The World Bank Group between 2006 and 2016, has directly funded at least 14 large land deals spanning at least 900,000 hectares and provided securities financing to over 700,000 more in Africa, Latin America, South and South East Asia.
Most notorious of these are the landgrabs funded by the IFC. In Guinea, IFC has financed resource extraction projects amounting to US$140M in loans, which resulted to the displacement of 150,000 people. Hundreds of thousands more face the risk of cyanide pollution in their water sources. Similarly, IFC has funded mining operations in Myanmar [xvi] that displaced 16,000 farmers and indigenous Karen peoples in 23 communities.
In more than 30 countries – mostly in the Global South – the IFC has been bankrolling landgrabs through financial intermediaries. Private equities and commercial banks fund these lucrative land deals that have adverse social, political, environmental, and humanitarian impacts [xvii].
The IFC has been setting up Climate Funds and ‘green bonds’ to supposedly leverage private sector money towards environmental protection and climate change mitigation. Ironically, almost 70% of these projects are power generation projects such as dams and coal powered power plants in 12 countries including Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Philippines, and Sierra Leone [xviii]. On the other hand, 46% of area in land grabs are for extractive mining of metals and oil explorations in 15 countries including the Mekong Delta, Egypt, Zambia, Uganda, South Africa and Colombia. In nine countries, large-scale plantations of palm oil, rubber, cotton, and sugarcane are also a huge part of the land grabs in Indonesia, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Gabon [xix]. “Green” funds supposedly predicated at mitigating climate impacts are grabbing forest lands, burning them and transforming them into plantations!
Despite peoples’ movements and civil society groups’ condemnation of IFC, it has increased agriculture and land-directed “investments” throughout the years [xx]. The World Bank itself lied through its teeth three years ago when it said that only 2% of IFC’s investment in agriculture and forestry had “any component related to land acquisition” [xxi].
More than the rhetoric of achieving food security, landgrabs are motivated by backing financial instruments and assets of the rentiers of financial oligarchs. Since the global financial meltdown of 2008, financial institutions, led by US-based asset-holding corporations and institutions [xxii], are becoming the largest actors behind global land grabs.
While IFC provides the funding including through direct and indirect equity investments, another for-profit arm of the World Bank Group insures landgrabbing investors – the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). MIGA provided political risk insurance to several asset-holding corporations and pension funds, including the US$65M it extended to sugar plantation expansion in Mozambique and the US$50 million cover for London-based Chayton Capital in grabbing 20,000 hectares of land in Zambia [xxiii]. MIGA is systematically betting against national interest of host peoples against nationalization, conflict, and acquisition contentions.
While not necessarily exhaustive, much discussion has been done by civil society organizations in the past few years on the role of direct investments and sub-investments of the World Bank Group in landgrabbing. Little have been said on the much larger role it played to facilitate the global land rush – the neoliberal globalization and corporatization of development.
Sowing the seeds of landgrabbing
The IMF-World Bank played a critical historical role in enabling landgrabs in the Global South.
The IMF-World Bank’s neoliberal restructuring of national economies in the late 70’s to early 90s under the structural adjustment program (SAP), and later on the US Treasury-led Washington Consensus, have laid the grounds and sowed the seeds of this massive scale of foreign and foreign-funded landgrabbing.
For decades, the IMF-World Bank Group imposed market colonialism and economic genocide through conditional loans and the IMF shadow program/advisory services as prerequisites of said loans. The triumvirate of market liberalization, deregulation of primary resources and services, and privatization of State assets and facilities forced through so-called adjustment loans have drastically diverted resources away from the domestic economy [xxiv]. On the other hand, it funded export crop production to suit the demand of the innocuous ‘world market’ increasingly dominated by US and EU-based agribusiness monopolies.
Most devastating of such ‘advisory services’ concern land tenure and governance. National legislations on land rights are often developed under the direct scrutiny and advisory services of the Legal Department of the World Bank. The World Bank advocated a market-assisted land reform program predicated on “comparative advantage” of land use, when in practice, it led to reconcentration of lands and evaded intact land monopolies altogether [xxv]. In almost all cases, privatization of agricultural lands is structured in a way that land sales are diverted to debt servicing [xxvi].
In Peru, where more 80,000 hectares of lands were grabbed in the last decade, the 1991 Land Law pushed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) and advisory services of the World Bank required a minimum of 10 hectares as a unit of ownership. This encouraged the centralization of lands to the hands of a few while the parceleros (small farmers) were forced to either sell or give up control of their lands to landlords [xxvii].
In India, the abolition of land ownership ceilings was one of the explicit conditions of World Bank loans.
In sub-Saharan Africa, the World Bank pressured the states in the late 90s to privatize the agricultural lands, which resulted in carbon copy Land Laws that sold the peasant lands – mostly without consent and consultation and often violent — or have leased it out to international agribusinesses for 50-99 years.
Similar laws predicated on a redistributive model have been done in Brazil, Philippines and Colombia where supposedly redistributive land reforms incentivized land monopolies and created conditions for mortgage forfeitures, resulting in a larger landless populace than before. By 1996, the World Bank adopted an aggressive policy of full private ownership of agricultural lands and land market development programs.
The World Bank also facilitated in developing national customary land laws in its “plural land tenure and governance” policy, which privatized the control, if not the ownership, of ancestral lands of Indigenous Peoples and forests, assigning them lease and market value.
The SAP radically eroded the capacity of developing nations to produce staple food domestically. The currency devaluation in combination with the unification of exchange rates and controls have provided an impetus for the growth of commercial farms. This and the deregulation of staple food prices and liberalization of food imports have removed the protection to farmers producing food crops and forced countries to import-substitute crops. In sub-Saharan Africa, privatization of roads and deregulation of oil resulting to high transportation costs crippled farmers selling their food in the local market, which competes with dumped agricultural products from the Northern countries. In other developing countries, irrigation was privatized through World Bank’s policies on water property rights and markets.
Monoculture cropping was also the war cry of the World Bank as heavily subsidized TNCs from the US and EU encroached on privatizing local seed banks, seizing the opportunity of peasant ruin in the countryside. It restructured farming relations from local food production to export-oriented commercial farming.
As a result, the SAP enabled the proliferation of global monopolies that control food production, inputs, and distribution while starving the farmers from the developing world. The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank’s brother-in-arms against food sovereignty, has put the denationalization of food systems on overdrive.
Since WTO, profits in the globalized era are sought in increasingly speculative and fraudulent activities [xxviii], and agriculture is specially not exempted. The footprint of speculative activities in the global land rush, especially in 2008 onward, pushed the prices of food staples and led to the food riots and conflicts, which led millions of people in the developing world in a spiral of hunger and poverty [xxix].
In developing countries, the World Bank demanded, the phasing out of agricultural subsidies and the privatization of State seed and fertilizer facilities through the SAPs to “create space for the private sector”. So now, it suffers voluntary amnesia whenever it talks about the “gaps” in agricultural funding supposedly filled in by the private sector, since it created that “gap”.
Maximizing Finance for Development:
Incentivizing Land Grabs and Corporatization of Agricultural Development
The IMF-World Bank in its policy paper “Maximizing Finance in Development in Agriculture Value Chains”, which it hypocritically titled “The Future of Food”, further elaborates the latest installment of IMF-World Bank’s longstanding attack on people’s right to food and food sovereignty, and the offensive advance of greater corporate takeover of agriculture and corporatization of agricultural development.
In the paper, the World Bank describes crowding in funds from the private sector as the all-encompassing key in closing the “gap” in funding for agricultural development. While the paper discusses and hides behind the “alignment” of agricultural development to strategic goals of “poverty reduction” and “providing better jobs and boosting shared prosperity”, it paints a plan to further denationalize food systems and increase financialization in food production, control, and distribution, which divert funds for farmers to incentivizing and de-risking TNC investments and monopoly control.
Advocating Use-Certificates and Access to Rental and Land Markets in lieu of right to land. In continuing its role as an enabler of landgrabbing and further absolving itself of culpability, the paper points out that “weak government policies on land tenure and governance” [xxx] cause risks of landgrabs. In the same breath, the IMF-World Bank calls for national policy reforms advocating more secure use-certificates to minimize the risk of agricultural investments for financial actors. This is doublespeak for the further erosion of the already denied rights of farmers and Indigenous Peoples to land and resources.
While it laments that only 10% of lands in sub-Saharan Africa are registered, it advocates the Ethiopian use-certification land reform that led to the land grabbing of between 2.5 to 2.71 million hectares of land in Ethiopia, which is up to 58.2% of total land area suitable and available for agricultural production, between 1992 and 2010 alone. This comes to no one’s surprise as IFC enabled a 110,000-hectare plantation landgrab in Ethiopia last 2010, where it provided US$150 million loan to ICICI Bank, the landgrabber Karuturi Global’s investor. The IMF-WB continues its efforts in eroding policies on peoples’ right to land through the Land Governance Assessment Framework.
Guarantee, award, incentivize TNCs and monopolies while sponsoring neglect of farmers and domestic food production. The paper promotes the rollback of any State support for farmers and national food production. It calls for a “shift in public policies from direct agricultural support towards improving private sector access to risk management instruments for agriculture”. This shift means indiscriminate phasing out of subsidies to farmers, privatization of state assets related to food production, and the “decoupling of subsidies” away from staple foods as these “crowd out” private sector participation. Moreover, it also calls for an exit of State banks and state capital in funding, lending, and insuring small farmer and staple food production to “create spaces” for commercial banks and international private financing.
These deregulation policies in agriculture coupled with further liberalization, redolent of the disastrous SAPs, will further cripple national capacity to produce food and mitigate world food price spikes. As it is, public spending in agriculture in the global south is on a four-decade long decline [xxxi] in relative terms. In fact, in the south of Sahara, where more than 80% of people depend on agriculture, public spending declined by 25% in the last three decades [xxxii]. A more significant decline was also noted in the Latin America and the Caribbean. Financing takes up an increasing amount of public spending in agriculture, while less and less in direct subsidies to farmers [xxxiii]. A World Bank review attributes this shift to “an era of policy reform” towards market liberalization [xxxiv].
On the other hand, the World Bank has no qualms in subsidizing the entry and entrenchments of agribusiness monopolies in the Global South. In 2009, IFC gave a US$75-million equity infusion to the US$625-million investment vehicle Altima One World Agriculture Fund. The Altima Fund owns majority shares of the El Tejar, the soybean monopoly in Argentina. This then enabled El Tajar to position itself, through more than 200,000 hectares in land grabs, as the largest farm operator in Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Brazil [xxxv].
Rising prices and trade liberalization also catalyze land grabs. In Cambodia, for example, there is a major uptick in land grabbing due to the “Everything but Arms Treaty” that was signed with the EU. Under the treaty, Cambodia can export sugar duty free.
The paper also prescribes Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) “wherever possible”, a project funding model worse than privatization. PPPs in agriculture lead to user fees in irrigation and rural infrastructure, opening up land, water extraction, genetic and natural resources to the private sector exploitation; changing national seed laws; lifting plant variety protection, even accommodating the propagation of questionable crops such as those genetically modified; giving up national R&D to the control of agribusiness TNCs and allowing their techno-fixes to low productivity; and changing concepts of land rights and agrarian reform, among others.
In stark contrast to the prescribed neglect to farmers, the paper advocates the diversion of the meager funds to shielding agribusinesses from risks of nationalization, expropriation, disputes, conflict and political risks, even calamities – for countries to bet against their farmers and agricultural workers!
As if not enough, the paper advocates a private sector-led and -centered diagnostic systems in agricultural development – adding control over “assessment framework” and “diagnosis” to the arsenal of corporate power. As it is, the “private sector” is simultaneously the plaintiff, the perpetrator, the lawmaker, the lawyer, and the judge in disputes. Of the 855 known ISDS cases, where 542 were filed in the World Bank’s international investment dispute settlement ICSID , 61% were decided in favor of the investor and only 39% in favor of the state [xxxvi]. In fact, the IFC and the World Bank have consistently invoked its “absolute immunity” in class action lawsuits directed against them over the past few years[xxxvii].
Unsurprisingly, the paper advocates as well for the “harmonization” of seed laws. These laws, as made clear by farmers in Africa, are violating the rights of people to seed and seed biodiversity — supporting policies for privatization of seeds and criminalization of seed saving and strengthening the position of international seed monopolies like Bayer-Monsanto and DuPont.
Further deepening of financialization of food systems and increasing the speculative nature of land and food markets.Financialization has been pushing prices of food and fueling the landgrabs since 2008. In fact, from 2004, IFC has funded US$4.55 billion in loans and grants to financial intermediaries linked to over hundreds of projects that resulted in landgrabbing, displacement of peoples, ruin of livelihood, and environmental degradation [xxxviii]. These financial intermediaries, which include banks, insurance companies, microfinance institutions, and private equity funds, received the biggest share of World Bank’s investments through the IFC [xxxix].
While the World Bank advocates for the “deepening of financial markets in developing countries” and in agriculture, it leaves out in convenience the fact that global agricultural markets today are already riddled and closely entangled with increasingly speculative funds, bonds, derivatives, and other financial instruments like the commodity index fund which drives agricultural inputs and product prices upward – a double burden for farmers.
As already mentioned above, the IFC has also been setting up of green funds and climate change mitigation funds that has predated on forests and Indigenous Peoples’ rights to land and self-determination. The IFC boasts that its investments in climate financing have reached US$18.3 billion and mobilized $11 billion in private sector funding for climate since 2005 [xl] — including 109 green bonds.
Since 2011, IFC has invested a total of US$246.5 million [xli] in RCBC, a Philippine-based bank, including at least US$22.5 million in IFC’s climate loans [xlii]. RCBC has been funding the construction and operation of 20 coalfired power plants in the Philippines, which have displaced and affected at least 28 communities of farmers and fishers.
Killings amid poverty and landlessness
Growing landlessness and soaring rural poverty are the clear and inevitable effects of IMF-WB neoliberal policies. IMF-WB’s decades of policies of auctioning off agricultural lands to land markets and their promotion of market-led land reforms and speculation have marginalized large portions of already impoverished farmers in the global south in favor of local elites and international investors. [xliii]
Commodification of agricultural and forestlands has led to greater concentration of land in the hands of local elites while systematically excluding small farmers [xliv]. Large haciendas and latifundia in Asia and in Latin America remain intact and have grown and evolved over the last century.
In most of the developing countries today, 95% of farms being tilled by small farmers are below 5 hectares. However, these farms occupy only 66 to 75% of the total arable lands[xlv]. This means that the remaining 5% of farms are large landholdings where 25 to 33% of the total arable lands are concentrated. In the Middle East and North African region, 80% of farms occupy only 20% of total agricultural area. While in Latin America, the largest 10% of farms hold 60% of total agricultural area [xlvi]. In the Philippines, 57% of farms cover only 12% of total agricultural lands [xlvii].
The intense concentration of agricultural lands in the hands of landlords and corporations indicate how massive landlessness is among farmers and agricultural workers. The total of 12 million farmers displaced by reported land grabs in the last decade add to the already high number of landless in the global south. In India alone, 41.63% of rural households are landless, which translate to 307 million people [xlviii].
In addition, neoliberal schemes such as contract growing and other lease-type agreements wrest the control of farms from small farmers and hand it over to agribusiness ventures. Thus, even the landed small farmers end up as agricultural workers in their own land.
Land grabs in the past few years are also becoming more violent and heavily militarized as more and more communities resist forced displacement. The IMF-WB itself is complicit in the piling bodies of farmers and land rights activists in the Global South.
For example, in Honduras, one of the deadliest countries on earth for farmers and land rights activists, the IFC gave a loan of US$15 million to the Dinant Group in 2009. The Dinant Group, owned by the wealthiest man in the country and one of the biggest landlords in the Aguan Valley, killed more than 36 farmers in 2011, in the wake of its way to being Honduras’s biggest oil palm plantation operator – bagging 60% of palm oil exports in the country [xlix]. The World Bank has profited off farmers’ murders.
Agribusiness and mining landgrabs total the greatest number of extrajudicial killings, according to reports. Not only are small farmers neglected in policy making; the human rights of peasants and land rights defenders are also disregarded and even attacked by the state. In fact, in the 207 reported global killings of farmers and land rights defenders in 2017, at least 53 were state-sponsored.
Towards peoples’ right to food and food sovereignty
But amid all these attacks, the farmers, Indigenous Peoples, and other rural peoples’ resistance against landgrabbing is also gaining ground. In fact, there are numerous cases of landgrabs that were delayed, thwarted, and even denied because of the communities’ determined assertion of their right to land and resources. While there are many factors in the relative slowdown of global landgrabs over the last three years [l], rural peoples’ determination to expose, directly confront and challenge the land grabbers has made a significant impact.
In the Philippines, for instance, farmers and Indigenous Peoples are standing their ground in lands that are being grabbed for oil palm plantations, for mining and coal-fired power plants, and for ‘green cities’, among others. In the province of Misamis Oriental in Mindanao, Indigenous Higaonan people continue to keep at bay the state-backed ABERDI  company from displacing them in 530 hectares of ancestral lands earmarked for oil palm plantation expansion. Retaking lands from landgrabbers and centuries-old haciendas through what we call “bungkalan” or land occupation and collective cultivation also marks the resistance of farmers and Indigenous Peoples in various provinces of the Philippines like Negros, Bohol, Bukidnon, Tarlac, Batangas, Samar, Sorsogon, and Davao[li].
In West Bengal, India, Singur peasants deployed a combination of legal, on-ground, and political actions against manufacturing giant Tata Motors over 500 hectares of agricultural lands. The historic 2016 decision of the West Bengali court in favor of the farmers and the unwavering resolve of the Singur peasants have swept the region. It catalyzed a wave of peasant struggles and prompted land reform amendments in the region.
In Brazil, land occupation movements led by the Liga de Campesinos Pobres in Pau D’arco, Para, North of Brazil and in the Beirada Farm in Manga remain a bulwark of peasant power against mining and agribusiness landgrabbers. Despite more than 40 farmers and activists already killed and hundreds more arrested in the defense of their lands last year alone, the Brazilian farmers continue to thwart landgrabs and persist in reclaiming their lands. In Santa Elina, poor and landless farmers took over the old Hacienda Sta. Elina and are now collectively cultivating the “blood stained” lands they have for decades been fighting for.
Today as the IMF-World Bank and their client countries unite to find new ways to plunder our lands, exploit and oppress our rural peoples, and take away the peoples’ rights, we raise our clenched fists as one and reaffirm our resolve to defend our land and resources, to stop further corporate takeover of development, and to reclaim our rights to land and food sovereignty.
Stop Land Grabs! Reclaim our rights and future!
Fight for Genuine Agrarian Reform!
Stop killing farmers!
Assert our right to food, land, and food sovereignty!
Junk IMF-World Bank’s neoliberal agenda!
Shut Down the IMF-World Bank!
Rafael Mariano is the Chair Emeritus of Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pillipinas. He was the former Secretary of the Philippine Government’s Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR).
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Government orders arrest of notorious land grabber in Mubende district.
By Witness Radio team
The government of Uganda has ordered the Police in Mubende to oversee the arrest of a land grabber in the Mubende district whose evictions have caused suffering to residents in Mubende for over a decade.
The Prime minister of Uganda, Rt Hon. Robina Nabbanja while meeting the affected residents at her home in Kakumiro district ordered the arrest of Milly Naava Namutebi and halted all activities carried out by a land grabber on people’s land. She further made it clear that all residents remain on their land till her visit to ascertain the true owner of the land.
For over a decade, Naava has been carrying out forced evictions in the area with the assistance of the area police which has rendered people homeless. People have lost land, lack food, children are not schooling and families have broken as a result of her unending violent evictions. Defenders have been framed and arrested, whereas others have been beaten in evictions.
Over 3.5 square miles belonging to 4000 residents have all been taken by the wealthy investor without consent from the owners.
Over 60 residents of Kirwanyi in Kiruma sub-county led by their Chairman Bangirana Innocent pitched camp at the Prime minister’s home in protest of the increased and violent evictions of Naava and her men and wanted the prime minister’s intervention to save them from being evicted.
According to the residents, Naava with the protection of police officers was harvesting people’s crops including maize claiming she wanted to use the land. The residents informed Witness Radio that they have been on the said land for generations and wonder how Naava came to own it.
One of the victims, Mr. Lubuuka Godfrey who had over 20 acres of maize told the Prime minister that casual laborers attached to Naava and guarded by the police officers slashed all his plantation and ordered him to leave the land immediately.
“I direct the District Police Commander (DPC) of Mubende and the Resident District Commissioner (RDC) to withdraw the four police officers guarding Naava, and thereafter arrest her for causing distress to the people.” The Rt Hon Prime minister said.
At least 30 houses and hundreds of hectares of crops especially maize were destroyed in the recent violent evictions, according to a community land rights defender, Mr. Ssesazi Christopher.
Naava has on several occasions been arrested and charged for violently evicting people without compensating or resettling them. In July 2022, Naava together with his people at large were arrested, arraigned before the magistrate court in Mubende, and charged with 20 counts including forgery, malicious damage, fraud, and criminal trespass among others.
The Rt Hon Prime minister’s order comes after Naava defied directives of not evicting people on land that were given by the Minister of Lands, Hon Judith Nabakooba. Last year, Nabakooba visited the affected communities and directed no further evictions citing investigations into the land ownership.
Land grabs: Officials in Mubende district are colluding with economically powerful and politically connected people to grab local communities’ land.
By Witness Radio Team
Justine Nakachwa (not her real name) had never thought of losing land she and her family had happily lived on for decades. Her dream of owning farmland had come true.
The land passed down to generations of descendants from the late 1970s was now being claimed by a renowned businessman. She got staggered.
“I was shocked by this news because I have spent most of my life here. Am wondering how he could acquire the land without the knowledge of the whole village.” She painfully revealed this while speaking to a Witness Radio-Uganda reporter.
The sixty-year-old is one of the community members of over 800 smallholder farmers in the three villages; Biwaalwe, Kabaale, and Kyagaranyi in Kanyogoga parish, Butologo sub-county in Mubende district currently facing eviction by Tubikaku Uganda Limited, a company owned by City businessman Desh Kananura.
The smallholder farmers have been practicing subsistence farming on this land to earn a living since the 1970s.
Intending to secure ownership and legalize it, they conducted a search and due diligence, which revealed that the land had no encumbrances. In 2012, they applied for a lease. Sadly, the Mubende District Land Board declined to grant their request and instead awarded the lease of 906.4 hectares to a ghost company Tubikaku Uganda Limited.
The economically powerful and politically connected to grabbing the downtrodden land with the assistance of land board officials is rapidly growing in Uganda. With the aid of district land boards, cartels are increasingly disposing of smallholder farmers. This practice is now predominant in many districts in the country, especially Mubende district.
It is alleged that the District Land Board has previously leased people’s land to tycoons without following proper legal land acquisition procedures.
Seven years ago, a community’s land in Lwebigajji village in Mubende district of 226.5 hectares were grabbed by a local investor with the help of district land board officials. The community had lived on their land for over 30 years.
When the community showed interest in acquiring a leasehold on the land, the district land board of Mubende hurriedly offered the title to one Deo Semwogerere Mutyaba, a local businessman, who does not even own a decimal on the land.
Consequently, over 2000 families were affected. “In 2014, we requested the Mubende district lands board for a lease on this land, got surveyed using our efforts and resources, however upon returning the leasehold title in 2015, it had Semwogerere’s names as the owner of the land.” Grace Nantubiro, one of the community leaders said.
Samuel Wambi Mamali, a local businessman was also helped by the Mubende district land board officials to allegedly steal local community’s land covering three villages. These include Kyamukoona, Kijojolo, and Kalagala in Mubende District that have been occupied by locals for decades. The villages accommodate over 800 families.
The villagers indicated that Maamali fraudulently acquired a lease title he never applied for, did not consult community members on the land, nor at parish, or sub-county land committees that should have advised and guided on whether the land was lawfully being occupied and cultivated.
The few listed cases above are among several cases of grabbed land by wealthy and politically connected people in the Mubende district. The trend of district land boards facilitating land grabs has left many local and indigenous communities landless.
A community of over 300 smallholder farmers conned as their land is sold to a local investor without their consent.
By Witness Radio Team
As foreign agribusinesses take over Kiryandongo communities’ fertile land, other local investors are also eyeing the remaining land occupied by the poor families in the southwestern district of Uganda to grab their land.
A community of over 300 smallholder farmers in Ranch 22, Nyamuntende village in Kiryandongo district is being evicted by a local businessman Maseruka Robert who claims ownership of the land some have lived on for decades. Mr. Maseruka connived with some leaders in the community to grab land from the poor.
The evictions that started in August this year have caused the displacement of over 50 households so far on land measuring over 2000 acres without consultations or being fairly compensated. Crops belonging to residents, and houses were razed.
When evictions by multinationals soared in Uganda, the community acted swiftly to protect the interest on the land and avert a land grab. And in 2015, they applied for a lease of 49 years on the land from the Kiryandongo district land board which was granted to them.
However, unbeknownst to them, schemers would take advantage of this opportunity to grab their land. Earlier, the residents whose land is located on Ranch 22 Block 8 Bunyoro Ranching Scheme entrusted Wilson Sikhama, Ochema Richard, and a few other community members as their leaders in 2016 during the requisition of the land.
According to the residents, initially, the application processes unfolded as they had planned, however, Sikhama and Ochema allegedly connived with other people not known to the community to drop the names of some of the community members whom they had entrusted and replaced them with Julius Isingoma, Gerald Tumusiime, Messanger Gabriel Wabwire, Musokota William John and Simon Mwesige.
Residents further added that the land was titled in the names of the seven people who excluded the villagers. In 2019, when the community expected the location forms of the land per person, they understood that the land they had acquired was sold to one Maseruka Robert without their notification by Sikhama and the group.
In the same year 2019, the community ran to court seeking its intervention to regain the ownership of their land. The community was led by one of their own Mbabazi Samuel. In a blink of an eye, Mbabazi allegedly reached an agreement with the aforementioned group. On the 22nd of October 2020, he allegedly sold the said land to a group of people (Mr. Sikhama’s group) at One Hundred Million Shillings (100,000,000 equivalent to USD 26,483.79) without the approval of the community he represented.
After completion of the sale, the group of schemers sold the land to Maseruka who is now evicting the community.
In our interview with Maseruka, he failed to explain how he acquired the land but, insisted that he wanted the community to leave his land. “These people should leave my land because I want to use it, this is my land.” He maintained.
Some of the evictees whose houses were destroyed had relocated to their neighbors’ homes for fear of what would befall them. A 42-year-old widow and a mother of 10 said Maseruka’s accomplices destroyed her house leaving her destitute.
“These people wanted to give me 700,000/= (185.39) for the 15 acres of my land. When I resisted, they began destroying what they found including my house. They told me the money they were giving me was enough for me to vacate.” She explained.
The chairperson of the affected community, Mushija Caleb said his people are being forcefully evicted because they refused the peanuts given to them as compensation. He reiterated that his people don’t want to leave their land.
“They should not think of compensation irrespective of the amounts they are willing to offer because people are not interested in surrendering their land,” he added.
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One year ago, we announced the formation of our European headquarters, located in the heart of the Czech Republic. The move provided a convenient launch point to expand business partnerships and more readily offer sales, setup and maintenance of Light Guide Systems throughout Europe and Africa.
As one of the fastest growing enterprise AR companies, we have taken root not just in the United States, but in other regions of the world where manufacturing is strong.
After a successful MEDC-sponsored trade mission to China in July 2017, we knew our company had to take advantage of the opportunity again this year. With several different regions to choose from globally, we ultimately landed on India–one of the world’s fastest growing economies, and a country from which we receive a high level of interest in Light Guide Systems.
At OPS Solutions, we’re always looking to align with think tanks and innovation hubs that share our mission of helping manufacturers of all shapes and sizes improve their processes and compete more effectively in today’s industry 4.0-driven marketplace.
Today’s rapidly changing technology landscape demands constant innovation, and we could not be more proud of our team’s relentless focus on continuous improvement.
In 2005, we figured out a way to use augmented reality to help manufacturers drive operational processes with precision and speed and have been harnessing the power of AR technology ever since.
We are living in a society with more moving parts and pieces than ever before. Not only is there more variation in those individual products; there is more customization. From car doors to knee replacement hardware, nearly every product can be customized.
Here at OPS Solutions, we use augmented reality to help companies better visualize complex assembly processes so they can improve the way products are manufactured.
While we work hard to deliver transformational solutions for customers in a variety of industries, our team also has fun coming up with creative and amusing ways to demonstrate the versatility of our practical AR tool, Light Guide Systems—like the time we built a game of human pong for our open house event, or a bartending demo for a restaurant trade show.
Our company began with a spark of innovation and an inventive spirit that continues to thrive within our culture today. Our team is what drives that spirit, and in turn, our company, forward. This is a particularly exciting time for our company, as our continued growth has allowed us to expand our team even further. In a few short months, we’ve welcomed several new team members, including our first hires at our new European HQ in the Czech Republic.
Here at OPS Solutions, there’s no manufacturing challenge our team can’t solve. As a leader driving the next wave of manufacturing innovation, we’ve proven that augmented reality (AR) technology can be used to build anything—from cars, circuit boards and cookies to pacemakers, jet turbines and even yachts!
In the manufacturing industry, timing is everything.
New integrated tools and advanced technologies are constantly being introduced on factory floors to improve efficiency, quality and flexibility at a faster pace than ever. Manufacturers must apply Industry 4.0 technologies rapidly in order to maintain true competitiveness to others in the marketplace.
As a result of rising demand for advanced tools and technologies, the Industry 4.0 sector is in a continuous state of rapid evolution, with augmented reality leading the charge. But despite proven success and rising rates of adoption, many manufacturing organizations are still wondering:
“What is the best enterprise AR tool?”
A new frontier in global manufacturing has arrived, and Industry 4.0 is at its forefront.
Enterprise augmented reality, in particular, is transforming the modern manufacturing process and profoundly benefitting the growing number of factories that invest in it, in the areas of quality, training, efficiency and more.


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domain: news


- The clandestine burial of Ferdinand Marcos at LNMB sparked outrage among many Filipinos
- On Nov. 30, Filipinos will once more march to EDSA to protest the said burial
- The gathering will be from 4 p.m. to 12 midnight
After the surreptitious burial of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (LNMB), enraged Filipinos chose November 30, Bonifacio Day, to once more converge at the EDSA Monument and vent out their opposition against the government.
The gathering is spearheaded by the Coalition Against Marcos’ Burial at LNMB (CAMB-LNMB).
It is scheduled to last for eight hours, from 4 p.m. to 12 midnight.
Those who want to attend the event and show their indignation against the apparent resurrection of the Marcoses to power can wear black.
Last Friday, when the remains of the dictator were interred at the national shrine, around 500 individuals gathered at the EDSA monument.
Another group, the Block Marcos group, will join the gathering, with emphasis that only true heroes are worthy of a space at the LNMB.
The CAMB welcomes “freedom loving citizens” to join them.
It its FB post, the group stated:
“CAMB believes this is the only condition by which we can truly forge a united front against the immediate foe: the Marcos family and their efforts at twisting historical facts to suit their return to power, with Duterte as their enabling agent.”
The group added, “Because with this treacherous glorification of the dictator, patalikod tayong sinaksak ng Duterte administration gamit ang punyal ng panakaw na paglilibing (we were stabbed in the back using the dagger of the surreptitious burial).”
Are the Filipinos ready for another EDSA? This may not be a laughing matter but kids are different and these kids can laugh at anything no matter what.


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Newcastle Investment (NCT) Announces 20M Common Offering
- Top 10 News for 11/17 - 11/21: Halliburton's Big Buy; Japan Back in Recession; China Cuts Key Rate
- China Cuts Benchmark Rate Amid Weaknening Growth Prospects; Markets React (FXI)
- Dow Chemical (DOW), Third Point Enter Agreement; Four New Independent Directors Added
- Large Cut from OPEC Would Be 'Self-Negating', Says Goldman Sachs
- UPDATE: Volkswagen AG (VLKAY) Will Invest EUR 85.6B Over Next 5Y in Auto Ops - Bloomberg
Newcastle Investment Corp. (NYSE: NCT) plans to make a public offering of 20,000,000 shares of its common stock, subject to market and other conditions. In connection with the offering, the Company intends to grant the underwriters an option for 30 days to purchase up to an additional 3,000,000 shares of common stock.
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domain: economics


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domain: chemistry


The National award-winning film features in the curriculum for Class VII in the filmmaker's home state.
Rima Das’s Village Rockstars is part of Assam's English textbooks
Mumbai - 12 Feb 2020 23:47 IST
After being screened in over 80 film festivals and winning 44 awards, Rima Das's Village Rockstars (2018) can add one more honour to its list. The National award-winning film is now part of the Class VII English textbook in Assam in a chapter titled ‘Dhunu’s Guitar’ which traces the journey of the film and narrates its story.
Village Rockstars, about 10-year-old Dhunu from a village in Assam with dreams of owning a guitar, won four National awards for Best Feature Film, Best Editing, Best Audiography and Best Child Artiste and was India’s official entry to the Academy Awards in 2018.
Last year, in April, the Assam SCERT (State Council for Educational Research and Training) team developed the new middle-school textbooks under the leadership of Dr Mizo Prova Borah. Professor Padmini Baruah, the reviewer, felt that children in Assam could learn from Das's journey and become more familiar with the slice of Assam her film had brought home.
They approached Das and she happily agreed. Mizo Baidew, with the complete support of SCERT director Dr Nirada Devi, managed to put the official procedure in place.
In a statement, Rima Das shared her joy and said, "My dad was a school teacher and my mom ran a printing press. I was preparing to be a teacher. We have been a family that placed a lot of emphasis on education. Of all my achievements, my parents are most proud of this one and this has made me very happy. The entire Village Rockstars team is very happy!
“I feel blessed that the children of Assam will be exposed to new ideas and get a glimpse of my filmmaking journey. I hope to see a new generation of filmmakers from Assam. Many thanks to Toronto International Film Festival who premiered Village Rockstars and believed in us,” the filmmaker added.
Village Rockstars is now streaming on Netflix.


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Hearing the case pertaining to increasing use of drugs and smuggling of narcotics substance from Pakistan, the Punjab and Haryana High Court came down heavily on center government raising questions on government’s seriousness in checking the smuggling of narcotics. Meanwhile former Punjab DGP Shashikant related the Pathankot incident with drug mafia.
During the resumed hearing of the case before bench headed by Justice Surya Kant on Wednesday, the center government failed to file any response on various issues raised during the previous hearing of the case. These included concern raised by BSF that it was not fully equipped to handle the smuggling of drugs. Even no counsel to represent center government appeared before the bench. Taking a serious view, the bench made it clear that government should take the issue seriously else bench could start contempt proceedings against the concerned officials.
The bench directed the center government that it should immediately provide necessary equipments to BSF to check cross border smuggling of drugs.
The bench has also directed center government to furnish report providing details of action taken to nab the drug smuggler living abroad.
Meanwhile former DGP Shashikant informed the bench that the terrorists involved in recent Pathankot attack entered the country using the way that is being used by drug mafia for smuggling the drugs to India in large quantities. Shashikant said that he had been stating that terrorists are now using means of narco terrorism in the country.
Advocate Navkiran Singh suggested that those recapturing in drug de-addiction centers could provide vital leads about the people involved in drug peddling. Some people were ready to provide information in this regard, he said.
Punjab Advocate General said that state government was serious to handle the menace. For this purpose, the government had planned to involve some NGO to identify the drug dealers. This project would be started as pilot project in one district and if successful, it would be implemented in other districts as well.
The bench observed that there could be some people who wanted to provide some information but were not coming out due to fear. A helpline could be started for such people.
The bench also directed Haryana, Chandigarh and Punjab governments to incorporate a subject in school syllabus to provide information about ill effects of drugs.

domain: law


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In order to sustain life, the body has two complementary nervous systems: the sympathetic (arousing) and the parasympathetic (calming). Both are needed not only for psychological balance but for survival. Without a parasympathetic modification, the heart would beat too quickly to sustain life.
Ideally there is a smooth balance between the two, a gentle collaboration. The sympathetic is dominant in exertion, exercise, athletics, emotional and sexual arousal, as well as in stressful situations. The parasympathetic takes over in relaxation, sleep, meditation, massage, gentle touch, connecting deeply with another person and nurturing—both the nurturer and the nurtured.
When stress is very great, the sympathetic system automatically goes to a fight or flight response. This is built into the system. It can happen in response to external threat or the perception of threat. Either fighting or fleeing can resolve the stress. If neither is possible or successful, the sympathetic arousal can get so extreme that it is too much for the body to handle.
At this point, we have a failsafe survival mechanism. The parasympathetic system spikes. It comes in so strongly that it overwhelms the sympathetic arousal and sends the person into a state of freeze. This can be full collapse, dissociation, or a more partial freeze such as an inability to think clearly or access words or emotions, or to move parts of the body. This can be momentary, short term—such as a possum freezing and becoming reanimated after the predator leaves, or, in humans, it can continue indefinitely.
Stephen Porges has focused his attention on the vagus nerve, one of the largest nerves in the body and a major part of the parasympathetic system. The vagus has two branches: dorsal (back) and ventral (front). The dorsal vagus is a large, primitive nerve that is common to all animals, including fish. It goes down the spine and has a role in controlling our lungs, hearts (moderating heartbeats so they don't get too rapid) and stomach (where it actually aids digestion). It is prominent in sleep and relaxation. Normally, the dorsal vagus serves a very positive function. It helps the body gently pendulate between arousal and relaxation. However, when the sympathetic system is too aroused, the dorsal vagus nerve can shut down the entire system and we go into freeze. This is most common in trauma and in shame, which is developmental trauma.
The ventral or front vagus nerve goes directly to the muscles of the face and helps determine expression and is active in social engagement. When the ventral vagal nerve is active we seek and initiate social contact. Social engagement for mammals is a way of activating the parasympathetic system.Ventral vagal social engagement—or attachment behavior—is a way to prevent and come out of dorsal vagal shutdown.
Understanding this theory can help unlock the symptoms of PTSD and other traumatic responses. One of the most painful outcomes of PTSD is the experience of a lack of control that can occur when you feel trapped by feelings of anxiety, panic, overwhelm, or despair. The Polyvagal theory describes how our autonomic nervous system is influenced by the central nervous system and it offers a valuable framework for understanding and effectively responding to the intense emotional and physiological symptoms of PTSD.CONNECT TODAY

domain: biology


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Though he's "trying to be retired," the beloved poster artist Drew Struzan is still adored by fans – and so it would seem, filmmakers too. I've always had a soft spot for his posters – and there's no prizes for guessing my favourite.
There's some potentially exciting news for those who particularly like his Star Wars work, too. Speaking in an interview with Fanhattan, Struzan has said that Disney have recently reached out to him about some new Star Wars posters:
Oh, well, never say never… in fact, I got a couple calls already this week on Star Wars from Disney… You know, I spent 35 years painting Star Wars. I painted Star Wars before most of you were born! But I guess there is always a chance. There's no intention.
At the moment, I'm thinking Struzan is the only person in the world who isn't 100% sure it should be his signature on the posters for the new Star Wars trilogy – if, in fact, this is what the call was about. It could be posters for anything Star Wars related, in truth, and we are some way out on the movie.
Or perhaps Struzan was just being coy about his potential involvement. The new interview is on the occasion of a poster he's painted for Being Human. Surely the allure of Star Wars is at least that strong, even if Sam Witwer is one his buddies? I'm sure the budget is a lot bigger too, and where there are grandchildren, there are college fees…
The whole interview is pretty sweet so fans of Struzan, or even Witwer, would be well advised to read it all. And here's the new Being Human poster. I'm sure Toby Whithouse is feeling pretty bloody jealous right now.

domain: hobby


Welcome to another exciting episode of Tenther Radio! Episode #67 comes firing out of the gate like a Nolan Ryan fastball. Skipper Michael Boldin is joined by All-Star MVP Lesley Swann.
Over on First Base, Michael and Lesley discuss the latest news while Michael was throwing weed (seeds?) around the baseball diamond. New items discussed were: Polls showing Colorado public is supporting Marijuana Legalization, Michigan standing up against the NDAA, Raw Milk Farmer acquitted through jury nullification.
Lesley finished the segment by saying, “This is a huge country. One of the reasons why America worked for a long time because it was so decentralized…Large geographically countries that have central planning government don’t work because it is physically impossible.”
Stand by over on second base, Joe Wolverton was the show’s guest. He shared with us his latest insights of two recent articles he wrote. Michael asked Joe to explain what Tapwire is, and he answered, “…this company created a software called Trapwire. This software enables the end user whoever that happens to be to obtain from traffic cameras and stop light cameras and persons using those video feeds to monitor.”
When asked about how far the government has gone to be able to track us, Joe responded, “I literally could spend every day chronicling the ways that the federal government now has under surveillance. Trapwire, DHS, TSA all having the capability to remotely activate apps on your smart phone that will turn your smart phone into a roving microphone. The invisible laser that can make a genetic map of your code.”


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Learn how to open all the Elite Chests in New World’s new zone, the Elysian Wilds, in our Signets of the Beast Lords Guide.
General Signets Locations
|North Everfall to the East of Daughterwell
|Eeriedune’s Graveyard (Great Cleave)
|Rage of the Mammoth Soul Trial (North Elysian Wilds)
|Kurok’s Anchorage (Elysian Wilds)
The First Signet is an Easy one. Head to the Fast Travel in Everfall just south of Daughterwell. Head directly East of Daughterwell towards the horseshoe-shaped mountain range. Head into the cave on the side of the mountain and inside you’ll find Takhi’s Signet.
Fenrir’s Signet will take a little bit longer to get to but is still easy to go pick up. Head to Eeriedune’s Graveyard in southwest Great Cleave. Head to the Southwest of Eeriedune Shrine and you should see Fenrir’s Signet on the edge of the large Cresent Shaped ridge.
For Kurok’s Signets, head over to the Kurok’s Anchorage and jump down to the water’s edge to the South. Once below, Look around for a cave entrance and head in. Inside, you will see a pathway up to the right. Look under the Bridge to the left and you should see Kurok’s Signet.
The Mahantarm’s Signet (4) is pretty straightforward. Continue on along the MSQ for the Elysian Wilds until you get “Rage of the Mammoth”. This will lead you into the Rage of the Mammoth Soul Trial. Once you defeat the boss, the sigil will be on the outer part of the Arena.
Head to the Shrine of the Lion in the Elysian Wilds, just north of the Shirzad’s Pride. Head directly down the stairs on the shrine towards the path of the mountain. The path will wind to the NW and up around the mountain. At the top of the mountain, look towards the right and you will eventually find Shirzad’s Signet.
Signets of the Beast Lords Guide Conclusion
Go Forth and Loot the Elysian Wilds! For more New World Guides, Make sure to check out our New World home page!

domain: geography


Traditional approaches to environmental management assume social-ecological systems (SESs) can be managed or controlled optimally and respond linearly and predictably. Yet this approach has repeatedly resulted in persistent environmental policy failure and/or resource management failure because the importance of maintaining overall system resilience has not been recognised. Resilience thinking and environmental complexity are theories which can inform better environmental management but are not commonly utilised in practice. The application of these theoretical approaches is a new and emerging field, both in Australia and internationally. This course will build students expertise so that they are able to apply resilience thinking and complexity theory through a simulated work place setting. It will give students the skills which are topical, relevant and in-demand in the Australian and international workforce. Students will be supported to learn how to apply new skills to a system case study.
- Trimester 1 - 2020
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:
1. Critically evaluate key components of resilience, environmental complexity and systems thinking.
2. Apply resilience, environmental complexity and systems thinking to analyse a real world case study.
3. Make policy recommendations for the management of a read world case study.
4. Appropriately communicate the findings of their analysis and management to a non-specialist audience
5. Work individually and as an integral part of a team.
Topics will include:
- stakeholder analysis,
- conceputal systems thinking,
- scenario planning,
- governance, and
- policy robustness.
ENVS6530 or ENVS6525
Project: Group research project
Project: Individual research communication project
Journal: Reflective journal
Online 10 hour(s) per Week for Full Term


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Actor Sonu Sood has become the most talked celebrity of B-town. Many celebrities have cherished his work for sending stranded migrants to their homes amid lockdown. Actor Shilpa Shetty Kundra feeling proud of Sonu Sood penned down few lines for his whopping work. The ‘Dhadkan’ actor took to her Instagram handle and expressed her gratitude for him.
Shilpa along with the quotes shared the image of Sonu waving hands to the migrants, she wrote, “A superhero has been working tirelessly from the frontlines to ensure our fellow citizens in need reach their homes safely. This is a beautiful, humbling & selfless gesture that has eased thousands of lives at a time when there’s so much pain & suffering. The example you’ve set speaks the volumes of the kind of person you are & will be remembered by generations to come. So proud of you Sonu!”
Shilpa along with the quotes captioned her post, “Extremely proud of you, @sonusood #leadbyexample #gratitude #hero #help”
Meanwhile, on the work front, Shilpa will be seen in ’Hungama 2’. It is a comedy film directed by Priyadarshan and jointly produced by Ratan Jain, Ganesh Jain, Chetan Jain, and Armaan Ventures. A spiritual successor to the 2003 film ‘Hungama’. The film also stars Paresh Rawal, Meezaan Jaffrey, and Pranitha Subhash. ‘Hungama 2’ marks the comeback of director Priyadarshan to Bollywood films after seven years. The principal photography commenced on 8 January 2020 in Mumbai.

domain: artistic


The new Type 26 ‘Global Combat Ship’ designed and built by BAE Systems is the new class selected for the replacement of eight anti-submarine frigates of the Duke class currently in service with the Royal Navy. Unlike previous designs that were exclusive to the Royal Navy, the designer is offering the vessel to international partners and local build and support. One of the prospects in Australia, where the Global Combat Ship is proposed for the future frigate, under Project SEA5000 phase I.
The ships with a displacement of 6,900 tons will be equipped with a vertical launch missile silo, part of the Sea Ceptor air and missile defense system, and 5-inch main gun – both of which offer improved capabilities and the potential for further development throughout the ships life. The ship’s flexible mission bay provides space, power and cooling for additional mission systems and work space. The ship is powered by a single gas turbine that develops a maximum speed of 26 knots. Two electric motors fed by and four high-speed diesel generators that deliver electricity for the ship’s system are used for continuous operation, extending the ship’s range in excess of 7,000 nautical miles.
The bay will be able to house and deploy additional boats, unmanned vehicles (aerial, surface or underwater), or store standard ISO containers, allowing the ship to adapt to changing missions, ranging from disaster relief and humanitarian aid operations to embarking military forces or supporting diving operations. It’s large flight deck is able to accommodate helicopters up to the size of the RAF’s Chinooks.
The ship uses the combat management System (CMS), a derivative of the common CMS already supporting the Type 45 destroyers. Development of the weapon systems is underway. The vessel will integrate a Thales Artisan Type 997 3D medium range surveillance radar, Sonar 2087, Sea Ceptor anti-air missile system and new 5″ gun system. MBDA is at work under a £400 million contract to integrate the Sea Ceptor air defense system on Type 26 and -23 frigates, as well as the land based variant. Sea Ceptor uses the Common Anti-air Modular Missile (CAMM) to provide a common interceptor for the Royal Navy ships and ground-based air defense (GBAD) for the land force.
As part of the Sea Ceptor weapon system, CAMM will defend against all air threats, including aircraft and anti-ship cruise missiles, and other highly sophisticated threats. The new system will replace the Sea Wolf and Artisan 997 radar on the remaining Type 23 frigates, three of the vessels are currently being refitted with the system, to allow sea trials this year. The first Type 26 frigate will receive the new missile as they are inducted into service in the mid-2020s.
The new frigate will also get a larger gun, the 5-inch, 62-caliber Mk 45 Mod 4 Naval Gun System. As part of the vessels’ Maritime Indirect Fires System (MIFS), the system includes the autonomous gun turret, an automated ammunition handling system and gun fire control. BAE Systems will deliver the three guns for the first three frigates in 2020.


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"Pom Phet ( The Phet Fortress)" Ayuthaya Things to Do Tip by Designerartgirl
Ayuthaya Things to Do: 471 reviews and 1,082 photos
There isnt much to look at here but its what used to guard Ayutthaya from invaders via boat. Originally built of wood this fortress guarded the city for hundreds of years. It was later rebuilt using brick and cement. It was also a haven for boats to drop anchors who came for trading purposes.
Address: Ayutthaya - North of Bangkok
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domain: travel


ECOPETROL SA (Stock Symbol: EC)
EC- Stock Profile
|Company Name:||ECOPETROL SA|
|Stock Ticker (Symbol):||EC|
|Traded Exchange:||New York Stock Exchange|
|Average Traded Price:||$46.39|
|Average Daily Traded Volume:||543,900|
|Started to Trade on:||Thursday, September 18, 2008|
ECOPETROL SA Profile
Ecopetrol S.A. operates as an integrated oil company in Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and the U.S. Gulf Coast. The company engages in the exploration, development, and production of crude oil and natural gas. As of December 31, 2010, its proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas consisted of 1,714.0 million barrels of oil equivalent. The company also transports crude oil, motor fuels, fuel oil, and other refined products, as well as mixture of diesel and palm oil. It owns transportation network consisting of 3,003 kilometers of crude oil pipeline directly, as well as an additional 2,178 kilometers of crude oil pipeline with its business partners; and 3,017 kilometers of multi-purpose pipelines for transportation of refined products from refinery to wholesale distribution points. As of the above date, Ecopetrol S.A. owned 58 stations with a nominal storage capacity of 19 million barrels of crude oil and 6 million barrels of refined products. In addition, the company owns and operates refineries that produce a range of refined products, including gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, aviation fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, sulfur, heavy fuel oils, motor fuels, and petrochemicals, including paraffin waxes, lube base oils, low-density polyethylene, aromatics, asphalts, alkylates, cyclohexane and aliphatic solvents, and refinery grade propylene, as well as provides industrial services to third parties. Further, it markets various refined and feed stock products, including regular and high octane gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, natural gas, and petrochemical products. The company was formerly known as Empresa Colombiana de Petroleos and changed its name to Ecopetrol S.A. in June 2003. Ecopetrol S.A. was founded in 1948 and is based in Bogota, Colombia.
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Written by Diana Licalzi, MS, RD, CDCES
Protein is a fundamental part of our diet. Not only do we need protein to ensure that we get enough of it, but it’s also important to keep our protein, carbohydrates, and fat consumption properly balanced.
The recommended protein and carbohydrate intake is the same for people with diabetes as it is for those without it. U.S. Dietary Guidelines suggest that between 10 and 35% of our calories come from protein, preferably closer to the upper end of that range. That means if you follow a 2,000-calorie diet, you should consume about 50-175 grams of protein per day, depending on your personal needs and characteristics.
Protein shakes, which typically contain approximately 20 grams of protein, offer a convenient and effective way to supplement our daily intake.
Are protein powders safe for people with type 2 diabetes?
Proteins, because they digest more slowly than carbs, are less likely to cause a spike in glucose. If you are having difficulty consuming the recommended level of protein, then a protein powder drink may be a helpful supplement. And if you’re a person with diabetes, on the move, and in need of a quick nosh, many on-the-go snack bars tend to be high in carbohydrates and added sugars that may cause a surge in your blood sugar level. In such situations, a protein powder drink is a far better alternative.
But protein shakes shouldn’t be used as a meal replacement, nor should they be used to replace food intake as your primary source of protein, otherwise, you will miss out on the nutritional benefits of whole foods.
Which protein powder should I place in my shopping cart?
Not all protein powders are created equal.
There are literally hundreds of protein powders on the market. So how does one choose? As a general rule, we recommend choosing plant-based protein sources over animal-based sources, natural sweeteners instead of added sugars or artificial sweeteners, and the fewer artificial flavorings and other additives, the better.
To avoid you having to buy and try dozens of these products, we listed below our seven favorites. As you might expect, they are plant-based, naturally sweetened, and contain minimal other ingredients. Each has a distinctive taste, however, so choose the one whose flavor suits you best.
Calories per serving, serving size, protein per serving, and dietary fiber per serving are about the same for each product. All are non-GMO, plant-based, dairy-free, and they all taste good. But there are differences, and we have categorized them by their most prominent characteristic.
Simplest Protein: Naked Pea & Hemp Yeah! (Tie)
The unflavored version of Naked Pea Protein has only one ingredient, Yellow Pea Protein; nothing else. You will need to add fruits, dates, monkfruit, or stevia if you wish to have a sweetened taste. Chocolate and Vanilla flavors are offered, but they include coconut sugar. Pea protein is easily absorbed by the body, making it a better alternative than other protein sources. Each serving size delivers 27 grams of complete protein. It is very attractively priced at $.03 per gram of protein and comes in a 5lb tub for $57.99.
Hemp Yeah has only 2 ingredients, Organic Hemp Protein and Natural Oregano extract. No sweeteners, so you will have to add them to your taste.
Best Bang for Your Buck: Naked Pea & Orgain (Tie)
Orgain at $.05 per gram of protein is the cheapest flavored protein on our list, but slightly more costly than the unflavored Naked Pea. In addition, Naked Pea is only offered in a 5lb tub, while Orgain is available in a much more manageable 2lb size. Orgain has three sources of protein, contains sunflower oil, and is sweetened with Stevia and Erythritol, both of which are safe for people with diabetes as they have no impact on blood glucose or insulin levels.
30% off with code REVERSING30
Orgain Protein Powder
Best Tasting: Truvani
Truvani contains only 6 ingredients. Its protein sources are Organic Pea, Chia, and Pumpkin Seed protein, and it is sweetened with monk fruit extract. It has a pleasing sweetness with no aftertaste but at $.15 per gram of protein, it is on the expensive side.
Unique Formulation: Garden of Life
Garden of Life contains several ingredients and many sources of protein. Sweetened with Stevia and Erythritol, it has a pleasant taste and is very reasonably priced at $.09 per gram of protein. What makes it unique from the other powders is the inclusion of live probiotics and enzymes in its formulation.
The Best of the Rest: Sun Warrior
Sun Warrior also has several sources of proteins and some gums added for product enhancement. Sweetened with Stevia, packed with amino acids, tasty but also the most expensive powder on our list at $.18 per gram of protein. Nevertheless, it is a healthful, plant-based protein powder.
Let your taste buds and wallet decide
For people with diabetes, the two important considerations in using a protein powder are choosing one that doesn’t contain any saturated fats or any added sugar. Our list of seven above has taken care of this for you, so choose the one that best fits your budget. Taste, in most foods, is a personal matter and this is no different for protein powders. So, if you try one and are not happy with the flavor, sample another one on the list until you find the one that suits your taste buds the best.
Do you have a protein powder that you really enjoy that didn't make this list? Let us know about it in the comments below!
Leave a Comment

domain: food


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Knoxville Bicycle Company is owned by Myron Price. His story is like a lot of ours. His first bike was a 1967 Schwinn Girls Purple Stingray with a purple glitter banana seat when he was eight years old. As a poor kid in Orlando, the bike was an incredible gift given to him by a neighbor. He rode the bike everywhere and, at the age of nine, started what would become the genesis of Knoxville Bicycle Company when he took apart the bike only to put it back together.
As the story goes, he says there were piles and piles of frames and parts all over his front yard. Irritated but supportive, Myron’s dad never made him clean up the mess or get rid of it all. This began Myron’s love and passion to see how bikes worked, learn how to fix them, and ride them everywhere.
That’s why Knoxville Bicycle Company exists: to help breed that passion in kids, to fix bikes for those who need it, and to help Knoxville ride their bikes everywhere.


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Below are some organizations to explore, connect, join, donate and volunteer.
The mission of Americans for Safe Access (ASA) is to ensure safe and legal access to cannabis (marijuana) for therapeutic use and research.
ASA was founded in 2002, by medical cannabis patient Steph Sherer, as a vehicle for patients to advocate for the acceptance of cannabis as medicine. With over 150,000 active supporters in all 50 states, ASA is the largest national member-based organization of patients, medical professionals, scientists and concerned citizens promoting safe and legal access to cannabis for therapeutic use and research. ASA works to overcome political, social and legal barriers by creating policies that improve access to medical cannabis for patients and researchers through legislation, education, litigation, research, grassroots empowerment, advocacy and services for patients, governments, medical professionals, and medical cannabis providers.
Ensuring safe and legal access to cannabis means:
NORML supports the adoption of a legally controlled market for marijuana, where consumers can buy marijuana for personal use from a safe legal source. This policy, generally known as legalization has been adopted (either in part or in full) in a number of US jurisdictions: Alaska, California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington. At present, Washington state does not permit personal home cultivation, and Vermont and the District of Columbia do not permit retail sales.
In jurisdictions where legalization is not yet achievable, NORML also supports the immediate removal of all criminal penalties for the private possession and responsible use of marijuana by adults, including cultivation for personal use, and casual nonprofit transfers of small amounts. This policy, known as decriminalization, removes the consumer — the marijuana smoker — from the criminal justice system, but still maintains civil penalties/fines.
Enforcing marijuana prohibition results in the arrest of more than 600,000 individuals per year, predominantly people of color and young people. This annual total is far more than the total number of arrestees for all violent crimes combined, including murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault.
The Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) is the number one organization in the U.S. legalizing cannabis. We passed 13 medical cannabis laws in the past 15 years, and we ran winning campaigns in eight of the 11 legalization states. No organization in the movement has changed as many cannabis laws, impacted as many patients and consumers, created as many new markets, or done more to end cannabis prohibition in the U.S. than MPP.
It's time for a new approach, and MPP is leading the way. MPP — including its staff, strategic partners, and supporters — is working toward the day when cannabis is legalized for adults and patients across the U.S. While there are many organizations that agree with that ultimate goal, what sets MPP apart is our approach and our track record. Since our founding in 1995, we've been making real progress in reforming U.S. marijuana laws by:
The National Cannabis Industry Association was founded in 2010 since our inception, NCIA has dedicated itself to promote the growth of a responsible and legitimate cannabis industry and work for a favorable social, economic, and legal environment for that industry in the United States. Our founders established NCIA based on the principle of power in numbers. The thousands of American businesses involved in the state-legal cannabis industries represent a tremendous economic force in this country. As the industry’s national trade association, NCIA works every day to ensure our growing business sector is represented in a professional and coordinated way on the national stage.
The Last Prisoner Project is a nonprofit organization dedicated to cannabis criminal justice reform. LPP was founded in 2019 out of the belief that if anyone is able to profit and build wealth in the legal cannabis industry, those individuals must also work to release and rebuild the lives of those who have suffered from cannabis criminalization. As the United States moves away from the criminalization of cannabis, giving rise to a major new industry, there remains the fundamental injustice inflicted upon those who have suffered criminal convictions and the consequences of those convictions.
At the Last Prisoner Project we utilize a three-pronged approach to securing FULL freedom for the communities we serve. Through intervention, advocacy, and awareness campaigns the Last Prisoner Project works to redress the past and continuing harms of these unjust laws and policies.
The Detroit Cannabis Project is run by folks associated with Calyxeum and Lantern, and facilitated by some of the cannabis industry’s finest. Collectively, we have over 100 years experience in regulated product sales across Michigan and beyond. We’re excited to help you start your business.

domain: sociology


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Viewpoint: A different Parkland story
A different Parkland story
- Staff Dallas Business Journal
Parkland Hospital System has been under critical light recently on several fronts, including the intersection of patient treatment and student-physician training. The system has tried assuring patients and the community that any deficiencies uncovered in a 2008 case that was recently reviewed by federal regulators have been addressed. How those assurances are received is yet to be seen.
In another area of medical treatment, Parkland appears to be making significant strides and setting ground for other health care providers.
According to Dr. Ruben Amarasingham, the system has cut hospital readmissions of heart failure patients by about 25 percent through an automated model they are preparing to share with other providers. (Story, P1.)
Amarasingham is director of Parkland’s Center for Clinical Innovation, which developed the predictive model using data extracted from the hospital system’s electronic health records.
Amarasingham says the model helps by identifying patients who need the closest attention and the most attention at discharge.
“This helps us determine what’s the best application of (limited) resources,” he said.
Patrick Dunn, director of clinical development for health care consultancy HealthCall LLC, says the system saves an average of $5,000 to $6,000 for every heart-failure admission that can be prevented. That will add up for Parkland and others that use its system or develop their own.
The savings multiple when employees are able to return to their productive work and consumer lives. The multiple increases even more when once-unhealthy employees rack up fewer sick days out of work and present less of a liability for employer-paid health insurance policies.
As the county hospital for Dallas and a teaching facility, Parkland faces tremendous demands on its resources. There is no arguing that the system cannot always provide better and more transparent service. While it works to constantly improve, Parkland can point to its lowered readmission rate for heart-failure patients as as step in the right direction.
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Bandeirante Rasthor H7 v 1.0 FS22
Rasthor H7 is a device specially developed to carry out the soil decompaction, from the surface to the deepest layers.Excellence in dynamometry, great results in the process decompaction and root productivity.
– Working width 4.2 meters
– Working speed 10 km/h
– Price 39500 $