Systems and methods for internal and external error detection in sensor output interfaces
Integrated circuit systems, such as sensor systems, having on-board-diagnostic (OBD) circuits for the detection of errors presenting internal to the systems are disclosed, along with related methods. In one embodiment, an ADC multiplexer receives analog output readback from an output driver and provides a signal triggering an OBD circuit for internal error indication performed completely independent of digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and output drivers, which can be the point of failure.
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Embodiments relate generally to sensor output interfaces and more particularly to sensor output interfaces implementing On-Board-Diagnostic (OBD) circuits to detect errors or failures both external and internal to the sensor by using analog output readback techniques.BACKGROUND
Sensors and sensor systems implemented in integrated circuits (ICs) often have analog output interfaces for communicating sensor signals to other system components, such as an electronic control unit (ECU) or other device in, e.g., automotive applications. Analog output interfaces often comprise digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and output drivers such that the output voltage from the driver is communicated external to the device via a conductor. In the event of a line interruption in the external conductor, for example, a break in the conductor itself, the output could be floating or other undesirable or even damaging errors can occur. Thus, on-board diagnostic (OBD) components can be implemented in the sensor systems to detect external line interruptions like this.
In one configuration, two OBD circuits are provided within an IC. The first OBD circuit is coupled between the output of the analog output interface and the terminal for supply potential VDD, and the second OBD circuit is coupled between the output and the terminal for a negative supply potential or reference-ground potential GND. The OBD circuit essentially is a switch, comprising, e.g., a depletion transistor, and is normally open when the IC is operating correctly. In the event of an external fault, such as a line interruption that causes the IC to lose power, the OBD circuit closes and forms a short circuit such that the output signal is pulled towards VDD or GND to indicate an error.
Conventional sensors commonly provide diagnostics by defining OBD diagnostic output values or clamping ranges such that the operating range of the analog output is reduced, for example, to 10% to 90% VDD. This disadvantageously limits the external output signal level. Additionally, certain safety requirements, for example, Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) standards, provide for diagnostics of internal functionalities. In order to fulfill these requirements, it is typical to define expanded diagnostic output values or clamping ranges so that the operating range of the analog output is further reduced, for example, 20% to 80% VDD, resulting in a more reduced output signal level which can be a significant disadvantage. Another disadvantage is that if a failure occurs internal to the analog output interface itself, possibly due to failure of the DAC or output driver, the diagnostic output value or clamping range is no longer transmitted. This also can significantly reduce the diagnostic coverage since the output stage often needs a significant chip area in order to provide safety diagnostics for all or at least critical ones of the IC components.
In many applications, there is a general need for a sensor that is able to detect errors internal, as well as external, to the sensor. A drawback of some conventional approaches, then, is the limiting of the remaining signal level. A further drawback of conventional approaches is the dependence on the DAC and output driver such that failure in the DAC or output driver results in the non-transmission of the clamping range. A further disadvantage in conventional sensors that provide internal detection error is the number of additional components needed to provide diagnostic capabilities, thus increasing the size, cost, and complexity of the circuit.SUMMARY
Embodiments relate to integrated circuit systems and methods comprising on-board-diagnostic circuits for detecting errors occurring within or external to the systems.
In an embodiment, an integrated circuit system comprises at least one on-board diagnostic circuit; an output driver providing a system output signal; and a control unit coupled to the at least one on-board diagnostic circuit and configured to compare the system output signal with a value and to provide an error output signal via the at least one on-board diagnostic circuit when the comparison indicates an error.
In an embodiment, a method of detecting errors internal to an integrated circuit system comprises providing an output signal of the system to an internal control circuit of the system; comparing the output signal to a value; and providing an error signal indicative of an error internal to the system via an on-board-diagnostic circuit if the comparing deviates from the value by a predefined limit.
The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments relate to integrated circuit systems and methods, such as sensor systems, comprising on-board-diagnostic (OBD) circuits used in the detection of errors presenting internal to the system. For example, in one embodiment, OBD circuits can be used in detection of errors occurring within an output driver portion of the system. In one embodiment, an ADC multiplexer receives analog output signal of the system, digitizes the analog signal, and provides the digitized signal to a control circuit. The control circuit compares the digitized signal with a value, such as an expected output signal, range of signals or some other value, and provides a signal to an OBD circuit if an error is detected. Within the OBD circuit, a charge pump is deactivated which closes an OBD switch to provide, at the output of the system, a diagnostic output indicative of an error. This error indication can be carried out independently of digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and output drivers, which can be points of failure within the system. Thus, errors within these and other internal system components and operations can be detected and communicated external to the system via one or more OBD circuits.
In an embodiment, an integrated circuit (IC) system, such as a sensor system, can comprise at least one OBD circuit, each OBD circuit comprising a charge pump and a switch. In embodiments, the switch comprises a transistor, such as a depletion transistor, for example a MOSFET. The IC system further comprises an output driver, an ADC multiplexer, and chip control circuitry in an embodiment. At least one of the OBD circuits is coupled to a terminal for a positive supply potential, VDD, and at least one of the OBD circuits is coupled to a terminal for a negative supply potential or reference-ground potential, GND.
The output driver outputs an analog output signal, Vout, which can be read back by the ADC in an embodiment. The ADC output is coupled to chip control circuitry, which is in turn coupled to the charge pump(s) of the at least one OBD circuit. The analog output signal is read back to the ADC multiplexer and analyzed. If output signal Vout deviates from a desired value, which can be an expected output value, a preset value or some other value, by more than some limit, the chip control circuitry transmits a signal to the charge pump. The charge pump is then deactivated to close the OBD circuit switch, thereby providing or activating a diagnostic output indicative of an error or other abnormal operational event.
Thus, in embodiments, an error internal to or within the IC system can be detected by analyzing a readback signal of an output signal via an internal ADC. In another embodiment, an external error can be detected by analyzing a readback signal of an output signal via an internal ADC.
IC system 100 comprises a first OBD circuit 101 and a second OBD circuit 103 in an embodiment. First OBD circuit 101 comprises an OBD switch 102 and a charge pump 106 and is coupled between the output Vout of the integrated circuit and a terminal for a positive supply potential VDD. Second OBD circuit 103 comprises an OBD switch 104 and a charge pump 108 and is coupled between the output Vout of the integrated circuit and a terminal for a negative supply potential or reference-ground potential GND. First OBD circuit 101 therefore may be referred to has a “high” side OBD circuit, while second OBD circuit 103 may be referred to as a “low” side OBD circuit, as depicted and described in this example embodiment. In other embodiments, more or fewer OBD circuits, charge pumps and/or OBD switches can be used.
In embodiments, first and second OBD switches 102 and 104 comprise one or more transistors, for example depletion transistors such as MOSFETS or another suitable transistor type, that can effectively function as switches. Thus, when both switches 102 and 104 are powered by their respective charge pump 106 and 108 and are open, Vout is communicated to an output of system 100, and when either charge pump 106 or 108 is deactivated such that the corresponding switch 102 or 104 is closed, a short-circuit is formed between Vout and either VDD or GND, respectively.
Sensor system 100 can further comprise a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 110 coupled to the positive input of an output driver 112. Output signal Vout from output driver 112 is coupled to and provides negative feedback control to the negative input of output driver 112. Output signal Vout is also provided at the output of system 100 and is connected to the external conductor 114. In an embodiment, connection to external conductor 114 can be made via a pad 116, though pins, leads, contacts, wires or other structures can be used in other embodiments.
In embodiments, system 100 comprises components, couplings and/or functionality which enable detection of internal errors (i.e., errors which occur within system 100). In one embodiment, system 100 comprises an analog-to-digital converter multiplexer (ADC MUX) 122 coupled to output driver 112 of system 100 and configured to receive or readback analog output signal Vout. In embodiments, ADC MUX 122 can comprise a combined ADC and multiplexer, or in other embodiments can comprise a distinct ADC and a distinct multiplexer, or some other suitable device and/or configuration. Inputs of ADC MUX 122 are coupled to, e.g., a sensor 124 and a chip control or state machine 126, as well as to output driver 112. In embodiments, sensor 124 can comprise any desired sensor(s), for example, one or more of an acceleration sensor, temperature sensor, moisture sensor, pressure sensor, optical sensor, magnetic field sensor, or other suitable sensor. State machine or chip control 126 can be coupled to charge pumps 106, 108 and DAC 110. In embodiments, various other circuit elements, such as a microprocessor, can be coupled to the output of the ADC 122 to receive and compare the signal output by the ADC 122.
In embodiments, system 100 can further comprise voltage supplies or regulators 130 and/or clock generators 132 that can be coupled to various other components as understood by those skilled in the art. The embodiment as depicted in
In operation, a sensor signal S1 is generated by sensor 124. In normal operation, signal S1 propagates through system 100 such that an output signal Vout is provided via bond pad 116. In embodiments, and to determine whether any error has occurred within system 100 that could affect the accuracy or reliability of Vout, analog output signal Vout is communicated or read back to ADC multiplexer 122. An appropriate chip control signal C1 also is provided to ADC MUX 122 by chip control circuitry 126 in embodiments. Analog output signal Vout is digitized at ADC MUX 122, and this digitized signal is then transmitted to chip control circuitry 126 for comparison or evaluation.
In one embodiment, the comparison of the read-back and digitized Vout can be with a pre-set desired value or range maintained in a memory portion of chip control circuitry 126. In another embodiment, the comparison can be to an actual value, such as to the original digitized signal S1 maintained in a memory portion of chip control circuitry 126. In other embodiments, comparison can be to a standard value, a conventional value, or some other signal, value or range. In an embodiment, chip control circuitry 126 compares these values, and if the read-back digitized signal deviates from a pre-set desired value, such as at all or by more than a given predefined limit (e.g. by at least about 10%, such as by at least about 25%, for example by at least about 30% in an embodiment, or by some value or range set by an OEM or other implementer of system 100 and maintained in EEPROM or other memory of system 100 or elsewhere, etc.) in various embodiments, chip control circuitry 126 transmits a signal to the appropriate charge pump 106, 108 to deactivate that charge pump 106, 108. In other embodiments, the values can be compared to a predetermined value or range, such as within a range of about 10% to about 90% of VDD in embodiments.
Deactivating a charge pump 106 or 108 has the effect of activating OBD circuit 102 or 104, respectively. As previously discussed, in embodiments OBD switches 102, 104 comprise transistors or other circuits or elements which are normally open when powered by charge pumps 106, 108. These switches 102, 104 can be activated (e.g., closed) by deactivating the corresponding charge pump 106, 108. Activating either OBD circuit 102, 104 results in provision of the corresponding diagnostic output, VDD or GND, at the output of system 100. In an embodiment, one or the other of OBD circuits 102, 104 is activated at any time, though in other embodiments the second OBD circuit 102, 104 also can be activated, such as based on chip control 126 operations.
Either of these outputs diagnostic outputs, VDD or GND, being outside of the expected normal output signal range of system 100, could indicate an error when provided to or received by an electronic control unit (ECU), microprocessor or other device or system coupled to system 100 by, e.g., bond pad 116 and conductor 114. The ECU or other circuitry or device then can take appropriate action, such as providing an alert to an operator or user, disabling system 100 or some other system or component coupled thereto, activating a fail-safe routine, or implementing some other process or procedure. Thus, in an embodiment, an internal error, for example, of DAC 110 or output driver 112, can be detected by reading back and digitizing output signal Vout and then comparing this digitized signal at a control unit. Deviation of output signal Vout by a certain predefined limit and/or from an expected value triggers a diagnostic output via at least one OBD circuit 102, 104 by deactivating the associated charge pump 106, 108. OBD circuits 102, 104 also can detect external errors, with the detection of internal errors not fundamentally affecting or altering their original use or implementation in embodiments.
In embodiments, the read-back and comparison can occur at start-up, periodically, for each output signal or at some other frequency, which can vary according to user preference, system function, relevant safety standard, sensor operation or performance, or some other factor(s). Method 200 also can be interrupted if, for example, an external error is detected by the on-board diagnostic circuits, a result of which could be an interruption of normal operation.
In operation, system 300 is similar to system 100 discussed above. ADC 304 receives sensor signal S1 from sensor 124 and provides a signal to chip control 126. Sensor signal S1, chip control signal C1 and analog output signal Vout are provided to temperature ADC multiplexer 302 in an embodiment. In other embodiments, ADC 304 and ADC MUX 302 can be interchanged or replaced by a single ADC MUX. Analog output signal Vout is read back or otherwise communicated to and digitized at temperature ADC MUX 302, then transmitted to chip control circuitry 126 for comparison to, e.g., a pre-set desired value, an actual or expected value, a reference value or range or some other quantity. If the comparison fails, e.g., the digitized signal deviates from the pre-set desired value by more than a given predefined limit or is out of range in embodiments, chip control circuitry 126 transmits a signal to at least one charge pump 106, 108 to disable that charge pump, which in turn causes the corresponding OBD switch 102 or 104, respectively, to close and form a short circuit between VDD or GND, respectively, and the output of system 300.
In an embodiment related to either
In another embodiment, an external error, for example, a line interruption, can be detected by reading back of output signal Vout via an internal DAC 110, as some line interruptions can affect Vout or other internal components of system 100 or 300. Detecting internal effects of these external errors can help to prevent damage to system 100 or 300 as well as to identify external errors that might not otherwise be detected or detectable or could otherwise have adverse impacts. In the event of an external line interruption, the output signal Vout is pulled in the direction of the faulty drift. For example, if drifting high, the output signal Vout is pulled to VDD, similar to the diagnostic output provided if charge pump 106 was deactivated and OBD switch 102 closed to form a short circuit between VDD and the output of system 100 or 300, such that an error can be detected. Deviation of output signal Vout by a certain predefined limit activates at least one diagnostic output by deactivating the charge pump 106, 108 to close the corresponding OBD switch 102, 104. In an embodiment, other types of external faults can be detected in addition to a line interruption or conductor break. The evaluation of Vout thus can also take into account effects thereon by internal and/or external events.
In another embodiment, a transitory or short-lived error can be detected by operating OBD circuits 101 and 103 in a polling-like manner, just as by deactivating (and in case of a persistent error, activating) one or both of circuits 101 and 103 periodically to in order to detect transitory or periodic errors which may come and go. Some transitory errors, though short-lived, can still cause damage to system 100 or 300 or other components or otherwise interfere with normal system operation, such that detecting these errors can be advantageous. Detecting these errors, however, can be difficult because they are, by their nature, transitory and may cause sporadic but difficult to isolate problems. In embodiments, however, OBD circuits 101 and/or 103 can be disabled if an error is detected or suspected, and Vout can be monitored to see whether it returns to normal. Such an operation may also serve to isolate possible sources of transitory faults. If output signal Vout returns to normal, then normal operation of OBD circuits 101 and 103 can be reinstated.
Other embodiments can incorporate a dual-die concept or a dual datapath concept. Thus, while embodiments depicted herein can comprise a single die and/or integrated circuit, dual- or multi-die embodiments also can be implemented. Additionally, the data path, such as for sensors 124 and 306 in
In another embodiment, sensor system 100 or 300 can be provided with an additional output pin to indicate any malfunction. For example, a separate die pad, pin or other output contact can be provided to provide a single error signal or a parallel error signal with Vout in embodiments. This can be useful, for example, for a second check of the Vout in an error situation by, e.g., an ECU or other external component. Still other embodiments can provide additional components and features. For example, in one embodiment, safety status signaling can be accomplished via an additional load transistor modulating the power supply by using additional circuits and components, as appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Embodiments of sensor systems as described herein can comprise interconnected electronic components that perform specific functions upon application of voltages and signals. These functions generally are known to those skilled in the art. Embodiments as described herein can comprise more or fewer of the components as depicted and/or described. For ease of discussion, various other circuit elements are not shown but could be incorporated, for example, one or more of diodes, resistors, capacitors, switches, transistors, traces, couplings, connectors, pads, and combinations thereof. However, it is apparent to one with skill in the art that, in embodiments, various other circuit elements would be advantageous.
Embodiments of sensor system components are described herein as being “coupled.” One skilled in the art would understand that “coupled” indicates an operative association between components where the components interact with each other and are sending voltages, signals, or the like back and forth. As such, components can be indirectly coupled or directly coupled. Embodiments of indirectly coupled components can have one or more components or circuit elements in the coupling pathway between the components. Embodiments of directly coupled components are connected with no components or circuit elements in the coupling pathway between the components. Unless specifically mentioned, components generally are considered to be indirectly coupled. Embodiments described herein are not limited to being housed on a single printed circuit board or within a single chip.
Various embodiments of systems, devices and methods have been described herein. These embodiments are given only by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be appreciated, moreover, that the various features of the embodiments that have been described may be combined in various ways to produce numerous additional embodiments. Moreover, while various materials, dimensions, shapes, configurations and locations, etc. have been described for use with disclosed embodiments, others besides those disclosed may be utilized without exceeding the scope of the invention.
Persons of ordinary skill in the relevant arts will recognize that the invention may comprise fewer features than illustrated in any individual embodiment described above. The embodiments described herein are not meant to be an exhaustive presentation of the ways in which the various features of the invention may be combined. Accordingly, the embodiments are not mutually exclusive combinations of features; rather, the invention can comprise a combination of different individual features selected from different individual embodiments, as understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, elements described with respect to one embodiment can be implemented in other embodiments even when not described in such embodiments unless otherwise noted. Although a dependent claim may refer in the claims to a specific combination with one or more other claims, other embodiments can also include a combination of the dependent claim with the subject matter of each other dependent claim or a combination of one or more features with other dependent or independent claims. Such combinations are proposed herein unless it is stated that a specific combination is not intended. Furthermore, it is intended also to include features of a claim in any other independent claim even if this claim is not directly made dependent to the independent claim.
Any incorporation by reference of documents above is limited such that no subject matter is incorporated that is contrary to the explicit disclosure herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is further limited such that no claims included in the documents are incorporated by reference herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is yet further limited such that any definitions provided in the documents are not incorporated by reference herein unless expressly included herein.
For purposes of interpreting the claims for the present invention, it is expressly intended that the provisions of Section 112, sixth paragraph of 35 U.S.C. are not to be invoked unless the specific terms “means for” or “step for” are recited in a claim.
1. An integrated circuit system comprising:
- at least one on-board diagnostic circuit comprising a switch coupled between an output and a first potential;
- an output driver configured to provide a system output signal at the output; and
- a control unit coupled to the at least one on-board diagnostic circuit and configured to compare the system output signal with a value and to provide an error output signal via the at least one on-board diagnostic circuit when the comparison indicates an error.
2. The integrated circuit system of claim 1, wherein the error is internal to the sensor system.
3. The integrated circuit system of claim 1, wherein the error is external to the sensor system.
4. The integrated circuit system of claim 1, wherein the value is one of a predetermined value or a predetermined range of values.
5. The integrated circuit system of claim 1, further comprising a digital-to-analog converter coupled to a positive input of the output driver and the control circuit.
6. The integrated circuit system of claim 1, wherein the at least one on-board diagnostic circuit comprises at least one charge pump coupled to the switch and to the control unit.
7. The integrated circuit system of claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to turn off the at least one charge pump to close the switch and form a short circuit between the first potential and the output of the sensor system, such that the error output signal comprises the first potential, when the comparison indicates an error.
8. The integrated circuit system of claim 1, wherein the switch comprises at least one transistor.
9. The integrated circuit system of claim 8, wherein the at least one transistor comprises a depletion MOSFET.
10. The integrated circuit system of claim 1, further comprising:
- an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the output driver and configured to receive the system output signal and convert the system output signal to a digital signal before providing the digital signal to the control unit.
11. The integrated circuit system of claim 10, wherein the value comprise a digital value.
12. The integrated circuit system of claim 10, wherein the analog-to-digital converter comprises an analog-to-digital converter multiplexer.
13. The integrated circuit system of claim 12, further comprising at least one sensor coupled to the analog-to-digital converter multiplexer, wherein the system output signal is related to a signal generated by the at least one sensor.
14. The integrated circuit system of claim 13, wherein the value is related to the signal generated by the at least one sensor.
15. The integrated circuit system of claim 13, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a primary sensor and a secondary sensor, wherein the analog-to-digital converter multiplexer is coupled to the secondary sensor and an analog-to-digital converter is coupled to the primary sensor.
16. The integrated circuit system of claim 15, wherein the primary sensor comprises one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a magnetic field sensor, a moisture sensor, or an acceleration sensor.
17. The integrated circuit system of claim 16, wherein the secondary sensor comprises one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a magnetic field sensor, a moisture sensor, or an acceleration sensor.
18. A method of detecting errors internal to an integrated circuit system comprising:
- providing an output signal of the system to an internal control circuit of the system;
- comparing the output signal to a value; and
- providing an error signal indicative of an error internal to the system via an on-board-diagnostic circuit if the comparing deviates from the value by a predefined limit, wherein providing the error signal further comprises deactivating a charge pump of the on-board-diagnostic circuit to close a switch of the on-board-diagnostic circuit to provide the error signal indicative of an error internal to the system via the closed switch.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the output signal is an analog output signal, and the method further comprises digitizing the analog output signal before the comparing.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein comparing the output signal with the value comprises evaluating the digitized output signal with the value, wherein the value includes a predetermined range of values.
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- Infineon Technologies AG, TLE4997: Programmable Linear Hall Sensor, Data Sheet, vol. 2.08, Sep. 2008, 34 pages.
Filed: Sep 9, 2013
Date of Patent: Dec 19, 2017
Patent Publication Number: 20150070042
Assignee: Infineon Technologies AG (Neubiberg)
Inventors: Wolfgang Granig (Seeboden), Harald Witschnig (Landskron), Andrea Morici (Villach)
Primary Examiner: Edward Cosimano
Application Number: 14/021,059
International Classification: G01R 31/26 (20140101); G01D 21/00 (20060101); G06F 17/40 (20060101); G06F 19/00 (20110101); G01R 31/28 (20060101); G01R 31/36 (20060101); G01D 3/036 (20060101);


text:
When a farmer in Mexico ships his crops for the season, he doesn't necessarily "fill an order". There is a buyer in the US who wants what he's selling and so he takes a ton of his crop to the border and fills the buyers that he has lined up. Most of the time, he has more produce than is necessary to fill the orders. A lot more. So because of some customs laws and probably a general desire to not bring back lots of unbought food, the producers tend to leave the produce at the border. Just on the side of the road.
So this organization got together with them and agreed to buy their surplus for a minuscule amount of money. Then they take it into the US and sell it in big sales in parking lots, like the one at our church. You pay $10 for up to 60lbs of produce.
The goal is pretty admirable, for a very low price, fresh fruit and veggies can get to the masses, and people who don't otherwise have access to produce. It also helps facilitate neighborly produce trading. It's is a concept that I'd like to write about in more detail later, but suffice it to say that you can make some great friends trading off food that you grew, raised or otherwise acquired!
As you see, we don't take a full 60lbs because we don't need it, but in addition to this stuff we also have a full target bag of green beans, seriously, green beans for DAYS!!!
So it's something to think about, the politics of food and hunger. There are starving children right here in Tucson and literally tons of food rotting by the roadside not 45 miles south of where their little bellies growl. It really is a tragedy. So if you find one of these happening near you, get some food, take it to a local homeless shelter, or group home or just some poor family you know who is struggling. Post it on Craigslist. You will get so many responses from people who are struggling to eat if you offer free food on Craigslist.
This is one of those times when being an all organic person doesn't necessarily make sense. When your options for a kid are happy meal v. Roadside spaghetti squash, wise up, go with the squash. This is not to say you shouldn't have higher standards if you are able. Just that you should not let that standard get in the way of good common sense.
Now for the farm snobs among us, I feel it's worth pointing out. Did you see those tomatoes?
That's how your grocery store buys them. Unripe. They will red up eventually, but this is one of the biggest culprits behind why grocery store tomatoes are no where near as tasty as home grown. So if you are growing your own this year: don't pick til you are ready to eat or until they are waaaaaay ripe and you need to share with a friend. Trust me the sharing is just as good. :)
- Posted using BlogPress from my iPad

domain: food


text:
* WHEN THE SAINTS HAVE THE BALL:
Quarterback and Newport News native Aaron Brooks has a lot to work with, beginning with an experienced and very good run-blocking offensive line. Whether they pass or run, the Saints like to work out of a spread alignment and force a lot of man-to-man coverages. Brooks has been steady throughout the 4-1 start with 10 TD passes and an 83.7 efficiency rating. He has a pair of speedy targets in Jerome Pathon and Donte Stallworth, and an experienced go- to guy in Joe Horn. The spread offense has also helped quick and shifty tailback Deuce McAllister rush for a 4.4- yard average and five TDs. McAllister, with 19 catches, doubles as Brooks' dump-off guy.
* WHEN THE REDSKINS HAVE THE BALL:
Publicly, coach Steve Spurrier says he wants a balanced offense. Too often, though, he forgets and calls eight or nine consecutive passes. The Saints are an inviting downfield target because they rank 27th in pass defense. So, Spurrier may forget himself again today and forget the fact he has a rookie quarterback making his first start. Patrick Ramsey will likely get his first dose of two-deep zones today. If he can make the correct reads and complete passes, something veterans Shane Matthews and Danny Wuerffel couldn't do, Spurrier may fire away all day. If not, he may have no choice but to count on ailing tailback Stephen Davis (sprained knee) and Kenny Watson to run New Orleans out of its zone.

domain: sports


About 20 soldiers on Sunday, stormed the Kwesimintsim Police station with two military pick-ups, ransacked and vandalised the place, over the arrest of their colleagues, who were detained in connection with the arrest of a Ghanaian in the British Army for dangerous driving.
In the ensuing scuffle, two police men of the station, including Sergeant Yaa Serwaa, were injured.
The soldiers also allegedly vandalised anything, including dressing mirrors, tables and chairs and sheets of paper containing statements taken from suspects.
The rampaging soldiers from the Air Force allegedly brutalised the police personnel with clubs and metal hooks.
The command at the Air force Base in Takoradi has however revealed that the alleged attack on the Kwesiminstim police station on Sunday by soldiers from the base, had no official backing.
It added that, the rampaging officers went to the police station on their own accord.
“The attack was not officially sanctioned by the base commander. The soldiers went there on their own volition,” a highly placed source told The Ghanaian Times yesterday.
It indicated that the command had begun investigations into the matter to get the full details of the incident.
“We are cooperating with the Regional Police Command to resolve the matter,” the source stated.
Meanwhile, addressing a news conference at the Kwesimintsim police station after a meeting of all the service commanders here the Commander of Two Garrison, Commodore James Osei Kontoh, hinted that punishment would be meted out to those soldiers who committed that violent act on Sunday.
He said, military administrative procedures would be used in punishing those found culpable.
Commodore Kontoh, who is also the Flag Officer Commanding the Western NavalCommand, indicated that, it was the vision of the military high command to always educate and instill discipline into military personnel.
He told journalists that investigations were ongoing in the infractions that occurred between the police and the military at Kwesiminstim.
“There is a strong bond between the military and the police and we will continue with It,” the Two Garrison Commander stated.
The Western Regional Police Commander, Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCOP) Akuribah Yaagy, said the police and the military command were cooperating to ensure that the matter was resolved amiably to reduce tension.
Earlier, at about 11pm on Saturday, the Police patrol team arrested a British soldier, one Kofi Frimpong, for allegedly drunk driving vehicle with the registration number AS 2959-09 and was sent to the Kwesimintsim Police Station.
Whilst at the detention, Frimpong allegedly called a relative at the Ghana Air force in Takoradi and informed him of his arrest, after which a flying officer (name not disclosed) stormed the Kwesimintsim Police Station with about six soldiers demanding the release of the suspect.
The two police personnel at the station, refused to release Frimpong because the arresting officer was absent.
Later, The Ghanaian Times gathered that the seven were granted bail to appear again on Monday, only for the 20 military men to reorganise a comeback on Sunday, to subject Sgt Yaa Serwaa and another policeman to beatings.
Sgt. Serwaa suffered injuries on the leg.
At the time of going to press, the military and police command were in a crunch meeting over the incident.
From Clement Adzei Boye, Takoradi


PART 1 – HUTCHINSON FUSION5 ROAD TUBELESS-READY TIRE
This review will be in 2 parts, (a) Understanding what a tubeless ready is, and testing how easy it is to install, (b) how did they ride, how long did they last?
Hutchinson currently (9/2018) offers 6 FUSION 5 road tires; 3 Tubeless Ready and 3 Tube-type. For this review, we will be looking at their FUSION 5 tubeless ready PERFORMANCE tire. The table below includes all 3 FUSION 5 tubeless ready tires currently offered. For comparison, WEIGHT shown on first row are Tubeless Ready, second row is the weight of the Tubeless.
BUT, BEFORE WE GET TOO FAR AHEAD …
When putting this article together, I had several questions for Hutchinson.
Q1) What is the difference between a TUBELESS “READY” road tire and a TUBELESS road tire?
A1) Great question. Below are the advantages and disadvantages
- BUTYL casting – can patch the inside of tire with a standard butyl tube patch
- BUTYL casing liner completely seals tire so no sealant needed (but is still recommended)
- HEAVY – a tubeless tire weighs more than a tubeless ready tire
- CHANGING TIRE – With added butyl ‘layer’, tires are hard to remove/replace
- HARSHER RIDE – Slightly harsher ride than Tubeless Ready tire
- HIGHER COST than a standard Fusion 5 clincher
- TUBELESS “READY”
- LIGHTER – No added Butyl casing nor liner
- SUPPLE – Lack of an additional layer gives tire a suppler ride, better ride than a tubeless or clincher
- EASY ON/OFF – Tire has less mass (no butyl liner/casing) so it is easier to install and remove
- FLAT FIX – cannot patch inside of tire for a cut larger than sealant can fix
- FLAT FIX – you need to run this tire with a compatible (both tire and wheel) latex sealant like Hutchinson’s Protect’Air Max.
Q2) What is 11STORM® (ElevenSTORM®)?
A2) ElevenSTORM® is a new exclusive performance compound that increases performance of the tire with respect to rolling, grip and mileage.
Q3) What is difference between HARDSKIN, KEVLAR PRO TECH and REINFORCED?
A3) Each flat protection system offers advantages and disadvantages. Since most race courses in the USA are groomed (glass and debris picked up), Hutchinson recommends the following;
- HARDSKIN uses a puncture resistant fabric from bead-to-bead and is Hutchinson’s ultimate puncture protection system. Best for all weather training.
- KEVLAR is only in the center of the tread and offers a 50% improvement in puncture resistance over no protection. Best use for racing and training.
- REINFORCED uses a polyamide fabric under the center of the tread which yields only 25% increase in puncture resistance over no protection. Best use for racing.
Q4) Do I have to use Hutchinson Protect’Air Max?
A4) A compatible latex sealant is mandatory with the TUBELESS READY tires. Protect’Air can block a perforation up to 3mm (0.12” – a little smaller than 1/8”).
Q5) Since TUBELESS READY is definitely different than TUBELESS, what is your recommended process for installing the tire(s)?
A5) Here is where the “KIT” is the ideal solution.
- Many wheels are clincher-type, so the TAPE is needed to seal the spoke holes (tape not needed if using Tubeless Wheels).
- Next, install the supplied TUBELESS VALVE
- Pop tire on, will mount A LOT easier than Tubeless – see MOUNTING below…
- Fill with air until tire seals, you will hear several “clicks.”
- Deflate and fill with an ounce or so of compatible sealant (Protect’Air).
- Inflate to 80-115psi (5.5-8 bar).
- Max is 115psi, Ideal/recommended pressure is 99-100psi (6.8 bar).
- Rotate tire 360° several times so that sealant is evenly distributed.
As you can see from the video, these mounted as easy, if not easier than a standard clincher. This is due to the lack of an additional butyl layer. When unmounting the tires, I had to use my favorite Pedro’s plastic tire iron. A quick flip of the tire iron and the tire was easy to remove by hand.
So far, a 5 / 5 stars!
Stay tuned for Part 2 where we let you know how they worked.
I have always enjoyed bicycling and, through a series of coincidences, became a Bicycle Industry Consultant and Product Tester. I test prototype products for companies and have published only off the shelf production products on biketestreviews.com.


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Home – Feature – Map
Original Backpackers Hostel is located right in the heart of Sydney:
160-162 Victoria St, Kings Cross.
Located close to all the fun, shops, cafes, restaurants, nightclubs, dance festivals. Just 2 minutes from Kings Cross railway station. So public transport to anywhere is easy.
WHAT'S ON NOW IN SYDNEY
DISCOVER YOUR MAGICAL HOLIDAY
At Original Backpackers Hostel we've always been Sydney, Australia's great value backpacker accommodation. Your home away from home and a real backpacker experience.
We are dedicated to helping you enjoy Sydney and your holiday experience.

domain: travel


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**All opinions expressed are 100% my own. I was not compensated for this post. I was given product for review purposes.**
Bacon: Man's Best Friend's, Best Friend
Is there any better feeling than sharing a moment of pure happiness with your pooch? Literally nothing makes me happier than seeing our dog's tail wagging when he gets a taste of his favorite treats - I feel like I'm just as excited as he is! So when I saw that International Bacon Day was coming up on the calendar, I wanted to find a way to celebrate one of my favorite foods (who doesn't love bacon, am I right??) with my favorite four-legged friend.
We picked up Pup-peroni's new Filet Mignon & Bacon Flavors treats and brought them home for a taste test with our pooch. These treats are no joke - they're made with delicious angus steak and pack a bacon-y punch that our dog absolutely loves. Plus the soft, chewy texture gets his tail wagging - I can tell he's really loving these treats. I think I enjoy giving him these Filet Mignon & Bacon Flavors treats as much as he loves eating them!
No matter how you celebrated 'International Bacon Day', your pooch will be saying "woof yeah" to the tasty flavor of Pup-Peroni Filet Mignon & Bacon treats!
You can learn more about Pup-Peroni Filet Mignon & Bacon flavored dog snacks through the link below:
This post is written by . She is a Wife, and Mother of two boys living in New England. This post may contain affiliate links.


Sherwin-Williams Hosts Informative Energy Industry Technical Seminar
“CUI Mitigation to Elimination” seminar covers best practices for addressing corrosion under insulation, passive fire protection and thermal insulation with coatings technologies
CLEVELAND (July 11, 2023) – Assets and personnel operating in the energy industry face significant risks related to corrosion, fire and heat. Sherwin-Williams Protective & Marine addressed each of these threats and a variety of advanced solutions to combat them during the Company’s first-ever U.S.-based customer seminar focused on protective coatings for energy industry assets.
The Company hosted the two-day “CUI Mitigation to Elimination” seminar May 24-25, 2023, in Houston, Texas, following the International Liquid Terminals Association’s (ILTA) 2023 International Annual Operating Conference and Trade Show. More than 60 customers attended to review the latest advances in protective coating technologies for corrosion under insulation (CUI), passive fire protection (PFP) and thermal insulation.
“Corrosion, fire and heat represent significant threats to the safety, efficiency and overall productivity of energy exploration, production and distribution operations. Lives, facilities and profits may be in danger if these threats aren’t appropriately mitigated,” said Mark Rubio, Energy Business Manager, Sherwin-Williams Protective & Marine. “Informing an engaged base of energy industry professionals was an opportune way to bring these important stakeholders up to speed on the latest solutions designed to keep facilities and operations running smoothly for the long-haul.”
Informing an engaged base of energy industry professionals was an opportune way to bring these important stakeholders up to speed on the latest solutions designed to keep facilities and operations running smoothly for the long-haul.
Among the various solutions covered, seminar participants learned how to mitigate the dangerous condition of CUI using the Company’s new line of Heat-Flex® CUI-mitigation coatings. Those products include Heat-Flex® ACE (Advanced CUI Epoxy), which is an ultra-high-solids epoxy novolac that performs the best at mitigating CUI out of any other formulation available, as well as three coatings featuring a high concentration of micaceous iron oxide (MIO) pigment that deliver significantly improved CUI-mitigation performance compared to similar formulations.
In addition, attendees had the chance to spray each type of coating technology, giving them direct, hands-on experience with CUI coatings, PFP materials and thermal insulative coatings (TICs).
Sherwin-Williams Protective & Marine plans to host a second energy industry technical seminar later in 2023. Individuals or groups interested in receiving additional information should contact the Company here.
Sherwin-Williams Protective & Marine delivers world-class industry subject matter expertise, unparalleled technical and specification service, and unmatched regional commercial team support to our customers around the globe. Our broad portfolio of high-performance coatings and systems – including protective liquid and powder, fire protection and resinous flooring – excel at combating corrosion and help customers achieve smarter, time-tested asset protection. We serve a wide array of markets across our rapidly growing international distribution footprint, including Bridge & Highway, Energy, High Value Infrastructure, Manufacturing & Processing, Marine, Rail, Power and Water & Wastewater. For more information, visit http://protective.sherwin-williams.com.
Industry Expertise and Innovation
See how we help customers find customized solutions for their project and application challenges.


Audio clips show Motorola DROID 4 is ready for December launch
Earlier this month, rumors starting circulating about a December 22nd launch for the Motorola DROID 4. That date came and went with obviously no release of the next phone in the game changing series and now it appears that the device will have a February rollout. But that doesn't mean that the Motorola DROID 4 is not ready to be held in the hands of Verizon customers. After all, the first time we had seen the model, it already looked ripe and ready to go and that was only a few months after the launch of the Motorola DROID 3.
More evidence that the Motorola DROID 4 is ready to go anytime came from six audio clips obtained by Droid-Life. The clips, which can be found at the sourcelink, sound like audio that would be used on the DROIDDOES web site and basically discusses some of the specs (like the 1.2GHz dual-core processor, the 1GB LP DDR2 RAM) and some of the phone's features (slide out QWERTY, edge-lit keys for typing in low light, lag free 4G video chat).
Recently, the Motorola DROID 4 has begun to show up at the DROIDDOES site starting with the logo making an appearance. That was followed up by the appearance of an entire page showing off a picture of the unit with more information about it. But it would seem that Motorola's first LTE enabled side slider was pushed back to allow for the Samsung GALAXY Nexus and the Motorola DROID RAZR to keep the spotlight at Verizon. Furthermore, there are rumors about a handset called the Motorola DROID MAXX coming to Big Red which could offer a bigger battery and perhaps some pumped up specs in a slightly thicker form factor when compared to the DROID RAZR. The Motorola DROID 4 could have been pushed back to allow the carrier to squeeze in the release of this enhanced DROID RAZR.
The Motorola DROID 4
Put everything together and you have a phone all ready to be released. Verizon must be confident in the DROID 4's specs to hold off on releasing it now. Otherwise, in the fast moving smartphone game, waiting a few months could turn a ripe device into the smartphone equivalent of bananas that are months old.
Things that are NOT allowed:


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The long arm of the law is bound to catch the credit card fraud syndicate.
Senator Sherwin Gatchalian has sought the help of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) after he lost P1 million in fraudulent purchases charged in his credit card.
In a Facebook post, the senator voiced confidence that culprits of the credit card hacking will be tracked down and held accountable. He dropped by the NBI office to file an incident report Thursday.
The hacker reportedly ordered P1 million worth of food from Food Panda delivery service. Four irregular card transactions were recorded in just an hour.
“Naghain po tayo ng incident report sa National Bureau of Investigation tungkol sa ating credit card na na-hack kahapon. Kampante po tayo na mahuhuli ang may sala at mananagot ang dapat managot,” Gatchalian said.
He said the hackers may take pride of stealing his credit card but will soon be behind bars. He said the country’s NBI agents have a good track record in combating cybercrime.
“Ang sindikato, siguradong nanonood sa atin ngayon at ipagmamalaki nila na senador ang naloko nila. mahuhuli rin sila,” he said.
“Maganda ang track record ng NBI pagdating sa cybercrime at kampante tayo na sila ay mapapanagot at matitigil ang mga modus na kanilang ginagawa para mambiktima,” he said.
Naghain po tayo ng incident report sa National Bureau of Investigation tungkol sa ating credit card na na-hack kahapon. Kampante po tayo na mahuhuli ang may sala at mananagot ang dapat managot.Posted by Senator Win Gatchalian on Wednesday, January 6, 2021

domain: finance


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A very tall and narrow fissure leading down from a point very close..
The South East Chines of the Wight were favoured greatly by the..
The Wight Montrene Hotel is one of the best places to holiday or..
Tim and Kate Green welcome you to the Culver Haven Inn.
Crocus, the perfect retreat from the humdrum of high street shopping!

domain: geography


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It works by paying out an agreed volume of compensation, from the event of the injury causing time without work from work.
Although this may perhaps appear to be an excellent supply at time, the truth is, what they offer is likely to become considerably lessen than what you're entitled to and what you are going to at some point get should you file an accident compensation claim.
In fatal conditions, the loved ones with the deceased has three years for making a claim, ranging from either the day your beloved a person died, or even the date you obtained the article-mortem benefits. If the accident or damage happened beyond the united kingdom, then the time limit could be shorter. Within this instance, it's important you Get in touch with us right away In this instance. For those who have any fears or questions about the cut-off date for boasting compensation, simply call our crew now on 0800 056 4110 free of charge initial advice and to talk by means of your choices.
The accidents you endure in a very crash, along with the support you may need Later on, will likely be particular person for you. We have knowledge encouraging individuals claim compensation for A variety of accidents – from relatively small whiplash, to really serious head and spinal injuries.
If your defendant was In particular careless when triggering the accident, you may also acquire punitive damages, which are supposed to punish the defendant, and they are imposed because of the courtroom.
ACC has had many breaches of privateness referring to claimants. The most vital transpired in 2011 following the discharge of information of 6700 claimants to an ACC claimant, Bronwyn Pullar. Pullar were battling ACC given that suffering a head harm in 2002—and had forty five separate issues in opposition to the agency—only one of which was regarding the privateness breaches.
This number of compensation is awarded here for hearing reduction in one or the two ears and for those that now suffer with tinnitus due to injuries or even the work setting.
Should you gathered witness Make contact with facts at some time from the accident, Speak to them right away to get their observations down on paper.
A share of all petrol and diesel procured in South Africa is utilized to finance the state-supported Road Accident Fund. The Fund, that's a de facto insurance provider, compensates those people who are seriously injured in road accidents that they weren't solely responsible for resulting in.
Modified comparative fault: You obtain compensation in proportion to the quantity of the accident that was not your fault, but only If you're responsible for A lot visit less than fifty% from the accident (or fifty one%, based on your state).
In the English Regulation any person or perhaps the lawful representative of deceased individual who expired on account of negligent act of other can road accident compensation claims besides instituting legal continuing, Get better damages underneath the Law of Torts. Accountable negligence consist inside the neglect of usage of ordinary care or ability to a person to whom the defendant owes thanks of observing normal treatment and talent by which neglect the plaintiff have suffered injuries to his man or woman or property. Hence, carelessness accompanied with losses to one other social gathering give increase to an action.
Whether or not the car injury looks minor and the injuries appear to be They're very moderate and do not involve quick professional medical treatment method, it remains to be recommended to get in touch with the police to your scene of the accident so you may get an Formal history of almost everything.
Also, we’ll enable you locate any mobility machines or aid with producing modifications to your private home or motor vehicle if suitable
This number of compensation quantities may possibly go over ligaments or the soft tissue over the back again, any continual discomfort and /or any discomfort.

domain: law


After a long break, the new schedule of Puri Jagannadh and hero Vijay Deverakonda’s much-awaited action drama, Liger, has commenced earlier today. The makers unveiled a striking new working still from the location. The picture showcases Vijay sitting inside the bout ring. His ripped and chiseled body will leave his fans thrilled.
Liger is nearing completion and gearing up for its theatrical release this year end. The film introduces Bollywood starlet Ananya Panday to Tollywood. Puri, actress Charmee, Bollywood star filmmaker Karan Johar and Apoorva Mehta are jointly bankrolling this pan-India project. Stay tuned for further updates.
Articles that might interest you:
- Review : HIT 2 – Engaging and Intense
- Review : Matti Kusthi – Partly Engaging
- Gunasekhar’s daughter Neelima’s marriage to happen in a grand manner
- Chiru congratulates Charan – Deets inside
- Raj Tarun’s Aha Na Pellanta creates a sensation on ZEE5
- OTT: Ram Setu makes its digital debut, but with a twist


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Most people — particularly parents with little kids — know that lead poisoning is a dangerous threat to health and may even cause nerve and brain damage.
What they may not know is that the most the most common way to increase lead exposure is to sand or scrape paint in buildings built before 1978.
Sen. Loretta Weinberg (D-Bergen) wants to increase awareness of this hazard by requiring retailers that sell paint to post easily visible signs informing consumers of the threat and providing them with contact information where they can learn more.
But retailers oppose a Weinberg-sponsored bill, S-1527/A-2885], arguing that posters will not be an effective way of raising awareness, while costing them valuable shelf and display space. They’d rather see the burden for informing the public fall on the paint industry, which supports the bill.
The importance of reducing exposure to lead is not in dispute. There is no proven safe level of lead in the body; it harms every biological system and can adversely affect brain development..
Nearly one in 200 children tested in 2013, or 0.48 percent, had dangerously high levels of lead in their blood. Still, this represents progress; in 2000 the level was 2.83 percent, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Lead exposure varies widely across New Jersey. In 2007, the most recent data available, lead levels among New Jersey children ranged from a low of 0.42 percent in Morris County to a high of 3.66 percent in Cumberland County.
Since lead hasn’t been included in paint for decades, the bill doesn’t address current products. Instead, it seeks to inform consumers of the danger of lead exposure when they need it most, which is when they may be planning to sand or strip older coats of paint before applying a new one.
New Jersey Retail Merchants Association President John Holub said retailers appreciate the intent of the bill, but say they’re the wrong venue for informing the public.
“A sign up in a store is one of the more ineffective ways to raise awareness of this issue,” Holub said.
He added that it’s not simply a matter of retailers wanting to “shirk responsibility” and shift it onto paint manufacturers, since many retailers themselves manufacture products.
Holub questioned whether paint manufacturers have lived up to their end of a 2003 consent agreement with New Jersey’s attorney general, in which they agreed to include labels on their products about the danger of paint removal in old houses, and to fund public education on the issue.
“Before you start beginning to require retailers to start putting signs in their stores, I would like to know what the paint manufacturers — the people who should ultimately be responsible for this product — have done,” Holub said, noting that there are contaminated Superfund sites in the state from paint.
Following that 2003 agreement, the state Supreme Court dismissed lawsuits in 2007 that sought to hold paint makers responsible for the cost of lead-poisoning prevention efforts.
Holub said legislators have introduced many bills in the past requiring retailers to put signs in their stores for various reasons. “At a certain point, it becomes ineffective to put signs up in the stores,” he said, adding: “You’d be amazed at the different products have required us to put signs up.”
He cited as an example flat-screen TVs, which can tip over. The retailers worked to alter legislation that required a warning to be posted; instead, the notification is included inside the television boxes. According to Holub, that is a much more effective way to warn consumers than a sign on the wall in stores.
“It’s obviously much more impactful when the consumer has the product in their hand,” he said.
Holub said warnings about paint removal should be included with the paint products themselves, not in the store.
“Shelf space is at a premium. We need to sell our products, and if you start putting all these various requirements to put up signs, we could end up with signs all over,” he said.
The bill received bipartisan support at a recent hearing of the Senate Commerce Committee, which released the legislation unanimously. While the bill was initially scheduled for a Senate vote yesterday, it was held. The Assembly version has been referred to the Assembly Consumer Affairs Committee.


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KARACHI: Following Sindh Southern Gas Company’s (SSGC) announcement of stopping gas supply to CNG stations, the transporters went on a strike on Wednesday, paralysing public transport users.
On Tuesday, SSGC had announced that it will discontinue gas supply for an indefinite period of time. In reaction, CNG associations threatened to block Shahrah-e-Faisal until supply is resumed.
This has painted a difficult situation for commuters who depend on public transport to travel in the city. When questioned if there was any fuel alternative, a Karachi Transport Ittehad (KTI) representative told reporters that there was none as all of the private bus and wagon owners had shifted to gas cylinders upon court orders.
In this turn of affairs, the few buses still operating on the roads are cramped and charging hefty fares.

domain: economics


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Elizabeth is a growing girl. She is getting 11 ccs every 2 hours. At 895 grams, she is 165 grams above her birth weight. Some of the weight gain is due to fluid that she has retained. She was given medication to make her pee more and get rid of the fluid.
The doctors and nurses are concerned about her liver. A blood test done a couple of days ago showed that the level of bilirubin (the cause of jaundice) in her blood was higher than normal. Elizabeth is now too old for newborn jaundice and that is the concern. The doctors are reviewing the results of a belly ultrasound that was done earlier in the day and hopefully will be able to determine the reason for this soon.
Mom and dad were able to hold Elizabeth for a couple of hours today too and even got to kiss her on the cheek for the first time.

domain: medical


DDOT is hosting two upcoming public meetings on the Connecticut Avenue reversible lanes and bike lanes project. At a virtual meeting on Tuesday, June 28th, and an in-person meeting on Wednesday, June 29th, DDOT will present initial concept designs and seek feedback.
This is the link for the 9 to 11 a.m. virtual meeting on June 28th. The in-person meeting on June 29th is from 6 to 8 p.m. in the UDC Student Center’s third floor ballroom.
Community input will inform the block-by-block design process over the next several months. Project elements for the 2.7-mile stretch of Connecticut between Calvert and Legation Streets include one-way bike lanes on each side of the avenue, left turn lanes at some intersections, pedestrian islands, and 24-hour parking and loading zones in commercial areas. DDOT told ANC 3E last week that it is also looking at extending the protected bike lanes north of Legation Street.
Some of the project elements are already under way. The signs with the reversible lane hours were removed in March. The crews scrubbing out the reversible lane pavement markings are to complete their work this month.
Reversible lane on Connecticut is going away pic.twitter.com/oaUk4UKyAe
— Julie Patton Lawson (@srfrjulie) April 25, 2022
And the posted speed limit is being lowered from 30 miles per hour to 25 mph. Those signs will be replaced by the end of the summer.
Also under way, according to DDOT: A “racial equity impact analysis” of the project. It’s the first DC transportation project to undergo such a study, which will “[i]nclude project elements to minimize inequities such as parking for persons with disabilities, older persons and others.”
A place for bikes along Military Road: Bikes and hikes, that is. DDOT and the National Park Service are studying the feasibility of a shared-use trail alongside Military Road between Oregon Avenue and 16th Street NW. Public comments are due today. You can watch a May 24th presentation on the plans, and view the slides and submit your comments here.


A case of treason has been registered against newly-elected chairperson of Nawabganj nagar palika parishad Shehla Tahir, her husband and 500 others after pro-Pakistan slogans were allegedly raised in her victory procession.
A complaint in this regard was filed by Akhilesh Gangwar, chairman of VHP Nawabganj unit, police said in Bareilly on Wednesday.
He alleged that Shehla, her husband Mohd Tahir and 500 unidentified persons raised 'Pakistan Zindabad' slogans during the victory procession on December 23.
The CD of the procession, which had gone viral, has been sent for forensic examination to Lucknow in which the charges were found to be true, and a case was lodged with the Nawabganj police on Tuesday, SSP Joginder Kumar said.
District Magistrate incharge OP Verma said additional forces have been deployed to maintain law and order.
Shehla, who won the Nawabganj nagar palika parishad elections in November, had arrived here on December 23 after getting a stay from the high court over her arrest in connection with a case against her during polling, police said.


Projection in 1916 and the Great Frame Rate Debate
I’ve deliberately avoided talking about “frame rates” and the “correct” speed of silent films on this blog, and for good reason – it’s a very contentious subject, and also quite technical, but looking at the history of presentation will give us some insight. My layman’s version goes like this: After sound film came in, all projectors were motorized and set to run at 24 frames-per-second (although some could be slowed down to lower settings, 24 was the standard for sound). This was pretty fast, compared to earlier standards, but projectionists with no experience would occasionally screen silents (especially Charlie Chaplin) during the sound period, and it would run fast. By the 1960s, everyone had forgotten what movies used to look like, and they came to think that silent movies had always looked fast and jerky. But then, someone found an old copy of Moving Picture World that said that the “official” standard during the silent era was 16 frames-per-second. New projectors were built for specialists who wanted to study films at their “original” speed, and silent movies slowed to a crawl. A new problem was discovered: at that speed, movies have a noticeable “flicker” effect as the eye catches the light between frames. Some film historians assumed that silent audiences were used to that, and just accepted it.
But wait! Along comes James Card, William Everson, and a few other collector-historians who were old enough to remember the silent days. They were darn sure that the movies they saw of Douglas Fairbanks and Clara Bow when they were children didn’t flicker, and they sure didn’t crawl along like molasses on a cold day in January. They suggested that going back to 24 frames-per-second was a better standard. Who was right?
Well, this gets tricky, like I said, but let’s start with one fact that I deliberately left out of this: until the transition to sound, most cameras and projectors were hand-cranked, not motorized. By the end of the silent era, motorized projectors were coming in, but the camera was hand-cranked until the day it had to be synched with sound. In other words, different cameramen and different projectionists did different things, no matter what their “standards” said. It also appears that there was a kind of frame-rate-race between the two professions for much of the period, so the real standard changed over time. This goes back to that issue of exhibitors not really respecting the producers’ wishes in terms of their movies: sometimes, instead of cutting a film, they just told the projectionist to speed up. This was apparently very common, and camera operators began to fight against it by speeding up as well, which led the projectionists to go even faster, and so on. Tests made at the time by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers confirmed this, and they revised their standards upward occasionally, though they were in general conservative about it. Billy Bitzer, for example, was actually timed at right around 16 frames-per-second, so that’s a perfectly reasonable rate for screening “Intolerance,” but other cameramen went a lot faster.
So, here’s one conclusion I draw from all of this: those folks in the 60s may not have been so far off after all. Probably most early movies weren’t run at 24 fps, but it happened some of the time, and fast was much more common than slow. This is probably why there wasn’t that much protest during the occasional Chaplin revival in the 1930s and 40s. A lot of people did remember him moving fast.
But, so what? Do we have to watch a jerky, speeded-up film just because that’s what people did then? Do we have to sit in uncomfortable folding chairs because that’s what a Nickelodeon usually had? Is it “cheating” to watch a Chaplin movie on your phone? Is it not fair to watch “Intolerance” in a building that lacks a sumptuous lobby and a live stage performance? My real conclusion is that frame rate was pretty much subjective in the pre-automated era, so we should be equally subjective now: go with what looks good. Often, that probably will be about 24 fps, as Card and others advocated, but with earlier movies it probably needs to be slower, and there are probably a few that look better at an even faster rate. This needs to be audience-subjective. We don’t usually get a choice what rate to watch a movie nowadays (the recent “Phantom of the Opera” release from Kino Classics is an exception), and so we leave it to experts to decide for us. On most of the high-quality releases we get today, the action looks natural at whatever speed the distributor has chosen, and I have yet to see a silent film festival that really messed up the speed of a silent movie, so this debate is largely academic anyway. I only mention it because there are people out there who get really het up about it, but then there are people who can’t hear Chaplin’s name without reflexively saying “Keaton was funnier,” and who wants to be friends with them?
Interesting. In fact Kevin Brownlow comments that 24 fps was selected as that was the speed at a particular studio first run theatre: hence arbitrary.
Il Giornate del Cinema Muto run films at what archivists reckon was the proper speed [allowing for variations as you explain] and these range from 16 to 24 fps. running a film at 22 fps rather than 24 fps can make a difference.
FIAF [Archive Federation] have produced the technical data for digital projection at ‘silent’ speed and they include 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24.
I am sceptical about ‘audience-response’ as it depends what your viewing experience is. People who watch only digital will not have experience of celluloid, which is different.
The other complication is that running films at 24 fps when they originally ran slower leads to step-printing [adding extra frames] and this can have marked effects, including changing the editing rhythm.
Thanks for your thoughts. I’m certainly not technically proficient enough to question professional archivists and projectionists and their decisions, but I think it’s always worth remembering that many period audiences probably never saw a silent movie at its “correct” speed – they got what the projectionist decided and/or his management demanded. In that sense, trying to honor the director’s or camera operator’s intent may actually distort our understanding of history.
That is a fair point. Certainly in terms of history we should be aware of the actual screening conditions. In a similar way there were screenings that were completely silent, and in the first couple of decades narrators or commentators instead of or as well as accompaniment.
But when we are revisiting the films I think we should aim for the optimum quality. So accurate speeds are important. I know several skilled projectionists who still work with early film on 35mm and they can usually judge the required speed by running part of the film.
With digital apart from changes in rhythm you often also get ‘ghosting’ from the added frames.


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Al Ameer, which recently was named one of the best restaurants in the Midwest, has long been a favorite of Eater’s traveling national critic Bill Addison. The West Warren Avenue spot was a highlight of one of his first trips to metro Detroit after joining Eater in 2014, and has remained an vital stop on his itinerary during subsequent visits to the city. “Khalil Ammar and Zaki Hashem’s family enterprise excels in its always-fresh mezze and lush stuffed lamb,” Addison writes in the annual guide.
Similar to the city-based Eater 38 maps, the Addison’s rankings attempt to capture restaurants that are defining dining in America. Places that, Addison writes, “don’t just exemplify culinary excellence — they foster hospitality and pleasure and purpose in their communities.”
The National 38 is something Addison takes extremely seriously. This year alone he spent 32 weeks on the road eating more than 500 meals in 36 cities across the country.
Numerous outstanding establishments joined this year’s list including Le Coucou in New York City, Staplehouse in Atlanta, and — the best restaurant in America — The Grey in Savannah, Georgia. Al Ameer remains the only Michigan restaurant in 2017 to score a coveted spot on the guide. Eater Hall of Famers are restaurants that maintain a place on the National 38 for three years in a row.


January 31, 2019
Wednesday, March 6: SOAH Preliminary Hearing on the air quality permit for the proposed Vulcan quarry in Comal County. To be an affected party, you must attend this hearing in New Braunfels.
January 30, 2019
Wednesday, January 30: Educational meeting to prepare residents for upcoming SOAH preliminary hearing on the proposed Vulcan quarry in Comal County.


I have specifically qualified my statement to cross-posts that include the "RT" text and all sorts of broken references to avoid "not all cross-posts" responses, but I still got them. Okay then.
Unsurprisingly, I indeed believe that Mastodon is better than Twitter, and prefer seeing posts created here over posts created somewhere else.
I also think that the ability to cross-post from Twitter works against Mastodon adoption.
@gargron The problem in this, again and again, is: Choosing a "social network", messenger, ... isn't something an individual can do on her/his/its own. Usually you're wired with a certain community, and the larger it is, the more difficult moving from one network to another will be. Personally, I don't want cross-posting features at all - I *just* want to connect to my contacts and interact with them seamlessly, I do not want to have to care about which platform they are on. Look ...
That's still crossposting. The only difference is aesthetics. No convenience would be worth what we would lose. The diversity of the internet is what makes it worthwhile. It would be a nightmare as far as harassment. Being able to mass-post across any & all sites with one click would make having distinct sites pointless. It would mean a homogenized internet which would lend itself to corporations/gov't controlling it all. It's against the spirit of the internet.
The social network of the future: No ads, no corporate surveillance, ethical design, and decentralization! Own your data with Mastodon!


Less than 3 miles from where former President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama broke ground last week on their long-awaited presidential center on the South Side of Chicago, Tahiti Hamer lies awake at night thinking about the limited time she and her family have left in the neighborhood where she’s lived her whole life.
Following the announcement of the center in 2015, neighborhoods adjacent to the 19-acre planned site have seen skyrocketing rents and housing prices, and Hamer, 42, a single mother of three, is one of several facing displacement.
New Edition ::: Real fear the Obama Presidential Center will mean many Black residents priced, pushed and forced out as the area is redeveloped. A critical need? Affordable housing protections. Read our coverage this week. pic.twitter.com/W6iOYXU9ln
— The Final Call News (@TheFinalCall) October 6, 2021
Dixon Romeo, a lifelong South Shore resident and organizer with the Obama Community Benefits Agreement Coalition, a resident-based group formed in 2016 to help fight displacement, said residents are not against the Obama center but instead are looking for help, so they will be around to enjoy it.
“How can we benefit from it if we’re not there anymore?” he said. “This is the community that sent President Obama to Springfield. This is the community that sent him to the Senate. This is the community that sent him to the White House, and we should be the community that gets to stay for the presidential center.”


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60% Cotton, 40% Polyester
105"l x 90"w
Dainty dots. The dotted pattern on our Polka Dot Sheet Set is small-scale, so you can easily layer other colors and patterns over. It's also a fresh and fun update layered under white bedding. Plus, with fewer wrinkles straight out of the dryer, care is a breeze.

domain: design


text:
Structure and function of RNA processing complexes
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is a centrally important and extraordinary cellular process that allows the generation of proteomic diversity (estimated at up to 150,000 human proteins) from only 20,000 human genes. More than 90% of human genes use multiple patterns of splicing, sometimes with antagonistic functions, to be expressed from a single gene. The process of alternative splicing is very complex and still poorly understood. The selection of particular splice sites among numerous potential sites is influenced by many proteins, called splicing factors, that bind to the pre-mRNA. These proteins may either enhance or prevent the recognition of a particular splice site in a time, cell-type and cell-cycle dependent manner. It has also been demonstrated that cell signalling plays a major role in the regulation of alternative splicing through post-translational modifications of splicing factors demonstrating a tight link between cell signalling and alternative splicing regulation.
Accordingly, pre-mRNA mutations as well as splicing factor mutations or copy number variations are associated with several genetic diseases including cancer.
Our main research interest is therefore to understand at the molecular level the specific action of splicing factors on alternative splicing decision, the interplay between signalling pathways and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Additionally, we are interested in the role of pre-mRNA secondary and tertiary structures on alternative splicing regulation.
To this aim, we are studying RNA, protein-protein and protein-RNA complexes using structural biology techniques (NMR and X-ray), biophysical methods (ITC, Flourescence polarization) and biochemical methods (RNA footprinting, EMSA,).
Our structural work is complemented by functional assays thank to collaboration with the group of Professor Ian Eperon within the LISCB.
- Weldon C, Dacanay JG, Gokhale V, Boddupally PVL, Behm-Ansmant I, Burley GA, Branlant C, Hurley LH, Dominguez C, Eperon IC. 'Specific G-quadruplex ligands modulate the alternative splicing of Bcl-X.' Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 46(2):886-896.
- Weldon C, et al. (2017) 'Identification of G-quadruplexes in long function RNAs using 7-deazaguanine RNA.' Nature Chemical Biology, vol. 13. Pp. 18-20.
- Feracci M, et al. (2016) 'Strucutral basis of RNA recognition and dimerization by the STAR proteins T-STAR and Sam68'. Nat Commun, vol. 7. P. 10355.
- Dominguez C, et al. (2010) 'Structural basis of G-tract recognition and encaging by hnRNP f quasi-RRMs.' Nat Struct Mol Biol vol. 17. Pp. 853-861.
Katie Berwick, Mohammed Boghodia, Rafael Del Villar Guerra, Hatice Ezenkaya (joint with Ian Eperon), Mohammed Hassan, Hesna Kara, Inara Liepina, Idir Malki, Mishal Tariq (with Kayoko Tanaka), Santosh Hollie Watmuff
Watch Cyril's Bench to Business film on Sam68 and alternative splicing.

domain: biology


The Critical Speed Application allows the investigator to determine the critical speed of a vehicle that has entered a yawl. The speed calculations are based on the radius that is derived from the chord and middle ordinate obtained from one of the vehicle’s yawl marks, in conjunction with the drag factor and super elevation of the roadway. The application also adjusts the radius for the track width of the vehicle if so desired. Calculations may be performed using the Imperial or Metric system. In the Imperial System the speed calculations will be displayed in both fps and mph. In the Metric System the results will be displayed in m/s and km/h. The chord of the applicable yawl is entered into the program through the use of a text box. All other data, Middle Ordinate, Drag Factor, Super Elevation and Vehicle Track Width are entered via sliders. When any of the sliders are changed their related values change as well as all of the related calculations. This allows the user to determine the sensitivity of their data by simply moving the sliders, eliminating the need to constantly reenter data.
Size: 43.75 KB
Price: 4,71 €
Developed by Accident Analysis and Reconstruction, Inc
Day of release: 2009-09-28
Recommended age: 4+


text:
Client Portal Login
Request or schedule an appointment below for counseling, medicine management, or with our wellness providers.
You can always call us to schedule your session at 501.777.5969.
Specialized, confidential and compassionate counseling for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families.
Our medical team can prescribe medications for a variety of mental health conditions.
Now offering SPRAVATO™ (esketamine) for major depressive disorder and treatment resistant depression.
Private yoga sessions that are designed with you and your specific mental health and wellness goals in mind.
Intuitive massage has many benefits, including trauma informed body work, addressing pain points, and an opportunity to relax.
Nutrition services are offered to assist our clients with becoming their best selves, both body and mind.
We create a patient-centered plan of action utilizing a variety of natural therapies and treatments.

domain: health


E-Parking for the Disabled: Chania Takes a Step Towards Inclusive Mobility3 min read
Did you know that people with disabilities constitute the world’s largest minority, accounting for 15% of the world’s population? Currently, the world has over 1 billion people with disabilities, the majority of whom have to face challenging marginalization, poverty, and exclusion from society. This article focuses on how e-parking for the disabled can increase accessibility in their everyday lives.
From access to healthcare and education to even everyday parking, people with disabilities regularly deal with non-inclusive environments. To make life easier for the disabled in terms of parking and mobility, the Municipality of Chania – located in Crete, Greece – has designed an elaborate e-parking system, making parking spaces more accessible.
Let’s understand how the system works.
Illegal occupation of accessible parking spaces – a growing problem
Currently, the city of Chania has a total of 160 parking spots reserved for people with disabilities. However, most of these spaces were illegally occupied by able drivers. As a result, people with disabilities either cannot park their cars or have to travel miles out of the way to find a parking spot.
To counter this problem, the Municipality of Chania has developed an innovative e-parking management system for persons with disabilities.
Read Also: Handicap Parking Permits: How to Get One
Electronic parking management – The Solution
Initially run as a pilot project, this integrated parking management system features special, Bluetooth-enabled cards for disabled people, facilitating real-time monitoring of available parking spaces through a mobile app. Using this app, disabled people can find the best parking space according to their needs.
The system also eliminates the problem of the illegal occupation of accessible parking spaces in its own unique way. All the accessible parking spaces have ground sensors installed, which update the occupancy status in real-time, feeding it to a centralized database platform. Traffic police have access to this platform, allowing them to monitor the use of space and take action when it’s illegally occupied.
Better participation for people with disabilities
This e-parking system allows seamless mobility for disabled people without them having to worry about already occupied parking spaces. As a result, this encourages integration and improves the participation of differently-abled people in urban life.
Within one year, the e-parking management system has reduced the illegal occupation of reserved parking spaces by over 60%.
Apart from that, increased participation of disabled people has also been observed in bureaucratic and operations spheres as well, where the Municipality of Chania explicitly hired disabled people to build the city’s website and mobile app.
Even tourist places, such as beaches, have been made disabled people-friendly, with dedicated SEATRAC platforms that allow differently-abled people to access the sea and enjoy the beach experience. Surveys of both tourists and residents with disabilities reflect high levels of satisfaction with the improved accessibility of urban centers, thanks to the hassle-free parking system.
The installation of the e-parking system will undoubtedly improve the quality of life of people with dsabilities living in Chania. As the numbers suggest, illegal parking will be eliminated entirely in the coming few years, allowing for better urban access and participation of differently-abled people.
Many countries are taking cues from Chania and are readily developing accessible parking systems for inclusive mobility and parking ecosystem. Hopefully, with improved infrastructure, disabled people will have a way to overcome physical barriers and lead independent, fulfilling lives.


text: This manuscript contains a compilation of fragments of books for royal coronations, ordinations of priests and monks, and other ceremonies which must be conducted by an archbishop or a bishop. Most of the material in it comes from the late Anglo-Saxon period, some of it is later, mostly of the 12th century, and parts are from the Continent. Robert Cotton, who owned it in the 17th century, bound the fragmentary books together in to one, within a cover bearing his coat of arms. Two fragments of an 11th-century pontifical (instructions for sacraments to be performed by a bishop) from Christ Church, Canterbury, are bound into the book. This page presents directions and prayers for the ordination of a monk. At this point, the monk is to throw himself onto the floor in supplication (written in red) while the abbot leads the congregation in the Kyrie (a prayer of supplication in Greek) followed by a litany (prayer of supplication to God and the saints). Among the saints of the litany, the names of St Alphege (the martyred archbishop of Canterbury) and St Benedict, who were especially revered by monks of Anglo-Saxon England, appear in capital letters. The script (style of handwriting) is that of Christ Church but not in a grand manner, suggesting that it was made for a bishop rather than the archbishop.

domain: history


text:
Goodlatte’s Online Sales Tax Draft Flips Rules on PurchasesRichard Rubin
States could collect sales taxes on out-of-state purchases made over the Internet, in a draft proposal being circulated by a top U.S. House Republican.
The plan from Representative Bob Goodlatte of Virginia differs from one the Senate passed in 2013 with support of retailers including Amazon.com Inc. and Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
Goodlatte, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, would base sales taxes on the location of the seller, not the buyer. The proposal is an attempt to resolve a decades-long dispute among states, online retailers and brick-and-mortar stores.
The issue splits Republicans, with some arguing against any attempt to make it easier for states to collect taxes and others saying states and local small businesses need Congress to set common rules.
“Don’t like it, don’t like it,” Representative Jason Chaffetz of Utah told Bloomberg BNA when asked about Goodlatte’s draft. Chaffetz, a Judiciary Committee member, is working on his own legislation on the issue with support from retailers and state governments.
The risk of emphasizing that political fracture gives Republican leaders little incentive to advance the issue.
The National Retail Federation is “skeptical” about Goodlatte’s approach, said Stephen Schatz, a spokesman for the Washington-based group, whose board of directors includes executives from Macy’s Inc. and Ethan Allen Interiors Inc. He said the group is talking with tax experts about whether it could be feasible.
Goodlatte said his goal is to find a way so states can share revenue from taxing online sales.
“Citizens of the states are going to buy products from all over the country and all over the world and that definitely causes a loss of revenue,” he said at a breakfast today sponsored by the Christian Science Monitor. Still, he said, Congress should “not allow a state to reach out and regulate a business outside of its jurisdiction.”
Currently, online sellers and catalog companies typically don’t collect sales taxes on purchases made in states where they have no physical presence. That, retailers and states contend, creates a gap that costs governments revenue and shifts sales to online businesses.
In 2013, the Senate passed a bill that would let states impose taxes on out-of-state sellers, a measure applauded by retailers and governors of both parties. The proposal died in the House without a vote. Opponents included EBay Inc.
“We want innovative small businesses to have room to grow and not be burdened by additional tax and compliance requirements when they operate online, which was one of Chairman Goodlatte’s fundamental principles that helped shape his work on this issue,” Amanda Miller, a spokeswoman for EBay, said in a statement.
Goodlatte’s bill, using what’s known as origin sourcing, is an attempt to narrow the number of tax rates and audits any seller would face by limiting the states retailers interact with.
Under the draft bill, a multi-state commission would handle distribution of taxes among the states based on the location of purchasers.
A Judiciary Committee aide, speaking on condition of anonymity to describe lawmakers’ strategy, said the document is designed to be a starting point for discussion on the issue.
A copy of the draft was obtained today by Bloomberg News. The Hill newspaper reported earlier on the draft.

domain: politics


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text:
Latest Infant mortality Stories
Safe sleep, smoking cessation, preterm births and social inequity among the priorities. Boston, MA (PRWEB) February 19, 2015 The six strategic focus
HERNDON, Va., Oct.
Today at the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) annual meeting, Mayor Vincent Gray joins Aegis Health Security in announcing its ‘Stronger2gether – One City 4 Healthier Babies’ initiative aimed
While a rise in cesarean section (C-section) delivery rates due to breech presentation has improved neonatal outcome, 40% of term breech deliveries in the Netherlands are planned vaginal deliveries.
Grant proposals must address factors contributing to poor birth outcomes, infant mortality. Baltimore (PRWEB) August 04, 2014 CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield
The rate of infant and maternal mortality for Blacks is twice the rate for Whites in the U.S., so it is important to address barriers to care that Black women face.
Using data from health surveys and military registries, a University of Essex researcher has found that the average height of European men has grown 4.3 inches from the early 1870s to 1980.
When health care reform in Thailand increased payments to public hospitals for indigent care, more poor people sought medical treatment and infant mortality was reduced, even though the cost of medical care remained free for the poor.
While the overall infant mortality rate for Maryland is declining, other birth statistics are startling: 12.5% of babies are born premature; 8.8 percent are born with low-birth weights; and 7.6%
- Withering but not falling off, as a blossom that persists on a twig after flowering.


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A nice pint (or Darren’s nice pint in this case) after the enjoyable photowalk in Dublin a few weeks back. Just love the bull & castle. All the more since discovering they serve “Rebel Red” nearly a year ago. Mmmm.
beer city ireland irishblogs irishphotos meetup photowalk pint
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domain: hobby