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Can I Get Reinfected If I’ve Already Had Covid
Can I get reinfected if I’ve already had COVID-19?
Yes. New research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found that unvaccinated adults who were previously infected with COVID-19 were twice as likely to be reinfected as vaccinated adults who were previously infected.
If you are forgoing vaccination because you have already had COVID-19, you are putting yourself and others at risk of contracting the more transmissive and potentially more dangerous Delta variant, said Matthew Ferrari, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics at Penn State.
Ferrari explained that the research team, which examined 246 case patients and 492 control patients, found that antibodies generated by the COVID-19 vaccines provide better neutralization of some circulating virus variants than natural infection.
According to Ferrari, the study found that the type of vaccine the one-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine or the two-dose Pfizer and Moderna vaccines did not affect vaccinated individuals likelihood of being reinfected, nor did partial vaccination of the two-dose vaccines. Being vaccinated, even partially, reduced the risk of reinfection two-fold.
Millions of people, including children and immunocompromised individuals, remain unable to get the COVID-19 vaccine, said Ferrari. You can help to protect these friends, family members and community members by getting the vaccine even if youve already been infected with COVID-19.
Most Scientists Say Patients Gain Some Immunity To The Virus After The First Infection
A sample drawn from a patient at a Covid-19 testing site in Houston on June 28.
Months into the pandemic, the scientific communitys understanding of Covid-19, the illness caused by the new coronavirus, is rapidly evolving. New reports of patients testing positive, or appearing to suffer symptoms months after initial diagnosis, continues to generate concern that people who have had Covid-19 are getting infected anew.
Here is the latest on what we know, and dont know, about the possibility of becoming sick with the virus more than once.
I recently recovered from Covid-19. Does that mean I cant get it again?
Most scientists say that people who have had Covid-19 gain some immunity to the virus that causes it. What they dont know is whether that protection lasts a few months, a few years or a lifetime.
What factors affect immunity?
The immune system wards off infections by producing antibodies that fight invaders. A range of hereditary and environmental factors, including diet and sleep patterns, typically affect the strength and longevity of those defenses.
Immunity also depends on the pathogen. For example, infection by the virus that causes measles confers lifelong immunity. Others, like the influenza virus, can mutate so rapidly that protective antibodies might not recognize them during a reinfection.
How soon would my body produce antibodies to fight the novel coronavirus after an initial infection?
Is there any good news?
How do I know Ive fully recovered?
What We Know About Immunity
Initial evidence suggests people do have some protection after recovering from a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
One report looking at an outbreak that unfolded aboard a fishing vessel found that a few shipmates who had previously tested positive for the new coronavirus antibodies didnt get reinfections.
Another study evaluating 34 people with a COVID-19 diagnosis found that protective antibodies may not last very long and could wane at just 3 months.
Neuman emphasizes that we havent dealt with this coronavirus for long, so scientists are still uncovering what sort of long-term immunity people have.
According to Neuman, immunity to other coronaviruses usually lasts around a year.
Sometimes thats shorter or longer , according to Maldonado.
This is only one case, but it suggests that we should probably look at immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from the perspective of other coronaviruses, with rapidly dropping antibodies and reinfection being common, Neuman said.
Its worth noting this one case study likely cant be applied to the population at large. Its unclear whether reinfection may be a common occurrence or a rare event.
Its very difficult to extrapolate from a case study of one patient that has not been peer reviewed or published in a medical journal, Adalja said.
The amount of white blood cells and antibodies vary greatly in people whove had the disease, so one could assume the length of immunity would vary from person to person, Neuman says.
Does A Coronavirus Infection Provide Protective Immunity
An infection causes the immune system to respond to and recognize the coronavirus. After getting the virus, most people have detectable antibodies, health experts say. Though other arms of the immune system might become involved, studies so far suggest that the key to fighting the virus correlates with the production of antibodies.
Though protection is decent for those who have previously had COVID-19, health experts say it is not as strong as when people get vaccinated.
So thats why there is that recommendation that despite having had COVID before, for full protection the vaccination is the best way to go, said Dr. Lisa Maragakis, senior director for infection prevention at Johns Hopkins.
A prior infection offers protection in the range of 80%, compared to about 95% for the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, said Dr. John Wherry, director of the Institute for Immunology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. That means about 15 to 20 out of every 100 people who have previously had COVID-19 could get reinfected, while 5 out of every 100 people who got an mRNA vaccine might get infected.
Lab studies suggest that protection following a case of COVID-19 begins to wane slightly after about three months, but can last for up to 10 months, although theres a range to that, Wherry said.
What Are The Health Risks Of Getting The Vaccine After An Infection
There have been some exceedingly rare adverse events, including blood clots and myocarditis. But for most of those cases, the patients recovered quickly and showed no evidence of long-term consequences.
Wherry said most of the people who had the rare blood clots and allergic reactions did not previously have COVID-19.
So the risk seems to be at least a little bit lower why that is, Im not sure. It may just be statistics, that we dont have as many previous COVID people getting vaccinated, he said.
If you get the vaccine too close to a COVID-19 infection, an inflammatory response might be provoked that would make you feel pretty sick again. Thats considered a side effect not an adverse event, Wherry said. Though people with no previous COVID infections typically get stronger side effects after the second dose of a vaccine, people who have had previous infections often get side effects after the first dose.
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Is Reinfection From Coronavirus Possible Here Is What Recent Reports Are Suggesting
It seems coronavirus pandemic is going to impact the human population for a very long time. At least, the latest reports of coronavirus patients getting the infection twice, suggest that. Frightening, right? Every other day, we are hearing something new about this novel disease against which the human population has zero immunity.Also Read –
Until now, coronavirus has affected over 1,37,000 people across the globe and has claimed lives of more than 5000. In India, a total of 102 people have got the deadly viral infection, COVID-19. Also Read – It was Just Mild Cold: Lockie Ferguson Glad to be Back Home After Surviving Coronavirus Scare
As per the media reports, in China, the epicentre of coronavirus outbreak, over 100 patients who were earlier declared fully recovered from the infection, later tested positive again. In fact, one of the patients who got the infection twice, died due to the same. The deceased was a 36-year-old man from Wuhan. Also Read – Trending News Today, March 15, 2020: Coronavirus Effect: Italian Man Practices ‘Social Distancing’ By Wearing Giant Cardboard Disc Around His Waist | Watch
Whatever be the case, we must take precautionary measures in order to keep ourselves safe from the coronavirus. Prevention is always better than cure and this holds true especially in this case.
Does Catching The Virus Give Me Immunity
Yes, to a certain extent. When your body is infected with any virus, your immune system responds by creating antibodies to fight the infection. These antibodies stay in your system, and can fight off the infection if it enters your body a second time.
For some people this isnt possible, because they have a disease or are receiving medical treatment that weakens their immune system.
Also Check: How Long Cvs Covid Test Results
Public Health Englands Role In Investigating Reinfection
Public Health England is working with other groups and coordinating different studies and surveillance protocols to investigate whether it is possible for people who have previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection to get infected again. These areas of surveillance and research are described below.
How Long Are You Immune And If You Did Get Covid Again Would It Be As Bad
If reinfection were to happen, the question is also open about how long you might have between the initial infection and getting it again . There’s also the issue of how severe or not Covid-19 would be the second time around.
The short answer is that we still dont know, says Jeffrey Shaman, Ph.D., a professor at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University whose research includes studying infectious disease transmission and outbreaks. Scientists like Dr. Shaman are currently asking big questions about this virus, including is this going to be something like chickenpox that you get once, and then there can be shingles years later, and thats it. Or is it going to be something like seasonal flu, which we get over and over again and were going to have to continually deal with? And then there are concerns about what happens to the virus over time. Does it turn into a common respiratory pathogen which we get all the time but really its not so disruptive that we change the way we do things and we change our economy, or is it going to be something worse?
Reluctant to prognosticate too much, he says Id say I dont know, but if you really pressed me and said choose one, Id say I would be that its going to be milder and less likely to have an individual suffer severe complications upon repeat infections. But I just dont know. There are no guarantees here.
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Reinfections Are Uncommon But Variants May Make Them More Likely
In the first several months of the pandemic, reinfections appeared to be uncommon, though researchers did document a few cases. One of the first confirmed cases in the U.S. was a 25-year-old Nevada man who tested positive for the virus in April 2020 and again in June, according to an article in The Lancet. And last October, five residents of a skilled nursing facility in Kentucky appeared to be reinfected after having contracted the virus in a July outbreak there.
But the rise of variants is making experts worry that reinfections could become more of a concern.
The most alarming evidence of that comes from Brazil, particularly from the city of Manaus. Research suggested that over 70 percent of the Manaus population had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, by the fall of 2020. That was enough to potentially provide community protection or herd immunity, according to Peter Katona, MD, an infectious disease specialist at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA in Los Angeles. Yet in December, infections in the city surged, reportedly overwhelming the health system.
Such an increase in reinfection and serious illness in an area where it was thought there had been enough infection to achieve herd immunity is a nightmare scenario, Katona says.
Arent Antibodies Enough To Protect Me
If youve already had COVID-19, arent the antibodies your body built up to fight the virus enough to protect you in the future?
We dont know how long your immunity will last after youve had a natural COVID-19 infection, says Dr. Englund.
She says recent research focused on how long immunity lasts after having COVID-19 is unclear, and scientists believe it could be up to eight months. But, she clarifies: The study to determine that information included only 200 patients, so theres not a whole lot of data yet. And the best way to ensure youre protected is to get vaccinated.
Dr. Englund notes that for those whove had COVID-19 and have;long haul symptoms;, getting the vaccine seems to help them finally recover from those lasting symptoms.;
If you have long COVID-19 at this point in time, please consider getting the vaccine, Dr. Englund urges. It is not going to make you worse and theres a small chance that it might actually make you feel better.;
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How Much Natural Immunity Do I Have From Being Sick
Prior infection with COVID-19 reduces your chances of getting sick by about 80% after six months, according to a study published in Lancet in March. For people over age 65, the protection is 47%. The same study points to research from the UK that found that natural immunity lasts at least six months after infection.
However, the amount of natural immunity someone has varies person to person, Weissenbach notes. “Every individual is different,” he says. “If you’re dealing with someone who has underlying health conditions or is immunocompromised, the concept of natural immunity can be quite a bit weaker.” Factors like how much immunity a person’s body mounted during the first infection, how much of the virus you were exposed to and the time between COVID-19 infections can all play a role.
In the University of Chicago Medicine Q&A, Pisano said that while it’s possible for someone to have a higher antibody response to COVID-19 after getting sick than they would from getting the vaccine, there isn’t enough data to compare how infection severity or antibody responses affect coronavirus immunity.;
“We don’t have clear data on how antibody responses from a mild infection compare to a severe infection, or how protective those antibody responses are,” Pisano said.
Yes You Should Still Get Vaccinated Even If You’ve Already Had Covid
One of the most common questions Dr. Martinez is getting asked right now is whether vaccination is important for people who’ve had COVID-19.
“At this point, there are just too many unknowns regarding how durable and reliable natural immunity is to feel confident about the protection it may offer. What we can feel more confident about is the vaccine-induced immunity provided by COVID-19 vaccines,” explains Dr. Martinez.
In fact, a recent study found that unvaccinated adults were twice as likely to get reinfected with COVID-19 than those who got vaccinated after they’d recovered from their illness.
“We know that the COVID-19 vaccines provide strong protection;from this devastating virus, and while we don’t know exactly how long this protection will last, the durability of vaccine-induced immunity will continue to be very closely studied in the ongoing COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials,” says Dr. Martinez.
Importantly, it’s unclear how effective natural immunity might be against the COVID-19 variants;currently circulating.
“Experts are already looking at how effective the COVID-19 vaccines are against these variants. So far, it seems that vaccine efficacy is not dramatically reduced for the most prominent variants. We cannot say the same for natural immunity at this point,” adds Dr. Martinez.
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You May Still Be Able To Spread It
Remember, just because you feel fine doesnt mean youre in the clear and reinfection may not present the same as your first bout of COVID-19.
Your previous infection may prevent you from getting sick, but that doesnt necessarily mean that you cant become infected and spread it to others, Dr. Esper says. You might think youre safe because your antibodies are there, but if youre still able to spread it to others for a short period of time, youre still a risk to others.
Why People Are Getting Covid
Were seeing more reinfections now than during the first year of the pandemic, which is not necessarily surprising, Dr. Esper says.
The CDC says cases of COVID-19 reinfection;remain rare but possible. And with statistics and recommendations changing so quickly and so frequently, that rare status could always change, as well.
Dr. Esper breaks down the reasons behind reinfection.
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Orchids And Tulips, Oh My
Delicate pink orchids are boldly embraced by lush, white tulips in this stunning creation. The overflowing composition draws the recipient’s eye upward and to the center, showcasing luxurious florals in an elongated display. Natural stones and green accents complete the memorable arrangement.
In some instances, the florists photo may represent an overall theme or look and include a one-of-a-kind vase which cannot be exactly replicated.
Although the actual bouquet may not precisely match the photo, its temperament will. Occasionally, substitutions of flowers or containers happen due to weather, seasonality and market conditions which may affect availability. If this is the case with the gift you've selected, the local florist will ensure that the style, theme and color scheme of your arrangement is preserved and will only substitute items of equal or higher value.

domain: artistic


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Dizziness is a very common symptom associated with several medical conditions. Dizziness is typically associated with sensations such as feeling unsteady or woozy. It is also one of the most common reasons individuals visit their doctors.
1 What is dizziness?
The signs and symptoms of dizziness may include:
- Vertigo-false sensation that the world is spinning
- Lightheadedness or feeling faint
- Unsteadiness or loss of balance
- A feeling of floating, wooziness or heavy-headedness
Some symptoms may be triggered or made worse by walking, standing up or moving the head.
Some causes of dizziness include:
- Diseases of the heart, such as arrhythmias, heart attack, cardiomyopathy
- High or low blood pressure
- Bleeding disorders that cause anemia
- Diseases affecting the brain, such as stroke, tumor, headaches, migraine, dementia or confusion
- Using certain medications, such as blood pressure medications, antidepressants, sedatives, pain relievers and some antibiotics
- Metabolic disorders, such as dehydration and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
- Psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety and panic disorder
- Endocrine diseases in which hormone producing organs, such as the thyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands are affected
- Allergic reactions which may cause wheezing or low blood pressure, or can trigger sinusitis which can result in dizziness
4 Making a Diagnosis
A physical exam and history of symptoms can also be helpful.
Hearing and balance tests can be also used. They include:
- Eye movement tests-in which a doctor asks a patient to track a moving object . Other eye exams require placing cold and warm water or air in the ear canal.
- Head movement testing ( Dix-Hallpike maneuver)-it is mostly used verify that vertigo is caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
- Posturography, a test to check which parts of the balance system that a patient relies on most. A patient might be asked to stand bare feet on a platform and try to keep balance under different conditions.
- Rotary-chair testing-a test in which a patient is asked to sit in a computer-controlled chair that moves very slowly in a full circle. It moves back and forth in a very small arc at faster speeds.
Other tests may also be carried out to look for other underlying conditions, such as infections.
Most cases of dizziness do not require treatment. The body usually adapts to the cause of dizziness within a few weeks.
Treatments for dizziness that persists includes:
- Medications such water pills for conditions like Meniere's disease, Antihistamines, such as meclizine (Antivert) and anticholinergic, such as scopolamine drugs to reduce dizziness, anti-nausea drugs , anti-anxiety drugs , such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax) and preventive medications for migraine.
- Head position maneuvers, such as canalith repositioning ( or Epley maneuver) to resolve benign paroxysmal positional vertigo more quickly.
- Balance therapy for people with dizziness due to disorders from the inner ear, such as vestibular neuritis.
- Psychotherapy for dizzines caused by anxiety.
Injections ofthe antibiotic gentamicin in the inner ear to disable the balance function. The unaffected ear takes over that function.
A surgical procedure in which the inner ear sense organ is removed. It disables the vistibular apparatus in the affected ear and the opposite ear takes over this function. This treatment is used for patients with serious hearing loss and dizziness that doesn't respond to other treatments.
6 Lifestyle and Coping
There are different ways to adapt your lifestyle in coping with dizziness.
The following tips can help patients to manage the symptoms of dizziness:
- Being aware of the possibility of losing balance, which can lead to falling and serious injury.
- Avoiding moving suddenly or walking with a cane for stability, if needed.
- Fall-proofing the home by removing tripping hazards, such as area rags and electrical cords.
- Sitting or lying down immediately after feeling dizzy.
- Avoid driving a car or operating heavy machines if a person experiences dizziness frequently.
- Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, salt and tobacco
- Eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of fluids.
- Taking of-the-counter medications, such as antihistamines for nausea.
Resting in a cool place and drinking water or a sports drink (Gatorade, Powerade) if dizziness is caused by overheating or dehydration.
7 Risks and Complications
Risk factors for developing dizziness include being an older adult and a history of episodes of dizziness.
Dizziness can increase the risk of falls and injuries. Dizziness can also lead to motor vihecle accidents if it occurs when a person is driving.
Long-term consequences may occur if an underlying disease is causing dizziness.

domain: medical


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Floral Messages on Wood II Blue Posters
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domain: design


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Skip to main content
Stevens County Times
Harvest conditions increase fuel use (with video)
5-year-old shoots 3-year-old in Otter Tail County
MAES students share world knowledge (with video)
Vet finds a place at Veterans Day program
Where and how to buy your turkey from a Minnesota turkey farmer
Vikings shut down Rams’ high-powered attack in key 24-7 win
Sports Schedule for Saturday, Nov. 18
Sports Schedule for Friday, Nov. 17
Basketball: Cougar men drop opener to Cobbers
Basketball: UM-Morris falls in season opener
Martin Bruce Hicks
Robert Belew Holmes
Commentary: 'Honor our Old Glory'
Letter to the editor: Vote yes for children on Nov. 7
Letter to the editor: Support the Morris Area Schools referendum
Ghosts in Stevens County? Editor's column
Stevens County Times Editorial: Abusers count on silence
William Roger Loberg
Abigail Cassandra-Joan Mogler
Khamora Johnay Mary Anderson
Features from the Farm: News from the West Central Research and Outreach Center
Nov. 15 meeting on Farm Rental Agreements in Alexandria
Holloway farmer named American Star Farmer by National FFA
Features from the Farm: UMM students develop application for horticulture gardens
Ag credit counselor, mediator say new lending rules hit hard
July 14, 2009
Annual David F. Day scholarship fishing tournament July 18 at Lake Minnewaska
The annual David F. Day Memorial Scholarship Fishing Tournament is Saturday, July 18, at Lake Minnewaska. The tournament is in honor of Morris native David F. Day, who was killed in Iraq in 2005 while serving with the Morris National Guard. The pre-tournament meeting is at 10 a.m....
July 14, 2009 - 5:07pm
April 10, 2009
Clean Energy events in Morris on Earth Day
Are you interested in current methods of building green homes, or would you like to reduce energy costs in your own home? If so, you are invited to a free, daylong Clean Energy Forum at the Prairie Inn in Morris on April 22, which is Earth Day. The forum features speakers with expertise...
April 10, 2009 - 5:05pm
April 3, 2009
District solves snow day dilemma
Morris Area School District students will spend extra time in school each day beginning April 13. The district school board met Thursday and finalized a plan that will add 21 minutes to each school day to make up for time lost due to class cancellations because of poor weather. Class...
April 3, 2009 - 1:25pm
March 23, 2009
UPDATE: School Board votes to extend school day rather than have classes in June
By Sue Dieter Sun Tribune The school day will be longer, but the school year won't, following a vote by the Morris Area School Board Monday night. The board had voted earlier this year to hold classes on March 20 and April 13 to make up for days lost because of winter weather and...
March 23, 2009 - 9:49pm
February 25, 2009
Westrom, Ingebrigtsen press to move prisoners to Appleton
By Don Davis and James Parthun St. Paul Capitol Bureau ST. PAUL - Some Minnesota legislators want to move more prisoners from state facilities...
February 25, 2009 - 10:08am
February 13, 2009
Elisa Ettesvold and Jeremiah Day were united in marriage September 20, 2008 in the gardens of Jen and Chris Riley's residence. Stevens County...
February 13, 2009 - 12:00am
February 1, 2009
Child care owner in Fargo closes her doors after 21 years
When Jackie Ness was a child development major at North Dakota State University, she did a short internship at Flynn Child Care in north Fargo. After...
February 1, 2009 - 12:00am
December 31, 2008
Happy New Year from the Sun Tribune
The Sun Tribune wishes readers a happy, successful and safe start to 2009. The newspaper's office will be closing for the New Years Day holiday...
December 31, 2008 - 12:00am
December 20, 2008
As much as your kids may love them, snow days mean something else for wildlife forced to make a living outdoors 365 days a year. Blizzard days of snowfall coupled with intense winds make for a challenging time for many wildlife species. Intense cold merely adds to the stress level...
December 20, 2008 - 12:00am
November 12, 2008
Veterans Resource Center's aim is aid
By Tom Larson Sun Tribune On Veterans Day, the best way to honor the military, past and present, is to offer help if it's needed. Now in its...
November 12, 2008 - 12:00am
August 2, 2008
'Miracle Treat Day' benefits thousands like Donnelly boy
By Tom Larson Sun Tribune The words "Children's Miracle Network" might sound like just another charitable non-profit, but it's been a godsend for one Donnelly family. Carter Fults, 4, son of Joe and Jen Fults, is regularly treated by professionals of Gillette Children's Hospital,...
August 2, 2008 - 12:00am
July 26, 2008
Day Scholarship Fishing Contest a success
Two law enforcement students received $2,000 scholarships during the David F. Day Scholarship Fishing Tournament on July 20 at Lake Minnewaska. The fourth-annual tournament marked the third time memorial scholarships were awarded to students.
July 26, 2008 - 12:00am
July 12, 2008
LTD Tour, Day Fishing Tournament July 19-20
It's about honor. It's about remembering. It's also about fun. The third annual LTD Motorcycle Memorial Tour will be held Saturday, July 19. The tour honors three local soldiers who lost their lives on February 21, 2005, in Iraq, namely SGT Jesse Lhotka, 1LT Jason Timmerman, and...
July 12, 2008 - 12:00am
June 18, 2008
'Looking Back' kept Day moving forward
By Tom Larson, Sun Tribune In the mind of Carol Day, the news item from many years ago probably played out as vividly as any on a large movie screen. Two men, in Western Minnesota, engaged in a gun fight on top of a train. It started in Breckenridge and continued on until the scofflaws...
June 18, 2008 - 12:00am
June 7, 2008
Flag Day program at East Side cancelled
A confluence of unfortunate events has led organizers to cancel this year's annual Flag Day Program at East Side Park. The program was scheduled for June 14 and plans to hold an abbreviated program June 12 also fell through. Conflicts involving arrangements for music talent, a master...
June 7, 2008 - 12:00am

domain: news


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Bringing the multicultural communities of Birmingham together to share the joys of cooking and raise awareness of food waste.
It’s not just an environmental cost. Hungry mouths are the most stark examples of food waste.
270k tonnes of the food that goes to waste each year is still edible, and enough for 650 million meals!
And yet 8.4 million people in the UK are struggling to find their next meal.
BrumUnity will bring together young, diverse communities in Birmingham to cook with food that would have otherwise been thrown away and redistribute this back to those who do not have enough to eat.
We want to share the knowledge and joy of cooking together, encourage our young people to engage with excessive food waste and give back to those most in need in our community.
BrumUnity is part of the UpRising Birmingham Environmental Leadership Programme 2017/18.

domain: food


quinta-feira, 20 de novembro de 2014
Europe’s economic future depends on French reforms
The crisis of confidence in the euro – when millions of citizens feared for their savings and virtually the entire economic system was at risk – is over. This is largely due to the tremendous efforts of EU member states, and European institutions in Brussels and Frankfurt that worked well together to avert disaster. That we have mastered this crisis together is undoubtedly a success.
But questions remain. As the EU’s autumn economic forecasts showed, growth prospects remain weak. There is talk of stagnation and a possible risk of a return to the crisis. If we are to avoid this, and really put the threat behind us, we need to chart a credible course in economic and financial policy. Our work on bolstering confidence in the euro must continue. And, to achieve this goal, structural reform will play a critical role.
In this regard, the role of eurozone heavyweights such as France and Germany will be decisive. But so too will be the more immediate question of how strict the European Commission is in addressing the issue of France and its high budget deficit.
Next week the new commission is set to take probably the hardest and most serious decision since taking office this month. It must decide whether Paris should for the third time be granted extra time to bring its budget deficit below the limit of 3 per cent of gross domestic product set out in the stability and growth pact, the rules underpinning the single currency. France last managed to stay beneath that limit in 2009. The commission has twice granted an extension, most recently until 2015.
Yet the autumn official forecasts show even this will not be met. On the contrary: without additional efforts France’s deficit will rise further – to 4.5 per cent of GDP in 2015 and 4.7 per cent the following year. For 2014 it is forecast at 4.4 per cent.
This raises the question of the willingness to act and whether to go further in tackling the deficit; and of how the commission should respond. It would not be credible to extend the deadline without asking for clear, concrete steps in return. France must commit to policy goals that can solve its economic and fiscal problems in the long term.
This should not be seen as a decision taken against France but rather as a measure for, and with, France. It is not just about one country. Without an economically strong France, the eurozone as a whole will not recover.
Paris has already shown a possible way out of this situation. At the EU summit in June, it endorsed recommendations on economic and budgetary policy aimed at, among other things, tackling deficits, reducing labour costs and slashing red tape.
France has taken a number of steps with regard to some of these points but it has not gone far enough. For example, it has introduced a pension reform. Yet as it stands, this reform appears unlikely to meet the objective of ending the deficit in the pension system any time soon. With regard to high labour costs, the government has relied on additional public spending rather than improvements in wage-setting. Similarly, a cut in corporate tax has been announced but is set to take place only in a few years.
This means the biggest, most urgent challenge facing France remains the need to implement deep structural reforms. Only these will increase investment, create jobs and boost growth. Structural reforms are also the best way to rebuild the trust needed to provide the economy with effective credit once more.
For this reason any extension of the deadline by which France must correct its excessive deficit and comply with the stability pact is acceptable only if Paris makes a clear and credible commitment to reform. Yes, some steps have already been taken. But these have been too few and not sufficiently ambitious. More is needed. That is in the interest of France but also of the eurozone as a whole.
Therefore the commission should link any extension of the deadline to concrete, measurable policy steps; and it should also set the timeline for their implementation. The Lisbon treaty that underpins the EU offers ways to do this. We should use these. For the sake of France – and for Europe.
Günther Oettinger, a member of Germany’s Christian Democratic Union, is EU commissioner for the digital economy and society


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In three months the Boulder City Council will hold a study session on Boulder’s homeless issue. Ahead of that, KGNU’s Roz Brown says the city’s Human Relations Commission held a public hearing Monday night where residents voiced their opinions about what’s working and what’s not.
The discussion was about how to best help the homeless in Boulder. But there did not appear to be any homeless people at the meeting, and Darren O’Conner with Boulder Rights Watch suggested it’s because they’re too afraid to speak up.
“You’re going to hear tonight from city staff, that no one has been turned away from the homeless shelter and therefore we have enough beds,” said O’Conner. “I’m here to tell you on behalf of homeless people who are too afraid of retribution from the homeless shelter staff, that people are being turned away.”
In the past year, the Boulder Homeless Shelter, with funding from the city and has begun moving away from emergency services for the homeless and instead adopted a “housing first” strategy. The theory is there’s a better chance of solving the homelessness crisis if long-term help is emphasized over short-term services.
Kelley Hanson now has housing after being homeless for several years. She said she was earning 80-thousand dollars a year at one point, but her life spiraled out of control after her parents died and she was left alone with no siblings or extended family. Now, after experiencing homelessness, she can’t find an employer willing to take a chance on her.
“I have several municipal tickets for camping, trespassing, open container – things I had to do to survive,” said Hanson. “Also failure to appear in court – where was I going to get the money? Then there was community service – you can’t get anywhere to do that without a bus ticket. The point is, now I’m having difficulty getting a job and being a productive citizen.”
Sarah Jane Cohen helps serve food to the homeless at Congregation Har Hashem. But she was not allowed to serve three men who showed up there this week because they had not registered with Path to Home Navigation – Boulder and Boulder County’s new program that again, focuses primarily on housing, not emergency services.
“It’s not O.K. to not feed people, it’s not O.K. to not provide shelter. We are a rich, and I like to think loving, welcoming city and we are not treating these people as we should.”
Longtime Boulder resident and homeless advocate Evan Ravitz pointed out the hypocrisy of Boulder’s well-meaning ideologies.
“The city has an ordinance that requires pet owners to cover their pets when it’s cold,” said Ravitz. “It also has an ordinance that prohibits people from covering themselves when they’re outside and it’s cold. This is beneath contempt. It makes Boulder’s claim to be a sanctuary city, a joke. These people need to be left alone, and allowed to pull a blanket over themselves and set up a tent. The city could establish a campground like dozens of other cities across the country, and then eventually it will become tiny homes. Instead they’re walking around with 50 pounds on their back when they’re fifty-years old looking for a place to lie down where cops aren’t going to kick them at four o’clock in the morning and make them get up.”
Boulder City Council will examine how successful efforts to coordinate services for the homeless have been at a study session in February.

domain: sociology


Full Titanium Exhaust Install on 996TT
I guess you could call this car a sleeper even though the 996TT isn’t exactly a wolf in sheep’s clothing. I think we all know that distinctive wide-body that lets you know what you’re up against. There’s no denying this car is fast even before its fitted with the VR800 kit and the Full Titanium AP exhaust for the 996TT. The exhaust note just gives you a taste of the unadulterated power. With a set of AP GT2 Style wheels and that altered exhaust note it gives it that, ” I’m slightly modified.” look and sound but we know the truth.
Underneath you can see all the Porsche has been hiding
The exhaust will ship blue wrapped in order to protect the Titanium finish nobody want to open up there new exhaust to a scratched up hunk of metal
The fit an finish of this product is second to none


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Ask The Vet Videos
The videos in the above series answer the following questions and more:
- Is mouse and rat poison dangerous for dogs?
- Are grapes poisonous to dogs?
- My cat just ate a lily. What should I do?
Pet Poison Helpline’s Dr. Justine Lee and Veterinary Pet Insurance discuss potential dangers to your cat or dog. These very informative videos go over the dangers that could be lurking in your kitchen, medicine cabinet, garden or handbag. We discuss poisonous plants, handbag hazards kitchen dangers, garden dangers, human medications and more.

domain: biology


You asked, we listened! Easy Blog Networks now supports sharing access to your blogs without giving access to your entire EBN account. Whether it’s for a co-worker, a developer, a contractor, or a VA, you have control over which blogs they will have access to and for how long.
Collaborator API Key
This entire feature was made possible by creating collaborator keys. Where there used to be one Master key (the one on your Accounts page), you can now create and manage multiple collaborator API keys.
The API keys do not provide passwords to the user and can be easily revoked to prevent future access.
To create a key, go to the Collaborator API Keys in the Settings. Generate a key and select which blog network/s it should have access to. The key is automatically generated and you can forward it to your collaborator.
How does this work?
We utilized the EBN Blog Login Extension and just kicked things up a notch. There is now nuance – you can either use the master API key to access the entire EBN account blog list or enter the collaborator key for a more restricted access.
Install the browser extension. Click on the Add Collaborator API Key then enter the EBN login email along with the Collaborator API key. Currently, the collaborator access is only supported on Chrome browser but this will soon be available on the Firefox browser extension as well.


Find your future in industrial mechanics, the fast-growing discipline in the manufacturing industry. Not only has this mechanic by no means been put into a pinball machine since, but when an Addams Family machine is used for competitors, the magnet is bodily removed from the machine. You too can research through the internet about native auto mechanic shops about charging charges.
After you have gotten a recommendation for a mechanic to handle your auto restore wants, it is critical so that you can look for a second opinion on your Mercedes-Benz. The target is a mechanic for an additional agency named Burke, who frequents the identical espresso shop.
To deal with extra intensive repair jobs, mechanics may have to interchange or overhaul main techniques or components of the vehicle. The first quality that you should look for in your mechanic is their willingness to communicate with you. Mic Mechanic 2 additionally allows you to set the tempo through the footswitch, so it is as easy as tapping your foot in time with the music.
The second thing that you must do when on the lookout for a Mercedes-Benz mechanic to in your auto repair and providers needs is to ask someone trustworthy for a advice. Wip3out was the worst offender since virtually nothing did any noticable damage apart from Power Drain and Plasma Bolt, both a one-hit kill.
Starting an auto mechanic store enterprise from home is ideal for people who have the skills. Some included a not-mentioned-alternative-strategy to unlock them earlier, while some lacked it. The worst offender of this mechanic are the notorious Yam Seeds. Students that have efficiently completed Heavy Obligation Mechanic Basis or Diesel Engine Technician Basis packages will start apprenticeship coaching at Level 1 of the brand new mannequin.


The Galaxy S5 is undoubtedly going to be one of the top devices on the market this year and we may have our first bunch of confirmed specs for the device. The information comes courtesy of SamMobile, an incredibly reputable source for all Samsung news, but as with all of this type of information take it with a grain of salt. Now back to the good stuff!
According to SamMobile, the Galaxy S5 will indeed come with a 5.25″ 2560×1440 resolution AMOLED display as previously rumoured. A 16MP camera is said to be the main shooter on the device but it is still unconfirmed whether or not Samsung’s camera will have hardware Optical Image Stabilization. As with previous Galaxy S models, two processor will be utilized. Samsung’s own Exynos 6 processor will be used on some devices while the recently announced Snapdragon 805 will power the rest. Historically, the Exynos chips were used in non-LTE devices while Qualcomm’s chip powered the LTE variants; however, Samsung has stated that their Exynos chips no longer have any issues supporting LTE so it’ll be interesting to see how they decide for each market.
One possibility is that Samsung will divide the chips based on the build materials of the device. That’s right, Samsung is expected to launch two different models with different build materials; one will be made out of plastic while the other will utilize metal! Price wise, the metal version is said to cost 800 Euros while the plastic variant will cost 650 Euros. I’m rather curious to know how they plan on marketing this duo as it’ll likely bring about some confusion. Previous rumours indicated that Samsung may create an entirely new Galaxy line dedicated to these premium devices, so that’s one possibility.
In addition to these two variants of the S5, Samsung is also said to be working on a S5 Zoom and a S5 Mini. The S5 Mini really isn’t a surprise at all. Hopefully they take a page out of Sony’s books this time around and offer a premium compact device rather than a paired down version of the phone. The S5 Zoom is a bit more a surprise as the S4 Zoom didn’t seem to be very well received. Perhaps they’ve got some tricks up their sleeves to really make this a more viable option though.
In terms of dates, SamMobile did have some potential dates to share with us. For the S5, we should expect an announcement in March with an April launch. The S5 Zoom will be next with a May announcement date and the S5 Mini will follow in June.
Despite SamMobile’s good track record, I will still say that this information should be taken with a grain of salt. Nothing is ever confirmed until its confirmed but this news is pretty exciting nonetheless!


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Apozol Jalisco: A Hidden Gem for Romantic Getaways
Are you tired of the same old dating routine? Looking for a unique and romantic destination to spark a new flame? Look no further than Apozol Jalisco, a charming town nestled in the heart of Mexico. With its picturesque landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich history, Apozol Jalisco offers the perfect backdrop for an unforgettable romantic getaway.
The Enchanting Beauty of Apozol Jalisco
Apozol Jalisco is located in the state of Jalisco, known for its natural beauty and diversity. The town is surrounded by breathtaking mountains, rolling hills, and lush green valleys. It is a place where tranquility seeps through every corner, making it an ideal destination for couples seeking a peaceful retreat away from the hustle and bustle of city life.
One of the town's most captivating features is its natural springs and waterfalls. The crystal-clear waters and stunning cascades create a mesmerizing ambiance that is sure to sweep you off your feet. Imagine taking a romantic stroll hand in hand with your loved one, as the sound of water gently flows in the background.
Immerse Yourself in Local Culture
When it comes to immersing yourself in the local culture, Apozol Jalisco has so much to offer. The town is renowned for its colorful festivals and traditional celebrations that take place throughout the year. From lively music performances to vibrant parades, these festivities provide the perfect opportunity to connect with your partner and experience the true essence of Mexican culture.
Don't miss the chance to indulge in the flavorful local cuisine. Apozol Jalisco is known for its traditional dishes, such as birria and tortas ahogadas, which will tantalize your taste buds and leave you craving for more. You can also visit the local market, where you'll find an array of fresh and aromatic ingredients to prepare a romantic dinner together.
Exploring Apozol Jalisco: An Adventure for Two
If you and your partner are adventure enthusiasts, prepare for an exciting time in Apozol Jalisco. The region offers numerous opportunities for outdoor activities that will bring you closer together. Embark on a hiking expedition, as you traverse the picturesque trails and discover hidden gems along the way.
Apozol Jalisco is also home to several archaeological sites, where you can explore ancient ruins and learn about the town's intriguing history. Imagine holding hands as you uncover ancient artifacts and unravel secrets from the past.
Unwind and Relax
After a day filled with adventure or exploration, unwind and relax with your partner in one of the town's luxurious resorts or charming bed and breakfasts. These accommodations provide a perfect sanctuary for couples, offering cozy rooms and breathtaking views.
A romantic evening stroll through the town's quaint streets is also a must. The warm glow of street lamps, the aroma of fresh flowers, and the sound of distant laughter will create an enchanting atmosphere that will surely ignite the spark between you and your loved one.
Apozol Jalisco is a hidden gem that encapsulates the essence of romance, adventure, and cultural immersion. From its breathtaking natural landscapes to its vibrant local culture, this charming town offers the perfect getaway for couples seeking a unique and memorable dating experience. So, if you're ready to embark on an unforgettable journey with your partner, Apozol Jalisco awaits with open arms.

domain: geography


Trusted IT Roadmapping Consultants
Does your company have an IT roadmap? Are you technologically well-equipped to boost your business forward in the digital era? Unfortunately, many small businesses and organizations still undervalue the importance of mapping out the technology they’re using at their workplace.
IT road mapping is a process that essentially involves creating a standard architecture that helps businesses develop and integrate a strategic-level plan for future technology processes, such as cloud and email migration, IT infrastructure overhaul, or network security optimization, etc.


text: Furthermore, treatment of FTC-133R cells with VPL (1 M), a typical P-gp inhibitor, induced a substantial boost of Dox cytotoxicity. which created a level of resistance against Dox-induced apoptosis. Cell viability was examined by Uptiblue assay, nuclear Dox was assessed by microspectrofluorimetry, caspase activity was assessed by fluorescence of cleaved caspase-3 substrate, gene manifestation was examined by RT-PCR and proteins manifestation was analyzed by western-blot. Our outcomes showed that FTC-133R overexpressed the were and P-gp 15-fold resistant to Dox. JNK phosphorylation and Dox-induced apoptosis had been low in FTC-133R cells. Manifestation of Compact disc47 was improved in FTC-133R cells but TSP-1 manifestation presented similar amounts in two cell lines. VPL restored Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) Dox nuclear uptake and FTC-133R cell level of sensitivity to apoptosis and induced a reduction in Compact disc47 mRNA manifestation. Furthermore, knockdown of Compact disc47 in FTC-133R cells induced a rise in JNK activation and sensitized FTC-133R cells to Dox. Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) Our data claim that Compact disc47 can donate to the safety of FTC-133R cells against Dox-induced apoptosis and/or to potentiate the obtained Dox level of resistance. gene (6,?7). The ABC protein transportation the anticancer medicines towards the?extracellular moderate so resulting in a loss of drug concentration in the prospective cell nucleus. Such system of level of resistance is called Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR). Several strategies have been developed to overcome this MDR, particularly by using small molecules able to inhibit ABC protein transport activity (8, 9). The first inhibitor described as able to inhibit P-gp and to restore sensitivity to anticancer drug is the Ca2+ channel inhibitor verapamil (VPL) (10C13). However, the tumor cell escape from the drug cytotoxic effects can also involve a resistance. Various factors present in the tumor cell microenvironment contribute to the development of this resistance (14, 15). On the one hand, interstitial proteins of the stroma, such as collagen and fibronectin, have been identified as adhesive factors able to induce resistance to chemotherapy by interacting with specific receptors and inducing survival signaling pathways (16C18). On the other hand, stromal soluble factors can also affect cancer cell survival. This is the case for TGF1 which sensitize ovarian carcinoma cells to paclitaxel (19). Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is able to sensitize prostate carcinoma cells to the cytotoxic effect of taxol its conversation with the CD47 receptor (20). In previous works, we have reported that TSP-1 induced FTC-133 thyroid carcinoma cell security and success against apoptosis. Actually, camptothecin and doxorubicin (Dox), which inhibit topoisomerases I and II respectively, induced apoptosis in FTC-133 cells through the formation of ceramides (21). We’ve demonstrated that both medications turned on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/Activating transcription aspect-2 (JNK/ATF-2) pathway to induce apoptosis through a synthesis of ceramide (22). This apoptosis was along with a loss of TSP-1 appearance. Addition of exogenous TSP-1 secured cells against drug-induced apoptosis (23). Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic function of TSP-1 requires its C-terminus component which interacts using the Compact disc47 membrane Mouse monoclonal to CD8/CD38 (FITC/PE) receptor Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) (23, 24). In today’s research, we have looked into how TSP-1/Compact disc47 relationship can modulate the phenotype MDR. To be able to perform this scholarly research, we set up a Dox-resistant FTC-133 cell range (FTC-133R cell) by stepwise raising drug focus. We demonstrated that FTC-133R cells are seen as a an overexpression from the P-gp and a rise of Compact disc47 membrane receptor and create a level of resistance to Dox-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Dox nuclear deposition and stopping JNK pathway activation. The P-gp overexpression and TSP-1/CD47 conversation contributed to the development Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) of this resistance. In fact, inhibition of P-gp function by VPL reduced CD47 and TSP-1 expression and sensitized FTC-133R cell to Dox-induced apoptosis by activating JNK pathway. Moreover, inhibition of CD47 expression by small interfering RNA (SiRNA) bypassed P-gp-induced resistance and restored the drug cytotoxicity by activating JNK pathway in FTC-133R cells. These data confirmed that this tumor microenvironment was a key player in the development of chemoresistance, thereby influencing the development of acquired resistance. It is therefore possible to sensitize FTC-133R to chemotherapeutic treatment-induced apoptosis by acting directly on extracellular matrix components or by activating intracellular JNK pathway. Materials and Methods Materials FTC-133 is usually a human follicular thyroid carcinoma derived cell line (ECACC94060901) obtained from a lymph node metastasis. Dox was obtained Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) from Farmitalia (Italy). FTC-133R cells were selected from FTC-133 parental cells by stepwise increase of Dox concentration (from 10 to 400 nM) according to protocol of Chen et al. (25) altered. For the development FTC-133R, FTC-133.

domain: literature


All hands on deck
Surprise boat parade on Sunset Lake celebrates Russell Bourgeois's 94th birthday
ASHBURNHAM — In these days of social distancing it is hard to celebrate milestones that make a memorable impression. Russell Bourgeois’s neighbors found a way and celebrated their friend’s 94th birthday with a surprise boat parade on Sunset Lake that made him proclaim it was the best birthday ever.
Bourgeois’s neighbor, Barbara Hallowell, came up with the idea for the festive show.
Hallowell said, “Russell is a good friend and neighbor, and he kept saying, ‘I’m turning 94,’ and I thought that ‘we’ve really got to celebrate 94.”” Hallowell also said that knew all the neighbors would like to get involved.
“I thought of the boat parade because he used to be Pirate Pete (a character he created for his trained bird act) and lead all the parades we had in the past. He was pretty proud of that,” she said.
Hallowell said the idea was especially inviting because the boaters could respect the social distancing protocol and still have fun. She passed the word around and the response was gratifying.
“Everybody knew him (Bourgeois), and I think everybody needed it. They needed to do it,” she said. “No one hesitated, and when I went out there, there had to be 25 boats.”
It certainly was positive and festive, something people needed to do after being shut in for so long. Hallowell described a scene of boats coming from every direction. She led the parade past Bourgeois on the dock, and at the end, came back to pick him up with his daughter, Dianne Bourgeois, to take them for a ride.
Bourgeois commandeered the same pontoon he owned for 18 years before he sold it to Hallowell and her friends. The boat still bears the name “Mary Ann” after his own beloved late wife.
His daughter said the boat parade was a surprise and that her dad exclaimed multiple times that he was “overwhelmed” and “flabbergasted” as he stood on the end of his boat dock waving to each of the boats as they passed.
“This is the best birthday I have ever had,” said Bourgeois later in a phone interview.
All 25 boats with friends and neighbors wished him a happy birthday.
Some of the parade participants wore pirate hats to honor Bourgeois’s character, Pirate Pete, and some had pirate music playing as they floated past the dock where Bourgeois stood. A few of the kids yelled “Happy Birthday Pirate Pete.”
Bourgeois has a long history of making people happy. He was an entertainer and he and his bird act went under the stage name of “Russ Burgess and his Trained Birds.” They appeared on “The Ed Sullivan Show” and the original “Captain Kangaroo,” “Rex Trailer” and other television shows from the 1960s and 1970s.
When he celebrated his 90th birthday, Bourgeois explained that making it onto “The Ed Sullivan Show” in 1948 was a mark of success, but more people remembered him from his time on “Captain Kangaroo” in 1955 and later “Rex Trailer” in 1955.
After Bourgeois retired the bird act, he became a successful speaker who gave lectures and demonstrations on extra sensory perception (ESP) and hypnotism. He retired at 81, but he enjoyed his time with friends and family on Sunset Lake.


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Sandbox shooters and action games were never the same again – here’s what DMA Design brought to the genre
Tag Archives: Grand Theft Auto
We may take it for granted today, but the last two generations have seen open worlds evolve from a lofty dream to a thing of beauty. With games like The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt and Watch Dogs on the near horizon, pushing the boundaries on what we expect from open worlds, we look back at ten of the best environments to play and explore in.
Great Britain: home of ASBOs, Mr. Blobby and knife crime. It’s also the birthplace of the ZX Spectrum, the open-world game, and questionably large-chested treasure hunters. There is little question that Britain has firmly established itself as one of the leading creative and influential voices in the videogames industry today. Here, for your pleasure, are the top ten games ever produced in the UK.

domain: hobby


Cyber Monday 2017: everything you need to know about this year’s deals
The bonanza day of bargains now commonly known as Cyber Monday marks the end of the year's biggest shopping weekend, kicking off with the US Thanksgiving holiday then moving into Black Friday: once the family celebrations are ended, waves of eager shoppers hit the high street, ready to seek out the best bargains.
The term "Cyber Monday" was coined more than a decade ago to encourage people to do more shopping online – web retailers offered more discounts, shoppers picked up more stuff, and the cycle has continued to get where we are today.
Last year was another record-breaker, according to the stats: the $ 3.45 billion that users spent online on Cyber Monday 2016…
TechRadar – Latest computing news


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- Can Employers Discriminate Against Employees Based on Sexual Orientation? No, According to this Key Court
- Ex-General Counsel Dodged Privilege Claims Before $14.5 Million Verdict (pt 2)
- How Did This Ex-General Counsel Win $14.5 Million From His Former Employer? (pt 1)
- Beware the Deadlock: Delaware Courts Step in on Corporate Dysfunction
- Insider Trading and Related Risks for Executive Branch Employees: Pay Attention to the STOCK Act
- From New York and Delaware Courts, a Double Blow of Bad News for Sergey Aleynikov
- Headed for Overtime? Trump Administration Will Decide Fate of New Time-and-a-Half Rule
- A Closer Look at the New Lawsuit By Baylor Football Coach Art Briles
- Can an Employer Back out of a Promise to Provide Advancement by Claiming That the Employee Committed Fraud?
- Suits by Suits Named to Blawg 100
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Blogs We Like:
The AmLaw Daily
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DeNovo: A Virginia Appellate Law Blog
The Employer Handbook
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Screw You Guys, I’m Going Home: What You Need To Know Before You Scream “I Quit,” Get Fired, Or Decide to Sue the Bastards
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Showing 7 posts from September 2014.
Most law students spend several weeks in a first-year contracts class studying the concept of consideration. Consideration, in essence, is what a contracting party receives in exchange for promising to do something. A promise without consideration is not an enforceable contract. If A promises to wash B’s car next Tuesday and fails to do so, B cannot sue A on Wednesday, because A’s promise lacked consideration. But if A promises to wash B’s car and B promises to give A $20, or $1, or a glass of water, the promise is enforceable and B can sue if A fails to perform. Courts generally do not examine the adequacy of consideration, only its existence.
Because consideration can be minimal, many lawyers forget about it after that first year of law school. But it remains a necessary element of most contracts, and it recently arose in a peculiar way in a Connecticut case involving a dispute over an employment contract. See Thoma v. Oxford Performance Materials, Inc., 153 Conn. App. 50 (2014).
The plaintiff in the case, Lynne Thoma, was an employee of a manufacturing company. During her employment the company obtained new financing, and the investor insisted that Ms. Thoma enter into an employment agreement. This “first agreement” gave Ms. Thoma a fixed salary plus benefits for a 24-month period with automatic 12-month renewals. The company could fire her without cause on 60 days’ notice, but it would then be obligated to pay her salary for the remainder of the term plus six months. The first agreement also included a noncompete provision for the period of Ms. Thoma’s employment plus six months thereafter.
The company almost immediately decided it did not like certain terms of the first agreement and it required Ms. Thoma to enter a second agreement, which by its terms stated that it superseded any prior agreements. The second agreement did not discuss salary or severance, but it expressly stated that Ms. Thoma was an at-will employee. It also included a noncompete provision with apparently inconsistent terms: one section stated that she would not compete “during the period of her employment” and the other said that if she was terminated she would “continue to comply” with the noncompete provision.
The company fired Ms. Thoma about 16 months after the parties executed these agreements. Ms. Thoma sued, claiming that the company breached the first agreement by firing her without notice before her term ended and by failing to pay severance. The company claimed that the second agreement allowed it to fire her without notice at any time and did not require severance payments. But the trial court found, and the appellate court agreed, that the second agreement was not enforceable because it lacked consideration. Read More ›
If executives lie and fudge credentials on their resumes, they may find their pantsuits on fire when falsehoods are discovered. For example, the Wall Street Journal recently reported that David Tovar, a top Wal-Mart spokesperson, was terminated recently when a bogus credential was discovered through the company’s promotion-vetting process. According to the Journal, liars and resume-fakers should beware of embellishing their credentials given the increased digitization of transcripts and diplomas. A company named Parchment, for example, houses these credentials in a secure database, allowing employers and employees to substantiate resume claims. Additionally, Pearson PLC has developed a digital platform whereby recipients of licenses and certifications can post “badges” to their profiles on websites like LinkedIn. It’s all in an effort to keep everyone honest, especially those who need a little nudging in that direction.
The University of Detroit Mercy’s Titans athletic department has seen its share of controversy stemming from a lawsuit filed by former assistant basketball coach, Carlos Briggs. According to The Varsity News, Briggs claimed he was terminated for blowing the whistle on an affair between the athletic director and another assistant coach. A federal judge dismissed the case, asserting that no recognized cause of action arose from his colleagues’ extramarital relationship. Briggs is appealing with the hopes that an oral argument on the merits will give weight to his claims. Read More ›
On September 22, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced its largest award to date under its whistleblower program: $30 million. The SEC said that the whistleblower, who lives in a foreign country, came to it with valuable information about a “difficult to detect” fraud.
In the order determining the award (which is heavily redacted to protect the identity of the whistleblower), the SEC commented that the claimant’s “delay in reporting the violations” was “unreasonable.” In arguing for a higher bounty, the claimant contended that he or she was “uncertain whether the Commission would in fact take action.” This argument, however, didn’t support a “lengthy reporting delay while investors continued to suffer losses.” Read More ›
Every once in a while published legal opinions and pop culture intersect in such a cheeky, unexpected way as to cause minor ripples in the otherwise relatively calm waters of legal writing and reporting. In what some have described as the footnote of the year according to Business Insider, a Texas Supreme Court Justice gave a wink and nod to a Coen Brothers’ favorite, The Big Lebowski, in a recent opinion. The events in the underlying case might not have been as convoluted as The Big Lebowski’s plot, but it is worth noting. The appellant, Robert Kinney, was a legal recruiter for BCG Attorney Search until 2004 when he left to create his own firm. Some years later, Andrew Barnes, President of BCG, claimed that Kinney engaged in a kickback scheme while an employee of BCG. Kinney then sued Barnes, accusing him of defamation and asking for permanent injunctive relief. The trial court granted (and the appeals court affirmed) summary judgment, agreeing with Barnes that a permanent injunction would constitute impermissible prior restraint of free speech. Now in the hands of the Texas Supreme Court and Justice Debra Lehrmann, the high court ultimately agreed with the finding. As Justice Lehrmann dove into First Amendment law and jurisprudence in the opinion, she noted: Read More ›
Last week, we covered the Third Circuit’s decision that Goldman Sachs bylaws didn’t clearly establish a vice president’s right to advancement of his legal fees for his criminal travails. The vice president, software programmer Sergey Aleynikov, isn’t giving up easily, however.
Law360 reports that Aleynikov has filed a petition for panel rehearing or rehearing en banc. In the federal appellate courts, this is a step that parties can take when they disagree with the decision of the three-judge panel that heard their case. In a panel rehearing, the panel can revisit and vacate its original decision; in a rehearing en banc, the entire Third Circuit could consider the issue.
Aleynikov contends in his petition that the panel misapplied a doctrine of contractual interpretation called contra proferentem. In plain English, contra proferentem means that a court will read the written words of a contract against the party that drafted it. The panel in Aleynikov’s case disagreed as to whether under Delaware law (which governs his dispute), the doctrine can be used to determine whether a person has any rights under a contract. The two-judge majority said that it can’t, and therefore refused to use the doctrine when it decided whether Aleynikov – as a Goldman vice-president – fell within the definition of an “officer” entitled to advancement under the company’s bylaws. In dissent, Judge Fuentes asserted that “Delaware has never suggested that there is an exception to its contra proferentem rule where the ambiguity concerns whether a plaintiff is a party to or beneficiary of a contract.”
In his petition, Aleynikov asks the whole Third Circuit to decide who is right: Judge Fuentes or the majority. He also cites additional Delaware cases that he says support his position, including one “unreported case” that was brought to his counsel’s attention “unbidden by a member of the Delaware bar who read an article commenting on the panel’s decision in The New York Times on Sunday, September 7, 2014.” Sometimes, to establish a right to advancement rights, it takes a village.
The court of public opinion giveth, and taketh away. You may recall that we reported on the reinstatement of Arthur T. Demoulis as Market Basket’s CEO, following weeks of customer and employee advocacy for the chief. Public opinion, in the case of Desmond Hague, cut the other way in unrelenting fashion. Mr. Hague, president and chief executive of Centerplate, a catering company servicing sports and entertainment venues, was captured on video kicking and abusing an otherwise docile Doberman Pinscher puppy. The Washington Post reports that when the footage made its way to the SPCA of British Columbia, it quickly went viral and users of social media demanded his resignation. Initially, Centerplate dismissed the incident as a personal matter. As media attention increased, Centerplate announced that Mr. Hague would undergo counseling and community service. The masses remained unimpressed, and as the pressure mounted, Mr. Hague was ultimately removed from his position. Given the power of social media, it appears that the court of public opinion has rendered its verdict.
The National Law Review, citing the recent lawsuit filed by TrialGraphix Inc. against its competitor FTI Consulting, Inc. in the New York Supreme Court, offered helpful tips to employers on both sides of the battle over poached employees. In this case, four high-ranking employees conspicuously left TrialGraphix for FTI Consulting. As in similar suits filed by Booz Allen and Arthur J Gallagher Co. (which we discussed here), claims of corporate poaching usually involve claims of trade secret theft and interference with client business relationships. The article highlights the importance of clearly-worded, reasonably-framed restrictive covenant agreements, safeguarding data upon the employee’s departure, and requiring employees to formally acknowledge the return of all company proprietary information and devices. Similarly, employers seeking to hire these employees should review any non-compete agreements to ensure compliance while also requiring the employee to refrain from using the previous employer’s confidential information or trade secrets. Non-disparagement agreements can also go a long way to prevent ill will between the old and the new employers. Read More ›
An Officer or a Vice President: Goldman Sachs Programmer Must Prove Advancement Case to Jury After Appellate Ruling
The case of Sergey Aleynikov, a former vice president at Goldman Sachs, has drawn a lot of media attention, including these prior posts here at Suits by Suits. Aleynikov was arrested and jailed for allegedly taking programming code from Goldman Sachs that he had helped create at the firm. His story even inspired parts of Michael Lewis’s book Flash Boys. A federal jury convicted him of economic espionage and theft, but the Second Circuit reversed his conviction, holding that his conduct did not violate federal law. Now, Aleynikov is under indictment by a state grand jury in New York.
Unsurprisingly, Aleynikov wants someone else to pay his legal bills – Goldman Sachs. And it is no surprise that Goldman, which accused him of stealing and had him arrested, doesn’t want to bear the cost of his defense. In 2012, Aleynikov sued Goldman in New Jersey federal court for indemnification and advancement of his legal fees, along with his “fees on fees” for the lawsuit to enforce his claimed right to fees. As we discussed in this post, indemnification means reimbursing fees after they are incurred, and advancement means paying the fees in advance. Advancement is particularly important for those employees who cannot float an expensive legal defense on their own dime. Read More ›

domain: law


Star Swansea City signing Renato Sanches will not be allowed to wear the number 85 shirt after an intervention by the Premier League.
Euro 2016 winner Sanches joined Swansea on a season-long loan deal from Bayern Munich on deadline day, delighting fans of Paul Clement’s side.
The 20-year-old had been announced as the club’s number 85, which was the same number he wore at old club Benfica and would have been the English top-flight’s highest number in history.
But instead he will wear 35, the same as he had at Bayern last season, after the Premier League enforced a rule.
Swansea wrote on Twitter: “The Premier League reject the number 85 for Renato Sanches. He will now wear 35 for the Swans this season.
“The Premier League rule that squad numbers must be consecutive and close to the current highest number.”
The Welsh club then joked: “We’re still going ahead with the transfer!”
Sanches had been linked to a host of Europe’s top clubs in the transfer window as he looks to re-build his career after a poor first year with Bayern.
After joining Carlo Ancelotti’s men for an initial €35million fee that could reach €80m if all add-ons are achieved, he only started six Bundesliga matches in 2016-17.
Prior to his move, he was named Young Player of the Tournament when Portugal won the Euros last year.


With the exploration and innovation of company people, gradually formed four major advantageous products: steel plate, steel pipe, stainless steel, special steel.
S275JR grade steel is a readily weldable low carbon manganese steel with good impact resistance. This material is commonly supplied in the untreated or normalised condition. Machinability of this material is similar to that of mild steel.
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S275JR steel plate, under EN10025(93) standard S275JR steel plate, under EN10025(93) standard,we can regard S275JR steel plate as Carbon and low alloy steel. BEBON is S275JR steel supplier,we can offer High quality steel plate,and pretreatment of the advanced equipment.If you are interested in S275JR steel,please contact us.
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S275JR Steel Grade, Mechanical Properties, Chemical Composition, Grade Equivalent Standard: EN 10025-2:2004, European standard for hot-rolled structural steel. Part 2 - Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels.
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West Yorkshire Steel are suppliers of S275 steel plate. S275 is an unalloyed low carbon mild steel grade supplied as hot rolled. As a low carbon steel specifications S275 provides low strength with good machinability and is suitable for welding.
S355, S355JR, S355J2, S355J2+N steel in plate, round bar, flat bar and blocks. S355 steel is a low carbon steel whose specifications offer high yield strength. The average minimum yield for S355 steel is 355 N/mm giving its name: S355. BS EN 10025 S275 & S275JR supercedes BS4360 43A and 43B.
5mm (0.5cm) thick mild steel S275JR sheet plate profiles blanks precision cut to size as required 17.61 25mm (2.5cm) (1") thick mild steel S275JR sheet plate profiles blanks precision cut to size as required
EN 10025 S275JR steel equivalent grade: S275JR steel plate/sheet is in EN 10025 standard, the material number is 1.0044. The equivalent grades of S275JR steel are DIN 17100 St 44-2, NFA 35-501 E 28-2, UNI 7070 Fe 430 B, BS 4360 43 B, UNE 36.080 AE 275 B, ASTM A 283 D - A 36, JIS G3101 SS 400.
There are 1,532 s275jr carbon steel plate suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of s275jr carbon steel plate respectively. S275jr carbon steel plate products are most popular in Southeast Asia, Eastern Asia, and North America.
This page is mainly introduced the S275JR Datasheet, including chemical information,mechanical properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, heat treatment, and Micro structure, etc. It also contains the use of S275JR,such as it is commonly used in bars, sheet,plates, steel coils, steel pipes,forged and other materials application.
The following tables give an indication of the percentage increase in material cost relative to S275 JR. Steel Grade % Extra Steel Grade % Extra S275 JR 0 S355 JR 3 % S275 J0 3.5 % S355 J0 4 % S275 J2 4 % S355 J2 10 % In very general terms, JR steel material is most readily available from stock and mill.
Non-alloy quality structural steel Chemical composition of steel S275JR (1.0044), Standards of steel S275JR (1.0044) Mechanical Properties of steel S275JR (1.0044) Equivalent grades of steel S275JR (1.0044)
Anyang General International Co.,Ltd(AGICO)-with more than 15 years of experience, has grown into a first class steel plate and pipe supplier and exporter which sells high quality steel products to customers all over the world.
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S335JR - an useful structural grade steel with a minimum yield strength of 355 N/mm. S355 being widely used in the structural engineering and construction industries, S355 offers high yield and tensile strength and is supplied with a variety of treatments and test options to ensure that it is a highly usable steel in your various projects.
Plate Rolling, All Thickness, K-Factor 0.5 best steel plate s275jr I have created a gauge table for this (attached). It should be used for Hot Rolled Mild Steel such as S275JR, S355JR best steel plate s275jr
Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: APA. Gilbert, Nick. (2019, August 19). Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Common Applications.
S355JR steel plate latest price S355JR is a kind of non-alloy structure steel in the standard BS EN10025-2 .BS EN10025-2 series steel grades include :S235JR(J0,J2),S275JR(J0,J2),S355JR(J0,J2,K2),S450J0.
S275JR is a category of steel used as a construction material for making structural steel. Requirements for S275JR plates have high tolerances, dimensions. These plates can also be crushed and used as aggregate in future concrete applications.
S275J0 Steel Grade, Mechanical Properties, Chemical Composition, Grade Equivalent Standard: EN 10025-2:2004, European standard for hot-rolled structural steel. Part 2 - Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels.
S275 S275JR Steel S275 steel stockholders and suppliers, delivering to the whole of the UK. West Yorkshire Steel are suppliers of S275 steel plate. S275 is an unalloyed low carbon mild steel grade supplied as hot rolled. As a low carbon steel specifications S275 provides low strength with good machinability and is suitable for welding.
Could you please give me the equivalent ASTM material for EN S275JR with reference code document. best steel plate s275jr 360 B [ ISO 630 1995 ]plates&bars = best steel plate s275jr using the steel supplied best steel plate s275jr
Carbon Steel Plate Stock Aakash Steel is a full line manufacturer and supplier of carbon steel plate such as Structural Steel Plates, High Tensile Steel Plates, High Yield Steel Plates, Boiler Quality Plates, Pressure Vessel Steel Plates and Medium Carbon Steel Plate. We can supply cut to size carbon steel plate, with both narrow and wide widths.
The designation systems used in the new standards are similar but not identical to EN 10025 : 1993 and very different to the familiar BS 4360 designations, so the guide below has been prepared to assist purchasers, specifiers, designers and users of steel.
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RetailGraph is a retail, wholesale and distribution management solution designed to help small and midsize businesses streamline point-of-sale (POS) operations. Businesses can use the solution to meet unique retail requirements. The integrated POS system for distributors and retail stores comes equipped with advanced features that automate various store-related operations. It also provides a centralized monitoring environment for retail stores and chains. It supports mobile application integration.
RetailGraph is built on a secure platform, Microsoft.NET, whereas the SQL server is used to store crucial business data. It enables retail shop owners to increase productivity and profitability. From conducting business analytics to handling store ma...
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France has decided it needs multimedia - or multimedia, as the nation must now call it, the accent mandated by the government's desire to avoid the use of an English word when there is a French one. With much the same logic - or lack of it - used to defend the language against Anglo-Saxon innovation, Edouard Balladur's government has set about creating an all- French multimedia industry. The first step showed off some decidedly unattractive Gallic traits: cronyism and behind-the-scenes maneuvering for control of France's most successful "independent" television network, Canal+.
On February 14, Andre Rousselet, the station's president, resigned in a huff after its biggest shareholders - Generale des Eaux, a cable television and water company; Havas, a publishing group; and Societe Generale, a bank - said they were combining their stakes into a common holding company, which would control almost half of the capital for Canal+. Rousselet, who suspected (rightly) that this was a government-encouraged attempt to wrest control of the station from him, did not wait around for his suspicion to be proved correct. He wrote a long article in Le Monde accusing the government of unconscionable meddling and headed for the door.
French officials have long argued that if France is to keep abreast of developments in multimedia, it needs an advanced, nationwide, cable television network. But few are willing to pay for cable when they already subscribe to Canal+ and get top-notch movies and sports from the network's satellite. As a compromise, the government recently proposed that Canal+ contribute US$76 million to the cost of cable television - in return for the renewal of its license next year. This infuriated Rousselet, who called the sum "a ransom."
The network's refusal to pay, in turn, infuriated Generale des Eaux, which has lost a fortune on its cable television network. Egged on by the government, Generale des Eaux organized the coup that led to Rousselet's departure.
If all now goes according to plan, Canal+ will form the core of a multimedia conglomerate that will also include a cable television operator (Generale des Eaux) and a publisher (Havas). In addition, France Telecom, the country's telecom monopoly, is cozying up to the group. It has recently swapped part of its telephone directory publishing operation for a 5 percent stake in Havas. With the obstructive Rousselet replaced by someone more willing to follow the nods, winks, and nudges by which much French industrial policy is made, the hope is that the group will become a multimedia world-beater.
In reality, the French face many obstacles in multimedia - the largest of them of their own making. The government's desire to create a specifically French multimedia firm limits France's ability to take advantage of technological advances made elsewhere. "To preserve French culture," the French government is also promoting quotas on imports of television shows, rock, and other pop culture. The opportunity to watch a souped-up video of Johnny Halliday, France's aging national rock star, on a souped-up version of Minitel, France's aging national computer network, does not sound like the sort of thing that will make multimedia a roaring success.
France's Jerry Lewis Media Policy in Action


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A Maryland sheriff says two deputies have died after they were wounded by a gunman who opened fire inside a crowded restaurant and got into a subsequent shootout with deputies.
The attacker was killed in the shootout, Harford County Sheriff Jeffrey Gahler said.
An initial shooting took place inside a Panera restaurant in northeastern Maryland after a deputy responded to a call at 11:46 a.m. Wednesday about someone causing a problem inside, the sheriff said. The responding deputy was struck, and the shooter left.
Witnesses gave officers a description of the man and the direction he was headed. After at least one deputy caught up with him, shots were exchanged,...


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May 13, 2016
Cargill researchers presented three novel approaches to reducing saturated fat in bakery applications during the American Oil Chemists' Society annual meeting. Using starches, vegetable waxes and emulsions, Cargill scientists have created fat systems that lower saturated fat by as much as 40 percent in shortenings, without compromising finished product attributes.
In one method, Cargill researchers replaced some of the traditional saturated fat with a blend of canola oil, a product lower in saturated fat, and starch. Using particle stabilization technology combined with fat crystal optimization, the researchers created a structured fat system that reduced saturated fat levels by 40 percent compared to the same source fat without sacrificing key performance characteristics.
In a separate study, the researchers found that by combining vegetable waxes and monoglycerides with canola oil and palm stearin, they could influence the size, shape and speed at which those crystals form. A final approach explored using emulsions to dilute saturated fat levels. While water and fat naturally separate, Cargill researchers devised a method of encasing water droplets in shells made of monoglycerides and hard fats. (Visit the Cargill Global Storefront to learn more.)
Responding to demands for highly concentrated, free flowing, hemp oil, SourceOne introduced HempCHOICE™ PCR Hemp Oil. The company offers production capacity and research-driven proprietary technologies that produce advanced, high-quality hemp oil with the full entourage of naturally occurring phytocannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD).
KD Pharma announced the launch of its specially formulated KD Smart™ Omega-3 oil. It was developed to provide the same average ratio of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in mother’s milk.
European supplement marketers now have tangible opportunities to develop new Antarctic krill-based products with EU authorized health claims. Norwegian RIMFROST introduced its ultra-high phospholipid SUBLIME krill extract to the European market at the Vitafoods show. With the level of 60 percent phospholipid concentration, RIMFROST has been able to naturally concentrate the key nutrients, with no added extras. DHA/EPA are the prominent fatty acids found in the extract, but it also contains significant levels of phospholipids, choline and astaxanthin. Launched to customers in the United States at Supply Side West in October 2015, the European market can now also benefit from the renewed value proposition of Antarctic krill.
Ingredion Inc. announced two new additions to its line of functional clean-label starches—NOVATION PRIMA® 340 and 350—for extended cold shelf-life stability in refrigerated, frozen and instant foods. NOVATION PRIMA® 340 and 350 functional native starches can be used to formulate a wide variety of refrigerated and frozen foods, including dressings, dips and spreads, fruit preparations, cream and fruit pie fillings, sauces, glazes, marinades, pasta fillings, prepared meals and instant dairy desserts.
A&B Ingredients announced it has unveiled a new branding initiative for its ingredients product offerings, all of which will now fall into three specific categories. health & wellness – pisane® pea protein, PA5051® probiotics, two seas sea salt®; food safety & quality – cytoGuard® antimicrobials, antioxidants and yeast and mold inhibitors; clean label – cytoGuard natural antioxidants, natural yeast and mold inhibitors, natural flavor enhancers.
To increase the standard of berry powders and meet the requirements of the consumers, Asiros developed the patent-pending BERRYSHIELD™ berry powder processing technology. Berry powders produced with BERRYSHIELD Technology have a unique protection of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols including flavonoids. BERRYSHIELD Technology can be applied to all types of berries and five powders are currently available: tart cherry, blackcurrant, redcurrant, elderberry and strawberry.
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