|Publication number||US4309196 A|
|Application number||US 06/216,251|
|Publication date||Jan 5, 1982|
|Filing date||Dec 15, 1980|
|Priority date||Dec 19, 1979|
|Also published as||CA1158544A, CA1158544A1, DE2951153A1, DE2951153C2|
|Publication number||06216251, 216251, US 4309196 A, US 4309196A, US-A-4309196, US4309196 A, US4309196A|
|Original Assignee||M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Aktiengesellschaft|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (16), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates generally to coal gasification apparatus and more particularly to apparatus for purifying the synthesis gas produced by coal gasification. Generally, speaking, apparatus of the type to which the present invention relates involves a generally vertically extending gas distribution chamber which is internally pressurized into which the synthesis gas leaving a reactor is introduced in order to be cooled.
Apparatus known from the prior art, for example German Offenlegungsschrift No. 25 56 370 for the purification of synthesis gas produced from coal gasification involves an arrangement wherein the synthesis gas leaving the reactor is cooled to a temperature at which liquid slag droplets of the synthesis gas are formed which are capable of being converted into slag grains during their movement in the apparatus.
The present invention is based upon a prior development disclosed in German Patent Application No. P 29 33 548.6-43 wherein an apparatus of this type is disclosed which includes a coolant bath provided in the lower portion of the gas distribution chamber so that solid particles separated from the gas flow in the gas distribution chamber will fall into this coolant bath. In this case, cooling bodies project into the flow path of the gas in the gas distribution chamber, the cooling bodies forming cooling surfaces with the coolant of the bath being admitted to the cooling bodies.
The present invention is based upon the task of further development of apparatus of this generic type in such a manner that the temperature of the gas flow conveyed to the waste heat boiler arranged at the output of the apparatus can be varied within wider limits. Furthermore, the invention is directed toward the provision of means which make it possible to control the amount of the gas flow conveyed out of the gas distribution chamber into the waste heat boiler connected in the outlet wherein it must be considered that the gas flow is under a pressure of 40-80 bar and still has a temperature of 650° to 800° C. at the transition to the serially connected waste heat boiler.
Briefly, the present invention may be described as apparatus for the purification of synthesis gas produced during coal gasification comprising a vertical gas distribution chamber which is internally pressurized and wherein the synthesis gas leaving the reactor is cooled, a gas take-off line which opens into said gas distribution chamber and which extends at an angle therefrom to a serially connected waste heat boiler, and a coolant bath contained in the lower portion of the gas distribution chamber, said lower portion containing the coolant bath being arranged to receive a heat exchanger which is formed by tube coils located at the wall of the lower portion of the gas distribution chamber.
As a result of the arrangement of the heat exchanger in the lower portion of the gas distribution chamber which receives the coolant, the temperature of the coolant bath may be essentially controlled. For this purpose, it is only necessary to actuate the control element in the supply line of the heat exchanger.
In a second embodiment of the invention, there is provided an additional lateral gas take-off line wherein a controllable portion of the gas flow may be guided through the coolant bath. In this embodiment, evaporation of the coolant bath is prevented by controlling the temperature of the bath by means of the heat exchanger in the coolant bath. Since the heat exchanger forms, in the lower portion of the gas distribution chamber, a heating surface of a feed water heater, a substantial portion of the heat energy is recovered.
Additionally, by guiding a portion of the total amount of the gas flow through the coolant bath and by regulation of the temperature of the coolant bath, the gas flow can be provided with a desired water content as may be required for various chemical processes such as, for example, the production of ammonia.
The arrangement of the heat exchanger at the walls of the lower portion of the gas distribution chamber which receives the coolant does not impair the removal or drawing off of soot and slag particles from the coolant bath and sinking of the solid particles in the coolant bath is not impaired by the heat exchanger.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.
In the Drawings:
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation showing a first embodiment of the invention including a lateral gas take-off line in flow communication with a serially connected waste gas boiler; and
FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation of a second embodiment of the invention which includes an additional gas take-off line.
Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1 wherein there is depicted the first embodiment of the invention, the invention is shown as comprising a device for the purification of synthesis gas which includes a cylindrical outer jacket 1 having an upper, narrower portion 2 upon which there is placed a part 3 of the reactor from which the synthesis gas is received, with the narrow part 2 forming together with the appropriate portion of the reactor a transition line from the reactor into the gas distribution chamber of the apparatus. A reactor lining 5 may be connected with a short piece of pipe 6 which projects into a gas distribution chamber 4 defined within the outer jacket 1.
The flow of gas reaches the gas distribution chamber in a direction indicated by the arrow 7 and from there, in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the gas flows into a gas take-off line 9 in a direction indicated by the arrow 8. From this point, the gas is conducted to a serially connected waste heat boiler 10.
Gas flow in the gas distribution chamber 4 may be cooled by spray devices which are constructed in a manner known to those skilled in the art and which are not illustrated in FIG. 1. These are provided on the same level or beneath the transition portion 2 so that solid particles present in the gas flow will solidify and drop vertically through the chamber 4. Vertical heat exchanger tubes 11 which form a closed jacket are arranged near the inside of the jacket 1. The lower ends of the heat exchanger tubes 11 lead into a common annular pipe 12 which is supplied with a heat exchange medium through a pipe 13.
Vapor generated in the tubes 11 is removed at the upper end of the apparatus. The jacket of the heat exchanger tubes 11 is appropriately interrupted near the gas take-off line 9.
The lower portion 14 of the cylindrical outer jacket 1 is constructed with a bell-shaped configuration in the form of a pot or container within which a liquid bath 15 is provided. The level of the bath 15 is maintained higher than the level of the pipe 12. A collecting container 16 is connected beneath the lower portion 14 of the jacket 1. The container 16 operates to receive solid particles which have been separated from the liquid bath 15 and which have sunk therethrough. These solid particles may be drawn off from the container 16.
In the lower portion 14 of the apparatus, a heat exchanger 18 is arranged near a wall 17 of the apparatus. Heat exchange medium is supplied to the heat exchanger 18 through a pipe 19 and heated heat exchange medium is drawn off through a pipe 20. A control element 21 is arranged in the cold line 19.
The control element 21 may be either a valve or it may be constructed as a pump.
When the temperature of the gas flow in the gas distribution chamber 4 rises and if, with a constant amount of gas, gas of a lower temperature is to be supplied to the serially connected waste heat boiler, the flow rate through the heat exchanger 18 can be throttled so that the liquid in the bath 15 in the lower portion 14 of the apparatus will evaporate and so that the heat of evaporation may be removed from the gas flow. The pipes 19 and 20 are preferably connected to a feedwater container.
In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, there is again provided the gas distribution chamber 4 which is surrounded by a jacket of heat exchanger tubes 11 which in turn again is surrounded by the outer jacket 1. On the opposite side of the lateral gas take-off line 9, another gas take-off line 30 is provided which opens into the cylindrical jacket 1 of the apparatus. The gas take-off line 30 is arranged in such a manner that the level 31 of the liquid bath 15 which is above the annular pipe 12 extends further into the gas take-off line 30. It is also possible to provide other arrangements of the parts which will be suitable for conducting gas flow entirely or partially from the gas distribution chamber 4 through the liquid bath 15 into the gas take-off line 30.
In FIG. 2, the lower portion 14 of the jacket 1 of the apparatus is again formed with a tube coil heat exchanger 18 near the wall thereof as in FIG. 1. The other portions of the apparatus of the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in the lower portion of the heat exchanger correspond generally to the arrangement depicted in FIG. 1.
A control element 33 may be arranged in a suitable manner in the gas take-off line 32 connected to the waste heat boiler 10 arranged in flow communication with the line 9. The control element 33 may be operated to ensure that the gas flow will partially or entirely reach the line 9 or the line 30 from the gas distribution chamber after the gas, or the partial gas flow, has passed through the bath 15. When the gas flow is conducted through the bath 15 it takes up during this time a more or less great quantity of liquid vapor and in order to prevent evaporation of the liquid of the bath at this time the bath liquid is cooled by means of the heat exchanger 18.
The liquid level in the portion 14 can be controlled by the supply of liquid. Since the pressure in the gas take-off line 32 and in the subsequent line 30 to the feedwater heating boiler is about 0.3 to 0.5 bar lower than in the gas distribution chamber 4, the level of the liquid in the bath 15 in the gas take-off line 30 is at a corresponding height.
In order to be able to control gas flow from the gas distribution chamber 4 to the line 30, a control element 34 is arranged in the gas line 30. By means of the control element 34 a more or less large amount of the gas flow may be conducted in the direction of an arrow 35 through the liquid bath 15. The extent of evaporation of the liquid in the bath 15 is in this case controlled by a temperature control of the bath by means of the control element 21 of the heat exchanger 18 which is constructed as a tubular coil exchanger. Therefore, it forms a large exchanger surface area without impairing the ability of the solid particles to sink in the liquid bath.
Above the heat exchanger 18 there is provided another heat exchanger 36 having supply and take-off pipes 37, 38, with the heat exchanger 36 being controlled independently from the heat exchanger 18. This additional heat exchanger is surrounded by the lower portion 11a of the jacket of the heat exchanger tubes 11 in such a manner that gas flow entering the bath 15 is conducted through the bath at least over the height of the heat exchanger 36 and thus over approximately half the height of the bath 15.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4202672 *||Nov 25, 1977||May 13, 1980||Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.||Apparatus for gasification of finely divided fuel|
|US4220469 *||Aug 4, 1978||Sep 2, 1980||Firma Carl Still||Method for producing reduction gases consisting essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen|
|US4248604 *||Jul 13, 1979||Feb 3, 1981||Texaco Inc.||Gasification process|
|DE2705558A1 *||Feb 10, 1977||Aug 17, 1978||Ruhrchemie Ag||Verfahren und anlage zum vergasen von festen brennstoffen, insbesondere kohle durch partielle oxidation|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4377132 *||Feb 12, 1981||Mar 22, 1983||Texaco Development Corp.||Synthesis gas cooler and waste heat boiler|
|US4466384 *||Mar 7, 1983||Aug 21, 1984||Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Aktiengesellschaft||Arrangement for cooling a gas produced in a gasifier|
|US4478606 *||Sep 14, 1982||Oct 23, 1984||L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh||Substantially vertical apparatus for cooling process gases originating from a gasification process|
|US4478608 *||Sep 14, 1982||Oct 23, 1984||L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh||Method of treating process gases coming from a gasification reactor|
|US4513694 *||Jul 12, 1983||Apr 30, 1985||Willem Wiemer||Vertical radiation tank|
|US4520760 *||Apr 23, 1984||Jun 4, 1985||Combustion Engineering, Inc.||Heat exchanger outlet arrangement|
|US4535727 *||Jul 6, 1984||Aug 20, 1985||Sulzer Brothers Limited||Heat exchanger with adjustable platform for cleaning and repairing|
|US4643747 *||Aug 5, 1985||Feb 17, 1987||L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh||Reaction gas cooler for low-energy plants|
|US4671806 *||Jan 6, 1986||Jun 9, 1987||Shell Oil Company||Process and apparatus for cooling and purifying a hot gas containing slag particles|
|US4707163 *||Oct 29, 1985||Nov 17, 1987||Brennstoffinstitut Freiberg||Gasification of coal dust|
|US4749387 *||Dec 2, 1986||Jun 7, 1988||Bosch-Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh||Separator for solid particles entrained in a gas flow|
|US4948387 *||Nov 24, 1989||Aug 14, 1990||Texaco Inc.||Synthesis gas barrier and refractory support|
|US5011507 *||Jun 16, 1990||Apr 30, 1991||Shell Oil Company||Apparatus for cooling and purifying a hot gas|
|US5458859 *||Mar 18, 1994||Oct 17, 1995||Man Guthehoffnungshutte||Device for removing heavy metals and slags from synthesis gas produced from refinery wastes|
|US9051522 *||Nov 29, 2007||Jun 9, 2015||Shell Oil Company||Gasification reactor|
|US20080172941 *||Nov 29, 2007||Jul 24, 2008||Jancker Steffen||Gasification reactor|
|U.S. Classification||48/77, 48/67, 48/69, 122/32, 122/7.00R|
|International Classification||C10K1/04, C10J3/84, C10J3/48, C10K1/06|
|Cooperative Classification||Y02P20/129, C10J3/00, C10J3/84, C10J3/86|
|European Classification||C10J3/00, C10J3/84|
|Apr 7, 1981||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: M.A.N. MASCHINENFABRIK AUGSBURG-NURNBERG AKTIENGES
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:VOLLHARDT FROHMUT;REEL/FRAME:003843/0397
Effective date: 19801204
|Jun 17, 1985||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 8, 1989||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Jan 7, 1990||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Mar 27, 1990||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19900107


text:
Accommodation in Evansdale
Travelocity's helpful Evansdale lodging guide is just what you need when you're planning a trip to the area. You better book early though, since there are only a few accommodation options on offer.
The country's capital of Washington can be found roughly 840 miles (1352 kilometers) to the east of Evansdale.
Are you a sports enthusiast? You might want to travel 4 miles (6 kilometers) northwest of Evansdale to visit Young Arena. Enjoy some delicious snacks, meet some of the local people and chant until the last buzzer.
You'll be able to visit the University of Northern Iowa and the Wartburg College in Waterloo, only 3 miles (5 kilometers) away. Other inviting options include the College Square Mall and the Pheasant Ridge Golf Course in nearby Cedar Falls.
You'll come across the Tanger Outlets, the University of Iowa and the Rockwell Collins close to Cedar Rapids - Iowa City, a regional center which is 45 miles (72 kilometers) from Evansdale. The Coral Ridge Mall and the Iowa City Public Library are some additional choices.
Make a splash while experiencing Eastern Iowa by stepping outside your comfort zone with several recreational water activities, including swimming and boating.
Be sure to pack your thermals for this getaway! This area has a selection of exciting winter adventure activities, including snowboarding and skiing.
Get to know the culture and traditions behind this region's culinary customs. Make your vacation complete by heading to some of the local restaurants.
Turn your trip into a culinary expedition and try hot dogs or loose meat sandwich, two well-known meals in the region.
If you're after a delicious dessert, or even a secret afternoon snack, enjoy local treat, Cinnabon rolls.
Those who will be in the area close to the 4th of July ought to know that this is Independence Day, a countrywide festivity.
Waterloo Regional Airport is Evansdale's nearest major airport, and is situated 8 miles (13 kilometers) to the northwest.
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Up to $588 is yours in savings when you secure a package deal with us. “*Savings based on all vacation package bookings with Flight + Hotel on Travelocity.com from July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2016, as compared to price of the same components booked separately. Savings will vary based on origin/destination, length of trip, stay dates and selected travel supplier(s). Savings not available on all packages.”
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You can change any of your family's hotel accommodations with no hidden fees. You know what that means, right? Less for you to worry about. And as long as it is at least 3 days prior to your stay many hotels don't charge extra fees either. Terms and Conditions apply.
Situated in Evansdale, this hotel is within 9 mi (15 km) of Lost Island Waterpark, South Hills Golf Course, and Five Sullivan Brother Convention Center. Grout ...
Days Inn Evansdale Waterloo$62Days Inn Evansdale Waterloo$62
Situated near the airport, this hotel is within a 15-minute walk of Lost Island Waterpark and South Hills Golf Course. Grout Museum of History and Young Arena ...
Isle Of Capri Waterloo Casino & Hotel$89Isle Of Capri Waterloo Casino & Hotel$89
Located in the heart of Cedar Falls, this hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of Falls Aquatic Center, College Square Mall, and Gallagher Bluedorn Performing Arts Center. ...
Country Inn & Suites by Radisson, Cedar Falls, IA$86Country Inn & Suites by Radisson, Cedar Falls, IA$86
Situated on the Strip, this hotel is within 3 mi (5 km) of South Hills Golf Course, Lost Island Waterpark, and Grout Museum of History. Five Sullivan Brother ...
Country Inn & Suites by Radisson, Waterloo, IA$72Country Inn & Suites by Radisson, Waterloo, IA$72
Situated in Waterloo, this hotel is within a 5-minute walk of Five Sullivan Brother Convention Center, Phelps Youth Pavilion, and Waterloo Center for the Arts. ...
Ramada Waterloo Hotel and Convention Center$67Ramada Waterloo Hotel and Convention Center$67
Situated in Cedar Falls, this hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of College Square Mall and Falls Aquatic Center. Gallagher Bluedorn Performing Arts Center and University ...
Days Inn Cedar Falls - University Plaza$41Days Inn Cedar Falls - University Plaza$41
Situated in Cedar Falls, this hotel is within 3 mi (5 km) of Falls Aquatic Center, Gallagher Bluedorn Performing Arts Center, and College Square Mall. McLeod ...
AmericInn Lodge & Suites Cedar Falls$85AmericInn Lodge & Suites Cedar Falls$85
Situated in Cedar Falls, this hotel is within 6 mi (10 km) of Falls Aquatic Center, College Square Mall, and Gallagher Bluedorn Performing Arts Center. McLeod ...
Super 8 Cedar Falls$64Super 8 Cedar Falls$64
Situated in Waterloo, this hotel is within 3 mi (5 km) of Lost Island Waterpark, South Hills Golf Course, and Five Sullivan Brother Convention Center. Grout ...
Comfort Inn & Suites Waterloo - Cedar Falls$67Comfort Inn & Suites Waterloo - Cedar Falls$67

domain: geography


Swizz Beatz net worth is
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Swizz Beatz Net Worth, Biography & Wiki 2017
Kasseem Dean, to the audience known as Swizz Beatz, is a famous American record producer, hip hop artist, fashion designer and composer, as well as a music executive. In the music industry, Swizz Beatz is known both as a successful record producer who has worked with such artists as Cassidy, DMX, Alicia Keys and Jay-Z, and as a talented rap artist who debuted with his first studio album entitled “One Man Band Man” in 2007. The album that features guest performances from Jadakiss, Lil Wayne and R. Kelly debuted at #7 on the Billboard 200 chart and sold more than 159 000 copies to date. Considered to be among the greatest producers of all time, Swizz Beatz is responsible for producing the hit singles for DMX, namely “Party Up (Up in Here)”, Busta Rhymes’ “Touch It”, Beyoncé’s “Ring the Alarm” and many others.
Swizz Beatz Net Worth $65 Million
A famous singer and record producer, how rich is Swizz Beatz? In 2012, Swizz Beatz’s annual salary amounted to $7 million, while in 2013 it rose to $8.5 million. In addition to his salary, Swizz Beatz has a lot of valuable assets, including his SoHo apartment that cost $17.9 million, Mercedes McLaren the cost of which was $450 000, and a Maybach 62 valued at $427 000. So in regards to his wealth, Swizz Beatz’s net worth is estimated to be $65 million. Needless to say, most of Beatz’s net worth has come from his producing career, as well as his other business ventures.
Swizz Beatz was born in 1978, in The Bronx, New York City. Beatz started out his career as a disc jockey and was fairly successful at it. Unfortunately, due to his continuous violent behavior in high school, he had to move to Georgia where he started working for his uncles’ record label called “Ruff Ryders”. It was with “Ruff Ryders” that Swizz Beatz began producing tracks and made friends with DMX, to whom he sold one of his first tracks, which was later turned into a famous “Ruff Ryders’ Anthem” song.
Around the age of 19, Beatz had already produced songs for Jay-Z, Eve and the very first compilation album for Ruff Ryders. The majority of songs produced by Swizz Beatz topped the music charts and became instant hits. However, even though Swizz Beatz is an exceptional record producer, he expanded his career to encompass many other ventures.
In 2001, Beatz founded his own record label called “Full Surface Records” with Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Eve, Drag-On and Cassidy signed to it. In 2003, Beatz ventured into the fashion industry by becoming partnered with “Kidrobot”, a famous producer and retailer of designer toys and clothing. Later on, Swizz Beatz launched his own line of shoes under “Reebok’s” label. Both of these business ventures have made significant contributions to Swizz Beatz’ net worth and fame.
A famous record producer and designer, Swizz Beatz is also a talented painter. Beatz is not only fascinated with collecting paintings, but has been dabbling in painting himself. The proceeds from his paintings go directly to support “Children’s Cancer & Blood Foundation”.


text:
Written by Tah Peter Fomonyuy
With additional funds raised by Drs. Thomas and Edith Welty, the Life Abundant Primary Healthcare programme (LAP) and the Women’s Health Programme (WHP) Banso for the first time have successfully screened women for Cervical Cancer using CareHPV Test Technology at Lang Primary Health Centre (PHC) in Oku from May 4-5, 2016.
Following the screening, some 206 women out of over 400 that turned out self-collected their specimens for testing using the aforementioned technology at Baptist Hospital Mutengene (BHM). The results were expected to be out in a month’s time.
The WHP Coordinator for Banso Baptist Hospital (BBH), Ms. Futuh Beatrice says even though the collection of samples/specimens and further testing using CareHPV Test Technology are completely free of charge, those who test positive will have to pay a sum of FCFA 12,000 for further testing and treatment. Quizzed, Ms. Futuh told our journalist that they ran out of test kits, and will have to complete the screening sometime in June 2016 when the test kits are available.
LAP Administrator, Mr. Kakute Peter remarked that the screening at Lang PHC was a dream come true as it marks the pilot phase of a project that will see all LAP Primary Health Centres screened for cervical cancer using the CareHPV Test Technology. He marvelled at the massive turnout of women in Lang, Oku, stating that the screening is timely. He added that the second stage of the pilot phase of the screening will take place at Njinijou PHC.
A Laboratory Technician from BBH accompanied the team to Lang where HIV screening was equally carried out. Some 229 persons were tested and 4 came out to be HIV positive while one was undetermined. The positive cases were immediately handed over to Lang PHC staff for follow-up and initiation on ARVs at the Jikijem Baptist Health Centre.

domain: news


text:
A growing number of families are making dietary and lifestyle changes to improve their health today and help ensure good health in the future.
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Americans typically consume more calories than they need-without meeting the recommended intakes for a number of nutrients.
Thus people need to choose meals and snacks that are high in nutrients, but low to moderate in calories. Americans seem to be catching on; according to a survey by the Grocery Manufacturers Association, 73 percent of consumers are buying more nutritious and wholesome foods and beverages-such as yogurt-than in the past.
The Dannon Company has now listed the seven benefits of yogurt. From calcium and protein to active cultures and nutrients for growth, these benefits give the body an advantage today for tomorrow. Eating yogurt daily helps consumers:
1. Be Fit: Yogurt contains calcium, which can help with weight management.
2. Be Vital: Yogurt is a good source of protein for muscle maintenance.
3. Be Comfortable: Yogurt has active cultures that help milk digestion.

domain: food


text:
Frances Bean Cobain has released a post on Instagram detailing her problems with addiction and celebrating two years of sobriety.
The daughter of Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love has kept her additions secret up until this post where she detailed why she chose to keep her personal struggles secret.
The post begins: “I thought I would start this post by using a pure moment in Oahu amongst nature, with my love”. She continues: “This moment is a representation of who I am on February 13th, 2018. It feels significant here, now because it’s my 2nd sober birthday.”
Throughout the extensive post she revealed why she is posting about her sobriety now: “I think it’s more important to put aside my fear about being judged or misunderstood or typecast as one specific thing”.
She also notes what her responsibilities can be as a public figure: “I want to have the capacity to recognize & observe that my journey might be informative, even helpful to other people who are going through something similar or different. It is an everyday battle to be in attendance for all the painful, bazaar, uncomfortable, tragic, f—- up things that have ever happened or will ever happen”.
You can read the full caption below in Frances Bean Cobain’s full post.
Recently, Cobain shared a cover of the Leonard Cohen classic ‘Hallelujah’ over Instagram.
Along with her latest run through of the 1984 classic (later given a legendary cover by Jeff Buckley among many others), 2016 saw Frances Bean cover Jimmy Eat World’s pop punk anthem ‘The Middle‘ while dressed as Fred Flinstone.
Last year to mark what would have been Kurt Cobain’s 50th birthday, Frances Bean shared an emotional text message from her grandmother.

domain: psychology


text:
Daisy James THE PAGODA BLACK
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domain: design


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text:
Stephanie Benson who is a Ghanaian and American based singer has recently been in the headlines of every news following her role in Samini’s sultry music video ‘One More’.
The sexy music video exposed the singer and the dancehall artist in naughty actions and has generated rumors that the two were involved in a romantic affair.
Stephanie was seen in the music video with Samini in sensual positions in bed, swimming pool and in the bathtub with a half naked appearance.
However, responding to the romantic affair rumors, the singer cum actress disclosed unambiguously that her husband and children are in support of the video and really love it.
Mrs. Benson making things clear explained that the video was shot to portray the actual meaning to the song and the sexual relationship rumors from viewers are far beyond exaggeration.
“We trying to project what the song is saying. There is nothing to cry about. People always act. I can handle it. Samini is pretty sexy, it’s like a nicer day in the office, and I get to enjoy it because it is Samini…” she said.
“My husband is much secured. We were only acting and projecting what the song is saying. Just like movies we were acting. I can handle it. I didn’t expose myself. I am a singer and actress and this is just my artistic side…” she Explained further.
When asked about why she chose to collaborate with Samini on the song, she explained that the ‘Linda’ hit maker always release an unbelievable positive energy which enticed her to enter the studio with him.
“I have always said that I wanna work with him. I loved his energy. It’s unbelievable. I love people like that. I feel the same way. I met him at Rockstone and that’s how it happened. We were in the studio one day with killbeatz and that’s how we came up with. We are both cheeky…” she said in an interview on ‘Daybreak Hitz on Accra-based Hitz FM.

domain: celebrity


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domain: law


text: Accounts of the history of the compass often points to 2nd century BC China as its place of origin. Wet Compasses Helped Sailors and Navigators. The magnetic compass changed all that…and it changed the world. Although some historians contend that the Europeans independently created magnetic compasses from iron ore several centuries after the Chinese, most believe that the Chinese introduced their compass to the Muslims, who then shared the knowledge with Europeans. The navigational compasses that emerged from China’s Song Dynasty of the 11th century had a unique design. The magnetic lodestone may have made it seem like it possessed magical properties. It was discovered that it was possible to magnetize an iron needle by rubbing it against the naturally-magnetized lodestone. The magnetic compass changed all that…and it changed the world. These compasses were called ‘South Pointers’ or ‘South Governors’. The Compass Enables Explorers to Conquer the Seas. Since there was no scientific method to navigate, sailors often avoided the open ocean fearing getting lost. Researchers looked at the coronavirus strain of more than 5,000 Houston cases Found that 99.9 per cent of the strains discovered were the ... Local police said ID found by the body indicates it may be Sergeant Fernandes He had transferred units after reporting sexual abuse, offi... Wildlife experts warning picnickers and barbecuers about yellowjacket wasps German native has finished providing nectar for the queen and... A compass, by PHIL CARRICK (Photo by Fairfax Media via Getty Images). ), The Secret Science of Solving Crossword Puzzles, Racist Phrases to Remove From Your Mental Lexicon. One theory is that Chinese traders made their way to the Middle East and then to Europe. But it may have been in use by the time of the Qin dynasty (221-206 BC). The bronze disc would be inscribed with cardinal direction points, directional indicators for various constellations and other important symbols and information. Historians believe that the Chinese may have been the first civilisation to use a magnetic compass for navigation. However there are researchers who say the Olmecs were using a compass around 1000 BC. It was during this time that navigators and merchants charted sea routes to the Far East, to China, Japan and the Indonesian Islands and establish trade of silk, tea and spices. Post Comments The compass is one of the under-appreciated contributing factors to the Age of Discovery, a time of worldwide exploration on the part of Europeans that occurred roughly between the 15th and 18th centuries. During China’s Han Dynasty, between 300 and 200 BC, compasses were made but, ironically, they were not used for navigation. It does seem more likely that Europeans and Middle Easterners learned how to use magnetized iron ore lodestones to make navigational compasses from the Chinese. Footage shows brown bears being shot off the side of a submarine in Kamchatka Russian navy called in an animal specialist to dispatch the... A flying sports car that can go from road vehicle to aircraft in just three minutes has flown 1,500ft in the air over Slovakia as part of ... Frescoes of the Baronial Hall (15th century), detail, Della Manta Castle, Manta (Cuneo), Piedmont. By the 8th century AD, magnetic needles had replaced the loadstones as navigational devices. Around 200 BCE, the Han dynasty in China produced the first … The use of compasses was also an important tool for feng shui, the art of establishing harmony in a room or building by aligning various features to the different compass points. In 1050, the compass was first used for navigation. But the compass helped make the journey faster by ocean travel. compass inventions, historical facts, ancient history, Abigail Fillmore, the Under-Rated First Lady. A less cumbersome compass was then developed for navigational used, especially for sea voyages. But do you know who invented the compass? The navigational compasses that emerged from China’s Song Dynasty of the 11th century had a unique design. The lodestone was fashioned into a shape that can best be described as a soup spoon or ladle. One of the greatest inventions and the most important tools for navigation, the compass is a device that indicates direction. The thin, light needle could float on a piece of wood on the surface tension of a bowl of water where it could move freely. The Magnetic Compass was a “China’s Gift to the West” The Chinese were the first to discover that naturally magnetized iron ore, also called lodestone, would, if uninhibited by gravity and friction, orient itself to point north. The compass is one of the under-appreciated contributing factors to the Age of Discovery, a time of worldwide exploration on the part of Europeans that occurred roughly between the 15th and 18th centuries. The compass is one of the under-appreciated contributing factors to the Age of Discovery, a time of worldwide exploration on the part of Europeans that occurred roughly between the 15th and 18th centuries. From the 800s to the 1040s, the Chinese referred to magnetism and magnetic needles in many of their books. Alexander Neckam’s work, Trade Between East and West was Flourishing During This Time. Since that time, a number of different compasses have emerged. But do you know who invented the compass? For the latest Tech news, camera reviews, laptop games news, and Gadget Reviews on TimesNow, Historians believe that the Chinese may have been the first civilisation to use a magnetic compass for navigation.  |  Photo Credit: Twitter, Vivekananda statue unveiled in JNU; Why opposition calls it wasteful expense? Appraising of Lazarus: 200 million-year-old fossil of a FISH is set to sell for £50,000 at auction next month, EXCLUSIVE: VP hopeful Kamala Harris- who says she supports defunding police - is seen in Miami being protected by dozens of cops as well as a Secret Service agent carrying an assault rifle, a weapon she's vowed to ban, 'They were frothing at the mouth': Police officer describes horror moment he found bodies of 39 half-naked Vietnamese migrants dead in back of lorry, El Paso police refuse to enforce county judge’s order limiting business due to virus outbreak, Bison engravings discovered in Spanish caves reveal a common art culture existed across Europe over 25,000 years ago, Coronavirus mutation that has become the dominant strain worldwide may be MORE contagious than the original – accounting for over 99% of cases at one US hospital, Body of missing Fort Hood soldier, 23, is 'found hanging from a tree' after he alleged sexual abuse at troubled base which has now been linked to at least 15 deaths this year alone, Britain under attack from plague of stinging pests: Killer Asian hornets and angry 'drunk' German wasps are invading UK after wet and warm weather created 'perfect breeding ground'.


|Publication number||US5412470 A|
|Application number||US 07/952,712|
|Publication date||May 2, 1995|
|Filing date||May 27, 1991|
|Priority date||May 30, 1990|
|Also published as||DE4017465A1, DE4017465C2, EP0531373A1, EP0531373B1, EP0531373B2, WO1991019184A1|
|Publication number||07952712, 952712, PCT/1991/451, PCT/DE/1991/000451, PCT/DE/1991/00451, PCT/DE/91/000451, PCT/DE/91/00451, PCT/DE1991/000451, PCT/DE1991/00451, PCT/DE1991000451, PCT/DE199100451, PCT/DE91/000451, PCT/DE91/00451, PCT/DE91000451, PCT/DE9100451, US 5412470 A, US 5412470A, US-A-5412470, US5412470 A, US5412470A|
|Inventors||Heinrich Plagge, Hans-Joachim Krause, Dietmar Oberdorfer, Ulrich Pluquett|
|Original Assignee||Dosatec Gmbh|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (8)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The invention refers to a dispersion photometer (nephelometer), in particular for the kinetic determination of total proteins, having (a) a light source, (b) an optical system which projects the image of the light source into the sample chamber, (c) a removable optical cell in the sample chamber, into which the liquid to be analyzed can be given, (d) a stirrer, which stirs the liquid to be analyzed during the measurement, (e) a photo-electric sensor which receives light scattered in an forward angle, and (f) an electronic processing and display unit following this photo electric sensor for measuring the values of the dispersed light.
Dispersion photometers of this type are principally known, as an example it is referred to an article of F. Wittmann and G. Traxler "Neue Perspektiven der nephelometrischen Proteinbestimmung (Vorstellung ARRAY)" in Labormedizin 9 (1986) 434-436 ("New perspectives of the nephelometric protein determination" (presentation ARRRAY)). In the market available dispersion photometers are very expensive, their price is currently clearly above DM 100.000, - - . This fact has proven to be an obstacle for the use of dispersion photometers in laboratories for medical analysis, although the analysis with a dispersion photometer is more sensitive, faster, more precise and generally also lower in cost than an analysis following the conventional methods in clinical chemistry.
Reiber has described in Fresenius Z Anal Chem. (1982) 311: 374-375 a new physical-chemical principle for the determination of protein concentrations in biological samples, in which the precipitation of protein is carried out in trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and instead of measuring the absorption (turbidity) the dispersed light is measured. The precipitation of protein molecules causes initially an increase of dispersing particles with a dimension which is small compared to the wavelength 1 of the used light. Therefore the dispersed light intensity I increases, for which is valid I≃1/14. In the course of the precipitation more and more larger particles show up, the dimension of the particles is now not any more small compared to the wavelength of the measuring light, whereby a different dispersion is prevalent, for which is valid I≈1/12.
Due to the dependance of the intensity of the dispersed light from the wavelength so far only more or less monochrome light was applied and in addition only light in the short wavelength range of the visual spectrum has been employed. In order to achieve the required sensitivity, which means a low measurement limit of 20 mg/l or less, which is expected by the users, it is required to apply high standards of technology for optics and electronics. This also explains the high price level for known dispersion photometers.
Starting from these considerations the invention is based upon the task, to further develop and modify a dispersion photometer of the above described type in such a way, that the optical system and the electronic unit is simplified.
This task is solved starting from a dispersion photometer of the type described above by inserting between light source and optical cell and between optical cell and photo-electric sensor only such (optical) elements, which allow a maximum transmission respectively reflection without selective absorption or reflection in the visual spectral range (400 nm to 800 nm).
Based upon this invention the sample in the optical cell is illuminated with white light. This has the advantage, that the light flux of the illuminating light is substantially higher than with so far known instruments. Due to the high light flux of the illuminating light also the intensity of the dispersed light is high, allowing to use low cost, long term stable photo-electric sensors as detectors. Therefore complicated measures for the optic system and for the electronic processing unit are not required.
As a surprise came the fact, that it is possible to leave the up to now as required considered principle of mainly monochrome light and the use of light of short wavelength, without leaving the principle of measurement. This fact could not be expected in view of the principally existing dependance of the intensity of the dispersed light from the wavelength on one hand, and in view of the specific differences of the wavelength dependance of the two occurring types of dispersion on the other hand. By using white light the measurement includes wavelengths, in which, e.g., for the red light, the light source has a radiation intensity which is clearly higher than at the short wavelength range. Therefore by using white light the intensity of the illumination is increased and in addition the range of high quantum yield of the photo-electric sensor is used.
By using white light the optical system can be kept very short, and therefore the system becomes rather simple. For example it is sufficient to use a 10 Watts Halogen lamp as light source, to which a collimator, in case of need a concave mirror behind the lamp, and a collecting lens as optical components are attached. The length of the total optical system is thereby less than 20 cm, if a lens of a focal length of approx. 10 cm is used.
The photo-electric sensor is arranged as close as possible at the optical cell, in order to detect dispersed light in an angle as wide as possible. As photo-electric sensors made of silicon are relatively small, the detector can be put also because of reasons of available space close to the optical cell, and requires little space. Therefore the size of the total optical system is determined mainly by the illuminating unit and the sample chamber, and their distance from each other. Therefore the invented dispersion photometer can be made relatively small in size, the complete instrument has a size of 34×30×14 cm.
In a preferred embodiment a collimating lens, a heat protective filter, and a projection lens in a tube, which has at lease one fixed aperture and is colored in non reflective black, are installed between light source and optical cell. This arrangement ensures, that light can only reach the optical cell: light beams which pass beside the optical cell and might lead to an undesired signal in the photo-electric sensor, will then be absorbed. The optical system has few elements and is simple, and therefore reduces the danger of undesired reflections.
In a further improvement it is proposed to transfer the output signal of the photo-electric sensor to an A/D converter, where for a displayed measured value n sequentially and in short time intervals collected individual measurements are taken, stored, and arranged by magnitude in such a way, that only n/2, preferably n/3 measurements with the smallest values are taken into account and displayed after averaging as measured value. In the practical situation of the dispersion measurement the light dispersed by the protein coagulating in TCA is superposed by short term dispersed light signals, caused by pollutions in the sample, pollutions of the TCA and of eventual dilutions of TCA. These dispersed light signals add to the momentarily performed measurement. As the solution in the optical cell is being rotated, these signals cause only short term dispersed light signals. By not taking into account at least half of the electric signals received, this means at least all higher signal values, it is achieved that such erroneous dispersed (scattered) light signals practically cannot influence the total result, i.e. the measured value.
As photo-electric detector preferably a silicon-photo-element is being used. Its output signal can be transferred without intermediate storage directly to an A/D converter, as the signal of the photo-electric detector does not change during the time of conversion of a measurement signal. In a further advantageous step a current/voltage converter is arranged between the silicon photo-electric detector and the A/D converter.
It has proven to be very advantageous to provide a dispersion photometer, which has a normally closed opening for a pipette above the optical cell, by which pipette the substance to be tested can be injected into the optical cell, with a lock system which locks the opening, if there is no optical cell in the sample chamber, and allows to open the opening if there is an optical cell in the sample chamber. By this measure it is avoided, that a liquid can be pipetted into the sample chamber if there is no optical cell in it. Pipetting into the sample chamber would require a very extensive cleaning process and in addition cause hygienic dangers.
It is also advantageous to arrange all optical elements on a rigid base plate. This leads on one hand to a precise attachment of all optical elements, on the other hand the optical unit can be premounted and tested prior to insertion into the instrument housing, and service and repair can be carried out at all optical elements by taking out the complete optical unit from the instrument housing.
Finally it is also advantageous to put all optical elements in a separate chamber of the instrument housing. Therefore on one hand the electrical components are separated from the optical components, on the other hand an effective cooling is possible. As based on this invention a 10 Watts Halogen lamp is used, the generated heat is anyhow lower than at known instruments which mostly work with more powerful lamps. In an advantageous further step of the invention there are openings close to the lamp for the cooling, and accordingly openings at the opposite end of the optical system. In front of the opening is a fan, which maintains a continuous air flow longitudinal to the optical unit, which results in an effective and practically fully sufficient cooling.
Further advantages and features of the invention are apparent from the other claims and the following description of a non-limiting example, which is explained in detail with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows in:
FIG. 1 a circuit diagram of the dispersion photometer,
FIG. 2 a cross-section through the optical system,
FIG. 3 a side view of the complete optical system,
FIG. 4 a top view of the optical system according to FIG. 3,
FIG. 5 a top view on the holder of the optical cell, partially as cross-section,
FIG. 6 a cross-section of the optical cell holder along intersection line VI--VI of FIG. 5 and
FIG. 7 a diagrammatic presentation of 12 measurement values and their processing.
FIG. 1 shows the basic arrangement of the components of the dispersion photometer according to the invention. A light source 20 in the form of a 6 Volt/10 Watt Halogen lamp is powered by a constant current source 22 with constant current. The emitted light is focussed by a still to be described optics into the center of an optical cell, the optical cell has a diameter of approx. 7 mm, and is cylindric. The incident light passes through the optical cell, as shown by an arrow 26. Proteins in the optical cell, but also pollutions and similar, cause a dispersed light, which is shown as an arrow 28. It is detected in a 70° forward angle. In the optical cell there is also a stirrer 30 made of permanent magnetic or ferromagnetic material, to which a magnetic stick 32 is related, which is rotated by a stirrer motor 34, powered by a voltage source 36.
The dispersed light (arrow 28) impinges on a photo-electric sensor 38 in the form of a silicon photo element BPX 79. Its electric contacts are attached to a current/voltage converter 40, whose output is coupled to an A/D converter 42. The individual measurement values which are now in digital form are then processed in a processor unit 44, which is described later in detail. Based on a multitude of individual measurement values one measured value is displayed on a display 46, where it is shown in the form of dispersed light units or in the form of a protein concentration. The processing unit 44 can be controlled by a keyboard 48.
In the following the optical unit is described. FIG. 2 shows the halogen lamp 20, to which an IR-permeable concave mirror 50 is attached in a distance of the double of the focal length. It is manufactured by superficially depositing evaporized metal and reflects in the visual spectral range (400 to 800 nm) almost free of energy losses and non-selective, and therefore independent from the wavelength. To the right the light is focussed (parallelized) by an aspheric glass lens 52 (collimator lens). The lens 52, too, has a high transparency in the visual spectral range, and shows no selective absorption or reflection therein, and allows therefore also to let pass the visual light independent from the wavelength.
A heat absorption filter 54 follows, it is of type KG 1 and manufactured by the company of Spindler and Hoyer, it is almost without color, and therefore has a practically wavelength-independent transmission in the visual spectral range. A noticeable absorption starts only for wavelengths above 1 p.m. The heat absorption filter 54 is, as shown in FIG. 2, mechanically fixed by using a rubber ring 56 in such a way that thermal expansion is possible.
In a short distance follows a flat convex lens 58 made of glass, it has a focal length of approx. 10 cm. A material. BK 7 of the a.m. company Spindler and Hoyer is used for this lens, the transmission in the visual spectral range is practically constant.
In the distance of the focal length and behind the flat convex lens 58 is the center of the optical cell 24. The light cone between parts 58 and 24 is limited by three circular apertures 60, of which one is as close as possible at the optical cell 24, another close to the flat convex lens 58, and a third one between these two apertures.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the parts 54 to 60 ar mounted in a light-tight tube. As FIGS. 3 and 4 show, also the complete optical system is to a large extent sealed and therefore light-tight. FIGS. 3 and 4 show, that the complete optical system is mounted on a rigid base plate 64, which is fixed to the ground plate of the instrument housing (indicated in FIG. 3) by bolts and can be mounted respectively dismounted with few manipulations. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the sample chamber, in which the optical cell is arranged during the measurement. It is open towards the top. The photo-electric sensor 38 is mounted in an adapter 66 in a light-tight way close to the sample chamber, there are two apertures in the adapter 66, too, (see FIG. 2) between the sample chamber and the detector. The sample chamber is underneath closed by a stirring motor 34, when looking into the sample chamber the stirrer 32 can be recognized. Furthermore a tube 68 is mounted to the sample chamber, in which transmitted light (following the sense of the arrow 26 in FIG. 1) is absorbed without reflection. For the light source a prefocussed socket is used, which allows to exchange the light source without realignment.
The top of the sample chamber is closed by a pipette holder in a light-tight way, see FIGS. 5 and 6. Underneath is a cuvette holder which accepts the optical cell, it is not visible from the figures.
The pipette holder is closed on the top by the circular plate 70, which has a central opening 72, also called passage. This opening is normally closed by a lever 74, which has a handle 76 which can be rotated clockwise starting from the position shown around an axis 78. A second lever 80 is arranged on the left side of lever 74, and is rotatable around an axis, too. Both levers 74, 80 are connected elastically by a spring 82. Underneath the circular plate 70 a lock is provided, which consists mainly of a screw 84 and of springs 86. The springs push a disk connected to a screw downwards, thus the head of the screw 84 remains below the area of movement of the levers 74, 80. If in this situation the lever 74 is rotated by using the handle 76, the second lever 80 follows automatically with the consequence, that the entrance to the opening 72 remains locked.
However, if there is an optical cell in the sample chamber, the screw 84 is pushed upwards, its head is inserted in the area of movement of the second lever 80. If in this condition the lever 74 is rotated, the second lever 80 cannot follow this movement, the entrance of the opening 72 is free, a pipette, by which the liquid to be tested can be injected, can be inserted therethrough.
A multitude of other mechanical or electro-mechanical solutions are possible, in order to lock the entrance to the opening 72, if there is no optical cell in the sample chamber. For example the second lever 80 can be avoided, if the screw 84 is mounted at the other side of the lever 74 and if the lever 74 has a slit for the screw head and the screw shaft, which is made such, that the screw is above the surface of the circular plate 70 in the case of a missing optical cell and therefore stops the clockwise movement of the lever 74, however, as soon as the screw 84 is pushed further more upwards, its head is in front of a canal, which is suitable for the screw and its head, thus allowing a movement of the lever 74. In a further alternative a micro switch in the sample chamber recognizes the presence of the optical cell. This micro switch effects a relay which controls the entrance to the opening 72.
FIG. 7 shows the evaluation of obtained individual measurement data to one measured value. In the shown example it is assumed that twelve individual measurements collected in short intervals have been digitized by the A/D converter. The cycle time of the converter used in the practical example is 160 ms. The total of twelve signals (left side of diagram of FIG. 7) are evaluated in respect to their magnitude. Only 1/3 of the twelve signals, namely a group of 4 signals (middle side of the diagram of FIG. 7) are then processed, they are selected by the property that they represent the four lowest-value measurement data. Described in a different way only the four lowest data are being processed, the eight data with higher values are not taken into account. After averaging these the four selected individual data one measured value is obtained, which is shown in the right side of the diagram of FIG. 7.
This measured value is then displayed or stored and compared to other measured values obtained in a similar way.
Finally in FIG. 3 there are exit slits 88 in an instrument housing 90 close to the light source 20 and entrance slits 92 at the other end of the optical system. For simplification reasons a fan is not shown. Arrows 94 indicate an air flow.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US2436262 *||Apr 29, 1944||Feb 17, 1948||Johns Manville||Apparatus for measuring turbidity photoelectrically|
|US4136953 *||Jul 19, 1977||Jan 30, 1979||Beckman Instruments, Inc.||Nephelometer with detection system focused on optical dark region|
|US4157871 *||May 16, 1977||Jun 12, 1979||Beckman Instruments, Inc.||System for rate immunonephelometric analysis|
|US4250394 *||Jul 19, 1979||Feb 10, 1981||Akzona Incorporated||Apparatus for determining immunochemical substances|
|US4408880 *||Sep 22, 1981||Oct 11, 1983||Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha||Laser nephelometric system|
|AU493266A *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|WO2011159982A2 *||Jun 17, 2011||Dec 22, 2011||Andrew Pogosyan||Scattering light source multi-wavelength photometer|
|WO2011159982A3 *||Jun 17, 2011||Apr 19, 2012||Andrew Pogosyan||Scattering light source multi-wavelength photometer|
|U.S. Classification||356/338, 356/341|
|Cooperative Classification||G01N2021/4707, G01N2201/1245, G01N2201/0646, G01N21/51|
|Feb 19, 1993||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:PLAGGE, HEINRICH;KRAUSE, HANS-JOACHIM;PLUQUETT, ULRICH;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:006431/0705;SIGNING DATES FROM 19921123 TO 19921129
|May 17, 1993||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: DOSATEC GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PHYWE SYSTEME GMBH;REEL/FRAME:006540/0228
Effective date: 19930115
|Jul 13, 1998||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 4, 2002||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 20, 2002||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Nov 15, 2006||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|May 2, 2007||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jun 26, 2007||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20070502


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domain: game


What: Sing-along coaching and performance of excerpts from G.F. Handel’s Messiah, for soloists, orchestra and choir. It is a one day event; participation in the choir is open to all who love to sing, both amateurs and professionals!
Who: Sergio Siminovich, Handel specialist: conductor
When: Saturday, March 14. 9:30 am – 5:30pm
Where: Church of St John and St Philip, Ary van der Spuyweg 1, 2585 HA Den Haag. Handicap access; parking in neighborhood is free on Saturday; close to Tram 1
Cost: €5 for chorus participants. Concert attendance is free, but an offering will be taken at the door.
Supplies: Bring your own vocal score of Messiah (Novello edition preferred) and pencil; bring your own lunch, but coffee, tea and treats will be provided. Dress for concert is not required. Music for instrumentalists will be provided by the conductor, but please bring your own music stand! Sergio will be in The Hague from Tuesday, March 10 and is prepared to work in advance with any instrumentalist who would like his instruction.
Schedule for the day:
9.30-10.00 Welcome, coffee and tea reception
10.00-12.45 Choir rehearsal
13.30-15.15 Tutti (Soloists, Choir and Orchestra) rehearsal
15.15-16.00 Coffee and tea break
Extra info: The performance will be at A415 pitch, therefore only historical instruments will be able to participate.
Please come with notes essentially learned, so the rehearsals can focus on musicianship, interpretation and ensemble work
Music: Please see attached page for list of movements to be rehearsed and performed.
Contact info: Church of St John and St Philip
Scratch Messiah: List of Movements
(all movement and page numbers are taken from the Watkins Shaw Novello edition)
1. p. 1 Sinfonia: Grave section only (orchestra only)
2. p.6 Ev’ry valley shall be exalted (Air: Tenor)
3. p. 19 Thus saith the Lord Recitative: Bass)
4. p. 55 For unto us a child is born (chorus)
5. p. 91 Behold the Lamb of God (chorus)
6. p. 94 He was despised: section A only (Air: Alto)
7. p. 106 All we like sheep have gone astray (chorus)
8. p. 123 Thy rebuke?-Behold, and see if there be any sorrow (Air: Tenor)
9. p. 149 How beautiful are the feet (Air: Soprano)
10. p. 181 I know that my redeemer liveth (Air: Soprano)
11. p. 186 Since by man came death (chorus)
12a. p. 21 Worthy is the Lamb: prima pars=to m 23?) (chorus)
12b. p. 171 Hallelujah (chorus)
[13. p.225 Amen (chorus) [maybe.]
NB. 26 January Sergio quote: “The ground plan may be changed on the spot if necessary.”
NB – The chorus movements are highlighted in bold for greater clarity.


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Get Excited for "Forza Motorsport 7" With Latest Trailer
Be prepared to not see the light of day for a while
"Forza Motorsport" is one of our all-time favorite racing simulators. Staffers have spent hours upon hours driving, racing, drifting, and rallying through Forza's many titles, including its latest edition, "Forza Horizon 3."
However, with Forza's newest title, "Forza Motorsport 7," we're ready to lose a week's worth of work glued to our TVs and only venturing out of our living rooms for bathroom breaks and to order more pizza.
In Forza Motorsport 7, Turn 10 Studios is pulling out all the stops, with this iteration of the game including more than 700 cars from around the world that players will be able to use, customize, and race to their heart's content.
Additionally, Forza has kept the dynamic weather introduced a few titles ago, as well as 4K resolution at 60 frames per second, 30 different tracks, and a brand-new campaign mode.
Some cars available to Forza Motorsport 7 players will include the new Porsche 911 GT2 RS, Ford's GT race car, period-correct Mercedes-Benz SLRs, a host of insane Lamborghinis like the wild and ridiculous Veneno, and Aston Martin's Vulcan.
In addition, there's a host of top-spec race cars from different eras, including Porsche's now defunct LMP1 919 Hybrid, Can-Am cars from the 1970s, and a set of 1960s Formula 1 cars.
The game will be available September 29 for those who bought early access Ultimate Edition versions of the game. While those opting for the regular-spec version can get their copies October 3.
Digital pre-orders will also get the Hoonigan Car Pack for free for both Forza Horizon and Forza Motorsport 7. This includes Ken Block's Hoonicorn V2, Baldwin Motorsport's "Loki" K5 Blazer, the RX-7 Twerkstallion, an RWB Porsche 911 Turbo, Ken Block's Ford Escort Gymkhana, the Napalm Nova, and a 1955 Bel Air gasser.
Check out the trailer below.
Source: Turn 10 Studios via YouTube


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Fiction. Stephen Moles (author of THE MOST WRETCHED THING IMAGINABLE) returns with his most complex and rewarding novel yet. ALL THE WORLD'S A SIMULATION is a metafictional tour de force featuring Shakespeare, Snow White and an infinite number of evil Stephen Hawkings. While its main characters attempt to escape from it, the book constantly rewrites itself before the reader's gaze to reveal a profound secret about the power behind this and all other literary works. Thoroughly playful yet deeply serious, this extraordinary novel offers a personality-altering reading experience and an initiation into the realm of dark meaning.This edition includes as an appendix two related works, the novellas Fossil People and Life.exe.
Stephen Moles is the author of several books, including ALL THE WORLD'S A SIMULATION (Sagging Meniscus Press, 2018), THE MOST WRETCHED THING IMAGINABLE: OR BENEATH THE BURNT UMBRELLA (Sagging Meniscus Press, 2016), Paul is Dead (CCLaP, 2015), and The More You Reject Me, the Bigger I Get (Beard of Bees, 2015), as well as many other shorter pieces. He regularly carries out undercover literary assignments aimed at both fighting the centralisation of meaning and bringing about the linguistic singularity for the benefit of society. Stephen is also the founder of the Dark Meaning Research Institute, a group of parasemantic investigators and quantum linguistics pioneers who are currently working on a way to blast him off the page and turn him into the world's first zero-person author. Author City: LONDON ENG

domain: artistic


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Advantages of using chemical proportioning systems are clear:
Cleaning personnel no longer need to guess as to how much concentrate needs to be diluted with water to make properly measured cleaning solutions, reducing potential to damage to surfaces and risk to worker health.
• Chemical solutions are diluted at their intended ratio for the cleaning task, maximizing chemical performance.
• Waste of chemical concentrates due to "glug-glugging" is eliminated, reducing overall cleaning costs.
• Portable dispensing systems offer the added benefit of allowing local "point-of-use" dilution, increasing worker efficiency.
Most cleaning product manufacturers offer their chemical concentrates in one or more types of dispensing mechanisms.
Included in the most popular of these are:
• Wall-mounted, cabinet-type units offering centralized dispensing for chemicals and providing secure storage for chemical concentrates while in use.
• Modular, wall-mounted systems that provide a smaller footprint on the wall while allowing for both high-flow and low-flow dispensing from the same dispenser.
• Portable, "point-of-use" systems that can be placed in almost any janitorial closet for fast, easy and accurate dilutions.
One important facet of many of these systems is the incorporation of a sealing stem in the concentrate bottle that creates a closed-loop for dispensing.
Equipped either with or without metering tips, these stems help eliminate the chance that a worker can come in contact with the concentrate and create a health issue.
Originally, manufacturers offering chemical management systems as a part of their cleaning product program used traditional concentrates for use in these systems, and end users often believed that the in-use solution was too weak to perform the job task.
Today, highly concentrated chemical products for floor cleaning, degreasing, disinfection and other janitorial tasks are delivered though these dispensing systems, and the result is a consistently high level of performance.
Automated Dilution Ratios
Producing cost savings and enhancing worker safety with chemical management systems.
By Bill Smith
In the roughly 20 years or so since water-driven chemical control dispensing systems became popular in the sanitary maintenance industry, there have been important improvements, both on the chemical products in these programs and the equipment that drives their dilution.
While early systems employed large, bulky dispensers that were only practical for large facilities and institutions, dispensing solutions today offer a wide range of options — both fixed and portable — to make accurate, cost-controlled proportioning available to almost any type end user, regardless of size.
Facility managers are challenged to deliver green cleaning programs for school districts — some of which are mandated by local and state municipalities — universities, businesses and institutions.
Of particular note, those facilities seeking certification under the U.S. Green Building Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings: Operations and Management (LEED-EBOM) rating system must employ green cleaning products as a part of their overall sustainability plan.
The use of closed-system dispensing equipment is a natural fit, promoting both worker safety and a healthier environment.
This practice also can greatly enhance both efficiency and sustainability when used with environmentally responsible cleaning chemical products.
Facility managers would be well advised to periodically evaluate the use of chemical proportioning in their buildings and determine which system would best suit their needs.
Some points of focus should include:
• Is my dispensing system maximizing worker efficiency and safety?
Be sure that your supplier offers personalized on-site training for explaining the proper use of the equipment and chemicals and provides appropriate point-of-use materials such as wall charts and labels for secondary bottles to assure program success.
• Do the chemical products in use consistently meet the task for performance?
Perform a test of the equipment and chemicals in one building or portion of your facility to determine the ease-of-use for your workers and if the proposed program increases worker performance and efficiency.
• If my facility requires the purchase and use of sustainable, green formulations, am I addressing that need?
Review any state-mandated or locally enforced standards for what products may be purchased at your facility.
If seeking LEED-EBOM status, contact the USGBC for assistance with the standard.
• Based on the in-use dilution cost for the product, does my chemical dispensing system deliver the best value for the cleaning dollar?
Evaluate overall costs based on the "in-use" dilution cost of the products.
While highly concentrated products will likely be priced higher per case than traditional products, the cost-in-use dilution difference will usually be substantial and a key in reducing overall cleaning costs.
• Am I using a controlled dispensing system for all appropriate chemical products?
Make good judgments on which products are a part of the dispensing program.
Any high-volume chemicals used in the building are better candidates for inclusion in a chemical management system.
With proper planning and implementation, a chemical proportioning system will have a positive impact on the cleaning of a facility and the staffs assigned to maintain these buildings.

domain: chemistry


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Liftoff occurred on 14 September at 7:07pm BST. OneWeb’s satellites separated from the rocket and were dispensed in nine batches after 3 hours 45 minutes into the flight, with signal acquisition on all 34 satellites confirmed. With this launch, Arianespace also celebrates passing the mark of 1,000 satellites successfully launched to space.
OneWeb remains on track to start service this year at the 50th parallel and above with its constellation and to deliver global service in 2022. The company continues to see growing demand from telecommunications providers, ISPs, and governments worldwide to offer its low-latency, high-speed connectivity services to the hardest to reach places. OneWeb has raised USD 2.7 billion since November 2020, with no debt issuance.
Neil Masterson, OneWeb CEO, commented: “The team continues to stay focused on execution and delivering our network. I am enormously grateful to the team and all our partners who are making these milestones possible. We continue to see a huge and growing demand for our services from global customers, and we are incredibly excited about both introducing commercial service and scaling our global network.”


Lets talk about last Saturday's concert. Korean Music Wave held at Stadium Merdeka Kuala Lumpur. Line up artist includes Teen Top, FT Island, Seungi, Top & GD, 4 Minutes, Park Jungmin and also UKiss. Kevin and Dongho became MC that night together with 1 MC from Malaysia and from Arirang TV.
Me and Cik Ain arrived early that day. But unfortunately, our lovely Cik Ain forgot their tickets. What on earth she forgot the tickets. So funny. So, she missed the rehearsal part. This part, really excited. We managed to see FT Island and Park Jungmin doing their rehearsal.*wink*.
The real concert started at 730PM after Kak Long and Cik Ain performed their Maghrib prayer. The 1st performance for me was the best performance ever. FT Island. All of us scream like a crazy fangirl. What make the performance best ever because of the fans and FT Island itself. I really fall in love with Lee Hongki voice. The best ever. Plus, Primadona doing really good job sang along with FT Island. Check out the video below.
The next line up was Teen Top. Actually, I don't even know this group, but their performance, I can say, very energetic. I really like their choreography. Looks very smooth and beautiful. Check out the performance below and judge it by yourself.
Besides Teen Top and FTIsland, there is another artist performing that night. But for me, the artist that I really want to see is UKiss. Check out their performance below and other artist.
GD & Top
The highlight that night was performance by GD & Top. Many Big Bang fans, VIP so high and they sing and dance along with their favourite artist. Most of the fans stand up and enjoy their performance. Me too because fans in front of me stand up and i can't see them. That why I need to stand up too. Overall performance, we really enjoy the concert and hope they will come back to Malaysia again. I also hope there is Korean Music Wave 2012 next year.


Steve Ahlgren1, Jim Holmlund2, Paul Griffiths1, and Rob Smallshire1
Search and Discovery Article #40100 (2003)
*Adapted for online presentation from the Geophysical Corner column in AAPG Explorer September, 2002, entitled “Fracture Model Analysis Is Simple,” prepared by the authors. Appreciation is expressed to the authors, to R. Randy Ray, Chairman of the AAPG Geophysical Integration Committee, and to Larry Nation, AAPG Communications Director, for their support of this online version.
EDITORIAL NOTE: The reader is referred to a companion article, entitled “Using 3-D Outcrop Laserscans for Fracture Analysis,” prepared by authors Ahlgren and Holmlund.
1Midland Valley Exploration, Glasgow, UK ([email protected])
2Geo-Map Inc., Tucson, Arizona
Ahlgren and Holmlund (2003) describe a new fracture detection method incorporating a portable laserscan unit to completely image analog outcrops in three dimensions. In this article, we explore how simple analysis of calibrated analog fracture models can enhance exploration and production in fractured reservoirs.
After collecting laserscan data from analog outcrops, semi-automatic processing extracts important fracture data such as geometries, intersections, trace lengths and orientation statistics. These statistical and spatial properties are extrapolated in three dimensions and used to generate synthetic fracture models at a scale consistent with existing or planned wells. The synthetic, three-dimensional fracture networks have similar statistical and topological characteristics of observed data, but offer distinct advantages over their natural counterparts. One important benefit is the ability to construct multiple realizations of the observed fractures quickly to test different hypotheses and perform sensitivity testing of the input parameters. Results also can be compared to well production volumes and modified to get good matches.
Figure 2. Synthetic fracture model with proposed well. The model contains four fracture sets interpreted from the laserscan data. A synthetic, deviated wellbore intersects the fracture network at the upper right side of the figure.
The new laserscan technique provides robust statistical data on fracture orientations, clustering and, to a lesser degree, fracture spacing. Parameters such as fracture trace length and shape (i.e., aspect ratio) also may be extracted from the laserscan data using techniques such as trace analysis, but with lesser certainty. Constructing multiple fracture networks using different parameters and analyzing them with a few simple tools may help to determine the relative importance of these less-constrained parameters. More importantly, the simple analysis may indicate whether a more detailed fracture investigation is truly necessary.
One technique is three-dimensional connectivity analysis, which determines how well connected or poorly connected fractures are within a natural or synthetic network. Parameters such as fracture volume and fracture area are extracted and may be useful for fracture modeling or well planning. Often, wells that intersect different components cannot communicate with one another, so defining the likely extent and volumes of the components is critical in making production estimates. For example, consider a simplified synthetic fracture network generated using orientation and length data extracted from a laserscan of a ~500m2 outcrop face (Figure 1).
The resulting scale model of the fracture network contains four fracture sets, each with a similar statistical signature as those interpreted from the outcrop laserscan data (Figure 2). A synthetic well is “drilled” into the model and used as the basis for connectivity analysis. The analysis quickly reveals that the well intersects a number of fracture clusters with relatively small drainage volumes (Figure 3).
Since the fracture lengths and aspect ratios are not uniquely defined, sensitivity testing of this fracture model might include changing the aspect ratio and lengths of one or more of the fracture sets, and re-analyzing the model for connectivity. To this end, a new model is constructed using one fracture set with twice the length and aspect ratio as in the first model. Connectivity analysis shows that the model is indeed sensitive to these changes, as reflected by the difference in drainage volumes intersected by the synthetic well (Figure 4).
Although both fracture models contain three primary drainage volumes of roughly equal size, the second model contains one volume (colored in yellow) almost 500x larger than in the first model. If the actual production volume for the well were known, it would be essential to compare these data with the new model to determine if a more detailed assessment of fracture size is important.
Laserscanning can be used to generate calibrated fracture models that enhance the understanding of a fractured reservoir. Models can be built around existing or proposed wells, and analyzed with simple techniques such as connectivity analysis.
Sensitivity testing may help to provide additional confidence in well planning and the fracture network interpretation.
Ahlgren, Steve, and Jim Holmlund, 2003, Using 3-D outcrop laserscans for fracture analysis: Search and Discovery Article #40099 (2003).
This research was funded in part by BP.


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This tile trivet features a design by Luke M. Vaillancourt using an illustration of Judi Vaillancourt.


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A man alleged to have been masquerading as a security officer was Friday charged with impersonation.
In the same court, another man who impersonated President Uhuru Kenyatta's former spokesman Manoah Esipisu was set free after the latter failed to cooperate in nailing him.
Moses Muigai Ngugi, a resident of Syokimau, was allegedly found with identification cards of National Intelligence Service, Immigration department, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, Kenya Bureau of Standards and Office of the Director of Public Prosecution.
He was also reportedly found with two pistols, 800 rounds of ammunition and a copy of civilian certificate of firearms.
He pleaded not guilty to all the charges levelled against him before Senior Principal Magistrate Martha Mutuku. His case will be heard on September 26.
In Esipisu's matter, Kepha Nyakundi was released by Milimani Principal Magistrate Kennedy Cheruiyot, citing failure of the President's spokesman to cooperate.
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What’s in a word?
Recently, I revisited a quote from the movie Eat, Pray Love that made me stop and take the time to really reflect. In the movie, Julia Roberts, who plays Liz Gilbert (author of the book upon whom this story is truly based), struggles to find a word that represents who she is. The friends she’s made in Italy try to find words to represents themselves and the cities they’ve visited – London is “stuffy”, New York is “ambition” or “soot”, and Rome is “sex” – but all Liz can think of to define herself, is “writer”, which her companions point out, isn’t who she is, but what she does for a living. At the end of the book, after a satisfying journey of learning to let go of a nasty divorce and love herself again so she can start to love somebody else, Liz decides that her word is, in fact Attraversiamo, an Italian word meaning let’s cross over.
Gilbert’s journey throughout the movie helps bring her back to who she used to be by helping her to cross over to her old self; someone who was happy; someone who had the capability to give love and receive it; someone inspired who had the ability to inspire others, through actions and words – in her case, words written in the form of a book. The word Attraversiamo for Gilbert, was the perfect reflection of who she was at that particular moment in time.
Eureka! Discovering and re-discovering my word
Gilbert’s search for her word also made me think of my own journey of self-discovery. I’ve come to the conclusion that one thing is for sure; depending on where we are in are life, the words we use to describe ourselves can and will change but there is always one word that perfectly describes us, inclusive of our best traits as well as our faults.
At various points in my life, I’ve been different to different people, even to myself. One nasty break-up even caused me to lose such track of myself that I ventured forth into the brave new world of travel to rediscover the me I couldn’t find anymore. I took off with a one way ticket to find out what made me laugh, what kind of person I was to strangers, who was drawn to me, and how I could fare in a situation where I was anything but comfortable… and you know what? I fared just fine. And consequently, I discovered that the me I’d lost sight of, the me I longed to rediscover and now (in a place where I’m the happiest I’ve ever been) cherish every single day – was and remains “bubbly”.
A funny choice you say? Well, I didn’t dare say it without taking a consensus first, and funnily enough, that’s the popular choice. In my case, the word “bubbly”, encompasses all things from energetic and positive by nature, to up and down and sometimes hard to keep up with. These are my flaws – I can be as high as a kite and then bawl like a five year old, but guaranteed an hour later I’m back on my feet and appreciating the kind smile of a stranger walking by. I can be too “bubbly” – just ask my brother who has to take time-outs from conversation with me as I run off in three directions without stopping for breath – I admit, I can be tiring. But, that’s who I am! It’s how I cope with things that go wrong, how I overcome obstacles and how I create the environment that I want to live in. My “bubbly” nature can drive my husband insane as I plan for our next big trip, while arranging fifty smaller ones to pass the time (I also happen to be a stereotypical Sagittarian with the itchiest of itchy feet). I find it hard to live in the present – at which point I’m sure I become a bubble my husband would like to pop, just to enjoy some stability for a few days on end. But this part of me also pushes me to go to great lengths to make people feel better when they’re kind of blue, to end a fight with a happy dance moments after finding a resolution, and to encourage strangers as we all make our way towards the finish line of the 5km.
Take the time to discover your word
While I’m sure my secondary words will continue to change – after all, I have yet to discover words like motherhood, novelist (perhaps?) and retirement among a plethora of words I can’t anticipate – I’m so thankful I’ve experienced losing mine in order to realize exactly how valuable it really is. During the time when I wasn’t feeling my “bubbly” self, I know that something needed fixing and something needed to change in order to restore the balance that makes me who I am. I wasn’t laughing, and I certainly wasn’t seeing life through rose coloured glasses. Nowadays, at peace with and knowing who I am, I wake up every day feeling so lucky that I’m surrounded by people who love me for me, for my very flawed bubbly self.
And so, I challenge you, all of you, to find your word. Some of you will, and some of you won’t, but once you do, you’ll realize that you’ve found you didn’t know you were looking for in the first place. Do you have a word? I’d love to hear about it.