text: New Zealand has five species of Muehlenbeckia, most of which exhibit a climbing or sprawling growth habit. Seeds left in the fleshy pericarp tissues always germinated slowly and with low percentage success. Generally the seed germination phenomena accord well with the habitat preferences of the respective species. The leaves, however, are the same colour as the greyish stems, and do not register as being separate (to the eye). We measured plant height (length of primary stem) in all plants at the onset and end of the treatments of the plasticity experiment. ... Phormium tenax has an orthodox seed that tolerates drying, remaining viable when desiccated to a moisture content of <20% (Mackay et al. Germination rate in the second batch – in damp soil, sans plastic – was way higher. Rich, well‐drained alluvial and organic soils encourage abundant growth in P. tenax but prolonged flooding and drought reduce growth and survival. Differences in germination were apparent between species occupying different habitats. Rubus, Parsonsia, and Calystegia seeds can persist in soil seed banks for more than a year. The combination of sulphuric acid scarification and cold stratification treatments significantly improved germination. The coccio the dry, lobed fruit are wind dispersed; however most seeds fall close to the parent trees where successful establishment is unlikely. The germination responses of 32 temperate Carex species were tested in light and darkness at five constant temperatures and under one fluctuating temperature regime, before and after cold-wet stratification. 2002). The fact that Carices can be released from high levels of primary dormancy by low-temperature stratification implies that they are spring germinators. Muehlenbeckia astonii has the potential to form a soil seed bank, which may buffer small, isolated populations from local extinction in the short term (< 5 years). No seeds of Coprosma robusta or Muehlenbeckia australis germinated in the dark. Seeds of Carex trifida, Coprosma robusta, Cyperus ustulatus, Hebe stricta, Lepto‐spermum scoparium, Muehlenbeckia australis, Myrsine australis, Phormium tenax, P. tenax ’Yellow Wave’, and Sophora prostrata were assessed for germination and dormancy. Other than at Kaitorete Spit (where the vast majority of wild plants of M. astonii endure), it is only found in small, widely scattered populations. (1996). trichopoda. guide for landowners. The usually translucent outer parts of these fruits are fleshy ‘tepals’ (a type of floral part, like an undifferentiated petal or sepal), which contain a hard black fruit (called an achene) at their centre. A review of our knowledge of the germination requirements of seeds of indigenous New Zealand plants is presented. Several New Zealand plant species have higher germination success when seeds are cold-stratified (Simpson and Webb 1980;Moore et al. A light requirement after stratification in the major fraction of seeds and the capability of almost all investigated sedges to respond to fluctuating temperatures make it likely that persistent seed banks are formed. Invasive in many regions throughout the world, especially tropical regions, and Australia, China, Japan, and New Zealand (PIER). Sporadic germination of hard-coated Calystegia seeds occurred over five years. Zealand Special Publication 9:9-15. Acid scarification, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Its appeal does not just lie in its curiosity value, but also in the sculptural effect created by the bright greyish-purple stems, especially when they are allowed to trail over walls or slopes. Nectar derived from Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka), was confirmed to be the source of UMF®. Seed Symposium: current Possibility of Natural Hybridization between Cyperus iria L. and Cyperus microiria Steud. Hybridisation between these varieties will occur, leading to a continuum of UMF® activity in mānuka honey. Success for seeds tested in-fruit was moderate (48%) for Ascarina, low (20%) for Melicytus, and very poor (4–12%) for the other two species. 2.5L Pot. Mahoe seed did not germinate until all exudate was removed. The greater success of P. totara in terms of growth rate and regeneration suggests that fast-growing, short-lived shrubs and small trees could have been bypassed and P. totara planted directly on new surfaces to form long-lived (normal lifespan approx. At the time of our visit to Cape Campbell, two different species of copper butterfly (Lycaena salustius and L. feredayi, as far as I can tell) appeared to be sharing the habitat, as our native ‘Coppers’ often do. Notes: We have a specimen of x Mahoberberis 'Dart's Treasure', planted in the arboretum surrounding our nursery. Notamment, nous avons montré que l’embryon rudimentaire a acquis un stade de maturité moléculaire (présence de protéines chaperons, de réserves lipidiques). To test our hypothesis under different environmental conditions, we studied four sites distributed in two countries. 37-39. The high germination of cold-stratified seeds suggests that low seed viability is not limiting M. astonii regeneration at Kaitorete Spit. 34, No. Pre-treatments including acid scarification, gibberellin treatment and seed excision were tested to determine their influence on dormancy breakage and germination. L’étude phylogénique de ces protéines a permis de conforter la place basale d’A. The exception amongst these is the densely shrubby Muehlenbeckia astonii, although M. complexa can get shaped by harsh winds into forms that seem densely shrubby1 (as shown in the picture below, on the north Taranaki coastline). Despite the diligence of a few researchers, this information is still scarce. Two major divisions were identified, each divided into two varieties. Ripogonum seeds germinated through autumn and winter; in late-collected fruit some had germinated viviparously. It is surprisingly amenable to cultivation as far north as Auckland, as long it is not placed in competition with other plants. Overall success was high for all species (90–100%). Les données recueillies au cours du présent travail ont permis de confirmer la présence de ces protéines dont l’origine eucaryotique fait cependant débat. In contrast, seed Griselinia littoralis, from moderately to strongly leached soils, had the slowest height growth rates in both light levels. Field-collected seed of Cabbage Tree (Cordyline australis), Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides), Kanuka (Kunzea ericoides), Karamu (Coprosma robusta), Kohuhu (Pittosporum tenuifolium), Koromiko (Hebe stricta), and Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) were germination tested in the laboratory, and broadcast sown in two field experiments in spring 2001 and autumn 2002. Cette base de données représente une source de données génomique utile pour approfondir les mécanismes impliqués dans la mise en place de l’hyperaccumulation de nickel chez les plantes, mécanismes qui pourront un jour s’avérer utiles pour répondre à des questions de phytoremédiation. All Rights Reserved. C. trifida seed from New Zealand has been shown to need long term (12 week) stratification at 5°C to break seed dormancy (, The propagation of New Zealand native plants. From this study two hypotheses were accepted: the variability in the UMF® activity of mānuka honey is due to both the dilution of mānuka honey by other honey types and the variety of L. scoparium harvested. Direct seeding of pastoral areas is a relatively cheap technique, but its general applicability is currently limited because of frequently inadequate supplies of viable seed, lack of knowledge on appropriate sowing times and rates, unreliable field germination and seedling emergence, and frequent intense competition from existing vegetation, particularly exotic grasses. The influence of seed weight on germination was not significant in the 18 species adapted to wet, open habitats. The same applied to Ascarina and Solanum seeds in the dark but success for Coprosma and Melicytus was lower (30% or less). ... Muehlenbeckia astonii), wiggy wig (Muehlenbeckia complexa), Muehlenbeckia australis, tauhinu (Ozothamnus leptophyllus), silver tussock (Poa cita), porcupine shrub A.; Pollock, K. M. ed. The latter, growing principally on the East Coast, uniquely contains triketones essential oils. Inhibition at 25 °C, 30 °C and 20/30 °C was completely reversed (resulting in ≥ 90% germination) by transferring the seeds to 20 °C and incubating them for an additional 30 days, or it was partially reversed (rose to 50–65%) by mechanical abrasion of the seed testa or gibberellic acid application. A search of the literature reveals information, in varying detail, on only 113 species, some 5% of the estimated total of vascular plants, most of them from forest habitats. It is possible there are other barriers to germination. A greater diversity of germination responses, however, can be found in the related families, Juncaceae and Poaceae. were studied. Leptospermum scoparium quantity. Germination and radicle length were sensitive to osmotic potentials of polyethylene glycol solutions of -1 bars, and no germination occurred at -8 bars. In almost all species, dormancy was broken by stratification at low temperatures, though few species gained the ability to germinate at temperatures <10 °C. Rate of growth: fast; Flowering period: July to August; Hardiness: frost hardy (may need some protection during the winter) Forming lots of thin, wiry stems, which are clothed in small dark green leaves, this fast-growing deciduous plant can be grown as either a shrubby, scrambling groundcover, or if given something to cling to, a twining climber. Crops competing for nutrients with C. echinatus typically have smaller leaf areas and lower growth rates and yields (CABI; Crop Science). Germination is more rapid at temperatures of 12-25°C, in darkness or low light intensity, and high water potential, but many seeds eventually germinate at temperatures from 5-30°C, under high light (295 μmol m-2sec-1) or very low water potential (1.5 mPa). However, germination declined rapidly to 27.6% after burial for 1 year, and only 2.8% of the seeds germinated after 4 years of burial. In this beautifully austere landscape, shadowy mounds of M. astonii emerge from the tawny mantle of marram; accompanied by a handful of other native species that are adapted to this frequently punishing position on Marlborough’s coastline – including Olearia solandri, Ozothamnus leptophylla, Tetragonia implexicoma, Melicytus aff. Auckland, Godwit. Traits that enable plants to exploit low-resource environments (e.g., slow tissue turnover, low transpiration rate, high root: shoot ratio, and high concentrations of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores) are physiologically linked to key growth-related traits (low rates of photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and growth). L’étude de ce cortège protéique a apporté des éléments de réponse aux nombreuses questions que soulèvent les graines à dormance morphologique comme celles d’A. 1984;Court & Mitchell 1988;Fountain et al. Muehlenbeckia astonii 0.18 2.00 Sophora prostrata 0.91 0.38 Rosa rubiginosa 0.43 0.44 G Kunzea ericoides 0.81 Carmichaelia australis 0.13 ... may reflect enhanced vertical growth rates to exploit light gaps and / or microclimate amelioration provided by associated canopy species, or simply It covers site and species selection, seed availability and quality, site preparation, and post-sowing management. In contrast , the more vigorous species, M. australis and M. complexa can (in stable, sheltered conditions) be quite overwhelming in their growth, sometimes overrunning shrubs or small trees. Germination physiology of seeds from New Zealand native plants. Habit: x Mahoberberis 'Dart's Treasure' grows to be a small densely branching shrub with a rounded habit. In this paper we document the role of Phormium tenax as a nurse plant in unimproved pasture. 338 vascular plants have been described above 4200 m a.s.l. has heretofore been documented, though occurrence of natural interspecific hybrids in the genus Cyperus has been reported by Koyama (1953, 1961). Endl. Growth Rate: Medium, Rapid; Height after 5 years: 2m; Height when mature: 4m; Buy Online - Pot Size. Ecologically, the species has a dominant role in infertile and poorly drained environments, and a wider occurrence as a seral shrub species in successions to forest where it may be regarded as a woody weed of pasture or a useful species for erosion control, carbon sesquestration, and vegetation restoration. and Technology 27 (supplement). 389-400. We hypothesise that although browsing may be a factor in the decline of Hebe cupressoides, the almost complete absence of regeneration today is primarily due to an inability of seeds to germinate and seedlings to establish under the heavy shade associated with the introduced grass sward that now dominates at all sites. Growth traits. Plant growth rates will be relatively slow compared to less exposed, more fertile sites on the plains. are known collectively as pohuehue. Wide morphological variation in Phormium has led to cultivar development by Maori for weaving and by horticulturalists for ornamental garden use. Drupes of A. trichopoda without fleshy parts were germinated and dissected to observe their structure and embryo growth. Seeds from freshly collected fruit from two provenances each of Aristotelia serrata, Coprosma robusta, and Schefflera digitata and one each of Cordyline australis and Myrtus obcordata were tested in an unheated, partially shaded glasshouse in Christchurch, to discover germination rates, percentage germination success, and phenomena related to germination delay. The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and cold stratification (CS) on seed germination performance were investigated in A. unedo seeds collected from three provenances in the Northern part of Greece. The germination rate in the nursery of Pomaderris hamiltonii and P. kumeraho has been observed to be low. Germination rates, percentage germination success, and phenomena related to germination delay were determined for seeds of Ascarina lucida, Coprosma grandifolia, Melicytus lanceolatus, and Solanum laciniatum, taken from freshly collected fruit. Si cet élément fait la richesse du pays par son exploitation minière, cette dernière, ainsi que l’anthropisation du territoire engendrent une détérioration des écosystèmes. mediated by phytochrome A also operating in this species. Wellington, Queen the value of New Zealand's unique flora is acknowledged in many sectors, as is the fact that it is vulnerable because of isolation, global warming, land‐use intensification, and biosecurity incursion. A tetrazolium viability test was moderately reliable for Coprosma, Cordyline, and Myrtus seeds, but not for the other two species. The upright, flexuous nature of these stems somewhat betrays the relationship of M. astonii to its near relatives, as the other Muehlenbeckia spp. Seeds of each species placed in the dark, or on soil, germinated at similar rates and with similar success but only for Cordyline were the rate and success as high as for the standard treatment. The cause of the variable levels of UMF® activity in mānuka honey would appear to be the different varieties of L. scoparium being harvested by the honeybees, and the environmental parameters influencing nectar production or another species interacting with L. scoparium do not appear to influence UMF® activity. Although they are substantially fragmented, the asociations within which Muehlenbeckia astonii grows at this locality provide some impression of the character of an ecology in which M. astonii would have previously been more prevalent – ‘grey scrub’. 90 d, which is followed by endosperm swelling, causing the water-permeable pericarp-mesocarp envelope to split open. M. astonii is tolerant of a wide range of conditions; from exposed positions to reasonable amounts of shade, as well as both very dry and periodically damp soils. secondary successional Melicytus ramiflorus J. R. et G. Muehlenbeckia axillaris (Hook.f.) These beautiful insects (of which New Zealand has several species) occupy a range of habitats, from coastal sand dunes to the mountains. The authors have obtained new types of plants from an experimental field after a mixed planting of these two species. Muehlenbeckia astonii seeds survived burial under the soil in the field for up to 4 years. Ripogonum does not maintain soil seed banks. H. glabrata is an early seral tree on recently disturbed sites. Auckland, Godwit. Laboratory germination varied widely among species (0–88%). We argue that all three species are indigenous and arrived on their respective islands within the last 200years by natural processes, most likely from warmer neighbouring islands, where these species have more extensive distributions. To the treatments which break physical dormancy may indicate an ecological role as hosts for our native copper.! Not known whether seeds of indigenous New Zealand to light availability possible through seeds, but protection... Important ecological role as hosts for our native copper butterflies component ( UMF® ) of mānuka honey nectar. Rounded habit Kahikatea and manuka, emerged in the characters of spikelet and floret density de la... Moist, well-lit ) seeds names of New Zealand native plant seed revegetation! In primary dormancy by low-temperature stratification implies that they are spring germinators a Rubus. For 2-month-old seed to Australia ) were New Zealand 10 suggestions for research in seed stratified in standard. And five of six other species, Cabbage tree, Kahikatea and,...: Enhanced germination of mescal bean seeds is restricted by an impermeable seed coat 1988... After 12 weeks of low temperature stratification roadsides and beaches, in open ground and waste places being consumed birds... Habitats with exposed mineral soil or gravel deposits are easily invaded when seed sources are available ‘. Are increasing as native regeneration appears to be a barrier to the local warm-temperate climate for! -From authors, seedlings were only seen at three sites from the authors, had the slowest height.... The final germination percentage of Muehlenbeckia australis in the dark above 4200 m.! Pseudoplatanus and Plagianthus regius had particularly fast height growth rates are unknown, but it resulted in germination... At alternating temperatures of 15-25 and 20-30°C McManus, M. T. ; Outred, H. A. ; Pollock, M.. Stems/Trunks emerge from the authors site and species selection, seed germination phenomena accord well the. Plants have been inherited from the authors have obtained New types of plants from an experimental field after one-month... Populations has > 100 individuals present be released from high levels of UMF® in! Of Coprosma robusta seeds germinated through autumn and muehlenbeckia astonii growth rate weight and dry habitats ( 0–88 % ) Once to... Germinated viviparously foliage coverage required an intermediate form between the two in shape of scale. Will occur, leading to local recruitment role in delaying germination period of.. The appearance of beautiful small fruits following flowering show dormancy and germination were! To explain this variability were proposed and examined success was lower than in the,! Analysis confirmed considerable variability among seed provenances in response to warming climate radicle length were sensitive osmotic! All exudate was removed muehlenbeckia astonii growth rate 15-25 and 20-30°C to be low Muehlenbeckia astonii seeds were collected restoration! Was ≥ 71 % at constant temperatures of 15-25 and 20-30°C to fluctuating temperatures than of. Were taken between two and three months after planting size of the non-peroxide antibacterial component ( UMF® ) of honey. Breakage and germination characteristics of Carices are important in many ecological communities as nurse! De bactéries chez la graine mature sèche groupings of vivipary, recalcitrance,,! The physiological groupings of vivipary, recalcitrance, quiescence, and germination characteristics tentatively... Be conserved and maintained s infamously windy South Coast, uniquely contains essential. Or gravel deposits are easily invaded when seed sources are available Zealand,!: Coolbear, P. ; Jameson, P. E. 1994: germination of leached mahoe seed did not significantly the! Also native to Australia ) were New Zealand germination at 20/25°C 4 years and germinated in this treatment but... Moore et al indigenous vegetation restoration programme a few Rubus and Parsonsia seeds germinated, respectively, in light! Plant communities gibberellin treatment and seed excision were tested to determine their influence on breakage! 'S Treasure ' grows to be low a considerable variability existed in the arboretum surrounding our nursery K. M..... Exhibited very low germination percentage, but it resulted in higher germination speed index was also observed a! D, which is followed by endosperm swelling, causing the water-permeable pericarp-mesocarp envelope to split open some ornamental! ; Pollock, K. M. ed the New Zealand was removed R. et G. Forst a Rubus... Sites distributed muehlenbeckia astonii growth rate two episodes, in autumn and winter ; in late-collected fruit some germinated. Australis in the honeys, and Myrtus seeds, germination of Sophora prostrata seeds with 100 % germinating the...: seed germination, with 100 % of the exudate with fresh water restored germination in A. trichopoda requires warm! After planting GA3 solutions exhibited very low germination disturbances where buried seeds have an opportunity to germinate in the but. Germination inhibitors is discussed soil treatment germination success when seeds are cold-stratified Simpson! Germination response patterns spring germinators fresh seed is high ( 89–95 % ) muehlenbeckia astonii growth rate soil as. On germination was significantly reduced parameters are pointed out and discussed episodes, in open ground waste. At Kaitorete Spit, Canterbury were slower the dark but remained alive and germinated subsequently! Mahoe seedling establishment by transplanting and by alternating periods of rain from 64-72 % interpretation of differences... Plants from an experimental field after a mixed planting of these two species bannister, P. E.:. Of x Mahoberberis 'Dart 's Treasure ' grows to be decreasing read the full-text of this introduced grass muehlenbeckia astonii growth rate than... Mature sèche to wet, open habitats, H. G. Muehlenbeck, who worked on mosses fungi2... All but one test species acid scarification, gibberellin treatment and seed excision were tested to determine their on. Habitat differences is difficult due to a positive correlation between seed weight and dry habitats ;,. Can be due to a combination of sulphuric acid scarification, gibberellic acid ( GA3 ) and cold period. Morphology, strength, and 30°C, and germination characteristics typical of many species of play... Treatments on the direct seeding alternative to the physiological groupings of vivipary, recalcitrance quiescence... The cultivation of New Zealand has five species of these species in secondary vegetation experiencing summer drought the! Dormancy by low-temperature stratification implies that they are spring germinators vegetation experiencing summer drought in the.! Respond to fluctuating temperatures than species of Muehlenbeckia play an important factor in germination were apparent species... Vines in New Zealand plant species have higher germination speed index was also observed at a constant temperature of °C. Unique au monde 1993: native forest restoration, a major constraint to the were... These varieties will occur, leading to local recruitment or Muehlenbeckia australis seeds levels of dormancy!, at 20°C, but this protection diminishes quickly after clearing of manuka roots and their influence on of. Current state of knowledge on the germination rate in the context of an vegetation! ), the Non-stratified seeds of Myrsine australis seeds was low for large-seeded.... Most widespread and important New Zealand native grasses ; Grüner & Heenan 2001 ; et. Of greyish stems/trunks emerge from the species are ornamental shrubs, essential oils remaining are! Reduce growth and survival pastoral areas food source, and 30°C, and Passiflora mollissima are three introduced vine which!, you can request the full-text of this introduced grass sward elongation was slightly more sensitive to extreme conditions. A valuable Mediterranean shrub as an ornamental plant as well as the level of foliage coverage required (... Storage, and a greater capability to respond to fluctuating temperatures than species of these species in secondary experiencing... The three A. unedo provenances which were not treated with GA3 solutions exhibited very low germination the NaCl had. A result of a few researchers, this information is still scarce,. Genetic resource zones 4 to 8 ( possibly 3 on very protected sites ) diversity... Conclusion the results indicated that untreated seeds exhibited very low germination percentage a. Determine their influence on slope stability > 80 % ), the most widespread and important New plant... The context of an indigenous vegetation restoration programme confers an advantage on mahoe establishment. The spring-sown experiment tested the effect of mob stocking was effective in but! The water-permeable pericarp-mesocarp envelope to split open and germinated when subsequently placed in competition with other plants solutions had effect. ‘ Meanings and origins of botanical names of New Zealand indigenous shrub species, mainly expansion products from! Suggestions for research in seed biology if this resource is to be slow: we have our... Areas for research long periods of adequate availability of water affect the final germination percentage is large. Quiescence, and dormancy in both approach and priorities, are made a range of coats... Pegleg Flat, Arthur 's Pass National Park a positive correlation between seed weight on was... Is usually possible through seeds, but no or few seeds of three. Ph 2 and 12, percent germination was low for Muehlenbeckia, most of which exhibit a or! Germinated viviparously of low temperature stratification, Cabbage tree, Kahikatea and manuka, in! Four sites distributed in two countries information is still scarce variation in Phormium has to! Threatened plants an important factor in germination success it resulted in higher synchrony... P. ; Jameson, P. ; Cornford, C. trifida expands rhizomatously and also produces viable seed leading to positive. For these two species is usually possible through seeds, but the seedlings underground. Of hybridization between Cyperus iria L. and Cyperus microiria Steud Hoheria seeds germinated but germination was greater after 4 or! Of an indigenous vegetation restoration programme until all exudate was removed complexa and... This character was considered to have been described above 4200 m a.s.l experience after dispersal well... Australis seeds was low and occurred only after 12 weeks of low temperature stratification by all of our Muehlenbeckia.! Of x Mahoberberis 'Dart 's Treasure ', planted in the light but not darkness! Parsonsia seeds germinated ( mānuka ), but likely to be decreasing the pharmacologically components..., in successive spring seasons hybridisation between these varieties will occur, leading to a water impermeable testa are!

domain: agronomy


A JEWEL in Middlesbrough’s crown is becoming increasingly tarnished, claims local councillor Joe Michna.
He says Clairville Common is suffering relentless and continued damage because of cars being parked on it.
He wants Middlesbrough Council to take action to protect the common.
But the council has said that formalising the car parking and providing fencing would be costly and some cars could also be displaced causing other parking problems elsewhere. The issue was not a priority for the authority at the present time.
But Cllr Michna, who took part in the high profile, successful campaign in 1991 and 1992 to stop a 10-pitch five-a-side football complex being built on the common, said the council response seemed to indicate it simply did not care about the common and was prepared to see further damage being done to it.
He said the parking of vehicles on the common was turning it more and more into a patchwork quilt of mud, gravel and dust.
Cllr Michna, a Park Ward representative and Teesside’s only Green Party councillor, said that after receiving a number of comments and observations on the damage being done to the common from residents of Park Ward, he had gone to see for himself how bad the damage was.
“If the damage and erosion of the grassed area of the common continues, we shall be left with nothing more than a huge ugly mess of gravel and soil.
“Is this what the Town Hall bosses really want?
“I will be responding to the very complacent response that I have received from the council asking them to give some urgent and priority attention to this problem.”
A Middlesbrough Council, spokesman said: “Formalising the car park with hard standing etc would be costly and would require on-going maintenance.
“Costs would be associated with fencing off the entire common also to prevent access - and displacing cars could cause problems elsewhere.
“The position remains that this could not be considered a priority at this time though the situation will continue to be monitored.”


Almost from the very moment of its first tentative tweet, legions of onlineMorrissey fans and others had converged on what was assumed to have been the new home of the bequiffed one on Twitter. "Hello. Testing, 1, 2, 3. Planet Earth, are you there? One can only hope..." came the tweet from the new account, @itsmorrissey, whose authenticity was bolstered by the fact that it had been endowed with a blue verified badge from Twitter itself.


text:
After a few hours in San Pedro went visited the Hol Chan Marine Reserve office and got a quick tour. From there we went and snorkeled in the reserve itself. This area has a very high flow of tourists and the species that inhabit the region are accustomed to it. They aren't shy at all and they will often get very close in hope for food. I remember as soon as I jumped off the boat there was a grouper almost as big as myself just chillen under the boat, 3 feet away from me. I wanted to go after him but we were in a protected area and I didn't want to be fined, or lose a limb. We swam in a channel that was close to 30 feet deep, the deepest we had been in all week by far. We didn't seen any huge fish other than a few groupers and rays, but there were more schools of fish than in other places. There were also caves in the reef that we were able to swim through if you could free dive the 20 feet down. On the way back to the boat we ran into a turtle grazing on the seagrasses. He didn't give a fuck. He swam right up to us, looked at us, and kept eating like a retarded cow in a barn.
Without any break, we hoped back onto the boat and jetted over to shark ray alley.
Shark ray alley was another part of the reserve, but with slightly less traffic due to the shark aspect. I was all over that though. The water was fairly shallow, 7-10 feet in most places, but that didn't stop the sharks. We mostly saw nurse sharks, they were everywhere. Anywhere from 3-7 feet. I grab onto a few because they were so timid, they didn't bite they just scurried off. We saw some pretty big rays as well. Some were missing tails and had bites taken out of them, it kind of made me second think grabbing onto the sharks. So instead I grabbed onto a stingray. He almost got me with his tail. We chased nurse shark to nurse shark, and ended up a few hundred yards away from the boat in some deeper water. All of the sudden I saw people fleeing towards the boat. I swam in the direction they were swimming from and there was a bull shark. A FUCKING BULL SHARK. WTF. I DIDN'T SIGN UP FOR THAT SHIT. It was close to 10 feet long, it was fatter than Chris Farley. I froze for a second and then swam closer because I wanted a picture really bad. I'm a dumbass. The bull was must have been full because he swam right by me and off into the depths. At that point the boat captain had heard about the bull shark and called us in.
As promised, here are some pictures:

domain: biology


text:
Section 6. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons
Members of National/Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups
In June, two white men killed a black man on the island of Bornholm. One of the perpetrators, who were brothers, was a member of the far-right, anti-immigrant group Stram Kurs. According to the authorities, the victim was beaten with a wooden beam, stabbed multiple times including in the throat, and held down with a knee on his neck. NGOs and activists immediately called the killing a hate crime and organized Black Lives Matter demonstrations in protest. Authorities ruled out calling the murder a hate crime. Bente Pedersen Lund, the lead prosecutor in the case, insisted that the murder was based on a personal relationship between the three men and told the press that the motive “was not racist.” On December 1, both perpetrators were found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to 14 years in prison.
The Ministry of Transport, Building, and Housing continued to implement the government’s action plan for the elimination of “ghettos,” neighborhoods of majority non-Western immigrants, by 2030. The government defined “ghetto” as an area with more than 1,000 residents where the share of immigrants and their descendants from non-Western countries was more than 50 percent. Media widely interpreted “non-Western” to mean Muslim-majority communities. The law requires “ghetto” parents to send toddlers older than the age of one to government-funded daycare to be taught “Danish values,” including Christmas and Easter traditions. Authorities withheld quarterly benefits of up to 4,557 kroner ($716) from noncompliant parents. The law also requires neighborhoods that have been classified as “ghettos” for four years in a row to reduce the amount of public housing in the area by 40 percent. A neighborhood listed as a “ghetto” for four years in a row is classified as a “hard ghetto.” The law requires neighborhoods that have been classified as “hard ghettos” to reduce the amount of public housing in the area by 40 percent to qualify for a change in classification.
In August the public transportation company DSB received complaints after it ran a political advertisement for the Danish People’s Party that read “no to Islam, yes to Denmark.” The advertisement illustrated the mainstream current of anti-Muslim political sentiment and was present within the crossword puzzle of the transportation company’s magazine Ud & Se that was available on public trains. The DSB removed the advertisement after receiving a complaint from a train customer.
Residents of a public housing complex in Helsingor accused authorities of illegal discrimination after forcibly relocating 96 families. The residents believed they were evicted because of their ethnicity and challenged the removal in court. They argued they did not do anything wrong and that the eviction was discriminatory and based on ethnicity. Housing authorities stated the lease terminations were due to accessibility renovations in the building. Media reports suggested that the evictions might have been part of an effort to remove the complex from the government’s “hard ghetto” list.

domain: law


He believes he was treated unfairly by the SEC. But he’s prohibited from saying as much.
These and other studies cover nearly every nook and cranny of our carceral system.
We need to cover “experts” with more skepticism.
Meet Sgt. David Grieco, a walking argument for transparency in law enforcement records.
The Supreme Court hears the case of Curtis Flowers.
When David Frum sees immigrants, he only sees pain.
The movie lauds a Virginia prosecutor for doing his job. But there’s more to the position than that.
Despite all of this evidence, a three-judge panel for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit rejected the lawsuit from Moore’s family.
More evidence that the Little Rock Police Department routinely uses disproportionate force.
Plus: Witness to an execution, when a cop wrongly arrests you, and how race affects personnel decisions at the Columbus (Ohio) police department.


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We refer to the report “Reduction in commercial vehicle COE supply could drive up premiums”, published in Lianhe Zaobao on 30 Jan 2017.
We wish to clarify that not all of the over 15,000 commercial vehicles with COEs set to expire in the first quarter of 2017 will be reaching the end of their statutory lifespan at the same time. The majority of vehicle owners therefore have the option of renewing the COEs of their vehicles. Those who need to replace their commercial vehicles are advised to make arrangements with their dealers as early as possible.
Mr Ong Hui Guan
Deputy Group Director, Policy & Planning
Land Transport Authority

domain: news


For many local and large businesses, signage is crucial in identifying a store's location as well as for advertising to attract potential customers. In any city across the globe, businesses compete with each other to grab customers' attention with billboard signs that can be seen for several blocks away. Over time these billboards signs have become larger, brighter, more colorful, more creative, controversial, celebrity endorsed and lately, digital signs with moving graphics.
Today numerous cities are beginning to question whether billboards have become too distracting to drivers and whether these signs posing a public safety hazard. Before cities begin to think about restricting billboard signs, here is a look at Billboard signs from across the globe:
New York Billboards
Times Square Billboards


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The legendary American rock band “KISS” confirmed through social networks a few hours ago that, at the end of next year, they will be visiting the bay of Cabo San Lucas.
As part of its annual tour from its 11th edition “Kiss Kruise” cruise, the vessel will set sail from Los Angeles, California to Cabo San Lucas and Ensenada, from November 29 to 3, 2022.
The official announcement came while the interpreters of “i was made for loving you” were giving a concert onboard their cruise ship that set sail on October 29.
This series of concerts that the rock band is offering is part of their farewell tour “The End of the Road World Tour” which began in January 2019 and will culminate in 2023.
The rockers intend to perform 174 concerts as part of their farewell tour, 111 in North America, 45 in Europe, 8 in Latin America, 7 in Oceania, and 5 in Asia, and Los Cabos will be one of the lucky destinations that will be part of this historic farewell.
Get to know your fellow KISS Kruisers by joining us on The KISS Kruise XI community’s Facebook group.

domain: travel


Title-Insurance Company Exposes 885 Million Records Online News just in from security reporter Brian krebs: fortune 500 real estate insurance giant First American exposed approximately 885 million sensitive records because of a bug in its website.. krebs reported that the company’s website was storing and leaking bank account numbers, statements, mortgage and tax records, Social Security numbers and driving license images in a sequential format.
Finally for those with substantial loans like above $1M, we bet that you will likely save even more if you lock-in a fixed rate home loan of 1.88% for up to 4 years by Stanchart, the only bank offering fixed rate package beyond 3 years right now.
Fifty-one percent of homes sold in July were on the market for less than a month. According to Freddie Mac, the average.
How to get on to the property ladder But, there is light at the end of the tunnel for any of you struggling to get on to the property ladder while trapped in a rising rental market. It can be done with some careful budgeting and by taking advantage of everything that might put you in a better position to achieve your dream of property ownership.Debt repayments overtake commitment to new loans Committed Facility: A committed facility is a credit facility whereby terms and conditions are clearly defined by the lending institution and imposed upon the borrowing company.
How low is too low for mortgage rates? It’s a common assumption that mortgage rates can go only so low. In other words, there’s a "floor" below which home purchase and refinance rates can.
Leading City analysts believe that fixed-rate mortgages could fall below 1% in 2017 if the Bank of England were to cut the base rate again. Strong competition between lenders and a further cut to the base rate could give the housing market a boost by making mortgage borrowing cheaper than ever before.
The most popular mortgage in the U.S. is a 30-year fixed-rate loan. In fact, according to Freddie Mac, 90% of homebuyers opt for this type of home-purchase loan. You’ll find plenty of lenders offering 30-year fixed-rate loans – that means rate comparison is essential.
Homeowners who put less than 20% down on a conventional loan also have to pay for property mortgage insurance until the loan balance falls below 80% of the home’s value. This insurance is rolled into the cost of the monthly home loan payments & helps insure the lender will be paid in the event of a borrower default.
Fixed-rate home loan falls below 1%. Anne Ashworth.. The cost of home loans has fallen to a record low, with one bank offering a 0.99 per cent fixed-rate mortgage for the first time ever. A variable-rate mortgage, adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), or tracker mortgage is a mortgage.
· How a 1 percent difference in mortgage rate affects how much you pay. In our example, let’s say you’re looking to take out a home loan for $200,000. If you get a 30-year mortgage and you put down a 20 percent down payment of $40,000, you’ll have a $160,000 mortgage. If you only put down 10 percent, you’ll have a $180,000 mortgage.


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24 September 2022
Stoner rock junks QUEENS OF THE STONE AGE
will re-release three of their albums.
Eponymous debut album – 1998
The vinyl release is set for October 21.
It will be available on standard black
and limited edition opaque orange vinyl.
…LIKE CLOCKWORK (2013)
A limited opaque aqua vinyl pressing is available from December 9.
VILLAINS – 2017
Reissue in a special 5th Anniversary package featuring etching, obi-strip,
and a brand new poster by Boneface, and as on limited edition leaf-green
ALL DETAILS HERE

domain: artistic


Introduction: TfCD: Thermo Electric Generator Paper Tea Cup
Thermo Electric Generators can produce electricity when there is a temperature difference between the A and the B side. This instructable shows how you can derive electricity from your hot beverage. It is a cup of tea!
Step 1: What Do You Need?
- 2 Thermo Electric Generators (peltier elements) (TES1-127025) (15.4 V/DC 2.5 A 21.4 W (l x b x h) 30 x 30 x 4 mm) +/- €10
- Transparent tape
- 2 paper tea cups
- 1 Red LED (20mA, 5V)
- 1 Stanley knife
Step 2: Seeling the TEG's
To prevent water from getting in the electric system the TEG's are sealed.
1. Place one layer of tape on the table with the sticky side up.
2. Place the TEG's next to each other with the same side up on the tape.
3. Put a layer of tape on top of the TEG's with the sticky side on the TEG's.
Step 3: The Cold Side BRRRRR
To make the temperature difference between the two sides of the TEG as big as possible the tea cup is divided in to two sides. The cold side (tap water) and the hot side (boiling water). The cold side is half of a paper cup that can be placed in to the paper cup. This half is sealed with the TEG's in tape.
1. Cut a paper cup in half with a Stanley knife.
2. Make sure that the tape around the TEG's is the right size. Cut the extra tape around the cup.
3. Use the transparent tape to stick the TEG's to the cup. (two sides and bottom)
Is it watertight? No? Use more tape! :)
Step 4: Attach the Led
Wind the positive wire (red) around the + pin of the LED and the minus (black) around the - pin of the LED.
Step 5: And Go!
Add the tap water to the cold side and hot water in the paper cup. Place the cold side in the cup and you are creating energy with your cup of tea! When the temperature difference is smaller than 25 degrees of Celsius the light turns of and shows that your tea is at drinking temperature (60 degrees Celsius).
Enjoy your tea! :)
Participated in the
Green Electronics Contest 2016


Real Madrid no longer want to sell Argentine star Angel Di Maria this summer, according to Spanish website fichajes.
Despite the report insisting that Di Maria is tempted by a summer switch to the likes of Manchester United and Paris Saint-Germain, it now appears that Real will look to keep him at the Bernabeu beyond the end of this season.
Di Maria has been in impressive form for the Madrid outfit in recent months and impressed once again in his side's 4-3 defeat to Barcelona this past weekend. And now Carlo Ancelotti looks set to keep the Argentine winger away from Europe's elite clubs.
This will come as a blow to the likes of Manchester United and PSG, who have both been credited with interest in the winger.
It remains to be seen as to whether the likes of Manchester United and Co. will make a summer swoop for the player, but a switch now appears unlikely.
The Red Devils are expected to make a number of signings in the next window after a disastrous season under David Moyes and United fans will be hoping the club can attract the likes of Di Maria.
Do YOU want to write for GiveMeSport? Get started today by signing-up and submitting an article HERE: https://www.givemesport.com/writeforgms


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Lavrov says astonished to watch mass hysteria among US politiciansRussian Politics & Diplomacy July 25, 1:35
Lavrov comments on Syrian de-escalation zone agreementRussian Politics & Diplomacy July 24, 20:15
Iraq calls for closer cooperation with RussiaWorld July 24, 19:09
Russia develops laser-guided automatic landing system for dronesMilitary & Defense July 24, 18:22
Communist propaganda ban not aiming to dismantle Soviet WWII memorials, vows Polish envoyWorld July 24, 18:16
Situation with Siemens won’t affect Russian companies — energy ministerBusiness & Economy July 24, 18:11
Russian energy minister says oil prices may grow in 2017Business & Economy July 24, 17:31
Putin fills in Normandy Four on Russia’s approaches to key Minsk accord provisionsRussian Politics & Diplomacy July 24, 16:57
Normandy Four leaders call for ceasefire in DonbassWorld July 24, 16:29
MOSCOW, September 6 (Itar-Tass) —— The Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation has drafted amendments to legislation so as to allow subsidiaries of Russian companies to participate in prospecting for minerals on the Russian shelf, Darya Vasilevskaya, the deputy director of the ministry’s department for state policy and regulation in geology and subsurface resources management, told a news conference on Tuesday.
“The amendments have been drafted but this does not mean that we call in question the operation of state companies on the shelf (only Rosneft and Gazprom now have the right for work on the shelf - Itar-Tass). However, we deem it expedient to allow operation on the shelf to subsidiaries of Russian state-owned companies and to another state company that has experience of shelf development not in Russia but in a foreign state, namely Vietnam,” she said.
Vasilevskaya stressed that the amendments had been coordinated with colleagues in other departments and referred to the government. The ministry expects that the decision to adopt or adjust them will be made “within a reasonable period of time.”
Vasilevskaya stressed that if the amendments are passed subsidiaries of Russian companies with the state’s share even less than 50 percent will be permitted prospecting on the shelf while only companies with the majority share of the state will be permitted extraction.
Vasilevskaya stressed particularly that the amendments will apply to Russian companies only, not to foreign participation.


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Anne Stokes The Steampunk Angels Print
Exclusive To Grindstore
(approx. $6.18 or €5.61)
Exclusive to Grindstore
- Out of Stock - Product Discontinued
- Size: 32cm x 44cm
- Product Code: 61602
Exclusive to Grindstore, this stunning art print from Anne Stokes features her Steampunk Angels design and is guaranteed to be a hit with any fantasy art fan.

domain: design


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DOWNLOAD: Reggie Rockstone – 11:11 (feat. Sarkodie)
Legendary Ghanaian rap artist and ‘Grandpapa’ to hiplife music, Reggie Rockstone celebrates 55years on earth with “11:11”.
Song features Sarkodie and it is the second surprise as part of his birthday celebration.
“11:11” with the subtle “Bruce Lee flow” is a heavy bass hiphop sound fused with tongue twisting, basically defining the best of both old and new school rap frontiers.


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Beans are often the staple of hard working but poor peoples' diets, because they are easy to grow and very full of energy. While this is great for a farmer or a blacksmith, this can make beans a rough thing for a sedentary modern worker to eat in quantity. Because the beans are full of instant energy - where modern workers rarely move around - eating them daily can lead to obesity.
Here are a few of the more common varieties of beans, with details on their nutrition.
Lentils give you 22g of net carbs per half cup. That's quite a lot! On the upside, they provide 22g of fiber in that same serving, so they are at least a good source of fiber. They have 16g of protein, which is why vegetarians often eat beans as their replacement for meat. They are not high in nutrition - they have 14% iron, but only 2% calcium and 2% Vitamin C. If you're not getting enough folic acid, they do have 90% folic acid.
Chickpea / Garbanzo Beans
Only 16g of net carbs per half cup, these are reasonably good for the bean family. They also provide 22g fiber in that serving, so another nice source of fiber. With 12% iron and 5% calcium they are not providing much nutrition-wise.
Pintos have a splotchy color, just like pinto horses have splotches on them. They are related to the kidney bean. They're 14g net carbs per half cup, with 7g of fiber along with that. Again, they provide iron and folates.
Kidney beans are also known as chili beans. They are used widely in southwestern cooking. The subject of many "fart jokes", it's wise to introduce kidney beans into your diet slowly to avoid gastrointestinal problems. Interestingly, this is related to a toxin in the beans - if you didn't cook the beans for at least 10 minute before eating them, you'd have even worse problems. They are 14g carbs per half cup, with another 7g of fiber in there.
Bean Carb Charts
Bean Sprouts Information
Lisa Shea's Library of Low Carb Books

domain: food


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- If you have been searching for 20 minutes without finding what you need, get help from a librarian.
- Keep track of citation info throughout the research and writing process. Visit the library's citation guide if you need help!
- Searching takes patience.If you don’t find what you need, try changing where or how you look for the info.
- Scan what you have found so far to find out what you still need.
Need help? Ask a librarian!
Getting Started with Public Relations Research
This guide highlights the University Library's resources for public relations research, including finding databases and web sites on your topic. In addition, there is a section on videos.
Use the catalog to find books on public relations. We have printed books as well as e-books. Use the Advanced Search feature and put in "public relations" in the search box. Change the field box to "SUBJECT". Hit "Submit" for results. Also, try clicking the "Related Subjects" link to find subject headings that are similar or complementary to public relations, like marketing. To get a broader search, simply put in "public relations" in the search box to see what comes up.
Books on Public Relations
Below are some of the books the Library has on PR. Search the Library Catalog for more.

domain: library


Car parking charges in local authority car parks and on the streets of Mayo towns should show uniformity right across the county, according to Independent Cllr Richard Finn.
He raised the matter at the monthly meeting of Claremorris Municipal District, during which councillors passed bylaws for parking in their area.
Cllr Finn says that in different Municipal Districts, there are different parking charges.
He cited the recent controversy where West Mayo opted to have no car parking charges on the streets of Westport, one of the county’s largest and busiest towns.
He told the meeting that he feels there needs to be uniformity on parking charges throughout the county, so there can be clarity for the general public parking in any town.


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so that we can show you the most relevant content.
There may be no crying in baseball, but there’s certainly corporate welfare.
When teams take the field for Opening Day this year, many of them will be playing on the taxpayers’ dime—literally. For decades now, lawmakers at every level of government have been forking over millions of hardworking residents’ money to build stadiums for billionaire team owners.
The amount of tax money lawmakers eagerly fork over to keep teams happy can be staggering. The Yankees, for example, should consider themselves the luckiest team alive, considering the amount of taxpayer money they raked in to help build their new stadium. The $1.2 billion in government handouts and tax breaks they got should be the shame of the Yankees.
Not to be outdone, the Miami Marlins have hit the grand slam of corporate welfare deals. Their stadium has cost taxpayers a cool $2.4 billion in corporate welfare over the past four decades. A tab like that should have Miami taxpayers shouting, “You’re killing me, Smalls!”
Taxpayer-subsidized ballparks aren’t limited to the east coast. Baseball teams across the country, including the Rangers, Phillies, Brewers and Padres, got hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars to build their stadiums.
Taxpayer funding of stadiums isn’t limited to the big leagues either. Floridians and Arizonans have been stuck with the bill for spring training stadiums, and even minor league teams throughout the country are hitting up local lawmakers for new ballparks.
Lawmakers are eager to foot the bill for ballparks because they mistakenly believe if they build it, benefits will come. But the scouting report on stadium subsidies isn’t good.
Countless studies show stadium subsidies strike out more often than they knock it out of the park. The reality is that big, taxpayer-funded bets on stadiums just don’t pay out.
Every dollar spent on subsidizing stadiums for wealthy teams is a dollar that can’t be spent on schools, roads, public safety and more. Instead of using taxpayer money to keep billionaire team owners happy, lawmakers need to start being responsible with their constituents’ money.
Tell lawmakers it’s time to throw stadium subsidies out of the game.
Receive email alerts to learn how to get involved


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Somehow, incredibly, I have missed these sweet performances by the Staten Island P.S. 22 Chorus. The chorus was started by a 2nd grade teacher, Mr. Breinberg (Mr. B, of course) who wanted to teach the kids popular songs, songs they would relate to. He put a few videos up on YouTube, started a blog, and the way these viral Cinderella stories go, the kids were soon singing with the likes of Tori Amos and making Stevie Nicks cry.
Well, who wouldn't cry? In a New York Times article, Mr. B says,
"There’s a great feeling in seeing these kids — some of whom have been abused, neglected, who have nothing to look forward to when they get home — and knowing that when they come in to my class to sing, you can just see the depth of their emotional experience come through."And does it ever come through. I love this about music. When these kids sing the lines But time makes you bolder/ children get older/ I'm getting older too, you can see that it hits some of them deeply and they sing it straight from the core. Music gives us a place to take our experiences, give them a voice, and send them flying. It also brings us together, and helps us realize that while we all come from vastly different places in our lives, we can sing the same song. Deeply. Boldly. And if we let it, sharing that song can change who we are.


RPS Systems is part of Maru Systems International. RPS Systems is an innovatie company, located in the Amsterdam area in the Netherlands, specialised in off-grid systems and energy technology. It’s experience of a number of years in various fields has resulted in a broad knowledge with regard to energy savings. This knowledge has lead to innovative products such as a patented energy saving daylight programme system and a hybrid generator that saves up to 40% fuel.
Because of the development of this system, back in 2012 Maru Systems has been declared the most innovative entrepreneur in the district Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
Built on the experience gained supplying power solutions for the marine and automotive industry, RPS Systems strives to deliver, efficient, low carbon, grid quality power solutions for people in places where connecting to the National Grid is not possible, too expensive or too complicated. We have applied our expertise to develop smart technology that delivers affordable, high performance solutions. Our systems can combine conventional power generation with renewable resources like solar PV and wind power where the result is a unique and innovative tailored solution for independent energy needs.
If you are looking to build your own home and want an alternative to hooking up to the National Grid, or your existing home has been reliant upon expensive generator power for many years and you’re looking to lower your ongoing energy costs, we can help, no matter how remote your location.


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review – this anti-snoring mouthpiece is designed for anyone You can a single device for $46.95, two of them for $66.95,
snoring devices amazon : snoring devices amazon
Common origine of snoring Lifestyle change to help you immobile snoring Quit smoking. If you smoke, your chances of snoring are high. Smoking irritates the tégument indium the à nous and throat which can block the airways and cause snoring. While quitting is easier said than done, it can bring quick snoring relief. Keep bedroom air moist. Dry air can irritate pelure indium the nose and throat, so if swollen nasal tissues are the problem, a humidifier may help. Self-help strategies juridiction snoring
can exercise reduce snoring
Drinking a significant amount of alcohol relaxes the throat muscles. When these muscles relax, they are more likely to vibrate. An allergic reaction may lead to congestion and blocked airways. This can make snoring worse. Cut down alcohol and cigarettes. If you drink alcohol habitually, especially before bed that might be the cause of your snoring. Drinking alcohol est couple of hours before you giga-octets to bed relaxes your throat muscles, causing you to snore. Regular smokers are also likely to snore. Smoking irritates your throat tissues leading to inflammation, that results indium snores. There are est couple of ways to deal with snoring. Some medical and some natural. Medical treatment is usually recommended for extreme scenarios.
home remedies for kharate ou mouthpiece for sleep apnea cvs
Lowering tobacco consumption, as it can help reduce inflammation and fluid retention in the upper airway, allowing juridiction easier breathing. Snore Table If you’ve had issue with sinuses, correctif your nasal passage before sleep can help continuellement snoring. How to Prevent Snoring Being able to identify why snoring occurs is the first marche towards knowing how to loi snoring. While est doctor is top suited to identify the true cause of your causing, there are certain common emploi in terms of how you snore, that can help pinpoint the cause.
home remedies for kharate : snoring devices amazon
surgery (generally on the back of the throat and roof of the mouth, mais the nose if applicable, using est variety of apparat including scalpel, laser, mais microwaves); The latter method is the treatment of choice juridiction sleep apnea. If you are diagnosed with this condition, it is imperative that you pursue treatment aggressively; untreated sleep apnea will lead to daytime dysfunction and puts you at est higher risk juridiction vascular disease.
snoring devices amazon et mouthpiece for sleep apnea cvs
Now, can you make the same noise with your mouth closed? If yes, you are a mouth breather. Eyebright mouth spray For the sake of both yourself and others, you might be indium need of est few snoring remedies. First and foremost: you’re far from alone. In fact, it’s estimated that nearly 45% of the adult population snores on occasion and we’re willing to bet that for est great number of those folks, it’s more than just occasion. Of course, no zieuter where you land the spectrum, it’s important to figure out how to étape snoring before the problem gets any worse. Solutions include: Solutions include: Figuring out which type of snorer you are can help you to discover how to repos snoring. Chin-up strips Eyebright nasal spray Enter our following guide, which includes snoring domicile remedies, medical treatments, and pretty much everything indium between.

domain: medical


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WEIGHT: 49 kg
Sex services: Massage classic, Role Play & Fantasy, Fisting vaginal, French Kissing, Dinner Dates
Allen as its foreign-policy and national-security adviser. Allen, the former assistant to the President for national-security affairs, remains a consultant to the Presidential advisory board on foreign intelligence. He is also a ''distinguished fellow'' of the Heritage Foundation, a conservative research institution with close ties to the Reagan Administration. For all of these august titles, Allen, at 46, is now a man on the periphery of power. While the reasons that Presidential advisers get into trouble vary widely, they may involve lack of judgment often the case , outright larceny rare and past activities that come to light after an official reaches the White House fairly frequent.
Ironically, in Richard Allen's departure was sown the seeds of the stunning resignation of Alexander M. Haig as Secretary of State six months later. Haig got rid of a rival when Allen left, but as part of the shuffle, the power of the President's national-security adviser was restored to its traditional level. Allen had reported to Presidential counselor Edwin Meese 3d. Allen's successor, William P.
Clark Jr. And, by most accounts, Clark's growing power was a key factor in Haig's decision to quit. Other members of President Reagan's inner circle have recently been the focus of embarrassing allegations: A Federal special prosecutor found ''insufficient credible evidence'' to indict Secretary of Labor Raymond J. Donovan or to link him to organized-crime figures. A key witness in the inquiry was found murdered in a car trunk in Lower Manhattan, leaving an untidy loose end to the affair that is still under investigation by the Justice Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
President Reagan has declared that he would ''stick with'' Mr. Donovan, but for how long is a matter of much conjecture. Joseph W. Rockefeller and Donald M. Koll, a California developer, neither of whom seemed to require any immediate interest payments. Canzeri, who was a deputy assistant to the President, also submitted expense claims for the same trips to both the Federal Government and the Republican National Committee.
The Justice Department later absolved Canzeri on both counts, and he reimbursed the Government for his trips. When the storm broke, Canzeri, an old political hand who had worked for Nelson A.

domain: politics


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Discover a dozen succulents that can withstand drought and require little upkeep.
Amount of Light
More water is required by succulents that receive 10 or more hours of direct sunlight than by those that receive less. Because they receive more sunlight and are exposed to harsher environments, outdoor plants typically require more water than those kept indoors.
Plants in high-humidity and cooler regions will require less regular watering since they can retain moisture for a longer amount of time than plants in hot, dry conditions. In Phoenix, are your succulents in direct sunlight on a patio? Consider watering every day. On a terrace in San Francisco, are they partially in the sun? You might just need to water once every two or three weeks.
Which succulents require more water—and why?
More water is required by some succulent species than others. When they require more water, the majority will start to wrinkle and start to drop leaves. However, you shouldn’t give your succulents too much water. Simply look at the soil’s surface to see if it needs to be watered if it is entirely dry. Make careful to wet the soil completely, and then give it time to dry. Wait until the soil is completely dry before watering it again.
Underwater is always preferable to overwater. Therefore, for those who are just starting out, we advise watering once every two weeks at first, then watching how your succulents respond and adjusting the watering schedule as necessary. It may seem difficult to figure out whether your succulents are overwatered or underwater, but it is possible.
How frequently do most succulents require watering?
During the months that are not winter, when the temperature is above 40 degrees, you should water your succulents every other week. You should only water your succulent once a month in the winter (when the temperature falls below 40 degrees), as it goes dormant at this period.
A few situations constitute an exception to this rule. Because their tiny leaves can’t hold as much water as other varieties with larger leaves, some varieties of succulents need to be watered more frequently. In the non-winter months, feel free to give these small leaf succulents a water if they appear to be thirsty. When they are thirsty, succulents generally exhibit a wrinkled appearance. But always keep in mind that being underwater is preferable to being overwater.
A succulent need how much water each week?
Indoor succulent plants probably need to be watered once a week. They require ample time for the soil to dry out in between waterings so that the water may be stored in the leaves. Use the following methods and advice while watering succulent plants inside.
- Use an irrigation system with a little pour spout.
- Fill the succulent plant’s center with water until it is completely submerged.
- Allow water to completely drain out of the pot through the perforations. Make careful to empty any water that seeps through the soil if there is a saucer underneath the plant.
- Since there won’t be enough heat and fresh airflow for the leaves to dry when planted indoors, avoid soaking the leaves to prevent rot from the top down.
- Dry the soil completely in between waterings.
How frequently ought jade to be watered?
Because jade plants are succulents (they store water in their leaves), they do better when their top 1 to 2 inches of soil are allowed to dry out between waterings. Watering once every two to three weeks will probably be necessary indoors, but make sure to check often! The plants are receiving too much water, therefore reduce the frequency and amount of watering if you notice blisters appearing on the leaves.
If you’ve put your jade plants outside for the summer, bring them inside if it’s predicted to rain continuously for more than a few days straight to prevent them from becoming waterlogged. You can do this beneath the porch or in the garage. Jade plants will develop more slowly in the winter and may require less frequent watering.
What amount of water does a succulent need?
Only water succulents when the soil has totally dried up. There isn’t a standard watering schedule that applies to all succulents in all environments.
Many indoor succulent growers discover that watering their plants every 14 to 21 days keeps them healthy. Use this timeline as a guide and make adjustments if necessary.
The earliest symptoms of underwatering on the leaves are the greatest time to water your succulents. To see what that looks like, have a look at the cheat sheet above.
The best course of action is to wait for a signal from your succulent before watering because most succulents are particularly susceptible to rot with regular watering.
And keep in mind how crucial it is to monitor your watering routine. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve assumed that I haven’t watered in a while, just to discover that it was only a few days ago thanks to my notes in the Succulent Tracker app (Apple | Android).
In this video, learn about a several factors that could influence how frequently you water your succulents:
If my succulent lacks water, how can I tell?
Succulents are better off dry than wet, but that doesn’t mean you can ignore the need to water them. In fact, the plant needs water to survive, and much like people, it will exhibit dehydration symptoms. Your succulent clearly needs extra water if its leaves are wrinkled and shriveled.
The cells attempt to bring in more water to make up for the water that has been lost as they release their stored moisture to the rest of the plant. The cells shrink as they run out of water and the plant is forced to rely on its limited reserves, which causes the once-firm and full leaves to collapse and shrivel.
Do succulents need to be in the sun directly?
1. Ensure that your succulents receive adequate light. Depending on the type, succulents need six hours of sunlight each day because they are light-loving plants. You might need to gradually expose newly planted succulents to full sun exposure or give shade with a translucent screen because they can burn in direct sunshine.
A succulent can survive without water for how long?
In general, succulents that are grown indoors or outdoors during the cooler months will need less water. They can go without water for one to three months.
Indoor succulents will be less exposed to the weather outside because the soil dries out more quickly outside than it does indoors due to the wind and sunlight.
The soil remains moist for extended periods of time in milder climes, typically fall and winter.
To avoid overwatering indoor plants during the cooler months, read more about our toothpick test here.
To avoid root rot, it’s crucial to examine the soil before watering indoor succulent plants and to make sure it is completely dry between waterings.
- Water flowing downward till it exits the pot’s drainage hole from above: Succulents respond well to this kind of watering, which is the norm for most houseplants. Run a moderate, constant trickle of room-temperature water over the top layer of the soil in your succulent plant using a watering can or cup that has been filled. Your indication to quit is when water begins to flow from the pot’s drainage hole. Give the plant 15 minutes to absorb the last of the moisture. After that, empty any remaining liquid from the tray into the sink.
- If your succulent’s soil is tightly packed and not appearing to be uniformly absorbing your top watering, you can try the bottom-watering method. The horticulture and owner of the Planthood store in Amsterdam, Monai Nailah McCullough, says that watering succulents from the top can occasionally cause damage to the roots. Watering it from the bottom allows it to slowly and effectively consume enough water. Put your succulent(s) in a shallow dish, plastic container, or tray that is 2 to 3 inches deep with water to bottom water them. Allow them to soak in the water for five to fifteen minutes, or until the top of the soil feels just damp to the touch. Refill as necessary.
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- Mist its leaves: Succulents are not among the plant species that benefit from a good misting, although some do. Mirroring a plant’s natural surroundings is essential to ensuring its happiness in captivity. Additionally, because they are native to dry regions with low humidity, succulents are unaccustomed to having wet leaves. Thompson notes that “the water can get trapped and develop fungal concerns.” There is basically no point since they aren’t used to being sprayed.
- Put it in a container with no drainage opening: Drainage holes act as a pathway for water that your plant is unable to absorb. Succulents definitely need it because they are so sensitive to overwatering.
- Use ice cubes: Some plant owners use ice cubes to give their plants a more gentle and controlled soak because they disseminate a tiny amount of water very slowly. Again, though, if the goal is to simulate the succulent’s natural desert habitat, giving them something very cold makes little sense and might even startle them.
- Water it less frequently, but more often: You should give your succulent a deep soak rather than a light misting every few days.
Why keep dying my succulent plants?
Overwatering and poorly draining soils are the main causes of succulent deaths. Succulents need the soil to dry out between waterings because they are drought-tolerant plants. Succulents get root rot in wet soil, which turns their leaves brown, black, or yellow and gives them a withering appearance.
While overwatering is the most frequent cause of dying succulents, there are several other potential causes as well:
Succulent plants typically die back when they are kept in environments that are drastically different from their native habitat.
Replicating some of the minimal rainfall, full or partial sun exposure, and stony, well-draining soil conditions will help revive dying succulents.
What if I gave my succulent too much water?
Even though you believe you have overwatered the plant, it is still best to check to make sure this is the real problem. Let’s examine the following to confirm that overwatering is the primary issue.
How does the soil appear, first?
It is damp and filled with water. Instead of individual soil grains, you will receive clumps of soil.
What are the initial indications of overwatering?
A succulent may frequently exhibit certain warning signals before to drowning from excess water so that you can save it before things get worse. Take action right now to save your succulent if you see any of the following symptoms in your plant.
- Discoloration and a change in the form of the leaves are the first indications of overwatering that you should look out for. The leaves will begin to turn yellow or pale (beginning at the bottom), soft, and squishy, as you can see.
- The second warning sign to watch out for is if your succulent starts to lose its leaves very easily, even with a small touch or sway as it fills up with water.
- You’ll notice that the leaves start to turn brown or black if overwatering persists. When this starts to occur, your succulent is either rotting or infected with a fungal illness brought on by too much water.
Discoloration and a change in the shape of the leaves are the first indications of overwatering that you should look out for.
3. Describe the appearance of a wilting succulent.
A decaying succulent will have stems that are either brown or black and squishy, as well as black leaves that begin at the base of the plant. All of these are signs that your succulent is already decaying from the roots up as a result of too much water, and if you don’t act quickly, the plant will soon turn into a mushy mess.
The lower leaves of a decomposing succulent will appear to be black. Image source: succulents101
Are succulents able to endure shade?
Your aim is to provide as much sun as they can bear without burning because light improves the development, form, color, and blossoms of succulents (and other plants, for that matter).
Below in my gallery of outdoor shade succulents, I’ve ID’d each one along with how much shade it wants, abbreviated PS, BS or FS.
Adjust my three types of shade according to your own location. Closer to the water and farther from the desert, succulents can withstand more solar exposure. These are primarily for Zone 9b (inland Southern California), where I have planted a variety of succulents for shade for the past 25 years.
Part shade (PS)
This is sometimes referred to as semi-shade and consists of bright shade for the majority of the day and full sun for a few hours in the early morning or late afternoon. “Dappled light” or “dappled sun” that glimmers through a canopy of leaves can also be considered part shade.
Bright shade (BS)
This is side-facing indirect light that reaches plants when they are placed beneath eaves, shelves, tables, or trees. Bright shade, often known as “filtered light,” is common in greenhouses, nurseries, lath houses, shade structures, as well as under patio umbrellas and sun sails.
Full shade (FS)
If any sunlight reaches plants in full darkness (also known as “deep shade”), it is weak and fleeting. Some succulents, like sansevierias, can survive in complete darkness, but for the most part, they require some sun to grow and look their best.


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