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17 November 2020
You are what you eat – and owners need to make sure their dog is getting a good species appropriate diet that gives them all the nutritional support they need to support good mental health – and that they are drinking enough water. Sometimes as dogs get less mobile, they don’t get up and go to their water bowl so often – and a dehydrated brain is an unhealthy brain!
There are however certain conditions that affect older dogs that are not just the normal signs of ageing – and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) is one of these. Most behaviour problems that occur suddenly in an older dog are as a result of clinical issues such as CCD so your vet should always be your first point of call.
A lot like Alzheimer’s in humans, CCD is a degenerative brain disease, which shows at least one symptom in 40% of dogs by the age of 15 years old. Unlike in humans however it tends not to be diagnosed until in the advanced stages when little can be done to slow it’s progress or reverse some of its symptoms.
Behavioural symptoms of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction
- Disorientation - may wander aimlessly or seem to get lost in familiar places
- Loss of memory to training (including toilet training)
- Difficulty in learning new things
- Change in activity levels - – this can be a lack on enjoyment in things they usually love doing
- Changes in their interactions with people and other familiar dogs - or disinterest to interacting at all
- Changes in sleeping patterns – so sleeping all day and becoming restless at night
- Unusual vocalisations – barking for no apparent reason
The good news however is that if CCD is spotted early, there is medication and supplements that can help slow its progress and may well reverse some of its symptoms – talk to your vet for advice.
Article written by leading Behaviourist and Trainer, Carolyn Menteith as part of a series surrounding caring for senior pets.

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I did not but it wasn't that complicated. There was a really good write up on one of these threads on how to get the bumper off enough to get the headlights out. You basically have to take out the screws on top of the grill and in the wheel wells and the whole bumper will roll forward giving you access to the bolts for the headlights. Then you have to put the headlights in an oven to heat up the permaseal enough to weaken the bond between the housing and the lens. All I needed was 250 degrees for ten minutes and I was able to get about half of the light open. Put it back in for 5 more minutes and got the lens completely off. The most annoying part was digging what was left of the permaseal out of the groove on the housing. Took about two hours per headlight for just that part. The rest was just spray paint and mounting leds with epoxy then sealing them back up with butyl window sealant which is way easier to work with than permaseal. It was a lot of work but nothing too complicated.


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The Pensacola Dam began construction in 1938, offering jobs and electricity to those within the surrounding communities. With the dam, or rather because of it, a man-made lake was formed, Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees. According to city officials of Miami, Okla. with the dam also came increased flooding within the area – flooding that the Grand Lake Authority (GRDA) largely denies responsibility for to this day.
The first license for dam operation was issued to the GRDA in 1939, a year before the Pensacola Dam completed construction. Even in the early stages, there were issues between the GRDA and the Army CORPS on what is known as the “power pool level.” The power pool level – something we’ll discuss in further detail within this article – is the highest point of the dam allowed to hold water at any given time.
The GRDA, at the time, successfully argued that the power pool should stand at 745, fearing that anything lower would reduce the power production by more than 20 percent. A compromise was made in the form of a pre-release to 735 in advance of any flooding.
In a statement dated December 7, 1938, W.R. Holway said, “In advance of threatening floods… pool level can be lowered from 745 to 735 in three and a half to four days, without exceeding the bank – full capacity of the Grand River – and can be lowered to 735 if necessary.” Holway was an engineer for the GRDA and made the statement at a hearing of the Federal Power Commission in Fort Worth, Arkansas.
In Feb. 2023, the City of Miami held a special town meeting, in which several slideshows were presented to the public. What the GRDA is now proposing is that there be no rule curve – which allows the GRDA to raise the power pool level once more – starting in 2026, in their future license.
1982 was the first time a new rule curve was proposed and enacted, and after a decade of enforcement of the new rule curve, the GRDA – through their engineer spokesperson – opined that, “as a result of operating to meet the new rule curve, the frequency and magnitude of flood events increased markedly.”
According to record, between 1940-1982, the dam operated their power pool level at 735 or below approximately a third of the year. During those dates, a span of three months were the only times the levels exceeded 742, May through July. From 1976-1982, pool elevations exceeded 746 feet only twice, but from 1982-1989 that level was exceeded at least once a year.
“This is a point I really want to emphasize,” said Larry Bork. “Flood control was a part of this from the very beginning. The [GRDA] tried to present this as a hybrid dam and it was rejected. It was only approved after the flood control was added.”
Bork, an attorney for Goodell, Stratton, Edmonds and Palmer out of Topeka KS., has spent the last 30 years and over 10,000 hours in litigation with the GRDA and studying the history and effects of the Pensacola Dam.
“When you see a current characterization of what this dam does, you will almost always see that flood control is not mentioned,” continued Bork. “If you look at all the early documents, flood control was mentioned. This was always a flood control project and the GRDA has always known that to be a fact.”
Since 2017, the power pool level has never sat below 742, and it is important to note that 755 is the very top of the flood control pool.
An analysis, conducted by the Army Corps in 1942 indicated that easements in the upper reaches of the lake – the areas surrounding Miami, Okla. – should have been acquired to elevation 769 instead of 760, yet to date, the GRDA has failed to address the issue of easements.
“They have no right to put any water on any property above 760 [feet in elevation],” said Bork.
A 1951 memo from the Army Corps suggested, “In view of these facts, it appears probable that any step toward acquisition of additional lands would be considered as an admission that operation of the reservoir during the 1951 flood had caused damage to the area above those on which easements have been acquired.”
The GRDA has been found liable in several state court decisions – spanning nearly 70 years – for their intrusion. In 2013, the GRDA acknowledged to the Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals that, “a taking of landowners’ properties for purpose of inverse condemnation had occurred,” yet the GRDA continues the absence of any attempt to acquire the additionally needed easements through purchase or by virtue of other legal means.
“It is the opinion of this office that it would be much more economical to pay damages, when and if caused by the smaller floods, than to acquire the additional flowage easements.” ~ 1957 Southwestern Power Administration memo
“If the federal government and GRDA had done what it knew it should have, we would not be in this position,” argued Bork.
For years, the GRDA has denied any adverse effects of the power pool level on citizens in the surrounding communities, and communities like Miami and the citizens that reside there, never openly said anything to the contrary. That all changed in the 2000s, when the City of Miami and a large group of plaintiffs filed a class action lawsuit against the GRDA. That lawsuit is currently pending a final decision.
Separately, the City of Miami filed a complaint with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) challenging the GRDA’s failure to obtain adequate “flowage rights” by either purchasing property or acquiring an easement from the City to defray the cost of future flooding. That challenge made its way to the 2nd highest court in America, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals, which decided in the City’s favor.
There’s something else that only a handful of people consider when looking at the issue of flooding around Miami and surrounding communities; Miami is right next to one of the most toxic places on Earth, Picher, Okla…
Picher, Okla. closed in 2008 and is virtually a ghost town nowadays, and even though the EPA – through the efforts of the Quapaw tribe – is focused on cleaning the area up, much of the land and water is still very toxic.
Tar Creek flows right through Picher, Okla. and ends at the outskirts of Miami, but when the flooding occurs, the water and contaminated source material from Picher and Tar Creek is carried throughout the area. The lands that have been cleaned are in danger of being re-contaminated, the lands that were never contaminated are in danger of being contaminated.
“This isn’t something that could happen,” said Cori Stotts, long time Miami Okla. resident. “It is happening now.”
In 2018, the City of Miami proposed that the GRDA be required to do a study on the transportation of contaminated material due to the dam operations – to date, that study has never been done.
Walker Stanovsky and Shannon O’Neil, attorneys out of the law offices of Davis Wright Tremaine, have been representing the City of Miami before FERC in hopes of requiring much needed accountability from the GRDA.
“Part of why we’re in this current situation is that we have a dam where the operations are not quite syncing up with what we would have anticipated would be the best fit for this community,” said O’Neil.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has the authority to impose fines for noncompliance, and potentially, revoke the GRDA license if necessary.
There are currently ten Native American tribes located around Miami, Okla. that are affected by operations of the Pensacola Dam, but the decisions of the GRDA shape the entire region.
Community members are encouraged to share their story with FERC by submitting comments regarding the Pensacola project relicensing. Individuals can submit those comments electronically on the FERC website (https://ferconline.ferc.gov/FERCOnline.aspx) or by mail to the following address:
Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary
Debbie-Anne Reese, Deputy Secretary
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
888 First Street, N.E.
Washington, DC 20426
[OS1]Please note that this language is quoted from the court’s decision in Perry v. GRDA (344 P.3d 1 (Okla. Civ. App. 2013)), not a direct quote from GRDA counsel.


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In the world of gaming, the point-and-click adventure genre has been a beloved favorite for decades. With its intuitive controls and immersive storytelling, it has captivated gamers of all ages and brought countless imaginative worlds to life. But, have you ever wondered about the origins of this iconic genre? In this article, we will embark on a journey to uncover the mystery of the first-ever point-and-click game. Get ready to explore the enchanting realm of gaming history and discover the pioneering title that set the stage for an entire genre. So, grab your gaming mouse and let’s embark on this exciting adventure together!
The Birth of Adventure Gaming: A Historical Overview
The Evolution of Interactive Entertainment
The realm of interactive entertainment has witnessed a remarkable transformation throughout the years. From the earliest text-based games to the sophisticated graphical adventures of today, the evolution of this industry has been nothing short of extraordinary. This section will delve into the various milestones that have shaped the world of interactive entertainment, culminating in the emergence of point-and-click interfaces that would revolutionize the way we play games.
From Text-Based Games to Graphical Adventures
The early days of gaming were dominated by text-based experiences, which relied on simple commands and basic descriptions to immerse players in virtual worlds. As technology advanced, the transition to graphical adventures became inevitable. With the emergence of these new games, players were no longer confined to simple text-based interactions, but could now explore vividly rendered environments and engage with a variety of characters and objects.
The Emergence of Puzzle-Solving and Exploration
As graphical adventures gained popularity, so too did the elements of puzzle-solving and exploration. These new gameplay mechanics allowed players to delve deeper into the worlds they were exploring, uncovering hidden secrets and solving intricate challenges along the way. This newfound sense of interactivity helped to further blur the lines between reality and fantasy, making the experience of playing these games all the more immersive.
The Impact of Point-and-Click Interfaces
In the early 1980s, a technological breakthrough would forever change the landscape of gaming. The introduction of the mouse revolutionized the way players interacted with their games, enabling them to navigate and interact with on-screen elements in a way that had never been possible before. With the advent of point-and-click interfaces, players could now move their characters around the screen with ease, clicking on objects and solving puzzles in a manner that felt natural and intuitive.
How a Mouse Changed the Game
The mouse’s impact on the world of gaming cannot be overstated. By providing players with a new means of interacting with their games, it opened up a whole new realm of possibilities. Gone were the days of cumbersome keyboard commands and clunky interfaces; in their place, a sleek and intuitive system that allowed players to immerse themselves in the world of the game like never before. It was a turning point in the evolution of interactive entertainment, paving the way for the point-and-click adventure games that would become so beloved by gamers around the world.
The Elusive First Point-and-Click Adventure Game: A Mystery to Unravel
Candidates for the Title of First Point-and-Click Adventure Game
The Countdown Begins: #5 – “The Legend of Blacksilver”
- Development and Background:
- Released in 1982, “The Legend of Blacksilver” was developed by Synthetic Software for the Apple II and Commodore 64.
- It was programmed by Ron Wii, who would later go on to create “Mission Asteroid” in 1986, which featured similar gameplay mechanics.
- Features and Gameplay:
- Players control a character named “Blacksilver” as they navigate a series of mazes and puzzles.
- The game features a text parser that allows players to interact with the environment through a command-line interface.
- While it does not have a point-and-click interface, it is considered a precursor to the genre due to its focus on puzzle-solving and exploration.
The Countdown Continues: #4 – “Déjà Vu”
+ Released in 1985 for the Apple II, "Déjà Vu" was developed by ICOM Simulations and designed by Bruce Jordan.
+ The game was later ported to other platforms such as the Commodore 64 and IBM PC.
- Gameplay and Innovations:
- “Déjà Vu” is considered one of the earliest examples of a point-and-click adventure game.
- Players take on the role of detective Dan Tanna, who must solve a murder case by exploring various locations and interacting with objects using a point-and-click interface.
- The game features a unique “hypnotic regression” mechanic that allows the player to rewind time to a previous state, allowing them to explore different paths and solve puzzles.
The Race Intensifies: #3 – “Mindshadow”
+ Released in 1985 for the Apple II, "Mindshadow" was developed by Silicon Beach Software and designed by Jim Rolfe.
- Features and Technological Breakthroughs:
- “Mindshadow” is notable for its use of a mouse-based interface, which allowed players to move their character using a joystick while interacting with objects using the mouse.
- The game features a complex plot involving multiple characters and locations, with a focus on puzzle-solving and exploration.
- The game’s success led to the development of similar games such as “King’s Quest” and “Myst,” cementing the point-and-click adventure genre as a staple of the gaming industry.
The Ultimate Winner: A True Pioneer of Point-and-Click Adventure Games
The Case for “Maniac Mansion”
A Comprehensive Assessment of Its Groundbreaking Features
- The introduction of a unique interface that allowed players to control characters and explore environments through a point-and-click system
- The incorporation of a dynamic storyline that branched out based on player choices, leading to multiple possible endings
- The integration of a character creation system, enabling players to customize their gaming experience
- The incorporation of a humorous and quirky storyline that deviated from the serious and dark tone of previous adventure games
- The use of an intuitive inventory system that simplified item management for players
- The introduction of a comprehensive hint system that assisted players in solving puzzles without spoiling the overall game experience
- The incorporation of a built-in auto-save feature that eliminated the need for manual saves and reduced frustration for players
- The integration of a diverse cast of characters with distinct personalities and backgrounds, contributing to a rich and immersive gaming experience
- The use of an atmospheric soundtrack that enhanced the overall ambiance and suspense of the game
- The inclusion of various mini-games and puzzles that added variety and excitement to the gameplay
- The introduction of a morality system that tracked player choices and impacted the story’s outcome, leading to a unique gaming experience for each player
- The incorporation of a well-written and engaging script that blended humor, suspense, and mystery, captivating players and keeping them engaged until the very end
- The use of colorful and detailed graphics that brought the game’s world to life and provided players with a visually appealing experience
- The introduction of a memorable antagonist that added depth and complexity to the game’s storyline and contributed to its lasting appeal
- The inclusion of a replay value, as players were incentivized to explore different paths and make different choices, leading to various possible outcomes
- The integration of a well-designed and challenging puzzle system that tested players’ problem-solving skills without becoming frustrating or unfair
- The incorporation of a sense of humor that appealed to a wide audience and added a lighthearted touch to the game’s overall tone
- The use of a compelling storyline that combined elements of horror, mystery, and comedy, making it accessible and enjoyable for players of various tastes and preferences
- The inclusion of a well-implemented character development system that added depth and richness to the game’s characters, making them more relatable and engaging for players
- The introduction of a well-paced and engaging plot that kept players hooked from start to finish, without any dull moments or unnecessary filler content
- The use of a clever and well-thought-out plot that left players guessing and eager to uncover the truth behind the game’s mysteries
- The incorporation of a strong narrative structure that supported the game’s storyline and contributed to its overall coherence and consistency
- The inclusion of a diverse cast of supporting characters that added depth and richness to the game’s world, making it more immersive and believable
- The use of a clever and engaging dialogue system that allowed players to interact with characters in a more dynamic and immersive way
- The integration of a well-designed and engaging inventory system that streamlined item management and added to the overall gameplay experience
- The incorporation of a challenging and engaging puzzle system that tested players’ skills without becoming frustrating or overly difficult
- The inclusion of a well-implemented and engaging mini-game system that added variety and excitement to the gameplay
- The use of a
Behind the Scenes: The Developers Who Shaped the Genre
The Visionaries Behind the First Point-and-Click Adventure Games
The Adventures of the Game Creators
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a group of visionary developers emerged, determined to push the boundaries of what was possible in the world of video games. Among them were individuals who would go on to shape the point-and-click adventure genre as we know it today. This section delves into the lives and experiences of these pioneering designers, tracing their path to game development and uncovering the influences that inspired them to create some of the most iconic games of all time.
Pioneering Designers and Their Path to Game Development
One of the most influential figures in the development of point-and-click adventure games was a young computer programmer named Warren Robinett. Born in 1951, Robinett began his career in the video game industry in the early 1970s, working as a programmer for the pioneering game developer, Atari. It was during this time that he first became interested in the potential of interactive storytelling, experimenting with text-based adventure games that allowed players to explore virtual worlds through a command-line interface.
Another key figure in the development of the genre was a British computer programmer named Peter Samuels, who began his career in the mid-1970s working for a company called Imagine Software. Samuels was instrumental in the development of a game called “Galactic Attack,” which was one of the first games to feature a point-and-click interface, allowing players to interact with the game world by clicking on objects and characters.
A third pioneer of the point-and-click adventure genre was a young designer named Brenda Laurel, who began her career in the video game industry in the early 1980s. Laurel was particularly interested in the potential of interactive storytelling, and she began experimenting with a new type of game that would allow players to explore virtual worlds through a point-and-click interface. Her work on a game called “The Manhole” was particularly influential, as it demonstrated the potential of this new type of gameplay for the first time.
Overall, these pioneering designers and many others like them played a crucial role in the development of the point-and-click adventure genre. Through their tireless experimentation and innovation, they helped to create a new type of game that would go on to captivate millions of players around the world.
The Legacy of the First Point-and-Click Adventure Game
The first point-and-click adventure game, often credited as the progenitor of the genre, was Mystery House, developed by the late Ron Gilbert and published by On-Line Systems in 1980. The game, while relatively simple by today’s standards, had a profound impact on the industry and popularized the genre.
The Rise of a New Genre
The success of Mystery House sparked a wave of interest in the point-and-click adventure game genre. Developers across the industry took notice, and soon, numerous titles were released, each attempting to capture the magic of the original. The genre’s popularity led to the development of more sophisticated and intricate games, expanding the boundaries of what was possible in interactive entertainment.
The Impact on the Gaming Industry and Beyond
The impact of the first point-and-click adventure game was far-reaching. It not only revolutionized the gaming industry but also inspired creators in other media, such as literature and film, to explore the potential of interactive storytelling. The genre’s influence can still be felt today, with many modern games, including indie titles, drawing inspiration from the classic point-and-click adventure games of yesteryear.
The legacy of the first point-and-click adventure game, Mystery House, cannot be overstated. It marked the beginning of a new era in gaming, paving the way for the countless titles that have followed in its footsteps. As the industry continues to evolve, the influence of this pioneering game remains an essential part of its history.
Exploring the Evolution of Point-and-Click Adventure Games: A Timeline of Innovation
The Milestones That Defined the Genre
The Birth of the Genre: Mystery House and The Adventure of Bob
The origins of point-and-click adventure games can be traced back to the early 1980s, with the release of two pioneering titles: Mystery House and The Adventure of Bob. Developed by the game design studio Sierra On-Line, these games laid the foundation for the genre by introducing the iconic graphical user interface and incorporating puzzles and exploration elements.
The Roots of Point-and-Click Interaction
In Mystery House, players assumed the role of a detective investigating a mysterious mansion. The game utilized a unique feature that allowed players to interact with objects by clicking on them with a mouse. This groundbreaking innovation introduced the concept of “point-and-click” gameplay, which would become synonymous with the genre.
The Adventure of Bob, released in 1983, further expanded upon the concepts introduced by Mystery House. The game followed the story of Bob, a computer programmer who found himself transported to a fantastical world. The Adventure of Bob emphasized storytelling and exploration, offering players the opportunity to explore various environments and interact with characters to uncover the narrative.
The Golden Age of Point-and-Click Adventure Games
The late 1980s and early 1990s marked the Golden Age of point-and-click adventure games, with several seminal titles emerging during this period. These games refined the genre’s mechanics, introducing more complex puzzles and immersive storytelling.
The Rise of Iconic Series and Unforgettable Characters
One of the most influential series to emerge during this time was LucasArts’ “Monkey Island” franchise. Debuting in 1990 with “The Secret of Monkey Island,” the series followed the comedic adventures of pirate Guybrush Threepwood as he navigated a colorful world of swashbuckling, swordfighting, and treasure hunting. The series’ unique blend of humor, engaging storytelling, and challenging puzzles captured the hearts of gamers and cemented its status as a beloved classic.
Another prominent series from this era was “King’s Quest,” developed by Sierra On-Line. Beginning in 1984 with “King’s Quest: Quest for the Crown,” the series followed the adventures of Sir Graham and his descendants as they embarked on epic quests filled with danger, magic, and wonder. The series showcased the genre’s potential for storytelling and world-building, with each installment pushing the boundaries of what was possible in interactive entertainment.
The Modern Era: Rebirth and Evolution
As technology advanced and new platforms emerged, point-and-click adventure games continued to evolve and adapt. The late 1990s and early 2000s saw a resurgence in the genre, with numerous titles pushing the boundaries of storytelling and mechanics.
Embracing New Technologies and Storytelling Techniques
In the modern era, point-and-click adventure games have embraced new technologies, such as 3D graphics and voice acting, to enhance immersion and storytelling. The rise of digital distribution platforms like Steam and mobile gaming has also revitalized the genre, enabling indie developers to create and share their unique visions with a wider audience.
As the genre continues to evolve, contemporary point-and-click adventure games explore diverse themes and styles, incorporating elements from other genres such as puzzle games, visual novels, and even horror. This evolution has ensured that the spirit of the original
The Indelible Imprint of Point-and-Click Adventure Games on Popular Culture
From Video Games to Movies and Beyond
The Influence on Contemporary Media
- The impact of point-and-click adventure games can be seen in various forms of contemporary media, such as video games, movies, and beyond.
- The narrative style, character development, and interactive elements that were popularized by these games have become commonplace in other forms of entertainment.
- This widespread influence is a testament to the lasting impact that the first-ever point-and-click adventure game had on the industry and popular culture as a whole.
Here are some specific examples of the influence of point-and-click adventure games on contemporary media:
- Video games: Many modern video games, particularly those in the adventure and puzzle genres, continue to draw inspiration from the pioneering games in the point-and-click adventure genre.
- Movies: The narrative techniques and storytelling elements popularized by point-and-click adventure games can be seen in many contemporary movies, particularly those in the mystery and thriller genres.
- Television: Point-and-click adventure games have also had an impact on television, particularly in the realm of interactive and choose-your-own-adventure style shows.
- Books: The interactivity and branching narrative style of point-and-click adventure games has also influenced the world of literature, particularly in the realm of interactive fiction and choose-your-own-adventure style books.
Overall, the influence of point-and-click adventure games on contemporary media is clear and far-reaching. These games have left an indelible mark on the industry and popular culture as a whole, and their impact can be seen in many different forms of entertainment.
The Cult Classic Phenomenon
The Enduring Appeal of Point-and-Click Adventure Games
Why We Keep Coming Back for More
Point-and-click adventure games have captured the hearts of gamers worldwide with their captivating stories, intricate puzzles, and immersive worlds. These games have stood the test of time, with many classics still beloved by players today. So, what is it about these games that keeps us coming back for more?
The allure of immersive storytelling
One of the key reasons point-and-click adventure games have such enduring appeal is their ability to tell captivating stories. These games often feature rich, detailed worlds with complex characters and intricate plotlines that keep players engaged from start to finish. The combination of intriguing characters, mysterious plot twists, and surprising revelations make these games difficult to put down.
The satisfaction of solving puzzles
Another reason point-and-click adventure games are so popular is the sense of accomplishment that comes with solving puzzles. These games often require players to think creatively and use lateral reasoning to progress through the game. Whether it’s figuring out how to unlock a door, solve a riddle, or defeat a boss, the sense of satisfaction that comes with overcoming obstacles is a major draw for players.
The joy of exploration
Finally, point-and-click adventure games offer players the chance to explore new worlds and discover hidden secrets. These games often feature vast, detailed environments that players can explore at their leisure, uncovering clues and solving puzzles along the way. The sense of discovery and exploration is a major part of the appeal of these games, as players are constantly uncovering new details and uncovering the mysteries of the game world.
Overall, the enduring appeal of point-and-click adventure games can be attributed to their ability to tell captivating stories, provide a sense of accomplishment through puzzle-solving, and offer the joy of exploration. These games have stood the test of time and continue to be beloved by players of all ages, making them a true cult classic phenomenon.
The Future of Point-and-Click Adventure Games: Revival or Reinvention?
The Present and Future of a Beloved Genre
The State of Point-and-Click Adventure Games Today
Point-and-click adventure games have undergone a resurgence in recent years, with indie developers reviving the genre and appealing to niche markets. The popularity of retro-style games and the growing interest in story-driven experiences have contributed to the revival of point-and-click adventure games. Many of these modern games have updated graphics and sound, while retaining the classic gameplay mechanics that made the genre popular in the first place.
The New Wave of Indie Developers and Niche Markets
Indie developers have played a significant role in the revival of point-and-click adventure games. These developers have taken the genre in new directions, experimenting with different storytelling techniques and incorporating modern elements such as voice acting and cinematic graphics. As a result, the genre has seen a proliferation of niche markets, with games that cater to specific interests such as mystery, horror, and comedy.
The Potential for Innovation and Reinvention
Despite the resurgence of point-and-click adventure games, there is still potential for innovation and reinvention. With the rise of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies, there is an opportunity to explore new frontiers in storytelling and interaction. Additionally, the genre can continue to evolve by incorporating elements from other genres, such as puzzle games and role-playing games, to create new and exciting experiences for players.
Overall, the future of point-and-click adventure games looks bright, with both revival and reinvention on the horizon. As indie developers continue to push the boundaries of the genre, and new technologies emerge, the potential for innovation and creativity is limitless.
1. What is a point-and-click game?
A point-and-click game is a type of adventure game where the player interacts with the game world by clicking on objects and using items in their inventory. The player typically navigates through a series of locations, solving puzzles and uncovering clues to progress through the game.
2. When was the first point-and-click game released?
The first point-and-click game was released in 1979 and was called “Colossal Cave Adventure”. It was created by Will Crowther and Don Worthen, and was later modified and popularized by a game designer named Sid Meier.
3. What was the inspiration behind the first point-and-click game?
The first point-and-click game was inspired by the classic text-based adventure game “Colossal Cave”, which was created by Will Crowther in 1976. Crowther’s game was based on his own experiences exploring a real-life cave system, and he used the game to share his experiences with others.
4. How did the first point-and-click game differ from other adventure games at the time?
The first point-and-click game differed from other adventure games at the time in that it was not based on text input, but rather on a graphical interface where the player could interact with the game world by clicking on objects and using items in their inventory. This made the game much more accessible and user-friendly than previous adventure games.
5. Who were some of the early pioneers of point-and-click games?
Some of the early pioneers of point-and-click games include Will Crowther, Don Worthen, and Sid Meier, who were all involved in the creation of the first point-and-click game. Other notable figures in the development of point-and-click games include game designers like Ron Gilbert, Tim Schafer, and Jane Jensen.

domain: hobby


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EDIT: Season 4 PUP is now closed—thank you everyone for the amazing feedback!
To capture any remaining feedback, the Steam PUP forums will remain open until Friday, Jan 27th @ 10:00 am PT (1800 UTC) . Please note that owners of Age IV on Steam must be logged in to view these forums.
The Age of Empires IV Public Update Preview (PUP) has been extended through January 26th at 10 a.m. PT (1800 UTC)!
Following this extension will be a small update next week that improves stability issues encountered in PUP.
Owners on Steam can join PUP to experience a whole slew of changes and updates, including:
- NEW GAME MODE: Nomad!
- Three New Maps (Four Lakes, Continental, Marshland)
- Significant improvements to the Mod Browser experience
- AI changes and updates, including making the Hardest AI more of a challenge
- Mini-map size can now be toggled between Normal, 125%, and 150%.
- Landmark balance improvements
- …And a whole lot of bug fixes & balance changes
Click here to visit the Public Update Preview on Steam. You must be logged in with an account that owns Age IV to view.
The Age of Empires Team

domain: game


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Novel as Philosophy - Camus is highly original,
This review is from: The Fall (Penguin Modern Classics) (Kindle Edition)
I would recommend _The Fall_, a
first person narrative of a barrister, a fellow
with an exceedingly high self-opinion. Through his actions and
thoughts, we soon discover he is flawed, and by the end of the book wonder whether he is not indeed entirely dissolute.
It is short pithy book written in beautiful, simple text, but with much food for thought.
The philosophical debate that this book
engenders relates to a famous painting from whence
the title of the novel is derived, which has
caused endless speculation about Camus' interpretation of the nature of 'integrity' and its corollary, 'corruption'
(the first person narrative is a barrister, after all).
As a highly stylised comment on hypocrisy and self-worth,
it is pure brilliance.

domain: artistic


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This sweetheart is six months old and around 40 lbs. This big webbed feet tell us 2 things: she is going to be a big girl, and she like the water!! She loves other dogs, likes to play, and will play fetch with a tennis ball for days. She is spayed... see more at Petfinder.com
Avoid Scams and Fraud -
Potential areas of fraud: wire transfer, moneygrams, money orders, cashier checks, shipping, escrow, "transaction protection", "guarantee". Check out the Buyer Safety section for more info.


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meditation events in London and the UK
4 day retreat with Sw Anand Arun
31/05 to 3/06 in South Wales
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domain: geography


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Gold Price Soars Through Resistance, Consolidation Needed Ahead of Next Push
What's on this page
Gold Price, Analysis and Chart
- Gold driven by dovish Fed speak although comments backtracked.
- Technical set-up needs strengthening before the next move.
Q3 2019 Gold Forecast and Top Trading Opportunities
Gold Bursts Through Technical Resistance
We noted recently that Gold was being constrained by a pennant set-up and that a breakout was likely as the support and resistance trends converged. This formation normally sparks a break-out as buyers and sellers battle to gain control.
Thursday’s price action took out the resistance line and allowed Gold to rally to its highest level since May 2013. The precious metal now needs to consolidate above the old resistance trendline before the next push higher. The move was sparked by comments from NY Fed vice chair John Williams who said that the Fed should act quickly to lower rates at the first sign of economic weakness. These comments were rowed back slightly later when Williams said that this was commentary from an academic paper and not solely market based.
Gold Price Daily Chart (January – July 19, 2019)
Looking ahead, Gold seemingly has a clear run up to the $1,500/oz.+ level, all things being equal, and may re-test an old gap on the April 08, 2013 weekly candle between $1,496/oz. and $1,540/oz.
Gold Weekly Chart (November 2012 – July 19,2019)
Both charts however show that Gold is currently heavily in overbought territory – using the CCI indicator – and the precious metal may need to consolidate further before making its next move. On the daily and weekly charts all three moving averages continue to remain supportive.
DailyFX provides forex news and technical analysis on the trends that influence the global currency markets.

domain: economics


Vorsteiner Releases Lamborghini Gallardo Renazzo-V Kit
This is called Renazzo-V and offers carbon fiber parts, so apart from the usual changes brought by a body kit, it also puts the V10 supercar on a diet. The Renazzo-V Vorsteiner aero pack is offered for the LP models from 2009 onwards, as well as for the LP-570 Superleggera. The kit is scheduled to be released in March at the latest.
In addition to this, Vorsteined also gifts the Gallardo with its range of three-piece and one-piece forged wheels that come in a size of 19- or 20-inch.
The aero pack includes the following:
- Full Front Bumper Facia w/ Detachable Carbon Fiber Splitters
- Carbon Fiber Side Skirt Blade Attachments
- Full Side Skirt Panels w/ Integrated Rear Vents
- Rear Quarter Pannel Vent Cover Attachments
- Full Rear Bumper Replacement w/ Integrated Vent Openings
- Carbon Fiber Rear Diffuser w/ Center Rear Diffuser Cooling Vent
- Carbon Fiber Fixed Rear Wing Blade
❐ Check out the Vorsteiner Lamborghini Gallardo Renazzo-V photo gallery


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If you are a tuba teacher and would like to offer tuba tuition services in Hampton or throughout the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or find out more about us here. Becoming a Hampton tuba tutor is a brilliant way to re-affirm your own skills through giving tuba tuition while helping someone else, all in Hampton!


Racers swiftly adopted the Dunlop tyre as a result of its greater consolation and pace. Further more, this progress was a catalyst for biking participation which produce the founding of Biking (Weekly) in 1891.
Go assortment is constantly getting optimized. Products and solutions are additional and eradicated for plenty of factors, though the main reason is to show merchandise that we are one hundred% guaranteed we are able to deliver inside the promised timeline.
Some riders have to are actually seriously colourblind even though. There was no other excuse with the horrible choice of colors on display.
Starley began effectively advertising his bicycles in 1871, when he introduced the "Ariel" bicycle in Britain, kicking off that country's role given that the chief in bicycle innovation For most many years to come. Starley is probably very best known for his invention on the tangent-spoke wheel in 1874.
The rigours of Paris-Roubaix calls for some fairly special machines, but Steve Bauer took points a stage more in 1993, Using a radically developed bike that could go ahead and take sting out of the notorious pavé.
If you wish to be noticeable at midnight just by biking or you should flaunt your new bike moves with the help of flashing lights, there is just one reply on your problem. Monkey Lights has designed the brightest and many sturdy bike wheel lights for commuter cyclists or bike lovers.
Recall them? Outdoor clothing firms basically weren’t enthusiastic about the MTB ‘area of interest’ current market, and MTB clothes organizations didn’t exist. The only real attainable advantage was that they have been dirt low-cost.
My favourite uncomplicated very little gadget that won't ever help it become to the peleton is my Shiftmate adaptor that allows me use Campagnolo shifters with Shimano gears, just seems like a washer but suddenly shifts similar to a aspiration.
The shifters were being also amazingly ugly as well as the shifting is also sluggish, and, as the procedure labored using radiowaves, can be disrupted whenever you rode in close proximity to a broadcast tower, supplying the rear derailleur a head of its possess.
Our highway and cyclocross bikes are created see here for the fastest, most efficient trip—but, their pedigree is unmistakably Rocky Mountain.
Just riding by experience no more applies For several cyclists. Riders have embraced energy meters because they permit you to quantify your effort, allowing for greater composition and opinions for more practical training.
Is there anything at all you're thinking that We now have skipped, or ought to be included in the list? What do you think the next significant street bike innovation might be? Let's know your feelings…
Take a look at every one of the upright tricycle type electric bikes I’ve reviewed (ordered by day) about the group web page here.
Sadly, the big front-wheel design championed by thrill-in search of youthful Males — lots of whom took to racing these contraptions at newly founded bicycle golf equipment across Europe — wasn't realistic for most riders. In case the rider necessary to quit all of a sudden, momentum carries the complete contraption about the entrance click to read more wheel and landed the rider on his head.


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From DTN's Washington Insider column
Tax relief for family farmers in bankruptcy is the subject of bipartisan legislation introduced in the Senate, a proposal described as a “game changer” for those kinds of cases.
The Family Farmer Bankruptcy Clarification Act of 2017 (S. 1237) aims to “correct” a 2012 Supreme Court ruling on Chapter 12, said Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, introduced the measure in the Senate May 25 with Sen. Al Franken, D-Minn.
Chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code is designed to protect family farmers and family fishermen with a regular income. The debtors are afforded protection from creditors while they make payments under a plan to repay all or a portion of their debts over a three- to five-year period.
Specifically, the proposed bill would help farmers sell a portion of their land to help fund their reorganization and stay in business despite being levied with a large capital gains bill. The act would change how those capital gains taxes are treated. Instead of being a priority claim that would have to be satisfied in full before unsecured creditors receive payments, the capital gains would be treated as another general unsecured claim.
The measure would vastly alter the landscape of small farm bankruptcy cases, according to lawyers. “In many cases, those capital gains taxes would force the debtors to quit farming altogether,” Carol Dunbar told Bloomberg BNA in a June 5 email about the law in its current state. Dunbar has been a Chapter 12 trustee in Iowa since the chapter's inception in 1986.
Still, the bill doesn't seem to touch on the debt limit issues with Chapter 12 that have caused more farmers to no longer qualify under the chapter. The debt limit allowed for Chapter 12 caps total debts on the farm at $4,031,150.
While heartening to farmers, the bill's prospects are unclear as standalone legislation. Similar bills introduced in the Senate over the past few years have died in committee. Still, the Senate Judiciary Committee plans hearings -- Grassley is the panel chairman.
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