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An encore presentation of NOVA’s documentary, Riddles Of The Sphinx airs tonight, Wednesday 19, on PBS at 9:00pm Mountain Time, and it features AERA Director Dr. Mark Lehner. Ever wonder how the Great Sphinx was built or what the half-human, half-lion monument represents? Did you know that it stands as tall as the White House and stretches nearly as long as a football field?
NOVA attempts to unsolve the mystery of the monument in this documentary. Filmed by Providence Pictures producer Gary Glassman, Riddles Of The Sphinx finds Dr. Lehner joining NOVA’s team of archaeologists to help unveil the people who built this massive statue and the incredible labor that went into its construction.
For more information on this documentary, visit NOVA’s web site.

domain: history


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Oh, Sweet relief. We’re exploring practical, unconfusing ways to beat sugar cravings once and for all with tips and insights from beloved functional medicine practitioner and former Guest Editor, Dr. Mark Hyman.
We’ve been told again and again that sugar is bad for our bodies, but its addictive nature (and nasty habit of sneaking into places it doesn’t belong) makes cutting it out of our diets difficult. With the video above and the info below, Dr. H is showing us exactly how to kick sugar to the curb and set ourselves up for healthier eating (we love how it looks in his daily diet) and sustainable success.
From ways to detox from our current sugar cravings, to what we should pack in a healthy snack bag to veer away from “see food dieting” (watch the video for details!), we’re diving into the heart of the problem and reclaiming control over our health…
Why We Need to Nix Sugar
Here’s the not-so-sweet truth: We are killings ourselves by consuming truckloads of hidden sugar. The facts are in, the science is beyond question. Sugar in all its forms is the root cause of our obesity epidemic and most of the chronic disease sucking the life out of our citizens and our economy — and, increasingly, the rest of the world. You name it, it’s caused by sugar: heart disease, cancer, dementia, type 2 diabetes, depression and even acne, infertility and impotence.
The average American consumes about 152 pounds of sugar a year. That’s roughly 22 teaspoons every day for every person in America. And our kids consume about 34 teaspoons every day — that’s more than two 20-ounce sodas — making nearly one in four teenagers pre-diabetic or diabetic. Flour is even worse than sugar. We consume about 146 pounds of flour a year. Think about it. That’s about one pound of sugar and flour combined, every day, for every man, woman and child in America. And flour raises blood sugar even more than table sugar. Even whole-wheat flour.
Here’s another shocking fact: Sugar is eight times as addictive as cocaine. So, needless to say, we need a clear path to detox from sugar, to break the addictive cycle of carb and sugar cravings that robs us of our health. The one-trillion-dollar industrial-food system is the biggest sugar dealer around, responsible for contributing to tens of millions of deaths every year and siphoning trillions of dollars from our global economy through the loss of human and natural capital. That’s why it’s up to us to take back our kitchens and take back our health by kicking sugar to the curb!
5 Ways to Detox from Sugar
Be a cold turkey. Stop all forms of sugar, all flour products and all artificial sweeteners — which cause increased cravings and slow metabolism, and lead to fat storage. Ideally, you want to avoid any foods that come in box, package or a can or that have a label, and stick to real, whole, fresh food. If you’re serious about getting off of sugar, consider a detox. I’ve seen thousands of people break the vicious sugar cycle.
Don’t drink your calories. Any form of liquid-sugar calories is worse than solid food with sugar or flour. Think of it as mainlining sugar directly to your liver. It turns off a fat-storage machine in your liver, leading to dreaded belly fat. You don’t feel full, so you eat more all day and you crave more sugar and carbs. It’s also the single biggest source of sugar calories in our diet. That includes sodas, sports drinks, sweetened teas or coffees. One 20-ounce soda has 15 teaspoons of sugar; Gatorade contains 14 teaspoons of the stuff in one bottle. One can of soda a day increases a kid’s chance of being obese by 60 percent and a woman’s chance of type 2 diabetes by 80 percent. Stay away!
Power up the day with protein and fight sugar with fat. Protein, protein, protein at every meal — especially breakfast — is the key to balancing blood sugar and insulin and cutting cravings. Start the day with whole farm eggs or a protein shake. Use nuts, seeds, eggs, fish, chicken or grass-fed meat for protein at every meal. A serving size is four to six ounces, or the size of your palm. Also, fat is not a four-letter word; it doesn’t make you fat, sugar does. Fat makes you full, balances your blood sugar and is necessary for fueling your cells. Along with protein, have good fats at every meal and snack including nuts and seeds (which also contain protein), extra-virgin olive oil, coconut butter, avocados and omega-3 fats from fish.
Be ready for emergencies. You never want to be in a food emergency when your blood sugar is dropping and you find yourself in a food desert such as an airport, the office or in a maze of convenience stores, fast-food joints and vending machines. You need an Emergency Life Pak. I have one with me all the time, filled with protein, good fats and good snacks so I never have to make a bad choice. Here’s what’s in mine: packets of Artisana nut butters and coconut butter, almonds, walnuts, pumpkin seeds, salmon jerky or turkey jerky, a can of wild salmon or sardines and unsweetened wild blueberries.
Put out the fire (of inflammation). Studies show that inflammation triggers blood-sugar imbalances, insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. The most common source of inflammatory foods — other than sugar, flour and trans fats — are hidden food sensitivities. The most common culprits are gluten and dairy. We often crave the foods we’re allergic to. Without them we feel lousy and want more. Quit gluten and dairy for ten days. Getting off them isn’t easy, but after just two to three days without them you’ll have renewed energy and relief from cravings.

domain: food


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The Challenge: A Major Constitutional Crisis
The American political system is experiencing a historic constitutional crisis marked by the institutional decline of Congress, abdication by the legislative branch of many of its core constitutional responsibilities, and insufficiency of congressional legislative, oversight, investigative, and contempt enforcement capacities coincident with the emergence of a massive, costly, unaccountable, overreaching federal administrative state increasingly antagonistic to constitutional values, congressional oversight, and the rule of law.
The federal government has increasingly abused its power by violating the civil rights of citizens, engaging in unconstitutional surveillance, targeting and harassing individuals for their political and religious views, violating the constitution and the laws of the United States, exceeding the limits of the authority by imposing regulations inconsistent with the intent of Congress expressed in law, and engaging in irresponsible spending and borrowing that is running up budget deficits and national debt unsustainably.
Congress is the instrument through which the people control the federal government and hold it accountable. All the powers of Congress and the other branches of government are derived from the people. The failure of Congress to conduct effective oversight of the federal bureaucracy means that the American people have lost control of their government. A growing cohort of political office holders, policy experts, advocacy groups, and citizens, commonly referred to as the “Article I” movement, are alarmed by these developments and working to restore the proper constitutional balance among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Good Government Now is a committed member of this Article I community.
To achieve an enlightened American government always compliant with the Constitution, rule of law, and vision of the founders.
To strengthen congressional legislative, oversight, investigative, and contempt enforcement institutional capacities to re-establish an appropriate constitutional balance between the legislative and executive branches as well as accountability of the executive branch to Congress and the People.

domain: sociology


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What can you do when you find yourself on a credit challenged situation? Is there any way to do a quick credit repair? Well, take a deep breath and follow these guidelines to know how to get back up and get a good credit score on the soonest possible time.
What Makes Up Your Credit Score?
Credit scores are being used by lenders to gauge your credit worthiness or your ability to make payments over time. In order to qualify for mortgage or get better interest rates, you need to get your score up. But before you do that, you’ll need to understand how the score is weighed and calculated. So, here are some ideas:
- Your payment history credits to 35% of your score. You cannot change the past, but you can start making diligent and timely payments as soon as possible.
- It is important to maintain a less than 30% of all the available credit that you have on your cards.
- History of the length of time and types of credit that you had matters. This shows your track record or behavior patterns in paying monthly dues over time.
How To Do A Credit Repair
There are methods that you can do to start credit repair within your control. First, you need to attend to any of your unclosed items. Take this opportunity to pay off items on collection in full or until completed, but make sure that the collection agency will commit to giving a deletion letter to the Credit Reporting Agencies when you do so.
Another is to enhance your credit by getting yourself two secured credit cards. Make sure that you would only utilize less than 30% of your credit limit for this to work. Charge around $60 and pay off about $50 on billing period. Do this on both credit cards for a few months. Algorithms used by agencies to calculate credit behaviors are mostly based on ratio and not on amount, thus you can use it on your advantage.
There are plenty more methods that can be used for credit repair, all you need is proper guidance to get back on track. Read up on the Fair Credit Reporting Act and avail of your right to review your credit report once a year. You can dispute any derogatory items on your credit report by writing or online. (You can read more of it here.)
Join my Real Estate Education Club and learn how to Qualify and Shop for the best mortgage for you. Complete the information below so I can show you.

domain: finance


Cosmetic and Appearance admin
Cosmetic appearance – Often it is uneconomical to go for a full stainless steel catback exhaust system when your vehicle will either not see any performance benefit. Or perhaps your exhaust is actually in very good shape and a new stainless system is not needed. But you want to enhance the tone and visual appeal of your vehicle. This may be as simple as a tip for a better look or a full rear axle back system to enhance the noise from your vehicle.
Our partner Longlife offers a range of over 1,400 silencers. This means we can easily build you the perfect bespoke exhaust system which will get your vehicle sounding exactly as it should.
Tailpipe designs You wouldn’t want your new bespoke exhaust to look anything less than perfect, which is why you’ll be pleased to discover our full Longlife range of tailpipe designs. They will allow you to pick a look in keeping with your prestige vehicle’s heritage.
“Just got full stainless cat back system on my Vti civic great price lovely sound off it sound fellas well happy with it would recommend them to anyone getting an exhaust system…cheers”
Hobby O Brien
“Brought my car in on very short notice for repair…the lads couldn’t of been any more helpful…good price lovely neat job i would highly recommend.”
“I had a full stainless exhaust system made up for my bmw e30. Great job and a good price. Thanks lads”
Check out some of our previous cosmetic work below:


Home Theater from Scratch
Design and Soundproofing Products
Sound measurement and control is must before building the rooms for the home theater the a/c duct system for the room. It must be looked at for better sound control. If this detail is overlooked then the efforts to soundproof a room will be a waste. If a very soundproof room is built and the a/c duct work is left untreated then there is no use. Sound is very similar to water and travels through the least resistant path. Any and all common air spaces are always the first path of least resistance.
Sound Source monitoring
Sound created in the room very efficiently and quickly finds the duct register, passes through the duct to the rest of the house. Two basic ways are there for soundproofing and acoustical treating a duct, an in-line duct silencer can be bought and installed or duct has to be lined with a soft surface like Quiet Liner. It is cheaper to line the duct but a little more work may be required. But usually the a/c duct has to be upsized since putting something inside it will lessen the ID (internal diameter) of the duct. It is recommended to use either one 90 degree bend or two 45 degree bends so that sound is forced to pass through an acoustical liner and not travel in a straight line.
Wall, Ceiling, Surfaces Soundproofing
For effective acoustic and soundproofing treatment of walls and soundproofing ceiling, sheetrock is used and they are clamped to the stud with the help of clips. The purpose of the clip is to isolate the sheetrock away from the stud or joist. There is a black rubber “puck” in the clip which helps in absorbing shock and sound between the furring channel and the stud. It facilitates the sheetrock to be flexible enough to absorb the energy and prevent it from travelling effectively between two sides of the wall.
As per the budget for your project, one of the Studio 3D soundproofing door assemblies is recommended. These doors are customized and have quite a few variables and options. The price of the soundproofing doors start at around $2,300.00 each without including the soundproofing door installation kit ($30) and shipping which is dependant on your location. If that does not fit into your budget you may desire to acquire a good, heavy, solid core soundproofing door sealed with a door sound seal kit.
You may want to consider treating the floor soundproofing of your room but this decision is usually dependent on the budget for the room and also the amount of soundproofing floor you need. If it is a concrete floor, many home audio installers will use a rubber based underlayment before beginning to build the walls. For this the reason is because energy that enters the concrete travels below the walls not only to the other basement rooms, but travels up the concrete walls and possibly into the rooms above since it is on the concrete that the structure for those rooms rests. This applies to particularly the lower frequencies.
Our Soundproofing Products and services as well as Acoustic soundproofing Materials
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Two major players Sahara India Parivar and Bharti Airtel submitted bids for the right to sponsor the Indian team for the next 3.5 years. According to some sources in BCCI (Indian cricket board) the two groups have already submitted the eligibility documents and security deposits on Saturday. Both companies have submitted the mandatory Rs 50 crore (US$10.7 million) deposit required by the BCCI.
The Indian board issued the tender on Monday inviting companies to bid for the rights, whose tenure is three-and-a-half years beginning July 1, 2010. Other companies in the fray included the ADA Group (ADAG), consumer electronics major Videocon, Delhi-based Monnet-Ispat, sports broadcaster Nimbus, which owns the rights to matches played in India, and advertising firm Percept.
Sources said that Sahara will bid only for the Indian team while Bharti will bid for the Indian team (base price of Rs 2.5 crore per match), India-A team (base price: Rs 25 lakh per match), Under-19 team (base price: Rs 25 lakh per match) and the women’s team (base price: Rs 10 lakh per match).
Bharti, though, seem to have a problem on hand. If it wins the bid, it cannot display its Airtel logo during ICC events because of a clash of interest -Reliance (another telecom company) is one of the ICC sponsors.
Reliance’s contract with ICC ends in 2015 while the Indian team’s logo sponsorship will end on December 31, 2014. In the next three-and-half years, the Indian team is scheduled to play in three ICC tournaments – 2011 World Cup, 2012 T20 Championship and 2013 Champions Trophy.
The lack of interest in the tender six months ago and the subsequent lowering of the base price represents “the impact of the IPL,” according to Hiren Pandit, Managing Partner-Entertainment, Sports and Partnerships at Group M, a prominent media buying agency. Pandit believes the IPL gives firms an alternative avenue to get involved with cricket, thereby reducing the exclusiveness of the Indian team.
After winning the bid for the Pune IPL franchise, Sahara chairman Subrata Roy had said the company would re-evaluate its sponsorship of the Indian team. Subsequently, when contacted by Cricinfo, the company declined to comment to on whether it would be bidding this time around. The Sahara Group had paid roughly Rs 400 crore in 2005 for the right to sponsor the Indian team for four years.
Shailendra Singh, joint managing director, Percept Limited, which had reportedly purchased the bid document for a client, says the Indian team is still the best cricket brand around. “From a value perspective, the sport of cricket stands unparalleled as a property for sponsors today,” he said. “For any fan, especially in India, the national team is the ultimate. People follow IPL because you have the cricketers from the Indian team playing, they are the main attraction. Hence this in no way reduces the importance or following of Team India. Team India will be one of the best cricket properties always.”
The BCCI will announce the winning bid after holding its marketing committee meeting in Mumbai on Monday.


NEW YORK CITY /PRNewswire/ — IFP announced the launch of their new partnership with Power to the Pixel, the pioneering UK-based cross-media organization. The alliance will kick-off with the launch of the first joint annual IFP/Power to the Pixel Cross-Media Forum in New York City on April 19th, 2011.
The IFP/Power to the Pixel Cross-Media Forum will consist of a conference, cross-media project presentations, as well as numerous networking opportunities allowing content creators and funders to directly connect.
The Conference will focus on introducing U.S. audiences to leading thinkers, practitioners and innovators who develop new business and creative opportunities for film, media and new technologies. The full schedule will be announced in March 2011, with tickets made available March 19th.
Founded as a satellite program of the 1979 New York Film Festival, the non-profit IFP has evolved into the nation’s oldest and largest organization of independent filmmakers, and also the premier advocate for them.
About Power to the Pixel
Power to the Pixel supports the film and media industries in their transition to a digital age. The company’s London team, headed by Liz Rosenthal & Tishna Molla, has a wealth of experience and expertise across film and cross-media, and is linked to a unique network of the leading thinkers, practitioners and innovators who are developing new business and creative opportunities around the world.
Browse articles on cinema, media and AV from IPM Magazine
More articles about the visitor attractions industry: IPM archive
Subscribe free: IPM digital edition


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- Correspondence to Dr Benjamin N Breyer, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, 1001 Potrero Ave Suite 3A20, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;
- Received November 28, 2016
- Revised February 27, 2017
- Accepted March 29, 2017
- First published June 1, 2017.
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

domain: medical


That will be determined this weekend, as the Giants on Saturday make their final cuts to get down to the 53-player limit. If Moss makes the cut, it will probably be because of what he did in the preseason finale, a 38-27 loss to the Patriots at Gillette Stadium.
"It felt great to get out there and have the opportunity to step up and make some plays,'' Moss said. "I felt like I did my best.''
Was his best enough?
In what could be viewed as a showcase for other teams, Moss was called on early and often – unlike last Saturday night against the Jets, when he was hardly called on at all. Moss, hanging like a thread to a roster spot, delivered in a big way with two touchdown receptions.
He ran past rookie safety Pat Chung for a ridiculously easy 23-yard touchdown catch on a pass from Manning. Three minutes later, now with David Carr at the controls, Moss – operating out of the slot – abused Chung again, sprinting past him to haul in a 12-yard scoring pass.
"He played real good, made some nice plays,'' Tom Coughlin said.
It was either the bolt of lighting that saved Moss' job – not likely – or else some excellent footage for a future employer to see, or perhaps even some highlights the Giants can use to entice a team to trade a draft pick for Moss. For the first time in his four-year career, Moss following his cameo appearance against the Jets expressed frustration and said he wanted answers from the coaching staff on why he wasn't used.
"I really wish I did prove that when my number's called I'm able to go out there and am able to make plays,'' Moss said. "I feel like opportunity favors the prepared and I came into this game very prepared.''
Asked what he's thinking about the final cuts – the roster get trimmed to 53 tomorrow=2 0– Moss said "I feel like I've been on the bubble since I've been here, honestly.''
For the Giants, it was mission accomplished as far as getting their front-line players ready for the regular season. After accomplishing exactly what he wanted in his very brief appearance, Eli Manning declared the preseason over and done with and pointed toward the real season.
"I think we're ready,'' Manning said. "Guys are healthy for the most part, confident in what we're doing and not making mistakes.''
With their starters in the game, the Giants surged to a quick 21-0 lead in less than 10 minutes, which would have been more impressive if the Patriots had any of their real players on the field.
At times the early action bordered on silly. The Giants breezed to touchdowns on their first three possessions. Manning (3 for 3, 76 yards) got the tune-up he desired and quickly took a seat.
Carr (6 for 6, 153 yards, 2 TDs) entered and the ball never hit the ground. He hit Domenik Hixon for 38 yards, Moss for the 12-yard touchdown and capped his night by firing to the left side to rookie Hakeem Nicks, who leaped at the New England 35-yard line to haul the ball in over rookie safety Jamar Love. Love fell, Nicks didn't and raced the rest of the way for a 64-yard scoring play.
Manning and Carr were a combined 9 for 9 for 229 yards and three touchdowns against Patriots Lite.
As usual, Bill Belichick treated the fourth preseason game with experimental distain. He put one starter on the field on defense (linebacker Pierre Woods) and one out on offense (tight end Ben Watson). Tom Brady actually was in uniform but there's no way he needed laundry services, unless he worked up a sweat just seeing those red, white and gray Giants uniforms and had flashbacks to Super Bowl XLII.
On defense, the Giants were coming off a dreadful showing against the Jets but the starters made quick work of the Pats scrubs. Sacks by Terrell Thomas and Justin Tuck allowed the Giants starters to get what they wanted on six plays and then get off the field.
The reserve defensive players were awful, turni ng rookie quarterback Brian Hoyer into a terror as the Pats out-scored the Giants 24-3 in the second half.
The first quarter, though, mattered more. "A lot of good things happened,'' Coughlin said.
Preseason Game Story: Giants at Patriots
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The Giants BeatYesterday at 12:12 PM
Scouting the NFL Draft: Zane GonzalezArizona State product Zane Gonzalez could be a solid pick in the 2017 NFL draft. Robbie Gould signed a one-year deal with the Giants, and concluded with 10 out of 10 field goals…
The Giants BeatYesterday at 9:33 AM
Paul Perkins finished his degree at UCLAThe second-year pro didn't spend his offseason on a yacht in Miami, but better yet finished his degree at UCLA.
The Giants BeatYesterday at 8:43 AM
Scouting the NFL Draft: Montavious AtkinsonThe burly defensive tackle could be a perfect fit to replace Jonathan Hankins in New York.
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Since Mulvaney Says He Takes ‘Data Security Very, Very Seriously,’ He Should Investigate Trump’s Tweet Which Appears to Violate Data Disclosure Rules
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, consumer advocacy organization Allied Progress called on OMB Director Mick Mulvaney to investigate President Trump’s apparent violation of OMB data disclosure rules which specifically prohibit “employees of the Executive Branch” from commenting publicly on data until at least one hour after the official release time. Trump tweeted about this month’s jobs numbers before they were made public, a move that could have significant impact on the stock market and other aspects of the economy.
The request comes one day after Mulvaney announced he would resume the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s (CFPB) data collection efforts, noting experts deemed CFPB systems “‘well-secured.'” When he froze such collection in December saying he took “data security very, very seriously,” many saw the move as an attack on the bureau’s ability to enforce laws protecting consumers from financial bad actors. Mulvaney even hired a hacker to try and find a way to criticize the CFPB’s data security.
After showing such zeal for data security at the CFPB, will he have the courage to do the same with his boss in the White House?
“The CFPB’s data collection efforts have been on Mulvaney’s chopping block since President Trump appointed him in November. Under the guise of concern over data security, Mulvaney even hired a hacker to try and find a way to criticize the bureau’s effort. After all, he knows if he can shut CFPB data collection down, the bureau’s enforcement of consumer protection laws would grind to a halt and his powerful Wall Street friends would be left to run wild,” said Karl Frisch, executive director of Allied Progress.
He continued, “Mulvaney says he takes data security ‘very, very, seriously,’ but does he have the guts, as OMB Director, to investigate President Trump for violating OMB data disclosure rules? I doubt we’ll see him holding his boss to the same extreme standards that have guided his single-minded pursuit to destroy the CFPB. That would require more ethical consistence than Mulvaney has to offer.”
What You Need To Know
- Late last year, Mick Mulvaney froze CFPB data collection, saying he took “data security very, very seriously.” In December 2017, Mick Mulvaney froze the CFPB’s data collection processes, citing cybersecurity concerns. At the time, Mulvaney claimed he took “‘data security very, very seriously,’” and that the CFPB needed “‘as rigorous a data-security program as possible'” before it could expect similar security measures from the financial entities it regulates. [Yuka Hayashi, “New CFPB Chief Curbs Data Collection, Citing Cybersecurity Worries,” The Wall Street Journal, 12/04/17]
- It wasn’t until May 31, 2018 that Mulvaney admitted that CFPB systems are “‘well-secured'” after he went as far as hiring a hacker to try and find a way to criticize the CFPB’s data security. On May 31, 2018, Mick Mulvaney sent an email to CFPB employees that an “‘exhaustive review'” had concluded that the CFPB “‘externally facing'” systems were “‘well-secured.'” Mulvaney’s email stated that he had frozen data collection out of “an abundance of caution” and that, since the review revealed that the systems were sound, CFPB employees would resume their data collection efforts. [The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s Semi-Annual Report to Congress, United States Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, 04/12/18 and Mick Mulvaney email to CFPB AllHands, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 05/31/18]
- The very next day, President Trump appeared to violate OMB rules on data disclosure. On Friday, June 1, 2018, President Trump appeared to skirt OMB rules dictating that government officials wait an hour to speak publicly about the monthly employment numbers when he tweeted that he was “‘looking forward to seeing the employment numbers at 8:30 this morning.’” [Ben White, “Trump breaks protocol and jolts markets by teasing secret jobs numbers,” Politico, 06/01/18 and “Tweet from President Donald Trump,” Twitter, 06/01/18]
- OMB Regulations specifically bar “employees of the Executive Branch” from commenting publicly on data until at least one hour after the official release time. According to OMB Statistical Policy Directive No. 3, “All employees of the Executive Branch who receive prerelease distribution of information and data estimates… are responsible for assuring that there is no release prior to the official release time.” Furthermore, the regulation requires that “employees of the Executive Branch shall not comment publicly on the data until at least one hour after the official release time.” [“OMB Statistical Policy Directive No. 3 – Compilation, Release, and Evaluation of Principal Federal Economic Indicators,” Federal Register, 09/25/1985, accessed 06/01/18]
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Virtual worlds were first developed by architects, toy manufacturers and military engineers to build better houses, more realistic fantasy games and deadlier weapon systems. Now virtual reality is making a huge impact in the filed of medicine. Virtual reality allows surgeons to practice new techniques before operating on the patient. Computer models simulate complications that might arise during surgery. And virtual reality provides the ideal training form medical students. The virtual scalpel simulates tactile feedback - the student can explore, experiment and even slip, but do no harm. An interactive multimedia simulation of a cataract operation may transform eye surgery education for Third- World doctors. In plastic surgery, a mouse and special software is used to plot and test a surgical procedure on a 3-D scan of the patient's face. Ultrasound images are turned into a 3-D visualisation of a foetus in the mother's abdomen thereby making risky procedures such as amniocentesis much safer as the physician can clearly see the location of the needle relative to the foetus in 3-D space. Virtual reality also means using computes to facilitate remote surgery, remote diagnosis between doctors and patients at different locations, and telemedicine whereby doctors in virtual operating theatres or virtual examining rooms will be linked via electronic communications.


text:
- Despite political noise, take-up remains healthy
- Occupiers are increasingly footloose
- Partial recovery in investment turnover
Stable take-up persists
Against a backdrop of heightened political tensions stemming from the ongoing Brexit talks and the first UK General Election this side of Christmas since 1923, office take-up continues to remain healthy across London. Businesses appear more concerned about the lack of office space in the market and are committing to new leases at a steady rate; a remarkable outcome given the background political noise. Office take-up reached 3.4 million sq ft during Q3, in line with the 10 year average and marginally higher than both Q2 and the same period last year. Active demand levels stand at 10.3 million sq ft, the highest level recorded so far this year. Limited options are driving moves, while pre-letting activity is also showing signs of strengthening, placing occupiers under pressure to commence searches for alternative accommodation far earlier than has been the case historically.
Increasingly footloose occupiers
Regearing is also gaining momentum as the shortage of supply stymies the
ability of some occupiers to relocate. In markets where choice is particularly limited, such as the West End, occupiers are increasingly footloose. This is helping landlords in the City achieve new record rents in some cases. For many West End occupiers, the City still offers ‘good value’. Rent free periods across London are still holding, at roughly 21-24 months
on 10 year leases and at about 32-34 months on 15 year leases. That said,
there are some pockets of London, such as Southbank and around Crossrail stations, where an ever tightening vacancy rate has compressed rent free
periods to nearer 18-20 months, for 10 year leases. Requirements from the finance, corporate and professional service sectors continue to account for the bulk of demand in the market, standing at 56%.
Investment turnover recovers
Following a weak Q2, investment turnover volumes partially recovered during the third quarter, falling just short of £2.4 billion, underpinned by
a resurgence in interest in London assets, particularly from the overseas
cohort. We believe this change in risk perceptions around London has been
driven by rising geopolitical tensions elsewhere in the world, most notably
Asia and the Middle East, which has made London look like a relatively
safer haven once more; arguably more so than it did at the start of 2019 as
we approached the original Brexit precipice. That said, with political clarity around Brexit appearing to remain elusive, there are still a large number of overseas buyers that would like to be buying in London, but are not prepared to commit before there is more certainty. While international investors gather on the sidelines in what appear to be increasing numbers, UK investors have leapt to the top of the leader board for London acquisitions, committing almost £1 billion in Q3, taking the nine month total to £2.6 billion. The home team clearly senses an opportunity to secure London assets in a less competitive field, even though yields in the City have now recovered the 25 basis point outward movement from the start of this year, to stand at 4.25% for 10 year income. In the West End, there is a lack of transactional evidence to suggest yields have recovered so they remain at 3.75% this quarter. Despite the compressed yield in the City, London still remains more attractive than many other global gateway locations.
3 Themes for thought
Pres-lets rise as supply weakens
The pre-let office market in London ha never seen such high levels of activity. Underpinned by an ever-decreasing number of options, we are continuing to see businesses committing to space that is under construction. During 2018, 2.1 million sq ft of space was let during construction, the highest level since 2007. During the first nine months of 2019, this trend has persisted, with 1.6 million sq ft let while still being built. What’s more, of the 12.5 million sq ft under construction that we are currently tracking, 48% is committed, with a further 1.85 million sq ft under offer, suggesting that the total stands at 53%.
Some notable pre-lets during
Q3 2019 include:
- British Telecommunications Plc: One Braham, E1 (310,000 sq ft)
- Diageo: 16 Great Marlborough Street, W1 (105,000 sq ft)
- Convene: 22 Bishopsgate, EC3 (99,000 sq ft)
- Bridgepoint Capital Group: Marble Arch Place,W1 (78,000 sq ft)
- Cooley LLP: 22 Bishopsgate, EC3 (75,000 sq ft)
- Bank of Montreal: 100 Liverpool Street, EC2 (60,000 sq ft)
Commercial More Viable Than Residential ?
For residential developers in London, the planning environment remains challenging. More stringent affordable housing policies being introduced by City Hall have come at a time when planning across the capital have undergone sweeping changes and planning departments remain under-resourced. Little more than 9,000 private residential units were started in schemes of 20+ private units in the first half of 2019. If that is repeated during the rest of the year, developers will commence less than two thirds of the housing units started during the 2015 peak. Part of this is due to planning, and managing the viability of developing homes is testing developers. As a result, some are choosing to include a mixture of uses in large-scale developments, in order to keep them viable, or in some cases revisiting consents to include a greater proportion of commercial office space in later phases, likely driven by the strength of the office occupier market. That said, the government does appear to be listening and recently announced a suite of initiatives intended to speed up the planning process. At the Conservative Party Conference the Housing Secretary Robert Jenrick announced the Government’s “vision” for reforming the planning system. The ‘accelerated planning’ green paper, expected in November 2019, will seek views on introducing ‘permission in principle’ to demolish old commercial buildings for new housing and reducing planning conditions by a third. As always the devil will be in the detail but any further squeeze on commercial office space stock will only help to sustain upward pressure on rents.
*Contributed by Patrick Gower (Residential Research) and Nick Diment (Residential Development Planning).
Investment Levels Hampered by Low Stock
While overall investment into London’s office market showed signs of recovering during the third quarter, the total turnover recorded is not a true reflection of the depth of demand. This is largely down to a lack of stock on the market. During Q3, there was £2.9 billion available on the market, spread across 81 assets. This is 21% down on the total for Q2 2019, reflecting the severity of the shortage of openly marketed investments. Potential sellers remain reluctant to bring assets to market in a politically uncertain environment and one where they are also struggling to invest their own funds. Demand for value-add stock, that can take advantage of pressures in the occupational market, is particularly strong. Furthermore, there was £2.4 billion of commercial office assets under offer at the end of Q3, equating to a 38% rise on Q2 and the highest level recorded in 12 months, underscoring the strengthening of purchaser appetite. Investors interested in London have decisions to make. The occupier market dynamics, in particular rising rents, are a clear opportunity, as is for many, the weak pound. However, with Brexit extended and an election looming, not all will have the courage to take advantage of these in the short term.
Markets in Review : The City
Rents remain stable but incentives see downward pressure
Prime headline rents remain stable in the City Core at £72.50 per sq ft, underpinned by falling availability and strengthening demand levels. The availability of stock is at the lowest since the start of 2016, which has in turn driven vacancy rates down to 5.0%. Despite this, rent free periods have remained at 24 months on a typical 10 year lease, although we are beginning to see downward pressure, with increasing examples of tighter rent frees.
Robust occupier activity despite Brexit delay
The delay to Brexit has done little to dent demand, with occupier activity in the City rising for the second consecutive quarter this year. Take-up in the third quarter increased by 22% from 1.6 million sq ft in Q2, to almost 2 million sq ft in Q3.
The level of take-up of new and refurbished stock was the second highest since Q2 2018 and double the levels recorded in Q2 2019. There was a high level of occupier activity in the City Core, accounting for 60% of total take-up in the wider City market. There were 113 deals in the City during the third quarter, seven of which were over 50,000 sq ft, compared to five in Q2. The average deal size in the City now stands at a little over 17,000 sq ft, albeit, 59% of transactions were below 10,000 sq ft. The largest deal was BT’s acquisition at One Braham, Braham Street, E1 totalling circa 310,000 sq ft. The tech (26%), flexible office (25%) and financial (19%) sectors were the most active in Q3, accounting for 70% of take-up. Despite the strong level of occupier activity, tightness of supply has meant that we are seeing a greater number of businesses consider lease regears, especially those in modern buildings who are taking a more cost effective route.
Active requirements rise
Active demand in the City increased for a third consecutive quarter, up by 10% quarter-on-quarter to 5.6 million sq ft by the end of Q3. Levels are at the highest since Q1 2006. Requirements have been bolstered by West End occupiers, drawn to the City by the promise of greater options for large floor plates and also by cost savings. Requirement levels are now 33% above the long-term average of 4.2 million sq ft. The level of active searches over 50,000 sq ft increased further from 27 to 29 during Q3. However, there are just 20 buildings available with over 50,000 sq ft, 13 of which are located in the City Core and just eight of these are of new and refurbished stock.
Refurbished stock down, while supply tightens
Despite the increased level of occupier activity in Q3, supply levels remained stable at 6.1 million sq ft. This was attributable to the increased level of new stock entering the supply figures as they near completion.
There is approximately 2.5 million sq ft under offer across the City market. The current vacancy rate in the City market is now at 5.0% and 5.7% in the City Core submarket.
The supply of new and refurbished stock totalled 1.8 million sq ft at the end of Q3, nearly half the long-term average. There are just three buildings that could offer an occupier over 100,000 sq ft. All located in the City Core, these include: 70 St Mary Axe, EC3; The Scalpel, 52-54 Lime Street, EC3 and Vintners Place, EC4. We are currently tracking ten active requirements for space in excess of 100,000 sq ft by occupiers exclusively targeting the City that are not yet under offer.
Looking ahead at the supply pipeline, total under construction levels in the City are currently 6 million sq ft, of which 40% is already committed, leaving 3.6 million sq ft of speculative space under construction. There is 4.5 million sq ft under construction which is due to complete in the next 12 months, 52% of which is committed.
This leaves just 2.3 million sq ft of speculative space coming through in the next 12 months, which equates to approximately nine months of supply, assuming average levels of new and refurbished take-up.
Investment up, but much hinges on political clarity
Despite the uncertainty surrounding Brexit, demand for London assets is strengthening, reflecting the city’s position as a global investment safe haven. The figure for assets under offer in the City currently stands at a 12 month high of £1.2 billion, which is also 32% up on Q2 of this year. The rising demand and shortage of availability in the City has compressed yields by 25bps to 4.25% for 10 year income.
Furthermore, comparing Q1-Q3 2019 against 2018 as a whole, investors from the Middle East, North America and Europe look set to match, if not better their investment commitments to London’s office market this year.
Looking ahead to 2020, we expect to see a marked increase in overseas investment activity, especially as the government continues to message that a conclusion to Brexit may be near. We feel this will be instrumental in unlocking pent up demand as investors are waiting for greater political clarity before committing to London.
Markets in Review : West End
Occupier activity remains subdued
We continued to witness subdued levels of occupier activity in the West End during the third quarter. Take-up in Q3 was a little over 1 million sq ft, just 2% below the level recorded in Q2, but 16% below the long-term average of 1.2 million sq ft.
Despite this, there are a number of positive indicators that the market remains stable and resilient whilst the ongoing political uncertainty continues.
The competition for Grade A units over 50,000 sq ft still remains a significant market driver. Pre-let activity is still strong, highlighted by the recent acquisition from Diageo at 16 Great Marlborough Street totalling 105,000 sq ft.
Tracking evidence throughout the quarter, prime rents increased from £107 per sq ft in Q2, to £112.50 per sq ft in Q3, with incentives remaining stable between 21-24 months’ rent free on a typical 10 year term.
There were over 170 deals in the West End in Q3, with an average deal size of nearly 6,000 sq ft. 73% of transactions completed were below 5,000 sq ft, making it the most significant component of the market and mirroring the fact that c. 40% of the market is comprised of sub-5,000 sq ft floor plates. The majority (49%) of occupier activity was located in the north of the West End, particularly, Marylebone, Fitzrovia and Soho, as the supply remains under pressure in other submarkets.
It’s not all about TMT
The financial sector overtook the TMT sector during the course of the third quarter, increasing its share of take-up from 19% in Q2 to 38% in Q3, with the TMT sector accounting for just 10%. Two significant deals from the finance sector made up over half of all financial take-up during the quarter; Nationwide Building Society acquired the remaining floors totaling circa 89,000 sq ft at The Post Building, WC1, and Bridgepoint Capital Group completed their deal at Marble Arch Place, 5 Marble Arch, W1, acquiring 78,000 sq ft.
The TMT sector remains the most active over the last 12 months, with take-up from this sector totalling nearly 1 million sq ft. It is worth mentioning that it’s not just tech businesses that remain active, but we are recording strong demand from a range of businesses. The flexible office cohort accounted for 17% of take-up in Q3, up from 9% in Q2.
Above average active demand
Despite the weaker levels of occupier activity during 2019, the level of office space requirements remained stable quarter-on-quarter, totalling 2.2 million sq ft, currently 8% ahead of the long term average. The TMT sector is now the most active in our demand profile, accounting for 34%, followed by finance (31%) and corporates (25%).
There are currently 15 active requirements over 50,000 sq ft that are focussed on the West End. Occupiers who are looking for sizeable units, especially for new and refurbished options, appear to be launching their search well in advance of their lease events to secure to right option and are not necessarily bound by a specific geography, or postcode, but are instead happy to consider options across London.
Half of 12 month pipeline committed
Availability in the West End increased by 3% from 4.5 million sq ft in Q2 to 4.6 million sq ft, however supply levels are still 16% below the long-term average. These conditions have translated into a vacancy rate of 5.3%, compared to a long-term average of 6.1%. The supply of new and refurbished office space fell below the 1 million sq ft mark at the beginning of the year for the first time since Q4 2011 and has continued to decline since, now standing at 814,000 sq ft, 45% below the long-term average. The shortage of options on the market is clearly exacerbating take-up levels, but also the reduction in options is driving West End occupiers to consider other locations in London.
Looking forward at the development pipeline, there is nearly 5.7 million sq ft under construction in the West End, 62% of which is already committed. Furthermore, 50% of the 1.5 million sq ft under construction and due for completion the next 12 months is already committed.
This leaves just 745,000 sq ft of speculative stock, which equates to just over five months of supply, assuming average levels of new and refurbished take-up.
Investment slowdown continues
Investment turnover in Q3 totalled £618 million, down 29% on Q2 and 55% below the long-term average. There were 12 transactions during the quarter, the largest of which was the sale of 23 Savile Row, purchased by a UK investor for £277 million.
Whilst many traditional West End buyers continue to cite political uncertainty as a concern, the biggest cause of reduced turnover is a lack of stock, particularly in the all-important middle-market. Demand is strongest in the sub £100 million range, but this segment of the market has a very limited number of options being openly marketed.
Markets in Review : Docklands & Stratford
Leasing activity remains strong
The headline figures (above) are arguably misleading. Despite a decrease on Q2, for the second consecutive quarter the Docklands and Stratford market saw an above average level of office take-up. Just over 382,000 sq ft of space was let, which is 19% above the long-term average.
The key deal of the quarter was WeWork acquiring of a sublease from the EMA totalling circa 283,000 sq ft at 30 Churchill Place, E14.
In Stratford, Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs signed a pre-let at 14 Westfield Avenue, E20, totalling 58,500 sq ft on a 25 year lease.
So far this year, we have seen just under 1.1 million sq ft of take-up, on par with the same period last year. There is a further 203,000 sq ft under offer in the Docklands and Stratford market. Should this all complete by the end of the year, take-up will have exceeded the long-term average by 36%.
Finance or flexible offices?
Unsurprisingly, it was the flexible office sector that was the most active during the quarter, accounting for 74% of total takeup, followed by the public sector (19%).
However, it is still the financial sector that has acquired the majority of stock over the last 12 months, totaling 373,000 sq ft, which equates to 35% of all space let.
Strong active requirements
Looking at active requirements in this market during Q3, levels of demand are still well above average at 764,000 sq ft. Furthermore, we are tracking a number of occupiers currently located in other submarkets across London who are actively considering the Docklands and Stratford as part of their wider search.
Availability set to fall
Supply in Docklands and Stratford totalled 2.4 million sq ft, increasing 12% on Q2 and 51% above the long-term average. We believe supply has now peaked and levels are likely to fall over the next 12 months as occupier seeking Grade A stock at competitive rents consider this market for their next move.
There is a total of 777,000 sq ft of new and refurbished stock available, with just five 100,000 sq ft+ options in the Docklands.
These include the Import & Export Buildings (R1 & R2) Republic, E14, Altitude, Royal Albert Dock, E16, 15 Westferry Circus, E14, Here East, E15, and 40 Bank Street, E14.
In Stratford itself, supply remains limited, with just over 226,000 sq ft available on the market. The current vacancy rate is 11.3% for the whole Docklands market, with Canary Wharf at 9.2%.
A tightening development pipeline
Despite the seemingly high vacancyrates when compared to othersubmarkets in London, futuresupply remains tight. Looking at thedevelopment pipeline, there is closeto 905,000 sq ft of office space underconstruction due to complete bythe end of 2023.
However, approximately 16% of this is already either pre-let, or under offer.
There is just over 552,000 sq ft due to complete next year, all of which is currently untenanted. This includes 20 Water Street in Wood Wharf, totaling 211,000 sq ft and Cargo, 25 North Colonnade, E14 (341,000 sq ft).
Mixed rental profile
The prime headline rent remainedstable across the Docklands market:£49.50 per sq ft in Canary Wharf,Stratford at £44 per sq ft and theRest of Docklands at £32.50 per sq ft.
Lack of investment stock continue
There were no investment transactions during the third quarter of the year. The supply of investment stock is extremely limited, with just two assets available in Canary Wharf, one of which is already under offer.
A lack of transactional evidence has meant that we have left our prime yield for the Docklands unchanged in Q3 at 4.75%.
Take-up in Southbank totalled almost 47,000 sq ft during Q3, significantly lower than the level recorded in Q2. After a relatively strong number of lease deals in Q2, take-up levels in Q3 were the lowest we have recorded since Q4 2009, and well below the long-term average of circa 214,000 sq ft. So far this year take-up has totalled 284,000 sq ft, significantly behind the 888,000 sq ft recorded in 2018.
There were no deals over 10,000 sq ft in Q3. The largest deal was at The Shard, where retailer, Jellyfish, acquired just under 9,000 sq ft, achieving the highest rent of the year in SE1. The professional sector has been the most active sector during the year so far, accounting for 36% of take-up, followed by the flexible office sector (23%) and the TMT sector (14%).
Severe lack of new and refurbished stock
Availability in Southbank increased 11% quarter-on-quarter from 428,000 sq ft in Q2 to 475,000 sq ft in Q3, however, supply levels remain significantly below the long-term average of just over 1 million sq ft. Of the total amount of offices available to let on the market, new and refurbished supply totals less than 30,000 sq ft and there are no units over 100,000 sq ft. The current vacancy rate now stands at 2.5%; the lowest in London.
Future supply heavily restricted
Over the last 12 months, there has been no development completions. The most recent was the completion of One and Two Southbank Place, both of which are already committed. Looking forward at the development pipeline, there is just one scheme currently under construction speculatively in Southbank; Bankside Yards totaling 220,000 sq ft which is due to complete in Q4 2021. The prime rent remained steady at £70 per sq ft during Q3, primarily due to a lack of transactions in this market.
Investment turnover impacted by lack of options
There were five investment transactions during the third quarter in Southbank, with a total turnover of £108 million, 28% below the £150 million recorded in Q2. The largest transaction was the sale of Blackfriars Crown Court, purchased by Fabrix Capital for just over £65 million.
West End rents set to reach £125 per sq ft by 2023
While prime headline office rents in the City Core and Docklands Core held steady in Q3, rental rates in the West End continued to rise, with prime rents now standing at £112.50 per sq ft. This puts rents in the West End within touching distance of the pre Brexit referendum peak of £115 per sq ft.
Despite the ongoing Brexit talks, we are still seeing many occupiers pressing ahead with expansion or relocation plans. This is of course against a backdrop of a supply starved environment and an office development pipeline that continues to be raided, which is why we are forecasting continued rent rises over the next five years.
Our forecasts indicate that prime headline office rents in the West End Core will end 2019 at £115 per sq ft, up 9.5% on 2018. We then expect rents to grow by an average of 2.1% per annum between 2020 and 2023, delivering total growth of 19% by the end of 2023. By this stage, rents are predicted to stand at £125 per sq ft.
Soho (£104 per sq ft), Fitzrovia (£102 per sq ft) and Marylebone (£104 per sq ft) are all also expected to join the £100 per sq ft rent club by 2023 as strong rental growth in the West End Core ripples outward.
Limited supply pipeline to underpin growth forecasts
Looking at the current development pipeline projections, the West End has a speculative pipeline of 2.1 million sq ft, due to complete by the end of 2022. The long term average annual take-up rate in the West End is a little over 4.9 million sq ft, suggesting there is just over five months of supply remaining, all other things being equal. However it is worth pointing out that the biggest segment of the West End market, c. 40%, falls in the sub 5,000 sq ft floor plate bracket, which is where vacancy rates (c.10%) are almost double those of London (5.7%).
Still, while this projected five-year growth rate of 19% appears strong, it equates to an average annual increase of just £2.50 per sq ft.
Southbank projected to see highest rate of rental growth
Beyond the West End Core, submarkets such as Southbank and the City Core remain relatively good value when compared to the West End. This, combined with a higher number of larger floor plate options (in the City market), plus a limited amount of speculative construction means our rental growth projections suggest these two locations will experience higher rates of growth over the next five years.
In fact, Southbank and the City Core are projected to experience office rent rises of 21.4% and 21.5%, respectively; the strongest rates in London. Like the West End, the availability of stock in the City Core (6.1 million sq ft) is at the second lowest level this year and at level not seen in four years. It is also currently 29% below the long term average, with 40% of space under construction already committed.
For a market like Southbank, vacancy rates for prime space are currently sitting at 2.5% and with limited development planned between now and 2023, rents are expected to come under upward pressure, with vacancy rates expected to ease further. Southbank’s strategic location across from the City and the proximity of one of London’s main commuter rail stations – Waterloo – makes it a highly desirable location and also arguably Central London’s last main regeneration opportunities.
It is however a relatively small submarket, with just 19 million sq ft of prime office space, or about 8% of total stock in London. The tone of this submarket could easily be altered by a few large schemes.
That said, limited development, or indeed redevelopment opportunities are likely to negate the threat of this, at least in the medium term.

domain: economics


text:
I know it’s been too long since I wrote my last article.
This post is about one of my past experiences that I had about a year ago in mussoorie.
Mussoorie is the queen of hills and one of the most exquisite hill station of India.
Being situated in the garwahal district it is the most visited place by the folks of northern India. The mall road is full of hustle and bustle
Including those tibetian refugees who are embroiled in selling there tibetian stuff even in those nippy freezing nights. Their is an indigenous sentient of books which is being imparted by the library at camels back road. It is so emenint , as if it is prompting from behind and calling us to mull over it’s nonchalant books. Queen of hills is a place where Your body gets hemmed in by the aura of that nippy air and that smell of Maggie which is bieng wafted out from those roadside costers titillates your senses.
Nevertheless we never gave it a thought that ‘what the heck am I doing here.’
Cuz in reality we all were here to find solace But still we didn’t , neither we tried to.
Only a very few people know about the other unexplored part of this place.
I think we all should try to break the paradigm of strolling around the streets full of hustle and bustle and should rather shove our soul to saunter along the back lane of the Savoy hotel which is a whole different and adventurous experience in itself.
Albiet there is an eerie sentient in the atmosphere which redolents Agatha Christies debut in mystery genre of novels.
This sentient comes complementary with a spooky feeling which may make you experience cold flashes just in case if you are more into paranomal realm.
This spooky road leads to a really exquisite valley called happy valley which Is a home to a number of tibetian refugees.
Moreover a lot of budding IFS and IPS officers Come here to complete their training.
As your soul continues to stroll around, you will come across a magnificent edifice knows as sheudop choeplin temple.
It’s a budhist monastery accommodated by only a few monks and an old spiritual lady who would be busy in telling the beads of her rosary and taking rounds around those prayer wheels.
There is a state of tranquility in the atmosphere.
If you are finding peace and solace then do visit happy valley along with a novel or perhaps your vlogging camera.
This way you would be able to discover queen of the hills like never before.
(Ps: It’s a 40 to 50 mins long walk along a steep uphill road , so in case you have a weak or fragile stature then hiking is not recommendable, you should rather prefer a car or a taxi.)

domain: literature


text:
The Eb/Road Trecena
This morning (13 March) I was meditating on the Road Trecena and what it means. I was greeted with this article first thing and am in total resonance with it, so want to publish it to spread this vital message further.
Thank you Sean Caulfield who is the writer. His website is
The Universal Frequency.
SELFLESSLY EVOLVE FOR THE GREATER GOOD...
The Mayan calendar aligns to the schedules Creation evolves itself by, we as Creation in human form are the self aware aspect who lives free will and need to choose THE ROAD, being conscious is important.
Start of a new Trecena, a 13 day wave, opening "the road" and allowing you to see it and walk it... 1-Eb/Road/Grass...
Trecenas are thirteen-day periods in the Tzolkin. Each Trecena starts with the Number 1,
but with a different Day Glyph. As a wave of the Thirteen Heavens, the underlying energy
is governed by the First Day Glyph of the Trecena and influences all thirteen successive
Day Glyphs. Being aware of the predominant energy of the First Day of the Trecena, we
can align our intentions with that energy and allow our goals to manifest.
This Trecena starts with 1 Eb (Road/Grass) Abundance, Growth, Harvest, Vital Energy,
Conductor of Destiny, Spiral Ladder of Life.
Road energy symbolizes the vital dew of heaven Blood lightning that connects our physical being to our spiritual being. When you are climbing the pyramid of true destiny, You’ll feel this energy of connection in your heart.
To the Ancient Maya, Eb energy symbolized the ladder that God made to descend from heaven to earth. The Maya called the energy connecting every living being to heaven “Itz” or “dew from heaven.” Climbing this ladder (symbolized by a pyramid) through the Thirteen Underworlds to Heaven was the spiritual path that all must travel. Thus Eb energy became known as the "Road of Life". Info from Mayan Majix www.mayanmajix.com
Yesterday's post explains somewhat...
UNDERSTANDING THE CHANGE...
On a conscious and subconscious level you shine and attract what your mind intends. What you put out returns, especially on a subconscious level. The Light & Shadow aspects of your "Mind" create your reality. The subconscious Mind lives in the shadow, the subconscious is 95 to 99% of what we change by, the conscious mind lives in the LIGHT, this is 1 to 5% of what we change by.
Today, 13-Baatz/Monkey, a very powerful combination for today. 13 ascends to the next level of understanding, the shift of time from one wave of energy to the next changes your perception, you see things differently from before... Monkey is the weaver of the thread of Creation, that time evolves by... A good day to explore and create. Surrender to the truth, allow what you trust and grow with a balanced feeling in your heart.
From tomorrow 12 March starts 1-Eb/Road, initiates, it's the conductor of destiny. Contemplates consequences and safeguards the future. Be in service to community... lets go and allows all to be seen for what it is, Eb is GRASS, it is humble, we walk over it. AWAKEN YOUR LIGHT TO THE REFLECTIONS OF YOURSELF. We are One Heart of diversity. Only the physical separates us. The mind grips us into this dimension, holding us to ransom, holding our Soul captive.... it's time to collaborate with the multidimensional light frequency of the heart, connect to the Universe "within", and dissolve what holds us to ransom, reclaiming our Soul.
TO CHANGE.... in the physical the conditioning of the memory held in the Light we are made of needs to be consciously reprogram by ourselves, so we can transcend the flaws of the old system that we unconsciously fed ourselves by, the old system does not have our best interest at heart. To be courageous we need the HEART.
With my Heart I am doing the work on my light, the light between the 2 hemispheres of my brain. Rewiring my neurons to live in complementary relation. Reprogramming with sacred intent.
Meditating........and continually repeating the new positive and affirming frequency "NEW EARTH" opens me to. Anchoring the Divine heavenly energies in the physical.
We need to CHANGE by the balance of CREATIONS equation, the answer is to look "within" and SACREDLY change inner, for outer to be balanced and be in tune with the frequency of nature.
P.S. Believe in yourself and others will believe in you. Selflessly evolve for the greater good.
With love and resonance from Poppy Joy - Intuitive health coach
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Click here for today's true count date, and then click on the button '9th wave' to see where we are on the ninth wave cycle.
Poppy Joy. Energy reports based on the sacred Mayan true count and waves of creation and an intuitive perspective gained from heart meditations with Mother Earth.


A bald eagle with a broken wing is being cared for by For Heaven’s Sake Animal Rescue in Rochester.
On Tuesday, the rescue group received a call from a Winlock resident reporting that the eagle was in a field on their property and that it appeared to be injured. According to the reporting party, the bird couldn’t fly and could only propel itself off of the ground by about a foot or so.
David Supensky, who helps run For Heaven’s Sake with his wife, Claudia, set out immediately for the Winlock field in order to retrieve the stately bird and begin its recovery process. With the help of a volunteer, Supensky was able to net the eagle in some tall grass and then throw a blanket over it in order to calm it down.
On Thursday, the bald eagle was taken to an avian veterinarian in Maple Valley for an examination.
According to Supensky, the doctors there said that X-rays indicated the eagle’s wing “had been broken for awhile, so they would just tape it and then wait to see if it will eventually get good enough to fly again.”
Supensky noted that the eagle will likely have to stay at the Rochester wild animal rescue for about another month before they take it back to the vet for a round of checkups.
Supensky added that caring for bald eagles is not all that common, even for wildlife rescuers such as he and his wife.
“No, it’s not very often,” said Supensky. “We’ve probably only had three or four in the whole time we’ve been doing this.”
For Heaven’s Sake Animal Rescue is a non-profit organization registered with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. It operates exclusively off of charitable donations. More information on the rescue group can be found on their website at http://www.fhswildliferehab.org/. They also have a Facebook page and can be reached by phone at (360) 273-0550.
For now, the Supenskys are keeping their fingers crossed for the injured bald eagle in their care.
As David noted, “They wrapped it and they don’t know if it’s going to get all the way better, but we’ll just have to wait and see.”
The rescue has named the bird America, or Rica for short.


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If you haven’t yet heard of Ty Segall that will probably change very soon. The twentysomething California native has been exceptionally busy for the last seven years, recording and playing with a slew of bands like Epsilons, Party Fowl, The Traditional Fools, and The Perverts, not to mention stuff released under his own name as well as with White Fence. This prolific output, along with his age, garage-rock influences, and connection to Goner Records might remind you of another overachieving young musician.
When asked about being “the next Jay Reatard” in interviews, Segall admits he considers it a huge compliment. However, Slaughterhouse, the debut recording of Segall and his touring band, should firmly establish him as a musical force in his own right.
Slaughterhouse is a perfect name for 40 minutes of blistering, raw guitar glory. It’s the kind of album that makes hearts explode and ears bleed. It will force angry parents to bang on bedroom doors and scream. It doesn’t sound even remotely compressed or polished. This is the sound of people in love with their guitars.
But do not think that Slaughterhouse lacks tunes. In addition to all those guitars, Ty Segall is also in love with harmonies; every song with vocals features a full dosage of “ooohh”s, too. Yet there are no “singles” here; this is rock & roll immediacy at its finest.
The album opens with “Death,” which blasts your ears with a full minute of feedback before launching into a discernible melody. (About the closest Slaughterhouse gets to straight up pop is “Muscle Man” and even that’s pretty intense.) It sounds heavy and dirty and dark, the Church of Satan’s version of garage rock. But as Slaughterhouse continues, Segall and Company cannot hide their varied influences and considerable talents. Despite the brutal onslaught of guitars, these are some catchy-as-hell songs. Still dirty and dark, but undeniably addictive.
At times, like in “I Bought My Eyes” and “Tell Me What’s Inside Your Heart,” Segall sounds like what John Lennon might’ve if he’d been born ten years later. There is an invigorating, raw energy suffused with the spirit of the early days of rock & roll, or even what punk sounded like before the word itself was coined. It’s really fucking exciting. When Segall screams “FUCK YEAH!” at the end of “Wave Goodbye” it’s like he knows what we’re thinking.
I would like to call out the other three band members by name since they’re all outstanding musicians: Mikal Cronin’s bass is stunning, especially on “Wave Goodbye;” Emily Rose Epstein (female drummer!) bangs out beats like she’s on the verge of a breakdown; and Charles Moothart more than ably assists Segall in making us fall in love with guitars all over again.
In fact, most of the songs are credited to the band as a whole, which gives you an idea of the dynamic between these four people. “Oh Mary” is a Segall-only composition, and there are two covers: “The Bag I’m In” by folk singer Fred Neil (who penned the Harry Nilsson hit “Everybody’s Talkin’”) is nearly unrecognizable as is Bo Diddley’s “Diddy Wah Diddy” (the original almost sounds quaint next to Segall’s searing version).
Slaughterhouse ends with the ten-minute “Fuzz War” which lives up to its title and then some. It’s all distortion, feedback, ambient voices, and noise, cut through with “Iron Man”-style riffage. Perhaps it’s a little self-indulgent, but then again, isn’t all rock & roll?
Ty Segall Band will be touring Europe and North America from July through September. If Slaughterhouse is any indication they are NOT to be missed.
Mon. July 23 / Bordeaux, Fr @ Festival Relâche
Wed. July 25 / Turin, IT @ Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali
Thu. July 26 / Rome, IT @ Roma Vila
Fri. July 27 / Ancona, IT @ Lazzaretto
Sat. July 28 / Bologna, IT @ Bolognetti Courtyard
Sun. July 29 / Helsinki, FI @ Kuudes Aisti Festival
Mon. July 30 / Manchester, UK @ The Castle Hotel
Tue. July 31 / Leeds, UK @ Brudenell Social Club
Wed. Aug. 1 / Brighton, UK @ The Green Door Store
Thu. Aug. 2 / London, UK @ Birthdays
Fri. Aug. 3 / Binic, FR @ Binic Folks Blues Festival 2012
Sat. Aug. 4 / Haarlem, NL @ Garage Festival
Sun. Aug. 5 / Katowice, PO @ Off Festival 2012
Mon. Aug. 6 / Berlin, DE @ Festsaal Kreuzberg
Tue. Aug. 7 / Copenhagen, DK @ KB18
Wed. Aug. 8 / Norway, Oslo @ The Crossroads Club / Øya Festival
Thu. Aug. 9 / Antwerp, BE @ Trix
Mon. Sep. 3 / Seattle, WA @ Bumbershoot Festival
Tue. Sep. 11 / Las Vegas, NV @ Neon Reverb Festival w/ Thee Oh Sees
Thu. Sep. 13 / Denver, CO @ Gothic Theater w/ Thee Oh Sees
Fri. Sep. 14 / Oklahoma City, OK @ ACM at UCO w/ Thee Oh Sees
Sat. Sep. 15 / Austin, TX @ La Zona Rosa w/ Thee Oh Sees
Tue. Sep. 18 / Atlanta, GA @ Goat Farm w/ Thee Oh Sees
Wed. Sep. 19 / Birmingham, AL @ The Bottletree Café w/ Thee Oh Sees
Thu. Sep. 20 / Nashville, TN @ Zombie Shop w/ Thee Oh Sees
Fri. Sep. 21 / Richmond, VA @ Strange Matter w/ Thee Oh Sees
Sat. Sep. 22 / Brooklyn, NY @ The Well w/ Thee Oh Sees
Sun. Sep. 23 / Asbury Park, NJ @ ATP Festival
Tue. Sep. 25 / Buffalo, NY @ Town Ballroom w/ Thee Oh Sees
Wed. Sep. 26 / Toronto, ON @ The Hoxton w/ Thee Oh Sees
Sat. Sep. 29 / Madison, WI @ High Noon Saloon w/ Thee Oh Sees
Sun. Sep. 30 / St. Paul, MN @ Turf Club w/ Thee Oh Sees

domain: artistic


British and Irish Lions rugby union forward Iain Henderson reckons the combined side can take inspiration from Ireland's famous win over New Zealand.
Several of his team-mates were involved in November's victory over the world champions in Chicago.
The Lions will face the All Blacks in three Tests, with the first taking place on June 24.
Henderson says the Irish players will pass on their secrets to success.
"A few them on our team mentioned it. I think the boys managed to get in their faces and get under their skin and disrupt them from their usual game.
"I think that will be a fair crux of what we're looking to do going out there. Not to try and beat them at their own game but beat them at our game."


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IRS Resumes Sending 500 Series Balance Due Notices
Although IRS has continued to issue most agency notices, the 500 series were suspended temporarily due to COVID-19. Some taxpayers have now started to receive the updated 500 series notices with current issuance and payment dates.
The 500 series includes three different types of notices that alert taxpayers about varying stages of nonpayment: the CP501, the CP503 and the CP504. IRS encourages taxpayers who are unable to pay to consider payment options, since penalties and interest continue to accrue.
IRS may be able to remove or reduce some penalties for those taxpayers who have been affected by the pandemic or other circumstances beyond their control. Get details here


1947 Willys CJ-2A
Serial: 207843 Engine: Flathead 4 Cyl. Horsepower: 60HP Transmission: Manual
Upon the arrival of World War II the U.S. military needed a vehicle that could withstand anything and drive through anything. Ford, Willys and Bantam all submitted prototypes to the government, but the Willys MB was far superior both in durability and mechanical strength with its 60 horsepower flathead 4 cylinder that far exceeded the U.S. governments requirements. The do anything, go anywhere vehicle named the "Jeep" proved to be exactly what it was made for and more. After the war, Willys saw a need and a market for durable utilitarian vehicles for all the G.I.'s returning from the war so in 1946 they introduced the civilian model of their famous MB that helped win the war: the CJ-2A.


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Philadelphia’s vibrant culinary scene offers a diverse array of international flavors to tantalize your taste buds. Among the myriad dining options, Mole Poblano stands as a hidden gem, beckoning those in search of an authentic Mexican gastronomic adventure. Nestled at 1144 S 9th St, Philadelphia, PA 19147, Mole Poblano invites you to embark on a captivating journey through the enchanting and savory world of Mexican cuisine.
A Gourmet Passport to Mexico
Mole Poblano is more than just a restaurant; it’s a testament to the passionate dedication of its owners, who bring the rich traditions of Puebla, Mexico, to the heart of Philadelphia. The moment you step through its doors, you’re transported to the vibrant streets of Mexico, where the aroma of spices and the warmth of Mexican hospitality envelop you.
The Menu: An Odyssey of Flavor
The true heart and soul of Mole Poblano reside in its menu, which showcases a delectable array of dishes inspired by the diverse regions of Mexico. Whether you’re a connoisseur of Mexican cuisine or a first-time explorer, there’s something to entice every palate.
Mole Poblano: To truly savor the essence of this restaurant, start with their signature Mole Poblano dish. The velvety sauce, crafted from an intricate blend of chili peppers, chocolate, and spices, is generously poured over tender chicken or turkey. The result is a harmonious fusion of sweet and savory flavors that dance upon your taste buds.
Tacos: The taco selection at Mole Poblano is a revelation in itself. Choose from an array of proteins, including al pastor, carne asada, and pollo, all meticulously prepared with fresh ingredients and served on warm, handcrafted tortillas.
Enchiladas: Dive into a world of flavors with their enchiladas, available in various styles, from verde to roja. These corn tortillas are rolled around your choice of fillings and lavishly smothered in flavorful sauces, topped with cheese, creating a mouthwatering masterpiece.
Tamales: Mole Poblano offers the traditional Mexican delight of tamales. These steamed pockets of masa dough, filled with an assortment of ingredients, are wrapped in corn husks, offering a perfect blend of texture and taste.
Chiles Rellenos: If you crave a spicy kick, the chiles rellenos are a must-try. Poblano peppers are stuffed with cheese or meat, dipped in a fluffy egg batter, and fried to golden perfection.
The Ambiance: A Mexican Soiree
Mole Poblano’s ambiance is a harmonious extension of its culinary offerings. The restaurant exudes warmth and coziness, making diners feel right at home. Adorned with vibrant colors, Mexican artwork, and handcrafted décor, Mole Poblano’s interior creates an inviting space that complements the culinary experience. Whether you’re dining with friends, family, or enjoying a romantic evening, the restaurant’s ambiance enhances the overall visit.
Advice for Entrepreneurs
In our interview with one of the owners, Javier Rios Sr. He shared with us the challenges and benefits from running your own business.
He shared with us that him and his brother took over the business from the original founders, their parents, during 2020 where the pandemic happened. Mr. Rios shared with us that him, his brother and their chef worked as a team to make sure they survived the pandemic.
In our talk he said that he recommends any new entrepreneur to do research before launching a business of any kind.
His sound advice is reflected with a business that has been running for more than 10 years and continues to stay strong within the community they exist in.
When asked about competition he said that he does not feel he is competing with all the other restaurants and shops in the area because in his opinion what matters is the attention and customer service that they provide to their clients.
That is why as a company we at Q Hubo News recommend SEO services in Philadelphia like the ones we offer because it helps highlight the benefit of a business and their offerings to their local community and have organic growth.
Mr. Rios and I ended our interview with the question of what kind of food other than Mexican food he enjoys the most, and his answer was Indian food because of the way they cook their food.
Having tried the food at Mole Poblano I can attest that they offer great and delicious food with a family friendly customer service.
Immerse Yourself in Mexican Tradition
Mole Poblano restaurant, located at 1144 S 9th St, Philadelphia, PA 19147, isn’t just a place to eat; it’s an opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of Mexican culture and tradition. With every dish meticulously prepared and every ingredient carefully selected, Mole Poblano invites you to experience the heart and soul of Mexico in the heart of Philadelphia.
Mole Poblano is a culinary destination where the vibrant flavors of Mexico are celebrated and shared. Whether you’re indulging in their signature Mole Poblano or exploring their diverse menu of tacos, enchiladas, tamales, and chiles rellenos, a visit to Mole Poblano is an immersive journey into the heart of Mexico. Located at 1144 S 9th St, Philadelphia, PA 19147, it’s a dining experience that transcends mere sustenance, offering a cultural and gastronomic delight that should not be missed.
So, the next time you find yourself in the City of Brotherly Love and crave an authentic taste of Mexico, make your way to Mole Poblano. It’s a culinary adventure that will transport your senses south of the border, right in the heart of Philadelphia. With its rich flavors and warm hospitality, Mole Poblano promises an unforgettable dining experience that will leave you longing for more.


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Although whole foods aren’t simply macronutrients, here are some macronutrient guide posts for Ketoflex eating
The relative proportion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats you aim for in your Ketoflex™ diet depends on your unique needs.
Dr. Bredesen generally advises meeting a daily average of 0.8-1.0 gm of protein per kg of lean bodyweight. I personally observe more short-term clinical success with 1 gm protein/kg ideal bodyweight. You can roughly estimate daily protein grams by multiplying your target bodyweight in pounds times 0.45. That’s enough protein to attenuate age-related muscle wasting and below what could contribute to accelerated aging. Note that people who engage in strenuous muscle-building exercise or are actively detoxing may need more than 1 gm protein/kg current bodyweight. This still contrasts to many other ketogenic diets that aim for a much higher protein target.
The daily amounts of carbohydrates and fats depends on biomarkers, lifestyle, goals, cognitive condition, and where you are starting from.
Biomarkers, like fasting insulin and HbA1c, that don’t fall within the optimal ranges printed in “The End of Alzheimer’s” can be signs to reduce carb intake while addressing other lifestyle factors.
Individuals vary widely in their glycemic response to starches, fruits, and legumes. Home monitoring of blood sugar can be an excellent way to determine the types and amounts of carbohydrate foods that your body’s metabolism handles well.
Here’s an example: a typical sedentary adult American over the age of fifty eating an average of 250 grams of carbohydrates each day and exhibiting multiple signs of insulin resistance. This non-athletic adult could begin the first stage of their Ketoflex™ eating plan by aiming to eat below 150 gm of total daily complex carbohydrates—consisting of high-quality wholesome foods, especially various non-starchy, colorful vegetables. Stabilizing blood sugar swings usually entails reducing low-quality carbohydrates—especially processed foods with added sugar or flour—and avoiding high glycemic foods, like fruit juice and rice cakes.
Even though the total carb count in grams is relatively low, a Ketoflex diet includes lots of non-sugary, non-starchy plant foods. So, feel free to pile your plate high with above-ground vegetables–good carbs.
Carbohydrate intake will be more restricted when pursuing a therapeutic ketogenic version of the Ketoflex™ diet.
As a very rough starting guide, you can create a meal with appropriate well-sourced protein and good carbs, then fill in the rest of your meal with healthy fats until you feel full. Strive for meals that leave you satisfied with consistent energy such that you don’t need to eat again for hours. If you’re aiming for therapeutic ketosis, upwards of 60% of your caloric intake would come from good fats.

domain: biology


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I've been wondering who makes these. I've seen your work while looking on Google, and I have to say, it is spectacular! Make me wish Nintendo would have produced at least one sprite-based generation for the 3DS before moving onto 3D.
Has anyone told you how awesome you are?! HONESTLY. Everything you make is so genuinely beautiful, it all looks like you put a lot of effort into your art. You probably took more time on your pixel screen shots then the concept designers of Nintendo did with their Unova Pokemon.
When I look at this, I look back to my childhood. Thank you for making it come alive Q///v///Q

domain: design


US 4258360 A
An optical smoke detector which includes a light source and light sensing element so arranged that the quantity of light detected by the element will be determined by the presence of smoke in the detector, a power source for periodically supplying sets of actuating pulses to the light source, apparatus connected with the light sensing element for detecting light pulses which are synchronized with the actuating pulses and producing an alarm when pulses of a predetermined magnitude are detected.
1. An optical smoke detector, comprising a chamber permitting entrance of smoke, a light source for emitting a light in said chamber, a light sensing element in said chamber for converting incident light produced by the presence of smoke in said chamber into an electrical signal, an alarm device for producing an alarm in response to said electric signal, means for generating a train of dual actuating pulses with said dual pulses occurring within a predetermined period of time and applying said dual pulses to said light source to flash it twice within said period of time, means for detecting dual pulses produced by said light sensing element synchronously with said dual actuating pulses and means for producing an alarm driving signal in response to detection of said dual pulses which are synchronous with said dual actuating pulses.
This invention relates to an optical smoke detector which is generally used for sensing aerosols such as smoke produced by a fire or the like. Particularly, this invention relates to an improvement in the light emitting and sensing system of such types of smoke detectors.
The optical smoke detector generally includes a light source and a light sensing element within a chamber permitting entrance of smoke. The light source and light sensing element are arranged so that the latter receives light from the former which has been scattered by the smoke particles or has penetrated therethrough and senses the smoke through a change in the amount of received light. U.S. Pat. No. 3,555,532 granted to G. S. White et al discloses such a type of smoke detector in which the light source is actuated with a current pulse, for example, once every second in order to save power consumption and also to prolong lifetime of the light source. However, such an optical smoke detector of pulse-actuated type has had a severe problem in that it is easily affected by noise signals which can produce an erroneous alarm.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide an improved optical smoke detector of pulse-actuated type, which is relatively unaffected by noise signals and exhibits high reliability.
In addition to the light source and light sensing element, the optical smoke detector according to this invention includes means for supplying two actuating pulses successively occurring within a predetermined period to the light source to make it to flash twice within this period, means for detecting output pulses of the light sensing element which are synchronous with the actuating pulses, and means for producing an alarm signal in response to detection of two successive synchronous pulses by the detecting means.
Other objects and advantages of the device of this invention will become more apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings forming part of this application.
IN THE DRAWINGS:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block circuit diagram of one embodiment of electric circuitry of the optical smoke detector according to this invention; and
FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram representing various signal waveforms appearing in the circuitry of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, the optical smoke detector of this invention comprises a light emitting section 1, a light sensing section 2, an alarm producing section 3 and a reset pulse generating section 4. In the light emitting section 1, there is provided an astable multivibrator circuit 11, the output of which is coupled to inputs of two delay circuits 12 and 13 having different delay times. The outputs of the delay circuits 12 and 13 are respectively coupled through one-shot multivibrators 14 and 15 and diodes 16 and 17 to a light source driving circuit 18 the output of which is coupled to a light source 19 such as a light emitting diode. The light sensing section 2 includes a light sensing element 21 such as a photodiode the output of which is coupled through an amplifier circuit 22 to one input of each of two comparator circuits 23 and 24. The other inputs of circuits 23 and 24 are respectively coupled to the outputs of the one-shot multivibrator circuits 14 and 15. The outputs of the comparators 23 and 24 are coupled to inputs of two flip-flop circuits 25 and 26, respectively. The alarm producing circuit 3 includes an AND circuit 31 having two inputs supplied from the outputs of the flip-flop circuits 25 and 26. The output of the AND circuit 31 is coupled through an alarm driving circuit 32 to an alarm device such as buzzer or bell 33. The reset pulse generating section 4 includes a pulse generator circuit 41 having an input coupled to the output of the astable multivibrator circuit 11 and an output coupled to one input of an AND circuit 42. An OR circuit 43 has two inputs connected to the outputs of the flip-flop circuits 25 and 26, respectively, and an output connected to another input of the AND circuit 42. The output of the AND circuit 42 is connected to reset terminals of the flip-flop circuits 25 and 26, respectively.
Now, the operation of the circuit of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 in addition to FIG. 1.
In operation, the astable multivibrator circuit 11 produces a rectangular wave signal A having a period of about five seconds, for example. The output signal A is delayed by the delay circuits 12 and 13 having different delay times t1 and t2, respectively, and the delay circuits 12 and 13 produce delayed rectangular wave signals B and D. For instance, the delay times t1 and t2 are 0.05 second and 0.15 second respectively. The signals B and D trigger the one-shot multivibrator circuits 14 and 15, respectively, to produce trains of pulses C and E having a pulse width of about 100 microseconds, for example. The signals C and E are combined through diodes 16 and 17 to form a dual pulse train F. The diodes 16 and 17 serve to block backward currents to the multivibrator circuits 14 and 15. The driving circuit 18 supplies actuating current to the light source 19 in response to the dual pulses to cause it to flash twice within a relatively short time interval, t2 -t1, that is 0.1 second, for example.
The light emitted from the light source 19 is received by the light sensing element 21 the output of which is in turn amplified by the amplifier circuit 22. As the light emitted from the light source 19 is scattered and absorbed by the smoke particles when they exist, the output signal G from the amplifier circuit 22 has some difference in pulse amplitude from the light source actuating signal F. Assuming now that this embodiment is arranged to sense the scattered light and, therefore, the detection signal amplitude increases with an increase of the smoke concentration, the waveform G means that the smoke concentration is highest at the central two sets of dual pulses. This invention intends to produce an alarm only for the cycles to which these dual pulses belong, thereby avoiding interference of random noise signals.
For this purpose, the pulses in the waveform G having amplitudes below a predetermined level S are removed in the comparator circuits 23 and 24 and the remaining pulses are compared in phase with the pulses C and E, thereby producing outputs H and I, respectively, as readily understood from the waveform G. The pulse outputs H and I trigger the flip-flops 25 and 26, respectively, to produce high level signals J and K, respectively. The both signals J and K are coupled by the AND circuit 31 to form a driving signal L. The alarm device 33 is actuated through the driver circuit 32 by this driving signal L to produce an alarm for two cycle times as shown, in this case.
The output signals J and K of both flip-flop circuits 25 and 26 are also processed by the OR circuit 43 to produce a high level output as shown by waveform M. Furthermore, the pulse generator 41 produces a pulse train N in response to the leading edges of the rectangular wave signal A from the astable multivibrator 11. The signals M and N are coupled by the AND circuit 42 to produce output pulses 0. The pulses 0 are applied to reset terminals of the flip-flop circuits 25 and 26 to reset the both flip-flop circuits in synchronism with the leading edges of the signal A.
As described above, according to this invention, noise signals which are generally composed of single discrete pulses are removed from the alarm circuit. Moreover, by the function of the comparator circuits 23 and 24, low level pulses below the reference level S are also removed, so that erroneous actuation of the alarm due to low smoke concentration as caused by a cigarette can be avoided.
It should be noted that the above description has been made for illustrative purpose only and various modification and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claim. For example, the above description has been made in conjunction with an optical smoke detector of light scattering type. More particularly, in this embodiment, the amount of light received by the light sensing element increases with increase of the smoke concentration. However, this invention is also applicable to light penetration types. In the latter case, the amount of light received by the light sensing element decreases with increase of the smoke concentration. It is easily understood that, in this case, the comparators 23 and 24 may be arranged to remove pulses having amplitudes exceeding a predetermined level rather than below a predetermined level. Furthermore, the circuit can be arbitrarily modified to execute the same function. For example, the waveforms C and E can be produced by utilizing a clock pulse generator and appropriate frequency dividers instead of the astable multivibrator 11 and one-shot multivibrators 14 and 15. What is claimed: