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Singlet biradicaloids are certainly one of the most frequently discussed topics at ISNA-15. In this review our own work on the synthesis, molecular structures, and physical properties relevant to biradical character of indenofluorene isomers are described. These include indeno[2,1-a]fluorene with an o-quinodimethane substructure, benz[c]indeno[2,1-a]fluorene which is the first 2,3-naphthoquinodimethane derivative isolated, and indeno[2,1-b]fluorene with an m-quinodimethane (m-xylylene) subunit. The observed physical properties are explained in terms of the theoretically derived biradical factors (y), HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, and singlet-triplet energy gaps in the ground state electronic configurations. In addition, we discuss here two perspectives in the biradicaloid chemistry, (i) two- and three-dimensional indenofluorene congeners arranged in a macrocyclic form and (ii) macrocyclic indenofluorenes having multiple radical characters.
The chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has long history since the late 19th century when artificial dyes were synthesized and manufactured. It has once a climax in the 1950s through 70s in conjunction with the development of theoretical aspects of aromaticity. Numerous aromatic compounds including benzenoid PAHs and annulenes were synthesized during this period. Once again, it has been attracting tremendous interest during the last few decades because aromatic compounds have been recognized to have potential applications to organic electronic materials such as field effect transistors (FETs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic photo voltaics (OPVs) . This resurgence is supported by the concurrent advancement in synthetic methods, analytical tools, and theoretical understanding. Among the numerous polycyclic structures that emerged in recent years, singlet biradialoids constitute a unique class of compounds due to their potentially open-shell characters which endow them with characteristic physical properties such as small HOMO-LUMO gaps and nonlinear optical responses. In every ISNA symposium, there are focused themes of the time, and the chemistry of biradicaloids was apparently the timely theme at ISNA-15 as indicated by at least six oral presentations related to this topic delivered in the symposium.
Most of the biradicaloid molecules are characterized by the presence of quinodimethane substructures of three types, p-quinodimethane (p-QDM), o-quinodimethane (o-QDM), or m-quinodimethane (m-QDM, or better described as m-xylylene), of which the non-Kekulé open-shell canonical resonance structure indicates the presence of biradical character in the ground state electronic configuration as shown in Scheme 1. Some prototypical p-QDM type biradicaloid compounds such as Thiele’s hydrocarbon  and Chichibabin’s hydrocarbon  have been known since the early 20th century. Moreover, highly reactive o-QDM derivative such as pleiadene (Fig. 1)  was already shown to have a singlet ground state with a low-lying partly doubly excited state more than four decades ago. Nevertheless recent studies on the synthesis of stabilized QDM derivatives and investigations on their physical properties widen remarkably the view of biradicaloid chemistry. More specifically, by extending the conjugation length or embedding the QDM structure to PAH frameworks biradical characters were modified or amplified with purpose. Another structural motif of biradicaloids is the zig-zag edge structure found in polyacenes. In 2004, Bendikov and co-workers reported, based on theoretical study, the increase of biradical characters with increasing number of six-membered ring in acenes . This work was followed by synthetic and theoretical investigations of biradicaloids possessing various molecular structures, such as diphenalenoindacene  and zethrene , including their higher congeners, and anthenes  to name a few (Fig. 1), leading to the today’s intense research activity in biradicaloid chemistry .
Indenofluorenes belong to a class of biradicaloid compounds comprising of fully conjugated array of 6-5-6-5-6-membered rings, similar to pentacene which has linearly fused five six-membered rings . However, because of the presence of the five-membered rings, indenofluorenes have the following characteristics: (i) Five structural isomers are possible depending on the fusion pattern at the central six-membered ring and at the five-membered ring as shown in Fig. 2. These are indeno[1,2-a]fluorene (1), indeno[1,2-b]fluorene (2a), indeno[2,1-a]fluorene (3a), indeno[2,1-b]fluorene (4a), and indeno[1,2-c]fluorene (5a). (ii) Because of the presence of five-membered rings, they belong to non-alternant hydrocarbons and therefore may exhibit unique optical properties arising from the unsymmetrical distribution between each HOMO and LUMO.
Since 1 and 4a have an m-QDM substructure, 2a and 5a a p-QDM substructure, and 3a an o-QDM substructure, the electronic and optical properties of the indenofluorene isomers should be different from each other. Though none of the parent compounds are known, derivatives of 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a are known. Only 1 is unknown even in a form of a derivative most probably because it is expected to have triplet ground state unlike others which are singlet in the ground states. For the p-QDM congeners, an air-sensitive tetraiodo derivative of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene (2a) was reported by Swager for the first time . Recently, stable derivatives such as 2b and 2c were synthesized and their properties were intensively studied by Haley  and Yamashita  independently with respect to their charge carrier mobility due to the relatively low bad gap. Similarly, derivatives such as 5b, which is expected to serve as electron accepting materials, of p-QDM congener 5a were reported by the group led by Haley . For the o-QDM congener 3a, while diphenyl derivative 3c was reported by Le Berre in 1957, its structure and physical properties were not investigated at that time when the modern analytical instruments were not available . Recently, we prepared stable dimesityl derivative 3b and investigated its molecularar structure and optical and electrochemical properties . In addition, highly air sensitive benzo homolog, benz[c]indeno[2,1-a]fluorene 6b with a half-life of only 77 min under air at room temperature, was isolated and its structure and unusual reactivity owing to the biradical character elucidated . Moreover, dimesityl derivative 4b of m-QDM congener 4a was synthesized and its structure and extraordinary optical property were unveiled . In this article, we review the results from our laboratories regarding indenofluorenes 3b and 6b both having an o-QDM substructure and 4b with an m-QDM unit and then discuss about some personal prospects in this field.
Compared to p-QDM congeners such as those listed in Figs. 1 and 2, synthesis and physical organic studies of o-QDMs have been much less done owing to their inherent high reactivity and the s-cis geometry of the exocyclic diene moiety which renders steric protection difficult. The scarce examples of o-QDMs include tetraphenyl derivative 7  and pleiadene , which have been detected in rigid glass matrices at low temperature, and a series of tetraaryl o-QDMs incorporated into a phenanthrene framework such as 8 , which were successfully isolated (Fig. 3). Though Le Berre reported the synthesis of 11,12-diphenylindenofluorene 3c, its molecular structure and detailed electronic structure have not been investigated . We initiated our research in the indenofluorene field inspired by an accidental finding of a dimeric product 14, which is most likely formed via an intermediate 13 having an indenofluorene backbone, obtained by treatment of octadehydrotribenz  annulene (12) with n-butyllithium (Scheme 2) . This finding prompted us to investigate molecular and electronic structure of stabilized dimesityl derivative of indeno[2,1-a]fluorene 3b as described below .
We noticed that 6a having additional benzene ring fused to 3a contained a 2,3-naphthoquinodimethane (NQDM) substructure. NQDM was known to be even more reactive than o-QDM and has never been isolated previously despite many attempts. The parent NQDM 9 and its bridged derivative 10 were only spectroscopically characterized in glass matrices at low temperatures (Fig. 3) . Sterically protected NQDM derivatives such as 11 were reported by Jones and co-workers to be persistent at room temperature for UV-vis measurement and were trapped by a dienophile . However, they were not isolated due to facile air oxidation. Given the stabilization effect observed in 3b, which was due to electronic and steric effects exerted by the indenofluorene framework and the mesityl groups, respectively, we thought it might be possible to isolate a 2,3-naphthoquinodimethane derivative such as 6b having an indenofluorene framework. This turned out indeed the case .
Though it has been well known that the triplet ground state of m-QDM (m-xylylene) itself lies well below the singlet ,the stabilization of the singlet state of indeno[2,1-b]fluorene (4a) relative to the triplet by full conjugation into the indenofluorene framework is expected. Indeed theoretical calculations suggest that the singlet state of 4a is more stable than the triplet by 10.3 kJ mol−1 as described below. Not only the small singlet-triplet (S-T) energy gap but also a large biradical character, a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap, and a small overlap between the HOMO-LUMO distributions suggest that 4a would be the most unique compound in the indenofluorene series. These considerations prompted us to synthesize and investigate mesityl derivative 4b as an intriguing object.
Compound 3b was synthesized as a purple solid through a modified method reported previously  as shown in Scheme 3. In contrast to 3c, it was found to be very stable in solid state and even in solution under ambient conditions.
X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that there are two crystallographically independent molecules (Molecule A and Molecule B). Except for the torsion angles of the s-cis diene moiety (1.7 ° for Molecule A, and 15.2 ° for Molecule B), there is little difference between the two molecules. The indenofluorene framework of 3b is almost planar and the two mesityl groups have a large dihedral angle of ca. 70 ° to the backbone. The mean bond lengths of the indenofluorene core are listed in Table 1 together with those of the known o-QDM 8  and 6b discussed in the next section. The structure of 3b shows a significant bond length alternation in the o-QDM unit: bonds a and c (1.391(2) and 1.359(3) Å, respectively) are short and thus have substantial double bond characters, whereas bonds b, d, and e (1.480(2), 1.431(3), and 1.454(2) Å, respectively) are longer than bonds a and c. However, bond a in 3b is significantly longer than a regular C(sp2)−C(sp2) double bond (1.349 Å) and that of the previously isolated o-QDM 8 (1.346(6) Å) , indicating the existence of biradical character in 3b (Scheme 4). Singlet biradical character (y) of 3a and o-QDM was calculated by the natural orbital occupation number (NOON) of LUMO with spin-unrestricted calculation . The broken-symmetry UHF/6-31G(d) calculations of 3a and o-QDM gave LUMO occupation numbers of 0.61 and 0.50, respectively. Using the Yamaguchi scheme , the indices for singlet biradical character of 3a and o-QDM were estimated to be 0.33 and 0.21, respectively. The spin density of 3a exhibits the largest distribution at the five-membered ring carbons as shown in Scheme 4, consistent with the resonance structures.
aBond positions are shown in Fig. 2. bMean value. cReference .
Theoretical calculations of 3a indicate a relatively small HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.25 eV. In accord with this, 3b showed low-energy absorption bands at 730 and 537 nm, from which the optical HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 3b was estimated to be ca. 1.70 eV. Form the cyclic voltammogram of 3b, which exhibited two reversible redox waves (Eox = +0.59 V, Ered = −1.51 V (V vs Fc/Fc+); Eredox = 2.10 V), the electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap was estimated to be 2.10 eV. Calculations also indicate weak anti-aromaticity of 3a: the NICS(1) values at the central benzene and the five membered rings are +2.12 and +4.28, respectively. In the 1H NMR spectrum of 3b, the chemical shifts of the indenofluorene core appeared at higher magnetic field than those of dihydroindenofluorene derivatives such as the precursor diol of 3b (Scheme 3), consistent with the NICS calculations. The S-T energy gap of 3b was estimated to be 56.7 kJ mol–1 at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The NMR spectra did not exhibit line broadening when heated up to 75 °C, a phenomena due to occupation of thermally excited triplet state as observed for compounds with large biradical characters [6, 7j, 8, 18], indicating that this system is best described as a closed-shell singlet species.
Compound 6b was synthesized in 8% yield as dark blue crystals by a method similar to that of the preparation of 3b as shown in Scheme 5. In contrast to 3b, however, 6b was found to be very sensitive to air. Its half-life in the dark, which was determined from the pseudo-first order decrease of the UV-vis absorption in CH2Cl2, was only 77 min. The product of the air oxidation was determined to be endoperoxide 16 whose structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography (Fig. 4). Despite such sensitivity, pure samples of 6b were obtained by recrystallization under an inert atmosphere. This represents the first example of a NQDM derivative isolated and fully characterized.
Theoretical calculations (geometry optimized by the UB3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory) for 6a indicate that it has larger singlet biradical character (y = 0.63) and smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap (1.66 eV) and S-T energy gap (31.2 kJ mol–1) compared to 3a. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 6b show that though the s-cis diene moiety of 6b is slightly distorted similar to Molecule B of 3b, the indenofluorene framework of 6b is almost planar. The bond lengths of the benzindenofluorene core indicate larger biradical character of 6b compared to that of 3b (Table 1). Namely, the bond distance of the exo-methylene bond a (1.403(2) Å) of 6b is longer than that of 3b (1.391(2) Å) as is for bond c (1.398(2) vs. 1.359(3) Å). On the other hand, bond b is shorter than that of 3b (1.468(2) vs. 1.480(2) Å). Another notable feature is the bond length alternation in the outer naphthalene ring of 6b in which bonds f (1.441(2) Å) and h (1.419(2) Å) are relatively long whereas bond g is short (1.363(3) Å). The observed bond length alternation is comparable to that of the bicyclo [2.1.1] pentene-fused naphthalene derivative which exhibits a remarkable bond alternation .
In accord with the theoretical calculations, 6b exhibited longer wavelength absorption compared to 3b with a maximum at 697 nm which extends to NIR region (ca. 1050 nm) in CH2Cl2. Similarly, in cyclic voltammetry, 6b showed Eredox of 1.60 V which was smaller than that of 3b (2.10 V), with reduction waves at –1.22 and –1.61 V and oxidation waves at +0.38, +0.77, and ca. +1.1 V (irreversible). Moreover, in the 1H NMR spectra, 6b exhibited reversible line broadening at high temperature (100 °C) due to occupation of thermally excited triplet state, being consistent with the calculated small S-T gap. All these features indicate that 6a is regarded as an open-shell singlet species.
One of the most intriguing observations for 6b was its unusual reactivity toward cycloaddition. As described above, a dioxygen molecule added to the inner naphthalene positions to give endoperoxide 16, despite the fact that the largest spin density and HOMO distribution are located at the exo-methylene carbons as shown in Scheme 6. This is due to effective steric protection of the exo-methylene carbons by the mesityl groups and the next largest location of spin density and HOMO distribution at the inner naphthalene carbons. Similarly, addition of dichlorodicyano-p-benzoquinone took place at the inner naphthalene carbons to give adduct 17 (Fig. 4). These results are different from those of indenofluorene 3c which was reported to react with dioxygen and maleic anhydride at the exo-methylene carbons, though the structures of the products were not concretely established . Moreover, heating 6b in toluene-d8 in a sealed tube at 80 °C resulted in the formation of [4+2] dimer 18 in quantitative yield (Fig. 4). X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that in 18 the new bonds were formed at the inner naphthalene (a 4π component) and the outer naphthalene carbons (a 2π component), as a consequence of the strong bond length alternation in the outer naphthalene ring of 6b. These results indicate that the resonance hybrid of 6a should include a canonical structure with radical centres located at the inner naphthalene carbons as described in Scheme 6.
Indeno[2,1-b]fluorene (4a) is expected to have a larger singlet biradical character than its isomers due to the m-QDM subunit. Indeed, the biradical character of 4a (y = 0.68) estimated by the Yamaguchi scheme is larger than that of 3a (y = 0.33).The spin density distribution for 4a shows that the five-membered ring carbons have the largest amplitudes (Scheme 7). These results indicate that 4a should be described as a resonance hybrid of the Kekulé and non-Kekulé biradical structures (Scheme 7).
We synthesized 4b which was obtained as a green solid in two steps as shown in Scheme 8. X-ray crystal structural analysis of 4b showed that the lengths for bonds a (1.437 Å) and b (1.431 Å) lie between the lengths of the C(sp2)−C(sp2) bond in benzene (1.39 Å) and the C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond in fluorene (1.468 Å). This observation indicates that 4b has a substantial contribution of the singlet biradical canonical structure to the ground-state electronic configuration.
Theoretical calculations (geometry optimized by the UB3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory) for 4a indicate that it has not only large singlet biradical character but also a HOMO-LUMO energy gap (1.23 eV) which is smaller than those of typical closed-shell hydrocarbons and a small S-T energy gap (10.3 kJ mol–1). In accord with these estimates, 4b showed in cyclic voltammetry Eredox of 1.26 V which was smaller than those of 3b (2.10 V) and 6b (1.60 V), with reduction waves at –1.13 and –2.03 V and oxidation waves at +0.13 and +0.90 V. Moreover, in the 1H NMR spectrum, 4b did not show signal at 30 °C because of occupation of the thermally excited triplet state. By cooling down to –93 °C, broad signals due to the aromatic protons appeared at 5.6–6.9 ppm. Moreover, a triplet species for 4b was observed by ESR spectroscopy, and the intensity of the ESR signal decreased with decreasing the temperature, indicating a singlet ground state in 4b. The singlet−triplet energy gap was experimentally estimated to be −17.6 kJ mol−1 using temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements, which is reasonable for the S-T energy gap theoretically estimated for 4a. The stabilization of the singlet state of 4b relative to the triplet by the indenofluorene framework should be contrasted to m-xylylene whose triplet ground state lies well below the singlet .
The most striking physical property of 4b was the existence of an unexpectedly low-energy light absorption despite its small conjugation space consisting of only 20 π electrons. The absorption spectrum for 4b in CH2Cl2 showed a strong absorption band at 638 nm and a weak absorption band at 850−2000 nm (Fig. 5). TD-DFT calculations [TD-UB3LYP/6-31G(d)] predict S0−S1 absorption at 1232 nm for 4a with a low oscillator strength (f = 0.018), being consistent with the experimental results. These results strongly suggest that the near-infrared band with a lowest-energy maximum at 1700 nm is from S0−S1 absorption in 4b. Theoretical investigations revealed that moderate amplitude of biradical character of 4b is critical for the extraordinary low-energy light absorption [M. Nakano, R. Kishi. private communication]. To demonstrate this theoretically, we compared the lowest-energy transitions of 4a with that of a hypothetical indenofluorene congener 19 having larger biradical characters (y = 0.79) and larger π conjugation spaces (Fig. 5) by TD-DFT calculations. As a result, the theoretical transition for 19 occurs at 985 nm, ca. 250 nm shorter than that of 4a. These results led us to conclude that a molecule with a smaller π conjugation space exhibits a lower-energy light absorption if it has a moderate biradical character.
As extension of the indenofluorene chemistry, we discuss here the following two systems as prospective objects: (i) indenofluorene congeners and their isomers arranged in a macrocyclic form with two five-membered rings. In this type of molecules, the two constituting biradicaloid componenets would either coordinate or conflict; (ii) indenofluorene congeners arranged in a macrocyclic form with more than two five-membered rings. This type of molecules have multiple radical characters.
Insertion of a fused benzene or a naphthalene ring to indeno[2,1-c]fluorene (5a) generates circulene-like two-dimensional macrocyclic structures 20 and 22 with a six- or a seven-membered ring in the center, respectively (Scheme 9). Additionally, their constitutional isomers 21 and 23 are generated by swapping the positions of one of five- and six-membered rings in 20 and 22, respectively.
First, we analyzed the spin distributions and electronic properties by drawing canonical structures of the hypothetical fragments constituting 20–23 on paper (Scheme 9). For example, we regard 20 as a hybrid of p-QDM and 3,6-dimethylenephenanthrene (24) sharing the methane carbons in the five-membered ring. For both componenets closed-shell Kekulé structures can be drawn, indicating both substructures have comparable stability. Consequently, the spin density may delocalize throughout the macrocyclic backbone. On the other hand, circulene analogs 22 is regarded as a hybrid of p-QDM and 2,11-dimethylenebenzo[c]phenanthrene (25). For the latter fragment only non-Kekulé structure can be drawn like m-QDM (m-xylylene). In such case, we expect the spin density will be localized on the p-QDM substructure to avoid an open-shell structure and therefore the electronic property may not be significantly different from that of p-QDM. Similarly, since another  circulene analog 23 can be regarded as a hybrid of open-shell 2,7-dimethylenenaphthalene (26) and closed-shell 24, the spin density must be localized on the latter part. Interestingly, since the last macrocycle 21 is constituted by two open-shell fragments 26, the spin density should be delocalized to the entire framework.
Theoretical calculations (geometries optimized by the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory) predict the biradical characters, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, and S-T energy gaps are different from each other as shown in Table 2. All parameters suggest 22 is most stable followed by 20 as predicted by the fragment analysis described above. The large biradical character and small S-T gap of 21 are attributed to the open-shell character of its fragment 26, whereas similar characteristics of 23 may be due to the open-shell character inherent in closed-shell 24. Spin density distributions shown in Fig. 6 are also different from each other. However, they qualitatively agree the predictions based on the fragment analysis. Namely, for 20 and 21 in which either two closed-shell structure or two open-shell structures coordinate, the spin distribute to the entire macrocyclic framework. Conversely, for 22 and 23 in which open- and closed-shell structures conflict, the spin distribution is localized to the closed-shell fragment.
|Compound||Biradical character (y)||HOMO-LUMO gap, eV||S-T gap,b kJ mol−1|
aGeometries optimized by the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. bCalculated by the UB3LYP/6-31G(d) level.
Moreover, the geometry optimization revealed that  circulene analogs 20 and 21 adopt non-planar geometries whereas  circulene analogs 22 and 23 are planar. Since bowl-shaped compounds such as corannulene  and sumanene  are known to exhibit interesting properties due to the three-dimensional molecular shape , bowl-shaped biradicaloids 20 and 21 may well be expected to show properties due to biradical character which is in conjunction with the three-dimensional geometry and the relevant molecular motions.
Naturally chemists extend the indenofluorene building block 2a to more elaborated structures such as linear quaterradicaloid 27 and sexiradicaloid 28 (Fig. 7). Another way of extension of π conjugation is to make a cycle to form tetracyclopentatetraphenylene (29a). Though Hellwinckel and Reiff reported in 1970 the generation of dicationic species of 29a from its tetrahydro derivative 30 in a mass spectral chamber , neither parent nor its derivative has been isolated. Theoretical calculations predict that it adopts a D4hsymmetric structure and will exhibit quaterradical character [M. Nakano, R. Kishi. private communication]. Because of the inner 8π- and outer 20π-electron circuits, it should exhibit strong anti-aromaticity. Recently we succeeded in the synthesis of tetramesityl derivative 29b and revealed its molecular structure and physical properties as reported at ISNA-15. We believe these results would advance the chemistry of biradicaloid aromatic hydrocarbons to the next step.
The authors are grateful to Professors Masayoshi Nakano and Dr. Ryohei Kishi (Osaka University) for the theoretical work, Professors Takeji Takui, Kazunobu Sato, and Daisuke Shiomi (Osaka City University) for the magnetic measurements, Professor Mikiji Miyata and Dr. Ichiro Hisaki (Osaka University) for their assistance in X-ray crystallography, Professors Takashi Kubo and Shinobu Ito (Osaka University) for electronic absorption spectroscopy, and Professor Benoît Champagne (Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix (FUNDP)) for the use of computers and the program for the theoretical calculations. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for scientific research which is gratefully acknowledged.
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©2014 by IUPAC & De Gruyter Berlin/Boston

domain: literature


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This past week researchers administered the first dose of a new HIV vaccine undergoing phase 1 clinical trials at the University of Oxford.
Since its discovery in the 1980s, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has claimed over 36 million lives. The virus targets one’s immune system resulting in a weakened defense against infections and cancers. Some people can develop fever, swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, bacterial infections, and cancers. Whereas others progress to the advanced stage called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although there is no cure for the disease, science has made quite progress in developing effective vaccines and experimental treatments for the disease. Now, researchers at the University of Oxford are conducting phase 1 clinical trials for a new HIV vaccine called HIVconsvX.
The Phase 1 trial, also called HIV-CORE 0052, aims to evaluate the vaccine’s effectiveness, safety, and how well the participants tolerate the side effects. The trial is being conducted as part of the European Aids Vaccine Initiative (EAVI2020). Researchers initially plan to administer the vaccine to 13 healthy, HIV-negative adults. Aged 18-65years, the volunteers will first receive one dose and then a booster dose four weeks later.
Targeting the ‘Achilles Heel’
Previously, HIV vaccines worked by inducing the body’s B-cells to produce antibodies targeting the virus. However, the HIVconsvX works by inducing the T-cells. These cells can obliterate the virus-infected cells. Researchers administer the vaccine and target these cells to the vulnerable regions of HIV; an area they called the ‘Achilles heel’ of the virus.
Current HIV prevention strategies focus on safe-sex practices, male circumcision, and the use of anti-retroviral drugs. However, the team at Oxford believes that an HIV vaccine remains the best solution for ending the AIDS epidemic. The researchers are now planning on conducting a similar trial in Africa, Europe, and the US.
Reference: University of Oxford

domain: biology


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Asian Health Services’ Community Healing Event
On Friday February 25, 2022, Asian Health Services (AHS) held a Community Healing Event at Madison Park in Oakland. It was a dual celebration in honor of the Year of the Tiger and Black History Month. The celebration included the Heiwa Taiko drummers & Ras Carlton from the Northwest Nyabinghi Drummers; poetry from Black Arts Movement Business District Community Development Corporation & Dr. Ayodele Nzinga, the City of Oakland’s inaugural Oakland Poet Laureate in 2021; free food from local vendors with Asian, Jamaican and Ethiopian roots; free COVID testing & vaccines; and more.
AHS held this event for the community to demonstrate support and to highlight the important services they offer to survivors of crime, hate or violence, including mental health resources, systems navigation support, and victim assistance funds.
You can learn more about AHS HERE.
Click through to view images from the event:

domain: news


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AUDITION NOTICE: The Winter’s Tale by William Shakespeare
Shakespeare ’70 will be holding open auditions for their June production of The Winter’s Tale at the Kelsey Theatre, on the campus at Mercer County Community College in West Windsor, NJ.
Performance dates are June 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, and 21, 2015. Friday and Saturday night performances are at 8:00 pm and Sunday afternoon performances are at 2:00pm.
ABOUT THE PLAY:
Tragic, romantic, hilarious, and uplifting, this genre-bending masterpiece is one of Shakespeare’s most elegant and haunting plays. This beautiful and magical classic celebrates redemption, reconciliation, and the mending of broken hearts. The story follows a young king in Sicilia and the family he shatters in his youth, and then follows his amazing tale to sixteen years later, including a countryside romance within the joyful fields of Bohemia. Princes and princesses, disguised identities, jealous kings, oracles, pickpockets, and one ravenous bear that has made Shakespearean history!
Company: Shakespeare ’70
Director/Producer: John F. Erath, Ph.D.
Assistant Director: Janet Quartarone
Stage Manager: Lili Daniel
Set Design and Tech Direction: Dale Simon
Tuesday, February 10, 2015 – 7:00-9:30 PM
Sunday, February 15, 2015 – 11:00 AM-2:00PM
Appointments are encouraged, but walk-ins will be seen on a time-available basis.
Auditions and callbacks will be held in the Communications (CM) building adjacent to Kelsey Theatre. For maps and directions, please visit www.kelseytheatre.net.
Questions or comments can be emailed to firstname.lastname@example.org.
ABOUT THE AUDITIONS:
Please prepare a 1-2 minute Shakespearean monologue. Sides are also available at the Facebook event page if preferred. Additional readings from the play may be provided at the time of your audition if needed.
The read through will be in mid to late April, and rehearsals will begin directly following. We will rehearse two to three nights a week and Sunday afternoons. Please let us know about ALL potential conflicts between April 10 and June 22, 2015.
All age ranges are flexible, and Shakespeare ’70 is interested in seeing all actors regardless of age or gender for future casting within the company.
Leontes – The King of Sicily, and the childhood friend of the Bohemian King Polixenes. *ROLE HAS BEEN PRECAST*
Hermione – The virtuous and beautiful Queen of Sicily. *ROLE HAS BEEN PRECAST*
Camillo – An honest Sicilian nobleman.
Paulina – A noblewoman of Sicily.
Antigonus – Paulina’s husband, and also a loyal friend of Hermione.
Dion – A lord of Sicily.
Cleomenes – A Sicilian lord.
Mamillius – The young prince of Sicily, Leontes and Hermione’s son.
Emilia – One of Hermione’s ladies-in-waiting.
Jailer – Charged with imprisoning Hermione.
Mariner – His ship takes Antigonus to Bohemia.
Polixenes – The King of Bohemia, and Leontes’s boyhood friend.
Florizel – Polixenes’s only son and heir.
Perdita – The daughter of Leontes and Hermione, unaware of her royal lineage.
Shepherd – An old and honorable sheep-tender.
Clown – or Young Shepherd, the Old Shepherd’s buffoonish son, and Perdita’s adopted brother.
Autolycus – A roguish peddler, vagabond, and pickpocket.
Mopsa – A shepherdess, in love with Young Shepherd.
Dorcas – A shepherdess, in love with Young Shepherd.
Archidamus – A lord of Bohemia, visiting Sicilia with his king.
Lords, servants, gentlemen, ladies in Sicilia
Shepherds, shepherdesses, servants in Bohemia
For more audition information, including the audition forms and sides, please CLICK HERE!

domain: artistic


I know in the past a few companies have been in trouble for inflating their horsepower numbers. Can the same also be said for under-reporting them?
In the very early days of passenger automobiles, auto makers in Great Britain often under-reported their horsepower numbers. That’s because car buyers had to pay a tax based on the car’s horsepower rating.
In the mid-late 60s, during the horsepower race among the Detroit Big Three, it is widely acknowledged that Chrysler under-reported the horsepower and torque of their 426 Hemi engines.
Even with under-reporting, the figures were very impressive, to say the least.
Rolls Royce typically does not give the power rating of their car engines other than saying it is “adequate”. This type of understatement actually is a selling point with that level of client.
Yes, The 03-04 Mustang Cobras were underrated from the factory, 1993-2002 GM F-Bodies cars with the LT1 and LS1 were also underated from the factory, the Nissan Titan is also underrated. I don’t think there’s any legal penalty for underrating horsepower figures though.
That was the case 20 years ago, but since VW and BMW bought them out they’ve been giving the HP/torque figures for their cars. Kinda takes away some of the mystique IMO. It used to be either be “adequate” or “exceptional” for their high performance variants.
My parents had a 1964 Series 62 Cadillac sedan. It had the Rocket 429 engine; rated at 375 HP by the factory. But it was generally thought to have more like 425 HP. It was astonishingly quick.
Is there any greater under-reported HP than the L88 Corvettes?
An argument can be made for the Ford 427 SOHC.
“I know in the past a few companies have been in trouble for inflating their horsepower numbers. Can the same also be said for under-reporting them?”
They have never “been in trouble” for doing either…They all do it all the time, if it suits their purpose…Insurance companies start adding surcharges when the horsepower to weight ratio gets radical…


Friday 25 october 2019
Header photo: Ecuadorian White-Fronted Capuchin © Third Millennium Alliance
The once vast forest area of Coastal Ecuador, which spans from the highly biodiverse Ecuadorian Chocó forests in the North to the coastal dry forests in the South has experienced more than 96% deforestation in the past few decades. This severe loss of forest habitat has brought species like the endemic Ecuadorian White-Fronted Capuchin to the brink of extinction. IUCN NL assisted its partner Third Millennium Alliance (TMA) with spatial analysis to identify the most viable option to reconnect isolated patches of forest in order to conserve this species.
Large-scale deforestation in the northern Manabí province of Ecuador has caused severe fragmentation of what was once a vast forest area. The isolated remnants of forest offer habitats of insufficient size for species to survive. This is driving species to the brink of extinction. The endemic Ecuadorian White-Fronted Capuchin (Cebus aequatorialis) is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
A wildlife migration corridor seemed like a good idea to reconnect the isolated patches of forest in order to increase the habitat of the White-Fronted Ecuadorian Capuchin and other species. Yet, partner organization TMA faced a lack of data (e.g. related to forest quality and remaining biodiversity) to determine the most viable interventions to save this and other species.
A wildlife migration corridor between the isolated patches of forest was needed to increase the habitat for the Critically Endangered White-Fronted Ecuadorian Capuchin. To identify the best location for this connective corridor, IUCN NL supported TMA in the use of satellite imagery to create a detailed land cover map.
This land cover map, combined with the local expertise from TMA and with dynamic parameters, such as ecological pressure factors, conservation priorities, deforestation risk and projected climate change, formed the basis for a predictive model to calculate the most suitable linear wildlife migration corridor in the Manabí province.
The study identified an area with the potential to create a 100-km long wildlife migration corridor. This corridor would reconnect the three principal reserves (mention) in the northern Manabí province.
The calculated corridor and land cover maps are now being used by TMA to strategize and plan their future conservation activities, including land purchase and reforestation activities aimed at protecting habitat and building connectivity for a diverse set of threatened species that live in the landscape, including the White-Fronted Ecuadorian Capuchin.
The insights gained from this study will also be used to inspire other local actors to improve their conservation strategies through GIS analysis.


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Been climbing trad seriously about 5 years but have been in going out into mountains since I was nowt but a lad! Grew up in Lakes so lots of fell walking and mountaineering.
Main interest is mountaineering and Scottish winter climbing, although I'm a bit of a grit monkey living so close to Peak :)
Lead up to VS. Second HVS. E1-E2 on good day if you don't mind me hanging around on your ropes a bit ;)
Best Climbing Experience
Chapelle de la Gliere! 400m, 10-ish Pitches of awesome climbing in glorious sunshine with Mont Blanc in background. :D
Favourite Climbing-Related Discussion Topic
Scottish winter conditions. Pffft!
Interests Outside Climbing
Most things mountain based! What youd expect from a Cumbrian really!
Click to view monkeyme2's gallery. (7 photos)
Click to search for photos of climbers called monkeyme2.
I've voted for 38 photos, average vote 4.9.
(89% superb - 10% good - 0% average - 0% poor - 0% rubbish)

domain: hobby


Microsoft Groups now runs natively on Apple silicon Macs, bringing sooner efficiency and decrease battery consumption for Apple’s M1 and M2 chipsets.
Table of Content
What’s occurring? Microsoft has introduced that it’s now rolling out a model of the desktop Groups app that runs natively on Apple silicone computer systems. The brand new model eliminates the necessity for Rosetta emulation when utilizing Groups.
Why care? In case you use the app and have an Apple silicon pc, you’ll take pleasure in a a lot sooner efficiency (particularly when interacting with a number of groups) with out sacrificing your battery life. Groups is amongst apps like Zoom that the world had relied on all through the COVID-19 pandemic, and continues to depend on for distant work. At the beginning of 2022, Groups had 270 million accounts.
What to do? When you’ve got an Intel-based Mac, proceed utilizing and updating your copy of Groups. The identical goes when you have an Apple silicon Mac as a result of Microsoft is routinely upgrading all macOS customers of the app. The rollout on Apple silicon Macs will take just a few months to finish so that you’ll have to arm your self with endurance (or attempt triggering a handbook obtain).
Microsoft Groups now runs natively on Apple silicon Macs
The improve had spent a number of months in improvement, and it’s now able to roll out. In response to Microsoft’s announcement, “a production-grade” model of Groups is now out there as a common obtain which can run natively on all the Mac lineup, together with computer systems powered by Apple silicon.
Methods to obtain Microsoft Groups
Microsoft supplies a single model of Groups for macOS that features code for each Intel and Apple silicon chips so that you don’t want to decide on the proper model to obtain. As talked about, Microsoft’s auto-updated mechanism will routinely replace your copy of Groups. Bringing the most recent replace to Apple silicone Macs will occur in levels, and is predicted to finish over the approaching months.
Microsoft is dedicated to innovation and dedicated to the Mac, so we’re excited to carry this to our Mac customers. All Mac customers can be routinely upgraded with their most up-to-date replace to Groups. The commonly out there (GA) model of the native Groups app on Mac with Apple silicon is being rolled out to clients in increments over the approaching months.
So, be affected person and verify again later in case you don’t have the brand new model but. Or attempt updating your copy of the Groups app manually by clicking the settings menu subsequent to your profile image within the top-right nook, then choose “Test for updates.”


It’s not often — I’d be willing to bet never — that “Arthur’s Theme (Best That You Can Do)” by Christopher Cross is selected as the opener for a live performance, but it was welcomed with cheers from an enthusiastic crowd in Ardmore on Thursday night. East Lancaster Avenue was Memory Lane for a few hours as Yacht Rock Revue took the stage of Ardmore Music Hall and ripped through a 27-song, two-set show of nostalgic tunes from yesteryear.
The seven-piece band formed in 2007 in Atlanta, born out of a variety act that was originally going to be called AM Gold (in honor of the 35-CD Time-Life music series of soft rock classics of the ’60s and ’70s released in the mid ’90s). Around that same time, an unrelated series of video shorts called “Yacht Rock,” which presented a fictionalized, comical look at the careers of some of those soft rock icons, was going viral and gaining popularity.
“Mark, our drummer, and I had always listened to these dentist office mixes, so we kind of referred to it as dentist office music,” said bassist Greg Lee. “Then somebody discovered the series, and we said ‘Yacht Rock — that’s a good name for it.'” It apparently was already a genre on iTunes at the time, as well. So, the group seized on the vibe and has been touring ever since.
Decked in vintage clothes, the band journeyed through a repertoire that spanned 18 years between 1968 and 1986 with many stops in between. Some of the more memorable covers included “Brandy” by Looking Glass, “Heart of Rock ‘n’ Roll” by Huey Lewis and ther News, Steely Dan favorites “Peg” and “Reelin’ In The Years,” “Baby Come Back” by Player, and “I’m Alright,” the theme from the film “Caddyshack” by Kenny Loggins.
Every tune sparked a memory for everyone in attendance, a crowd of mostly 40- and 50-somethings. “They invigorate my youth” said Cheryl Bosley, who traveled from the Baltimore area for the show. Having discovered the band on a whim while on a trip to Nashville and loving them, she was happy to make the trek. “I didn’t even know where Ardmore, PA was!” she said. “But I was coming.”
While trying to convince everyone seated during intermission to come dance during the second set, Bosley encouraged everyone to “explore your inner youth that you forgot about.”
Laura Tomkins traveled all the way from Atlanta for the show, having seen the band on numerous occasions there. Originally from the Philadelphia area, she timed her visit with some old friends to coincide with the performance. “This band is the best,” she said. “It’s like the best wedding reception you’ve ever been to: You know every word to every song. You dance and have a great time. I can’t say enough how much fun it is.”
While the dancing and reminiscing are great, one must not lose sight of the musicianship of the band. They can flat-out play — extremely well. I was blown away by how well they covered each song; every nuance, subtle background parts, and very challenging harmonies.
One person commented that he didn’t think some of those bands back then could have performed these songs better than this group. That is a huge reason why Jack Strong was in attendance, seeing them for the sixth time. Despite having recently turned 40, he doesn’t believe age has anything to do with the enjoyment of the group. “When I was 18 I would’ve been here. And when I’m 65 I’ll still be here. I just like good music,” he said.
Front man Nicholas Niespodziani agrees, and he loves the fact that the band is able to entertain a wide audience. “The coolest part of our job is that we make people happy for a living. Everywhere we go people are so happy to see us,” he said. “We’re bringing back these memories for older people and creating memories for younger people. Twenty-five-year-old girls are bonding with their moms and dads over this music. It’s really a pretty special thing that we get to experience on a nightly basis.”


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Pain in any part of the body is a natural indication that something wrong is happening with your body. Same is the case with the leg pain. You must not ignore this for any reason. It could be dull ache to excruciating depending upon the disturbances in the natural mechanisms.
According to one of the study in India, the prevalence of chronic leg pain is 28% leading to disability. More work and less rest is one of the major contributors for leg pain among people of India belonging to the labor community. On the other hand people enjoying sedentary lifestyle are not safe from this condition. Their inactive lifestyle results in the Peripheral Artery diseases (PAD), atherosclerosis and so on, the consequence of which is the leg pain.
Furthermore, if you belong from South Asian countries you’re more prone to diabetes and heart diseases, the foremost symptom of which is leg pain.
Another factor is the excessive pressure on the legs due to being overweight and obese that is more prevalent among the female gender as many women do not get the time to do regular exercise or walk daily.
Lack of water, poor diet deficient in vitamins, minerals (potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium etc.) and essential nutrients is very prevalent not only in women but also among adolescents in India that cause the symptoms of leg pain. A myriad of developmental changes occur during puberty, lack of access to the essential nutrition contributes to leg pain in the young age.
Leg Pain Causes
There are many causes of leg pain. However, only some of these are medically serious. Minor leg pain or discomfort will often disappear within a short time and can be eased or relieved with at-home treatments while severe leg pain needs medical treatment… Know More
Leg Pain Symptoms
You might complain that your leg pain is constant or intermittent in nature developing either suddenly or gradually. It may affect your whole leg or it may remain to a localized area… Know More
Leg Pain Precautions
It’s always better to take precautions in order to keep yourself away from any disease. To avoid leg pain you must.. Know More

domain: health


"I am pleased that the Memorial Tournament once again is drawing a wonderful field", Nicklaus said in a release.
Before The Memorial gets underway, Woods will play in the May 30 pro-am event with former National Football League quarterback Peyton Manning.
Tournament officials announced the pairing Wednesday.
Tiger Woods of the United States plays a shot on the 13th hole during the final round of THE PLAYERS Championship on the Stadium Course at TPC Sawgrass on May 13, 2018 in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida.
Woods has won the Columbus tournament five times in his career, his most recent victory in 2012.
Woods has secured four top-12 finishes, including a share of 11th at last week's Players Championship, in the eight events he has played since returning to the PGA Tour following spinal fusion surgery in April 2017.
Woods will likely skip the FedEx St. Jude Classic (he's never played in the Memphis tournament), which sites between the Memorial and U.S. Open. The 14-time Major champion last played the tournament in 2015. New world number one Justin Thomas joins Rory McIlroy, Dustin Johnson and Jason Day among those already committed to feature in an event that holds a special place on the PGA Tour as it is hosted by Hall of Famer Jack Nicklaus. Jason Dufner won it previous year.
"He's been very close, and having won five times at Muirfield Village, I wouldn't be surprised if he contended to win his sixth".
"This weekend was extremely positive", Woods said after the Players.
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Because of the dependence of our thermal emission behavior upon the wavelength of the thermal due to the dependence of our thermal emission behavior on the wavelength, only a few wavelength ranges are suitable for thermal measurements. The following figures reveal the range of thermal transmission of the most common thermal lenses as well as window substances for infrared thermometers. The blue-colored curve shows the general rule for all materials and represents the average value over an interval of temperature from zero (black) to infinity (green) which is known as the cold-pressure limit (CPL).
The cold-pressure limit, which is used for lenses and windows is the highest recorded value of a material’s damping ratio against the thermal gradient. This ratio is calculated as a function of the temperature variation across the angle of view for a specific viewing angle and the cte of the lens or window. The bending moment of an object is the change in the angle of incidence, which is linear or spherical. This results in the slope being proportional to this curve. The focal length of the system is also an important factor in the slope. It can be thought of as a function the focal length divided the period of the curve (i.e. the interval between shots).
For a given set of temperatures and a given focal length of a window or lens assembly, the internal surface temperature of the system will always be within the prescribed curve in an exact regularity, also known as a “curved surface.” For instance, the curve for the thermal conductance of a glass piece inside a glass vial that has an opening in it can be plotted as a function of the focal length and the temperature difference within the vial between the bottom of the bead and the surface of the vial, and the angle of incidence for a particular window assembly. If the aperture is fixed for all shots, then the space between the surface temperature of the system and the curve of variation for the particular window assembly must remain constant. If the aperture is adjustable and the curve is not fixed, then it could be curved because of the fluctuation in the temperature of the glass used to make the bead and the temperature of the ambient air that is on the inside surface of the vial and the focal length as well as the duration of shooting. A signature left by an artist on a flower is an example of a curving surface.
Mounting a lens and window should be done in a way that their focal points, and lines of sight, are in the correct direction. If the surface temperature of the system is too cold for the lens, the outside temperature of the frame and the interior temperature will be too high. If the outside temperature of the lens and the frame are equally, then the frame will not require any adjustment to counteract the heating or cooling effects of internal temperature variations. The inside surface temperature of the system will be appropriate for a particular focal length without the need for any other adjustments, as long as there is no external source of temperature fluctuations affects the system. If the system is situated in an area with limited or obstructed views of surrounding buildings or scenery, it may be necessary to regulate the internal temperature.
The first mechanical interlocking system used to secure lenses onto cameras were made of plastic or other materials that would change shape or bend in response to changes in mounting pressure. This design was later adopted to work with pinhole glasses. This kind of lens assembly has a problem that the mechanical joints between the lens and frame might break or be indented. If this happens, then it is necessary to replace the entire unit within a short amount of time. Because of this the type of system has been replaced by more robust designs.
Pinhole glasses lenses are generally made with a metal frame and a thin, plastic or glass lid. These lense designs should at a minimum have a hermetically-sealed construction. A lens that is hermetically sealed has an enclosed surface at the bottom and at the top. The top layer could be sealed with a similar seal similar to that described above. Additionally, it could contain some other substance, like an adhesive, lip, or a layer of plastic film.
Another variant of lens and window assembly is an lens surface that is a substratethat is attached to the base of the window assembly. This type of system typically comprises glass casings and series lens compartments. The windows could also include other types of devices, like light emitters or thermometers. In some cases, the device that controls the temperature of the room might also be part of this type of system. A variety of compartments could be used to house the temperature controller and a variety of other devices like an alarm clock, thermostat, or other devices.
This is not an exhaustive list of all kinds of lens and window assemblies. It is however a good indication of the key technologies associated with this invention. For more details, please read the complete disclosure. Particularly, you should read the portions relating to “details of the Present Invention” and “Description of the Process with Respect to the Identification of the Various classes of products Involved in the Present Application.”
know more about silicon lens and window here.


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Jennifer Garner has proven to us once again that she is perhaps one of the most hands-on moms in the celebrity world! The actress was spotted treating her two daughters Violet and Seraphina to a pizza date while in Santa Monica, Calif. on Wednesday afternoon.
Check out our photos below and tell us, what do you think of Jennifer’s mom style here? Is it a hit or a miss for you?
Photos via PacificCoastNews.com
Want more of Joanna’s pop culture ramblings? Follow her on Twitter!

domain: entertainment


Our IPM is designed with a lowest guaranteed operating temperature of Tc=-20oC. Operation below this temperature has not been evaluated, and any use below -20oC will void your warranty. At such temperature, there are concerns about possible malfunctions due to a lower device withstand voltage or reduced capacity of the used capacitor.
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Only a brief period after the game’s announcement, Devolver Digital has now shared a lengthy gameplay demo of Shadow Warrior 3. Check the entire 17 Minutes of glorious Wang-on-man action here!
It’s still a fair time until Shadow Warrior 3 comes out on its projected release window of lat 2021 but that doesn’t hold Devolver Digital off from already showing a massive walkthrough of their tongue-in-cheek first-person shooter.
And what we see makes us want even more. Shadow Warrior 3 continues with the silly puns, comedic tone, and brutal action but manages to feel entirely fresh and unique compared to its predecessors. It achieves this by embracing a much more saturated, bright and colorful design. A welcome change from especially the second Shadow Warrior that ventured a tad too far into a muted color palette.
Colorful and fantastic enemy designs that actually play into the gameplay have us both surprised and excited. How about a living slinky that fires Chinese fireworks at you? Already great on its own but you can also finish it with a glory kill to rip a firework cannon out of its guts and spread a fiery rainbow of colors on your foes!
Fallen corporate shogun Lo Wang and his former employer turned nemesis turned sidekick Orochi Zilla embark on an improbable mission to recapture an ancient dragon they unwillingly unleashed from its eternal prison. Armed with a punishing mix of blades and bullets, Lo Wang must traverse uncharted parts of the world to track down the dark beast and push the apocalypse back yet again. All it will take is the mask of a dead god, a dragon’s egg, a touch of magic, and enough firepower to hold off the impending cataclysm.
We also spot the many new additions to the gameplay mechanics. Environmental hazards like spikes can be used to impale enemies, while impressive the areas themselves can be destructed to an unprecedented extent. Complementing the frantic action are wall-running, double jump, and a grappling hook.
Shadow Warrior 3 is slated to launch in 2021 with the PC as the only target platform confirmed so far.


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Across the UK, emergency and healthcare services respond every minute to people in mental health crisis. Mental health crisis calls are increasing consistently each year.
But there is also ‘a problem within this problem’ because in every community, up to 40% of this demand is caused by the same patients. There are a small number of repeat callers who struggle with highly complex behavioural disorders and who, as a result place intensive demands on police, ambulance, A&E departments and mental health teams. These individuals require unique support to help them manage their behaviour effectively
Recognising that this small number of repeat callers were responsible for such a significant proportion of the demand and that NHS staff alone were not equipped to manage some of the most extreme levels of behaviour, specialist, integrated mental health care and policing teams were formed to provide a unique blend of nursing care and behavioural management. These new teams work alongside the patients and encourage clients with complex mental health issues towards more consistent and healthy coping strategies. This unique approach would provide the support needed to patients to effectively manage their behaviour and acute episodes.
The Academic Health Science Networks (AHSN) selected SIM as of one of seven programmes for national adoption and spread across the AHSN Network during 2018-2020.
As an AHSN UCLPartners has worked across our region to implement SIM. This has included supporting engagement between the SIM project and local stakeholders to create a case for change and implementation, and supported training and implementation throughout the project.
Impact: example interventions and outcomes
Case study: Male repeat caller of hoaxes and verbal threats
The patient was a male in his 40s who was repeatedly calling police with hoaxes and verbal threats to call operators, which often included racially aggravated comments. This could be up to 40 calls a day within a 2 to 3-hour period. He had a complex diagnostic profile, aggravated by an alcohol dependency. A difficult relationship with his mental health worker had also contributed to his discharge which was attributing mainly to his alcohol dependency.
SIM Team intervention
Upon reviewing the case history, this SIM team felt that an appropriate and immediate use of criminal justice interventions would benefit all parties. The service user was simultaneously moved from a brief intervention team to a community team where more support could be given.
Whilst with the community team, the patient was referred to a learning disability specialist where he was re-assessed, and diagnosed as autistic. The SIM team supported him to resolve his housing issues and he now lives within supported accommodation.
Outcome of intervention
This individual no longer makes hoax calls to emergency services and has been fully discharged from secondary MH services. He is now engaging in group activities, interacts well with staff where he lives and is developing healthier patterns of behaviour. He has also been given a mobile phone specifically designed for autistic service users.
The racially aggravated behaviour first encountered (without SIM intervention) would likely have resulted in a custodial sentence. This was avoided.
The true impact of the SIM London programme is now being seen in the positive difference it is making; to the service users it supports, to their families and to the crisis care teams that respond to them.
This collaboration between police, ambulance, A&E teams and mental health services can be truly life changing for individuals in mental health crisis.Paul Jennings, Network Director for the High Intensity Network, and the founder of SIM
Case study: Female repeat caller expressing thoughts of suicide and self-harm
This service user is a female in her 60’s who presented as a repeat caller to both police and ambulance. She would typically make about 20 calls per month, often expressing thoughts of suicide and self-harm. When emergency services attended her address to provide support she would usually refuse to go to hospital, and responders were unsure how best to help. This behaviour was aggravated by regular excessive alcohol consumption, which was also impacting her part time job, and had also led to her losing her driving licence.
SIM Team intervention
Although the service user was already under the care of a mental health care coordinator and was participating in therapy, it was felt that support from the SIM team would help her. SIM staff started to work with her wider clinical team and were able to map a complex combination of social and economic problems including imminent housing eviction, financial debt, digital poverty and isolation from her family.
The SIM team were able to help her to find a new home, living with a family. This improved her social connections and reduced loneliness. Additional behavioural support from the SIM police officer encouraged her to reduce her harmful behaviour on services and to reduce her alcohol consumption. Over time, she was then able to get her driving licence back which helped her to take on more hours at work – improving her financial circumstances.
Outcome of intervention
Ultimately, this service user’s high demand on 999 services had been caused by high levels of anxiety. Support provided by her SIM team enabled her to significantly reduce the intensity of her anxiety, which subsequently led to her completely stopping repeat suicidal calls to emergency services. Her family have recently re-engaged with her.

domain: sociology


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The following historical persona poems are culled from the life and letters of Anandi Gopal Joshee (also spelled as Joshi), known widely as Anandibai, who lived from 1865-1887.
Anandibai was India’s first female physician and the first Indian woman to enter the United States in 1883 to pursue an education in medicine. An interest in Anandibai resurfaced around 2017, when her black and white photograph from Drexel College of Medicine’s Legacy Center archive went viral on the Internet. Her life story is a compelling one of empowerment and American and Indian allyship – in which Anandibai broke tradition and social conventions by crossing tabooed black waters (kala pani) to pursue an education and career held exclusively by men. Until very recently, Anandibai’s story has been told through the lens of her husband being her saviour and inspiration.
And while he encouraged her, it was often by coercion and violence. By telling Anandibai’s story through poems in her own voice, my hope is to not only restore Anandibai’s agency and give her story back to her, but to also highlight her inner strength, determination, sharp intellect, and desire to help other women.
But how and why did I write this book?
In 2017, I was researching South Asian history for a long lyric poem I was writing on the racism I had experienced as a child while growing up in Minnesota in the early ‘80s. In this poem, I wanted to confront a childhood bully with facts and dazzle him, to let him know that my family wasn’t the first to have come from India, so that his words, “go back to where you came from”, would ring hollow. It had always been convenient for me to slip into the notion that I was the “other” and that America wasn’t my actual home, because I hadn’t seen myself or my history reflected in my surroundings. This led me on a wild goose chase of sorts to find out who was the first woman from India to touch American shores. And suddenly there she was, seated in a sepia-tinted photograph, next to two other women, dressed elegantly in a saree, her Mona Lisa-like glance following me everywhere, her lips curled up in a half-smile, her image radiating such fierce determination that I had to know more.
Who was this woman and how did she get to Philadelphia all alone from India in the 19th century and why? How did she break away from that iron grip of tradition where women were largely homebound tending to family and manage to cross kala pain, those black ocean waters that were considered tainted? I was riveted and literally felt a shiver – of acknowledgment and discovery, this validation of knowing that all along there had been others before us.
This was how I stumbled upon the extraordinary life of Anandi Gopal Joshee, known more informally as Anandibai, possibly the first Indian (Hindu) woman to have come to the United States. Until very recently, Anandibai’s story was limited to her geographic community in India and had been told through the lens of her husband being her advocate and guide. I wondered if I were to tell Anandibai’s story through poems in her own voice, what would that mean? How would it change the narrative? Would it give her agency back to her? Would it give South Asian Americans a deeper sense of roots and history? And supposing it did, was I the right person to undertake this task? I was a poet after all, and not a historian.
It is with these hesitations that I began my research and poem-making. And stopped. And started. And stopped. And began again.
– From the Preface.
My earliest memories?
The crook of an arm, warm
Aai’s saree, soft and worn
scents of sandalwood and soot
my siblings’ limbs tangled
as they do kusti with one another
feigning pain amidst laughter
sounds of the jhopala
in the courtyard crick-cracking
drunk on stories of Gods, I swoon
to a gaana, soothing
of burbling green pigeons
– and love seeped in slowly
for this middle child
limbs massaged daily with mustard oil
chin marked with a black spot
to ward off the evil eye
The Promise of What Was/What Will be
They tell me I will have to cast off
dust as my daily apparel
my games and learning adjourned
that I must now join the zenana
and don a saree
that I am pockmarked and plain
that I look older than my age
of eight and who will marry me
their biggest worry
neither fair nor thin
though poor by money
we are rich by reputation
the lands we once owned
sliced off and sold like gaud
till all we have left is
the haveli and grand stories
of ancestors rewarded by peshwas
and who will be lured
by such long gone sweetness
the burden that is
who will want
someone like me
Badge of Blood
The whole house is still. Even the green pigeon in the semal tree outside has stopped burbling and tucks its head under a wing. Night spreads like kohl under weary eyes. He tiptoes into the room and his hot breath is suddenly upon me. Sliding my saree up, he grips my wrists, asserting his rights on the sharir I thought only mine. I start crying. But this is what man and wife do, he tells me, caressing the top of my head, whispering all will be fine. And then the shadow of him covers my own. As green glass bangles break into little shards of grass and my braid comes undone like a river, I become the jhopala in the courtyard rocking back and forth. I think of all the body parts I learnt as a child, how I repeated them over and over to claim them: doke, khanda, ghudga, payachi botey. They teach us so many things, our mothers – to separate the husk from grain, to churn butter from milk, to spell out our new name in a tray of rice the day we are wed, but never do they tell us why the kunku worn after marriage is so red, why we refresh the badge of blood on our foreheads morning after morning.
Excerpted with permission from Anandibai Joshee: A Life in Poems, Shikha Malaviya, HarperCollins India.


If you’ve installed the NHS Covid-19 app on your smartphone, you might have received a notification that seems to suggest you’ve been close to someone who has tested positive for coronavirus without stating what to do next.
Many app users have taken to social media regarding a notification, which reads: ‘Possible Covid-19 exposure. Verifying exposure info. The app has accessed the date, duration and signal strength of this exposure.’
What should you do if you get this message?
Visit our live blog for the latest updates Coronavirus news live
What does ‘possible Covid-19 exposure’ mean on the Track and Trace app?
The first message you receive of this kind – one that reads ‘Possible Covid-19 exposure. Verifying exposure info’ – is sent when your smartphone registers it has been close to someone who has tested positive for the virus.
However, you will only receive a second notification if a detailed examination of the data by the NHS app shows that they had a reasonable chance of passing on the virus to you.
The NHS website explains: ‘When exposure logging is switched on, Apple or Google may send you notifications. These may be called COVID-19 EXPOSURE LOGGING or COVID-19 Exposure Notifications… These are default messages from Apple and Google.
‘You’re currently not able to turn off these default Apple and Google notifications. Important messages from the NHS Covid-19 app will always be visible to you from inside the app.
‘Others are labelled Possible Covid-19 Exposure. These messages do not come from the NHS Covid-19 app. The app uses a risk-scoring algorithm to filter out false alarms based on distance and time.
Messages from the NHS COVID-19 app will not ‘disappear’ when you click them, you will be able to see the advice for you within the app when you open it.’
Do you need to self-isolate after a ‘possible Covid-19 exposure’ message?
If you don’t receive a follow-up notification explicitly instructing you to isolate, then no.
If your ‘potential exposure’ is deemed to be minimal and the risk of you contracting it, or spreading it, doesn’t flag concerns with the algorithm, you won’t get a second notification after the default message and you won’t need to quarantine.
Share your views in the comments below.
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text:
Transportation Lawyers in the USA
Transportation Lawyers in the USA Other Countries
All Articles »Transportation - Recent Legal Articles
- Safety Tips for Thanksgiving Travel
In 2015 alone, close to 42 million Americans packed up their cars and hit the road to visit family and friends for the Thanksgiving holiday.
- Lithium Battery Fire on Airline Flight Raises Concerns
An increase of incidents involving faulty lithium batteries also increases dangers in air travel.
- Railroad Accident Expert Witness Describes How Accidents Occur
Railroad incidents often occur when someone is not paying attention to the warning signs available. However, these complications may involve other factors that require an expert witness to describe in the court room for the judge or jury panel.
- Railroad Accident Expert Witness Describes Cause of Accidents
Many accidents that harm persons when working or performing job duties may be severe. This often depends on the industry and the equipment or tools used. For railroad workers, these incidents could end in death with the heavy and sharp items most readily available.
- Florida’s “Move Over” Laws Aim to Prevent Further Accidents and Injuries
Moving to the other lane when you see a traffic accident, emergency vehicle, or flashing lights isn’t just a smart call in Florida -- it’s the law. Failure to obey Florida’s “move over” laws when emergency vehicles are parked on the side of the road can lead to further accidents, as emergency workers attempt to do their jobs and mitigate loss and injury in an existing accident.
- What You Need for a Texas Occupational Driver's License
A Texas Occupational Driver's License will allow a person whose license is suspended to drive under certain restricted conditions. This article describes what people need to obtain an occupational license in Texas.
- Could 2017 Be the Year of Larger NAFTA Payloads?
For Texans, the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are not only visible in an invigorated economy but also in the physical dynamic of increased commercial traffic.
- Self-Driving Cars and Liability
Soon, self-driving cars will start making their way onto roadways across the world. The first wave of autonomous vehicles is expected to enter the market for consumers by 2020 (Stoll, John D., GM Executive Credits Silicon Valley for Accelerating Development of Self-Driving Cars, The Wall Street Journal, May 10, 2016). But as these vehicles become widespread and accidents inevitably occur, the traditional system for compensating those injured in accidents must change to consider who is liable.
- Railroad Intersection Dangers
The dangers of crossing railroad tracks is a very real threat for some individuals. Pedestrians and vehicles sometimes wander into the railroad intersections, causing pedestrians and occupants to become grievously injured or lose their lives. It is always important to follow safety procedures when crossing the road, when traffic poses an issue and when dealing with potential rail cars.
- Lack of Safety of Crude Oil Trains
Crude oil trains are responsible for transporting this important resource across the country. Given the flammable nature of the product and the high demand, transporting this product can be dangerous.

domain: law


text:
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text:
Singer of the popular ‘Bobolebobo’ song, Evangelist I.K Aning, has issued an advise to all men, especially husbands, on what they should do with their monies so they become successful in life.
He stated that, men should give their monies to their wives due to the fact that, women go through a lot in bringing up children and taking care of the house.
“Men should even change their salary name into their wive’s names so that at the end of the month, the women will go for the money and give some to the men”, he said in an interview.
He revealed that whenever he needed money, he goes to his wife since according to him, he gives all his monies to the wife after every show. “For me, after every show, I give all the money I get to my wife to count and keep it, she gives me some if I need it”, he added.
He continued saying, “I am saying this because women are very good in taking care of the family and also know the needs of the children”.

domain: economics


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| Jul 16, 2013
| 12:46 PM
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| Jul 13, 2013
| 8:22 PM
SANFORD, Fla. -- Before the jury in the George Zimmerman murder case brought back its verdict the judge warned those in the courtroom against any untoward displays of emotion or outbursts.
Zimmerman stood at the defendant’s table with his...
| Jul 13, 2013
| 7:06 PM
SANFORD, Fla. — George Zimmerman was acquitted on Saturday of all charges in the shooting of Trayvon Martin, an unarmed black teenager who was slain last year in a confrontation that touched off a national debate about race and guns.
The jury of...
| Jul 1, 2013
| 5:38 PM
Rachel Jeantel spent two days on the stand last week as the prosecution’s star witness in the second-degree murder trial of George Zimmerman in the case of Trayvon Martin.
Many were left wondering whether she ultimately damaged the state's case....
| Jun 24, 2013
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| Jun 20, 2013
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A jury in Riverside County recommended the death penalty Thursday for two men convicted of killing a Marine sergeant and his wife.
Emrys John, 23, and Tyrone Miller, 25, were sentenced to death for their roles in the 2008 slayings in the French Valley...
| Jun 18, 2013
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SAN FRANCISCO -- A federal appeals court decided 2-1 on Tuesday to uphold an Arizona law that denies bail to immigrants who entered or remain in the country without documentation if they are arrested in connection with a felony.
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Federal agents raided 7-Eleven stores across the East Coast on Monday after prosecutors revealed felony indictments accusing franchise owners of operating an immigrant-exploitation scheme from at least 14 of their convenience stores for more than a...
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A federal judge in Florida said this week that she would review the constitutionality of the National Security Agency's collection of Americans' phone data after a man accused of masterminding an armed-truck robbery asked for his NSA phone data in hopes...
| Jun 11, 2013
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Los Angeles County Dist. Atty. Jackie Lacey announced Tuesday that she has issued new policies on when to disclose information about police officer misconduct and other evidence to defense attorneys.
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| Jun 6, 2013
| 5:23 PM
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text:
Ace Combat 7 marks the series’ console return to the fictional alternate-reality version of Earth, known as Strangereal, after 12 years. Once more, you take to the skies as an ace fighter pilot fighting to turn the tide of this latest war in your countries favor.
You play as Trigger, an ace-turned-criminal who may, along with his teams, be what turns the tide of this latest Osean and Erusean war and find redemption. Outside of combat though, you follow the story of Avril Mead, a mechanic that was imprisoned after building her own jet and taking it for a test flight The story jumps around a bit and can be tough to follow occasionally. But it does a serviceable job of giving you reasons to shoot down enemies in your jet.
Your missions will task you with escorting high-value targets, sneaking into enemy territory undetected, destroying a set amount of enemies before time expires, or simply surviving. Most mission types I didn’t mind that much, but I did find myself getting frustrated with some of the target kill point total missions due to the fact of having to start the whole mission over if you die. More than once did I get close to the end total only to die and have to do it all over. Surprisingly, I found the stealth mission segments to be the most pulse pounding. Choosing the quicker routes and having to thread the needle through a very small gap in the enemies radar left me holding my breath each time.
With “combat” in the series’ name, it is implied that the aerial dogfighting is the most important factor and I’m happy to say that they have it nailed down for Ace Combat 7. Bandai Namco has nailed the sense of speed, precision, and raw power that these metal machines have as you fly around at sub-sonic speeds, dodging enemy fire, popping flares, and shooting down enemy aces. Thankfully, the controls do a great job in letting you pull these moves off without much issue after a little time in the cockpit. Initially, I begin playing using the expert style of controls, where you have the control the pitch and turning separately as it was what I was most familiar with in these games. Bandai Namco still manages to pull off tight and responsive controls with these games even after being away from the series for a bit. After some time though, I did myself curious as to how the other simpler control scheme would handle and was just as pleasantly surprised with it. It did take me some time to adjust, which resulted in a few instances of crashing into the ground, but the controls were still tight and responsive and a pleasure to play.
In motion, the visuals in Ace Combat are a striking visual treat. You’ll speed through gorgeous skyscapes as you chase after targets. You’ll be fighting for your life as you soar through puffy white clouds, golden sunsets, serene blue skies, and perilous thunderstorms. You can view all the action from a third person view outside of your jet or in first person inside the cockpit, with a HUD or cockpit itself. , However, when you get up close the visuals break down a bit. When you unlock a new aircraft, you will be treated to a short video showing off your new toy with some close-up angles. They don’t look bad, but you will notice the models lacking in detail in some spots, or the textures being a tad blurry.
Ace Combat 7 sports a vast unlock tree that would make even role-playing game fans swoon. With more than 30 different aircraft for you to choose from, and special weapons and performance-enhancing gear to unlock, you are encouraged to replay missions and play multiplayer. Taking the right plane and weapons into combat with you to fit that particular mission will be instrumental in making missions easier to tackle, prioritizing multi-lock missiles for levels with primarily dogfighting or bombs on ones where you will be taking out ground targets. I found that this made me really think about my load outs for each level as opposed to simply staying complacent and never changing things around.
In terms of the online multiplayer, game variety came in the way of either Free-for-all or Team Deathmatch, allowing you to alter additional parameters include the number of players and the cost limit each player had, which was associated with the type of jets they could use and with what equipment and weapons. The options available quickly left me wanting more choice. I had some issues getting into multiplayer matches as the game would attempt to join a room only for the connection to fail. In the instances where I got in to play matches, I didn’t notice any lag or connection issues with the other players. The experience was chaotic and pulsing pounding, as I found myself dodging missiles and guns from what felt like all angles at all times. While I wasn’t very good, I still managed to have a fun time and even got myself a kill!.
It was fun to get back into the cockpit of the Ace Combat series after so long, with my last venture being back in the PlayStation 2 days. Even if you aren’t deep into the lore of these games, you will still find yourself a fun time flying around fast and firing off missiles and your guns. With a ton of unlocks and some fun multiplayer, you shouldn’t have any trouble getting your money’s worth out of this latest dogfighting experience.
This game was reviewed on a Standard Xbox One system with a review code provided by Bandai Namco.

domain: game


text: Kefauver Studio & Gallery Calls Artists for ‘6 x 6’ Exhibit September 7, 2018 at 8:24 am You have reached content that is intended only for subscribers to The Lincoln County News. If you are a subscriber, login here. Need a subscription? Subscribe now! Related StoriesKefauver Studio & Gallery Calls Artists for Season’s First ShowKefauver Studio & Gallery Calls Artists for ‘Boat Show’Kefauver Studio & Gallery Calls Artists for ‘Boat Show’Call for Entries for Kefauver ‘6 x 6’ Art ShowCall for Artists for ‘Monhegan and the Islands’ Art Exhibit Share this:FacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditMorePrint To stay informed on local happenings, sign up for our newsletter!