Suicidal teens wait months to get help
Teenagers at risk of suicide are waiting up to three months to get the help they need, school counsellors say.
A lack of resources meant secondary school students with medium to severe mental health issues, including frequent suicidal thoughts, were at risk of dying, according to New Zealand Association of Counsellors spokeswoman Sarah Maindonald.
"Last year I dealt with a girl in Christchurch who was self-harming and had post-traumatic stress disorder related to the earthquakes and it took 3 months for her to be seen."
At a recent meeting of school counsellors from across the country all reported that more counsellors and better resourcing of specialist youth mental health services are needed for at-risk teenagers.
"We have to manage the risk until those students can be seen and their symptoms often worsen over the months it takes them to be seen," Ms Maindonald said.
Masterton mother Toni Ryan, who found the body of her 16-year-old son Sam in their home last June, said the current ambulance at the bottom of the cliff strategy wasn't working.
"I can see why school counsellors are getting frustrated because more money needs to go into helping medium risk teenagers who are actually more responsive to counselling and getting help."
Most funding went into critical care to target an identified problem, but that did little to prevent the problem occurring in the first place, she said.
An Auckland University study last month showed 21 per cent of secondary school students were either distressed, have mental health issues or were engaged in risky behaviour.
But Ministry of Health director of mental health, Dr John Crawshaw, said district health boards have crisis teams available to respond on the same day to young people presenting with a high risk of suicide.
The targets for district health boards for medium risk children and youth were that 80 per cent of non-urgent referrals would be seen within 3 weeks and 95 per cent within 8 weeks by the middle of 2015.
Currently, 76 per cent of 12 to 19-year-olds were seen within 3 weeks and 93 per cent within 8 weeks, Dr Crawshaw said.
School-based health services have also been rolled out in decile one and two secondary schools and 36 of 47 decile three schools as part of the Prime Minister's Youth Mental Health project.
"Low decile schools were chosen as young people in these areas have lower access rates to primary care," Dr Crawshaw said.
But Ms Maindonald said suicidal risk didn't always discriminate based on social backgrounds.
Secondary Schools Principals' Association president Tom Parsons said it was well known that school counsellors were dealing with more at-risk students on a daily basis.
"As a result the pastoral care systems in place are much better and school counsellors get a lot of support from principals," he said.
More teenagers were seeking help from counsellors and phone helplines were reporting huge increases in calls that they weren't resourced to answer.
In the last year, the 0800 What's Up helpline received 325,488 calls from across New Zealand, but staff were only able to answer 38 per cent because of a lack of funding and resources.
Similarly, Youthline struggles to answer the more than 54,000 calls they receive from 18,000 people every year.
Three fulltime staff and 500 volunteers worked hard to answer the phones, but even still they could only manage to speak to 65 per cent.
People in crisis or concerned about someone who may be in crisis can call these confidential helplines: Youthline: 0800 376 633 Lifeline: 0800 543 354 Samaritans: 0800 726 666 Depression: 0800 111 757
The Dominion Post


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18 November 2009
Night at the Movies
My friend Sue and I went to the pictures last night and saw Julie and Julia. I must admit that I enjoyed it more than I thought I would. I wasn't expecting it to be as funny as it was. Earlier this year some of the Sloanies on the forum were comparing the movie to the book mentioned and that they didn't like the character of Julie, but I quite liked her it was about her growth as a person. It was quite a love story too especially the story of Julia between Julia, her husband and of course food. So if you get the chance go and see it.

domain: entertainment


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David Letterman is retiring from retirement.
The former late-night host is returning to TV with a new talk show called My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman, debuting January 12 on Netflix.
With a title like that, Letterman will need to bring on some truly top-notch guests – and he delivers. The lineup includes Barack Obama, George Clooney, Malala Yousafzai, Tina Fey, Howard Stern, and Jay-Z.
Each episode will center around one particular person, and consist of in-depth interviews as well as field segments.
Unlike most Netflix shows, My Next Guest won’t drop all at once. Only the first episode, which focuses on Obama, will arrive this month.
Subsequent episodes will be released once a month from February through June, adding up to a total of six 60-minute episodes.
Dave Chappelle Netflix Standup Comedy Special Trailer | Sticks & Stones
Legendary comedian Dave Chappelle is back with an all-new stand-up comedy special, Sticks & Stones, his fifth Netflix Original.
Unflinching and boundary-pushing, Dave gives his provocative perspective on the tidal wave of celebrity scandals, the opioid crisis, and more — in trademarked Chappelle fashion. Dave Chappelle’s Sticks & Stones streams August 26, only on Netflix.
13 Reasons Why Season 3 Final Trailer: Who Killed Bryce Walker?
Everyone had a reason to want Bryce Walker dead. But who actually went through with it? Season 3 drops August 23, 2019 on Netflix.
Falling Inn Love – Starring Christina Milian
After losing her job and her boyfriend, city girl Gabriela (Christina Milian) spontaneously enters a contest and wins a rustic New Zealand inn. Thousands of airline miles later, she discovers that The Bellbird Valley Farm boasts a crumbling facade, a goat house-mate, and a meddling neighbor who covets the space. Eager to renovate and sell the property fast, she partners with Jake Taylor (Adam Demos), the Kiwi contractor who’s amused by her city-girl culture shock. Now she has to make a decision to continue the life that she is building, or return to the life that she’s left behind.


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Kids' Choice Awards nominee Joe Jonas is one brother we would definitely let steal our remote control and finish our favorite cereal, but this Jonas Brother is growing up, fleeing the nest, and going solo on his upcoming album! He spilled to Details magazine about handling his brothers' feelings when he decided to branch out.
"I wanted to do something you could hear in a club or something you could dance to, something that's fun -- something that's me," Joe said. "I think it was definitely because I was getting older. But it was also a kind of a scary thought. 'Cause you go, 'I don't want to offend my brothers.' You know?"
Oh, we know. We would never want to offend Nick or Kevin! But we support your decision to release new dance-y music, Joe! Can't wait to add his tunes to our Jonas playlist ASAP.
Don't forget to Vote Joe Jonas for Favorite TV Actor!


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Alamat hotelRoute de Casablanca km7
24000 EL JADIDA
Cara mencari hotelGPS :N 33° 15' 34.90'' W 8° 25' 24.90''
- Tel. (+212)523/379100
- Faks. (+212)523355444
Hotel yang baru saja dilihat
Deskripsi hotel Pullman Mazagan Royal Golf & Spa
Kode hotel: 2960
The Pullman Mazagan hotel is a haven of relaxation nestled into the superb bay of El Jadida, 56 miles from Casablanca and 4.35 miles from El Jadida. The hotel's Morroccan white architecture blends with its surroundings. The hotel was entirely renovated in2012 and offers all the comfort and services of a 5-star hotel. Every room has a balcony or terrace. Enjoy the golf course between the sea and the forest, one of the finest in Morocco. Relax with sophisticated Maroccan treatments in the Spa.
Keistimewaan hotel ini
The peace and tranquility of the ocean is central to our hotel. Each of the magnificent rooms and suites has been fully renovated and has a balcony or terrace with magnificent views of the golf course, ocean and swimming pool.
Pesan dari manajer hotel
Ms Frederique ANSELMO, manajer hotel Pullman Mazagan Royal Golf & Spa, akan menyambut Anda.

domain: geography


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World Health Day celebrated with theme ‘Beat Diabetes 2016’ by CSHS
World Health Day is an initiative taken by the World Health Organization. This year’s theme celebrated was “Beat Diabetes, 2016” for its global commitments to reduce diabetes. In this regard, to make the students aware of the coercion behind the threats imposed by diabetes, Chitkara School of Health Sciences organized the event and keep students abound to the syndrome which could be easily eradicated with careful planning of lifestyle. Two guest speakers were invited who shared their expertise. Poster competition was also held in which 28 students from CSHS participated.
The guest speakers who shared their views and knowledge were:
- Dr. B.L. Bachan, Medical Superintendent, Head and Professor of Medicine, GMC, Patiala
- Ms. Meenaxi Gautam Sharma, Assistant Professor, CSHS.
A short quiz competition was also hosted by Ms. Meenaxi in which students were quizzed about general diabetes questions.
Review round was then conducted by Dr. Preethi Pradhan followed by valedictory function and vote of thanks.

domain: medical


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The main problem in the treatment of nosocomial infections is spreading of gram-negative carbapenem-resistant microorganisms. Therefore, it is important to monitor the sensitivity of nosocomial infections to antibiotics from the carbapenem group and to determine the mechanisms of the microorganisms resistance.
Methods: During the period from 2014 to 2020, 98 strains isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of the children in intensive care units were selected. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by broth microdilution. Strains of P. aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration of meropenem> 2 mg / L and / or imipenem> 0.001 mg / L, in K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii, meropenem> 2 mg / L and / or imipenem> 2 mg / L, other strains were classified as susceptible to carbapenems. Carbapenemases were detected by real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: Among the studied strains there were 62 (63%) K. pneumoniae strains, 22 (23%) P. aeruginosa strains and 14 (14%) A. baumannii strains. Among all isolates of K. pneumoniae, 28 (45%) were classified as resistant to carbapenems, the other 34 (55%) strains were classified as susceptible. Among the studied strains of P. aeruginosa, 16 (73%) were insensitive to carbapenems, and 6 (27%) isolates were susceptible. Of the A. baumannii strains studied, 10 (71%) were in the carbapenem-insensitive group and 4 (29%) were in the carbapenem-susceptible group.
In the process of studying the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems, the following results were obtained. In K. pneumoniae isolates, the cause of resistance to carbapenems was blaOXA-48 carriage (n = 25, 89%). The presence of blaNDM and blaKPC was not identified. 11 (69%) P. aeruginosa isolates had blaVIM. The A. baumannii strains had carbapenemase OXA-40 (n = 5, 50%) and OXA-23 (n = 3, 30%).
Conclusions: In most cases, resistance to carbapenem antibiotics in the studied strains isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children in intensive care units was due to the presence of various carbapenemases. For K. pneumoniae, OXA-48 was the only determinant of resistance. P. aeruginosa resistance was associated with VIM group carbapenemases. The A. baumannii strains contained carbapenemases OXA-40 and OXA-23.

domain: biology


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There are many fine volumes available which describe the holidays, life cycle events, and major ritual practices that punctuate the Jew’s day and year. Ari Goldman’s volume does that and more. He traces the history of various observances, detailing how they began and how they developed. More distinctively, he points out anecdotally the many diverse and sometimes strange ways in which those observances are kept.
Goldman quotes (with apparent approval) the late Jacob Rader Marcus, the preeminent historian of American Jewry: “There are six million Jews in America and six millions Judaisms.” These idiosyncrasies, many of which Goldman cites, lead the author to conclude, “We are Smorgasbord Jews. American Jews come to the great table of Jewish observance take what best suits them. No two buffet plates are the same.”
That doesn’t bother Goldman. To the contrary, he declares, “I do think a little anarchy can be healthy. Being Jewish is about feeling good. It is about finding meaning.”
It is quite obvious that Goldman not only feels good indeed about his Judaism, but he also finds it full of meaning. He does a superb job of interpreting the religion: its values, beliefs, and practices. He has the skill of the preacher, and the temptation to practice it is too much for the scholar and journalist in him to resist. For example, he makes an impassioned plea on behalf of the centrality of the Jewish home in the training of a child: “The way adults act and talk – towards their children and toward each other – teaches children more than any synagogue or classroom can.”
Goldman has a profound understanding of Judaism and loves it passionately. That passion is contagious. One who is contemplating conversation to Judaism would do well to read this excellent introduction. A born Jew will gain from it a deepened understanding and pride in what is already his or hers.

domain: literature


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Nothing compares to eating tender sweet peas straight from the plant growing in your garden. Pea plants produce more pods and resist disease better if you give them structural support with a trellis. It's also a lot easier to harvest peas when they are climbing a trellis, rather than sprawling across the garden. Designing your own trellis gives you a chance to be creative and add visual interest to your vegetable garden.
Light plants, such as peas, can be successfully grown up a trellis made of string. Begin by making a frame, using three lengths of 5 by 10 cm (2 by 4 inch) wood posts or PVC pipe. Fasten the pieces together in a U shape, and hammer the ends into the ground around the bed where you plan to grow your peas. Beginning at one of the top corners, tie the end of garden twine around the corner and triple knot it. If you are using a wood frame, nail or staple the knot to the wood for extra support. Then wrap the string across the two beams, side to side, until you reach the planting bed. Tie another knot at the bottom and cut the string. Next, tie the end of your twine to the lowest string, about 15 cm (6 inches) from the frame. From there, you can either weave the string between the horizontal strings up to the top of the frame or, for more strength, tie a new knot each time the vertical string touches a horizontal string. Repeat across the frame until you have created a grid.
Arches and arbors
You don't have to grow peas straight up and down in a garden bed. Work them into the landscape of your garden for visual interest while they are flowering. Pre-made trellises, arbors and arches are available at most home improvement and DIY shops. Start your peas early, on both sides of the arch or arbor, under cloches until the weather warms up and the risk of losing seed to parasites passes. The pea plants will work their way up the sides to the top and possibly start heading back down the other side. The pea pods on the top of the arch will hang down for easy harvesting.
Recycle a large old window frame as a base for a pea plant trellis. Use one large frame, or connect two or three smaller frames to create a trellis that will be tall enough for your peas. Stretch chicken wire or hardware cloth across the frame and attach it with staples along the edges of the frame. Attach the frame itself to the borders of a raised bed, or lean it against the side of a house or other structure; your pea plants will happily climb up.
Peas don't have to grow in the ground; cultivate them in hanging baskets to make space in your garden for other plants. Hang the baskets high so the pea plants dangle over the sides, making harvesting easy. Hanging the baskets lower and training the vines to climb the chains supporting the basket encourages the pea plants to grow upwards as they would normally do. Either way, planting peas in hanging pots or baskets frees up precious garden space for other veggies and creates vertical interest.

domain: agronomy


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Considering a long-distance romantic relationship? If so , you’ll probably prefer you’re the kind of person who’s available to new experience and new ideas. A great open long-distance marriage has their advantages and disadvantages. Getting the facts right is important to ensure success. Follow this advice on creating an open romantic relationship. You might be surprised at how many people opt for start long range relationships.
Keep in mind that an open relationship is about trust, appreciate and esteem. If your spouse is not able to talk easily, you’ll want to set several ground rules. If your spouse doesn’t feel at ease opening up regarding his/her your life or overlooking yours, you must reconsider the partnership. In an start relationship, we are all responsible for talking and improving each other. If there are several room intended for misunderstandings, you might want to seek out of advice. Romantic relationship experts have the ability to help you with this kind of.
In the event you and your spouse are interested in a long range relationship, you need to be open about everything. Be honest and converse while not exaggeration. This will go a long way to making your relationship do the job. If you’re as well closed away, you may ruin the relationship. Keep in mind that your companion may be developing feelings for someone else while you’re aside. If you’re afraid of losing your partner, try keeping away from open very long distance romances.
To stop the problems within an open long relationship, try to maintain open up communication trying to meet new people. Whilst you can make an effort to meet new people through social networking as well as the Internet, you should talk about your feelings with your partner before you see all of them. You can also make an effort to talk tasks over with your companion before sleeping with all of them. Your partner will be more likely to trust you if you’re available about how you really feel about each other.
A further common blunder is to call and make an open long-distance relationship one-sided. This is not a normal relationship since one partner wants to watch other people while the other would like to be with them. One-sided open up long-distance romances are destructive because they can cause the other partner emotional pain. Whenever both associates don’t need other people, a long range relationship is not going to work. You should consider the pros and negatives of an open up long range relationship when you begin whether to try it.
An open long relationship needs the two visitors to have a solid trust and communication together. This communication is key to solving many problems that can occur in a long-distance relationship. Physical intimacy can often be the biggest difficult task in long-distance relationships. When you are open and honest along with your partner https://asiansbrides.com/japanese-brides/ about your emotions, you can create a secure mental connection and keep an eye on your spouse-to-be’s happiness although being actually apart.
Managing jealousy in an available long-distance marriage requires imagination. Even though it may possibly feel like your partner is spending more time with his/her fresh partner you, the lack of interest and period you give them can make these people jealous. Keeping communication open is also necessary for avoiding problems and making the relationship more enjoyable just for both of you. In addition , it will help you stay away from the negative areas of an open long-distance relationship.

domain: sociology


2021 was the year that energy strategies collided
Dan Graeber, Correspondent
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The past year was one of a visible and quickening energy transition, as politicians and investors focused more sharply than ever on climate change and ways to slow global warming.
But a flexible White House energy policy and market control by OPEC proved that fossil fuels won’t be disappearing anytime soon.


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Conductor Ryan McAdams shares how the myth of the “ideal” conductor, perpetuated at conservatory and within Western culture, glorifies destructive lifestyles such as living in isolation, excessive behaviors, constant striving for perfection, appearing omniscient, and hiding all human vulnerabilities.
Music is indelibly linked to space and place. It has only been until very recently that the idea of space and place has been limited to the tangible. That shift away from liveness (something that I believe was on its way) is a huge step in the future of new music.
Different Cities Different Voices is a new series from NewMusicBox that explores music communities across the US through the voices of local creators and innovators. Discover what is unique about each city’s new music scene through a set of personal essays written by people living and creating there, and hear music from local artists selected… Read more »
Julia Adolphe shares her strategies for continuing to write during a time of personal hardship and discusses the pressures and myths surrounding creating art in response to moments of crisis.
Guidelines for how to pitch to NewMusicBox.
Among the recurring themes of our conversation with composer-pianist-conductor Matthew Aucoin was generosity and risk-taking, something that is in abundance in Aucoin’s own music as well as his personality. Over the course of an hour we talked about his opera Eurydice which was just performed at the Metropolitan Opera, the first commercial recording of his music, his just released new book about opera, The Impossible Art, which was also just released, his desire to develop new musical repertoire that addresses climate change, and much much more.
You need to trust your voice in your personal life in order to fully trust your creative voice and vision as an artist.
Maia Jasper White shares how her relationship to music-making changed as she cared for her young daughter, who underwent surgery for craniosynostosis and a subsequent period of PTSD.
Terri Lyne Carrington was practically born into jazz, but she is not a traditionalist. By embracing elements from rock, rhythm and blues, and hip-hop into her own compositions, she is making music that is very much about the present moment. And in founding the Berklee Institute for Jazz and Gender Justice and now partnering with New Music USA on the new Next Jazz Legacy program, Terri Lyne hopes to build a future that dismantles the jazz patriarchy and eliminates the gender imbalance among instrumentalists.
I reflect on why art is always imperfect and unpack a wave of anxiety that emerged for me while finishing a large-scale work.
Composer/pianist Billy Childs shares the impact of the pandemic and systemic racism in America on his creativity and how he returns to his writing process with practice and persistence.
Developing instrumentalists and singers need technically and financially accessible works from living composers. Here is a mix of practical and philosophical ideas for how you can help.
Composers and best friends Dale Trumbore and Julia Adolphe discuss living with anxiety disorders and writing during a pandemic.
Different Cities Different Voices is a new bi-monthly series from NewMusicBox that explores music communities across the US through the voices of local creators and innovators. Discover what is unique about each city’s new music scene through a set of personal essays written by people living and creating there, and hear music from local artists… Read more »
Percussionist and arts policy consultant Sidney Hopson’s discovery of cultural policy enabled him to combat audition anxiety, a decade of depression, and the pervasive racism of the classical music industry.
Concert cancellations are likely to commence in the coming weeks and we should be concerned for the musicians and the small choral art organizations who support them.
Spending an hour over Zoom chatting with Renée Baker about her more than two thousand musical compositions and perhaps almost as many paintings was inspirational as well as motivational. Renée does not let anything deter her and while her music is extremely wide ranging and gleefully embraces freedom of expression, her daily schedule is precise and meticulous.
Unfortunately, many of us are back to feeling unsafe when it comes to in-person learning, due to the increase in the Delta variant. Here are some tips for private music teachers who are transitioning back to Zoom learning.
Librettist & Singer Aiden K. Feltkamp, who serves as the Emerging Composers and Diversity Director at the American Composers Orchestra, speaks openly about their personal experience transitioning, the impact that Gender Dysphoria (experiencing discord between one’s gender identity & one’s assigned sex at birth) had on their mental health, & how writing helped their healing process.
As I comb the internet for pieces to use in the introductory orchestration course I will teach for the second time this fall, I am reminded of a familiar frustration: it is easy to find scores by white men, and much harder to find scores by anyone else.
Soprano Hila Plitman shares her thoughts on mantra singing, motherhood, and how “the mind is a playful instrument.”
“Music is supposed to have meaning,” says Dr. Adolphus Hailstork whose music captures the tribulations and the occasional triumphs of African Americans in this country. Hailstork’s 80th birthday year got off to an impressive start with a performance of his music as part of the Presidential Inauguration ceremony of Joe Biden. Since then there has been a world premiere of a concert aria he composed to commemorate the centenary of the Tulsa Massacre and he awaits the premiere of his recently completed Fourth Symphony.
Composer and Violinist Jessie Montgomery shares how she has shifted her creative process since the pandemic began to cultivate a sense of playful freedom and reconnect with her childhood love of diverse musical styles.
A visual that inspires the composer or improviser is sure to also inspire audiences to a fuller and more moving experience. The Kentler International Drawing Center is driving this connection home with its now-touring exhibition Music as Image and Metaphor.

domain: artistic


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The WVSC Step-by-Step Process is a process model aligned with a plan–do–check–act cycle for carrying out positive changes in the community. The WVSC Step-by-Step Process enhances performance and provides feedback for continual improvement. The WVSC Step-by-Step Process includes generating awareness, assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and process enhancement.
The process starts with sustainability awareness training for community leadership, establishment of a Sustainability Team, and distribution of outreach and educational materials in an effort to engage community residents and generate support for the program.
What is a Sustainability Team: Sustainability Team is a group of local residents and community leaders that come together to focus on community sustainability.
Outreach and Education Materials: Outreach and education materials help community Sustainability Teams engage and inform community residents.
Assessment of the Community
WVSC staff will work with the community to assess sustainability opportunities and conduct a greenhouse gas emissions inventory to identify resource-use efficiencies and inefficiencies.
Sustainability Assessments: Research and assessment of environmental, economic, and social equity challenges within the jurisdiction, and the programs in place to address these issues.
Community Visioning: Community visioning is the process by which a community envisions the future it wants through meaningful public participation to distill the values and priorities that will contribute to a sustainable future.
Develop a Plan
Your community and Sustainability Team will set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target, and collaborate with WVSC staff to create a Sustainability Action Plan. The Plan lists actions (e.g., policies, programs, projects, etc.) to be implemented to help the community meet its greenhouse gas emissions reduction target and other sustainability goals as envisioned by the community.
Sustainability Action Plan: A Sustainability Action Plan is a documented framework which ties together a community’s vision, goals, strategies, implementation plans and indicators for improving sustainability.
Vision Statement: A vision is a broad statement of the desired outcome for a target community or audience.
Goals: Goals refine a vision down into its component parts and further define the desired outcome in a number of categories.
Indicators and Targets: Indicators are trend statistics that help track progress toward goals and assess the impact of actions.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Targets: The reduction target is the specific GHG emissions reduction goal that your local government and community aim to achieve by a designated year.
Sustainability Action Plan vs. Municipal Master Plan: Actions under the umbrella of the Sustainability Action Plan address a broad community planning process separate from the municipal Master Plan.
WVSC staff will provide workshops, training, and networking resources to communities to guide them through the implementation process outlined in the Sustainability Action Plan. WVSC staff will support the community in coordinating how each action will be implemented by tracking the time frame, costs, and roles and responsibilities.
Implementation: WVSC staff will provide workshops and trainings to communities to guide them to implement the Sustainability Action Plan.
Monitoring and Evaluation
Tools and resources will be used to track water and energy conservation, waste management, pollution prevention, and financial savings throughout the process. Implementation progress and success factors will continually be monitored and evaluated by WVSC staff and the community.
Monitoring: Monitoring provides constant feedback on the progress of a project, the problems it is facing, and the efficiency with which it is being implemented.
Evaluation: Evaluation studies the outcome of a project with the aim of informing the design of future projects.
Communities will improve upon their existing Sustainability Action Plans based on the analyses of results. Even when the initial Sustainability Action Plan is successful, this last step ensures that communities will continue to incorporate new ideas to realize a continual improvement process.
Additional Definitions of WVSC Step-By-Step Process
Sustainability Team is a group of local residents and community leaders that come together to focus on community sustainability. They are a neutral, unbiased group of volunteers representing homeowners, business, industry, civic organizations, and local government. Sustainability Teams are organized to give the community a voice on sustainability issues, help to guide the WVSC process, and eventually assume the entire scope of the WVSC process by engaging the local community in actions to promote environmental, economic, and social well-being.
Outreach and education materials include displays, posters, brochures, and fact sheets with conservation information to help community Sustainability Teams engage and inform community residents. Conservation Starter Kits include compact fluorescent lamps (CFL’s), low-flow aerators, and reusable shopping/carrying bags to help community residents start saving energy and water, and reducing waste.
Assessment of the Community
WVSC staff will support a communities’ Sustainability Team to lead a sustainability assessment and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory project. WVSC staff and the Sustainability Team will conduct the sustainability assessment by determining how to apply the “Nine Opportunities for Sustainability” to the community.
A local government needs to first research and assess environmental, economic, and social equity challenges within the jurisdiction, and the programs in place to address these issues. The sustainability assessment includes a greenhouse gas emissions inventory and forecast for local government operations and the community as a whole and takes into account other key sustainability indicators. The assessment is used to gather baseline data and to identify the challenges to be addressed in the plan.
Similar to an energy audit before retrofitting a building, the GHG emissions analysis lets a community know what activities are causing GHG emissions and the quantity each of these activities is contributing, both now and in the future. In examining the GHG emissions baseline and forecast, a community gains some of the information needed for choosing strategic actions and designing an effective GHG emissions reduction plan.
The baseline emissions inventory consists of two separate analyses – one evaluating activities in the residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and waste sectors in a community, and the other focused on local government buildings, fleet vehicles, and operations. This baseline identifies how many tons of GHG emissions come from each of these sectors.
Community visioning is the process by which a community envisions the future it wants through meaningful public participation. Community engagement helps to distill the values and priorities that will contribute to a sustainable future. Visioning initiatives are the inspirational starting point for a comprehensive sustainability planning process. The visioning process evaluates the community as it currently exists, identifies what is valued in the community, and encourages stakeholders to imagine where they would like the community to be in ten or twenty years. This shared vision creates the basis for developing goals and completing actions that move the community toward an ideal, sustainable community. Typically the community vision will be used to guide personal behaviors, government decisions, and the establishment of community plans and programs. It is essential to develop indicators and targets to track progress toward each goal, as well as targets for achievement.
Develop a Plan
A Sustainability Action Plan is a documented framework which ties together a community’s vision, goals, strategies, implementation plans – including actions and targets - and indicators for improving sustainability.
The Sustainability Action Plan is a description of the actions – policies, programs, and projects – a local government and community will take to apply the “Nine Opportunities for Sustainability” and meet its GHG reduction target. The Action Plan does not need to be a long document and it can be incorporated into another plan or document a local government is preparing such as an air quality improvement plan, master plan, or general plan. In addition to listing actions to be implemented, the plan should also discuss how each action will be implemented via a timeline, financing, and assignment of responsibility to departments, staff, or community residents.
Once goals and targets have been identified, actions answer the question of “How will we get there?” Action steps are the programs, policies, and projects that will be adopted to achieve the goals set by the Sustainability Action Plan.
A vision is a broad statement of the desired outcome for a target community or audience. It should be specific enough to guide goal-setting activities and to describe what life might be like if the vision were implemented, but broad enough to encompass many goals and implementation strategies. It often encompasses organizing themes like sustainable development, healthy communities, or quality of life.
Goals refine a vision down into its component parts and further define the desired outcome in a number of categories, such as health, natural resources, equity, transportation, etc. A goal should be broad enough to show relationships with other goals, and be able to act as an umbrella for a bundle of related issues, implementation strategies, and indicators. The goals are the organizing framework for the plan and the community’s efforts as well as a description of desired ends.
Indicators help track progress toward goals and assess the impact of actions. If the municipality is successfully implementing its programs but the indicators are not showing progress, it is time to reassess the programs.
Indicators are trend statistics that provide information to citizens and decision makers on issues that are important, but often are not easy to monitor. Citizens cannot simply sniff the air or taste the water to know if conditions are changing in important ways. As a result, important public issues such as air quality, water quality, species diversity, equity issues, housing, and many other subjects are low on policy agendas or go unnoticed well beyond the point where strong action may have been required.
Since indicators are quantitative, a community is also able to set specific targets to show what level of improvement is desired, and enable everyone to know when success has been achieved.
Finally, indicators take abstract goals and visions and make them comprehensible. By selecting and measuring key trends, everyone in the municipality, from department heads to residents, can understand what the community is trying to achieve and what progress is and is not being made. Indicators are a powerful communication tool for government.
The reduction target is the specific GHG emissions reduction goal that your local government and community aim to achieve by a designated year. It is usually expressed as a percentage reduction below the quantity of emissions released in the baseline year. Almost all of the local governments participating in ICLEI’s CCP Campaign establish GHG emissions reduction targets at 10-15 percent to be met within a 10-15 year period.
Actions under the umbrella of the Sustainability Action Plan address a broad community planning process separate from the municipal Master Plan. A municipal Master Plan directs the future development of the municipality and typically focuses on issues related to land use, while a Sustainability Action Plan may include actions related to energy use or influencing individual behaviors. Although the Sustainability Action Plan tracks a variety of conditions and guides actions to improve those conditions, it may also include elements related to community development. For this reason, after developing a Sustainability Action Plan, municipalities should ensure consistency between their Sustainability Action Plan and municipal Master Plan.
No plan is worth its salt unless it is implemented. Implementing the actions is an on-going process that will probably last through the target date—but the key point is to keep taking action until the goal is reached. WVSC staff will support and assist the community in the implementation of the Sustainability Action Plan.
WVSC staff will provide workshops and trainings to communities to guide them to implementation of the Sustainability Action Plan. WVSC will connect communities with local and national resources and organizations that provide workshops and trainings on sustainability issues.
Additional workshops and trainings will be offered to discuss Water Conservation; Energy Conservation; Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Reduction, Recycling, and Elimination; Pollution Prevention; and Sustainability Concepts and Principles (i.e., Energy Management Systems, Smart Growth, Low Impact Development, and Green Buildings).
Monitoring is performed while a project is being implemented with the aim of improving the project design and function while in action. Information gathered through this type of evaluation is used to make some important changes in the project. It is designed to provide constant feedback on the progress of a project, the problems it is facing, and the efficiency with which it is being implemented.
An evaluation studies the outcome of a project with the aim of informing the design of future projects. It is used mainly to help in the selection and design of future projects. Evaluation can assess the extent to which the project produced the intended impacts and the distribution of the benefits between different groups. Evaluation can also highlight the cost-effectiveness of the project as compared to other options.
Evaluation and Monitoring can:
- Provide constant feedback;
- Identify potential problems;
- Monitor the Efficiency;
- Improve project design;
- Show need for mid-course corrections;
- Evaluate achievement of general objectives; and
- Incorporate views of stakeholders.
Monitoring and Evaluating Urban Development Programs, A Handbook for Program Managers and Researchers. Bamberger, Michael and Hewitt, Eleanor. World Bank Technical Paper no 53. (Washington, D.C.: 1986)


text:
Maryland public health officials say lab tests confirmed Campylobacter jejuni bacteria in two unopened containers of unpasteurized milk from the Your Family Cow farm in Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania health authorities have not yet announced the results of their tests, as the number of people who are sick after drinking milk from the raw milk dairy has risen to 35 in four states.
The confirmed cases of Campylobacter infection include 28 people in Pennsylvania, four in Maryland, two in West Virginia, and one in New Jersey.
The Maryland health department said it continues to advise consumers to discard any milk from the Family Cow dairy purchased since January 1.
The owners of Your Family Cow farm in Chambersburg, PA, one of the largest raw milk dairies on the East Coast, have said tests conducted on three samples of milk by a private lab they retained were negative for pathogens.
On January 27, Maryland and Pennsylvania health authorities issued an alert reporting multiple cases of Campylobacter infection associated with drinking raw milk from the dairy. Your Family Cow sells its unpasteurized milk in retail stores in Pennsylvania, at its farm and at several drop-off locations.
The sale of unpasteurized milk is permitted in Pennsylvania but not allowed in Maryland.
Raw milk, which is milk not heated to kill many harmful bacteria, can become contaminated with a wide variety of germs, including E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Campylobacter, primarily from cow feces. Campylobacteriosis is most often associated with drinking unpasteurized milk or untreated surface water, or eating undercooked poultry, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Most people who become ill with campylobacteriosis get diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain and fever that typically lasts one week. Some infected persons do not have any symptoms.
About one in every 1,000 reported Campylobacter illnesses leads to Guillain-Barré syndrome, and can result in paralysis. The CDC estimates that as many as 40 percent of Guillain-Barré syndrome cases in the U.S. may be triggered by campylobacteriosis.

domain: news


US senate passes bill to block Trump on Russia sanctions, Putin says unjustified
The bill, which is an amendment to another bill on sanctions on Iran, passed in a 97-2 vote. It will now be taken up by the House of Representatives before it goes to Trump to be signed into law.world Updated: Jun 16, 2017 00:20 IST
The US Senate passed a legislation with near unanimity on Wednesday that proposes new sanctions against Russia and seeks to prevent the Donald Trump administration from watering down or removing those embargos already in place.
The bill, which is an amendment to another bill on sanctions on Iran, passed in a 97-2 vote. It will now be taken up by the House of Representatives before it goes to Trump to be signed into law.
The legislation creates a congressional review mechanism to be triggered by any move by the administration to ease or change the sanctions that were imposed by former President Barack Obama in retaliation for Russian annexation of Crimea.
The new sanctions seeks to punish Russia for its role in Syria and the meddling in US elections in 2016.
Charles Schumer, leaders of the Democrats in the Senate, said, “This administration has been too eager, far too eager in my mind, to put sanctions relief on the table. We cannot let Russia’s meddling in our elections go unpunished, lest they ever consider something similar again.”
American allies Germany and Austria have reacted angrily to a portion of the new sanctions that proposes continued opposition to an under-sea pipeline bringing gas from Russia to Germany, which is partially funded by a consortium comprising Anglo-Dutch group Royal Dutch Shell, French Engie, OMV of Austria and Germany’s Uniper and Wintershall.
Putin: Sanctions made Russia stronger
Russia has climbed out of recession despite continuing Western sanctions, President Vladimir Putin said on Thursday, adding that the restrictions have forced the country to “switch on our brains” to reduce its dependence on energy exports.
Speaking in a live call-in show televised nationwide, Putin termed the US Senate’s decision to impose new sanctions on Russia as a reflection of Western efforts to “contain” Russia, but insisted that the measures only have made the country stronger.
Putin argued that Russia has done nothing to warrant the Senate’s move. “It’s evidence of a continuing internal political struggle in the US,” he said.
Russia has responded to the US and EU sanctions by halting most Western food imports, a move that has helped increase Russian agricultural output.
Russian farmers have pleaded with the Kremlin to keep the import ban even if the West lifts its sanctions, but Putin said that if “our partners lift the sanctions against our economy, we will respond in kind.”
First Published: Jun 15, 2017 22:56 IST


|Publication number||US7208085 B2|
|Application number||US 10/477,977|
|Publication date||Apr 24, 2007|
|Filing date||May 16, 2002|
|Priority date||May 18, 2001|
|Also published as||DE60228078D1, EP1396721A1, EP1396721A4, EP1396721B1, US20040195161, WO2002095390A1|
|Publication number||10477977, 477977, PCT/2002/333, PCT/CN/2/000333, PCT/CN/2/00333, PCT/CN/2002/000333, PCT/CN/2002/00333, PCT/CN2/000333, PCT/CN2/00333, PCT/CN2000333, PCT/CN2002/000333, PCT/CN2002/00333, PCT/CN2002000333, PCT/CN200200333, PCT/CN200333, US 7208085 B2, US 7208085B2, US-B2-7208085, US7208085 B2, US7208085B2|
|Inventors||Xindu Geng, Yangjun Zhang|
|Original Assignee||Northwest University|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (5), Classifications (16), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a 371 of PCT/CN20/00333 filed May 16, 2002.
This invention relates to a kind of chromatographic cake and its manufacturing method and application, especially to a kind of chromatographic cake and its manufacturing method and application which is applicable to biopolymer separation or renaturation with simultaneous purification.
Chromatography and capillary electrophoretic methods are two means used frequently for the separation of biopolymers. Because of the limitation of the quantity of the employed mobile phase in capillary electrophoretic method, however, such methods can generally only be used on an analytical scale. Chromatography is now the most important and the most effective separation method for the separation, renaturation and purification of biopolymers. It would be desirable to be able to use such technique not only for analytical scale, but also for production scale.
When chromatography is used for separation, it is commonly accepted that the separating effect is proportional to the number of column plates, e.g., column length. If the column is too long, however, it is too expensive and it leads to a higher column pressure, which must be controlled with a high performance liquid chromatograph. It is reported in the literature that evidence can be obtained showing effective biopolymer separation with a short column using the stoichiometric displacement model for solute-in-liquid chromatography; and, a packed column of 2 mm in length using a slice of membrane having a thickness of about 2 mm that is cut off from a continuous rod is used to make biopolymer separations with good results when used on an analytical scale. It is still unknown, however, whether such a short column with stable effects can be utilized for industrialized production, as well as to what degree such a column can be shortened and still be effective.
At present, a column for high performance liquid chromatography employed at a production scale level is generally packed with particles having a diameter of about 20–30 μm. It is ideal that the ratio of column length to diameter be about 10 or less to avoid a too-high column pressure under conditions of high flow rate, thereby causing decreasing separation effects. In order to ameliorate the fact that the volume of the column bed always becomes effectively smaller under the pressure accumulated by the soft matrix over an increased column length, Pharmacia Co., which is famous around the world for its production of chronographic media adapted for use at low and middle pressure conditions, has offered a cake-shaped chromatographic column with shorter thickness (but having a length of at least 10 cm) and of greater diameter. When in use, several cake-shaped chromatographic columns of this type would typically be connected together in series. Therefore, the sum of the lengths of these serially connected columns is still many times greater than the diameter of an individual cake-shaped column, so the flow rate through this series of chromatographic cakes still cannot be too high when it is applied.
Many proteins expressed with E. coli in biotechnology exist in the form of inclusion body in E. coli because of its high hydrophobicity. Although the primary structures of such proteins may be correct, their third or fourth structures are basically wrong. As the inclusion body generally has the property of high hydrophobicity, it should be dissolved with a denaturant at high concentration, such as 7.0 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) or 8.0 mol/L urea. Then the renaturation of the proteins can be processed. In the current technology, the dialysis method and the dilution method are commonly used for protein renaturation. Nevertheless, these two methods not only have a low renaturation effect (on the order of about 5%–20% generally), but they also require too much time resulting in failure to realize the objective of separating impure proteins. One alternative technology has been developed in which a denatured protein is renatured and simultaneously purified by high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC). However, if some precipitates of proteins occur by sample injection, the chromatographic column in this technique will be blocked or damaged. Thus, the denatured facilities currently used for protein renaturation and purification and the multifunctional protein-purifying unit as described above have major limitations which reduce their utility and effectiveness.
It can be concluded that the following major problems currently exist in the separation and purification of proteins in various biotechnology processes:
1. Separation and purification of biopolymers made in a glass column, a plastic column or a stainless steel column, packed by soft based media, and having large diameters. The shortcomings of these processes include low column efficiency, need for large volumes of media, high consumption of mobile phase, and long production periods.
2. When small solutes are separated with a chromatographic column, the resolution should be proportional to the column length. The ratio of column diameter to column length is normally about 1:10. The column length has a small effect on the resolution of biopolymers. In general, a column with a length of about 5 cm is selected. When such a column is packed with small particles, the chromatographic system through pressure is obviously increased. Such a column should therefore be used with a high-pressure liquid chromatograph, but this results in increased production costs. Such increased costs counterbalance some of the advantages of using a column packed by small particles, namely high efficiency, large volume and good reproducibility.
3. For the usual chromatographic columns, it is preferred that samples having a high viscosity not enter the columns, and that no more than a small quantity of precipitates from samples are allowed to settle in the column head. In practice, however, the inlet and outlet conditions of the mobile phase cannot readily be changed, so such control is not convenient for the operation.
4. In a usual separation and purification process, relatively pure products can be obtained only through the sequential steps of renaturation, removal of denaturants, coarse purification, and multistep fine purification. These steps represent a long and cumbersome processing technology usually involving great loss of mass and bioactivity and, thus, with a relatively low recovery (generally no higher than about 5–20%).
5. Common renaturation methods include a dilution method and a dialysis method. With the dilution method, many dilution steps should be taken to gradually decrease the concentration of the denaturing agent employed. Thus, such a process brings many handling difficulties for the later separation and purification steps if, at each stage, samples are diluted tens, or even hundreds, of times. The dialysis method, on the other hand, takes too much time (e.g., 24 hours for only one dialysis step generally), and, furthermore, the dialysis agent should be changed many times. In addition, with the above two renaturation methods, the subject proteins are easily aggregated and precipitated resulting in a long renaturation time during the renaturation process.
6. There are many steps involved in the current separation and purification methods. In the course of such separation and processing steps, the volume of solution containing the subject proteins is always increasing. Also, each step of these methods requires substantial associated processing equipment. Therefore, current separation and purification techniques require a relatively large investment in equipment with correspondingly high production costs.
At present, for packing and manufacturing a chromatographic column, satisfactory column efficiency can be obtained when chromatographic packing material is packed using familiar axial and radial pressurization techniques. But these two methods are only applicable to the packing process for a relatively long chromatographic column wherein the ratio R of column length to diameter is greater than unity (i.e., R>1). There are no ideal packing and manufacturing methods currently available, however, for the process of packing a chromatographic “cake” wherein the ratio R of cake thickness to cake diameter is smaller than or equal to unity (i.e., R≦1). If the traditional technology were used to pack a chromatographic cake wherein R≦1, the following problems would likely occur:
1. In the traditional process to pack a chromatographic column, liquid goes through the column inlet and column outlet in the axial direction (i.e., along the axis of the column). In general, the traditional packing processes are only applicable to a chromatographic column wherein the ratio R of column length to column diameter is greater than unity.
2. Because the technique of packing columns properly requires a high level of skill, if an operator is lacking the necessary skills, circumstances may occur in which a column is not packed properly, for example having a tight outlet and/or a loose inlet. An improperly packed column has low reproducibility of results because of the defect in the column packing.
3. In a conventional chromatographic column packing process, the inlet end of the column can be made even and smooth with a blade after the column has been packed. For a chromatographic cake, however, there are no easy and effective methods to make such a large surface area of the packing, such as the inlet end of the column, even and smooth after packing the cake.
4. In general, a chromatographic column needs to be repacked after long use at high pressure. Before a column is repacked, the sunken inlet end of a chromatographic column is typically repaired to prolong column life. In order for the sunken inlet end of a chromatographic column to be repaired, however, the column head must be dismantled to remove the frit. For a column with a relatively small diameter, it is generally easy to remove the frit because of the small surface area of the frit. But, the surface area of the inlet end of a “chromatographic cake” is generally more than one up to 100 times or more greater than that of a comparable conventional chromatographic column. Also because the distributor is tabled tightly with the frit, and is normally also relatively tightly pressed in the groove of the column body, it is difficult to remove it. If it is removed with force, the distributor could often be damaged.
5. When packing having a small diameter is to be packed into a chromatographic cake using the high pressure slurry method, possible leakage must be tested before the cake can be packed because the diameter of a chromatographic cake is relatively great and, accordingly, it is difficult to seal it off if there is a leak. After the chromatographic packing is packed, if there is still a leakage problem, it can create great difficulties for repairing the apparatus.
6. For a relatively large chromatographic cake, a relatively large slurry tank and associated devices are required which increase the production costs.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a kind of improved chromatographic cake applicable to the separation, or renaturation with simultaneous purification, of biopolymers with good results.
The present invention is directed to a type of chromatographic “cake,” which comprises a chromatographic packing cake or shell defining a fixed volume inner region or cavity, and having a mobile phase inlet and a mobile phase outlet, the chromatographic packing cake being packed in the inner cavity thereof with a suitable chromatographic packing material, wherein the ratio R of the thickness
In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the preferable dimensions of the fixed volume inner cavity of the chromatographic packing cake range from about 0.2–50 mm in thickness and from about 5.0–1000 mm in diameter.
A chromatographic packing cake in accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention includes upper and lower clamp plates sandwiching a cake body element, each clamp plate having either the said mobile phase inlet or outlet respectively at opposite ends (clamp plates) of the apparatus, and also, preferably, wherein the cake body includes at least one lateral hole or aperture.
In order to avoid the loss of chromatographic packing from the inner cavity, frits are assembled or located at the lateral sides of the upper and lower clamp plates respectively of the chromatographic packing cake and near to the inner cavity of the chromatographic packing cake. The diameters of the frit holes in the frits should be greater than the typical size of the biopolymers in the mobile phase but also less than the size of the chromatographic packing.
In order to obtain generally even distributions of mobile phase and solute through the cake, and to enhance the separation effect, in another preferred embodiment of the invention distributor elements are assembled or located between the upper and lower clamp plates of the chromatographic packing cake.
Such a distributor element comprises one generally flat plate having substantially the same profile as the cross section of the inner cavity of the chromatographic packing cake. On the surface of at least one lateral side of each distributor element are radiating and concentric circular blast grooves. Distributing holes are located at the junctions of the radiating and circular guide grooves.
The preferred cross section of the guide grooves in the distributor elements is generally triangular and cambered.
The diameters of the distributing holes in the distributor elements may increase gradually as they move radially outward from the center of the distributor element.
In another embodiment of chromatographic packing cakes in accordance with this invention, a seal ring may be placed between the upper and lower clamp plates and the cake body.
Chromatographic cakes in accordance with this invention may be advantageously used in the separation and purification of biopolymers prepared in biotechnology processes, thereby realizing advantages such as high efficiency, processing of large volumes and good reproducibility of results. The packed chromatographic cakes of this invention are equally useful under process conditions of either low or middle pressures. The cakes of this invention can decrease costs and enhance output. With the chromatographic cakes of this invention, the processes of separation and purification, removal of denaturants during a renaturation process, coarse purification, and multiple-step purifications can be combined and accomplished in only one step. The chromatographic cakes of this invention can work under pressure conditions ranging from about 1–200 kg/cm2.
A second objective of this invention is to provide new and improved manufacturing methods for preparing chromatographic cakes in accordance with this invention, such methods being characterized by high speed, low cost and high efficiency.
In order achieve this objective, this invention uses the following technical outline of a manufacturing method for chromatographic cakes, the method including the following steps:
The lateral hole(s) of the chromatographic packing cake can be directly connected to the slurry tank of a high-pressure slurry packing machine for packing the chromatographic cake.
When a chromatographic cake with a diameter of less than about 50 mm is manufactured, the chromatographic cake can be directly placed on the high-pressure slurry packing machine. According to the usual method for packing a column, the chromatographic packing can be directly added into the inner cavity of the chromatographic packing cake.
When a chromatographic cake having a diameter greater than about 50 mm is manufactured, however, the cake should preferably be at least partially packed using a suction method in order to insure that the chromatographic packing are packed tightly. Using the suction method, the chromatographic cake is placed on the high-pressure slurry-packing machine, and the chromatographic packing is added through the lateral hole(s) of the chromatographic packing cake into the inner cavity of the chromatographic packing cake.
The method of adding the chromatographic packing through the lateral hole of the chromatographic packing cake helps to reduce or eliminate the “dead” volume in the chromatographic cake, which in turn improves the separation effect. Dead volume tends to increase by the loss of chromatographic packing after the chromatographic cake has been in use for some time. The method of adding additional chromatographic packing is similar to the original cake packing method.
In order to eliminate accumulated impurities on the distributor elements, the frits, and the biopolymers that do not enter the packed chromatographic cake, the chromatographic cake should be periodically washed through the lateral hole of the chromatographic packing cake. Because these accumulations can increase the pressure on the chromatographic system, they can result in contaminating follow-up separated samples. A preferred washing method for the chromatographic cakes of this invention is to let buffer solution or water enter the lateral hole, which acts as an inlet, and go out from the inlet and outlet respectively in the upper and lower clamp plates.
Another embodiment of this invention is to periodically replace deteriorated chromatographic packing through the lateral hole of the chromatographic packing cake and to remove deteriorated chromatographic packing which has a low column efficiency and which makes the chromatographic system pressure increase. The removed packing is then replaced with new packing. One such method is as follows: let the upper and lower clamp plates act as inlets and use the lateral hole as the outlet; purge the deteriorated chromatographic packing with water, and repack the new chromatographic packing into the hollow interior of the cake.
The operations for the cake packing and packing replacement in accordance with this invention are very simple and easy, and they can save time and workload. As the clamp plates on both ends of the chromatographic cake would not be opened after a leakage check, and the cake can be packed directly, this design can insure a chromatographic cake free from liquid leakage and having an even surface of packing, which is favorable to enhancing the column efficiency. When a bigger chromatographic cake is packed, it does not need a larger slurry tank and other accessory equipment, which means that production costs are also reduced.
Further explanations of this invention in relation to the following figures and concrete examples appear below.
Structure of a Chromatographic Cake in Accordance with this Invention
As shown in
A chromatographic packing cake in accordance with this invention comprises a pair of upper and lower clamp plates, 3 and 4 respectively in
As shown in
In practice, the cross section of the inner cavity of a chromatographic packing cake in accordance with this invention may have many different shapes, for example, it can be round, polygonal, elliptic and so on. But, in each such design, the ratio of the thickness to the diameter (or corresponding dimension) of the inner cavity of the chromatographic packing cake should be smaller than or equal to 1. An optimal cake thickness has been found to be about 0.2–50 mm, with the corresponding diametral dimension ranging from about 5.0–1000 mm. The chromatographic packing cake can be made from many materials, such as resistant-to-acid and alkali stainless steel, titanium alloy, and many kinds of engineering plastics. There are also many kinds of chromatographic packing suitable for various types of chromatographic separations which are useful with the chromatographic cakes of this invention. The number of lateral holes 9 on the cake body 5 of the chromatographic packing cake may be one or more than one, which can be decided in accordance with each actual situation.
Packing and Manufacturing a Medium-Larger Sized Chromatographic Cake with a Diameter of more than 50 mm Using the Radial Column Packing Method
Packing and Manufacturing a Smaller-Sized Chromatographic Cake with a Diameter of less than 50 mm Using the Radial Column Packing Method
Performance Comparison Between Two Methods of Packing a Chromatographic Cake
Under the same cake packing conditions (40 MPa column/cake packing pressure and 30 min. column packing time), small particles (diameter of about 5 μm of a hydrophobic chromatographic packing were packed separately into two identical 10×50 mm I.D. chromatographic cakes first using the usual axial column packing method and, second, using the radial column packing method of this invention. Under the same chromatographic conditions (flow rate of 5.0 mL/min and gradient of 0–100% B for 25 min.), five proteins (cytochrome C, ribonuclease A, lysozyme, α-amylase and insulin) were separated using the two packed cakes. The above operation was repeated five times for each cake. The chromatograms showing the results of the two packing methods are respectively shown in
Separation Performance After Radially Discharging and Repacking a Chromatographic Cake
A hydrophobic chromatographic packing was packed through the lateral hole of a chromatographic cake using the radial high pressure slurry method, after which the lateral hole was sealed with an end cap. Under the conditions of a flow rate of 5 m L/min and a gradient of 100% A–100% B for a period of 25 mins., cytochrome C, myoglobin, lysozyme and α-amylase were separated. The results are shown in
Comparison of Separations Carried out Using a Chromatographic Column and a Chromatographic Cake
A chromatographic cake with the specification of 5×50 mm I.D. and a chromatographic column with the specification of 200×7.9 mm I.D. were selected for the Example. The volumes of the packing cavities in both cases was 9.9±0.2 mL. Under the same 40 MPa pressure conditions, both chromatographic apparatuses were packed using the same batch of HPHIC packing. Under the conditions of same sample size and flow rate of 4.0 ml/min., six standard proteins were separated using the two chromatographic devices. The results are shown in
Separations Using Different Types of Chromatographic Cakes
In this Example, the standard proteins were separated using three sizes of chromatographic cakes manufactured in accordance with this invention, namely a 10×50 mm I.D. cake, a 10×200 mm I.D. cake and a 10×300 mm I.D. cake. The results are shown respectively in
Renaturation Efficiency of Denatured Lysozyme with Urea and Guanidinine Hydrochloride Using a Chromatographic Cake
In this Example, under two different chromatographic conditions, sample injections were made of denatured lysozyme into solutions of urea and guanidinine hydrochloride (GuHCl), after the 5×50 mm I.D. chromatographic cakes in accordance with this invention were equilibrated with solution A. Then the renatured components coming from the chromatographic cakes were collected. The bioactivity recovery of these effluent streams was measured as shown in Table 1 below. The gradient used was changed from 100% A to 100% B. It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that the chromatographic cake has a substantial renaturation effect on the denatured lysozyme by urea and GuHCl.
Bioactivity recovery of Lysozyme under
different chromatographic conditions
Flow rate, 4 mL/min.
Flow rate, 2. mL/min.
25 min. linear
50 min. linear
Denatured Lysozyme by
Denatured Lysozyme by
Renaturation with Simultaneous Purification of the Recombined Human Interferon rhINF-γ Using a Chromatographic Cake
Chromatographic cakes in accordance with this invention can be used successfully at a pressure of more than 20 Mpa. Such cakes do not deform during use, which helps to insure the surface evenness of the chromatographic packing at the end of a sample injection which, in turn, enhances the resolution. Using the cakes of this invention, separation is fast even with a low system pressure (e.g., lower than 5.0 Mpa generally). From the standpoint of good resolution under high flow rate conditions, the performance of chromatography cakes in accordance with this invention is comparable to that of perfusion chromatography and, therefore, has superior industrial applicability. The chromatographic cakes of this invention also allow for sample injections having a relatively high viscosity and a little precipitation. When the chromatographic separation is completed with the cakes of this invention, no fixed inlet and outlet are needed. The cakes of this invention show only a small irreversible absorption on objective products, which enhances the recovery of such objective products. With the chromatographic cake of this invention, the separation, renaturation, and purification processes can be performed in one step, which makes it at least three times simpler than the normal renaturation and purification technology. With the chromatographic cakes of this invention, the relevant production period can also be shortened by at least several times compared with comparable conventional processes and chromatographic devices. The investment for equipment is also reduced significantly using the chromatographic cakes of this invention. At the same time, denaturants can also be recovered when using chromatographic cakes in accordance with this invention. Not only can such recovered denaturants be reused, but also the environmental pollution caused by disposing of such denaturants can be reduced.
Thus, the chromatographic cakes of this invention will find a wide range of applications in the separation, renaturation and purification of biopolymers.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described above with reference to various exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined by the following claims.
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|US3780866 *||Nov 16, 1971||Dec 25, 1973||Pharmacia Fine Chemicals Ab||Method for the separation of substance mixtures by chromatography and a column means adapted to be used for the method|
|US4497711 *||Aug 17, 1983||Feb 5, 1985||Imperial Chemical Industries, Plc||Chromatography columns|
|US4557830 *||Feb 27, 1984||Dec 10, 1985||Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha||Packed column having pressure-absorbing mechanism|
|US4582608 *||Feb 15, 1985||Apr 15, 1986||Separations Technology, Inc.||HPLC column|
|US4710289 *||Feb 27, 1987||Dec 1, 1987||Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung||Chromatography precolumn|
|US4722786 *||May 13, 1985||Feb 2, 1988||Weaver Victor C||Head for a preparative column|
|US4732687 *||Feb 24, 1987||Mar 22, 1988||Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung||Chromatography column and process for packing same|
|US4737284 *||Jun 2, 1986||Apr 12, 1988||Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschranker Haftung||Chromatography column|
|US4737292 *||Apr 29, 1987||Apr 12, 1988||Separations Technology, Inc.||HPLC column and a column packing method|
|US4806238 *||Nov 19, 1987||Feb 21, 1989||Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung||Chromatography column|
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|US5141635 *||May 27, 1989||Aug 25, 1992||Biopass||Fluid distributor and device for treating a fluid such as a chromatograph equipped with said distributor|
|US5238556 *||May 13, 1992||Aug 24, 1993||Hamid Shirkhan||Chromatography tube for use within a pressurized circuit|
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|US5589062 *||May 30, 1995||Dec 31, 1996||Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College||Radial flow chromatography|
|US5667676 *||May 1, 1996||Sep 16, 1997||Alaska; Andrew B.||Side-packed chromatographic column|
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|US5863428 *||Apr 1, 1997||Jan 26, 1999||Phenomenex||Guard cartridge for chromatography|
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|US6080616 *||Feb 19, 1998||Jun 27, 2000||Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.||Methods of fabricating memory cells with reduced area capacitor interconnect|
|US20040140252 *||May 10, 2002||Jul 22, 2004||Klaus Gebauer||Scalable liquid distribution system for large scale chromatography columns|
|EP1074835A1||Jul 21, 2000||Feb 7, 2001||InfraServ GmbH & Co. Höchst KG||Chromatographic column with improved features for slurry packing|
|JPH07301626A *||Title not available|
|RU2060498C1||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US7682505 *||Feb 14, 2005||Mar 23, 2010||Bio-Rad Pasteur||Method and devices for dry loading of chromatography resins|
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|U.S. Classification||210/198.2, 210/198.3, 210/656|
|International Classification||G01N30/60, B01D15/20, B01D15/08, B01D15/22, G01N30/56|
|Cooperative Classification||G01N30/606, G01N2030/562, G01N30/56, B01D15/206, B01D15/22|
|European Classification||B01D15/22, G01N30/56, B01D15/20P|
|May 24, 2004||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: NORTHWEST UNIVERSITY, CHINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GENG, XINDU;ZHANG, YANGJUN;REEL/FRAME:015433/0773
Effective date: 20040515
|Oct 28, 2010||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 28, 2010||SULP||Surcharge for late payment|
|Apr 25, 2011||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: XI AN AOLAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO., CHINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NORTHWEST UNIVERSITY;REEL/FRAME:026243/0931
Effective date: 20101212
|Oct 22, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8


Q. Should I opt for a Dedicated Linux server or a Dedicated Windows server ?
Ans: If you specifically require ASP, ASP.NET Framework, Windows IIS Web Server, ASP.NET Ajax extensions, ODBC, MS SQL, MS ACCESS server, Remote Desktop Access or any other Microsoft products then you will probably want to opt for a Windows web hosting server. Otherwise, Linux server is a far more reliable, secure and economical solution.
WebHosting UK provides variety of Intel powered Dell Linux/Windows Dedicated Servers in UK.
Dedicated Linux server options include cPanel, Plesk, Linux CentOS, Linux Fedora Core, Linux Debian, RHEL and FreeBSD.
Dedicated Windows server options include Plesk control panel, Windows 2003 Standard, Windows 2003 Enterprise and Windows Server 2008.


text:
Living in the City of Angels..
Thursday, June 28, 2012
Inspired by Kayne West- Lovin this interview!
Im inspired! I love Kayne, his music and that he speaks his mind!
And you cant deny the Man Does have some sic Style!


text:
If you suffer from Lower Back Pain or Referring Pain down your legs then this article is for you.
Firstly, I’d like to say that without being there to assess you it is always hard to recommend exactly what you need to do but you should find the following very useful…
# 1 – Decompress to Create Space
When you first wake up your spine has the most amount of fluid in between its joints. By the end of the day, due to gravity, it has the least amount.
Spinal fluid enables free movement of the vertebral joints and also nourishes the joints with nutrients that assist in repair.
If you sit for most of the day then by the evening your lower back can become very stiff and compressed. If you start feeling pain down your legs then there is a good chance that you’re irritating a nerve in your lower back.
Start thinking about lengthening or decompressing your spine. Sit less or at least getup and move as much as possible. Practice hanging from a pull-up bar if you can.
Try this decompression exercise in the evenings:
Lie on your back and pull your knees to your chest keeping most of your lower back on the floor. Hold onto your knees and gently rock them backward and forwards, side to side and in small circles.
You are ultimately trying to separate the vertebrae in the lower back so relax and move rhythmically.
# 2 – Mobilize to Prevent Overworking
The lower back contains the largest of the vertebral bones for a reason, they are designed to be stable and not very mobile.
The spine should move like a wave creating its movement through a combination of small movements at each joint.
If one or more of the joints is limited then it forces further movement both above and below the sticking point.
If the lower back is forced to move more than it should due to compensations above and below then there is a good chance you may slip a disc or irritate a nerve.
Work on your spinal mobility. If you sit a lot then you must mobilize your upper back (thoracic spine) and you should also work on your hip mobility to take added pressure away from your lower back.
# 3 – Core Strength for Spinal Stability
The purpose of the core and ab muscles is to provide stability for the lower back as well as provide movement at the mid-section.
If you sit a lot then your core muscles become disengaged then weaken and your spine becomes vulnerable. You’re left with a naked spine when moving!
Work on bracing type core exercises that promote spinal strengthening. Plank type exercises have become popular for this very reason they promote better spinal health than back-breaking crunches.
# 4 – Integrated Strength to Bring It All Together
Once you have worked on decompression, mobility and core strengthening you can start to master exercises that integrate all these important factors.
The kettlebell swing will help strengthen the lower back by working the complete back of your body (posterior chain).
It integrates all the above 3 factors beautifully:
1. Rocking forwards and backward opens and closes the lower vertebrae sucking nutrients into the joints
2. Hip and upper back mobility is increased as the swing promotes correct alignment
3. Core muscles stabilize the pelvis and prevent over extension at the top of the movement
The swing will make your lower back feel tired just like any other muscle but it should not produce pain. If you feel pain then stop, go and see someone and address the 3 points above.
Sitting is the new smoking. It’s a real killer for your lower back but if you do suffer from lower back issues, all is not lost.
Think about decompressing your spine, learn to stay loose and let your lower back do its job not someone else’s, keep your spine strong by using the correct core exercises and finally integrate your full body effectively when exercising.
I hope you have found this useful and if you do suffer from lower back issues then this will help.


text:
New director enthused about attractions at Sturgis Historical Museum
Sturgis Historical Museum has been evolving for nearly a decade, and opened At the Depot in 2017.
In October 2018, the board hired Jenifer Blouin Policelli as director and it’s a perfect fit, said Joan Franks, board member.
Policelli, a 2012 graduate of Sturgis High School, earned a bachelor’s degree in history from Bethel College in Mishawaka, Ind. and a master’s degree in public history from Western Michigan University.
For 3 1/2 years, Policelli served an internship in the Bethel College and Missionary Church archives with historic collections.
“I learned how to process correctly, how to care for them. That really helps with the collections aspect of this museum,” Policelli said.
She also had an internship at Hannah Lindahl Children's Museum in Mishawaka.
“It helped me get an idea of how to work in a museum, how to give people tours, be welcoming and how to engage with the community,” Policelli said. “For small museums, it’s ideal for us to be part of the community.”
LeeAnn McConnell recalls the day Policelli came in for a tour.
“I remembered her, because she was in school with my son,” McConnell said.
Policelli signed up as a volunteer docent and they soon realized she had ideal training and the board hired her.
McConnell said, “To be homegrown — a Sturgis High School graduate, she’s wonderful. We’re so pleased to have Jenifer on board with us.”
Among her first duties, Policelli drafted a mission statement, which the board approved.
The mission of Sturgis Historical Museum: “To connect people to Sturgis and its history through the faithful sharing of stories, accurate representation of citizens and the preservation of historical resources.”
Policelli wants the museum to be a place of education and interactivity.
While anticipating the opening of the freight house by June 1, plans got underway for the next set of displays in the south hall of the museum, including the Sturgis connection to World War II and a Korean War display.
“The next war, chronologically, is Vietnam,” Policelli said. “We decided to stick with the theme of the ’60s and ’70s for the rest of the exhibits. We’re looking for stories from people of Sturgis who participated in protest demonstrations from civil rights, to the American Indians movement, women’s movement or any other cause,” Policelli said.
Contributors may remain anonymous, but the museum wants stories for display and an oral history project.
Also new since last fall is Jackie Persing, who is now the president of the Sturgis Historical Society. The two of them working together has been a good fit, McConnell said. Mike Mort, former president, is still involved, and producing the movie “Dog Town,” set to premiere May 31.
Although the museum is on winter hours and open only for special events, private tours may be arranged.
Contact for Policelli: (269) 503-7440 or email@example.com.


text:
|What Happens When You Become an Authority?
An installation exploring one’s sense of knowing and assumptions based on societal roles. The piece was comprised mostly of pig intestine, grass, steel, toys, and fabric.
Text: Deucalion, a man from myths, who can create people from stones, has a dream in which he finds himself trapped inside a wall. His eyes are closed but he can feel with his hands that he is caught in a membrane. Each time he pushes against it, the surface peels off so that the wall can yield to his weight without allowing him to break through. After a while, he feels something push against the wall from the outside and recognizes other human voices, those which he himself has created. Even though they are standing close to the wall, they cannot hear his voice locked up inside. He again presses his hands to the wall and feels a touch push against his palm. Deucalion feels the contact of a ball bouncing against his palm. He listens again to hear the voices and discovers that they are children playing a game, operator. With each repetition of the story and return of the ball against his hands, Deucalion's emotions grow larger and larger, until, when he’s almost at the point of being crushed, his thumb punctures the surface. He pulls apart the wall and with his eyes, he peers through the opening and sees the children playing in the grass. They invite him to join their circle to finish the re-telling of the story. For every detail of the story he remembers and every elaboration he makes, he loses his authority and lets the tale come from memory.
Installed in the Rite Aid Pharmacy Window, Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC
Designed by Tori Ralston
Constructed by Tori Ralston and Cullen Zimmerman


text:
Every now and then someone in our creative community shares a few kind words about Laikonik and our products. In case you missed it, the gorgeous Esther from Babyccino kids did just that back in Feb. Plus she snapped some progress shots of her own special edition Once-A-Year Baby Journal that we think are simply lovely.
“I have written about the beautiful Once A Year Books from Autralian company Laikonik before, but now that I’ve started Casper’s book, I thought I should share them again. They’re just so beautiful. The concept is simple: once a year, a photo can be placed in the harmonica-style notebook, and a little story can be written on the page behind, highlighting key events that took place that specific year. There’s space for 18 photos, and to see all of the portraits after each other will give such a sweet overview of the growth and development of the child…
“I have Once A Year Books for all of my kids, and I think that once they’re 18 they will make such an amazing overview of their childhood! (They make very special newborn gifts too, especially this special edition with the wooden box and matching letter-pressed gift tag!) xxx Esther”
See the full write up here and check out our shop to pick out your own Once-A-Year book and start your child’s story.


text:
Bangladesh government today unblocked all social media platforms including Skype, Twitter, WhatsApp and Viber. Mobile phone operators and Internet service providers in the country resumed the services after getting a letter from the telecom regulator. Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission Chairman Shahjahan Mahmood told journalists that they have taken the move following instructions from the government authorities.
It may be recalled that in 2008, the military-backed caretaker government shut down mobile phone services during curfews but Internet access was left untouched. The reason for the more recent shutdowns had to do with the rejection of clemency appeals for former government leaders for war crimes dating back to its 1971 independence war.
The government closed down the Internet in the wake of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s hint at clamping restrictions on the Internet. Police had said they were having trouble tracking down saboteurs as they were communicating via the social media apps. Many small business suffered losses owing to difficulties in communication and the shut down was not a popular move.
Additional reporting by Tony Henderson