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NIMH Facebook Live: How Does Puberty Affect Brain Development?
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Good afternoon. The NIMH is hosting this event. Uh, in recognition of National Children's Mental Health Awareness Day. Um, my name is Peter Schmidt. I am the Chief of the Behavioral Endocrinology Branch within the NIMH. And along with my collaborator Karen Berman, we have been conducting a study looking at the effects of puberty on, uh, typically developing boys and girls. Now, unfortunately, Dr. Berman is not able to join us today but we are joined by two of our lead investigators, Dr. Shau-Ming Wei, who's a research fellow within our group, and Dr. Katherine Reding, who is a post-doctoral fellow in our group. Now, during the first part of this session, we'll be discussing some basic aspects of puberty, what we know about the effects of puberty on brain, and why-- or what do we hope will be, uh, questions will be answered by this study. Now, certainly, in the second part, we will be open to questions, um, and so, please, if you have any questions, you can send them in during-- at any point during this, uh, this event. Uh, one program note is that we are unable to provide any specific medical advice or referrals but that you are encouraged, if you have questions about diagnosis, treatment, or any other personal questions, to seek out a qualified health care professionals. Uh, if you need help doing that, there will a website, an NIMH website called, uh, Find Help, I believe, that will, uh, be sent out and there, there is information on that site. So, um, just to begin with then, um, let me ask Dr. Reding a question about how we distinguish between adolescents and puberty.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Okay. Well, thank you. It's so good to be here. Um, so adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood. This includes everything that happens at that time period. Uh, that means changes, uh, in the body, changes in emotion, and changes in, uh, psychology. It even includes changes in social roles and responsibilities. Uh, but puberty is actually a specific biological process that is embedded within adolescence. Um, it's, it's the combination of all the biological processes that are needed to produce adult reproductive function. So in other words, age is-- uh, sorry. Adolescence is really just, um, at look at age while puberty is more a look at the cascade of hormonal events that are occurring at this time.
>> PETER SCHMIDT:[inaudible] and while you're, uh, reviewing this, could you tell us what we know currently about the relationship or the effects of puberty on, uh, brain development in normal boys and girls?
>> KATHERINE REDING: Mm-hmm. I'd love to. So we don't know exactly how puberty affects brain development. Uh, but we do have a few clues. So one of our first clues comes from animal research. And here what we see is that, um, the connections between brain cells or neurons, seem to go through a process called pruning during puberty. Um, what this means is that the connections between the neurons, um, are altered, they're changed. So some might disappear altogether while others become stronger. Um, our other clue comes from human brain imaging work in adolescents. And we see here is that as children age, different, uh, parts of their brains, uh, specifically the ones that control behavior, they seem to be maturing at a slower rate than the part of the brain that drives behavior. So you can think of this as brakes in a car. So what's happening in adolescence is that these brakes on behavior are maturing. So putting the-- putting these things together, we think there is significant pruning happening in these control regions throughout puberty. Um, and what we're trying to figure out here in the study is when those changes might happen and what pubertal events might be causing those changes.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: One, one follow-up question on that is that, that Dr. Wei will talk a little bit later about some sex differences, uh, that emerge around the time of puberty in a number of conditions. Um, are there-- is there any information about sex differences related to brain development at this time?
>> KATHERINE REDING: Mm-hmm.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Because given the sex differences in the way puberty and the hormones involved in puberty, you might anticipate some of this.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Yeah. So for the adolescent, uh, human neuroimaging work - excuse me - uh, it really looks like there is a slight difference in timing of this pruning that might be happening in the brain where girls might go through this pruning earlier than boys. However, we don't really know if this is because of, uh, puberty or adolescents or age. Uh, girls also tend to go through puberty earlier than boys. So it might be linked together. So, again, there are clues out there in the adolescent research that there are sex differences but we really don't fully understand, uh, how puberty and sex differences in puberty might affect brain development.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Great. Thank you. So as Dr. Reding described it or implied that puberty is a very complicated physiologic phenomenon that-- and there's a tremendous amount of individual variations. So in order to conduct this study, one of the most important features is that we make sure that every child, at least th-those eight-year-olds, is in the pre-pubertal state. So they had to know-- we, we go to great lengths to make sure that there's no evidence that they have started puberty. And we do this with a, a number of measures. Um, but essentially, we then follow them over a period of approximately 10 years seeing every boy and girl 8 to 10-- a-at 8- to 10-month intervals. And we perform a number of, uh, brain scans looking at measures of many of the things that, that Dr. Reding talked about. We also look at a number of bi-- or take a number of biological samples including blood tests that will tell us about exactly what is happening in the pubertal process in these boys and girls. We also measure a phenomena that, uh, Dr. Wei will talk about later related to growth and metabolism. Now, what we hope to get then, is on an individual basis, a map that will tell us about, uh, what happened to this boy or girl over this 10 year period. Now, if-- just as an aside, although I [inaudible] receiving no product placement, uh, uh, activity here. But if any one of our viewers would like to participate in the study, the number to call is 301-496-9576. And you may hear me repeat this 1,000 times over this, uh, this session. So Dr. Wei [crosstalk].
>> SHAU-MING WEI: [inaudible] yeah. So I would also like to add that at the end of this study, our goal is to compose an individual navigational map of each child of these key physiologic events that occur during this important transitional period that is puberty, um, that also include, for example, growth spurts or, in girls, the onset of first menstrual bleeding. And what we can do is take these events, this, uh, physiologic milestones and look at how they change together, uh, with brain during development across puberty.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Yes. So in other words, we'll be able to identify within each individual boy and girl, when this event occurred. For example, the growth spurt. And then look at the brain--
>> SHAU-MING WEI: Imaging.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: --imaging before and after that. Because what's most important is that given all these things happening, the-- at the end of the study, we want to be able to evaluate what are the effects of this specific activation of the gonadal axis, which is called-- you know, part of which we assume is part of puberty. And distinguish that from, say, the growth spurt and the hormones that are produced then which could also impact on brain development as well as a variety of other, uh, physiologic events. So Dr. Wei, then, um, maybe just to continue, can you tell us why this is important? Why are we doing this study?
>> SHAU-MING WEI: So adolescence is a time where we see dramatic increase in a range of neuropsychiatric illnesses and the emergence of sex differences in a number of these conditions including schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. So by studying how puberty related physiologic milestones and brain changes in typically developing children, we can then understand how these effects are different in children that are at risk of developing these, um, neuropsychiatric conditions. And so these data then will help other investigators to understand, uh, development.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: So we'll not only be able to understand precisely, we hope, what happens, uh, what are the effects of puberty and the onset of, of sex hormone secretion by the gonadal organs, um, in terms of brain development. But in collaboration and with sharing with other investigators, we'll be able to see how, for example, uh, the effects of early life trauma may impact on brain development at the time of puberty or children, uh, boys and girls, who say there's this large, uh, as Dr. Wei mentioned, a large increase in, uh, conditions like depression and anxiety that we start seeing in girls really after the first, uh, menstrual bleeding. Whereas prior to that, there seems to be an equal different-- equal prevalence of depression and anxiety in both boys and girls. So these are the, uh-- those are the long-term effects. Once we can identify what are the important factors of puberty, then that can be shared with other people and they can start pursuing those studies themselves. So I think, um, the next phase is to, uh, uh, address some of your questions. So please, uh, again, um, send in the questions. We'll try to get to all of them by the end of the session. If not, there may be some follow-up. And I also remind you that we are not able to provide, um, specific medical advice or referrals but that you're encouraged to see your, your health care provider. So, um, let me ans-- address one question now. Um, one of the audience is asking, "Why are you starting with eight-year-olds? When does puty-- puberty normally begin?" Maybe Dr. Reding can, uh--
>> KATHERINE REDING: Sure.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: --address that one.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Sure. So we're starting with eight-year-olds firstly because we want to capture children before they start puberty. Um, but also we want to try to get children that are older and that can handle the, uh, neural imaging protocols more easily. It's difficult to stay still in a neural imaging scanner, uh, so older children tend to stay still, uh, more easily. So by recruiting children at eight, we're getting them as close as we can to, uh, the start of puberty while still being before puberty and also trying to capture children that can do the protocol.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Okay. Next question. Does puberty affect if-- affect the effectiveness of medications? And that's a good question. It's, it's a tough one. Um, certainly, we know that age-- so some antihistamines, um, that are taken, they're metabolized differently in younger children compared to older adults. Um, sometimes faster, sometimes slower. And, and this is actually one, uh, frequent event that comes up in our study because during, uh, you know, s-- uh, allergy season in Washington which is about 10 months out of the 12, uh, you know, children often take, uh, allergy medications and then we have to kind of-- when we hear about that at the last minute, we have to delay scheduling. So there certainly is an age-related effect. As to the specific effects of puberty, I, I think going back to, uh, Dr. Reding's question, no one knows. Um, certainly, sex hormones may impact the metabolism of some medications. Um, we know that from women who have been on the birth control pill or oral contraceptives that there may be interactions or women, um, taking medications that, say, block estrogen, may impact the metabolism of certain antidepressants so-- uh, and alter their effectiveness. So it's quite likely and it's plausible but we do not know specifics at this point.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: And actually-- uh, a follow-up question though. I don't think there are any evidence that-- or I don't think that currently there are any medications that have different doses in boys and girls.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: No. You're correct. Yeah.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: So we don't really know.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Yeah. That's a good point. Yeah. Okay. Will nutrition be a factor in this study? I would hand that over to Dr. Reding yet again.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Excellent. So although we're not taking specific measures of what kids are eating every day, uh, we are trying to take nutrition into account. And we do this in two different ways. Uh, so first we're going to be measuring the BMI of all the participants in our study. Um, so for this we're, we're, we're measuring BMI because we actually want to control for a specific range of BMI values. So we're only recruiting children to-- into the study that are between the 15th and 85th percentile of BMI. Uh, and this mostly because BMIs that fall on the higher or lower end seem to be, in some way, possibly related to either an earlier or a later onset of pubertal development. The second way that we're looking at nutrition in the study is by examining skeletal bone growth or bone age. Uh, we do that by taking an x-ray of the wrist, uh, and examining the fusion of the growth p-- uh, of the growth plate. So bone age, uh, tends to reflect mostly, uh, estradiol's action in the body but it also a cumulative measure of exposure to nutritional states, uh, any kind of disease factors, and general health. Uh, and for this, we're recruiting children that have a-- on average, they fall between the 90th percentile-- uh, oh, sorry. The 90, 90% confidence interval, uh, to age and sex match controls.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Okay. The next question is a, uh, uh, more of a personal question. Is how do we contact you? We are concerned about our son's mental health. Uh, certainly, I would be happy to speak with you kind of offline. You can reach me either through the number on your screen which is our general recruitment number, 301-496-9576, or you can contact me through the organizers and I'll, I'll be happy to, uh, call you back. Okay. Um, we are waiting for a question.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: [inaudible]. Yes. There are-- someone [crosstalk]--
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Oh, [inaudible] somebody's asking about other clinical trials.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: Right.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Changed font on [inaudible].
>> SHAU-MING WEI: So, um, there are many clinical trials that are currently happening in the National Institutes of Mental Health. And the way of searching if you're interested as a healthy volunteer or, um, or children, um, or patients of any, uh, condition, you can go on clinicaltrials.gov and if you type in the keywords such as healthy volunteers, um, or disease of interest then, um, there should be a list of available protocols for you to then choose from. And we really appreciate any interest in participating in clinical trials because it helps us really further understand how, um, these conditions, um, really change.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Great. Okay. So next question. Can we connect these findings with learning? Um, this, uh, person's 11-year-old son is not that interested in school. Is there hope that maybe he'll be able to put down the video games. So, um, answer to the first part of the question is yes, we hope that, um, those brain regions that we're studying will be a-able to answer a question related to certain types of learning. Uh, and I can-- uh, either my associates could fully address that who are more involved in the brain imaging. But, yes. And we're also monitoring, uh, some, uh, cognitive test performance throughout the study. Um, before I pass that along, as a parent, I think there's always hope that our children will stop playing video games. Now, as a old parent, I've recently taken up playing video games and have children that played video games and they're earning a lot more money than I am right now. So, you know, have hope and have faith in the gene pool. Um, uh, maybe-- a-and so, you know, I think a lot of children go through ups and downs about their interest in academics and, uh, you just hope, I think, that you find-- that they will find something that they love and they want to commit to for, you know, a good part of their life. And, uh, if you have concerns, however, it's time to either talk to your, your, your son's teachers or your, your health care provider. Maybe around the learning--
>> SHAU-MING WEI: And-- well, there's learning and also, at least for our particular study, we, uh, can't really take, um, screen time into consideration because we have, um, different questions that we're answering in this-- our particular study. And that is to really understand how the different hormone profile, uh, changes with brain across puberty. However, there are, um, other studies of development that are really interested at looking at screen time and that includes the ABCD study which is the adolescent brain cognitive development study. And, um, they are-- I kn-- I know they're recruiting participants. So if you're interested, please, go on their website. Um, and I think Dr. Reding-- do you have anything to add to the learning?
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Um, just-- may I in-intervene for just a second? [crosstalk]--
>> KATHERINE REDING:Yes. Please. [inaudible] yeah.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: Sorry.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: --intercepted the pass. Um, there have been some studies suggesting kind of a negative effect of screen time in adolescent development.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: [inaudible].
>> PETER SCHMIDT: But one recent study that came out of, uh, University of Oxford suggested-- and, and carefully monitored screen time in these children and found really no evidence of any impact of long screen time on the child's development and school performance. So I think it still remains controversial, um, but, uh, we'll wait and see. So--
>> KATHERINE REDING: Yeah.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: An answer in evolution.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Mm-hmm.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: So you were going to pursue the question [crosstalk].
>> KATHERINE REDING: Oh, do you want me to field the-- okay. Sorry. I, I think the question also might be tapping into, um, kind of what different networks are changing in the brain at this time. So if we're thinking about learning, we're thinking about attention and circuits that are associated with attentional behavior and intentional processes. Um, video games might be linked to part of the reward processing centers in the brain, uh, and reward-seeking behavior. Um, so I think what the study will be able to tell us, not specifically for your son's behavior but kind of in general for this adolescent pubertal change, is that will we see kind of a change in balance between the rewards seeking networks and those cognitive control networks. And that also goes back to kind of what I mentioned earlier in the beginning, um, of the session is that we actually think those cognitive control regions are developing more slowly. Um, so it's a great question and, hopefully, we'll be able to offer some insight into how puberty might specifically impact these networks.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Okay. Another program note. Uh, it's 2:20 and we're nearly through our time today. So for those of you who are just joining us, we're here today from the National Institute of Mental Health who-- in recognition of, um, Childhood Mental Health Awareness Day. Uh, we're here to answer your questions about puberty and brain development. And I think we have time for a couple more questions. Um, so how does anxiety affect puberty and vice versa? Well, just to start, I think, uh, Dr. Wei had mentioned that it's the current studies that have looked at community-- many children in the community have identified that, at least th-the emergence of sex differences and anxiety where, uh, women will have a two to three-fold increase in the, uh, uh, prevalence of anxiety conditions compared with men. And that these-- the sex difference and prevalence doesn't seem to appear prior to, uh, the onset of the menstrual bleeding or what's called menarche in girls. Uh, there have been studies that have looked at earlier or later puberty. Uh, either called delayed puberty when it's later or precocious puberty, uh, in-- when it's-- when puberty is much earlier, say, prior to eight-years-old. And there does appear to be a statistically significant clustering of anxiety conditions when puberty is early. Again, mainly in girls. But, um, these studies have been small samples and certainly, the causes of early or late puberty may overlap with, uh, other medical conditions that are also associated with anxiety or depressive symptoms. So that na-- the nature of that relationship, there are studies trying to look at this but, again, it's unclear and, uh, certainly there are many children with early puberty or late puberty that have no, um, behavioral abnormalities whatsoever. So no anxiety. Okay. Um, any comments about [inaudible]?
>> SHAU-MING WEI: No [crosstalk].
>> KATHERINE REDING: That's good. [crosstalk].
>> PETER SCHMIDT: --[inaudible] that one was, you know, well answered. So--
>> SHAU-MING WEI: [inaudible].
>> KATHERINE REDING: But actually, the-- I think the second question--
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Okay.
>> KATHERINE REDING:--is a good follow-up.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: [inaudible] in your study, what other aspects of mental health will you measure or expect to see?Dr. Wei
>> SHAU-MING WEI: Okay. So this-- again, this study, we really focus on typically developing children. We really want to understand how physiologic milestones in puberty and, and in concurrence with brain changes, uh, during this time, uh, can be measured because really there has-- there have been no studies before the current one trying to look at the changes between these events. Um, so we-- in our study, we really try to, uh, do questionnaires and have, um, clinical interviews to make sure that these, um, the children in our current study are, uh, typically developing, without any neuropsychiatric illnesses. However, there are instances when, um, these, um, illnesses do develop, um, during the course of the children in the study. And what we usually do is refer them to other studies in the NIMH to further follow these children.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Yes. And certainly, one other, um, um, phenomena that we're trying to study is in some of the girls that we've noticed that the onset of menarche, they've, um, begun to experience some changes in, uh, sadness or irritability. And so we're, we're only able to follow these girls up to age 18 but we're hoping that, related to some of the other studies in the behavioral endocrinology branch, that we may be able to start tracking some of the early onsets of conditions like premenstrual dysphoric disorder or, possibly, the more general conditions related to anxiety or, or sadness and depression. So, um, the question, it's interesting. I thought each of us could answer this as I'm sure there may be individual differences in how surprised we were. So the question is, what's the most surprising learning relative to this study that you've had so far? So, you know, myself, I've been surprised at how girls don't seem to want to tell us when they are having their menstrual period and that we've gone to great lengths and that-- and that are still struggling with that because what we try to do in each of the girls is schedule-- in order to get a, a consistent hormonal state whenever we're doing these studies because, obviously, we're studying the potential effects of hormones on brain. So we want to make sure that that's standardized.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Mm-hmm.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: And we need to schedule the girls during a specific part of their cycle. And unfortunately, they tell Dr. Wei maybe five days after their period has start and that's only after calling them every day. Not all of them but some, and you'll know who you are out there. Um, we, uh, we end up, uh, you know, being jammed to try to schedule, uh, our other procedures in that time. So that's been a little surprising to me. But we're problem-solving on that and we have some phone apps that we're developing. You ready?
>> KATHERINE REDING: Um, I'd like to take the moment to kind of talk about some of the preliminary findings from our study.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Okay.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Um, so, um, there's one type of neuroimaging protocol we use called resting state MI. And in this type of neuroimaging protocol, the kids are laying in the MRI scanner and are asked to just think about anything they want to think about. They're not looking at anything. They're not asleep so their eyes have to stay open. And it's a really difficult scan for kids to do. Um, but the cool thing about the scan is it lets us really probe the brain and probe all the networks that are active in the brain at once. So one of the first things that we found is that in our pre-pubertal sample, just looking at the first visit of, uh, approximately 50 children, we actually were able to see sex differences in these brain networks before any gonadal hormones were online. Uh, and to me, that was surprising because my hypothesis was that the onset of these gonadal hormones would cause the sex differences. But here we're seeing those sex differences before those changes start happening. So thought here is that those changes are maybe resultant of earlier exposures to estrogens. So there is a, uh, time period, uh, during fetal development and right after birth that children actually go through a mini-puberty. So they're exposed to smaller-- well, it's still a large amounts of, uh, estradiol but a short, brief period of time, uh, before the hormonal axis, uh, the reproductive axis kind of shuts down or gets the brakes put on it. So it could be related to that. It could be related to social factors. It could be re-- uh, related to other environmental exposures. But I was really surprised and I think it's a really cool finding. And as we build up our sample size, we'll be able to really say if this-- if, if this finding holds, uh, and, and might be something to add to the literature.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Great. Dr. Wei.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: So it's interesting that, uh, Dr. Reding, uh, thought that was surprising because, um, I-- uh, when looking at some of the other sort of games or tasks that these children are doing including one task that looks at how their reward circuitry develops. We actually didn't find any sex differences, uh, in the reward circuitry prior to the onset of puberty. And I thought that was quite surprising because I think, at least behaviorally, there are some evidence that they do already experience, um, differences in reward processing. And, again, since, uh, there are many psychiatric illnesses that have sex differences that emerge around puberty, so maybe we will then be able to measure some of these when puberty really hits. But I, I thought that was quite interesting that we saw sex differences in some of our paradigms but all of our paradigms prior to the onset of puberty.
>> PETER SCHMIDT: So that-- your comments actually lead to our last question which, unfortunately, we need to end. Um, how many children are you-- do we wish to, uh, recruit for the study. And so, uh, we're looking for a group of approximately 50 boys and 50 girls who started this study at 8 and finished it at age 17. So that's about 10 to 12 visits per child--
>> PETER SCHMIDT: Uh, so it's, like, over 1,400 visits. Obviously, that should be enough to address-- especially with the, the carefulness with which we're describing, um, our pre-pubertal sample as well as some of the, uh, involved measures of, say, reward functioning or other brain circuitry, uh, that, uh, we heard about earlier today. So-- okay. So that's all the time we have today. Um, thank you to everyone who tuned in. And, uh, this was the unscripted part. So-- and somebody keeps moving it. Um, so those who submitted questions, we also thank you. Uh, if we didn't get to your question, we will try to get back to you with-- uh, by email. Uh, the video will be available on the NIMH Facebook page if you want to watch again or share with your friends. Thank you very much for tuning in.
>> SHAU-MING WEI: Thank you.
>> KATHERINE REDING: Thank you.

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The film's working title was Moonlight Bay. The opening credits are superimposed over period photographs. Hollywood Reporter news items reported that from 2 March-March 8, 1951, director Roy Del Ruth was ill with the flu and Raoul Walsh took over directing duties in his absence. Although their appearance has not been confirmed, according to Hollywood Reporter, Rudi Friml, Jr. and the Bob Mitchell Choir appeared in the picture. On Moonlight Bay marked the first feature film acting role of radio singer Jack Smith (1915-2006), popularly known as "Smiling" Jack Smith. The singer made his feature film debut as himself in the 1947 film Make Believe Ballroom.
In a letter to Jack L. Warner dated October 31, 1950, which was included in the file on the film in the MPAA/PCA Collection at the AMPAS Library, PCA head Joseph I. Breen objected to "William's theorizing against the institution of marriage, and for what amounts to a philosophy of free love. Such subjects are of far too serious a nature to be treated in a comedy atmosphere such as this." In the same letter, Breen also objected to the scene in which "Wesley" and "Jim" take "Jim's" father's gun into the barn. Breen wrote, "We feel it will be necessary to substitute some prop other than a gun for the children to be handling in these scenes. The danger of showing adolescents with guns in their hands is only too clear and we are of the firm opinion that such things should be kept off the screen." According to an article in New York Times, the studio explained that the sequence was a classic of American humor and then proposed substituting a blunderbuss for the pistol. The PCA agreed to the substitution, believing that weapon to be less "gangsterish."
On May 5, 1952, Gordon MacRae, Mary Wickes, Eddie Marr and Billy Gray reprised their roles for a radio adaptation of the film on Lux Radio Theatre. Jane Wyman played Doris Day's role, "Marjorie Winfield." Most of the cast members of On Moonlight Bay appeared together again in Warner Bros.' 1953 sequel, By the Light of the Silvery Moon, which was directed by David Butler (see entry above). For a description of other films based on the Penrod stories, see the entry for Penrod and Sam in AFI Catalog of Feature Films, 1931-40.

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that is eager to please. He was born on January 3rd, 2016. His cute personality will melt your heart. He loves to play and run, but when he's done playing, he will find a soft lap to ...
3/4/2016 ~ North Canton, Ohio

domain: pet


The open transportation control system
openTCS is a vendor-independent and flexibly usable control system software for automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) and other non-continuous conveyors like electric monorail conveyors and mobile assembly platforms. It was originally developed during a publicly funded project. Now the code base is being maintained and development continued by Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics (IML) in Dortmund, Germany.
openTCS can serve as a control system for practically arbitrary automated vehicles. Fraunhofer IML gladly offers support with the integration and development of additional required features. Contact data can be found on the contact page.
The control system software is not designed for vehicles or components of any specific vendor. Instead, the intendedly generic nature of the software allows arbitrary vehicles of different types and vendors to be used - even mixed at the same time. openTCS can thus be used as a control system in both newly-built and existing AGVSs and can potentially become the glue connecting technologies of multiple vendors.
free and open-source software (FOSS)
openTCS is free software and can be downloaded from the download page. The source code of the control system software is available under an open-source license, too. As a result, every Java developer could make changes and provide extensions for an AGVS originally installed by another developer. This effectively reduces the user’s investment risk.
The control system is completely Java-based and can thus be run on every operating system for which a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) exists. (This includes MS Windows as well as Linux, Mac OS X, BSD and other Unix derivatives.
Advantages for the plant operator
For the operator, the safety of the investment into the automated guided vehicle system is essential. Safety means - among other things - being able to make nontrivial extensions and changes to the plant in the long term. Examples for such changes are:
Customization of communication protocols when adding new automated guided vehicles with possibly different functionality/attributes than those already in use (e.g. to raise throughput or to process new transportation needs)
Customization of user interfaces for evolving operational procedures in the plant
Customization of host interfaces to attach other systems used in the company
When using proprietary AGVS control systems, in most cases, the operator cannot or does not want to put effort into making these changes himself. Often, he requires support by the system’s original vendor to make them. Systems based on openTCS, on the other hand, can be changed and customized by virtually everybody with sufficient experience in software development on the Java platform.
Advantages for the vehicle vendor
To implement transportation systems, vendors of automated guided vehicles also require a control system software that assumes the coordination of a fleet of vehicles. They either have to develop this software by themselves, which implies a considerable effort, or they have to buy expensive licenses from competitors, which limits the ability for individual changes.
openTCS offers a sensible compromise between these two variants. It allows the vehicle vendor to start on a broad existing code base, at best implementing an automated guided vehicle system without any additional development efforts. At the same time, arbitrary changes to every part of the open system are possible, e.g. to implement customer requirements.
Wikipedia article Automated guided vehicle


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“Beyond the Rice Fields” by Naivo [Why This Book Should Win]
This entry in the Why This Book Should Win series is from reader, reviewer, and BTBA judge P.T. Smith.
Beyond the Rice Fields by Naivo, translated from the French by Allison M. Charette (Madagascar, Restless Books)
Naivo’s Beyond the Rice Fields is the first Malagasy novel ever translated into English. That’s no reason to win the BTBA, but it’s a damn lovely thing, isn’t it? Let’s take a moment and appreciate just what it means for international literature. It’s doing well, seeking out what’s been missed, what countries and cultures are passed over. Yet it also shows the lag. That a book this fantastic, good enough to make the BTBA longlist, is the first to come into English from a country suggests that country probably has other impressive works we’re missing out on, and that other countries, whether anything has landed in English from them or not, also have works it’s unfortunate we’re missing. Not everything can make it to English, obviously, but this type of book is simultaneously encouraging and discouraging.
All of that is well and good, but why should Beyond the Rice Fields? Well, books like this are rare. It’s a book meant for a wide audience, but one that doesn’t sacrifice intelligence or complexity for that audience. Naivo and translator Allison M. Charette tell the history of a changing culture in Madagascar through the intimate lens of two people, a slave, Tsito, and Fara, the daughter of his master. In the early nineteenth century, missionaries and industrials arrive from Europe, from England and France, vying for influence and control of the ruling class and of the people.
As these two grow from children to adults, the world around them changes dramatically. Christianity grows and grows, sometimes in favor with the monarchy, sometimes violently persecuted. Political alliances are uncertain, and that uncertainty is incredibly dangerous. A country once made up of small communities is becoming centrally ruled, with consequences for many. It’s a time when a slave can find his way to freedom, yet remain loyal to his master. Naivo shows the nuances, the excitement, and the terror of all this, without ever being pedantic, without losing the thread of an epic, entertaining story.
Tsito and Fara drive that story. The narrative switches between the two of them, their childhood friendship and play, the closeness that develops as they transition to adulthood, training together for a ritual performance and competition, and the separate paths their lives take. They break and come together again and again. It’s a love story, after all. But Naivo isn’t beholden to the structure of a love story, does not let it become trite. That’s the real impressive move of the book, that as much as it’s historical fiction, a love story, the story of the country boy going to the big city, it’s not just those things. None of those things put demands or limits on the other, and they avoid cliché.
Beyond the Rice Fields deserves to win the BTBA because it’s beautifully written and translated, because it brings to life a landscape and a time period, because it creates complex, engaging, flawed characters, because it lets a reader glimpse history, because the story is intricate, where little pieces, of plot, of character, connect in wonderful ways. It’s a book that readers of varied taste can love.

domain: artistic


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|By Mark Rolnick, Executive Vice President, Head of GreenShield Administration.|
In a world where Ozempic is trending on social media and tops the charts of the most widely discussed drugs, it’s easy to overlook innovation in treatments for chronic conditions that alleviate common suffering. This especially rings true in the newly released 2023 GreenShield Administration Drug Trends Report, which reveals never-been-seen data based on +32 million claims from over two million drug claimants processed by GreenShield Administration this year.
The GreenShield Administration Report goes beyond Ozempic, revealing three therapeutic categories that are likely to have a high impact on private benefit plans in 2023: ADHD, migraines and asthma.
Trend #1: Adult ADHD Claimants Soar to Double Digits
While ADHD is often associated with childhood focus in the classroom, it’s not a disorder that affects children alone. Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is on the rise, with total drug costs associated with ADHD medications growing at double-digit rates since 2019. New findings from the GreenShield Administration Drug Trends Report reveal that this is a trend that is here to stay. In 2022, the number of ADHD claimants grew by 15 per cent, with six of every 100 GreenShield Administration claimants now using ADHD medications. More granularly, ADHD was found to be more prevalent in patients younger than 25 years old, males, and in certain provinces like Quebec and Newfoundland. However, while non-adult claimants show higher ADHD prevalence, the adult cohort has shown a steady and notable growth in prevalence.
While ADHD is treated through a combination of approaches, including behavioural therapy, social skills training, and pharmacotherapy, several new therapeutics are offered to help support those struggling with its symptoms. Pharmacotherapeutics including lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyvanse) and methylphenidate (Concerta) are often the most frequently prescribed – all which are accounted for by the rise in ADHD drug claims.
Trend #2: Sweet Relief for Migraines
Headaches and migraines are not a new ailment, however new treatments and therapeutics continue to emerge to not only tackle this debilitating ailment but help prevent it. Traditionally, migraines have been treated with pain relievers, such as triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and even opioids. However, more recently, a new category of biologic drug treatments, called anti-CGRPs (calcitonin gene-related peptide), such as Aimovig, Ajovy, and Emgality have been approved. These medications are designed to prevent migraines by targeting CGRP, a protein involved in generating the head pain associated with migraines. The GreenShield Administration Drug Trends Report suggests a growth in appetite for these new preventative measures, citing a 28.2 per cent annualized growth rate between 2018 and 2022. With many seeing success from this new innovation in migraine care, these new biologic treatments have increased existing migraine patients’ overall drug cost by 132 per cent over the last three years.
Trend #3: A Rise in Claimants for Asthma and COPD
According to the 2023 GreenShield Administration Drug Trends Report, medications primarily used for asthma and COPD were claimed by 16 per cent, or 382,000 of claimants in 2022. Interestingly enough, and similar to migraines, biologic medications are now being prescribed to treat asthma. As a result, GreenShield reports the number of claimants using biologic medications to manage severe asthma experienced a 13.5 per cent annualized growth rate between 2018 and 2022.
GreenShield Champions Better Health for All
The 2023 GreenShield Administration Drug Trends Report underscores GreenShield’s commitment to closely monitor emerging trends in the drug landscape, and proactively innovate and adapt its offerings. In fact, GreenShield is the only organization in Canada operating as an integrated payer-provider — offering insurance, administering benefits, and paying claims as a ‘payer’ while offering health services such as mental health, pharmacy, and medical services as a ‘provider.’ Integrating both sides of the payer-provider equation simplifies access to care, removes administrative barriers, and improves health outcomes for its customers. This unique ability to offer a full end-to-end suite of integrated health and benefits technology and services, allow customers of all sizes to seamlessly access new therapies that address drug trends and therapies old and new.
What’s more is that as a not-for-profit health and benefits company, GreenShield reinvests its earnings and redeploys services to support underserved Canadian communities via its social impact brand, GreenShield Cares. The company’s overarching goal is to generate $75 million of social impact investments to improve the lives of at least 1 million Canadians by 2025, with a focus on mental health, oral health, and essential medicines.
To access the full 2023 GreenShield Drug Trends Report click here. To learn more about GreenShield’s mission to provide better health for all, please visit https://www.greenshield.ca/en-ca/administration.


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The Hawaiian Print Two Piece Set is a trendy and vibrant ensemble that captures the essence of the Hawaiian islands in a fashion-forward style. This two-piece set features a top and bottom adorned with beautiful Hawaiian-inspired prints, making it a perfect choice for beach vacations, tropical getaways, or any occasion where you want to embrace a fun and lively look.
- Hawaiian-Inspired Prints: The Hawaiian Print Two Piece Set showcases captivating prints inspired by the beauty and culture of the Hawaiian islands, featuring vibrant colors and tropical motifs that evoke the spirit of a tropical paradise.
- Two-Piece Ensemble: This set includes both a top and a bottom, offering a coordinated and fashionable look that can be worn together for a complete outfit or mixed and matched with other pieces for versatile styling options.
- Flattering Silhouette: The pieces in this set are designed to flatter your figure with their well-tailored cuts and strategic placement of the prints, providing a confident and stylish fit.
- High-Quality Material: Crafted from high-quality and breathable fabric, this two-piece set ensures a comfortable and secure fit that withstands sun, sand, and saltwater during your beach adventures.
- Comfortable and Trendy: The set is designed with both comfort and trendiness in mind, offering features like adjustable straps, elastic waistbands, or tie closures for a chic and comfortable look.
- Perfect for Beach and Vacation: The Hawaiian Print Two Piece Set is ideal for beach vacations, tropical getaways, poolside lounging, or any water-related activity where you want to embrace a fun and lively style.
- Confidence-Boosting Ensemble: The Hawaiian-inspired prints and flattering fit of the two-piece set work together to boost your confidence, making you feel like a true fashionista ready to embrace the carefree and joyful spirit of summer.


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Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Welcome Second Child
Kate Middleton Welcomes Baby Girl
Million Dollar Stare-Down: Mayweather vs. Pacquiao
Baltimore Demonstrators Hopeful After 6 Officers Charged in Freddie Gray's Death
Why a Georgia Mom Had Her 10-Year-Old Son 'Arrested'
Drama Builds Ahead of Mayweather-Pacquiao 'Fight of the Century'
New Royal Baby's Arrival Excites
Obama's New Policy List Rhymes With 'Bucket List'
Six Officers Connected to Freddie Gray's Death Face Criminal Charges
Bruce Jenner Sued Over Fatal Car Crash
Bruce Jenner: 'I'm a Woman'
Prince William Very Involved in Children's Lives
Baltimore Officers Face Charges in Death of Freddie Gray
Kate Middleton Gives Birth to Baby Girl
Widow of 'American Sniper' Chris Kyle Talks About Life Without Her Husband

domain: celebrity


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Antioch Community High School
From the East: Interstate 94 or Rt. 41 to Rt. 173 West to Rt. 83. Turn North (right) on Rt. 83. Go one block to Chestnut. Turn right on Chestnut. From the South: Rt. 59 North to Rt. 173. Turn East (right) on Rt. 173. Go to Rt. 83 (the next stoplight) and turn North (left). Go one block to Chestnut. Turn right on Chestnut. Baseball and Football, all levels play at the school. Tennis plays at three courts – please check with Antioch Athletics for directions to appropriate courts. Softball, all levels, plays at Lake Villa Township Fields located at 1625 and Deep Lake Road. Take I-94 North to Rt. 132 West to Deep Lake Rd., North (right) on Deep Lake to Township Center. Soccer Thompson School (Frosh/Soph boys, Frosh girls) is located at 515 Thompson Lane, Lake Villa. Take Cedar Lake Road ~1/2 mile south of Route 132. Turn west on Thompson Lane. The school is located on the corner of Thompson and Cedar Lake Roads. Millburn School (JV boys, JV girls) is located at 18550 W. Millburn Rd, west of Hunt Club Road and east of Rt. 45. Serbian Brothers (Varsity) is located at 19697 W. Grand Ave (Rt. 132) in Lindenhurst. The complex is approximately one half mile west of Route 45 on the south side of Rt. 132. Golf Courses Hunter Golf Course: Rt. 41 N to Rt. 173, West on 173 approx. 7 miles from Antioch HS. Course is on the left side of the road just before Richmond. Spring Valley Golf Course: Rt. 41 North to Rt. 173, west on 173 to Rt. 83, North on 83 to course. Parks Fox River Park: I-94 North into Wisconsin, West on Rt. 50, pass Rt. 83. Left on B, right on F. Park is on the left.
(847) 395-1421 x 240

domain: geography


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Butterfly Fairy Wings - Dress Up - Canvas Butterfly Wing Costume
Our kids fairy wings are the stuff of dreams, rainbows, and imaginative play! The unique ombre watercolor design gives them a magical quality that is perfect for fairy dress up.
These ombre fairy wings are a fun, non toxic toy for fairy toddlers and children alike. You'll be the envy of the enchanted forest! Foster imaginative play with fairy dress up using our open ended toys for toddlers and children. Goes well with any Waldorf toy collection or Montessori inspired toy chest.
- Size - one size fits all
- Shoulder straps are adjustable to grow with your child
- Made of durable 100% cotton canvas
- Perfect Halloween costume or for gifting to children
- Open-ended toy that sparks imaginative play
- Wrist straps allow for movement during play
- Heirloom quality for everyday wear
- Made in the USA
- Not intended for children under 3.
About Jack Be Nimble:
Jack Be Nimble was born out of a search to find high quality dress up costumes that pushed the boundaries of the typical princess/superhero narrative, while focusing on independent, nature-based play. Their vision is to create unique, whimsical designs in which childhoods are spent, and that are passed along to future generations and imaginations.
They value producing high-quality dress up costumes that are meant to be lived in.Each and every one of our eco friendly toys has been carefully thought out and constructed in order to inspire children to be independent, creative and foster natural development through play.

domain: entertainment


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domain: game


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Thursday • February 23, 2012
Just what makes a classic ski town? It starts, naturally, with skiing and snowboarding so good they attract people like youth-bestowing fountains. Then add an inviting mountain burg steeped in ski heritage, amenities, and culture. These are the 25 best. For insider tips, we asked local luminaries where to stay, play, and party, whether you're on a budget or indulging.
Fernie, British Columbia, Canada
Photograph by Ryan Creary, Corbis
Best For: Adventurous skiers with a hunger for the steep and deep
Though it serves up some of the most spectacular terrain and best snow in all ofCanada, this historic mining hamlet of 4,217 people tucked into the far southeastern corner of British Columbia still somehow flies below the greater ski-scene radar.


Mahindra Company has successfully registered its vehicles in all the range of commercial and personal vehicles, Mahindra & Mahindra company’s transportation section is famous in India with the name Mahindra and is known as a leading name in terms of luxury SUV’s, trucks in the range middle and heavy weight and also tractors. Mahindra’s great success across the world establishes the company as the top manufacturer of tractors worldwide. Mahindra has its headquarter in the economical capital of India know as Mumbai and the company is offering a great set of advancement in the range of commercial vehicles under the tag of “Make In India”. Mahindra Champion Load comes as the market as the option of mini and middleweight loading vehicles, soon it has emerged as the most favored loader in the series of loaders with reasonable price and the trust of Mahindra.
The Mahindra Champion Loader is for the small based business and transportation worker, keeping that in mind Mahindra labeled the loader with the price tag of INR 2.7 lakhs. The price of Mahindra Champion Loader may differ in different regions of India.
The revolutionizing entry in the loaders category, Mahindra Champion load is a bundle of added features that commands more comfort and efficient journey for the drivers, the three-wheeler loader comes with 40% bigger cargo box. The bigger cargo box offers series of loading option and abundant space to carry products as the vegetable, fruits, and intra-city transportation at ease. The Loader offers GVW of 1.35 tons and the wheelbase option available is 2050, the only body option available with all these features is the Deck Body option. The 510cc engine of Mahindra champion is capable of churning 7.5bhp of power. For a comfortable night journey, Champion comes with brighter lights than usually fitted lights. Champion comes with the range of new admission in the range of loaders as it offers shorter gear level for easy shifting option, heavy duty jack and wheel spanner. All these features and comforting accessories with Mahindra’s assurance and trust surely act as the best investment choice with 100% profitable returns.
|Dimensions & Weight|
|No of Seating Rows|
|Fuel Tank Capacity|
|Engine & Transmission|
|Engine Type||Single Cylinder, 4-Stroke , S.I Engine|
|Alternate Fuel||Diesel, CNG|
|Max Power (bhp@rpm)||7.5bhp @ 3000rpm|
|Max Torque (Nm@rpm)||2.9Nm @ 1800 to 2400rpm|
|No of gears|
|Manual Shifting for Automatic||No|
|Engine Start-Stop Function||No|
|Suspensions, Brakes & Steering|
|Suspension Front||IFS with McPherson Stryt|
|Suspension Rear||Leaf Spring with Telescopic shock absorber|
|Front Brake Type||Air Brake|
|Rear Brake Type|
|Minimum Turning Radius|
|Steering Type||Power Steering|
|Wheels & Tyres|
|Front Tyres||4.5 X 10 , 8PR|
|Rear Tyres||4.5 X 10 , 8PR|


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Breast Cancer/Lung Cancer Memorial Tattoo
Beautiful Angle on my shoulder in honor of my Gram who passed from lung cancer...
Cancer ribbon Tattoo #ink #eighthempiretattoos
One side blue, the other side pink. Miscarriage and infant loss ribbon in middle.
Black and Grey Guitar With Music Notes Tattoo By Russell Fortier at Lucky 7 Tattoo-Tahoe
My hope for the cure tattoo to remember my aunt and grandmother who both past of cancers... Pink for Breast cancer and clear for lung cancer rip ❤
Think it will look more like this
Pin for Later: 30 Tiny, Chic Wrist Tattoos That Are Better Than a Bracelet When You Need Direction
Would want it small & maybe on my wrist
Plan on getting a bracelet tattoo October 3, 2012. Getting the bracelet from my best friend :-) Very special

domain: design


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From last few weeks, I was wondering that how many forts are there in Maharashtra as I had heard so many names. A bit of Google search to count the number left me surprised. In our entire country (India), there are close to 525 forts out of which 266 forts are in Maharashtra itself. Does this indicate something? Yes, there is so much to explore in the state. One such fort to explore is the Torna Fort trek located near to Pune/Mumbai.
Torna Fort Trek
From last 3 years, I have been regularly exploring places near Pune and still, I am nowhere close to even one-fourth of them being explored. And that’s the reason I love the city and the state so much. So much to explore!!!
Out of numerous one/two-day trips that I have done in the state, Torna fort trek was one amongst my favorite. And taking a bath at Madhe Ghat Waterfall added more joy to the two-day trip.
On route to Torna Fort Base Village
How to reach Torna Fort base and Madhe Ghat Waterfall
The cheapest way to reach Torna Fort is via railways and roadways. Torna fort is around 210 kms from Mumbai and 50 kms from Pune. Mumbai and Pune are well connected to other parts of the country by railways and roadways.
From Mumbai, one can catch a train or a bus to Pune. From Swargate bus stand(Pune), catch a state transport bus taking route ‘Swargate – Velhe – Ghisar’ and get down at Velhe which is near to the base of Torna fort. It takes around 2 hours to reach the same. For train bookings visit IRCTC and for bus bookings, you can check out MSRTC.
From Torna Fort, Madhe Ghat is around 15 kms. But sadly there is no public transport available. I would suggest you rent a bike from Pune (around 300 INR/per day) to explore these two places.
How to reach Torna Fort and Madhe Ghat from Mumbai -Pune
Torna Fort Trek
Also known as Prachandagad, Torna Fort is highest hill Fort in Pune district standing at an elevation of 1,403 meters. It is a popular destination for trekkers, especially in monsoon and post-monsoon season.
A villager near Velhe
I along with my roommate started for Torna from Pune around 2:00 PM. There are mainly 2 routes to reach Torna, one through the villages (Khadakwasla –Sinhagad – Ranjane—Pabe Ghat – Velhe) and other via Pune Bangalore National Highway. We took the village route, as I knew it would be exciting and full of surprises.
The two routes to reach Torna from Pune
Our decision to take the village route was justified by what we witnessed on the route. Lush green valleys, breathtaking landscapes, numerous waterfalls and beautiful lakes throughout the route made the journey so much delightful.
My friend Sugandh Mishra
It took us nearly 2 ½ hours to reach Torna base due to the various stops we took, in order to click pictures of the breathtaking landscapes all along the way. From the base village Velhe, a cement road leads to the parking for Torna Fort (3 kms).
Breathtaking views on route to Torna Fort base
Staircase as seen on Torna Fort trek
After having few snacks at the base, we started with our trek. By that time, trekkers had already started descending and they were surprised to see us ascending. Our plan was to stay overnight at the fort, unknowing of the stay options. But as a precautionary measure, we carried a sleeping bag, a tent and some eatables with us.
The tent that I carry during the treks is Quechua Arpenaz 2 Tent. It has enough space for 2 people.
So much foggy conditions
The way to the top is moderate to difficult. As we were doing this trek in the monsoon, special precautions were needed due to loose rocks and slippery terrain. Also one needs to be careful in order to avoid some overlapping foot trails, which could lead you into some forests nearby.
Valley view Torna fort trek
Torna trek route as seen from Top
The initial portion of the trek was easy consisting of flat to gentle climb, till we reached the ridge section. From here the climb ahead was a bit tougher due to the two rock patches which are quite slippery.
Beautiful landscapes as seen from Torna Fort trek
Also, the conditions were quite misty. But the overall beauty you witness all along the trail is worth making an effort. The high-speed wind acts an added advantage that keeps you refreshed.
Torna Fort trek trail
Torna fort trek route
Just after the end of the first rock patch, there is a 40 feet waterfall. Do drench yourself under it!! After trekking through the second rock patch, we finally reached the entrance of the fort “Bini Darwaja”. It took us around 1.5 hours from the base to reach the entrance.
Out of words to describe this view
Zunjar machi Torna Fort
On the fort, one can see various places like Menghai Goddess temple, Budhala Machi, Konkan Darwaja, Zunjar Machi, and Bini Darwaja. But exploring the Torna Fort in monsoon season is difficult due to excessive misty conditions that remain the same for the entire day.
Railings to support climb
Small pond at Torna Fort top
Note: The Mobile network is extremely poor at the top. A phone may randomly pick up a signal which would just last for a few minutes.
Beautiful landscapes in the backdrop
Stay options at Torna Fort
The trekkers descending told us that we can stay in the Menghai Devi Temple. We had a tent with us but the high-speed winds wouldn’t have allowed us to put the same. The temple can accommodate around 20- 30 people. In our case, we were the only two trekkers out there along with few locals. Remember to carry a lot of insulating material as it gets treacherously cold at night.
Our sleeping arrangement in the Temple
Food options at Torna Fort
At the base of the climb, you can have something to eat at the local shops. Also, remember to carry a few eatables along with you.
At the top, in the Menghai Goddess temple, you may find few locals. They generally stay here over the weekends, in order to serve the trekkers and earn money for their livelihood. For us, an old lady made a delicious dinner and morning breakfast. We were so delighted by the taste of the food and her services, that we gave her few extra bucks.
Old lady cooking dinner for us
We started our descent next morning around 7 am and reached the base in an hour where our bike was parked. Madhe Ghat waterfall is about half an hour drive from Torna base.
Madhe Ghat Waterfall
The route from Velhe village to the Madhe Ghat is quite scenic. At the start, you come across beautiful Gunjvane Dam to your right. Then the route passes through dense jungles and numerous waterfalls with lush green mountains in the backdrop.
The last one km stretch before the Madhe Ghat waterfalls is in very bad condition, so it’s better to walk to reach the waterfall. After this walk, you come across a flat land which is the top of the fall and you can walk right onto the edge from where the fall begins and drops almost 400 feet into the Shivthar River in Konkan.
In route to Madhe Ghat Waterfall
You can also climb down to the bottom of the fall through a ravine into the valley. It’s a tough ravine to traverse and would recommend keeping kids away from this. The feeling to take a bath in the waterfall cannot be described in words.
Madhe Ghat Waterfall
Madhe Ghat Waterall
This two-day weekend gateway was one of the best journeys of my life. From mountains to forts, valleys to jungles, lakes to waterfalls, I saw almost everything 🙂 Staying at top of a mountain for a night was a lifetime experience.
Do follow me on Instagram as I am regularly posting travel posts and stories over there. Also, you can message me on Instagram if you want to join me on my next trip.
Are you looking for some essential travel gear? Check out my post on What’s in my Backpack.
Looking for more weekend gateway options near Pune? Check out these blog posts:
- A cycle trip to Lavasa city from Pune (INR 100)
- Andharban jungle and Devkund Waterfall Trek – Time to get lost in the dense forest
- Satara – A road trip to the Maharashtra’s Valley of Flowers from Pune (INR 800)
- Tikona Fort Trek and Pawna Lake – One day trip near Pune (INR 250)
- Matheran – Asia’s only automobile free hill station
- Daman – A Glimpse of Portugal Heritage
- A road trip to Harihareshwar, Shrivardhan and Diveagar Beach from Pune (INR 1200)
- Kalsubai Peak – Trek to the highest peak of Maharashtra (INR 600)
- Korigad Fort Trek – Exciting one day trek near Pune Mumbai (INR 300)
- Bendewadi, Laalwadi and Jagtap waterfalls – Go get lost in the land of waterfalls!! (INR 300)
- Experience the sunrise from Lohagad Fort near Pune/Mumbai (INR 150)
- Visapur Fort Trek – Thrilling one day trek near Pune Mumbai (INR 200)
- Rajmachi Fort Trek, adventurous one day trip near Mumbai and Pune (INR 350)
- 12-hours monsoon road trip exploring Tamhini Ghat (INR 300)
- An exciting road trip to Purandar Fort from Pune (INR 300)
- Tung Fort Trek – A journey through the clouds (INR 250)
- Garbett Point Trek – An exciting one day trek near Mumbai (INR 350)
Hope you have enjoyed reading this blog post. To get regular updates on upcoming budget blog posts from On a Cheap Trip, please subscribe by entering your name and E-mail address in the Newsletter below. You can follow me on Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest as well as on Twitter.
Amazing blog Abhishek bhai
Madheghat waterfall is really awesome place near Pune.
I visit this place so many time with my friends for night stay.
There is only one hotel named as ‘Giriraj Hotel’. They provide tasty Veg & Non-Veg food which is made on traditional chul.
‘www.madheghat.com’ on this website there contact details are mentioned. So we can give them advance order.
Such a nice place.. must go there.
Thank you brother 🙂
Thanks a lot bhai 🙂
fantastic post of your journey thanks for sharing
Thanks for reading!!!


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Discover more from studio processing
little promises in my calendar
Things have been shifting and shaping for me in different and exciting and sometimes confusing ways. Some of my consistency practices have lapsed and I’m working to realign, to start again, to be okay with it all and enjoy the process, even when it’s winding and long and frustrating.
I spent more time watching somebody somewhere on HBO than I meant to this weekend, which means I didn’t organize my home studio space, which means that I’m still feeling blocked by the chaos in the corner. Looking at the mess of my art supplies made me wonder what else is blocking me from getting where I want to be, to a place that feels just slightly out of reach.
How do I refocus when I’m feeling frayed?
I don’t have an answer, but I do have a place to begin - a focusing of my time and a setting of my schedule. A time to swim, a time to clean, a time to sit and write these words to you, a time to work on a new offering I’ve been dreaming up for this newsletter, a time to write a cover letter so I can keep working toward my therapy practice. If I don’t set it in my calendar, my attention turns wayside, so I’m filling up my days with my tiny tasks, little promises to myself. I deserve it.
May we all start again when we need to, and be easy on ourselves in our process.
I’ve been mostly off social media lately, so I’ll be sharing more here each week :)
I’ve been reading Atomic Habits and am very curious about this book. We’re going to see You Hurt My Feelings at BAM this week and I’ve been swimming laps at the local YMCA. In the mornings, I’ve been making cold press juices and snacking on blueberry lemon scones. My favorite tank top is finally back in olive and I’ve been eyeing some cute vintage on Noihsaf.
A PRACTICE IN LISTS
With all my interests and a craving for learning new things that I can never seem to quench, my to-do lists are long and winding and I fear my wish to do so much is causing me to lose ground in them all. So in hopes of making everything a little more in reach, I’m paring down and organizing my lists. Recently, I sat down and wrote it all out on paper: a list for summer (before it slips away) split into work goals and personal ventures. In an attempt to embrace routine, some goals are repetitive in nature and all will be slotted into my calendar, tiny daily promises to myself.
Here’s my list for summertime fun while I’m in the city -
at least three lazy beach days
sew lots of pillows for my new daybed
one fort greene park picnic every week
lap swims three days a week
lots of movie dates at BAM
spend one afternoon hiking upstate
What’s on your list for the summer season?
I’m working to create a more regimented and scheduled space here each week and am excited to announce a new offering for paid members in the next couple of weeks, stay tuned :) and thanks for being here through it all xo

domain: hobby


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September 17, 2013
CFTC Certifies Futures Contracts on the CES China 120 Index and the HSI Volatility Index Submitted by Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited (HKFE)
Contracts May be Offered to U.S. Persons Effective September 17, 2013
Washington, DC — The Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s (CFTC) Division of Market Oversight issued a letter advising the Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited (HKFE) that its CES China 120 Index futures contract and its HSI Volatility Index futures contract submitted for review on August 2, 2013 are deemed certified.
The contracts satisfy the requirements of the Commodity Exchange Act and the Commission’s Regulations and may be offered or sold to persons in the U.S. beginning September 17, 2013.
Last Updated: September 17, 2013


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Clean Clothes, Clean You: Dual Function Shower Enclosures by Vismaravetro
This may be a little far off the mark in terms of sustainable design, especially when we’re honest about our modern need for cleanliness, which has ballooned to a new level of sterile paranoia. The shower as a basic concept, wastes a huge amount of water, although the development of low-flow shower heads is helping some with that issue. Modern shower materials, such as glass and aluminum have a high level of embodied energy although both materials can be recycled, but are often not. The Vismaravetro dual function shower enclosure may not be sustainable, but it is efficient in its use of space, which in many cities is a valuable resource in itself.
Vismaravetro dual function shower enclosure.
Vismaravetro is an Italian company that creates a line of modern, “wellness” driven shower enclosures that are designed to create a sense of peace and harmony on a daily basis. Every collection has a slightly different feel, but each has clean lines with a specific attention to ergonomic functionality. Their newest creation allows for the combination of other monotonous daily activities into the same luxurious space.
In conjunction with Centro Progetti Vismara, Idelfonso Colombo and Daniele Di Vito, have envisioned a compact shower and laundry room design. The designers asked the question, “Can the shower enclosure be useful beyond its specific purpose?” They designers analyzed daily routines, focusing on cleanliness of both person and clothing, which resulted in the linking of chores to create a dynamic harmony. The result is a multifunctional system of household appliances that encourages the intermingling of different objects and activities within the same space. Everything from a place for linen, bath products, appliances, detergents, etc can have a home next to this elegant shower.
via Architectural Products Magazine, Sept. 2010


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The budget days of winter are upon us, a dreaded time for many municipal employees and officials, not to mention members of the local press who are forced to try to make sense out of complicated numbers and tax rates for their readers. Nonetheless, it is an extremely important time that affords residents the opportunity to examine local expenditures for municipal and school operations, ask questions, and get a better understanding of where their property tax dollars a re being spent. In recent years of overall prosperity, there have been few controversial budgetary issues facing the Somerset Hills communities. As usual, taxes have edged increasingly upwards, but few have come out to publicly challenge those responsible for assembling the spending plans.
This year could be different. For various reasons, including past errors and construction projects whose tabs are coming due, taxes in some local towns are expected to increase more dramatically this year.
Bernards Township residents in particular will be socked with sizable increases due to increased debt payments for recent school construction projects.
A long overdue revaluation in Far Hills will change assessments and tax rates in that tiny borough. While the process won't necessarily increase borough taxes, there could be some confusion due to the changes.
Bernardsville and other members of the Somerset Hills Regional School district will probably see a tax hike that was partially due to an oversight last year when too little tax dollars were collected for school operations. This comes at a time when officials are examining options for expanding the schools to meet projected enrollment increases.
Bedminster school officials haven't finalized their school budget yet but are grappling with questions related to increasing costs and limits on spending imposed by the state.
On Monday we learned that there will be school board races in Bernardsville and Bernards Township, the first time in many years both districts have had sizable fields of candidates for the spring election.
Finances will no doubt be on the minds of some candidates. As the economy slows, people tend to look at municipal spending more closely.
We imagine the next few weeks are going to be rather interesting.

domain: politics


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On March 11, 2015 Sea Shepherd founder and reality TV star of Animal Planet’s Whale Wars, Paul Watson, announced that Sea Shepherd Legal (SSL) will make a presentation at an April 27 hearing in Seattle, Washington. The hearing is being hosted by the National Marine Fisheries Service to follow-up on its February release of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) addressing a request by the Makah Tribe to exercise their treaty-reserved right to hunt whales. A second hearing will be held April 29 in Port Angeles, Washington. Paul Watson declared that “permission [to hunt] should not be granted” and claimed that “SSL is also exploring legal avenues of opposition to this proposal.”
The Makah Tribe has hunted whales along the shores of the northwest Olympic Peninsula for at least 1,500 years. In the 1855 Treaty of Neah Bay, the tribe ceded 90% (some 300,000 acres) of their land to the United States, receiving assurance that their hunting and fishing rights would be secured. Treaties with Indian Nations are the “supreme Law of the Land” under the U.S. Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court has described the federal government’s role in upholding treaties as “moral obligations of the highest trust and responsibility.”
Makah efforts to revive whaling have been part of a larger struggle by tribes across the country to exercise treaty-reserved fishing, water and resource rights. The Makah ceased whaling by the 1930s after industrial whalers decimated gray and humpback whales hunted by the tribe. The tribe resumed efforts to hunt after the gray whale was removed from the endangered species list in 1994. In 1999 tribal whalers successfully hunted a gray whale, bringing Native and non-Native people from around the country to Neah Bay to celebrate. In 2004 in Anderson v. Evans the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals imposed the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) on the Makah Tribe. This ruling required the tribe to obtain a federal permit to hunt where they had always hunted. Though the decision violated the Treaty of Neah Bay, the court made clear that it had not abrogated the treaty. The NMFS hearings are being conducted under the requirements of this anti-tribal ruling.
Paul Watson’s March 11 announcement signals the coming revival of an organized opposition to Makah treaty rights that began in 1995 and continued through the 1999 hunt and beyond. Across this period a loose coalition of animal rights groups and whale watching companies have worked to block the Makah from exercising their treaty-reserved rights.
From the beginning some opponents of Makah whaling engaged in behavior and used rhetoric that can contribute to anti-Indian bigotry and undermine the legitimacy of treaty rights. Some spread misinformation about treaty rights, as when the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society falsely claimed in 2005 that the Treaty of Neah Bay had been abrogated. Sea Shepherd echoed the rhetoric of the organized anti-Indian movement, declaring erroneously that upholding Makah treaty rights would be “tantamount to extra special rights for a group of people based on race and/or culture.” Anti-Indian activists use this same language in their quest to terminate tribal governments and abrogate all treaties. Sea Shepherd, Project Seawolf, Australians for Animals and other groups allied their cause with then-U.S. Representative Jack Metcalf (R-WA). Metcalf (now deceased) was a leader in the anti-Indian movement who maintained a firm foot in the politics of organized white supremacy. Anti-Makah groups have lobbied, litigated and engaged in direct action, including harassing Makah whalers and the tribal community.
These organizations’ efforts to abrogate the Treaty of Neah Bay are racist to their core, seeking to violate a federally-protected tribal right through a campaign spewing misinformation and mean-spirited bigotry. This anti-tribal campaign is also wrong-headed for those committed to ecological restoration. The Makah are not now and have never been a threat to the gray whale population. Tribal struggles to exercise sovereignty and defend treaty rights are at the heart of efforts to stop coal trains and coal terminals, halt the Keystone XL pipeline, and restore salmon habitat and water quality. This anti-Makah mobilization threatens the treaty rights of all tribes and could drive a wedge between communities that need each other to gain genuine environmental and social justice.
In an upcoming analysis, the Institute for Research and Education on Human Rights will examine the anti-Makah coalition’s racist efforts to tear up the 1855 Treaty of Neah Bay. The Institute will describe this movement’s misinformation about treaty rights and expressions of bigotry by movement leaders and members of the public. IREHR will also describe strategies and tactics that can be expected as anti-Makah fervor heats up once again.
In the meantime, the Institute offers two articles written by the Coalition for Human Dignity in 1998 as the anti-Makah campaign emerged in full force. These pieces describe the movement’s racist rhetoric, misinformation and alliances with the far right. These articles are offered in the spirit of solidarity with indigenous peoples seeking to exercise their treaty-reserved rights, defend their resources and determine their own destinies. By standing solidly together, we can turn back bigotry and organize for real and just solutions to our many common concerns.
For more on the April 27 and April 29 hearings see the NOAA website.

domain: law