State Bill Seeks to Alter Environmental Review So it Doesn’t Only Care About Drivers
Shouldn’t environmental review take into account the effect of cars on the environment rather than the other way around?
That basic question informs a new piece of legislation by state Sen. Andrew Gounardes, which proposes the ultimate no-brainer of environmental assessment in a rapidly warming world: Instead of judging the impact of a project on whether it would make conditions worse for drivers, Gounardes’s bill would encourage environmental impact statements to no longer focus “on a project’s effect on automobile delay” or level of service and instead focus on reducing overall vehicles miles traveled.
“By eliminating the relevance of level of service as a metric and utilizing vehicle miles traveled reduction instead, we can provide a new criteria for determining the significance of transportation impacts to promote: (1) a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions; (2) development of multimodal transportation networks; and (3) a diversity of land uses that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector,” the bill summary states.
As a legislative matter, the bill would only require the state to set its goal of “reducing the annual total of vehicle miles traveled within the state by 15 percent by 2050.” But the question of how you get there could directly be answered by fixing the way environmental review is currently done — altering the assessment of projects from their impact on car drivers’ level of service to a project’s ability to reduce driving.
“We have to actually go about changing the paradigm by which we are evaluating projects and addressing one of the largest sources of carbon emissions in our state, which is transportation, which is automobiles,” Gounardes told Streetsblog.
New York’s effort would follow a similar measure that passed a decade ago in the California state legislature and was signed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown in 2013, but only just took effect on the eve of the pandemic. Cities such as Santa Rosa and Berkeley have begun using the new VMT standard, as Streetsblog CAL has reported, but it is too early to judge its success.
Nonetheless, advocates hailed Gounardes’s approach.
“It is high time that we redefine the criteria for a good or effective project,” said Sara Lind, the co-executive director of Open Plans. “Plans that would greatly enhance people’s experience of the street often can’t move ahead because they lack the explicit goal of reducing car congestion. And yet, we know that the current ‘Level of Service standard’ actually worsens congestion. A 21st-century mindset would evaluate projects based on their ability to enhance safety, climate resilience, mobility, and joy. This bill could get us there.”
Former city Department of Transportation official Jon Orcutt has long championed the idea of fixing environmental reviews so that they don’t always recommend widening roadways to mitigate the increase in traffic created by the project itself. Orcutt, now with Bike New York, added that current environmental impact statements don’t really admit that the road system itself influences and encourages people to drive. As such, he supports Gounardes’s effort.
“This change would be a great and long overdue update to the state’s environmental review law,” he said. “Hopefully other states and ultimately the feds would take similar reforms up once New York leads the way.”
Will it work? Early evidence shows that the level of service performance metric is a poor one in urban areas because any project, even an “infill” project that will have many benefits for the community will still reduce level of service for drivers.
Such urban areas might want to consider a different metric, according to the planning firm Dudek, because the “elimination of LOS can save money, result in a focus on VMT reduction, and speed up the environmental review process for some projects that trigger LOS impacts due to their location in congested areas.”
For the senator, the bill is not only about honesty in environmental review, but also a deeper discussion about how we use public space.
“We know what we have to do to protect the climate, which is significantly reduce personal vehicle usage, but we also have to be much more transformative in how we think about and plan for transportation infrastructure to the next generation,” he said.
“Look at the conversations we’re having about the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway right now — about what we need in the future,” he added. “If we can stop designing roadways to handle the greatest volume of vehicles, and actually reduce the number of cars, then there’s no need to have this conversation in the first place.”


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The system can’t perform the operation now. Try again later. Citations per year. Duplicate citations. The following articles are merged in Scholar. Their combined citations are counted only for the first article. Merged citations. This “Cited by” count includes citations to the following articles in Scholar.
From likes to love: trust catalysing the digital romantic journey
In addition the potential contributions of four theories, either those not traditionally applied to relationship development, or newly emerging theories will be explored: uses and gratifications theory Katz et al. The objective of this chapter is to identify the unique contributions each theory might make to research on how individuals use microchannel media to facilitate relationship processes. Miller sees You are not authenticated to view the full text of this chapter or article.
forms of online dating involve placing one’s romantic fate in the hands of a and is based loosely on the Myers-Briggs Theory and Type. Indicator, which was to the degree that they involve (a) relatively high levels of social exchanges that.
For details on it including licensing , click here. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author but see below , don’t make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. This content was accessible as of December 29, , and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz in an effort to preserve the availability of this book.
Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed.
Abstract This study provides a review of the theories relevant to the understanding of online dating. Dating as a concept and as an activity has a specific history and takes a specific form. It traditionally occurred in the offline world although there were mediated aspects to it with daters advertising themselves in newspapers and magazines and on other available platforms.
There are theories that try to explain the dating process and how relationships form between humans.
furthermore consider online dating as a kind of social exchange and describe emerging sociocul- between persons via a singles, matchmaking, or online dating Economic theory can be applied to understand social behavior. (e.g., Blau.
To browse Academia. Skip to main content. Log In Sign Up. Unfollow Follow Unblock. Other Affiliations:. My work focuses on how various forms of exchange are produced and maintained on the Internet, and more broadly, in co My current research topics include: 1 the formation of trust and cooperation in interpersonal online interactions, 2 the role of information as the object of social exchange, 3 the emergence of social exchange networks, and 4 the production of collective goods and the role of social incentives in online environments.
My work focuses on how various forms of exchange are produced and maintained on the Internet, and more broadly, in computer-mediated exchanges. Karen S. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. View on russellsage.
Academic journal article Journal of Marriage and Family. A longitudinal study with romantic couples was conducted to examine the importance of equity relative to other social exchange variables i. Underbenefiting inequity but not over– benefiting inequity was associated with a lower level of satisfaction and commitment and a greater likelihood of breakup.
recognize the interplay between various constructs leading to the success of online dating. Social exchange theory – a theoretical framework. Social exchange.
Individuals with ADHD exhibit behavior that is often seen as impulsive, disorganized, aggressive, overly sensitive, intense, emotional, or disruptive. Those with ADHD have a decreased ability to self-regulate their actions and reactions toward others. This can cause relationships to be overly tense and fragile. The topics in this section address some of the particular relationship issues faced by individuals with ADHD and others in their lives.
Individuals with ADHD often experience social difficulties, social rejection, and interpersonal relationship problems as a result of their inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Such negative interpersonal outcomes cause emotional pain and suffering. They also appear to contribute to the development of co-morbid mood and anxiety disorders. It is not difficult to understand the reasons why individuals with ADHD often struggle in social situations.
Over 25 percent of Americans experience chronic loneliness. One can only speculate that the figure is much higher for adults with ADHD. To interact effectively with others, an individual must be attentive, responsible and able to control impulsive behaviors. Adults with ADHD are often inattentive and forgetful and typically lack impulse control.
That is, people often perceive these behaviors and the individual who commits them as rude, self-centered, irresponsible, lazy, ill-mannered, and a host of other negative personality attributes.
Skip to Main Content. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world’s largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.
Which of the following statements about online dating is correct? The Social Exchange Theory of Interpersonal Attraction can be considered to be a(n) ___.
The present study revisits the construct of romantic relationships steered by social media platforms, through the dimensions of self-disclosure, social intimacy and trust. The role of trust as a mediator to determine the success of online dating is also explored in this study. The respondents were asked to fill a questionnaire provided they fulfilled the necessary conditions and expressed their consent to be a participant in this study.
The results also confirm a significant partial mediation effect of trust on the relationship between social intimacy and the success of online dating. Thus, practitioners need to keep in mind that the probability of online dating success is higher when individuals disclose more and engage in an intimate relationship driven by trust. The study was restricted to three most popular social media platforms in India where disclosure is limited to private timelines or messages.
As online dating sites continue to become more socially acceptable, a situation in which a Chinese exchange student was critiqued by her American peers paper uses the theory to observe both gender and culture on online dating sites.
The behavioural changes embraced by the current generation has prompted researchers to revisit the paradigm of human relationships, especially romantic liaisons. The present study revisits the construct of romantic relationships steered by social media platforms, through the dimensions of self-disclosure, social intimacy and trust. The role of trust as a mediator to determine the success of online dating is also explored in this study.
The respondents were asked to fill a questionnaire provided they fulfilled the necessary conditions and expressed their consent to be a participant in this study. The study validates that the extent of self-disclosure propels the degree of social intimacy. The results also confirm a significant partial mediation effect of trust on the relationship between social intimacy and the success of online dating.
Thus, practitioners need to keep in mind that the probability of online dating success is higher when individuals disclose more and engage in an intimate relationship driven by trust. The study was restricted to three most popular social media platforms in India where disclosure is limited to private timelines or messages. Another limitation of this study is that a multi-variate model of analysis could not be used due to the lack of parallel variables. Further studies can also compare online versus offline dating behaviour and determinants that influence the romantic relationship between two partners.
The new perspective could be to ascertain specific built-in mechanisms providers should develop to ensure that the new generation benefits from new technology rather than falling victim to its toxins. The study re-establishes the importance of the role of trust in any romantic relationship — may it be online or the more traditional, offline or face-to-face mode.

domain: psychology


text:
Doctor insights on:
Full Thickness Tear Of Anterior And Middle Third Subraspinatus
Rotator cuff have bilateral full thickness tear 10mm anterior to posterior and 11 mm medial to lateral is this surgery painful does this mean 2 tears?
We generally think in terms of centimeters - if both shoulders have similar size tears, then they are in the 'small' category, 1-2 cm in size.
As long as the tissue quality is good and the mris are recent, they should be repairable, likely arthroscopically.
However, the full recovery time is in the 3-6 month range regardless. As for pain, that depends more on the patient than the surgery. ...Read more
What is the treatment for full thickness tear in the anterior distal supraspinatus tendon with 1.5 CM of tendon retraction?
Depends: Depends on if you are having symptoms or not, if it's dominant or nondominant side. Can be treated conservatively initially with strengthening of the rotator cuff, steroid injection if needed. If this fails, ultimately surgery would be required to reconstruct the tendon and put it back where it should be. ...Read more
I have complex lateral meniscal tear w/ the lateral flap involving the anterior horn and body. Full thickness cartilage injuries to wt bearing surface?
Arthritis: Lateral meniscal tears are always a concern, but even more worrisome when arthritis is present. The tear could be incidental. Assess the joint space with standing straight, flexed views and assess alignment. Be very cautious when discussing the source of your pain and optimal treatment. ...Read more
I'm a 39 year old construction worker. My mri's show I have full thickness tears of the Anterior Supraspinatus in both shoulders what's the next step?
Full-thickness tear of the proximal insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament, likely acute. What are my options? I am very active, and I have been since I was about 5. Football, Softball, Basketball, and on and on. Please help with options with wha
What treatment is recommended for full-thickness anterior cruciate ligament graft tear? I have no pain and only minor instability (side to side).
See ORS: If your acl graft rupture is isolated (no meniscus injury, etc)your treatment may be nonoperative as long as the graft doesn't cause pain, catching or instability. See an experienced knee surgeon for examination and treatment alternatives. (revision acl reconstruction can always be done @ later date if your knee becomes more unstable).Best of luck! ...Read more
Can a mild articular sided fray of the anterior supraspinatus tendon with no full-thickness or large partial thickness tendon tear heal w/o surgery?
I have a full thickness tears of the anterior talofibular and anterior tibiofibular ligaments in my left ankle will I need surgery?
Not necessarily: Basically, you have an ankle sprain. The vast majority of people who have sprained their ankle do very well with nonoperative care. Sometimes with a "grade III" ankle sprain in which the ligaments are completely torn we will use a cast to treat initially for a short time. But no, surgery is usually not required. ...Read more
MRI showed in left ankle chronic full-thickness tear of the anterior talofibular ligament superior bundle. Is surgery required?
Usually not.: For most lateral ankle ligament injuries, including tears, surgery is not required. Of course, different circumstances call for different treatments. Most respond to immobilization, physical therapy and eventual rehab with some injuries. Consult your physician you considerations about your specific circumstances. ...Read more
I received my MRI it says 1. Full thickness tear of the proximal ACL with anterior translation of tibia with respect of femur, do I need surgery?
ACL surgery?: Depends on your situation. Most young, athletic, and otherwise healthy patients can benefit from acl reconstruction. If you are a high level or elite athlete, you may certainly benefit from acl repair. However, if you are in poor health and not physically active, surgery may not be the best option. Consulting with a qualified and experienced orthopedic surgeon should be your 1st step. ...Read more
I have a 9 mm full tear of supraspinatus tendon. In the anterior footplate. Is surgery needed? Assuming so. Anything I should know?
Sometimes....: 9mm tear still means that the other half (posterior) of your supraspinatus is intact. If the pain is minimal and you can avoid overhead activity then you can wait and see if it fully tears before you undergo surgery. Some would say that eventually it will completely tear so better just to get it over with now. ...Read more
U can: I'm assuming u have bilateral rotator cuff tears. Iif their are no contraindications you should have these fixed arthroscopically. In the mean time u can strengthen your shoulders by doing isometric rc strengthening exercises. I wouldn't do " shoulder" and " chest" workouts in the gym. This could aggravate your rc pain and possibly increase the size of the tears! ...Read more
Depends: So depends on wear tear is. Is it just a laceration or cut on the hand or skin? If it is superficial or small then it does not require any stitches/sutures. If deeper it may benefit from some stitches. But usually not surgery. This can be assessed in a local urgent care or emergency room or even by your doctor. At this point, keep it clean with antibiotic ointment and occlusive dressing/bandaid. ...Read more
Rotator Cuff Tear: If you are 31 and have a full thickness tear of your suprspinatous tendon, you have a problem. The supraspinatous is one of the 4 muscles that make up your rotator cuff. Tears at your age are unusual, often due to trauma and should generally be repaired with surgery. See an orthopaedist to get it checked out. ...Read more
Doubtful: The tfcc has two components. The central component is cartilage with poor blood supply that is not capable of healing on its own if torn. The peripheral component is both ligamentous and cartilaginous, has better blood supply and is capable of healing if torn. However the majority of peripheral tears require arthroscopic repair, a trial of immobilization may result in the tear healing sometimes. ...Read more
Tear: A full thickness tear would need to be repaired. Consult an orthodetic surgeon. ...Read more
Bilateral torn rotator cuffs full thickness small tears 10 CM by 11 CM what is recovery time after surgery?
Depends: 10-11cm tears.? Prob. U meant 10-11mm or~ 1 cm tears? If the tears are small and symptomatic arthroscopic rot. Cuff repair may be indicated in your age. If they are really big (3-4 inch) tears involving more than one rc tendon than your arthroscopic repair may take longer to heal and rehabilitate (4-6 months).Seek an ors surgeon skilled in shoulder surgery. Good luck! ...Read more
Is surgery required when diagnosis says full-thickness tear of supraspinatus tendon is seen? Been 4 mos. What's consequence when surgery is not done?
Hi, I have a full thickness bicep tear at the shoulder. Is there usually swelling, discoloration & visually disformaties?
Yes: There is frequently swelling and bruising if the long head of the biceps tendon tore at the shoulder recently. The biceps muscle tends to ball up closer to the elbow called a Popeye deformity. The swelling and bruising will go away but the Popeye deformity will remain unless it is surgically corrected which isn't necessary unless there are other injuries like a rotator cuff tear. ...Read more
Depends: If the ACL has not retracted, it may heal on its own, sometimes it does not. When it does not, then physical therapy and braces can be used to strengthen the knee overall. If you are not a very active person this may be just fine, however ACL replacement surgery is an option. If you do not want surgery than stem cell therapy can be used to heal tissues/ligements. Check out Regenexx. Com. ...Read more
Need specifics: Tear of what? Full-thickness tears may require surgical repair. ...Read more
Depends: Surgical treatment for full thickness rotator cuff tears (RCT) depends on age, activity level, pain level, weakness, and tear characteristics (size, location, amount of retraction, chronicity). Your orthopaedic surgeon will discuss these issues to help you decide if and when surgery is appropriate. 33 is very young to have a RCT and I usually recommend surgery for acute tears at this age. ...Read more
Had noninvasive procedure done to repair a labrum and 80% full thickness tear in my right shoulder 6 months ago I completed PT but I'm still limited?
Ii fall at work, I had a MRI done the impression said, full-thickness to full Thickness tear of the distal Supraspinatus 8mm. Do this require surgery?
Depends: Are you sure they did not mean full thickness, full width or complete tear? Depending on how long ago or chronic the tear is, and whether or not there is fatty atrophy of the Supraspinatus muscle bulk, you might need surgery (especially yes if the tear is a recent full thickness, full width tear with retraction of the tendon, and there is no fatty atrophy of the Supraspinatus muscle) ...Read more
Small amount of fluid within the subacrominal subdeltoid bursa which may reflect in bursitis in the absence of visualized full thickness r-cuff tear?
Inflamed bursa: A bursa is a small sac that often cushions an area around a bony prominence and also often sits next to tendon. Subacromial bursitis often accompanies a significant rotator cuff tear and less commonly, can occur by itself as a result of inflammation. Treatment can include rest from aggravating activities, anti-inflammatory meds, physical therapy and corticosteroid injections. ...Read more
Does a full-thickness tear of the Achilles Tendon mean a complete rupture? Or does it mean that there is a tear going though the entire tendon depth?
Semantics.: To me both descriptions are one in the same. There can many ways to describe the same injury, often based on personal preference and what would most easily be understood by a patient. ...Read more
- Talk to a doctor online
- Focal full thickness tear
- Full thickness tear acl
- Gluteus minimum full thickness tear
- Full thickness tear of supraspinatus tendon treatment
- Full thickness tear distal supraspinatus tendon
- Full thickness proximal to mid cal tear
- Recurrent full thickness tear of posterior cuff
- Do people with full thickness tear of posterior rotator cuff do very well without revision surgery?
- Full thickness acl tear

domain: medical


text:
Background and Purpose Pial arterioles have diverse mechanisms for endothelium-dependent dilations. In mice, different mechanisms or endothelium-derived mediators exist for each of the following dilators: acetylcholine, bradykinin, and calcium ionophore A-23187. This study tests the response to each of these dilators during profound ischemia. The response to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent dilator, was also tested.
Methods In each mouse, ischemia was produced by bilateral carotid artery ligation that reduced cortical blood flow by approximately 90% as determined by laser-Doppler flowmetry. In separate studies of 10 mice each, dilations of pial arterioles to two doses of each dilator were compared before and after 10 minutes of occlusion, with the occlusion continuing during the second set of measurements. The dilator was applied in the suffusate bathing the pial surface exposed at a craniotomy site. Diameters were monitored by in vivo television microscopy and image splitting.
Results The dose-dependent dilations to acetylcholine, bradykinin, and calcium ionophore A-23187 were each profoundly depressed during ischemia. The response to sodium nitroprusside was not depressed. In all cases, the ischemia was accompanied by arteriolar narrowing of approximately 25% and by obvious slowing of blood flow observed by intravital microscopy. Superoxide dismutase plus catalase failed to prevent the depressed response to acetylcholine.
Conclusions Endothelium-dependent dilations, mediated by diverse endothelium-derived relaxing factors, are depressed during ischemia of 10 to 15 minutes’ duration. This cannot be a nonselective effect on vessel responsivity caused by constriction, reduced flow, or reduced intraluminal pressure during ischemia because under the same conditions dilation to endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside is preserved. The selective endothelial dysfunction may play a role in exacerbating ischemia by precluding the ability of some dilators, released during ischemia, to dilate the resistance vessels.
The effects of ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion have been extensively studied in several organs, including brain and heart. It is surprising, therefore, that there have been very few publications concerning the effect of ischemia or of ischemia-reperfusion on the vasomotor properties of brain blood vessels.1 2 3 4 The following report describes an inhibitory effect of ischemia on some endothelium-dependent responses in resistance vessels on the brain surface (pial arterioles). The responses to three different endothelium-dependent dilators were tested because these dilators—ACh, BK, and calcium ionophore A-23187—each have a different endothelium-derived mediator by which they dilate pial arterioles.5 6 7 8 In addition, the effect of SNP, an endothelium-independent dilator, was tested. Finally, scavengers of oxygen-centered radicals were tested to see whether they altered the effects of ischemia or the responses to dilator.
Materials and Methods
All procedures were approved by the institution’s animal care and use committee.
Male ICR mice (Harlan–Sprague-Dawley; weight, 27 to 35 g) were used. They were anesthetized with urethan and the pial surface exposed as previously reported (eg, References 9 and 10). Briefly, a tracheostomy and craniotomy were performed, and the dura was stripped from the craniotomy site to expose the pial vessels beneath the transparent arachnoid. The mouse was maintained at 37°C with a heated mattress, and the pial surface was continuously suffused with mock cerebrospinal fluid (Elliott’s solution11 ) at 37°C. The pH of the suffusate was adjusted by bubbling CO2 through it and was always between 7.34 and 7.35, differing slightly within this range from mouse to mouse but always remaining constant for any individual mouse. All drugs were dissolved in the Elliott’s solution except for calcium ionophore. Stocks of the latter were made with the aid of DMSO added to the solution. The final dilutions were made in Elliott’s solution, and in preliminary studies identical amounts of DMSO did not affect the diameter or responsivity of the pial arterioles. All drug solutions, when suffused, had the same pH as the Elliott’s solution.
In each mouse a pial arteriole was selected for continuous monitoring with the use of incident light, microscope, television camera, and monitor. An image-splitting system was used to measure diameter.12 Such systems are capable of measuring changes less than 0.5 μm in size, as explained by Dyson.13 In our laboratory an object 10 μm wide was measured on 20 consecutive occasions with a standard error of 0.2 μm. With 10 μm as a standard, a 5-μm distance was measured and deviated by only 1% (0.05 μm) from the predicted size.
The only criterion for selection of the arteriole to be monitored was an internal diameter between 25 and 40 μm with a straight segment at least 100 μm long. In practice the mean and range of diameters selected for the different groups of mice were virtually identical.
Each mouse had a ligature of 4-0 suture material loosely placed around each common carotid artery. The artery was narrowed by pulling on both ends of the ligature. In these studies both arteries were ligated in this way except in sham-operated mice, in which the ligatures were not tightened.
A laser-Doppler flowmeter and probe14 15 16 were used to continuously monitor flow over the cerebral hemisphere. This method provides a very accurate record of flow expressed in arbitrary units.14 15 16 The probe was placed over the craniotomy at a position adjacent to the monitored vessel. However, preliminary data showed that flow was uniformly depressed over all points in the parietal cortex of both hemispheres (to approximately 10% of control) during bilateral carotid ligation.
The following topically applied drugs were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co: ACh, BK, calcium ionophore A-23187, SNP, SOD, and catalase (thymol free). Only one drug was tested per mouse. Cumulative dose-response curves were obtained with the use of two ascending doses. Each was applied for 2 minutes (a plateau was reached). The application began after 10 minutes of ischemia, and the ligation was maintained throughout.
Neither arterial gases nor systemic blood pressure was monitored during the ischemic period. It was thought that systemic blood pressure was irrelevant since intraluminal pressure must be very low in the ischemic brain with flow only 10% of baseline levels. Similarly, arterial CO2 alters pial arteriolar diameter only insofar as the CO2 controls local pH.17 In cases in which flow is greatly diminished, as in the present study, local pH must be strongly affected by metabolic changes, such as local acidosis, that are not reflected in arterial CO2 levels. Nevertheless, in a separate series of 7 mice, we continuously measured expired CO2 (a function of Paco2) using a microcapnometer (Columbus Instruments), and we continuously monitored blood pressure via the femoral artery. After 10 minutes of bilateral carotid occlusion, the expired CO2 had fallen dramatically in every mouse; the systemic blood pressure rose in 2 and fell in 5 of the 7. In these 5 it was reduced by approximately 40%. For the reasons noted above, we do not believe that such systemic measurements of CO2 or blood pressure are of much value in interpreting events in a local microvascular bed cut off from the systemic blood supply.
Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Major treatments were before versus during ischemia. Minor treatments were the two doses of the drug being tested.
As indicated below, bilateral carotid ligation uniformly reduced flow to approximately 10% of baseline. This was accompanied by narrowing of the arterioles, and “trickle flow” (barely moving and/or intermittently moving columns of red blood cells) was observed through the microscope. Separate experiments are reported below investigating responses to ACh, SNP, BK, and calcium ionophore A-23187, respectively, before and during bilateral occlusion. The mean flows in each study, as expressed in absolute laser-Doppler flow units, were remarkably similar (66±25, 65±13, 70±11, and 61±14 flow units [mean±SD], respectively), as were flows after 10 minutes of bilateral occlusion (6±2, 5±3, 7±2, and 4±1 flow units, respectively).
Effect of Ischemia on Response to ACh
Fig 1⇓ shows the dose-dependent (P<.001) dilation produced by the endothelium-dependent dilator ACh before ischemia and the significant reduction (P<.01) in magnitude of the response and loss of dose response at the end of a 10-minute period of ischemia. During ischemia the dilation produced by ACh was reduced or zero in 9 of the 10 mice; in 2 mice ACh produced constriction during ischemia. At the time the ischemic response was tested, flow was only 9±6% (mean±SD) of preischemic value; diameter was also reduced, to 72±13% (mean±SD) of its preischemic value of 30±3 μm.
Effect of Ischemia on Response to SNP
Since ischemia reduced flow and diameter, it is possible that one or both of these actions caused a nonspecific loss in dilating ability that would explain the diminished response to ACh. Therefore, SNP, an endothelium-independent dilator, was tested in a separate experiment (n=10). Fig 2⇓ shows absolutely no effect on response at the end of a 10-minute ischemic period, even though flow was reduced to the same degree as in the ACh study (8±5% of base), and diameter was reduced to 78±16% of its preischemic level of 30±2 μm.
Effect of Ischemia on Response to BK or Calcium Ionophore A-23187
Each of these endothelium-dependent dilators was tested in its own, separate experiment. Fig 3⇓ shows the dose-dependent (P<.001) dilation produced by BK before ischemia and the dramatic reduction (P<.01) in response after a 10-minute period of ischemia. The dilation produced by BK was reduced or zero during ischemia in 9 of the 10 mice, and constriction rather than dilation was produced in 3 of them. The flow was reduced to 10±3% of baseline at that time, and diameters were 75±13% of the preischemic value of 31±3 μm.
Fig 4⇓ shows the effect of ischemia on the response to calcium ionophore A-23187. In this experiment the design was changed so the mice did not serve as their own controls. Instead, an ischemic group and a sham-operated group were used. This was done to avoid the possible toxic effects to the vessels of many applications of ionophore. The figure shows the dose-dependent (P<.01) dilation produced by calcium ionophore A-23187 in the absence of ischemia and the large reduction in this response (P<.01) when tested after 10 minutes of ischemia. Flow was reduced to 7±2% of baseline and diameter to 74±15% of the basal value of 29±1 μm.
In addition to the SNP study already presented, we performed time controls in two separate series of sham-operated mice to be certain that responses to either ACh or BK did not simply diminish with the passage of a 10-minute interval between tests. Responses to ACh were identical at the two test points (dilations of 6±2% and 14±1% before and 5±3% and 14±2% after the 10-minute interval; n=5). The response to BK was not affected by the passage of time (dilations of 7±9% and 14±4% before and 7±2% and 13±2% after the 10-minute interval).
Effects of SOD and Catalase
Because superoxide and/or hydroxyl radical may be generated during ischemia4 and because radicals may injure endothelium and/or destroy the endothelium-derived mediator of the dilation produced by ACh, the pial surface of 10 mice was suffused with mock cerebrospinal fluid containing 80 U/mL SOD and 50 U/mL catalase beginning at the time of bilateral carotid occlusion and continuing for 14 minutes until the end of the test of ACh during the occluded period. Before occlusion, dilations of 5±3% and 13±1% were produced in arterioles 29±1 μm wide by 5×10−5 and 4×10−4 mol/L ACh, respectively. After occlusion and in the presence of SOD plus catalase, there was still a profound depression of response (dilations of only 0±3% and 3±2%, respectively). This depression of response during ischemia was similar to and indeed greater (not less) than that produced in a parallel, contemporary control group of 10 mice not treated with the radical scavengers. These mice displayed dilations of 6±3% and 12±4% to the two doses of ACh before ischemia and only 3±3% and 4±3% at the end of the 10-minute ischemic period.
The new findings are the dramatic reduction and/or virtual loss of response to endothelium-dependent dilators during an ischemic period. The period was 10 minutes long, and the tests of responsiveness took place while ischemia was still present, during a period of several more minutes. Thus, this was not a study of responsivity during reperfusion. In fact, we are aware of only three earlier studies of response to agonists during ischemia.1 2 3 Two of these1 2 were before the time when endothelium-dependent responses had been discovered, and both concern responses to constrictors applied after 2 or more hours of ischemia. One of the two studies indicated enhanced responsiveness of pial arteries or arterioles to the constrictor serotonin.1
In the past decade there have been very few reports of responsivity during reperfusion. Dilation by ACh was abolished and replaced by constriction in cats reperfused for 30 minutes after 10 minutes of total cessation of flow to the underlying cortex.4 The authors provided evidence that this might be due to prolonged production of superoxide or hydroxyl reduced by the brain during and for a prolonged period after ischemia.4
The EDRF for dilation by ACh may contain and possibly gives off nitric oxide, but its precise chemical composition has not been determined.18 Because BK and calcium ionophore A-23187 each have their own EDRF and these differ in nature from the EDRF for ACh, we have adopted the nomenclature EDRFACh, EDRFBK, and EDRFionophore. Oxygen-centered radicals destroy EDRFACh.19 In the aforementioned study concerning ischemia-reperfusion,4 no data were provided that would enable one to distinguish between damage of endothelium by the radicals or inactivation of EDRFACh.
The findings in the present study suggest that loss of response to ACh begins during ischemia and is not dependent on reperfusion. Moreover, the result may not be a simple consequence of destruction of EDRFACh by radicals. This is because the responses to BK and calcium ionophore A-23187 were also markedly impaired. Hydroxyl radical is itself the EDRF for BK,6 7 and ionophore is mediated by an eicosanoid8 and is not thought to be destroyed by oxygen-centered radicals. Since responses mediated by three different EDRFs were all greatly impaired during ischemia and only one of the EDRFs is known to be destroyed by radicals, production of the radicals cannot be the sole explanation for our data. Indeed, since we found no protective action of SOD plus catalase on the deleterious effect of ischemia when ACh was the dilator, we cannot even ascribe the impaired response to ACh to either superoxide, hydroxyl ion, or hydrogen peroxide.
The release of EDRFACh and probably that of EDRFBK are receptor mediated. The response to ionophore is not receptor mediated. The effect of ischemia on dilation by all three agonists suggests that ischemia has an action that reduces release of diverse EDRFs whether or not that release is receptor coupled. One obvious factor that might explain the results is the reduction of flow and shear that parallels ischemia. The spontaneous or basal release of at least two different EDRFs, EDRFACh20 21 22 and a prostanoid,23 appears to depend on and/or increase with increasing flow and shear. It may be that profound reduction of shear also prevents or greatly decreases agonist-stimulated release of EDRFs. Basal release of EDRFACh does occur from mouse pial arterioles.24
The responses to agonists in this study were modest to moderate in size, and high doses were required to elicit them. This might be due in part to barriers to penetration through the pia-arachnoid and/or to rapid breakdown of one or the other agonist as it diffused to the endothelium. Unless the steady-state concentration of dilator reaching the endothelium is known, one cannot conjecture about the physiological significance to the mouse of the responses. However, it should be pointed out that in the microcirculation small changes in diameter have much larger effects on resistance because of the cubic relationship between the two variables.25 It should also be pointed out that ACh and BK may each be released by damaged brain tissue and so are available to get to the vessels during or after ischemia.26 27 Calcium ionophore is, of course, neither a physiological nor pathophysiological agonist. However, it directly tests the release of an endothelium-derived mediator triggered by a rise in intracellular calcium, an important vasoregulatory mechanism for release of EDRFs, probably including EDRFs released by shear.21 It has been shown that EDRFACh is released by shear.20 21 22 Consequently, apart from either their physiological or pathophysiological importance to the mouse, the agents and species used here provide a test of mechanisms for cerebrovascular control that may be important in a variety of species and that are called into play and found wanting during ischemia.
A word should be added concerning the use of the term “ischemia” in the present model. Flow was not reduced to zero as in another study, cited earlier.4 However, reductions to approximately 10% of baseline were consistently achieved. Some may wish the term ischemia to refer only to zero flow and to use another term, such as oligemia, to describe lesser degrees of compromise. Such usage might be thought particularly advisable when the laser-Doppler technique is used to measure flow since the technique, although quantitative, gives only relative rather than absolute values.14 15 16 However, ischemia is the term commonly used to refer to severe degrees of oligemia, especially those that produce symptoms. In the present study direct microscopic observations of the pial surface accompanied laser-Doppler measurement of flow in the underlying cortex and confirmed the conclusion that flow was severely impaired. Thus, these observations consistently showed slowing of red cells and trickle flow.
As reported in “Results,” the average preischemic flow in a group of mice tested with one dilator was remarkably similar to that in any of the other groups of mice, with means ranging from 61 to 70 flow units with SDs of 13 to 25 flow units. The decline in flow during bilateral ligation brought flows down to less than 10% of baseline in all four studies. Since the responses to ACh, BK, and calcium ionophore A-23187 were all impaired, it is reasonable to conclude that flows reduced by at least 90% will result after 10 minutes in a general impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation. A similar conclusion can be drawn if one looks at variability within groups as opposed to between groups. Thus, as noted in “Results,” in cases in which mice served as their own control (ACh and BK groups), the response during ischemia was impaired or eliminated in virtually every mouse (9 of 10 in each study). Therefore, it is clear that essentially all levels of flow reduction within the studied range resulted in impaired endothelium-dependent responses. It should also be pointed out that no mice were discarded because of insufficient flow reduction. That is, all mice were used, and the uniformity of preligation and postligation flows and flow reductions was as just described. No attempt was made to define a threshold of reduction above which responses would be unimpaired. This would require studies with less severe carotid ligation.
Because the laser-Doppler technique does not provide absolute flow values, we cannot provide the flow values before and during ischemia. However, for the reasons stated in the preceding paragraph, it is reasonable to assume they were similar in all groups. Since we are not attempting to provide a threshold, in absolute milliliters per 100 g per minute of flow, for the effect observed, the laser-Doppler technique as used here seems adequate to draw the conclusions we have made, namely, that reductions of flow approximating 90% or greater lead to impaired endothelium-dependent responses.
We have not attempted to define in absolute flow values an ischemic threshold for the appearance of impaired endothelium-dependent dilation. However, this may not be the critical value necessary to predict the effect. During the first 10 minutes it may not be ischemia per se or associated metabolic changes that accounted for the effect but rather the abrupt profound reduction of shear. This reduction in shear may impair the ability of endothelium to synthesize and/or release relaxing factors. In this regard, it is relevant to comment on the marked narrowing of arterioles observed during the 10 minutes of ischemia. Initially, we conceived of this phenomenon as “passive” collapse caused by the presence of tone in the face of greatly diminished distending pressure. Moreover, we thought that because of this great diminution in distending pressure vessels would not dilate to any dilator. This expectation was clearly incorrect since dilation by SNP was not compromised. Since of the four dilators tested only SNP was not compromised, the dilation produced by SNP cannot simply represent passive distension of the arteriole but must represent a metabolic effect in the vascular smooth muscle. This effect is most probably activation of guanylate cyclase, and the resultant decrease in tone permits even minimal intraluminal pressure to dilate the vessel. However, if there is sufficient distending pressure to dilate the arterioles when their tone is decreased by SNP, why isn’t there enough distending pressure to prevent narrowing before drug application? The explanation may reside, at least in part, in the same phenomenon we used to explain the diminished response to all three endothelium-dependent dilators, namely, reduced flow and shear. This will reduce basal release of EDRFACh and prostacyclin. Basal release of EDRFACh has been demonstrated from pial arterioles.24 Consequently, it is suggested that reduced basal release of EDRFACh, perhaps in concert with reduced distending pressure, accounts for the narrowing demonstrated during ischemia. This then would not be mere passive collapse but rather constriction occurring because tone increased as a result of a loss of one or more tone-reducing paracrine mediators.
The preserved response to SNP also indicates that impaired responses to ACh, BK, and calcium ionophore A-23187 were not a nonspecific consequence of reduced flow or of testing narrowed or constricted vessels. The arterioles in the study of SNP were constricted during ischemia by an amount equal to or greater than the constriction seen in the other experiments. Flow was also reduced to comparable degrees in all experiments. In fact, the response to SNP during ischemia was somewhat larger than the response to SNP before ischemia. The difference was not statistically significant. However, the trend is in keeping with the hypothesis that basal release of EDRFACh was reduced. This would lead to reduction of basal levels of cGMP in the vascular smooth muscle. It is well known that the response to activators of guanylate cyclase, like SNP, may increase when basal levels of cGMP have been reduced.
Selected Abbreviations and Acronyms
|EDRF||=||endothelium-derived relaxing factor|
This study was supported by grant HL-35935 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Reprint requests to William I. Rosenblum, MD, Department of Neuropathology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980017, Richmond, VA 23298-0017.
Review of this manuscript was directed by Guest Editor Richard J. Traystman, PhD.
- Received March 13, 1995.
- Revision received June 16, 1995.
- Accepted July 6, 1995.
- Copyright © 1995 by American Heart Association
Rosenblum WI. Contractile responses of pial arterioles in gerbils with unilateral carotid ligation. Stroke. 1981;12:83-85.
Mayhan WG, Amundsen SM, Faraci FM, Heistad DD. Responses of cerebral arteries after ischemia and reperfusion in cats. Am J Physiol. 1988;255:H879-H889.
Nelson CW, Wei EP, Povlishock JT, Kontos HA, Moskowitz MA. Oxygen radicals in cerebral ischemia. Am J Physiol. 1992;263:H1356-H1362.
Rosenblum WI, Nelson GH, Shimizu T. L-arginine suffusion restores response to acetylcholine in brain arterioles with damaged endothelium. Am J Physiol. 1992;262:H961-H964.
Rosenblum WI. Hydroxyl radical mediates the endothelium dependent relaxation produced by bradykinin in mouse cerebral arterioles. Circ Res. 1987;61:601-603.
Kontos HA, Wei EP, Kukreja RC, Ellis EF, Hess ML. Differences in endothelium dependent cerebral vasodilation by bradykinin and acetylcholine. Am J Physiol. 1990;258:H1261-H1266.
Rosenblum WI, Nelson GH. Endothelium dependence of dilation of pial arterioles in mouse brain by calcium ionophore. Stroke. 1988;9:1379-1382.
Rosenblum WI, Nelson GH, Povlishock JT. Laser induced endothelial damage inhibits endothelium dependent relaxation in the cerebral microcirculation of the mouse. Circ Res. 1987;60:169-176.
Rosenblum WI, Zweifach BW. Cerebral microcirculation in the mouse brain. Arch Neurol. 1963;9:414-423.
Baez S. Recording of microvascular dimensions with an image splitter television microscope. J Appl Physiol. 1966;21:299-301.
Dyson J. Precise measurement by image splitting. J Opt Soc Am. 1960;50:754-757.
Haberl RL, Heizer ML, Marmarou A, Ellis EF. Laser-Doppler assessment of brain microcirculation: effect of systemic alterations. Am J Physiol. 1989;256:H1247-H1254.
Heistad D, Kontos HA. Cerebral circulation. In: Shepherd JT, Aboud F, eds. Handbook of Physiology: Section 2, Volume 3, Part 1. Bethesda, Md: American Physiological Society; 1983: chap 5.
Rosenblum WI. Endothelium dependent relaxing factor in brain blood vessels is not nitric oxide. Stroke. 1992;23:1527-1532.
Kuchan MJ, Frangos JA. Role of calcium and calmodulin in flow-induced nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol. 1994;266:C628-C636.
Pohl U, Herlan K, Huang A, Bassenge E. EDRF mediated shear induced dilation opposes myogenic vasoconstriction in small rabbit arteries. Am J Physiol. 1991;261:H2016-H2023.
McIntire LU, Frangos JA, Eskin SG, Hall ER. Effect of hemodynamic shear on arachidonic acid metabolism of vascular endothelium. In: Hartmann A, Kuschinsky W, eds. Cerebral Ischemia and Hemorrhealogy. Berlin, Germany: Springer Publishing Co, Inc; 1987:280-289.
Rosenblum WI, Nishimura H, Nelson GH. Endothelium dependent L-arginine and L-NMMA sensitive mechanisms regulate tone of brain microvessels. Am J Physiol. 1990;259:H1396-H1401.
Mayrovitz HN, Roy J. Microvascular blood flow: evidence indicating a cubic dependence on arteriolar diameter. Am J Physiol. 1983;245:H1031-H1038.
Ellis EF. Initiation of eicosanoid and free radical formation following brain injury: the role of the kallikrein-kinin system. In: Bazan NG, ed. Lipid Mediators in Ischemic Brain Damage and Experimental Epilepsy. New Trends in Lipid Mediators Research. 1990; 4:129-145.

domain: biology


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- May 2, 2023
- Posted by: Muhammad Shehzad
- Category: RBS News
ISLAMABAD: Ishaq Dar asked CDA to conduct a balloting of Nilore Heights before 8th May
Recent news shows, Ishaq Dar, the finance federal minister, request that balloting of Nilore Heights take place in Nilore Heights before 8th May. Only overseas Pakistanis can live in the residential complex.
According to reports, Finance Minister Dar issued these directives during a meeting to review CDA’s projects for overseas Pakistanis. The meeting was informed about the open auction-based allocation of commercial and residential plots for Pakistanis living abroad. Nilore Heights is one of the development projects that Minister Dar directed the authority to move on with.
The registration for plots in Sectors C-14 and C-16 for expatriates will begin in the following phase also announced at the meeting. Toto help overseas Pakistanis the CDA has also established assistance counters.
For worthwhile investment options, you may invest in Nova City Islamabad.
Additionally, the minister asked that the Kuri and Overseas Enclave projects move forward at a faster rate. To increase foreign exchange reserves, he directed that investors who purchase commercial plots at auction using US dollars should receive particular incentives. Minister Dar requested that a strategy is in place by mid-next month to auction plots in Sectors C-14 and C-16.
For more updates stay tuned to RBS Real Estate and Builders

domain: finance


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Square Enix shocked many fans (and non-fans) when it announced a new mainline Kingdom Hearts title. Developed on Unreal Engine 5, Kingdom Hearts 4 takes place in the world of Quadratum and though Sora is very much alive, he’s still battling against the Heartless. Among the many changes in combat, director Tetsuya Nomura has confirmed the return of a fan-favorite feature – Reaction Commands.
Speaking to Famitsu (translation via DeepL), Nomura said, “In the video, you can see button icons appear when an enemy punches you, and you can think of it as a kind of reaction command that existed in Kingdom Hearts 2.” As for why it’s indicated by a black circle, he clarified that, it’s “simply because we have not announced which models are compatible with it.”
As for why Reaction Commands are making a return, Nomura said, “After the release of Kingdom Hearts 3 we saw a lot of requests for the return of the reaction command, so we brought it back.” It really is that simple.
Reaction Commands were famous in Kingdom Hearts 2 – and follow-ups like Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep – for extending combos and performing special actions. They gave a stylish flair in many instances and were generally well-regarded but didn’t make the cut for Kingdom Hearts 3. With their return, it should be interesting to see how the combat evolves further.
Kingdom Hearts 4 doesn’t have a release date or platforms. Stay tuned for more details in the meantime.

domain: news


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A female entrepreneur set up a company to produce high quality fashion products made of natural material.
Projects & Practice
The ‘Terroir Moselle wine and architecture route’ is a ‘preparatory’ cooperation project gathering six LEADER areas, five wine growing areas from four regions and three countries.
In an area where the agricultural sector is under pressure due the expansion of a nearby urban centre, the diversification of farming activities e.g. ice-cream production and marketing, can ensure the farm’s sustainability.
A project that aimed to mobilise society, build inter-generational cooperation and promote the region’s culinary tradition as means to preserve its cultural heritage.
RDP support financed a series of restoration and basic works on a historic monument church in rural Romania.
A farm employing people with special needs set up a process line and an experimental kitchen, where non-commercial agricultural produce can be turned into new products.
A cheese-producing farm used RDP support to set up a new plant for producing speciality cheeses and ensure its long-term financial sustainability.
An initiative to promote young farmers participation entrepreneurship and innovation
for sustainable rural areas
Amstelland Natuurzuivel is a cooperative of farmers in the Amstelland region who set up a milk factory to produce regional dairy products for the Amsterdam area.
Using RDP support to establish an agricultural holding, purchase agricultural machinery and launch a young farmer’s career .

domain: agronomy


For the past decade, audiences around the world have come to marvel at the technical mastery it takes to produce crème pâtissière, strudel, custards, trifles, and cakes as showcased on The Great British Baking Show. The reality competition show became an unexpected runaway success when it premiered in 2010, and has since cemented itself as a fan-favorite, even after its controversial move from BBC to Channel 4 in 2017.
See all of the 'Great British Baking Show' winners today.
But with 10 seasons completed, the show has produced so many winners that it’s hard to keep track of everyone’s baking escapades after they won the coveted title of best baker in Great Britain.
Keep scrolling for a comprehensive list of what the winners have been up to after their escapades in the white tent on The Great British Baking Show.
Season 1: Edd Kimber
The first season of GBBO had over 3 million viewers that watched Edd Kimber be crowned the competition show’s first ever Star Baker. Since his win on the show, the former debt collector has published four books titled Say It With Cakes, The Boy Who Bakes, Patisserie Made Simple, and most recently, One Tin Bakes.
Edd also hosts a podcast, Stir The Pot, and regularly posts recipes to his website The Boy Who Bakes. Since the lockdown, Edd’s also started offering food photography and styling services.
Season 2: Joanne Wheatley
Like her predecessor Edd, Joanne used her win on GBBO to publish a couple of cookbooks called A Passion for Baking and Home Baking, and she also runs her own website called Jo’s Blue Aga, where she publishes recipes and updates about her life.
In 2018, Joanne also started to run a cooking school out of her home in Essex, which was such a success that the classes sold out six months in advance.
Season 3: John Whaite
After winning Season 3’s title of Star Baker, John went on to pursue his passion for baking more seriously, and earned his patisserie diploma from Le Cordon Bleu. Since graduating, he’s opened John Whaite's Kitchen, where he teaches classes on Italian cooking, advanced pastry, and American Pies, to name a just few courses.
He also runs his own chocolate shop called The Hungry Dog Artisan Chocolates, and has published three books: John Whaite Bakes, John Whaite Bakes At Home, and Perfect Plates in 5 Ingredients.
Season 4: Frances Quinn
All of GBBO's winners have gone on to do big things, but none as big as Frances … literally! In 2017, Frances baked the world’s largest Jaffa cake with an impressive 4-foot diameter, making her a Guinness World Record Holder.
Since winning her GBBO title, Frances has also baked for famous people like the illustrator Quentin Blake and has appeared on the pages of Vogue magazine. Fans can also catch up with Frances via her website, where she blogs about her favorite recipes.
Recently, Frances was in a spot of trouble with the law when she was caught shoplifting from British supermarket Waitrose, but the matter was quickly dealt with by way of a community resolution (meaning that no formal police record was issued).
Season 5: Nancy Birtwhistle
Since winning GBBO, adorable grandmother-of-eight Nancy runs a successful baking blog, contributes to publications like The Telegraph, and has appeared on a number of British cookery shows. Although she didn’t plan on writing a cookbook, Nancy’s fans kept asking her for one and she finally released a delightfully named cookbook, Sizzle & Drizzle: Tips for a Modern Day Home-Maker, in which she provides helpful hints and tips to make life easier around the kitchen.
Season 6: Nadiya Hussain
Oh Nadiya, the baker who stole all of our hearts and even made Mary Berry cry!
Nadiya’s arguably had the biggest success story to leave the baking tent and has been extremely busy since winning Star Baker on Season 6 of GBBO.
Since her time on the show, Nadiya has gone on to bake a cake for the Queen herself! She’s also made regular TV appearances on shows like Junior Bake Off and the Big Family Cooking Showdown, has written eight(!) books, and also writes for BBC Good Food, The Guardian, and The Telegraph.
Nadiya has also gone on to host her own cooking shows: Nadiya’s British Food Adventure on BBC Two and Nadiya’s Time to Eat on Netflix.
Season 7: Candice Brown
After winning the coveted cake stand on Season 7, Candice Brown gave up her former career as a physical education teacher to pursue baking full-time.
She started writing a weekly column for The Sunday Times and released a cookbook called Comfort: Delicious Bakes and Family Treats. Candice now runs a stylish pub, The Green Man in Bedfordshire, where she serves beer and bakes up delicious treats like sticky toffee pudding, banoffee roulade, and Pimms jam Victoria sponge.
She also lives above the pub with husband Liam and their three dogs Dennis, Albus, and Sybil.
Season 8: Sophie Faldo
Sophie’s win was a bit tarnished since judge Prue Leith accidentally tweeted that Sophie had won hours before the Season 8 finale aired.
Since being on the show, Sophie revealed that she struggled with being in the limelight, which was why she chose to avoid media appearances. She now runs a custom baking service and dessert catering company that specializes in handcrafted, luxury bespoke cakes for special occasions.
Season 9: Rahul Mandal
Fans of GBBO fell in love with this scientist from Yorkshire who first entered the tent thinking he wasn’t good enough to be competing.
Since winning both the hearts of fans and the title of Star Baker on Season 9, Rahul chose to go back to his full-time job as an engineering researcher at the University of Sheffield’s Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, and recently led a campaign to get more women into engineering.
Despite not pursuing a full-time baking career, Rahul still shares his love of baking with the world through his Instagram.
Season 10: David Atherton
David was the underdog for his season, but managed to beat out four-time Star Baker Steph when she floundered in the finale. Since winning the competition, David has gotten engaged to his boyfriend, Nik Sariyski, and released his first cookbook called My First Cookbook, which focuses on fun and imaginative recipes to get children involved and inspired in the kitchen.
An avid fitness enthusiast, David also writes a column for The Guardian about food and fitness.
We’ll have to wait and see who is crowned Star Baker in Season 11 of The Great British Baking Show, which is streaming now on Netflix, with new episodes every Friday.


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Best Western Plus Kendall Hotel
This Best Western spans five stories and houses 125 rooms, all of which feature free Wi-Fi, mini-fridges and microwaves. An outdoor pool is open year-round. Work up a sweat in the fitness center and plug into the office at the business center. Parking is on the house.
Get the best deals without needing a promo code! Save on your reservation by booking with our discount rates at
Best Western Plus Kendall Hotel in FL
Kendall Ice Arena is less than four miles from the hotel, and the Gold Coast Railroad Museum is six miles away. The Miami Seaquarium is 17 miles from the hotel. The Florida Keys are a 28-mile drive, and it's 31 miles to the Everglades. Miami International Airport is 12 miles from the hotel.
8560 Sw 124th Avenue
33183, United States

domain: travel


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Pentair plc (NYSE: PNR), a leading provider of water treatment and sustainable solutions, today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Pleatco, a manufacturer of water filtration and clean air technologies for pool, spa and industrial air customers. Pleatco is a current portfolio company of Align Capital Partners, a private equity firm with investment teams in Dallas, TX and Cleveland, OH.
The planned acquisition of Pleatco provides Pentair an expanded range of replacement filter products to be sold through Pentair’s existing Pool and Spa distribution channels as well as through Pleatco’s distribution channels.
“We are excited to expand our presence in the aftermarket filtration space with an enhanced product offering that advances our objective to offer an effortless pool experience for consumers,” said John Stauch, Pentair President and CEO.
The planned acquisition also expands Pentair’s Industrial Filtration portfolio, with complementary air filtration products to serve the needs of its industrial customers.
“We look forward to welcoming the Pleatco employees to Pentair and to growing the relationship with Pleatco’s existing customer base,” continued Stauch. “The planned combination will provide Pleatco entry to Pentair’s global distribution and sales channels, and deliver increased production capacity and utilization, as well as build on Pleatco’s track record of product innovation.”
Total consideration for the transaction is approximately $255 million in cash, subject to customary adjustments. Pentair expects Pleatco to generate approximately $95 million of annual revenue in 2021. The transaction is expected to be accretive in its first full year.
The acquisition is anticipated to be completed in the fourth quarter, subject to customary closing conditions and necessary regulatory approvals, including expiration of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended.
ABOUT PENTAIR PLC
Pentair makes the most of life’s essential resources. From our residential and business solutions that help people move, improve and enjoy their water, to our sustainable innovations and applications, we deliver smart, sustainable solutions for life.
Pentair had revenue in 2020 of $3 billion, and trades under the ticker symbol PNR. With approximately 9,750 global employees serving customers in more than 150 countries, we work to help improve lives and the environment around the world. To learn more, visit pentair.com.
ABOUT PLEATCO FILTRATION
Pleatco is a leading designer and manufacturer of aftermarket pleated filter cartridges, pleated bags, and other filtration products for the industrial air and pool / spa markets across USA and Europe. Pleatco Filtration brings together the combined forces of former brands APEL, Milton, and TVS and incorporates stand-alone brands Guardian Filtration, EFI and ECO Filtration under the one umbrella, leveraging collective engineering, manufacturing, and logistics resources to deliver best-in-class products backed by industry leading sales, marketing, and customer service teams. For more information, visit pleatco.com.
CAUTION CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This release contains statements that we believe to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements made about the anticipated acquisition, including the anticipated time for completing the transaction, the expected financial results of the acquired business and the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, are forward-looking statements subject to risks and uncertainties, such as the company’s ability to satisfy closing conditions, integrate the acquisition successfully, and retain customers and employees of the acquired business; the impact, duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, virus variants and vaccination rates, including actions that may be taken by us, other businesses and governments to address or otherwise mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy; overall global economic and business conditions; supply, demand, logistics, competition and pricing pressures related to and in markets we serve; failure of markets to accept new product introductions and enhancements; the impact of raw material costs, labor costs and other inflation; the impact of seasonality of sales and weather conditions; our ability to comply with laws and regulations and the impact of changes in laws, regulations and administrative policy, as well as other risk factors contained in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release. Pentair plc assumes no obligation, and disclaims any obligation, to update the information contained in this release.
Senior Vice President, Treasurer, FP&A and Investor Relations
Senior Manager, External Communications
Claffey Pools Acquired by Riverbend Sandler Pools
The pool industry has seen a spate of recent acquisition announcements. The latest, being the recent acquisition of Claffey pools by Riverbend Sandler Pools. Backed by Chicago-based Concentric Equity Partners, they are continuing efforts to consolidate the swimming pool construction and maintenance industry in the Dallas-Fort Worth market.
The acquisition agreement was signed on December 31, 2021 but only made public on Thursday. Full details about the exact terms of the deal were not disclosed.
This marks the third major pool builder purchased by the holding company, after acquiring Pulliam Pools back in November. The acquisition of the Fort Worth-based firm made it one of the nation’s largest pool construction companies.
This recent acquisition of Claffey Pools which is ranked within the nations top pool construction companies with about $32 million in reported residential construction revenue in 2020. A builder of high-end inground swimming pools, Claffey’s average pool project costs around $142,000.
Riverbend Sandler intends to make considerable advancements by acquiring existing service and maintenance companies, in addition to focusing on construction. Consequently, they hope to become a key service provider in the state’s pool service and maintenance sector.
This in itself appears to be a key decision point for the Claffeys who are looking to expand their pool service and maintenance divisions. Last year’s Texas Pool freeze caused unprecedented amounts of damage across the Lone Star state and saw Claffey perform over 1,000 repairs as a result.
In regards to any restructuring of the organization, the Claffeys, along with their 95 employees, will remain with the company. Riverbend Sandler has announced its intentions to continue its expansion. It will continue to concentrate on Texas, for the time being, looking seriously to expand into the Austin, Houston, and San Antonio markets after having established the predominant marketshare in the Dallas area.
GENESIS Announces Newest Platinum Sponsor: Pool Magazine
(Alexandria, Va.) – GENESIS is pleased to announce its newest Platinum Sponsor, Pool Magazine. The GENESIS sponsorship program showcases companies that are dedicated to the highest standards of best practices, quality, and ethics in the pool and spa industry.
“We look forward to collaborating with PHTA and expanding our relationship as a Platinum Sponsor,” says Joe Trusty, CEO & Editor-in-Chief. “We are excited for this next chapter and look forward to making a positive impact on the industry.”
As a Platinum Sponsor, Pool Magazine will have the opportunity to maximize its brand visibility, connect with thousands of engaged industry professionals, and unlock valuable opportunities.
“We are delighted to add Pool Magazine to our distinguished list of Platinum Sponsors,” says Janay Rickwalder, Vice President of Communications and Public Relations of PHTA. “Pool Magazine has everything we look for in a partner: quality services that can benefit our members, an understanding of the importance of continuing education, and a finger on the pulse of industry trends. I am excited for this collaboration and to working together in 2022.”
For more information, please contact Janay Rickwalder, PHTA’s Vice President of Communications and Public Relations, at email@example.com or 703.357.3918.
About the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance
The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), a non-profit organization with nearly 3,500 members from around the world, was established in 1956 to support, promote, and protect the common interests of the $36.5B pool, hot tub and spa industry. PHTA provides education, advocacy, standards development, research, and market growth to increase our members’ professionalism, knowledge and profitability. Additionally, PHTA facilitates the expansion of swimming, water safety and related research and outreach activities aimed at introducing more people to swimming, making swimming environments safer and keeping pools open to serve communities. For more information, visit www.phta.org.
Pool Contractors Gift New Pool To Grandma After Disaster
A group of pool contractors are the answer to one homeowners prayers. For years, Kitty Smitth, an 80-year old resident of Indianapolis, had dreamed of having an inground swimming pool for her 29 grandchildren and great-grandchildren to enjoy. Smith had just recently used her life savings to purchase a home and property in South Indianapolis that she was hoping would allow her to finally realize those dreams.
Smith acknowledges that the home she purchased needed a lot of work inside, but held out hope of enjoying the backyard with her family. For Smith and her grandchildren, the backyard pool meant a safe haven from the dangers of the pandemic that was sweeping across the country last summer.
“They were here, swimming and playing. I can’t tell you how great that was. This has just been my dream my whole life,” she told reporters.
Future summer dreams would be put to an end this February when a winter storm caused her pool to collapse into a heap of disintegrating concrete and collapsed fiberglass walls. Smith was horrified to find that her backyard pool had collapsed in on itself in the night. “My whole body just started going numb and shaking. I couldn’t believe what I was seeing,” she told reporters.
An engineering report was conducted to determine the cause of the failure. Analysis determined that a leak may have contributed to its collapse. A new pool cover, which had just been installed, combined with the inadequate water level in the pool may have contributed to adding stress on the walls of the pool.
To add insult to injury, Smith quickly found out that her homeowners insurance would not cover the damage. Despite being a customer of the same company for over 40 years and having a policy that includes the replacement cost of an inground pool, her insurance company refused to pay a cent. They claimed her policy excluded any leak in the structure of the pool.
Smith was faced with an impossible problem. The cost of installing a new inground pool would be at least $60,000 plus an additional $20,000 for hauling away the debris from the old pool that had collapsed. “I just put everything into my house”, Smith told reporters, indicating that she didn’t have the financial resources to rebuild the pool. She stated that she felt like her insurance company had left her high and dry.
Smith contacted investigative reporters and discussed her problem with them. The reporters shared her story with some folks they knew in the pool industry that could help lend a hand. Ultimately, eight separate Indiana companies came together headed up under Automatic Pool Covers owner, Michael Shebek. Shebek pooled his resources and network to help put together a team that will help rebuild Smith’s backyard.
- Crone Customs Pools – Project Lead / Permits
- Only Alpha Pool Products – Donating Steel Walls
- Pools of Fun – Donating and installing the liner. Provide the water to fill the pool.
- Modish Pools – Donating concrete and labor to rebuild the decking
- Hendrick Pool and Lawn Service – Donating plumbing work for the pool
- C Ray Pools – Donating plumbing and electrical work.
- Automatic Pool Covers – Donating a new pool cover and providing other help.
- Cover Care – Donating installation of the pool cover
What is truly incredible about this story is that although some of the companies on this list are competitors, they are all united in the single goal to help one local resident recover the usage of her pool.
Shortly before the Thanksgiving holiday, Smith was greeted with the surprise of a lifetime. The contractors who have agreed to rebuild her pool at zero cost, showed up at her house along with the 13news team to break the good news. Overwhelmed with emotion, Smith hugged them all and said “I don’t know your names but I know your hearts,” telling the contractors, “I love you.”
Smith will hopefully have a new pool to enjoy with her grandchildren this summer. The contractors have all assured her that the unsightly mess in her backyard will be removed and a new pool installed. The entire cost of the project is estimated to cost approximately $90,000.
“Just no words. There aren’t words big enough to thank everyone,” Smith said. “I’m just so thankful.”
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Backyard lizards, with their quick movements and unique charm, are familiar residents of many outdoor spaces. Whether they’re darting across garden walls or basking in the sun on a warm rock, these reptiles often catch our attention. But have you ever wondered what sustains these creatures in your backyard? In this article, we’ll explore the world of backyard lizards and answer the question: “What do backyard lizards eat”? Understanding the dietary habits of these small but essential creatures can shed light on their role in your backyard’s ecosystem.
Before we delve into their diets, it’s essential to recognize the incredible diversity of lizard species that call backyards home. From the tiny geckos to larger anoles and skinks, lizards come in a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. This diversity of species reflects the adaptability of lizards to different environments. In backyards, they often play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance by preying on insects and arthropods. They are excellent hunters and contribute significantly to controlling populations of pests.
Insects and Arthropods
The primary fare for most backyard lizards consists of insects and arthropods. These agile hunters are nature’s pest control experts, feasting on a menu of ants, crickets, spiders, and other small creatures. Ants are particularly favored, given their abundance and availability in the backyard. Lizards, with their keen eyesight and lightning-quick tongues, capture their prey with precision. Crickets also make a tasty treat for lizards, and these insects are frequently consumed in their diet. In addition to insects, lizards may also target various arachnids like spiders. Their diet is essential in keeping insect populations in check, making them valuable allies in the battle against backyard pests. As insectivores, lizards play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance in your outdoor space. Their appetite for insects and arthropods helps preserve the health of your backyard environment.
While insects and arthropods are the primary source of sustenance for most backyard lizards, some species may also incorporate vegetation into their diet. This is particularly true for omnivorous lizard species that have a broader dietary range. These lizards might nibble on leaves, flowers, or fruits found in the backyard. While plant material is not their main food source, it can serve as a supplement to their diet, especially when insects and arthropods are scarce. This adaptability in their eating habits allows them to make the most of the resources available in your backyard.
Lizards are known for their opportunistic feeding behavior. This means they won’t pass up a chance to consume something that comes their way. In addition to their main diet of insects and, in some cases, vegetation, they might opportunistically consume smaller prey, such as other lizards, snails, or even fallen fruits. This opportunistic approach to feeding enables them to adapt to various food sources depending on what’s readily available in their environment.
Predators and Prey
Backyard lizards occupy a unique position in the ecosystem. While they are skilled predators of insects and arthropods, they themselves become prey for a range of animals, including birds, snakes, and larger mammals. This dual role as both predator and prey contributes to the ecological balance in your backyard. It’s a reminder that nature’s web of life is intricately connected, and every creature, no matter how small, plays a vital part in the backyard ecosystem.
In conclusion, the diet of backyard lizards primarily consists of insects and arthropods, making them valuable allies in keeping your outdoor space free from pests. Their diverse species and opportunistic feeding habits highlight their adaptability to different environments. These reptiles are essential contributors to the ecological balance in your backyard. As you observe them in your garden, take a moment to appreciate the role they play in maintaining the health and biodiversity of your outdoor space. Understanding what backyard lizards eat can deepen your appreciation for the fascinating world of these reptilian residents in your own backyard.


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|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||41|
(in collaboration with the Metallurgy Division, AERE Harwell, U.K.) Thin foils of laboratory made "pure' austenitic stainless steel, resembling the commercial AISI type steel, containing , , or wt% Si were irradiated in the Harwell High Voltage Electron Microscope. The irradiations were carried out. Welding Metallurgy, Carbon and Alloy Steels, Volume II, Technology [Linnert, George E.] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Welding Metallurgy, Carbon and Alloy Steels, Volume II, Technology/5(3). Nature of the Curriculum, Command and General Staff College, in Light of Impact of Atomic Weapons, [Combined Arms Research Library] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The collections contained within the Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library are largely composed of digital versions of paper documents from the Combined Arms Research Library . METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING TEXT LIST Page 5 of 5. Final - 5. Met-B7 Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys Prime Text. Smith, W.F., Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys, 2. nd. edition. McGraw Hill, New York, Chapters , and Met-B8 Ceramic Materials Prime Text. Barsoum, M.W.
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DOGS ON THE BED
Do you let your dogs sleep on the bed, even though you swore you'd never let them up there, or someone made you promise not to? Come on, admit it. Even though those furry critters take up waaaay too much space, dig their feet into your ribs or lollop their big heads on your shins so you can't move, you just can't resist them. Neither can I.
After one particularly hazardous night when my two small spaniels just about pushed me off the bed with their stretching, I had to write them a little story/poem/song of love and annoyance. The result was a rhyming, rompy picture book called, DOGS ON THE BED, coming from Candlewick Press in Fall 2008, illustrated by the marvelous artist, Anne Wilsdorf.
I suspect the dog fanatics in your life will relate to this one!
School Library Journal (January 1, 2009)
BLUEMLE, Elizabeth. Dogs on the Bed. illus. by Anne Wilsdorf. unpaged. Candlewick. 2008. RTE $15.99. ISBN 978-0-7636-2608-2. LC number unavailable.
PreS-Gr 3—Even readers who don't share their bed with a half dozen dogs will love this charming story about a family and their unusual sleeping arrangements. As bedtime begins (appropriately after storytime) everyone—Mom, Dad, two kids, and six dogs—falls asleep in the same big bed. Throughout the night, the pets do what they do best: sleep sideways, bark at things no one else can hear, and whine to go out, and then in (and then out, and then in, etc.). In the end, they are rearranged into more manageable groupings, and finally canines and people alike get some much-needed sleep. The exuberant, rhyming text delights the ear as the hilarious illustrations engage the eye in this kid- and dog-friendly tale. Fun for sharing with a group or one-on-one.—Piper Nyman, Brookmeade Elementary School, Nashville, TN
Booklist (Saturday , November 15, 2008):
Preschool-G Dogs on the bed / Like logs on the bed / Bed hogs on the bed / These dogs, these dogs! A family's bedtime preparations are interrupted by their determined dogs, who won't stay off the bed and won't give up easily: they pout and they sigh, prowl and howl, whine to go outside and then want to come back in. Still, they also offer affection and comfort (As portable heat / They just cant be beat), and parents, kids, and pooches finally settle down to sleep snugly at last. The rousing rhymes and frequent refrains provide continuous, peppy entertainment, and the occasional altered rhythms will keep readers and listeners on their toes. The colorful, chaotic illustrations are filled with witty elements, especially the comically expressive dogs, crowded around kids and pillows for Mom's bedtime story. A humorous and affectionate ode to the frustrations and joys of having dogs as pets and part of the family. Pair this with John Lithgow's I Got Two Dogs (2008).(Reprinted with permission of Booklist, copyright 2008, American Library Association.)
DOGS ON THE BED Author: Bluemle, Elizabeth
Review Date: SEPTEMBER 01, 2008 Publisher:Candlewick Pages: 32 Price (hardback): $$15.99 Publication Date: 10/1/2008 0:00:00 ISBN (hardback): 978-0-7636-2608-2 Category: CHILDREN'S
A cheery family with two young children and six dogs of varying breeds and sizes tries to bed down for the night in this comical story about cuddling up with canine companions. The rollicking, rhyming text uses some dandy rhymes (prowl, growl, howl) and invented words (rhyming "rodeo" and "heave-ho" with "to-and-fro-deo" and "pill-e-ow") as well as exuberant descriptions and details of the dogs' antics. After storytime, the whole family falls asleep in the parents' big bed, and as the night progresses, the dogs take up more and more room until the humans are squeezed out of bed and into the neighboring armchair. Reorganization produces better sleeping conditions for everyone, with four dogs sleeping with the parents, one dog in each child's bed and everyone asleep and happy by the final pages. Dog lovers will chuckle over the antics of the canines, each with a bouncy individual personality conveyed through Wilsdorf's characteristically energetic and amusing watercolor illustrations. Anyone who lets their dogs sleep on the bed will find this tale doggone funny. (Picture book. 3-7)

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