High performance silicon wafer and fabrication process
Gettered semiconductor wafers for integrated circuit device manufacture are prepared by grinding a layer of damage into the back face of the wafer to a depth of about 8-35 microns, heating the wafer to a temperature of about 800.degree.-1150.degree. C. for about 1 to 3 hours and quickly cooling the wafer to a temperature below about 600.degree. C., and polishing both sides of the wafer to form a polished, substantially damage-free front face and a smooth back face which has a residual layer of crystallographic damage to provide additional gettering during device manufacture.
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A number of processes have been disclosed to provide gettering in semiconductor materials, such as silicon wafers, so that the yield of integrated circuit devices obtained from the materials is increased. These processes include the mechanical introduction of damage to the back side of the semiconductor materials. The damage has been introduced either before or during the device formation process. As the density of devices formed on a given area of semiconductor material is increased, the need for obtaining semiconductor material having lower defect densities also increases. At the same time, the physical properties of the materials such as warpage and flatness must be held to stricter tolerances. Therefore, a gettering technique must not only provide a reliable increase in electrical properties by reducing the defect density but it must preserve the dimensional integrity of the material at the same time. This becomes more difficult when, for example, silicon wafers having a diameter of 3 inches or more are employed in the manufacture of integrated circuit devices. For example, back side lapping, front side polishing and a high temperature (1250.degree. C.) anneal in an oxygen ambient has been used to improve the electrical characteristics of silicon wafers but severe warpage during processing has been found to occur. Also, the rough back side of the wafers is a potential trap for various processing fluids used in the device manufacturing process which can result in wafer contamination. A process has now been found which provides for the manufacture of semiconductor wafers which have improved electrical properties and which meet the dimensional requirements needed for high density device manufacture.BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention a process for preparing a gettered semiconductor wafer is provided in which the wafer is shaped to form two flat parallel faces and the damage resulting from the shaping operation is removed. A layer of damage, having a depth of about 8-35 microns, is then ground in a first face using a rotating abrasive means. The wafer is heated, after grinding, in an inert atmosphere for a time and temperature sufficient to getter impurities and to relieve the stresses caused by the grinding and the wafer is quenched after heating. The wafer is polished on both faces to remove the cavities and form a smooth surface on the face into which the damaged layer was ground while retaining a layer of crystallographic damage adjacent to the face for gettering during device fabrication and to form a polished, substantially damage-free front face into which semiconductor devices are to be formed.
Also provided is an improved gettered semiconductor wafer having a polished substantially damage-free front face and a smooth back face which has a layer of mechanically produced crystallographic damage adjacent to the back face for gettering during device manufacture.DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a highly schematic plan view of an apparatus suitable for forming the damage layer in the gettering process of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the damage pattern formed on the wafer.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The type of damage found effective in the process of the invention is that produced by a rotating abrasive means. An example of a suitable means is a Mueller grinder which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1. The grinder 11 is conventionally used to remove damage from the crystal slicing operation and to provide a semiconductor wafer having flat parallel surfaces. The grinder has a rotating grinding wheel 13 which is of a much larger diameter than wafers 15. Wafers 15 are held stationary on rotating table 17 which carries the wafers under the wheel 13. In a preferred mode, grinding wheel 13 is tilted a few degrees from horizontal so that its leading edge 19 contacts wafers 15. The damage pattern produced on wafers 15 will vary somewhat, depending upon where each wafer is placed on table 17, but it is generally a series of slightly arcuate lines 21 as illustrated in FIG. 2. The height of wheel 13 above the surface of table 17 is adjusted in order to control the amount of material removed by each pass of wafers 15 under wheel 13. Usually a thickness of about 45 microns, or about 2 mils (0.002 inches), is removed during the grinding process which is carried out in stages so that progressively a smaller amount of material is removed at each stage with rough grinding removing 2 to 3 microns per pass, medium grinding 1 micron and fine grinding a half micron per pass. The rough grinding stage removes about 10 to 20 microns total, medium grinding removes about 15 to 20 microns total, and fine grinding and finishing the remainder. The table speed during rough grinding is about 5 to 10 rpm and fine grinding about 1 to 3 rpm. The grinding wheel speed is in the range of 1200 rpm. Water is used as a lubricant during the grinding process. The depth of damage is a function of the grit size of the grinding wheel. Grit sizes of 100 to 1200 of an abrasive material such as, for example, diamond, can be employed to produce damage depths of about 30 to 35 microns in the case of 100 grit down to about 5 to 10 microns in the case of 1200 grit. A preferred grit size is 400 which produces an average depth of damage of about 19 microns which can be readily polished to leave a smooth back surface having a residual layer of damage of 10-12 microns in depth.
In order to obtain the gettering effect of the invention, it is necessary to heat the wafers in an inert atmosphere prior to the initial oxidation. Heating temperatures of about 800.degree. to 1150.degree. C. can be employed. Suitable times range from about 1 to 4 hours. Times of under 1 hour may not produce a maximum benefit and times of more than 4 hours are unnecessary. Preferred heating conditions are about 1000.degree. C. for about 3 hours. The heating also relieves stresses caused by the unsymmetrical damage pattern, so that the product wafers will not only meet initial warpage specifications but will not warp during processing. It is preferred to carry out the heating step prior to polishing as this avoids unnecessary handling of the polished wafer. Also, in the case of larger wafers, for example wafers which are 3 inches or more in diameter, it has been found that non-heat treated wafers have sufficient bow caused by the back side damage, even when small 1200 grit size is employed to produce the damaged layer, that a larger amount of material may be removed at the edges of the face of the wafer which protrude from the polishing nest. This causes the top surface to be beveled in from the edge of the wafer. This is unsuitable because it will cause the lithographic patterns around the edge of the wafer to be distorted during device processing and the beveled wafers, therefore, do not meet the flatness tolerances necessary for producing high density devices. Although this can be avoided by the use of a thicker than normal wafer nest, it is also believed that it can be avoided by the prepolishing heat treatment which relieves the bow caused by the unsymmetrical damaged pattern. In order to achieve the full gettering action, the wafers should be cooled or "quenched" prior to device processing down to less than about 600.degree. C. This can be accomplished by removing the wafers from the furnace into the end cap of the furnace which is at a temperature of about 400.degree. C. so that they quickly cool to below 600.degree. C. in about 2-3 minutes.
The process of the invention produces a wafer which has a substantially damage-free front face in which the devices are to be formed. It also produces a smooth back surface which has a residual layer of lattice damage for gettering during device manufacture. This has the advantage of avoiding the trapping of contamination such as from handling equipment and processing solutions which can occur if the surface is rough and pitted. By smooth is meant an almost polished appearance which is substantially free of any visible cavities or pits. The gettering layer consists of a network of substantially linear dislocations terminating upon one another. The defect density is on the order of 1 .times. 10.sup.8 to 1 .times. 10.sup.10 per square centimeter. The network is confined to a plane parallel to and adjacent to the back surface of the wafer. Upon heat treatment the network remains confined to the plane adjacent to the back surface and does not propagate out of the plane.
The process can employ the so called free polishing process and apparatus which is described, for example, in IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin by F. Goetz and J. Hause "Planetary `Free` Wafer Polisher", Vol. 15, No. 6, pages 1760-1761, November 1972 or U.S. Pat. No. 3,691,694. A suitable polishing process is, for example, silica polishing. In the silica polishing process, a polishing slurry is used which includes a colloidal silicon dioxide abrasive, sodium dichloroisocyanurate as an oxidizing agent, and sodium carbonate as a base. The Ph of the polishing slurry is below 10. In the free polishing process, both sides of the wafer can be polished simultaneously or a wafer nest can be used which polishes only one side at a time as described, for example, in IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin by T. B. Free "Single-Sided Free Polishing", Vol. 19, No. 12, page 4592 and IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin by G. Markovits and E. Velky, "Free Polishing Apparatus", Vol. 19, No. 12, pages 4594-4595, May 1977. A two step process, in which the front surface is partially polished by single side polishing and then both surfaces are simultaneously polished by double side free polishing has been found to be advantageous to assure that the back side damage is not completely removed due to variations in the material removal rate which can occur in a production environment. Alternatively, the sides could each be polished separately. Other polishing apparatus and processes could be employed which produce a polished damage-free front side and a smooth back side with a residual layer of crystallographic damage which is sufficient to provide gettering during device processing.
The process of the invention is applied prior to device processing. In the production of silicon semiconductor wafers it is conveniently applied after the initial crystal slicing and wafer shaping operations. For example, wafers are sliced from a crystal and then ground in the Mueller grinder on both sides in order to produce a wafer having parallel faces. The grinding damage is then removed by etching in a so called "chem thinning" step. The wafers would then, conventionally, be polished. The gettering process can be started right after the chem thinning step so that it is compatible with the conventional wafer manufacturing process.
The invention is further illustrated by, but it is not intended to be limited to, the following examples.EXAMPLE 1
Silicon semiconductor wafers 2 ohm centimeter P-type 31/4 inch in diameter were sliced from a crystal to give an initial wafer thickness of 26 .+-. 1 mils. The sliced wafer is then ground on both sides to produce a wafer having two flat parallel surfaces with a thickness of about 21 mils. The wafer edges are then chamfered to reduce edge friability and chem thinned to remove the grinding and chamfer damage to produce a wafer having a thickness of about 18 mils with two flat parallel surfaces. The foregoing is conventional. The chem thinned wafer is then placed in the Mueller grinder and the back side only is ground using a diamond grit size of 400 so as to produce a wafer with a thickness of about 16.5 mils and a back side damage depth of about 19 microns. The wafer is then heated for 3 hours at 1000.degree. C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and is quickly withdrawn from the furnace to the furnace end cap temperature so that it rapidly cools below 600.degree. C. This relieves the stresses from the unsymmetrical damage configuration and accomplishes the gettering of any impurities. The wafer is then placed in a free polishing apparatus with the front side only exposed to the polishing process and silica polished to produce a polished damage-free device face on the wafer which now has a thickness of about 16 .+-. 0.4 mils. The wafer is then placed in a wafer nest which exposes both surfaces to the free polishing process and both sides are simultaneously silica polished. This removes the rough surface topology from the back surface and eliminates cavities which are potential contaminate traps while leaving behind sufficient crystallographic damage to do additional gettering during the device processing. The polishing process removes about half of the damage layer which leaves a residual damage depth, when using a 400 grit wheel, of about 12 to 13 microns. If a 1200 grit wheel is used the residual damage depth would be about 2 to 3 microns. The final wafer thickness is 15.5 .+-. 0.5 mils. Sample wafers which were produced by the process of Example 1 were measured for warpage and flatness using a light interference technique in which the interference rings are counted. The wafer is in a condition in which its bottom face is pulled down on a vacuum chuck for the flatness measurement. The vacuum is released for the warpage measurement. The average flatness was 0.3 mil with a range of 0.24 to 0.42 mil with all the fringes being counted to the edge of the wafer. The average warpage was equal to 0.29 mil with a range of 0.24 to 0.30. Two groups of control wafers which were processed in accordance with Example 1, except that the heat treatment was eliminated, were roughly equivalent to the heat treated wafers in flatness, but the average warpage of the two groups of samples was high being 1.8 mils and 1.54 mils respectively. Ten sample wafers which were produced by the process of Example 1 were measured for their electrical properties and defect densities were determined. The wafers were oxidized and 120 aluminum dots which are each 60 mils in diameter were deposited on the front surface. Each dot was individually electrically tested and the defect density calculated from the results. The defect density ranged from 2 to 29 defects per cm.sup.2 with an average of about 7 defects per cm.sup.2. Twelve control wafers were double sided polished in a normal manner following chem thinning. Three wafers were total failures (>500 defects per cm.sup.2). The other nine wafers gave defect densities of about 6 to about 190 defects per cm.sup.2 with an average of over 70 defects per cm.sup.2.EXAMPLE 2
Chem thinned silicon semiconductor wafers, 10 to 20 ohm/cm P-type, 57 millimeters in diameter (type A) and 2 to 4 ohm/cm P-type, 57 millimeters in diameter (type B) were ground on the back side only with the Mueller grinding using diamond grit sizes of 400, 240, and 100, respectively to produce different depths of damage in different wafer samples. The samples were then silica polished on both sides to leave a residual back side damage layer of about 10 microns in depth. The resultant back side finish varied from an almost polished appearance for the 400 grit wheel to a heavily pitted surface with a 100 grit wheel. Control wafers were not damaged but were double side polished. The damaged wafers were treated in a furnace at 1000.degree. C. in nitrogen for 3 hours and removed from the furnace to cool below 600.degree. C. They were then reinserted along with the control wafers and oxidized to form an oxide layer of about 5000 A in thickness. 120, 60 mil in diameter aluminum dots were deposited and tested. The results are shown in Tables I and II below where defect density was calculated from the electrical tests.
TABLE I ______________________________________ Type A Defects/cm.sup.2 Backside Grinding Damaged Wheel Sample Wafers Controls ______________________________________ 400 1 1 145 Grit 2 1 78 240 1 0 131 Grit 2 1 105 100 1 1 52 Grit 2 2 60 Avg. = 1 Avg. = 95 ______________________________________
TABLE II ______________________________________ Type B Defects/cm.sup.2 Backside Grinding Damaged Wheel Sample Wafers Controls ______________________________________ 400 1 1 24 Grit 2 2 91 240 1 2 9 Grit 2 2 105 100 1 0 52 Grit 2 0 73 Avg. = 1 Avg. = 59 ______________________________________
Sample wafers processed in the same way but using a 1 hour heat treatment gave a similar result with an average defect density of around 8.EXAMPLE 3
Chem thinned silicon semiconductor wafers of Type A and B as described in Example 2 were back side damaged with a 400 grit diamond wheel in the Mueller grinder after chem thinning and then polished. Some of the samples were heated for 3 hours in nitrogen and quenched by removing them from the furnace. Other samples were oxidized without removal from the furnace with the temperature maintained at 1000.degree. C. Other samples were tested which were not heated at all. In each case, controls were tested which did not have the back side damage layer. The defect density results are shown in Table III below.
TABLE III ______________________________________ Defects/cm.sup.2 (Range) Process Type A Type B ______________________________________ Damage, heat, quench 1-10 4-5 heat, quench 25-91 14-50 Damage, heat, no quench 6-8 11-14 heat, no quench 10-27 7-9 Damage only 50->500 -- Untreated 79 16-22 ______________________________________
It can be seen from Table III that the damaged, heated and quenched wafers gave improved results compared with the various control wafers.
The foregoing has described a process for obtaining semiconductor wafers having improved electrical properties which are produced by a process compatible with normal wafer production using standard equipment. The wafers meet rigid dimensional specifications and have a residual layer of damage for gettering during device processing.
While the foregoing invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
1. A process for preparing a gettered semiconductor wafer comprising:
- (1) shaping the wafer to form two flat parallel faces and removing damage resulting from said shaping,
- (2) grinding a layer of damage having a depth of about 8-35 microns in a first face with a rotating abrasive means,
- (3) heating the wafer in an inert atmosphere for a time and temperature sufficient to getter impurities and to relieve stresses caused by said grinding and quenching said wafer after heating and,
- (4) polishing said faces to form a smooth surface on the first face, while retaining a layer of crystallographic damage adjacent said face, and to form a polished substantially damage-free second face.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the semiconductor is silicon.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the abrasive means is diamond having a grit size ranging from about 100 to 1200.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the heating step occurs after grinding and before polishing.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the heating step is in a furnace at a temperature of about 800.degree. to 1150.degree. C. for a time of about 1 to 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere and the wafer is quenched by removing the wafer to a lower temperature so that it cools to below about 600.degree. C. prior to further processing.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the polishing is free polishing with silica.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the layer of crystallographic damage consists of a network of substantially linear dislocations terminating upon one another having a defect density of from about 1.times. 10.sup.8 to 1.times. 10.sup.10 per cm.sup.2 with the network being confined to a plane parallel to the first face.
8. The process of claim 6 wherein the polishing is performed in two stages in which the second face is single side polished to form a polished, substantially defect surface and then the first and second faces are simultaneously polished such that the second face has a residual layer of crystallographic damage having a depth of about 10-12 microns.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the heating step occurs after grinding and polishing.
10. A process for making a high performance silicon semiconductor wafer with built in gettering prior to device fabrication comprising the steps of:
- (1) shaping the wafer to form two flat parallel surfaces,
- (2) chemically treating the wafer to remove damage resulting from said shaping,
- (3) grinding a layer of damage having a depth of about 8-35 microns in only one of said surfaces with a rotating abrasive means,
- (4) heating the wafer, after grinding in an inert atmosphere from a time and temperature sufficient to getter impurities and relieve stresses caused by said grinding and quenching said wafer after heating,
- (5) polishing only the other surface after said heating and quenching and
- (6) simultaneously free polishing both surfaces to remove cavities from the damaged surface while retaining a residual layer of crystallographic damage for gettering during device fabrication.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the rotating abrasive means is a 400 grit diamond wheel and the heating is in a nitrogen atmosphere at about 1000.degree. C. for about 3 hours and the residual layer damage depth is from about 10 to 12 microns.
12. A gettered semiconductor wafer having a polished substantially damage-free front surface and a smooth back surface which has a layer of mechanically produced crystallographic damage adjacent to the back surface for gettering during device processing wherein said damage consists of a network of substantially linear dislocations terminating upon one another having a defect density of from about 1.times. 10.sup.8 to 1.times. 10.sup.10 per cm.sup.2 with the network being confined to a plane parallel to the back surface.
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- Poponiak et al., "Gettering Technique . . . Device," IBM-TDB, 16 (1973) 1063. Poponiak et al., "Gettering--Implant Damage . . . Layer" IBM-TDB, 19 (1976) 2052. Beyer et al., "Gettering & Barrier Technique" IBM-TDB, 19 (1976) 2050. Pomerantz, ". . . S.F. in Si Epi-Layers" Jour. Appl. Phys. 38 (1967) 5020. Tash et al., "Plastic Defor. & MOS . . . ", Semiconductor Si ed. H. R. Huff et al. The Electrochem. Soc. Symp. 1973, p. 658. Nakamura et al., . . . Gettering . . . in Si Jap. Jour. Appl. Phys. 7 (1968) 512.
Filed: Oct 31, 1977
Date of Patent: Mar 13, 1979
Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY)
Inventors: Harold D. Edmonds (Hopewell Junction, NY), Gary Markovits (Poughkeepsie, NY)
Primary Examiner: L. Dewayne Rutledge
Assistant Examiner: Upendra Roy
Attorney: David M. Bunnell
Application Number: 5/847,383
International Classification: H01L 21322; H01L 21324;


text:
Cory Booker would get to the subject of President Donald Trump and the resistance. He would get to the disunited Democratic Party and his vision for its future. But the New Jersey senator began the closing keynote of the Center for American Progress Ideas Conference last Tuesday with a story about Alice in Wonderland and his mother. He had recently watched her play the Red Queen in her retirement community’s production of the Lewis Carroll classic, and was moved by one of her character’s famous lines. After Alice declares, “one can’t believe impossible things,” the queen responds, “I daresay you haven’t had much practice then.... Why, sometimes I’ve believed in as many as six impossible things before breakfast.”
Booker had lots to say about the impossible on Tuesday. He quoted James Baldwin: “I know what I’m asking you is impossible, but in our time, as in every time, the impossible is the least we can demand.” He spoke of “an impossible dream in America that has yet to be made real.” It was an earnest and emotional speech about finding light in a time of darkness, and it set Booker apart from several other senators—and potential 2020 presidential candidates—who gave speeches that day. Kirsten Gillibrand and Kamala Harris each gave shorter remarks, focused on their pet issues of paid leave and criminal justice reform, respectively. Elizabeth Warren delivered the lunch keynote, railing righteously, as she always does, against concentrated money and power in politics. None of them held the crowd’s attention like Booker.
Booker’s rousing rhetoric is a key reason he’s considered a 2020 contender, but his crowd-pleasing performance on Tuesday belied the hostility he’d face in a Democratic primary. A neoliberal who’s cozy with the monied elites of Wall Street and Silicon Valley, he’s distrusted by many on the left. “He’s a non-starter right now,” Markos Moulitsas, founder of the influential liberal website Daily Kos, told me. “He hasn’t proven his ability to distance himself from the Wall Street and Big Pharma interests that have basically been the bedrock of his support.”
Booker’s defenders have long refuted this criticism. He has taken on the financial industry in the Senate, most recently by opposing the attempted rollback of Wall Street regulations and an Obama Labor Department retirement-savings rule finalized last year. Nor is Booker as centrist as New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, another blue-state 2020 prospect. But in this populist moment, as some progressives demand ideological purity from Democrats, Moulitsas’s widely held criticism might be enough to sink Booker’s chances in 2020.
There’s also the problem of Booker’s brand, which is perhaps best described as positivity politics: He embraces bipartisanship, and refuses to vilify his political opponents. His warm and generous spirit would be welcome under normal political circumstances, but his style has lost currency under a unified Republican government, as the Democratic base demands outright obstruction. Booker has shown of late, albeit haltingly, that he can move left with the times. But could he be convincing as a more combative progressive, or would his reputation overwhelm his rhetoric? More importantly, would doing so erase what makes Booker unique—the very qualities that enabled his swift ascent to national stardom, and which no doubt would serve him well in a general election against Donald Trump?
As mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 2006 to 2013, he became a political celebrity thanks to his social media savvy and self-publicized acts of heroism, like saving a woman from a burning building. But the further he rose, the more critics he faced from the left.
“Cory Booker Is Even Worse Than His Critics Say,” the New Republic declared after he won the 2013 Democratic primary for Senate. “What Booker has in mind when he alludes to being an agitator is agitating for the cause of himself,” Noam Scheiber wrote. “Booker shares a worldview with the financial elites who fund his campaigns. If one can deduce from his record and his public statements, he believes the economy functions best when wealthy people are allowed to deploy their capital freely, and that progress ensues when they train some of their gains on society’s ills.”
That same year, The Atlantic’s Molly Ball asked the question, “Why Do Liberals Hate Cory Booker?”
What Booker’s critics mainly take issue with are his associations, his persona, and unprovable allegations about his “worldview.” Exhibit A is always Booker’s notorious appearance on Meet the Press in May 2012, in which he called the Obama campaign’s attacks on private equity “nauseating” and pleaded for more civility in the campaign. Booker subsequently attempted to clarify that he supported the specific critiques of Mitt Romney’s record that had been leveled, but for some liberals, the betrayal was complete and irreversible. “When the predatory nature of America’s business elites threatened to become an actual political issue, Cory Booker leaped to salve the wounded fee-fees of the crooks,” Esquire’s Charlie Pierce wrote this month. “Which is why I would not vote for Cory Booker.”
None of this derailed Booker’s political rise. He won his 2013 special election for Senate by 10 points, and won re-election a year later by 13. Hillary Clinton considered him to be her running mate last year, and he gave a well-received speech at the Democratic National Convention. “We cannot be seduced by cynicism about our politics, because cynicism is a refuge for cowards, and this nation is and must always be the home of the brave,” he declared, with obvious echoes of then-Senator Barack Obama’s convention speech 12 years earlier. “We will not falter or fail. We will not retreat or surrender our values. We will not surrender our ideas. We will not surrender the moral high ground. Here in Philadelphia, let us declare again that we will be a free people. Free from fear and intimidation. Let us declare, again, that we are a nation of interdependence, and that in America, love always trumps hate. Let us declare, so that generations yet unborn can hear us. We are the United States of America. Our best days are ahead of us.”
That speech had some wishing Booker were accepting the nomination rather than Clinton, but the Trump era has brought renewed scrutiny of his record from progressives. Like all of his Democratic colleagues and even two Republican senators, Booker voted against the confirmation of Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. But he was rightly called out for hypocrisy, given that he previously worked with DeVos to promote “school choice” policies, including private school vouchers. Booker also voted against an affordable drug proposal from Senator Bernie Sanders, before ultimately backing a compromise bill. Booker said his initial opposition was based on the need for safety provisions, but critics weren’t buying it. “This is silly, given that Americans already import drugs from Canada illegally and it hasn’t resulted in a public health emergency,” argued the New Republic’s Alex Shephard. “Similarly, the Canadian drug industry doesn’t exactly have a reputation for being dangerous.” Vox’s Jeff Stein wrote that “while it’s true that his vote may have had more to do with the concentration of the pharmaceutical industry in his home state, it’s also only served to confirm some progressives’ suspicions that he’s too closely allied with corporate interests in the Democratic Party.”
Much of the criticism of Booker is still about tone. Adam Green of the Progressive Change Campaign committee said Booker has been getting better over the years, but still needs to do more:
One of the biggest issues some people had with Cory Booker over the years is an unwillingness to name villains—which is an essential part of story telling and which Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders do very well. Unfortunately, Trump did this in 2016 and sold people on the idea that their economic pain was the result of immigrants and other races as opposed to corporate CEOs who aren’t sharing wealth with workers. Fortunately, Booker has begun to be more aggressive in the Trump era, and it’s a pending question as to whether he will be willing to call out Wall Street bank CEO’s for defrauding millions of Americans and hurting our economy. We shall see, but things are progressing.
Moulitsas argues anyone thinking about 2020 needs to catch up with the grassroots—or ideally get ahead of them—when it comes to stopping Trump and the Republican Congress. He foresees a massive field of Democratic candidates: “I’m absolutely convinced that we’re going to have an embarrassment of riches.” That means progressives “don’t need to settle for second best. Our bench is growing,” he said. “The reason I’m even taking a call about 2020 is because Democrats today need to think about what 2019 looks like. The first question anybody in the resistance is going to ask is where was this person in 2017? If they weren’t with us in 2017, that will make it really easy to whittle down that list.... You’re either with the resistance today or I would say don’t even bother running.”
Booker sees himself as very much with the resistance. He took a big stand against his colleague Jeff Sessions’s nomination for attorney general, joining Representative John Lewis to testify against him. In January, NJ Advance Media called Booker “a leading voice of dissent in the Democratic Party as the Donald Trump era begins,” adding, “It’s a sudden turn of events for a lawmaker who arrived at the U.S. Capitol with a reputation for liking the spotlight but instead sought to hide from its glare, working quietly with members of both parties to advance legislation and using his celebrity status to help elect more Senate Democrats.” At CAP on Tuesday, Booker said, “I want to fight in this climate. I want to dedicate myself. But we cannot just be a party of resistance—we’ve got to be a party that’s reaffirming that American dream.”
Booker has long preached unity and transcendence. Progressives may want him to “name villains,” but he told Salon in 2013, “I don’t believe in wholesale vilification of any industry in the United States.” The title of his book last year says it all: United: Thoughts on Finding Common Ground and Advancing the Common Good. He’s worked across the aisle for good, as with his work on criminal justice reform with Senator Rand Paul, and for ill, as with his corporate school reform efforts in Newark with Governor Chris Christie and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.
Last summer, in a sign that he sees Booker as a political threat, Trump attacked the senator’s impassioned convention speech:
Booker responded neither with snark nor insult, instead telling Trump, “I love you, I just don’t want you to be my president.”
Booker has long been compared to Obama, for reasons both lazy and legitimate. Their race aside, they’re both gifted orators who call for healing divisions, building bridges, overcoming political cynicism and partisan rancor—in other words, they evangelize for hope. They’re also not easy to pin down ideologically, and have angered their fair share of progressives and centrists. Tad Devine, who served as Bernie Sanders’s senior strategist last year, said any comparisons to Obama would serve Booker well. “I think voters would say they’d like another round of that, thank you very much,” he said.
But the message that worked for Obama in 2008, after eight years of hopeless wars under President George W. Bush, may not work for Booker in 2020, after four years of chaos and incompetence under Trump. If progressives’ mood today is any indication, the Democratic base will demand anger and fiery obstructionism, which is hardly Booker’s style. If he adopted such a persona in the party’s primary, would the Bernie wing believe it? Not likely.
Booker also thinks it’s a mistake for Democrats to “become what we’re trying to replace,” treating Trump and Republicans like the GOP treated Obama. “I literally have these arguments with supporters or fellow Democrats all the time,” he said earlier this month on The Ezra Klein Show, “where they say, ‘Enough with the love and kindness stuff, Cory. We’ve got to fight.’ And I say, ‘When are those mutually exclusive?’.... I think, again, we lose a bit of our moral compass when we are demonizing other people.” He added, “I just don’t believe you need to be mean, you need to be deceitful, you need to practice the dark arts in order to win elected offices.”
Booker may not have to completely transform himself to win the Democratic nomination, either. If he can monopolize support from black voters—which may require outmaneuvering Kamala Harris—and pick up enough moderate Democrats, he could conceivably be the party’s pick to take down Trump. While Booker’s lack of populist bona fides could prove damaging in a general election, too, a constitutional crisis may well override concerns about, say, his Wall Street ties. But even in that scenario, it’s hard to imagine Booker succeeding with his same old message. It’s hard to be both a lover and a fighter—and you certainly can’t kill Trump with kindness.

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- ‘Sonar Pahar’ teaser: Parambrata Chatterjee shines in his upcoming directorial
The recently released teaser of ‘Sonar Pahar’ has left us spellbound. The Parambrata Chatterjee directorial is a story of how a naughty little boy befriends an old woman. The film also revolves around a struggling father and a friend, who with his charismatic image changes the equations of the relationships around them.
- I don't believe that casting couch exists, says Malayalam actress Yamuna
Yamuna is against debates on casting couch. She feels no professional person will approach the artist with wrong intentions unless the latter hints at it. She also points out that if a person approaches an artist asking for sexual favours in return for a role, it is surely for his own needs and not a good project.
- Angry over ‘parking snub’, MMiC takes it lying down
KOLKATA:Bidhannagar MMiC (mass education) Rajesh Chirimar laid down on a piece of cloth near the parking lot in Poura Bhavan for almost an hour protesting against the way he was treated by the security personnel. He alleged that they misbehaved with him when he tried parking his car in the premises. Around 1.50pm on Wednesday, Chirimar was allegedly stopped by the Poura Bhavan security personnel, who said saying there was no space to park his car. “I called up the municipal commissioner and the finance officer twice and waited in my car for 30 minutes but there was no response from their side. I then laid there for about an hour to protest against the matter. Even then, no one from upstairs came to see me,” Chirimar said. Later when MMiC (lighting and parks) Sudhir Saha — who was visiting the corporation — requested Chirimar to stop agitating, he finally got up and left in an auto. Chirimar alleged that it wasn’t only on Wednesday that the security personnel misbehaved with him. “This has been going on since the last two-and-a-half-years. They don’t let me park my car inside saying I should come early if I want a parking spot. But some of the lower rank officials often park their cars inside. I’m very disappointed,” he said. Chirimar said he wouldn’t go to the corporation till the matter is sorted. “I’ve informed my seniors. I don’t have to go to the corporation to carry out my responsibilities. I’ll sit on the road and work,” he said. Mayor Sabyasachi Dutta said, “Chirimar has not talked to me about this. As far as I know, everybody gets to park their vehicle inside.”
- Textile unit owner robbed at knife point in Udhna
SURAT: Three unidentified robbers robbed a textile weaving unit owner of Rs 1.67lakh cahs at knife-point in Udhna on Wednesday. The unit owner was making payment of salary to his employees when the robbers barged into the factory. Police booked three unidentified persons in Udhna police station for the robbery following complainant by Gyanesh Patel of Sonal Industry. Patel had recently withdrawn Rs 6 lakh from bank to make salary payments. The robbers arrived on a motorcycle and had not covered their faces. They showed Patel the knife and asked him to handover the cash. Fearing attack, Patel handed over the cash after which the robbers escaped. Police believe that the robbers are not hardcore criminal and they must have acted on tip given by some employee of the unit. “The robbers got information about cash from some insider. We are hopeful to crack the case soon,” said police.
- Sterlite:MDMK Vaiko moves court
MADURAI: Seeking direction to the central and state governments not to give environment clearance to Sterlite Industries and to close the existing industry, general secretary of the MDMK, Vaiko has filed a public interest litigation. The petitioner said that the environmental clearance, already granted by the central and state governments to the company came to end on March 31 last. Now, no clearance has been given. Without valid permission, the company has started works for its expansion. The petitioner further pointed out that in the beginning he had already filed a case before the high court bench seeking closure of the industry in 1997 and the court on September 28, 2010 ordered for its closure. Aggrieved over it, when the company went to the Supreme Court, it set aside the direction of the high court, but made it clear that its judgment would not stand in the way of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board issuing directions to the company including closure of the plant for the protection of environment in accordance with law.
- Ministry of home affairs withdraws Hardik Patel’s security
AHMEDABAD: The ministry of home affairs (MHA) has withdrawn the ‘Y’ category security cover given to Patidar quota stir leader Hardik Patel. Patel, who addressed more than 100 public meetings in the run up to the 2017 Gujarat assembly elections, was given ‘Y’ category security in November 2017, which entailed a security detail of CISF jawans. Top police officials said that after a re-assessment, the MHA wrote to the CISF to withdraw his security cover. “We have asked Ahmedabad city and rural police to re-assess the threat perception to Hardik Patel and accordingly decide whether on providing him local-level security or not,” said a senior police official. Hardik tweeted, “Lets is whether this is a plan to kill me or sent me to jail. I do my work, the fruit, whether good or bad will be borne by me.” Police sources said the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) will now withdraw Patel’s security cover at its convenience. The central government had proposed ‘Y’ category cover for Patel just before the Gujarat assembly polls, as he was travelling widely and the possibility of an attack on him could not be ruled out. Patel had initially declined the security detail, but in November 2017, when central intelligence assessed that he faced a possible threat, Patel accepted it. Patel had then said that he had been persuaded by senior IAS and IPS officers that the threat perception was real and he ought to accept the security cover. “A security detail of eight armed CISF jawans was provided at his residence and when he moved about,” said a senior police official. This April, the Gujarat government asked the Gujarat high court to cancel Patel’s bail in a sedition case he faces, on the grounds that he had gone to Ramol, an area the his bail conditions prohibited for him entering. Meanwhile, on April 7, a man was arrested in Ujjain after he threw ink at Hardik Patel at a hotel. The accused, Milind Gurjar, threw ink at him. Gurjar had admitted that he threw ink as he was annoyed that Patel was allegedly fooling the Gurjar and Patidar communities for his own interest. The Patidar leader had earlier attended several programmes at Neemuch and Mandsaur.
- AG Lodha receives threat letter, security tightened
Security for state advocate general Narpat Mal Lodha has been beefed up after he received a threat letter on Tuesday, on the eve of the hearing of the death reference in the high court of Kashmiri terrorist Dr Hameed Ansari who was convicted in the 1996 Samleti bomb blast case on Wednesday. The high court on Wednesday postponed the hearing to May 9.
- Boxing victim to start practice soon
KOLKATA: A day after four minors were apprehended and an 18-year-old was arrested for beating up a 15-year-old boxer and her father, there is still uncertainty in the faces of the two victims. Almost a week after the incident, the father insists the past is “only for the cops to look into.” The father, a priest by profession, said his family had moved to the Sukantanagar locality a few months back and they do not wish to attract attention. “My daughter and son are into boxing. We don’t want to get into specifics but what matters is the cops are looking into the case. It is a sensitive issue,” he said. He insisted his daughter will resume practice soon. When TOI asked about his daughter’s boxing practise, the priest’s face lit up. He said his daughter is a regular at the Salt Lake complex since 2012 and the braveheart has appeared for Madhyamik this year. She has also represented Bengal in 2015 and 2016, her father said. The 15-year-old, who made a brief appearance in between, insisted boxing was her love and she wanted to “concentrate” only on it. The family, however, spoke to TOI on one condition that they will not discuss the circumstances that led to the incident as the matter is still sub judice. One of the accused’s mother said: “These are minors and they could have been counselled instead of being arrested.” The relatives of a few others, who were allegedly involved, did not even agree there was something grossly wrong in assaulting the father-daughter duo. The cops at Bidhannagar South, however,said they would ensure that justice was delivered at the earliest.
- KMC, cops tie up to vacate unsafe buildings
KOLKATA: They have already sent notices to a number of such buildings since July 2017, but this time it’s different. In a joint operation, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) has teamed up with Kolkata Police to serve notices to dilapidated buildings which need immediate repair. In the past week, a total of 57 notices have been served on the owners. The hurry, sources claimed, is due to the upcoming monsoon and the recent squall where partial building collapses claimed three lives. “This is the second attempt to drill some sense into the occupants and owners. Involving the police — who help us identify these dangerous buildings — will drive home the point that we are serious about the entire process,” said a senior KMC official. The police claimed the KMC has a plan in place to tackle the menace and the cops have a peripheral role in identifying and keeping law and order. If the civic body fails to identify the owners of the ‘highly dangerous’ buildings, eviction notices will be sent to the tenants. “The KMC will now hear the owners out. If they agree, the structures will be pulled down to make room for new ones with proper rehabilitation of the tenants. The KMC had put up billboards all over the city — and especially in front of dilapidated structures — asking owners of buildings that were more than 50 years old to get the health of the structures examined by engineers,” said an officer from central division. Armed with amended building laws which allow KMC to take possession of a highly unsafe building in case the owner fails to get repairs done, the civic body said the uniformed cop accompanying KMC officials showed that legal steps were around the corner. “Now we can arrange for proper evacuation of highly dangerous buildings. After the shocking experience of the collapse of the balcony of a 150-year-old building on Indian Mirror Street, we can’t sit idle and watch other insecure buildings crumble in front of our eyes. That is why we have decided to send notices to the inmates of unsafe structures,” said a building department official.
- Hospital panel on MRs yet to meet, doctors fight diktat
@timesgroup.com KOLKATA: Medica Superspecialty Hospital’s move to impose a charge on medical representatives (MR) for meeting doctors has proved to be a non-starter. Even though two weeks have passed since the EM Bypass hospital barred MRs on its premises and formed a sevenmember committee to lay down the modalities of MRdoctor interactions, the panel is yet to meet. Doctors, on the other hand, have refused to follow the hospital diktat and continue to meet MRs outside the hospital premises. Medica chairperson Alok Roy said, “Since several members of the committee are travelling, it has not been able to meet yet. We shall decide a date soon.” West Bengal Medical and Sales Representatives’ Union (WBMSRU), the body that represents MRs in the state, has refused to pay for doctor meetings. More than half the doctors have met MRs over the last fortnight, claimed a senior medic at Medica. “Meeting MRs is a part of our job. They are our window to the pharmaceutical industry, without which we can’t work. All interactions with MRs can’t be termed unethical or unfair. They provide useful information apart from marketing their drugs. They, too, have the right to sell their products and hospitals benefit from their visits,” the senior medic said. At least two doctors are planning to set up a separate venue to meet MRs. Several others are meeting them at their private chambers or at other hospitals to which they are attached. “Not more than one-fourth of the total strength of doctors is employed full-time. So, they cannot be forced to follow the ban. Even the full-time employees have the option of using their private chambers to meet MR and most are doing just that,” a doctor said. One of the two doctors planning to set up a dedicated venue for MR meetings is a Medica employee. “I am not following the order as it is restrictive. This will set a precedent that will eventually be bad for patients. If MRs are asked to pay to meet doctors, pharmaceutical companies will have to bear this additional cost. Now, this is definitely going to be added to the price of medicines which will turn more expensive,” he said. Asenior cardiac surgeon at Medica said the decision to charge MRs was ‘unjustified and hasty’. “Doctors have the right to meet MRs at an appointed time for the sake of their profession. If they are barred from doing that at the hospital, they will obviously meet MRs elsewhere. I guess that is already happening, which makes the move redundant. However, I have hardly had any interaction with MRs. I probably meet around five of them in a year,” he said.
- Fighting fire, girl invades male bastion
KOLKATA: Years before she was selected to train as the first woman firefighter at the Airports Authority of India (AAI), a chemistry teacher had given Tanya Sanyal the moniker birangana meaning ‘brave woman’. Tanya’s elder sister Tanima had always known her to be fearless. “One evening at the chemistry class, the girls suddenly screamed and scrambled up on to the chairs. I realised it was a cockroach that had caused the panic. I caught it and threw it out of the window. The teacher was shocked and named me Birangana,” recounted the Dum Dum girl who suddenly finds herself in the limelight in an allmale profession. Good at classical dance and painting, Tanya wasn’t aware of where she was headed till she bumped upon the AAI advertisement that changed the course of her life. “I had a desire to do something different, but didn’t know what till this opportunity came by. The exam went off well. On Panchami, a letter arrived stating that I had qualified and had to report to Bhubaneswar for physical fitness and medical tests. Thrilled, I forgot about Durga Puja and began to train for the fitness exam,” she narrated. She passed the test, that included a 100-metre sprint within 20 seconds, lifting 40kg and climbing up a rope. Currently undergoing training in Delhi, Tanya is enjoying the course. “Since I am the first woman, everyone is very supportive and encouraging. I consider myself extremely lucky,” said Tanya. She is aware of the challenges that the job entails. Tanya says the biggest thrill in the job is the lightning speed with which the team has to head into a crisis. “At an airport, there is the criticality of time. The Rosenberg tenders have to move out within 90 seconds. If a plane catches fire, it must be doused within 2 minutes and 18 seconds. For that is as much one can get before the fuel tank catches fire and explodes,” she explained excitedly. She can’t wait till June 9 when she gradutes and is given the first posting at an airport.
- 'Kolkata worst in traffic congestion'
NEW DELHI: Traffic congestion during peak hours in four major cities — Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru — costs the economy Rs 1.5 lakh crore annually, according to a study by a global consultancy firm. The peak hours for this survey were 7-9am and 6-8pm, when commuters spent one-and-ahalf times longer to travel a given distance as compared to nonpeak hours, said the report by Boston Consulting Group. The study in January found Kolkata is the worst, so far as congestion is concerned, followed by Bengaluru. Delhi, despite having the maximum number of registered vehicles (little over 10 million), seems to be better because of its good road network, which is about 12% the capital’s total area. On the contrary, Kolkata has barely 6% of its total area under road network. Mumbai tops the list when it comes to using public transport for commuting, followed by Kolkata; it’s worst in Bengaluru. ‘89% riders plan to buy car in 5 years’ Urban transport expert Prof N Ranganathan said: “In Kolkata, private mini-buses are the main mode of transport. Despite having a high share of people using public transport, Kolkata is congested for reasons such as low share of road network, poor geometrics and huge flow of vehicles in core part of the city.” According to the report, Delhi has the highest share of 45% of people using their private cars for commuting while in Bengaluru their share is 38%. The survey covered 300 persons from each city. He added that the situation in Bengaluru is alarming as road network planning is obnoxious, traffic engineering and management is missing and there is blatant misuse of road. The BCG report prepared for Uber claimed that on average 89% of commuters indicated their plans to purchase a car in the next five years.
- Benches shut, NGT forcing petitioners to come to Delhi
Abhijit Prabhudesai, a Goa-based environmentalist, has travelled to Delhi six times since last December to appear before the National Green Tribunal’s (NGT’s) principal bench, which is hearing his petition on environmental concerns regarding the Mopa airport in north Goa.
- Industrial demand drives tractor trailer boom
Chennai: The proposed policy on scrappage of old trucks may still be two years away but there’s already an unofficial scrappage policy kicking in in the truck sector thanks to pressure from high volume corporate clients. According to truck marketers, top transport clients like e-commerce, pharma and durables companies are now insisting that the trucks ferrying their goods should not be more than 5 years old. “The demand for efficiency, faster turnaround time and safe transport of goods is prompting large fleet operators to migrate to heavy duty trucks in general and tractor trailers in particular,” said Volvo Eicher Commercial Vehicles MD Vinod Aggarwal. What’s more, turnaround time has reduced roughly by 15% thanks to GST and better roads so the demand for greater efficiency is more. Tractor trailers have seen the highest growth in FY17-18 at around 60% (from 52,761 units to 84,205 units according to SIAM data). The entire truck market has seen a turnaround for just over a year as big fleet operators upgrade their trucks to make the most of the lower turnaround time thanks to GST. Said Sethu Bhagavathula, chief technology officer, Ashok Leyland: “Turnaround time has come down by 15% prompting larger fleet operators to invest in new technology trucks. Fleet operators have become more profitable thanks to GST with turnaround times coming down. All new age companies in pharma, e-commerce, durables and retail sector now insist that the truck should not be more than five years old. As a result multi-axles, tractor trailers and tippers are seeing top gear growth.’’ Truck marketers say the focus now is on efficiency by the hour rather than by the day. With road infrastructure improving, higher tonnage vehicles are now in higher demand. What have also helped are the new rules against overloading. “Overloading can lead to trucks being impounded or toll taxes being increased several times so fleet operators are now careful about that,’’ said Aggarwal. “Earlier the Rajasthan-UP sector was notorious for overloading but now even that sector is under control. Which is what’s making fleet operators upgrade their fleet.’’ Tippers are also in demand due to the infrastructure spend by the government, he added. The trend has been fuelled by the fact that the contractual business which was a mere 7-10% just a decade ago is now 25-30%. “Earlier contracts were for 6 months, now industrial users offer dedicated business for 3-4 years but include contractual conditions like technical specifications, age of the vehicle, size, material of the container (aluminium, steel or insulated etc),” said SP Singh, senior fellow and coordinator, Indian Foundation of Transport Research and Training. As fleet operators look at greater cost efficiency, they are migrating to higher tonnage vehicles. “Those who were buying 31 tonners are now buying 37 tonners,’’ said Singh. “There is driver shortage in the market and you need 2 drivers both for 9 tonners as well as 49 tonners.’’ Higher tonnage fewer vehicles means lower toll and lower maintenance. Besides the trucks can also get return load on the open market. “So truckkers are looking for a flexible vehicle that suits both sides of the consigner and the multiple purposes of the tractor trailer make them attractive,’’ said Singh. Also with the dedicated freight corridor due to start in 2021 (Mumbai-Delhi), transportation will use DFC and tractor trailers to reduce logistic cost. The situation is similar to what China witnessed about 10 years ago. The Chinese heavy duty truck market went from 200,000 to a million units strong in roughly a decade with half those numbers coming from tractor trailers. “India is going through that kind of growth right now after nearly 6 years of ups and downs and demand slump,’’ said Aggarwal. Despite clocking 19% plus growth in FY17-18, the industry is actually now at 2011-12 levels and discounts still continue. Globally tractor trailers comprise majority of the transportation segment. In Europe they comprise 75-80% of the market.
- 3 newly built structures near ammo depot sealed
GURUGRAM: MCG carried out yet another anti-encroachment drive in the restricted zone around the Indian Air Force (IAF) ammunition depot on Wednesday, in which officials sealed three newly constructed buildings and demolished an under-construction building. According to MCG officials, the drive was carried out as per the orders of the Punjab and Haryana high court. “Demolitions will continue as per our schedule. We are, again, urging the people to not carry out any new construction within the 900m around the ammunition depot,” said an MCG official from the enforcement team. In order to avoid any untoward incident, cops were also present with the MCG officials. Last week, a similar drive near Old Gaushala Road had turned ugly when villagers pelted stones on a team of MCG officials who had gone there for a demolition drive. Between March and April, MCG sealed or demolished around 50 properties in the restricted zone. In another demolition drive, MCG razed 50 shanties which had encroached upon government land in Sector 40. A team of MCG officials also removed several temporary shops and other structures erected illegally in Golf Course road in a third drive on Wednesday. “This is a part of a series of anti-encroachment drives planned to free government land from encroachments. We have also constituted different teams in every zone to list out encroachments on government land and act against them,” said another MCG official. These teams will function under junior engineers to identify encroachments in their areas and remove them. MCG commissioner Yashpal Yadav has also directed senior officials to draw up a list of encroached properties in every ward. The corporation is also planning to draw up a list of its total land bank and plots being encroached.
- Fish farming attracting birds near IAF base, admin sends notices to 3
Ghaziabad: The Ghaziabad administration has issued notices to three persons who were found to be engaged in fish farming in Morti village after a complaint was filed by a Hindon Air Force Station official According to the complaint, fish farming in the village, which is near the Hindon air base, attracts birds of prey thereby increasing the risk of bird hits for inbound and outbound planes from air base and hence measures should be taken to cease such activities. “A complaint was sent to district magistrate Ritu Maheshwari by wing commander Sohaib Ahmed in which it was said that fish farming in the funnel area along Hindon Air Base poses risk to planes so the administration should ensure that such activities are stopped immediately,” said Sunil Kumar from the fisheries department in Ghaziabad. “Acting on the complaint, we carried out an inspection in and around areas close to the air base and found that there are at least seven ponds in Morti village where villagers are engaged in fish farming. Accordingly we have issued notices to three persons,” said Kumar. They have been given four days time to cease all such activities failing which strict action would be taken against them. According to the norms, areas that come under flying zone, including dumping grounds, slaughterhouses and fish farming are banned as birds of prey are flock around such areas in search of food. With Hindon air base to be soon used for civilian operations under regional connectivity scheme the matter seemed to have been raised by the IAF at the right time. The air base is home to Boeing C-17 Globemaster aircraft that form the backbone of the heavy airlift division of IAF along with home to Avros and Mi-17 helicopters.
- At Rs 700 a kilo, record price for Assam CTC
Assam’s Halmari estate created a world record on Tuesday by fetching Rs 700 a kilo for its CTC tea in the pan-India e-auction. The last global-best price for CTC tea was fetched by a second flush variety from the same garden at Rs 600 per kg on July 14, 2016.

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|• Mayor||Alexander Fischer (SPD)|
|• Total||157.89 km2 (60.96 sq mi)|
|Elevation||96 m (315 ft)|
|• Density||190/km2 (490/sq mi)|
|Time zone||CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)|
|Dialling codes||05271, 05531, 05275, 05277, 05278|
Höxter (German pronunciation: [ˈhœkstɐ]) is the seat of the Höxter district, and a town in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia on the left bank of the river Weser, 52 km north of Kassel in the centre of the Weser Uplands. The main town's population as of 2006 is 15,558, and with outlying centres, 34,487.
As part of North Rhine-Westphalia's municipal reforms, the collective municipality of Höxter came into being on 1 January 1970, formed out of the eleven communities of the former Amt of Höxter-Land, the main town, and the community of Bruchhausen from the former Amt of Beverungen. The communities in question voluntarily merged to pool their resources and bring about a unified administration. These constituent communities are:
Höxter (Latin Huxaria) in the time of Charlemagne was a villa regia, and was the scene of a battle between his forces and the Saxons. Under the protection of the monastery of Corvey it gradually increased in prosperity, and became the chief town of the principality of Corvey. Later it asserted its independence and joined the Hanseatic League. It suffered severely during the Thirty Years' War. After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 it was united with Brunswick; in 1802 it passed to Nassau and in 1807 to the Kingdom of Westphalia, after the dismemberment of which, in 1814, it came into the possession of Prussia.
In 2005 an explosion within a house in the historic town centre damaged the town hall and many other significant buildings and resulted in three deaths. Work has started on the rebuilding of the damaged area but is expected to continue for many years.
Albaxen had its first documentary mention, under the name Albachtessen, on the occasion of the neighbouring Corvey Abbey's founding in 822, and by 900 it was already known by its current name. The Albaxen parish church was likewise first mentioned in the 9th century. The Tonenburg, a mediaeval building complex near Albaxen – not truly a castle as the name suggests – was built in 1350 by the Corvey Abbey.
In 854, Lüchtringen was first mentioned under the name Lutringi (12 different spellings, including Luhtringi and Luchtringi) in the Corvey Abbey's annals and beginning in 1230 it belonged to the fourth archdeaconate of Höxter-Corvey of the Bishopric of Paderborn. Before it became Prussian in 1813, Lüchtringen belonged to the Principality of Orange-Nassau in Fulda from 1803. In 1970, Lüchtringen lost its independence and became a constituent community of Höxter.
Lüchtringen is, among other things, North Rhine-Westphalia's easternmost community.
Höxter has a medieval town hall and interesting houses with high gables and carved façades from the 15th and 16th centuries. Many of the buildings in this area were damaged or destroyed by the great explosion in 2005. The most interesting of the churches is the Protestant church of Saint Kilian, with a pulpit dating from 1595 and a font dating from 1631. The Weser is crossed here by a stone bridge about 150 m in length, erected in 1833.
Also to be found in Höxter are the following:
- The extensively preserved mediaeval town structure is made up of half-timbered buildings, among which are found a few examples of the Weser Renaissance style. Particularly worth mentioning are the Adam-und-Eva-Haus on Stummrige Straße and the old Dechanei (Deacon's House) on the marketplace, where over 60 carved rosettes can be admired, no two of which are alike.
- On Höxter's outskirts lies the Corvey Monastery right on the Weser. The monastery church has a Carolingian crypt as well as an imposing westwork. Furthermore, Hoffmann von Fallersleben, who among other things wrote Das Lied der Deutschen is buried here; his grave is beside the church.
- Around Höxter are opportunities to go rowing, skydiving or hiking or to engage in watersports. The 18 km-long hiking loop offers outstanding lookouts such as the Köterberg (mountain).
- As part of the Erlebniswelt Renaissance ("Renaissance Adventure World"), there is in Höxter a unique town walk with the theme "market", on which the visitor may solve a murder case from 1617.
- The Obermühle Höxter ("Höxter Upper Mill") is a former watermill that once belonged to the Corvey Monastery. Today it houses the Mühlencafé.
- The Tonenburg (see History above)
Town council's 44 seats are apportioned as follows, in accordance with municipal elections held on 30 August 2009:
Note: UWG is a citizens' coalition.
Alexander Fischer, SPD (since 2009)
Coat of arms
Höxter's oldest known seals date from the 13th century, the same century during which the town was granted town rights. The current arms, showing an ecclesiastical structure, have been used since the 19th century, and are modelled after the second seal, known from 1285. The arms were granted once again in 1970.
There are many sport clubs in Höxter. The biggest club is the Höxter Handball and Athletics Club (HLC Höxter), which furthermore offers fitness courses, swimming, aquajogging, back gymnastics, badminton and judo. There is also the Höxter-Weserbergland Football Arena. There, on two indoor courts on artificial turf, the year round, the newest generation of football can be played.
Regular culinary events in Höxter are "Höxter Kulinarisch" and the "Fischer- und Flößertage" ("Fishermen's and Raftsmen's Days"). At these events, gastronomy and the advertising community get together and present culinary delights.
Economy and infrastructure
Höxter itself has at its disposal a halt and a railway station for train travel. For historical reasons, the halt is called Höxter Rathaus ("Höxter Town Hall"). On the line run by the NordWestBahn runs the Egge-Bahn towards Paderborn and Holzminden. In Holzminden, one can transfer to trains bound for Kreiensen and Braunschweig. At the station in Höxter-Ottbergen is a connection with the railway line to Lauenförde, Bodenfelde, Göttingen and Northeim. There is also a halt on this line at Höxter-Godelheim.
All public transport in Höxter can be used on the integrated fare system within the Paderborn-Höxter Local Transport Association (Nahverkehrsverbund Paderborn-Höxter).
- Höxter is one of the four locations of the Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences (German:Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe).
- Secondary education in Höxter includes the König-Wilhelm-Gymnasium, the Hoffmann-von-Fallersleben-Realschule and the Hauptschule as well as a sales school (kaufmännische Schule, a vocational and economics Gymnasium).
- Hans Christoph Becker-Foss, conductor and organist
- Thomas von Heesen, football trainer for Arminia Bielefeld
- Koray Günter, football player, a young talented player for Borussia Dortmund
- Jacob Pins, artist, born in Höxter
- Klaus Töpfer, retired federal minister (born in Silesia, came to Höxter as a child)
- Carl von Wedelstaedt (born 14 June 1864 in Höxter), 1919-1928 Oberbürgermeister of Gelsenkirchen
- James Richard Donnachie, artist
- Anja Niedringhaus, reporter
Höxter maintains partnership links with the following places:
Much of this article is based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia.
- "Amtliche Bevölkerungszahlen". Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW (in German). 31 July 2013.
- Kampschulte, Chronik der Stadt Höxter (Höxter, 1872)
- Lüchtringen - Geschichte einer Ortschaft, published by Heimat- und Verkehrsverein e. V. Lüchtringen, first edition, 1998
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Höxter.|
- Official website
- Erlebniswelt Renaissance
- "Höxter entdecken, erleben, erfahren"
- www.kwg.hoexter.de König-Wilhelm-Gymnasium

domain: geography


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domain: food


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Key Executives for A Cafeeira, Lda.
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domain: economics


Far superior to auger bits, these Wood Boring Bits allow you to easily change direction when drilling holes to modify the hole size. New low-torque design greatly reduces the wrist fatigue because from standard auger bits. Optimized drilling flutes provide quick chip removal. The extra durable pilot screws are hardened to last longer.
Make and Model
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WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm – See www.P65Warnings.ca.gov for more information.


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Being that our house has been decorated for Christmas for nearly a month now, I thought it was time to show off a few bits and pieces [or like a thousand bits and pieces] of our home during the Holidays. Decorating this house for Christmas is always going to make me laugh a little bit because it wasn’t until we decorated last year after moving in that I fell in love with our house. Up until that point, I would cry regularly because nothing about it felt like home. BAM, the Christmas trees went up and I never wanted to leave the place and the feeling hasn’t left since. I’m pretty confident that this is the only reason my husband allowed the decor to go up so early once again “BUT IT’S THE WHOLE REASON WHY I LOVE OUR HOUSE SO MUCH!!!” Tears or ornaments, take your pick.
Without further ado, I present to you the jolly ole Schrader casa, starting with the kitchen and dining area…
I love this space so much mostly because there is room to put a smaller tree in it – this tree we decorate with all of the ornaments that my aunt has given to us over the years [she owns an ornament shop which is fun!]. It’s my favorite tree to decorate as each year’s ornaments are a reminder of something from that year – I love reminiscing over what each ornament means when putting this tree together..such a fun tradition that I hope never stops. The light up tree skirt from Ikea also doesn’t hurt on the whole making me happy scale.
sign found at Home Goods
Next up, the “outdoor” room – my favorite place to chill in the house.
Founder and creator of LIY, Erin turned her dream of a hobby blog into a full-time career which she now runs alongside the LIY team! When not in front of her computer screen [with a La Croix or wine in hand] or in front of a mirror taking mirror selfies, you can find Erin spending time on the water, cuddled up with her two pups and husband most likely watching the latest Shark Tank episode, or getting lost in an easy beach read.
As the leaves are starting to change from greens to reds, that can only mean one thing [aside from football season] – campfire season! Lauren here from the LIY Team! I can be found sipping wine around the campfire on any given Saturday night this time of year, and while we’re sipping we’re snacking too […]
Our favorite pastime? Sniffing all the candles! Okay okay, maybe it’s not our favorite pastime, but boy do we sure love finding the perfect scents! After giving TONS of candles, oils, and diffusers a whirl, we’ve narrowed down our favorites, just in time for cozy days this fall! As much as I wish this screen […]
If there’s one thing the LIY Team did this Summer [besides go for boat rides and drink seltzers] – it was read. Audio books, Kindle editions, good old fashion physical copies… you name it, we read it. While we went through a few that weren’t so great, we did find a few worth passing along! […]
Since 2011, Living in Yellow has served as a leading life and style blog.
Our mission is to be a positive light to our community and connect with women both online and in-person. We create and share resources, products, and experiences that help them live a more confident, convenient, and joyful lifestyle.

domain: hobby


Forum on ending segregation Tuesday
- The forum is scheduled at 2 p.m. Tuesday at New Directions Housing Corp%2C at 1000 E. Liberty St.
- It is free and open to the public.
One year ago, the city released a report showing almost half of its residents live in "extreme segregation." A half-century after the civil rights movement, African Americans live largely in Louisville's oldest, poorest neighborhoods, with educational, health and financial consequences. And nearly half of Caucasians live in communities that are almost exclusively white.
The Louisville Fair Housing Coalition is hosting a forum Tuesday on the city's 20-year plan to end segregation.
"We want to keep this issue high-profile. We're saying to the mayor that this is great plan, and we want to make sure it's moving forward. Because so many plans don't move forward," said Cathy Hinko, executive director of the Metropolitan Housing Coalition. "We want things done. Not behind the scenes, but in center stage."
Carolyn Miller-Cooper, executive director of the Louisville Metro Human Relations Commission, will sit on the panel to describe the progress that's been made.
She said she believes the projects are on track: The city has secured federal grant money to hire two part-time workers to work out the logistics.
"All that history cannot be changed overnight," she said.
Maps showing the racial demographics in neighborhoods across the city look much the same today as they did in 1960. Miller-Cooper said those maps will look like a different city for the next generation.
But she's been disappointed that the public has not been invested in the project.
"It's generated a lot of energy, but mostly with housing advocates and governments. I don't see any grassroots movements," she said. She called on the public to band together, cut grass to combat blight, help their elderly neighbors, pick up trash and better their communities.
Hinko believes fair housing should be a priority for the city. Affordable, safe housing for low-income workers is scarce. Nearly 70 percent of Louisville's acreage is zoned for single-family residential homes. Single mothers, poverty and residents with disabilities remain clustered in the western and southern edges of the city.
The forum was planned to coincide with Black History Month.
In addition to Miller-Cooper, Tuesday's panel will include Juan Pena of the Kentucky Commissioner on Human Rights and Lee Ann Thomas with the Center for Accessible Living.
The University of Louisville's Anne Braden Institute for Social Justice Research will also present a brief history of segregation in the city.
The forum is scheduled at 2 p.m. Tuesday at New Directions Housing Corp at 1000 E. Liberty St. It is free and open to the public.
Reporter Claire Galofaro can be reached at (502) 582-7086. Follow her on Twitter at @clairegalofaro.


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I saw this on Quora and have to agree. It’s the quintessential description of true love.
I heard it second-hand, but it still amazes me. There were many people talking about love, and what love meant. And this child says “love is when my granpa ties granma’s shoelaces, because she has arthritis…although his arthritis is worse than hers”. To this day, I belive that’s the most accurate definition of love.
ABOUT PHIL BOLSTA
Phil is the author of Through God’s Eyes: Finding Peace and Purpose in a Troubled World, a comprehensive guide to living a spiritual life. Who will benefit from reading it?
Anyone who is on a spiritual path, or wants to start one
Anyone who loves life, or wants to learn how to
Anyone who is happy, or wants to be happier
Here is a two-minute video introduction to Through God’s Eyes.
• an overview of the book
• the complete table of contents
• the Foreword by Caroline Myss
• my Introduction
• chapter excerpts
• a sample end-of-chapter story
• endorsements from authors and thought leaders
Just click on the link below to download your free PDF sampler!
THROUGH GOD’S EYES PDF SAMPLER
Schedule a Mastery Mentoring phone session with Phil to learn how to apply principles of spiritual living more effortlessly and effectively. Priced affordably! Click here to e-mail Phil for details.
Phil is also the author of Sixty Seconds: One Moment Changes Everything, a collection of 45 inspiring, life-changing stories from prominent people he interviewed, including Joan Borysenko, Deepak Chopra, geneticist Dr. Francis Collins, acclaimed sportswriter Frank Deford, Dr. Larry Dossey, Wayne Dyer, Dan Millman, Caroline Myss, Dr. Christiane Northrup, Dr. Dean Ornish, Dr. Rachel Naomi Remen, Dr. Bernie Siegel, James Van Praagh, singer Billy Vera, Doreen Virtue, Neale Donald Walsch, and bassist Victor Wooten.
Reading this book is like spending a few minutes face to face with each of the contributors and listening to their personal stories. Click here to read unsolicited testimonials from readers. Learn more by visiting the official Sixty Seconds website.
Sixty Seconds was one of three finalists in the General Interest/How-To category at the 12th annual Visionary Awards presented by COVR (Coalition of Visionary Resources) in Denver on June 27, 2009.
Tags: true love

domain: library


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Spiral separators, which are also called spiral concentrators, are gravity devices that separate minerals of different specific gravity according to their relative movement in response to gravity, centrifugal force and other forces in the fluid medium.
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Jackson, Alabama requires all businesses within city limits to obtain a business license to operate legally under the Municipal Code Title 2: Business Licenses and Regulations.
Business owners are required to complete an application for a Jackson, Alabama business license and pay the appropriate fee, which varies based on the type of business and the number of employees.
Most businesses are also required to file an annual business license renewal application and pay a renewal fee. Some types of businesses, such as contractors, may need to provide additional documentation such as proof of insurance and a state license. Failure to obtain or renew a business license may result in fines or legal action.
Overall, obtaining a business license in Jackson, Alabama is a necessary step towards establishing and maintaining a legal and compliant business within the city limits.
When you’re caught up in the excitement of starting a new business, it’s easy to ignore the need for licenses and permits. However, licenses and permits are mandatory, and before you can legally begin to operate your business, you need to have all its licenses and permits in place.
Additionally, if your business has employees or sells taxable goods or services, you need to register with the taxing authorities. Requirements vary by industry and depend on how and where you conduct business.
Not being compliant with all licenses, permits, and tax registrations could leave you unprotected legally, may lead to expensive penalties, and can jeopardize your business.
To apply for a new Business License, you will need to:
Download and Fill out an APPLICATION View the SCHEDULE OF RATES to determine how much you should pay Return your application and payment to the following address:
If you are RENEWING a Business License, use the renewal form you received in the mail and use the Schedule of Rates to determine your fee. Return to the address above.


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Wednesday, January 18, 2012
I [Heart] Communication Arts!
(click to enlarge)
While I pass around criticism occasionally, most of what I do on this blog (besides post my own work, mind you) is highlight or praise the art and design world's successes; both contemporary and historic. Today's a praise day, if you will…
Year round, I preach to my students to be an all-around artist and not simply a designer. For example, within my plans for our yearly New York trips, it's never enough to simply line up a studio visit, head to the AIGA, and call it a day. In my eyes, that's a failure.
For me, both the viewing-of and experimenting-in hand-made art, photography, fine art and beyond are essential in one's evolution in the arts. In order for us to see things beyond our monitors, even if more often than not that's where we find ourselves, we need to see beyond our profession's cold, digital realm and once-again discover the textures, the smells, and the unpredictably exciting ways of other art forms.
You know who also gets this concept? Communication Arts. This year I've received six issues, all "annuals" of one sort of another. Namely Illustration, Photography, Design, Advertising, Interactive, and Typography. I don't care if it's simply the smell of the freshly-inked pages of their latest Typography Annual that has me all happy about CA right now. The bottom line is that this past year's issues have been inspiring. And when you consider that…
There was once a time when I viewed CA as the boring, stiff, secondary subscription. That time is long gone, of course. If anything, they've proven to me that they're the essential magazine in the industry for those of us always looking for more. And that's worth writing about.

domain: artistic


Maddie Poppe Wins ‘American Idol,’ Drops Debut Single “Going Going Gone”
Congratulations are in order for Maddie Poppe. Last night (May 21), the 20-year-old was crowned the winner of the 16th season of American Idol. She celebrated the win by inking a recording contract with Hollywood Records and unveiling her debut single, “Going Going Gone.” Paying tribute to her signature folksy vibes, the track is a vibrant anthem. “Maybe I was meant to run. Maybe I was born to bleed. I don’t know who I’ll become, but I’ll be going going gone,” she belts on the sing-along chorus. It is a bright moment of pop magic, and it could shape up to be something of a radio hit for the rising star.
Maddie debuted the track with a live performance on the finale and has several appearances scheduled in the coming days. Keep an eye peeled for her to drop by Jimmy Kimmel Live to dazzle the late-night show with her vibey track. She will also take the stage at the 2018 Radio Disney Music Awards on June 22, and fans can watch her performance when it airs on Disney Channel on Saturday, June 23. Over the summer she and the remainder of this season’s Top 7 will embark upon the American Idol Live! tour. Opening on July 11 in Redding, California, the group will be joined by Kris Allen and occasionally by boy band In Real Life. By then we will likely have heard more new music from the hitmaker.
Boasting an anthemic production and her buoyant vocal performance, “Going Going Gone” is a promising debut and promises big things on the horizon. Give Maddie’s single a spin below!