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This Valentine’s Day, after the red roses have been sent and the fancy dinner has been eaten, go home, light some candles, and gently, tenderly check your lover’s credit score.
Or at least talk about money.
“It may seem un-romantic, but it’s actually one of the most romantic things you can do,” said Nikki Lively, staff therapist at the Family Institute at Northwestern University.
“Money is very symbolic to people,” she said. “It’s more than just money; there’s a lot of emotion tied to it. People have a relationship with money that can play out in their partner relationship.”
That can be a source of harmony or a source of struggle.
“Finances in a relationship are probably one of the most common causes of conflict,” Lively said.
That’s putting it lightly. Couples who disagree about money more than once a week are 30 percent more likely to get divorced than couples who fight about it just once a month, according to a study from Utah State University.
And, believe it or not, people with opposing attitudes about money are more likely to pair off.
“If you look at who tends to get married, spendthrifts are a little more likely to marry tightwads, and vice versa,” said Eli Finkel, a professor of social psychology at Northwestern. “It’s a small effect, but it’s reliable.”
So are we all doomed to nasty breakups over how to pay the ComEd bill? Not necessarily—you’ve just got to think bigger.
“It can trigger fights [when] the couple starts talking about just surface-level stuff, without talking about hey, what’s the value there, what’s the meaning of that?” Lively said.
First off, talk with your partner about long-term financial goals, and work out a budget from there.
“I think [for] a lot of people, the pitfall is, they do it backwards: They add up all their expenses and say there’s no money,” said Colin Chase, a financial planner at Mindful Money Financial Counsel in River West. “But when you start with your goals first, and then build your life around your financial goals, you’re more likely to have financial success.”
And don’t think that you and your partner automatically will have the same long-term priorities.
“People tend to just assume that everyone relates to money in the way that they do,” Lively said. “I always recommend for couples that they have more open-ended conversations about what does money mean to you, what’s the story behind that for you, how do you see money fitting into our life, sort of more open-ended, value-based questions.”
That might seem more complicated when both partners’ incomes are combined into one big pot. But Lively and Chase both stress that couples, especially married couples, really can benefit from combining finances.
“I do believe that when you’re married, the intention is that you’re going to be together for awhile, so the best approach is to think of it all as one,” Chase said.
But should a couple choose to keep their accounts separate, it’s important that each partner contribute to expenses proportional to his or her income, according to Lively—especially if one person makes significantly more than the other. She has counseled couples who didn’t follow that rule, and it “caused a lot of resentment.”
“If you’re [splitting expenses] 50-50, but you’re not really earning 50-50, that’s not really sustainable,” she said.
Another warning sign? When you’re uncomfortable being honest with your partner about financial problems, such as debt.
“It’s like disclosing an STD, almost,” Lively said. “It’s going to affect your partner … once you break the ice, it’s so much better, even if it’s not the most fun conversation.”
The key is to have those conversations before making a big commitment, and to keep talking throughout the relationship.
“There’s not one right or wrong way to do it, as long as it works for both people,” Chase said.
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Introducing Saito's latest addition to their range of Petrol(Gas) Four-Stroke engines the FG-100TS Twin. With the same high quality build we expect from Saito.
Canister is unnecessary. Mellow 4st boxer sound with standard exhaust. A perfect engine for aerobatic and scale models in 2st-70cc class. Ultra-fuel efficiency. Approx. 20cc/minute (full throttle at ground bench).
|Ground MAX||5,500～5,800rpm |
|Prop||25"×12" ~ 27"×8"|

domain: hobby


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Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016 Player Count and Stats (2023)
Last Updated on: January 31st, 2023
Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016 Player Count and Other Stats
Here are a few of the most interesting Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016 facts and stats I was able to dig up. As always, be sure to check back in the future as I will be updating this post as new and updated stats become available.
Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016 player count:
477,000 game units sold in Japan
Last updated 6/8/16
That’s all for now. Be sure to check back soon as we update all video game stats as soon as more are provided.
Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016 Game Details
Here is pretty much everything you ever wanted to know about Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016.
- Game Developer(s):
- Game Publisher(s):
- Year Released:
- Available Platform(s):
- PlayStation 4
- PlayStation 3
- PlayStation Vita
- Number of Players:
- Type(s) of Game:
- Sports Video Games
Where to get Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016:
Note: Some of these links may be affiliate links. For a list of the programs I belong to, please visit my disclosures page.
Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016 Description
Jikkyou Powerful Pro Baseball 2016 is a baseball simulation game that was released in Japan in 2016. The game allows players to manage a baseball team and compete in various leagues and tournaments. The game features a variety of different modes, including exhibition matches, a full season mode, and a tournament mode. Players can customize their team and players, adjust game settings, and manage their roster. The game also features a new “My Life” mode that allows players to create a custom character and live their baseball dreams, experiencing life as a professional baseball player.


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Thankful for each moment of life, I pray all my loved ones and yours are healthy and safe.
January is almost over already! Does life just happen, or is it us making it happen?
New experiences daily question our faith, wisdom, and how we react. There is never a day where morning is perfectly the same as the previous or the following day.
Sometimes, things get scrambled in a way one might think they are the worst. While other times, life seems wonderful, as if nothing can go wrong.
Over and over, the phrase has been said, life happens. I know for sure that no matter what happens, we are more blessed than we acknowledge. For a simple fact that things could be much more difficult than we can imagine. But they are not.
I choose each day to face anything that will be thrown at me with love, faith, and trust that everything is the best it can be. When things get tough, I turn to prayer. Never of weakness but rather faith and strength that everything will be bright regardless of the storm.
As Hebrews 6:15 says, Abraham had to wait patiently. But Abraham did not just do nothing. Instead, he had faith (active belief and trust in God). So he obeyed God, even when it seemed impossible for such things to happen.
“I’ve told you all this so that trusting me, you will be unshakable and assured, deeply at peace. In this godless world, you will continue to experience difficulties. But take heart! I’ve conquered the world.” (John 16:33, MSG).
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said, “Life consists of two days, one for you and one against you. So when it’s for you, don’t be proud or reckless, and when it’s against you, be patient, for both days are tests for you”
May all your days be bright with light of love and graditude!
Thank you for visiting my blog!
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domain: literature


What makes this sink not ADA approved?A.
The LT241.4G is not ADA approved because of the shroud (customer's in wheel chairs would not be able to slide under). If you were to purchase the sink alone, without the shroud, it would then be ADA approved.
Does this package include the shroud or is it sold separatley?A.
The Toto LT241.4G does not include the shroud. The shroud is model HT242.


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JS ONLINE: SPORTS: BREWERS: E-MAIL | PRINT
Delivering a strikeout pitch
Melvin's offering to Texas can't bring trade for Gagne
By TOM HAUDRICOURT
Posted: July 31, 2007
If a no-trade clause actually meant "no trade," the Milwaukee Brewers believe they would have acquired reliever Eric Gagne from Texas before the non-waiver deadline Tuesday afternoon.
Texas sent Gagne to Boston after the veteran closer dropped his no-trade clause to that team in exchange for the Red Sox guaranteeing an additional $2.5 million to cover incentives in his contract. That agreement raised Gagne's pay for 2007 to $9.85 million.
"If it was a strict no-trade, then we would have had a better chance," said general manager Doug Melvin, who was told the Brewers were the fall-back position if the Red Sox and Gagne couldn't reach an understanding (the New York Mets were told the same thing).
Melvin, who acquired reliever Scott Linebrink from San Diego last week, jumped in hard on Gagne on Monday after the Rangers called to gauge his interest. Melvin wouldn't say how Gagne might have been used but figured another high-quality arm couldn't hurt an overworked bullpen.
After Melvin exchanged ideas with Texas general manager Jon Daniels Monday night and again Tuesday morning, a proposed deal was reached. The Brewers would send outfielder Tony Gwynn Jr., left-hander Zach Jackson (9-7, 4.69 earned run average at Class AAA Nashville) and another minor-leaguer to the Rangers for Gagne.
"We had a deal on the table," Melvin said. "We didn't want to bid against ourselves but we were prepared to up our offer. (Daniels) told me, 'We're seriously considering your offer.' We thought we had a chance.
"When he didn't come back and ask for more, that's when I got the feeling (Gagne) was going to Boston. At 2 o'clock they called us and said Gagne had approved the deal to Boston. I had anticipated that was a possibility.
"We said, 'If it happens, it happens. If it doesn't, it doesn't.' "
The Brewers were not on Gagne's no-trade list and therefore he could not have stopped a deal to Milwaukee.
"That's where no-trade clauses don't mean that much," Melvin said. "Usually they'll waive them if there's some form of compensation."
Melvin noted that Gagne's agent, Scott Boras, has several clients playing for Boston. Boras was quoted as saying Gagne "wanted to be in a playoff environment," ignoring the fact that both the Brewers and Mets were in first place and Boston had to cough up an extra $2.5 million to make the deal.
To get Gagne, the Red Sox sent left-hander Kason Gabbard and minor-league outfielders David Murphy and Engel Beltre to the Rangers.
"They got two players they're putting in the big leagues," said Melvin, referring to Gabbard and Murphy. "They did a nice deal."
Melvin said missing out on Gagne would have been more disappointing if not for the acquisition of Linebrink from the Padres.
"We got a pitcher we really like in Linebrink early on," said Melvin, who indicated that he had no other serious trade talks before the deadline. "We'd be more disappointed if we didn't get Scott earlier."
Manager Ned Yost admitted that trades often can energize a team. And the Brewers certainly were sagging after a brutal 2-6 trip to Cincinnati and St. Louis that included four last at-bat victories by the opposition.
But Yost said his players must look within to pull out of their slide.
"The tendency in a locker room, especially at this time, is to start screaming for help," Yost said. "In reality, we need to look at each other and realize this is the team that needs to get it done.
"We've got the talent here to do it and we need to do it ourselves. You can't be looking outside that locker room for help to come get it done."

domain: sports


The Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Secretary of State
My Dear Mr. Secretary: The Joint Chiefs of Staff have given careful consideration to your memorandum of 22 July 1944 enclosing a policy memorandum and a summary statement on the subject of the Treatment of Germany.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff consider that the subject matter of these papers contains important considerations of military interest but that these are so involved with important political considerations as not to be separable into sections. Furthermore, certain portions of these two memoranda are so outmoded by policy decisions made since their preparation as to require over-all revision before forwarding to the United States representative on the European Advisory Commission for his guidance.
In view of this necessity for revision, due to intervening decisions and the involved military considerations, it is suggested that the matter might be handled most expeditiously by assigning the task of reworking the papers to the Working Security Committee on which there is military representation.
Admiral, U.S. Navy,
Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy


- This event has passed.
Horacio Contreras, cello & Ana María Otamendi, piano – Virtual Courtroom Concert
November 19, 2020 @ 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm CST
This performance will be an archival program in the format of an audio presentation.
Program to include Samuel Barber’s Cello Sonata Op. 6, as well as works by Ricardo Lorenz and Ramón Delgado Palacios. Their concert will also feature Diáspora for cello and piano by Reinaldo Moya, Schubert Club Composer-in-Residence from 2017-2019.
Date & Time: Thursday, November 19, 12:00 pm CT
Find more information here.


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Introduction to Affirmations
Do you believe that positive thoughts bring positive things? If so, you are in tune with the Law of Attraction.
This principle states that we attract into our lives what we focus on. And one powerful way to focus on positivity is through affirmations.
Affirmations are positive statements that you repeat to yourself, either out loud or silently, to create a positive mindset and attract positive outcomes. The consequences of practicing affirmations can be life-changing, as you radiate positive vibes that shape your reality.
But to experience the full benefits of affirmations, it is crucial to choose meaningful and genuine affirmations that reflect your core values and deepest desires. Affirmations are not just words; they should be accompanied by actions that demonstrate your belief in them.
In this article, we will share with you 40 relationship affirmations for your love life. We will provide different types of affirmations, such as affirmations for attracting a soulmate, affirmations for love and marriage, affirmations for a specific someone, affirmations to heal a relationship, daily relationship affirmations, positive affirmations for intimacy, long-distance relationship affirmations, and healthy relationship affirmations.
Let’s dive in!
40 Relationship Affirmations for Love Life
Before we delve into different types of affirmations, let’s define what affirmations are and why they matter. Affirmations are statements that motivate us, boost our morale, and stimulate positive emotions within us.
By repeating affirmations, we set intentions for ourselves and create a guide for our actions.
One powerful way to use affirmations is through mirror affirmations. Looking at yourself in the mirror and saying your affirmations out loud to yourself can be a potent way to boost your self-confidence, love yourself, and attract love from others.
Affirmations for Attracting a Soulmate
If you are single and seeking a fulfilling relationship with a soulmate, these affirmations will help you attract them effortlessly:
– I am surrounded by unconditional love and support. – I am worthy of a loving, committed relationship.
– I am attracting a soulmate who aligns with my values and goals. – I am open to receiving love from a soulmate who loves me for who I am.
– I am patient and trust the Universe to bring me my perfect match.
Affirmations for Love and Marriage
If you are in a committed relationship or married, these affirmations will help you nurture and strengthen your bond:
– I am grateful for the unconditional love in my relationship. – My partner and I communicate with honesty, respect, and mutual understanding.
– Every day, I choose to express my love and appreciation for my partner. – My marriage is healthy, happy, and filled with adventure.
– My relationship is a safe haven, where we grow and evolve together as individuals and as a couple.
Affirmations for a Specific Someone
If you have a specific someone in mind whom you are interested in, these affirmations can help you manifest that connection:
– I am happy and secure in my divine connection with [name of person]. – [Name of person] and I share a strong, loving bond that grows every day.
– I attract healthy and fulfilling relationships, and [name of person] is an ideal match for me. – My connection with [name of person] is joyful, effortless, and mutual.
– Every day, I radiate positivity, and it draws [name of person] closer to me.
Affirmations to Heal a Relationship
If you are going through a rough patch in your relationship or trying to mend a broken connection, these affirmations can help you bring back the love:
– I release all bitterness and anger towards my partner and choose to love them unconditionally. – My relationship is built on forgiveness, empathy, and compassion.
– We grow stronger as a couple by working through tough times together. – I trust that our connection will heal and grow into something even more beautiful than before.
– Love and respect guide every action I take in my relationship.
Daily Relationship Affirmations
To keep your relationship fresh and nourishing, it is essential to express your love and gratitude for your partner daily. Try these affirmations to keep the love flowing:
– I deeply appreciate my partner for who they are, and I show my love for them every day.
– My relationship is filled with joy, laughter, and positive energy. – I am grateful for every moment I spend with my partner.
– Love attracts more love, and my relationship is a magnet for joy and abundance. – My partner and I are a team, and we support each other through thick and thin.
Positive Affirmations for Intimacy
Intimacy is a crucial aspect of any romantic relationship. Here are some affirmations to help you embrace your desires and enjoy intimacy without any guilt or shame:
– I embrace my sexuality and honor my sexual desires.
– Intimacy brings us closer and strengthens our love. – I trust my partner and feel safe and comfortable being vulnerable with them.
– I communicate my needs and boundaries with ease and respect. – Sex brings pleasure, joy, and connection, and I fully enjoy it without any guilt.
Long-Distance Relationship Affirmations
Distance can put a strain on any relationship, but with these affirmations, you can maintain a stable and flourishing connection:
– Our love transcends distance and strengthens every day. – I trust that my partner loves me and remains faithful to our relationship.
– Although we are physically apart, we are emotionally and spiritually connected. – We communicate with love, honesty, and authenticity every day.
– Our unique bond can withstand any challenge, and we grow closer despite the distance.
Healthy Relationship Affirmations
Healthy relationships require mutual consent, respect, and nourishing love. Try these affirmations to keep your relationship healthy and fulfilling:
– My partner and I respect each other’s boundaries, needs, and values.
– Every day, I invest in my relationship with love, kindness, and vulnerability. – We communicate with honesty, empathy, and understanding to maintain our healthy relationship.
– Our love grows every day, and we support each other to achieve our goals and dreams. – Our connection nourishes us emotionally, mentally, and spiritually, and we thrive together.
By using affirmations, you can shift your mindset towards positivity and attract love and abundance into your life. Remember that affirmations are powerful tools only if you fully believe in them and take action to make them a reality.
Start by choosing the affirmations that resonate with your core values and needs, and repeat them daily to strengthen your belief in them. We hope that our selection of 40 relationship affirmations for your love life inspires you to create a nourishing and fulfilling relationship that brings you joy and happiness every day.
Remember that you deserve love and all the positive things that come with it. So, claim it, believe it, and manifest it into your reality.
Relationship Affirmations and their Importance
William Purkey, an American author and educator, once said, “You’ve gotta dance like there’s nobody watching, love like you’ll never be hurt, sing like there’s nobody listening, and live like it’s heaven on earth.” The beauty of relationships lies in embracing a positive outlook towards life, and this is where affirmations play a critical role. Relationship affirmations are statements that align with your core beliefs and values and help create a strong connection with a loved one.
They motivate and inspire you to be a better partner and deepen your connection with your significant other. In this section, we will discuss why relationship affirmations are important and how they can transform your love life.
Positive Outlook and Strong Relationships
Affirmations are a powerful tool to foster a positive outlook towards life, and when used in relationships, they can help build trust and understanding. They remind you of what you cherish most about your partner and encourage you to love them unconditionally.
Affirmations promote self-love and appreciation towards your partner, which can help create a healthy foundation for a long-lasting relationship. By focusing on your partner’s strengths, affirmations help you recognize the good qualities in them and appreciate them for who they are.
A positive attitude can be infectious and can lead to a stronger bond with your partner. When you regularly repeat affirmations, you develop a mindset that reinforces a positive outlook towards the relationship, leading to better communication, respect, and love.
Rhea’s Experience with Affirmations
Rhea, a 28-year-old woman, shares her experience with using affirmations in her struggling relationship. “After a rough patch in my relationship, I realized the importance of affirmations.
I was constantly focusing on the negative aspects of my partner’s behavior, which led to unnecessary fights and misunderstandings. I started repeating positive affirmations to myself, which , coupled with therapy and our mutual effort, helped heal our relationship.”
Rhea’s experience is a testament to the fact that affirmations can be a powerful aid in fostering a healthy and nourishing connection with a loved one.
Working of Affirmations in Relationships
Affirmations reinforce a personal connection with a loved one, bringing you in tune with their good qualities. When repeated regularly, they can help create a common language of positivity between the two partners, leading to a stronger emotional bond and mutual understanding.
Affirmations work when there is an effort and dedication from both sides to nurture the relationship.
Meaning of Positive Affirmations in Relationships
Positive affirmations act as a reassurance tool for both partners. They create a sense of determination to make the relationship work by focusing on the good aspects.
Additionally, affirmations can help remove toxicity in relationships by promoting open conversations and respecting boundaries. Can Affirmations Induce Love in Someone?
Affirmations are not a magic pill that can suddenly make someone fall in love with you. However, they can heal relationships and purify bonds by removing negativity and fostering a positive attitude.
Affirmations are meant to enhance and deepen an already existing connection and can only work if they are genuine and sincere.
Time Required for Affirmations to Work
The amount of time it takes for affirmations to work can vary from person to person. However, research suggests that repeating an affirmation continuously for at least 30 days can help program your subconscious mind and turn the affirmation into a reality.
It is essential to remember that affirmations require sincere dedication and active effort from both partners to work in the long run.
Relationship affirmations can transform your love life by helping you create a positive outlook towards your partner and fostering a strong connection. They reassure and promote mutual respect and understanding between partners.
Remember to choose meaningful and genuine affirmations that align with your values and beliefs. When used in conjunction with mutual effort and dedication, affirmations can create a fulfilling and nourishing relationship that brings joy and happiness every day.
In conclusion, relationship affirmations are a powerful tool to cultivate a positive outlook towards life and foster a strong bond between partners. Positive affirmations can help remove toxicity and enhance mutual understanding and respect, leading to a healthier relationship.
By choosing genuine and meaningful affirmations and repeating them regularly, couples can transform their love life and experience a deeper connection with their partner. Remember that affirmations require sincere dedication and mutual effort to work in the long run.
If used consistently, affirmations can create a fulfilling and nourishing relationship that brings joy and happiness every day.

domain: psychology


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Upper queen with TV
Located in a private lake community in south Calgary, Bonaventure Bed and Breakfast provides easy access to downtown. Public transit located nearby. Guests in each of the air conditioned rooms can enjoy the guest lounges, which have fridges, Kuerig coffee, microwaves, toasters, kettles and dishes. There are also 32" LCD TV's with more than 200 channels including HBO. Your hosts, Bruce and Pat, look forward to serving you a hot breakfast and helping with your travel plans. Free parking and wi-fi. Rooms start at $75/single and $99/double including tax.

domain: travel


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Listen to songs, rhymes, and stories for two-year-olds and three-year-olds accompanied by a parent or caregiver at the North Vancouver City Library.
Dentists in North Vancouver
Share Your Event
Do you have an event in North Vancouver that you'd like us to share?
If it's family-friendly and community-based, we'd be happy to help spread the word.

domain: library


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Hey there friends! 😀
I am back with yet another series of blogging, and this time; it will be all about one particular favorite train of mine
“Your Attention Please, 2841 UP Howrah Chennai Coromandel Express, will leave from Platform Number 14 at 13.15 hours”
This was the announcement made at Howrah station, from the late 90’s to the middle of 00’s. This was a regular announcement that I have heard all these years. Coromandel Express is one of the important Metro-to-Metro-connecting Superfast Express trains and its popularity has soared high over the years to what it is today.
If I look back in the way I have been seeing this train, this is the first train, which I have ever boarded in my life, just few months after my birth in Chennai and came all the way to Kolkata (the city, where I live) . From the early 90’s to the present date, Coromandel Express is still a super fast train to the commoners and for me, it is sure to flood me with a lot of Nostalgia. On numerous occasions, this has been my go-to option while planning my trips to Chennai. So, today in this blog, I will be sharing one of my recent train journey stories while also talking of the times, when railfanning meant pure train spotting and acknowledging about what I have seen to those days, where I have appreciated trains, on knowing many striking facts about them.
2014: South India Tour: Part 1 Howrah to Visakhapatnam
2014 was definitely one of my best years, when it came to touring. Tours, big and small happened once a month, call it circumstantial or just as a break, 2014 gave me all. One such important tours of the year was the tour to South India. I will share the journey by Coromandel Express in this blog, and all the other details regarding the rest of the tour and gradual happenings would follow in due course.
It was 19th of August, the date I fixed for the journey to commence as I had to attend a function in my uncle’s place with my family on 22nd of August. Thanks to the late planning, we missed out our chances of getting the AC coaches. Though there was a faint possibility of the tickets getting confirmed in the last minute, but since I was traveling with my family, I dropped the idea of going for the AC tickets. Thus, we settled for sleeper class journey in a train that was widely famous for its overcrowded sleeper class coaches. But we just had the seats in the sleeper class for our journey, so there we were.
We took a cab to Howrah at around 12.40pm, and reached Howrah at about 13.20pm. We got down near the New complex and heard some of the familiar announcements for Tamralipta Express, Gitanjali Express, and Saraighat Express as well. Slowly, we walked along the new complex cab way towards the middle portion of platform number 22 and finally around 14.15pm, the grand announcement of 12841 HWH-Chennai Coromandel Express was made to our delight. In about 5 minutes, I saw a KGP Alco, curving with a rake, under the Chandmari Bridge and finally entered the platform with the train, which is one of the reasons why I started loving railways. The coaches which were once, brilliantly elegant back those days now looked extremely shambolic from outside. When we entered the coach, (it was a 2007 made CBC coupled coach) ill -maintained smelly interiors, wet floor because of rain waters, dusty berths, and the coach in sorry condition welcomed us. This was the same train, which at one point was one of well-maintained trains with neat and clean coaches, and supplied decent food. Today, thanks to the attention paid by SRC CDO, the case is completely the contradictory. Meanwhile Puri Shatabdi arrived in platform number 23, just 5 minutes prior to Coro, got it’s WAP-4 from Santragachi shed for its return leg journey.
We got S-10 coach and out of which, I got a side lower, my dad got a middle berth and mom chose to settle down for lower berth. My point of having to opt for the side lower berth is to ensure that I get to enjoy the track side actions in both the directions, as the train will undergo a loco reversal from the midway point at Visakhapatnam. Our co-passengers were 2 couples and a middle-aged man. One of the two couples seemed calm and composed, while the other couple, had with them a baby (and were causing trouble all through the journey). I went to check the loco and saw the link as to be SRC WAP-4 #22865, which will lead the 24-coached rakes until Visakhapatnam.
Howrah station’s charisma is its view of Howrah Bridge in the backdrop. The hustle and bustle of the EMU’s and constant shunting on and off, gives Howrah an enigmatic feel. Meanwhile, the two general coaches at front were stuffed with passengers and the crowd seemed to be overflowing out of the coaches. One could see innumerable Waitlist passengers boarding reserved coaches and as it goes, a coach of 72 passengers were well about to have over 90 passengers in every Sleeper coach. Such is the popularity of this train, which is popular among East Indian citizens, as this is one of the main trains from the 90’s for those visiting Madras. Coromandel Express is more than just a train to me; it is a complete bliss no matter how poor maintained its coaches were, a trip in this train gives my journey a great kick-start.
I came back to my coach, waited outside for the starter, as the time ticked on 14.50pm, still we saw no sign of departure. Meanwhile, Puri Shatabdi departed at 14.50pm and we were set to wait and possibly trail this Shatabdi, all the way until Bhubaneshwar. Finally, at 15.00pm, I heard a honk and slowly, the train started moving. I hopped in quickly and officially, the trip down to South began.
At Howrah outer, after crossing Chandmari Bridge, I saw the rakes of Saraighat Express being shunted with the loco attached. The loco link was 20014 from SGUJ Shed. Meanwhile, our train turned towards SER side towards Tikiapara EMU Shed and slowly accelerated. The coach looked as if it was carrying close to 100 passengers, hustling here and there and taking their seats while some were desperately fighting to get in. The pantry car people, meanwhile had started their chores of selling different afternoon snacks. The train neared Santragachi, one of the most important stations of South Eastern Railways, around 7 km away from Howrah station and from this point, we could see the rakes of different SER trains and Santragachi Electric Loco Shed. We crossed Santragachi at a speed of 30kmph and thereby, we crossed the famous bottleneck of Howrah-Santragachi, and thereafter, started to accelerate to its route MPS of 110kmph. We were on the main UP track and the train was cruising close to MPS, before we slowed down at Andul outer. This time, we were transferred to the bi-directional reversible tracks and were set to run in the same tracks until Kharagpur Jn.
Coromandel Express once used to run with twin diesels from Kharagpur to Vishakapatnam, between the late 90’s and early 00’s. A time, when VSKP WDM-2 twins, dedicated to haul the same train and Coromandel used to be one of the top prioritized and popular name in the East Coast of the country. A time, when I enjoyed Coromandel journey the most.
Before we started the journey, I heard certain news of the crossing of YPR-HWH Duronto Express with and offlink Kanpur WAP-4 on that very day. I did track the running status of the train and ensured to doorplate until I manage spot and record the video of YPR-HWH Duronto with CNB WAP-4. After a brief wait, the train slowed down at Uluberia, observing a speed restriction of 50kmph, crossed CNB WAP-4 #22684 hauled YPR-HWH Duronto Express.
Happy after spotting and offlink with a premier train, I came back and sat down, while we cruised Kolaghat bridge over Rupnarayan River. While crossing a late running East Coast Express, we once again slowed down near Mecheda outer, observing one of the innumerable speed restrictions in the route between Howrah and Kharagpur. After cruising along the EMU trip shed of Mecheda, Coromandel accelerated once again and quickly, we reached MPS.
Run wise, Coromandel was one of the aggressive trains of those days, thanks to some political agitations and demands of regional zones, today Coromandel has around 13 intermediate halts. It used to have 4-5 stops back then during its merry days. So much is the nostalgia of the train and me that I have traveled over countless times and not yet bored by its run even today.
After crossing Khirai, suddenly we saw the dark clouds forming thick and fast and by the time we crossed Haur, it started raining cats and dogs. Adding to the woes, we needed to close the windows and the couple carrying a baby were becoming a greater menace. The frequent cry of the baby was unavoidable, but the parent’s aversion for cleanliness was even more striking. From spilling onion peels to a bowl of water, our coupe seemed to be in a sorry condition. The other young couple were so calm and composed, created no such menace, and seemed to be contained and co-operative. The walking bay of the coach was filled with unreserved passengers and wait listed passengers. One sole good thing about the coach was the OBHS people. They cleaned the coach at regular intervals and seemed co-operative while trying their level best. I felt sorry towards their efforts in cleaning, as it seemed too problematic. The un-registered vendors, beggars, and eunuchs crossed the coach and the situation was worsening.
We finally reached Kharagpur at about 16.45pm, 15 minutes behind the schedule. At Kharagpur, I bought myself a small plate of Alur Dom, a popular dish of this station. We left Kharagpur at 16.50pm and slowly, we left one of the most important railway junctions of East India, a junction point of two trunk routes.
Kharagpur is a four- directional junction. One main line comes from Howrah and three routes diverge, viz. Kharagpur-Tata, Kharagpur-Balasore, Kharagpur-Adra routes. The other specialty of the station is the large marshaling yard. SER’s main workshop, has a diesel loco shed and of course, a divisional Head Quarter- so much is the importance of this station. Thus, when Coromandel left platform number 3 (once the longest platform of the world), we crossed the large and criss- cross alignment of the Workshop and the bypass lines to enter the route towards Balasore and the first station called Hijli.
Hijli is a popular station, which numerous express trains and freights use to bypass Kharagpur (to avoid reversal) and enter the other two routes. Additionally, Hijli is the nearest railhead to India’s oldest IIT, the IIT Kharagpur.
The stretch of Kharagpur-Balasore can be considered as a speed heaven in South Eastern Railway. The constant MPS run of 110kmph in the 116km stretch is the striking feature of the route. The sunset can be seen from a distance and the parallel run with the Kolkata-Chennai highway is a great view to enjoy.
We crossed Bengal – Orissa border at Lakshannath Road at about 17.40pm and the run was expectedly superb. We crossed numerous trains like Dhauli, Neelachal and plenty of freights in the meantime. Slowly, darkness set in by 6pm and once again the rain started pouring heavily. We reached Balasore at 18.20pm and shortly we saw the crossing of Tirupati Santragachi Express, at the outer of the station.
Slowly, we were closing to Bhadrak, a station which marks the beginning of India’s greatest freight -dominated zone, East Coast Railways. A zone, which is remarkable in terms of freight controlling and their efficiency is unmatched. However, their express train controlling in one particular division, called as Khurda Road division is absolute misery. They prioritize freights so much; that they alone contribute to some percentage of loading in the entire country’s loading share.
There is not a single express train, which this division spares on any given day. Coromandel is a usual victim of these delays. We entered Bhadrak at 19.08pm and left 2 minutes later. We reached the infamous Coromandel’s accident spot of Jajpur Keonjhar Road at 19.40pm and just after we left Jajpur Keonjhar road, we were stalled in an intermediate station.
We were wondering as to what had happened. The delay extended to as much as 40 minutes, before we finally left the dark station at 20.25pm. Meanwhile, we had our dinner, as my mom had made my favorite Tamarind rice before we left our home.
We were running late almost close to an hour as our train was crawling for quite a distance. We crossed the magnficant Mahanadi Bridge, off Cuttack city, to finally reach the station at 21.30 pm. In the meantime, we saw the crossing of 12840 Chennai Howrah Mail with SRC WAP-4. After a brief 5 minutes halt, we left Cuttack, towards the capital city of the state of Orissa, Bhubaneshwar.
After crossing few tributaries of Mahanadi, namely Kathajodi and Kuakhali, we entered Khurda district and Bhubaneshwar city outskirts. We stormed in this 28km stretch and skipped stations like Patia, New Bhubaneshwar. When we skipped Mancheshwar, I saw the empty rake of SC-BBS Visakha Express, resting in the station loop. Finally, we crossed the coach depot of Bhubaneshwar and entered platform number 3 at 22.12pm. In the adjoining platform, I saw the electronic display board flashing 22882 Bhubaneshwar –Pune Express at 22.10pm. This meant, we will be trailing this train all the way until Vizianagaram, a station where the weekly train halts and Coromandel does not, so as Coromandel will have the chance to overtake. Until Vizianagaram, which was about 380km away from Bhubaneshwar, we were subjected to trail. In the meantime, saw the electronic boards showing the possible arrivals of various trains. We finally left Bhubaneshwar at 22.20pm and proceeded towards the divisional headquarters station of Khurda Road, which was around 20kms away. We reached Khurda Road at 22.50pm. In the meantime, I heard an EOG’s humming and saw the crossing of the popular LHBfied Purushottam Express towards New Delhi. By this time, the lights were off, and I went and lied down in my berth. We left Khurda road at around 23.10pm, and thus, we cleared yet another bottleneck of the zone to enter the speed stretch of the division. The 147km stretch of Khurda Road-Brahmapur is where the trains possibly do the best possible run. Had it been daytime, we would have got the continuous view of the country’s largest backwater lake near the track side which is a joy to watch. The view of sea from Chilka Lake is although minimum while traveling in trains. Still, we can get the clear coastal stretch view.
The other significant feature is the highway running parallel and the hills near Chilka backwaters in the backdrop are the eye-catching stuffs. But at dead night, they mean much lesser than what they are during daytime.
At this point, Coromandel was cruising, minute after minute, nostalgic feel of twin alcos thundering in this stretch was an imminent dream. But this time, the case was more than a little different. Thanks to some caution orders and speed restrictions, we reached BAM at 01.05am. We were running late, close to about an hour. Thanks to the slack, we hoped to reach VSKP by 4.30-4.40 am. But this night, did not belong to us. I slept as we left Brahmapur, and shortly woke up when we skipped Icchapuram and entered Andhra Pradesh. The run was not the typical Coromandel run on this stretch and was suffering from numerous slowdowns and it looked to trail a train all the way from Bhubaneshwar.
It was a stellar performance by BBS-Pune Express, kept a check on Coromandel’s run all the way until Visakhapatnam. Yes, this weekly train’s great track clearance meant a wonderful run on its part and a woeful run for already troubled Coromandel Express.
I woke up when we closing on Nellimarala, the penultimate stop before Vizianagaram Jn. I thought this will be the time to overtake, but was proved wrong, as the weekly train has already departed Vizianagaram, about 5 minutes before we entered. The time was 4.30 am and we were now running late close to an hour and more. We halted at Vizianagaram for 2 minutes, until we got the starter and stormed towards Visakhapatnam. This stretch between Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam is 60km and is a ripper in sense of speed. We closed in Visakhapatnam at 5.25 am, and entered platform number 1 for the halt and reversal of the next 20 minutes.
End of Part 1 of 2014: South India Tour: Journey in Coromandel Express
Stay tuned for the second part of the second half of the journey from Visakhapatnam to Chennai.


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Miscellaneous Physics of Baseball Links
Physics of Baseball and Softball by Rod Cross This book, published in March 2011, describes the physics of baseball and softball, assuming that the reader has a basic background in both physics and mathematics. The physics is explained in a conversational style, with words and illustrations, so that the explanations make sense. The book provides an excellent opportunity to explain physics at a relatively simple level, even though the primary objective is to explain the many subtle features concerning the physics of baseball. For those readers who already know quite a bit of physics and who will be comfortable with mathematical equations, additional material of this nature will be provided in appendices. The latest research findings and statistical data have been incorporated by Cross. The book also contains many simple experiments that the reader can perform to convince themselves that the effects described do indeed exist. Cross has written the definitive treatise on the subject and I highly recommend it to all those with an interest in the science of the game.
The Acoustics of Baseball An excellent and very readable report by Professor Bob Adair, based on a talk he gave in June 2001 before the Acoustical Society of America. Another account of this is in the excellent New York Times article by Jim Glanz. Click here for a nifty graphic based on this article. Professor Adair wrote the book entitled The Physics of Baseball, 3rd Edition, which every person serious about the science of the game should read. And speaking about books, you should also check out the book by Watts and Bahill entitled Keep Your Eye on the Ball. Although not as comprehensive as Adair's, it addresses some very interesting issues and give some good explanations based on simple physics principles.
Aerodynamics of the Baseball. These are a series of web sites with information about the flight of a hit or pitched baseball through the air. An excellent site is the NASA-sponsored site Aerodynamics of Baseball, maintained by Tom Benson. Other excellent sites are The K-8 Aerodynamics Textbook and the Baseball Flight Simulator to simulate the flight of a baseball. Check our Brian Raue's site for a study he did of home run distances at Pro Player Stadium. A excellent article, The Mechanics of a Breaking Pitch appeared in the April 1997 issue of Popular Mechanics. Take particular note of the 4th page, which has a very nice description of the physics of a curveball by physicist Peter Brancazio. Finally, check out a nice description of a knuckleball, then watch a short video of Tim Wakefield in action.
The Juiced Baseball Issue. Is the baseball is "juiced." That is, is it more lively today than yesteryear? Read the account by Rawlings on their manufacturing procedures by clicking here . In 2000 MLB conducted a series of tests on baseballs. Click here to download the official report issued by Prof. Jim Sherwood of the Baseball Research Center at the University of Massachusetts/Lowell, who performed the tests. For a somewhat different take on this issue, see the nice article written by Bill Sloat in the Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Hitting and Pitching Mechanics. Three sites devoted to the mechanics of swinging a bat: Batspeed.com , Coach Preston Peavy's VSI Baseball, and Mike Epstein Hitting. Three sites devoted to the mechanics of pitching a baseball: Tom House, Dr. Mike Marshall, and American Sports Medicine Institute. Both House and Marshall are former MLB pitchers. The ASMI is run by Dr. James Andrews, the surgeon who performs most of the shoulder operations on MLB pitchers.
Maple vs. Ash: Listen to a podcast of a July 4, 2008 broadcast of NPR Science Friday, hosted by Ira Flatow. Professor Lloyd Smith gives an excellent discussion of the differences between maple and ash bats. See also woodbat.org, a site put together by Roland Hernandez. He gives detailed explanations about wood bats, "slope of grain", ring porous vs. diffuse porous woods, and different failure modes of wood bats.
Curveballs: When What You See Isn't What You Get, an NPR story from October 23, 2010, including an audio link. Be sure to scroll down to the end of the story and try out the "Curveball Illusion" cartoon. The original paper upon which this story is based may be downloaded by clicking here. The basic premise of the article is that the human visual system peceives motion differently in the central (or foveal) and perpheral parts of the eye. In particular, the peripheral vision can confuse rotational and translational motion. It is argued that this perceived distortion may contribute to a batter's perception that a breaking pitch experiences sudden changes in direction as it approaches home plate. There have been many other news stories (do a search on "curveball illusion") reporting this research. Note that some of the news stories are reporting incorrectly that the authors claim that breaking pitches do not really break. On the other hand, the connection between the illusion in the cartoon and a batter's perception has not been definitely established, nor do the authors claim that it has.
Steroids and Home Run Production. With the admission on January 11, 2010 by Mark McGuire that he used steroids, it is natural to ask what effect that might have on home run production. This question has been addressed in a paper entitled On the potential of a chemical Bonds: Possible effects of steroids on home run production in baseball written by Professor Roger Tobin (Tufts University, Department of Physics) and recently published in the American Journal of Physics. In 2009, I wrote a summary and critique of Tobin's paper that was published in SABR's Baseball Research Journal in Summer 2009. In June 2006, a story appeared online at "ESPN Page 2" by Patrick Hruby that addressed the same issue. I wrote a short set of technical notes at that time (updated Feb. 17, 2009) in an attempt to quantify the effect of increased muscle mass on bat speed.
The Gyroball What's all this gyromania about? To find out, click on the link.
Batting and Thinking. This links to an audio file of a very interesting presentation by Professor Bob Adair given at the Science of Baseball Symposium, part of the AAAS annual meeting in February 2000. He discusses the process whereby a batter observes, processes, decides, and swings the bat. As you listen, you should also look at this excellent graphic , courtesy of the NY Times.
Sites Geared Towards Younger People. The two most important of these sites are (1) Sport Science @ The Exploratorium, the superb site of The Exporatorium science museum in San Francisco, and (2) The K-8 Aerodynamics Textbook, an excellent site put together by Dr. Jani Macari Pallis. The former deals with the physics of baseball, hockey, and other sports. The latter is mostly about aerodynamics, but there is a special section on the physics of tennis. See also Aerodynamic Activities . All these sites are well worth looking at.


Specialty Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Company
The client is a $2.54 billion global company that develops, manufactures, markets and distributes specialty pharmaceutical products and diagnostic imaging agents. Their specialty pharmaceutical products are sold to major wholesalers and retail drugstore chains. They market their global medical imaging products primarily to physicians, technologists and purchasing administrators at hospitals, imaging centers, cardiology clinics and radio pharmacies.
The client’s business objective was to build an online community for MS patients with integrated tools to help convey symptoms to the patients’ health care providers. The website’s requirement was to be HIPAA compliant to protect the data of the website users while being captured for analysis.
Genvate provided a responsive website for MS patients to visit and be empowered with information about MS, help track and report MS symptoms. The site consisted of the following features:
• Custom CMS to update content
• Informational pages that consisted of pdfs and videos.
• Polling module where users can answer MS related questions and see real time results.
• Content sharing via social and email
• Integrated API to display MS programs and events around the nation.
• Mobile device friendly
• HIPAA compliant programming
• Reporting / Recording tool to track history, symptoms, questions
• Data capturing for analysis
Technology: ASP.NET, SQL database
Results: The website is a huge success for the client with tens of thousands of active users. the client is able to analyze the behavior of the site users and make better marketing decisions.


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Turns out it is 6 seconds. So what do they notice? They spend 80 percent of their brief review on six key elements of your resume:
Ever wondered what it takes to self-publish a magazine? Several firms and type foundries featured in HOW Magazine have done exactly that: launched original, creative publications that have taken on a life of their own, helping promote design ideology and firm/foundry name recognition. Among the most successful of these publications is Emigre, a quarterly magazine whose 19-year legacy is indisputable in professional design circles. HOW interviewed Emigre founder Rudy VanderLans to get the inside story on the magazine’s creation, mission and formula for success.
Fritz and Mathew met each other at Wieden + Kennedy, where they first worked together on some core clients (Nike, Starbucks, Coca-Cola) and also pitching new business. Jeremy was part of W+K’s experimental school WK12 Year Two. The three of us just barely missed being in the building at the same time. After Jeremy graduated from 12, he was hired by Jack Barron, working under his creative direction as art director for Atelier Ace, the design house within the Ace Hotel group. Jeremy then helped to open the hotels in Portland, New York City and Palm Springs. By this time, Fritz and Mathew had left W+K to do freelance work and some short stints at some small design and web development shops. Fritz and Jeremy had always talked about doing something together, and finally decided to start up a company. A mutual friend needed to rent some desks in a studio in Chinatown, so Mathew asked Fritz & Jeremy if they wanted to share the space. We started collaborating right away, and just really worked well together. In November of 2009, we became the official trio.
Fictional Entrepreneurship is the use of design fiction to imagine businesses in order to discover what could be, creating things that are not impossible, but possible, often times derived from utopian, theoretical, and philosophical principles. Fictional entrepreneurship aims to author critical media through the creation of enterprises (imaginary, and real).
Project mismanagement can turn an opportunity into a nightmare. A designer can have a great project, for the most amazing client, with a generous budget … and still lose money. Further, that dream job can result in endless frustration throughout the project because the team is disorganized and the client is out of control. Terry Lee Stone’s new two-volume book series, Managing The Design Process — Concept Development and Implementing Design — offers insights on how to take projects from concept to completion, while avoiding common management mistakes.
Please – don’t get this cynical!

domain: design


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Copyright Information for Allen INGenWeb Project
Copyright does not protect facts, ideas, systems, or methods of operation, although it may protect the way these things are expressed. Copied from the What Does Copyright Protect? at the U.S. Copyright Office FAQ.
Allen County INGenWeb Project is part of the volunteer INGenWeb Project and USGenWeb Project providing
Free online genealogical information since 1996.
We attempt to provide current links to online sources, but mistakes happen. If you find errors or omissions please Contact Allen INGenWeb.
On January 1, 2023, works from 1927 enter the U.S. public domain from Center for the Study of the Public Domain at Duke Law .
December 27, 2022 post by Internet Archive on Facebook:
Wondering what's moving into the public domain in the US in just a few days? Our colleagues at Duke Law's Center for the Study of the Public Domain have published their annual review: https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/publicdomainday/2023/
Celebrate the public domain with us via virtual & in-person events on January 19 & 20: http://blog.archive.org/.../the-best-things-in-life-are.../
Feeling creative? Participate in our Film REMIX contest: https://blog.archive.org/.../public-domain-day-2023.../
Allen County INGenWeb Project welcomes the
Fair Use of our web site and its contents for non-commercial research purposes when citing your sources. See the U.S. Copyright Office Fair Use Index page and Columbia University Libraries Information Services Copyright Advisory Office Fair Use Checklist or Measuring Fair Use: The Four Factors at Stanford University Libraries.
Additional Copyright Information
- Welcoming 1927 to the Public Domain posted on January 1, 2023 by Alexis Rossi on the Internet Archive blog.
- Starting January 1, 2019 the public domain date added one more year each year on January 1 to the public domain time frame. See January 1, 2019 is (finally) Public Domain Day: Works from 1923 are open to all! by Duke Law School on law.duke.edu.
- How to Download the Books That Just Entered the Public Domain by Caroline Haskins published January 2, 2019 on motherboard.vice.com.
- After 1924 copyright gets complicated - see That 1923 date by Judy G. Russell published November 30, 2016 on her Legal Genealogist blog.
- For the First Time in More Than 20 Years, Copyrighted Works Will Enter the Public Domain by Glenn Fleishman published January 2019 in the Smithsonian Magazine. Starting January 1, 2019 copyright publications from 1923 become Public Domain and will add another year each January 1.
- Books from 1923 to 1941 Now Liberated! discussing Section 108 of copyright law that
lets libraries scan & make available materials published from 1923-1941 if not being actively sold.posted October 10 , 2017 by Internet Archiveon Facebook.
- A Landslide of Classic Art Is About to Enter the Public Domain For the first time in two decades, a huge number of books, films, and other works will escape U.S. copyright law by Glenn Fleishman published April 8, 2018 on The Atlantic.com.
- Copyright Information at the USGenWeb Project
- 10 Big Myths about copyright explained by Brad Templeton originally 1994, updated 2008
- The Legal Genealogist blog by Judy G. Russell has several Copyright topics including That 1923 date , Copyright and the lost letters, Copyright and the website, Copyright and the old family photo, Photos and the family homestead, Copyright and the obit, Copyright and the post-1963 obit, Copyright & the newspaper article.
- Can I Scan that Photo – Legally? Understanding Copyright and Fair Use by Jackie Jade published September 20, 2016 on OrganizingPhotos.com blog.
- Copyright and Fair Use - Stanford University Libraries - Videos on Fair Use
- Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States - is a regularly updated annual table of dates and terms at Cornell University. Recommended by The Legal Genealogist in her blog More on copyright and old letters published May 5, 2020.
- Citing Primary Sources Library of Congress - based on MLA-Style Citation Format and Chicago Citation Format.
- Frequently Asked Questions about Copyright - by U.S. Copyright Office
- Oral Interviews + Copyright -- Are You Using Best Practices? published March 13, 2014 on the National Genealogical Society blog.
QuickLesson 15: Plagiarism—Five "Copywrongs" of Historical Writingby Elizabeth Shown Mills, Evidence Explained: Historical Analysis, Citation & Source Usage (https://www.evidenceexplained.com/content/quicklesson-15-plagiarism—five-copywrongs-historical-writing : [January 8, 2013]).
- United States Copyright Office has a list of factsheets
- Who Actually Owns Your Content When You Post It to the Web? by Dick Eastman published November 1, 2017 on his Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter.
- Conference Presentations & Copyrights posted March 10, 2023 by Evidence Explained on Facebook.
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Ever wonder how the sacrament cups we use today came to be? The story may surprise you.
A hundred years ago when the Church first began, there were no sacrament cups.
There was only a sacrament cup.
When the Church was officially organized in 1830, it was natural for members to drink from a communal cup during sacrament services. But by the early 1900s, many Church members were beginning to question whether a common sacrament cup was sanitary.
At one point, members encouraged parents to not give the sacrament to their dewy-lipped children, according to the article "'All Progressive Wards Are Buying': The Individual Sacrament Cup" from the BYU Religous Studies Center. It was also not uncommon for the cup's contents to be flavored by tobacco, peppermint, or strongly-flavored foods the members had eaten before church services began, and many young women of the time would often refuse to drink out of the sacrament cup after "full-bearded old men."
Curious as to the extent of the sacrament cup's role in spreading diseases, the Murray First Ward finally had the remains of their sacrament cup tested and found evidence of six contagious diseases.
In March 1916, the Murry First Ward members sent a petition to Church headquarters with three pages of signatures saying, “We feel that another Sunday should not pass until we can abolish this most unsanitary practice."
They also attached a receipt of the modern-day equivalent of $1,400—the cost of buying their own individual sacrament cups. But the Murray ward wasn't the only ward that petitioned to abolish the common sacrament cups.
The BYU Religous Studies article reports that Church leaders were initially hesitant to make the switch to individual sacrament cups out of concern that if it didn't take off, tithing money could be wasted. Therefore, between 1912-1918, progress towards wards using individual sacrament cups was slow.
It wasn't until the Spanish influenza epidemic hit Utah in 1918, with more than 1,500 cases and 717 deaths reported in just four weeks, that a mass change in opinions on the sacrament cups occurred. Under the direction of new Church President Heber J. Grant, (former vice president of the Utah Public Health Association), the transition to individual cups was accelerated until it became a widespread practice.
Today, we accept individual sacrament cups as the norm. But whether metal, plastic, or paper, we're grateful to partake of the sacrament each week—in both a sacred and sanitary way.

domain: sociology


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ABBYY launches global initiative promoting the development of trustworthy AI
ABBYY has launched a global initiative to promote the development of trustworthy AI. According to ABBYY, as AI becomes ubiquitous across consumer and enterprise high-value and large-scale uses and more open source tools become available for digitizing data, the ethical use of accessing and training data is imperative.
Gartner estimates that by 2025,30% of large enterprise and government contracts for the purchase of digital products and services that incorporate AI will require the use of explainable and ethical AI.
“Innovation and ethics go hand in hand. As the use of AI proliferates, it is important for technology leaders to adhere to and promote the utilization of technologies that are transparent, fair, unbiased and respect data privacy,” commented Anthony Macciola, chief innovation officer at ABBYY. “By adhering to high standards with regards to the performance, transparency and accuracy of our products, we are able to deliver solutions that have a tremendous impact for our customers.”
ABBYY's solutions leverage AI technologies including machine learning, natural language processing, neural networks, and optical character recognition to transform data, affirmed its commitment to the following principles and advocates for other leading technology organizations to also commit to trustworthy AI standards:
- Incorporating a privacy-by-design principle as an integral part of its software development processes
- Protecting confidential customer and partner data
- Developing AI technologies that meet or exceed industry standards for performance, accuracy and security
- Empowering customers and partners to successfully implement digital transformation in their organizations by delivering solutions that provide a greater understanding of content and processes
- Providing visibility into the performance characteristics and metrics of its technologies, as well as providing opportunities for product feedback
- Delivering AI technologies that are socially and economically beneficial
- Fostering a culture that promotes the ethical use of AI and its social utility
“AI has the power to yield significant social and economic benefit,” said Macciola. “With ethics in mind, we have the ability to transform the future in a manner that promotes innovation, accelerates technological advancements, and augments human intelligence, creativity and capabilities responsibly.”
To view ABBYY’s guiding principles and approach to adhering to and advocating for trustworthy AI principles, go to www.abbyy.com/company/trustworthy-ai-policy.
To learn more about ABBYY’s suite of Digital Intelligence solutions, visit www.abbyy.com/en-us.

domain: news


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Craig Middle School student wins Abilene Idol title
Zoe Beasley, an eighth-grader at Craig Middle School, definitely saved the best for last Saturday night.
Beasley was the last of 15 finalists to perform, singing the Billy Joel song "Vienna." Not long after, she was named 2017 Abilene Idol.
Taking second was Jeremy Stephens, who did Johnny Cash's "Man in Black" and was dressed ... all in black. Third place went to Jason Kerby, who sang just before Beasley. His song was "Today," the Brad Paisley hit.
Beasley received a trophy and a cash prize of $500 at the event held at the Abilene Convention Center auditorium.
Her song appeared on Joel's 1977 album, "The Stranger," making it way older than the winner. Yet the lyrics fit her perfectly:
"Slow down, you crazy child
You're so ambitious for a juvenile."
She recently sang with the Craig choir that performed at the Texas Music Educators Association conference.
The contest was held for the sixth year as a fund-raiser for Chorus Abilene.
A panel of three judges provided 50 percent of a contestant's score, with 25 percent based on fund-raising and the other 25 percent based on audience texting at the conclusion of the 15 performances.


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IFTUK produces four Film Festivals and awards each year, which include:
The Irish Film Festival, London - our annual flagship event, this five-day Festival each November celebrates new Irish Films, hosting many World and UK Premieres. Screenings are primarily held in the Vue Cinemas Leicester Square & West End. Expect to see the greatest Irish Films attended by Irish and international celebrities and behind the camera talent.
Ticket holders for the Festival screenings can gain access to IFTUK’s designated networking area at the exclusive Private Members Club, The Century Club in Shaftesbury Avenue.
More information and ticket details will be coming soon
The Irish Film Awards - this exclusive red carpet event is held in the Ballroom of the Irish Embassy in Belgravia each November and celebrates the best of the year’s Irish talent, by invitation only.
The Brigid’s & St. Patrick's Day Film Festival is held each March. The St Brigid's strand of the festival pertains to the Patron Saint of Women, and showcases Irish female films. As the official Film Partner for the Mayor of London’s St Patrick’s Day Parade and Trafalgar Square celebrations, IFTUK screens Irish Films and hosts multiple workshops, panels and events surrounding the festivities.
Irish Film Festival London Unveils Award Winners
Irish Film & Television UK (IFTUK) is delighted to announce the winners of the Irish Film Festival, London at its annual award ceremony held at the Irish Embassy in London on 20 November 2023. The Irish Ambassador, Martin Fraser, welcomed guests at the red-carpet awards ceremony.
Patricia Kelly’s debut feature Verdigris won the Best Feature Film Award
One Night in Millstreet won the Best Feature Documentary Award
Veteran filmmaker Joe Comerford was the recipient of The Súil Eile Award for his outstanding contribution to the Irish film industry
The Ros Hubbard Award for Acting was awarded to Alison Oliver and Éanna Hardwicke
Grace Dyas’s Waiting Day won the Best Short Film Award
The jury for the 2023 Irish Film Awards was headed by Festival Director Michael Hayden, and included Colm Bairéad and Cleona Ní Chrualaoí, the Director and Producer of The Quiet Girl, Anna Rodgers and Shaun Dunne, Director and Producer of How to Tell a Secret, Kelly Campbell, Director of An Encounter and IFTUK Board Members Peter Curran, Steven Greenfields and Tara Gaule.
The festival showcased an exciting programme of the latest Irish feature films, documentaries, animation and short films in November (15-19) at the Vue West End, Vue Piccadilly and the London Irish Centre. This year’s partners were the Department of Foreign Affairs, Screen Ireland, Tourism Ireland, Culture Ireland and the Century Club.

domain: entertainment


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Created in God’s Image: From Hegemony to Partnership is a Church Manual on Men as Partners: Promoting Positive Masculinities. It builds on the gender manual, Created in God’s Image: From Hierarchy to Partnership, which was developed and published by the World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC) in 2003. It embodies and builds on the rich experiences gained from workshops, which were done from 2006 to 2010 in St Maarten, Malawi, Guyana and Kenya. The workshops were organized by WARC in collaboration with the WCC, local churches and seminaries and were facilitated by a network of male theologians, pastors and lay persons in partnership with women theologians, pastors and lay persons. The overall goal of the manual is to enable churches and social organisations to promote gender justice and partnership of women and men through the development of leaders, who model good examples. It is intended to make a significant contribution to justice and transformation in church and society. The approach is not to demonize men or to instill feelings of guilt and powerlessness but to peel away the layers of gender construction which are key to understanding manhood within specific cultural, economic, political and social contexts. The overall aim is to make a difference by transforming dominant forms of masculinity which are destructive to women, men, families and society as a whole.
The manual is a dynamic resource that can be adapted to meet the needs of diverse communities and societies. It can be updated and enriched to ensure its relevance to local contexts. Churches should be encouraged to take an ecumenical and interfaith approach and, where possible, to hold joint workshops. The manual includes theological and biblical resources on men, masculinity and gender. The main topics are: understanding gender, masculinities, identity and sense of self, sexuality, gender based violence, leadership and power and partnership. The concepts of masculinity and gender are aimed at enabling men to be more conscious of gender as a construct that affects their own lives as well as those of women. Masculinity is explored from the experiences and teachings of social practices, behaviours and power constructions by which men become conscious of themselves as gendered subjects. It is designed for participants to critically and sensitively examine the socialization of men and boys and the influence of social, religious, economic and cultural contexts on this process. Participants will be engaged in sessions of self-awareness, socialization and sexuality as they study the Bible and examine masculinity against the background of culture, religion, social environment and how these play a significant role in shaping male roles and identities. They will connect with stories of gender based violence and develop strategies for churches to take action and for men to say no to violence against women. The modules include activities for discussion on how men’s experiences, beliefs and values form the foundational basis of masculinity and the role of the church in this formation.
The manual was developed using a highly participatory methodology, which provides a helpful approach for critical examination of masculinity, men and gender through theology, social analysis, life experiences and interactive learning. Reading the Bible is an important aspect in the conceptualization of the manual - as a basis for reconstructing masculinities, which are not based on competitiveness, power, control, violence and the repression of emotions.
The development of the manual takes into consideration cognitive, behavioural, psychosocial, theological and spiritual dimensions of education for change. It draws on the pedagogical approaches of adult learning and popular education and opens the way to work with men and women at all levels where both lay and ordained persons can be engaged in the process of promoting positive masculinities and partnership.
This manual very intentionally focuses its attention on gender from the perspective of the community of women and men and attempts to empower men and women to contribute of their best to society. At this time, the new quest for identity by sexual minorities is not addressed – it is a concern of the churches and will for some time continue to be a difficult and at times controversial issue. But, it is a pastoral concern and a question of justice to other gendered people who do not easily fit into the categories of male and female – therefore it will need to be addressed both as a sociological fact and as a theological imperative. Monica Melanchthon, in her helpful Bible Study found in Section 4 of this manual, points out that the varied (and sometimes contradictory) texts in the Bible which deal with issues of human sexuality, in all its variety, need to be unraveled and read in context.
The methodology of this manual is informed by the pedagogy developed by Paulo Freire, which requires a highly participatory and transformative process of critical consciousness, analysis and strategic thinking. According to Freire, the process of conscientization enables persons and groups to reflect on their context and to think strategically, opting for ways which are informed by and empowered by critical reflection. Participants will engage in dialogue and experience personal empowerment in the process. The approach places importance on the contextual framework, life experiences, communication methodologies and relevance of people’s needs, and seeks to engage men and women at the levels of mind, heart, soul and spirit.


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Majnoon, located in southern Iraq, is among the richest oil fields in the world, with oil reserves of 23 to 25 billion barrels and proven reserves of 12.8 billion barrels of oil. The field was named Majnoon (crazy) due to an excessive presence of oil in a limited area on the east of the Tigris River in Basra Governorate.
Out of ten major oil and gas fields in Iraq, Majnoon is the first to be offered to an international company for development. In December 2009, the Iraqi government sold the development rights of Majnoon and another oil field, Halfiya, through public auction.
The state of Iraq has a 25% stake in the project, and Shell and Petronas hold 45% and 30% respectively. The contract for Halfiya oil field was won by a consortium of CNPC of China, Petronas and Total for $1.40 per barrel.
Iraq has oil reserves of 115 billion barrels and currently produces 2.5 million barrels per day (bpd).
The country expects to increase the production to seven million barrels per day in six years to compete with Saudi Arabia. The revenues generated through oil production will be used to rebuild the infrastructure in the war-torn country.
Majnoon development contract
Iraq intends to bring its oil production at Majnoon to pre-war levels. The Majnoon development contract includes the drilling of over 40 wells, constructing three gas separation stations and developing refineries.
The contract was awarded to the consortium formed by Royal Dutch Shell (60%) and Malaysia’s Petronas, as it offered $1.39 per barrel.
Shell will implement the development and production service contract. CNPC and Total also bid for the contract, but were unsuccessful.
In the 1990s, Total negotiated the development of the field under the regime of Saddam Hussein, but no agreement was signed due to trade sanctions by the UN.
Majnoon field production
The Majnoon field reported a production of around 50,000 barrels of oil a day (bopd) in November 2003. The new Shell and Petrobas joint venture is expected to increase production to a plateau of 1.8 million barrels of oil per day from 45,000bopd (December 2009).
The field’s first pay zone consists of Upper Cretaceous, which tested 4,000bpd of gas rich oil in 1976. The pressure at the Upper Cretaceous reservoir was so high that the rig used in the discovery was destroyed. Mishrif carbonates, Nahr Umr sands (Middle Cretaceous) and Shuaiba carbonates and Zubair sands (Lower Cretaceous) form the pay zones.
The field in Hawizah marshes, primarily under man-made islands near Iran’s border north of Basra, extends 60km inland.
Majnoon oil field discovery
Discovered in 1975 by Braspetro (Petrobras of Brazil), Majnoon was found to be a part of Great Rumaila Triangle. Initially, the field was expected to have reserves of seven billion barrels with a heavy to medium range of oil quantity.
Development work stopped in 1980 when Iraq’s war with Iran broke out, by which time the engineering phase was underway. Braspetro had drilled 20 wells at the field and pressed 14 drilling rigs into service.
Iran occupied the area during the war, and the Majnoon field, along with the other parts of Iraq, was looted and sabotaged. Iran then claimed a stake in the field.
In January 2009, however, Iraq declared that the field was entirely in its territory. An extension of Majnoon was discovered on the Iranian side of the border.
Post war, the Southern Oil Company repaired the damages at the field and resumed production. Production reached the pre-war level of 50,000bopd in 2003.

domain: geography


After a long delay, a giant cargo ship arrived in the French Guiana region in South America carrying the new James Webb telescope, which will set out on a journey in which it will observe the universe and discover its secrets in infrared.
The huge telescope took 16 days, during which a giant cargo ship sailed from California, crossing the state of California. Great distances in the Pacific Ocean.
The ship passed through the Panama Canal before reaching the French Guiana region, which is located on the north coast of South America, and the total voyage was more than 5,800 miles.
The cargo, which arrived in Guyana on Tuesday, settled at the European Space Agency’s “Kouro” station, where the telescope will be launched on board a rocket into space on December 18.
The James Webb Telescope has a mission to inherit the giant Hubble telescope, which has been following the secrets of the universe for nearly 30 years.
Scientists say that the mission of the new telescope is to study the universe in the shadow of infrared radiation, which helps to study the first stars and galaxies in the universe and search for signs of life in the near atmosphere, and will also undertake the task of studying alien planets.
The development of the new telescope began in 1996, and it was scheduled to launch into space in 2007, but the project was subjected to several pitfalls that delayed the launch, and the lack of funding also contributed to this.
James Webb is distinguished by the color of its golden, hexagonal mirrors, which resemble beehives. The cost of this telescope is about 10 billion US dollars, according to some estimates.


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A hearing is scheduled Thursday in the Los Angeles case against the disgraced movie mogul. DeMarco Morgan reports.
News and Video Search Results
Harvey Weinstein media coverage
Former Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein pleaded not guilty on Wednesday to charges of rape and sexual assault involving five..
Just a day after being extradited from New York to Los Angeles, disgraced former film mogul and convicted rapist Harvey Weinstein..


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When it is the other driverâ€™s fault we assume their insurance company will take full responsibility for the property damage and medical bills. This is not always true; the person who caused the accident may not have any auto insurance or may be insured through a company that is not highly rated.
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Despite being forced to allow gun sales by a federal judge, the Chicago City Council approved a legi...
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domain: law


Dispensing machine for dyestuffs and chemicals solutions with volumetric MULTI-PIPETTE system
This original development of TECNORAMA confirms that the volumetric dispensing system is simple and practical, ideal in the laboratory automation for the new millennium. In fact, with the introduction of the original stainless steel “multi-pipette” solution conceived by TECNORAMA, all residual limits present in the classic, single pipette volumetric system have been eliminated. No additional cleaning of the pipettes is necessary because each solution has its own pipette. For this reason a considerable increase in productivity is possible: 40% or more compared to the single pipette system. Another major technical benefit of this system is the total elimination of any residual contamination among the different solutions. It is possible to use specific pipettes studied to solve special requirements and different features of individual products like viscosity, quantity, accuracy, speed, and so on. An electronic scale can control the real quantities dispensed and in this way, all dispensing performances can be recorded. This scale is important for the automatic self-calibration of each pipette in order to keep the system under constant control (check-up). The system is completed by the use of the semi-automatic solution maker PSE, connected to DOSORAMA W.
Under customer request it is available DOSORAMA WP version that, in the case of connection with DYRAMA modules, allows solid chemicals dispensing directly inside the dyeing kiers, in order to keep a low liquor bath ratio.


- Can you over mix epoxy?
- Does tacky epoxy ever cure?
- Why is my UV resin still tacky?
- How much resin and hardener do I mix?
- How do you mix large amounts of resin?
- Can I use paper cups to mix resin?
- Why did my epoxy resin get hot?
- How long should you mix epoxy resin?
- What happens if you use too much hardener in epoxy?
- Why is my resin still sticky?
- How can you tell if resin is mixed?
- What happens if you put more hardener in resin?
- Can you use a hair dryer on epoxy resin?
- Why did my epoxy resin crack?
- What happens if you put too much hardener in clear coat?
- How hard should Epoxy be?
Can you over mix epoxy?
The possibility of overmixing is more likely.
The goal is to thoroughly blend Part A and Part B with minimal bubbles.
(In the production process, you don’t want to dispense a bubble instead of drop of epoxy.) If you mix too vigorously, you can trap air and introduce bubbles..
Does tacky epoxy ever cure?
However, you will have to take other measures if the resin is runny or has tacky or smooth spots. You cannot leave the sticky resin, as it will not harden after time, it will remain sticky. You will have to either throw your item away or fix the problem.
Why is my UV resin still tacky?
Like most UV resins it’ll be tacky after only curing for a few minutes. That’s normal since UV resins harden fast but take some time to fully cure. … It’s because it’s overheating while curing. Doing it in thin layers or curing it slowly (weak light) will greatly reduce this problem.
How much resin and hardener do I mix?
Resin Obsession Super Clear Resin FAQ Mix 2 parts of resin (part A) to 1 part of hardener (part B) by volume.
How do you mix large amounts of resin?
Mixing large batches requires careful planning because large batches cure faster than small batches….Weight MeasureTare your mixing container. The scale should read zero.Add five pounds of resin to the container.Tare the scale again so that it reads zero.Add one pound of hardener.
Can I use paper cups to mix resin?
50 Graduated Paper Cups Perfect for mixing small batches resin, paint, stain, epoxy from 1 to 3 ounces. Cups are are wax coated. They are sturdy and smooth on the inside to help with complete mixing. They are flexible enough to make pouring easy.
Why did my epoxy resin get hot?
When you mix Part A (resin) and Part B (hardener) together new chemical bonds begin to form causing an epoxy exothermic reaction. Energy is released in the form of heat as the mixture catalyzes. … So the higher the ambient air temperature and volume of epoxy used; directly corresponds to the amount of heat generated.
How long should you mix epoxy resin?
2 – 3 minutesAfter the two parts are poured at the correct ratio, mix them together thoroughly for a full 2 – 3 minutes with a mixing stick, mix longer for larger quantities. Be sure to scrape the sides, corners, and bottom of the container several times during mixing.
What happens if you use too much hardener in epoxy?
Off ratio: Too much or too little hardener will affect the cure time and thoroughness of the cure. Remove epoxy. Do not apply additional material over non-curing epoxy.
Why is my resin still sticky?
The sticky resin likely happened because you didn’t mix the resin and hardener thoroughly the first time, so be sure to pay extra attention to mixing it well this time. You may need to build a tape dam around your piece in the case of recoating a flat surface or be prepared to handle drips over the edge.
How can you tell if resin is mixed?
Before we get into that, you have to pay attention to your resin and hardener. When your first mix the two parts together, you should see they look cloudy or wavy. This is normal. You should notice, however, that the more you mix, the closer the mixture gets to clear.
What happens if you put more hardener in resin?
You did not follow the 1:1 ratio between resin and hardener: ArtResin requires equal parts of both resin and hardener in order to cure. Adding more hardener will not make the resin cure faster or harder. You may have measured by weight, not volume: ArtResin was formulated to be measured in equal amounts by volume.
Can you use a hair dryer on epoxy resin?
In short, YES a torch is the best tool to get rid of bubbles in epoxy resin. … A hair dryer or heat gun doesn’t get hot enough to remove bubbles efficiently and can blow dust all over your wet resin.
Why did my epoxy resin crack?
The chemical reaction between resin and hardener as epoxy cures will generate heat. … The resulting massive build up of heat can cause the cured epoxy to crack because of the temperature differential between the top and bottom of the container. This uncontrolled heat build-up is called uncontrolled exotherm.
What happens if you put too much hardener in clear coat?
Incorrect mixing ratio: If too much activator/hardener is used, or if the correct ratio is not properly mixed, defects may appear in the finished dried paint film. Environmental conditions: Excessive heat or humidity during application and curing can cause surface imperfections such as cracking.
How hard should Epoxy be?
Epoxies will harden in minutes or hours, but complete cure (hardening) will generally take several days. Most epoxies will be suitably hard within a day or so, but may require more time to harden before the coating can be sanded. … When the epoxy is cured and hardened, it cures around 10,000 psi.


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Lenore - The Cute Little Dead Girl
Chapter 1: The new toy.
Lenore, "The Cute Little Dead Girl" is a fictional character created by Roman Dirge, inspired by the poem "Lenore", by Edgar Allan Poe. Lenore has appeared in several comic books by Dirge, and was featured in a set of 26 short flash movies.
The comic tells of the adventures of the title character, Lenore, a 10 year-old undead girl who lives in a mansion with her friend Ragamuffin. She died from pneumonia the first time, was embalmed and buried and came back for some reason.
The primary focus of the graphic novel is dark humor, with many of the stories having amusing twist endings. Common themes are the reinvention of children’s songs, games, and nursery rhymes to something more macabre, and subverting all sorts of pop culture icons and cultural figures into topics of dark comedy. In one story, for instance, Lenore accidentally kills the Easter Bunny.
While Lenore’s actions often result in the death or injury to those around her, and in various forms of chaos, she is not a malicious character, and often thinks she is doing good...


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A fracture is a literal break in your bone or the surrounding cartilage. It will cause significant discomfort, especially when it is in a bone of weight bearing use, such as the foot. Fractures of the feet are most common in runners, basketball players, football players; anyone who exerts much force and strain on the feet. Another major cause of foot fractures would be some type of trauma or a medical condition that predisposes people to bone injuries. Fractures are very serious and should not be left untreated by a medical professional; however, you can treat a foot fracture on site if you suspect such an injury.
1Realize that the toes (metatarsals) and where they insert into the foot account for about 35 percent of all foot fractures. This is the most common area, but you should also look out for midfoot fractures where your plantar arch is located. This can be fractured even during a light walk. Do not ignore pain in this area. And finally, the heel bone is unlikely to get fractured, except in a fall. The mechanism of injury for this kind of fracture is such that you should call emergency services as soon as possible.Ad
2Recognize the symptoms of a fracture in your foot. They normally start out as a slight discomfort towards the front of the foot. Most fractures of the foot start up here where most of the force and pressure is exerted. Many times, this pain is very slight and the onset is only during long periods of exercise, running or working out. As soon as you stop your activity, the pain normally vanishes. This leads many people to disregard and not even consider a fracture.
3Learn the "RICE" treatment plan. This is universal for any kind of bone fracture or stress fracture.
- Rest. Immediately stop what you are doing. No more exercising, running, or whatever it was you were doing when you felt the pain, stop and get off your feet. Listen to your body.
- Ice. As soon as possible, put ice on the injured area. If your foot is fractured, if it hasn't already, it will soon start to swell. Do not use heat as we don't want more blood to rush to the area and make the swelling worse. Ice it down. 20 minutes the first time, and then 3 - 4 more times per day at about 10 - 15 minutes per time.
- Compression. Wrap the injured area in a bandage, fairly snug, but not so tight as to cut off the circulation.
- Elevation. Sit down or lie down, but keep the injured foot elevated.
4Take some acetaminophen. Avoid Naproxen and Ibuprofen containing products, as they have the potential to delay the healing process with bone injuries.
5Go see your personal physician. As soon as the pain and swelling have subsided, schedule an appointment with your doctor. She will likely order some X-rays of your foot to confirm your self-diagnosis. You will likely need a cast in conjunction with either a walking boot or crutches, depending upon the severity of the fracture.Ad
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Categories: Bone Fracture Healing and Treatment
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domain: medical


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Ayyankali (also Ayyan Kali) (28 August 1863 – 1941) was a social reformer who worked for the advancement of untouchables. His efforts influenced many changes that improved their social wellbeing.In November 1980, Indira Gandhi unveiled a statue of Ayyankali at Kowdiar square in Thiruvananthapuram.
Ayyankali was born on 28 August 1863 in Venganoor, Thiruvananthapuram, Travancore. He was the oldest of eight children born to Ayyan and Mala, who were members of the Pulayar community of untouchables. Although the family were relatively well-off compared to other Pulayars, having been given 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land by a grateful landlord, the children were encouraged to adopt the customary occupation of agriculture. Members of the Pulayar community generally were rural slaves at this time.
The region in which Ayyankali lived, which now forms a part of the state of Kerala, was particularly affected by social divisions during his lifetime and was described by Swami Vivekananda as a "mad house" of castes. The Pulayars were regarded as the lowest group of people in the kingdom and they suffered badly from oppressive discrimination, in particular from members of the powerful Nair caste. Robin Jeffrey, a professor specialising in the modern history and politics of India, quotes the wife of a Christian missionary, who wrote in 1860 of the complex social code that... a Nair can approach but not touch a Namboodiri Brahmin: a Chovan [Ezhava] must remain thirty-six paces off, and a Pulayan slave ninety-six steps distant. A Chovan must remain twelve steps away from a Nair, and a Pulayan sixtysix steps off, and a Parayan some distance farther still. A Syrian Christian may touch a Nair (though this is not allowed in some parts of the country) but the latter may not eat with each other. Pulayans and Parayars, who are the lowest of all, can approach but not touch, much less may they eat with each other.
Suffering from this social injustice caused Ayyankali to join with like-minded Pulayan friends. These young people gathered at the end of their workday to sing and dance to folk music that protested the situation. Some joined him in forming a group that challenged and threatened members of the upper castes whenever an opportunity arose, sometimes attacking them physically. His popularity earned him the names of Urpillai and Moothapullai. Ayyankali married Chellamma in 1888. The couple had seven children.
Later, in 1904, Ayyankali was inspired on hearing a speech given by the reformist Ayyavu Swamikal. This Hindu sanyasi of the Tamil Community had been preaching the need to break down caste divisions because he thought that doing so would limit the number of people who were converting from Hinduism to Christianity. A branch of Swamikal's Brahma Nishta Matam organisation was established in that year by Ayyankali and some friends in Venganoor. Ayyankali also drew inspiration from the activities of a contemporary social reformer from the Ezhava caste, although the two men differed in their philosophy and the means of turning it into reality. Narayana Guru had attempted to forge an alliance between the Ezhavas and untouchable communities such as the Pulayars but there had been violent opposition to the idea from his brethren and the Pulayars remained voiceless until the emegrence of Ayyankali.
Ayyankali also sought to improve access to education. Some Pulayars had access from around the mid-nineteenth century, mostly through the activities of the Colonial Missionary Society and London Missionary Society. Conversion to Christianity was a prerequisite for attendance at such schools, and there were cases where Pulayars offered to contribute to the cost of supplying teachers for them. However, Ayyankali, who was illiterate, believed that education should be available to all children and this meant that government schools should allow access to untouchables.
The government was already attempting to modernise its approach to social welfare in an attempt to impress on the British colonial administration that there was no need for the region to be annexed. Several public schools had been opened to untouchable communities after 1895 but the right to primary education was limited in scope. State funding of education became effective in 1904 but even after the government ordered schools to admit these untouchable people in 1907, local officials found ways to refuse it. In that year, helped by the experience gained from organising the Brahma Nishta Mattam, Ayyankali founded the Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham (SJPS) (Association for the Protection of the Poor) which campaigned for access to schools and raised funds to set up Pulayar-operated schools in the interim. This attracted support from both Hindus and Christians.
An attempt by Ayyankali to enrol a Pulayar girl in a government school led to violent acts perpetrated by upper castes against the community and eventually to the burning-down of the school building in the village of Ooruttambalam. His response was to organise what may have been the first strike action by agricultural workers in the region, who withdrew their labour from the fields that were owned by the upper castes until the government acceded to a complete removal of restrictions on education.
Ayyankali was also central to the success of the Pulayan challenge against the traditional stricture that prohibited female members of the community from clothing their upper body when in public. Caste Hindus had insisted that the custom was necessary to distinguish the lowly status of untouchable people but during the 19th century their belief had come under increasing attack from various untouchable groups and from Christian missionaries. The Channar revolt, through which the Nadar community were able to overturn the practice in so far as it affected themselves, had happened not long before Ayyankali's birth but the Pulayars remained affected by the discriminatory code until 1915-16.
He started a school to teach Untouchable children at Venganoor.
Ayyankali later became a member of the assembly of Travancore, known as the Sree Moolam Popular Assembly (SMPA) or Praja Sabha. Ayyankali died on 18 June 1941.
The historian P. Sanal Mohan has described Ayyankali as "the most important Dalit leader of modern Kerala". The anniversary of
Ayyankali's birth has been celebrated by his descnedants and by special interest groups.
Through the efforts of people such as K. K. Balakrishnan, P. K. Chathan Master and K. P. Madhavan, the Sri Ayyankali Trust was established. A life-size bronze statue of him, sculpted by Ezra David, travelled from Madras through the length of Kerala prior to being erected in Thiruvananthapuram.