With the very recent meeting held in St. Petersburg on August 8 last between Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdogan – the only high-level meeting after the attempted coup in Turkey and the attempted murder of the Turkish leader, a coup which Russia first reported to Turkey and then strongly condemned – a new phase of post-Soviet geopolitics has begun.
A new phase has begun also for Turkey, which is ever less visibly linked to NATO, of which it has been a member since 1952, but ever more neo-Ottoman and anti-American, considering that initially the United States have probably supported the coup and still host Fethullah Gulen, the Sunni Imam accused by President Erdogan of having organized the military insurgency.
Nevertheless, nothing is yet certain in the rapprochement between Turkey and the Russian Federation. Certainly the Russian statements are possibilistic and basically deprived of long-term strategic guidelines and indications, but the results reached by Russia are already greatly significant: the weakening of the Southern and Eastern Flank of the Atlantic Alliance and the probable redesign and splitting up of Syria in agreement with Turkey.
In President Erdogan’s mind, this is the right time to define his traditional Panturanic plan, which does not coincide with the Russian plan, but which has certainly nothing to do with the Atlantic Alliance’s prospects in Central Asia.
Shortly before becoming Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2009, Ahmet Davutoglu had explicitly stated: “We are the new Ottomans. We will reconquer what we lost in 1911 and in 1923 and we will find again our brothers between 2011 and 2023”.
Aleppo and Mosul, the Uygurs of Xingkiang to be “moved” to Syria, the Asian Turkmens and part of Iraq are all the pieces of the dominoes that President Erdogan’s AKP wants to build to become a great Turkish, Sunni and neo-Ottoman empire between Anatolia and Central Asia.
Aleppo, Latakia and Idlib will be the 82nd province of Turkey, but this is obviously not convergent with the interest of Russia which, however, accepts the de facto breaking off between Turkey, the United States and NATO, while President Erdogan urges the Americans to choose between him and Fethullah Gulen.
Paradoxically, however, President Erdogan’s neo-Ottoman approach has still much to do with the arch-enemy Fethullah Gulen.
They both want to restore the traditional links between the Turkish populations, the use of the Turkish language, the Sunni Islam and the Ottoman Caliphate.
Indeed, this would also explain the ambiguous attitude shown so far by Turkey vis-à-vis the pan-Sunni, though not Turkish, Caliphate of Daesh/Isis.
For many years Gulen and his cemaat (community) of about 3 million members have been an apparently secular missionary movement which, however, wants to re-establish Islam throughout the pan-Turkish region having Sufi roots, as has often happened in Turkish nationalism. It also wants to ultimately superpose the plan of a new Sunni Caliphate on the plan for an expansion of the Turkish national power.
On the contrary, President Erdogan comes from the National Outlook Movement, which is part of the Turkish Muslim Brotherhood, from which he departed after the military coup of 1997 in order to found the AKP with Gulen’s militants.
In essence, President Erdogan wants to recreate a great Panturanic umma from China (the Turkish leader defined China’s behaviour in Xingkiang as a “sort of genocide”) up to Eastern Europe.
Nevertheless President Erdogan mainly wants to “Turkify” the Muslim Brotherhood, which is still one of his tools, and not the quietist mystic Islam of Gulen’s movement, which also fanned the flames of the Ghezi Park rebellion and supported the allegations of corruption regarding the AKP regime.
Turkey spent much to support the folly of the “Arab Springs” and President Erdogan spent very much to keep the Brotherhood in power both in Egypt and the Maghreb region.
Everything becomes clear if we think about the way in which President Erdogan is operating in Syria: using those that the silly West calls “moderates” in public, while de facto supporting the jihadists, who are the current extreme fruit of the Muslim Brotherhood.
This is President Putin’s bet: if Russia proposes an agreement on Syria, will President Erdogan temporarily stop implementing his neo-Ottoman project, thus putting aside his Wahhabi soldiers of the jihad?
Hence if Turkey has a new system available to be connected with its Panturanic world, surrounded by Russia and China, will it cease to invoke the imperial myth, put in place by the bloody ranks of the jihad? No one can yet say so.
Russia (and China), however, have the power to manage and greatly influence this new great game, while certainly the United States, NATO and the now useless European Union have not this power.
It is worth noting that another player of the new link between Turkey and Russia is Iran.
If, in exchange for peace with Russia, Turkey leaves the Sunni jihadist factions to their fate, Iran will tacitly support the Turkish ambitions in Iraq and Syria, through the Russian Federation’s protection.
Peace with Russia and the agreement with Iran mean Turkey’s future participation in the recent “triple alliance” reached in Baku on August 8 last between Iran, Russia and Azerbaijan for the new economic corridor between India and Russia.
And this is promised to Turkey in addition to the opening of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline, having a capacity of 30 million cubic meters, and the building of the nuclear power station in Akkuyu, Turkey, with Russian technology.
Russia must absolutely have an energy line avoiding transiting through Ukraine. Turkey cannot survive without Russian gas, which accounts for 50% of its consumption. Furthermore the issue of migrants, with whom President Erdogan blackmails the naïve EU, is now in the hands of Russia, which can provide alternative areas and ways.
President Erdogan also needs a new area of economic, geopolitical (and identity) expansion in Central Asia, provided that it does not officially annex the Turkmen communities that are numerous, but very divided in that region.
In addition, President Putin can cool down and ease the tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, an Azerbaijani area with an Armenian majority.
Certainly Armenians do not talk with Turkey. Armenia has also called for Russia’s protection to recognize its independence internationally, but Turkey has not yet many relations with the pro-Turkish Azerbaijan.
Russia does not want to unleash the struggle between the Azeri-Turkish and Armenian peoples, which would probably trigger off a new destabilizing jihad in the Caucasus, while Turkey equally needs to quell tensions but has no relations with Armenia.
Once again, in this case, both the United States and the EU play the second fiddle.
As is well-known, in Syria Russia supports Bashar al-Assad’s Alawites, but Russia will not be in a position to afford the material and political costs of this commitment much longer.
The Russian commitment in Syria costs at least 3-4 million dollars a day, which we have to multiply by all the days from September 30, 2015 – when the Russian air raids started – to date.
Russia, which has a military budget of 50 billion dollars a year, can certainly afford it, but not with the prospect of low oil prices and the danger of a new hotbed of tensions in addition to the Syrian one.
Furthermore if Russia does not reduce military spending by 5% – as President Putin has decided to do for 2016 – the prospects for Russian economic growth become grimmer.
Moreover, since the beginning of the Inherent Resolve operation in August 2015, the United States have spent in Syria 11.5 millions per day.
Obviously Russia cannot afford this cost for a long period of time, considering that the real strategic gain is only the protection of Latakia and the other Russian bases in the Mediterranean.
Furthermore Turkey, which is de facto allied with Daesh/Isis and the other groups of the Syrian jihad, does not succeed in annexing Aleppo and the other Turkmen areas in the South, which is the real target of the Syrian war for Turkey.
On top of it, President Erdogan can do nothing against the Kurds, who are supported by the United States.
And the Turkish leader can swallow the bitter pill of a Kurdish quasi-State only if there is the annexation of the Syrian Turkmen territories and the creation of a strategic buffer between Turkey and the new Kurdistan, which President Putin might possibly guarantee to him.
In the meeting held on August 9 with the Turkish leader, President Putting hinted at the fact that he wanted Assad to quickly take Aleppo by storm so as to unilaterally declare a cease-fire and call a conference to define the new borders and the new areas of influence in Syria.
Today no one wages and fights the war in Syria thinking about a united country, not even Bashar al-Assad’s Alawites.
The old plan of the Franciscan tertiary and Shiite mystic Louis Massignon, after the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916, is really over. That plan envisaged to hold Syria together by ceding it to the small coastal Alawite sect so as to avoid the Sunni dominance which, sooner or later, was bound to incorporate the “French” Syria into the British system (Iraq) or into Saudi Arabia’s Wahhabi system.
It is also worth recalling that Turkey wants the Turkmen area around Idlib, Latakia and Aleppo so that it can act as a counterbalance to the Kurdish area.
On the other hand, also in view of its internal peace, Turkey must also recover the level of trade with Russia which, after the sanctions imposed as a result of the shooting down of the Sukhoi24M aircraft in November 2015, fell to 6 million US dollars between January and May 2016, while the flow of Russian tourists in Turkey has plunged by as much as 93%.
Therefore the agreement between Russia and Turkey is designed to a division of the Middle East and Central Asia.
Turkey will have the opportunity of managing the new relations with the various Turkmen and Ottoman communities, while Russia (and Iran) will have the possibility of creating a large Asian economic community, which is designed to replace the symbiotic relationship between Europe and the United States.
Furthermore, in Syria, the United States and Europe will be completely wiped out by this new agreement, which envisages that the design of this new “Eurasian entente” be started right from the Syrian territory.
In the meeting held with President Putin in St. Petersburg, following up an idea already proposed in 2013, President Erdogan reiterated that Turkey could be ready to drop its request to join the EU if he were given the opportunity to adhere to the Eurasian institutions and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, in particular.
Nothing, however, prevents Turkey from also walking out of NATO in the future, if the appeal of the Eurasian system were to become irresistible.
We must not even forget, however, that currently 44% of Turkish exports is still to the EU – a ridiculous strategic dwarf – and that, also as a result of sanctions, a mere 4% is to Russia.
Moreover, it is not even likely for Turkey to have access to the most advanced technologies through Russia, apart from the military ones, or that opening to Russia may be the only means for Turkey to access world markets.
Nevertheless we cannot rule out that the establishment of a real, solid Eurasian unity may definitely attract Turkey to the Russian and Chinese project of the economic and strategic autonomy of a new and united Central Asia. And in this case Turkey would be very useful, because it would provide the necessary connection with the Mediterranean.
As already noted, Russia mainly wants to destabilize NATO eastwards and certainly the rift between Turkey and the Atlantic Alliance is certainly an opportunity not to be missed.
Furthermore Turkey does no longer trust the United States which host and help Fethullah Gulen. It wants to create its specific, neo-Ottoman and nationalistic political Islam, thus closing the door both to the EU, which has not yet realized it, and to NATO itself, which is now a useless alliance for the Turkish Panturanic and Eurasian project.
NATO, however, is still necessary to maintain the geoeconomic relationship with the EU and the United States, which is valid as long as Turkey does not replace it with the one with Russia, China and Central Asia.
Hence if Donald Trump wins the US presidential elections, the Russian project of Turkish integration into its geopolitical system will continue, while if the winner is Hillary Clinton, who is obsessed by the future US contrast with Russia, NATO will resume its action in the Middle East. This is the reason why it is extremely useful for President Putin to allure Turkey.
At geoeconomic level, Russia can no longer afford a system of low oil prices – and, in the future, levelling off at around 40 US dollars per barrel – unless a major increase is recorded at the end of 2016, as some analysts predict.
This is the reason why it wants to sell a lot of gas to Europe through Turkey and it is opposed to the military and jihadist designs of Saudi Arabia and its allies, including the United States.
Hence currently the jihad is a substitute for the oil economic war which can be no longer waged and fought.
In fact, the energy world has changed: the United States are no longer the largest oil importer; the euro price of the oil barrel is higher than the one denominated in US dollars and the 40 US dollars per barrel are the tentative scenario for the Russian decision-makers.
Hence, Russia shall come to terms with this tight budget in the Middle East and Syria.
Moreover the cheap oil of the new Iranian exports – all directed to the East, would favour the Russian aims and designs in Central Asia also at geopolitical level.
And it would also favour its potential for selling the Turkish Stream gas in Europe.
Hence, if the Russian Federation opens to Turkey, it will be in a position to reach both the goal of the expansion of its oil market in the West and the goal of the maximum separation of Turkey from NATO.
It is a “win-win” game for Russia, which could ultimately quell tensions in Syria, which also block Turkey’s plans.
Therefore it is a “win-win” game also for Turkey.
For Israel, which has recently renewed its relations with Turkey and can no longer fully trust Russia, which must support Iran and the Hezb’ollah in Syria and the Lebanon, the new Putin’s and Erdogan’s Syrian plan can be useful to mitigate tensions on the Golan Heights and use the Turkish Panturanism for the anti-jihadist stabilization of the Middle East.
But even this is a project to be checked and verified in the future.
China-Arab Relations: From Silk to Friendship
China and the Arabs have a long and rich economic and cultural history, and this distinguished relationship still exists today, with a promising future. This bilateral relationship between the two nations is based on the principles of respect and non-interference in internal affairs or foreign policies. Therefore, China’s relationship with the Arabs as well as with other nations is unique and a model to be followed. If you meet a Chinese person, the first phrase will be “Alabo” or an Arab in Mandarin, and he/she will welcome you. The Chinese state’s dealings with its counterparts can be measured based on the model of this Chinese citizen. China deals with the Arabs on the basis of friendship and historical ties.
The history of Sino-Arab relations goes back to the Tang Dynasty, and these relations developed with the flourishing of trade between the two nations. Since China was famous for its high quality silk, this trade route was called the “Silk Road”. Baron Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen, better known in English as Baron von Richthofen, was a German traveller, geographer, and scientist. He is noted for coining the terms “Seidenstraße” and “Seidenstraßen” = “Silk Road” or “Silk Route” in 1877.
Chinese-Arab relations have developed in contemporary history. In 1930, China established official relations with the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A library in China was named the “Fouad Islamic Library”, after the late Egyptian king, “Fuad the First”. In 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser cut ties with China and established relations with the Communist People’s Republic of China and inaugurated an embassy in Egypt. In the same year, the Arab League established relations with the People’s Republic of China. By the year 1990, all Arab countries cut their relations with the Republic of China and established diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China.
In 2004, the China-Arab Cooperation Forum was established, and today it is considered a milestone for the Sino-Arab relationship. At its inauguration, Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing delivered a speech stating:“The Arab world is an important force on the international scene, and that China and the Arab countries have enjoyed a long friendship. Our similar history, our common goals and our broad interests have been credited with enhancing cooperation between the two sides; no matter how the international situation changes, China has always been the sincere friend of the Arab world”. The China-Arab Cooperation Forum was officially established during the visit of Chinese President Hu Jintao to the headquarters of the League of Arab States in January of 2004.
Hu Jintao indicated at that time that the formation of the forum is a continuation of the traditional friendship between China and the Arab world. The Chinese president said at the time, “The establishment of the forum is conducive to expanding mutual cooperation in a variety of fields. He added that China had made four proposals; First, maintaining mutual respect, fair treatment and sincere cooperation at the political level. Second, strengthening economic and trade relations through cooperation in the fields of investment and trade, contracted projects, labor services, energy, transportation, communications, agriculture, environmental protection and information. Third, expand cultural exchanges. Finally, conducting training for the employees.”
During the second session of the forum in Beijing in 2006, China showed its sympathy for the issues of the Arab world and its interest in the peace process between Palestine and Israel, since China is a peace-loving country; it presented the idea of “a nuclear-free Middle East”. China is the best friend of the Arab countries today. Although some Arab countries have strong relations with the West whose policy does not match the Chinese policy, but all Arab countries agree on friendly and good relations with the People’s Republic of China.
The Arab citizen is not interested today in the foreign policy of the US, the deadly weapons of the US and Russia, or European culture, but rather the livelihood and economy, and this is what China provides through its wise economic policy. In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping launched the Belt and Road Initiative, or New Silk Road, which will restore glow to China-Arab relations; as the Arab world is in a strategic location on the initiative map. Thus, the Arab countries are an important partner for China in the initiative. Although the volume of trade exchanges between China and the Arab countries exceeded 200 billion US dollars, which increased 10 times over the past decade, there was no commercial and institutional arrangement to facilitate trade between the two sides.
China, as a peaceful and non-invasive country, aims to promote economic cooperation with Arab region on an equal basis because it considers the Arab world a historic partner. The historical experience of the Arabs with the Chinese through the Silk Road has confirmed that China differs from the nations of colonialism and imperialism, which consider the Arab region a place rich in natural resources only. In his historic speech at the Arab League, Chinese President Xi stressed that China will not seek to extend influence and search for proxies in the Middle East. The Chinese initiatives will contribute to establishing security and stability through economic development and improving the people’s livelihood, in line with the post-2015 development agenda and the aspirations of the Arab people for a better life, as the Chinese experience proves that development is the key to digging out the roots of conflicts and extremism in all its forms.
China is a neutral country and does not favor the use of violence. During the Syrian crisis, for example, the Chinese envoy to the Security Council raised his hand three times, meaning that China, with its wise diplomacy, supported the Syrian regime without entering the military war. During the recent Chinese military parade, Chinese President Xi Jinping revealed some Chinese military capabilities and thus sent a message to the enemies that China will always be ready if a war is imposed on it, and a message of support to China’s allies. The Arab region today needs a real partner who possesses economic and military power and international political influence, such as China; to ensure the success of the Belt and Road Initiative, and to consolidate the China-Arab relations and raise it to the level of a strategic alliance.
The analysis of developments in relations between Turkey and Israel
The fear of Biden’s Administration, the concern over the Abraham Accords (see below), the positioning of the geopolitical status in the Middle East, and the safeguarding of interests in Israel are the main factors through which Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan seeks to improve relations with Israel which, however, he connects to the Palestinians.
The statements made by Turkish President Erdoğan’s on developments in relations with Israel have confirmed media reports of his repeated attempts to reach an understanding on several controversial issues, as well as paving the way for the re-establishment of diplomatic relations. The statements made by President Erdoğan, as well as other Turkish officials, have stressed the connection between the change in Turkish-Israeli relations and Israel’s policy towards the Palestinian issue.
The “linking principle” connecting the two issues has been a key factor in Turkish foreign policy since the 1950s, and it operates in the range between words and deeds, which at times have also led to severe crises in the relations between the two countries.
At the time Turkey opposed the partition plan, but recognised Israel and maintained diplomatic relations with it. Relations were suspended after the second Arab-Israeli war in 1956, when Turkey recalled its diplomatic representative from Tel Aviv, announcing he would not return there “until a just solution to the Palestinian issue was found in accordance with UN Resolutions”.
After rising to power, President Erdoğan has developed the aforementioned “linking principle”. Against the backdrop of Israel’s actions with the Palestinians, Turkey has increased its political and economic support for its Muslim brethren and caused crises.
President Erdoğan’s recent statements have been made against the backdrop of this policy: on the one hand, the Turkish President has expressed his country’s desire to improve relations with Israel and continue intelligence cooperation; on the other hand, he has maintained that Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians is “unacceptable”.
It is important to note that Turkey will not relinquish the “linking principle”, which differs from the principle of the new Arab normalisation, based on the separation between the Palestinian issue and relations with Israel. The so-called Abraham Accords, such as the recognition of the State of Israel by the United Arab Emirates in September last year: the third Arab country to formally recognise Israel, after Egypt and Jordan; the fourth one if we considers Mauritania’s “frozen” recognition.
The policy implemented by President Erdoğan is not only shaped by foreign relations, but is also a Turkish internal issue in which public opinion plays a key role. It seems that until elections are held in Turkey (scheduled for June 25, 2023), there will be no complete normalisation with Israel. The majority of the Turkish population supports the Palestinians and their rights, feels full solidarity for them and opposes the Israeli presence.
Moreover, President Erdoğan regards the Palestinian issue as an important factor in building a renewed Turkish Muslim national identity. These stances increase his popularity and strengthen people’s support for him and his party, as well as his authority and prestige in the Muslim world.
At the same time, however, this policy also has pragmatic implications: President Erdoğan is not severing ties with Israel, but merely creating actions that lead to symptoms of “diplomatic” crises.
Despite this wait-and-see attitude, economic ties between Turkey and Israel are flourishing. According to official data, in 2018 exports from Turkey to Israel were worth 6.5 billion dollars and imports 1.9 billion dollars (excluding diamond trade and tourism).
Following the crisis in relations and the expulsion of the Israeli Ambassador from Turkey (May 2018), exports had fallen to 4 billion dollars in 2019 and imports to 1.7 billion dollars. Although declining, there are still deep economic ties.
Trade relations, however, are not the decisive factor in determining the nature of Turkey-Israel relations. There are four issues that are believed to have led Turkey to review its relations with Israel:
1. Turkey has welcome the new U.S. President, Joe Biden, with caution and fear that he will oppose Turkish activities in the region. The U.S. leader may also be very tough on security, armaments and minority rights in Turkey. Some believe that improved relations with Israel will calm down the situation with President Biden, and the U.S. Congress and the Zionist lobby will be able to contribute to this result. It is not known, however, whether Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu will be as good a mediator with Biden as he was with Donald Trump.
2. Turkey is seeking to remove the isolation imposed on it due to the distribution of marine economic zones in the Eastern Mediterranean area, and is trying to bring Israel on its side to develop a joint stance and oppose such subdivisions. According to Israeli sources, Turkey has made Israel a generous offer to expand its area of control over the marine economic zones, in exchange for Turkey’ siding with Greece, Cyprus and Egypt. Israel has reacted cautiously, both because it much weighs President Erdoğan’s intentions and because it is actually interested in strengthening its relations with the above stated countries.
3. Turkey is worried about the Abraham Accords for normalisation with Israel, particularly the aforementioned one with the United Arab Emirates, and Turkey aims at limiting their influence and status as a further “undertaking” of Arab rivals. Turkey endeavours to dismantle a rising alliance between the Arab countries and Israel. After all, we wonder why Turkey is not instead trying to improve its ties with Arab countries to achieve the same goal. Could it still be because of history and traditional mutual dislike?
4. Turkey is trying to relieve the pressure on its activities in Israel and Palestine as a result of the possible improvement in relations with Israel. Turkey funds important projects in Jerusalem and Israel is trying to contain and restrain it. Conversely, an improvement in Israeli-Turkish relations could release the Israeli brake.
To date, no official Israeli response has been provided to Turkish statements. Israel’s media speak of suspicion and coldness in response to the Turkish rapprochement, with fears that President Erdoğan is preparing a ploy, a trick aimed not at improving his relations with Israel, but at sabotaging Israel’s relations and contacts with other countries.
However, leaks from senior Israeli officials indicate that their country has set conditions for restoring relations, which include ending Turkey’s ties with Hamas and transferring Turkish projects to Jerusalem through Israeli channels, as well as abstaining from voting against Israel in international organisations and adopting a balanced position between Israel and the Palestinians.
It is not yet clear what the fate of Turkey-Israel relations will be in the coming months, with President Biden in the White House and after the Israeli elections held on March 23, 2021. It is important to note, however, that Turkey will not give up the “linking principle”, which differs from the new principle of Arab normalisation, based on the separation between the Palestinian issue and relations with Israel.
The Turkish “linking principle” is a real need for Turkey- hence the Palestinian leadership must work with Turkey to maximise common goals, especially with regard to Jerusalem, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and Gaza.
Not easy steps to make, but not impossible either.
The Exceptionality of the Hashemite Rule in Jordan
In the tumultuous politics of the Middle East, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has traditionally steered a cautious and successful course in international relations. This course largely relies on a multidimensional foreign policy and the cementing of relations with regional and western countries. Jordan is a valuable strategic partner of the United States and the European Union in the heart of the Middle East. Amman’s strategic role is reflected in the military cooperation and joint global counterterrorism operations including as a member of the Global Coalition to Counter ISIS and in meeting the overwhelming humanitarian needs of more than 1.5 million Syrian refugees.
Jordan is also a pragmatic neighbor of Israel. The 1994 Jordan-Israel peace treaty has enabled water sharing arrangements between the two countries, security cooperation, Jordanian overflight of Israeli territory, and the conduct of joint Israel-Jordan exercises to respond to natural disasters. A representative case was the 2004 joint exercise to counter environmental effects of pollution in the Red Sea. The peace treaty has notably provided the context for enhanced economic, trade and tourism ties.
The kingdom has also served as honest broker in Palestinian-Israeli peace efforts in support of the two-state solution, always abiding with the late King Hussein’s principle that “Jordan should not be, cannot be, will not be a substitute for the Palestinians themselves as the major aggrieved party on the Arab side in a process that leads to peace”. Amman has served as credible intermediary for Israel and the Palestinians to suspend tensions at multiple occasions like for example in the old city of Jerusalem, particularly at the Temple Mount/Haram Al-Sharif where the kingdom pursues a successful administration of religious funded schools favoring moderate religious education and religious tourism. Jordanian moderation guarantees co-existence of the three monotheistic religions in Jerusalem at a time when on the contrary, counties like Turkey funnel millions of dollars in charity projects in Jerusalem promoting extreme Islamic ideologies.
Reform Programs and Initiatives
Jordan’s moderation stems from the Hashemite rule that has confronted internal and external challenges maintaining stability that is conducive to national, and western interests for the region. The exceptionality and uniqueness of the Hashemite rule derives from its historical legacy, modernity, direct descendant of Prophet Mohammed and its posture as vanguard of reforms. Among significant reform initiatives was the “Jordan First-Al Urdun Awlan” campaign of 2002-2003, that articulated a comprehensive vision of economic and political reforms. The initiative provided the formation of a national committee to deal with different economic and political issues that ultimately led to the introduction of a parliamentary quota for women and the enactment of anti-corruption measures.
A blueprint for political, economic, and social reforms was provided by the 2005 Jordanian National Agenda that approached the reform process in a holistic, rather than a piecemeal, way. Its findings produced the “We Are All Jordan-Kulna al Urdun” document. The document was a clear attempt at political reform and selected a list of fifteen priorities that paved the way for significant legislative initiatives. A prominent initiative was the enactment of an anti-corruption law that established an anti-corruption committee with broad powers and included in its definition of corruption actions related to nepotism (wasta).
An additional reform program is the “Jordan 2025 National Vision and Strategy” launched in 2014that provides for economic reforms through policies and measures that aim at sustainable economic growth, support of small and medium-sized businesses, women’s participation in the labour market, financing mechanisms for public projects (PPP partnerships) and public investments on health, education and food security, digital economy, and green infrastructure. The coronavirus pandemic however has hit hard the kingdom’s economy to such an extent that economic reform initiatives are expected to bear fruits at a later stage taking into consideration the current global economic downturn considered to be the worst since the Great Depression. Jordan’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted in 2020 by 2.3 percent after growing 2 percent in 2019 due to losses in state revenues because of fewer remittances and a weakened tourism market.
To cope with the direct negative effects of the pandemic on its state budget, Jordan received $396 million from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in May 2020 in the form ofemergency assistance. The amount of finance was specifically funneled to address the kingdom’s balance of payments needs and allow for higher spending on healthcare, and assistance to households and companies most affected by the pandemic. Despite that the IMF provided in March 2020 another multi-year $1.3 billion loan package to Jordan, the pandemic has caused at least a $1.5 billion shortfall in its balance of payments.
Modernization and Democratization
The Hashemite exceptionality legitimizes and ensures viability of rule over Jordan that constitutes a model of a modern Arab democratic country.The Jordanian leadership has taken over the last decade practical steps to unleash a deep political reform process to reflect Jordan’s vision of comprehensive reform, modernization, and development. Chief among reform measures was the introduction of a new constitution that came into force in 2011 and included amendments to 42 constitutional articles. Most prominent was the establishment of a constitutional court and an independent elections oversight commission, and the provision that the dissolution of the parliament entails the dissolution of the government. A major concession was also the curtailing of some of the King’s powers with most representative, the revoke of his power to cancel parliamentary elections. It is also noteworthy that the Jordanian leadership initiated in 2013 the Democratic Empowerment Programme called “Demoqrati” under the umbrella of the King Abdullah II Fund for Development, with the aim to instil the principles of active citizenship and empower individuals and democratic institutions.
In practical terms, the kingdom has demonstrated effectiveness and respect of democratic processes when, despite the pandemic, Amman proceeded with holding parliamentary elections in 2020. A recent poll conducted by the Centre for Strategic Studies at the University for Jordan in mid-March 2021 showed that 36% of Jordanians trust the current parliament, and 38% trust their electoral district parliament representatives, which constitutes the highest percentage of trust given to the parliament since 2014. The election of 100 new parliament members in the current House of Representatives guarantees renewal of political representation that is one of the main pillars of democracy. Elections were held in Jordan in a timely manner enhancing democratic governance and institutions. Jordanian elections were held in accordance with constitutional provisions when on the contrary at least 41 countries and territories around the world postponed national elections and referendums using the pandemic as a pretext according to data released by the Stockholm-based International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
Overall, Jordan’s Hashemite leadership has unleashed a multidimensional reform process throughout the years that reflects the kingdom’s vision of comprehensive modernization and development in a way that can be translated into realities on the ground and provide a blueprint for a better future, not only for Jordanians, but for the people of the region.
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Africa - Mankind's nursery?
In paleoanthropology, the single-origin hypothesis - otherwise known as the Out-of-Africa model - is one of two accounts of the origin of anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens.
This hypothesis holds that modern Homo sapiens evolved from a single, geographically localised, ancestral hominid population, localised in Africa, whose descendants ultimately replaced all other sub-species.
The other theory is the multiregional hypothesis, which claims that our common genetic inheritance is attributable to hominid species, or subspecies geographically dispersed across the landmasses at the time.
However, a hypothesis also exists that all living humans have a female line of descent from a woman whom researchers have dubbed Mitochondrial Eve, who lived on the African continent about 150,000 years ago.
Africa may indeed be our ancestral homeland: the place where our species evolved. Ethiopia is the country where palaeontologists have found the full fossilised sequence of our human ancestors, going back millions of years.
Discovery's Geoff Watts has travelled to Addis Ababa to meet Ethiopia's leading researchers into early man, Dr Berhane Asfaw, and his colleagues at the National Museum.
Geoff will be finding out about the geographical features of this region of Africa that have helped to preserve its past were also those that made it an ideal place for our ancestors to live.
Berhane Asfaw also explains why he has stayed working in Ethiopia, rather than leaving to work in the USA or Europe where most palaeontological research takes place.
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domain: geography


text:
The Office of the Vice President under Dick Cheney seems to cultivate secrecy as an end in itself, and not simply to protect national security or personal privacy. The OVP will not even confirm how many staff people work there, who they are, or much of anything else.
“Cheney’s office refuses to give any details to reporters,” observed Justin Rood in TPMmuckraker yesterday, noting further that the OVP “is exempt from the Freedom of Information Act, so any such request would be futile.”
Some Americans still find this willful obscurity offensive to democratic principles, and TPMmuckraker summoned the blogosphere to help pierce the veil.
Secrecy News was able to contribute a 2004 telephone directory for the OVP (pdf), which is marked “for official use only,” naturally. Though it is no longer current — it still lists the departed Scooter Libby as assistant to the Vice President, for example — it provides a good sense of the size and structure of the OVP. It is posted here (with phone and fax numbers redacted by Secrecy News).
The joint advocacy effort calls for the establishment of an effective AI governance framework through NIST, including technical standards, test methods, and objective evaluation techniques for the emerging technology.
Understanding the implications of climate change in agriculture and forestry is crucial for our nation to forge ahead with effective strategies and outcomes.
Alexa White’s journey into the world of science policy started back when she was earning her undergraduate degree in biology and chemistry at Howard University.
In the quest for sustainable energy and materials, biomass emerges as a key player, bridging the gap between the energy sector and the burgeoning U.S. and regional bioeconomies.

domain: news


text:
Bollywood is an artistic and glamorous industry. While the talent here speaks for itself, the sense of style of a person is also very important. And no matter whichever era we talk about, style has always been a factor in an actor’s popularity and there’s no denying to that.
India is a country where people are overly obsessed with the Bollywood movies. And that’s the reason these Bollywood stars often tend to inspire common people’s sense of style and fashion. There have always been people who were the harbingers of fashion and style for the general masses.
Although, just like stardom, the status of style icon is very difficult to handle and you might lose it very easily. Let us take a look at forgotten stars from the 1980s & 1990s who were legit style icons back in the day.
1. Kumar Gaurav
The actor had a magnificent debut with the 1981 film Love Story. There was an era where he was just churning out hit films. The people of the country started emulating his mannerisms, his hairstyle and the way he would dress.
2. Deepak Tijori
Deepak debuted with Aashiqui and went on to become an overnight star. He had developed a massive fan following after the success of the film. The actor had an inexplicable charm about himself, which coupled with his sharp sense of style.
3. Sharad Kapoor
Although Sharad Kapoor has acted in a number of films and was mainly seen as a villain or a supporting actor, he still had a massive fan following. The actor had a very raw and rustic appeal, which coupled with his sense of fashion.
4. Chandrachur Singh
The actor was all set to become the next big star of the 1990s after a number of immaculate performances in films like Tere Mere Sapne and Maachis, his earliest films. He was a guy men would look up for some really dope style inspirations.

domain: entertainment


text:
Music video for country singer Paul McDonald - Director
1 Interview |
1 Article |
8 Magazine Cover Photos |
5' 4" (1.63 m)
Did You Know?
I think my mother is my biggest influence. There are so many things I hate about her but at the same time I'm thankful for her. All I know is that when I'm a parent I want to be just like my mom. I can talk to my mom more than any of my friends could talk to their parents.
God-mother of Monroe Jackson Rathbone VI (b.July 5, 2012), a son of her friend and Twilight
(2008) co-star Jackson Rathbone
and his wife Sheila Hafsadi.
Often plays characters that have grown up too fast, are very adventurous and somewhat damaged.

domain: artistic


text:
The Northland Foundation has been awarded a $2 million grant from the U.S. Treasury’s Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Fund, part of the federal government’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The grant will strengthen Northland's capacity to provide loans to businesses and nonprofit organizations located in the seven-county region of northeastern Minnesota, an area of the country that has been hard hit by the economic recession.
“This grant award guarantees our continued capacity to provide capital to local businesses and further our mission of supporting economic vitality in the region.”
~ Tom Renier
Official word of the grant award came from Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, who announced a total of $90 million in financial assistance awards to the Northland Foundation and 58 other Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) in 26 states and Puerto Rico. These 59 grants were made to organizations that are dedicated to helping communities struggling with the economic crisis and will support job retention and new economic recovery projects.
“With a tighter credit market, the number of businesses looking for flexible financing is high,” said John Elden, Director of Business Finance at the Northland Foundation. “We were extremely pleased to learn that Northland's request was among those selected to receive the maximum grant amount. Certainly, the need in northeastern Minnesota is great.”
The CDFI program invests in and builds the capacity of a nationwide network of community-based financial institutions with a primary mission of community development in economically distressed urban, rural, and Native communities. Northland's Business Finance Program is a certified CDFI and has earned an “AA” rating by CARS™ – a comprehensive, third-party analysis of CDFIs.
“It is ironic that, just when businesses and nonprofits need it the most, the capital to sustain and grow their operations can be tougher to come by. This grant award guarantees our continued capacity to provide capital to local businesses and further our mission of supporting economic vitality in the region,” stated Tom Renier, Northland Foundation President.
The CDFI Fund receives grant applications on an annual basis and awards funds through a competitive process. For a complete list of the recent award recipients and profiles, visit http://www.cdfifund.gov.


text:
It's a rare allergy, but if your skin is hypersensitive already, it would make a sperm allergy seem more significant than for most people.
While the medical community once thought this wasn't possible, they have recently reconsidered. However, it's not the sperm you'd most likely allergic to, but rather the proteins in the semen. That's one way to be allergic.
In some men and women, an allergy to semen could be a sign of something much more worrisome. "The immune system of some men and women see sperm as a foreign invader, like a germ, and their bodies make antibodies to attack the sperm." Antisperm antibodies may cause infertility by preventing the sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg.
Almost all men who have undergone a vasectomy (surgical operation that causes sterility) produce antisperm antibodies after the procedure. If a man undergoes a vasectomy reversal, the antisperm antibodies will interfere with conception.
So what causes the immune system to make antisperm antibodies? A genital tract infection, a congenital abnormality in the male genital tract, a vasectomy (as mentioned above) or a varicocoele (a varicose vein in the testicles) can cause these antibodies to develop. Wives of men with abnormal sperm are also at increased risk for developing antisperm antibodies.

domain: medical


text: Sixty adult rats of both sexes were used for determination of LD50 of Anagallis arvensis. Other eighteen rats were used for repeated successive dose for determination of blood picture, kidney function and histopathological changes associated with A. arvensis toxicosis (1/5 and 1/10 LD50) IP for 15 days. The LD50 was 10.718 mg/kg.b.wt. of alcoholic extract of A. arvensis. The clinical signs included anorexia, restlessness, diarrhea, thirst, difficult breathing, tremors and ended by coma and death. Hematologically, there were a significant reduction in PCV%, Hb concentration and RBCs count of the intoxiced rats. Concerning kidney function tests, there were a significant increase in urea and creatinine level of the intoxicated rats. Pathologically, the lesions were primarily confined to the urinary system.


Rolling house track featuring hands in the air, big room synths and a huge breakdown. This is a peak time club track direct from Miami. Techno / Trance. Dynamic, Optimistic, Determined, Dark, Motivational, Energetic, Purposeful, Moving / Driving, Positive, Mechanical, Confident, Pulsing. Electronic, Synthesizers. Action, Sports, Teen / Youth / After-School.
An electronic, uplifting pop track. Big, driving, bouncy electro drums, with uplifting, catchy synths and grooving bass. Dance Pop, Euro Pop, Electro Pop. Joyful, Optimistic, Happy, Motivational, Energetic, Positive, Uplifting, Fresh. Synth Pad, Synth Bass, Synthesizers, Drum Machine. Teen / Youth / After-School, Commercials / Daytime TV.
A pulsating and invigorating Techno / Trance / House track with a moderate energy level and occasional mysterious, emotional piano melodies (also available without the piano). A nice track for energetic media, without being too over the top. Techno / Trance. Dynamic, Optimistic, Technologic / Scientific, Motivational, Energetic, Moving / Driving, Positive, Groovy, Bouncy, Pulsing. Piano, Electronic, Synthesizers. Sports, Sci-Fi / Tech.
Fast, reckless, punk-rock / punk-pop. Attitude, guts, excitement, energy. Good for action packed sports footage, extreme sports, racing / motorsports, fights and brawling, downhill action and stupid stunts. Untamed / Wild / Rebellious. Hard & Metal. Aggressive, Determined, Motivational, Moving / Driving, Anxious. Drive Guitars / Riffs, Drive Guitars / Leads, Rock Band. Sports.
A very energetic, positive, motivating and uplifting dance / techno / house track with a strong forward drive. Layers of synth arpeggios drive the track forward at high tempo and with high intensity. You feel invigorated, excited, energized. Techno / Trance, House / Club. Happy, Exciting, Motivational, Purposeful, Moving / Driving, Dancing, Positive. Drum Grooves, Electronic, Synthesizers. Business / Corporate, Infomercials.
A melodic, positive and feelgood Pop/Rock track with a rich, layered sound. Catchy and emotive, bright and fresh. Indie Rock. Joyful, Playful, Optimistic, Bright, Happy, Exciting, Motivational, Energetic, Moving / Driving, Positive, Uplifting, Groovy, Friendly. Piano, Electric Guitars, Rock Band. Teen / Youth / After-School, Commercials / Daytime TV.
An upbeat, but also relaxed and somewhat playful, cheerful pop-rock track. Uptempo acoustic drums, arpeggiated electric guitar picking and a nice, positive vibe makes this track suitable for feelgood productions. Has a somewhat "down to earth" sound. Indie Rock. Dynamic, Motivational, Moving / Driving. Electric Guitars, Rock Band. Commercials / Daytime TV.
Raw rock / Fast 'n Wild / Fun Sports: Dirty and bold punk / rock tune, with lots of "cojones". Bad ass music for bad ass attitude. Hard & Metal, 70's - 90's Rock, Indie Rock. Impetuous / Impulsive, Crazed / Mad, Powerful, Exciting, Determined, Motivational, Energetic, Moving / Driving, Groovy. Drive Guitars / Riffs, Drive Guitars / Leads, Electric Guitars, Rock Band. Action, Sports, Crime / Gangster.
This mid tempo, uplifting and motivational pop rock track. Arpeggio guitar harmonic riff, piano, strings, driving bass guitar and real drums. Conveys motivation, uplifting attitude, a bright outlook, and positive energy. Pop Rock. Optimistic, Bright, Happy, Motivational, Positive, Uplifting, Groovy, Friendly, Fresh. Electric Guitars. Business / Corporate, Commercials / Daytime TV.
A positive, inspiring and uplifting track made with epic orchestra, epic drums and cinematic piano. The structure is based on three parts (intro, build-up and outro). Epic / Inspiring / Soaring / Valiant. Filmscore / Cinematic. Triumphant / Majestic, Optimistic, Successful, Determined, Motivational, Heroic, Ceremonial, Uplifting, Pompous, Proud. Strings, Piano, Brasses / Horns, Symphony Orchestra, Big Drums. Adventure, Drama, Epic / Historical, Documentary.


text:
African kraal in the Drakensberg
A recent watercolour of a typical African village in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
About the Artist
I am a retired civil engineer who has been sketching and painting watercolours and acrylics as a hobby for the past twenty years or so. I grew up in Africa and worked in Southern Africa and Botswana for a number of years but have spent the past forty years or so resident in England with my…View full profile


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text:
QPR star Adel Taarabt is testing the patience of boss Neil Warnock.
The midfielder kicked a water bottle into the wall around the pitch when he was subbed at Ipswich on Tuesday night.
But his boss has told the rest of the team not to let his tantrums affect them.
Warnock said: "Next week, he’ll be ripping his shirt off and throwing it at me. But we’ll let him have his moments in exchange for what he brings to the team."


text:
The powerful, harrowing and inspirational story that changed america forever from may until november 1961, more than 400 black and white americans risked. In albert s broussard's latest book, expectations of equality: a history of black westerners, the texas a&m university professor of history and former humanities . American evolution events and programs include a series of extraordinary projects ranging from special exhibitions, documentary film, scholarly works,. The civil rights movement was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights while for a short time, african americans voted and held political office, they were soon deprived of civil rights, often under and paramilitary groups arose that violently opposed african-american legal equality and suffrage.
Forty-three percent of americans say they support the black lives matter they see black and white economic equality,” said juliana horowitz,. The african-american civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent series of events to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all. David j johns, executive director of the national black justice coalition, discusses the black equality gap, along with his organization's efforts. How african americans think and feel about lgbt people and issues, listening to areas of using the term civil rights to describe lgbt equality hinders our.
Complete the following table listing the 3 eras of the struggle for african american equality, the major policy focus during each era, major court cases and their. In honor of african american history month, the third article in our series on the communist party's 90th anniversary surveys a few documents. The struggle for african american equality julius a amin university of dayton to me it is sadly depressing that so few young black americans. The movement of the african american people for full social economic, and political equality has always played a decisive role in the over all.
9 powerful civil rights quotes about equality in america johnson and broke the barriers that prevented african americans from exercising their rights to vote. Despite the rise of barack obama, many african-americans still feel like second- class citizens john kirk charts the progress of the civil rights movement through. This is a timeline of the african-american history in what is now the united states, from 1565 to april 9 – the congress of racial equality (core) sends 16 men on the journey of reconciliation april 15 – jackie robinson plays his first game. While african-american members of congress from this era played that, in part, addressed concerns about economic equality raised by black leaders.
This special report and another on african american equality were solicited by the national board to enhance the discussion of key racially and. No account of black history in america is complete without an the quest for equality in american society, and in the process helped give birth. A sampler of neh-supported projects on african-american civil rights history so, for black americans, the struggle for freedom and equality in law and in fact. In the early years of the 20th century, booker t washington, w e b du bois, and marcus garvey developed competing visions for the future of african. As his success and fame grew, robinson began speaking out publicly for black equality in 1949, he testified before the house un–american activities.
For the next half century, it would serve as the country's most influential african- american civil rights organization, dedicated to political equality and social. I think that one was african- american attitudes towards equality changed in the 1960s resided in how dominant the call was for change and how willing many. And thus it's news that more than 40 percent of african americans now consider in white racial attitudes, started blacks down the road to much greater equality.
The book crafting equality: america's anglo-african word, celeste michelle condit and john louis lucaites is published by university of chicago press. In this activity students role play a debate among four african-american leaders at the achieving equality, by pursuing either economic or political equality first. Federal records and african american history (summer 1997, vol 29, no 2.
Proceeds from the lebron 15 equality edition will go to the smithsonian national museum of african-american history, lebron james. A house divided: african american workers struggle against segregation on to play a leading role in the movement for equality within the labor movement. Many groups in us history have sought recognition as equal citizens although each group's efforts have been notable and important, arguably the greatest,.

domain: sociology


Nokia Mobiles, which once held the prestigious number one position by being a top company in the manufacturing mobile phones, is trying to redeem its position once again. This is the reason for adopting two pronged strategy. The first one is to manufacture the budget feature phones in Asha series, which it started during the last quarter of 2011. It has already brought out about 15 low priced mobile phones in its Asha series since then. Most of these Asha series mobile feature phones are priced between Rs.3500 and Rs.6000 except Nokia Asha 311 priced around Rs.6500 and Nokia Asha 303 priced around Rs.7400. The second strategy of Nokia to stay in the limelight, is to manufacture Lumia series smartphones with high end features running on Windows Phone 8 operating system. The latest in the Lumia series, which will be entering the market this month, are Nokia Lumia 928 and Nokia Lumia 925. Nokia has already created a name for itself once again with its Nokia Lumia 520, 620, 720, 820 and 920 smartphones doing a good business in the mid-range and premier smartphones segment. The present Nokia Asha 501 has just been launched in New Delhi on May 9 in the presence of Nokia's global chief executive officer (CEO) Stephen Elop. The smartphone is going to be introduced for sales in June 2013 in about 90 countries including India. Nokia Asha 501 will be priced $99 (Rs.5350) plus taxes. This price is for the single SIM version. The smartphone will run on Nokia's new software Nokia Asha platform 1.0. It will allow users easy multi-tasking jobs between the built-in applications and the popular social networks. The best news for us in India is that Nokia will manufacture Nokia Asha 501 in India. Nokia's policy about its Asha series feature phones appears to be quite clear. Nokia 's main objective of bringing out mobile phones in Asha series is to offer its users affordable mobile phones incorporating some of the good features of the smartphones. It somehow is trying to blur the distinction between the feature phones and the smartphones. Let us now discuss the features and specifications of Nokia Asha 501. The readers can also have a quick look at the specifications in the table given along side the textual details.
Network, SIM, dimensions, weight and design
Nokia Asha 501 supports 2G GSM networks. It has a provision for an optional dual micro-SIM. The uniqueness of this feature phone lies in the fact that the user can exchange the second SIM card without having to remove the battery. The dimensions of this smartphone are 99.2 x 58 x 12.1 mm. Asha 501 weights 98.2 g. The design of this smartphone appears to be inspired by the Lumia series of Nokia. One has to just give a double tap to wake up the phone. In addition to the Fastlane home screen, the other home screen is for app drawer. In the Fastlane, the user is shown the currently running apps and also the messages and notifications that are received.
The display size of Nokia Asha 501 is 3.0 inches. The display type is TFT capacitive touchscreen with 256K colours. It has a multi-touch screen up to two fingers. The screen resolution is 240 x 320 pixels. The pixel density is 133 ppi. There is a new interface, which has its focus on swipe events. It has new feature called Fastlane.
Memory and sound features
Nokia Asha 501 has an internal memory of 128 MB. Externally, the memory is expandable up to 32 GB via microSD card. A 4 GB card comes along with the phone when you buy it. It has a 64 MB RAM. The sound features include vibration and MP3 ringtones, a loudspeaker and 3.5 mm jack.
Connectivity, camera and video features
The internet connectivity is supported by GPRS, EDGE and Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g. The data transfer is performed by Bluetooth 3.0 with EDR and microUSB 2.0. There is only one camera of 3.15 MP. It has an image resolution of up to 2048 x 1536 pixels. The video recording capability of this camera is QVGA@15fps. Nokia Asha has made provision for 2G connectivity because most of the regions in the world still depend on this slow
OS, sensors, messaging, browser, radio, GPS and Java
Nokia Asha 501 is the first smartphone in the Asha series to run on the Nokia's Asha Software platform 1.0. The new OS of this feature phone will have social platforms like Facebook, Foursquare, Linked-in, Twitter and YouTube. It 501 comes with a pre-loaded Xpress browser to compress the internet data by up to 90%. This makes the browsing faster at the most affordable price in the market. The smartphone has sensors like accelerator and proximity. The messaging facilities are through SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, and IM. The browser support is provided by WAP 2.0 /xHTML and HTML. There is an FM radio for entertainment. There is no GPS support for this phone, but it is provided with Java support with MIDP 2.1.
Colours, video/audio file formats support and other features
Nokia Asha 501 is available in Bright Red, Bright Green, Cyan, Yellow, White and Black colours. The phone supports MP4/H.263/WMV player file formats and MP3/WAV/WMA/AAC player file formats. Some other features of this smartphone are SNS apps, photo editor, organizer, voice memo and predictive text input.
This mobile is equipped with l Li-Ion 1200 mAh battery. It gives a talk time of 17 hours. The stand-by time support is for up to 1152 hours. The continuous music can be played up to 56 hours.
Price and availability
Asha 501 will be made available at the online and offline stores of 90 countries including India. The feature phone will be manufactured in India as announced by Nokia. It has been priced very affordably at about Rs.5350 plus taxes for India. This price is for a single SIM phone. The dual SIM variation will be costing a little extra.
In case of the Nokia Asha series lovers are thinking of buying an Asha series feature phone, they are advised to wait for one more month when Nokia Asha 501 will be freely available in about 90 countries of the world including India. Nokia Asha 501 blends the affordability of a feature phone and some of the important features of costly smartphones. So, one can enjoy the best of the both worlds by buying Asha 501. The feature phone is very reasonably priced by Nokia if we take into consideration of the features and specifications of this phone as discussed in the above paragraphs.


Review of Infinix S6
Infinix S6 is a mobile device that is yet to be launched, making it is an upcoming phone.
I believe a lot of people are anticipating the release of this attractive device.
Here, we will supply you with enough information on this device.
Design and display of Infinix S6
Infinix S6 will follow the infinix series, infinix S5. This device will have some features that are missing on its successors. Such has the motorized pop-up selfie camera and its ultra-wide 6,59 screen display with its massive 720 x 1600-pixel resolution.
Infinix S6, will run on the operating system of Android 9.0 Pie with the media Tek Helio P35 chip and 12nm. Infinix S6 has the 2.3 GHz Cortex-A53 64 bit cpu by architecture. When the graphics of the phones are done by the IMG PowerVR GE8320 GPU.
Infinix S6 offers outstanding performance, due to its 4 gigabytes RAM and its internal storage of 64 gigabytes that can be expanded with the available micro SD card up to 256 gigabytes.
Camera of Infinix S6
In addition, Infinix S6 is designed with a triple vertical cameras and also a nice single selfie snapper.
The main cameras of this device comprises of the 16 megapixels wide angle camera, 2 megapixels’ depth sensor and lastly 5 megapixels ultra-wide camera.
It also has the support of a 32 megapixels’ selfie that can also be used to unlock the phone by face. Videos can be shoot on this device effortlessly by its video set up of [email protected]
Infinix S6 is made with an inbuilt lithium polymer battery of 4500Mah capacity with the support of the standard fast charging of 5V/2A that comes with the phone, prospective buyers need not to worry at all over the battery capacity.
Display and body size of Infinix S6
Infinix S6 is designed with IPS capacitive touchscreen of 16M, 6.59 inch of HD+, 720 x 1600 pixels of 266 PPI and it is protected with the Corning Gorilla Glass 3.
Infix s6 sports other major features such as, ISO settings, HDR, panorama, Geotagging, digital Zoom, autofocus, face detection, among others.
Connectivity of Infinix S6
This device supports connectivity by Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, Wi-Fi direct, hotspot and dual-band.
It also supports sharing of files via Bluetooth 5.0, A2DP and LE. It does not support NFC, also it comes with GPRS A-GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and BDS. Furthermore, it supports the use of radio and USB of MicroUSB 2.0v.
Other General Key Features of Infinix S6
Infinix S6 has the alerts sounds by vibration and sounds. The supports loudspeaker and use of headphone, through its headphone jack that is at the bottom of the device.
In terms of sound as well, it also comes with active noise cancellation with a good dedicated mic.
The manufactures have made the necessary sensors available on this device, which are Accelerometer, proximity, gyro, compass and the fingerprint sensor which is mounted at the side of the device.
Infinix S6 can get messages by SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, Push Email and by IM.
Infinix S6 is built with HTMLS browser, MP3/WAV/eAAC+/APE/Flac player, XviD/MP4/MKV/H.265 player and it can access any type of photo editor, video editor and document viewer.
Infinix S6 price in Nigeria
The Infinix S6 will cost 55,000 to 60,000 naira in major stores across the country.
Infinix S6 Specifications
MediaTek Helio P35
16 MP + 5 MP + 2 MP
May 20, 2020 (Unofficial)
Android v9.0 (Pie)
Dual SIM, GSM+GSM
4G: Available (supports Indian bands)
You are anticipating the release of this incredible device that will soon join the list of the infinix amazing series. Then, you may have to consider what makes it amazing among other devices of its category.
Finally, after taking a critical look at the available features of this device, you can decide to make it your next asset or make it a gift to someone. Whatever your decision is on this device, be rest assured that you will have no regret investing your money on it.


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Local Chamber volunteers recently visited 3rd grade classrooms throughout the school district to talk about the importance of saving money. The activity is done each year for elementary school children as part of the “National Teach Children to Save Day,” sponsored by the American Bankers Association.
Chamber members who visited 3rd grade classrooms this year on April 23 were: Matt Kimmes, Kollege Town; Rhonda Gilbertson, DMB Community Bank; Lisa Beck, DeForest Area Chamber of Commerce Executive Director; Erin Jones, Investment Centre; Trisha Rodekamp, Settlers bank; Diane Pertzborn and Cathey LaHaye from the DeForest Area School District Business Office; and Debbie Brewster, School/Community Relations Coordinator for DASD.
The ABA Education Foundation established National Teach Children to Save Day to spotlight the importance of teaching our nation’s youth about saving money. This event occurs every April when business people make presentations to students about budgeting, saving, recognizing needs and wants and how interest makes money grow.
Locally the event is sponsored by the Chamber’s Education Committee, as part of their commitment to improving the financial literacy of students in the DeForest Area School District.
Over 60 Chamber and community volunteers will also be participating in the committee’s next financial literacy project, Reality Day for high school seniors, on May 22.


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- Wine Simple
- Aldo Live!
- Wine Bar
- Wine Club
Hardcover Copy of Wine Simple featuring an elegant custom designed slipcase.
From the world-renowned sommelier Aldo Sohm, a dynamic, essential wine guide for a new generation. Aldo Sohm is one of the most respected and widely lauded sommeliers in the world. He has worked with chef Eric Ripert as wine director of Le Bernardin for over a decade, yet his philosophy and approach to wine is anything but pretentious. Imbued with Aldo's insatiable passion and eagerness to teach others, Wine Simple is accessible, deeply educational, and lively and fun, both in voice and visuals.
The essential guide begins with the fundamentals of wine in easy-to-absorb hits of information and pragmatic, everyday tips - key varietals and winemaking regions, how to taste, when to save and when to splurge, and how to set up a wine tasting at home. Sohm then teaches you how to take your wine knowledge to the next level and evolve your palate, including techniques on building a "flavor library", a cheat sheet to good (and great) vintages (and why you shouldn't put everything on the line for them), tips on troubleshooting tricky wines (corked? mousy?), and for the daring, even how to saber a bottle of Champagne. This visual, user-friendly approach will inspire readers to have the confidence, curiosity, and enthusiasm to taste smarter, drink boldly, and dive fearlessly headfirst into the exciting world of wine.
ALDO SOHM is the James Beard Award-winning wine director of Le Bernardin and a partner in the eponymous Aldo Sohm Wine Bar. Sohm was named Best Sommelier in the World in 2008 by the Worldwide Sommelier Association, Best Sommelier in America in 2007 by the American Sommelier Association, and Best Sommelier of Austria four times by the Austrian Sommelier Union. He lives in Brooklyn, New York.
CHRISTINE MUHLKE is a contributing editor at Bon Appétit, the founder of Bureau X food consultancy, and the creator of the newsletter Xtine. She has authored cookbooks with Eric Ripert, David Kinch, and Eric Werner.

domain: hobby


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Texas roadways continue to get more dangerous. The latest annual report from TXDOT shows there were over 3,700 people killed in traffic accidents last year, a 10% increase from a year earlier and the seventh straight year the number has gone up. In fact, traffic deaths in Texas are up 34% since 2010. TXDOT has also been pushing to end a sad streak, in which at least one person has been killed on Texas roadways every day since 2007.
There are many reasons for the spike in traffic deaths. "You can blame a lot of different things," says Mark Hanna with the Insurance Council of Texas. "The Texas economy is growing, we've got more motorists on our roadways...we've also got lower gasoline prices encouraging people to be on the roadways." Then, there are the more traditional factors. "Forty percent of the traffic fatalities in Texas are due to alcohol," says Hanna. "Speeding is another factor, and distracted driving is becoming another major factor."
Texas has taken steps to try and reverse the trend of rising traffic deaths. Last year, the state enacted House Bill 62, which bans texting while driving. Texas was the 46th state to institute such a ban.
Still, with the Texas economy and population soaring, and more people than ever on the roadways, all drivers need to do their part. "Get off the phone, slow down, refrain from alcohol, use your seatbelt, drink cautiously, and drive defensively," says Hanna.