Weitzman School of Design
The University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design prepares students to address complex sociocultural and environmental issues through thoughtful inquiry, creative expression, and innovation. As a diverse community of scholars and practitioners, we are committed to advancing the public good–both locally and globally–through art, design, planning, and preservation.
PublicationThe High Cost of Free Highways(2007-01-01) Weinberger, RachelIt is widely but not universally held that more roads mean more traffic. In spite of this evidence we are continually seduced by the notion that we can zone for low density to preclude traffic from occurring, that we can move far away from traffic that we can avoid it, and/or that we can build our way out of traffic. This low density race to the edge results in the ill-defined but expensive condition of sprawl. In a counter vein, New Urbanists, Advocates of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), and smart growth advocates have embraced the notion that traffic has always been with us and is here to stay, but we can make the most of our activity spaces by concentrating development, arresting the creation of new roads, and investing wisely in high capacity transportation systems. PublicationBuilding in Good Jobs: Linking Workforce Development with Real Estate-Led Economic Development(2006-12-01) Wolf-Powers, Laura; Reiss, Jeremy; Stix, MargaretMunicipal governments in the U.S. are increasingly devoting public resources to the redevelopment of abandoned, contaminated or underutilized land. Private sector appetite for new development opportunities and public sector creativity have combined to create "building booms" in a number of central cities that only a few decades ago were in seemingly irreversible decline. In the midst of this government-supported revitalization, however, both working poverty and chronic unemployment in central cities remain disturbingly high. Without explicit efforts to link property redevelopment with efforts to put un- or underemployed people to work at family-supporting wages, the negative impacts of growth (displacement, housing cost appreciation) often affect the historically disadvantaged far more profoundly than its positive impacts do. PublicationThe Planner and the Preservationist(1984-04-01) Birch, Eugenie L.; Roby, DouglasIn many ways the planning and historic preservation movements have had similar but separate patterns of institutional development. Although the planning profession is older and more refined than the preservation effort, their shared concern for the quality of the built environment has made them natural allies in promoting conservation practices in American metropolitan areas. At times, differing objectives have marred their mutual cooperative endeavors; but on the whole, they have developed an important symbiotic relationship that has served to strengthen both professions. PublicationReading rival union responses to the localization of technical work in the US telecommunications industry(2007-01-01) Wolf-Powers, LauraBetween the early 1970s and the late 1990s, the market repercussions of state deregulation, combined with technological change, sparked profound changes for employees in the heretofore highly unionized US telecommunications sector. The wholesale restructuring of the AT&T Bell System and the growth of competitor firms' market share led to declines in union density, yawning wage disparities among people doing similar work, and increased casualization and insecurity for holders of both customer service and technical jobs in the industry. However, these trends have manifested themselves somewhat differently for customer service and technical workers. While employers have typically followed a strategy of consolidating and regionalizing customer service and clerical labor, a significant amount of technical work, specifically the installation and maintenance of telecommunications infrastructure on customers' premises, has grown more fragmented, structured by local labor market conditions and institutions (see Batt and Keefe 1999, Keefe and Batt 2002). PublicationRemaking New York City: Can Prosperity Be Shared and Sustainable?(2004-11-01) Lander, Brad; Wolf-Powers, LauraChanges in the organization of global economic activity – in particular, the ascendance of services over manufacturing in global cities – have had a profound impact on labor, consumer, and real estate markets in New York City. New growth in service sectors has generated spectacular new wealth, and the city has firmly re-established itself as a capital of commerce and culture, after being ravaged by disinvestment and fiscal crisis in the 1960s and 70s. New York City's contemporary economy is a vibrant one in many ways, but it is also a highly unequal one – one in which residents who are not part of the professional class (disproportionately immigrants and people of color) face increasing challenges. Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration has wholeheartedly embraced the shift from an industrial to a post-industrial economy, launching ground-level redevelopment strategies in over 20 neighborhoods (many tied to the proposal for the 2012 Olympics), which add up to a transformation of the physical city. These plans seek to open the city up for new commercial office and luxury housing development – through a mix of rezonings, subsidies, and infrastructure investments in public transportation, open space, culture, and spectacle. The public sector resources on which these plans lay claim are substantial – an estimated $20 billion in capital spending. The development that would result from these plans offers many benefits for the city's future, including new jobs, a higher capture rate of high-end commercial and residential users, increased tax revenues, and enhanced public transportation and open space. The Bloomberg vision for New York City's future is compelling in many respects: its focus on livability and public space, its high design standards, its acknowledgement that adaptation to a largely post-industrial economy is needed in land use planning, workforce development and economic development policy. But the vision also implies several assumptions with which we disagree. First, it equates real estate development with economic development. Second, it posits a future city that exists primarily for its most privileged residents, with too few real benefits of growth reaching the less-wealthy 80% of the population. The plans emanating from the current administration's bold vision for New York are likely to amplify the inequalities embedded in the service-intensive economy and further drive up real estate values. As a result, they will displace additional low-income housing (thus increasing segregation) and additional viable manufacturing (thus reducing blue-collar job opportunities). Few corresponding gains (e.g. affordable housing, living wage jobs) are being offered for low- or moderate-income families. In addition, the environmental burdens of growth in an increasingly polarized city will continue to be borne disproportionately by low-income communities of color. Fortunately, the choice is not between inequitable growth and no growth. There are innovative strategies for utilizing planning and redevelopment tools – without abandoning most of the current plans – not only to generate prosperity, but to share it more equitably and to produce it more sustainably. Housing advocates, community organizations, labor unions, business groups, environmental/environmental justice groups, and advocacy/smart growth planners around the country are experimenting with new tools. Smartly applied, in combination, many of these tools could reshape proposed redevelopment plans to create more shared and sustainable prosperity in New York City. PublicationImagining Land Use Futures: Applying the California Futures Model(1995-09-01) Landis, John DThe California Urban Futures Model (or CUF Model) is the first of a new generation of metropolitan planning models designed to help planners, elected officials, and citizen groups create and compare alternative land-use policies. This article explains how the CUF Model works and then demonstrates its use in simulating realistic alternatives for regional and subregional growth policy/planning. Part One explains the design principles and logic of the CUF Model. Part Two presents CUF Model simulation results of three alternatives for growth policy/ land-use planning alternatives for the San Franciso Bay and Sacramento areas. Part Three demonstrates the use of the CUF Model for evaluating alternative agricultural protection and zoning policies at the county, or sub-regional, level. PublicationPlanning in a World City: New York and its Communities(1996-10-01) Birch, Eugenie L.Planning in New York, a world city, is complicated, fragmented, layered, and project-oriented. The imperatives of a metropolis often dash with the goals of neighborhoods. The planning commission, working within a highly structured and legalistic environment, promotes compromise, balances the needs of different groups, and mediates conflicts, while ensuring that major projects get built. Case studies of Donald Trump's Riverside South, the United States Tennis Association's National Tennis Center and others illustrate the nature of large city planning. They also give rise to a set of governing principles. PublicationMen, Women, Job Sprawl and Journey to Work in the Philadelphia Region(2007-01-01) Weinberger, RachelThe observation that increasing dispersion of employment opportunities leads to decreased travel times is reflective of a short-rem/phenomenon. Census-reported journey-to-work travel time is examined for the greater Philadelphia region, showing that more people are commuting by automobile, a mode usually associated with shorter journey times, but are reporting longer trip times. The finding is counterintuitive as it coincides with a period when new jobs were established in outlying areas and the region experienced a net loss in jobs. The study concludes that as job opportunities disperse into lower density areas, Philadelphia's existing high-capacity systems are underutilized, and transportation systems throughout the region that were designed for relatively low demand are becoming overwhelmed in time. The net effect is a breakdown of both the urban mass transit systems and the suburban and rural highway networks, the latter because of overuse and the former because of underuse. PublicationRadburn and the American Planning Movement(1980-10-01) Birch, Eugenie L.Many intellectual streams have contributed to the ideology of the American planning movement. Radburn, a partially built, planned, New Jersey settlement, represents the influence of English garden city theories. Radburn's plan was so well designed and rationally organized that it has become a permanent resource for planners who in every generation examine and sometimes adapt it to solve contemporary problems. As a result, it has survived as testimony to the planners' vision of suburban growth. It also represents, however, a neglected promise unfulfilled because of larger currents in American culture. PublicationClassifying Opportunity Zones- A Model-Based Clustering Approach(2022-01-01) Green, Jamaal; Shi, WeiObjective: Opportunity Zones (OZs) are the first major place-based economic development policy from the federal government in nearly two decades. To date, confusion persists among planners and policymakers in some places as to what features of OZ tracts matter for their inclusion, and, secondly, what features of OZ tracts make them attractive targets for potential investment. The authors developed a typology of OZ tracts in order to offer planners and policymakers alternative ways of organizing a highly variable set of tracts. Methods: This study employs model-based clustering, also known as latent class analysis, to develop a typology OZ tracts from the population of all eligible tracts in the United States. The authors use publicly available data from the US Census Bureau and Urban Institute in developing the typology. Descriptive statistics and graphics are presented on the clusters. Using Portland, Oregon as an example city, the authors present a cartographic exploration of the resulting typology. Results: OZs present with immense variation across clusters. Some clusters, specifically cluster 3 and 9, are less poor, have a greater number of jobs and higher development potential than other clusters. Additionally, these exceptional clusters have disproportionate rates of final OZ designation compared to other clusters. In Portland, these less distressed clusters make up the majority of ultimately designated OZ tracts in the city and are concentrated in the downtown area compared to the more deprived eastern part of the city. Conclusions: We find that OZ designation is disproportionately seen in particular clusters that are relatively less deprived than the larger population of eligible tracts. Cluster analysis as well as other forms of exploratory or inductive analyses can offer planners and policymakers a better understanding of their local development context as well as offering a more coherent understanding of a widely variant set of tracts.


A 102-year-old French cyclist has broken his own world record in the over-100s category riding 16.7 miles in one hour.
Robert Marchand received a standing ovation and was mobbed by the media at the finish line in France's new National Velodrome in Paris.
The record is more than 1.6 miles better than his previous best time two years ago.
The veteran rider was escatic at the finish, raising his arms while being supported by assistants.
Mr Marchand paid tribute to the public, claiming he could not have achieved the feat without their "incredible" support.
"You have to know there are people who came from 600 kilometres away to see me today. It is incredible. That's all I can say."


My 98 Tacoma V6 4X4 recently started running rough. It started with just a slight misfire. Yesterday, it was driving fine for about 5 minutes then became very rough. The check engine light came on so I had it diagnosed. Cylinders 1 and 2 misfiring along with a random cylinder misfire. Timing belt (chain) was replaced a few years ago so I don’t think thats the problem. Any ideas??
Well, the first thing to worry about is the simplest - have a look at the ignition system components - plugs & wires at minimum.
I forgot to mention that it will run fine when I start it for about 3 minutes. Then the roughness begins
I would start by making sure it’s up to date with all the maintenance specified in the owners manual.
Then I would suspect ignition parts not changed on a scheduled basis, like the plug wires, coil(s) and ignition module.
Next I would do a compression test and check out the EGR system.


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Joining the dots between some of the worlds most ancient instruments modern day world influenced music and film the World Village Project brings you the annual Mondomix Festival. We were set up in 2015 with Arts Council funding to create a not for profit festival which supports and promotes diverse and original street level live music spoken word and visual arts. You will find the music we programme is as varied as the cultural and ethnic backgrounds of the musicians we have found creating it and details of our exciting all new DJ and live band line-up will be published later this year. Join us next June and enjoy a laid back weekend of musical discovery at our up close and friendly all yurt and stretch tent covered festival here on the Isle of Wight. To keep up to date with all our activities and support this very special event please sign up to our newsletter MondoNews follow us on Twitter and like us on Facebook.
✓ Well, what a wonder festival that was! Chilled and full of love and great vibes and not heard before music. BIG well done to the whole team and bring on 2017! ✓ Thank you for once again a fantastic weekend full of beautiful vibes and beautiful people. ✓ The performing bands were superb, thank you, it was brilliant. ✓ Awesome time at The MondoMix today! Really enjoyable. ✓ Danced my socks off, laughed a lot, drank far too much tea, got gonged, foraged and found half a peacock and had an amazing time ✓ Thank you for another amazing weekend of awesome Bands/acts. ✓ Words can't describe how awesome this is!! ✓ Got that Mondo morning blues. What a fantastic weekend of some of the finest music I have heard. Superb festival - with great people. More please ….. ✓ Mondomix - You were absolutely incredible. Big up yourselves. Such a cracking little fest. ✓ Well done to all The MondoMix team, it was a great weekend, thank you! You guys know how to put on an event that's full of heart and soul. Other people could learn a lot from you. Loved the bands we saw and the vibe was super friendly. Looking forward to next year now ✓ Full respects to Mondomix. Great bands, lovely vibe. First festival I'm coming home from this year feeling fully refreshed. Totally recommend if you want a chilled little festival next year. Ferry home now! ✓ Loved the Mondomix great vibes from start to finish, lots of new music and bands to explore. ✓ Best weekend I've had in ages, met so many wonderful people and basked in the beautiful music, words visuals, it was poetry in motion.

domain: entertainment


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By Costas Pitas
LONDON (Reuters) - The partner of journalist Glenn Greenwald, who brought leaks from former U.S. spy agency contractor Edward Snowden to world attention, went to court on Wednesday to challenge the legality of his detention by British police in August.
David Miranda was held under anti-terrorism legislation and questioned for nine hours when he landed at London's Heathrow Airport en route from Berlin to Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
After his return to Rio, Miranda filed a suit seeking the return of materials seized from him by British authorities and a High Court review of the basis for his detention.
Snowden's revelations about the extent of electronic surveillance by the United States and its allies, sometimes of each other, have embarrassed those countries but also, according to the governments, given valuable information to enemies.
British authorities have said that items seized from Miranda included electronic media containing 58,000 documents from the U.S. National Security Agency, Snowden's former employer, and from its British counterpart, Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).
Arguing that Britain had misused anti-terrorism laws to detain Miranda, he and Greenwald said in statements submitted to the High Court that Britain wrongly equated journalism with terrorism and improperly confiscated journalistic material.
"Responsible publication of sensitive material is not an act of terrorism. And those involved in such work - the journalists and those who assist them - are not involved in terrorist activity," Greenwald said in his statement.
"It is irrational to suggest that sensitive material in the hands of responsible journalists and their staff should be equated with sensitive material in the hands of terrorists," he added.
"Such suggestions reveal a disturbing misunderstanding of the work that journalists do."
Miranda said he believed the British authorities had long planned to stop him, with the aim of viewing the material obtained from Snowden.
"They had always intended to detain me for some time, because their primary purpose was to access material I was carrying rather than to investigate or question me about terrorism," Miranda said in his statement.
Miranda's lawyers who failed to stop the government examining the data seized after Miranda's detention.
Britain said at the time that Snowden's leaks, published by Britain's Guardian newspaper, the Washington Post and others, had damaged national security and endangered lives.
Deputy National Security Adviser Oliver Robbins argued in evidence submitted on Wednesday that British security services had been obliged to ascertain whether the data being ferried by Miranda was a threat to Britain's security.
"When it became apparent that Mr Miranda would be returning to Brazil via Heathrow airport, the Security Service had a national security duty to establish the nature of Mr Miranda's activity, to gain an insight into what, if any, UK, classified material Mr Miranda was carrying," he said in a statement.
The hearing was expected to last two days.
(Reporting by Costas Pitas; Editing by Kevin Liffey)

domain: law


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Lil Wayne, T-Pain and Gym Class Heroes at Gibson Amphitheater
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THE Mortal Kombat movie has dropped its gore-filled opening battle scene for free.
The big screen adaptation of the hit computer game has been released in select cinemas in the US and on HBO Max today.
But for fans who don't have access to either, bosses have kindly released the opening battle scene to whet their appetites.
It certainly sets things up as it means to go on, with plenty of blood and gore in the first seven minutes.
This adaptation of Mortal Kombat is set predominantly in the modern day, documenting the adventures of struggling MMA fighter Cole Young – an entirely new character to the Mortal Kombat universe, played by Lewis Tan.
Young eventually becomes entangled with more familiar cast members once he discovers the Outworld emperor, Shang Tsung, played by Chin Han.
The opening scene is not shy of blood, guts and gore – depicting the conflict that emerges between the clans of Hanzo and Bi-Han, who go on to become Scorpion and Sub-Zero, here played by Hiroyuki Sanada and Joe Taslim respectively.
Viewers were loving their first glimpse at the movie, with one writing on Twitter: "It’s the best video game movie by far! People are going to love it! It doesn’t hold back on the gore either!"
Another tweeted: "You know a movie is about to blow your mind when they release a whole scene for the thriller."
A third added: "Looks so promising and it seems to commit to its essence. And those fight scenes, not only that but this film's cinematography looks outstanding."
The new Mortal Kombat is directed by Simon McQuoid and serves as a reboot to the film franchise.
The first Mortal Kombat film was released in 1995, while the sequel, 1997's Mortal Kombat: Annihilation, was a commercial and critical failure.
Mortal Kombat is in select US cinemas and on HBO Max from today, April 23. Its UK release date has not yet been confirmed.
Source: Read Full Article

domain: artistic


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Words to Walk the Earth
Heredad is an editorial project dedicated to publishing books on art, history, philosophy and community work. We are organized as a cooperative sustained in voluntary contributions by a group of university professors, artists, researchers, activists and social workers that have sustained a long-term relationship with violent contexts in Mexico and other countries. Our books celebrate the beauty of the world, collect experiences in defense of life and nourish reflections on the construction of a more just society.
Currently Heredad has three collections:
Andares is dedicated to protecting, disseminating and celebrating artistic and cultural manifestations of resistance that stand up and confront violence.
Voces y miradas brings together historical research and philosophical reflections from around the world that are shaped by a commitment to the defense of life.
Testigos offers fictions and first-person narratives of dignity that we see important in current discussions about collective memory around the world.
Our first four books were in press when the Covid-19 pandemic hit. Their titles were Vida que resurge en las orillas. Experiencias del Taller Mujeres Arte y Política en Ecatepec (Life that resurfaces on the shores. Experiences of the Womens, Arts and Politics Workshop from Ecatepec), which brings together ten years of experiences of one of the most important groups fighting against gender violence in Mexico's most dangerous neighbourhood; Cartas a la primavera (Letters to Spring), a collection of photographs and texts by Shantí Vera, one of Mexico's most important dancers, that were made to commemorate Shanti's sister, the human rights defender Nadia Vera, who was murdered in 2015; Nuevos estudios sobre genocidio (New Studies on Genocide), a new version of a classic book by Argentinian scholar Daniel Feierstein that was fundamental in the trials against the military forces that sustained the dictatorship in Argentina; and La senda del corazón. Sabiduría de los pueblos indígenas de Norteamérica (The Path of the Heart. Wisdom of the indigenous peoples of North America), a travel diary of the Amazonian poet Pedro Favaron and his encounters with First Nation intellectuals from the United States and Canada.
In 2021 Heredad published three more books. They include Silvana Rabinovich's La Biblia y el dron (The Bible and the Drone), a theological and philosophical critique of the political uses of the Bible in the colonial war discourse of Israel; Pensando pensamientos (Thinking about Thinking), a collection of 31 intimate, keen and nourishing essays where Margaret Randall gives the younger generations its memories and reflections on today's world; and Marcus Rediker's El indomable Benjamin Lay (The Fearless Benjamin Lay), an astonishing intellectual biography of a Quaker dwarf who was one of the first ever to demand the total, unconditional emancipation of all enslaved Africans around the world and called for a new relation between humanity and all living creatures.
In 2022 Heredad published Margaret Randall's autobiography Nunca me fui de casa: poeta, feminista, revolucionaria (I Never Left Home: Poet, Feminist, Revolutionary), a powerfull testimony of the social and aesthetic revolutions of our time. We started distributing our books in Spain, Ecuador and Chile, and made agreements with some of our authors to release some of their books in Open Access format.
Currently we're preparing a collection of non-published texts on Mexico by the Russian revolutionary Victor Serge. We're also editing Francesca Gargallo's La Madre Tierra, a series of three Science Fiction novels on the battle against extractivism and the protection of native seeds. We're also working on books for children living in conflict zones in Mexico.
Heredad also provides free editorial services in community processes, and has already done two books to help activists and social workers working with children in the recent upheavals in Chile. We have a dedicated collection called "Efímera" in which we freely offer these and others materials in PDF format. Other books in this series includes a selection of essays by Avijit Pathak, a radical pedagogue from India whose work has been fundamental to recover the means of education in times of crisis.


EHang is to deploy its EH216 Autonomous Aerial Automobile in a European Union-funded mission that’s assessing how the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) might be used for eVTOL plane operations. The totally autonomous, all-electric car might be used for flight trials at Lleida-Alguaire Airport in Spain as a part of the Satellite tv for pc Based mostly Augmentation System Adoption in Multicopter VTOL Plane (SAMVA) program.
EGNOS is meant to enhance the efficiency of world navigation satellite tv for pc techniques (GNSS) like GPS and Galileo in Europe. The system has been collectively developed by the air site visitors administration company Eurocontrol and the European House Company to complement GPS service by reporting on the reliability and accuracy of positioning information and offering corrections as essential. At a later stage, it would carry out the identical perform with Galileo, which is the European GNSS equal to GPS.
As a part of an initiative of the European Union Company for the House Programme (EUSPA), the SAMVA mission is tasked with establishing how EGNOS might help deliberate superior air mobility providers, together with eVTOL air taxi flights. It is usually meant to organize for uncrewed autos to make use of the brand new U-House idea for managing autonomous or remotely piloted plane.
Aeroports de Catalunya will assist China-based EHang to ascertain an operational heart at its Lleida-Alguaire facility within the Catalonian area of northeast Spain. The EH216 will use the EGNOS know-how to conduct Unmanned Site visitors Administration (UTM) duties and to exhibit how eVTOL plane might function in city environments, together with to and from airports.
EHang is working to attain Chinese certification for the two-seat EH216, which it intends to deploy with companions and prospects for providers akin to air taxi and sightseeing flights. It additionally goals to get approval for its plane to function in Europe and has been energetic in different air mobility partnerships in Europe, the place it has provisional prospects in locations like Norway.
In October, EHang accomplished its participation in the European Union’s Air Mobility City-Massive Experimental Demonstration (AMU-LED), with a collection of flight checks in Spain. The corporate, which is considered one of 16 consortium members concerned in this system, demonstrated the EH216 on the Rozas Airborne Analysis Heart, which is a part of Spain’s Nationwide Institute of Aerospace Expertise.
“The SAMVA mission will unleash EGNOS capabilities aboard EHang’s EH216 AAV to offer exact and integral navigation steering and help U-House airspace integration,” commented Victoria Jing Xiang, the corporate’s chief working officer for Europe and Latin America. “Our participation on this mission displays the significant progress we’ve made abroad with our sturdy industry-leading applied sciences as our world footprint expands.”


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There's a reason why it's called a "Gut Feeling."
We all have heard the phrase, "gut instinct" or "gut feeling."
- Mood swings and feeling blue
- Sleep issues and always feeling tired
- Skin irritation
- Food intolerance
- Poor immune response
- Brain Fog
Nearly 60-70 million people in the United States alone suffer from some sort of digestive issue.
So here are some ways to help promote a healthy gut:
Lifelong Vitality Pack
Funny story: I never really thought much about supplements. My husband was always researching and looking into them. He frequently bought supplements and gave them to me to take. I never took them very seriously.
But when I started using doTERRA's Lifelong Vitality, I could tell the difference it was making.
The Lifelong Vitality Pack is great for supporting gut health because it gives my body the proper amount of nutrients, minerals, vitamins and omegas. When my body is given the right amount of daily nutrients, my gut was much happier!
Plus, they were 1/3rd the amount my husband was paying for other supplements, making them a much more affordable option!
TerraZyme is a digestive enzyme that helps us absorb the food and digest it properly.
Ever have that tired feeling in the middle of the day? It's because your body doesn't have enough enzymes to digest and is using up other resources. Taking digestive enzymes can help us with that midday slump.
Why do I like TerraZyme? O my goodness!
It takes care of bloating and helps stabilize my blood sugar levels. The biggest thing I notice is that i feel satisfied when I eat and don't have digestive discomfort when I over do it.
I often get back pain and inflammation when I eat carbs or get off of my diet. TerraZyme helps me avoid the "hangover" from eating a bad meal.
There's good gut bacteria and there's bad gut bacteria.
One of the main things to support great gut health is balancing and proliferating the the good gut bacteria.
Which is where PB Assist+ steps in! Pb Assist+ supports the health of the GI tract, particularly the intestines and colon.
Would you like to jumpstart a good gut health routine?

domain: medical


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Letterstime - Ein
Geleitzug - Homeward Bound? Part IV
July 3, 1915
“At dawn, Admiral DeRobeck faced fogs, one from Gaia, Mother Nature, and another from Mars, God of War.” ----------------------------- Lady Christine Letters, ibid, page 831
---- Warspite, All Stop
Like Baron Letters, DeRobeck had had to make do with almost no sleep. Unlike the Baron who had WANTED to be underway, DeRobeck had never paused, rail to port, car to pier, and cruiser to dreadnought.
The dawn rendezvous had gone flawlessly, despite the poorish visibility.
“Good morning, sir,” offered Captain Swafford to Admiral De Robeck, as the latter came aboard. They continued to exchange civilities as they made their way up to the bridge.
“Sir,” began the OOD upon their arrival, and he proceeded to report that the small boat had returned and been recovered by the cruiser. Within minutes, the fleet was again underway.
Swafford had expected De Robeck to use Marlborough as his flagship, as the Iron Duke class had better space for flag folk than the Queen Elizabeths. Still, Warspite was not only the newest, but she also had flown the flag of Admiral J[ellic]oe on the most recent sortie. Swafford still had no specific knowledge as to why De Robeck had chosen Warspite, but worried that the GF CO might expect a steady diet of insights like the one a couple weeks earlier. (NOTE 1)
---- Queen Elizabeth
“There’s the ‘Execute’, sir.”
“Very well,” Admiral Keyes acknowledged and nodded to Captain Dave.
“Ahead Standard,” ordered Dave. The flags had specified 15 knots. De Robeck’s previous practice had been to form up at that speed and then to increase to 20; this time was apparently not to be an exception. The force’s nine dreadnoughts were steaming three abreast in columns of three. Warspite’s trio, which included St. Vincent and Agincourt, occupied the central position while Keyes’ threesome of Queen Elizabeth, Bellerophon, and Neptune comprised the port group. On the far side to starboard, steamed Admiral Gaunt with Marlborough, Colossus, and Vanguard.
In an overtly-social gathering of senior non-flag officers earlier that week, Commander Moyer - Dave’s XO - had once again offered the hope that Warspite and Queen Elizabeth might form one group, a fast wing, so to speak. Swafford had shaken his graying, scholarly locks at the notion, not giving it much chance but he had opined that, once Barham joined in October, or maybe even September, prospects might well improve. Dave’s Chief Engineer, Commander Gates, had nodded at that. Dave’s Gunner, the redoubtable Commander Boy, had observed that De Robeck could always trump everything with a few flag hoists, perhaps implying that De Robeck’s choice of Warspite as his flagship might overlay a clandestine preservation of flexibility. Boy hadn’t put it quite that way (actually, no one was quite sure HOW he’d put it), but that’s how Dave had translated it.
---- Frankfurt, speed 5 knots, course 190
The guns had settled in to a pace more measured than earlier, reflecting the reduction in suitable targets.
Vogel had made one long pass, then come about and almost completed another. The pier was in flames through over half its length, and most of the vessels tied up alongside had been sunk or had joined the conflagration.
He had begun to feel something between his shoulder blades. It was neither a tickle nor an itch, but yet it was something along those lines. He flexed his shoulders uneasily inside his uniform. It didn’t help. It was almost as though someone was drawing a serrated fern frond along his spine, sometimes tickling, sometimes rasping, but always annoying. Had he felt that before? A kind of immanence? He looked away from the pier, scanning the horizon, and checking on his scattered torpedo boats. Had it been back during Frankfurt’s approach to Kiel, just before the sentry ship was hit by that torpedo? When, unknown to him, another pair had already been launched at him? He licked his lips and started to scan for periscopes.
The hell with it! Enough was enough.
“Cease fire! Left full rudder. Come to course 090.”
“Sir, my rudder is left full ....”
“Ahead Full, make turns for 20 knots.”
“Sir, engineering acknowledges 20 knots.”
“Very well. Signals Officer, hoist recall.”
Thus, Regensburg’s signal barely a hand of minutes later was not much of a surprise. The “Recall” from Admiral Necki, 20 minutes after that, came as no surprise at all.
---- B.110, All Stop
Regensburg’s signal had not come as a surprise to Oberleutnant Kelly, either, but only because “surprise” was far too mild a word.
He started to order a blast from the whistle, had his mouth already open, in fact, but changed his mind. That signal would be hard for his boarding party to interpret and would carry further than he’d prefer just now.
There! His backup boarders were lined up midships a few meters aft, at the starboard davit amidships. Probably, he shouldn’t leave the bridge, but he was five steps on his way before he considered that point.
The young and very junior officer jumped, his mouth gaping open at the sudden appearance of his commanding officer.
“Your Luger! Now!”
The kid fumbled at his holster and got it out.
Kelley grabbed it, readied it, and pointed it into the sky.
“Crack-crack-crack- ....” Kelly fired off the entire clip as fast as he could pull the trigger.
“Danke,” he muttered, and headed back to the bridge on a run. Only later would he consider that he might’ve left them wondering as to his sanity.
“Boats are clear, sir,” came the report as he was stepping back onto the bridge.
The 88 mm shells began to slam into the waterline of the small British merchant, which quickly started to list. Kelly took a breath as he watched, the loud and reverberating “whanng-whanng” sounds were sweet martial music to his ears. The name on her bow was Terrione, though why a Britisher would be named after a mountain in Sicily, Kelly had no idea and doubted he’d ever learn why. It would just have to remain another mystery of conflict.
“Sir, boarders back aboard. No casualties.”
“Sir, smoke plumes, bearing 145. Looks to be Regensburg.”
“Very well,” Kelly acknowledged, but gave no new orders.
He had full confidence in his command and had absolutely no intention of allowing himself to be forced off his prize before he was certain she was gone, and he was not about to waste a torpedo on her. Fire was now starting to show on the doomed merchantman, and smoke began to blow out of various openings. The wind shifted slightly, bringing the fumes their way and he wrinkled his noise at the stink of whatever was in Terrione. Fish? Fertilizer? He’d have to ask the boarding party leader for the manifest later.
“Sir, more plumes! Bearing 170.”
“Very well,” he acknowledged. Time to go.
“Ahead full, 20 knots. Helm, as you get way, put us onto 090.”
Kelly looked back at the burning merchant once his torpedo boat steadied up on the ordered course. Already, the ship had slipped below the waves, leaving only a spreading stain of smoldering scum on the water to mark where it had been.
“Sir, answering Ahead Full - 20 knots. Steady on course 090.”
“Very well. Ahead Flank, 28 knots.”
---- Warspite, course 180, speed 15 knots
The fog was showing some signs of lifting, Swafford thought, hopefully.
“Sir, from Commodore Tyrewhitt: ‘German flotilla sighted.’ The position looks to be somewhere below Lowestoft.” Try as he might, the senior staff officer had been unable to keep a thread of disbelief out of his voice.
De Robeck, Swafford, and a couple others moved over to the chart. A few deft movements of calipers yielded a small “x” about 25 miles ESE of Aldeburgh, Suffolk.
Swafford noted the deepening furrows in De Robeck’s brow. The questions troubling the GF CO were obvious. Room 40 had projected a dawn sortie for the High Seas Fleet. The flagship had been reported to be moored at dusk, and at least one overnight wireless from it had placed it in or around Wilhelmshaven. So, what was a flotilla doing so far from port, let alone so near the English coast? Even if the HSF had exited port at midnight, they would hardly be in support range of the flotilla that Tyrewhitt seemed perfectly poised to snap up.
But what if the HSF had left right at dusk? Ever the hands-on instructor, Swafford itched to pick up the calipers and measure. Then, just before he could do so, one of De Robeck’s senior staff officers did just that. Swafford watched him set them at about 20 nautical miles, then flip them over and over for each hour since nightfall. How distant could a scout force be and still be considered to be within support range of the Main Body? It didn’t seem to matter; it looked to be too far by any definition.
So, was it simply a small scouting force? Probing the readiness of the Harwich Force? If the latter, Swafford thought, the Germans might again discover that intelligence came at some cost. De Robeck had cannily positioned well to the south in his van perhaps the only warrior to emerge from the May 31 debacle with reputation untarnished, indeed, even burnished. That intrepid force commander had eluded Letters’ battlecruisers into whom Sturdee had blundered to extinction, had next brilliantly tracked down the HSF Main Body and warned J[ellic]oe in time for him to join battle on his own chosen terms, and who - still not done - had led the great dusk torpedo attack into the very heart of the High Seas Fleet, thereby inflicting such great damage that the Huns were forced to break off their pursuit and retire to Wilhelmshaven to lick their wounds.
Swafford glanced over at the Commander - Grand Fleet. Yes, the admiral was staring down at the map, nodding his head, one finger tip on that same force.
“Signals Officer ....”
---- Southampton, course 180, speed 15 knots
Commander Dedmon, the cruiser XO, could not see a thing. The lookout section chief had reported the fog to be thinning, and that those aloft were now above the bank and could scan some distance. That did not help Dedmon’s vision, though, and he hated being dependent on the lookouts above and those in the bows. This did not, however, appear to faze his CO four steps away.
Commodore Nott stood staring into the fog in what, Commander Dedmon had to admit, might very well be a heroic pose. Nott strove to be the epitome of a commodore, especially after his command had been redesignated “First Light Cruiser” but otherwise left untouched, even whilst massive reorganizations fell all about in the aftermath of the May 31 battle. The untimely demise of Commodores Hawksley and Alexander-Sinclair had also lent Nott new stature. In any case, Nott’s star shone quite bright these days and his inevitable pretensions had forced Dedmon into striving to be a model ship XO and chief of staff. (NOTE 3)
“Commodore, from Warspite ....”
Nott read the proffered slip. Fog or no, Dedmon could see the commodore’s nostrils flair wide open like the intakes of some bodily engine.
“Signals Officer, hoist 25 knots!”
Dedmon flinched. Perhaps commodores COULD see through fog better than mere mortals? Some quality afforded by epaulettes? Further cynicism was averted by Nott handing over the message.
“Come to course 150.”
Nott strode over to the starboard side of the bridge and gazed into Southampton’s wake, presumably to personally ensure that Birmingham was altering to follow. Dedmon doubted that even epaulette-enhanced eyes could see Nottingham or Dublin further back.
---- Room 40
The reports had begun to come in 30 minutes ago, but they were incoherent at first.
Commander Jan watched as flag officers stared at the maps and traded gestures. Truth be known, there was little chaos despite appearances to the contrary. The first signals to come in had Lowestoft under attack, but that had been cleared up in short order, with the confusion stemming from where the call had been relayed. Nonetheless, calls to Lowestoft had been in order, and the all clear from there had been swift. It took only a few more minutes to determine that it was Southwold that was being shelled.
The problem was that it was not at all clear just what was doing the shelling.
Fortunately, they were soon able to rule out any chance that the offenders were dreadnought battleships or dreadnought battlecruisers. Beyond that, though, confusion remained with camps seemingly evenly divided between armored cruisers and light cruisers. As reported, the ships seemed too small to be the former, but the guns seemed to be too large for the latter.
“Armored cruisers,” said one admiral. “Of course! Damn their eyes! We shift our armored cruisers away and the Hun shifts his into the void!”
“Indeed, and can we conclude now that Letters knows our convoy plans?”
“I wouldn’t doubt it for an instant!”
“Sir,” inserted Jan into the verbal fray, “any new information on Letters? Is he still coming up as in Wilhelmshaven?”
“Nothing new, sir,” replied another officer. “Wilhelmshaven sent an acknowledgment, probably to a bombardment report, but it didn’t come from any repeater of his, and it didn’t contain any designator or call sign of his.”
So, was the High Seas Fleet at sea, or not? What was that Letters up to now?
In any case, they now knew enough to compose some sort of sensible signal for the Commander - Grand Fleet.
---- Warspite, course 180, speed 15 knots
“Sir, from the Admiralty!”
De Robeck took it calmly enough, but Swafford could tell he was startled.
“Bombarding Southwold?! Is that who Tyrewhitt’s chasing?”
It didn’t take a look at the map to see that such was possible. Or were there two forces? If so, why only one bombardment? Or had they just not gotten word of another yet?
It made some sense, as Yorck and Roon had been involved in much the same thing at Yarmouth and Hartlepool early in the war. (NOTE 4) Still, those vessels were probably not much faster than 21 knots and, being older ships with poorer coal, might not make that. They mounted 8.2" guns, though, and plentiful 5.9" secondaries. They could prove a tough nut for the Harwich Force to crack, especially if they had a flotilla or two along. If they got clean away, it would be another slap in the face of the RN and HMG.
But Letters was still sitting tied up in Wilhelmshaven? Or was he? Had the Germans finally figured out Room 40?
De Robeck reached a decision, fog or no fog. Letters in port or at sea, one force or two, or even three - any force cored with armored cruisers offered just too much for Harwich Force to profitably tackle, but his friend Admiral Heath just might get avenged this day.
“Hoist 20 knots.”
1) On June 19, see here:
2) For a look at a similar map:
3) Professor Blue (University of Aberdeen Press) would not publish Nott In Vain until after the Great War.
4) Historical - November 3, 1914 for Yarmouth, and December 16, 1914 for Hartlepool.

domain: history


Revotron engine in Tata Zest has first in class drive mode selection feature that gives option to switch between City, Sports and ECO preset ECU... ...http://www.rushlane.com/tata-zest-iims-2014-12131056.html
New Fazer FI is among most expensive in segment. The premium goes into new design all around the motorcycle similar to what FZ & FZ-S received and... ...http://www.rushlane.com/yamaha-fazer-fi-v2-launch-price-12130846.html
The first-gen Suzuki GSX-R started the race-replica production models trend internationally. It was a bike you could take straight out of the... ...http://www.zigwheels.com/reviews-advice/reviews/suzuki-gixxer-first-ride-review/19660/
As competition hots up, more and more scooter manufacturers are turning their attention to the female buyers. Here are five scooters that are... ...http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/biking-and-motoring-ladies-only-please-top-5-scooters-for-you/20140901.htm
Bajaj Pulsar (Representational Image) Wikimedia Commons The festive season is just around the corner and the auto makers in the country are... ...http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bajaj-pulsar-200ss-likely-launch-during-festive-season-607346
Hyundai Santa Fe will be equipped...


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text:
3sixteen SL-100x Straight Leg Indigo Selvedge
The SL cut is a modern slim, straight fit that features a slight taper from the knee down. The SL-100x jean features the 3sixteen flagship selvedge denim which is custom woven exclusively for them by Kuroki Mills. The fabric has an extremely soft hand on the inside that is uncharacteristic of raw denim, making it extremely easy to break in.
- 14.5oz raw indigo selvedge woven in Okayama, Japan
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- Made in USA

domain: design


All over the country right-wing folks have made a special effort to make it to various townhalls to protest- and make sure that anyone with positive things to say about the healthcare bill do not get heard. These folks are angry about many things, from what they percieve as a "government take-over" of healthcare, to the debt and deficits they see as being caused by Barack Obama, and most ridiculously to their parents and grandparents being put before Obama's "death panels" whose sole purpose they believe is to murder the elderly and sick children who are not worth the cost to keep alive.
He also criticizes the collusion between Wall Street and the U.S. Treasury, while predicting that tens of trillions in additional bailouts will be necessary to keep banks solvent as soon as a true accounting of toxic assets takes place.
A few months ago I would not have been aware of the late economist, Hyman Minsky (1919-1996.) His theory, known as the "Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH)" was not a matter of public discussion as we watched our economy go directly into the toilet and the recession grow and get more dismal.
Had I known about Minsky, however, I would have seen this coming in the 1980s when the Reaganites began to dismantle government regulation of banks and the investment markets. FIH says hat stability is inherently unstable.
Byron Dorgan (Dem. - North Dakota) was on C-Span this morning to discuss the elements of the Senate's upcoming Credit Card Bill. I'm not sure what he thinks he can accomplish, but at the very least, he is making us aware that the CC companies are big players in the screwing of the American Economy.
For all the hell we give Republicans for being the party working actively against the "common" man, I think now is as good a time as any to remind ourselves that taking advantage of poor people is definitely a bi-partisan past time here in the United States.
Payday loans, for those of you unfamiliar with the practice, are small, very short-term loans with extremely high interest rates (sometimes in the range of 400-800%) that are effectively advances on a borrower's next paycheck. They're typically obtained when a borrower goes to a check-cashing outlet or an online equivalent, pays a fee, and then writes a postdated check, or signs over the title to a vehicle, that the company agrees not to cash or take a lien against until the customer's payday.
Thank God we've got Congressmen willing to stand up for working Americans against these sorts of shenanigans, right?


Praise for Our Live-Blogging on Nacchio Trial
After live-blogging the Scooter Libby trial, it seemed natural to me to give it another try for the insider trading trial of former Qwest CEO Joseph Nacchio. I live-blogged the jury selection, opening arguments and first day of testimony last week, here at 5280.com
David Kopel, writing in Saturday's Rocky Mountain News, has this review of internet trial coverage.
Denver criminal defense lawyer and civil liberties advocate Jeralyn Merritt runs the TalkLeft.com weblog, which sets a great example of how to write about legal issues in an intelligent way while still connecting with readers who haven't gone to law school. Merritt has been live-blogging the Nacchio trial for 5280 magazine's weblog, Elevated Voices.
She provides a running semi-transcript of courtroom events, in far greater detail than you can find anywhere else while the court is in session. She doesn't attend every day of the trial, but when she's there, Elevated Voices is the best Web site for up-to-the minute coverage.
The trial runs Monday through Thursday. This week I'll be there live-blogging Monday and Tuesday. The easiest way to get to just the Nacchio posts is to click on the "crime" section on your left.
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Wrestlers say, ready to give away medals but want justice
Vinesh Phogat and Bajrang Punia, two protesting wrestlers, made it clear on Thursday that they are ready to give up their medals and decorations to the government, stating that they serve no use while they are being treated with such contempt by the Delhi Police and authorities.
This has come out after a scuffle between the two parties occurred late on Wednesday night, leaving Vinesh's brother injured. After this incident the wrestlers have become firm in their resolve, not to bow down with their demands of removal of Brij Bhushan Singh as the WFI president, and also his arrest.
"If this is how the wrestlers will be treated, what will we do with the medals? Rather we will live a normal life and return all the medals and awards to the Indian Government," Bajrang said.
"When police is pushing us, abusing us, misbehaving then they don't see that we are Padma Shri awardees, and not only me, there is Sakshi (Malik) also. "They are misbehaving with us. Women and daughters are sitting on the streets, begging for kindness but no one is bothered about getting justice."
"Take it (medals) all away. We have been humiliated so much. We are fighting for our respect but we are being crushed under their feet. Do all men have the right to abuse women," said Vinesh.
The tired wrestlers asked some pertinent questions too. Bajrang said, "I want to know why everything is being related to politics, sometimes Aam Aadmi party, Congress, sometimes BJP. The matter is related to women, but the nation is being misled by associating it with political parties."
"The Police is favouring Brij Bhushan. We are being abused after the FIR was lodged. Wrestlers are being divided on the basis of caste. I just want to request the government if you can rise above politics and give justice to protesting wrestlers then the entire country will be grateful to you."

domain: sociology


text:
Foreclosure puts Washington Building on auction block; Miller Davis owner trying to work with bank
Published 12:00 am Thursday, July 19, 2012
By Emily Ford
SALISBURY — CommunityOne Bank has foreclosed on Miller Davis Development, and the historic Washington Building at 118 N. Main St. goes up for public sale Aug. 21 at the Rowan County Courthouse.
The Rowan County Clerk of Court’s Office signed the foreclosure order Wednesday after a brief hearing.
Mike Miller, owner of the building and Miller Davis Inc., Salisbury’s largest advertising and public relations firm, said he is working with CommunityOne on “various options” so he can keep the building.
Miller said he could not give details but hoped to have something worked out with the bank within 30 days. CommunityOne’s attorney would not comment.
Miller said separate from his development company, the Miller Davis advertising firm is financially sound and has roughly 300 clients nationwide.
“The agency is fine,” he said. “We are financially stable and making payroll.”
Miller Davis Development, which owns the Washington Building, defaulted on a $1.2 million loan from CommunityOne.
Miller said the entire loan was for the building, which has a tax value of $516,664. He described the situation as a “bad real estate deal,” similar to real estate problems faced by developers across the county and tied to the economic downturn.
“Unfortunately, it’s a situation that I didn’t create. I didn’t create it on purpose,” he said. “It’s just a situation we’re all in with real estate right now.”
Clerk of Court Jeff Barger said this is the first time he can remember foreclosing on a historic building in downtown Salisbury.
While no details were discussed during the hearing, Barger said sometimes public sales are avoided with new financial arrangements with a bank.
“It does happen that the person being foreclosed on is able to work something out, whether a modification or a refinance or something similar,” Barger said.
Miller has until Aug. 31, or 10 days after the sale, to come up with a way to keep the building, Barger said. Then the upset bid period expires.
Miller Davis Inc. is the largest tenant in the Washington Building. Miller restored the building in 2003 and 2004 and also leases space to the new Ethos restaurant.
The original promissory note from CommunityOne for $1,242,544 was secured by the deed of trust in June 2011. The loan included a line of credit.
With interest, fees and late charges, Miller Davis Development now owes the bank $1,269,109.
Miller Davis Development, Miller Davis Inc., Miller and his wife, Gina Miller, are named in a related lawsuit filed by CommunityOne on June 14 in Mecklenburg County Superior Court. The lawsuit includes defaults on the $1.2 million loan, a $20,000 loan dated May 2009 and a $50,000 loan dated June 2009.
Contact reporter Emily Ford at 704-797-4264.

domain: economics


Joe Lieberman’s Benghazi Connection: Trump’s possible FBI chief pick lobbied for a Libyan politican who courted a Benghazi terrorist suspect
By David Corn
May 20, 2017
As President Donald Trump escaped Washington on Friday for his first overseas trip, the White House announced that he wasn’t yet ready to reveal his pick to replace James Comey, the FBI director he brazenly fired the previous week. But one name on his list appeared to be ahead of the others: former Sen. Joe Lieberman, the onetime Democrat who was Vice President Al Gore’s running mate in the 2000 presidential campaign.


Environmental Monitoring Systems (E.M.S.) B.V.
Environmental Monitoring Systems (EMS) B.V. develops, manufactures and markets advanced systems for gas measurements in the chemical, food and agricultural industry. EMS works on the principle: `Technology meets nature.` The evolution of technology causes a deterioration of the environment. But with the latest techniques solutions and improvements are offered. The basis of the experience was founded in 2002 in the food industry. Research, product development, production and sale of these gas and dust measuring systems are in-house or under supervision performed. Most products find their way onto the market under the brand name MACView ®.
Find locations served, office locations, manufacturers and our distributors.
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In 1996 Boerman System Automation (BSA) is established. Former business activities were proces optimalisation and ICT. After a period of time within BSA orders have been carried out for the measurement of gasses and substances. This branche of environmental measurement systems was that different that in the summer of 2001 EMS BV is established. Environmental Monitoring Systems (EMS) BV is a company where gas measurement systems and dust measurement systems are developed,produced and marketed. We also build gas measurement systems by order of third parties. We have focussed on measuring gasses in sub-ppb range. We deliver gas measurement systems to partners and end-users in different markets. The most important markets are the agrarian market and industry. Applications for the use of gas sensors are very broad. Examples of which EMS has a lot of experience are :
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- Measurement of H2S for water treatment facilities, batching facilities, caustic wash facilities and fitration units of several District Water Control Boards.
- Batching of ethylene for patatoe storage, fruit storage and lilies.
- Measurement of ethylene and NO in warehouses with a connection to the climate computer to control and to monitor the climate in the warehouse. (ppb level)


text:
“Reflecting Rain” and “Sunny Side Up” are both available for streaming on Spotify. Please follow me so you’ll be notified when new material is available and show your support!
My new instrumental single, “Reflecting Rain”, is now on CDBaby.com !
I will be releasing my new instrumental single, “Reflecting Rain”, next Thursday. It’s the first new music I’ve written & recorded in 20 years!
Just want to wish everyone a Merry Christmas and to have a safe & happy holiday season! Thanks for your support!
Just reached over 7,000 plays on my SoundCloud account. Thanks to everyone for your support!
My SoundCloud account has over 5,000 plays now. A great big “Thank You” to everyone who continues to support me and my music. I am truly humbled and appreciative!
Thanks to everyone for your support! It still amazes me that people want to listen to an old fart like me play cover tunes on the guitar! I hope my original music is as well received when I start posting it.
Again, I just want to extend a hearty “Thank You!” to all who have supported me!
Finally reached 100 likes on my Facebook band/musician page! Thanks to all for your support!
If you haven’t already, please visit my Facebook page and “Like” it!
Just reached 225 fans on ReverbNation.com this morning!
A big “Thank You!” to everyone for your support & kindness!
Just want to say “Thank You!” to everyone for your support. I know there are a lot of people on SoundCloud that get much more traffic, but I still appreciate each and every one of you who take the time to listen to my music! Much more to come!!!


Christmas boost for grocers
Boosted by significant inflation, overall supermarket sales shot up by 3.8% in value over the 12 weeks to 31 December, an additional £1bn ringing through the tills versus the 2016 Christmas period. So says Kantar Worldpanel, whose latest grocery market share figures (9 Jan) reveal the average household shrugged off economic worries to spend a record £1,054 on groceries in the three month period. Tesco (TSCO) was the fastest growing of the big four supermarkets, with sales up 3.1%. (JC)
These articles are provided by Shares magazine which is published by AJ Bell Media, a part of AJ Bell. Shares is not written by AJ Bell Youinvest.
Shares is provided for your general information and use and is not a personal recommendation to invest. It is not intended to be relied upon by you in making or not making any investment decisions. The investments referred to in these articles will not be suitable for all investors. If in doubt please seek appropriate independent financial advice.
Investors acting on the information in these articles do so at their own risk and AJ Bell Media and its staff do not accept liability for losses suffered by investors as a result of their investment decisions.
- Is Mothercare a takeover target after share price slump?
- Dialight banking on new leadership
- Coal hits one-year high
- Eco Atlantic gets Exxon discovery boost
- The week in a minute
- Christmas boost for grocers
- Which UK-listed stocks are affected by US tax reform?
- Where to invest your Worldpay takeover proceeds


text:
1 pkg Jell-O Vanilla Flavor Instant Pudding & Pie Filling
1 cup applesauce
1/2 cup water
1/4 cup Crisco oil
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon allspice (optional)
Add To Shopping List
Let's Make It
Coat raisins and pecans with very small amount of flour. This will keep them from going to the bottom of the cake.
Combine all ingredients (except raisins and pecans) in large bowl. Blend well, beat at med. speed on electric mixer 4 min. Add coated raisins and pecans, stirring well. Pour into (2) greased and floured 8x4 in loaf pans.
Bake at 350 degrees F for 1 hour or until pick inserted comes out clean and cake begins to pull away from sides of pan. DO NOT UNDERBAKE. Cool in pans 15 minutes. Remove and finish cooling on wire rack. When cool, slice and serve.

domain: food


text:
It's a Numbers Game! Basketball: The math behind the perfect bounce pass, the buzzer-beating bank shot, and so much more! (Hardcover)
Why do NBA players only have 24 seconds to score a basket? What's the geometry behind making the perfect shot? Become a basketball pro and learn all about the numbers and math behind this popular sport.
Numbers are everywhere in basketball--from the dimensions of the court to the points you can score to the digits on each player's jersey. In this awesome new book, you'll learn how these numbers make basketball the game we know and love today, and also get a few tips along the way on how to improve your game. As Kobe Bryant wrote in his Foreword for the book, "Sucess is in the detail--and the detail is in the math." Read about amazing statistics and learn how to track the stats of your favorite basketball stars. Discover how to improve your bounce pass and chest pass with geometry and physics. Colorful graphics explain the math behind the sport, and cool photos make you feel like you're right on the court. Filled with sports trivia and fun activities at the end of every chapter, this book is sure to be a slam dunk with kids who can't get enough of the game and want to learn more.
About the Author
JAMES BUCKLEY is the author of more than 100 books for young readers on basketball, baseball, football, soccer, and more. A former editor at Sports Illustrated and NFL Publishing, he is also the author of the top-selling annual Scholastic Year in Sports. In the nonsports world, he has written a dozen titles in the New York Times best-selling Who Was...? biography series. He lives in Santa Barbara, where he runs the Shoreline Publishing Group, a leading producer of nonfiction for kids.
Ever wanted to know the physics behind a layup? What positions are on the court and what they do? How many pebbles are on a basketball? Readers will learn all this and more in NatGeo's fun, analytical overview of basketball. The photos are breathtaking, the breakdown of stats and facts are well researched, and information is easily relayed. Interactive activities are also featured, including one where an outline of NBA player Kawhi Leonard's hand size is shown to demonstrate how big it would be in comparison to the reader’s hand. Buckley keeps the information and stats incredibly balanced between the NBA and WNBA, and college’s NCAAM and NCAAW. The only drawback to this much information is that pages can be a bit busy at times, but that will hardly matter to fans. NBA legend Kobe Bryant penned a foreword urging readers to "make math as fun as the game itself." The game may be a little dimmer without Bryant, but readers can take his message to heart with this book. The substantial back matter includes a glossary and an explanation of abbreviations (many stats are given in their abbreviated form, such as PPG or points per game), an index, photo credits, and a reference for math teachers to discuss different topics throughout the book (division, physics, etc.).
VERDICT A slam dunk purchase. Basketball fans will devour this book with the credentials of NatGeo and ESPN to back it up.—School Library Journal starred review

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text:
Budget Inn Whitehall
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We decided a boat ride would be a great way to see Lake George. Our boat was named Mohican, and gave us a great ride around the lake. The lake is 32 miles long as has lots of history. We were surprised at how populated the lake is with homes and just how popular the lake is for boaters. The state owns numerous islands where you can camp with limited amenities, but you must have a boat as that is the only way to ...
... is packed with tourist shops and restaurants and plenty of people to keep them busy. Once you find a parking spot and start to walk around you see the charm of this little town. Lake George is a beautiful lake and people flock to the water for swimming, boating and sunbathing.
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... doubly incontinent, does not share attention, does not work well in noise, will not tolerate other students."........the list goes on. I'm sure I've done it myself. That's not a good starting place for a transition. If I meet teachers, TAs, Parents or young people I should be asking "what can...?", "how does?" "What supports x to...?" That's going to help me to help them more. A couple of other takeaways from today was the phrase "If you know 1 kid with Autism.....you ...
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This is where the Hudson River joins with the canal. We ...
We are spending the day in Whitehall. We want to do some boat chores then tour the Skene Manor, a Victorian manor built in 1874 that is undergoing renovation.
Whitehall's claim to fame is that in 1775 Benedict Arnold commandeered a schooner owned by Philip Skene (owner of the aformentioned manor) which became the first ship of the American Navy. ...

domain: travel


|Publication number||US5330510 A|
|Application number||US 07/995,050|
|Publication date||Jul 19, 1994|
|Filing date||Dec 22, 1992|
|Priority date||Dec 31, 1991|
|Also published as||DE69231056D1, DE69231056T2, EP0550293A1, EP0550293B1|
|Publication number||07995050, 995050, US 5330510 A, US 5330510A, US-A-5330510, US5330510 A, US5330510A|
|Inventors||Thierry Legay, Alain Ripart|
|Original Assignee||Ela Medical|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (19), Classifications (4), Legal Events (7)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates to a pacemaker with patient effort-controlled frequency, more particularly to a rate adaptive pacemaker that adjusts the stimulating frequency in accordance with the patient's physical effort.
It is known that the effort exerted by a patient can be monitored based on a measure of acceleration along an axis, e.g., a vertical or antero-posterior axis. An accelerometer placed on the patient's trunk provides a signal that enables one to obtain an approximation of the energy expended for the patient's dynamic efforts. There is a good correlation between the integral of the absolute value of the signal of acceleration along the vertical axis, for instance, and the energy expended by the patient. Computation of this integral for set periods of time provides an image of the power supplied by the patient in dynamic efforts, which can be selected as a control parameter for controlling the heart rate. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,863, which describes a rate-responsive cardiac pacemaker with the pacing frequency controlled based on acceleration measured along an antero-posterior axis.
It is an object of this invention to provide improved methods and apparatus for controlling a pacemaker pacing frequency as a function of the patient's efforts. It is another object to provide a control parameter that is more representative of metabolic power than the prior known effort-controlled pacemakers. It is yet another object to provide improved algorithms for controlling the pacing energy in response to an acceleration based control parameter.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a patient an effort controlled pacemaker that responds to a control parameter and information that is coherent at all times, even if the pacemaker box turns or shifts after implantation. It is another object to provide a particularly reliable control parameter even if the pacemaker box rotates.
Broadly, the present invention is directed to a pacemaker with a pacing frequency that is controlled by the patient's effort, according to a parameter computed from the acceleration measured at the level of the patient's trunk. One aspect of the invention concerns methods and apparatus for measuring the acceleration along two axes that are perpendicular to one another and measuring the acceleration along a third axis perpendicular to the two previous axes, wherein the two axes perpendicular to one another are parallel to the flat surface of the implanted pacemaker box.
Accordingly, the control parameter is derived as a function of the values of the signals representing the acceleration along the three axes. The control parameter is thus related to the metabolic power used up by the patient in the course of the patient's efforts producing those signals.
In one embodiment, the control parameter is the integral, computed for a predetermined period of time, of the sum of the absolute values of the signals representing the acceleration along the three axes. In an alternate embodiment, the control parameter is the integral, computed for a predetermined period of time, of the square root of the sum of the squares of the signals representing the acceleration along the three axes.
The acceleration measuring devices are comprised, for each of said axes, of an accelerometer (also referred to as an accelerometric sensor) that is sensitive to motion in only one direction. The accelerometer may be based on capacity variation; but other phenomenon that produce a variable electrical signal in response to motion in a given direction may be used.
Preferably, the accelerometer is comprised of a flat substratum, the accelerometer being sensitive in one direction contained in the plane of the substratum. Two accelerometers may be mounted on the same substratum and oriented so as to be sensitive in two perpendicular directions, and the third accelerometer is provided to be sensitive in a direction perpendicular to the plane of said substratum. The third accelerometer may be mounted in the plane of substratum containing the two accelerometers. The third accelerometer is preferably mounted on that substratum, thereby providing a conveniently small package for insertion in a pacemaker box.
The apparatus of the present invention preferably includes an integrating unit that is highly constant in time and which produces an output signal in digital form. Preferably, the integrating unit comprises an integrator which generates a fast ramp with a time constant of a few milliseconds, a reference voltage comparator, a monostable circuit issuing a pulse at each flip of the comparator, and a counter that counts pulses, the count of which is an output signal in digital form.
A pacemaker microprocessor is adapted to receive and use the digital output signal from the counter to determine the controlled heart rate in accordance with a suitably selected protocol or rate control algorithm responsive to the digital signal control parameter.
Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of this invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a symbolic circuit diagram for measuring the metabolic power from acceleration sensors along three orthogonal axes, and generating frequency controlled stimulus pulses, the control parameter being the integral of the sum of the absolute values of the signals representing the acceleration along said axes; and
FIG. 2 is a symbolic circuit diagram similar to that in FIG. 1 except that the control parameter is the integral of the square root of the sum of the squares of said acceleration signals; and
FIG. 3 is an elevated perspective, partial cutaway, view of the acceleration sensors inside a pacemaker box according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, three orthogonal axes are provided for measurement of the acceleration: a horizontal antero-posterior axis x, a vertical axis y, anda lateral axis z. For each of these axes, a series of electronic modules isprovided, respectively illustrated as modules 16, 17, 18. Each series comprises five modules including an accelerometric sensor 1, an amplifier 2, a low-pass filter 3, a high-pass filter 4, and a full-wave rectifier 5.A letter suffix is used when referring to a specific axis, the letters being omitted for general discussions.
Accelerometric sensor 1 is preferably of the capacitive type, i.e., with anoutput capacity variation. Preferably, sensor 1 is micro-machined on a silicon substratum, for instance, having a motion sensitive axis in a given direction in a plane of motion as indicated by the double arrows forsensors 1X, 1Y, and 1Z on FIG. 3.
Amplifier 2 produces a voltage output variation in response to the capacityvariation output of sensor 1, which is referred to as the acceleration signal. Amplifier 2 may be configured to produce a typical output of 270 mV/g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Low-pass filter 3 is provided for eliminating the interference in the acceleration signal picked up by sensor 1. Filter 3 has a cut-off frequency of a few Hz, typically 6 Hz.
High-pass filter 4 provides a cut-off frequency below 1 Hz, typically of 0.7 Hz, for eliminating the static from the earth's gravitational field.
Full-wave rectifier 5 provides the absolute value of the filtered acceleration signal.
For each of the three axes x, y, z (series 16, 17, and 18), the absolute value of the filtered acceleration signal is applied to an adder 6, which sums the signals. An integrator 7 receives the sum from adder 6 and generates a fast ramp, with a time constant of a few ms, typically 3.9 ms.The output of integrator 7 is applied to one input of a comparator 8. The reference input of comparator 8 receives a reference voltage from an adjustable reference voltage generating circuit 9.
The output of comparator 8 is connected to a monostable circuit 10, which supplies a pulse at each flip of comparator 8. The output of monostable circuit 10 is fed back to the reset input of integrator 7 and provided to the input of a counter 11.
The set of modules illustrated as 7 to 11 thus constitutes an integrator unit that is highly constant in time and has an output signal that is obtained directly in digital form. It functions as follows: Integrator 7 generates a fast ramp in a relatively short time. When the output of integrator 7 exceeds the reference voltage from circuit 9, comparator 8 flips over, i.e., changes state, triggering monostable circuit 10. This supplies a pulse which increments counter 11 and resets integrator 7. The process then begins again identically.
Adjusting the reference voltage input to comparator 8 enables the gain of the electronic circuit to be adjusted in order to adapt it to sensors of different sensitivity.
A clock 12 is provided to define the metabolic power computation time or measurement cycle, e.g., 1.5 s. In other words, every 1.5 s, the output ofcounter 11 is transferred to a buffer, latch or memory device (i.e., memorized in flip-flops) (not shown) by a microprocessor 13, and counter 11 is reset for a new measurement cycle. In this manner, the count acquired every 1.5 seconds is provided as a digital value Pmet, representative of a sum of the filtered acceleration signals produced by the patient on the three orthogonal axes. The value Pmet corresponds to the patient's metabolic power consumption and, hence, cardiac output requirements.
Microprocessor 13 acquires the measurement of the metabolic power Pmet and computes a heart rate using a linear relation:
The parameter FCbase corresponds to the basic heart rate and is set (programmed) by the doctor in a conventional manner. The control slope A also is determined by the doctor, but can be automatically recomputed to adjust itself to suit the patient. See in this regard, copending and commonly assigned U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 07/813,204, filed Dec.23, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. and U.S. Ser. No. 07/813,905, filed Dec. 23, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,249,572 which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In determining the frequency of the heart pacing actually applied, the computed frequency F is only taken into account if it differs from the basic frequency by more than 6%. This allows for some hysteresis.
A pulse generating circuit 14 is provided, which is a specific integrated circuit. When appropriate, it receives from microprocessor 13 the width, amplitude and rate characteristics of the pacing pulses to be applied, andgenerates stimulating pulses which are applied to an electrode 15 of a pacing lead (cardiac catheter).
The control parameter obtained by the present invention is a function of the metabolic power Pmet used up by the patient during the effort. This power is computed by evaluating the energy expended by the patient over a set period of time, equal to 1.5 s in the example described. As noted, this period is set by clock 12. The expenditure of energy is obtained by integrating the sum of the absolute values of the acceleration signals measured along the axes of the accelerometric sensors.
Referring to FIG. 2, an alternate embodiment of the invention is illustrated, in which the elements that are the same as the elements referred to in FIG. 1 are provided with the same reference numerals. The modifications with regard to the embodiment of FIG. 1 are as follows: In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, full-wave rectifier 5 in each series16, 17, and 18 is replaced by a square multiplier 19, and adder 6 is replaced by module 20. Whereas full-wave rectifier 5 provided the absolutevalue of the signal of acceleration along a given axis, square multiplier 19 provides the square of the signal of acceleration along that given axis. Thus, each of the series 16, 17, and 18 of electronic modules 1-4 and 19 produces the square of the signal of acceleration along its axis.
Whereas adder 6 (FIG. 1) produced the sum of the absolute values of the signals according to each of the three axes, electronic module 20 providesthe square root of the sum of the squares of the signals of acceleration along each of the three axes.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the measurement of the acceleration is mathematically accurate. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the measurement is approximate, and, in the event of rotation of the box, a measurement error of up to 25% can occur. However, such an error can be corrected by application of an algorithm automatically calibrating the relationship between the pacing rate Fc and the digital value Pmet, for instance. See, e.g., the aforementioned U.S. patents.
Referring to FIG. 3, acceleromatic sensors 1X, 1Y, 1Z are preferably in theform of integrated circuit devices disposed on the electronic circuit of the pacemaker, inside the pacemaker box 30. Together, accelerometric sensors 1 constitute a multi-dimensional accelerometer for improving the estimation of the power supplied by the patient in his/her dynamic effort.Sensor 1X is shown in phantom lines to illustrate differences between the three sensor structure already described and the two sensor structure described below.
An example of an accelerometric sensor susceptible of being used within thescope of the present invention is described in European patent No. 149,572 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,653,326. In one such structure a substratum 40, e.g., silicon, is provided with an aperture 42 through the substratum 40 which defines a flexible rod 45 extending from the substratum 40 into the aperture 42. The rod 45 has a length oriented in a direction (plane) parallel to the surface of the substratum, and susceptible to being deformed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which it is oriented (in the direction of the double arrow) and parallel to the surface of the substratum 40. This rod 45 is thus capable of measuring, bysensing a capacity variation between the rod and the aperture surface(s), the component of acceleration in said direction perpendicular to the direction in which the rod is oriented.
With two sensors of this type sensitive in the perpendicular directions of a plane, and a third sensor sensitive in the direction perpendicular to this plane, the three sensors being disposed in said plane, or with equivalent sensors for measuring the accelerations in three perpendicular directions, all the components of acceleration are known.
The notable advantages of this disposition are:
- complete information on movement of the trunk, and consequently, a betterapproximation of the expenditure of energy per unit of time which yields a lower control parameter;
- insensitivity to the position of the pacemaker box and the position of the patient, because the measurement space is a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system; and
- a good signal-to-noise ratio.
In addition, the capacity variation accelerometers have the following features:
- excellent stability over time,
- a very low temperature drift with very high sensitivity, and
- minimum space requirements due to their very small active mass.
An accelerometric sensor of the type described is substantially flat; the direction in which the rod is oriented and the direction of detection of the accelerations are parallel to the surface of the substratum and perpendicular to one another. Referring to FIG. 3, as noted, two sensors 1Y and 1Z sensitive in two perpendicular directions can be disposed on or in the same flat substratum 40. The third sensor 1X (shown in phantom lines) may be disposed in the same plane (not shown), but must be sensitive in a direction perpendicular to this plane. The accelerometer embodying the invention is preferably constituted in the form of a chip, e.g., a silicon circuit element 50.
In some cases, i.e., for specific types of patients, the utilization of twoaccelerometric sensors is deemed sufficient. In this case, the two sensors preferably 1Y and 1Z (FIG. 3) detect accelerations along the patient's vertical axis and lateral axis (e.g., the series 17 and 18 of electronic modules 1-5 in FIG. 1). The information provided is substantially constanteven if the pacemaker box turns subsequent to implantation, with the same restrictions as previously with regard to the processing of the signals. Accordingly, the case of two sensors is deemed as being within the scope of the invention.
One skilled interest will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented forpurposes of illustration and not of limitation.
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|US5016632 *||Aug 27, 1990||May 21, 1991||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Medical device and method for stimulating a physiological event in a patient with a stimulation intensity automatically adapting to the physical activity of the patient|
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|FR149572A *||Title not available|
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|2||*||Anderson, Kenneth M., Research Leads To Major Breakthrough In Rate Responsive Pacemaking , Sensor Pacing Oct. 1986, pp. 89 93.|
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|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5425750 *||Jul 14, 1993||Jun 20, 1995||Pacesetter, Inc.||Accelerometer-based multi-axis physical activity sensor for a rate-responsive pacemaker and method of fabrication|
|US5593431 *||Mar 30, 1995||Jan 14, 1997||Medtronic, Inc.||Medical service employing multiple DC accelerometers for patient activity and posture sensing and method|
|US5645574 *||Nov 29, 1994||Jul 8, 1997||Ela Medical S.A.||Apparatus and process for control of implantable rate-adaptive cardiac pacemaker|
|US5645576 *||Mar 16, 1995||Jul 8, 1997||Ela Medical S.A.||Method and apparatus for controlling the base frequency of a cardiac pacemaker|
|US5649968 *||Nov 14, 1995||Jul 22, 1997||Intermedics, Inc.||Accelerometer-based rate-adaptive cardiac pacing with second generation signal processing|
|US5935153 *||Nov 20, 1997||Aug 10, 1999||Ela Medical S.A.||Active implantable medical device enslaved to a signal of acceleration|
|US6002963 *||Feb 17, 1995||Dec 14, 1999||Pacesetter, Inc.||Multi-axial accelerometer-based sensor for an implantable medical device and method of measuring motion measurements therefor|
|US6132337 *||Mar 24, 1998||Oct 17, 2000||Keytron Electronics & Technologies Ltd.||Exercise monitoring system|
|US6351672||Jul 22, 1999||Feb 26, 2002||Pacesetter, Inc.||System and method for modulating the pacing rate based on patient activity and position|
|US6937900||Jul 24, 2002||Aug 30, 2005||Pacesetter, Inc.||AC/DC multi-axis accelerometer for determining patient activity and body position|
|US7149579||Dec 23, 2002||Dec 12, 2006||Pacesetter, Inc.||System and method for determining patient posture based on 3-D trajectory using an implantable medical device|
|US7149584||Dec 23, 2002||Dec 12, 2006||Pacesetter, Inc.||System and method for determining patient posture based on 3-D trajectory using an implantable medical device|
|US7225023 *||Oct 25, 2001||May 29, 2007||Pacesetter, Inc.||System and method for modulating the pacing rate based on patient activity and position|
|US20050054938 *||Jul 28, 2004||Mar 10, 2005||Wehman Thomas C.||Method and apparatus including altimeter and accelerometers for determining work performed by an individual|
|US20080086176 *||Oct 7, 2007||Apr 10, 2008||Physical Logic Ag||Method and Apparatus for Control of Pacemakers|
|US20130289652 *||Apr 26, 2012||Oct 31, 2013||Medtronic, Inc.||Adjustment of therapy based on acceleration|
|WO1995033517A1 *||Jun 7, 1995||Dec 14, 1995||David Cunningham||Apparatus for monitoring cardiac contractility|
|WO2005011480A2 *||Jul 29, 2004||Feb 10, 2005||Telecom Medical, Inc.||Method and apparatus including altimeter and accelerometers for determining work performed by an individual|
|WO2005011480A3 *||Jul 29, 2004||Sep 15, 2005||Milos Backovic||Method and apparatus including altimeter and accelerometers for determining work performed by an individual|
|Apr 19, 1994||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ELA MEDICAL, FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LEGAY, THIERRY;RIPART, ALAIN;REEL/FRAME:006942/0878;SIGNING DATES FROM 19940329 TO 19940330
|Aug 8, 1995||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Dec 19, 1997||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 31, 2001||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 1, 2006||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Feb 22, 2006||SULP||Surcharge for late payment|
Year of fee payment: 11
|Feb 22, 2006||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
William Kay: Wealth Matters
Our columnist answers your questions on how to protect and increase your net worth
I earn £137,000 a year and am due to retire in two years. The pre-budget report pension measures have left me thoroughly confused, although I am vaguely aware they will affect people earning over £130,000. I have a company money purchase scheme into which I have generally paid one-off lump sums. My employer also pays in 10% of my salary a year.
The government said in its 2009 budget that tax relief on pensions savings would be restricted from April 6, 2011, for people with incomes of £150,000 or over. Tax relief will taper from 50% at £150,000 to just 20% for those earning £180,000 or more. It also introduced legislation to stop people pumping up pensions ahead of then.
If that wasn't complicated enough, Darling said last week that from 2011 the income definition for the £150,000 threshold will include the value of employer pension contributions (though

domain: finance