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US 4919793 A
This invention is an improvement of the prior art in that the properties, as well as the molecular structure of the coker heater charge material are altered by hydrogeneration under conidtions of pressure and temperature typically operated for a conventional delayed coking process. Hydrogeneation of the heater charge material is accomplished in a soaking pipe provided with static mixers for up to 90 minutes fluid residence time thereby improving the quality and yields of products from the process.
1. In a delayed coking process comprising of a coker fractionator, coker heater and coke drums wherein a coker fresh feed consisting of petroleum hydrocarbon derivatives from various refining processes is thermally processed in said heater and coke drums producing green coke, hydrocarbons and gases, the improvement comprising
adding hydrogen-rich gas in the absence of a catalyst to the coker heater charge material in a soaking pipe with a fluid residence time in the range of about 10 to 90 minutes in an amount in the range of about 30 to 300 SCF per barrel of the heater charge material under an inlet hydrogen partial pressure in the range of about 200 to 650 psig from an inlet operating temperature in the range of about 400 outlet operating temperature in the range of about 50 250 minimize a formation of converted asphaltenes and feeding the coker heater feed material thus hydrogenated directly into said coker heater without separating any constituents from said heater feed material thereby improving the quality and yields of products from the process.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said soaking pipe is a series of pipes mounted on a vertical position with internally mounted static mixing elements located immediately after each return bend thereby minimizing stratification of the gaseous and liquid phases and assuring homogeneous two-phase flow operation at low fluid velocity and low fluid pressure drop.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said petroleum hydrocarbon derivatives from various refining processes is selected from the group consisting of vacuum distillation residue oil, atmospheric reduced crude oil, asphalt, heavy fuel oil, tar sand bitumen and mixture thereof producing green coke suitable for fuel grade coke and aluminum anode grade coke.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein 0.5 to 4.4 volume % catalytic cracker decant oil is blended to said petroleum hydrocarbon derivatives thereby reducing substantially the shot coke formed with said green coke.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein premium stocks selected from the group consisting of catalytic cracker decant oil, thermal tar residue, coal tar residue, ethylene tar residue, shale oil residue and mixture thereof is blended with said petroleum hydrocarbon derivatives of low heteroatoms content consisting of vacuum distillation residue oil, atmospheric reduced crude oil, heavy fuel oil and mixture thereof thereby producing premium grade coke from lower quality admixes of coker fresh feeds.
A prior art delayed coking process currently practiced in the industry is illustrated in FIG. 1. The coker fresh feed from line 11, consisting primarily of petroleum hydrocarbon derivatives from various refining processes, e.g., vacuum distillation residue oil, catalytic cracker decant oil, thermal tar residue, coal tar residue, ethylene tar residue, shale oil residue, asphalt, heavy fuel oil, tar sand bitumen and the like, or combination thereof, is preheated in a series of heat exchangers represented by exchanger 1. The fresh feed may also have been preheated from the process units where it originated. In this case, previously preheated fresh feed 12 bypasses exchanger 1. Nonetheless, coker fresh feed from line 13 enters the bottom of fractionator 2 at a temperature range of 400
In the primary bottom section of fractionator 2 consisting of the heavy gas oil draw-off tray, shed decks, and fractionator liquid bottoms accumulator directly below the shed decks, the natural heavy recycle oil represented by stream 14 is separated from the coke drum overhead vapor 21 and then combines with the coker fresh feed 13 in fractionator 2 liquid bottoms accumulator. The combined natural heavy recycle oil stream 14 and coker fresh feed 13, commonly referred to as the coker heater charge material, at approximately 420 fractionator 2 liquid bottoms accumulator via line 17. It is then pressured at approximately 350 to 550 psig by heater charge pump 6 into line 18 through the heating tubes of coker heater 7.
In the most recent development of prior art delayed coking process, refineries sought reduction of green coke yield by minimizing the natural heavy recycle oil stream 14 as part of the heater charge material and partially replacing it with light gas oil. The light gas oil used in this configuration is a portion of the light distillate product from line 26 that is admixed with the coker fresh feed 11 or 12. The coker heater charge material in this configuration therefore, consists of the combination of the coker fresh feed, recycled light gas oil, and natural heavy recycle oil.
In another development of the prior art, the natural heavy recycle oil stream 14 from fractionator 2 liquid bottoms accumulator is pumped to another refinery process unit. The coker fresh feed combines with the recycled light gas oil and the combination thereof is heated and pumped through the coils of the coker heater. The heater charge material in this configuration therefore, consists only of the heated fresh feed and the recycled light gas oil--that is, without the natural heavy recycle oil.
There are other configurations in prior art delayed coking involving the elimination of the natural heavy recycle oil, but it is clear and accepted by those who practice the art that the coker heater charge material consists primarily of the coker fresh feed. For clarity therefore, the coker heater charge material consisting of the coker fresh feed, with or without the natural heavy recycle oil, with or without the recycled light gas oil, and with or without any diluents, from fractionator 2 liquid bottoms accumulator as represented by line 18, or directly from the coker fresh feed line 13 for the case of aforementioned configuration where the natural heavy recycled oil or stream 14 is pumped to another unit, is referred to hereinafter as the "coker heater charge" material.
The coker heater effluent of approximately 920 fed to coke drum 10 wherein the green coke produced is allowed to accumulate within a coking cycle of approximately 24 hours. After this cycle time, coking operation is switched to coke drum 9 through a three-way valve 8 and the previously filled drum 10 is emptied of its accumulated green coke. Produced from coke drum 9 or 10 is an overhead vapor transferred to fractionator 2 via line 21. This coke drum overhead vapor product in essence is the net fractionator 2 products in combination with the natural heavy recycle oil, or stream 14.
The net fractionator 2 products consist of gases, i.e, H.sub.2, H.sub.2 S, CO, H.sub.2 O, etc; light hydrocarbons vapor, or methane to butanes; and hydrocarbons consisting of pentanes to heavy gas oil fraction with a TBP end cut point of approximately 800 products separated in fractionator 2 are represented by stream numbers 27 (heavy gas oil), 26 (light gas oil), 25 (unstabilized naphtha), and 24 (fractionator overhead vapors). The natural heavy recycle oil, or stream 14, is a hydrocarbons fraction of the coke drum overhead vapor product heavier than the heavy gas oil fraction with a TBP initial cut point of 800 natural heavy recycle oil is considered to have medium aromatics in its molecular structure as typically represented by its properties, e.g., 8.7.degree. API, 11.0 UOP K, and 15 cks viscosity at 210 should be noted that the TBP cut point at 800 gas oil fraction and natural heavy recycle oil fraction is controlled in the shed decks of fractionator 2 primary bottom section. This cut point in turn, controls the flow rate and properties of the natural heavy recycle oil.
The nozzle of line 21 connected to fractionator 2 is positioned between the shed decks and the maximum liquid level of the liquid bottoms accumulator in fractionator 2. This positioning enables the hot vapor from line 21 at about 820 pumparound return from exchanger 5 via line 16. This cooling process occuring in the shed decks condenses the natural heavy recycle oil stream 14 which then combines with the coker fresh feed from line 13, or otherwise pumped out to other refinery units without combining with the coker fresh feed.
Emanating from the shed decks is stream 15, the net vapor fractionator 2 products in combination with the vaporized heavy gas oil pumparound. The first draw-off tray above the shed decks is heavy gas oil (HGO) product along with the HGO pumparound liquid. The HGO product fraction with a boiling range of about 600 other units in the refinery via line 27 while the HGO pumparound liquid is returned and cooled in exchanger 5 and then distributed into the shed decks of fractionator 2 via line 16.
The second draw-off tray above the HGO draw-off tray is product light gas oil (LGO) fraction with a boiling range of about 270 690 This fraction is used in the aforementioned latest configurations of the prior art to partially, or totally, replace the natural heavy recycle oil.
Overhead vapors from line 22 of fractionator 2 is cooled in aircooler 3 and the condensed liquid light hydrocarbons, commonly known as unstabilized naphtha with a boiling range up to approximately 420 separated from the fractionator overhead vapor product 24 in accumulator drum 4. Vapors from line 24 is transferred to other units in the refinery for recovery of light hydrocarbons. A major portion of the unstabilized naphtha is refluxed to the top tray of fractionator 2 while the net product unstabilized naphtha from line 25 is pumped to other units in the refinery for further fractionation or processing.
Coke quality is well known to practitioners of the art as largely feedstock-related. For example, vacuum distillation residue oil from various blends of crude stocks with high heteroatoms such as sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, vanadium, sodium and the like, and particularly coker feeds with high asphaltenes content produce green coke with properties suitable only for fuel use. This coke is therefore referred to as fuel grade coke. Green cokes produced from crude stocks with relatively lower heteroatoms, lower asphaltenes contents, and higher aromatics content, are normally suitable as a raw material for the manufacture of electrolytic aluminum anodes. This green coke, invariably referred to as regular or anode grade coke, is known to impart high electrical conductivity in aluminum electrolytic anodes, but its mechanical strength is not emphasized. Thermally processed coker fresh feeds such as, decant oil from a catalytic cracker unit, thermal tar residue from a thermal cracking unit, ethylene tar residue from an ethylene synthesis unit, and others which are known to have high aromatic content, little or no heteroatoms, and little or no asphaltenes content, are used to produce the so-called premium or needle coke. Graphitized electrolytic anode produced from premium green coke, suitable for the manufacture of steel, has lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), greater strength and higher electrical conductivity than anode grade coke.
With the proliferation of heavy crude stocks mainly characterized by its high heteroatoms, very high asphaltenes content, and little or no aromatics content, a large number of refineries have been producing green cokes from vacuum residue oil which are hard and spherical in physical appearance. This type of green coke produced in prior art delayed coking units is commonly referred to as "shot coke"--a term derived from its physical appearance resembling a buck shot. Shot coke, sold for fuel grade coke, is undesirably produced in commercial delayed coking units, but its anomaly appears to have been the inability of prior art delayed coking process to economically minimize its formation in the coke drum.
While shot coke is accomodated in coking operations, the main difficulty expressed in the industry is the failure of prior art delayed coking process to reduce the green coke yield and improve the hydrocarbons yield while minimizing or avoiding the formation of shot coke. Practitioners in the art have concluded that these desirable objectives can not be accomplished simultaneously.
Highly aromatic diluents such a the catalytic cracker decant oil when blended with vacuum distillation residue oil, are found to be effective in avoiding shot coke. However, at an effective blending rate of 5 to 15 volume %, and without the added incentive of improving the hydrocarbons yield, this mode of operation is not practiced in the industry.
For obvious economic reasons therefore, refiners have been allowing the formation of shot coke while increasing the hydrocarbons yield by one or combination of the following: (1), high coker heater effluent temperature; (2), low coke drum overhead pressure; and (3), partial or total replacement of the natural heavy recycle oil with recycled light gas oil.
An improvement in prior art delayed coking process has now been discovered and is hereby disclosed in the following Description of the Preferred Embodiment whereby aforementioned items (1), (2), and (3) can now be practiced to improve the hydrocarbons yield and reduce the green coke yield while simultaneously minimizing or avoiding shot coke formation. These objectives are accomplished by hydrogenating the coker heater charge material under conditions of pressure and temperature already existing in the prior art. Blending with decant oil at a lower rate than the prior art, or approximately 0.5 to 4.4 volume %, also reduces shot coke formation, but its use is an operational decision based on other considerations as discussed hereunder. Improvements in coke quality, hydrocarbons properties and gas distribution are also inherently accomplished. The present invention therefore is a process for improving the products' quality and yields from delayed coking.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a representative embodiment of this invention where like numbers 1 through 27 are designated for items which are also common in FIG. 1. Additional numbers 28 through 31 are specifically assigned for FIG. 2 designating those items representing the aforementioned improvement for this invention.
Blending of catalytic cracker decant oil with vacuum distilled residue oil at lesser rates than the prior art in order to substantially reduce shot coke production, is possible only with hydrogenation. Decant oil alone does not reduce the green coke yield, nor does it improve the hydrocarbons yield, but it is particularly useful in the coker heater charge material since it acts as a good solvent for the proper operation of the heater. Decant oil in this invention is used to further reduce shot coke production for the same hydrogen consumption. But it is emphasized that decant oil is not required if the green coke has acceptable quality when using the same fluid residence time and hydrogen consumption for yield improvement.
Referring now to FIG. 2, decant oil from line 28 may, and may not be blended to the coker fresh feed lines 11 or 12. The blending rate for reducing shot coke production varies from 0.5 to 4.4 volume % of the coker fresh feed rate, depending on aforementioned economic considerations.
For an operating case where the coker unit is dedicated to producing needle coke (i.e., the unit is exclusively bringing in from line 11 premium fresh feeds such as catalytic decant oil, thermal tar residue, coal tar residue, ethylene tar residue, shale oil, and combination thereof), it is now possible in this process to blend low quality feedstocks such as reduced crudes, or vacuum residue oil with low sulfur and metals content with said premium stocks and produce cokes of comparable or acceptable properties as the ones produced from pure premium stocks. This is otherwise not possible, or uneconomical, or the coke quality produced is unpredictable, in prior art delayed coking process. Hydrogenation in a soaking pipe as defined herein in this specification therefore, improves coke quality from poor quality fresh feeds consisting of various blends or mixtures of premium and anode grade fresh feeds.
The coker fresh feed for all cases of operations, with and without decant oil, on its way to fractionator 2 primary bottoms section, undergo the same operations as previously described for FIG. 1. The pumped coker heater charge material from line 18 is then mixed with hydrogen-rich gas from line 30 and hence, the admixture is fed to soaking pipe 31. The resulting hydrogenated coker heater charge in line 29 from soaking pipe 31 is fed to coker heater 7 and thereafter, becomes an integral part of prior art delayed coking operation. For purposes of clarity, the hydrogenated coker heater charge from line 29, with and without the natural heavy recycle oil, with and without the recycled light gas oil, with and without any diluent, and with and without the blended decant oil, is referred to hereinafter as the "coker heater feed". It is emphasized that if the hydrogen-rich gas in line 30 is not added to the coker heater charge material, the coker heater feed material in line 29 and the coker heater charge material in line 18 are equivalent and can only be considered as one material.
The "coker heater feed" material therefore is a hydrogenated "coker heater charge" material, it is not heated in furnace tubes, and its constituents include unreacted hydrogen and inert gases along with vaporized light hydrocarbons. Whereas, the "coker heater charge" material, as defined in aforementioned discussion of the prior art, is not hydrogenated and contains no gases whatsoever. The extent of hydrogenation, or the efficiency of hydrogenation, or the rate of hydrogen gas consumption or absorption, or the rate at which hydrogen gas is chemically combined with the coker heater charge material, will depend on the most desirable operating ranges of hydrogen partial pressure, heater charge or inlet operating temperature, and the installed fluid residence time for the soaking pipe.
For adequate hydrogenation of the coker heater charge material, the hydrogen partial pressure in soaking pipe 31 can be operated within the range of 200 and 1,200 psig. The high range is desirable, but for compatibility with conventional delayed coking, the inlet hydrogen partial pressure is specified within the range of 200 to 650 psig. This variable is dependent upon the pressure drop in the soaking pipe and heater tubes and therefore limited by the pressure rating requirements of the heater charge hydraulic system.
The other variable necessary for the proper reaction of hydrogen gas is temperature. The most desirable heater charge or inlet operating temperature is within the range of 530 can be extended between 400 temperature ranges already existing in conventional delayed coking and therefore, impose a limit to the process. It is emphasized that the coker heater feed material from the soaking pipe would have considerably lower temperature than the heater charge or inlet temperature due to overall endothermic type reactions and pipe heat losses to atmosphere. Total drop in temperature can be as much as 50 varies accordingly along the length of the soaking pipe. This continuously declining temperature avoids or minimizes formation of converted asphaltenes in the soaking pipe--a distinctly different and advantageous process than heated tubes within a furnace.
Another variable influencing the rate of hydrogen gas consumption is the installed fluid residence time for soaking pipe 31. Fluid residence time is hereinafter referred to as the quotient from the ratio of the soaking pipe internal volume with the combined volumetric rates of the hydrogen-rich gas and heater charge material, measured at the prevailing average pressure and temperature in the soaking pipe. For a given pipe diameter therefore, longer soaking pipe increases the fluid residence time and also increases the hydrogen gas absorption. Since the hydrogen-rich gas contains inert gases, increased hydrogen-rich gas addition results to higher fluid pressure drop in the soaking pipe and heater tubes.
From the stand point of optimizing the coker yields while improving the products' quality, with and without decant oil blending, the fluid residence time installed for the soaking pipe is specified between 10 and 90 minutes; preferably at 44 minutes, in order to stay within the hydraulic limits already existing in the unit.
The rate of hydrogen-rich gas addition from line 30 is also dependent upon the installed fluid residence time for the soaking pipe. To illustrate, a 30 minutes residence time may require an addition rate of 150 SCF per barrel of heater charge material; whereas, a 15 minutes residence time may require an addition rate of 75 SCF per barrel. The actual rate specifically is determined by the fluid pressure drop through the soaking pipe and heater tubes which can be allowed by heater charge pump 6. Nonetheless, the rate of hydrogen gas addition must always be greater than the rate of hydrogen gas absorption in order to assure adequate hydrogenation of the coker heater charge material. The hydrogen-rich gas addition rate is specified in this invention to be within the range of 30 to 300 SCF per barrel of heater charge material. Purity of the hydrogen-rich gas can be as low as 50%, but a richer concentration is preferred between 70% and 99+%. High purity hydrogen-rich gases, usually available in most refineries, are desirable for low pressure drops in the soaking pipe and heater tubes.
Hydrogenation of the heater charge material below 650 selective to the hydrogen saturation of end-ring polycyclic aromatic structures commonly associated with asphaltenes and medium range polycyclic aromatics. Such hydrogenated aromatic structures, or hydroaromatics, or naphthenic ring structures, are desirably produced between 530 hydrocarbons with naphthenic ring structures which are also highly aromatic and consequently used as feedstocks for premium coke production, are: catalytic cracker decant oil, ethylene tar residue, and shale oil residue. The fact that decant oil blending with the coker fresh feed avoids shot coke formation while natural heavy recycle oil blending does not, bodes well to the principle of improving coke quality by hydrogen transfer from naphthenic ring structures. The natural heavy recycle oil is known to have medium aromatics, but has little or inadequate naphthenic rings in its molecular structure.
If hydrogenation is accomplished under soaking conditions of at least 15 minutes fluid residence time at a continuously increasing temperature, i.e., the heater charge material is being heated in a furnace above 580 and subsequent condensation of aromatic clusters would take place. Unless separated, more converted asphaltenes thus formed in the coker heater feed material would tend to deposit more coke in the heater tubes. Such polymerization reaction is thus distinctly avoided in this new process by the continuously declining fluid temperature. Furthermore, maximum selective hydrogenation of aromatics into more naphthenes or hydroaromatic constituents is assured.
Thermal cracking of petroleum based residues at temperatures above 914 cracked naphthenic rings. These are reactions in the coke drum producing low molecular weight species of medium range aromatics in the liquid phase which act as solvents and in turn, maintain a relatively low viscosity in the carbonizing medium. This then leads to production of polymerized condensed aromatic sheets as precursors for good quality green coke. Similar reaction mechanism can be applied to the minimization of coker heater tube coking tendency. Hydrogen stabilized radicals avoid the precipitation of converted asphaltenes in the tubes and thus, improve the heat transfer coefficient by reducing the viscosity of the rapidly heated fluid. However, excessive vaporization of the fluid in the heater tube due to excessive unreacted hydrogen and inert gases from the hydrogen-rich gas, pushes the reaction to precipitation of converted asphaltenes and therefore, should be avoided.
Good quality green coke is normally associated with end-user properties such as low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high electrical conductivity, and high structural strength; but is more appropriately classified by those skilled in the art in terms of the size of the green coke's optical texture as examined under a microscope. For example, premium coke exhibits >60 micrometer flow domain anisotropy; anode grade coke has 30-60 micrometer coarse flow anisotropy; and fuel grade coke predominantly exists at 0.5-1.5 micrometer fine grained mosaic to 5.0-10.0 micrometer coarse grained mosaic. It may also invariably exhibits some 60 micrometer coarse flow anisotropy. Shot coke is principally fine mosaic, and undesirably produced in prior art delayed coking process if the coker fresh feed has very high asphaltenes content. By the process of hydrogen shuttling reaction mechanism as elucidated in aforementioned discussion, this invention achieves to increase the green coke optical texture size to such an extent that its end-user property is evidently improved. Thus, CTE is reduced in premium coke, electrical conductivity is increased in anode grade coke, and buck-shot-shaped shot cokes are avoided or substantially reduced in fuel grade coke.
In so far as the improvement of hydrocarbons yield is concerned, it is clear that the opening of naphthenic rings produces more straight chain hydrocarbons, and that hydrogen capping of bimolecular radicals reduces its tendency to polymerize into more cokable precursors. Chemically combined hydrogen in the coker heater charge material therefore directly translates into more hydrocarbons yield and less green coke yield. And since the molecular structure of the heater charge material itself is chemically altered, said yield enhancements are additive to, and compatible with other inventions emphasizing upstream and downstream processing improvements requiring no chemical interactions with the coker heater charge material.
Worthy of mention furthermore, is the ability of this invention to substantially reduce shot coke formation while improving the hydrocarbons yield and reducing the green coke yield. The failure of prior art delayed coking process in accomplishing these objectives is primarily attributed to the formation of very viscous carbonizing medium in the green coke melt which is feedstock related, i.e., the coker heater charge material contains very high asphaltenes content with little or no aromatics content, and with very little or insignificant quantity of naphthenic rings in its structures. Formation of shot coke is further aggravated when vapor velocity inside the coke drum is increased by one or combination of the following in order to increase the hydrocarbons yield and reduce the green coke yield: (1), high heater effluent temperature; (2), low coke drum overhead pressure; and (3), partial or total replacement of the natural heavy recycle oil with recycled light gas oil. In the present invention, the viscous carbonizing medium and all its ramifications are altogether minimized by altering the molecular structure of the heater charge material itself. Production of naphthenic ring structures from the coker heater charge by direct non-catalytic hydrogenation is analogous to blending the shot coke forming residue oil with 5 to 15% catalytic cracker decant oil--acknowledged in the art as a sure way of avoiding shot coke.
Construction of soaking pipe 31 is specified as a series of pipes mounted on a vertical position to minimize stratification of the gaseous and liquid phases. Assurance of homogeneous two-phase flow operation in the dispersed flow region, at low fluid velocity and low pressure drop, is assisted by commercially available static mixing elements, rigidly installed internally, and preferably located immediately after each return bend. Without these mixing elements, the pipe diameter is sized for higher fluid velocity and consequently, higher fluid pressure drop.
Soaking pipe 31 may also be located downstream of exhanger 1 or prior to entering fractionator 2. However, aside from achieving a non-optimum operating temperature and uneconomically raising the pressure rating of the series of exchangers represented by exchanger 1, this is not a preferred embodiment for this invention because the gases, consisting of unreacted hydrogen gas and inert gases, are separated in fractionator 2 primary bottoms section. As shown in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 2, gases in the coker heater feed material from line 29 which eventually become part of the coke drum feed from line 20, lower the hydrocarbon partial pressure in the coke drum; thus, promoting vaporization of green coke precursor hydrocarbons. It is emphasized however that the present invention applies to the case of the prior art's configuration where the natural heavy recycle oil is pumped to another unit and the coker fresh feed from line 13 is used as the coker heater charge material.
Hydrogenation of the heater charge material is not limited to a soaking pipe either. A vessel with equivalent fluid residence time is just as effective, but desirable results may be unpredictable. Such a vessel for this configuration can be fitted internally with a center-mounted tower packing type fluid dispersing structure wherein the heater charge material mixes and aspirates upward with the hydrogen-rich gas for a specified once-through fluid residence time of approximately 15 minutes. This residence time can be increased by allowing the liquid therein to recirculate in the vessel and said structure. Increased circulation can be induced by increasing the aspirating gas rate which in turn, is accomplished by an external recirculating hydrogen-rich gas compressor. This compressor takes the separated used-up gases from the top of the vessel and compresses back into said internal structure along with the fresh make-up hydrogen-rich gas. The coker heater feed liquid, thoroughly hydrogenated, leaves the vessel and hence fed to the coker heater along with the used-up gases from the top of the vessel.
A simpler but less effective configuration is a large vessel fitted with a commercial high-shear type mechanical mixer or agitator capable of dispersing the hydrogen-rich gas into the coker heater charge material.
Referring back to the drawing of the preferred embodiment in FIG. 2, the hydrogenated coker heater feed liquid in combination with unreacted hydrogen gas, vaporized light hydrocarbons and inert gases, i.e., the coker heater feed material from line 29, is fed into the heating tubes of coker heater 7. Said feed material is rapidly heated to approximately 920 from line 19 is fed into one of coke drums 9 or 10 for coking reactions and production of gases, hydrocarbons, and green coke.
Aside from aforementioned differences in cracking and polymerization reactions within the heater and the coke drum, the operational steps and routing of processed materials from coke drums 9 or 10 and thereafter, to fractionator 2 and heater charge pump 6, are similar to prior art delayed coking process.
The following Example further illustrates the basic principle of, but does not limit the present invention.
TABLE 1______________________________________Non-catalytic Hydrogenation of VacuumTower Bottoms Residue Oil Original No. 1 Run No. 2 Run VTB Oil Treated Oil Treated Oil______________________________________API Gravity 4.5 4.2 4.2Specific Gravity @ 60/60 1.0403 1.0426 1.0426Wt % Conradson Carbon 23.1 13.6 13.4ResidueWt % Asphaltenes 14.0 14.0 13.4(heptane insol.)Wt % Asphaltenes 23.52 23.45 23.67(pentane insol.)Viscosity, cStokes @ 300 564.6 544.9 549.0Viscosity, cStokes @ 350 166.2 164.3 165.1Softening Point, 141.0 141.0 140.0Wt % Carbon (C) Content 85.36 84.90 85.03Wt % Hydrogen (H) Con- 9.52 9.21 9.42tentCarbon/hydrogen (C/H), 8.97 9.22 9.03Wt. ratio______________________________________
The data presented in Table 1 were obtained from a benchscale, batch reactor comprising of an insulated 3.75 inches OD and approximately 16 inches long stainless steel container of 1,993.6 mL empty volume capacity equipped with an electric heating element, pressure gauge, temperature indicator-controller and a shaking device which tilts the reactor assembly back and forth by about 45 degrees from its horizontal position at any desired speed.
There was used 467.2 mL sample of residue oil from a refinery vacuum distillation tower bottoms with properties as presented in Table 1, under the heading "Original VTB Oil", charged to said reactor and then pressured with 200 psig hydrogen gas at 130 an initial temperature of 130 at corresponding pressure of 300 psig for 35 minutes and then to 567 evenly distribute heat into the stratified mixture, the reactor assembly was then shaken for 2 minutes. This procedure dropped the temperature and pressure to about 462 continued, while the reactor assembly was being shaken, to 523 and 330 psig for 17 minutes. After which, the heating element was turned-off while vigorously shaking the reactor for 27 minutes. Consequently, the pressure and temperature of the reacted mixture at the end of this reaction period dropped to 300 psig and 440 respectively. Finally, the reaction was terminated when the reactor pressure was reduced to zero by releasing the unreacted hydrogen gas and light hydrocarbon vapors to atmosphere and allowing the reactor assembly to cool down to a pourable temperature of approximately 250 Thus, the properties of the hydrogenated liquid oil for this run is shown in Table 1 under the heading "No. 1 Run Treated Oil".
In the following run, 738.2 mL sample from the same original residue oil was used and charged to said reactor. It was then pressured with 200 psig hydrogen gas at 93 temperature of 93 shaking the reactor assembly for 21 minutes and thus, raised the hydrogen gas pressure to 268 psig. To evenly distribute heat into the stratified mixture, the reactor assembly was then very slowly shaken for 41 minutes thereby raising the temperature and pressure to 400 psig, respectively. Heat was then continued for 13 minutes without shaking the reactor to 505 Slow shaking of the reactor assembly was then resumed for 38 minutes while heat was continued. This procedure subsequently raised the temperature to 570 heating element was turned-off while vigorously shaking the reactor for 60 minutes. Consequently, the pressure and temperature of the reacted mixture at the end of this reaction period dropped to 290 psig and 394 respectively. Finally, the reaction was terminated when the reactor pressure was reduced to zero by releasing the unreacted hydrogen gas and light hydrocarbon vapors to atmosphere and allowing the reactor assembly to cool down to a pourable temperature of approximately 250 Thus, the properties of the hydrogenated liquid oil for this run is shown in Table 1 under the heading "No. 2 Run Treated Oil".
In order to prove the effect of fluid residence time in hydrogenation, aforementioned second run was repeated, but the heat-up period between the temperature of 400 period to 485 respectively. The corresponding Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) content obtained from this procedure was 20.6 weight %. At this point, it is emphasized, as is known to those who practice the art, that the CCR content of hydrocarbon materials is an indication of its tendency to polymerize into coke. In fuel and anode grade coke manufacturing, it is thus common practice to correlate weight % CCR content with weight % coke yield. Furthermore, the almost identical % CCR of the treated oils in Table 1 indicated maximum hydrogenation of the aromatic structures. Additional fluid residence time is therefore not necessary once an optimum hydrogenation has been reached.
From Table 1, aforementioned procedures show that hydrogenated oils from Run No. 1 and Run No. 2 are less viscous and somewhat denser--indicating a somewhat more aromatic content than the original VTB oil. Since the pentane and heptane insolubles are virtually unchanged, it is evident that additional heavy gas oil have not been formed and that polycondensation of aromatics in this invention is minimized or altogether avoided. Again it is emphasized, this is possible only because of the continuously declining operating temperature when the heat was turned-off during reaction. Furthermore, since significantly lower carbon residue content are obtained from the hydrotreated oils, the results indicated a hydrogen transfer reaction mechanism to the double bonds of polycondensed aromatics, i.e., the formation of more hydroaromatic or naphthenic-aromatic clusters. The higher C/H content in the treated oils indicated that hydrogen induced thermal cracking reactions of straight chain hydrocarbons attached to the aromatic clusters via an aryl--or alkyl bridge is possible even at temperatures lower than 650 hydrogen capping of straight chain hydrocarbons and absorption of hydrogen in aromatic double bonds. In the absence of hydrogen, such reaction mechanism is not possible.
Aforementioned hydrogenation results, as elucidated in this specification, bode well to significant reduction in coke yield and improvement in hydrocarbons yield. The following experimentation illustrate as well the significance of said hydrogen transfer reaction mechanism to the present invention in improving the products' quality.
Destructive distillation of heavy hydrocarbons from residue oil is analogous to coking. The procedures for conradson carbon residue content determination is in fact a severe example of destructive distillation. When samples of heavy hydrocarbons are subjected to high temperatures and considerable soaking time, rearrangement of the original molecular structure into their products coke, liquid distillates and gases, along with differences in the distillates' product quality, and characteristics, as well as difference in the gaseous products distribution, is a manifestation of the difference in their original molecular structure.
The original VTB oil and No. 1 Run Treated Oil of this Example were therefore subjected to destructive distillation at atmospheric pressure and approximately 740 about 900 of total heating time in a generally known ASTM D1160 distillation apparatus.
TABLE 2______________________________________Product Properties from Destructive Distillation Original No. 1 Run VTB Oil Treated Oil______________________________________Gas Analysis, Weight %:Hydrogen 7.40 1.98Hydrogen Sulfide 14.18 11.87Methane 42.77 43.48Ethylene 1.61 2.33Ethane 16.01 19.32Propylene & Propane 12.77 15.30Butane 2.25 2.61Isobutane 0.72 0.73Butylenes 2.29 2.38Total Weight % 100.00 100.00C.sub.5.sup.+, Distillate Properties:Gasoline CutASTM D-86 Range, 104-160TBP Range, 63-160LV % Distilled 3.31 0.00Wt % Distilled 2.48 0.00Watson K* 13.0Molecular Weight* 84.0Wt % Sulfur 0.1635Naphtha CutASTM D-86 Range, 160-360 165-360TBP Range, 160-360 120-360LV % Distilled 16.39 20.62Wt % Distilled 14.39 17.94Watson K* 12.1 12.4Molecular Weight* 116. 112.Wt % Sulfur 0.74 0.87Light Gas Oil CutASTM D-86 Range, 360-650 360-650TBP Range, 360-650 360-650LV % Distilled 45.82 50.43Wt % Distilled 47.17 50.78Watson K* 11.4 11.7Molecular Weight* 200. 232.Heavy Gas Oil CutASTM D-86 Range, 650.sup.+ 650.sup.+TBP Range, 650.sup.+ 650.sup.+LV % Distilled 34.48 28.95Wt % Distilled 35.96 31.28Watson K* 12.0 11.7Molecular Weight* 328. 318.Wt % CCR 0.80 0.15______________________________________ *Properties estimated from generally accepted engineering correlations.
The results of such experimentation to liquid and gaseous products properties are presented in Table 2. Prominent improvements in gases and C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons properties with commercial implications are also noted hereunder.
Hydrogen gas production is considerably lower from the No. 1 Run oil and has more constituents with greater molecular weights than the original oil. Propane, propylene and butanes gases have higher market value and its recoveries in the coker gas plant unit are considerably higher than ethane, ethylene and methane gases. Another advantage is lower volumetric capacity for the gas plant.
There are no significant differences in the light C.sub.5.sup.+ cuts, but the light gas oil cut has more yield from the treated oil than the original feedstock. Its density is also lighter and more paraffinic. The heavy gas oil cut from the treated oil has less yield, but heavier in density and more paraffinic than the original oil. Its lower CCR content implies that the TBP end point of the heavy gas oil cut can be higher, or that the natural heavy recycle oil rate can be lower from the treated oil than the original oil and still meet the requirements of downstream hydroprocessing.
Although the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described above, it is to be understood that modifications can be made therein and thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, which is to be limited only by the claims which follow.
In FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram showing the PRIOR ART delayed coking process.
In FIG. 2 is a designated drawing illustrating the preferred embodiment of the process of this invention.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method of improving the quality and yields of products from a delayed coking process.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The fundamental reactions involved in a delayed coking process are thermal cracking and polymerization of petroleum residues under conditions of pressure, temperature, and time. The process produces green coke, hydrocarbons and gases--the quality and quantity of which are mainly dependent upon the type and quality of the fresh feed charged into the unit. During operation, this fresh feed is rapidly heated in a coker heater above its cracking temperature, or approximately 920 within 5 minutes. Its effluent is then transferred into a large soaking vessel called a coke drum which allows the reactions to proceed for approximately 24 hours.
For obvious economic reasons, it has been the objective of a refinery, and the subject of many inventions, to increase the yield of hydrocarbons and to lower the yield of less valuable green coke. The gas yield meanwhile attains a narrow and economically insignificant range which is virtually unchanged over a given set of operating conditions in the coke drum and therefore, is given less attention in the unit. Hydrocarbons yield enhancement is specially emphasized for stocks producing fuel grade and aluminum anode grade cokes. For premium or needle cokes, the emphasis is mostly on improved end-user coke properties such as lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), higher mechanical strenght and higher electrical conductivity. For any given coker fresh feed, and any given set of operating conditions, a refiner has limited control of improving green coke quality while optimizing product yields. Among many of the most recent inventions in yield optimization are U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,455,219, 4,518,487, 4,549,934, and 4,604,186. The former first three patents emphasize partial or complete removal of the natural heavy recycle oil from the coker heater charge while the latter fourth patent teaches the blending of hydrogen donor hydrocarbons to the coker fresh feed.
The availability of heavy and low quality coker fresh feeds have given rise to the production of fuel grade green cokes which are spherical in shape. Its size may vary from a sand particle to buck shots, and invariably, up to a size as large as a basketball. It is called "shot coke" in the industry and considered undesirable, though normally tolerated, during operation. Shot coke formation tends to produce less hydrocarbons and more green coke. A more detailed discussion on the commercial significance of shot coke and its ramifications is reported in the Oil & Gas Journal, July 27, 1987, pages 51-56, "Delayed coking is topic of experience exchange".
Constituents of heavy petroleum residues typically consist of asphaltenes, resins and heavy oil. The latter is medium aromatics of approximately 2 to 4 benzene rings, 0 to 2 naphthene rings and cycloparaffins, and some attached alkyl substituents. Resins has more benzene rings and alkyl substituents than heavy oil, but asphaltenes has the most benzene rings, understably the heaviest, and the constituent where most of the green coke yield is derived. Clusters of aromatic rings of various sizes in any of these constituents may be connected by aryl and alkyl bridges which separates when thermally cracked Recombination of cracked aromatic clusters is possible, and in fact may become a precursor compound for production of more coke-forming materials. Growth of said clusters may be averted by combining with hydrogen radicals that is available in the reacting medium--commonly referred to as hydrogen capping or hydrogen stabilization. Most of the hydrogen atoms is produced by polymerization via dehydrogenation of aromatic compounds, but supplements of hydrogen radicals are also produced from thermal cracking of other hydrocarbons, e.g., naphthenes, olefins, paraffins, etc. Thus, a coker fresh feed with low hydrogen/carbon atom ratio produces more green coke and less hydrocarbons products. Current delayed coking operation has no control of increasing the hydrogen radicals except by charging the unit with lighter stocks of high hydrogen to carbon ratio or, in the case of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,385,982 and 4,604,186 for example, a suitable hydrogen donor hydrocarbon is added into the process.
Impurities in the fresh feed residue such as metals, sulfur, and other heteroatoms are transferred into the products. Weakly bonded sulfur decompose and recombine with hydrogen radicals producing hydrogen sulfide gas. More thermally stable heteroatoms, that is, those atoms deeply imbedded in the mostly aromatic molecular structure of the fresh feed, go through heat treatment in the coke drum without decomposing and hence become part of the newly formed green coke and hydrocarbons products. Current delayed coking operation has limited control of reducing these impurities except by charging the unit with a coker stock of lesser heteroatoms content. The use of catalytic hydrogenation of coker stocks to remove some of these impurities are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,963,416 and 3,817,853.
Direct catalytic hydrogenation of the coker fresh feed to reduce the green coke yield and improve the hydrocarbons yield is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,684,688, 4,358,366 and 4,394,250. Hayashi disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,312,742 a direct non-catalytic hydrogenation for improving green coke quality and for the removal of oxygen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing impurities from the coker feedstock. The process of Hayashi consists of gradually heating the fresh feed, admixed with hydrogen gas, from approximately 300 furnace tubes within 30 to 180 minutes. The residue thus hydrotreated is transferred into a settling tank where the precipitated converted asphaltenes, other insolubles, and the unreacted hydrogen gas and inert gases, are separated from the clarified residue oil which is fed into a conventional coker heater and hence, into a conventional coke drum for delayed coking. It is emphasized that Hayashi has not disclosed and teached the embodiments involved in hydrogenation without gradually heating the coker fresh feed and without using a settling tank. Hayashi's use of the furnace heating tubes and a settling tank are essential to the removal of impurities from the fresh feed and consequently, to subsequent improvement of coke quality in the coke drum.
In aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,817,853, Folkins disclosed the improvement in coke CTE and hydrocarbons yield by the catalytic hydrogenation of the coker fresh feed. Folkins further mentioned non-catalytic hydrogenation, but has not disclosed any embodiment whatsoever, as fittingly mentioned by Hayashi in aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,312,742.
According to the present invention, the process of prior art delayed coking is modified by non-catalytic hydrogenation of the heater charge material in a soaking pipe with or without any diluent, with or without the natural heavy recycle oil, and with or without the catalytic cracker decant oil, under conditions of conventional pressure and temperature typically operated for the unit. The soaking pipe upstream of the conventional coker heater is provided with a fluid residence time of 10 to 90 minutes depending on the required hydrogen gas absorption which in turn, can be reduced by blending the coker fresh feed with catalytic cracker decant oil. The objectives of this invention are to reduce the green coke yield, increase the hydrocarbons yield, minimize the formation of shot coke, improve the coke CTE and electrical conductivity, improve the gaseous products distribution and improve the quality of liquid hydrocarbons for the case of an operation involving the use of vacuum distillation residues producing fuel grade and aluminum anode grade green cokes For the case of manufacturing premium or needle coke from highly aromatic coker fresh feeds, the objective is to reduce the coke CTE, increase its electrical conductivity, and increase its mechanical strength. In essence, this invention improves the quality and yields of products from a conventional delayed coking process.

domain: chemistry


MUSIC; 70's Rock: The Bad Vibes Continue
Published: January 14, 2001
(Page 2 of 2)
So if the Bangs character is used as the naysaying voice of doom and disaffection, it is then left to Rod Stewart's 1971 tune ''Every Picture Tells a Story'' to hold out a glimpse of what was about to be overwhelmed by the new order. Mr. Crowe uses the song to score the movie's most intoxicating sequence, in which the music seems to take the hero by the hand and initiate him in the ways of rock: plunging him into another world where every face, look, costume and movement seems to conjure all the avenues and untold jokes of self-creation, one that feels like the natural culmination of every record he has ever loved. ''A kaleidoscope of emotion and experience'' was the critic Greil Marcus's description of the song, and it is that warmth, camaraderie and panoramic generosity of spirit that ''Almost Famous'' reaches for and which triumphs over the film's pat resolutions.
Recalling Rod Stewart's swift slide from the pinnacle of ''Every Picture Tells a Story'' into rock's prototypical crowd-bamboozling lounge lizard is to see the death mask of the 70's taking shape. Rock's shared language of desire encompassed countless dialects from Top 40 to experimental, from surf guitar to down-home soul music, all of which were still capable of communicating with one another across cultural and racial divides. But they dissolved into so many niche markets that they came to resemble their buyers' recreational drug habits more than forms of personal expression. But even supposing, by the logic of Sadie Plant's recent book ''Writing on Drugs,'' that drug taking and expression were intertwined impulses, a cocktail of Quaaludes and Jack Daniels did not a very mind-expanding aesthetic make.
The loosely parallel rise of disco in the 70's didn't fully impinge on rock's stoned awareness, though, until the arrival of ''Saturday Night Fever'' in 1977, when the sharp-dressing ladies' man Tony Manero (played by John Travolta) made the lifestyle safe for heterosexual mid-America. To which FM rock's infamous disco-bashing campaign was an understandably panicked, phobic reaction, given how insular rock culture had become by that point. With whitebread standard-bearers like REO Speedwagon, Styx, Rush, Kansas and the spectacularly insufferable Journey, rock had good reason to feel nervous and insecure.
Especially when it came to black music: the heirs to Hendrix and Sly and the Family Stone were out there, all right, but were made invisible to rock audiences by FM apartheid. The band leader George Clinton organized not merely one of the best groups of the decade but two of them at once: Funkadelic's black hard rock band and Parliament's inscrutable, irresistible funkateers. Collectively known as P-Funk, they were a laboratory that irreverently spliced and diced the DNA of Hendrix, James Brown, Frank Zappa and the Five Royales in the process making the most substantial -- and deliriously engaging -- body of music to come out of the 70's.
But they might as well have been on another, undiscovered black planet so far as rock's mainstream knew. (It may not be coincidental that Bruce Springsteen's stock with FM programmers rose in direct proportion to the disappearance of R-and-B elements from his records.) This was the same radio, after all, that ignored Bob Marley and the Wailers, preferring Eric Clapton's embarrassing cover version of ''I Shot the Sheriff.'' (Somewhere, Pat Boone must have smiled, finally vindicated by hip taste.)
In one sense, P-Funk stood for all the countervailing tendencies of proto-punk, glam, glitter and other oddball forms that were excluded from the main discourse but whose records inspired malcontents from Cleveland to Manchester. The decade was a wasteland, but there were streams beneath it that nurtured the punk and new wave music that finally bubbled up to contest the hegemony of FM rock. By 1976 and '77, a tremendous frustration boiled over against the status quo, but the pressure had been building for years: far from being rootless, punk had many ancestors, avatars and godfathers. Consider that from 1972 to 1975, the English glam band Roxy Music released five albums of a wit, breadth and daring that put Pink Floyd then and Radiohead now to shame. During the same brief period, Brian Eno left Roxy Music and made three remarkable and if anything even riskier solo records of his own. At the same time, the group's moonlighting leader, Bryan Ferry, also managed to cut a couple albums of elegantly deranged cover versions, which suggested nothing so much as the imaginary soundtracks to Elvis movies as remade by Rainer Werner Fassbinder.
This was great popular music lacking only for wide popularity, at least in America. (Roxy Music did have a minor hit single in the United States with ''Love Is the Drug'' -- crossing over into disco territory in a way P-Funk was never allowed to do in the rock arena.) Rock became encrusted in myth in the 1970's, and one of those myths is that of the pre-punk period as a yawning musical void. Indeed, there was more great music floating around in the mid-70's than there is at the moment, but the frustration came out of the fact that it wasn't at the center of things any longer. Big acts found one note and held it till their lungs burst, while radical music -- the aesthetic that grew out of the Velvet Underground's sensibility -- became a movement unto itself: anti-rock, unpopular music as a genre of its own.
That split in rock music, and its aftermath, is still being played out in the culture. It could be dramatized as two variations on ''Almost Famous,'' each constructed around themes and material omitted or suppressed in the original. One, called ''Too Famous,'' would be set in the present and would star Eminem as the kid who is given the chance to indulge every nihilistic fantasy of stardom as if the music were no more than a pretext to get at the real backstage goods -- the opportunity to be a cartoon Caligula in his own little kingdom of cruelty, malicious practice jokes and ebullient self-destruction.
THE other would be ''Never Famous,'' set in 1976, and would revolve around the Cleveland dadaist garage band formerly known as Rocket From the Tombs but by then called Pere Ubu. It would document the last show of the original incarnation of the band, as heard on a just-released, archival recording entitled ''The Shape of Things.'' (The departing co-founder Peter Laughner, who knew something of self-destruction himself, was leaving more than the band: he would be dead inside of 18 months.)
With the band playing such manifestoes as the Stooges' ''I Wanna Be Your Dog'' and the Seeds' ''Pushin' Too Hard,'' as well as such gnomic statements of its own like ''Can't Believe It,'' ''Gone Gone Gone,'' ''Doris Day Sings Sentimental Journey'' and the suicidal teenage misfit anthem to end them all, ''Final Solution,'' nihilism is the point of departure but not the final destination. The music's dark humor -- a sense of life as a cosmic joke and a boundless conspiracy -- is shrouded in a corrosive, unforgiving noise. That sound is like a transmission from a vanished world of refusal and doubt, about as far from what rock had become as one could imagine. Heard today, it can make you wonder if the purpose of most of what is on the market now is simply to help you forget that anything like this music was possible in the first place, or could ever be again.
Photos: Thom Yorke of the group Radiohead. (Rahav Segev)(pg. 1); Robert Plant and the guitarist Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin in the 70's, left, Jakob Dylan of the Wallflowers in October, center, and Bryan Ferry of Roxy Music in 1979. (Michael Ochs Archives);(Rahav Segev);(Ebet Roberts)(pg. 36)


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domain: geography


text:
The ICSC Southeast Conference was held this week at the Cobb Galleria Centre in Atlanta, titled “Retail is on the Move.”
But is Atlanta-area retail truly “on the move” or not? We’ll know more after seeing the level of activity at the conference, an annual event held by the International Council of Shopping Centers to facilitate knowledge sharing and deal making.
Some signs that we may expect more activity this year than in recent years:
• More banks are talking about lending for retail deals. We continue to hear from more lenders who want to talk about possible deals. This is after 3-4 years when there simply wasn’t any activity to speak of.
• A number of retailers are doing well, which helps drive activity. Retailers selling exercise wear and outdoor equipment, restaurants offering “fast-casual” fare, and urgent-care centers, to name a few, are aggressively looking for new locations.
• More troubled properties are changing hands, which leads to more leasing activity. After a distressed center is sold at today’s sales prices, the new owner has a lower basis, allowing the landlord to offer leases at competitive rates. This breeds activity.
• For the first time in years, tenants have an opportunity to look at new space, as a limited number of new developments are getting off the ground around the Southeast.
Of course, the true measure of whether things are really looking up will be how many deals actually happen, after being talked about at the ICSC conference.

domain: economics


text:
The Chief Ministers of Delhi and Haryana both came up with suggestions to tackle the current water crisis on Monday. While Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit, who recently announced that she uses just half a bucket to bathe, asked for a reduction in supply to her residence, the Haryana Chief Minister urged people to cut down on consumption. “If you take a bath twice a day, please reduce it to once everyday, so that those people who do not get water, can get some,” he said addressing the media here on Monday.
Ms. Dikshit, who is the chairperson of the DJB, has sought reduction in the supply to her residence “to ensure even distribution of water in the Capital city so that the every family could get reasonable quantity of drinking water everyday”.
A statement issued by her office said, Ms. Dikshit has instructed the DJB chief executive officer and the New Delhi Municipal Council chairperson, to reduce supply of water to Lutyens’ Bungalow Zone and surrounding areas.

domain: news


text:
Thanks to a $13,019 grant provided by the Community Foundation of Northern Illinois (CFNIL), Malcolm Eaton Enterprises was able to construct a Multi-Sensory Environment on its campus this Fall.
The Multi-Sensory Environment was completed in September, and first revealed to the public for the first time during our 50th Anniversary celebration on Sunday, September 25th.
A multi-sensory environment is a dedicated room or space that is designed to control sound, space, temperature and lighting. It uses special equipment that stimulates senses, and promotes feelings of calm and concentration. Time spent in multi-sensory environments has been shown to increase focus, improve communication, and encourage pro-social behavior.
The room was constructed using $13,019 in grant funds Provided by the Community Foundation of Northern Illinois (CFNIL).
The Community Foundation of Northern Illinois has been a regional leader in philanthropy since 1953. CFNIL serves as a catalyst for giving in order to attract, grow, and preserve an endowment for the needs of Northern Illinois. Since 2000, CFNIL has granted more than $46 million for charitable purposes.


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Contact The Elite Meat Company for more information on "Chevaps". Ask us about the other quality Pork products and Beef products we provide in both standard cuts or custom cuts that could be designed for your requirements.

domain: food


text:
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April 27, 2012
Goddess Of Scrumptiousness • Spaghetti in Garlic Gravy with Herbs and Lemon...
Spaghetti in Garlic Gravy with Herbs and Lemon Marinated Chicken and Cherry Tomatoes
Category: Food & Drink
Other posts from:
Recipe: Authentic Spaghetti alla Carbonara — Weeknight D...
Recipe: Slow Cooker Cranberry Pork Chops — Freezer-Frien...
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text:
Click 'AJ' icon to access map directions.
This Auction has been CANCELED.
Sold prior to the auction.
ONLINE REAL ESTATE AUCTION
~ Contains 2 Apartments and Commercial Space ~
1402-1404 W. BALTIMORE STREET
Near N. Calhoun Street
Baltimore City, MD 21223
– CANCELED –
FRIDAY, APRIL 23, 2021
TUESDAY, APRIL 27, 2021 AT 12:30 P.M.
– Starting Bid: $50,000 –
NOTE: The information contained herein has been obtained from sources deemed reliable and is believed to be accurate. However, no express or implied warranty is made or may be inferred from any such representation. Dimensions, square footage and acreage contained herein are more or less. Prospective purchasers are encouraged to perform their own due diligence, in advance of the auction, regarding the permitted uses of the property.
1402-1404 W. Baltimore Street is located in the Franklin Square neighborhood of west Baltimore City. Surrounding neighborhoods include Hollins Market, Carrollton Ridge and Boyd-Booth. Located on Baltimore Street, one of Baltimore’s main east/west thoroughfares, the property boasts significant foot and vehicle traffic. Also on W. Baltimore Street are shops, restaurants, cafes and many other retail establishments. The surrounding area is a mixture of commercial and residential land uses. Renovation of existing properties is taking place within the neighborhood bolstered by the tax incentives and deferrals provided by the Maryland Enterprise Zone. Storefront users and tenants have access to bus routes located immediately in front of the property and the Baltimore Metro within a mile. Major employers in the area include Grace Medical Center and University of Maryland Medical Center.
For more information, please see:
Neighborhoods – livebaltimore.com
Lot – 23’2″ x 90′, more or less. Plat
All public utilities
C-1 Commercial, approved office space. According to the Zoning webpages, C-1 zoning comprises “commercial clusters or pedestrian-oriented corridors of commercial uses that serve the immediate neighborhood.”
The property is within an Enterprise Zone, offering an array of incentives for business owners and developers. For more information click the link below:
Enterprise Zone – baltimoredevelopment.com
Two adjoining three-story buildings arranged for commercial space and 2 apartment units. According to public tax records, the property was built in 1920 and contains 2,070 square feet of above grade square footage. The first floor comprises of front commercial space with two offices, restrooms and storage space. The second and third floor are interconnected and contain two apartments. The building needs cosmetic repairs.
In fee simple; sold free and clear of liens. Baltimore City Deed Book Liber MB 16688, folio 446.
Published annual real estate taxes are $1,727.52, based on a full value assessment of $73,200.
SUMMARY TERMS OF SALE:
Please see the contract of sale for complete terms.
A $5,000 deposit, or ten percent (10%) of the Purchase Price (whichever is greater), in cash or cashier’s check to be delivered to the Auctioneer’s office at 6500 Falls Road, Baltimore, MD 21209, or sent by wire transfer, by 4:30 P.M. on Tuesday, April 27, 2021. Deposit funds shall be held by A. J. Billig & Co., LLC. Balance to be paid in cash at settlement, which shall take place within 45 days. If payment of the deposit or balance does not take place within the specified time, the deposit shall be forfeited and the property may be resold at the risk and expense of the purchaser. Interest to be charged on the unpaid purchase money, at the rate of 12% per annum, from date of contract to date of settlement. All adjustments, including taxes and all other public charges and assessments payable on a monthly or annual basis, and sanitary and/or metropolitan district charges, if any, to be adjusted for the current year to date of contract and assumed thereafter by the purchaser. The Property will be sold in “AS IS” condition, and subject to easements, agreements, restrictions or covenants of record affecting same, if any. The Property will be sold subject to Baltimore City violation notices, if any. Purchaser assumes the risk of loss from the date of contract forward. The purchaser agrees to waive the right of inspection for lead paint, as provided under current Federal and State law. If the Seller is unable to convey good and marketable title, the purchaser’s sole remedy in law or equity shall be limited to the refund of the deposit. Upon refund of the deposit this sale shall be null and void and of no effect, and the purchaser shall have no further claim against the Seller or Auctioneers. Recordation costs, transfer taxes and all costs incidental to settlement to be paid by the purchaser except where otherwise mandated by local, State or Federal law. Time is of the essence. A 5% buyer’s premium will be added to the final bid price.


wonder how well a 4 stroke would have coped???
I used to do a lot of Trail riding . One day i was out with a load of mates and we drowned 3 bikes in a river , right under .
Mine a 2 stroke the other 2 were 4 strokes .
We drained the carbs on all the bikes , lifted them up to empty the exhausts and the 4 strokes fired up after a few spins .
My 2 stroke had to have the plug removed and spun over (bumped in gear ) for ages to empty the crankcase . It needed 2 furthar plug cleans before it started . Later that same day it siezed solid and a mechanic told me it was due to the main bearings being washed out and then starved of oil while pumping out the water and re starting it.
I was surprised at the 4 strokes but when you think about it a 4 stroke can only take water above the piston , so draining the water from the carb is all it needs .
The two stroke fills the crankcase and cant easily get rid of the water , if its salt water it must be worse .
have also seen both go under revving hard and thats a major rebuild job .


text:
Standing long before Angkor Wat in Cambodia and the great cathedrals in Europe, Borobudur Temple has stood gallantly in the land of Java. The building called by UNESCO as the most magnificent and the largest monument and stupa complex in the world is visited by pilgrims in the mid-ninth century until the beginning of the 11th century. Buddhist people who want to get enlightened were flocking from India, Cambodia, Tibet, and China. Not only magnificent and large, Borobudur Temple wall panels are filled with 2672 sculptured reliefs which if arranged in row, it will reach a length of 6 km! It is praised as the largest and the most complete Buddha reliefs ensemble in the world, unmatched in artistic value.
2. Prambanan Temple
About Pusaka TourRead more:

domain: artistic


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text:
The younger brother of NSW Treasurer Dominic Perrottet has thanked his supporters and asked for privacy after a jury found him not guilty of raping a Sydney university student at her college party.
Jean Claude Perrottet said he was “very pleased that the court has found me innocent”, in a written statement issued after the verdict was delivered on Thursday.
“I know this trial has been very difficult, not only for me, but also for others, and for family and friends,” Mr Perrottet said.
“I wish the best for every person who in any way has been involved.”
The 20-year-old was accused of sexually assaulting a young University of Sydney student at a St John’s College formal in October 2015.
— The Daily Telegraph (@dailytelegraph) August 10, 2017

domain: sociology


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Open Aye’s team of professional photographers help clients to demonstrate their social impact, through authentic, representative and ethical imagery.
As a community interest company (CIC), Open Aye creates its own social impact, too. It also runs participatory photography projects, for a range of purposes, groups and topics. These include projects with advocacy outputs, therapeutic outcomes or social action research methodologies.
Since 2010, it has been engaged in over 50 major participatory photo projects, involving over 700 participants from communities of difference, diversity, disability and disadvantage.
With over a decade of experience of providing relevant images and unique participatory projects for Scotland’s third sector, Open Aye is more than just a photo agency. We are an ethical photo collective, which understands how to use photography as a tool for social practice and positive change.
Open Aye’s services include:
Photography: Open Aye provides professional photography for multimedia communications in Scotland. They create inspiring, accurate and accessible imagery which can be used to raise awareness of issues, garner support, promote attitudinal and behavioural change, and demonstrate social impact. Their professional work is used in marketing materials, social media feeds, funding applications, impact reports, press releases, news editorials, exhibitions and teaching materials.
Videos: Open Aye provides video services to clients who are looking or short documentary style stories of the work they do. Videos are often used on social media platforms to give an insight into people, places and projects.
Participatory Workshops: Their participatory photo projects can be for advocacy, social action research projects or for therapeutic photography purposes. Advocacy workshops have raised awareness on issues such as homelessness, human rights, health & wellbeing, urban planning, environmental stewardship, employability, crime & justice and many more. Their social action research projects enable all to have a voice in analysis which concerns them. And their therapeutic participation work has resulted in hundreds of people harnessing creativity in nature for their wellbeing.
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Othello has a long history of provoking profound emotion in its audiences and readers. This 'freeze frame' volume showcases current debates and ideas about the play's provocative effects. Each chapter has been carefully selected for its originality and relevance to the needs of students, teachers, and researchers. Key issues and themes include: - Gender, Love, and Desire - Race, Ethnicity, and Difference - Social Relations, Status, and Ambition - Tragedy, Comedy, and Parody - Language, Expression, and Characterization All the essays offer new perspectives and combine to give readers an up-to-date understanding of what's exciting and challenging about Othello. The approach based on an individual play, unlike that of topic-based series, reflects how Shakespeare is most commonly studied and taught.
Read an extract of Othello: The State of Play
Table of Contents
Introduction - Lena Cowen Orlin (Georgetown University, USA) 1. Two Faced: the Problem of Othello's Visage - Ambereen Dadabhoy (Harvey Mudd College, USA) 2. Eloquent Barbarians: on the Critical Potential of Passionate Character - Lynn Enterline; 3. Audience-Actor Boundaries in Othello - Laurie E. Maguire (University of Oxford, UK) 4. "Speak[ing] Parrot" in Othello: Recontextualizing Black Speech in the Global Renaissance - Robert Hornback (Oglethorpe University, USA) 5. Secrets and Lies - Lois Potter (University of Delaware, USA) 6. Shakespeare's Nobody - Colleen Ruth Rosenfeld (Pomona College, USA) 7. Lucretius and Consummation in Othello - David Schalkwyk (Gallatin School of Individualized Study, USA) 8. Making Ambition Virtue? James Siemon (Washington University, USA) 9. Othello's Black Handkerchief - Ian Smith (Lafayette College, USA) 10. Double Diction and Othello's Dual Identity - Robert N. Watson (UCLA, USA) Bibliography Index

domain: literature


I’m looking forward to the new year of hearing some great music and teaching all my students. Last year’s concert was fantastic (pictures below) and this year is sure to be just as good. I hope everyone had a nice summer.Â Over the holidayÂ my trio and I recorded a new music album of west-coast composers with the generous assistance of the Canada Council of the Arts. The album should be out sometime in 2017.
This year I’m teaching on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. My VCM Masterclass will be on November 19th, 3:30-4:30pm. I’m in a great new room at the VCM, Studio 320: Up the stairs to the third floor, through piano wing, down the hallway with windows on the left side.
New Student Welcome: I have a few spots available on Wednesdays and Saturdays as well as some squeeze spots on Tuesdays and Thursdays. All levels and ages are welcome. See my Guitar Lessons in Victoria page for more info.


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|This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2009)|
Official poster of Dus Kahaniyaan
|Directed by||Sanjay Gupta
|Produced by||Sanjay Gupta|
|Distributed by||White Feather Films|
|Budget||200 million (US$3.4 million)|
|Box office||350 million (US$5.9 million)|
Dus Kahaniyaan (Hindi: दस कहानियां Das Kahāniyāṃ, Ten Tales) is a 2007 anthology Indian film comprising ten short films telling ten different stories which are directed by a host of six directors. Some of the stories have twisted ending and bring supernatural elements and have similarities with other supernatural series like Tales from the Crypt. The film was declared an above average grosser at the box office. The film is inspired from the Hollywood movie The Ten.
Synopsis: The bored wife of an MNC vice president (Arbaaz), Mandira, has an extramarital affair with an army officer. She meets him every Thursday on the pretext of visiting her aunt. At home she is a doting and dutiful wife. She describes her affair as not only for sex but also for love and consideration. As it turns out, her lover has to report to his post and gives her a beautiful diamond necklace. She loves it but is hesitant to take it. When the officer insists, she devises a plan. She goes to a jeweler and hands over the necklace with an arrangement that she be given a coupon, which under the pretext of a lucky draw and she'd be given her necklace. The next morning, her husband goes to collect the "prize". He calls her from his office and asks her to come over to see what she has got. She goes with great enthusiasm, but to her utter dismay finds a small diamond ring. She comes out of his cabin and tries to call the jeweler. Her cell phone does not get reception, so she turns to her husband's secretary and asks her to dial the number, only to spot the necklace on the secretary. The secretary mentions that it is from her "boyfriend".
"High on the Highway" (Directed by Hansal Mehta)
Synopsis: Two college graduates who are in love with each other have a habit of getting high and taking a walk along the highway. On the night after their graduation when they are walking down the road a bunch of goons try to kidnap Masumeh and succeed in spite of Jimmy putting up a fight. Masumeh gets helped by the cops but Jimmy feeling responsible, slashes his wrists and dies. Masumi cries by his bed.
"Pooranmasi" (Directed by Meghna Gulzar)
Synopsis: Amrita's daughter Minisha has just been engaged and her father is out on business once again leaving the ladies alone. Amrita has led a loveless life and on this particular day her daughter adorns her mother with a colourful dupatta and comments on how pretty she looks. Amrita realises that it is the night of full moon, and her lover promised her long ago that he would be waiting outside the door every full moon night. For once she decides to open it and let her desire take over her. After spending the night with him in the fields she returns home in the morning; many villagers notice the colourful dupatta on her head and mistake her for her daughter. When the villagers come to break the marriage describing the incident, Minisha learns that it was her mother who went to meet the man. She cannot recite what has happened, as it would defame her mother, but she in unable to bear the taunts of the villagers and thus she commits suicide by jumping into the well.
Strangers in the Night (Directed by Sanjay Gupta)
Synopsis: Mahesh and Neha have the habit of discussing past distractions in their relationship on their anniversaries. Mahesh forces Neha to tell about her experience and she does so with passion about the guy's whose hands she kissed and by whom she was so taken in a railway station's waiting room alone in the night and with whom she would have done anything. As we see Mahesh getting jealous, Neha unravels the twist in the story. She actually kisses his hand and hugs him to save a child, who was being attacked by religious riots.
Zahir (Directed by Sanjay Gupta)
Synopsis: Zahir (Manoj) moves into the same apartment as Diya Mirza and they become good friends. Manoj is in love with Diya and wants to take the relationship to another level but Diya shuns him. He is ashamed and heartbroken. One night while spending a night with his friends visiting a bar in the town, Manoj happens to meet and learns she is a dancer in a dance bar. Enraged, Manoj rapes her without hearing her protests when she comes back home from work. Next day he finds a note from her which she left before leaving, in which she reveals that she has AIDS.
Lovedale (Directed by Jasmeet Dhodi)
Synopsis: Neha meets a lady on the train on her way home where she was getting engaged. The lady gives her an earring and vanishes at the next station: Lovedale. Neha wanting to return the earring alights and follows the road to a house where Aftab is painting. They become acquainted. Aftab attends Neha's engagement and feels hurt. Neha is also unhappy and her father questions her doubt. Neha tells about Aftab and her father tells her his flashback about how he met a lady on the train to whom he had given one earring before the train left the station. Neha and her father compare the earrings and decide that her meeting Aftab was no coincidence and she breaks the engagement to join Aftab. However, the story unfolds with a vicious climax. Aftab notices the earrings that Neha was wearing and, on questioning, he is informed that it was the earring that was given to her by the lady in the train. Aftab shows her a picture of the lady: his mother who died 10 years ago!
Sex on the Beach (Directed by Apoorva Lakhia)
Synopsis: Dino picks up a book on the beach with the title Life and writes his name and date of birth as instructed and starts to read it. A seductress steps out of a jet ski and sits down next to him and she invites him over to her house for dinner. Dino goes over well prepared with wine and condoms only to see the girl also very eager... but when Dino falls into a short sleep after the girl tells him that she will return in a few minutes dressed in more provocative clothing which he would love taking off. He wakes up to see her dead with him throat slit open. When he leans down to examine her closely she opens her eyes and he understands that she was actually a soul whose wishes had been left unfulfilled. He flees, the ghost following him. Finally he drowns in the sea.
Synopsis: Shabana plays a staunch Brahmin widow on her way to visit her grandchildren by train. In a hurry she forgets her wallet in her house and heads to the station. Deliberately she sits in a taxi with god's photo (She hates muslims). But then, she realizes that the driver (Anup Soni) is a muslim. She misses her train and her next train is in two hours. She goes to a canteen and orders a plate of rice with the change she has and leaves her table to wash her hand. When she comes back she sees a Muslim man(Naseeruddin Shah) eating it. Angry that he was stole her plate, Shabana forgets that he is a Muslim and starts eating out of the very same plate. Later she realizes it, and leaves the place, ashamed at herself. At the railway station she notices that she had left her luggage and handbag in the canteen and goes back. There she finds her belongings near a table and a rice plate on it. Then she realizes that the Muslim man never stole her rice plate, he was, in fact, eating out of his own one, and yet he did not yell at her when she snatched it from him and spoke rudely to him. Later in the station, she offers place to a Muslim family, which shows that she had changed her attitude.
Gubbare (Directed by Sanjay Gupta)
Synopsis: Anita and Rohit are newlyweds on a bus who start a small quarrel. Anita moves away from Rohit to sit adjacent to Nana who is carrying 11 smiley balloons with him. On questioning he tells her how he has to present his wife with the balloons every time he has angered her and how she bakes a cake if she angers him. He explains that life is too short to spend fighting. When getting down at the stop he forgets to take with him the sorry card that he had written for his wife. Anita follows him to give it to him and she notices him speaking to his wife's grave; it is revealed that his wife is dead. She realizes that he loved his wife, and still does, yet she will now never be with him. She returns to the bus and sits beside Rohit, and they do not quarrel. The essence of the story is that life is too short to be wasted away on silly fights.
Synopsis: The story begins with Sunil Shetty telling Sanjay Dutt that someone is going to kill him. Dutt says that if there could be anybody who could kill it would be Shetty. The story cuts to a flashback. It shows two young kids. One of them gets paid to kill a person. They both kill the person. The kids are Dutt and Shetty. As kids they rise and as adults they fall because of two children shooting them as in the flashback they are now the dons.
|Released||1 November 2007|
|Label||White Feather Films|
The film's soundtrack was released on 1 November 2007. Joginder Tuteja from bollywoodhungama.com gave the music 4 out of 5 stars.
|Song||Singer(s)||Lyricist||Music Director||Sound Enggineer|
|Aaja Soniye||Shweta Vijay, Sudhanshu Pandey||Virag Mishra||Gourov Dasgupta|
|Bhula Diya||Anand Raj Anand||Ibrahim Ashq||Anand Raj Anand|
|Bin Tum||KK||Panchhi Jalonvi||Anand Raj Anand||Tanay Gajjar|
|Dus||Aanchal, KK||Virag Mishra||Gourov Dasgupta||Tanay Gajjar|
|Jaaniye||Aanchal, Sunidhi Chauhan||Virag Mishra||Gourov Dasgupta||Tanay Gajjar|
|Kaala Peela||Shafqat Ali Khan||Virag Mishra||Shafqat Ali Khan||Tanay Gajjar|
|Mushkil Kushaa||Kshitij||Panchhi Jalonvi||Bappi Lahiri|
|Nach Le Soniye||Mika Singh||Virag Mishra||Gourov Dasgupta|
|O Maahiya||Shweta Vijay, KK||Panchhi Jalonvi||Gourov Dasgupta|
|Vichodeya Ne||Shafqat Ali Khan||Ambar Hoshiyarpuri||Shafqat Ali Khan|
- "Dus Kahaniyaan". Music Review:Dus Kahaniyaan. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
- Official website
- Dus Kahaniyaan at the Internet Movie Database
- Review at American Online (by Kritika Saxena) http://www.aol.in/bollywood/story/2007120707079019000002/index.html


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The people of Georgia are facing a flurry of regressive policies and an ever increasing anti-immigrant and racist climate. An organizer who follows Dignidad Rebelde sent me a message asking me if I could create a political graphic to help support some of the organizing students and community based organizations are engaging in.She knew HB 87 and HB 59 would be hitting the floor soon and was hoping we could aide in their efforts to mobilize and raise awareness about the issues. HB 87 is Georgia’s version of SB 1070 so I repurposed a graphic I had originally designed for Arizona.Check it out HERE
The second graphic I designed to address HB-59. HB-59 would ban undocumented high school graduates from attending all 35 public universities and colleges in Georgia.
The bill, introduced in the Georgia legislature, would require all public universities and colleges to check the citizenship status of all applicants, costing the state millions of dollars in the process.
For this graphic the process was a bit different. Jesus and I make a number of black and white illustrations available for download and use under Creative Commons licensing. You can view the gallery HERE
While checking out the pages of a few organizers in Georgia I came across a graphic that had already been repurposed. The vision and message were there so I decided to take direction from that image and create the graphic I have included above.
Organizers are currently working toward a mobilization that will happen on Tuesday, March 8th, 7:30am – 7:00pm. I am including information about the action below:
Meet at the Baxter Street Kroger parking lot
“We will carpool to the Univ. System of Georgia Board of Regents meeting to demand it lift its ban of undocumented students at the state’s research institutions and condemn HB 59, which would ban them from all of the state’s public colleges and universities.
We will then congregate at Hurt Park in downtown Atlanta at 10 a.m. to formalize our plan for an activist presence. Drivers will also pick up students and interested people at Legion Pool on the UGA campus at 7 a.m.”


The crews of the army aviation of the WMD destroyed the infrastructure of the mock enemy at the training ground in the Leningrad region
The crews of the helicopters of the Leningrad air force and air defence formation of the Western Military District (WMD) inflicted rocket and cannon strikes on the infrastructure of the mock enemy.
During the training flights, the crews of a separate helicopter regiment flew from the airfield based in St. Petersburg to the area of the Kingisepp training ground (Leningrad region), where they performed a combat training mission to destroy enemy infrastructure and manpower. The flight to the specified area of operations was carried out as part of the links at an extremely low altitude - up to 30 m .
As weapons of destruction, unguided S-8KOM aviation missiles, an automatic 30-mm GSh-30 cannon and P-50 training bombs were used. To create false targets for the air defence of a mock enemy, ASO-2B heat traps were used, produced with the help of on-board aircraft defence systems.
Crews of ten multi-purpose Mi-8MTV-5-1 helicopters, Mi-28N Night Hunter attack and combat helicopters, as well as Mi-35M were involved in the exercise.


Haq bursts into tears, sings a patriotic song in support of Pakistan Army during press conference
Singer had accused filmmakers of using the song without acquiring rights
Singer shared it is the 'right age' for training without specifying whether boys should be trained for the task too.
Singer is getting called out for 'talking down mothers of today' from Twitterati and certain celebs.
Singer-turned-politician thanked everyone for prayers
Earlier, the PTI leader shared that he has been experiencing some fever and dry cough
The 'Billo' singer received a gig from the US in exchange for a truckload of food for the poor as his fee
The court had earlier issued a stay order against the PTI leader’s appointment
A bunch of lawyers from Lahore have filed a petition against the song
The track's teaser shows Hayat on a rampage with comedian Shahveer Jaffery
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten,
redistributed or derived from. Unless otherwise stated, all content is
copyrighted © 2024 The Express Tribune.


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King Eurig was the King of the Sky Kingdom and the main antagonist in Jack and the Sky Kingdom...
The Queen of the Sky Kingdom is the playable protagonist in the bonus game Rumpelstiltskin and...
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domain: game


text:
For some parents who have split up, the job of raising children together becomes extremely challenging. For a variety of reasons, these parents find themselves fighting more than collaborating toward their children's best interest. Often, they end up using the court system in an attempt to right their course and that often leads them down the path of increased hostility and decreased trust.
Parenting coordinators provide a supportive structure for moving beyond the patterns of conflict. While parenting coordinators are frequently recommended by judges, parents often voluntarily choose to work with a PC because they recognize the strain their co-parenting dynamic has on their children. Having an impartial third-party involved in parenting decisions can bring a pillar of stability to a tumultuous situation.
Utilizing appreciative inquiry, collaborative decision-making strategies of mediation, education, and case management, I encourage the best qualities of the co-parenting team to emerge while ensuring that they’re fulfilling their obligations to their child and complying with the Court recommendations.
Education regarding effective co-parenting skills
Both parents participate in a structured educational program focusing on enhancing communication and collaboration skills, learning to focus on the children's needs and increasing understanding of conflict dynamics.
Facilitated communication in which decisions are made jointly
Parents meet regularly face to face or via webcam to make decisions on behalf of their children in a safe, structured environment. The parenting coordinator facilitates the discussion so that it is effective. This provides an opportunity to practice skills learned in the educational component.
Oversight of parenting behaviors used for coaching and communicating with attorneys
As the PC learns more about the situation, she may provide individual coaching to parents in order to promote best co-parenting practices. The PC's ability to communicate with the attorneys about their client's progress encourages compliance.
With prior approval of the parties, the PC has the authority to make limited decisions within the scope of the court order, to assist high-conflict parents who have demonstrated an inability or unwillingness to make parenting decisions on their own.
What is Parent Coordination?
On the Spot Resources
I’ve noticed some patterns in high-conflict co-parenting. Here are 8 common traps that co-parents get stuck in and some tools for getting through them.
Rules and suggestions for Co-Parenting 101
I am happy to discuss any and all of the options with you in a FREE, 15 minute consult call:

domain: law


text:
By Raven Kennedy
Gild, Glint, Gleam and Glow. This are the four books that make this series. They tell the story of Auren, a Golden girl (literally, because her skin is made of shiny, very real gold). Auren is encaged by king Midas, who says he is trying to keep her safe from the monstrous world they live in.
Because of an accident, the girl falls in the hands of the enemy, the right hand man to the most feared and powerful king of all time. But she learns she enjoyed the little freedom she gets to experience and that maybe the enemy's side is not actually the bad side, since they aren't keeping her encaged like he is.
This book is a retelling of the well-known "myth of King Midas", the golden king, richest of them all. But what if he was actually just a facade? A weak ass man with very toxic masculinity and not so strong as people are told.
This story was not my favorite fantasy romance by all means and didn't even get close to that. But I enjoyed it. Please keep in mind that Auren's past is very worthy of a "Trigger Warning", but the book itself has a very normal plot and it's honestly kinda addicting to read. It's not my favorite because of the over exaggerated drama. I do not like the female main character, but I do LOVE the male love interest and his team, they are literally one of the best group of friends ever portrayed in all of the books I've read so far. They are never afraid to question the authority and they all came from different places and learned to work together, becoming more of a family then an actual team.
Recommend this if you want something to get your mind of things. Not if you're looking to read the GREATEST book of all time, but a story that is easy to get your attention and doesn't have a confusing plot at all.