (equivalent to the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution), the court held that the issuance of CIDs would constitute a search of Charter’s records, but that the search was reasonable for four reasons: 1) The Missouri statute authorizing CIDs allows pre-compliance judicial review; 2) the CID complied with the authorizing statute; 3) the CID sought information relevant to the administrative inquiry and 4) the CID was not too indefinite or too broad. The court thus ordered Charter to comply with the subpoena.6
In another case regarding the subpoena authority of an attorney general’s office, a New York court addressed whether a subpoena could be issued to third parties in a charities investigation. The New York Attorney General’s Office investigated the Friends of the Fighting 69th, Inc. (Friends), a New York non-profit corporation that purported to support the Manhattan-based New York Army National Guard 69th Infantry Regiment. After the non-profit failed to file required forms with the Internal Revenue Service and after the attorney general received several complaints about mishandling of contributions, the office issued a subpoena to a former director of the organization who was no longer involved with the charity. The former director failed to appear for his scheduled investigatory examination, and the attorney general’s office filed suit to compel his appearance. The defendant argued that, because he was no longer involved with the charity, he did not fall within any of the categories of persons or entities who are subject to the control of the attorney general.
The court granted the motion to compel the former director’s testimony. The court stated that, under the New York Non-Profit Corporation Law, “the Attorney General is responsible for the supervision of not-for-profit corporations, which is in addition to his common law parens patriae authority to protect the public interest in charitable property.” According to the court, the attorney general has broad investigatory powers in connection with this authority:
The attorney general, his or her assistants, deputies or other such officers as may be designated by him or her, are empowered to subpoena any trustee, agent, fiduciary, beneficiary, institution, association or corporation or other witness [emphasis in original],
In light of these broad powers, the court granted the attorney general’s petition to compel the former director’s appearance.7
The question in an Ohio case was whether collection efforts on behalf of a state agency must be brought in the name of the attorney general or in the name of the agency represented by the attorney general. The Ohio Department of Health (ODH) enforces the state’s Smoke-Free Act, which prohibits smoking in public places and places of employment. If an establishment is a repeat offender under the Act, ODH must issue a written proposed finding of violation and a proposed civil fine. Although the defendant in this case did not contest the fine or appeal its imposition, neither did it make payment. After 45 days, as permitted by the law, ODH referred the matter to the attorney general to begin the collection process, which was brought in the name of ODH. The defendant then sued, challenging the action on the grounds, among other things, that only the attorney general could obtain an order from the court to collect unpaid fines and that ODH was authorized only to enforce equitable remedies.
The court overruled a prior decision in which it had held that the attorney general must bring a suit in his own name, rather than that of the agency, to collect overdue fines. The court analyzed the relevant statute, which provided, “if the amount is not paid within forty-five days after payment is due, the officer, employee, or agent shall certify the amount due to the attorney general.” The defendant argued that this language required the transfer of the debt to the attorney general, but the court held that the statute merely makes the office of attorney general (OAG) the attorney for ODH and, therefore, tasked with making efforts to collect the amount due. “The statute does not specify in whose name suit must be brought and, therefore, does not prohibit the OAG from captioning the case in ODH’s name.” In this case, “the OAG as counsel for ODH may file a collection action naming ODH as plaintiff.”8
An interesting case arose out of an Oklahoma attorney general’s opinion regarding the use of a sales tax by a county board. The voters of Canadian County, Okla., through a referendum, approved a third of a cent sales tax “to be used for financing, construction and equipping of a juvenile delinquents detention facility and juvenile justice facilities in Canadian County, including design, construction, expenses, operations, equipment and furnishings.” Since the tax has been in effect, the revenue has been used for juvenile facilities and a variety of juvenile programs and services in Canadian County. After questions were raised about the use of the tax revenue for programs and services, rather than just for the juvenile justice facilities, the attorney general issued an opinion that the referendum did not authorize use of the tax for the funding of programs, salaries, and expenses related to operation of the juvenile bureau or even certain aspects of the physical facilities. In view of the opinion, the Board of County Commissioners stopped using the revenue for that purpose. Some citizens of the county challenged the Board’s actions and sought a declaratory judgment seeking to find the opinion invalid and not a legal basis for the Board to cease using proceeds from the tax to fund the ongoing juvenile programs and services. The trial court issued a temporary restraining order and the Board appealed.
The Oklahoma Supreme Court noted that Oklahoma statutes authorize a county to impose a sales tax through a referendum procedure. The statute states, “The county shall identify the purpose of the sales tax when it is presented to the voters.” The court found that the citizens’ injury was a direct result of the attorney general’s opinion. “An Opinion of the Attorney General is binding on those officials affected by it,” but the attorney general’s opinion is not binding on a court. In this case, the court examined the resolution approved by the voters, including the language stating that the measure was an emergency one “by reason of said County being without adequate funds with which to furnish required public services.” The court also cited an earlier attorney general opinion for the proposition that “a reasonable measure of flexibility is allowed in a statement describing how tax proceeds will be spent, as long as the general purpose of the proposition is approved by the voters.” In light of this prior opinion and the testimony of local public officials as to the intentions of the drafters of the referendum, the court held that the citizens were entitled to a temporary restraining order, thus freeing the Board to continue funding the programs out of the tax revenues. 9
A final decision, out of Texas, addressed the question of whether an assistant attorney general (AAG) was protected under the state’s Whistleblower Act. A Texas AAG alleged that two senior attorneys in her section sought to coerce her to commit perjury regarding her interactions with a judge. She refused. The attorney general’s policy requires an employee to report a potential criminal violation to his or her division chief, who must then refer it to the OAG’s Office of Special Investigations for further action. Under that policy, employees may not launch their own investigation or, absent exigent circumstances, refer a criminal violation to outside law enforcement and may be disciplined for not following the policy. The AAG reported the matter to her division chief, was assured that there would be an investigation, and was told not to discuss the matter. She alleged that she was eventually fired in retaliation for her report.
The state’s Whistleblower Act creates an exception to the state’s sovereign immunity and allows suit by “a public employee who in good faith reports a violation of law by the employing governmental entity or another public employee to an appropriate law enforcement authority.” Tex. Gov’t Code § 554.002(a). An appropriate law enforcement authority is defined as one that the employee “in good faith” believes can regulate under or enforce the law alleged to be violated or investigate or prosecute a violation of criminal law. The trial court found that the AAG could invoke the Whistleblower Act, and the court of appeals affirmed. The attorney general appealed.
The Texas Supreme Court, citing earlier cases, overruled the lower courts.
An authority’s power to discipline its own or investigate internally does not support a good-faith belief that it is an appropriate law-enforcement authority. . . . Instead, the authority must have outward-looking powers. “[I]t must have authority to enforce, investigate, or prosecute violations of law against third parties outside of the entity itself, or it must have authority to promulgate regulations governing the conduct of such third parties.”
In addition, a policy requiring reports to supervisors within the agency is not sufficient for a good-faith belief that the employer is an appropriate law enforcement authority. According to the court, “Although such a policy permits employees to reasonably believe reports will be sent to an appropriate law-enforcement authority, it provides no reason to believe the reported-to supervisors are appropriate authorities.”
The court held that the AAG’s report to her division chief did not fit the criteria for protection under the Whistleblower Act. She had no reason to believe that her division chief would be able to investigate the report as a crime, nor did the division chief have the authority to “regulate under or enforce the law alleged to be violated.” The AAG argued that this interpretation gave employees in the attorney general’s office no safe way to report criminal violations because, under the policy, they would risk discipline for contacting a law-enforcement authority. The court found that the Whistleblower Act would protect an employee in those circumstances and that the OAG policy cannot do what the act prohibits by disciplining an employee in those circumstances.
The AAG also argued that the OAG handles some criminal law matters and, thus, is an appropriate law-enforcement authority. The court disagreed, stating, “The authority of some OAG divisions to investigate or prosecute crime does not transform the entire OAG into an appropriate law-enforcement authority. . . . An entire agency does not become an appropriate law-enforcement authority merely because some divisions have such power.” The AAG’s report did not meet the requirements of the Whistleblower Act, and the state was therefore immune from suit.10
1 2015 Ariz. App. Unpub. LEXIS 964 (Ariz. Ct. App. July 30, 2015).
2 City of Tempe v. State of Arizona,351 P.3d 367 (Ariz. Ct. App. June 4, 2015).
3 Google, Inc. v. Hood, 94 F. Supp. 3d 584 (S.D. Miss. 2015)
4 Wilkins v. Offices of the Missouri Attorney General,464 S.W.3d 271 (Mo. Ct. App. 2015).
5 Dunivan v. Missouri,466 S.W.3d 514 (Mo. 2015).
6 Missouri v. Charter Communications, Inc, 461 S.W.3d 851 (Mo. Ct. App. 2015).
7 In the Matter of Eric T. Schneiderman, 2015 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 1732, 2015 NY Slip Op 30851(U) (N.Y. Sup. Ct. May 18, 2015).
8 State of Ohio Department of Health v. Mayfly Tavern, 35 N.E.3d 588 (Ohio Ct. App. 2015).
9 Edwards v. Board of County Commissioners, 2015 OK 58 (Okla. 2015).
10 Office of the Attorney General v. Weatherspoon, 472 S.W.3d 280 (Tex. 2015).

domain: law


Sydney, Sept 12 (ANI): Australian all-rounder Steve Smith has said that he prefers to focus on his batting, adding that his leg-breakers are nothing more than a 'handy tool in his box'.
Smith played all five Ashes Tests in England and capped the series off with an unbeaten 138 The Oval despite being a late addition to Australia's Ashes squad, and also became Australia's youngest Ashes centurion since former captain Ricky Ponting.
According to News.com.au, although Smith is also Australia's second-highest Test run-scorer this year after skipper Michael Clarke, he also contributed with the ball, which troubled England batsman Ian Bell, whom he dismissed twice in one Test.
However, Smith said that he preferred to be a batting all-rounder and wants to concentrate on his batting, although he added that he also needs to keep working on improving his bowling as it is a 'pretty handy thing' to have in his box of talents.
According to Smith, he is hoping to get some volume and consistency in his bowling, adding that he will use his break before a potential trip to India followed by the return Ashes series to work on his spin bowling with former Test spinner Stuart McGill.
A minor quad strain ruled Smith out of Australia's one-day series against England, but he has already resumed training with New South Wales and will be available for at least the first Ryobi Cup match on September 29, the report added. (ANI)


Discussion in 'General Gun Discussions' started by Corpral_Agarn, Mar 25, 2020.
Very nice condition! Looks like it just came from the arms room!
That one looks to be in really good condition.
Id probably go ahead and clear coat it and use it.....but thats me.
Cool as all get out for sure.
No, my son just snapped a picture on his Samsung and added some filters. Came out good enough that I use it for a screensaver now.
My meager Walther Collection.......
I have a Brand New 8 MM barrel for one of these things that was given to me!
Gift from a friend out to the firing line today for the first time. I'd forgotten how fast black powder gunks up!
1979 vintage Security Six:
1984 Redhawk in 357:
PP Super! You don't see those every day!
She still needs to be re-sighted in. I glass bedded it & sent it to Badger to have the bottom metal milled out.
Might as well be the one I shot today. My RDB, standing, offhand at 25 yards, XM193, 20 rounds.
And what I shot yesterday-my Steel Challenge shooter. Ruger 22/45 Lite.
Would like to see the crests on those k98s?? They look very nice
The lower rifle is a dot 44 the top rifle is a MilTech refurbished and a worse mistake than a Mitchell Mauser as to value versus price. You'll note the stock is an Israeli made one.
I was unaware of MIltech 98s till you mentioned them.. So did some looking.. got alot of opinions let me ask you what you thought of them???
Would you ever get another?? I my self never get into the refurbed rifles.. But if the price is lower I would like to get a Mitchels for the mell of it and because I so not have one.. Any thing that shoots 8mm Mauser can not be bad...
I inherited the rifles.
The MilTech was terrible. but looked nice from a distance. Scrubbed of most acceptance stamps and a big gouge across the top of the receiver. The stock was an Israeli replacement. No way worth $650 20 plus years ago.
Aren't the Mitchell's all sold out?
I has a 48 nice solid rifle but nothing more.
Mitchell's is done for now, but there is the secondary market, and the price can be lower there.. yeah I know Mitchells have some collectors issues, but I always look at them as the kind of rifle you would get someone that wanted a clean military war rifle that does not care about the history that much.. at the time I did not want one, but they are nice eye candy.
A pair of .45 Colts.
.22LR, .380 acp and 7.65mm pre war.
So yeah, I posted this pic in the handguns sub-forum as well, but I found it mildly amusing today, as I sat on the back deck reading when I realized the knife I was packing was bigger than the gun I was wearing ...
Those VZ grips have me pining for a set for a 586!
I’m still thinking about a set for my 69. I really like them.
Thank you Borsalino. That’s a 329PD with a set of VZ co version grips.
Springfield '03 Remington made in 1942
Separate names with a comma.


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Jim wasn't very concerned after noticing a small spot on his chest. However, a biopsy revealed that Jim had melanoma. He explains just how dangerous that spot really was and how the diagnosis has impacted his family.
Wayne went 20 years in a row without taking a sick day until he received a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Find out about the various types of treatment he received and how he was able to remain mentally strong.
Myron Czuczman, MD, Professor of Oncology and Head of the Lymphoma/Myeloma Service at Roswell Park, marks Leukemia & Lymphoma Awareness Month by stopping by the Roswellness Radio studios to share information about these cancers of the bl
Roswell Park is teaming up with the Buffalo Bills to make it easier than ever to "know your stats." In collaboration with the American Urological Association Foundation's Know Your Stats about Prostate Cancer® campaign, our Prostate Cancer Team will be hosting free prostate cancer education and s

domain: medical


text:
Would you like to develop your drawing and painting skills and create some amazing artwork in a range of media? Then this is the club for you! Experiment with various techniques in a fun, friendly environment.
Tutor: Hannah Ellis
Date & Time: Tuesdays, 3:45pm - 5:45pm
Venue: Albright Studio, New Brewery Arts
REF: ACC46 -19
PRICE: £160.00 (£0.00 VAT)
Children aged 11 - 13 years old.
What you will need:
All materials and tools included.
First Class: Tuesday 24th September
No Class: Tuesday 29th October
Last Class: Tuesday 3rd December

domain: hobby


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domain: finance


text:
- This event has passed.
St. Jude E-Championship
- This event is a virtual tournament, allowing archers from all over Indiana to compete from the socially-distanced comfort of their own schools.
- This event will be held at Burge Terrace Baptist Church. BTHE and BTBC staff are preparing a tournament range to accommodate your safety and comfort.
- This is a NASP sanctioned tournament, and will follow all rules and regulations for tournament competition. Scores will be uploaded to the NASP website at the end of competition.
- There will be three flights, with Flight 1 starting at 12:00. For this inaugural event, ALL archers must arrive by 11:15 for check-in… no matter when your flight is scheduled.
- Entry fee is $6, payable now. Cash or checks (payable to “Burge Terrace”) can be sent with your archers to practice – all payments go through me for team accounting. I will then present to the hosting school.
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital is sponsoring this charity event. Entry fees will be donated to St. Jude in the name of Burge Terrace Home Educators.
- Opt Out date is Tuesday, 11/16.
- Parents and family are encouraged to attend and watch their archers compete. Concessions are planned.
Tournament Entry Procedures (from the Handbook):
- All Archery Program members are BTHE Archery Team members. All archers are expected to attend all competitive tournaments.
- All tournaments have an ‘opt out’ date. Tournament entry fees must be paid to Coach Lucas in advance of the ‘opt out’ date or the archer will be dropped from the event.
- Archers may remove themselves from an event and have fees refunded if done so prior to the tournament ‘opt out’ date. There are no refunds after the ‘opt out’ date.
This first BTHE tournament is very special. Not only will it be a comfortable introduction to tournament play for our archer families, but there may also be a surprise or two. Please make every effort to spend this important afternoon with us!


A new analysis conducted by the Center for American Progress has found that LGBT immigrants are consistently detained by Immigration & Customs Enforcement, (ICE) even when ICE’s own system recommends release. Sharita Gruberg, CAP Senior Policy Analyst who authored the report stated, “Despite commendable improvements to the immigration detention system in recent years, the data we collected from ICE’s own records show that its detention decisions when considering LGBT immigrants are rife with discrimination. Studies have shown that non-heterosexual persons in prisons or jails are up to 10 times more likely to face sexual assault than heterosexual detainees & nearly 40 percent of transgender detainees were sexually assaulted. In two out of the three cases in 2014 with an explicit release recommendation, ICE officials overruled ICE’s own automated Risk Classification Assessment system & instead chose to keep LGBT persons detained, often without bond & at greater personal risk than members of other communities.” According to the report a study by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Office of the Inspector General found that ICE officials overrode explicit RCA recommendations only 7.6 percent of the time for the general population but the rate for LGBT immigrants was nearly 20 percent. In only 16 percent of overall cases, the RCA tool gave discretion to ICE officials on whether to detain. That number is contrasted with the 64 percent in LGBT cases.
Read Full Report…
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The Challenger was first released as a concept back in 2006 while a year later it was released on the market as a production vehicle. A successor for it has been in the works for some time but unfortunately, it seems that it still is a few years away. This is a very strange move because both Ford and Chevrolet released their all new muscle cars. Dodge wasn’t able to because the FCA group has been focusing on the crossover in the past few years which certainly gave them a few problems. This means that the 2017 Dodge Challenger, the car everyone was expecting, is going to be nothing more than just a very light update of the previous model.
2017 Dodge Challenger Release Date
It’s true successor will be out on the market starting with 2018 or 2019, so this model will have to do until then. The sad part is that Ford had its new Mustang out for more than two years while the new Camaro has been out for more than one. Both of these are better, more efficient, faster and cheaper cars than the Challenger. This small update is expected to bring some small price cuts to the entire range as well as a few upgrades inside the cabin. Besides that, the looks, engines, and even the running gear are all expected to stay the same. Until 2018 when the new model will be released, the Challenger is highly likely not going to receive any additional attention from the FCA group.
2017 Dodge Challenger Specs
Just like before, the 2017 Dodge Challenger is going to hit the market with a selection of engines aimed pretty much at everyone. For those looking for relatively good fuel efficiency and decent performance, a 3.6 liter naturally aspirated V6 offering 305 horsepower and 268 lb-ft of torque is available. Further up the range, a 5.7 liter HEMI naturally aspirated V8 is also going to be offered. This will remain unchanged from the 2015 model with its 370 horsepower and 398 lb-ft of torque. The 6.4 liter V8 will follow the same recipe meaning it will continue to offer 485 horsepower and 475 lb-ft of torque.
While all of these engines would be adequate for most, the Challenger still weighs a lot more than any of its competitors. On top of that, its suspension is mostly ancient being based on a Mercedes design that is two decades old. The good part is that the old 5-speed automatic was finally replaced by an 8 speed ZF box which is smoother and faster than before.
The Hellcat is going to be carried over unchanged. This will still use the 6.2 liters supercharged HEMI V8 with its 707 horsepower and 650 lb-ft of torque. Thanks to it, 0 to 60 MPH will come in less than 3 seconds and it will be able to hit more than 200 MPH, so it will still be one of the faster muscle cars out there.
Exterior and Interior Changes
Like we mentioned above, unfortunately, the car’s interior and exterior are going to remain unchanged. This is not that great because the interior of the 2017 Dodge Challenger will look, and feel, outdated and not that comfortable despite all that space it has to offer. The good part is that a new infotainment unit is finally going to be installed but the rather bad seats are not going to be replaced which really is a shame. Some other features might be switched around in the available equipment groups but nothing else major should change. Its design should stay basically the same as before. We might see a few new color schemes from Dodge but so far they haven’t said anything about those rumors.


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I'm very excited to be joining in with Vic's old/new/re-given meme.
I was having a bit of a tidy up, and saw the chance to make this shelf up (actually the top of a cabinet, but hey, you use what you have)
all my fave vintage stuff from oppys, and I believe a vintage recipe file I received in a giveaway from the meme host herself!
see over here from some more followers of the meme.
Oh I love it all Bec! Shelf, cabinet top, whatevs. ;)
Thanks for playing... halfway in Blogtoberfest... phew...!
Wow - love it all Bec!
Oh, that is one fabulous shelf you have there!
Wow, loads of gorgeous stuff up there!
Love all your retro items. Cherrie
What a great collection. x
Retrolicious! Love it.
Love the spice cannisters. I picked up a similar jug at the oppy this week. Love your little collection
Lovely collection of retro goodies!
Very sweet spice canisters. I think my Mum had the Flour, tea etc the same colour.
LOVE the spice canisters and the little mushroom pot. So cute. :)
looks great, love the little yellow set
Beautiful Bec, love everything :)
gorgeous! love those cannisters :)
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What did I do with the toothbrushes? Oh, yeah, the box in the loft outside the bedroom. Ah, here’s the toothpaste in the same box. The liquid soap dispenser I need to wash my face is in the other box. I locate a chair with towels to complete my morning ablutions. I am now reminded of being on a trip and living out of a suitcase. It is way early in the morning and this is much more mental effort than I am used to. But such is the lot of someone living through a room-painting project.
Little confusions around the place are a part of the re-decoration process. I get that. Maybe that’s why I am always so hesitant to change things around the house. Or maybe it is inertia. Becky and I talk off and on about re-painting this space or that, but then the details come up: choosing the color, prepping the walls, locating brushes, drop cloths, tape, and so on. Soon the idea of setting a painting plan in motion passes. We move on to other projects or at least to thinking about other projects.
But as it has tended to do for so many people in so many ways, pandemic isolation has resulted in many changes in our lives. For the last few years, the dark months of January and February are the excuse we have used to fly away on a trip somewhere brighter and warmer. Although this year we have zero desire to get on a plane, we still dream about trips to faraway places. Maybe this dream is how the painting idea actually began to happen.
During last January’s trip to Chile we stayed a few days in Puerto Varas. It is a spectacular area of volcanoes and rushing waters with challenging hiking trails and dramatic scenery. Of course we took photos including some of blue water charging through channels of black volcanic rock. It was the blue of the water that left an impression on us as we stood watching. Later in the hotel we reviewed our pictures. “That would be a good color for our bathroom,” Becky said.
Fast forward a few months and we are in the hardware store paint department checking out the color-filled displays of paint chips. She had continued carrying the blue of the Chilean waters in her mind. “I think one of the blues in this group is it,” she said, fanning out a few samples for me to see. Later, we compared the pics we took with the colors and decided on a blue paint Valspar calls “Fresh Basin.” Now it was time to get the process started.
We found a paint tray, a roller and brushes to fit on it. We had some rolls of blue painter tape that would work and dragged out a couple of old sheets to serve as drop cloths. I lugged ladders up the stairs. We drove back to the hardware for spackle, fresh brushes and a gallon of paint. We removed pictures and hardware from the walls and filled boxes with our array of bathroom bottles then carried them to other rooms. It seems like we spent a lot of time taping the edges of things.
And then we painted.
It is the morning of the second day and it is almost over. Running a bright light over the new blue walls looking for areas to touch up, replacing light switch plates, deciding which things we want to put back and which things we don’t. By this time tomorrow, I should be able to stumble into my morning routine without thinking too much about it. And as I eventually become aware of my surroundings, I will look around me and remember the wondrous blue waters of Chile.
Norman Knight, a retired Clark-Pleasant Middle School teacher, writes this weekly column for the Daily Journal. Send comments to [email protected].


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Portobello Mushroom (V)
Roasted Portobello mushrooms, San Marzano tomato, garlic oil, Cornish oregano, sea salt
(GLUTEN, SULPHITES, DAIRY)
eLOV aim to get you item delivered to you within the hour from you requested time. Please add your delivery details at checkout.
Delivery by cargo bike to Macclesfield and surrounds – including, West Park, South Park – use ‘what3words’ to give us precise location or full address at checkout.

domain: geography


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It's now seven days to fiscal sanity, or is it the alternative? It is do or die with an October 23rd deadline. A deal to save Europe, which has to be done in seven days, and France and Germany have to do the heavy lifting. The G-20 told the EU that they have one week to come up with a "comprehensive plan" that includes the details on how much of a haircut Greek bondholders will have to take and a plan to recapitalize all of the debt ridden European banks. It seems that all are agreed and Europe will be saved yet again.
Yet not so fast. Perhaps that seven day deadline is not as hard and fast as the markets at first believed. Dow Jones said that German Finance Minister Schauble said the upcoming EU summit will not present an ultimate solution for the crisis. What?
The bottom line is that oil is living and dying with the twists and turns in this European nightmare. If Europe fails to come up with a viable plan then the word sinks back into crisis mode and the demand for oil will plummet.
Iranian revelations are also disturbing. Fears that perhaps this could escalate to some type of military conflict could keep some upward pressure on the Brent WTI spread.
Phil Flynn is senior energy analyst for PFGBest Research and a Fox Business Network contributor. He can be reached at (800) 935-6487 or at email@example.com.


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Over the past few weeks i have seen a variety of shoulder injuries walk through the door. Sometimes as a result of a sporting injury or others due to changes in load in a training program. Over the next few weeks we will look at each of the injuries below- the mechanism of injury, the structures involved, assessment, treatment and prognosis. For now, here is a little taster of some of the injuries we see here at Physiotherapy in Motion Perth in Osborne Park.
Anatomy of the Shoulder
The shoulder is one of the bodies most complex structures. Compromised of three joints. The glenohumeral joint (ball and socket), acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) and scapulothoracic joint (your shoulder blade). These structures are surrounded by muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and cartilage. If injured any number of these structures can lead to pain, discomfort and restriction of movement.
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis and Teres Minor) that surround the glenohumeral joint with the primary function of dynamic stability. Due to the way the tendons insert onto to bone their roles are highly interrelated.
Supraspinatus: Primary Function= Abduction
Infraspinatus: Primary Function= External Rotation
Teres Minor: Primary Function: External Rotation
Subscapularis: Primary Function= Internal Rotation
Rotator Cuff Tear
The rotator cuff tendons can be prone to tears, either through acute injury or degenerative changes. This can directly affect mobility, strength and your ability to complete both everyday and sport related activities.
Sub Acromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS)
Is a diagnosis that is used to describe a non-traumatic shoulder pain and may include a range of potential structures within the sub acromial space that may be contributing to your symptoms. Including the sub acromial bursa, rotator cuff tendons and the long head of biceps. You may notice pain when lifting your arm to the side or up above your head.
Usually occur as a result of a traumatic injury, the shoulder can “pop” out forwards (anteriorly) or backwards (posteriorly), it is often very painful and requires urgent medical attention to relocate the shoulder.
Labral Tear (SLAP Tear)
SLAP tears are injuries that occur to the labrum (the cartilage within the shoulder) with the biceps tendon often being involved.
The acromio- clavicular joint is comprised of the distal end of the clavicle (collar bone) and the acromion. It is often injured through a traumatic event such as falling on to an outstretched arm. Sometimes a deformity can be seen or palpated as the distal end of the collar bone can may be raised.
Subjective: A detailed history needs to be taken to help the clinician determine the source of symptoms, the mechanism of injury and any other medical conditions or previous injuries need to be explored to determine if they are having impact on the patients symptoms.
Objective: Range of movement, strength, sensation, posture, motor patterns are just some of the things that will need to be assessed to help determine the source of symptoms.
Depending on the injury, there a range of treatments that may prove to be beneficial in reducing pain and restoring full function of the shoulder. These can include massage, joint mobilisation, dry needling, taping, rehabilitation programs and in some cases post-operative rehabilitation programs. Each treatment plan being specifically
Next week we will specifically look at Labral Tears (SLAP)- the anatomy, symptoms, assessment, treatment and rehabilitation exercises.
Physiotherapist and Exercise Physiologist
Owner Physiotherapy in Motion Perth
7/97 Hector Street West, Osborne Park 6017


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Eskom has experienced a total of 44 043 electrical infrastructure theft incidents from the 2018-19 financial year to date.
This was revealed by Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan.
Responding to parliamentary questions from DA MP Jacques Smalle, who asked about the theft of transformers and sabotage of electrical infrastructure between the 2019-20 and 2022-23 financial years.
Gordhan’s response showed that KwaZulu-Natal recorded the most electrical infrastructure theft incidents at 8 598 over the six-year period, followed by the Eastern Cape with 7 129 and Gauteng 7 030.
Limpopo recorded 4 691 incidents, North West 4 522, Mpumalanga 4 433, the Free State 3 345 and the Northern Cape 2 544. The Western Cape recorded the lowest number of theft incidents at 1 751.
Gordhan said there were 232 transformer theft cases reported in the 2022-23 financial year.
Mpumalanga recorded the highest with 85 incidents, followed by Gauteng (75), Limpopo (43), North West (13), and the Free State (6).
There were three each in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, while the Northern Cape recorded one case in the same period.
Eskom incurred R18.9 million in losses due to the theft of transformers in 2022-23.
“A direct loss of R18 953 668.45 was reported relating to theft of transformers,” Gordhan said.
The amount did not cover the 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22 financial years.
Gordhan also revealed that the total number of failed transformers across the nine provinces due to theft was 1 347 as of February 9.
He said failed transformers were replaced daily, while failures as a result of theft and vandalism also take place frequently.
“The main causes of these transformer failures include overloading, which occurs when customers have tampered with or bypassed their meters, illegal connections which have bypassed the fuses and breakers that are meant to protect the transformer from overloading, as well as theft and vandalism.
“Eskom remains committed to replacing failed transformers soon after tamper fines have been paid by the customers and the replacement criteria have been met,” the minister said.
Gordhan said there were a number of actions being taken to restore and protect the electrical infrastructure.
He said there was collaboration with SAPS, the State Security Agency, and National Prosecuting Authority, national and provincial joint operational and intelligence structures for continued support regarding crime prevention, disruptive operations, intelligence gathering, investigations, arrests and prosecutions.
Gordhan said there was also implementation of technology to inform security designs for substations, powerlines and all Eskom facilities, while Eskom was “continually assessing threats and risks with appropriate plans for high-risk sites”.
He added that there was collaboration with communities to create awareness, and encouraged them to pay for electricity and take ownership.
The power utility was partnering with the private security industry through enabling contracts.
According to Gordhan, there was also strengthening of governance among the private security role-players that conduct business with Eskom, and conducting of risk assessments and identification and classification of high-value assets and high-risk sites.


My brain can barely process the stupidity of the Houston Texans.
It’s one thing when John Schneider can work a deal that sees the Texans give away Jadeveon Clowney to the Seattle Seahawks while still paying almost half his salary, it’s another thing when the Arizona Cardinals swoop in and take advantage of Bill O’Brien’s galaxy-brained general manager decision-making and land DeAndre Hopkins.
The Cardinals have traded for one of the best wide receivers in all of football and while there is more involved than the initial framework suggests, Houston will get potentially washed up running back David Johnson and his $10.2 million base salary and a second-round pick, while Arizona gets DEANDRE HOPKINS and a late-round pick.
Framework of trade still being finalized, sources tell ESPN:— Adam Schefter (@AdamSchefter) March 16, 2020
Cardinals get DeAndre Hopkins and a late-round pick.
Texans get David Johnson and a second-round pick.
Other picks involved, but Hopkins wanted a new deal that Arizona can provide.
The Texans didn’t even get a first-round pick out of this, seeing as they sold off half the city of Houston to get Laremy Tunsil.
Arizona quietly finished 13th in offensive DVOA last season, and that’s with not a lot of great wide receiver talent and an offensive line that was way better in the run game than the passing game. How did that run game get better? While among other schematic changes made my Kliff Kingsbury, they sent David Johnson to the bench and Kenyan Drake proved to be a much better fit, and he got the transition tag on Monday. Houston decided they needed ANOTHER running back in addition to David Johnson, creating the “Johnson and Johnson” backfield.
Kyler Murray now has DeAndre Hopkins in the prime of his career and the Seahawks defense has to see him twice a year for at least the next few seasons.
John Schneider should be on the phone right now figuring out how Seattle can get Houston’s other best non-Deshaun Watson players but for 2023 conditional draft picks and a Dick’s hamburger.


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On Tuesday, federal officials executed search warrants at several California treatment centers operated by Sovereign Health as well as its San Clemente office, according to the LA Times. San Clemente-based Vendanta Laboratories is also being investigated, according to the San Clemente Times. It is unclear what the affiliation is between Sovereign and the toxicology lab. No arrests were made.
In the current climate of increased scrutiny, more treatment centers are coming under investigation for everything from patient brokering to unnecessary urine drug testing.
Industry observers remember that Tonmoy Sharma, currently CEO of Sovereign, had his medical license revoked by Britain’s General Medical Council in 2008 for misrepresenting his professional qualifications, poorly run clinical trials and for performing “unethical drug tests on mentally ill patients,” as stated by the U.K.’s Telegraph newspaper.
Sharma was speaking at a panel discussion in Rhode Island on Tuesday and was not reported to be present during the searches.
Among its U.S. facilities, Sovereign has had ongoing not-in-my-back-yard issues.
Late last year, Sovereign filed a complaint against San Clemente residents who objected to a sober home in their neighborhood and allegedly trespassed on the property and verbally threatened the residents there. In Florida earlier this year, the organization won a legal dispute with the city of Fort Meyers, alleging the city violated zoning statutes related to sober living residences. Sovereign settled with the city for $149,000.
Sovereign Health is accredited by the Joint Commission and is a member of the San Clemente Chamber of Commerce. Its locations include treatment centers in Arizona, California, Utah, Texas and Florida.


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Posts with tag "hank baskett iv"
- Posted Jun 10th 2010 at 08:00 PM by Jo Piazza
Kendra Wilkinson has been desperate to rebrand herself from a nudie model and trashy reality star into a domesticated diva, albeit one who still prances around in booty shorts. But, if she thought her comments to Ryan Seacrest about how her sex tape could be a learning tool to teach her now infant son, Hank IV, right from wrong would endear her to the mommy set, she was sorely mistaken. "Now...
Popeater Hot Topics
- Mary-Kate Olsen's Vintage Engagement Ring: What It Cost, Where It's From and More
- Djuan Trent, a Former Miss Kentucky, Comes Out as 'Queer'
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- Who knew? Surprising celebrity facts
- Stars' sneaky skin-showing tricks
- ?Noah' director Darren Aronofsky: The controversy 'will all disappear' when audiences see the film
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- American Idol Elimination: Find Out Who Was Voted Off—Plus, Harry Connick Jr. Defends His "Harsh" Critiques

domain: celebrity


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The secret to understanding fluids and electrolytes for nursing school is NOT memorizing all the lab values and normal ranges.
Instead, it’s understanding each contributing player, so that you can begin to understand and imagine how they all work together. That’s the part of fluids and electrolytes you need to master before you will ever feel confident enough to learn the more advanced nursing school topics in Med-Surg.
The body is filled with semi-permeable membranes, like blood vessels. That means that certain things (but not everything) can cross those barriers.
Understanding how fluids and other “stuff” (a highly technical term I use to refer to electrolytes, protein, glucose, etc ?) move around the body and across semi-permeable membranes is a complex dance…and it’s essential to understand if you want to do well in nursing. In fact, it’s the core of what it means to master fluids and electrolytes in nursing school.
Luckily, it’s not so hard to understand IF you can identify and understand the most important information.
What are the key factors that influence the body’s ability to adjust fluid and electrolytes?
Here’s the 4 most important things you need to know about passive movement of fluids and electrolytes in the body:
- Osmosis: Osmosis relates to the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane. The water (fluid) wants to balance out the “stuff” (electrolytes etc) as much as it can to make everything equal. So if there’s more stuff on Side A of the semi-permeable membrane then there is on Side B, then more water will move to Side A until the “stuff” is equally diluted. Click here to see a cool experiment of osmosis in action.
- Diffusion: Diffusion relates to the movement of “stuff”. Generally speaking, “stuff” likes to have it’s own personal space. So whenever you have a group of “stuff”, they will spread out as much as possible…and in the human body, that often means that they’re spreading out within some sort of fluid. You can learn more (and get a great visual) on this blog post.
- Hydrostatic pressure: Hydrostatic pressure relates to the movement of fluid, and how strongly it is “squeezed”. The higher the pressure, the harder the fluid pushes to move out of that area…if it can. It’s like a water balloon…if there’s no hole, the water can’t leave the area. But if there’s even a tiny hole, then the high hydrostatic pressure pushes the water out hard and fast. However, as the water leaves, the hydrostatic pressure decreases, and the water gradually squirts out slower and gentler until it finally stops.
- Oncotic pressure: Oncotic pressure focuses on proteins in blood plasma. For nursing school purposes, we mainly need to think about albumin to get the basic idea, although there are technically other plasma proteins. Albumin is like a magnet when it comes to water, so it pulls water towards itself. Since Albumin is normally stuck inside blood vessels (it’s too big to pass through the semi-permeable membrane under normal circumstances), that means it is usually a force to pull and keep water inside the blood vessels.
Once you master these 4 basic ideas about passive movement of fluids and electrolytes, nursing school will start to get easier because you will be able to understand anything from what happens when blood pressure increases (hello edema!), all the way through the acute complications of a major burn injury (like hypovolemic shock).
Now, what I haven’t told you yet is that reviewing this foundational info is the very first step of the Silver Bullet Study System. I call it the Foundational 15, because you focus on one smaller topic (instead of trying to memorize All.The.Things. at the same time…), and you only spend 15 minutes reviewing it before moving on to other topics so that you still have time to study the things you’ll need for your next exam, too.
The best way to get the Silver Bullet Study System is by joining the Your Nursing Tutor VIP Membership…then you’ll be able to follow this easy, 4-step study system that lets you “kill 2 birds with 1 stone” as the old saying goes. And when you do this before every study session, you will be shocked at how quickly you start to feel more confident about fluids and electrolytes in nursing school.
Nicole is a Professional Nursing Tutor with over 15 years experience, and the founder of Your Nursing Tutor. She has a BSN, and an MA in Clinical Psychology. Nicole specializes in providing easy-to-follow, proven study methods (like the Silver Bullet Study System) that transform frustrated nursing students into calm, confident nurses! When she’s not helping students through her Live Tutoring Membership, Nicole loves spending time with her husband, homeschooling their 6 kids, and staring at sunflowers.