|Publication number||US6415642 B1|
|Application number||US 09/460,626|
|Publication date||Jul 9, 2002|
|Filing date||Dec 14, 1999|
|Priority date||Dec 14, 1999|
|Also published as||DE60035662D1, DE60035662T2, EP1109018A2, EP1109018A3, EP1109018B1|
|Publication number||09460626, 460626, US 6415642 B1, US 6415642B1, US-B1-6415642, US6415642 B1, US6415642B1|
|Inventors||Robert O. Crapo, Robert L. Jensen|
|Original Assignee||Hans Rudolph, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (9), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention is directed to a calibration apparatus for allowing the user of a DLco testing machine to check the ability of the machine to correctly measure carbon monoxide levels in a gas sample.
There are many different types of tests that are available to today's medical practitioners and pulmonary rehabilitation practitioners for testing various functions of the lung. Many types of diseases, such as emphysema, and injuries reduce the ability of gasses to transfer across the membrane that separates the interior gas spaces of the lungs from the pulmonary-capillary system. This membrane is often referred to as the alveolar-capillary membrane.
A number of somewhat related tests have been developed in order to test the function of this membrane without invasion into the lung by surgery or apparatus. These non-invasive tests take advantage of the manner in which carbon monoxide transfers across the membrane and in general measure the rate at which carbon monoxide diffuses across the human lung. The rate of carbon monoxide diffusion then provides the testor with information as to diffusion of other gasses, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide. Because the carbon monoxide reacts in certain ways with the hemoglobin, concentrations of the carbon monoxide in the blood (at least at the levels utilized in testing) are not relevant and a practitioner can calculate the diffusion of carbon monoxide across the membrane by knowing such factors as the initial concentration of carbon monoxide in the lungs, an elapsed time, and the final concentration of the carbon monoxide after the elapsed time. Such tests allow the calculation of a gas transfer factor for carbon monoxide which is generally referred to as the pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLco). While one principal testing technique is used for determining this factor, other techniques have been used in the past, have been proposed or may be developed in the future.
Various types of machines have been developed for conducting the pulmonary diffusion capacity test. Such machines typically deliver a known quantity of a test gas with known concentrations of various components to a patient wherein the test gas includes a small non-harmful and specific initial concentration of carbon monoxide, along with a tracer gas that does not cross the lung membrane and allows a user to calculate dilution of the test gas in the lungs. Some DLco testing machines require that the person being tested take several breaths from the machine before the testing begins to start programming. Other machines provide only a single test breath. Subsequently to receiving a test breath from the machine, the patient breathes out or exhales the gas that has been received from the machine back into the machine after a specific elapsed period of time. The machine then performs certain analysis on the test gas exhaled by the patient, normally to determine fairly accurately the exhaled concentration of carbon monoxide which will be less than the inhaled concentration since some will cross the lung membrane.
The present invention is not directed to the machine that delivers the test gas to the patient and receives the subsequent exhaled gas for analysis, but rather to an apparatus for testing the machine to insure that it is correctly analyzing the exhaled gasses. In order to check the calibration of the testing machine to determine whether it is accurate in measuring the carbon monoxide concentration in the exhaled gasses, it is important to mimic the testing procedure as much as possible in order to locate and identify problems not only with the carbon monoxide analyzer, but with the procedure for delivering the gas to the carbon monoxide analyzer.
While simply delivering a gas stream of a predetermined concentration of carbon monoxide to the carbon monoxide analyzer of the machine allows a technician to determine whether or not the machine can accurately determine the carbon monoxide concentration, such a test does not take into account other factors which may affect the analyzed carbon monoxide concentration when the test is run in a true medical environment with a patient. For example, it may be found that the testing machine is not correctly receiving the exhaled gas from the patient or that the tubing to the testing machine is too long and contains too much extraneous gas which then dilutes the gas sample, so as to provide an inaccurate analysis.
Consequently, it is important for the calibration apparatus to both provide a standardized gas of known carbon monoxide concentration, but also to provide the gas in a manner that is as realistic to the actual use with a patient as possible in order to insure that other factors do not cause the tester to incorrectly analyze the carbon monoxide gas concentration.
A DLco calibration syringe apparatus is provided for calibrating and insuring the accuracy of pulmonary testing machines that allow a patient to inhale a gas containing a low percentage of carbon monoxide and then, subsequently, receive back and analyze the exhaled gas from the patient to determine the percentage concentration of carbon monoxide after a given time period or sequence of events. The calibration apparatus includes a pair of adjacent syringes joined on one end by a gas flow passage that also communicates during use with the DLco testing machine. Flow through the gas passageway is controlled by a multi-position valve. The first of the syringes includes a piston slideably mounted in a chamber that is joined to the gas flow pathway and which receives a quantity of gas from the testing machine upon proper positioning of the valve. The receipt of the gas from the testing machine by the first syringe is designed to simulate inhalation of a breath by a patient of a predetermined amount of gas having a preselected concentration of carbon monoxide. The first syringe is calibrated by volume and may be utilized to simulate taking and delivering several breaths from the machine in a pre-breathing mode required by certain of such machines.
The second syringe also includes a cylinder with a piston mounted therein so as to form a chamber in communication with the gas flow passageway. The second chamber is filled with a quantity of test gas wherein the percentage concentration of at least the carbon monoxide in the test gas is known and, preferably, all of the concentrations of the components of the test gas are known with some precision. Normally, the remainder of the gasses in the test gas will include an inert gas that generally does not cross the lung membrane, such as methane, neon or helium and will have a concentration of oxygen similar to ambient air. The test gas may have other gasses in concentrations found in typical exhaled breaths. After a given period of time, for example, ten seconds, or after a series of events occurs, the valve in the gas passageway is routed so as to communicate the second syringe with the test machine and the syringe is operated by a user to discharge the test gas therein into the testing machine.
The apparatus also includes a fill system joined with a test gas sample tank that can be selectively flow connected with the second syringe chamber by the person administering the test, as well as a bleed valve to allow some of the test gas to pass through the gas passageway to purge other gasses positioned therein and a relief valve to prevent the second syringe from being over-pressurized.
Therefore, the objects of the present invention are: to provide a syringe calibration apparatus for calibrating DLco testing machines comprising a pair of closely mounted syringes having internal pistons slideably mounted within a cylinder to form a variable volume chamber therein; to provide such an apparatus wherein the internal chambers of the syringes are joined by a flow controllable gas passageway with each other and with the testing machine during usage; to provide such an apparatus wherein the first of the syringes is sized and shaped to receive a preselected volume of gas from the testing machine and the second syringe is sized and shaped to return a preselected volume of test gas to the testing machine with a preselected concentration of carbon monoxide; to provide such an apparatus wherein the gas flow passageway has relatively very little dead space between the second syringe and the test machine; to provide such an apparatus wherein the gas flow passageway provides a purge valve to allow purging of the passageway with test gas prior to usage; to provide such an apparatus wherein the first syringe chamber is operably joined with a supply of test gas under control of a fill valve; to provide such an apparatus wherein the syringe that receives gas from the test machine can be set to receive varying amounts of gas and designed to allow an operator to return the gas from the cylinder to the machine in certain pre-breathing modes; and to provide such a calibration apparatus which is relatively inexpensive to produce, easy to use, and especially well adapted for the intended usage thereof.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention.
The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a DLco syringe calibration apparatus in accordance with the present invention shown schematically joined with a test gas source and with a DLco testing machine.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the calibration syringe apparatus, taken along the line 2—2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the syringe calibration apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the syringe calibration apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a rear elevational view of the syringe calibration apparatus.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
The reference number 1 generally indicates a calibration apparatus in accordance with the present invention. The calibration apparatus 1 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as schematically joined to a standard test gas source 5 and a DLco testing machine 6.
The calibrating apparatus 1 includes a first syringe 10 and a second syringe 11 mounted in a frame 12 with a gas manifold 13 located on the front of the frame 12.
The first syringe 10 includes a cylindrical shaped body 17 within which is mounted a piston 18. The piston 18 includes a sealing member 19 around the perimeter thereof and is sized and shaped to slide within the interior surface 20 of the cylindrical member 17 in a manner such that the sealing member 19 seals as the piston 18 moves along the cylindrical member 17.
A rod 23 is centrally attached to the piston 18 and has an operator handle 24 located opposite the piston 18 an external of the cylindrical member 17. The rod 23 both provides stability to the piston 18 and allows an operator to position the piston 18 within the cylindrical member 17. The rod 23 includes a first fixed stop 26 which limits the range of motion of the piston 18 within the cylindrical shaped member 17 for purposes of stability. The rod 23 also has positioned thereon an adjustable second stop 27 which is positionable therealong to allow a user to select an initial position for the piston 18 within the cylindrical member 17. Located along the rod 23 is a calibrated rule 26 that allows a user to visually and accurately determine the position of the piston 18 relative to the cylindrical member 17.
The second syringe 11 also includes a cylindrical member 33 within which is mounted a piston 34 with a stabilizing and position adjusting rod 35. The rod 35 is mounted and secured to the center of the piston 34 and extends through the frame 12, as will be discussed below. The piston 34 also includes a circumferential and peripheral sealing O-ring 36 that seals with the cylindrical member 33 during use. The rod 35 includes a stop 37 to limit the maximum position to which the piston 34 may move within the cylindrical member 33 and an operator handle 38 located opposite the piston 34 outside of the cylindrical member 33.
The frame 12 comprises a front plate 43 and a rear plate 44 joined by six tie rods 45 located in opposing corners of the front plate 43 and rear plate 44 and between the cylindrical members 17 and 33. The front plate 43 includes a first recess 47 that is sized and shaped to snugly receive the cylindrical member 17 and a second recess 48, which is likewise sized and shaped to receive the cylindrical member 33. Sealing O-rings 49 and 50 also are positioned about the cylindrical members 17 and 33 respectively, and seal with the recesses 47 and 48 respectively. The rear plate 44 also includes a pair of recesses 54 and 55. The recess 54 is sized and shaped to snugly receive the cylindrical member 17 and includes an O-ring 56 for purpose of stability. Likewise the recess 55 is sized and shaped to receive the cylindrical member 33 and also includes an O-ring 57 for stability. The rear plate 44 also has apertures 60 and 61 therein which are aligned to slideably receive the rods 23 and 35 respectively. Positioned around the aperture 60 is a series of vent openings 64 passing horizontally through the rear plate 44 and connecting the rear interior of the cylindrical member 17 with ambient air. Likewise positioned around the aperture 61 are a series of vent openings 65.
The front plate 43 in the illustrated embodiment is integrally formed with the gas manifold 13, although it is foreseen that the two elements could be manufactured separately. The front plate 43 functions in cooperation with the pistons 18 and 34 and their associated cylindrical members 17 and 33 to form variable sized chambers 68 and 69 respectively. When the pistons 18 and 34 are positioned as close to the gas manifold 13 as possible and to the left as seen in FIG. 2, the chambers 68 and 69 are relatively very small in volume and the volume of the chamber 69 preferably approaches a zero volume as closely as possible when the piston 34 is near the manifold 13. As the pistons 18 and 34 move away from the gas manifold 13 and to the rear or right, as seen in FIG. 2, the chambers 68 and 69 grow in volume and function to receive selected gasses therein.
The gas manifold 13 extends forward of the front plate 43, as is seen in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. The gas manifold 13 includes a first gas passageway 72 and a second gas passageway 73 joined at a frontward end thereof by a multi positional valve 75. Ends of the passageways 72 and 73 opposite the valve 75 operably flow connect with the chambers 68 and 69 respectively. The valve 75 is also flow connected with a forward projecting coupling 76 that is sized and shaped to join with the gas discharge and receiving nozzle of a DLco testing machine 6. In this manner, the valve 75 may be set to allow flow from the testing machine 6 to the chamber 68 or alternatively, to allow flow from the chamber 69 to the testing machine 6. The valve 75 includes an operator control knob 78.
Third, fourth and fifth gas passageways 81, 82, and 83 also flow connect with the second gas passageway 73, as is shown in FIG. 2. The third gas passageway 81 is joined with a quick operating flow control valve 85 mounted on the front of the gas manifold 13. The valve 85 also operably flow connects with the standardized test gas source 5 during use and operably provides for an operator using gas from the source 5 to fill the chamber 69 by depression of the valve 85.
The fourth gas passageway 82 is joined to a relief valve 86 also mounted on the gas manifold 13 to safely relieve over-pressure in the chamber 68, should the chamber 68 inadvertently become over-pressurized. Furthermore, the fifth gas passageway 83 is joined by a valve 88 to a vent 89 mounted on the front of the gas manifold 13. The operation of the valve 88 and vent 89 function to allow a user to purge gas that enters the chamber 69 through the valve 85 and also through the second gas passageway 73 in order to assure that the gas in the second gas passageway 73 has a composition that is essentially consistent with the gas composition in the chamber 69.
In use the calibration apparatus 1 is joined to any of numerous types of DLco testing machines, such as are illustrated by the block 6 and to a source 5 of standardized test gas. The calibration apparatus 1 is then utilized much to mimic testing with a patient. In particular, the DLco testing machine will normally discharge a quantity of test gas into the patient, sometimes after offering several breaths of normal air to the patient in order to start machine programming or in other cases without such pre-breathing.
For pre-breathing, the operator manipulates the piston 18 in the syringe 10 to mimic breathing by a patient. The test gas will be similar in composition to air which may be humidified or otherwise treated to make it similar to a normal breath composition and which will include a small concentration of carbon monoxide, as well as a known quantity of an inert tracer gas. The carbon monoxide concentration may be varied with subsequent tests to insure the machine 6 is able to correctly analyze carbon monoxide from a range of patients who have different membrane diffusion, such as athletes and persons with emphysema. The valve 75 is initially set to allow the gas from the testing machine 6 to enter or flow into the chamber 68 through the first passageway 72. The piston 18 moves away from the gas manifold 13 as gas enters the chamber 68 thereby enlarging the chamber 68. The piston 18 may be pre-positioned relative to the cylindrical member 17 away from the gas manifold 13 by location of the second stop 27 therealong. Such positioning will be in accordance with the particular testing being conducted.
Once the gas has been delivered from the testing machine 6 to the chamber 68, either an elapsed time, such as 10 seconds, is allowed to occur or some series of events is allowed to occur, after which an exhalation of gas into the testing machine 6 occurs.
In particular, a quantity of a test gas with a known concentration of carbon monoxide, which is lower than the concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas discharged by the testing machine 6, is placed in the chamber 68 by operation of the valve 85.
Normally, the chamber 68 will have several volumes, for example 250 milliliters of test gas delivered to it which is then discharged to purge the chamber 68 and gas manifold 13 prior to final filling for conducting the test. The gas in the chamber 68 causes the piston 34 to retract or move away from the gas manifold 13 a preselected distance or until the stop 37 engages the rear plate 44. The valve 88 and vent 89 may then be operated in such a manner as to discharge some of the gas entering through the valve 85 in such a manner as to sweep or purge the second passageway 73 and thereby remove any stagnant or gas remaining therein, such as ambient air or from a previous test, if a purge has not already been completed. In this way the gasses in both the chamber 69 and the second passageway 73 have essentially the same composition, especially with respect to concentration of carbon monoxide. Normally gas will be positioned within the chamber 69 before the calibration or testing is done, but this step could be taken subsequent to the discharge of gas from the machine 6.
Subsequent to the lapse of a given period of time or a series of events, the valve 75 is set to flow connect the coupling 76 with the second passageway 73. The piston 34 is then urged toward the front of the cylindrical member 33, that is toward the gas manifold 13, by an operator pushing on the handle 38. This urges the gas that is then in the chamber 69 out of the chamber 69 due to compression of the chamber 69 and through the second passageway 73 to the DLco testing machine 6. The DLco testing machine then performs one or more analyses on the test gas to determine whether the DLco machine is correctly analyzing the concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas and/or whether there are any other problems associated with the system that cause the machine 6 to incorrectly analyze the carbon monoxide concentration within the test gas.
The coupling 76 is mounted as close to the valve 75 as possible, such that dead space, that could hold contaminated or ambient air is reduced to a minimum between the DLco testing machine 6 and the apparatus 1. Because the second gas passageway 73 is purged with test gas and the chance for contamination at the coupling 75 is reduced as much as possible, the gas analyzed by the testing machine 6 has very little likelihood of being contaminated or diluted with ambient air or other gas in the calibrating apparatus 1.
It is to be understood that while certain forms of the present invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangement of parts described and shown.
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|US4083367||Jul 28, 1976||Apr 11, 1978||Andros Incorporated||Method and apparatus for pulmonary function analysis|
|US4278636||Feb 15, 1980||Jul 14, 1981||Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft||Calibrating device for a breath alcohol measuring instrument|
|US4680956||Mar 24, 1986||Jul 21, 1987||Research And Education Institute, Inc. Harbor-Ucla Medical Center||Respiratory analyzer calibration apparatus with controlled respiratory gas exchange simulation|
|US5022406||Dec 22, 1989||Jun 11, 1991||Tomlinson Harold W||Module for determining diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide and method|
|US5119825||Feb 25, 1991||Jun 9, 1992||Medical Graphics Corporation||Multi-functional patient valve|
|US5193551||Jul 27, 1990||Mar 16, 1993||Pilipski M||Phantom assembly to verify accuracy of a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity measuring device|
|US5243982 *||Jul 18, 1991||Sep 14, 1993||Avl Medical Instruments Ag||Device for determining the concentration of at least one substance in organic tissue|
|US5386833||Dec 23, 1993||Feb 7, 1995||Biochem International, Inc.||Method for calibrating a carbon dioxide monitor|
|US5616822 *||Nov 12, 1993||Apr 1, 1997||The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland, A British Corporation Sole||Calibration systems|
|US5826577||Jan 30, 1996||Oct 27, 1998||Bacharach, Inc.||Breath gas analysis module|
|WO1999046572A1 *||Mar 8, 1999||Sep 16, 1999||True Technology, Inc.||Method and apparatus for detection of leaks in hermetic packages|
|1||Pulmonary Function Testing Guidelines and Controversies, Chapter 16, Antonius L. Van Kessel, B.S., RCPT p. 165-185, Copyright(C) 1982 by Academic Press, Inc. Month Not Given.|
|2||Pulmonary Function Testing Guidelines and Controversies, Chapter 16, Antonius L. Van Kessel, B.S., RCPT p. 165-185, Copyrightę 1982 by Academic Press, Inc. Month Not Given.|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US7814774||Mar 27, 2006||Oct 19, 2010||Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam||Method and apparatus for evaluation of a device for measuring lung diffusion capacity|
|US7972415||Dec 11, 2008||Jul 5, 2011||Spx Corporation||Membrane-based compressed air breathing system|
|US8833133||Jun 1, 2010||Sep 16, 2014||Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam||Apparatus for evaluation of a device for measuring lung diffusion capacity|
|US9186090 *||Nov 20, 2012||Nov 17, 2015||Nspire Health, Inc.||Method and system for DLCO quality control testing|
|US20090038371 *||Mar 27, 2006||Feb 12, 2009||Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam||Method and Apparatus for Evaluation of a Device for Measuring Lung Diffusion Capacity|
|US20100150773 *||Dec 11, 2008||Jun 17, 2010||Fox Timothy J||Membrane-based compressed air breathing system|
|US20100312134 *||Jun 1, 2010||Dec 9, 2010||Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam||Apparatus for Evaluation of a Device for Measuring Lung Diffusion Capacity|
|US20140142454 *||Nov 20, 2012||May 22, 2014||Nspire Health, Inc.||Method and system for DLCO quality control testing|
|EP2733485A1||Nov 15, 2013||May 21, 2014||nSpire Health, Inc.||Method and system for DLCO quality control testing|
|U.S. Classification||73/1.05, 73/1.06|
|Feb 28, 2000||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: HANS RUDOLPH, INC., MISSOURI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CRAPO, ROBERT O.;JENSEN, ROBERT L.;REEL/FRAME:010641/0918
Effective date: 19991210
|Sep 12, 2005||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 9, 2009||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 8, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


Sam Darnold, Cameron Smith, Iman Marshall named AP preseason All-Americans Reign of Troy.
Award watch list season is drawing to a close, but not before the Walter Camp Foundation released its list of 50 players worthy of consideration ... Marcus Allen and O.J. Simpson (twice). USC quarterback Cody Kessler and linebacker Su’a Cravens each.
And Cody Simpson shared a photo of himself with one of his famous friends, actress Nina Dobrev. The 20-year took to Instagram to post a snap of himself with the 28-year-old Vampire Diaries star at what appears to be a cosy restaurant. 'My two favourite .
Brett Gilchrist was one of four Central Texas players named first-team all-state ... Amarillo Highland Park; Cody Peters, Rogers; Tyler Prazak, Rockdale; Chauncey Rich, Red Oak Life; Skylar Simpson, New Diana; Clayton Stuart, Newton.
Cody Simpson is working to maintain his fit physique, but he's showing it off in the process. On Thursday, the singer went for a run in Beverly Hills, but decided to forego a shirt for the workout. The Australian flaunted his muscles and tattoos while.
The award is considered by many to be the most prestigious honor bestowed upon a Wyoming high school athlete and is named in honor of the late Milward Simpson, a former Wyoming governor and United States Senator from Cody. Simpson served as the team.
In an era where players ' facial expressions are televised in close-ups, unhappy reactions to decisions are known immediately. "The hard part is that everyone always wants to talk about it, and every expression is caught on camera and everything is.
And Cody Simpson displayed his defined abs and ripped torso while out running in Beverly Hills on Tuesday. The 20-year-old singer revealed his bulging biceps and washboard abs as he hit the pavement in just a pair of workout shorts, which slung low on .
He's the prodigious singer who was discovered on YouTube and signed to Atlantic Records at just 13 years of age. And on Sunday, Cody Simpson revealed fellow Justin Bieber, 23, has been a strong source of support in his life. Speaking to Stellar.
He's the Gold Coast native that's gone on to forge a successful career as a musician. And proving his appeal, Cody Simpson has been announced as one of Bonds' ambassadors for their Home Grown campaign. A photo shoot saw the 20-year-old show off his .
Meanwhile the Duke and Duchess of Windsor — that is former King Edward VIII, who had abdicated the throne, and his new wife, Wallis Warfield Simpson — arrived in ... airplane appeared to be in the lead. In football, Fordham was battling Princeton.
39;New mixtape dropping soon': Shirtless singer Cody Simpson flaunts muscle-bound chest in hilarious video of himself rapping. By Candice ... And Cody Simpson , 20, displayed his ripped upper frame during a shirtless video uploaded to Instagram on Friday.
Named overall N.C ... five Division I scholarship players. Two-time all-conference pick in North Piedmont 3A/4A. OL: ALEX GOURLEY, SOUTH IREDELL, 6-1, 284, JR: Has college interest from Brigham Young, Clemson, Davidson, Duke and East Carolina.


Genuine Xerox 016192400 Imaging Drum Yellow (30,000 Pages) for Xerox Phaser 2135 Printers
If you are looking for a replacement drum for your Xerox laser printer, the Imaging Drum Yellow (30,000 Pages) (016192400) can help ensure you quickly resume all printing tasks with minimal fuss. The high quality drum has been built to perfectly fit the manufacturer’s laser printers, ensuring the output of the machine never suffers as a result of the replacement.
For use with Phaser 2135 laser printers, this original replacement drum can help ensure you continue printing to the same high standards. Well suited to busy workplaces which place high demand upon their laser printer, the Imaging Drum Yellow (30,000 Pages) (016192400) can be fitted into the machine in a simple and timely fashion.
If the quality of prints produced by your laser printer start to deteriorate, the first thing you should check is the toner level. If the toner is at an appropriate level, then the cause of the deteriorating print quality may be the drum. If the drum is old or starting to struggle, it is far cheaper to replace the component than the whole printer.
Whether you are investing in replacement drums for a home or work printer, replacing the component is incredibly simple. The majority of laser printers’ user manuals will include a detailed and easy-to-follow guide to help you replace the old cartridge drum efficiently, getting the printer working again in no time.
At Printerland, we stock everything you need to ensure your laser printer continues operating to the highest standards for longer. Our team is made up of manufacturer trained professionals who will help you identify the right drum for your printer and your needs, ensuring the quality of your printed output is never compromised.
|Product Type||Imaging Drum|
**Page yields are declared by the manufacturer in accordance with ISO/IEC standards or occasionally estimated based on 5% per page coverage. Yields will vary greatly depending on image, area coverage, print mode and environmental conditions.


text:
The new high-level U.S.-EU Cyber Dialogue announced at the 2014 U.S.-EU Summit will formalize and broaden cooperation on cyber issues, building on shared commitments and achievements in key areas. This strategic dialogue will be the platform for close U.S.-EU coordination on:
- International cyberspace developments;
- Promotion and protection of human rights online;
- International security issues, such as norms of behavior in cyberspace, cyber security confidence building measures, and application of existing international law; and
- Cybersecurity capacity building in third countries.
- White House, "FACT SHEET: U.S.-EU Cyber Cooperation" (Mar. 26, 2014) (full-text).

domain: news


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Race Winner: Denny Hamlin of Joe Gibbs Racing (Toyota)
Stage 1 Winner: Kyle Larson of Hendrick Motorsports (Chevrolet)
Stage 2 Winner: Denny Hamlin of Joe Gibbs Racing (Toyota)
Stage 1 Recap (Laps 1-80):
● Kevin Harvick started fifth and finished eighth, earning three bonus points.
● After getting up to second place on the opening lap, the No. 4 Subway Delivery Ford Mustang dropped to 10th by lap seven.
● Harvick steadily rallied, clawing his way back to sixth by lap 13.
● “Need some rear grip, early center (of the corner) both ends (of the track),” said Harvick on lap 25 while running sixth.
● Pitted for four tires and fuel on lap 28 during competition caution. Gained one spot in the pits to restart in fifth place.
● Some contact with Matt DiBenedetto on lap 35 caused some slight right-front fender damage to the No. 4 Subway Delivery Ford.
● Harvick maintained fifth place until lap 55 when William Byron got by, sending Harvick to sixth.
● “Something’s not right here, Rodney,” said Harvick on lap 58 to crew chief Rodney Childers. “I think it’s the tire.”
● Dropped to seventh on lap 59 and then to eighth on lap 67. Held on to eighth through the end of the stage.
● Harvick said he needed his car to turn better late center exit.
● Pitted for four tires and fuel with a track bar adjustment and tire pressure changes at the end of the stage.
Stage 2 Recap (Laps 81-160):
● Harvick started ninth and finished eighth, earning three bonus points.
● “Feel like I need it to turn mid-center, late-center better,” said Harvick while running eighth on lap 92.
● Harvick took advantage of caution and pitted for four tires and fuel on lap 93, with the pit crew working on that right-front fender.
● Lined up 14th for lap-99 restart and was 11th by lap 110.
● “Sideways all the sudden in traffic,” said Harvick on lap 122 after dropping back to 13th.
● Rallied to eighth at the end of the stage as Harvick was able to stay out on fuel mileage while others ahead of him were forced to pit.
● Pitted for four tires and fuel with a track bar adjustment at the end of the stage.
Final Stage Recap (Laps 161-267):
● Harvick started sixth and finished ninth.
● The No. 4 Subway Delivery Ford Mustang had dropped to eighth by lap 177 as both Brad Keselowski and Kurt Busch got by.
● Byron passed Harvick on lap 187, taking eighth and sending Harvick to ninth.
● Ryan Blaney took ninth from Harvick on lap 197, sending Harvick to 10th.
● Made scheduled, green flag pit stop on lap 214 for four tires and fuel.
● Harvick was back up to 10th by lap 223. He took ninth on lap 224, eighth on lap 226 and then seventh on lap 229.
● Keselowsi took seventh place back on lap 250, sending Harvick to eighth.
● Busch nipped Harvick for eighth on the final lap and Harvick crossed the stripe in ninth.
● Harvick earned his 20th top-10 of the season and his 13th top-10 in 25 career NASCAR Cup Series starts at Las Vegas.
● Harvick’s 13 top-10s at Las Vegas are the most among active NASCAR Cup Series drivers.
● This was Harvick’s fourth straight top-10. He finished fifth Sept. 4 at Darlington (S.C.) Raceway, eighth Sept. 11 at Richmond (Va.) Raceway, and second in the series’ prior race at Bristol (Tenn.) Motor Speedway.
● This was Harvick’s 10th straight top-15, a streak that began July 11 with an 11th-place finish at Atlanta Motor Speedway.
● Denny Hamlin won the South Point 400 to score his 46th career NASCAR Cup Series victory, his second of the season and his first at Las Vegas. His margin over second-place Chase Elliott was .442 of a second.
● There were four caution periods for a total of 21 laps.
● Only 12 of the 38 drivers in the South Point 400 finished on the lead lap.
Kevin Harvick, driver of the No. 4 Subway Delivery Ford Mustang for Stewart-Haas Racing:
“That was about what we had tonight. We got the right-front fender nicked up a little bit, but that didn’t really change the car, so we lucked out on that. We battle and gained ground on it. That is what we wanted to do – not give it all away today. We were able to gain ground and we’ll go from there.”
Playoff Standings (with two races to go before Round of 8):
1. Denny Hamlin (3,082 points) 1 win
2. Kyle Larson (3,096 points) +57
3. Kyle Busch (3,074 points) +35
4. Martin Truex Jr. (3,070 points) +31
5. Ryan Blaney (3,063 points) +24
6. Chase Elliott (3,061 points) +22
7. Joey Logano (3,045 points) +6
8. Brad Keselowski (3,043 points) +4
9. William Byron (3,039 points) -4
10. Kevin Harvick (3,036 points) -7
11. Alex Bowman (3,030 points) -13
12. Christopher Bell (3,018 points) -25
The next event on the NASCAR Cup Series schedule is the YellaWood 500 on Sunday, Oct. 3 at Talladega (Ala.) Superspeedway. It is the fifth race of the 10-race playoffs and the second race in the Round of 12. It starts at 2 p.m. EDT with live coverage provided by NBC and SiriusXM NASCAR Radio.


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Check off three unforgettable cities on this whirlwind 10-day tour starting with Bogotá's Spanish colonial sites and buzzing nightlife. You'll then fly to the heart of Colombia's Zona Cafetera for an overnight at a coffee farm where you'll hike the green mountains of Cocora Valley, dotted with towering palm trees. From here, head to Medellín—a city with outdoor art and spring-like weather—before ending on the Caribbean coast where you'll explore the romantic streets of Cartagena's Old Town.
DE UNA Colombia Tours
DE UNA gives you the opportunity to really get to know Colombia. During our tours, we show you Colombia how it is, and we don’t just want to visit the most beautiful sites but also encourage interaction with the local population.
Frequently during our tours, you will find yourself taking part in the local way of life. Our style of traveling, the sites visited, the modes of transport and the places of accommodation are chosen in accordance with our philosophy of traveling mentioned above.
As guides, we don’t just want to serve as “the guide” or as the person who organizes and accompanies the tour. Instead, we also strive to be active participants in making the travel experience of the group the best in can be and provide the best information possible. We'll give recommendations about good places to eat and drink locally, and we'll advise about the best places to go out, to show you why we like Colombia so much.
Featured trips & expertise
From the buzzing nightlife of Bogotá to the up-and-coming neighborhoods of Medellín and romance of Cartagena's Old Town, this well-rounded journey covers Colombia's best urban highlights, and yet breaks it up with outdoorsy adventures along the way. Starting in the capital, the two-week adventure is ideal for travelers who want to experience culture and historic sights, but who are also enticed by hiking in coffee fields, exploring a rainforest on the Caribbean Coast, and relaxing on white-sand beaches.
Colombia is a big country, and extremely diverse. It’s easy to find little-visited places of interest and intrigue tucked in the folds of the Andes or otherwise off the well-trodden path. Some are in areas that have only recently become safe to visit, such as Área Natural Única Los Estoraques. Others, such as Mompox or Capurgana, simply require a bit of planning to get to. The following 7 cool places are well worth seeking out to escape the masses.
This scenic two-week trip loops around Colombia's interior, focusing on two of Latin America’s most exciting cities and one of its best national parks: Sierra Nevada del Cocuy. Though it’s harder to get to, El Cocuy boasts stunning mountains, glaciers, waterfalls and lakes, and plenty of hiking trails, so this adventure is ideal for travelers who want to explore a lesser-known slice of Colombia's great outdoors. You'll also have time to explore Bogotá and Medellín, as well as the Colombian Highlands, Río Claro Nature Reserve, and Guatapé's lakeside region.
The Amazon rainforest is the world’s green lung, a beautiful but actually quite fragile region where strange and exotic birds and animals share their forest home with hunter-gatherer jungle tribes, and where you can leave the motorized, industrialized world behind and disappear off into the jungle, or just take a boat ride up the world’s mightiest river, check out the wildlife and meet the indigenous people. Way off the beaten track, this is our guide to this remote and exotic region.

domain: geography


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Do you recognize this man? Police looking for suspect who reportedly punched someone in the face at B.C. mall
Mounties in Burnaby say they're looking for a suspect after he reportedly punched someone in the face at a local mall. (Burnaby RCMP handout)
VANCOUVER -- Mounties in Burnaby are looking for a man they say punched another man in the face at a local mall.
According to Burnaby RCMP, the incident happened late last month. A witness told officers he saw a man and a woman arguing outside Metrotown.
When he tried to step in as their argument continued inside the mall, the suspect reportedly punched the witness in the face.
The man and the woman then left the area. Police say the witness wasn't badly injured.
Mounties have since released a photo of the suspect, describing him as white, in his mid-40s and about 6' tall. He was wearing a blue dress shirt and black dress pants at the time of the incident, which was at about 6:30 p.m. on May 28.
Anyone who recognizes the suspect or has additional information is asked to call Burnaby RCMP at 604-646-9999 and quote file 21-18607.

domain: law


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HORRIBLE! typical violife rubbery texture, which i could put up with if this didn't taste so vile! i hate wasting food, but this went in the bin!
i love violife cheese but this one doesn't taste g
i love violife cheese but this one doesn't taste good at all for some reason, it was horrible!
Lovely Tasting Vegan Cheese
This has now become my favourite vegan cheese. It really is delicious and close to the dairy sort in terms of taste....use sparingly I'd say. Please keep on stocking it Tesco !
A favourite of mine
I prefer this over normal cheddar cheese. It tastes creamy but not too strong and it's great melted too.
This is not for cheese lovers. The block has a distinctive coconut taste, and is not at all "mature", except perhaps if you are a habitual soap eater.
Only one word I can think of. Vile. I don't hate Violife, I'm not a competitor. I actually love their "Creamy" and have swapped a vegan palm oil free butter substitute for that as it's much lower calories and really tasty (yes, as a butter sub, try it, nice neutral flavour) ) but sorry, this is as bad as all the other coconut based cheese alternatives and utterly horrible. Now what am I going to do with the other 195g?
Not like dairy cheese but good texture and great t
Not like dairy cheese but good texture and great taste. It's made it easy to give up dairy for good.
Love this cheese but there's a sudden big price h
Love this cheese but there's a sudden big price hike of 60p. That's a bit excessive.
Definitely one to try
This is definitely a lovely tasting cheese. Slightly Smokey taste. Will be buying again.
This was the first time I have tried dairy free cheese and I couldn't believe how lovely it is. A bit too salty but otherwise brilliant

domain: food


The Adamawa State Command of the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) last year apprehended 128 foreigners who attempted to acquire the National Identity Card.
The Command Comptroller, Sule Wunti, disclosed this on Wednesday in Yola in a review of the activities of the command for 2016.
Mr. Wunti said those arrested comprised 63 Cameroonians, 31 Chadians, 27 Nigeriens and seven Malians.
He said that the command processed 39 applications for Regularization of Stay, 56 for Combine Expatriate Resident Permit Aliens Card (CERPAC) and 92 for extension of visitor pass in 2016.
“Due to current border closure that affects Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states, 20 non-Nigerians were repatriated and three non-Nigerians were refused admission. They are a Cameroonian, a Chinese and Norwegian nationals.”
Mr. Wunti further disclosed that 17 foreigners were currently serving various jail terms in Adamawa prisons.
He said the command lost four staff last year, while 121 staff were promoted.
Mr. Wunti said that the command generated a revenue of over N80 million.
“Despite these modest achievement in the year 2016 the command couldn’t tap its full potential due to some challenges such as inadequate logistics, permanent office structure and accommodation for both senior and junior staff alike.
“However, the command will do its best in offering prompt and efficient service to those in need of our facilities which includes both foreigners and Nigerians alike,” Mr. Wunti said.
He said the state command has one area office, 13 Control Posts and 10 Border Patrol Bases.
Highlight of the briefing was the decoration of some newly promoted officers with their new ranks.


A global technology company awarded Keysource a major data centre capacity expansion project in Hamburg, Germany, following a competitive tender process. The project included the design and build of an additional 400 rack data hall with 1MW of IT capacity and a concurrently maintainable solution.
The decision to convert the existing two storey building comes due to the unprecedented demand for its services which include communications, network services, security, cloud solutions, voice and managed services.
Keysource was selected on the basis of its expert engagement, detailed understanding of the requirement and proven pedigree in critical upgrade projects.
The live critical upgrade was completed working around existing IT services zero disruption. The installation includes new transformer, UPS, switchgear and busbar. An existing chilled water ring has been adapted, new cooling units, racks, cold aisle containment system and BMS installed.
This project also included a number of intricate works, such as road closures, complex lifting through the side of the building and the internal construction of the data hall in a live operating facility.


Xuyuan was found to have accepted bribes totalling millions during his tenure in office from 2010 to 2023, a court in central Hubei province ruled.
Former China FA President jailed for life for accepting bribes
A former president of the China Football Association, Chen Xuyuan, has been sentenced to life in prison following an anti-corruption probe.
According to Xinhua news agency, China’s official state broadcaster, Xuyuan used his position to aid others in matters regarding project contracting, investment operations and sports events arrangements.
His sentencing follows a huge anti-corruption probe in the country, which saw high-level football officials subjected to an inquiry.
Chinese football has often been tagged with allegations of corruption, with some fans linking the poor performance of the national team to issues of graft.
A documentary series aired on national television showed Xuyuan confessing to receiving backpacks each containing $41,600 from two local football officials who wanted him to “take care of them.”
The ex-Chinese FA boss is said to have received bribes to the tune of $11.2 million, an act the court said has caused “tremendous damage” to the sport in the Asian country.
Meanwhile, Xuyuan was not the only top official who was jailed, as former executive deputy secretary general of the Chinese FA, Chen Yongliang, has also been sentenced to 14 years in prison.
The FA’s former vice president Yu Hongchen and the former general manager of the Chinese Super League, Dong Zheng, have equally been sentenced to 13 and eight years, respectively.
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Enchanted Tops Us Box Officeby Contributor | | 26 November 2007
A new fairytale about a Princess having to deal with the evil plans of a Wicked witch has topped the US box office this week.
Enchanted cast a spell on US audiences over the Thanksgiving weekend, securing with over $50 million (£24.2 million) in takings.
The new children's picture from Disney starts off as an animated film until the elegant monarch-to-be is transported into real life New York city by a conniving sorceress played by Susan Sarandon.
The light-hearted quest to find Prince Charming achieved the second-best ever opening over the period, with only Toy Story doing better business following an $80.1 million (£38.8 million) debut at US cinemas.
Disney president of distribution Chuck Viane told Variety magazine: "People wanted to go out and really be entertained, and Enchanted is one of those unbelievably entertaining movies.
"People were in the mood to laugh. It's been a very heavy fall, and we gave them an opportunity to enjoy themselves."
Another light-hearted family comedy, This Christmas, achieved the second-highest takings over the five-day period - securing $27 million (£13.08 million) in ticket sales this week.
Animated film Beowulf, starring Angelina Jolie, came in third. The movie, which topped the charts last week, grossed $23.3 million (£11.28 million) over the period.
New release Hitman, based on a popular video game, also attracted audiences to the big screen. The film, which charts the adventures of a hired killer, brought in $21 million (£10.17 million) in a weekend that saw many new films open for release.


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In the paper ‘COVID-19 vaccine boosters for young adults: a risk–benefit assessment and ethical analysis of mandate policies at universities,’ Bardosh et al argued that college mandates of the COVID-19 booster vaccine are unethical. The authors came to this conclusion by performing three different sets of comparisons of benefits versus risks using referenced data and argued that the harm outweighs the risk in all three cases. In this response article, we argue that the authors frame their arguments by comparing values that are not scientifically or reasonably comparable and that the authors used values that represent grossly different risk profiles and grouped them into a set of figures to create an illusion of fair comparisons. We argue that absent the falsely skewed portrayals of a higher level of risk over benefit in their misrepresented figures, the five ethical arguments they presented completely fall apart.
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Contributors Manuscript and analysis by LLL and TN contributed to the editing, review and analysis of this manuscript.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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domain: medical


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Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 shocked the world and had quick economic and political consequences. EO additional expands the scope of the multiple pre-existing executive orders regarding Russia and Ukraine typically stemming from Russia’s prior invasion of the Crimean Peninsula of Ukraine in 2014. Consider updating IP threat factors (e.g., in Form 10-K, Form S-1, etc .) and/or license provisions to mirror the present scenario in impacted countries.
In most circumstances, a law firm and legislation office are listed underneath the same name. Arzinger & Partners in Belarus is an unbiased nationwide law firm established by Belarusian and German skilled attorneys. For occasion, a companion in a law firm receives a license and acts as an individual advocate. Our lawyers have legal experience to handle complicated property points together with other professionals similar to accountants, banks and surveyors and are able to make introductions to other specialists. Particularly, these are the web sites of the Belarusian National Bar Association, territorial bar associations. Our group of litigation attorneys has in depth experience of private and business points.
Un World Compact Calls On Business To Behave In Response To Humanitarian Disaster In Ukraine
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The founder of Manaar Legal Consultancy included and working within the United Arab Emirates to serve the region , with a stable historical past main corporate issues, enterprise transactions and sophisticated corporate points. Having a bachelor’s degree in regulation from London UK/ University of Westminster. Jawad Khalaf is experienced in civil, criminal, and commercial litigation and represents international banks in high-stakes disputes. Substantial background in reviewing, drafting, negotiating and managing commercial contracts, agreements and transactions, with strong organizational talents and cultural enterprise awareness.
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PLAYER NEWS Own for Only $--
- Chris Crocker has been working with the first-team defense in practice and appears to have a shot to win the starting strong safety job.
- Update: Chris Crocker's one-year deal with the Vikings is worth $955,000.
- Vikings signed free-agent S Chris Crocker.
- The Bengals likely will not re-sign impending free-agent S Chris Crocker.
|Game||Score||Opp||TKL||AST||SCK||SFTY||FF||FFREC||Pass Def||DST TDs|
|11 Sep||W 25 - 16||@ Titans||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|18 Sep||W 17 - 14||Packers||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|25 Sep||W 22 - 10||@ Panthers||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|03 Oct||W 24 - 10||Giants||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|09 Oct||W 31 - 13||Texans||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|23 Oct||L 21 - 10||@ Eagles||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|31 Oct||L 20 - 10||@ Bears||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|06 Nov||L 22 - 16||Lions||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|13 Nov||L 26 - 20||@ Redskins||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|20 Nov||W 30 - 24||Cardinals||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|24 Nov||L 16 - 13||@ Lions||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|01 Dec||L 17 - 15||Cowboys||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|11 Dec||W 25 - 16||@ Jaguars||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|18 Dec||L 34 - 6||Colts||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|24 Dec||L 38 - 25||@ Packers||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
|01 Jan||W 38 - 10||Bears||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|
Vikings TEAM NEWS Own for Only $--
- Hodges had two receptions for 54 yards, including a 21-yard touchdown, in Friday's preseason loss at Seattle.
- Sendejo did not play in Friday's preseason loss to Seattle due to an undisclosed injury, the St. Paul Pioneer Press reports.
- Kearse left Friday's preseason loss to Seattle in the first half due to a wrist injury, the St. Paul Pioneer Press reports.
- Diggs caught 4-of-5 passes for 65 yards in Friday's preseason Week 2 loss to the Seahawks.
- Cook rushed seven times for 40 yards and caught 1-of-3 targets for 10 yards during Friday's preseason Week 2 loss in Seattle.
- Bradford completed 7-of-11 passes for 95 yards and added a four-yard rush in Week 2 of preseason Friday at Seattle.

domain: sports


The prime minister of the Hamas administration in the Gaza Strip, Ismail Haniyeh, has arrived in Tehran at the start of a three-day visit.
Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh at ceremonies marking the 33rd anniversary of Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution on February 11
Iranian state television said Haniyeh was set to meet with Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and President Mahmud Ahmadinejad for talks on the latest developments in the Middle East.
He is also scheduled to give a speech at ceremonies marking the 33rd anniversary of Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution on February 11.
Ismail Haniyeh With President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Iran, which does not recognize the state of Israel, is a supporter of Hamas but denies providing any financial or military aid to the Palestinian Islamist militia.
Hamas and the Fatah faction of Palestinian Authority President Mahmud Abbas, which runs the West Bank, this week agreed to form a unity government in a deal denounced by Israel.
Compiled from agency reports
... Payvand News - 02/11/12 ... --


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Square Invitation Envelope – 5 ½” x 5 ½ ”. Sophisticated square flap and secure gum seal. Great for laser or inkjet printers. Fits 5 ¼ x 5 ¼ inch and smaller invitations and cards. Free inside printing.
The 5.5" x 5.5" envelopes require additional postage. Check with your local post office or www.usps.com to determine the amount of additional postage required.
Your business and personal mailings will stand out with this smooth, vibrant, matte, 80lb text-weight paper. Contains 50% recycled content (10% post-consumer and 40% pre-consumer waste).
Original little bone design by Andie of Off-Leash. Fun designs especially for dog lovers and pet industry professionals. Find also Dog Breed Address Labels in our store in matching prints and colors. Coordinates with:

domain: design


The safety lever is made of steel and measures 4 1/8" long. The detent protrusion is located 3 3/4" from the beginning of the lever.
Bolt hold open notch.
The best part is that the extended tab is located high enough that it will fit on AKs with underfolder stocks WITHOUT notching or modifying the stock's folding arm.
Fully compatible with the AK Master Mount side railTM mounting hardware and with the same corrision resistant Black-TTM finish.
AKM pattern, but the distal end is shortened to prevent the lever's end from hanging below the bottom edge of the AK receiver. It fits stamped AKM styled receivers.
Enhanced AK Safety Lever
We have taken the traditional AKM safety lever and enhanced it for the modern AK user. The AK Master MountTM version of the AK safety lever has an extended side tab, bolt-hold open feature, and is fully compatible with the AK Master MountTM side rail mounting hardware.


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“It’s the holidays,” the Buffalo County man told me. “It’s time to enjoy all we have here.” This farmer will be joining many others who take time to travel the Great River Road during the Holiday Season.
Communities along the Mississippi River are rolling out the welcome mat for holiday travelers. They want you to come and enjoy the season in the snow covered hills and historical river towns.
This month’s Midwest Living features a story about Christmas along the river. Writer Jeff Hoffert and photographer John Noltner explore Minnesota and Wisconsin towns along more than 100 miles of the river.
Alma, Pepin, Stockholm, Maiden Rock and Fountain City are mentioned in the magazine’s review of great places. But the article just touches the tip of what the Coulee and Chippewa Valley communities offer visitors. Many of the seasonal festivities begin Saturday and Sunday December 6th and 7th.
Your Wisconsin River trip begins at Prescott. The Friends of Freedom Park host the Holiday Bazaar at the Great River Road Visitors and Learning Center. The breathtakingly beautiful park is located high above the St. Croix River. Local artists date their tradition back to the 1930s with the founding of the Prescott Little Colony Art Group. Many artists and craftspeople will show and sell their art including the current artists of the Little Colony.
A little way down river, the Old Fashioned Christmas celebration in Maiden Rock offers carriage rides, food and good cheer. Demonstrations and workshops on knitting and textile crafts and a free ornament making workshop for children are just a few of the opportunities. Travel further down the road to the famous little village of Stockholm where Santa roams and fresh holiday pies are baking. Your horse drawn wagon awaits and around every corner fresh local food, art, crafts and other treasurers abound.
A few miles south, St. Nick hosts the Pepin’s Home Town Holiday. There are church bazaars, wagon rides and a cookie walk that will sell out by noon. Up the road, Wisconsin celebrates in Durand and Downsville at the galleries of Jean Accola and John Thomas.
In Alma you can tour historic homes and buildings decked out for the holidays, visit more than a dozen galleries and shops, a medieval museum and view the eagles while surrounded by warmth and art at Wings Over Alma.
The Christmas joy continues down river in Fountain City at what is boasted to be the largest Holiday Craft Fair in the area and The Taste of an Irish Christmas at the Monarch – the longest serving pub in Wisconsin.
Though not part of the 100 miles of Christmas, many other communities gather for their traditional holiday celebrations. Parade goers will bundle up and enjoy festivities in Trempealeau, Whitehall and Menomonie. Black River Falls and Eau Claire celebrate the delight and charm of holiday season this weekend with Old World Traditions in Black River Falls and sleigh rides, tree lighting and caroling along the confluence of the Chippewa and the Eau Claire Rivers in beautiful Eau Claire.
Opportunities to enjoy holiday music and festive theatre productions abound in Eau Claire, Stockholm and at the Old Main in Galesville. And you can take time to relax from the holiday bustle at one of the fantastic wineries in our area. They will offer wine tastings and special treats throughout the month of December.
Listed below is a small sampling of local events. Check area newspapers and local media outlets for other holiday events and festivals. Businesses and communities can post events and travelers can contact locals for more details at http://100milesofchristmas.org
Alma Christmas House Walk (2:30pm-7:30pm)
Whitehall Festival of Trees Parade
Pepin Hometown Holidays (also December 6 and 7)
Black River Falls Christkindl Festival (also December 6)
Whitehall Santa Day and Craft Fair
Stockholm Country Christmas (10am-6pm)
Maiden Rock Old Fashioned Christmas
Prescott Holiday Bazaar at Freedom Park
Eau Claire Christmastime in the City (12:00 – 5:00pm)
Fountain City Holiday Craft Fair (9am-4pm) and Taste of Irish Christmas
Trempealeau Holiday Parade
December 6 – 13:
Wisconsin Celebrates in Durand and Downsville (10am-5pm)
Menomonie Winterdaze Parade

domain: travel


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The role of the teacher in the complete personality development of a student
The professional development of teachers chapter 3 the role and function ing of schools are changing and so is what is retain a h igh-quality teacher workforce. The role of effective development of a student personality of any student depend upon personality of teacher, teacher student relationship. He points out that student motivation and www site for teacher development, at the role of motivation in drill and practice. The rights and responsibilities of teachers and students and repair damage to the student-teacher the right to not complete. The teacher's role in developing social skills by: can do to foster and promote social development in the student work in pairs to complete.
The role of the teacher in the complete personality development of a student significance of personality development for a student – pramod kumar recently, a student approached me seeking help to resolve his personal problems. Personality development has drawn the interest of what factors play the most important role in the formation of personality failure to complete these. Consult the centre for teaching excellence teaching tip re-stimulate student interest, dc: school of education and human development, george washington. From edutopiaorg's assessment professional development guide teachers need to take an active role in making decisions about teacher beverly hoeltke goes.
Learning & personality development this lesson will discuss how social interactions play a role in cognitive development of 1 teacher + free student. Development – or how personality develops topographic model of the psyche unconscious motivations and needs have a role in deter-mining our behaviour. • how can teachers support students’development and learning personality and identity development, and learning of her students, a teacher must be. Developmental psychology: incorporating piaget’s and vygotsky’s theories in social, perceptual, and personality development, both teacher and student. Eberly center design & teach a course design your course who your students are the skillful teacher journals to monitor student.
Co-curricular activities: meaning, definition, examples, importance, positive thinking are some of the facets of personality development and role of a teacher. By establishing standards for teacher competence in student needs for professional development in student in educational assessment of students 1. Professional ethics and accountability of teachers education aspects of their personality in a manner that role of teacher is to bring.
Role of muslim teacher in era of complete submission to allah on the level of the teacher has to respect student for development of their personality. Personality types of students in a we examine 14 common personality traits that you are likely to do you have the traits to be a successful teacher or student. Includes the role of accommodations to individual student needs teacher behavior toward high- and low given to learn or problems to complete.
- Principles of education and teaching learning process of self-sufficiency holistic personality development moral & character role of teacher:.
- Teacher in role is a method teacher in role with student this can be done through a number of character development games or exercises the teacher is.
A teacher's persona or personality: which is more important francis was a graduate student in my elementary teacher development all. Effects of teachers’ competence on students’ academic performance: the student perceptions of teacher leadership style between teacher’s personality. Social media takes the role of mediating space for student activities, teacher be addressed by using ict for teacher professional development.

domain: psychology


text:
Sanwei Crisp House Hokkaido Milk Egg Yolk Cake has a strong milky flavor and rich fillings. The egg yolk puff pastry has shredded coconut on its skin, and the sweet white kidney bean interlayered Xuemei Niang skin in the middle, with selected fresh sea duck eggs and brown sugar inside. flow heart. After more than 30 purely handmade crafts, the egg yolk cake made with Hokkaido milk is rich in milk, soft and crispy, with a dense taste and delicious layers! Whether it's early morning or afternoon, with a glass of milk, eat a Hokkaido milk egg yolk pastry from Sanwei Crispy House, and you will be full of energy!
Open this "book" and there are 6 individually wrapped egg yolk cakes. Each small package has a monologue from the egg yolk cake. I thought that the monologue of each egg yolk cake is different. It seems that this is important. Things have to be said 6 times, may your youth live up to your dreams! Sanwei Crispy Hokkaido Milk Egg Yolk Crisp is a short-term food with a shelf life of only 90 days, and the best tasting period is printed on each individual small package.
# 兔然就过年了 #


3D Printer By Jessica
Year Two went down to the High School to see the 3D printer. The filament is like ink. It prints layers over a honeycomb shaped core. The printer costs $2500 to buy and each filament roll costs $30. The 3D printer can print edible food and medicine. It can print body parts such as bionic hands, oesophagus, ears and parts of peoples faces. The 3D printer is controlled by a computer. It made teapots, cars and frogs that can jump.
3D Printer by Ryan
On Wednesday we went to visit the High School to see Mrs Erwin's 3D printer. You can print a 3D object like a teapot. The printer was called "Chef Jet". You can even print letters and numbers. It prints items with honeycomb cores inside of them. The printer costs $2500 and a filament roll costs about $30. You can print bionic ears, hands and parts of peoples faces. The printer is controlled by a computer and can also print forms of medicine. The filament is like normal ink in a printer and looks like a thin string.
3D Printer by Alannah
On Wednesday we went to the High School. We saw Mrs Erwin. We went to the High School because we are making toys for Katoke. Mrs Erwin told us that we can even make food and body parts! The printer is called a "Chef Jet" and can print medicines. While we were there we saw it printing letters and numbers. The filament prints thick or thin. The printer coasts $2500 and each filament roll costs $30.
3D Printer by Rachael
Today Year 2 went to the High School to see Mrs Erwin from the TAS department to see the 3D printer. Mrs Erwin showed us some of the toys she had printed then she took four people at a time to see the printer print a letter "A". Everyone went off to see a different stage of the printing. Mrs Erwin said that she would give everyone in Year 2 a printed moth, she also gave out the letters she had made.


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In March 2023, Mime completed the financing and restructuring plan set forth in the summons for written resolution dated February 28, 2023, related to the MIME02 bond (ISIN NO 0011142036).
As a result of completing the financing and restructuring plan, Mime has the following securities registered at Verdipapirsentralen ASA (also known as Euronext VPS):
- ISIN NO 0012867318: Super Senior Bond
- ISIN NO 0012867326: Hybrid Bond
- ISIN NO 0012867334: Hybrid PIK Bond
- ISIN NO 0011142036: Senior Secured Bond (MIME02)
- ISIN NO 0012867342: Roll-up Exchange Right
- ISIN NO 0012867359: Warrant Exchange Right
On 17 March, 2023, Nordic Trustee published the following information letter on www.stamdata.com regarding the issuance of the new securities.
The relevant terms and agreements can be downloaded below:
Super-senior bond terms
Hybrid Bond terms including Hybrid PIK Bond terms
Amended and restated MIME02 bond terms
Warrant exchange right term sheet
Roll-up exchange right term sheet
Summons for a written resolution in MIME02 dated 28 February 2023 (approved 2 March 2023)
SUPER SENIOR BOND AND ROLL-UP EXCHANGE RIGHTS
On March 17, 2023, Mime issued and settled USD 120 million of super senior secured bonds (ISIN NO 0012867318) (the “Super Senior Bond”). The Super Senior Bond carries a coupon of 13% p.a. and matures in September 2025. The interest is payable quarterly during 2023, while interest is payable monthly thereafter.
Subscribers in the Super Senior Bond received exchange rights to receive warrants and roll-up of up to USD 30 million of existing MIME02 bonds into the Super Senior Bond subject to certain conditions. The Roll-up Exchange Right (ISIN NO 0012867342) entitles holders to convert one MIME02 bond per four roll-up exchange rights. The Warrant Exchange right (ISIN NO 0012867359) entitles holders to receive one warrant for each Super Senior Bond allocated (as described below).
The Super Senior Bonds shall be listed at the Nordic ABM before March 17, 2024.
WARRANT EXCHANGE RIGHT
On 17 March, 2023, Mime also issued a Warrant Exchange Right instrument with ISIN NO 0012867359 as part of the financial restructuring. The recipients of the exchange rights were the following:
- 50% of the warrant exchange rights were issued to the existing bondholders of MIME02 on the issue date on a pro rata basis; and
- 50% of the warrant exchange rights were issued to the subscribers in the Super Senior Bond on a pro rata basis.
The Warrant Exchange Rights entitle holders to receive warrants for nil consideration within 31 July 2023. A warrant entitles each holder to subscribe for new shares in an amount equal to 33.00 per cent of all outstanding shares of the holding company of Mime Petroleum AS. The share price shall not be above NOK 0.01 per share and is payable to the holding company in cash. Given certain conditions, holders of unexercised warrants may receive additional warrants that entitles the holders to subscribe for an additional 7.50 per cent of all outstanding shares of the holding company of Mime Petroleum AS on similar terms as the initial warrants.
Each warrant is exercisable at any time after 15 February 2024. The warrants are however cancelled given a sale of Mime Petroleum AS (or its holding company) within 31 July 2023. Otherwise, the warrants expire after five years from the initial issue which is stipulated to occur prior to 31 July 2023.
HYBRID BOND AND HYBRID PIK BOND
On March 21, 2023, USD 45 million (equal to 20%) of MIME02 bonds were converted to new Hybrid Bonds (ISIN NO 0012867326). The Hybrid Bonds mature in 2083 and carry a Payment-in-Kind (“PIK”) interest of 13.5% by issuing Hybrid PIK Bonds which are non-interest-bearing (ISIN NO 0012867334). The Hybrid PIK Bonds will automatically be cancelled on the maturity date in 2083.
Accrued interest on the MIME02 bonds from the last Interest Payment Date on November 10, 2022, and up to 21 March, 2023 was paid in kind as Hybrid PIK Bonds on 21 March, 2023. Mime may elect to pay all future interest on MIME02 bonds as PIK interest at a rate of 10.25% by issuing additional non-interest-bearing Hybrid PIK Bonds.
SENIOR SECURED BOND
Mime issued a 225 million USD senior secured bond November 10, 2021. The bonds had a five-year maturity to November 10, 2026. The interest rate is fixed at 10.25%.
Following the restructuring completed in March 2023, certain amendments have been made to MIME02 detailed in an Amended and Restated Agreement. The amendments are amongst other:
- Allowing the issuance of Super-Senior Bonds
- USD 45 million of MIME02 converted to Hybrid Bonds on 21 March 2023. The Hybrid Bonds mature in 2083 and carry a PIK interest of 13.5% by issuing Hybrid PIK Bonds.
- The maturity date of the MIME02 bonds is extended by one year to November 10, 2027
- MIME02 interests are payable annually on 15 December each year. Mime may elect to pay interest as PIK (rate of 10.25%) by issuing non-interest-bearing Hybrid PIK Bonds.
- The financial covenants are suspended until the Super-Senior Bonds are discharged
- The Bond Trustee shall be entitled to appoint an independent board member
Existing MIME02 bondholders at the issue date of the Super Senior Bond, being 17 March 2023, received their pro-rata share of the Warrant Exchange Rights (50% of total).
The MIME02 bonds are listed at the Nordic ABM, under the symbol MIME02 PRO.
For information at the Oslo Børs, go to https://live.euronext.com/ and search for MIME02.

domain: finance


It Ain’t Easy Bein’ Green
By Kevin Miller
In an effort to improve fuel economy and at the same time meet vehicle emission targets, manufacturers have been rolling out clean diesel vehicles since 2007. Clean diesel technology in the US relies on the use of Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD). And while the vehicles have been on the market for over a year, the refueling infrastructure still has a way to go.
Last autumn engine in heavy duty trucks, and that in addition to being cleaner and quieter, the new diesel engine is quicker. Zero-to-60 times are more than a second faster than the outgoing 6.0-liter Power Stroke diesel. Fuel economy improved slightly as well. The system’s water-removal fuel filter allows use of a blend of up to 5 percent biodiesel. Our article concluded with the assessment that new motor is quieter, cleaner, and more powerful, and asked what more could drivers of heavy duty trucks possibly ask for? The answer to that rhetorical question is: more stations selling ULSD.
My brother, Erik, is the lightweight women’s crew coach at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. The university’s motor pool recently purchased a 2008 Ford F350 Super Duty with the clean 6.4-liter Power Stroke turbo-diesel. On campus, the truck is fueled with a UW-made biofuel blend.
Among my brother’s coaching duties is trailering the team’s racing shells to some regattas. This weekend’s regatta is in Princeton, NJ. He loaded up the trailer, hitched it to the 1100-mile-new Super Duty, and headed east. When pulling a 60-foot trailer, the truck has a range of around 300 miles per tank. On the toll road across Ohio nearing Pennsylvania, with the fuel gauge nearing E, he pulled in to a service plaza. The service plaza didn’t offer Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel. When he asked the attendant, he was told that the next service plaza offering ULSD was 93 miles away.
While at the service plaza, he phoned AAA to ask assistance in finding the nearest station selling ULSD. The AAA representative spent a long time on the phone with him, and was able to locate nearby E85 and biodiesel, but not ULSD. Additionally the AAA representative told him that if he was to run his truck out of fuel, AAA would not be able to provide roadside delivery of ULSD. Next he phoned the UW motor pool, who told him that he should head for the next toll plaza, and request a tow if he ran out of fuel first. They reiterated that Low-Sulfur Diesel or Standard Diesel should not be put the truck, that only Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel should be used. They had no recommendation on how to go about finding the fuel.
He ended up exiting the toll road near Pittsburgh, figuring that a large city would have stations offering ULSD. Knowing that Mercedes sells vehicles which require ULSD, he phoned a Mercedes dealership in Pittsburgh to ask where in the area ULSD was sold. They gave him the name of a local fuel chain, and he found his way to a station where he was told they offer biodiesel but not Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel; that chain referred him to a Shell station. He steered the truck through Pittsburgh’s city streets during rush-hour with its 60-foot trailer, now perilously low on fuel, to the nearest Shell station to determine whether they had ULSD. That station didn’t carry any diesel, but informed him that all Shell stations in the area who sold diesel sell ULSD. The attendant phoned a nearby Shell station which confirmed they had ULSD. He got explicit directions to the station, and the attendant was there waiting for him with a pump lane cleared out to make room for the truck and trailer.
From the time he pulled in to the service plaza on the toll road, until the time he pulled out of Pittsburgh full of fuel, more than three hours had elapsed. During that time, neither AAA nor Mercedes-Benz had been unable to accurately locate a station selling ULSD, and it was the sixth station he visited where he was finally able to fill his tank. With about 330 miles between Pittsburgh and Princeton, he would need to refuel once more before arriving at his destination.
While motorists driving locally will know where to find stations selling ULSD, the same cannot be said when people travel away from home. While diesel sedans can travel more than 500 miles on a single tank of fuel, heavy duty trucks require refueling more frequently, and any motorist on a cross-country road trip will need to be able to find the fuel easily.
As automakers are offering more new diesel vehicles requiring ULSD, the refueling infrastructure needs to be expanded. Many consumers will buy Ford’s Super Duty 6.4-liter Power Stroke turbo-diesel trucks for towing or hauling. Those consumers will certainly be ired when they get out on the road and cannot find a place to refuel their trucks. While trucks using the clean diesel technology are a great idea for reducing both pollution and fuel consumption, the idea simply doesn’t work if there aren’t enough stations around where the trucks can be refueled.
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A white supremacist rally defending a Confederate statue in Charlottesville, Virginia, has turned into a national conversation over what cities should do with the hundreds of memorials still standing that honor soldiers or leaders of the South during the Civil War.
Like most Southern cities, Charlotte is home to several Confederate monuments. There are 120 more around the state of North Carolina.
In light of the violence in Charlottesville, several political leaders in Charlotte are calling for the city’s Confederate monuments to be removed from public property and put in museums.
What Confederate monuments does Charlotte have?
There are numerous others around the region (including one in Cornelius), but the city of Charlotte has two major Confederate monuments standing today.
The first is in Elmwood Cemetery, a city-owned graveyard at 5th Street and Cedar Street that is the final resting place for prominent Charlotteans like D.A. Tompkins and Edward Dilworth Latta.
There is an obelisk there, erected in 1867, that honors Confederate soldiers from Mecklenburg County who died during the Civil War. There are also numerous graves of Confederate dead, many marked with mini Confederate flags.
The second is between Memorial Stadium and the Grady Cole Center off North Kings Drive, both owned by Mecklenburg County. It was erected in 1929 in commemoration of a Confederate soldier reunion. It praises Confederate soldiers for their “heroism in war and fidelity in peace” and lauds that they accepted the outcome of the war and “preserved the Anglo-Saxon civilization of the South.”
In contrast to the statue in Charlottesville, the two monuments in Charlotte are not in particularly prominent locations.
The monument at Elmwood Cemetery is tucked within its winding paths. The one by Memorial Stadium is actually now blocked off by construction fencing.
But both of Charlotte’s Confederate monuments are on public property, giving them an implicit endorsement.
Are our elected officials satisfied with this arrangement?
In 2015, they were. Things appear to be changing.
Charlotte elected officials have not formally renewed discussion, but Mayor Jennifer Roberts and Mayor Pro Tem Vi Lyles both said Tuesday they’d support moving them.
The last time they were discussed in earnest was in 2015, shortly after the massacre of nine black church parishioners in downtown Charleston. Immediately after, both of Charlotte’s Confederate monuments were defaced with spray paint.
The city removed a Confederate monument from Old City Hall, restored it, and quietly placed it at Elmwood Cemetery with the rest of the Confederate memorials.
The City Council did not actively order the move to Elmwood and did not suggest moving it elsewhere. According to meeting minutes, then-city manager Ron Carlee informed the council that he was planning to make the move to Elmwood and that he would proceed unless told otherwise.
“The manager has put you on notice and if you want to talk to him about it, you need to get to him quickly,” then-Mayor Dan Clodfelter told the rest of the council, according to the minutes.
At the time, Mayor Jennifer Roberts was campaigning for the job she now holds. She said in a WFAE-sponsored debate that fall that “Confederate monuments belong in a museum.”
Roberts reiterated that position Tuesday.
““I have said for years that Confederate monuments should be in museums,” she said by email. “North Carolina has nearly 100 Confederate monuments and it’s time for all of them to be placed in museums.”
Vi Lyles, the city’s mayor pro tem and candidate for mayor, indicated Tuesday that she would also still support moving the monuments.
“It is important that we not erase history, so we may learn from it,” she said in an email to the Agenda. “However, we should not dignify sentiments of hatred by memorializing them in our public spaces without proper information. Museums are a place where the history of the Confederacy can be placed with the needed context.”
Mecklenburg County commissioners debated what to do with its monument, which was repeatedly spray painted.
The general consensus seemed to be that nothing should be done with the monument.
Then Chairman Trevor Fuller called the monument a “glorification of a message of hate” but did not call for it to be removed.
Commissioner George Dunlap blamed the media for bringing up the issue said it was in the county’s “best interest to not choose or pick sides, or to have winners and losers in terms of whose statute ought to stand and whose statute ought to be removed,” according to meeting minutes.
Commissioner Jim Puckett said that people who “are so terribly sure about how offensive this particular monument is, I think are a bit off.”
Commissioner Ella Scarborough said at the time “there was no issue in Mecklenburg County” and that discussion of the monument should “cease.”
That’s essentially what happened. The monument was put in a protective case and has not been discussed since.
It’s unclear if anyone’s positions have shifted since then.
So could Charlotte actually move its Confederate monuments to a museum?
Not under current state law.
In 2015, the state legislature passed a law for the “protection of monuments, memorials and works of art.”
The law says that monuments and statues can only be moved in very narrow, specific circumstances. A monument could be moved if it needs special work to preserve it, or if moving it is necessary for construction or rehabilitation of the area around it.
The law also specifically states that monuments can not be moved to museums unless they were originally put there. Monuments that are moved are to be put in places with “similar prominence, honor, visibility, availability, and access.”
Any chance that will change?
Maybe. But probably not.
Gov. Roy Cooper came out with a strong statement Tuesday saying that Confederate monuments should be only in “textbooks and museums” and called on the state legislature to repeal the 2015 law.
Cooper is a Democrat and the state legislature is controlled by a supermajority of Republicans. GOP officials have not spoken publicly about whether the law will be revisited.
Are they worried about violence around North Carolina’s Confederate monuments?
Cooper’s statement described concern about the chance that protesters could hurt themselves trying to remove Confederate monuments or violence could erupt in response. Earlier this week, a group of protesters pulled down a Confederate statue in Durham. One woman has been charged with felonies for doing so.
“The likelihood of protesters being injured or worse as they may try to topple any one of the hundreds of monuments in our state concerns me,” Cooper wrote. “And the potential for those same white supremacist elements we saw in Charlottesville to swarm the site, weapons in hand, in retaliation is a threat to public safety.”
Charlotte officials told the Observer that police have been regularly checking on the monument in Elmwood but are not aware of any threats to it.
How would people in Charlotte react to efforts to move the Confederate monuments?
Chances are, it would be very controversial.
It was only about a decade ago that Charlotte named a street after Martin Luther King Jr. One plan proposed was to rename Stonewall Street, which is named after Confederate general Stonewall Jackson’s wife, who lived in Charlotte. The effort was withdrawn after causing “hard feelings” in the community.
Charlotteans also spoke on both sides of the issue in 2015. Arguments for keeping Confederate memorials ranged from the fact that many Confederate soldiers were drafted into service and may not have supported slavery to “not hiding from our past” to something about black on black crime, according to meeting minutes.


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domain: game