Badges? We don't need no Jeep badges. Anyone can tell the Jeep Compass is a car, indeed, a station wagon pumped up to SUV dimentions, and not a Jeep. At least, not a Jeep in the high-Sierra, mud-slinging, rock-crushing definition of the term Jeep. Forget about the Halls of Montezuma -- the Compass is about the malls of Petaluma, about boldly going where sweaty-necked road-paving crews have already tread.
Jeep is busy having kittens. By the end of the year, the brand will have grown from four to seven models. Joining the Wrangler, Liberty, Grand Cherokee, and Commander are the Compass, Patriot, and four-door Wrangler Unlimited. The 2007 Compass is on sale as you read this. The Patriot, with a more conventional shipping-box SUV shape, is due this fall. The "Compatriots," as the Compass and the Patriot are practically twins, are the first truly soft-road Jeeps, very much cars with lower-hanging bellies (the Compass has ground clearance of 8.1 to 8.4 inches, depending on the tires) and limited appetites for dirt and slick rock. They are about as GI Joe as the Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, and Kia Sportage, against which the Compatriot twins are pitched.
To its credit, Jeep isn't denying it. Compass chief engineer Matt Liddane freely acknowledges that everything below the Compass's waist -- including the strut and multilink suspension; unitized floor-pan stampings; transverse 172-hp, 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine; and available five-speed manual or continuously variable automatic -- is shared with and assembled alongside the Patriot and Dodge Caliber in Belvidere, Illinois. Recall that the Caliber hatchback replaced the Neon/SRT4 sedan.
Why have both the Compass and the Patriot? Michael Berube, senior manager of Jeep Marketing, believes that customers are waiting. "The compact-SUV segment will double in the next five years, probably triple in the next 10." Back in 2003, competing concepts for a street Jeep and a dirt Jeep were pitched to DaimlerChrysler's board as potential spinoffs of the Caliber. Then Chrysler Group CEO Dieter Zetsche, perhaps having downed one Frappuccino too many, ordered the company to build both. The "Compatriot" was born.
"The Compass appeals to non-Jeep buyers," says Berube. "The Patriot is targeted at Jeep intenders who couldn't afford a Jeep until now."
A measuring tape reveals where Jeep is aiming with the Compass. A 103.7-inch wheelbase slots it between the current Honda CR-V (to be replaced later this year) and the newer Toyota RAV4. However, the Compass is narrower, shorter, and lower than both. The occupants, both in the front and rear, get plenty of head and leg room, but baggage capacity suffers. Blame the Compass's indoor spare tire and rear differential for jacking the load floor and pinching the baggage area to just 23 cubic feet behind the rear seats (54 with the 60/40 split-folding seats stowed).
The Compass is only a cat whisker larger inside than the Chrysler PT Cruiser and tighter inside than a Chevy HHR. A flight attendant's rollaway, a duffel bag, and a small suitcase loaded aboard left room only for a couple of pizzas. Folding the rear seats freed up more acreage, but the privacy cover mounts too low for any oversize items to pass underneath. It spent most of the trip removed and wedged behind the front seats. One fun feature: a rechargeable flashlight that detaches from the cargo dome light, standard on the Limited.
Bred for suburban streets (but tested on washboard and in proving ground mud bowls, says Liddane), the Compass slaloms like a car. The mellow suspension tune toned down big impacts while keeping the body above its keel with reasonable roll control. It found its way through Hells Canyon's switchbacks with focused steering, a trait not often associated with Jeeps. Fuel economy averaged a thrifty 24 mpg over hill and knoll.
We'd be more effusive if Oregon's coarse highways hadn't played havoc with the body harmonics. At times the booming tire roar made the Compass no quieter than the cargo hold of a 747. We suspect the optional 18-inch wheels and tires were partly to blame -- they compensated somewhat by setting a 0.77-g skidpad performance -- along with a shortage of sound insulation.
The CVT must park the balance-shafted 2.4 at 6000 revs for a full 9.5 seconds during sprints to 60 mph and for 17.5 seconds for the 82-mph quarter-mile. That's a dog's age to note the engine's bland exhaust drone, but also to applaud its refined, vibration-damped operation. The 3420-pound Compass spars in the same weight class as its intended competitors.
Most that we have tested post faster times but longer braking distances. The Compass stops from 70 mph in a brief 166 feet. And the Japanese-made CVT maintains momentum up grades without frantic transmission hunting. The optional AutoStick pares the CVT's infinite ratios down to six for manual selection and only makes sense for downhill engine braking.
By far the Compass's biggest disappointment is its interior. Injection-molded out of flinty plastic with all the passion of a rubbish-bin lid, the dash has barely a whiff of the polish of the CR-V and RAV4 and none of the design spirit of the PT Cruiser. The plain gauges and the center console rise to a high mesa, squeezing the vision forward in concert with thick A-pillars. It's a gaffe, considering that Berube expects 60 percent of Compass buyers to be women.
Do women want regular reminders that they bought an inexpensive car? Jagged mold-part seams are easy to find. Some gaps are huge, others are wavy. The one-size cup holders appear to have been formed by ramming two beer glasses into soft plastic. A deep dash cubby, handy for sunglasses and other detritus, looks like vacant real estate, as if the passenger airbag had moved to a better neighborhood (it's in the dash top).
The Compass is pointing Jeep into unfamiliar waters prowled by established and well-armed opposition. The penurious interior is an easy fix. We'd start by trading the standard 17-inch aluminum wheels for steel rims, as does the CR-V, and sinking the savings into the cockpit. Either way, DaimlerChrysler must spruce up the insides before the Compass will have any real bearing on its rivals.


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by Chris Smith
Last Updated Sep 16, 2021
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Sociological AbstractsSociological Abstracts indexes and abstracts the international literature of sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews. It also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers. Forty percent of the content is published outside of North America. Date coverage: 1952 - present.
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)This database contains indexes journal articles and books in the social sciences. Subjects covered in the database include anthropology, economics, education, ethnography, political science, sociology and more. It has broad international coverage. Abstracts are available for half of all current journal articles. Date coverage: 1951 - present.
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Ethnic NewsWatchFull text articles from newspapers and periodicals published by ethnic, minority and native presses in the U.S. Includes both historic publications, starting in 1959, as well as current ones.
HAPI (Hispanic American Periodicals Index)The Hispanic American Periodicals Index (HAPI) provides citations to the contents of scholarly journals published around the world on Latin America and the Caribbean. Coverage ranges from political, economic, and social issues to the arts and humanities. Date coverage: 1970 - present.
Africa-Wide InformationAfrica-Wide Information searches across bibliographic databases from around the world to provide citations and abstracts on all facets of Africa and African studies. This includes content from South African Studies, African Studies, and African HealthLine, which focuses on all aspects of health relating to Africa and other developing nations. Date coverage: 16th century - present.
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JSTORThis database provides full text access to the back issues of core scholarly journals in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Book reviews are included as well as journal articles. Abstracts are available for some of the articles. Date coverage: earliest issues of each journal up to the most current five years for most publications and to the present for some.
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consumer-brand relationships, affective, cognitive, and motivational determinants of consumer behavior, family and group decision processes, and cultural and individual differences in consumer behavior.

domain: library


Police in London have announced that the controversial Form 696 will be scrapped. The risk assessment form, which promoters of live music events were forced to fill out ahead of shows, had been accused of negatively affecting rap, grime, and R&B artists.
London Mayor Sadiq Khan announced the news on Friday following a review decided upon after a meeting with artists, venues, and promoters in September. The police force said it would use a new "voluntary partnership approach" going forwards.
"“This decision will help London’s night-time economy thrive, ensure the capital is a welcoming place for artists and DJs of all music genres and that Londoners are able to enjoy live music safely," Khan said in a statement.
Grime artists have historically complained that they have been targeted by the authorities since Form 696 was originally introduced in 2005. Giggs had a 2010 live tour cancelled following police advice. In 2016 he said he still faces "so much nonsense" to book shows. JME, meanwhile, looked into the process for a documentary in 2014.


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A few sneaky peeks into what will (hopefully, fingers crossed) become my first pieces for sale in my soon-to-come Etsy shop.
“Hopefully” because, as this blog is a prime example, I’m a big planner but notttt so good with the execution.
But here comes the new year, right?
I CAN DO IT!
Hope your holidays have been more than merry, and that your New Year’s Eve celebrations are fun and sweet and warm.
I leave you with a newly discovered and well-loved song to put you in a happy mood!

domain: artistic


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We like to assume that the recorded body of American roots music-blues, jazz and “hillbilly”/country-accurately represents the best work of America’s diverse musical community in the early 20th century. But there are two things that cast that evaluation in an uncertain light. The first is that recordings of this music were released on 78 RPM discs that had a maximum duration per side of about 3 minutes.
The second is that only a dozen or so men, almost all white-and almost none women, decided who got to record and what songs they recorded. As detailed in A&R Pioneers, the process of finding musicians and recording their music was thorough and haphazard, targeted and arbitrary and often unscrupulous.
The origin of the expression “Artist and Repertoire” (A&R) is not clear-it may have been coined by Billboard magazine in the 19-teens-but it’s ironic that work done under this lofty title would have such a Wild West quality. The same way that conestoga-driving would-be homesteaders raced to claim the best land offered by the government for settlement, the recording industry sent its representatives out to (mostly) rural America in a race to find, record and put under contract the best roots musicians. It’s key to remember that “best” in this case, means most marketable.
Knowing that music was chosen above all on its sales potential imparts the vaguely unsettling feeling that any number of worthwhile musicians may not have been recorded. And, there are other good reasons that musicians might not have been interested in getting recorded. First of all, there was the relatively small amount of money paid to anyone who had yet to prove they could sell a lot of records.
The industry counted on the low wage scale of musicians, who often busked and/or did worked as farmers or menial laborers. They knew that fees between $5-25 per session would still seem attractive. Second, some of these A&R people were overtly racist. Then, there was the tactic that was probably the most unsavory aspect of the industry; namely, A&R men claiming copyrights and mechanical rights (royalties) on the music. Few of these musicians could read music and some could not read contracts.
They were easy prey for people who understood the true potential value of these records and could hire someone to put the music down on paper so that copyrights could be assigned to the A&R man, or to the record company. Some musicians became aware of these tactics, but few could marshal the resources to fight back.
Still, a wonderful body of music did find its way onto records. A&R work was not easy or simple and required an unusual constellation of qualities, which changed over the course of the 20th century, as the job requirements shifted. Initially, a successful A&R person would need the doggedness necessary to beat the bushes to find talent, the social skill necessary to create a web of contacts that could lead him to talent and the ability to gauge the musical and especially the commercial value of what he heard.
Many of the earlier A&R men in the field came from a background in retail sales-especially music stores and furniture stores, which often sold Victrolas and radios. These stores became part of a network that supplied information to record companies about local talent that might be worthy of their attention.
People in this network would receive finder’s fees if a record was cut and released. Performers themselves often wrote to record companies, asking to be auditioned. A&R people also kept a sharp ear open to the radio, listening for standout musicians performing live on local stations.
There were some A&R men who were trained musicians. For example: Nate Shilkret, whom many of us know from his work in the lighter/dance band side of jazz; Arthur Burgh, former violinist with the Metropolitan Orchestra, was musical director at OKeh and Columbia; Cliff Hess, Irving Berlin’s arranger, became Vocalion’s recording manager and Homer Rodeheaver, gospel composer, worked for Gennett and Paramount. As time went on, it became more difficult to function in the job without musical training. Eventually, you had the musically-literate folks who worked for Atlantic records, Mitch Miller, Leiber and Stoller, Pomus and Shuman, Chet Atkins and others.
Despite the fact that women bought a lot more records than men, there have been very few A&R women and, as I noted, few black men. These included Clarence Williams, Richard M. Jones (who may have been involved in some Armstrong Hot Five sessions) and J. Mayo “Ink” Williams. Unfortunately, black artists were as likely to be cheated by these men as they were by white men.
Black women included Aletha Dickerson, who scouted, wrote songs and recorded blues for Paramount and who also played piano on a Blind Blake session. Post-war, Dickerson was joined by another black woman, Lillian Claiborne, who produced blues, jazz and R&B out of Washington, DC. The authors note the pioneering work of Helen Oakley (later married to Stanley Dance), the rare woman-unique, actually-who recorded jazz in the 1930’s.
There are a number of fascinating facts and events in A&R Pioneers. About 1/3 of the “hillbilly” songs recorded before 1933 were waxed by professional singers in northern studios. There was a “sermon boom” led by Rev. J.M. Gates starting in the 20’s, with sermons like “Death May Be Your Santa Claus” and “Pay Your Furniture Man.” Novelist Richard Wright discovered the work of a prisoner named Brewer in New Jersey. Wright contacted John Hammond who gave Brewer’s arrangement of “Stampede in G Minor” to Count Basie who then recorded it for OKeh.
As the title implies, A&R Pioneers covers early A&R activity-mainly between the wars- but does have a chapter about the explosion of independent companies in the 40’s and 50’s, when the recording industry rebounded and sales rocketed. Many of these indies were founded by men who came from within the industry- J. Mayo Williams, Jack Kapp and Frank Walker and Eli Oberstein, who was a master of deceit and whose long career seems to have been more crooked than that of anyone else in this book. There’s also some coverage of A&R during the rise of Rock and Roll.
A&R Pioneers is a large format book-almost coffee-table size-with perhaps fewer photos and other graphics than one might like, given the large expanses of text. The book is extensively footnoted and indexed, with a huge bibliography and it has an authoritative feel. Of course, as the authors say themselves, rooting out the facts in a world with such a heavy load of subterfuge is not easy.
One can only speculate on the alternative musical world that might have been created had the recording industry and its representatives represented a larger cross-section of America, but that’s a fool’s game. Probably best to enjoy the wonders of what was actually recorded. A&R Pioneers is a worthwhile guide through the behind-the-recordings maze.
A&R Pioneers: Architects of American Roots Music on Record
By Brian Ward & Patrick Huber, Vanderbilt University Press


Last week we wrote about Panasonic announcing the updated Toughbook 19 – a rugged notebook that looked like its strong enough to take a missile head on, and still be able to function after the smoke has cleared. Well, it looks like Panasonic has decided to expand its Toughbook lineup by introducing a new tablet to the mix.
Designed for users who need a tablet that can handle a little roughhousing, the enterprise-grade tablet also packs security features (embedded at hardware level) to keep whatever is stored on the tablet a little bit safer. The Toughbook tablet features a 10.1” XGA daylight-viewable multi-touch display, GPS, 3G connectivity, and full-shift battery life. Judging from the released press shot, the rugged-looking tablet seems to be running on Android 2.2 Froyo.
Other than that, we don’t have many details about the tablet, including its price or release date, but stay tuned and we’ll keep you posted.
- 2014-04-21: Leaked Android Dialer App Screenshot Shows Slight Makeover
- 2014-04-21: Apple And Google Reportedly Vying For Mobile Game Exclusives
- 2014-04-20: Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition Makes Its Way Onto Android
- 2014-04-18: Chuwi Cloned Lenovo’s Android-Powered Yoga Tablets
- 2014-04-17: Galaxy S5 Review
- 2011-11-07: Panasonic ToughPad Android-Powered Rugged Tablet
- 2011-10-12: Panasonic unveils new BizPad Android tablets
- 2011-09-15: Panasonic Toughbook Android Tablet Revealed
- 2011-07-12: Panasonic ToughBook H2 Rugged Tablet Computer
- 2010-03-03: Panasonic ToughBook C1 Convertible Tablet PC Video


Sabaton covers Twisted Sister on exclusive bonus track.
Swedish rockers Opeth solidify their progressive rock shift with “Sorceress”, their fantastic new album.
Impulse is the rocking debut album from Californian trio Idlewar
Debut EP from Ontario’s The Weathered will appeal to fans of catchy rock tunes
While we wait for a follow up to their Grammy winner “Meliora”, Ghost offers an EP of covers that keep pushing the boundaries of metal and hard rock.
This career spanning compilation will serve new fans well, and four new tracks make it essential for long time fans too.
New album from Sweden’s Sabaton is arguably their best yet. It’s an evolution of their classic sound.


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Lost Male cream and tan color Chihuahua was last seen on 6/30/19. Recently groomed answers to the name of Max! Was last seen by Orange grove and Lewis St. in Pomona Ca. Could be heading towards nearby cities La Verne, Claremont,Upland, Montclair or San Dimas was last reported seen by North side of Pomona! Any info on dogs where abouts please email or call me!! Reward oferred $$$$ if you have my dog please return it to the owner no questions asked!!
do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers

domain: geography


HP Support Forums
Join in the conversation.
05-17-2012 09:04 PM
Just got the HP 230W Advanced Docking Station NZ223AA with my Elitebook 8460P laptop. The sound only comes from computer itself. I connects the speaker to the docking station but no sound output from speaker. Try different ways but doesn't seem working at all.
Let me know if you have the solution. Thanks.
05-19-2012 08:54 PM
Found the solution if someone has the same problem. I install the sound driver from hp support page and everthing works after that. Apparently I got the old driver in my laptop before.


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New season on tap for community chorus
MIDDLEBURY — The Middlebury College Community Chorus announces a new season to prepare for its annual spring concert, slated for performance on campus on the afternoon of Mother’s Day, May 8. Regular rehearsals are Tuesday and Sunday evenings from 7-8:30 p.m. in Mead Chapel, beginning Feb. 16.
This season’s program includes a mix of classical choruses alongside arrangements of traditional songs and new works. The choir will prepare the “Magnificat” by Baroque composer Antonio Vivaldi. Its 10 sections contain a variety of choral styles, with dramatic shifts in textures and harmonies that bring life to the words of Mary, sung when she learned she would become the mother of the Messiah, according to the Gospel of Luke.
A portion of the program includes unique choral arrangements of lullabies from Africa; a new work by American composer Daniel Elder, simply titled “Lullaby”; and the beautiful “Seal Lullaby,” on a text by Rudyard Kipling, by the noted contemporary composer Eric Whitacre.
The chorus welcomes the change of seasons and flowering of spring with a new setting of the classic Robert Burns text “A Red, Red Rose” by Nashville composer Kevin Memley; “Los Bilbilicos” (“The Nightingales”), a Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) Sephardic song arranged by distinguished Vermont conductor Robert De Cormier; “Enjura,” a Ugandan song that depicts the coming of the rains; a popular Israeli romantic song, “Erev Shel Shoshamin,” that tells how night falls slowly while the winds carry the scent of roses; and a brand new setting, by Wisconsin composer Zachary Moore, of Alfred Lord Tennyson’s text “There Is Sweet Music Here.”
Conductor Jeff Rehbach notes that this program will offer singers the opportunity to explore the music of a new generation of American composers — born between 1970 and 1992 — and their expressive writing for chorus and piano, as well as a variety of choral styles from across the globe. Rehbach continues in his 16th season as director of the College Community Chorus, and Timothy Guiles returns as the choir’s virtuoso accompanist.
The choir welcomes all interested singers to join the ensemble before the end of February. Participants should plan to attend at least one rehearsal each week. Numbering nearly 100 singers, the group is open without audition or mandatory fees to all singers who can follow a musical score. Its members travel from throughout the region to participate in this 150-year-old community tradition, hosted by Middlebury College.
For up-to-date information, check on the web at http://go.middlebury.edu/communitychorus or contact director Jeff Rehbach at 989-7355.

domain: news


text: Wearing My Tutu to Analysis and Other Stories enlivens psychodynamic theory for students, teachers, clinicians, and others eager to learn the ins and outs of practice. Sharing amusing, poignant, and sometimes difficult stories from their personal and professional lives, Kerry Malawista, Anne Adelman, and Catherine Anderson invite readers to explore the complex underpinnings of the profession, along with analytical theory's esoteric nature.There couldn't be a more appropriate method for illustrating the dynamics of psychoanalysis than the vehicle of story, which is such an integral part of psychodynamic practice. Through their narratives, the authors, who are also practicing analysts, show readers how to incorporate psychodynamic concepts into their work and identify common truths at the root of shared experience. Their approach demystifies dense material and the emotional consequences of intimate practice. Divided into five sections, the book covers psychodynamic theory, the development of ideas, technique, the challenges of treatment, and the experiences of trauma and loss. Each section opens with a brief memoir composed by one of the authors and follows with a discussion of related concepts. Overall the presentation follows a developmental trajectory, opening with stories from early childhood and resolving with present encounters. Their unique approach allows readers to absorb psychodynamic concepts as they unfold across the lifespan.

domain: psychology


Amanda Kaiser Joins MSO PR
April 2, 2014 at 1:14 PM (PT)
MSO PR has announced AMANDA KAISER as National/Tour Publicist, based in LOS ANGELES. She previously was in NEW YORK as a national music publicist at MAGNUM PR.
“We’re all really excited about AMANDA joining us at MSO,” said President MITCH SCHNEIDER. “She has made her mark in the industry very quickly and built an excellent reputation. AMANDA has cutting-edge musical taste, with her eye to the future.”
“I’m thrilled to have AMANDA join our team. MSO PR has a lot of exciting projects currently and on the horizon,” adds MSO VP ALEXANDRA GREENBERG. “I look forward to working with her on amplifying them.”


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Calcium combined with magnesium can be very helpful for PMS symptoms, muscle spasm and pain or difficultly falling asleep.
Calcium Malate Chelate is a combination of the two most absorbable forms of calcium available, Di-Calcium Malate and Calcium Bis-Glyci- nate Chelate, along with 100 IU of vitamin D. The calcium in Calcium Malate
Chelate is now fully chelated to glycine and malic acid, providing a combination of the two most health pro- moting and most absorbable forms of calcium available.
The recommended dosage of two capsules yields 500 mg of elemen-tal calcium.*
Dr. Gladd Says
Calcium is good support for bones, but most calcium should come from a whole foods diet. This will provide a highly absorbable form for daily use. Calcium combined with magnesium can be very helpful for PMS symptoms, muscle spasm and pain or difficultly falling asleep.
SUGGESTED USE: As a dietary supplement, take two to four capsules per day with meals or as directed by your health care practitioner.
Size: 120 capsules
Serving Size: 2 capsules
- Serving Size: 2 tablets
|Calcium (di-calcium malate, bis-glycinate chelate)||500 mg|
|Vitamin D (cholecalaciferol)||100 IU|
Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose, magnesium stearate, stearic acid.

domain: medical


text:
Online Dating Vs Traditional Dating
And in modern times, many people don't have the time to filter out the good and bad candidates In traditional dating the first meetings are face to face. When you meet someone at work or a friend of a friend you. Online dating serves as a way to connect strangers to get to know each other with expectation that these two strangers could be soul mates. Online dating has the advantage, compared with traditional dating, that you are forced to get to know people on a nonphysical level before getting physical May 08, 2018 · Here’s Why Online Dating Is as Good as Traditional Dating, If Not Better! Find single woman in the US with mutual relations. This allows you experience your first interactions with someone at face value, which can help in determining whether you want to continue seeing this person May 10, 2011 · Online vs. This was another fact discovered by Statistic Brain Apr 30, 2014 · Results of their assessment indicated that dating online was indeed different from "traditional" dating in a number of ways. Dec 08, 2011 · Is Traditional Dating Even Necessary? Traditional Dating. Single folks account for the largest consumer group in the U.S. Here’s the low-down on dating apps vs. Find single woman in the US with mutual relations. Traditional dating Over the years and even decades the tradition of dating has changed drastically. So very.
I need Online dating vs traditional dating
Instead of taking the girl out to a date she’s done 1,000 times look to give her a new experience Let’s be honest, offline dating costs even more every month with all the dinner dates and nights out. The process of conventional dating itself is more romantic if compared it to modern dating, when one searches for a partner on-line, chats and everything happens in front of a computer screen only. Some have even found love through online dating Online Dating vs Traditional Dating Pros and Cons: Traditional Dating Pros and Cons Traditional dating is just a catchall phrase for many disparate methods of meeting others with a romantic inclination. Offline. Want to meet eligible single man who share your zest for life? It’s fair to say online dating has taken the world of relationships by storm. Authenticity is valued over creating an online dating identity for yourself as you would on a traditional dating site In online dating first meetings are online. Sep 18, 2019 · Online vs. https://ezinearticles.com/?Online-Dating-Vs-Face-To-Face-Dating---Which-Is-Better?&id= Today, the society has changed radically and online dating has become very common for people of almost all ages.
Online Dating Vs Traditional Dating - We Ranked in 2019
Traditional dating Over the years and even decades the tradition of dating has changed drastically. of a national US survey with over 4000 respondents to see if there were different relationship outcomes when using online dating and offline dating methods. It has definitely come a long way since then. Traditional dating you get to opportunity to learn something new each time and their is …. Although people may prefer to `the new aged tools of dating, there is differences and similarities between old fashion dating and online dating Dec 05, 2007 · While traditional dating doesn't work as fast like online dating. products sale. Instead of taking the girl out to a date she’s done 1,000 times look to give her a new experience Let’s be honest, offline dating costs even more every month with all the dinner dates and nights out. Con's: Online dating requires writing a profile that sets you apart from the crowd, getting a variety of excellent photos, and taking the time to communicate with multiple prospects. Traditional the flip side, with online dating, you can expand your physical boundaries and meet people from all over the city, state, country, or world if you want to. The bond created between potential partners takes a different path than normal dating relationships. Shop for Best Price Online Dating Vs Traditional Dating .Price Low and Options of Online Dating Vs Traditional Dating from variety stores in usa. Online dating enables you to meet people with no connection to your current social circle.. Its impossible to known as much about a person before a date when you’re not scouring their online profile for their personal interests and goals. Although people may prefer to `the new aged tools of dating, there is differences and similarities between oldRemember that when you are dating, whether its traditional or online, it is truly challenging Still, I don't like online dating because online profiles can be deceiving. That is the main purpose of using online dating sites in the beginning, to help people to find their partner for life Shop for Best Price Online Dating Vs Traditional Dating .Price Low and Options of Online Dating Vs Traditional Dating from variety stores in usa.
Online dating vs traditional dating
#VaadVivaadDay #MildVsWild #VVSEpisode1 Author: TacoBell India Views: 2.6K 27 Online Dating Statistics & What They Mean for the https://www.datingnews.com/industry-trends/online-dating-statistics-what-they-mean-for Jun 15, 2018 · Online dating was first introduced as personal ads in the ‘90s, and then sites like Match, JDate, and eHarmony improved and solidified the process. The Biggest Difference Between Dating Sites and Dating …. The traditional dating confines people to a specific geographical region and provides a few chances to meet Traditional dating is better than online dating In the wanton time frame is not for the united states a whole new friend or a viable and cons, says jessica massa. Coach Corey Wayne Recommended for you. But if you are a guy who is simply seeking a relationship, or wants an abundance of women in his life at any given point – you should be combining the two In traditional dating, it is very difficult to vet potential partners for those qualities. Although people may prefer to `the new aged tools of dating, there is differences and similarities between oldRemember that when you are dating, whether its traditional or online, it is truly challenging Traditional dating. As a matter of fact, no approach to dating can be regarded absolutely safe or trouble free. The traditional way of meeting potential partners could be hit and miss.Friends would arrange blind dates without. Online dating, however, literally allows you to do just that with a few clicks of the mouse or taps on your screen. Meeting online also may provide a larger pool of prospective marriage partners, along with advance screening in the case of dating services. Online dating app, there is best used an increasing number of dating vs. It takes a lot of time to meet single and interested candidates who suits your particular criteria. People lie on their.
Online Dating Sites For Over 50
Being single is quite a pressure, especially if you’re getting older and being teased by your family members of still not having a boyfriend/girlfriend. Our paper writers are able to help you with all online dating vs traditional dating essay kinds of essays, including application essays, persuasive essays, and so on While traditional dating does not work as fast like online dating, it takes a lot of time to meet singles and interested candidates who suit your particular standards. Want to meet eligible single man who share your zest for life? The data suggested that if you’re looking to date, online dating is the better option and if you’re looking to marry. The ways singles meet has drastically changed because of online dating, and a massive amount of data has been collected over the years about the effects of online dating, the behaviors of online daters, and. One area where the traditional dating skills for men just don’t cut it anymore is coming up with what to do on a date. #Can you click "Today, if you do not want to disappoint, Check price before the Price Up.Dating Vs Traditional You will not regret if check price."discounted Dating Vs Traditional . Using the internet is really popular. Jun 30, 2009 · Online dating is often for those who haven't had much luck with traditional dating, perhaps due to their own anxieties about meeting new people Online dating does indeed have its own pitfalls. Essay text: There's no doubt single people are willing to try anything to find their a romantic partner. Also, traditional dating allows you to learn normal your only slowly over time, for an dating of mystery and making future discoveries more meaningful. One area where the traditional dating skills for men just don’t cut it anymore is coming up with what to do on a date.

domain: sociology


New Delhi . The central government is now planning to take legal action on apps offering cash lending. The government is exploring new regulatory options, which can forcefully curb recovery procedures. At the same time, the emphasis is on reducing the interest rates and making the process of registration necessary for those trapped in the debt trap. Last year, 12 people committed suicide under the burden of debt. Such companies show dreams of getting rich in one night and manipulating the regulation, adding to privacy and data security concerns.
RBI is preparing a report
In view of such cases, the Reserve Bank of India is preparing a report, which will be public by the middle of April this year. Based on this, the central government will ensure that the existing legal framework is used for such companies or bring a new law. These companies are being brought under legal provision so that these companies get themselves registered before giving loans and a dispute resolution mechanism becomes in the company itself.
Blackmailing with private data-
It has been found that some of these unscrupulous online companies charge as high as 300 per cent annual interest rate, which is not acceptable. To attract people, these companies offer instant, collateral-free loans without any diligence, but in the process of lending, these companies collect personal data and blackmail people. Many such cases were seen in cases of suicide that occurred last year.
Registration or license required-
The central bank set up an active group on 13 January to monitor digital lending or lending apps after more such cases (fraudulent and suicidal) cases occurred. The problem was exacerbated during the epidemic and lockdown, when most people lost their jobs. Such apps do not have any legal body, they are run by brokers and crooks. According to a report, all states require registration or license to give loans.


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Almost a year after losing key traditional music equipment, marimba, Afro vibe artist Peter Mawanga and his Amaravi Movement Band return to the USA for another tour.
The six-piece band started the 2015 month long tour of the US on a bad note as the bag carrying the instrument went missing in transit.
But now it seems the getup comprising Mawanga on lead vocals, nylon guitar and sansi, Faith Mussa of the Desperate fame on jazz guitar, talking drum and vocals, Marlyn Chakwera Chimombo on chisekese and vocals, Alfred Sitolo Nkhoma on bass guitar, Nemba and vocals while Omex Chimpeni on marimba, mbalule and drums, has forgotten that experience as they head back for another tour.
According to a schedule by the band’s booking agent, Myriad Artists posted on myriadartists.com, the two week-long tour starts on July 1.
It also shows bookings for the band at Matthews Opera House in Spearfish, South Dakota for April 18 and 20 2017.
Mawanga could not hide how excited he is to return to the US.
“We will start with a performance at Summer Sounds in Greensburg, Pennsylvania and the following day we will be at the Workhouse Arts Center in Lorton, Virginia. On the 4th we will be Town Commons in Carrboro, North Carolina on the 8th the outfit will be at Ashkenaz Music and Dance Community Center in Berkeley, California.
“The following day, we will be at one of the biggest music festivals in the California state called Mendocino Music Festival then Culver City’s Boulevard Music Summer Festival on the 14th we will wrap up the tour with performances at WorldFest-Grass Valley on the 15th and 16th still in California,” explained Mawanga.n

domain: entertainment


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Beginning October 28, 2019, the Office of Building Safety will transition to a new permitting system. Read on...
The Urban Libraries Council announced Roanoke County Public Library (RCPL) as one of 10 Top Innovators during the 2019 Innovations Celebration held on October 17 in Salt Lake City. Read on...
Roanoke County’s Department of Community Development has selected the Truck Enterprises parking lot expansion project, located at 4700 Kenworth Road, as the first recipient in 2019 of the Stormwater Clean Award. Read on...


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We have collected a lot of useful information about Windsurfing Dahab Januar. The links below you will find everything there is to know about Windsurfing Dahab Januar on the Internet. Also on our site you will find a lot of other information about kitesurfing, wakeboarding, SUP and the like.
Windsurfing Dahab It’s the sheer diversity of the different areas that makes Dahab stand out worldwide. At Harry Nass Dahab you can find everything you need for your perfect windsurf holiday, including 300 windy days a year, 2 centres, 3 windsurf and 2 kite areas, the latest equipment, professional courses as well as personal consulting and support for unlimited action on the water.
KITEBOARDING EGYPT. Upgrade your holiday! In Egypt we offer a Caribbean-like freeride spot located in Hurghada with shallow sandbanks or a combined area for windsurfing – kitesurfing in Dahab with a kite lagoon (300 x 500m) or a freeride spot outside the headland. Up-to-date Cabrinha equipment, first-class service and a unique radio rescue service are given at all Harry Nass stations.
"They are by a wide margin the best dive center in Dahab, mainly due to their personalized approach to diving, excellent equipment and safety standards, infectious laughter and love for the sea and its creatures." "I highly recommend Bubbles Team, be it for a diving course, an intro dive or just diving for fun in the beautiful underwater heaven which is everywhere in and around Dahab."
Here's our quick view of where's best to go for your windsurfing and kitesurfing holiday from January to December. This is when you will find the wind is generally over 4BFT (ie 11-15 knots and what you need to get up on the board and get going) for 65-70% of days in the month.
Hurghada in Egypt is a great value windsurf holiday destination just a 5 hour flights from the UK and other main European departure airports. There are few windsurf holiday resorts that offer such a long wind season, great value quality accommodation and world class windsurfing, especially good for beginner and improvers.
Windguru weather forecast for Egypt - Dahab. Special wind and weather forecast for windsurfing, kitesurfing and other wind related sports.
Here at Planet Windsurf Holidays we have personally searched the globe for the very best Windsurf Holiday locations, combining quality accommodation and the very best Windsurf centres in the world. We only work with locations that we have personally vetted, so please call and speak to a Windsurf travel expert now on 0044 (0) 1273 921001.
Wind and weather reports & forecasts for kitesurfers, windsurfers, surfers, sailors and paragliders for over 45000 locations worldwide.
Sep 10, 2019 · Windsurfing Dahab 2015 - Neilpryde, JP Australia - HD 1080p - Duration: 4:30. SurfdragonJD 63,299 views. 4:30. Monty Halls' Dive Mysteries S1 • E1 Monty Halls' Dive Mysteries: The Curse of The ...Author: Winderland Dahab
The wind at the FBC Dahab center in the lagoon blows cross-offshore to offshore and is strong all year long. Kitesurfing is not offered by the center but private kiters of a good level can kite further down the bay towards the Oasis, next to the Eldorado Lodge. There you will find a small beach suitable for launching and, after 70 meters of shallow water protected by the reef, you will directly reach the open …
We hope you found Windsurfing Dahab Januar info you were searching for.
Kiteboarding is a wonderful sport and a fun pastime. Find all the information you need on our website and get started!

domain: hobby


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On Friday 3rd October the Conservatives published a paper ironically but presumably unintentionally, entitled ‘Protecting Human Rights in the UK’ . The aim of the proposal set out in the paper is to restore “common sense” and to “put Britain first” in relation to the legal protection of human rights.
As we shall see, the somewhat ill thought out proposal, seemingly largely driven by fear of increasing popularity of the UKIP party, seeks to restore the UK Parliament to full vigour, protecting our UK laws and UK constitution from interference by the Strasbourg Court and dastardly European human rights law.
In the paper the Conservative Party sets out its plans for the next Parliament for human rights law in UK. They propose:-
- to repeal the Human Rights Act 1998,
- incorporate the European Convention on Human Rights into primary legislation, and
- to pass a new British Bill of Rights to set out a “proper balance between rights and responsibilities”.
Filed under Democracy, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, Ghaidan v Gobin-Mendoza, Human Rights Act 1989, Law, Northampton, Parliamentary sovereignty, Protecting Human Rights in UK, Rule of Law, Uncategorized, Vinter and Others v United Kingdom
On 3 September 2014 I was interviewed by Helen Blaby of BBC Radio Northampton  on the legal and social issues arising from the case of Aysha King.
The story, although not establishing any legal precedent in UK, raises a number of interesting legal and moral issues.
The primary point was whether the parents were entitled to remove their 5 year old son from the hospital care on the basis that the treatment they felt was appropriate for Aysha was not offered in UK by the National Health Service, (‘NHS’). Unfortunately, in absence of a Court order that specific medical treatment is provided and which can only be granted in judicial review proceedings, a doctor cannot be lawfully compelled by the parents to provide specific medical treatment at the behest of the parents.
It remains a matter of professional medial judgment as to what treatment is appropriate for a particular patient. However, the parents with parental responsibility powers are entitled to remove their child from the hospital in face of medical advice, similarly to any adult who can discharge themselves from hospital in face of contrary medical advice.
On 7 May 2014 The Northampton Chronicle & Echo reported that: “The University of Northampton has unveiled plans to dispense with the traditional three-month student summer holiday and move towards a “52-week, 24 hour” campus arrangement.”
The newspaper reports a rather fascinating but potentially disruptive and revolutionary notion . If on the one hand the report of the alleged proposal is factually accurate, in Kuhnian terms the proposal would amount to as yet undiscovered ‘paradigm to shift’ and one unsustainable by any credible evidence, quite consistent with Kuhnian theory.
If, on the other hand, the Northampton Chronicle is reporting an ideological (im)position seeking to articulate an expression of bare power, that is quite a different matter. As we know, statements of belief, especially those ‘religiously’ held as matters of fundamentalist principle, are not by definition capable of rational critique or analysis. Such statements owe their existence and justification to the potentiality and the politico-juridical actuality of pure violence. Continue reading
Recently I came across copies of a couple of my popular legal articles published by the Northampton Chronicle & Echo in April and June 2009. It came as a shock to discover that the newspaper no longer publishes printed papers on a daily basis and is no longer even printed in Northampton. We may reflect on whether technology has altered our perception of the spaces surrounding us and those we make, how we express ourselves and how we interact with our experiences.
‘The law aims for a clean break’
Northampton Chronicle & Echo – 24 April 2009
The history of the Chronicle & Echo, (The Chron) a well-liked local daily newspaper, mirrors the trajectory of many a printed paper in analogy with creative expression of ideas: a trajectory taking it from predictable public everyday local spaces to private and yet omnipresent existence. There is no doubt that the dematerialisation of the printed word by digital technology has altered our states of perception and of our self-expression.
A brief glance at the history of The Chron offers an example of such transformation. The paper was established in 1931 from a merger of two weekly and two monthly papers. And one could say it was the precursor of modern-day political coalitions: the original Chronicle was a Tory and the Echo was a Liberal paper .
It asserted its physical and geographical existence in a strikingly visible architectural presence symbolising local endeavor, political and social identity and local sovereignty. Until 1970’s The Chron was published out of its striking Art Deco offices overlooking Northampton’s famous Market Square.
In 1978 it moved to brand new purpose built offices in Upper Mounts boasting the most up to date computerised printing presses . On 26 May 2012 it ceased daily print publication. And now it is printed only a weekly basis and in Peterborough.

domain: politics


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Sanga lining up the weir
The team just below Tutea Falls
Sanga, Butters, and Jamie getting in there for a wee photo
At the bottom of this run is the famous Kaituna Hole. This play hole is excellent for showing off to tourists and using that last little bit of energy that you didn't even know you still have before calling it a day.
Ben posing for the cameras
Jamie looping it up in his creek boat
Ben doing the same in his new mini mystic
After all of this fun we were on our way back to Taupo to meet up with Chee and Derry for the night where the fun times just kept coming... lets just say things got a little crazy, there was some confusion between the two pre-determined sober drivers leaving us with no sober driver, and a very sore wallet.
Dedicated as we are this didn't slow us down too much as we were back on the road (hungover again) and heading for the Wairoa by 9am (still a little behind schedule) arriving at the put in in not too bad time. We had organised a few people to meet up with but we were a bit slow off the mark so we were left high and dry. This was when we met Matt, a Wairoa local who showed us some sweet lines down some of the Wairoa's awesome drops. Chee and Sanga had a wee incident with a toaster (visualise a kayaker instead of bread) but all turned out Ok. The run finished with 'just some grade two and three boulder gardens bro' and then out of nowhere another river wide 2m waterfall ! - casual grade two - three? The St Pauls boys were charging hard again and we caught up with them at the bottom. The Wairoa turned out to be another primo day and it was crazy to see so many people on one river (almost bullerfest-ish). All in all considering the fact that we all only had a mere 3 hours sleep we all seemed to be on our game for some very fun boating full of clean lines and challenging water.


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Ripton pitches shed to get salt away from river
RIPTON — Ripton officials hope to soon begin negotiations for a 2.63-acre parcel off Lincoln Road that would host a shed to contain the town’s road salt and sand reserves, which are currently tarped outdoors at a spot next to a branch of the Middlebury River.
The town hopes to purchase land located at 643 Lincoln Road and owned by Levi and Joanna Doria. It abuts the Ripton Elementary School property at 753 Lincoln Road. As currently envisioned, the shed would be 72 feet by 136 feet.
Ripton last year received a $356,000 grant through the Vermont Agency of Transportation’s Municipal Highway and Stormwater Mitigation Program to apply toward a new sand/salt shed. The town has put up a 20-percent match of $89,000 to create a $445,000 budget to acquire land and build the new shed.
But state rules preclude the town from negotiating with the Dorias until the parcel has passed an environmental review and has been valued by a state-approved assessor, according to Ripton selectboard Administrator and Municipal Projects Manager Alison Joseph Dickinson.
The selectboard has for several years been seeking a spot to safely store municipal salt and sand used to treat roads during the rough Ripton winters. Officials acknowledge the current, outdoor site next to the town recycling shed off Peddler’s Bridge Road is not good. Aside from being next to the river, water can get into the sand/salt mixture and freeze during the colder months, making loads heavier and less efficient for road application.
Unfortunately, Ripton currently doesn’t own a space appropriate for siting a sand/salt shed, according to local officials. The ideal spot, they said, should be near the village, yet not too far from the roads that need winter treatment. The more remote the shed location, the greater the hauling costs, Dickinson noted.
In 2016, the Ripton Planning Commission recommended the selectboard begin the process of relocating the sand/salt pile. Commission members that same year voiced disappointment when a shed location wasn’t included as part of a subdivision of the Ripton Elementary School property. At that time, two acres were carved from the school lands in order to accommodate a new fire station.
“The planning commission urges the selectboard to continue work on provision of a site that can accommodate a salted sand pile without the consequence of leaching salt into Ripton’s watercourses, and a site that can be gated to provide town control over yard and food waste,” reads an Aug. 7, 2016, letter to the selectboard signed by commission Chairman Warren King.
Officials brought the shed issue to residents’ attention through the 2017 town report, and at the 2018 and 2019 annual town meetings. Voters agreed in 2018 that the shed site should be near the center of town and suggested inquiring with Middlebury College and the United States Forest Service about available land.
College land near the center of town was ruled out because it’s located along the Middlebury River, according to town records. Also, much of the college’s Ripton land is subject to conservation easements and thus can’t be developed.
Chris Mattrick, USFS district ranger, had discussed a proposed sale of the service’s Ripton barracks on the Goshen Road. But that option fell flat because the property’s usable area was too small, wasn’t centrally located, drained into a stream, and shares a driveway with a camp for individuals with special needs.
Ripton’s road commissioner at one point suggested using land off Natural Turnpike, located around 1.5 miles from Route 125. But that land would’ve had to be subdivided and faced neighbor opposition.
Officials last December identified around 20 potential sites in and near the village, primarily north of Route 125 and on paved roads. The selectboard measured the prospective sites against these criteria: A central location, between two and five acres, easy to access, outside of a floodplain, and not served by an under-sized bridge.
Dickinson sent letters to the individual landowners. Three of them ultimately agreed to discuss a land sale.
The board picked the Doria property as the best fit, in part because it would result in the least truck traffic past Ripton Elementary School and area homes, according to town records.
A survey of the land for significant archaeological and historic assets was scheduled for Thursday, Sept. 12.
“We don’t anticipate any red flags,” Dickinson said of that review.
Supporters are hoping the project also passes an environmental review that will consider, among other things, a class 2 wetland and related buffer on the property.
Due to that wetland and buffer and an effort to orient the shed in a manner that wouldn’t result in truck headlights beaming into a home across the street, the project as designed doesn’t conform with setback requirements for the MDR-5 zoning district in which the parcel is located, according to town records. But section 524 of Ripton’s Unified Development Bylaw allows municipal projects to skirt those setback requirements.
A majority of the town’s zoning board has endorsed the project, according to Dickinson.
And that’s not good news to Jenney Izzo and Brent Coulthard, who reside at 718 Lincoln Road, just across from the preferred parcel.
“On a personal level, our lives are lived almost exclusively in the front yard,” reads a recent letter from the couple to selectboard and planning commission members. “Our view, when we sit on our porch at night or in our living room, is of the green expanse across from our house. We find it meditative and beautiful, one of the reasons we bought the property. Our garden is near the road and directly across from the proposed building site. In short, putting a building of any kind in that spot so close to the road ruins our atmosphere and peace.”
Izzo also expressed safety concerns.
“As a mother of a once young child, I was pleased to have the Ripton School so close and so safely accessed,” she wrote. “In winter especially I would hesitate to let my child walk to school knowing commuter traffic would be navigating a narrowed road (due to snow) with bigger trucks.”
The couple believes the shed would be more appropriately sited on a state highway, instead of off a town-owned road.
“In short, we hope that you will continue your search for a town shed building site and abandon the idea of situating it across from our home,” they concluded.
Dickinson provided a written response to Izzo and Coulthard’s concerns. She said the town would take steps to minimize impact on their property, including retaining as much on-site vegetation as possible for screening, and exploring color schemes for the shed to help it blend in to its surroundings. Dickinson also noted the shed site is at a lower elevation than Lincoln Road, which she said should reduce the project’s impact.
She said neighbors shouldn’t expect a lot of activity at the shed.
“Sand is typically hauled to its storage site during two-three weeks in the fall,” she wrote to Izzo and Coulthard. “Some winters additional sand is needed and hauled in late winter. During hauling, there will be more trips and noise than usual, but all work is done during daytime hours.”
Once the project has undergone archaeological review, consultants will draw up conceptual plans for the shed. Those plans will be presented at a future public meeting, according to Dickinson.
“We were excited to get the grant and we’re excited about the project,” Dickinson said.
Reporter John Flowers is at [email protected]
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Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) for Road Projects
Preparation of DPR involves following components
1.0 Understanding Scope of Work
2.0 Traffic Surveys
3.0 Engineering Investigations
4.0 Detailed Designs
5.0 Tender and Construction Drawings
6.0 Project Costing
7.0 Economic Analysis
8.0 Formulation of Construction Packages
9.0 Compiling Project Report
Scope of Services
UNDER STANDINGTHE TOR
- 1. First and foremost thing is to study carefully and understand the Terms of Reference (ToR) or Scope of Services of the project.
- 2. Once the ToR is understood, the conceptualization of the project would beeasy.
- 3. Mostly the ToR for a particular type of projects remains same across anyorganization.
- Duration of the Project, Phases (Feasibility, PPR, DPR) and Reporting requirements
- Proposals for improvements, if any, (type of cross section, grade separators, major Bridges, Bypasses etc.)
- Any special types of Surveys and project specific considerations
- Requirements for Economic and Financial Analysis,
- Issues on Right of Way (RoW) and Land Acquisition
- Social and Environmental surveys
SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS
1. Reconnaissance Survey
2. Traffic Surveys
3. Topographic Surveys
4. Engineering Surveys
5. Soil & Material Investigations
6. Social And Environmental Surveys
- 1. The initial task of identifying the homogeneous traffic links shall be undertaken on the identified road sections
- 2. homogeneous traffic links will be established through identification of the major intersections and urban centres
- 3. The fixation of locations will be made for traffic volume surveys, both at mid sections and intersections
- a) Traffic Volume Surveys
- b) O-D And Commodity Surveys
- c) Turning Movement Surveys
- d) Parking Surveys
- e) Speed And Delay Surveys
- f) Cross Pedestrian And Animal Surveys
- g) Axle Load Surveys
- h) Truck Terminal Surveys
- i) Willingness to pay Surveys
- 1. Traffic volume count survey gives ADT
- 2. ADT is to be converted to AADT based on seasonal variation factors
- 3. Seasonal variation factors can be obtained by fuel consumption rates or past traficdata
- 4. AADT thus obtained shall be used as base year traffic
- 5. Traffic is to be forecasted for at least next 10 years
- 6. Traffic Growth rates can be obtained using
- a) Trend Analysis
- b) Econometric Model
- c) A more rational method will be to establish a relationship between the socio-economic variables such as Population, Net State Domestic Product (NSDP)and Per-Capita Income (PCI) on the one hand and the past registration data of different categories of vehicles on the other to determine the elasticity of transport demand with respect to different categories of vehicles. According toIRC: 108 - 1996, an econometric model should be derived.
Axle Load Surveys
- 1. Traffic loading has a significant impact on pavement performance and design.
- 2. damage that vehicles create to a road depends very strongly on the axle loads of thevehicles.
- 3. The exact relationship is influenced by the type of road structure and the way theroad deteriorates but a `fourth power’ damage law gives a good approximation.
- a) Measurements will be made for two days over a 24-hour period on random sampling basis.
- b) analyse the axle load survey data to bring out the Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) and Single Axle Load (SAL) distributions by truck type and axle configuration.
Engineering Surveys And Investigation
1. Road Inventory Survey
2. Inventory And Condition Assessment Of Existing Cross Drainage Structures
3. Preparation Of Strip Plan
4. Assess Adequacy Of Drainage
5. Pavement Condition Survey
6. Pavement Roughness Survey
7. Pavement Composition Survey
8. Benkelman Beam Deflection (Bbd) Survey
Road Inventory Survey
A) The Road Inventory survey consists of recording the physical features along and across the project road in a prescribed format.
- 1. Average width of pavement, shoulders and formation
- 2. Surface type of carriageway and shoulders
- 3. Right of Way (ROW)
- 4. Average embankment, height, type and condition
- 5. Location of major Bridges, RoBs, Flyovers.
- 6. Type and location of Side Drains
- 7. Road Side Land Use
- 8. Utility lines and trees within the boundaries
- 9. Location and Condition of Traffic Sign Boards
- 10. Location of Bus stops, Parking areas and other amenities
- 11. Location of Major industries and business centers
- 12. Location and details of cross roads
- 13. Sight distance details
- 14. Perched water table, HFL, Depth of submergence the road is subject to
- 15. Areas subject to chronic flooding and submergence
- 16. Recording urban and Rural areas, name of places and settlements
Inventory and Condition Assessment of Existing Cross Drainage Structures
- a) The location of each bridge and culvert shall be recorded, along with its type and the carriageway width.
- b) A detailed inspection of bridges and culverts shall be carried out to assess their condition. This would lead to a report preparation on condition of bridges and structures
- c) The structures, which show deficiency in terms of capacity and strength, shall be reviewed in the light of repair/rehabilitation possibilities with suitable recommendations.
Assess Adequacy of Drainage
- 1.) Inadequacy of drainage reflects in terms of fast deterioration of the pavement aswell as causes inconvenience to the traffic,
- a) General condition of drainage
- b) Connectivity of drainage turnouts en-route into the network topography
- c) Condition in cut sections
- d) Condition at embankments
Pavement Condition Survey
- Detailed field studies shall be carried out to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the existing pavement. The data Shall generally cover
- a) Pavement condition (surface distress type and extent)
- b) Shoulder condition
- c) Embankment condition
- d) Drainage condition
Pavement Roughness Survey
- a) Roughness is a critical attribute for modeling the economic variables of investment. The roughness is measured in International Roughness Index (IRI), the unit of IRI is m/km.
- b) The roughness surveys shall be conducted using a fifth wheel Bump Integrator (preferably vehicle equipped with ROMDAS).
- c) The test vehicle shall be run on the wheel path on both the directions preferably three times and the average result is reported as the IRI
Pavement Composition Survey
To know the pavement composition and to collect the soil samples for testing, trial pits of size 1m x 1m shall be made at the interface of pavement with shouldersaccording to the following procedure:
- a) Mark the location of the pit-half on the pavement and balance on the shoulders.
- b) Dismantle the marked area to full depth of pavement.
- c) Ascertain the pavement composition
Benkelman Beam Deflection (BBD) Survey
- The procedure for carrying out BBD survey shall be in conformity with IRC:81-1997. Deflections are measured at 50m intervals staggered on both directions of traffic and then apply the method of cumulative differences to divide the sectionsfor arriving at the characteristic deflections.
- a) Traffic regulation arrangement during carrying out Benkelman Beam Deflection surveys shall be as follows
- b) Cordon the area with suitably spaced cones and provide temporary traffic signs.
- c) Carryout the Benkelman Beam survey work.
- d) Shift the cones and temporary signs to next location.
- 1. Existing Sub-Grade And Embankment Soils
- 2. Construction Materials Investigation
- 3. Borrow Areas
- 4. Quarries For Aggregates
- 5. Quarries For Sand
- 6. Sources For Other Construction Materials
- Material investigation aims at collecting all material samples that is being used under the present road and anticipated borrow material and subject to standard testing procedure to recommend most appropriate designs
- a) Soil sampling, field density tests and laboratory tests on existing sub-grade and soil sampling of embankment soils.
- b) Investigating borrow materials for embankment, sub-grade and granular sub-base.
- c) Investigating aggregate and sand quarries
- d) Locating water sources for construction work
- e) Identifying sources for other construction material such as cement, bitumen and steel.
- f) Samples of borrow soils, sand, crushed rock and gravel for use in embankment, and pavement structure.
Subgrade Soil Samples
- a) The tests being performed are
- b) Grain size distribution test for each sample,
- c) Atterberg limits for each sample,
- d) Moisture density relationship (Heavy Compaction) for each sample,
- e) Unsoaked CBR tests at optimum moisture content at three energy levels.
- f) Four days soaked CBR at three energy levels on each homogenous group of soils. Soaked CBR at FDD and 97% of the MDD is to be determined from the graphs plotted for CBR vs Density at three energy levels.
- a) Topographical survey is the backbone of detailed engineering design.
- b) Accuracy of the information collected during this survey has direct bearing on almost all the design activities involved in project preparation.
- c) The beginning of topographical surveys is made with collection of preliminary information of latitude and longitude of the region as well as approximate reduced level above mean sea from Survey of India maps available in the region.
- d) Setting up permanent bench marks and control stations to be used during construction
- e) Establishment of horizontal control with GPS to have unique coordinate system of northing and easting along the project corridor.
- f) Establishment of vertical control to have the elevation coordinate hooked to nearest GTS stations along the project corridor.
- g) Collection of Digital Terrain Model data containing the existing highway, rivers, streams and other topographical features to form the basis for the new designs;
- h) Preparation of base plans containing the entire natural and manmade features like buildings, fences, walls, utilities, temples and other religious structures etc. that would govern the finalization of horizontal alignment.
- i) Coding for various types of features is comprised of four characters.
- j) The first two characters describe the type of feature and the last two characters indicate the string number.
- k) The string number i.e. the last two characters are alphanumeric, such as, A1-A9, BO-B9.......... ZO- Z9,AA-AZ, BA-BZ, .…….. ZA- ZZ.
- a) With a view to obtain an accurate surface cross section on the pavement shall be collected at 25m intervals at the tangent sections and 10-25m in curve sections.
- b) The cross-sections levels were taken on the embankment profile or ground as necessary to define ground profile properly.
- c) Center line of carriageway (Code CC**);
- d) Edge of carriageway (Code CE**);
- e) Paved shoulder (Code SH**). This is where the seal has been extended past the normal edge of the road to include a part of the shoulder;
- f) Edge of shoulder (Code SS**); Where ** indicates left or right string
- g) Point on undisturbed original ground level (OG);
- h) Point on partially or completely filled surface of the top of embankment/ formation(ET**)
- i) Point on bottom of embankment (EB**); Where ** indicates left or right string
4.0 DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN
4.1 Engineering Design
4.1.1 Highway Geometric Design
4.1.2 Design Of Built-up Areas
4.1.3 Design Of Pavement And Shoulders
4.1.4 Overlay Design
4.1.5 Design Of Service Road And Bypass
4.1.6 Design Of Embankments
4.1.7 Design Of Roadside Drainage
4.1.8 Detailed Design Of Bridges/Structures
4.1.9 Design Of Arboricultural And Landscaping
4.1.10 Design Of Intersection And Interchange
4.1.11 Design Of Traffic Safety Features, Road Furniture And Road Markings
4.1.13 Weighing Station, Parking Areas And Rest Areas
4.1.14 Design Of Wayside Amenities
4.1.15 Design Of Communication System
4.1.16 Design Of Bus-Bays And Lay-By
4.1.17 Design Of Miscellaneous Items
5.1 Project Costing
5.1.1 Finalisation Of Unit Rates
5.1.2 Preliminary Estimate Of Quantities
5.1.3 Preliminary Costing
5.2 Economic Analysis
5.2.1 Construction/Improvement Cost
5.2.2 Vehicle Operating Costs And Time Costs
5.2.3 Accident Costs
5.2.4 Social And Environmental Costs
5.2.5 Estimation Of Project Benefits
5.2.6 Economic Analysis By Section
5.2.7 Finalisation Of Improvement Option
5.3 Financial Analysis
5.3.1 Determination Of Toll Rates
5.3.2 Compilation Of Project Costs
5.3.3 Identification Of Preliminary Project Revenue Stream
5.3.4 Financial Analysis
5.4 Formulation Of Construction Packages
5.5Submission Of Project Report Highway Geometric Design
Horizontal Alignment: The proposed centerline shall be finalised using asophisticated highway design software, All the curves having poor geometry shall be improved to the acceptable design standards
Vertical Profile: The existing longitudinal section of the project road shall be obtained from modeling the ground data. The finished profile shall depend on the thickness of the pavement layer determined from pavement design provision for necessary profile corrective and camber corrective course.
– Avoid cutting/scraping of existing pavement at strengthening only sections
– Compatibility of design speed to horizontal geometry of the section
– Provide adequate vertical curve at the grade change from stopping sight distance criterion.
Cross Section: The proposed cross sections are broadly composed of carriage way, medians, raised footpath, hard shoulders, earth shoulder and drainage provisions. While running cross-sections care shall be taken in applying appropriate super elevation parameters, strengthening & widening, and improvement options based on rural, built-up etc.
- a) The earthwork in cutting and filling shall be obtained from the software directly at a specified interval along with Mass haul diagram.
Design of Built-up Areas
This activity shall focus on design of urban areas in the form of parking lane, service road, sidewalk and roadside drainage underneath the sidewalk etc. All these details shall be clearly shown in the horizontal plan and also typical cross sections shall be prepared.
Design of Pavement and Shoulders
a) The performance of pavement in terms of functional performance, structural performance, structural capacity, and safety contribute to the need for an overlay.
b) Functional performance refers to the ability of the pavement surface to provide a reasonable riding quality measured in terms of roughness.
c) Structural performance is the ability to retain the integrity of the pavement by preventing distress in the form of cracks, ruts, potholes, etc.
d) Structural capacity is the pavement's ability to accommodate the axle load on the pavement. Safety aspect refers mainly the skid resistance and hydroplaning potential.
Design of Service Road and Bypass
• This activity shall focus on design of service road and bypass in terms of number of lanes and pavement composition.
• The local traffic component shall be segregated and would determine the number of lanes to be provided in the service road. Depending on this traffic loading and soil investigation already carried out, the pavement composition shall be decided.
Design of Embankments
• The embankments would be designed after detailed analysis and as per the relevant standards and latest software available. General design parameters shall follow IRCguidelines.
Design of Roadside Drainage
- 1) Drainage is an important aspect in the design of highway. With poor drainage conditions the pavement will not sustain till the end of design life.
- a) Design of kutcha drain on both sides near RoW limits in rural sections
- b) Covered pucca drains near urban areas if necessary
- c) Design of chutes in high embankment areas for drainage of surface water – In super elevation sections median drains shall be provided
- d) As a slope protection measure for high embankment section, turfing on slopes or pitching shall be designed as per the design standards.
Detailed Design of Bridges/Structures
- a) Based on the detailed survey, sub-surface investigation and design standards and specifications developed bridge/structures shall be designed.
- b) General design parameters and loadings shall follow IRC guidelines, amended when necessary in consultation with client.
- c) In selecting foundation type, the consultant shall also take into account the time required for construction of alternatives, and give preference to those which minimise construction time.
- d) In developing the standard designs and for those designs, which cannot be standardized, computer programs for design and drawing shall be used extensively. On the basis of the investigation and design standards, detailed designs for minor bridges and culverts shall be prepared.
Design of Arboricultural and Landscaping
Appropriate plans shall be developed for planting of trees, horticulture and floriculture on the unused land of the RoW in order to beautify the project corridor view and improve the overall aesthetics.
Design of Intersection and Interchange
- a) To avoid skew crossing wherever possible
- b) To provide control radius of minimum 12.5 m for right turning traffic
- c) To provide radius of minimum 9.0m for left turning traffic
- d) To provide maximum possible length for weaving section in case of rotary
- e) To provide 3.0m additional width of carriageway at weaving sections
- f) To provide adequate sight distance for all traffic movements
- g) To provide slip lanes for left turning where the volume is assessed to be high and also land is available
- h) IRC: SP41-1994 Guidelines of Design of At-grade Intersection in Rural and Urban areas and M/ORT&H type designs for intersection on National Highway, 1992shall be followed in the design of intersections. For developing designs for interchanges at identified intersections IRC: 92-1985 “Guidelines for the design of interchanges in urban areas” and AASHTO guidelines shall be followed.
Design of Toll Plaza
- a) Design toll plaza layout based on traffic segregation, acceptable queue length, toll collection system and the average waiting time shall be made.
- b) The plaza shall be designed based on the forecast traffic in such a way that the traffic shall be subject to minimum delay and inconvenience. Also necessary facilities shall be provided in the design for effective toll collection.
Design of Traffic Safety features, Road Furniture and Road Markings
Design of traffic signs and road markings, to effectively guide and control the traffic, shall be carried out based on current national and international practices.
Weighing Station, Parking Areas and Rest Areas
Sites for Weighing stations, parking areas and rest areas shall be selected based on the data collected and as per the discussions with the MoRT&H.
Design of Wayside Amenities
Design of the Wayside Amenities carried out in accordance with the comments and suggestions of client and suitable layouts shall be prepared accommodating petrol pump, first-aid medical facilities, restaurant, vehicle parking, toilets, telephone kiosks, etc.
Design of Communication System
An emergency telephone communication system to be used even by a person in emergent condition with little effort shall be designed. This would be a public access telephone system dedicated to control center, which shall coordinate services like fire, ambulance, police and retrieval of breakdown vehicles, besides emergency highway maintenance operations.
Design of Bus-bays and Lay-by
Review of design of bus-bays, in accordance with comments of clients, as per IRC and M/ORT&H guidelines and drawings shall be made.
Design of Miscellaneous Items
Designs for guardrails, street lighting and other necessary roadside appurtenance shall be carried out based on IRC and other current international practices.
Traffic Management Schemes during Implementation
Traffic management during construction is an integral part of execution of highway projects. An efficient scheme or traffic management shall be developed based onMoRT&H and IRC guidelines, which would include traffic diversion plans during construction and maintenance and other measures for traffic control and safety.
- a) Unit rates shall be normally based on Schedule of Rates of respective departments
- b) The unit rates calculated for similar roadwork and bridgework items shall be reviewed and updated for cost calculation. In specific projects
Preliminary Estimate of Quantities
- 1) Quantities of various items shall be worked out based on the typical cross sections already prepared chainage wise. Total item wise quantities for bridges and C-D structures shall also be calculated considering the design features and present condition of bridges.
- a) Construction Cost
- b) Maintenance Cost
- c) Land Acquisition Cost
- d) Environmental Cost
- e) Cost of Utility Relocation.
- 1) In order to carry out the economic analysis, all economic costs shall be estimated by each homogenous section. These costs comprise of the following:
- a) Cost of construction/improvement.
- b) Vehicle operating costs and time costs.
- c) Accident costs.
- d) Social and environmental costs.
Estimation of Project Benefits
- 1) The benefits from each improvement option shall be derived by using the approach of "with" and "without" project scenario, for each homogeneous section. The benefits would comprise the following:
- a) VOC savings
- b) Travel time savings
- c) Savings in Accident costs
- d) Socio-Environmental benefits
- a) Financial analysis, by each section, shall be carried out for the identification of potential BOT candidates. The revenue stream, as generated in the previous tasks shall be included into the analysis in two stages:
- b) Revenue only from toll imposition
- c) Revenue from other sources as well.
Formulation of Construction Packages
- a) The project corridor shall be divided into several construction packages depending on the length of the project corridor. These shall cover and facilitate:
- b) Enabling more contractors to bid
- c) Uniformity in work
- d) Speed in implementation of the project speedily
- e) Economy in construction
- f) Efficient Project management

domain: design


text:
Card-by-Yankees Card: The 1977 Topps Set, Cards #583, Paul Lindblad (Article 114)
by Paul Semendinger
(Continuing a series…)
The 1972 Oakland A's won the World Series. Within a few years, their top two starting pitchers, by games started (at least) Catfish Hunter and Ken Holtzman, would be Yankees. The Yankees also acquired Vida Blue, another of the A's big time starting pitchers, but the Commissioner of Baseball vetoed the deal.
In 1973, the A's won the World Series again. Paul Lindblad pitched in 36 games for that team. He then pitched in 45 games for the 1974 World Champion A's. He too would one day be a Yankee.
It seemed there was a time when the Yankees loved acquiring members from the A's dynasty.
Of the players that were members of the 1972-74 Oakland A's, the following would all eventually be Yankees:
This sort of reminds me of the way the Yankees gathered talent from the great Mets teams of the late 1980s. All of the following Mets from 1986-87 eventually became Yankees:
It seems in the history of the 1970s through 1990s that the Yankees liked to collect players from certain teams.
By the time Paul Lindblad became a Yankee, his career was just about over. In fact, Lindblad pitched his last big league games with the Yankees.
Paul Lindblad came up with the 1965 Kansas City A's and pitched with that franchise until May 1971 when he was traded to the Washington Senators. Lindblad would return to the A's in 1973 from the Texas Rangers (who the Senators became). In 1972, while with the Rangers, Lindblad led the American League in games pitched with 66. He threw 99 innings, all out of the bullpen that year. In two other seasons, 1975 and 1976, with the A's, he appeared in 65 or more games and threw over 100 innings all out of the bullpen.
In total, Lindblad would spend eleven seasons with the A's. He pitched in 479 games for them, mostly as a relief pitcher. He made a total of only 30 starts in all that time. For the A's, Lindblad went 52-45, 3.29. He saved 64 games.
Lindblad faced Willie Mays, a pinch-hitter in Game Three of the 1973 World Series. Mays grounded into a force out at second base in what would be his last ever at bat in the Major Leagues.
A few years later, on September 28, 1975, on the last day of the season, Lindblad combined with Vida Blue, Glenn Abbott, and Rollie Fingers on the first ever no-hitter that included three or more pitchers.
In 1977 and 1978, Lindblad pitched for the Texas Rangers (again) and, on August 1, 1978, Lindblad was sold to the Yankees. He pitched in seven games for the Yankees making one start. He pitched 18.1 innings, amassed an ERA of 4.42. He struck out nine batters, but also allowed four homers (yikes).
Paul Lindblad's one start as a Yankee came on September 4, 1978 at Yankee Stadium against the Detroit Tigers. He allowed two runs over three innings in a game the Yankees would lose 5-4. Sparky Lyle (who will be featured next in this series) took the loss in that game. Also because of the way these things go, Aurelio Rodriguez (who I wrote about yesterday) hit a homer off Lindblad.
The four players who homered off Paul Lindblad when he pitched for the Yankees were:
Fred Lynn (Red Sox)
Bob Bailey (Red Sox)
Aurelio Rodriguez (Tigers) and
Dan Briggs (Indians)
On October 1, 1978, the Yankees had a chance to clinch the American League East by defeating the Cleveland Indians. The Yankees lost that game 9-2. The Red Sox won their game that day to force the tie and the one-game playoff the next day in Boston.
In the Yankee game of October 1, it was Paul Lindblad who pitched the final out the Yankees would record in the top of the ninth inning. The player he retired, the only batter he faced that day, was Dan Briggs who had homered the previous game they had faced each other (on September 22. Of note, after homering, he faced Lindblad again and struck out).
Paul Lindblad's final appearance in uniform as a pitcher game in Game 1 of the 1978 World Series. He pitched 2.1 innings of relief in a game the Yankees lost 11-5. Lindblad allowed three runs off four hits.
When the end came, it came fast: Steve Garvey singled, Ron Cey popped out (the last batter Lindblad would ever retire), Dusty Baker singled, Billy North doubled home two runs, and Lee Lacy singled home North. And that was it. Dick Tidrow came in to mop-up the rest of the game.
After the season, the Yankees sold Lindblad to the Seattle Mariners, but he never made it into a game with them.

domain: game