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1. Introduction: Recognizing Women in Business
Women entrepreneurs play a pivotal role in the global economy, contributing significantly to innovation, employment, and economic growth. However, they often encounter barriers, including limited access to resources and opportunities. Recognizing the potential of women-owned Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), empowering them through certification programs has become crucial.
2. Understanding MSME Certification
MSME certificate is a formal recognition provided by governmental bodies to small businesses meeting specific criteria regarding turnover, investment, and employment. It offers various benefits, including access to financial assistance, preferential treatment in government schemes, and market opportunities.
3. Importance of Certification for Women Entrepreneurs
For women-owned MSMEs, certification brings unique advantages. It serves as a validation of their business credibility, enhancing their visibility and access to formal markets. It unlocks doors to funding, facilitates networking opportunities, and helps in building trust with customers and stakeholders.
4. Overcoming Challenges Through Certification
Certification acts as a tool to overcome gender-based challenges. It levels the playing field, reducing gender biases and discrimination in business. Through formal recognition, it encourages more investment, mentoring, and capacity-building programs specifically tailored for women entrepreneurs.
5. Case Studies: Success Stories
Highlighting success stories of women entrepreneurs who benefited from MSME certification can inspire others. Stories of businesses that scaled up, accessed new markets, and thrived due to certification can motivate aspiring entrepreneurs and showcase the tangible impact of certification programs.
6. Collaborative Efforts and Support Systems
Empowering women entrepreneurs requires collaborative efforts from governments, NGOs, private sectors, and financial institutions. Establishing support systems such as training programs, mentorship initiatives, and dedicated funding opportunities can significantly contribute to their success.
7. Addressing Specific Needs
Recognizing the unique needs of women entrepreneurs within the certification process is crucial. Tailoring certification criteria to accommodate challenges like access to markets, networking, and balancing family responsibilities can make the certification process more inclusive and accessible.
8. Bridging the Gap: Access to Finance
Certification often improves access to financial resources for women-owned MSMEs. Financial institutions, encouraged by the credibility certification offers, are more inclined to provide loans and funding opportunities, enabling business expansion and innovation.
9. Amplifying Social Impact
Certified women entrepreneurs often demonstrate a commitment to social responsibility and community development. Through their businesses, they create employment opportunities, support local economies, and champion social causes, driving a positive impact beyond mere economic growth.
10. Continuous Learning and Development
MSME certification isn’t a one-time achievement; it’s a journey of continuous improvement. Women entrepreneurs benefit immensely from capacity-building programs, workshops, and networking events facilitated through certification bodies, enhancing their skills and knowledge base.
11. Future Prospects and Sustainability
Certification empowers women entrepreneurs to envision long-term sustainability. It encourages the adoption of sustainable business practices, innovation, and adaptation to changing market dynamics, ensuring their businesses remain relevant and resilient.
12. Advocacy and Empowerment
Beyond the business realm, MSME certification for women entrepreneurs contributes to advocacy efforts for gender equality. It showcases the importance of women’s economic empowerment and serves as a model for encouraging similar initiatives globally.
13. Advocating Policy Changes
Certification programs can also serve as a catalyst for advocating policy changes that benefit women entrepreneurs. Highlighting the challenges faced by certified MSMEs can prompt governments to implement policies that address gender disparities, ensuring equal opportunities and support for women in business.
14. International Recognition and Market Access
MSME certification can facilitate international recognition, opening doors to global markets. Certifying women-owned businesses can also align with international standards, enhancing credibility and competitiveness on the global stage.
15. Mentorship and Knowledge Exchange
Establishing mentorship programs within the certification framework encourages experienced entrepreneurs to guide and support aspiring women entrepreneurs. This exchange of knowledge and experience not only fosters growth but also builds a strong network of support.
16. Collaboration for Innovation
Certified women entrepreneurs can collaborate on innovative projects, leveraging their diverse skill sets and experiences. Such collaborations can lead to the development of groundbreaking solutions and foster a culture of innovation within their respective industries.
17. Measuring Impact and Continuous Improvement
Regular assessment of the impact of MSME certification on women entrepreneurs is crucial. Collecting data on business growth, revenue, employment generation, and societal contributions helps in refining and improving certification programs to better serve their needs.
18. Community Engagement and Recognition
Acknowledging certified women entrepreneurs through awards and events not only boosts their morale but also inspires others. Creating a community around certified businesses fosters collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and collective growth.
Now Print Udyam Certificate through udyam portal.
MSME certification acts as a catalyst in empowering women entrepreneurs, breaking barriers, and fostering inclusive economic growth. It’s not merely a label but a pathway to equality, providing women with the tools and opportunities needed to thrive in the business landscape.
In conclusion, the journey towards empowering women entrepreneurs through MSME certification is not just about recognition; it’s about providing a platform for their growth and success. By acknowledging their contributions, offering support, and breaking down barriers, certification programs can pave the way for a more equitable business landscape, where women-owned businesses flourish, driving economic progress and societal change.


On Sunday, September 3rd, David Lynch and Mark Frost’s iconic series Twin Peaks comes to an end. In anticipation, Consequence of Sound will be reporting live from The Great Northern Hotel with some damn fine features all week. Today, we round up every recap of Twin Peaks: The Return, from the beginning with Part 1 to what will soon be the final episode, Part 18. Needless to say, it’s been a strange and wonderful journey that we’ll be revisiting quite often.
From Sunday, May 21st to Sunday, September 3rd, Kelly McClure covered the Twin Peaks beat, recapping all of the chaos by attempting to step inside the mind of David Lynch and Mark Frost. Now, you can relive that madness by reading every one of her writeups, from the beginning to what will ultimately be the end with tonight’s two-part series (?) finale, which we’ll post here soon after.
Editor’s Note: Stay safe by picking up one of our custom face masks. A portion of the proceeds will benefit MusiCares’ COVID-19 Artist Relief fund supporting independent musicians.


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Are you coming to Bali and wonder where you should stay and where to go? Read about all the different places and areas on this small tropical island. Bali is a small island and is part of Indonesia. The main religion is Hinduism as opposed to Islamism in the rest of Indonesia. This is one reason why for example alcohol is more consumed.
Where to stay in Bali?
Before booking accommodation in Bali, you should be aware of the different areas in Bali. To some, Bali might only be a party and beach place, but it is a lot more. Here are the most important places to know about:
Kuta – the party area of Bali
Kuta, right within Denpasar, the capital of Bali and near the airport, is the party place of Bali. If you are looking for wild nights, this is where you want to stay.
Ubud – the cultural center of Bali
Ubud is much quieter, nevertheless very touristy. Here you find all kind of Balinese art (very gorgeous and sometimes you feel like not having enough space to bring it back home) and restaurants. Of course there are also bars, but this is not the place, where you are having big nights out. One thing to know: There is no beach in Ubud! The popular monkey forest is also in Ubud – for a small fee you get to see lots of monkey – be careful, they like to steal stuff like food and backpacks!
Ubud is linked in the map below.
Canggu – Surfing and Digital Nomads
Canggu is the surf capital of Bali. The waves are particularly strong, which guarantees loads of fun if you surf. Lots of digital nomads are also based here. Canggu offers a number of bars and it’s great for having a couple of drinks at night.
Simanyak – the posh area of Bali
In Simanyak lives the upper class of Bali. This neighborhood is fairly expensive.
Where to go diving?
You can go diving pretty much everywhere in Bali. The best place to do so is in the north of Bali – in Amed. From Amed you can also take ferries to Gili.
Where to visit rice fields?
Rice fields are pretty much spread all across Bali. They are very beautiful! We found the most beautiful ones to be in Sidemen.
Can I see volcanoes in Bali?
Yes, you are in luck! There are 3 volcanoes you can visit on this Island:
Mount Batur: The peak ofmMount Batur is 1717 meter above sea-level and based in the village called Batur and the lake, also called Batur. This volcano is very popular because the hike is relatively easy. Get there in the morning so you can see the sunrise from the top. Due to the popularity many locals will bother you at the beginning for the hike and try to get some money out of you. The hike lasts for about 2 to 3 hours.
Mount Agung: Believe it or not, the highest point of Bali is 3142 meters above sea-level – the Agung volcano! It is the most sacred mountain on Bali and popular for experienced hikers – the hike can last about 6 to 7 hours.
Mount Catur: The Catur volcano is 2096 meters high near lake Bratan. The hike lasts for about 3 hours.
When visiting a volcano, make sure to bring enough water and also some warm clothes – yes also in Bali! It is quite cold that high up. Also keep in mind, that hiking up the volcano is quite exhausting, also if it takes a little time – hiking down is much easier (not so much on your knees though).
Where to go hiking?
If you would like to go hiking (and not volcanoes), you should check out Munduk. Here you are right in the middle of a rainforest among gorgeous waterfalls.
Is it safe to rent a scooter?
If you want to travel around the island, a scooter is the way to go, as it is much faster as travelling by car. Don’t nail us down on whether it is safe or not… Fact is, if you are on a scooter you will always have to be careful and think ahead – not only for you but for all traffic participants. You won’t be allowed to be distracted a lot, but you will also find that doing so, a relatively small amount of accidents happen. The after work traffic jam in the capital is especially intense. Keep in mind, we have also met people who have lost their loved ones in car accidents!
How much is a scooter for one day?
You should not pay more than 50-70.000 Rupiah for one day. Ask at your accommodation, they might provide a great deal. Also, they scooter consume very little fuel and fuel is very cheap in Indonesia. If you travel small distances, chances are there is enough fuel in your tank already, so you don’t need to visit a petrol station. Also: Don’t be surprised if you only need to write down your name (and maybe passport number) in order to rent a scooter.
How can I visit Gili Islands from Bali?
From Bali you can jump on a ferry to visit Gili Islands. Read our guide about this tropical paradise.
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domain: geography


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(Saba)- Secretary-General of the Arab League A hmed Aboul-Gheit on Monday appealed to the international community and humanitarian organizations to immediately provide assistance and relief to Yemenis.
HR office documents more than 18,000 Houthi human rights abuses in one year
MARIB - SABA
The Ministry of Human Rights office (Sana'a-branch) unveiled today that the Houthi militia occupying the capital Sana'a committed more than 18,000 human rights abuses in the capital city last year.
In a report it launched in a press conference in Marib, the office said the abuses included extrajudicial killing, enforced disappearances.
Addressing the conference, the Minister of Local Administration Abdraqeeb Fatah affirmed the importance of documenting and laying bare the Houthi inhuman practices via all media outlets to make them known to the world. He said the rights of the victims to prosecuting the Houthi militants won't deteriorate with the passage of time.

domain: law


Contradicting reports from the Ethereum Classic camp, cryptocurrency exchange giant Coinbase announced this afternoon that the apparent ETC blockchain reorganization attack had been accompanied by around half a million dollars in double spends.
Coinbase Detects Double Spends on Ethereum Classic Network
According to Coinbase, the firm first identified the deep chain reorganization on Jan. 5, at which point it halted on-chain ETC payments to protect customers — and the crypto exchange itself — from falling prey to a double spend attack.
Notably, this was not a one-time event. Indeed, the attacks are apparently ongoing, but as of the time of writing at 3:15 pm ET, Coinbase said that it had identified at least nine reorganizations containing double spends. Altogether, these double spends amounted to 88,500 ETC or about $460,000 at current prices.


RA 17 should be Rock Island Arsenal, 1917 mfg. .30-40 Krag (.30 US, .30 US Govt, .30 USA). Don't know about the "R" stamp on the primer.
US service rifle cartridge from 1892 to 1903, replaced by the .30-03 Springfield, which was replaced in 1906 with the .30-06.
Apparently military arsenals produced some Krag ammo at least through WW I, if I am right and it is Rock Island. I've seen and shot old Remington ammo, marked .30 USA (commercial ammo), and with that headstamp, its not Remington commerical ammo.
All else being equal (and it almost never is) bigger bullets tend to work better.


What you'll learn:
- The types of testing supported by Keysight's new C-V2X system.
- Benefits of the system's environmental emulator, which allows for in-lab testing.
The biggest challenge in cars with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is the massive amounts of data from an increased number of sensors that decision-making units must process, in turn driving greater complexity in development, simulation, and testing.
Going to the next step—achieving the goal of fully autonomous driving—involves the development of still more complex software infused with artificial intelligence (AI). It ultimately must correctly interpret and act upon streams of real-time data from the surrounding infrastructure as well as from the arrays of in-vehicle-based sensors. Thorough verification of the functionality, performance, and safety of such systems will depend on detailed simulation and testing in the lab.
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications allows automobiles to directly connect with each other, roadside infrastructure, and pedestrians. Its benefits range from road safety, traffic efficiency, and smart mobility to environmental sustainability and driver convenience.
Keysight Technologies recently introduced a test solution that’s able to stay in step with evolving C-V2X requirements. The SA8700A supports RF, protocol, and application-layer testing, as well as providing support for future releases of 5G New Radio (NR) C-V2X. This will help accelerate deployment of the technologies developed for advanced AV capabilities.
The foundation is the Keysight UXM 5G wireless test set coupled with the C-V2X test application (C8732114A), a suite of Keysight X-Apps C-V2X RF measurements (C87320R1A), C-V2X waveform generation (C87320R2A), an intelligent transportation system (ITS) stack, and application-layer testing. The C-V2X solution leverages the same X-Apps and same measurement algorithms used in Keysight’s signal analyzers and wireless test sets.
Supporting 3GPP Release 15, the wireless test solution enables engineers to establish a 5G call with a device under test (DUT) in different 5G NR deployment modes—non-standalone (NSA), standalone (SA), and frequency bands FR1 and FR2. The solution performs signaling test for device RF characteristics, protocol compliance, and functional key performance indicators.
The test system facilitates validating DUT performance over-the-air (OTA) with chambers designed for different test cases across the device workflow.
Keysight's C-V2X Autonomous Drive Emulation (ADE) solution on the UXM 5G Wireless Test platform supports a range of test types that will support future releases of 5G NR C-V2X, including:
- Transmitter testing: Power, error-vector magnitude (EVM, a measure used to quantify the performance of a digital radio transmitter or receiver; a signal sent by an ideal transmitter or received by a receiver would have all points precisely at the ideal locations), frequency accuracy, in-band emissions, and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR is the ratio of the transmitted power on the assigned channel to the power received in the adjacent radio channel).
- Receiver testing: Sensitivity, maximum input level, adjacent-channel selectivity.
- Protocol testing: Ensure correct PC5 link protocol, V2X message types and content are sent and received. Coverage of C-V2X and LTE protocol test cases for GCF (Global Certification Forum, often required by operators in countries outside of North America for network access and connectivity to devices) and PTCRB device certification (PCS Type Certification Review Board, a pre-requisite for carriers such as AT&T, T-Mobile, etc., regarding network testing).
- Application-layer testing: Incorporate application-level testing that integrates C-V2X scenarios with hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems.
The C-V2X ADE solution provides an environment emulator for in-lab testing versus realistic roadway scenarios. Using total scene generation, it exercises ADAS software using time-synchronized inputs to the actual sensors, enabling engineers to:
- Validate the system performance earlier in the development cycle and enhance validation with synchronous testing of communication-based systems with application-level testing that integrates C-V2X scenarios with HIL systems.
- Leverage the flexibility of the platform to add relevant sensor types and expand as sensor systems and test requirements evolve.
- Reduce integration costs by leveraging an existing test environment and workflow.
- Verify performance relative to the relevant ITS stack, ensuring accurate communication to and from the vehicle, covering cases for all major regions: China, Europe, and the United States.
- Use 24/7 regression testing to ensure the quality of future updates as well as consistent testing of features and updates that are released post-start of production.


Earlier this week Walter Frederick Morrison, the inventor of the Frisbee, died.
I think the invention of the Frisbee is one of those events that is destined to be shrouded in the mists of time, like the invention of baseball. Run a Google search on the death of the inventor of the Frisbee and you will find a variety of stories about how the moment of inspiration happened. Was it Morrison tossing a pie tin to his uncle in the ’30s? Was Morrison taking cakes to the beach in the ’40s and playing catch with the empty plate? Different articles tell different stories. The important point is that Morrison took a simple idea, improved on what existed, and developed a product that is known and used throughout the world.
Morrison sold the Frisbee idea to Wham-O in 1957 — the year I was born — and the idea took off. According to the linked article, 200 million Frisbees have been sold since then. I’m a bit surprised it is not more than that. The Frisbee is now ubiquitous on beaches and college campuses across the globe. What American kid hasn’t thrown a Frisbee or caught one?
So, farewell to Mr. Morrison, and may he rest in peace. We are left to wonder: what must it have felt like for him to walk past a college campus on a warm spring day and see happy students hurling his invention and sprinting across the lush green grass to snag that flying disk, and know that he had made their lives a bit richer and more fun than they would have been otherwise?


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Xica ★★★ 1976
A diamond rush in 18th century Brazil transformed that country's interior into a place of undreamed wealth and excess. Black slave Xica uses her sexual allure to rise out of poverty and capture the attentions of Joao, the governor of the diamond-mining town. She gleefully wields her increasing wealth and power, becoming the unofficial Empress of Brazil. Reportedly based on a real-life character. In Portuguese with English subtitles. 109m/C VHS . BR Zeze Motta, Walmor Chagas, Altair Lima, Jose Wilker, Marcus Vinicius, Elke Maravilha; D: Carlos Diegues; W: Joao Felicio.

domain: artistic


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Ages 2 - 12
The Ardnamurchan Peninsula is due west of Fort William. Built-in 1849, Ardnamurchan Lighthouse guides ships through the waters of Scotland’s west coast.
Where we are
KilchoanAcharacle PH36 4LN
The Salen, providing beautiful accommodation, lovely food and a warm welcome.
Get more booking with Private House Stays using our online booking software.


Well… not exactly. Or at least not entirely. But the State Department has ordered all non-essential personnel to leave the country. It’s a move unusual enough to lead to questions and it almost certainly has to do with the deteriorating situation with Iran. (NPR)
The State Department has ordered all “non-emergency” U.S. government employees to leave Iraq right away.
The travel advisory specifically orders the departure of employees at the U.S. embassy in Baghdad and consulate in Erbil, noting that “normal visa services will be temporarily suspended at both posts.”
It was not immediately clear what led to the order on Wednesday. The advisory instructs U.S. citizens not to travel to Iraq due to high risks of terrorism, kidnapping, and armed conflict.
The idea that Iraq and Syria are dangerous places to travel isn’t exactly new, particularly given the presence of Iranian-backed Shiite militias in both countries. But has that threat scaled up this year? The White House says yes, but not everyone agrees. Before the ink was even dry on that order, the British deputy commander of the allied forces fighting ISIS in the region, Maj. Gen. Chris Ghika, put out a statement contradicting our State Department, saying he hadn’t seen any increase in the threat level. (New York Times)
“We are aware of their presence clearly and we monitor them along with a whole range of others because of the environment we are in,” General Ghika said.
But he said, “No, there has been no increased threat from Iranian-backed forces in Iraq or Syria.”
Intelligence and military officials in Europe as well as in the United States said that over the past year, most aggressive moves have originated not in Tehran, but in Washington — where John R. Bolton, the national security adviser, has prodded President Trump into backing Iran into a corner.
The New York Times is obviously playing down the threat and seeking to blame John Bolton’s influence on President Trump for ratcheting up tensions in the region. How much of that is true? It’s a fair bet that, as usual, there’s probably a bit of truth on both sides. Anyone who has been watching the increased activities of Iranian financed militias in Yemen, Syria and the Palestinian territories has to at least suspect that they’ve been pushing the boundaries for a while now.
But at the same time, it’s tough to argue against the claim that both Bolton and Mike Pompeo have long been very hawkish on Iran. I’m not saying either one of them is specifically looking to start a war there, but I have no doubt they wouldn’t mind finishing one. The question to address here is whether this is all part of President Trump’s “maximum pressure” technique designed to bring Iran back to the table on nuclear negotiations or if he feels that horse has already left the barn and he’s preparing to eliminate Iran’s nuclear facilities in a more “direct” fashion.
Personally, I don’t see Trump taking the first step toward military engagement there. He would definitely prefer another diplomatic victory, with Iran agreeing to more comprehensive inspections in exchange for sanctions relief. But if any Iranian vessels wind up attacking either the cargo ships or naval forces of the United States or our allies, you’d better buckle your seatbelts. A war with Iran would be extraordinarily messy.


Most of us who use vehicle pooling regularly with colleagues or friends end up creating WhatsApp groups and sending messages to know the whereabouts. This often results in little anxiety and some frustration when you end up waiting longer for reasons beyond the control of the driver.
Recently, a Kerala Volvo bus conductor was in the news for his proactive measure of creating a WhatsApp group for regular commuters to share the bus location. While most apps including WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Google+ have location sharing features they are either suitable to share the location just once or lag in terms of real-time tracking. Another disadvantage of apps like Messenger or Google+ is the memory footprint and the inability to share the location with non-members.
Glympse Express: A lightweight solution for real-time location tracking
Be it a bus or a car, not everyone boards the vehicle at the same point. There is always a first person to board and others board en route. This makes Glympse Express perfect candidate for the purpose - real-time location tracking on a live map.
The prime advantages of this app are -
- Tiny app, it is only 2.7 MB in size, consumes very little battery and memory
- Not everyone who travels needs to install it - just the first person can install it. While the first person needs to have location and data active, rest of the members just need an active data connection. The functionalities work fantastic even on a 2G connection!
- The first person uses the app to create a location link and shares it with any of the connected services, typically the WhatsApp group
- The link is short-lived, the duration of which can be set by the creator. Thus, there would be absolutely no privacy issues of the location being available after the journey is over. The creator can also choose to kill the link before it expires.
- Rest of the members can use the link to track the vehicle live on a map. This eliminates the uncertainty w.r.t. possible arrival time and the first person is saved from the trouble of replying to messages or answering calls asking for whereabouts of the vehicle
Do you use Glympse or any such app to ease out your group commute? Share your experience with us.


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The immigration and nationality act that passed june 27, 1952 revised the laws relating to immigration, naturalization, and nationality for the united states. The immigration and nationality act of 1952 (publ 82–414, 66 stat 163, enacted june 27, 1952), also known as the mccarran–walter act, restricted. The role of immigration act of 1924 in the history of the united states of america a more thorough law was signed by president coolidge in may 1924. “the immigration laws of the united states give the president powers and nationality act of 1952, which is the nation's main immigration act.
The puerto rico citizenship archives project is a public repository designed to document the legal history of the extension of us citizenship to puerto rico. Current immigration law reflects the struggle between protection of our domestic the subsequent immigration and nationality act of 1952 remains the. As the president cites a 1952 law in defending his executive order on immigration, here's a look at the world that produced that statue. Islam, by law, is prohibited from us immigration, the immigration and nationality act passed june 27, 1952 revised the laws relating to.
Mccarran-walter act, 1952 united states statutes at large, 1952, vol entry into the united states for the purposes of the immigration laws if the alien proves . The immigration and nationality act (ina) of june 27, 1952, was a major revision of existing immigration and nationality law it continued, with modifications, the. Naturalization homosexuality adultery citizenship natural law immigration and the racialized state: a queer reading of the 1952 us immigration and. A timeline of asian immigration the united states and asian-americans in the us including migration, discrimination, laws & wars the 1952 immigration and nationality act upheld the national origins quota system, which limited the number. Historically, much of the literature has focused on the ways immigration law has was not formally removed until the mccarran-walter act of 1952 (66 stat 239.
The mccarran-walter act takes effect and revises america's immigration laws the law was hailed by supporters as a necessary step in preventing communist. The immigration and nationality act 1952 is also called the mccarran-walter act, was the first act which consolidated immigration law into one body president. Changes to immigration laws do not occur in a vacuum they are propelled by political security, congress passed the immigration and nationality act of 1952. The immigration and nationality act of 1952 also known as the mccarran–walter act, codified in effect since june 27, 1952 before this act, a variety of statutes governed immigration law but were not organized within one body of text.
I put that to several experts on us immigration law in 1952, congress passed something called the immigration and nationality act it has. Annotation: the immigration act of 1924 was the first permanent limitation on 1929) to december 31, 1952—used the national origins quota system: the annual (e) the manifest or list of passengers required by the immigration laws shall. The higher the level of immigration, the more likely it is that individuals in the 1990 immigration act that law eliminated the 1952 mccarran-walter act's. Immigration detention review tribunal by virtue of the 9th amendment to the entry to israel law-1952 , which was passed by the knesset on july 25, 2001.
The seven nations targeted by trump in his immigration ban were in 1952, congress passed a law empowering the president to deny entry. Immigration records, more popularly known as ship passenger arrival on august 3, 1882, congress passed the first federal law regulating immigration north dakota, 1921-1952 castle garden, see new york, new york. Identify some of these remaining fea- tures of american immigration law, to examine the genesis of the 1952 act, and to look at its policy objectives and how they.
The mccarran-walter act of 1952 ended the blanket exclusion of immigrants race and created the foundation for current immigration law, but. The immigration and nationality act of 1952 upheld the national origins war, the debate over the revision of us immigration law demonstrated a division. After certain states passed immigration laws following the civil war, the supreme in 1965 amendments to the 1952 immigration law, congress replaced the. [APSNIP--]

domain: library


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While NADA's efforts on Capitol Hill last year were focused on keeping dealers' doors open through the COVID-19 pandemic, plenty of emerging legislative issues under the Biden administration have the association shifting gears in 2021.
"Let me be clear: Protection of dealer franchise laws is our top legislative priority," Patrick Calpin, the association's director of grassroots advocacy, said Wednesday during a workshop discussion highlighting the association's lobbying efforts in Washington.
As Congress considers a federal framework for autonomous vehicles and other legislation related to electric vehicles, Calpin said NADA will work to ensure state dealer franchise and licensing laws are preserved.
"Proponents of both AV legislation and/or possible electric vehicle legislation may attempt again to preempt these state franchise laws, or they may attempt to attach it to a broader 'must pass' highway bill that's expected later this year," he said.
The topic of vehicle recalls is also important on Capitol Hill, with Democratic Sens. Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut and Edward Markey of Massachusetts likely to reintroduce a bill that would "halt a dealer's sale, lease, wholesale or loan of any used vehicle under an open recall," Calpin explained. Lawmakers may insert that into the highway bill as well, he noted.
NADA opposes the effort, calling a proposal to ground all used vehicles under recall "unnecessary" and "overly broad."
With a narrow majority in Congress until at least 2023, Democratic lawmakers will likely make tax policy a high priority.
"Dealers need to remain vigilant now and aware of possible tax increases, including in areas such as individual rates, LIFO recapture, advertising deductibility and floorplan financing deductibility," Calpin said.
Meanwhile, environmental policy has taken center stage under the new administration, with President Joe Biden calling for the electrification of all 645,000 federal government vehicles, a review of vehicle emissions standards and investments in charging infrastructure, among other ambitious plans to mitigate climate change and support a clean-energy economy in the U.S.
To encourage the adoption of EVs, Biden has said he supports providing rebates to consumers swapping out less-efficient vehicles with U.S.-made electric models.
"Rest assured, whatever comes of the EV incentive, NADA will make sure that it is simple, it is transparent and that dealers get funded quickly," Calpin said. "It needs to work in the showroom."

domain: news


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Phoenix Chairside Table
Phoenix Chairside Table by Thomas O'Brien
"I often like to transform furniture by combining mixed materials, or changing a finish from what would have been characteristic of its original design period. This piece reimagines a great, chunky, 1970s faceted Lucite coffee table that I found in London with a beautiful, formal book and butt-matched mahogany veneer tabletop, set into the bold, clear base. For purists, the table is also available with a glass top to create a floating, transparent effect." -Thomas O'Brien
To view the full Century catalogue, click here.


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Hogwarts Legacy originally launched on PS4, Xbox Series X/S, and PC last month, but it looks like PS4 and Xbox One players will have to wait a bit longer. Warner Bros Games has announced that next-gen versions of the game have been delayed from its initial release date of April 4. It will now release a month later on May 5, 2023. The Nintendo Switch version is still expected to arrive in July.
Warner Bros Games and developer Avalanche Software recently released a statement thanking players for Hogwarts Legacy, a huge success on current generation platforms and PC. Unfortunately, the team needs a bit more time to perfect the PS4 and Xbox One versions, so the game will release on May 5, as opposed to the initially promised April release.
READ MORE – PlayStation VR2 – Don't fall asleep on these 12 great games
The Warner Bros Games statement reads:
“We are overwhelmed with gratitude for the response to Hogwarts Legacy from fans around the world. The team is working hard to deliver the best possible experience across all platforms and we need more time to do that. Hogwarts Legacy launches for PS4 and Xbox One on May 5, 2023.
Nintendo Switch players will still be able to get the game on July 25, 2023, as that date hasn't moved.
This is a smart move on the publisher's part, as AAA's last game Knights of Gotham didn't release on the latest generation consoles, possibly due to technical issues. The superhero game has been criticized for some of its performance issues on PS5 and Xbox Series X/S, so we can't imagine what state the PS4 and Xbox One versions would have been in.
Despite releasing exclusively on current-gen platforms and PC, Hogwarts Legacy still managed to rack up massive sales numbers, selling over 12 million copies in just two weeks. This also made it the fastest-selling game in the publisher's history, and sales continued to rise.
Hogwarts Legacy is currently available on PS5, Xbox Series X/S, and PC. The PS4 and Xbox One versions will now launch on May 5, 2023 with Nintendo Switch scheduled for July 25, 2023.

domain: game


A Gloucestershire market town is hoping to host a Christmas market next month. Philip Parker has applied to Tewkesbury Borough Council for a street trading consent for the Winchcombe Christmas Festival taking place on December 6, 2022.
The event which is being organised by the Winchcombe Together Association is due to take place on North Street, Abbey Terrace car park and side road. Their plans are for stalls to be able to sell arts and crafts, clothing, chocolates, and other gifts along with hot and cold food from 5pm to 8pm.
The Christmas festival has been taking place in Winchcombe for eight years but no street trading consent application has been made previously by the organisers. The event came to the attention of the council’s licensing team after enquiries were made for a temporary event notice.
Gloucestershire County Council highways has authorised the use of the roads and police have also been informed about the event. The organiser said they will ensure that all vendors have access to handwashing facilities and ask for proof of food registration prior to the event commencing.
Councillors are due to consider the licence application at a meeting on November 8.
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139 Tremont Street
As Boston is perennially voted one of the most walkable cities in America, enjoy a short stroll from the Motor Mart Garage to nearby JP Morgan Corporate Challenge. JP Morgan Corporate Challenge
The JP Morgan Corporate Challenge in Boston will have its traditional Charles Street starting line between the iconic Boston Common and Public Garden. The race begins on Charles Street, winds down picturesque Commonwealth Avenue. The course then heads back on Commonwealth Avenue, around the Public Garden, and finishes on Charles Street.


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This is an easy endeavor and you should be able to get a decent result with a little practice. Draw additional tentacles, crossing the initial. That means if you buy something we get a small commission at no extra cost to you Looking for some cool Disney characters to draw? Regarding copyright violations contact legal drawdoo. Disney animated classics have been an important part of almost everyone's childhood. Esméralda is one of the lead characters and her design is incredible. Clothes should be pretty simple to draw but the hair may be a challenge getting it just poofy enough. Most book lovers accuse movies is that there are no area for fantasy.
Not much work if you have a quick look at her design. She wears a classic garment from ancient Greece with hair for miles. We believe that excellence obviously. And surprised at the same seeing how simple and easy it is. Cartoon characters are depicted on the labels of the goods of mass consumption, even food.
Getting back to human designs we have a man of few words: Tarzan. In no way does LocalHost claim ownership or responsibility for such items and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner. Why not draw a person below it! We will guide you through the steps with simple to follow steps using alphabet letters, numbers, and simple geometric shapes. The moment you've learnt how to draw out the outline, then the following thing should be to understand to draw the several areas of the vehicle. They just want to be entertained to like the rest of us. We have over a thousand easy to draw cartoon characters in our massive Playlist library. The movie Frozen is actually the 10th highest-grossing film in the entire world.
Draw leaves in addition to the lemon. Half a millimeter up or down is not going to ruin your drawing. There are unique personalities you know pretty well too. We see cartoons in the cinema, on the screens of their televisions, computers, tablets and other mobile devices. Be sure that you end up with a beautiful image that you created yourself! Especially children who'd love to color the exact same drawing, then there is zero alternative.
Her varied facial expressions can be a lot of fun and her dress is pretty simple to draw once you get the hang of it. We strive to teach you to draw with the most basic learning techniques. These fun cheerful cartoon characters are all around us. They are very easy to follow and I am sure you will have a lot of fun drawing them. This article has also been viewed 86,461 times.
Tinker Bell features a tight hair bun and a single-length green dress. Select from any of the Playlists below. Welcome to this first installment of: how to draw Disney characters. I recommend to draw every character at least 3 x three times in row, so that you will memorize the strokes. The Walt Disney Company is currently a very technology-efficient arts and entertainment company that's succeeding in getting their target market to deserve the brand component of the daily lives.
Why How to Draw Cartoons is so popular The era of animated videos began more than a century years ago. Amazed and surprised they will be : because everybody likes cartoons …however, not everybody knows how to draw them. Disclosure: This post may contain affiliate links. Or maybe a random character who that always has his face blocked by something! Sometimes drawing a character that is obviously a boy or girl means using 'stereotypes'. Do you have somebody, who is the best person to spend precious moments, right? This article has also been viewed 136,565 times. If you're feeling guilty, find out to forgive yourself.
I have broken down the tutorial into more than 20 steps to try to make it as easy as possible for you. After all, when you view the next films, we always put yourself in the shoes of the character and often tried to imitate him. Characters View this Playlist- goo. First people start drawing cartoons on paper and just than filming. Bring a wavy, curved point across the cover of this kettle.
Any true fan of this movie will put in the time to get her design down just right. Easy lessons will help to draw movies characters, and your imagination put them on the qualities which the characters lacked. To create this article, 13 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. Some distance in the very first pair of petals, draw the following group. Needless to remember how many movies can be viewed during the reading of a book, how many topics you will discover for yourself and for others and become more interesting and charismatic person? We share easy things to draw 7 days a week for beginners and young aspiring artists.
After all, we live in a century where in a few minutes can decide everything. Draw the two chicks and shape of the face. Try to draw sleek and fluid lines that do not interrupt the flow of the face roundness. The small arrows here indicate two things: 1. Have a look on YouTube for drawing guides and then check Google Images for reference pics. Today I'll show you how to draw Jack Jack.


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Awaken 2 Rise Of Heroe
An action and strategy game where your mission is to keep a virus from spreading outside the boundaries of this city. Use your mouse, 1,2,3,4 and space bar to play.
An action game where you have to help a Samurai train and fight against the most dangerous enemies. Use WASD keys to move, mouse to attack.
Grab guns and remember level passwords as you blast away the enemies in this great sidescroller. Move with A,S,D,W. Reload with R and press from 1 to 5 to change weapon.
Have fun helping Bart Simpson get rid of the Springfield enemies. Aim well and shoot directly to their heads. Use your mouse to aim and shoot. Recharge with space bar.
A new transgenic ketchup has turn your clients into zombies. Defend your hot dog stand. Move with W,A,S,D, attack pressing L,K. Change weapon with 1,2,4,5 or the space bar.
Shoot the cannon and destroy the Sticks. They're hard to get to, but you have lots of bullets, grenades, bombs, etc, everything to get rid of them. Use your mouse.
This is a new Mass Mayhem game, where you have to complete the targets of each level. Use arrow keys, shoot with space bar and use the vehicles with X.
Mass Mayhem 2099 AD
Help this stickman and don't let the ragdolls get it. Use your skills to avoid them all; the longer you survive, the harder it'll get. Use arorw keys.
Ragdoll Avalanche 2


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It's really a relaxed time that we have here. We walk on the beach for hours. Lunch we have somewhere outside. Today we found a very good Italian restaurant. It's still sunny, but windy. A few people lie on the beach, but I think this is too cold. I use my sun protection, I take care of my skin.
Today is Saturday and I pondered if I should practice, because I haven't practiced on Wednesday our arrival day. But I took it easy. I meditated on the balcony while the room was cleaned. It was great. 10 min I sat in silence.

domain: travel


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Luxury Caribbean holidays on the rise following economic slump
Withstanding the harsh blows the uncertain and bleak economic global situation the world faces, Caribbean holidays have managed to push through triumphant, although not completely unscathed. Luxury holidays to the Caribbean have been increasingly popular.
Despite the worldwide economic slump it has been reported by Ricky Skerritt, chairman of the Caribbean Tourism Organisation (CTO) that luxury holidays to the Caribbean have been steadily increasing in popularity among travellers from all corners of the world.
Mr Skerritt also confirmed that non-luxury leisure travel to the Caribbean was, in general, reporting significant gains this year. He made this statements when addressing delegates at the first CTO-organised State of the Industry Conference which took place in Le Domaine hotel, in the French Caribbean island of St Martin.
According to him "year-over-year visitor arrivals to the Caribbean reflect a solid across-the-board increase".
But despite the success of Caribbean holidays against the harsh economic climate, he also emphasised on the fact that the Caribbean is still facing many challenges from the aftermath effects of the global economic recession.
“Visitor numbers are up but per-visitor expenditures are down, the length of stay is shrinking, and to prosper we must provide value for travel, affordable airlift and cost-effective marketing strategies,” he explained to the audience attending the event.
He went on to add how the conference's theme, Winning in a Competitive Environment, was very accurate and “appropriate, given the region is competing more and more with other destinations around the world”.
British Airways chief executive Keith Williams had earlier outlined one of the major concerns facing the Caribbean holidays market, blaming Air Passenger Duty in the United Kingdom for the decision to cut services to the region.
Organised in collaboration with the St Martin Tourist Office, The State of the Industry Conference aims to gather tourism interests from the public and private travel sectors in order to tackle a number of critical issues including overcoming the hurdles to intra-regional travel, how to use limited resources to the greatest advantage, how to influence the affluent luxury travellers, and how to remain truly competitive in today's tough travel market.
Communication Means Business, one of the event's main sessions, will be paying specific attention to the value of clear, accurate communication and spread of information around the world, using a wide and varied array of global media channels on a worldwide scale.
This Caribbean travel event builds on the success of the Leadership Strategy Conference that was held in Barbados last year, and satisfies a growing need felt among regional members, including travel agent partners, for such a gathering, annually.
All general conference sessions this year were preceded by a series of meetings held on 14th and 15th September, which gathered tourism ministers, directors of tourism, commissioners and private sector tourism partners.
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Spurs under 23’s versus Manchester City: (match preview)
Our under 23’s return to action on Friday evening when they host Manchester City at Broadhall Way, in the PL2. After Wayne Burnett’s younger then usual development side put in a hugely impressive performance against league two club Crawley Town in the Checkatrade trophy last week, Spurs will be buoyed ahead of Fridays match. Featuring a selection of under 18 players, Burnett’s side showed a different kind of energy and creativity to their game during the 1-1 draw with Crawley, something which could prompt him to field a similar lineup for the visit of the sky blues. Second year scholars Jamie Bowden and Paris Maghoma put in excellent performances in the centre of midfield against Crawley and they were pivotal to us creating chances, it will be interesting to see if Burnett sticks with them for the Man City game. Still searching for their first win of the new PL2 season, Burnett’s side have struggled for goals so far in this campaign. However, Manchester City’s leaky defence could provide them with a couple of opportunities to add to their tally of five goals this season. Whilst the opposition haven’t started the season in the best of form defensively speaking, Paul Harsley’s side have been free scoring and have managed to find the back of the net on 13 occasions already this season. Picking up seven points from their first four PL2 games, Harsley’s side have picked up impressive victories against both Arsenal and West Ham. However, they also suffered a surprising 5-0 defeat to Brighton in their last PL2 outing. Prolific in front of goal, Man City’s potent attack includes inform Spanish centre forward Nabil Touaizi who has six PL2 goals already this season. In addition, Harsley’s speedy wide man Rabbi Matondo has also been in impressive goalscoring form. With Guardiola’s possession based attacking football implemented in the academy set up, Man City’s development side play almost identical football to their first team as you would expect.
Manchester City passed us off the park when these two teams met in this fixture last season, as they recorded a 5-0 win against Spurs at Broadhall Way in the final PL2 fixture of last season. Bolstered by the attacking fire power of Phil Foden, Brahim Diaz and Lukas Nmecha, the sky blues ripped our defence apart in that game. And whilst those players are unlikely to be involved on Friday, the creativity of the likes of Ian Poveda who also played in that game is something that Spurs will have to deal with if they are to stop a repeat of that happening. Another talented player who has been involved in all four of Manchester City’s PL2 games this season is French midfielder Claudio Gomes. A highly rated central midfielder, Gomes was a summer recruit from French side PSG. I think it will be fascinating to see how Burnett will approach this game, whether or not he’ll opt for the same kind of format which saw us impress against Crawley last week is yet to be seen. However, if we play Harsley’s side at their own game then we will force mistakes out of their defence, this will likely result in another high scoring affair. Without the suspended Troy Parrott for Friday evenings game, Spurs’ only other recognised centre forward Shayon Harrison is an injury doubt after limping off against Crawley. Hopefully there’ll be more opportunities for our under 18’s to feature in this important PL2 clash. I will be reporting on Friday evenings game and I shall have my report out by the following day.
My predicted lineup: (4-2-3-1) Austin, Marsh, Eyoma, Tanganga (c), Brown, Bowden, Skipp, Oakley-Boothe, Maghoma, Roles, Harrison.
Subs from: Freeman, Dinzeyi, Duncan, Bennett, Markanday.
Doubtful: Shilow Tracey and Shayon Harrison.
Injured/unavailable: Troy Parrott (suspended), Kazaiah Sterling (injured), Jamie Reynolds (injured), Tariq Hinds (inured), Anthony Georgiou (inured).
Previous meeting: Spurs 0-5.
My score prediction: 2-2.
My one to watch: Manchester City’s ridiculously quick right winger Rabbi Matondo is a player who is capable of causing Spurs serious problems on Friday. The athletic Wales under 21 international has beaten the likes of Leroy Sané in sprint tests, and his exceptional speed, agility and fancy footwork has hit the headlines over the past year. The former Cardiff youngster has started the new PL2 season in fine form, with three goals from the sky blues opening four PL2 matches. Matondo is a really powerful, skilful and direct winger who when in full flow is impossible to defend against. Jaden Brown will have a really tough task to try and stop the threat of Matondo on Friday evening, he is likely to be Manchester City’s biggest threat going forward.


ATLANTA -- It was a big guy double dip in one play for the Atlanta Falcons at the end of the first half against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Marlon Davidson was the beneficiary of the rare big-guy interception and big-guy touchdown, all on the same play against quarterback Tom Brady.
Davidson, a 6-foot-3, 278-pound defensive lineman, stepped in front of a dump-off pass intended for running back Leonard Fournette and made a one-handed interception on the Bucs' 3-yard line. Whether it was momentum or just being able to run, Davidson rumbled into the end zone for the touchdown.
In doing so, Davidson became the third defensive lineman to have a pick-six on Brady, joining Buffalo Bills defensive tackle Sam Adams in Week 1 of 2003 and Bills defensive end Aaron Schobel in Week 1 of 2009.
It's a play that completely changed the momentum of the first half. Atlanta was down 10 points and had been struggling to contain Brady, who had thrown three first-half touchdown passes, when he took the second-and-9 snap with 25 seconds left in the first half. But Davidson helped cut into a double-digit deficit to make it 20-17 at halftime.


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...what if local newspaper groups were a bit like the banks? What if their plans to develop into huge, multimedia conglomerates were like the banks' ambitions to create a financial house of cards based on very little real money at all?
I only ask.
After all, when leviathans such as the Guardian Media Group trumpet their multimedia Manchester hub while withdrawing from local newspaper markets, aren't we entitled to wonder whether the big newspaper bosses haven't got things arse about face?
I know hyperlocal is another nauseating buzz-phrase, but couldn't there be something in a back-to-basics appoach to local papers? Just as a back-to-basics approach to banking starts to appeal. The local newspapers of old were like the friendly societies of old. They served a community.
Big banks only see shareholders, as do big newspaper groups.
And while the big newspaper boys, stripped of their expolitative 30 per cent returns - three times what Tesco is happy with - begin to go belly up, determinedly local, and locally-owned and managed newspapers, keep their heads above water.
Just as the big banks merged to try to stave off the ultimate catastrophy, there is talk of relaxing the restrictions on newspaper and cross-media ownership so that the big bloated boys can get even bigger. But who's to say that won't bring an even bigger fall. Who's the HBOS and who's the Lloyds in the British regional media scene? You supply the names.
My money is on the survival of the little people, the hyperlocals - both online and off - who still serve their local communities.
That's the future, lubricated however it might be with the support of local citizen journalists and access to local BBC and ITV content.
A concensus is beginning to build up that a new form of local, collaborative journalism is developing. Once we have Everyblock in the UK, we'll be able to build what is being created in the States.
Consider what Jef Jarvis is doing with CUNY, bloggers and the New York Times. Here's his key point - and one worth considering for anyone who still has faith in the megamedia model that has destroyed Britain's local press, condemning keen young trainees to servitude at £15,000 per year for two years, followed by a career ladder with very few rungs:
"We have to move past the old newspaper notion that one organization will - and can afford to - “own” a town. Those days are over. Instead, we’ll have ecosystems of local news linked together, and to support them we need complementary content and coverage and networks to sell ads into and for all the players. In a network that links to its own members all ships will ride with the tide of links."
The question is...is your ship a nippy little trawler, or a stonking great supertanker that will take a year to turn around? By which time it will have sunk.
Answers on a P45 please.


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Hi everyone, our most recent coloring picture which you can have fun with is Christmas Coloring Pages Santa Delivering Gift For Little Girl, listed in Christmas Coloring category.For much more picture relevant to the one above, you can explore the below Related Images section at the end of the webpage or alternatively browsing by category. You may find other entertaining coloring picture to work on with. Have a great time!
All characters, names are trademark are belongs to their respectful copyright owners, it may not be altered or used for commercial purpose by any means.
Any infringement on trademarks and copyrights is unintentional and will be rectified upon notification.


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Profile of Portland artist David A. Marshall, who paints brightly-colored urban
Additional Date Information
Profile of Portland artist David A. Marshall, who paints brightly-colored urban landscapes, still lifes, and portraits, in a style he calls neon classicism. Marshall, a graduate of the University of Southern Maine, works with the Service Works Program of Portland West. He works with at-risk teenagers who have been ordered to do community service. With a grant from the Maine Arts Commission, Marshall and his young teams will create large-scale outdoor murals in areas particularly vandalized by graffiti.
Artists Portland, Marshall, David A
Donaldson, Leigh, "Profile of Portland artist David A. Marshall, who paints brightly-colored urban" (2004). Maine News Index – Portland Monthly. 653.
Full text is not available here. Please contact the Library for a copy of the article.


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I was going to a Fading Into Fall kind of look.....but they also look a lot like Flames!
First the photos, then the "how-to"
Here's how I did it:
- Painted each nail with one coat of Sally Hansen Hard as Nails Xtreme Wear Mellow Yellow
- I cut a new sponge in to pieces (pictures below) and slightly dampened and wrung out all the water.
- On a piece of aluminum foil, I brushed a few stripes of Pure Ice Hot Tamale, then sponged it on the top third (or so) of the nails)
- Repeat with Sally Hansen Hard as Nails Xtreme Wear Cherry Red on the top third of the nails
Here's a closer look at the nails:
And the mess I made to paint them:

domain: design


|Publication number||US7003142 B1|
|Application number||US 10/069,240|
|Publication date||Feb 21, 2006|
|Filing date||Aug 24, 2000|
|Priority date||Aug 24, 1999|
|Also published as||DE60019136D1, DE60019136T2, EP1208528A1, EP1208528B1, WO2001015066A1|
|Publication number||069240, 10069240, PCT/2000/1623, PCT/SE/0/001623, PCT/SE/0/01623, PCT/SE/2000/001623, PCT/SE/2000/01623, PCT/SE0/001623, PCT/SE0/01623, PCT/SE0001623, PCT/SE001623, PCT/SE2000/001623, PCT/SE2000/01623, PCT/SE2000001623, PCT/SE200001623, US 7003142 B1, US 7003142B1, US-B1-7003142, US7003142 B1, US7003142B1|
|Original Assignee||Fingerprint Cards Ab|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (7), Classifications (11), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is the national phase under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT International Application No. PCT/SE00/01623 which has an International filing date of Feb. 24, 2000, which designated the United States of America.
The present application relates to a method and an arrangement for registering and verifying fingerprint information.
There are a great many fields within which it is necessary to verify the identity of a person, in other words to answer the question of whether a certain person is who he claims to be and is thus authorized to use a certain type of equipment. Examples of such equipment are automatic cash dispensers, access systems and various types of electronic equipment, for example mobile telephones and computers.
A conventional manner of carrying out verification is for the user to have a code or a password which he has to input in a verification procedure. If the code is correct, the user is considered to be authorized to use the equipment. However, it can be difficult for a user to remember a large number of different codes and passwords, for which reason alternative ways of verifying the authority and/or identity of a user are necessary. One such alternative method is to have a user register information relating to one or more of his fingerprints in a verification unit, the user then, in a verification procedure, placing the finger or fingers whose print is registered against a surface on the verification unit. The unit analyses whether the fingerprint corresponds to the necessary degree to the fingerprint whose information is stored and, if so, the fingerprint is considered verified, and the user is permitted to use the equipment in question.
Identification by means of fingerprints has traditionally been used mostly within the field of crime prevention, where the question to be answered is not whether a fingerprint corresponds to another to the necessary degree. In that field, an attempt is instead made to establish a match with a specific fingerprint in an extensive register of fingerprints. This type of use of fingerprints does not involve the same great requirement for speed as a verification procedure of the type described above. Speed is also highly desirable in the registering of fingerprint information for use in verification.
Another important parameter, for both registering and verification of fingerprint information, is reliability.
The problem solved by the present invention is therefore that of providing an arrangement and a method affording rapid and reliable registering of fingerprint information, and of providing a corresponding arrangement and method for rapid and reliable verification of a fingerprint on the basis of previously registered fingerprint information.
This problem is solved by means of a method for registering fingerprint information via a sensing surface A, in which a finger can be held against or over at least a part of the sensing surface A, which method comprises scanning part surfaces in the sensing surface A. During scanning of the part surfaces, it is checked whether the centre point, with its immediate surrounding area, of each scanned part surface is unique within the part surface.
A number of centre points which, with their respective immediate surrounding areas, are unique in their respective part surfaces are registered, the respective immediate surrounding areas of the points and the respective part surfaces of the points also being registered.
A certain number of the registered centre points with their immediate surrounding areas are suitably selected for further use, for example for verifying fingerprints.
The abovementioned problem is also solved by means of a method for verifying fingerprint information via a sensing surface A, against or over at least a part of which sensing surface A a finger can be held, in which verification is carried out on the basis of previously registered information relating to at least one fingerprint which is to be approved in the verification method, and in which information has preferably been registered according to the registering method described above.
The verification method according to the invention comprises a number of part surfaces with their respective centre points in the fingerprint whose information is stored being compared with corresponding part surfaces on the sensing surface A. If there is a point on a part surface on the sensing surface A which, with its immediate surrounding area, corresponds, on the basis of certain criteria, to the stored centre point, including the immediate surrounding area of the stored centre point in the corresponding stored part surface, the point with its part surface is approved. If a certain number of points with associated part surfaces have been approved, these are selected for a first step in further processing.
This first step in further processing suitably comprises a number of the selected points and the part surfaces being analysed as a group, the mean value of the coordinates for the points in their respective part surfaces being calculated. The mean value calculated is seen as a point in each part surface, and a certain number of the points with their associated part surfaces are selected for a second step in further processing, the points which are selected being those points in the group which have the smallest distance to the mean value point in their respective part surface. This is done in order that an arrangement or a method according to the invention will be independent of translation of the print at the time of verification in relation to the position of the finger at the time of registering, translation being defined as right-angled displacements of the finger relative to the position of the finger at the time of registering.
The invention also comprises a method for making it possible to be independent of rotation of the finger at the time of verification in relation to the position of the finger at the time of registering. This method will be described in greater detail below.
The invention also comprises arrangements for use in the methods of the types mentioned above.
The invention will be described in greater detail below with reference to the appended drawings, in which
The power supply unit 130 is not of major interest in terms of the invention and will therefore not be described in greater detail. In brief, it can be stated that the power supply can be effected in a great many ways known to the expert, for example batteries, mains connection or solar cells, and can be integrated in the same housing as the rest of the arrangement 100 or separate.
The sensor 120 has a sensing surface A, against or over at least a part of which sensing surface A a finger can be held during use of the arrangement. The sensor 120 comprises a number of sensor elements for scanning the sensing surface A. The sensor elements are preferably capacitive, but other types of sensor element can also be used according to the invention, for example resistive, optical or heat-sensitive elements. Another type of sensor which could be used in connection with the present invention is a pressure-sensitive sensor.
The number of sensor elements per unit area on the sensing surface A can be selected in a great many ways, depending on, for example, the type of sensor, and the desired speed, reliability and resolution. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, with capacitive sensor elements, roughly 200 sensor elements are used per mm2, which corresponds to 144×144 points per cm2, which on a length scale can be expressed as 14 elements per millimeter. This number is to be considered as only an example, however, and the number of sensor elements per unit area can be either larger or smaller in other embodiments of the invention. However, the number of sensor elements preferably lies within the range 10–50 elements per millimeter.
As mentioned above, the arrangement 100 is intended to be used for registering fingerprint information and for verifying fingerprint information on the basis of previously registered information relating to at least one fingerprint which is to be approved on verification. The previously registered information used for verifying fingerprints has preferably been registered by means of a method according to the invention.
Below, a method of registering fingerprint information according to the invention will be described first, and then a method for verifying fingerprint information according to the invention will be described. These methods are implemented by means of an arrangement according to the invention. Both the description of registering and the description of verification below will be given with reference to
In a method for registering fingerprint information according to the invention, the user places the finger whose information is to be registered against or over a part of the sensing surface A (shown in
During scanning of the part surfaces A′1, it is investigated, preferably in the central unit 110, whether the centre point P1 of the part surface, with its immediate surrounding area A″1, is unique within the part surface A′1. If so, the point P1 is approved and is registered together with its immediate surrounding area in the memory of the arrangement 100. The part surface A′1 to which the centre point belongs is also registered.
Scanning of the sensor surface A preferably continues until the central unit 110 has found a certain predetermined first number of centre points P1 which, including their immediate surrounding areas A″1, are unique within their part surfaces A′1. When the predetermined first number of centre points
An alternative way of carrying out the scanning is to scan the part surfaces A′1 in a given pattern, data on the centre points P1 of all the part surfaces A′1 being gathered and stored. When all the part surfaces A′1 have been scanned, the central unit 110 selects a predetermined number of centre points P1 which best meet certain criteria with regard to the requirement that the centre point P1 is to be unique in its part surface A′1.
A further alternative way of carrying out the scanning, which can save memory space, is to store the predetermined number of centre points P1 in a table which is updated throughout the scanning process with the centre points which best meet the abovementioned criteria.
All the first number of stored centre points P1 can of course be used for verifying a finger, but, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the central unit 110 selects a second number of the registered centre points
A method for verifying fingerprint information according to the invention will be described below. The type of verification for which the invention is primarily intended is to check whether the fingerprint of a finger which is held against or over the sensing surface A of the sensor corresponds to a fingerprint whose information was registered previously.
For verifying a fingerprint according to the invention, the user therefore places a finger against or over a part of the sensing surface A on the sensor 120. The central unit 110 initiates scanning of the sensing surface A of the sensor 120, which is carried out by a number of part surfaces A′2 on the sensing surface A being scanned. In terms of size and position on the sensing surface A, the scanned part surfaces A′2 preferably correspond to the part surfaces used in the registering method described above, which means that each part surface A′1 in the fingerprint data which is registered corresponds to a part surface A′2 for verification. The part surfaces A′2 which are analysed first in the verification method are those which correspond to the part surfaces A′1 whose respective centre points P1 are registered.
If, when a part surface A′2 is scanned, it emerges that a point P2 in the part surface A′2, with its immediate surrounding area A″2, has, on the basis of certain criteria, sufficient similarity to the centre point P1 and its immediate surrounding area A″1 in the corresponding registered part surface A′1, the point P2 is approved provisionally, and its coordinates in relation to the part surface A′2 are stored in the memory of the arrangement 100. The coordinate system used is suitably an orthogonal x-y system in each part surface A′2 with the origin in the centre of the part surface. If more than one point P2 in a part surface A′2 meets said criteria, the point P2 which best meets the criteria is selected.
If a certain number of points P2 have been approved and stored for the finger which is held against the sensing surface A, these points are selected for a first step in further processing.
In a possible verification method, the first step in the further processing quite simply comprises the fingerprint being considered verified, in other words the fingerprint which is held against or over the sensing surface A is considered to be identical with the fingerprint whose information is registered, if the number of approved points P2 exceeds a certain predetermined number. If greater reliability in verification is desired, however, the first step in the further processing can suitably also comprise the following, which is described with reference to
The stored points P2 are analysed as a group, and the mean value of the coordinates (xm,ym) for all the points P2 is calculated, analysis and calculation suitably being carried out in the central unit 110. The calculation therefore provides a coordinate pair (xm,ym) which can be seen as a point in each part surface A′2. The points P2 in the group are then arranged in a list, starting from the absolute value of the distance d between the coordinates (x2,y2) of a point and the calculated mean value point (xm,ym). The distance d in a part surface A′2 is illustrated diagrammatically in
A certain number of the points highest on the list are then selected for a second step in further processing. If appropriate, this second step can quite simply comprise the fingerprint being considered verified, in other words the fingerprint which is held against or over the sensing surface A is considered to be identical with the fingerprint whose information is stored, if a sufficient number of points have an absolute value d below a certain value. If greater reliability in verification is desired, however, the second step in the further processing can suitably comprise the following:
The mean value of the coordinates (x2,y2) of the selected points is calculated, and the absolute value of the distance between this mean value point and the coordinates (x2,y2) of each selected point is analysed. If a certain number of points P2 have a distance to the mean value point with an absolute value which is below a certain limit value, the fingerprint is considered verified, in other words the fingerprint which is held against or over the sensing surface A is considered to be identical with the fingerprint whose information is registered.
The numbers of points required in the various steps of the verification method are of course, in the same way as with the numbers in the registering method, dimensioning parameters which are selected on the basis of the combination of speed and reliability desired in the arrangement. By way of example, however, it may be mentioned that the number of points selected for a first step in further processing during verification can suitably correspond to the number of points selected in the final step of registering, in the present case, in other words, 16 points. The number of points selected for a second step in further processing in verification suitably lies within the range 20–60% of the number of points selected for the first step, preferably 50%, in the present case, therefore, 8 points.
The verification method described above means that good results are obtained even if, during a verification procedure, a user holds his finger displaced at right angles in the lateral or longitudinal direction in relation to the position the finger was in at the time of registering. As the user may also, at the time of verification, hold his finger in a rotated position in relation to the position the finger was in at the time of registering, the invention comprises means and a method to make it possible to carry out verification with good results even in such cases. This will be described below with reference to
In order that the verification will be insensitive to rotation of the finger, scanning and comparison are carried out according to the above description, in other words part surfaces A′2 on the sensing surface are scanned. These part surfaces A′2 are compared with corresponding part surfaces A′1 in the registered fingerprint with regard to centre points and the immediate surrounding areas of the centre points. In order to achieve rotation-insensitivity, however, each part surface A′2 is displaced into a number of different angular positions α around an imaginary vertical line L on the sensing surface A before it is compared with the corresponding part surface A′1. Comparison is then carried out with the part surfaces A′2 in each of these angular positions. If, in one and the same angular position, said number of points P2 have sufficient similarity, on the basis of the abovementioned criteria, to their corresponding registered part surfaces A′1, these centre points P2 are selected for a first step in further processing, according to the description above.
In the same way as described above, the scanning over the sensing surface A of the sensor 120 is controlled by the central unit 110 of the arrangement 100 in the rotation-insensitive case also. The different angular positions α are achieved by information about the finger which is held against the sensing surface A being stored in the memory 110 of the arrangement in the angular position in which the user holds the finger, after which rotation of the stored information takes place before comparison is carried out.
The number of angular positions into which the part surfaces A′2 are displaced can in principle be arbitrary, but the number of angular positions preferably lies within the range 10–100, and 16 angular positions can advantageously be used. The locations of the angular positions can in principle be selected freely, but, in a preferred embodiment, an odd number of angles α is selected around an imaginary centre line L on the sensing surface A, with one angular position which corresponds to α=0, and an even number of angular positions of the same magnitude on each side of the centre line.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but can be varied freely within the scope of the patent claims below.
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|US5067162 *||Jun 30, 1986||Nov 19, 1991||Identix Incorporated||Method and apparatus for verifying identity using image correlation|
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|US5917928 *||Jul 14, 1997||Jun 29, 1999||Bes Systems, Inc.||System and method for automatically verifying identity of a subject|
|US5982913 *||Mar 25, 1997||Nov 9, 1999||The United States Of America As Represented By The National Security Agency||Method of verification using a subset of claimant's fingerprint|
|US6241288 *||Aug 3, 1998||Jun 5, 2001||Precise Biometrics Ab||Fingerprint identification/verification system|
|US6314196 *||Mar 7, 1997||Nov 6, 2001||Fujitsu Denso Ltd.||Fingerprint registering method and fingerprint checking device|
|GB2310522A||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US7263212 *||Sep 8, 2003||Aug 28, 2007||Nec Corporation||Generation of reconstructed image data based on moved distance and tilt of slice data|
|US8682295 *||Nov 26, 2009||Mar 25, 2014||Kyocera Corporation||Portable electronic apparatus detecting an inclination state|
|US9042608||Aug 23, 2013||May 26, 2015||Pen-One, Inc.||Data security system|
|US9519819 *||Apr 29, 2015||Dec 13, 2016||Fingerprint Cards Ab||Method and electronic device for noise mitigation|
|US20040052407 *||Sep 8, 2003||Mar 18, 2004||Nec Corporation||Generation of reconstructed image data based on moved distance and tilt of slice data|
|US20110223888 *||Nov 26, 2009||Sep 15, 2011||Kyocera Corporation||Portable electronic apparatus|
|US20160012271 *||Apr 29, 2015||Jan 14, 2016||Fingerprint Cards Ab||Method and electronic device for noise mitigation|
|U.S. Classification||382/124, 356/71, 340/5.83, 340/5.53, 382/125|
|International Classification||G06K9/76, G06K9/00|
|Cooperative Classification||G06K9/76, G06K9/00087|
|European Classification||G06K9/76, G06K9/00A3|
|Feb 22, 2002||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: FINGERPRINT CARDS AB, SWEDEN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KRUSE, BJORN;REEL/FRAME:012764/0765
Effective date: 20020208
|Aug 3, 2009||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 24, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 24, 2017||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


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In 2016 I found what I believed to be the source of the agenda that uses mass immigration to dilute conquered nations in order there is no political will that can come together to oppose the corporate takeover. Mass migration became a live operation in 1922 to dilute nations, but the strategy goes back to Biblical times and the Assyrian Kings
Media Blackout on new extreme radical Islamic centre for Jihadist’s of all persuasions, overseen by a British mercenary in Idlib in Syria. Through Qatar is being structured in Idlib, a sort of Al Quada civil system based in the logic of the Taliban, and overseen by British mercenary James le Mesurier, operated through a Washington company with the aid arriving through Turkey. Some journalists are becoming alarmed at what looks like a re-grouping under a new and even more fanatical expression of Islam in rebel held territories, especially in Idlib, suggesting this new creed could spread across the entire Sunni Islamic secret society networks, filtering down into western Muslim communities. This would be the catalyst to move Muslims from the passive Jihad to that of the House of War.
Is there a much bigger agenda when it comes to the destruction of Syria? The supposed chemical attack in Syria happened days after the Trump administration reversed its demand for regime change and as leaders moved to meet in Brussels to discuss the rebuilding of Syria, one could say the European meet was initiated as a direct result of the chaos rampaging through Europe from Islamic radicals making up a large portion of refugees, including mass rapes riot and looting. Clearly stopping this meeting benefited a lot of interconnecting agendas.
Western media continues to play the propaganda script of NATO laying at the feet of the Assad regime the latest chemical weapons use in Syria. The Syrian Air Force has targeted a chemical weapons depot belonging to western trained terrorists operating illegally in Syria. The terrorist stockpile of chemical weapons at Khan Sheikhoun were often shipped to fellow terrorists operating in Iraq. This has been confirmed by the Iraqi government.
Russia’s President Vladimir Putin held a meeting today with Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Moscow. Russian President noted that the Russian-Turkish relations are restoring rather quickly. Not a word in the mainstream media of the February games after U.S. Senator John McCain visited Erdogan on a secret mission from which Syria faced the shut off of parts of its water supply, in direct breech of international law.
Not satisfied with the 2013 no vote in Parliament when the then coalition government motion was defeated by 285-272, ruling out joining US-led strikes, NATO is determined to produce from the cauldron enough fear to force a second vote.
After the Paris false flag operation there have been many sorties carried out against Syrian civilians by the French, while the western media promotes the fantasy that French forces are attacking IS. Meanwhile Russia is indeed destroying the infrastructure of IS with over 400 sorties carried out in the last 48 hours.
In 2011 American Defence Contractors became the service providers for Obamacare. They are moving to become the National Health Service itself. In 2011 Lockheed Martin carried out the 2011 Census in the United Kingdom in which Brits were told they must hand over a shed load of personal information to a private American military contractor. The internet is not the only way they have collected your data.
Debunking the Zionist script in a rebuttal of the narrative of best selling author, Jonathan Cahn, the Masonic Messianic preacher and secret society prophet.
Ever sought the connection between ST George and England? The Lombards and Constantine, yes, but to remove a thousand years of history….Born and bred in the North West of England I have wondered since learning the fact, our patron saint is in fact a character from Cappadocia in what is today Turkey, how this could be? A difficult endeavour in the construction of the bridge between Turkey and England, we have the Lombards and we have Constantine himself, but I never envisaged such a possible tale as that suggested by Fomenko.
Are we seeing the interconnection between U.K political leaders, corporate intelligence and Islamic terror groups? Jeremy Corbyn in 2009, said the militant Palestinian group should to be removed from Britain’s list of banned terror groups. Is there a connection between this clear support of a terrorist group and the London Mayor Sadiq Khan who also has ties to Hamas? London Mayor Sadiq Khan is a man that has far too many ties to radical terror groups than is acceptable, even to the political parties?


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