text:
Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.
The joy of living is the theme of A.A.’s Twelfth Step, and action is its key word. Here we turn outward toward our fellow alcoholics who are still in distress. Here we experience the kind of giving that asks no rewards. Here we begin to practice all Twelve Steps of the program in our daily lives so that we and those about us may find emotional sobriety. When the Twelfth Step is seen in its full implication, it is really talking about the kind of love that has no price tag on it.
Our Twelfth Step also says that as a result of practicing all the Steps, we have each found something called a spiritual awakening. To new A.A.’s, this often seems like a very dubious and improbable state of affairs. “What do you mean when you talk about a ‘spiritual awakening’?” they ask. Maybe there are as many definitions of spiritual awakening as there are people who have had them. But certainly each genuine one has something in common with all the others. And these things which they have in common are not too hard to understand. When a man or a woman has a spiritual awakening, the most important meaning of it is that he has now become able to do, feel, and believe that which he could not do before on his unaided strength and resources alone. He has been granted a gift which amounts to a new state of consciousness and being. He has been set on a path which tells him he is really going somewhere, that life is not a dead end, not something to be endured or mastered. In a very real sense he has been transformed, because he has laid hold of a source of strength which, in one way or another, he had hitherto denied himself. He finds himself in possession of a degree of honesty, tolerance, unselfishness, peace of mind, and love of which he had thought himself quite incapable. What he has received is a free gift, and yet usually, at least in some small part, he has made himself ready to receive it.
A.A.’s manner of making ready to receive this gift lies in the practice of the Twelve Steps in our program. So let’s consider briefly what we have been trying to do up to this point:
Step One showed us an amazing paradox: We found that we were totally unable to be rid of the alcohol obsession until we first admitted that we were powerless over it.
In Step Two we saw that since we could not restore ourselves to sanity, some Higher Power must necessarily do so if we were to survive.
Consequently, in Step Three we turned our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him. For the time being, we who were atheist or agnostic discovered that our own group, or A.A. as a whole, would suffice as a higher power.
Beginning with Step Four, we commenced to search out the things in ourselves which had brought us to physical, moral, and spiritual bankruptcy. We made a searching and fearless moral inventory.
Looking at Step Five, we decided that an inventory, taken alone, wouldn’t be enough. We knew we would have to quit the deadly business of living alone with our conflicts, and in honesty confide these to God and another human being.
At Step Six, many of us balked—for the practical reason that we did not wish to have all our defects of character removed, because we still loved some of them too much. Yet we knew we had to make a settlement with the fundamental principle of Step Six. So we decided that while we still had some flaws of character that we could not yet relinquish, we ought nevertheless to quit our stubborn, rebellious hanging on to them. We said to ourselves, “This I cannot do today, perhaps, but I can stop crying out ‘No, never!’”
Then, in Step Seven, we humbly asked God to remove our shortcomings such as He could or would under the conditions of the day we asked.
In Step Eight, we continued our house-cleaning, for we saw that we were not only in conflict with ourselves, but also with people and situations in the world in which we lived. We had to begin to make our peace, and so we listed the people we had harmed and became willing to set things right.
We followed this up in Step Nine by making direct amends to those concerned, except when it would injure them or other people.
By this time, at Step Ten, we had begun to get a basis for daily living, and we keenly realized that we would need to continue taking personal inventory, and that when we were in the wrong we ought to admit it promptly.
In Step Eleven we saw that if a Higher Power had restored us to sanity and had enabled us to live with some peace of mind in a sorely troubled world, then such a Higher Power was worth knowing better, by as direct contact as possible. The persistent use of meditation and prayer, we found, did open the channel so that where there had been a trickle, there now was a river which led to sure power and safe guidance from God as we were increasingly better able to understand Him.
So, practicing these Steps, we had a spiritual awakening about which finally there was no question. Looking at those who were only beginning and still doubted themselves, the rest of us were able to see the change setting in. From great numbers of such experiences, we could predict that the doubter who still claimed that he hadn’t got the “spiritual angle,” and who still considered his well-loved A.A. group the higher power, would presently love God and call Him by name.
Now, what about the rest of the Twelfth Step? The wonderful energy it releases and the eager action by which it carries our message to the next suffering alcoholic, and which finally translates the Twelve Steps into action upon all our affairs is the payoff, the magnificent reality, of Alcoholics Anonymous.
Even the newest of newcomers finds undreamed rewards as he tries to help his brother alcoholic, the one who is even blinder than he. This is indeed the kind of giving that actually demands nothing. He does not expect his brother sufferer to pay him, or even to love him. And then he discovers that by the divine paradox of this kind of giving he has found his own reward, whether his brother has yet received anything or not. His own character may still be gravely defective, but he somehow knows that God has enabled him to make a mighty beginning, and he senses that he stands at the edge of new mysteries, joys, and experiences of which he had never even dreamed.
Practically every A.A. member declares that no satisfaction has been deeper and no joy greater than in a Twelfth Step job well done. To watch the eyes of men and women open with wonder as they move from darkness into light, to see their lives quickly fill with new purpose and meaning, to see whole families reassembled, to see the alcoholic outcast received back into his community in full citizenship, and above all to watch these people awaken to the presence of a loving God in their lives—these things are the substance of what we receive as we carry A.A.’s message to the next alcoholic.
Nor is this the only kind of Twelfth Step work. We sit in A.A. meetings and listen, not only to receive something ourselves, but to give the reassurance and support which our presence can bring. If our turn comes to speak at a meeting, we again try to carry A.A.’s message. Whether our audience is one or many, it is still Twelfth Step work. There are many opportunities even for those of us who feel unable to speak at meetings or who are so situated that we cannot do much face-to-face Twelfth Step work. We can be the ones who take on the unspectacular but important tasks that make good Twelfth Step work possible, perhaps arranging for the coffee and cake after the meetings, where so many sceptical, suspicious newcomers have found confidence and comfort in the laughter and talk. This is Twelfth Step work in the very best sense of the word. “Freely ye have received; freely give…” is the core of this part of Step Twelve.
We may often pass through Twelfth Step experiences where we will seem to be temporarily off the beam. These will appear as big setbacks at the time, but will be seen later as stepping-stones to better things. For example, we may set our hearts on getting a particular person sobered up, and after doing all we can for months, we see him relapse. Perhaps this will happen in a succession of cases, and we may be deeply discouraged as to our ability to carry A.A.’s message. Or we may encounter the reverse situation, in which we are highly elated because we seem to have been successful. Here the temptation is to become rather possessive of these newcomers. Perhaps we try to give them advice about their affairs which we aren’t really competent to give or ought not give at all. Then we are hurt and confused when the advice is rejected, or when it is accepted and brings still greater confusion. By a great deal of ardent Twelfth Step work we sometimes carry the message to so many alcoholics that they place us in a position of trust. They make us, let us say, the group’s chairman. Here again we are presented with the temptation to overmanage things, and sometimes this results in rebuffs and other consequences which are hard to take.
But in the longer run we clearly realize that these are only the pains of growing up, and nothing but good can come from them if we turn more and more to the entire Twelve Steps for the answers.
Now comes the biggest question yet. What about the practice of these principles in all our affairs? Can we love the whole pattern of living as eagerly as we do the small segment of it we discover when we try to help other alcoholics achieve sobriety? Can we bring the same spirit of love and tolerance into our sometimes deranged family lives that we bring to our A.A. group? Can we have the same kind of confidence and faith in these people who have been infected and sometimes crippled by our own illness that we have in our sponsors? Can we actually carry the A.A. spirit into our daily work? Can we meet our newly recognized responsibilities to the world at large? And can we bring new purpose and devotion to the religion of our choice? Can we find a new joy of living in trying to do something about all these things?
Furthermore, how shall we come to terms with seeming failure or success? Can we now accept and adjust to either without despair or pride? Can we accept poverty, sickness, loneliness, and bereavement with courage and serenity? Can we steadfastly content ourselves with the humbler, yet sometimes more durable, satisfactions when the brighter, more glittering achievements are denied us?
The A.A. answer to these questions about living is “Yes, all of these things are possible.” We know this because we see monotony, pain, and even calamity turned to good use by those who keep on trying to practice A.A.’s Twelve Steps. And if these are facts of life for the many alcoholics who have recovered in A.A., they can become the facts of life for many more.
Of course all A.A.’s, even the best, fall far short of such achievements as a consistent thing. Without necessarily taking that first drink, we often get quite far off the beam. Our troubles sometimes begin with indifference. We are sober and happy in our A.A. work. Things go well at home and office. We naturally congratulate ourselves on what later proves to be a far too easy and superficial point of view. We temporarily cease to grow because we feel satisfied that there is no need for all of A.A.’s Twelve Steps for us. We are doing fi ne on a few of them. Maybe we are doing fi ne on only two of them, the First Step and that part of the Twelfth where we “carry the message.” In A.A. slang, that blissful state is known as “two-stepping.” And it can go on for years.
The best-intentioned of us can fall for the “two-step” illusion. Sooner or later the pink cloud stage wears off and things go disappointingly dull. We begin to think that A.A. doesn’t pay off after all. We become puzzled and discouraged.
Then perhaps life, as it has a way of doing, suddenly hands us a great big lump that we can’t begin to swallow, let alone digest. We fail to get a worked-for promotion. We lose that good job. Maybe there are serious domestic or romantic difficulties, or perhaps that boy we thought God was looking after becomes a military casualty.
What then? Have we alcoholics in A.A. got, or can we get, the resources to meet these calamities which come to so many? These were problems of life which we could never face up to. Can we now, with the help of God as we understand Him, handle them as well and as bravely as our non-alcoholic friends often do? Can we transform these calamities into assets, sources of growth and comfort to ourselves and those about us? Well, we surely have a chance if we switch from “two-stepping” to “twelve-stepping,” if we are willing to receive that grace of God which can sustain and strengthen us in any catastrophe.
Our basic troubles are the same as everyone else’s, but when an honest effort is made “to practice these principles in all our affairs,” well-grounded A.A.’s seem to have the ability, by God’s grace, to take these troubles in stride and turn them into demonstrations of faith. We have seen A.A.’s suffer lingering and fatal illness with little complaint, and often in good cheer. We have sometimes seen families broken apart by misunderstanding, tensions, or actual infidelity, who are reunited by the A.A. way of life.
Though the earning power of most A.A.’s is relatively high, we have some members who never seem to get on their feet moneywise, and still others who encounter heavy financial reverses. Ordinarily we see these situations met with fortitude and faith.
Like most people, we have found that we can take our big lumps as they come. But also like others, we often discover a greater challenge in the lesser and more continuous problems of life. Our answer is in still more spiritual development. Only by this means can we improve our chances for really happy and useful living. And as we grow spiritually, we find that our old attitudes toward our instincts need to undergo drastic revisions. Our desires for emotional security and wealth, for personal prestige and power, for romance, and for family satisfactions—all these have to be tempered and redirected. We have learned that the satisfaction of instincts cannot be the sole end and aim of our lives. If we place instincts first, we have got the cart before the horse; we shall be pulled backward into disillusionment. But when we are willing to place spiritual growth first—then and only then do we have a real chance.
After we come into A.A., if we go on growing, our attitudes and actions toward security—emotional security and financial security—commence to change profoundly. Our demand for emotional security, for our own way, had constantly thrown us into unworkable relations with other people. Though we were sometimes quite unconscious of this, the result always had been the same. Either we had tried to play God and dominate those about us, or we had insisted on being overdependent upon them. Where people had temporarily let us run their lives as though they were still children, we had felt very happy and secure ourselves. But when they finally resisted or ran away, we were bitterly hurt and disappointed. We blamed them, being quite unable to see that our unreasonable demands had been the cause.
When we had taken the opposite tack and had insisted, like infants ourselves, that people protect and take care of us or that the world owed us a living, then the result had been equally unfortunate. This often caused the people we had loved most to push us aside or perhaps desert us entirely. Our disillusionment had been hard to bear. We couldn’t imagine people acting that way toward us. We had failed to see that though adult in years we were still behaving childishly, trying to turn everybody—friends, wives, husbands, even the world itself—into protective parents. We had refused to learn the very hard lesson that overdependence upon people is unsuccessful because all people are fallible, and even the best of them will sometimes let us down, especially when our demands for attention become unreasonable.
As we made spiritual progress, we saw through these fallacies. It became clear that if we ever were to feel emotionally secure among grown-up people, we would have to put our lives on a give-and-take basis; we would have to develop the sense of being in partnership or brotherhood with all those around us. We saw that we would need to give constantly of ourselves without demands for repayment. When we persistently did this we gradually found that people were attracted to us as never before. And even if they failed us, we could be understanding and not too seriously affected.
When we developed still more, we discovered the best possible source of emotional stability to be God Himself. We found that dependence upon His perfect justice, forgiveness, and love was healthy, and that it would work where nothing else would. If we really depended upon God, we couldn’t very well play God to our fellows nor would we feel the urge wholly to rely on human protection and care. These were the new attitudes that finally brought many of us an inner strength and peace that could not be deeply shaken by the shortcomings of others or by any calamity not of our own making.
This new outlook was, we learned, something especially necessary to us alcoholics. For alcoholism had been a lonely business, even though we had been surrounded by people who loved us. But when self-will had driven everybody away and our isolation had become complete, it caused us to play the big shot in cheap barrooms and then fare forth alone on the street to depend upon the charity of passers-by. We were still trying to find emotional security by being dominating or dependent upon others. Even when our fortunes had not ebbed that much and we nevertheless found ourselves alone in the world, we still vainly tried to be secure by some unhealthy kind of domination or dependence. For those of us who were like that, A.A. had a very special meaning. Through it we begin to learn right relations with people who understand us; we don’t have to be alone anymore.
Most married folks in A.A. have very happy homes. To a surprising extent, A.A. has offset the damage to family life brought about by years of alcoholism. But just like all other societies, we do have sex and marital problems, and sometimes they are distressingly acute. Permanent marriage breakups and separations, however, are unusual in A.A. Our main problem is not how we are to stay married; it is how to be more happily married by eliminating the severe emotional twists that have so often stemmed from alcoholism.
Nearly every sound human being experiences, at some time in life, a compelling desire to find a mate of the opposite sex with whom the fullest possible union can be made —spiritual, mental, emotional, and physical. This mighty urge is the root of great human accomplishments, a creative energy that deeply influences our lives. God fashioned us that way. So our question will be this: How, by ignorance, compulsion, and self-will, do we misuse this gift for our own destruction? We A.A.’s cannot pretend to offer full answers to age-old perplexities, but our own experience does provide certain answers that work for us.
When alcoholism strikes, very unnatural situations may develop which work against marriage partnership and compatible union. If the man is affected, the wife must become the head of the house, often the breadwinner. As matters get worse, the husband becomes a sick and irresponsible child who needs to be looked after and extricated from endless scrapes and impasses. Very gradually, and usually without any realization of the fact, the wife is forced to become the mother of an erring boy. And if she had a strong maternal instinct to begin with, the situation is aggravated. Obviously not much partnership can exist under these conditions. The wife usually goes on doing the best she knows how, but meanwhile the alcoholic alternately loves and hates her maternal care. A pattern is thereby established that may take a lot of undoing later on. Nevertheless, under the influence of A.A.’s Twelve Steps, these situations are often set right.*
* In adapted form, the Steps are also used by Al-Anon Family Groups. Not a part of A.A., this worldwide fellowship consists of spouses and other relatives or friends of alcoholics (in A.A. or still drinking). Its headquarters address is 1600 Corporate Landing Pkwy., Virginia Beach, VA 23454-5617.
When the distortion has been great, however, a long period of patient striving may be necessary. After the husband joins A.A., the wife may become discontented, even highly resentful that Alcoholics Anonymous has done the very thing that all her years of devotion had failed to do. Her husband may become so wrapped up in A.A. and his new friends that he is inconsiderately away from home more than when he drank. Seeing her unhappiness, he recommends A.A.’s Twelve Steps and tries to teach her how to live. She naturally feels that for years she has made a far better job of living than he has. Both of them blame each other and ask when their marriage is ever going to be happy again. They may even begin to suspect it had never been any good in the first place.
Compatibility, of course, can be so impossibly damaged that a separation may be necessary. But those cases are the unusual ones. The alcoholic, realizing what his wife has endured, and now fully understanding how much he himself did to damage her and his children, nearly always takes up his marriage responsibilities with a willingness to repair what he can and to accept what he can’t. He persistently tries all of A.A.’s Twelve Steps in his home, often with fi ne results. At this point he firmly but lovingly commences to behave like a partner instead of like a bad boy. And above all he is finally convinced that reckless romancing is not a way of life for him.
A.A. has many single alcoholics who wish to marry and are in a position to do so. Some marry fellow A.A.’s. How do they come out? On the whole these marriages are very good ones. Their common suffering as drinkers, their common interest in A.A. and spiritual things, often enhance such unions. It is only where “boy meets girl on A.A. campus,” and love follows at first sight, that difficulties may develop. The prospective partners need to be solid A.A.’s and long enough acquainted to know that their compatibility at spiritual, mental, and emotional levels is a fact and not wishful thinking. They need to be as sure as possible that no deep-lying emotional handicap in either will be likely to rise up under later pressures to cripple them. The considerations are equally true and important for the A.A.’s who marry “outside” A.A. With clear understanding and right, grown-up attitudes, very happy results do follow.
And what can be said of many A.A. members who, for a variety of reasons, cannot have a family life? At first many of these feel lonely, hurt, and left out as they witness so much domestic happiness about them. If they cannot have this kind of happiness, can A.A. offer them satisfactions of similar worth and durability? Yes—whenever they try hard to seek them out. Surrounded by so many A.A. friends, these so-called loners tell us they no longer feel alone. In partnership with others—women and men—they can devote themselves to any number of ideas, people, and constructive projects. Free of marital responsibilities, they can participate in enterprises which would be denied to family men and women. We daily see such members render prodigies of service, and receive great joys in return.
Where the possession of money and material things was concerned, our outlook underwent the same revolutionary change. With a few exceptions, all of us had been spendthrifts. We threw money about in every direction with the purpose of pleasing ourselves and impressing other people. In our drinking time, we acted as if the money supply was inexhaustible, though between binges we’d sometimes go to the other extreme and become almost miserly. Without realizing it we were just accumulating funds for the next spree. Money was the symbol of pleasure and self-importance. When our drinking had become much worse, money was only an urgent requirement which could supply us with the next drink and the temporary comfort of oblivion it brought.
Upon entering A.A., these attitudes were sharply reversed, often going much too far in the opposite direction. The spectacle of years of waste threw us into panic. There simply wouldn’t be time, we thought, to rebuild our shattered fortunes. How could we ever take care of those awful debts, possess a decent home, educate the kids, and set something by for old age? Financial importance was no longer our principal aim; we now clamoured for material security. Even when we were well re-established in our business, these terrible fears often continued to haunt us. This made us misers and penny pinchers all over again. Complete financial security we must have—or else. We forgot that most alcoholics in A.A. have an earning power considerably above average; we forgot the immense goodwill of our brother A.A.’s who were only too eager to help us to better jobs when we deserved them; we forgot the actual or potential financial insecurity of every human being in the world. And, worst of all, we forgot God. In money matters we had faith only in ourselves, and not too much of that.
This all meant, of course, that we were still far off balance. When a job still looked like a mere means of getting money rather than an opportunity for service, when the acquisition of money for financial independence looked more important than a right dependence upon God, we were still the victims of unreasonable fears. And these were fears which would make a serene and useful existence, at any financial level, quite impossible.
But as time passed we found that with the help of A.A.’s Twelve Steps we could lose those fears, no matter what our material prospects were. We could cheerfully perform humble labour without worrying about tomorrow. If our circumstances happened to be good, we no longer dreaded a change for the worse, for we had learned that these troubles could be turned into great values. It did not matter too much what our material condition was, but it did matter what our spiritual condition was. Money gradually became our servant and not our master. It became a means of exchanging love and service with those about us. When, with God’s help, we calmly accepted our lot, then we found we could live at peace with ourselves and show others who still suffered the same fears that they could get over them, too. We found that freedom from fear was more important than freedom from want.
Let’s here take note of our improved outlook upon the problems of personal importance, power, ambition, and leadership. These were reefs upon which many of us came to shipwreck during our drinking careers.
Practically every boy in the United States dreams of becoming our President. He wants to be his country’s number one man. As he gets older and sees the impossibility of this, he can smile good-naturedly at his childhood dream. In later life he finds that real happiness is not to be found in just trying to be a number one man, or even a first rate in the heart-breaking struggle for money, romance, or self importance. He learns that he can be content as long as he plays well whatever cards life deals him. He’s still ambitious, but not absurdly so, because he can now see and accept actual reality. He’s willing to stay right size.
But not so with alcoholics. When A.A. was quite young, a number of eminent psychologists and doctors made an exhaustive study of a good-sized group of so-called problem drinkers. The doctors weren’t trying to find how different we were from one another; they sought to find whatever personality traits, if any, this group of alcoholics had in common. They finally came up with a conclusion that shocked the A.A. members of that time. These distinguished men had the nerve to say that most of the alcoholics under investigation were still childish, emotionally sensitive, and grandiose.
How we alcoholics did resent that verdict! We would not believe that our adult dreams were often truly childish. And considering the rough deal life had given us, we felt it perfectly natural that we were sensitive. As to our grandiose behaviour, we insisted that we had been possessed of nothing but a high and legitimate ambition to win the battle of life.
In the years since, however, most of us have come to agree with those doctors. We have had a much keener look at ourselves and those about us. We have seen that we were prodded by unreasonable fears or anxieties into making a life business of winning fame, money, and what we thought was leadership. So false pride became the reverse side of that ruinous coin marked “Fear.” We simply had to be number one people to cover up our deep-lying inferiorities. In fitful successes we boasted of greater feats to be done; in defeat we were bitter. If we didn’t have much of any worldly success we became depressed and cowed. Then people said we were of the “inferior” type. But now we see ourselves as chips off the same old block. At heart we had all been abnormally fearful. It mattered little whether we had sat on the shore of life drinking ourselves into forgetfulness or had plunged in recklessly and wilfully beyond our depth and ability. The result was the same—all of us had nearly perished in a sea of alcohol.
But today, in well-matured A.A.’s, these distorted drives have been restored to something like their true purpose and direction. We no longer strive to dominate or rule those about us in order to gain self-importance. We no longer seek fame and honour in order to be praised. When by devoted service to family, friends, business, or community we attract widespread affection and are sometimes singled out for posts of greater responsibility and trust, we try to be humbly grateful and exert ourselves the more in a spirit of love and service. True leadership, we find, depends upon able example and not upon vain displays of power or glory.
Still more wonderful is the feeling that we do not have to be specially distinguished among our fellows in order to be useful and profoundly happy. Not many of us can be leaders of prominence, nor do we wish to be. Service, gladly rendered, obligations squarely met, troubles well accepted or solved with God’s help, the knowledge that at home or in the world outside we are partners in a common effort, the well-understood fact that in God’s sight all human beings are important, the proof that love freely given surely brings a full return, the certainty that we are no longer isolated and alone in self-constructed prisons, the surety that we need no longer be square pegs in round holes but can fi t and belong in God’s scheme of things—these are the permanent and legitimate satisfactions of right living for which no amount of pomp and circumstance, no heap of material possessions, could possibly be substitutes. True ambition is not what we thought it was. True ambition is the deep desire to live usefully and walk humbly under the grace of God.
These little studies of A.A.’s Twelve Steps now come to a close. We have been considering so many problems that it may appear that A.A. consists mainly of racking dilemmas and troubleshooting. To a certain extent, that is true. We have been talking about problems because we are problem people who have found a way up and out, and who wish to share our knowledge of that way with all who can use it. For it is only by accepting and solving our problems that we can begin to get right with ourselves and with the world about us, and with Him who presides over us all. Understanding is the key to right principles and attitudes, and right action is the key to good living; therefore the joy of good living is the theme of A.A.’s Twelfth Step.
With each passing day of our lives, may every one of us sense more deeply the inner meaning of A.A.’s simple prayer:
God grant us the serenity to accept the things we cannot change, Courage to change the things we can, And wisdom to know the difference.
Copyright © 1952, 1953, 1981 by The A.A. Grapevine, Inc. and Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing (now known as Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc.)
All rights reserved
First Printing, April 1953
Sixty-fourth Printing, January 2003
Windows Help version, July 1994*
Electronic .PDF version, September 2005+
This edition is NOT A.A. General Service Conference approved literature
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS and A.A. are registered trademarks® of A.A. World Services, In


If the standard BMW M3/M4 isn’t enough to excite you well then BMW has a surprise for you. According to a post on Bimmerpost.com, expect to see high-performance BMW M3/M4s very soon. BMW understands that its M cars must capture a wide range of enthusiasts ranging from daily driving casual enthusiasts up to track focus lap time connoisseurs.
Now that the new BMW M3 and M4 have debuted, it’s time to introduce high-performance versions with a new BMW M3 CSL and M4 CS.
The current BWM M3/M4 and their respective Competition models are very impressive performance machines. BMW is also offering all-wheel-drive for the first time on the BWM M3/M4 which makes this generation the most diverse offering by BMW yet. The normal BMW M3/M4 puts out an impressive 473 bhp with the more powerful Competition models offering up 503 bhp.
If these numbers don’t impress you then you’ll have to wait for the BMW M3 CSL or BMW M4 CS to satisfy your power needs. According to Bimmerpost.com, the upcoming BMW M4 CS will pump out 540 bhp and use an exclusive automatic transmission. The CS will also offer a host of standard carbon fibre, optional BMW M headlights as standard, and optional racing bucket seats.
The BMW M3 CSL has more mystery surrounding its final spec but we’d expect it to be very similar to the BMW M4 CS since these cars are only separated by a door count. With a power output of 540 bhp, we expect BMW’s M division to spend a lot of engineering effort working to channel this power into a usable form for customers looking for the ultimate performance BMW.


Data Mining I, 5.0 c
Course code:1DL360, Report code:DL360, 33%, DAG, NML
week: 36 - 43 Semester: Autumn 2018 (2018-09-03 - 2018-10-28)
This course is part of a joint section.
Dear students, this is some basic information about the course, so that you can plan in advance for it.
I will cover all the course theory, during the lectures. In addition, there will be labs where you can learn how to use data mining software in practice. At the labs there will be tutors to help you, but the participation is not mandatory: you can install the software on your computers and learn it at home using the provided instructions if you prefer.
At the end of this course you will have received all the information needed to perform a data mining process, both in theory and in practice.
You are expected to allocated some time, that we estimate being around 40 hours, to the project. This independent project consists in mining some real datasets. During this time, the tutors will be available to help you. You will work on the project in groups of three people, that you can form yourselves. The project gives 2 credits, and is a Pass/Fail examination.
Exams will contain both questions about the theory and exercises, as covered during the lectures, and gives 3 credits. The exam also determines your grade.


text:
My name is Quentin Sattentau,
I'm Professor of Immunology at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology,
at the University of Oxford, UK.
The title of my lecture is HIV and the Immune System.
Again, to start with a brief introduction to HIV-1 and AIDS,
there are two types of human immunodeficiency virus or HIV for short, HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Today, we're going to focus on HIV-1.
HIV-1 is responsible for the global pandemic of about 37 million infected people.
HIV-1 infects cells of the immune system,
primarily CD4 T lymphocytes,
also known as CD4+ T cells.
The death of CD4+ T cells causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
AIDS is the loss of immune competence to fight opportunistic infections and some cancers.
HIV-1 elicits innate and adaptive immune responses,
but evades these responses.
HIV-1 also forms long-lived latent reservoirs preventing viral eradication.
In order to understand HIV immunology,
we need to address the following questions.
How does HIV-1 infect and replicate in CD4 T cells and other relevant immune cells?
How does the virus cause immune pathology driving AIDS?
What is the immune response to HIV-1,
and how is this evaded by the virus?
What are we doing to develop a vaccine?
Can we eliminate HIV-1 from the infected host?

domain: medical


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March 5, 2007
NEW MEXICO – (News Release) – Day three of the 2007 Salomon New Mexico Extreme Freeride Championships unfolded under sunny skies on Taos’ famed Kachina Peak. The venue, coated with fresh snow, did not fail to live up to expectations. At just over 12,000 feet, Kachina Peak is the highest venue in North America. The elevation adds another dimension to the event as does the 30-40 minute hike to the top: athletes who are not in top shape suffer, and overall fitness comes into play.
But while the competitors have to suffer through the hike, for spectators the location is ideal. With all the rowdiest terrain at the bottom of the Kachina sector, some of the most intense action unfolds directly in front of the crowds. And there are crowds. This year over 300 people watched the entire event, with more than 600 viewing part of the festivities. It is, without a doubt, the biggest skiing event in New Mexico.
With round two dominated by Colorado athletes, the final day saw some local skiers step up and make a statement. Fluid, aggressive lines by Michael Holmquist and Marcia Ready saw both Taos skiers advance, with Holmquist moving from the 17th spot up to 6th and Ready just missing the podium with a 4th place finish. Arapahoe Basin’s George Casaletta, who was leading going into the finals by a mere point, had a few problems on his final run and slipped to 3rd. The top three spots for the men were rounded out by Boulder, Colorado’s Chuck Mumford, who finished in 2nd and nineteen-year old phenom Bryce Newcomb who skis out of Sun Valley. Newcomb steadily advanced through the ranks with solid, aggressive skiing, taking advantage of mistakes by the leaders to score the victory.
For the ladies, Squaw Valley’s Elyse Saugstad beat out Aspen’s Emily Teague with a narrow win. Illustrating the depth of talent in the women’s field was the fact that third place finisher, Crested Butte’s Carrie Jo Chernoff, was only 1.6 points behind Teague. Local telemark skier Marcia Ready rounded out the top 4.
The junior event was lead by Colorado athlete Colby Adams. The talented female athlete from Breckenridge walked away with the junior women’s title, beating out Sugar Bowl, California, athlete Rebecca Lefanowicz and Jozy Gessner who also skis out of Breckenridge.
For the junior men, all eyes were on Aspen’s Brandon Clabaugh, who, despite falling on day two, held onto 3rd place due to an extremely aggressive run on day one. Clabaugh skied rather conservatively, given his natural talents, and moved up to 2nd place. The rest of the podium was filled by Squaw Valley’s Jessie Tibbetts who advanced from third into first and Taos athlete Richard Pyatt who used a smooth fast line down Kachina to advance from 5th to 3rd on the final day. A special mention must also be made of Andre Bertoncin. One year ago, Bertoncin suffered severe injuries, requiring months of rehab. Today, he’s back on skis and finished in 7th place in the junior mens’ division.
And, while kudos are being throw out there, we have to applaud Tyson Bolduc, who took a freak fall during inspection. Bolduc was severely bruised in the incident, but fought through the pain to finish in 7th place and win the first annual Tobias Lee Spirit Award, given to the athlete that exemplifies the spirit of this amazing event. Also walking away with a trophy was Arapahoe Basin’s Justin Bunting, who took Parjilo Loco (Sick Bird) honors with a huge front flip on day two of the event. Bunting underlined the fact that he was the only choice for that honor with yet another huge flip — this time a backflip — while forerunning on the final day.
“Taos is one of the best events in North America,” said veteran competitor Elijah Lee, who presented the spirit award in honor of his brother, Tobia, who perished in an avalanche at Mt. Baker last year. “It’s a honor to award the Tobias Lee trophy, and I’m looking forward to coming back.” “It is one of my favoorite stops on the North American tour,” added Head Judge Jim Jack. “The vibe here is truly something special, and the Kachina Peak venue is world class.”
FINAL RESULTS (overall points in parenthesis):
1. Bryce Newcomb (62.4)
2. Chuck Mumford (62.0)
3. George Casaletta (60,8)
4. Elijah Lee (59.4, tie for 4th)
4. Bill Buchbauer (59.4, tie for 4th)
5. Ryan Banker (59.2)
6. Michael Holmquist (59.0)
7. Tyson Bolduc (58.6)
8. Teague Holmes (58.4)
9. Doug Evans (57.8)
10. Josh Carlson (57.4)
1. Elyse Saugstad (61.6)
2. Emily Teague (60.4)
3. Carrie Jo Chernoff (58.8)
4. Marcia Ready (57)
5. Caroline Colonna (54)
1. Jesse Tibbetts (78.2)
2. Brandon Clabaugh (78.0)
3. Richard Pyatt (77.4)
4. Amon Barker (73.2)
5. Robert Forbes (73.0)
Colby Adams (80.8)
Rebecca Lefanowicz (75.6)
Jozy Gessner (62.2)


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8mm wide flat titanium ring with silver inlay and 3 gems. Gem type and quality variable according to client budget.
Home / Engagement Rings / Solitaire diamond rings
Two tone solitaire diamond engagement ring. A round brilliant diamond set in a white gold 4-claw setting on a yellow gold shank. Diamond size and quality variable according to budget. Minimum budget = R12,000
01 January 2017
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Diamond engagement ring with round brilliant centre stone and pear-shaped side stones. Milligram detail is found on the side of th
Modern diamond eternity ring with round brilliant diamonds in a white gold ring.
10mm wide men's titanium ring with two grooves, single diamond and Greek key engraving. Gem type and quality variable according to
Marquise cut diamond surrounded by a halo of round diamonds in a white gold engagement ring. Ring can also be manufactured in plat
A round emerald is surrounded by a halo of round brilliant diamonds in this designer engagement ring. Ring can be manufactured
Cushion cut tanzanite earrings in a white gold 4-claw setting. Tanzanite size and quality dependent on client budget. Minimum b
Titanium ring, 5mm wide with 2.5mm silver twist inlay.
Princess-cut diamond halo diamond engagement ring with round brilliant diamonds in a white gold setting with a matching, fitted we
Yellow gold tube set diamond earrings with round brilliant diamonds. Diamond size and quality dependent on client budget. Minimu
Sapphire and diamond eternity wedding ring with claw-set round stones. Ring is set in white gold and stone sizes and quality is va
Heart-shaped diamond in a solitaire engagement ring. Set in white gold, this ring can also be designed in yellow gold or platin
6mm wide soft D-shape titanium ring with 1mm gold inlays. Inlay can also be manufactured in rose gold or silver.
Mokume Gane wedding rings for men, comprising silver and copper alloys and a hammered surface finish. Rings can also be manufactu
Square diamond engagement ring with round brilliant side-stone diamonds. Ring can also be manufactured in platinum, white gold or

domain: design


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Tour the Fleurieu Peninsula - Enjoy the very best coastal and inland adventures.
The Fleurieu Peninsula, located just forty minutes south of Adelaide, offers some of South Australia’s finest coastal, scenic, and culinary experiences. With its rugged coastline and views of Kangaroo Island, the region is a paradise for nature lovers.
The Fleurieu Peninsula is home to several internationally renowned wine regions, including Langhorne Creek, Currency Creek, Southern Fleurieu, and McLaren Vale, which boasts sustainable wine production and world-renowned labels. The region’s restaurants offer local produce paired with these fantastic wines, allowing you to experience the best of the Fleurieu Peninsula’s culinary offerings.
In addition to its stunning natural beauty and delicious food and drink, the Fleurieu Peninsula also boasts a rich history and fascinating townships. Whether you’re looking to explore the region’s national parks, stroll along its pristine sandy beaches, or learn more about its history and culture, there is something for everyone on the Fleurieu Peninsula.
At Ambler Touring, we specialize in small-group private tours of the Fleurieu Peninsula, and we can help you design your perfect day out.
We have small fridges on board to keep your refreshments cool, and we provide bottled water to keep you hydrated.
Contact us today to start planning your next touring experience on the Fleurieu Peninsula. Your day tasting sensational wines, enjoying lovingly crafted food, and non-stop views awaits.
Langhorne Creek Tour Suggested Itinerary
- Pickup from Accommodation – 9:00 am
- Bremerton Winery – 10:00 am
- Kym Bolton Winery – 12:00 pm
- Lunch Option – Lake Breeze- 1:00 pm
- Rusticana Winery -2:30 pm
- Newman’s Horseradish Farm – 2:30 pm
- Bleasdale Winery – 3:30 pm
- Return to Accommodation – 5:30 pm
- Tasting Fees, & Experiences ARE included
- Select from options when booking in Extras
- Lunch is NOT included
- Water provided onboard
- NO alcohol, drugs, food, or drinks not to be consumed in our vehicles
- $200 soiling fee may apply
- All Extras & Experiences are subject to availability
- Hotel Pickups available. See list

domain: geography


The Place For The Latest Movie Reviews
This candid documentary chronicles the efforts of overweight "regular Joe" Miles A. Forman to shed, once and for all, the extra 50 pounds that have burdened him for years. As Forman struggles to lose his excess baggage, he discovers -- and exposes -- the ugly underbelly of the profit-motivated weight-loss industry, along with the misconceptions that many Americans still hold about dieting and obesity.
I would guess those that are battling to keep their weight down might connect to this film more so than I did as far as relating to Miles but I did feel his pain and even learned a few things along the way. The film is pretty impressive for a low-budget effort and you can tell the film makers did their research as well. The story not only follows Miles on his mission to lose weight but it also sheds light on what big brother is not doing or telling us about but if you seen other films such as "Fast Food Nation" then none of it will come as a surprise to any of you but I do see it making you as angry as it makes me. What I liked about this film was the way you got to be a part of Mile journey, it gave the film a much needed personal feel and as the story moves along you really begin to care about this man. This guy not only battled his weight but the depression and self doubt that came with it. The film can be shocking with all it's facts but it is also inspiring,thought-provoking, and insightful as well as having some very funny moments as well. I watched this with my Teenage daughter and we were both cheering Miles on by the time the film was about to wrap up. I highly recommend this film to everyone, also make sure you watch past the credits for an end scene as it is one you don't want to miss. I must give a shout out to Director, Michael Landsberg and everyone else involved in the film for bringing to light not only the weight issues facing many of us today but all the other problems caused by the people we put our trust in.
Released by Indican Pictures
***** Out Of *****


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Portrait of John Denison Rogers
Thomas Birch (American (born in England), 1779–1851)
Not in Karolik (1962) cat.
Sheet: 11.7 x 9.2 cm (4 5/8 x 3 5/8 in.)
Medium or Technique
Graphite and wash on paper
Not On View
Bust profile to left. Included in matt is a paper with graphite sketch of a young woman and sail boats, with water color swatches. The paper’s width approximates that of Rogers’ portraits’ height, and is creased in such a manner as to suggest its use as a wrapper or folder for Rogers’ portrait.
On back of frame: Painted by/ Thos Birch/ No 39 Spruce St./ Philadelphia
Bequest of Maxim Karolik for the proposed M. and M. Karolik Collection of American Watercolors, Drawings, and Prints, 1800-1875; September 23, 1964
Bequest of Maxim Karolik

domain: artistic


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The pandemic has led to most of us being stuck indoors for unhealthy amounts of time. That kind of thing can have long-lasting effects that I’m not sure we’re ready to deal with. Steven Soderbergh approaches the issue in the form of a Rear Window-esque thriller titled KIMI, starring The Batman and High Fidelity‘s Zoe Kravitz.
In KIMI, Kravitz plays a woman most of us can relate to. Stuck in quarantine like the rest of us, she’s learned to rely almost entirely on the digital comforts of home, does ZOOM meetings in her cozy houseclothes, and has taken perhaps an obsessive interest in her neighbors. She also has a ridiculous job as a voicestream interpreter that allows her to work remotely. It’s through this profession that she believes she’s intercepted a premeditated murder, captured on her Alexa-like device, Kimi.
You think anybody believes her? Does anybody EVER believe it when this happens in the movies? Of course not.
The script was penned by David Koepp, and is the latest in Soderbergh’s deal with HBO Max. His most recent films No Sudden Move and Let Them All talk were on the streaming network.
KIMI will stream on HBO Max beginning February 10th.


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Mini Cases in Psychoactive Drugs and Their Effects on the Brain
Christopher Newport University
Designed for an upper-level psychology class titled Brain & Behavior, this series of mini-cases can be used in any undergraduate course that covers the major classes of commonly abused legal and illicit psychoactive drugs from a biological standpoint, i.e., understanding how these drugs affect the brain. Each case presents a scenario that college-level students can relate to about an individual using each of the major drug classes (stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, etc.). Students are then asked to determine what drug each of the cases is referring to, the subjective effects of the drug that have been reported, and what the biological mechanisms of the drug are, which they present to the class.
- Identify the different classes of psychoactive drugs of abuse.
- Explain and identify the major neurotransmitters, receptors, transporters, and brain structures involved in the mechanism of action of drugs of abuse.
- Identify the subjective effects of psychoactive drugs of abuse.
- Expand upon students' research abilities through the use of other sources besides the textbook.
- Apply biologically related research findings to a real-life scenario.
- Synthesize and present research findings in an understandable way to the rest of the class in order to hone the student's public speaking abilities and enhance peer-led learning
KeywordsSubstance use; drug abuse; addictive drugs; addiction mechanism; stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens; neurotransmitter; brain; central nervous system
Educational LevelUndergraduate lower division, Undergraduate upper division
Type / MethodsDiscussion, Mini-Case, Student Presentations
Subject HeadingsNeuroscience | Psychology | Pharmacy / Pharmacology | Biology (General) | Physiology | Public Health |
Case teaching notes are password-protected and access to them is limited to paid subscribed instructors. To become a paid subscriber, begin the process by registering.
Teaching notes are intended to help teachers select and adopt a case. They typically include a summary of the case, teaching objectives, information about the intended audience, details about how the case may be taught, and a list of references and resources.


Special Counsel Robert Mueller is rolling up witnesses to get them to flip and to testify against other witnesses, to get them to flip and to testify against other witnesses, working his way up the ladder to the top in classic prosecutorial fashion.
The Los Angeles Times reports that the Special Counsel has got Rick Gates to flip to testify against Paul Manafort, to bring pressure to bear on Manafort to get him to flip against higher-ups. Former Trump aide Richard Gates to plead guilty; agrees to testify against Manafort, sources say:
A former top aide to Donald Trump’s presidential campaign will plead guilty to fraud-related charges within days — and has made clear to prosecutors that he would testify against Paul Manafort, the lawyer-lobbyist who once managed the campaign.
The change of heart by Trump’s former deputy campaign manager Richard Gates, who had pleaded not guilty after being indicted in October on charges similar to Manafort’s, was described in interviews by people familiar with the case.
“Rick Gates is going to change his plea to guilty,” said a person with direct knowledge of the new developments, adding that the revised plea will be presented in federal court in Washington “within the next few days.”
That individual and others who discussed the matter spoke on condition of anonymity, citing a judge’s gag order restricting comments about the case to the news media or public.
Gates’ defense lawyer, Thomas C. Green, did not respond to messages left by phone and email. Peter Carr, a spokesman for special counsel Robert S. Mueller III, declined on Saturday to comment.


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Simple food but very yummy, eaten with rice.Yum Khai Tom or eggs spicy salad so easy to make it. Some guy said will good if with beer lol somebody said never have seen this menu but I often cook because some time don’t know what to cook for eat and this menu so easy and fast for cook too.
Ingredients :Eggs boiled, chilies,onion, green onion, coriander, lemon, fish sauce.
I’m make blog about travel in Thailand, you can see me on my profiles. Thank you.
by KanyaBotan :
Blog : http://thailandhere.blogspot.com/
FB : https://www.facebook.com/TravelinThailandbyBotan
G+ : https://plus.google.com/u/0/113385225930968971659/posts
Twitter : https://twitter.com/kanya120
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domain: food


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Top 9 scenic spots in Bali not to miss
It’s undeniable that Bali is an island paradise but with many people choosing to spend time at the beach, they miss out on the parts of Bali that are less explored. The island may be small but it packs a punch, with lookout points and mountain views that are just waiting to be discovered. Below is a list of the top scenic spots for you to check out on your next trip to Bali.
This lookout is just on the side of the road but one of the most beautiful places on the island to watch the sunrise. Few venture to west Bali but it’s authenticity and untouched nature make it the perfect place to stay for a few days and unwind from the chaos of the south. It’s best enjoyed at sunrise, as you’re more likely to have clear skies. The later you wait the lower your chances will be as the cloud comes in and obscures all the views.
To get here you have to go to Balian beach and from there take Jalan Banjar Surabrata inland for around 10 minutes and you’ll come to the lookout. For the exact location click here
for the map.
Sunset point – Amed
Amed is a divers heaven, with reef after reef and coral gardens to keep you busy exploring for weeks but above the water is the Amed lookout point. On a clear day you can have views over to Agung and further west to Batukaru. It’s the perfect place to have a beer and watch the sun set over the mountains. You will likely have to share this place with others and the access is very easy, just cruise up the Amed hill and the lookout is at the top. The lookout is on the side of the road and there is a parking area and food for sale.
for exact directions to the lookout.
The lookout in Kintamani/Penelokan is one of the most scenic views on the island. The viewpoint looks out over Gunung Batur and Gunung Agung and also over the Batur Lake. If you can’t make it up Batur to watch the sunrise then this is the 2nd best option. You just head along the Kintamani – Penelokan road and you can’t miss it as the whole road follows the crater rim along and you have breathtaking views the whole way. If you get lost then click here
for the directions.
Summit of Gunung Agung
If you have the physical capabilities then this is by far the most beautiful viewpoint on the entire island. From the summit of the highest volcano, you can see all the way to Rinjani, the highest volcano on Lombok some 80km’s away. You will also have the most amazing views over to Lake Batur and the whole north coast of Bali. For a guide on how to climb Gunung Agung check out Climbing Gunung Agung – An Adventure Guide.
Sunset from Nyang Nyang beach
Nyang Nyang is a little known beach in the south of Bali just a short drive from Uluwatu. The thing that keeps people away is that you have to walk around 20 minutes down the rocky cliff side to reach it. Don’t let this put you off because once you reach the bottom you’ll have the whole beach to yourself and if the weather is good, you’ll be treated to a great light show. Getting to Nyang Nyang
is straight forward and parking is available at the resort at the top. From here take the rocky path down to the beach but don’t stay too late as coming back up in the dark isn’t ideal. Directions to the parking lot can be found here.
Kubu village is one of the most authentic Indonesian places you could ask for. Almost untouched by tourists, the field just south of Kubu is one of the most beautiful spots on the island. It offers the best views over to Gunung Agung where you can’t help but feel small in comparison. It can be hit and miss here but your best chance is to come for sunrise as the sky is usually less cloudy in the mornings. If you’re staying in Tulamben or Amed then it’s a short trip here. It’s advisable to stay in one of these places as the travel time can be very lengthy from other parts of the island. Kubu can be found by clicking here
Tengenungan waterfall is one of the most popular in Bali but also offers a fantastic viewpoint over the falls. The sunrises over the palm trees and if you come early, you’ll see the light radiate through the mist from the falls turning it all sorts of beautiful colours. It’s one of the more popular falls in Bali so be sure to arrive early to beat the crowds.
Entrance fee is 10,000 rupiah and parking is 5,000 rupiah. Directions can be found here
Want to see more waterfalls in Bali?
Uluwatu really needs no introduction as it’s been a long time favourite for photographers, tourists and people just looking to watch the sunset. It’s a hard place to beat, and with its close proximity to the major tourist hubs it will continue to be popular for a long time to come. Directions to Uluwatu can be found here
Jatuluwih is located in the Tabanan regency and with the striking image of rice fields and the huge Gunung Batukaru in the background it’s quite the place to check out. Located at 700m above sea level, the area experiences considerably lower temperatures than the lower plains and is a great day trip from anywhere in the south.
The best views of Jatuwulih are actually from the small village of Blimbing
and you have magnificent views out over the rice terraces. If you continue along the road heading north you’ll come to a small town of Poedjoengan and this is the entry point to go to one of the highest waterfalls on the island – Blahmantung Falls.

domain: travel


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- Perfect Steak
March 23, 2019
4:00 pm - 6:00 pm
During these bone-chilling winter months, who wants to go out in the cold to start up the grill? Let us teach you how to cook up a perfect mouth-watering steak indoors!
We will discuss common cuts of meat, where to source the freshest beef in Longmont and what to look for when choosing that juiciest steak at the market!
Recipes: Rosemary Compound Butter, The Perfect Steak & Seared Radicchio and Pistachio Salad
Taught By Chef Andrea Foro
In order to plan appropriately for each class, it is necessary to meet registration minimums. We will determine this 48 hours prior to the class start time so please don’t wait until the last minute to sign-up! We encourage everyone to confirm their registration and payment 7 days in advance if possible.


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Picture this: a warm, cheesy, homemade lasagna fresh from the oven, with your backyard chickens eagerly peeking through the kitchen window, hoping to catch a whiff of that delicious scent. If you’re a proud chicken owner, you might be wondering if these feathered friends can also partake in your delectable culinary creation. Before you go handing out plates of lasagna to your clucking crew, it’s important to learn if this dish is suitable for their diet, and the potential benefits and risks associated with it, in order to keep their nutrition balanced and their tummies happy. Dive into our upcoming blog post for all the delicious details on serving up that lasagna surprise for your curious, pecking pals!
Can chickens eat lasagna?
Yes, chickens can eat lasagna, but it should be given in moderation. Lasagna can provide a tasty treat for your flock, but it should not make up a significant portion of their diet. Ensure that your chickens continue to receive a balanced diet of poultry feed, vegetables, and other suitable foods for optimal health.
Balance is key: Chickens need a well-rounded diet
Just like humans, chickens require a balanced diet in order to keep them healthy and thriving. Maintaining the right mix of nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals, ensures that these feathery friends can develop strong bodies, lay quality eggs, and maintain their overall well-being.
At the heart of a chicken’s diet is high-quality chicken feed, which should comprise 80-90% of their daily nutritional intake. This chicken feed is specially formulated to provide the optimal levels of nutrients needed by your backyard pals. With the right base in place, you can then supplement their meals with treats consisting of fruits and vegetables, taking up the remaining 10-20% of their total diet. This extra variety can help support their nutritional needs, while also offering some added flavor to their pecking routines!
Nutritional value of lasagna for chickens.
While not an ideal food source, lasagna does offer some nutritional value for chickens when fed in moderation. The pasta used in lasagna contains carbohydrates that can provide energy to chickens. Additionally, the cheese and meat components contribute proteins and fats essential for maintaining body functions and egg production.
However, lasagna may also contain some ingredients that are not the best for chickens. For instance, excessive amounts of salt, garlic, and onion found in some lasagna recipes can be harmful to your flock over time. It is important to ensure that the lasagna served to your chickens is low in these ingredients to reduce any potential health risks.
Lasagna on its own does not supply all the necessary vitamins and minerals that chickens need, but it can still deliver certain benefits. For example, if a lasagna recipe contains ingredients like spinach or other nutrient-rich vegetables, it may impart some vitamins and minerals that contribute to a chicken’s overall health. In summary, while lasagna does not constitute a complete meal for chickens, it can still offer some nutritional value when served as an occasional treat in combination with their regular diet.
Nutrition table of lasagna for chickens.
|Contains carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, but not a complete source of vitamins and minerals.
|Suggested Serving Size
|Small portions, given occasionally as a treat.
|Safe Feeding Practices
|Ensure lasagna is low in salt, garlic, and onions, and avoid replacing their regular diet with lasagna.
|Remove any potentially harmful ingredients and cut lasagna into small, manageable pieces for chickens to peck.
|High amounts of salt, garlic, and onions can be harmful. Always prioritize a balanced diet over frequent lasagna treats.
|Lasagna contains some moisture, but always ensure access to clean, fresh water for your chickens.
|Offer lasagna in moderation to prevent digestive issues and avoid disrupting their regular diet.
|Lasagna can be prepared year-round, but consider offering seasonal fruits and vegetables as healthier treat options.
|Can provide some variety and interest for chickens, but prioritize nutrient-dense treats over lasagna.
How to prepare lasagna for your chickens
When preparing lasagna for your chickens, ensure that you remove any potentially harmful ingredients, such as those containing high levels of salt, onions, or garlic. Cut lasagna into small, manageable pieces that your chickens can easily peck and consume, preventing choking hazards. Remember, lasagna should only be offered as an occasional treat and should not become a staple of their diet.
Alternative treats for your flock
While lasagna can be a fun and occasional indulgence for your backyard birds, there are plenty of healthier and more nutrient-dense treats to consider. When looking for nutritious alternatives, consider offering fruits and vegetables such as leafy greens, berries, apples, or melons. Additionally, whole grains and insects like mealworms or earthworms are great protein sources that can satisfy your chickens’ dietary needs.
A clucking conclusion
In the end, it turns out that our feathered friends can indeed enjoy the delicious, gooey world of lasagna, albeit in small portions and as an occasional treat. Always prioritize a balanced diet, complemented by high-quality chicken feed, fruits, vegetables, and other healthier treats. With a sound nutrition plan in place, your chickens will continue to reward you with their delightful company, adorable antics, and the freshest, most scrumptious eggs their happy, healthy bodies can produce. Happy lasagna sharing, fellow chicken lovers!
FAQ: All Your Clucking Questions Answered
Are you still pecking around for answers to some common questions about feeding lasagna to chickens? Don’t worry! We’ve got you covered with this handy FAQ section that tackles the most frequently asked questions in relation to this blog post. Let’s dig right in!
1. Can chickens eat lasagna?
Yes, chickens can eat lasagna as an occasional treat, but it should not make up a significant portion of their diet.
2. What are the nutritional values of lasagna for chickens?
Lasagna offers some nutrients to chickens, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. However, it does not provide a complete range of vitamins and minerals that chickens need.
3. Can lasagna replace a chicken’s regular diet?
No, lasagna should not replace a chicken’s regular diet. A balanced diet with high-quality chicken feed plus fruits and vegetables should make up the majority of their food intake.
4. How often should I give lasagna to my chickens?
Lasagna should be served occasionally as a treat and not as a regular part of their diet.
5. What are the potential risks of feeding lasagna to chickens?
Feeding lasagna too often can lead to an unbalanced diet, and certain ingredients like excessive salt, garlic, and onions can be harmful to your flock.
6. Should I give lasagna to my chickens if they are laying eggs?
You can give small amounts of lasagna to your egg-laying chickens, but it is crucial that they receive a well-balanced diet for consistent and quality egg production.
7. How should I prepare lasagna for my chickens?
Remove any potentially harmful ingredients, and cut lasagna into small, manageable pieces for your chickens to peck and consume.
8. Can lasagna provide hydration to my chickens?
Though lasagna may contain some moisture, always ensure your chickens have access to clean, fresh water, as it is their primary source of hydration.
9. Can lasagna cause digestive issues in chickens?
Feeding lasagna in moderation should not cause digestive issues, but it is important not to disrupt their regular, balanced diet.
10. What are some healthier alternatives to lasagna for my chickens?
Consider offering more nutritious treats like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and insects like mealworms or earthworms, which provide more essential nutrients for your chickens.


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Real Madrid have produced video evidence claiming that Barcelona midfielder Sergio Busquets issued a racist slur towards Real Madrid full-back Marcelo.
The footage, which can be seen at the 1:50 mark of this video at RealMadrid.com, shows Busquets partially covering his mouth while speaking to Marcelo.
The video's captioning seems to claim that Busquets is saying, "Mono, mono," which translates from Spanish into English as, "Monkey, monkey."
Barcelona declined to give comment to Goal.com regarding the allegations contained in the video.
Busquets was one of six players reported by Madrid to European governing body Uefa for 'unsporting conduct' following the recent meeting of the two sides.
Uefa have reportedly dismissed Real Madrid's complaints but are conducting their own disciplinary procedures against the two teams.

domain: news


A agreeable occupation for the mind; diversion or amusement: The daily crossword puzzle provides entertainment for many people.
Something affording pleasure, diversion, or amusement: A musical performance provided much entertainment at the ball.
Entertaiment is a fascinating topic to study, especially given the current state of the recording industry and film business. Whether it’s bargain hunting on eBay or Craigslist, or swapping tunes with friends, there are plenty of ways to keep entertained. But what’s entertaining for one person or group of people may not be entertainment for another. The fall 2011 issue of TEN (Transformational Entertainment News) explored the many forms that entertainment takes. Click here for the article. For more articles on the topic of entertainment, see our list below. If you have a suggestion for an article, please contact us.


Loading/Unloading System handles insulated glass.
Utilizing ABB 6-axis robot and machine vision technology, insulated glass (IG) automatic load and unloading system can precisely locate rack slots to load and unload glass and can be calibrated for various glass and unit thicknesses. Capable of handling a large range of glass sizes, system also features seamless integration with line controls. System that can pick single lites from slotted racks...Read More »
JLG Awarded $33.7 Million Contract for ATLAS II Telehandlers from U.S. Army
McConnellsburg, Pa., April 16, 2009 -- JLG Industries, Inc., an Oshkosh Corporation company [NYSE: OSK], announced today that it has received an order from the United States Army for 214 JLG-® All Terrain Lifter Army System (ATLAS) II telehandlers. This contract is valued at $33.7 million, with the first units scheduled for delivery in September. This contract demonstrates JLG's ability to...Read More »
Freedom Metals Inc, in Louisville KY Purchased Harris Gorilla®
Peachtree City, GA, April 15, 2009: The Gorilla 100S 4 13/9 was installed last year in 2008 according to Bruce Blue , President CEO , Freedom Metals, Inc; is running great and we have already seen costs savings. We love the Harris Gorilla because of its sturdiness, quality and structure of the machine. Freedom Metals Inc, started their recycling business in 1983 using an upstroke baler, they have...Read More »
Utility Trucks capture trim and scrap waste.
Rotationally molded from 100% polyethylene, MOD 39 Series captures 24 cu-ft of cut, shredded, or continuously fed paper, plastic film, or other type of waste material. Trucks feature safety rolled top rim and tapered shape that permits nesting. When filled, units are rolled away, transferring material to baler for recycling or disposal. Available in 8 sizes ranging from 6-20 bushel capacity,...Read More »
3 Formulation Methods to Reduce Lean Giveaway for Processed Meat
Download this white paper, and learn about three methods that can help you improve your bottom line and yield by reducing lean tissue giveaway.Read More »
Order Fulfillment Solutions are built to meet unique needs.
FlexAgility Order Fulfillment Solutions focuses on evaluating and improving order fulfillment while designing systems. Service combines order fulfillment with flexible, team-approach to problem solving and agile philosophy of analysis and best practices. Specifically, service blends design, equipment, software, controls, and integration into one offering that delivers an optimized solution that...Read More »
IT-50 PNEUMATI-CAM Rotary Part Handlers
The Pneumati-Cam light weight series of lift and rotate part handlers are designed for small component part transfer where a full mechanical or pneumatic pick and place device is not suitable. Utilizing an AC motor and simple pneumatic cylinder it can be integrated into virtually any machine design including clean room environments.Read More »
Bulk Supply Systems transfer sealants and adhesives.
Featuring NXT air motor, small ram bulk supply systems transfer sealants and adhesives from 5, 7 and 16 gal containers. Graco L20c supply system suits low-volume applications of low-viscosity materials not requiring extra pressure, while Graco S20 is designed for low-volume in-plant applications of medium to high-viscosity materials. Models come with Graco Check-Mate-® pumps featuring disconnect...Read More »
Saudi Converter to Add Second Davis-Standard Line
March 30, 2009 (Fulton, N.Y.)--Obeikan Investment Group of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, recently purchased a new stretch film line from Davis-Standard, LLC to accommodate the company's global business expansion. As one of the largest converters in the Middle East, Obeikan is a leader in the liquid packaging, flexible film, publishing and printing markets. The new line, slated for a June 2009...Read More »
Pallet Washer cleans up to five pallets/min.
Allowing stacks up to 14 pallets high, stainless steel wash-down constructed Thiele pallet washer automatically removes contamination from all areas of reusable plastic pallet, reducing odor and potential of disease due to bacteria build-up. It unstacks individual pallet, washes it, and then restacks it. Optional features offered are PLC and touch screen for display of diagnostic information and...Read More »
Modular Storage System adapts to application demands.
Featuring automatic loading and unloading as well as shelves that can be accessed at any time, TruStore and LiftMaster Cart can accommodate additional modules while offering flexibility to adapt to changing business conditions. Basic version of TruStore 3130 consists of storage module with up to 15 storage compartments in first tower, 21 pallets in second, and manual storage and retrieval station...Read More »
Fresh Air Intake Designed to Meet ASHRAE 62.2 standards
Alan Manufacturing has a long history of developing innovative solutions for HVAC applications. With over 1,000 product designs under our belt, we have gained a reputation as the go-to source for HVAC dampers, hardware, duct supports, zone control systems, and much more. Adding to this extensive list of achievements we now announce the release of our new line of Fresh Air Intake products. Designed to meet ASHRAE 62.2 standards, they are the most robust and high-performance product of their kind. See our video to learn more.Read More »


In the thriving business environment of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where innovation and progress are constants, the role of digital marketing services has risen to prominence. As businesses seek to capture the attention of a digitally savvy population, the realm of digital marketing emerges as an essential tool for brand visibility, customer engagement, and business growth. This article delves into the world of digital marketing services in the UAE, exploring their significance, key strategies, benefits, and how they contribute to shaping the modern business landscape.
The Digital Shift in the UAE
The UAE’s transformation into a global hub for business, tourism, and innovation has led to a rapid increase in internet penetration and digital connectivity. With a tech-savvy population that embraces digital platforms, businesses across industries are recognizing the need to adapt and capitalize on the digital shift. This is where digital marketing services come into play, enabling businesses to leverage online platforms to reach their target audiences effectively.
Key Digital Marketing Strategies in the UAE
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO): In a landscape where online searches drive consumer decision-making, SEO plays a critical role. Effective SEO strategies help businesses optimize their websites to rank higher in search engine results pages, increasing visibility and driving organic traffic.
- Social Media Marketing: With a strong social media presence being a cultural norm in the UAE, social media marketing is a potent strategy. Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter are used to engage with audiences, share content, and build brand loyalty.
- Content Marketing: Valuable content is the cornerstone of digital marketing success. By creating informative, entertaining, and relevant content, businesses can position themselves as industry experts and forge meaningful connections with their audience.
- Pay-Per-Click (PPC) Advertising: PPC campaigns allow businesses to place targeted ads on search engines and social media platforms. This method ensures that ads are displayed to users actively searching for relevant products or services, maximizing the chances of conversion.
- Email Marketing: Email remains an effective communication tool. In the UAE, personalized and targeted email campaigns can foster engagement, promote offers, and nurture customer relationships.
- Influencer Collaborations: The UAE boasts a vibrant influencer culture. Partnering with local influencers can amplify brand visibility and credibility, as they have a loyal following that trusts their recommendations.
- Mobile Optimization: Mobile devices are ubiquitous in the UAE. Ensuring that websites and content are mobile-responsive is crucial to providing a seamless user experience.
Benefits of Digital Marketing Services in the UAE
- Enhanced Brand Visibility: Digital marketing services help businesses cut through the noise. It captures the attention of their target audience, increasing brand visibility and recognition.
- Precise Audience Targeting: The ability to target specific demographics and segments enables businesses to deliver tailored messages. It must deliver for the right audience, improving the efficiency of marketing efforts.
- Real-Time Analytics: Digital marketing provides access to real-time data and analytics. This data helps businesses measure the effectiveness of campaigns, identify trends, and make informed decisions.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to traditional advertising methods, digital marketing services often offer a more cost-effective way to reach a larger audience.
- Global Reach: The digital landscape knows no boundaries. Businesses in the UAE can expand their reach beyond local markets, tapping into international audiences.
UAE’s Unique Digital Marketing Landscape
- Multilingual Approach: The UAE is a multicultural society with a diverse population. Digital marketing services must often cater to multiple languages and cultural preferences to effectively engage with different segments.
- E-Commerce Growth: E-commerce is flourishing in the UAE. Businesses need robust digital marketing strategies to compete in this fast-growing space.
- Tourism and Hospitality: The UAE is a prominent tourist destination. Digital marketing services cater to the hospitality sector, ensuring that hotels, resorts, and travel experiences are effective. It promoted to both local and international tourists.
- Local Search Optimization: As people increasingly rely on digital devices. For local searches, businesses in the UAE must optimize their online presence for local SEO. Ensuring they’re discoverable by users searching for nearby offerings.
Case Study: A UAE E-Commerce Success Story
“TechStyle Trends,” a homegrown UAE e-commerce startup, partnered with a digital marketing agency to boost its online presence. The agency implemented a comprehensive strategy that included SEO optimization, social media campaigns, and influencer partnerships. Through targeted efforts, the startup experienced a significant increase in website traffic, brand recognition, and ultimately, sales.
In the evolving landscape of the UAE, digital marketing consultancy services have become an indispensable tool for businesses seeking growth, visibility, and customer engagement. As the population embraces digital platforms and online experiences, the role of effective digital marketing becomes increasingly crucial. By harnessing strategies such as SEO, social media marketing, content creation, and influencer collaborations, businesses can navigate the digital realm with finesse. Establishing a strong online presence and connecting with their target audience in meaningful ways. As the UAE continues its journey of progress and innovation, the power of digital marketing services remains an essential companion for businesses on their path to success.


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What’s being heralded as one of the nation’s first all-electric fleets of taxi cabs could soon be hitting the streets in Arlington, Virginia. The fleet would consist of Nissan Leaf electric cars and would include a supporting infrastructure capable of keeping this fleet going around the clock.
EV Taxicabs, according to the Washington Examiner, needs to first gain approval of th
e Arlington county board of supervisors before it can begin operation. It looks likely it will happen, given that the county manager there has already recommended the company be granted approval for 40 cabs out of a total of 65 new vehicles being added to the county’s existing 765 cabs. Go here for full article.
Yes, Virginia, There Will Be Community Solar | EarthTechling.
by Lauren Craig, November 13th, 2011
Dominion Virginia Power wants to get into the community solar business. The company has asked the Virginia State Corporation Commission to approve a multi-year pilot program to expand the company’s understanding of community-based solar energy development. The utility plans to lease 30-50 sites on rooftops and grounds of commercial businesses and public facilities for community-owned photovotaic (PV) systems. The systems will generate enough electricity to power about 6,000 homes.
The utility hasn’t named specific locations for the systems, but at least four of the sites would be in community settings, such as local government buildings, schools, community associations, neighborhood associations or nonprofit organizations. While details of the program remain to be sorted out, the company says it would own and operate the PV systems, and program participants would receive credit for leasing space for the installations. A Web-enabled monitor at the facility would display information about the installation’s output, and the utility would report the study results of each project to the commission annually. For full article.


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Priyanka Chopra recently celebrated her 40th birthday on July 18, which was her first one with daughter Malti Marie Chopra Jonas and it seems like the actress had a blast this year! The actress was joined by her husband, American popstar Nick Jonas, mother Madhu Chopra and cousin Parineeti Chopra as well. Her manager and her best friends were also part of her Mexico trip.
Parineeti Chopra shares ‘photo dump’ from Priyanka Chopra’s 40th birthday celebrations in Mexico with Nick Jonas, Madhu Chopra and friends, see pics
Now, Parineeti has shared series of photos from their vacation which included beach side parties and pool moments and more.
"Bday photo dump no.2. It was a whirlwind 48 hours of pure celebration, jet lag, tacos, hugs, laughs and the ocean! Will take a week to recover from, and a lifetime to forget! Happy bday to the world’s desi girl, but my mimi didi. I love you. @priyankachopra," Parineeti wrote.
View this post on Instagram
On the work front, Parineeti Chopra will next star in Sooraj Barjatya's Unnchai with Amitabh Bachchan, Anupam Kher and more.
ALSO READ: From pool parties to beach moments, Priyanka Chopra shares photos from Mexico vacation for her 40th birthday with Nick Jonas, baby Malti, Parineeti Chopra
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UPDATE: On Friday afternoon, Covermore announced it was suspending sales of its "Cancel for any reason" travel insurance in Australia and New Zealand.
Covermore CEO, Asia Pacific, Judith Crompton said the decision was made for an interim period while the company assesses the risk profile and immediate sustainability with Zurich, Covermore's underwriter in Australia and New Zealand.
"Cover-More is very proud of our CFAR product which we have pioneered in Australia and New Zealand since April 2018. And we absolutely want it to build into a long-term sustainable feature of our travel insurance offer in the Australian and NZ travel markets."
"We have not taken this decision lightly and we stress that we hope this suspension will enable us to keep CFAR in market in the longer term."
"We are in unchartered waters and unprecedented times for the travel industry with the global impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and we will continue to do everything we can to support our travel agents and partners and Australian and New Zealand travellers," Ms Crompton said.
Our original story below
As the coronavirus outbreak becomes more widespread, travellers worldwide are cancelling trips or delaying holiday plans, forcing airlines to cut flights.
On Tuesday Qantas said it would slash a quarter of its international flight capacity in response to the drop in forward bookings, while carriers in Asia have been hit even harder.
Many holidaymakers are reluctant to travel without travel insurance, with most providers refusing to cover medical expenses or cancellations due to the virus since it became a "known event" in late January.
But there are ways you can have limited cover. Covermore still promises to insure most of its customers who contract coronavirus overseas.
"The vast majority of our policies provide cover for medical expenses if you travel overseas and contract the coronavirus," a spokeswoman said.
Cancel for any reason (CFAR) insurance, which is more widely available in the US than Australia, is also offered through Covermore. The insurer offers the product through NRMA Insurance and a range of travel agents including Flight Centre, Helloworld or Travellers Choice.
CFAR provides coverage for 75 per cent of non-refundable travel, up to a limit of $10,000.
"If customers purchased our CFAR add-on before they paid for their travel, there is also cover available for cancellation."
A Covermore spokeswoman said the insurer had seen a boost in enquiries about the product.
"We are receiving a significantly increased volume of calls and emails about coronavirus and our Cancel For Any Reason add-on," she said.
Choice insurance expert Jodi Bird said CFAR cover is an "additional premium on top of your standard insurance".
And he warned there are strict conditions, like purchasing the cover within 48 hours of booking your flights. The cancellation must also be made within 48 hours of the flight, so if your travel destination is cut off the day before your trip, you're out of luck. And the cover is not cheap.
"Anecdotally someone was quoted $750 for a four-week trip to Europe, that's on top of their regular insurance," he said.
Julie and Peter Oakes, from Robertson near Bowral in NSW, warned that the extra coverage was totally meaningless if it wasn't purchased within 48 hours of booking flights.
The retired couple is cancelling their trip to the UK in June over fears of the coronavirus, and say the $700 CFAR insurance was no help in recouping costs.
They purchased the coverage about two weeks after booking their flights in December, but say they weren't warned about the 48-hour time limit at the NRMA office (though it is listed in the Product Disclosure Statement).
"We couldn't believe it," Ms Oakes said.
Their flights can be refunded through the travel agent, but the couple wants their $700 back. NRMA Insurance has been contacted for comment.
Mr Bird said the CFAR policy was also unlikely to cover coronavirus-related cancellations once your trip has begun.
"For example if you're in the US and you get put in hospital or quarantine you're going to have pretty expensive costs."
NRMA says it "wouldn't cover cancellation costs if your tour gets cancelled because of the coronavirus outbreak".
While most insurers have declared coronavirus a "known event" which voids their coverage, Mr Bird said he's heard of some instances where consumers have been able to get their insurer to agree to provide medical cover.
"It's a case by case scenario of getting coverage. I think they're assessing and going there's not a huge risk of incurring medical expenses in Bali at the moment so we'll cover you - but they're not advertising that.
"If Indonesia suddenly announces 1000 cases they'll probably cut off coverage.
"I think they're very concerned about the upside of the risk so they're not going out and publicising it."
Mr Bird said travellers are generally more protected now than in the past, with more than 90 per cent of people taking out travel insurance before they go overseas.
"Where the under-insurance has crept in is people understanding what they're covered for. People just expect they buy insurance and they'll be covered for a pandemic but this has highlighted that's not the case."
Mr Bird said last week the underwriters of Budget Direct, Auto & General Insurance, updated their terms and conditions to exclude pandemics and epidemics from future coverage.
"If anything else happens from this point on [beyond coronavirus] they won't cover it, which is annoying."
ING is also underwritten by Auto & General Insurance, but at the time of writing was still covering coronavirus-related issues so long as Smart Traveller advice is followed.
Mr Bird said he believed there had been "a surge in demand" for cancel for any reason insurance.
"Speak to the insurer to see if there's any room for flexibility," he said.
"There's a lot of room for confusion, definitely."
On Wednesday, the Insurance Council of Australia declared a catastrophe for the Covid-19 and UK insurance giant LV has stopped selling travel cover to new customers altogether.
InsureandGo has been offering a 15 per cent discount on travel insurance to subscribers of cheap travel site I Know the Pilot, with no mention that it won't cover losses as a result of coronavirus.
The insurer says coronavirus was a global "known event" from January 31, and a known event within China from January 21.
Travel Insurance Direct won't cover any claims related to coronavirus globally after January 31, or in China from January 23.
"This means that we are no longer covering claims arising from ANY event related to COVID-19 for policies purchased after the relevant time however, you are more than welcome to submit a claim for our consideration," the insurer says.
AIG Australia blocked coronavirus cover from January 24, after which it considers travel issues foreseeable.
"As always, each claim will be considered on its merits taking into account the individual circumstances of the claim and the terms and conditions of the policy."
Allianz also isn't covering travel issues due to coronavirus after January 31, though claims will be assessed in accordance with policy wording and the circumstances.
1Cover says coronavirus was a known event from December 6, and the insurer excludes coverage for epidemics and pandemics.
Fast Cover does not cover epidemics, pandemics, or known events. Coronavirus-related travel issues will not be covered even if the flights and policy was purchased before it was considered a known event by the insurer from January 24.
Travellers should check the Smart Traveller website and contact their insurer.