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Sociological explanation about the social fact of suicide
The social facts surround us everywhere and affect our lives. To begin with, the social fact is a single, socially significant event or a set of homogeneous events that are typical for some areas of social life, or specific to certain social processes. The main attributes of the social facts are their independence, objective existence, and their coercive nature, i.e. an ability to exert the external pressure on the individual. It is a collective representation of the facts or a collective consciousness. The social facts are a course of actions, ways of thinking and feeling that exist outside the individual (i.e. objectively). These factors possess the normative coercive power in relation to him/her. Into the acknowledgement of the above stated information about social facts it is necessary to add that according to Faraganis (2000), “by a social fact, Durkheim (as a person who defined the social fact in sociology) is referring to facts, concepts, expectations that come not from individual responses and preferences, but that come from the social community which socializes each of its members. Although we might embrace the normative community behavior and share its values, we are constrained by its very existence.”
The main purpose of this work is to reveal a sociological explanation about a social fact. Among different social facts, it is possible to emphasize the pathological social fact associated with the social problems, which is called suicide. The term suicide is related to the social fact because it is a single public event, typically for one or another sphere of real life. The suicide rate is one of the most important sociological exponents of the society’s well-being. Global science has been already established that the act of suicide accumulated a number of the factors: social, economic, political, philosophical, psychological, and religious.
The rate of suicide in Canada is historically similar to or slightly higher than in the USA. Around 3800 suicides occur in Canada each year.
Suicide is a deliberate act of removal from life under the influence of acute traumatic situations in which life itself loses its meaning for humans. Suicidal can be called any external or internal activity, sent by a desire to take his/her own life. People who commit suicide usually suffer from a severe mental pain or are under stress and a sense of inability to cope with their problems. They often suffer from mental illness, especially major depression, and look ahead without any hope.
Suicidal behavior is the suicidal activity’s manifestation that includes the suicide attacks, attempts and manifestations.
Thus, a situation when death is caused by people who may not be aware of their actions or control them, and as a result of a person’s negligence are not related to suicide, but to the accidents.
There are three main types of suicidal behavior: true suicide, demonstrative suicide and hidden suicide.
The true suicide is never spontaneous, though sometimes it looks quite unexpected. Such a suicide is always preceded by depressed mood, depression, or just thinking about leaving this life. Sometimes, even the closest people do not notice this person’s condition (especially if you frankly do not want it). It is obvious that in many cases true suicide is a result of prolonged depression. And any depression is characterized by a focus on past, not the future. The man on the verge of true suicide somehow appeals to the past, clinging to it, but cannot find the picture of own future. Therefore, the “risk group” for suicides includes teenagers and old people.
The main part of the suicides is nothing but an attempt to engage in dialogue: only, of course, that’s so unique and totally unsuitable for this method. Most suicides usually do not want to die, but they kill themselves only in order to reach out to someone, pay attention to their problems, to call for help. The psychiatrists often call this phenomenon “demonstrative suicide.” Researchers stated that propensity to demonstrative suicide sometimes seen as a specific way of manipulation.
The hidden suicide is the destiny of those who understand that suicide is not the most dignified way to solve the problem, but nevertheless other way again cannot be found. These people do not choose an open withdrawal from life on their own, but they choose so-called “due to suicidal behavior.” For example, this is risky driving behaviors, exercises in extreme sports or dangerous business, and volunteer trips to hot spots, and even drug addiction.
Among the major problems of modern Suicidology, the most relevant problems are the features of suicidal behavior associated with alcohol and drugs, the role of family and loneliness factors in the genesis of suicidal behavior and the problem of mental disease and suicide. In any suicide situation, there are usually two operating entities: the person who is thinking about suicide and his/her surroundings, or a specific person with whom he or she somehow tries to establish a dialogue. The increased suicide risk factors can be divided into extra-and intrapersonal. Extra personal suicide risk factors include: psychosis and borderline mental disorders; suicidal statements, repeated suicidal acts; post suicide; adolescence; extreme, especially so-called marginal living conditions; loss of prestige; conflict traumatic situation; drunkenness, drug use. Intrapersonal suicide risk factors can be identified: idiosyncrasies; reduced tolerance to emotional stress and frustrating factors; inadequacy of communication systems; inadequate (overstated, understated or unstable) self-esteem; lack or loss of targets or values underlying the basis of life, etc.
There are the features of suicide, which include: the desire to be alone is natural and normal for every person. But beware, when closed, the isolation become deep and long, when a person withdraws into himself, eschews the former friends and allies. Each of us is naughty from time to time. This condition can be caused by weather, well-being, fatigue, office or family problems, etc. But when a person’s mood almost every day varies between the excitation and decay, there is cause for alarm. There are strong evidences that these emotional fluctuations are the harbingers of death. Depression is a deep emotional decline, which is showed in everyone differently. Some people become isolated, but at the same time, they disguise their feelings so well that it is impossible to notice the changes in their behavior. The only way in such cases is a direct and open conversation with a man. This is a proven fact that a lot of acts of suicide are caused by anger, rage, and cruelty to others. An absence or, conversely, abnormally increased appetite are closely linked to self-destruction thoughts and should always be considered to be a criterion for the potential hazards. In addition to the above-mentioned information, it is necessary to add that “aˆ¦ alcohol and drug use disorders have been found to be strongly related to suicide risk” (Ilgen, et. al, 2011).
People, who plan their suicide, hand out their own things to family, friends, or relatives. As experience shows, this sinister campaign is a direct forerunner of a coming disaster. In each case, it is recommended to have a serious and frank conversation with that person in order to clarify the intentions of potential suicides.
The reasons for suicide are complex and numerous. The reasons can be sought in biological, genetic, psychological and social spheres of a person. Despite the fact that people usually commit suicide in extreme situations, such as divorce, loss of work or study, most experts suggest that it is rather a reason to commit suicide than its cause.
Most people who kill themselves suffer from depression, which often goes undiagnosed and untreated. Since depression often underlies suicide, the study of the causes of depression can help scientists to understand the causes of suicide. “About 90% of suicides occur in persons with a clinically diagnosable psychiatric disorder” (Tondo, et. al., 2011).
Despite the fact that some studies suggest that suicides of famous people can play an exemplary role model, especially among teenagers, this point of view is not fully proven. However, there is some evidence that the famous people’s suicides can be a powerful incentive to others’ suicides, especially among those in the range of 13 to 19 years. In addition, the causes of teen suicides are poverty, family relationships and with their peers, alcohol and drugs, unrequited love, experienced in childhood abuse, social isolation, mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and so on. The number of suicides among young people has increased over the last decade. It is not superfluous to mention that early marriages do not save young people (aged 15-19) from the risk of suicide. This is primarily due to the fact that “young” marriages are more likely an attempt, not always successful, to solve some other, unrelated to marriage problems, for example, get rid of the unbearable situation in family.
Taking everything into account, it is possible to conclude that suicide is the result of the personality’s social – psychological disadaptation in modern society. Psychological crises arise as a result of the intimate, family and personal, social and creative conflicts. In order to avoid the manifestation of suicidal behavior, it is necessary to provide people, especially teenagers with social support by including family, school, friends, etc. It is useful to carry out socio-psychological training issues, provide individual and group lessons to raise self-esteem, development of an adequate relationship to self, empathy, to increase self-control, replacement of “significant others”, to develop the motivation in order to achieve success. It can be based on the behavioral skills’ trainings.

domain: sociology


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The first posthumous exhibition of leading British pop artist and sculptor Gerald Laing (1936 – 2011) opened at the Fine Art Society in London on the fifth anniversary of his death. The exhibition presents more than 70 paintings and sculptures, including several of his most important works, the exhibition traces the entire trajectory of the artist’s career.
Part of the original wave of British pop artists, Gerald Laing helped define the visual language of the 1960s, producing some of the movement’s most important works, including Brigitte Bardot (1962). Also a figurative sculptor of great distinction, Laing continues to hold his place as one of the most important artists of his generation.
The Fine Art Society exhibition reiterates all phases of Gerald Laing’s career from the first pop paintings he produced while still a student at St Martins School of Art in London, including portraiture monumental of the French movie star and wife of director Jean-Luc. Godard, Anna Karina.
After moving to New York City in 1964, Laing was quickly integrated into the movement’s American counterpart, befriending Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, and James Rosenquist and exhibiting widely. Here he produced some of his most famous pop paintings: large-scale canvases of models, astronauts, hot rods and movie stars, capturing the excitement and exuberance of ’60s America. .
Disillusioned with the capitalist values ââof the Pop genre in the mid-1960s, Laing radically moved away from sculpture, first producing abstract minimalist sculpture and later, after moving to rural Scotland, figurative bronzes. Based at 16th-century Kinkell Castle in the Scottish Highlands, which he purchased and restored from a derelict, Laing devoted his energies exclusively to sculpture for the next three decades. He learned to melt on his own under the expert guidance of craftsman George Mancini and established his own bronze foundry nearby.
Gerald Laing returned to pop painting in 2004 with a politically motivated body of work criticizing the Iraq War. As a former army officer, Laing was particularly troubled by the atrocities committed by army personnel against prisoners in Abu Ghraib prison. Laing’s indignation led him to reclaim the visual language of Pop; this time for protest.
Laing continued to paint in his later years, returning to the theme of celebrity and media culture with studies by Kate Moss, Victoria Beckham, and Amy Winehouse.
Gerald Laing was represented by the Fine Art Society from the 1990s until his death in 2011 and the gallery held exhibitions of his work in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2008. Director Gordon Cooke commented: âThe gallery is here great place to celebrate Laing’s incredible work. body of work. The Fine Art Society was proud to represent him from the 1990s until his death and organized four major exhibitions during his life.
Today, Laing’s work can be found in public and private collections around the world, including the Tate, the V&A, the National Portrait Gallery and the National Gallery in London; and the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum in New York and the Smithsonian Institution.

domain: artistic


• Saturday, November 29th, 2014 - Steve Gilligan with Kenny Selcer - 8pm. opening for The Stompers at The Bull Run, Shirley, MA. The Woodpeckers (Sal Baglio, Steven Wood, Jeff Keithline, Sam Wood) also on the bill.
• Sunday, November 30th. Kenny Selcer at The Jake Kensinger Tribute at The Parish Center for the Arts in Chelmsford, MA. I will be playing one song solo and I will be backing Camille Breeze (and others) for one song. 6pm. 10 Lincoln Street, Chelmsford, MA.
• Sunday, November 30th. Kenny Selcer at The Jake Kensinger Tribute at The Parish Center for the Arts in Chelmsford, MA. I will be playing one song solo and I will be backing Camille Breeze (and others) for one song. 6pm. 10 Lincoln Street, Chelmsfor• Monday, December 1st, 2014 - Kenny Selcer Band at The Colonial Inn Open Mike (run by Ellen Schmidt), 48 Monument Square, Concord, MA 01742. 1/2 set at approx. 8pm or 8:30 pm. To be determined.
• Wednesday, December 3rd, 2014 - Carolyn Waters with Kenny Selcer. Open mic feature at The Harvest Cafe open mic. Start time 7:30. We play a 1/2 set.
• Friday, December 5th, 2014 - Rich Eilbert with Kenny Selcer - open mike feature at Jam'n Java Open Mic at Kickstand Cafe, 594 Mass. Ave., Arlington, MA. 6:30 - 9:30pm. We go on around 8pm.
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"The most powerful thing I've noticed about Kenny Selcer's album, Don't Forget About Me, is this: listening to it makes me feel good. Don't get me wrong- this isn't simple, superficial music. Nothing of the sort. These songs are songs that tell the truth about what it is like to be alive- facing loss, facing the future, facing our task here on earth: to create a life that is authentic and meaningful. How can I help but feel good in the presence of music that is this kind of real? Add to this, the fact that these are wonderfully crafted songs- that Kenny's voice rings true, and that his guitar playing is transcendental- and you have a winning combination. Thanks for making this for us all- you have cooked us up a delicious banquet of sound!" - Lynn McKenna, music lover, singer and songwriter, musician
“Through candid storytelling and inspired guitar play, Kenny Selcer delivers a stimulating mind-body listening experience. Engaging tales of relationship pain, frustration, hope and desire will provoke listeners to revisit thoughts of their own relationships. Listeners will not, however, find themselves stewing in self-reflection for very long as Selcer’s lively guitar licks send them truckin’ on down the road to relationship renewal.” – Dennis Carlan, Lyric Tree Publishing
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hotpotato (or hptt, for short) is a high performance and throughput oriented HTTP client Java library, with support for HTTP 1.1 pipelining. It was developed mostly towards server-side usage, where speed and low resource usage are the key factors, but it can be used to build client applications as well. Built on top of Netty and designed for high concurrency scenarios where multiple threads can use the same instance of a client without any worries for external or internal synchronization, hotpotato helps you reduce initialization and/or preparation times and resource squandering. Among many small optimizations, connections are reused whenever possible, which results in a severe reduction of total request execution times by cutting connection establishment overhead.
Higgs.IO is a high performance, message oriented network library built for realtime systems. It provides a core extensible framework and libraries built on top of the core. Libraries include a WebSocket server, an HTTP server and client, and Boson, a custom serialization and RMI library.
Corn Httpclient is an HTTP client designed make HTTP requests from Java clients to Web servers as plain requests and form requests. Since authentication requirements are supported, you can make requests to secured Web resources behind the proxies. It supports multiple clients making requests simultaneously with different security credentials.


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Moral injury refers to an injury to an individual's moral conscience and values resulting from an act of perceived moral transgression, which produces profound emotional guilt and shame, and in some cases also a sense of betrayal, anger and profound "moral disorientation". The concept of moral injury emphasizes the psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual aspects of trauma. Distinct from psychopathology, moral injury is a normal human response to an abnormal traumatic event. The concept is currently used in literature with regard to the mental health of military veterans who have witnessed or perpetrated an act in combat that transgressed their deeply held moral beliefs and expectations. Moral injury can also be experienced by warriors who have been transgressed against, and thus also in circumstances other than combat. The injury may in those cases include a sense of betrayal and anger. For example, when one goes to war believing that the purpose of the war is to eradicate weapons of mass destruction, but finds that not to be the case, the soldier can experience moral injury. Those who have seen and experienced death, mayhem, destruction, and violence and have had their worldviews shattered – the sanctity of life, safety, love, health, peace, et cetera – can also suffer moral injury. This injury can also occur in the medical space – among physicians and other emergency or first responder care providers who engage in traumatic high impact work environments which can affect their mental health and well-being.
Development of moral injury
The term moral injury was first coined by psychiatrist professor Jonathan Shay and colleagues based upon numerous narratives presented by military/veteran patients given their perception of injustice as a result of leadership malpractice. Shay's definition of moral injury had three components: 'Moral injury is present when (i) there has been a betrayal of what is morally right, (ii) by someone who holds legitimate authority and (iii) in a high-stakes situation. Since this original definition, other definitions have subsequently developed.
To understand the development of the construct of moral injury, it is necessary to examine the history of violence and the psychological consequences. Throughout history, humans have been killing each other, and have shown great reluctance in doing so. Literature on warfare emphasizes the moral anguish soldiers feel in combat, from modern military service members to ancient warriors. Ethical and moral challenges are expected from warfare. Soldiers in the line of duty may witness catastrophic suffering and severe cruelty, causing their fundamental beliefs about humanity and their worldview to be shaken.
Research has begun to look at the concept of moral injury to understand the impact that combat may have on soldiers, and their mental health afterwards. Currently, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses exist on the construct of moral injury – although a literature review of the various definitions since the inception of moral injury has been undertaken. Some of the literature reflects that moral injury was developed as a response to the inadequacy of mental health diagnoses (e.g., Post-traumatic stress disorder), to encapsulate the moral anguish service members were experiencing after returning home from war. Service members who are deployed into war zones are usually exposed to death, injury, and violence. Military service members represent the population with the highest risk of developing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD was first included in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the manual classifying mental health disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association, to begin to address the symptoms that Vietnam veterans exhibited after their wartime experiences. As PTSD has developed as a diagnosis, it requires that individuals are either directly exposed to death, threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, witness it in person, learn about it occurring indirectly to a close relative or friend, or are repeatedly exposed to aversive details of traumatic events. PTSD includes four symptom clusters, including intrusion, avoidance, and negative mood and thoughts, and changes in arousal and reactivity. Individuals with PTSD may experience intrusive thoughts as they re-experience the traumatic events, as well as avoiding stimuli that reminds them of the traumatic event, and have increasingly negative thoughts and moods. Additionally, individuals with PTSD may exhibit irritable or aggressive, self-destructive behavior, and hypervigilance, amongst other arousal-related symptoms.
While PTSD symptoms can have devastating effects, in the first review of moral injury, Litz and co-authors argued that service members may experience long-term pain and suffering stemming from their time in combat that is not encapsulated or represented by a diagnosis of PTSD. Unlike PTSD's focus on fear-related symptoms, moral injury focuses on symptoms related to guilt, shame, anger, and disgust. A diagnosis of PTSD in the DSM-III listed an individual experiencing guilt for behaviors that required for their survival as a symptom. However, conceptualizations of PTSD in each subsequent DSM has dropped guilt as a symptom.
With the inability of current diagnoses to account for moral anguish, research has begun to encapsulate moral conflict in warriors. The phrase 'moral injury' (originally defined by Jonathan Shay) was modified by Brett Litz and colleagues (2009) as "perpetrating, failing to prevent, or bearing witness to acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations may be deleterious in the long term, emotionally, psychologically, behaviorally, spiritually, and socially" (p. 695). Treating moral injury is often thought of as "soul repair" due to the nature of moral anguish. As someone wrestles with the impact of what they did, failed to do, or witnessed, it can seem like their entire guiding principles for life have been altered or removed. The consequences of moral injury can be disastrous. An individual with a moral injury can experience severe distress, including major depression, and suicidality. While moral injury can be experienced by people other than military service members, current research has paid special attention to moral injury in military populations.
Although moral injury does not only exist among military populations, the exposure to violence that occurs during war times make military and veteran population at a higher risk of developing moral injury. It has been reported that 32% of service members deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan were responsible for the death of an enemy and 60% stated that they had witnessed both women and children who were either ill or wounded that they were unable to provide aid to. Additionally, 20% reported being responsible for the death of a non-combatant. These statistics were taken in 2003 and an updated survey of the number of service members who have been directly responsible for the death of an enemy, a non-combatant, or having to leave sick and wounded women and children behind can shed light onto the magnitude of the issue of moral injury among service members.
During times of war a service member's personal ethical code may clash with what is expected of them during war. Approximately 27% of deployed soldiers have reported having an ethical dilemma to which they did not know how to respond. Research has shown that longer and more frequent deployments can result in an increase in unethical behaviors on the battlefield. This is problematic considering deployment lengths have increased for the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. During times of war the military promotes an ethical pardon on the killing of an enemy, going against the typical moral code for many service members. While a service member is deployed, killing of the enemy is expected and often rewarded. Despite this, when a service member returns home the sociocultural expectations are largely different from when they were deployed. The ethical code back home has not changed, making the transition from deployment to home difficult for some service members. This clash in a personal ethical code and the ethical code and expectations of the military can further increase a service member's deep-seated feelings of shame and guilt for their actions abroad.
Brett Litz and colleagues can be credited for major developments in the psychological perspective on moral injury. They define moral injury as "perpetrating, failing to prevent, bearing witness to, or learning about acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations." Litz and colleagues focus on the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of moral injury in a preliminary conceptual model. This model posits that cognitive dissonance occurs after a perceived moral transgression resulting in stable internal global attributions of blame, followed by the experience of shame, guilt, or anxiety, causing the individual to withdraw from others. The result is increased risk of suicide due to demoralization, self-harming, and self-handicapping behaviors.
Psychological risk factors that make an individual more prone to moral injury includes neuroticism and shame-proneness. Protective factors includes self-esteem, forgiving supports, and belief in the just-world hypothesis.
Social and cultural perspective
The concept of moral injury was introduced by clinical psychiatrist Jonathan Shay, and the cultural perspective on moral injury has been developed in his work. He defines moral injury as stemming from the "betrayal of 'what's right' in a high-stakes situation by someone who holds power." The process of recovery, according to Shay, should consist of "purification" through the "communalization of trauma." Shay places special importance on communication through artistic means of expression. Moral injury can only be absolved when "the trauma survivor… [is] permitted and empowered to voice their experience…." For this to occur, there needs to be openness on the part of civilians to hear the veterans' experiences without prejudice. The culture in the military emphasizes a moral and ethical code that normalizes both killing and violence in times of war. Despite this, decisions made by service members who engage in killing or violence through this cultural lens may still experience psychological and spiritual impact. Fully coming "home" means integration into a culture where one is accepted, valued and respected, has a sense of place, purpose, and social support.
Research on the political and societal aspects of moral injury by anthropologist Tine Molendijk has shown that as unresolved conflicts at the political level create potentially morally injurious situations for soldiers on the ground, "experiences of institutional betrayal" and "a resultant search for reparations" by veterans can also be part of moral injury. Also, it is indicated that both public condemnation and public heroification of veterans may contribute to moral injury, given that both are generally experienced by veterans as alienating distortions of their war experience, meaning that both may entail an "injustice" being done to the experience.
Major developments in the spiritual perspective on moral injury can be credited to Rita Nakashima Brock and Gabriella Lettini. They emphasize moral injury as "…souls in anguish, not a psychological disorder." This occurs when veterans struggle with a lost sense of humanity after transgressing deeply held moral beliefs. The Soul Repair Center at Brite Divinity School is dedicated to addressing moral injury from this spiritual perspective. Research by Dr. Lindsay Carey at La Trobe University (Melbourne, Australia) and Tim Hodgson at the University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia) confirm the importance of spirituality with regard to moral injury, and that community clergy, or chaplains in particular, have a key role with regard to providing spiritual care for those suffering a moral injury. US Army chaplains, particularly at the US Army Medical Department Center & School, are also addressing the spiritual aspects of moral injury and the chaplains' role in assisting the healing process, by teaching and engaging in further research about moral injury.
As noted however by Carey and Hodgson, when it comes to conducting research there have emerged approximately seventeen (n = 17) different definitional variations of 'moral injury' since Jonathan Shay's original term, causing confusion and making both research and treatment interventions by chaplains a serious challenge. While some have argued that moral injury is predominantly a 'psychological issue' or purely a 'spiritual' or 'religious' issue, Carey and Hodgson argue for a 'bio-psycho-social-spiritual' paradigm to be utilsed when defining, screening, assessing, or treating moral injury, so as to ensure that biological, psychological, social and spiritual aspects are equally considered in correlation; that is, moral injury should be considered as a bio-psycho-social-spiritual syndrome. It is with this perspective that Lindsay Carey (Australia), John Swinton (UK) and Daniel Grossoehme (USA), provide a comprehensive holistic definition of moral injury based on the systematic reviews of Jinkerson plus Hodgson and Carey.
“Moral injury is a trauma related syndrome caused by the physical, psychological, social and spiritual impact of grievous moral transgressions, or violations, of an individual's deeply-held moral beliefs and/or ethical standards due to: (i) an individual perpetrating, failing to prevent, bearing witness to, or learning about inhumane acts which result in the pain, suffering or death of others, and which fundamentally challenges the moral integrity of an individual, organization or community, and/or (ii) the subsequent experience and feelings of utter betrayal of what is right caused by trusted individuals who hold legitimate authority.
The violation of deeply-held moral beliefs and ethical standards—irrespective of the actual context of trauma—can lead to considerable moral dissonance, which if unresolved, leads to the development of core and secondary symptoms that often occur concurrently. The core symptoms commonly identifiable are: (a) shame, (b) guilt, (c) a loss of trust in self, others, and/or transcendental/ultimate beings, and (d) spiritual/existential conflict including an ontological loss of meaning in life. These core symptomatic features, influence the development of secondary indicators such as (a) depression, (b) anxiety, (c) anger, (d) re-experiencing the moral conflict, (e) social problems (e.g., social alienation) and (f) relationship issues (e.g., collegial, spousal, family), and ultimately (g) self-harm (i.e., self-sabotage, substance abuse, suicidal ideation and death)” (Carey & Hodgson, 2018).
Carey and Hodgson, using the World Health Organization ICD-10-AM 'Spiritual Intervention Codings' (WHO-SPICs) as a paradigm, argue that clergy/chaplains have four key roles with regard to moral injury: (i) Spiritual Assessments (including screening), (ii) Spiritual Education and Counselling, (iii) Spiritual Support and (iv) Spiritual Ritual and Worship activities. The WHO-SPICs provide a framework for not only ensuring and evaluating the breadth and provision of quality spiritual care, but in addition (given contemporary moral injury is a relativey recent phenomena), the WHO-SPICs also provide a framework for considering the appropriate resourcing and implemention of such interventions for the benefit of those suffering the effects of a moral injury. Timothy Hodgson, an experienced veteran chaplain, proposed a new technique, "Pastoral Narrative Disclosure" (PND), for chaplains engaging in the 'spiritual counselling and education' of military veterans suffering moral injury. PND comprises eight stages: Rapport, Reflection, Review, Reconstruction, Restoration, Ritual, Renewal and Reconnection.  PND is currently undergoing the process of validation, however many clergy/chaplains will be familiar with components of PND, which as a holistic spiritual care model looks to be systematically comprehensive.
Treating moral injury
There is little that is known about the treatment of moral injury. Gaudet and colleagues (2015) suggest that current interventions are lacking and new treatment interventions specific to moral injury are necessary. It is not enough to treat moral injury in the same way that depression or PTSD are commonly treated. In spite of the lack of research on the treatment of moral injury, factors such as humility, gratitude, respect and compassion have shown to either be protective or provide for hope for service members.
Although there is a delineation between PTSD and moral injury, the shame that many individuals face as a result of moral injury may predict symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. When considering the impact of shame in PTSD, shame is known to be highly correlated with each cluster of symptoms of PTSD. Although no definitive treatment for moral injury has been found, it is hypothesized that treating the underlying shame that is often associated with service member's symptoms of PTSD is necessary. Additionally, it has been shown that allowing feelings of shame to go untreated can have deleterious effects. This can often make the identification of moral injury in a service member difficult because shame tends to increase slowly over time. Shame has been linked to complications such as interpersonal violence, depression, and suicide. Although there are no systematic reviews or meta-analyses on the treatment of moral injury, Litz and colleagues (2009) have hypothesized a modified version of CBT that addresses three key areas of moral injury: "life-threat trauma, traumatic loss, and moral injury Marines from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars." Although a significant amount of research on moral injury and specifically the treatment of it is still lacking, these proposed treatments and protective factors provide researchers with a starting foundation.
Moral injury of physicians
Moral injury in the context of healthcare was directly named in the Stat News article by Drs. Wendy Dean and Simon Talbot, entitled "Physicians aren't 'burning out.' They're suffering from moral injury." While technically not a 'moral injury' according to any of the multiple definitions relating to moral injury (refer Hodgson and Carey, 2017 ), nevertheless the article and concept goes on to explain that physicians (in the United States) are caught in double and triple and quadruple binds between their obligations of electronic health records, their own student loans, the requirements for patient load through the hospital and number of procedures performed – all while working towards the goal of trying to provide the best care and healing to patients possible. However, the systemic issues facing physicians often cause deep distress because the patients are suffering, despite a physician's best efforts. This concept of moral injury in healthcare is the expansion of the discussion around compassion fatigue and 'burnout.'
- Haleigh, A. Barnes; Hurley, Robin A.; Taber, Katherine H. (23 April 2019). "Moral Injury and PTSD: Often Co-Occurring Yet Mechanistically Different". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. American Psychiatric Association. 31 (2): A4–103. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19020036. ISSN 1545-7222. PMID 31012825.
- Litz, Brett T.; Stein, Nathan; Delaney, Eileen; Lebowitz, Leslie; Nash, William P.; Silva, Caroline; Maguen, Shira (December 2009). "Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy". Clinical Psychology Review. 29 (8): 695–706. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003. PMID 19683376.
- Molendjk, Tine (2018). "Toward an Interdisciplinary Conceptualization of Moral Injury: From Unequivocal Guilt and Anger to Moral Conflict and Disorientation". New Ideas in Psychology. 51: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2018.04.006.
- Rita Nakashima and Gabriella Lettini, Soul Repair: Recovering from Moral Injury After War (Boston: Beacon Press, 2012).
- Maguen, Shira; Litz, Brett. "Moral Injury in the Context of War". PTSD: National Center for PTSD. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
- Molendjk, Tine (2019). "The Role of Political Practices in Moral Injury: A Study of Afghanistan Veterans". Political Psychology. 40 (1): 261–275. doi:10.1111/pops.12503.
- "Physicians aren't 'burning out.' They're suffering from moral injury - STAT". STAT. 2018-07-26. Retrieved 2018-09-27.
- Shay, J.; Munroe, J. (1998). "Group and milieu therapy for veterans with complex posttraumatic stress disorder.". In P. A. Saigh, J. D. Bremner (eds.). Posttraumatic stress disorder: A comprehensive text. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 391–413. ISBN 978-0-205-26734-7.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
- Shay, J. (2002). Odysseus in America: Combat trauma and the trials of homecoming. New York: Scribner.
- Shay, J. (2010). Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-81321-9.
- Hodgson, Timothy J.; Carey, Lindsay B. (19 May 2017). "Moral Injury and Definitional Clarity: Betrayal, Spirituality and the Role of Chaplains". Journal of Religion and Health. 56 (4): 1212–1228. doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0407-z. PMID 28526912.
- Grossman, Dave (2009). On combat: the psychology and physiology of deadly conflict in war and in peace. Illinois: Warrior Science Pub.
- Brock, Rita (2013). "Soul repair: Recovering from moral injury after war". The Right to Heal: Holding the US Accountable for the Human Costs of War.
- Blinka, Dee (2016). "Moral injury in warriors and veterans: The challenge to social work". Social Work & Christianity. 43 (3): 7–27.
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
- Farnsworth, Jacob (2014). "The role of moral emotions in military trauma: Implications for the study and treatment of moral injury". Review of General Psychology. 18 (4): 249–262. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.687.9023. doi:10.1037/gpr0000018.
- Drescher, Kent (2011). "An exploration of the viability and usefulness of the construct of moral injury in war veterans". Traumatology. 17 (1): 8013.
- Gaudet, Camille; Sowers (2016). "A review of PTSD and shame in military veterans". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 26 (1): 56–68. doi:10.1080/10911359.2015.1059168.
- Mental Health Advisory Team (MHAT-IV). (2006, November 17). Operation Iraqi Freedom 05- 07. Retrieved December 18, 2008, from http://www.armymedicine.army.mil/reports/mhat/mhat_iv/mhat-iv.cfm
- Shay, Jonathan (2010). Odysseus in America: Combat Trauma and the Trials of Homecoming. Scribner.
- Molendjk, Tine (2018). "Moral Injury in Relation to Public Debates: The Role of Societal Misrecognition in Moral Conflict-Colored Trauma among Soldiers" (PDF). Social Science & Medicine. 211: 314–320. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.042. hdl:2066/194973. PMID 29980118.
- "Soul Repair : Brite Divinity School". Brite.edu. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2015-03-04.
- Carey, Lindsay B.; Hodgson, Timothy J.; Krikheli, Lillian; Soh, Rachel Y.; Armour, Annie-Rose; Singh, Taranjeet K.; Impiombato, Cassandra G. (19 April 2016). "Moral Injury, Spiritual Care and the Role of Chaplains: An Exploratory Scoping Review of Literature and Resources". Journal of Religion and Health. 55 (4): 1218–1245. doi:10.1007/s10943-016-0231-x. PMID 27094705.
- "U.S. Army Medical Department Center & School Portal". www.cs.amedd.army.mil. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
- Shay, J. (2003). Odysseus in America: Combat trauma and the trials of homecoming. New York: Simon and Schuster.
- Carey, L. B.; Swinton, J.; Grossoehme, D. (2018). "Chaplaincy and Spiritual Care". In Carey, L.B. & Mathisen, B. (eds.). Spiritual Care for Allied Health Practice: A Person-Centred Approach. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. pp. 229–257. ISBN 978-1-78450-501-1.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
- Jinkerson, Jeremy D. (2016). "Defining and assessing moral injury: A syndrome perspective". Traumatology. 22 (2): 122–130. doi:10.1037/trm0000069.
- Carey, L.B. & Hodgson, T. (2018). "Chaplaincy, Spiritual Care and Moral Injury: Considerations Regarding Screening and Treatment". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 (619): 619. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00619. PMC 6290645. PMID 30568605.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- "Pastoral Narrative Disclosure (PND)". Wikiversity.
- Carey, Lindsay B.; Hodgson, Timothy J. (5 December 2018). "Chaplaincy, Spiritual Care and Moral Injury: Considerations Regarding Screening and Treatment". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9: 619. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00619. PMC 6290645. PMID 30568605.
- Hodgson, T. & Carey, L.B. (2017). "Moral Injury and Definitional Clarity: Betrayal, Spirituality and the Role of Chaplains". Journal of Religion and Health. 56 (4): 1212–1228. doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0407-z. PMID 28526912.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Talbot, Dean. "Moral Injury of Healthcare".
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domain: psychology


text:
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Classic Hollywood Though Taylor noted she's not as career-obsessed as she once was, the actress is as busy as ever.
Fox Delirious 18 pics Celebrity portraits by The Times "People came out who had trouble with their relationships and we let them share their problems," Taylor said during a recent interview at the house, which boasts lush gardens.
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In recent years, Taylor has guest-starred as Ted Mosby's neighbor, Mrs. Beginning inshe began playing the overbearing mother of Fran, the title character on The Nanny. Inthe couple co-wrote and starred in the film Made for Each Other.
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Sylvia Bob's Burgers 3 pics Taylor provides comic relief — and a few dramatic moments — in Tyler Perry's new cautionary melodrama "Temptation," opening Friday, which revolves around a young married marriage counselor Jurnee Smollett-Bell whose affair with a volatile billionaire forever changes her life.
Lovers and Other Strangers Career: Playing the free-spoken mother Sylvia Fine, she was handed an Emmy nomination in in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.
Classic Hollywood Gross, who was familiar with Taylor from "The Nanny," described the actress in an email as "a beast when it comes to being likable and funny. Free milf babysitter porn. This website is part of the FamousFix entertainment community. Myrna The Simple Life 4 pics Today she also writes, sells a beauty product, runs dating sites and appears in Tyler Perry's latest. Beginning inshe began playing the overbearing mother of Fran, the title character on The Nanny. Doris Tupper Empty Nest 30 pics Featured Band and Artist Galleries.
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Diseases that attack Marijuana: Yellow Leaf Spot
Yellow leaf on Marijuana
The disease is caused fungus disease causing organisms by Sephora cannabis and S. Neocannabina, they are pathogens that attack marijuana only. It attacks plants that are growing in the open, in areas where it is warm and it rains. It also attacks plants which lack enough supply of nitrogen. The disease initially appears on the lower side of the leaves. The spots appear white others gray and others are yellow in color. As the spot gets older it appears as a pimple which is larger than the initial spot.
The disease attacks the leaves and destroys them then moves on to the stem of the plant; however it does not destroy the plant to death. It makes the plant to reduce in productivity, the leaves dry on the place where the spot was and a hole appears on the spot. Leaves which have been heavily affected dry up then fall off. The spores that cause the disease are spread by wind which blows them away to infect other leaves; they are also spread by water and passersby.
Prevention of yellow leaf can be achieved by practicing crop rotation. This means that after every harvest the plant should be planted in a different area. If the space available may not allow this crop rotation then, after harvesting the crop clear all traces of cannabis from the environment until the soil regains its nutrients. Now you can prepare the land to ensure that the plant has enough nitrogen for the germination of the new crop. Nitrogen for the soil can be provided by spreading fish meal, and blood meal or soybeans on to the ground. Always ensure that you clean your farming kit with rubbing alcohol or try peroxide.
Also you may try to spray fungicide before planting a new plant. The fungicide will kill all pathogens as you prepare the land for planting. There are many mixtures that you can use as fungicide or purchase already mixed solutions. Mixtures that you can uses include oil with other bases like, cinnamon, neem, sesame or cloves and coriander. To prevent spores of yellow leaf spot from growing in the area you can spray baking soda mixture or compost tea.
When watering the plants ensure that you water the soil and not the leaves of the plant, also ensure that watering is done either in the early morning or in the early evening. This will ensure that the leaves are not burnt by sunrays. This should be done even when farming other crops, watering should be on the soil and not the leaves.
If the yellow spots attack the plant during the harvest period, then remove all the affected leaves in the plant and destroy them fully. Also spray the infected areas with the fungicide of your choice for those discussed above in the article.
This will help cannabis farmers to cultivate their crop well and maximize their yield in cultivation of marijuana.
- Medicinal Uses of Marijuana
- Know the Benefits of Cannabis
- Glaucoma and Medical Marijuana
- Qualifications for Medical Marijuana in the USA
- Factors Affecting Penalties for Illegal Possession and Cultivation of Marijuana
- Pitfalls to Avoid When Breeding Marijuana Plants
- How to minimize Expenses when Cultivating Marijuana Indoors
- Marijuana Watering Problems and Solutions
- Marijuana Soil pH Problems and Solutions
- General Guide on How to Identify Sick Marijuana Plants
- Understanding Decriminalization of Marijuana
- Is Medical Marijuana Better Than Conventional Painkillers?
- The Pros and Cons of Cloning Marijuana Plants
- What You Need To Know About Harvesting of Marijuana
- Useful Tips for Storing Marijuana Seeds
- Understanding the Curing Process of Dried Cannabis Buds
- How to Assess Potential Mother Plants for Cloning Marijuana Plants
- What is the Purpose of Defoliating Marijuana Plants?
- 4 Reasons Why Hemp Should Be Exploited
- Overwatering cannabis plants
- Nitrogen deficiency in marijuana plants
- The need to dehumidify marijuana grow rooms
- Why You You Need To Quit Smoking Marijuana
- What Changes Does Cannabis Trigger On A Person?
- Facts You Must Know About Medical Cannabis
- Cloning Of Cannabis Plants
- Useful Tips For Those That Want To Grow Cannabis Indoors
- Growing Marijuana Using LED Lights
- The Healing Properties Of Marijuana
- Cannabis Benefits For Cancer Patients
- Cannabis And Human Intelligence
- Growing Indoor Marijuana Tips
- Examples Of Cannabis Grow Lights
- Where To Grow Outdoor Marijuana
- When Cannabis Effects Strike Young People
- Frequently Asked Questions About Marijuana
- Be Familiar With Cannabis Addiction
- Simple Reminders For Cannabis Growers
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domain: biology


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Field, D. and Eagles, B., 2004. William Cunnington and the long barrows of the River Wylye. In: Cleal, Rosamund Pollard, J, ed. Monuments and Material Culture: papers in honour of an Avebury archaeologist: Isobel Smith. East Knoyle: Hobnob Press, pp. 47-67.
Hodgson, J., 2004. Archaeological reconstruction illustrations: an analysis of the history, development, motivations and current practice of reconstructionil lustration, with recommendations for its future development. PhD Thesis (PhD). Bournemouth University.

domain: library


text:
The art of tattoos has existed for thousands of years. There are many beautiful designs and tattoo themes, which have evolved over a period of time. In the olden times, tattoo art in Japan was associated with Yakuza. However, times have changed now. Before we actually turn towards Japanese tattoos for women, we must go back in time and know about the history of tattoos in Japan.
History of Japanese Tattoos
Although tattoos have existed in Japan for a very long time, it was not until recent years that Japanese body art designs became popular in the West. In the days of the Samurais, criminals were branded with the help of tattoos. This trend also continued to exist when the team members of the Japanese mafia gangs chose to tattoo themselves to display their chosen lifestyle.
We have just seen the history of tattoos among men in Japan. Now let's see the history of tattoos among Japanese women. This art was first accepted by the geisha girls and prostitutes in Japan. They adorned their bodies with these tattoos and used them to attract customers by flaunting their beautifully tattooed bodies. Till recent times, women in Japan were averse to getting themselves tattooed. However, now with the influence of the West, the mindset is changing and Japanese women are more open to getting tattoos now.
Japanese Tattoos for Women
Usually women are smaller and delicately built. Hence, the tattoos for women are smaller in size and are also delicately made. Feminine tattoos are usually isolated in one or two spots of the body. Women's tattoos do not sport as aggressive designs as men's tattoos. This is however not a rule. Now let's know some Japanese designs for women's tattoos.
Kanji tattoos have become very popular. The kanji characters are very intricate and have some kind of mysticism attached to them due to which they seem perfect for tattoo designs. What sets the kanji characters apart is the fact that each kanji symbol is an ideographic character. In simple words, it means that a kanji character represents an entire object or meaning or symbol. When these kanji characters are made, care has to be taken that each stroke is in the right direction and order. The most common words which are depicted using the kanji characters are love, peace, freedom and unity. Some people also choose to ink the name of their loved one in the kanji script. Apart from kanji tattoos, women also like the cursive way of writing in the hiragana script of the Japanese language. If you prefer something simple, you can opt for the simple katakana characters.
The Japanese are passionate about cherry blossoms which are called Sakura in Japanese. These flowers symbolize life itself. They portray how fragile but beautiful life is. In the ancient times, Samurais would write poems about the cherry blossoms depicting their bravery and 'ready to die any minute' nature. To sum it up, cherry blossoms denote beauty at its best along with living life to the fullest each and very moment.
The symbol of perseverance and spiritual struggle in Japan is depicted using the Koi fish. The koi fish are seen as individualistic fighters because of the myth that they had reached the doors of the heaven by swimming upstream. The Koi fish tattoo design has a golden and orange color and is accompanied with a picture of splashing water to make it a beautiful design.
Geisha tattoos are also very famous. The geisha girls are considered to be talented women and they were said to be trained in martial arts. If the need be, these geisha women could protect their homes from intruders. If you want to have a strong female image, then a geisha tattoo meets your requirement.
If you are planning to get a Japanese tattoo made, you can combine a number of tattoo designs together. The world of tattoo designs is enticing. However, if you are looking for a pure Japanese design, you will have to make sure what the kanji actually stands for, for a number of these characters and their meanings have been distorted over time.

domain: design


text:
"Reflections of Ancestral Warriors 30x39 1991"
Original Painting : Collection of Sandi Jo Nickel, a dress shop owner in CO, Biss traded for a dress
Size : 30x39 in | 76x99 cm
Framed : 32x42 in | 81x107 cmFAVORITE
Hand Signed : Upper Right in Paint
Condition : Excellent
Framed without Glass : Black
Purchased from : Gallery 1991
Story / Additional Info : From the collection of Sandi Jo Nickel, Sandi Nichols was a dress shop owner in CO, and Earl paid for a dress with the painting.
Certificate of Authenticity : Art Brokerage has buyers waiting
LID : 122914
Earl Biss - United States
Art Brokerage: Earl Biss American Artist B. 1947-1998: Artist Earl Biss was a member of the Crow Nation. He had a fine classical education in the arts; graduating from the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico, followed by several years of study at the San Francisco Art Institute, Biss continued with a year of independent study in Europe. Earl Biss's works are alive in imagination, with flowing, textured strokes of color and form conveying the moods wonder in the dreams and hopes of an exciting people who are his own, the Crow Indian. A member of the Crow Nation, Earl Biss was one of the most prominent American Indian artists. His paintings are hanging in museums around the world. Art Brokerage is one of the leading secondary market sources for Earl Biss original paintings. Sadly Earl Biss passed away in 1998. Art Brokerage is one of the leading secondary market sources for his original oil paintings. Art Brokerage is one of the leading secondary market sources for Earl Biss original paintings on canvas. Our site is monitored by the Biss Foundation. Listings wanted by Art Brokerage.


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Ching-Wei D. Tzeng MD, Jason B. Fleming MD, Jeffrey E. Lee MD, Lianchun Xiao MS, Peter W. T. Pisters MD, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey MD, Eddie K. Abdalla MD, Robert A. Wolff MD, Gauri R. Varadhachary MD, David R. Fogelman MD, Christopher H. Crane MD, Aparna Balachandran MD, Matthew H. G. Katz MD
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We previously introduced a classification system for patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma that integrates assessments of tumor anatomy, cancer biology, and patient physiology. By means of this system, we sought to analyze outcomes of patients with resectable anatomy but heterogeneous biology and physiology who were treated with neoadjuvant therapy.
We evaluated consecutive patients (2002–2007) with anatomically potentially resectable cancers treated with chemotherapy or chemoradiation before potential pancreatectomy. We compared clinical factors and outcomes of patients classified as having disease that was clinically resectable (CR; no extrapancreatic disease, preserved performance status); suspicion for extrapancreatic disease (BR-B); or marginal performance status or significant comorbidity (BR-C). Patients with borderline resectable anatomy (BR-A) were excluded.
Resection rates for 138 CR, 41 BR-B, and 38 BR-C patients were 75, 46, and 37%, respectively (P < 0.001). Metastases, detected during treatment in 23% of patients, were the most common contraindication to resection among CR (15%) and BR-B (46%) patients. Performance status rarely precluded surgery except among BR-C (32%) patients. Factors associated with selection against surgery were older age, poor performance status, pain, and therapeutic complications (P < 0.05). The median overall survival of all patients was 21 months. Resected and unresected BR-B and BR-C patients had median overall survival durations similar to those of resected and unresected CR patients, respectively (P > 0.22).
This system describes discrete clinical subgroups of patients with pancreatic cancer who have similar, potentially resectable tumor anatomy but heterogeneous physiology and cancer biology. It may be used with neoadjuvant therapy to predict outcomes, individualize treatment algorithms, and optimize survival.
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domain: medical


text:
Russian state nuclear corporation Rosatom opened a regional office in India on 20 October at a ceremony held during the India Nuclear Energy international conference and exhibition. Aleksey Pimenov, president of the Russian state nuclear corporation's South Asia region said: "Historically, India is one of our key foreign partners. Two power units of Russian design are already operating at the Kudankulam NPP site and two more are under construction. To increase the state corporation's market presence, it was decided to open a regional centre in Mumbai. This will enable us to join forces with our Indian partners and enhance the performance of Russian nuclear enterprises operating in India." Rosatom now has 12 regional offices around the world.
Pimenov added that the establishment of a global network of regional centres reflected the expansion of Rosatom’s global presence and a long-term development strategy, according to which Rodstom aims to increase the portfolio of foreign orders to $190bn for the next five years. Similar regional centres are already operating in Western, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Central Asia, East and South-East Asia, the Middle East and North Africa.

domain: economics


Nicolas Sarkozy's exercise regimen improved his sex life—and it can better yours, too!
Taking love and relationship advice from French president Nicolas Sarkozy might seem a little counter-intuitive. After all, this is the man whose wife left him after his public extramarital affairs. But taking sex advice from him? That's something we can endorse.
The froggy prez has been on a serious exercise regimen, and in the past 10 months has dropped nine pounds and two pants sizes. But there's a not-so-evident benefit as well: improved sex life.
Keeping the perineum in shape is helpful for women as well—ever heard of Kegel exercises? Usually promoted as a way to prevent incontinence for pregnant women and seniors, these exercises strengthen your pelvic floor, which can lead to better sex, more intense orgasms and generally make you more aware of your nether-regions—always a good idea.
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Estrogen creams are for peri or post-menopausal women experiencing symptoms of vaginal atrophy. It occurs because of the lower estrogen levels in the blood after menopause. The skin becomes drier and less elastic, causing such symptoms as burning, pain with intercourse, and even urinary incontinence. Estrogen creams work locally, as opposed to hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which works systemically. This means that the cream is applied to the skin, works directly where it is applied, and shouldn’t increase your blood estrogen levels.
HRT affects the entire body and is the most effective treatment for hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, low sex drive, vaginal dryness, etc. So, if you are experiencing any of those symptoms, then yes, you may find an estrogen cream to be very helpful. Women who have had breast or uterine cancers however, should discuss their specific case with their oncologists first.
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Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is a luxury device aimed at people who want the latest innovation in the world of phablets. The premium price tag and colossal size didn't stop it from being preordered by many people online, so much so that Samsung bragged about its preordered performance in select markets, such as the UK. If you want to know what Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G can do, why its cost is so high, and whether it is the right choice for you, read this detailed review:
Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G: Who is it good for?
This massive Android phablet is a good choice for:
- People who are looking for a phablet with excellent hardware and performance
- Users who want one of the best camera systems on the market
- People who want to enjoy watching high-resolution movies on a large mobile screen
- Users who are interested in productivity and using their smartphone as a PC replacement
- People with large hands who can hold a smartphone this big
- Users with a generous budget who can afford luxury devices
Pros and cons
Here are some of the best things about the Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G:
- An immersive screen that's great both for movies and productivity
- Excellent sound quality on both the stereo speakers and the bundled earphones
- The cameras feature some impressive specs
- The S Pen is responsive and precise
- Excellent build quality
- Fast and precise fingerprint sensor
- You can connect it to a PC or use it as a PC replacement, with Samsung Dex
- Fast charging both via USB and wirelessly
There are also some downsides to consider:
- The sheer size and weight of this smartphone don't make it a suitable choice for people with smaller hands
- We would have liked a battery with a larger capacity
- Samsung should use a Qualcomm processor in all markets, not just the USA
- It is not a great choice for mobile gaming
Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is a premium phablet with a hefty price tag, destined for people with generous budgets. It is an excellent choice if you want the best screen or a fantastic camera system. It is perfect for enjoying high-resolution movies and for work. The S Pen is fast and precise, and it offers a great way to take notes. Also, if you want to replace your PC with a smartphone, Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is one of the best choices available on the market right now.
Unboxing the Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G
Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G comes in a large black box with the N20 logo and the S Pen on the top. On the sides, the device's full name is printed in black letters, and you see some stickers with information about the serial number and the IMEI code of the Android smartphone that you just bought.
When you unbox everything, you find the smartphone itself, its charger, a pair of high-quality AKG earphones, and the data cable.
Inside a smaller box, you find the SIM eject pin, the quick start guide, and the warranty card. Unfortunately, Samsung doesn't bundle a protection case for your newly purchased smartphone. Considering how much of this phone is built using glass and how expensive it is, it would have been a welcome accessory.
Unboxing the Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is an experience worthy of a premium device. Inside the package, you get everything you need, except for a protection case, which needs to be purchased separately.
Design and build quality
Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G follows the classic Galaxy Notes design language that people know from previous years, with rounded corners and a slightly curved display. The bottom bezel is thinner than on prior models and the selfie camera cutout too. This is a giant 6.9" smartphone, that weighs 7.34 oz or 208 grams. It is 164.8 x 77.2 mm or 6.49 x 3.04 inches in length and width, and it has a thickness of 8.1mm or 0.32 inches.
On the back, the most visible feature is the oversized camera hump that contains three lenses, the flash, and a laser sensor. It is enormous, and it makes the smartphone heavier towards the top-right corner. Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is available in three colors: Mystic Bronze, Black, and White. For testing, we received the Mystic Black version, which is the biggest fingerprint magnet of all versions.
On the bottom of the smartphone, you find the S Pen, the USB charging port, that also functions as an audio port, a speaker, and a microphone.
On the top side of the smartphone, you find the SIM tray and another microphone.
On the right side of Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G, there are the volume keys and a programmable side key that no longer works as a Power button, as it does on many other Android smartphones.
The smartphone is built with premium materials that are designed to last. The frame is all metal, and the screen is protected by Corning Gorilla Glass version 7 (Victus), the most durable glass on the market today. Both the S Pen and the smartphone have an IP68 certification, that is deemed fit enough to withstand dust, dirt, and sand, and is resistant to submersion up to a maximum depth of about 5 feet or 1.5m underwater for up to thirty minutes.
Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is a giant smartphone, made with the best materials available, that has a design worthy of a luxury product.
Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G packs some powerful hardware. First of all, it features a Qualcomm SM8250 Snapdragon 865+ system on a chip (SoC) in the United States, or a Samsung Exynos 990 processor with eight cores, in other markets. We would have preferred for Samsung to use the Qualcomm processor in all markets. The graphics chip inside this smartphone can be an Adreno 650 in the USA or a Mali-G77 MP11 chip in other markets.
There's also 12 GB of RAM, and 128 GB, 256 GB, or 512 GB of storage space for your apps, pictures, and videos. Considering that you can record 8K videos on this smartphone, I would recommend the 256 GB or 512 GB storage options. However, there's also the possibility of extending the storage space using a microSDXC card.
Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G bundles an outstanding camera system. On the back, we have the following:
- 12 MP ultra-wide camera, with an aperture of f2.2
- 108 MP (yes, that's correct) wide-angle camera, with optical image stabilization, and an aperture of f1.8
- 12 MP telephoto camera, with an aperture of f3
- A laser sensor with autofocus
- The flash
The selfie camera on the front features a 10 MP objective, auto-focus, and an aperture of f2.2. These are some impressive specs, that allow you to record videos in 8K resolution and 24 frames per second, or 4K resolution and 30 or 60 frames per second.
The screen is impressive, both in terms of size (6.9") and technology. Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G has Quad HD+ Dynamic AMOLED 2X display with 16 million colors, a resolution of 1440 x 3088 pixels, a density of 496 pixels per inch (ppi), a screen to body ratio of 91.7%, with HDR10+, and a refresh rate of up to 120 Hz.
This device works with 5G mobile networks and Wi-Fi 6 wireless networks with MU-MIMO 4x4 transfers. It also has a Bluetooth 5 chip, a GPS chip, NFC, and a USB Type-C 3.2 port.
Also, there are many sensors on it: an ultra-fast fingerprint reader (under the display), an accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity sensor, compass, and barometer.
The audio equipment on the Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is top-notch too: the smartphone has both stereo speakers and earphones made by AKG that feature surround sound with Dolby Atmos technology (Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital Plus included). The audio jack is gone; instead, you can use the USB-C port for connecting the bundled earphones. A nice touch is that the bundled AKG earphones come with extra earbuds of different sizes to fit any ear comfortably.
A 4500 mAh Li-Ion battery powers the Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G. Considering how large the screen is, and how much energy it consumes, we are underwhelmed by its capacity. However, this downside is offset by Samsung bundling 25W fast charging when using the USB cable and supporting fast wireless charging 2.0 at 15W.
The S Pen is Bluetooth enabled, with a battery that lasts up to 24 hours of standby time, and a diameter of 0.7mm. It also has a latency of 9 ms, and it works at up to 4096 pressure levels.
The specifications sheet for Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G is incredibly long, and we covered the most important details. If you want more information, visit this page: Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G Specs.
To learn more about the smartphone experience, the cameras, bundled apps, and performance in benchmarks, go to the second page of this review.


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Growing demand for HBCU bands’ talent increases their time in national spotlight
TV shows, ads and sporting events raise awareness of Black college culture
When Bethune-Cookman University’s Marching Wildcats band took the field at the Daytona 500 in February, it put historically Black colleges and universities’ culture in front of the world.
As the most prestigious race in the NASCAR series, the Daytona 500 boasts the largest financial purse to win and historically draws the highest television crowd. For Bethune-Cookman, it made leading the top drivers down the iconic track and playing in front of about 15,000 fans afterward a huge deal.
“By the school being in Daytona, that’s a huge thing. It’s a huge thing around the world, but the Daytona 500 is a huge event in Daytona,” said Donovan Wells, who has been Bethune-Cookman’s band director for 26 years.
Bethune-Cookman wasn’t alone in displaying HBCU culture in the media last month. Black colleges such as Norfolk State University in Virginia, Prairie View A&M University in Texas and Central State University in Ohio also put their bands on display. From Home Depot commercials to television host Sherri Shepherd’s daytime show, the demand for HBCU bands is as high as ever on the national stage.
Despite performing at the Daytona 500 before, this performance meant more to Bethune-Cookman. It was only weeks removed from the brief, contentious hiring and resignation of Ed Reed to be football coach, which brought the school national attention. So while many sports fans were familiar with the school, which is about two miles away from Daytona International Speedway, the 325-member Marching Wildcats showed them so much more.
“For us to be a part of it, it makes us feel extremely special. It’s a great crowd to play in front of because NASCAR people love racing and they love to have a good time,” Wells said. “Our band, the type of music we play, our movements and dance steps and stuff fall right in line with them. Our kids got a blast playing on the infield. It was really, really great.
“Anytime your art form can be shown to a new audience, a new segment of society, it’s great because then people understand you better. They understand what you do better.”
The ramifications are significant. Every time an HBCU band is seen or heard, it puts Black culture in front of people who likely never would have had a taste of it.
“In so many ways this is a seminal moment for HBCUs and all that HBCUs stand for. For so long they have been a very important piece of the tapestry of this country, but unfortunately, it just always felt like they were only known to a certain pocket of our world,” said Sheryl Kennedy Haydel, director of the School of Communication and Design at Loyola University New Orleans.
Kennedy Haydel said seeing HBCU bands in mainstream media adds another dimension to non-African Americans seeing the culture; it allows them to appreciate the immense talent that’s being produced.
“With that new, renewed focus, HBCUs have [now] become a front and center conversation piece, which they should have always been,” said Kennedy Haydel, who also has worked at Dillard and Xavier universities, two HBCUs in New Orleans. “So now when we see another layer of the bands being featured in commercials, halftime, pregame shows or in parades, that it is also another important step in how HBCUs now are part of an international dialogue, which they should have always been.”
That was the scenario when Shepherd issued a challenge recently to HBCU bands as part of an ongoing promotion asking viewers to come up with creative ways to use her TV show’s theme song. Thus far, Norfolk State’s Hot Ice dance troupe and Prairie View A&M’s Marching Storm band have submitted videos. Norfolk State danced to the theme song, while Prairie View A&M performed a rendition of it.
Prairie View A&M band director Timmey Zachery said he cut the band by one-third to teach the rendition in a two-week timeframe. He added he loved turning the song into an HBCU-style rendition.
“It was an opportunity for us to support Sherri Shepherd and her show as an African American in the industry through what we do. So, we are very proud of what she’s doing, as well as trying to show the world what we do,” Zachery said. “It gave us the opportunity to reach people in other places and expose them to at least the name, Prairie View, so that hopefully they would sit down and investigate and go and do a search on us to figure out who we are and why we are so great.”
Zachery said it was “just sheer excitement” for the band members and their families to see themselves in their element on Shepherd’s show. It also was great exposure for the school, given most of the students are not music majors.
“The vast majority of those people in that video are engineers and architects, or future engineers, future architects, future nurses, future doctors,” Zachery said. “We have to make sure they realize that this is just a part of what these students do. And it’s a small part. It plays a big role, but it’s a small part.”
Both videos were played live on the show, which is produced by Jawn Murray, a Norfolk State alumnus.
“It was really nice to see, because it perpetuates that dance is an option at an HBCU, which a lot of kids do not know,” said Melanie Winns, a Norfolk State grad who watched the performance on the show. “They are the heartbeat and the pulse [of bands], outside of the drum major. When you think of [what it means] to young little girls of color to see that on national television, what it might mean to one child who never thought it was even possible, they [now] know these are college girls on a national stage dancing in a graceful way.”
Let’s be clear: Highlighting HBCU bands in commercials or major performances is not new; it’s just more prevalent now.
When A Different World included a small Hillman College marching band in the show’s opening in the 1990s, it introduced HBCU culture to a national television audience. It allowed a new generation to learn about and see Black college life.
But whether it’s due to the ripple effect from Deion Sanders’ time coaching at Jackson State’s football team or not, the national spotlight on HBCU culture has increased in recent years.
Last fall, the Tennessee State band’s drum majors participated in a photo shoot for specially made red, white and blue TSU x Nike Dunk Lows, part of a footwear collection celebrating historically Black colleges and universities.
In December 2021, Pepsi unveiled a $3 million, 60-second ad called The Halftime Game during the Southwestern Athletic Conference championship game on ESPN2. The ad featured Jackson State University’s Sonic Boom of the South and Florida A&M University’s Marching 100.
The added exposure helps raise awareness of HBCUs in states such as California, which struggles to send young people from the West Coast to East Coast HBCUs. The closest HBCU to California is in Texas.
“I hear of a lot of people who say kids don’t care about HBCUs or they don’t apply,” said Winns, president of the Southern California chapter of the Norfolk State University Alumni Association. “The band helps us jump on that coattail, and it validates who we are and that we even exist.
“I was different. I was one of those who saw it on A Different World in the ’90s or School Daze, but it wasn’t as foreign as it would be for kids in California [now].”
The Home Depot has been using HBCU bands prominently in promoting its annual Retool Your School campus improvement grant initiative on television and social media. The ads feature North Carolina A&T’s Blue and Gold Marching Machine, cutaways from other bands and background music in others.
“At The Home Depot we love championing HBCUs and are proud to partner with them to create real change for their campuses and students alike,” said Briar Waterman, senior director of creative and design for The Home Depot. “In our creative work we wanted to feature some user-generated films from a variety of schools that included the authentic energy and unique traditions of HBCU bands.”
Individual NBA teams have included HBCU bands as a part of their Black History Month campaigns. In February, Central State played a Motown set at a Detroit Pistons game, and Bethune-Cookman performed for the Orlando Magic crowd.
Kennedy Haydel said all of these opportunities allow the masses to see the diversity of HBCU bands in a safe space. Each band has a different name and a signature style, which makes them unique for others to watch. But the key to grabbing viewers’ attention is music, which is the ultimate unifier, she said.
“All of these traditions, especially [from] a band perspective, really add another layer to the Black community and [show] just how extremely diverse [we are],” Kennedy Haydel said. “Music is one of those spaces where people forget about race, they forget about socioeconomic class and they just enjoy it. They can be immersed in whatever the tune is, whatever the lyrics might have been. They’re singing along with the band.”

domain: news


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The United Left, the broad left of the new Unite union, held its inaugural conference in Birmingham last Saturday. Around 200 members of the old Amicus and T&G broad left organisations attended.
Speakers included Tony Woodley, the joint general secretary of Unite, and Labour MP John McDonnell.
The backdrop to the meeting could not have provided more arguments for the need for a fighting union.
Tony Woodley spoke of his frustration with the Labour government.
He said that the sacking of BMW workers had been humiliating and indicated that any further job losses would not be tolerated.
John McDonnell spoke of the need for a union that fights on the key issues of climate change, jobs and resisting the Nazi BNP.
From the floor members argued for an immediate response to the jobs slaughter and highlighted the need for campaigns that unite all workers.
The slogan “British jobs for British workers”, which was used at the recent unofficial strikes at Lindsey oil refinery, was roundly condemned.
McDonnell backed these sentiments to huge applause.
Speakers also raised the need to support the Waterford occupation in Ireland and the TUC demonstration against the G20 on 28 March.
The United Left can help positively shape resistance if the decisions passed at the founding conference are acted upon.
For more information go to » www.unitedleft.org
lThe election for Amicus general secretary is ongoing. Socialist Worker supporters are calling for a vote for Jerry Hicks, a former Rolls Royce worker. To download a leaflet go to » www.swp.org.uk/resources/amicuselect160209.pdf
Many people are already missing bill payments
Solidarity boosts NEU union members
News in brief from workers' struggles

domain: politics


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Green Bay's history against the San Francisco 49ers goes back to 1950. In that year, the 49ers entered the NFL as a result of the NFL's merger with the All-America Football Conference (the other two teams that joined the NFL in the merger were the Cleveland Browns and Baltimore Colts. That version of the Colts folded after just one year in the NFL but the Browns are still around - after a move to Baltimore and a rebirth in 1999).
Although the Packers won their first game against the 49ers, this was an exception as the Packers were perennial cellar-dwellers while the 49ers, who were not great, nonetheless got the better of most of the early matchups. In fact, until Scooter McLean's disastrous 1958 season, the Packers lost 13 of 16 games against San Francisco, winning only the aforementioned 1950 game and both games in the 1955 season. The reason the Packers and 49ers played twice every year was because both teams were in the same conference.
The losing to the 49ers in general ended in 1959 with the arrival of Vince Lombardi as Packers' coach and the establishment of the Packers as one of the best teams in the 1960s. Green Bay would ultimately change it fortunes in the series, winning all but one of the games until the 1964 season. The 1964 season featured the beginning of a long, odd trend: the home team in every game would win nearly every game.
In 1965, the teams played to a 24-24 tie in San Francisco. It was this tie that allowed the Baltimore Colts to catch the Packers in the standings even though the Packers had beaten the Colts twice in the regular season and necessitated a playoff game against the Colts in Green Bay.
By 1968, Lombardi was gone as Packers coach. The series continued with the home team winning every game until the 1976 season, when the 49ers beat the Packers in Green Bay for the first time since 1956. Although the Packers would win the 1977 and 1980 games, the 1981 season saw the 49ers take off as the team that would dominate the NFL for much of the next 20 years. The series then switched, with San Francisco taking four games in Wisconsin while the Packers finally put an end to their losing streak in San Francisco by winning in 1989 in a shocking 21-17 upset.
The series then went on hold before it came back with a bang in the 1995 playoffs. The Packers, considered by many to be prohibitive underdogs while playing in San Francisco in the divisional round, nonetheless scored a 27-17 upset that was not as close as the final score indicated. The series returned with some regularity, but the Packers won the vast majority of games until 2010. Included in this stretch were several memorable games.
In 1996, the Packers went into overtime while rallying against the 49ers to win 23-20. In the playoffs that year, Desmond Howard ran one punt back for a touchdown and nearly broke another return, keying a 35-14 Packers victory. The 1997 game in San Francisco in the playoffs gave Green Bay the right to play in the Super Bowl. A year later, another playoff game in San Francisco saw the uncalled Jerry Rice fumble followed by the Terrell Owens touchdown catch with three seconds left to secure the only win for the 49ers in this stretch.
The Packers finally got some measure of payback in 2001, defeating the 49ers in the last playoff game at Lambeau Field before the renovations began in 2002. A year later, the Packers defeated the 49ers in San Francisco in a huge win for Green Bay. The 2003 game in Lambeau Field showed the Packers were a true running team that year.
In 2006, the Packers, fresh off three consecutive bad losses, went into San Francisco and defeated the 49ers 30-19. In 2009, Aaron Rodgers made his first start against the 49ers and defeated them, 30-24. The game the following year featured a memorable catch-and-run by Donald Driver for a long touchdown pass as the Packers defeated the 49ers yet again, 34-16.
In 2012, the 49ers finally managed to defeat the Packers. Helped by a stifling defense, San Francisco went into Green Bay and won 30-22. In the playoffs that year, the 49ers knocked the Packers out, 45-31, as it became established Green Bay had no answer for the read-option. This would prove to be the Packers' Achilles heel again in 2013 in San Francisco as the 49ers won once more. Then, in the playoffs that year, the Packers played San Francisco tough at home but a late dropped interception by Micah Hyde (which would have set the Packers up in game-winning field goal position) proved costly as the 49ers used a late field goal to win 23-20.
What are your memories of the Packers playing the 49ers?

domain: game


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By Bob Walsmith Jr.
Santa Barbara Affiliation of Realtors
For many of us, our pets are household. We allow them to sleep in our beds, ladle dietary dietary supplements on their natural kibble, and throw birthday events for them. Actually, we love our animal companions a lot that we even select a house and a house design for pets.
These numbers inform the story. Forty-three p.c of pet homeowners say they’d transfer to accommodate their pet, in response to a 2021 research from the Nationwide Affiliation of Realtors. What’s extra, 68% of pet homeowners surveyed by Realtor.com say they’d go on an in any other case excellent dwelling that didn’t meet their pet’s wants.
Listed below are some pet-friendly options that can make a house extra welcoming for animals.
#1 A Pet Bathing Station
Washing a canine in a traditional bathtub may be depressing. Even when your pup is groomed often, you continue to want to wash them up after they romp on the canine park or roll in mud within the yard. One answer is to construct a grooming station in your house for fast cleanups. For bigger canines, you may set up a business grooming tub with a hand sprayer or a walk-in bathe that can accommodate your pet. The situation is versatile: A grooming station can go in a laundry room, mudroom, or storage.
#2 Pet Proof Flooring
Accidents occur, even with the best-behaved pets. That’s why flooring with a tough, impermeable floor make your life simpler. Suppose tile, hardwood, terrazzo, cement, or laminate. Steer clear of wall-to-wall carpet. Carpets take in pet stains, so that they’re a foul thought. Including wood flooring to your own home will increase financial worth, too.
#3 Constructed-In Pet Beds
Pet beds tossed about your home are unattractive and devour priceless ground house. The choice is constructing pet beds into cupboards, cabinets, and different items of furnishings. You may construct a pet mattress into the underside cabinets of a bookcase or right into a kitchen or mudroom cupboard. Or tuck it beneath the steps. If hiring a cabinetmaker or carpenter to construct a seamless pet mattress isn’t in your funds, you can even purchase pet beds that appear to be furnishings.
#4 Constructed-In Pet Gates
You don’t need your pets to enter sure locations in your house, and most of us hold them out with child gates. Plastic child gates are flimsy and unattractive. A greater choice is a built-in gate. You may rent a cabinetmaker to construct a customized pet gate for a door that’s mounted to a door jamb on hinges. Or contemplate pre-made upscale pet gates which you could mount to a door jamb or staircase.
#5 Outside Ramp
Identical to people, canines and cats can get too previous to simply navigate stairs. If stairs are separating your pet from the outside, construct a ramp from the door to the yard to make your home accessible as they age. Make certain you design the ramp at an angle they will navigate. Small or short-legged canines — like basset hounds and corgis — may have a ramp to navigate stairs even once they’re younger.
#6 Enclosed Cat Patio
Additionally referred to as a catio (cat + patio,) these out of doors enclosures present a protected place in your cat to play exterior. The construction, with a roof and 4 partitions, retains your cat protected and unable to hurt wildlife. Catios can vary from window-box sized ones to lanai-sized ones massive sufficient to surround a patio with human seating.
#7 Constructed-In Pet Doorways
These pet doorways with the rubber flaps and plastic frames that you just hack right into a door may be flimsy and straight-up ugly. Thankfully, sturdier and extra aesthetically pleasing alternate options can be found. You may get exterior doorways with built-in pet doorways. Integrating a pet door into your own home’s design is healthier for you and your pup as a result of it’s extra everlasting, safe, and beautiful.
#8 Fenced-In Yard
A fenced-in yard is close to the highest of most purchasers’ checklist once they’re in search of dog-friendly options. There’s no substitute for a protected place in your animals to spend time outdoor.
Bob Walsmith Jr. is a local to Southern California and a Realtor® with Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices California Properties in Santa Barbara. Throughout his work with the Santa Barbara Affiliation of Realtors, Bob has served on the CORE Committee, Training Committee, been Chair of the Funds & Finance Committee, and the A number of Itemizing Service Committee. He is also on the Board of Administrators of the Alpha Useful resource Middle of Santa Barbara. Bob lives in Goleta along with his stunning spouse Julie. When not working, Bob enjoys enjoying golf, positive wine, positive eating, and strolling our stunning shoreline. Bob may be reached at 805.720.5362 and/or email@example.com
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domain: pet


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"Collecting eight more issues of the classic superhero series -- Cover. Call of the wild -- Can't buy me love -- The ghost in the machine -- Ring in the new. Zachary T. Paleozogt--Zot!--is a superhero living on an alternate, utopian Earth circa 1965, a world of robot butlers, flying cars, and zany villains. Jenny Weaver is a high school student living on an imperfect world of disappointment and broken promises--our Earth. Stepping across the portals...
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