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|Year : 2016 | Volume
| Issue : 2 | Page : 167-170
Tailor-made medicine: Is it practical?
Poornima Govindraju, Poornima Chandra, Balaji Pachipulusu, Mahesh Kumar Talkad Subbaiah
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
|Date of Submission||26-Aug-2015|
|Date of Acceptance||21-Nov-2016|
|Date of Web Publication||02-Dec-2016|
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore - 560 074, Karnataka
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
| Abstract|| |
It is a well-known fact that certain drugs work better for certain patients and some have adverse effects. This variation may be due to several factors such as illness, differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, environmental factors and genetic factors. Therefore, the analysis of the genes and genome will pave the way for effective diagnosis and management contributing to the development of personalized medicine. This treatment modality prescribes therapies specific to individual patients based on pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic information. This personalized medicine could be the key to developing patient-focused, cost-effective treatment from a dream to reality, however, some challenges exist.
Keywords: Genes, personalized medicine, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics
|How to cite this article:|
Govindraju P, Chandra P, Pachipulusu B, Subbaiah MT. Tailor-made medicine: Is it practical?. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2016;28:167-70
|How to cite this URL:|
Govindraju P, Chandra P, Pachipulusu B, Subbaiah MT. Tailor-made medicine: Is it practical?. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol [serial online] 2016 [cited 2022 Aug 17];28:167-70. Available from: https://www.jiaomr.in/text.asp?2016/28/2/167/195132
| Introduction|| |
From perpetual times it is a well-known fact that heredity affects one's health, and all organisms including human beings have a genome which comprises all the biological information required to build and maintain a living example of that organism.  Segments of DNA that are found in all human cells are termed as genes. DNA is essentially a key part of our interactive chemical operating systems in the body instructing the body how to behave and interact at cellular level.  All the genetic material in the cells of a particular living organism is referred to as its genome. The human genome, thus, describes all the genetic material found in a human cell.  Genetics focuses or deals with single gene whereas genomics deals with interactions between all genes in the genome as well as the environmental factors.
Except trauma, all diseases and disorders have a dominating genetic component. Human diseases may result either from single gene mutations, or more commonly, from complex and multiple gene-to-gene and gene-to-environment interactions.  The completion of the human genome project in 2003 was a major step which led to an array of several scientific discoveries;  sequencing and mapping of the human genome was one such impressive scientific breakthrough, which has brought new hope in the era of medicine. The introduction of computerized genotyping systems such as genechip and DNA microarray technologies revolutionized the genetics field.  The fact that the human genome has more than 20000 genes and millions of variations including the single nucleotide polymorphism emphasizes the importance of new technologies.  The rapid emergence and development of High Throughput Technologies made modern biological and medical researchers to shift from traditional hypothesis driven designs toward data driven studies.
Applications of genomics and the knowledge of the sequence of human genome have inspired numerous -omics disciplines such as proteomics, epigenomics, transcriptomomicglycomics, and metabolic, mainly aiming us to understand the signaling pathways of the cell and thereby provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of diseases leading to identification of new prognosticators, diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. , Pharmacotherapy is one of the greatest clinical applications of genomic technology where the ultimate goal is to maximize response and minimize toxicity. ,
Physicians have known for centuries that certain medicines work better for certain patients and some have adverse effects. Individualized treatment was followed by Hippocrates by combining four humours blood, plegm, yellow bile and black bile were used to determine the best course of treatment for each patient. The variation in the response to treatment may be due to several factors such as illness, differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, environmental factors, and genetic factors.
The uniqueness of an individual in the genetic makeup results in significant variability in expressing gene products such as enzymes involving metabolism of drugs, transporters of drugs, drug targets and their succeeding signal transduction molecules. It has been observed that the efficacy of drug therapy of many diseases was in the range of 20-80%, and 20% of the patients were poor responders. The limitation in the traditional approaches for the development of the drug and clinical therapies such as "trial and error" and "one drug fits all and one dose fits all" has lead to 20-50% of drug toxicities or treatment failures. Therefore, there has been a paradigm shift from the concept of "one drug fits all to right drug for the right patient at the right dose and time." ,
The concept of personalized medicine was recognized by Sir William Osler (1849-1919) who stated that "variability is the law of life and since no two faces are alike, and no two bodies are same and no two individuals behave and react alike under the abnormal circumstances we know as disorder." , According to the US National Cancer Institute, personalized medicine is defined as "a branch of medicine that utilizes information about a person's genetic information and environmental factors to prevent, diagnose and manage the disease."  Another aspect of personalized medicine is addressing to the whole person in relation to personal, medical history and life circumstances. The motive for the evolution of personalized medicine is mainly consumer demand for safe and more effective drugs, faster time to cure, and economic health care.
One of the major influences to the concept of personalized medicine is pharmacogenomics. This is in recent times a burgeoning (flourishing) field which stems (stalks) from the fusion (blending or unification) of pharmacogenetics with genomics. It is a field that encompasses (comprise) the study of genetic polymorphisms that directionalize individual differences in drug response.  Pharmacogenetics can be defined as the study of heredity and the response to drugs whereas pharmacogenomics is the application of whole genome technologies for predicting an individual's sensitivity or resistance to a particular drug.
A number of genes play a major role in drug response and toxicity. The existence of millions of genetic variations and identifying all of them could take many years. In addition, one person's response to a medication might not be determined by a solitary gene but by many genes interacting with each other.  Variations in genes that encrypt drug metabolizing enzymes drug transporters or drug targets is highly complex and can be categorized into four classes, namely, inefficacy, efficacy, resistance, and toxicity. Polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme has an impact on the fate of pharmaceutical drugs. , CYP is affiliated with multigene family of heme-containing enzymes found predominantly (primarily or chiefly) in the liver that are responsible for the metabolic elimination of most of the drugs currently being used in medicine.
The activation of procarcinogens and promutagens in the human body principally depends on these enzymes. This is important for drugs, particularly lipophilic drugs such as central nervous system (CNS) active drugs, which generally must be lipophilic to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The P450 metabolism provides the primary means of these drug elimination because the abovementioned drugs have minimal renal excretion. This large family of genes have been extensively studied, and among the numerous P450 subtypes, CYP2D6, 3A4/3A5, IA2, 2EI, 2C9 and 2C19 play particularly decisive roles in genetically determined responses to a broad spectrum of drugs  particularly in warfarin, Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex protein 1 (VKORC1), and Trastuzumab.
| Clinical Applications of Personalized Medicine|| |
The existence of significant variations among individuals with the same type of disease suggests that genetic factors play a decisive role in disease pathogenesis. The incorporation of the concept of personalized medicine in the health care system could allow the patients and doctors to become aware of the underlying disease even before the development of clinical signs and symptoms. This in turn leads us to undertake prophylactic preventive measures and treatment prior to the onset of clinical symptoms; this may delay the disease onset and reduce the severity of the symptoms.
By stratifying patients into unique subgroups based on their specific molecular characteristics, personalized medicine aids in planning the treatment.  It also avoids unnecessary side effects and toxicity of treatment in individuals who are predicted to be nonresponders to a particular targeted therapy. By this modality, nonresponders could be stratified into alternate subgroups for personalized therapy.
Furthermore, an expectation of who will respond and who will not respond to a particular treatment will have a considerable effect on how clinical trials are designed and carried out, resulting in reducing their costs and failures. Ultimately, personalized medicine is expected to result in an overall reduction in the cost of health care making it more economical. It is also beneficial for pharmaceutical companies from personalized medicine which are looking to identify target molecules for drug design. This helps them to reduce the duration and costs of clinical trials and potentially revive drugs that were previously thought to be ineffective.
Oncology is one of the specialties which has derived the greatest benefit from personalized medicine. Cancer is a condition of heterogeneous nature and may be life threatening, where the treatments are expensive and is associated with many adverse events. In cancer, genetics play a major role in the etiopathogenesis. With the omics discipline, the onset of cancer can be prevented in patients and their family members through genetic screening by taking prophylactic measures. Personalized medicine not only helps in identifying the risk of cancer but also to classify the tumor by molecular signaling pathways. This also helps in predicting the effectiveness and resistance of the drug, thereby determining and improving the overall survival rate of the individual.
In addition to oncology, many pharmacogenomic studies have also been conducted in other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, CNS disorders, autoimmune diseases and certain infectious diseases.  It has been observed that some patients who have variants in CYP2D6 failed to convert codeine to morphine leading to insufficient analgesia with many adverse effects, whereas patients who have multiple copies of CYP2D6 gene metabolize the drug rapidly resulting in morphine intoxication. Oral diseases such as temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain are diseases which are more apt for personalized medicine because of uncertain treatment outcome and resistance, as well as a high impact consequences of inappropriate treatment. ,
The approach of pharmacogenetics is still pretty much in its infancy despite its discovery dating back to the 1960s. Despite the direct relevance of genetic polymorphisms in drug response and repeated claims of the benefits of applying pharmacogenetics to personalized medicine, pre-prescription genetic screening is not a routine practice and is largely confined to teaching hospitals and specialized laboratories.  However, the mutational screening using the current state of art technology is still laborious and time consuming and has hassles of having to courier samples to an external laboratory. Moreover, physicians in clinical practice have not been adequately educated in this field. The concept of genomics and personalized medicine have not been incorporated in the curriculum worldwide; thus, bridging the gap between basic science and medicine requires the collaborative efforts of researchers and clinicians.
Ethical and moral concerns that arise in the heart of genetic testing are the factors that hinder the development of personalized medicine. Deciphering of the genetic code may pose a combination to the protection of one's privacy. Moreover, some irregulars that predict drug response are also markers for disease predisposition. This may subsequently lead to medicolegal implications, such as issuing the data confidentially and the possibility of stigmatization; i.e., whether employer and insurance companies should be given the right to assess the genetic data and the possibility of information falling into the hands of unauthorized parties. Another factor that pose hurdle to the practice of personalized medicine is the undeniable fact that along with the advances in medicine, medical cost is increasing at a rapid rate. The additional cost incurred by a prescription genetic test may increase the financial burden on the consumer.
The abovementioned limitations are some of the concerns that one has to bear in mind before implementing personalized medicine. However, all these drawbacks will be far offset by the potential benefits derived from individualized treatment, such as more effective treatment, reduced incidence of adverse drug reactions and improved quality of care of the patient.  In spite of the concerns mentioned above, personalized medicine is in its way ahead. It is a melding of traditional (e.g., personalized history, examination, and laboratory tests) and novel approaches (e.g., genotyping, genomic evaluations). It uses the science of prediction, modern therapeutics principles, and prevention, which optimize active participation of patients in their care. Treating the patient as a person and not just their illness is also an emotional element of this approach.
Personalized or molecular medicine has brought tremendous progress in the understanding and management of diseases over the past decade and the concept of personalized medicine will have a significant impact on medical and dental practice, and is being gradually included as an integral component of management plan. This inevitably will result in effective treatment and reducing side effects for patients and will also have the motivation to engage in lifestyle choices and maintenance of health to compensate for their genetic susceptibilities. The introduction of personalized medicine requires a very large initial investment, but with it comes the promise of a rewarding and cost-effective future for medical practice.  Hence, rapid progress in the field of genomics and other omics disciplines may result in a future where the patients get their own genomic sequence in a smart card or memory stick for the right treatment.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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A controller is developed for underactuated surface ships with only surge force and yaw moment available to globally asymptotically track a reference trajectory generated by a suitable virtual ship in a frame attached to the ship body. The reference trajectory is allowed to be a curve including a straight line. The control development is based on Lyapunov's direct method and backstepping technique, and utilizes several properties of ship dynamics and their interconnected structure. Numerical simulations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Title of host publication||Proceedings of the American Control Conference|
|Number of pages||6|
|State||Published - 2002|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


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Archie Macpherson, the famous Scottish football commentator, has delivered a powerful defence of the Union and warned backing independence was a vote for “deception, deceit and fantasy”.
Mr Macpherson was speaking alongside Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling at a Better Together rally but stole the show with a passionate and unscripted tour de force praising the UK.
He said he had accepted the invitation out of “anger” at the “obfuscation and evasion streaming out of the independence campaign” to the extent that he “couldn’t stand it any longer”.
And he warned that too many Scots were still treating the referendum like a general election where they can “try” independence without realising the decision was binding on their children and grandchildren.
In his conclusion, which drew rapturous applause, Mr Macpherson said: "The wrong road is the yellow brick road which they are riding at the end of which, as you know from the film (The Wizard of Oz) and the book, ends in deception, deceit and fantasy."
“It’s too important to sit on your backside and do anything about. Go out and positively create the negative that is going to be so productive for us and say ‘No Thanks’.”
Mr Macpherson, who is in his 70s, commented on Scottish football on radio and TV for four decades. He looked back to the end of the Second World War in 1945, when he said British society had been transformed into "something we must never forget" with the creation of the welfare state and NHS.
Mr Salmond has claimed that separation is required to protect the Scottish NHS from the supposed privatisation of the English health service, although it is already devolved to Holyrood.
But Mr Macpherson said: "My wife and myself have benefited enormously from the NHS and it turns my stomach to see the SNP trying to make political capital out of this extraordinary piece of work.”
He recalled how he had met woman who had said she would “try Yes” in the forthcoming referendum and this “sent a chill up my spine”.
"The television debates are accentuating the feeling that this is, one, a personality contest, and two, that it's a general election in which we are voting for a president. It is nothing of the kind,” he said.
"Even friends of ours, I have to point out to them, look, I’m not voting for us round this table. How long have we got to go? I am voting for my kids and their kids and their kids etcetera. It hasn't sunk into people. “
He also described how he challenged a Yes campaigner who came to his door to explain how a pension system backed by around five million taxpayers could be as affordable and secure as one supported by 60 million.
“Answer (came there) none – not only on that issue but other issues. Ask them to provide the evidence, ask them to provide certainty. There is no certainty. It is a gamble. It is a huge gamble and I am not prepared to take it,” he said.
"I value the things we have at the moment because we were together, and we should stay together.”

domain: sociology


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Volunteer Spotlight: Kathy Plover
Kathy is a longtime PAWS volunteer who joined the PAWS family more than seven years ago. “I love everything about volunteering – taking care of the mom cats and kittens in the maternity room and walking dogs at the Northeast location, meeting other volunteers (I haven’t even scratched the surface there), and speaking with people about PAWS at events.”
Kathy has volunteered at all three PAWS locations, helped care for cats at an off-site PetSmart location, and represented PAWS at countless adoption events throughout the city. She has also adopted from PAWS! “I met my three best four-legged buddies while volunteering. Jingles in 2011, Gunner was my foster from 2013 (just 12 oz. when I brought him home), and Elvis came home in 2014 after I met his foster parent at an adoption event.” Kathy and her cats recently made a TV appearance to spread the word about PAWS!
Kathy’s dedication to the animals at PAWS is more than above and beyond and PAWS is grateful to have her as a volunteer!

domain: pet


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Sticky Date Wedding Cupcakes
Congratulations to our dear friends L and R! I had the honour of making the cupcakes for their very special day, and their request was for a cupcake version of my sticky date pudding, that they have loved since the first time I made it for them. I have had the last couple of months to formulate the best sticky date cupcakes and a topping that I thought would best suit the couple’s tastes and of course, fit in with the aesthetics of their wedding.
As you know, my original sticky date pudding recipe comes with a boozy cream sauce and a butterscotch sauce. I had a very clear goal in mind for these cupcakes- they needed to not only look good, but taste good. So often, cupcakes look good but taste…. like sugar. I wanted to bring together the combination of flavours that I so love about sticky date pudding with a topping that would not only be delicious but also withstand our Aussie summer heat. My (non-complaining) colleagues went through a few batches of my experimentation with a few toppings, before I settled on a butterscotch icing, that was not only tasty, but could hold its shape at summer room temperature.
As I mentioned, planning these very important cakes began months in advance, and I was very excited to be a part of such a momentous day for such special friends. L is the furthest away from a bridezilla that you can imagine, so she was very happy for me to enthusiastically send her pictures and ideas, and do shopping for supplies when I was in Singapore. She wanted the cupcakes to make the bottom tiers of their wedding cake, but also double up as bonbonniere.
Y, my kindred baking spirit, and one of the bridesmaids, went shopping with me in Singapore, where we discovered a very ulu (isolated) treasure trove of baking supplies, thanks to Evan. This is where we found the perfect clear plastic boxes and the very pretty and elegant cupcake wrappers, that we agreed suited L perfectly. At the same time, Y and I were unleashed, wishing that we had our own massive kitchens so that we could hoard all the pretty boxes, cases and decorations in that shop!
Anyway, fast forward to last week. Since the wedding was in Sydney, the cakes began their life in my kitchen in Canberra, then travelled to Soy‘s sister’s kitchen in Sydney to be frosted, decorated and boxed, before their big moment at L and R‘s reception.
I was very happy with the results- of how pretty the wedding cake tier looked, matched perfectly with the fruit cake top layer made by the bride’s aunt, and how elegant the boxed cupcakes looked. Most importantly, the bride and groom both loved how the cakes tasted. There is no better satisfaction than I had seeing the bonbonniere table empty in a flash! I felt so proud being able to utilise my baking skills for such an important occasion, and seeing such wonderful people so full of love and joy on their special day. All the best to the sweet and gorgeous L and the always dashing R. Here’s to many more years of friendship, and good food shared together!
Sticky date cupcakes with Butterscotch Icing
makes 18 cupcakes
Sticky date cupcakes
1 ¼ cup dates
1 ½ cup self-raising flour
2/3 cup caster sugar
1 cup water
1 tsp bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)
Place dates and water in a small saucepan. Simmer until mixture thickens (the dates will break down to a mush). Take off heat and add bicarb. Quickly mix well (the mixture will froth up and have a lot of air in it). Add butter in and mix well. Add eggs and sugar. Fold in flour.
Place mixture in prepared cupcake cases in a muffin tin. Bake at 180 °C for 15-18 min.
2/3 cup soft brown sugar
1/4 cup golden syrup
1/2 cup cream
5 cups pure icing sugar
Combine the butter, sugar, golden syrup and cream in a saucepan over medium heat. Stir occasionally until the sugar dissolves. Turn heat up to high and boil for at least 5 minutes. Cool to room temperature.
Add sifted icing sugar, beat with an electric mixer until light and fluffy.
Cupcake supplies were bought from Star Net Marketing, No. 2 Jurong East St. 21, IMM Building #04-33V Singapore 609601 Tel: +65 65620438 Thanks to Evan.

domain: food


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- JUN 2, 2023
- Holy Forever (Live From Good Friday 2023) - Single
- 1 Song
Singles & EPs
About Jenn Johnson
Jenn Johnson is a Christian singer and worship leader who cofounded Bethel Music with her husband and musical partner, Brian Johnson. ∙ Boosted by the hit “Chasing You,” which she cowrote, the 2013 LP Tides was Bethel Music’s first No. 1 on Billboard’s Top Christian Albums chart. ∙ Jenn and Brian’s 2017 album After All These Years included “You’re Gonna Be OK,” a Top 40 entry on Billboard’s Hot Christian Songs chart. ∙ The Dove Award-nominated single “Goodness of God,” from Bethel Music’s 2019 live album Victory, was inspired by her experience with adoption. ∙ “Famous For (I Believe),” a duet with Tauren Wells from his 2020 album Citizen of Heaven, earned a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song.

domain: artistic


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- Central Asia
- East Asia & Pacific
- Middle East
- South Asia
- East Africa
- Southern Africa
- West and Central Africa
- North Africa
- Latin America
- Antigua and Barbuda
- British Virgin Islands
- Cayman Islands
- Dominican Republic
- Netherlands Antilles
- Puerto Rico
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and Grenadines
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Turks and Caicos Islands
- United States Virgin Islands
- Central America
- South America
- Eastern Europe
- Western Europe
- North America
[07/11/2012] Gender responsiveness of selected projects in the GLTN land tool inventory: Identifying how women’s needs are addressed
[via UN-HABITAT] GLTN considers gender as a critical cross-cutting theme in the work on promoting pro-poor, large-scale land tools (for more information on GLTN see www.gltn.net). This short report...
[07/11/2012] 'Improving Gender Equality and Grassroots Participation through Good Land Governance' training package
[via UN-HABITAT] This training package provides an introduction to the important, complex, and sometimes daunting theme of improving land governance as a means to enhance gender equality and...
[via UN-HABITAT] How can we judge if a land tool is responsive to both women and men’s needs? Despite progress on women’s rights, rights to land and security of tenure are not enjoyed equally...
[31/10/2012] Call for Applications - PWESCR Leadership Institute on Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
PWESCR’s Leadership Institute in Women’s Economic Social and Cultural Rights is an annual leadership development programme for women’s rights leaders (men and women) working in...
Urban LandMark has developed a guide for local government in South Africa to assist municipal officials involved in urban land governance to carry out their functions in ways that ensure pro-poor...
[adapted from GTZ] 1999- More than one hundred technical co-operation projects on three continents supported by the various technical departments of GTZ were involved in this discussion on Land Use...
Hoy alzamos nuestras voces unidas y fuertes, mujeres y hombres del Wangki para informarles que a pesar de nuestras luchas aumenta la inseguridad en nuestras comunidades, el trafico de nuestra niñez y...
A video with a statement of Rajagopal PV was shooted on October 5th, World Teacher’s day, to make the link between capacity building, empowerment and social movements. Have a look!...
[01/10/2012] UN Women, FAO, IFAD and WFP launch five-year initiative “Accelerating Progress Toward the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women”
[adapted from UNWomen] 27 September 2012-“Accelerating Progress Toward the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women” is a five-year initiative of the UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of...
The latest interview of Rajagopal PV published in “Mainstream” just before the launch of the Jan Satyagraha - March for Justice of 100 000 landless in India: http://www.mainstreamweekly....


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4 Artist's play Glitz, Glam, Celeb, Excuberance......
Thornton and English in association with Forman’s
present 4Play Featuring Artist’s Alan Chapman, Paul Karslake,
jennifer English, Marty Thornton
Marty Thornton and Jennifer English
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text:
Shmaya members who struggle with greater challenges enjoy our special ‘Tarbut Programs” which include vacations,activities, weekend events, trips etc for all ages. Families are part of the program.
Parents are being given extensive support, enjoying meetings, lectures, and other activities. These programs provide them with much needed support and meeting other parents facing the same struggles gives them the strength they need.
Bnei Brak, Ezra (Mondays and Wednesdays)
Jerusalem Shaul Aboud St (Sundays)
Kiryat Malachi (one Sunday a month)
Rishon LeTzion Giborei Yisrael 13 (Thursdays)
Coming Soon to Haifa!!!
At Kiryat Haim
Rabbi of the deaf community


text:
Hospital spending hints Q4 GDP may be higher
Hospital revenue increased a seasonally adjusted 3.5 percent after declining 1.5 percent in the third quarter, the Commerce Department said in its Quarterly Services Survey report. The estimate of consumption at hospitals was based on employment, hours and earnings, said Daniel Silver, an economist at JPMorgan in New York. The government estimated fourth-quarter growth at a 3.0 percent pace. It will publish its final reading on March 29, which will estimate spending at hospitals, based on data reported in the Quarterly Services Survey, or the QSS.
- Readmissions: No Quick Fix to Costly Hospital Challenge
- How Top-Ranked MA Plans Earn Their Stars
- 4 Ways to Lower the Cost to Collect from Self-Pay Patients
- House Calls Key to Pioneer ACO Success
- How Telehealth Pays Off for Providers, Patients
- How Hospitals Can Become 'Upstreamists'
- Defensive Medicine Still Prevalent Despite Tort Reform
- Ebola: Health Officials Try to Quell Front Line Fears
- 4 Tips for Managing Employed Physicians
- 'Overtreatment' Debate Circles Back to Lung Cancer Screening

domain: news


text:
This paper is based off my response to a fictional scenario. In this scenario, I am a struggling writer who has placed third in a writing contest held by the university I attend, and my fellow classmate in this scenario won the grand prize (Module 3 Lecture Pages, n.d.). However, I believe my classmate won the contest because he plagiarized one of my previously published stories, and now I have to face him at the awards ceremony (Module 3 Lecture Pages, n.d.).
How I react to this fictional scenario, is based on the varying levels of emotional intelligence, and whether or not my level of emotional intelligence played a role in my reaction (Module 3 Lecture Pages, n.d.). In addition, this paper will discuss the different levels of emotional intelligence by analyzing the four components (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management); as well as how an individual can increase his/ her level of emotional intelligence (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009).
My response to the scenario
If I found out that a fellow classmate stole my idea from a previous story that I published, and won the grand prize with that story, I would be completely distraught, as would most people in that situation. Personally, I like to let my emotions settle, and in this case I would have the night to think about it before the awards ceremony the following day; this way I will not make a rash decision that I may regret.
The following morning I would contact the committee in charge of the writing contest at the University, and inform them of the situation by showing them my story that I had previously published. I would express my concerns to the committee, and inform them that this issue was not brought up because I want to try and change the outcome of the contest. Instead, I would emphasize that this about the possibility of plagiarism and the unethical writing practices that may have been made by my fellow classmate. I would then let the university handle the matter in whichever way they see fit, while I try to keep my emotions under control and respect the decision of the university.
As for when I see my fellow classmate, I would remain cordial and congratulate him on winning the contest. I probably would ask him where he got his story line from, as well as whether or not he has ever read my story I had published. I would confront him about my suspicion I have concerning the story line; most likely he would deny any plagiarism accusations that I or the university made against him. If he told me he didn’t steal my story line, then I would be the bigger person and tell him we should put our differences aside (agree to disagree), so that the conversation will not escalade into more of an argument.
Differing levels of emotional intelligence
The emotional intelligence level an individual has plays a significant role in how he/ she will react to any given situation (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009). I believe an individual with a low...

domain: literature


text:
Sailrite® offers Polyester Fiberfill, Medium Density Polyurethane Antimicrobial Foam, High Density Polyurethane Foam, Dry Fast Open Cell Antimicrobial Foam and Closed Cell (flotation) foam for your next big DIY project. Each one of these foams has its own unique characteristics, so we’re sure you’ll find an appropriate foam here at Sailrite. We have the best selection of marine-grade foam for cabin cushions on settees and berths, exterior marine seating and creating foam-backed headliners. We also have a great selection of upholstery foam that can be used for any size upholstery job in your home, RV or boat. You can easily search our foam selection by application to ensure that you get a style that will work with your project.
With nearly 50 years of experience in sailing and sewing, Sailrite can help you find the appropriate foam for your next project. To learn which is the best choice, be sure to check out our foam flow chart before you make a selection. You can search our selection by foam firmness so you can choose soft, medium and firm options to match your individual preferences. You can also indicate if you prefer special features, such as high breathability, water draining capabilities, antimicrobial properties and the ability to float. For more information, read more about the different types of foam when you read this guide from Sailrite.

domain: hobby


text:
The Islington Community Festivals Fund is now closed for applications. We’ll update this page with details of any further schemes from January 2019.
If you require further information or have a query about the Community Festivals Fund scheme please email firstname.lastname@example.org
Previously funded festivals can be seen below under 'Related information'.
Caledonian Road is one of London’s most vibrant neighbourhoods and host to the Cally Festival
Archway with Words
An annual festival featuring authors, scientists, historians, poets, comics, performers, filmmakers and musicians
Whitecross Street Party
A street party and larger-than-life street art exhibition
A music festival showcasing Islington’s finest musical talent
Celebrating reading, writing and freedom of expression
The Angel Canal Festival
Annual one-day festival promoting Islington’s canal and water space
Islington World Mental Health Day 2016
Promoting positive mental health through music


text:
For the welfare of our patients and staff the team at Restore have decided to close at end of day Saturday 28th March 2020.
We will return to business once we feel that the environment is safe for our patients, our staff and their families.
In the meantime we continue to follow strict hygiene guidelines and will continue to do so during the current COVID-19 crisis.
Are you unwell with fever or respiratory symptoms? Have you had close contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19?
If so we are unable to treat you at the clinic at this time.
It is recommended that you call the HEALTH DIRECT helpline on 1800 022 222 for further advice.

domain: medical


text:
If Terry Jones burns the Koran, he'll also set fire to America's identity
Page 2 of 2
A dangerous tipping point
A broad range of American public figures, including Gen. David Petraeus, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and Sarah Palin have already denounced the planned burning, calling it “disgraceful” and “idiotic.” That’s a critical first step. But they must go further to prevent this event from becoming a dangerous tipping point in the West’s relations with Muslims.
Neither one of us is a Muslim apologist – we've both spent a lifetime doing everything we could to modernize Islam's form and function in America while holding its fanatical fringe accountable to mainstream Muslim thought. Both of us are fiercely loyal Americans who made our respective fortunes in this great land the hard way – one dollar at a time. We know why the model of America is good for the rest of the world to emulate – and why it is important that we not let that all go wrong.
Our commitment to America
I, Seeme Hasan, am an immigrant mother of three who founded Muslims for Bush. I’ve donated more than a million dollars to Republican Party causes for the past ten years. I’ve earned acclaim for community service in Colorado. My story embodies the American dream, and yet today I live with almost daily threats to personal, family, and community safety and security for taking up such a public stance in favor of Cordoba House, the Islamic center near ground zero. I’ve supported Cordoba House because I’m trying to hold Americans true to their constitutional beliefs that freedoms enshrined in our founding documents are not subject to the emotional sensitivities of our time.
And I, Mansoor Ijaz, was born in America. I was Bill Clinton's largest American Muslim supporter in the 1996 presidential campaign, raising or donating over a million dollars to Democratic Party causes for nearly seven years before and after the election. I negotiated Sudan's offer of counterterrorism assistance to the US government on Osama Bin Laden and the sprouting Al Qaeda terrorist network in the mid 1990s. Yet I live with the daily condemnation of my fellow American Muslims for being an outspoken critic of the “ground zero mosque” – for arguing that America's Muslims must first demonstrate fealty to this country's founding vision of pluralism and secular identity before enjoying the religious freedoms enshrined in its founding articles.
Despite our differences, we couldn’t agree more that burning Korans in America would not just be a national disgrace or dangerous for our troops abroad; it could set fire to the very fabric that makes our country strong and righteous.
A time for healing
We call on the living presidents, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, and Jimmy Carter, to go to that church in Florida this weekend as an act of national unity and healing. They should talk to each one of those 50 congregants and persuade them that their anger can be dispersed in much more intelligent ways than burning the religious books of their fellow citizens who believe differently.
We must lead by example if we are to heal the internal divisions that are beginning to fracture America. If we are to remain united, we must each decide on our own – one individual at a time – to walk in the same direction with the person next to us, irrespective of their race, color, creed, or religious belief, down that American road whose horizon remains liberty, freedom, and justice for all.
We can honorably disagree, debate, and argue over anything in our midst – that is the great calling of America – but we must never aspire to tear each other down in a desperate bid to hold up false ideals that never existed. America's greatness is in its resilience. The issue is no longer about Islam, mosques, Korans, or Muslim beliefs taking root in our soil. The issue is our national identity. We must stand now to reclaim it – together.
Seeme Hasan is founder of Muslims for America and Muslims for Bush. Mansoor Ijaz is chairman of Aquarius Global Partners, a private equity investment group.


Teen Accused Of Starting Fire After Fight
Lakewood, Colorado (CNN) - A Colorado teen was arrested Sunday, accused of starting an apartment fire friday that injured several residents.
19-year-old Jalen Berg faces a slew of felony charges, including multiple accounts of attempted murder, first-degree arson and child abuse.
When fire crews arrived at the scene Friday, one apartment was already fully engulfed in flame.
The entire condominium complex had to be evacuated.
At least four people were treated for minor injuries, including berg himself.
He was arrested after being released from the hospital.
Arson investigators say berg got into a physical fight with his father the night of the fire -- they think he started the fire in retaliation.


text:
Bills being shopped in six states by the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) would make it a crime to film animal abuse at factory farms or lie on job applications, in hopes of shutting down animal rights activists who infiltrate slaughterhouses to expose ghastly conditions.
“The meat industry’s response to these exposes has not been to try to prevent these abuses from taking place, but rather it’s really just been to prevent Americans from finding out about those abuses in the first place,” Paul Shapiro, spokesperson for the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), told Raw Story. “What they’re doing is trying to pass laws throughout the country that don’t just shoot the messenger, they seek to imprison the messenger.”
The proposals mandate that evidence of animal abuse be turned over to law enforcement within 48 hours, or face a financial penalty.
~ from Business Lobby Moves to Criminalize Filming Animal Abuse on Factory Farms by Stephen C. Webster ~
I can just imagine the reaction of many Democratic Party stalwarts to these proposed bills. It is an outrage, they will say. The companies that condone abusive business practices want to get away with it by blocking public exposure. If these big corporations get their way, they can continue to operate in an illegal and unethical manner and it will be the investigators, not the corporations themselves, who will be punished.
While I certainly do not disagree with this analysis, I would like to point out to such Democratic Party folks that ALEC merely is following the Obama blueprint. This is precisely the strategy employed by the Obama administration in terms of whistleblowers.
As we have learned from the Bradley Manning trial, only Manning is facing consequences for exposing government hijinks and malfeasance. None of the people who directly participated in alleged war crimes has been charged with any crime. No government official who ordered these actions and/or worked to cover them up has even been investigated. The sole legal action has been against one man -- the guy who exposed it to the public.
So, my Democratic Party friends, if you're going to condemn ALEC for these proposed bills, you should also condemn the Obama administration's war on whistleblowers. If not, then you have no room to squawk.


text:
CABLEVISION OF BOSTON, INC.1 v. Peter SHAMATTA & another,2 trustees.3
In 1985, the Shamattas gave Cablevision of Boston, Inc. (Cablevision), which was then constructing its network of circuits in the South End Section of Boston, written permission to attach wires and equipment to the back of their apartment building at 627 Tremont Street. Those wires and equipment became the conduit for service availability to roughly 400 residential units, some at the Shamattas' apartment building, but most in the surrounding neighborhood. On April 5, 2000, the Shamattas notified Cablevision that they were revoking the permission given in 1985 (except for such wiring as was needed to service the Shamattas' own apartment units 4 ), and on May 5 sent a follow-up letter warning that if Cablevision failed to remove its wires and cable boxes by May 12, the Shamattas would do so themselves.
This litigation ensued. Cablevision filed a complaint seeking damages for breach of contract and for other alleged wrongs, and injunctive relief to block the Shamattas' removal of the wires and equipment. After a hearing, a Superior Court judge, while assuming that Cablevision's rights were only those of a licensee, and hence revocable, granted a “time restricted preliminary injunction” barring the Shamattas from removing the wires and attachments before January 1, 2001.5 Just before that date (as Cablevision would have it) or on January 8, 2001 (as the Shamattas claim), the boxes and wires were removed, leaving for disposition a miscellany of damage claims that were disposed of by summary judgment, which concluded that the Shamattas were in breach of contract, but awarded no damages, and dismissed all other claims and counterclaims.6
Two points only are argued and thus concern us in this appeal by the Shamattas: first their entitlement on their counterclaim to trespass damages for the period between April 5, 2000, and the date of the removal of the attachments; and, second, their entitlement to unjust enrichment damages measured by the profits Cablevision allegedly realized from having roughly 200 customers serviced through the Shamatta lines during that period and the profit it made from having those customers in service on January 1, 2001, when it was to sell its service equipment and contracts to AT & T Corporation (AT & T).
The Shamattas argue that Cablevision was a trespasser upon their property from the date they gave notice that they were revoking the 1985 permission to maintain wires and equipment on their apartment building. There can be little doubt that the permission given to Cablevision in 1985 was a license only. The language of the written permission does not suggest that Cablevision was acquiring thereby an interest in the real estate, only a privilege to attach wires and equipment to the rear wall of the apartment building, analogous to the billboards or signs in Lowell v. Strahan, 145 Mass. 1, 12, 12 N.E. 401 (1887), Jones v. Donnelly, 221 Mass. 213, 217-218, 108 N.E. 1063 (1915), and Gaertner v. Donnelly, 296 Mass. 260, 261-262, 5 N.E.2d 419 (1936). The permission had no stated time limit, and there was no stated consideration. Contrast the time-limited agreement in Baseball Publishing Co. v. Bruton, 302 Mass. 54, 57, 18 N.E.2d 362 (1938), that called for an annual rent payment and was held to establish an easement in gross. The writing here gave Cablevision no interest in the Shamattas' real estate, but a license only.
“[I]t is of the essence of a license that it is revocable at the will of the possessor of the land.” Id. at 56, 18 N.E.2d 362. If the license permitted placing the licensee's chattels on the real estate, however, the revocation does not instantly change the status of a licensee to that of trespasser. The licensee has the right to remove his chattels and to go on the land or in the building for a reasonable time following revocation of the license for the purpose of removing the chattels. Ibid., and cases cited. See Restatement (Second) of Torts § 177 (1965).7 Where, as here, the license contemplated the presence of Cablevision's wires and boxes on the Shamattas' building, the continuing presence of the wires and equipment could not constitute a trespass until a reasonable time had passed for their removal. McNeal v. Emerson, 81 Mass. 384, 15 Gray 384, 385-386 (1860). Drake v. Wells, 93 Mass. 141, 11 Allen 141, 142-143 (1865). See Steiger v. Burroughs, 878 P.2d 131, 135-136 (Colo.Ct.App.1994).
If the parties cannot reach agreement as to how much time is reasonable to effect removal, the question what constitutes a reasonable time is normally treated as one for the finder of fact. Compare Orr v. Keith, 245 Mass. 35, 39, 139 N.E. 508 (1923); Loranger Constr. Corp. v. E.F. Hauserman Co., 6 Mass.App.Ct. 152, 158, 374 N.E.2d 306 (1978), S.C., 376 Mass. 757, 384 N.E.2d 176 (1978). Compare also Flagship Cruises, Ltd. v. New England Merchants Natl. Bank, 569 F.2d 699, 702 (1st Cir.1978). What is reasonable depends in part on the nature of the chattels to be removed and the difficulty of effecting removal without unnecessary destruction. Contrast, for example, the removal of a load of cut wood, described in Drake v. Wells, supra, or reclaiming a heifer, as in Smith v. Hale, 158 Mass. 178, 33 N.E. 493 (1893), with the removal of a historic house from one site to another, involving complicated structural and mechanical calculations, coordination of multiple specialized services, and the procurement of various licenses for passage of the house on public ways. See Steiger v. Burroughs, supra (four months to remove 1,800-square-foot house).
Here the judge correctly regarded the wires and transmission equipment of Cablevision not simply as gadgets that could be quickly ripped from the wall and wires that could be snipped, but as part of an interlocked system that should not be destroyed without reasonable efforts to avoid interruption of service to hundreds of households. He properly fixed a reasonable period of time, taking into account the establishment of alternate transmission lines and securing the licenses and permits necessary for their construction. See Restatement (Second) of Torts § 177 comment e.
No argument is made that the time the judge fixed-seven months-was not reasonable for that work, based on the affidavits and representations of counsel before him.8 Rather, the Shamattas' contention is only that Cablevision was a trespasser from the date of the Shamattas' original letter of revocation on April 5, 2000, and that Cablevision, as a wrongdoer from that time until year's end, should be made to pay to the Shamattas, as damages for its unjust enrichment, the earnings from its cable service to the 200 customers served by use of the Shamatta circuits, plus the penalty Cablevision avoided in its deal with AT & T by having retained the 200 households as customers-in-service on January 1, 2001.
The Shamattas' claims for damages fail because Cablevision was not a trespasser on their property during the reasonable time it took to establish the alternate circuits to ensure continuation of service. To rule otherwise would put licensees at risk of extortionate demands occasioned by opportunistic or bad faith revocations, a result warned against by decisions such as Giles v. Simonds, 81 Mass. 441, 15 Gray 441, 443 (1860), and Drake v. Wells, 93 Mass. 141, 11 Allen at 143; and whether that principle is phrased as an “implied irrevocable license,” see ibid., and Smith v. Hale, 158 Mass. at 183, 33 N.E. 493, or as a breach of an implied duty of good faith and fair dealing,9 as the judge who ruled on summary judgment did, does not affect the result. Cablevision must be allowed a reasonable period of time to establish new circuitry before removal of the old and should not be required to pay damages during that reasonable period.10 See Steiger v. Burroughs, 878 P.2d at 135-136. There being no argument that the time fixed by the judge to do that job exceeded a reasonable period (see note 8, supra ), the Shamattas' counterclaims were properly dismissed.11
We recognize that in a case bearing some factual similarities to this one, Nelson v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 270 Mass. 471, 170 N.E. 416 (1930), the telephone company's occupation of Nelson's farm by maintaining a line of poles and wires for years following notice of revocation was said to be an “illegal and continuous trespass,” and the company was made (in addition to removing the poles) to pay trespass damages from the date of revocation. There are two important differences between that case and this one. First, the issue in that case was only whether the judge had discretion to deny Nelson a mandatory injunction compelling removal, due to the disproportion between the expense to the company of removal and the relatively minuscule damages to Nelson's farm caused by the poles. Second, the telephone company made no effort to remove its poles and wires or to prove the time that would be reasonable for effecting removal, arguing only that it should not be required to do so. Here Cablevision did set to that task and effected removal within or only slightly beyond the reasonable time fixed by the judge for that work.12 Cablevision was not a trespasser during that reasonable period.
4. General Laws c. 166A, § 22, requires a landlord to cooperate in installing cable facilities in the landlord's own building if one or more tenants or occupants intend to subscribe. The landlord may be entitled to damages as for a land taking. See Waltham Tele-Communications v. O'Brien, 403 Mass. 747, 749 n. 6, 532 N.E.2d 656 (1989), and cases cited.
5. The judge wrote: “It would grate against principles of Equity for the Court to permit immediate removal of the cable boxes as that would effectively extinguish cable service for approximately 200 cable customers who are in no way privy to the dispute between the [parties]․ [G]ranting of relief leaves the [Shamattas] in a status quo position with no tangible prejudice that can not be addressed by money damages in the future․”
6. The judge's theory was that there was breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and no damages were awarded because the wires were removed in the reasonable period of time specified by the injunction.
7. Section 177 provides as follows: “If the possessor consents to the presence on the land of a thing which is to be removed at some time thereafter, and if such consent is terminated or suspended, one entitled to the immediate possession of the thing is privileged, as against such possessor and his transferee, to be on the land at a reasonable time for the purpose of removing the thing in a reasonable manner and with reasonable promptness, unless he knows or has reason to know the time of such termination or suspension a reasonable period in advance.”
8. The Shamattas do argue that the ten days they allowed Cablevision in their letter of April 5, 2000, was more than a reasonable time, as evidenced by the fact that the workmen who effected the removal in early January, 2001, took less than half a day for the job. The contention misses the point: the measure of reasonable time must include the construction of alternate circuits prior to the physical removal of the excess wires and equipment attached to the Shamattas' building.
9. Because there was only a license, not a contract, the implied duty of good faith and dealing could seemingly be relevant only by way of analogy.
10. Even if the Shamattas could have shown trespass as of April 5, 2000, their theory of damages, disgorgement of all of Cablevision's profits and unincurred penalties, encounters serious problems in the authorities. See Restatement of Restitution § 129 illus. 1 (1936) (victim of trespass to land not entitled to disgorgement of profits, only reasonable rental value of use). But see 1 Palmer, Restitution §§ 2.5, 2.12 (1978) (suggesting that where reasonable rental value cannot be ascertained, recovery of profits minus defendant's contribution to their creation may be appropriate).
11. Judgment was entered on the parties' cross motions for summary judgment. It could be argued that a material issue of fact remained in dispute: whether removal of the wires was effected by January 1, 2001, the end of the reasonable time fixed by the judge, or not until January 8, 2001, as the Shamattas contend. The measure of damages for a trespass during that seven-day period would be the difference in the rental value of the Shamattas' apartments with and without the removed wires and equipment. See Belkus v. Brockton, 282 Mass. 285, 288, 184 N.E. 812 (1933); Fenton v. Quaboag Country Club, Inc., 353 Mass. 534, 539, 233 N.E.2d 216 (1968). Such damages could not be more than nominal and would not warrant remand of the case for further proceedings. Particularly is this true when it is recalled that Cablevision was to remove only some, not all, of the attached wires and equipment. See note 4, supra.
12. It is worth noting that the trial court in Nelson was ordered on remand to determine a reasonable time for the telephone company to remove its poles and restore Nelson's land. Id. at 482, 170 N.E. 416. Nothing was said of whether damages were to be assessed during that period, the point that would be of direct relevance to the present case.

domain: law


text:
Whale watching in the mid Atlantic islands of the Azores is a magical experience, especially in and around the island of Pico… on this island and specifically the historic whaling village of Lajes Do Pico you will find the best facilities for this wonderful nature experience. It’s really unbelievable!… just off the coast of this village you will be able to witness an incredible abundance of various whale and dolphin species, they are just waiting for your visit… this will definitely be an experience that you will never forget.
An important thing to remember about the area is that in the Azores, the whale-watching season is from May to October…this is more to do with the weather not the migrations of the whales and dolphins, which are seen year round, so these wonderful creatures are usually hanging around.
Cetaceans are attracted to the area of Pico, Azores mainly due to the abundance of food there and the great thing about the area is that so many different species are seen. In recent years we have identified 20 species in the Azores or nearly 25% of all the world’s known species… taking all of this into account you can see why the Azores is regarded by some as one of the top three destinations worldwide for whale and dolphin watching, not too mention swimming with the dolphins…and in Pico Azores, you are in there environment.
Carlos The Travel Guy knows Pico Azores; he can tailor make the best possible travel package to meet your needs….we can fly you to Pico from any major airport, and our Pico travel partners are the most professional in the industry…Come and visit us in beautiful Pico, Azores.

domain: biology


text:
Card cloner suspects arrested in sting
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Rustenburg – Three men have been arrested for cloning bank cards in Emalahleni, previously known as Witbank, Mpumalanga, the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation, better known as the Hawks, said.
Spokesperson Colonel Katlego Mogale said the Hawks Serious Commercial Crime Investigation based in Middelburg and a Standard Bank Intelligence team conducted an operation on Friday in the Emalahleni CBD. It led to the arrest of the three suspects for contravention of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act.
“The suspects were allegedly cloning bank cards when they were caught with a number of bank cards with a NexGo VodaPay MaxPay device in the CBD.
“The bank cards and the device were seized. The suspects, aged between 42 and 49, were detained. They were charged with possession of suspected stolen property and contravention of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act,“ she said
They were due to appear in the Witbank Magistrate’s Court today (Monday).
In a separate incident, Colonel Mogale said that Johan Daniel Mabunda and Danmnqobi All Traders (entity) pleaded guilty to fraud charges in the Nelspruit Magistrate’s Court on Friday.
"During the 2020 tax season, on behalf of the entity, Mabunda submitted fraudulent tax returns to the South African Revenue Service and R505 348 was paid out.
“Irregularities were discovered and the Nelspruit-based team of the Hawks Serious Commercial Crime Investigation team were informed for further investigation.
"The accused withdrew R5 348 and R500 000 was recovered. The accused was summoned to answer to the fraud and theft charges which led to the conviction," she said.
Mabunda was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment and the entity was fined R50 000, both suspended on condition that the withdrawn cash is paid before the end of February 2022.


text: A collaborative filtering system (CF) aims at filtering huge amount of information, in order to guide users of web applications towards items that might interest them. Such a system, consists in recommending a set of personalized items for an active user, according to the preferences of other similar users. Existing methods, such as memory and Matrix Factorization (MF) approaches can achieve very good recommendation accuracy, unfortunately they are computationally very expensive. Applying such approaches to real-world applications in which users, items and ratings are frequently updated remains therefore a challenge. To address this problem, we propose a novel efficient incremental CF system, based on a weighted clustering approach. Our system is designed to provide a high quality of recommendations with a very low computation cost. In contrast to existing incremental methods, the complexity of our approach does not depend on the number of users and items. Our CF system is therefore suitable for dynamic settings, involving huge databases, in which available information evolves rapidly (i.e, submission of new ratings, update of existing ratings, appearance of new users and new items). Numerical experiments, conducted on several real-world datasets, confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of our method, by demonstrating that it is significantly better than existing incremental CF methods in terms of both scalability and recommendation quality.


text:
Passes for city attractions and rail trips save you a ton of money
“Why on Earth are you visiting Mulhouse?” the man in the window seat asked when he detected my American accent. I said I planned to visit two of the French city’s best museums, which are devoted to transportation: Cite du Train and Cite de l’Automobile.
Clearly unimpressed, he returned to his reading. I didn’t bother explaining that I planned to see these attractions and a few others, with my Mulhouse City Pass, which includes, for 18 euros (about $20), free admission to one attraction or museum of your choice, discounts to nine others, and unlimited transit on the city buses and trams.
Two dozen French cities, including Aix, Avignon, Nancy, Metz, Paris and Strasbourg, sell similar passes in 24-, 48- or 72-hour versions that cost between 15 and 74 euros (about $17 to $82). The most famous and most expensive of these is the Paris Museum Pass, sold in two-, four- and six-day versions; it allows unlimited visits to the city’s museums and monuments (see “Mona Lisa” as often as you like) for 48 ($53), 62 ($68) or 74 ($82) euros.
France isn’t the only place that does this. You’ll find passes in many major cities in the U.S. and Europe, as well as in Asia and Australia. They save money compared with buying separate admissions, and most passes allow you to skip ticket lines.
Some passes are what I’ll call “officially issued,” meaning they’re created and sponsored by the cities’ tourism organizations. Several private companies sell their own branded passes to destinations around the globe, sometimes alongside those sponsored by a local authority.
Who sells what
Prices vary depending on when you go and where, when you buy and how long you wish to stay, and they are subject to change and occasional sales. As with any pass purchase, figure out what you want to see and do and compare individual admission costs with the price of the pass.
Among the passes:
Citypass.com: Atlanta; Boston; Chicago; Dallas; Denver; Houston; New York City; Orlando, Fla.; Philadelphia; San Francisco; Seattle; Southern California; Tampa, Fla.; and Toronto. All non-official.
CityPasses.eu: Official and non-official passes to Amsterdam; Antwerp, Belgium; Athens; Barcelona, Spain; Berlin; Brussels; Budapest, Hungary; Cape Town, South Africa; Copenhagen; Dubai; Dublin, Ireland; Florence, Italy; Jerusalem; Lisbon; London; Madrid; Milan, Italy; New York; Paris; Porto, Portugal; Prague, Czech Republic; Rome; Salzburg, Austria; Seville and Valencia, Spain; Venice, Italy; and Vienna.
SightseeingPass.com: New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Nashville, London; Los Angeles, New Orleans; Málaga, Spain; Miami, Key West and Orlando, Fla.; Puerto Rico; Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee; Washington, D.C. A USA pass allows entry to 13 U.S. destinations. All non-official.
iVenturecard.com: Athens; Barcelona; Cape Town; Dubai; Gold Coast of Australia; Hong Kong/Macau; London; Los Angeles; Madrid; Melbourne, Australia; San Francisco; Singapore; Stockholm; Sydney and Tasmania, Australia; Thailand. All non-official.
Leisurepassgroup.com: Non-official for Barcelona; Berlin; Boston; Cancún, Mexico; Chicago; Dublin; Dubai; Hong Kong; Las Vegas; London; Los Angeles; Miami; New York; Oahu, Hawaii; Orlando; Paris; Philadelphia; San Antonio; San Diego; San Francisco; Shanghai; Sydney; Washington. It also sells official passes issued by Aarhus, Denmark; Amsterdam; Antwerp; Blackpool, England; Copenhagen; Gothenburg, Sweden; Helsinki; Lyon, France; Oslo; Stockholm; and Vienna.
Turbopass.com: Athens; Barcelona; Berlin; Dubai; Florence; Hamburg, Germany; London; Mallorca, Spain; Munich, Germany; New York; Paris; Rome; and Venice; both official and non-official.
If Japan is in your travel plans, the Tokyo Museum Grutto Pass includes free or discounted admission to 95 museums, zoos, gardens and other attractions for 2,200 yen, about $21.
Eurail, which may be the best-known rail pass, underwent some changes for 2019, which the company says are the most significant in its 60 years. The Global Pass covers 31 countries including, for the first time, Britain. Macedonia and Lithuania also have been added. There is now a 10% senior discount, a youth discount of up to 23%, and a second-class option that costs 25% less than the traditional first-class passes. Eurail also sells passes for individual countries. Global Passes for an adult begin at $254 for travel on any three days within a month and climb to $1,049 for three months of unlimited travel.
Switzerland offers its own Swiss Travel Pass with unlimited free or discounted train, bus and boat travel as well as free admission to more than 500 museums and other cultural attractions. A three-consecutive-day pass for second-class travel costs $245 with a 15% discount for those 16 to 25. The most expensive version is a first-class 15-day pass for $853. Children younger than 16 travel free with an accompanying adult.
Britain’s National Trust Touring Pass lets you visit more than 300 historic houses and gardens in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland over seven consecutive days for $43 or 14 days for $49.50, with discounts for couples and families.
The English Heritage Overseas Visitors Pass, valid for nine or 16 consecutive days for $45.50 or $55, admits holders to more than 100 venues, including Stonehenge and Dover Castle.
The Historic Scotland Explorer Pass includes free admission to more than 70 attractions (40 in winter) with fast-track entry where offered. A five-day pass for those 16 to 59 costs $44 and a 14-day pass, $56.50, with discounts for seniors and families.
Announced in July, the Inspirato Pass bills itself as “endless stays in luxury vacation homes, hotels, and resorts” for $2,500 a month. The initial purchase is for six months. Stays range from two to 60 days, and pass holders can book their next stay the day they check out from the previous one.
It's a date
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domain: geography


Milling has been evolved into a method that machines a very broad range of operations. In addition to all the conventional applications, milling is a strong alternative for producing holes, threads, cavities and surfaces that used to be turned, drilled or tapped.
Different types of milling operations:
Having range starting from dia (sign) 10mm to 315mm with inserts APMT11, APMT16, ANHX10, ANHX12, ANHX16, SPMT12 etc.
Long Edge Milling: Having range starting from dia (sign) 12mm to 125mm with inserts APMT11, APMT16, ANHX10, ANHX12, ANHX16, SPMT12 etc.
Solid Carbide Hi Feed End Mills: Wide range starting from dia (Sign) 2mm to 16mm Hi Feed End Mills for die & mould.
Range starting from dia 32mm to 250mm with inserts ONHX 45degree, SNMX45/75/88 degree, SNKU88degree, SEEX45 degree, SEET45degree etc.
Having wide range of Hi Feed Cutters, Round Insert Cutters, Mango Type Inserts, Coin Type Inserts etc.


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The Springfield Police Department has posted crime statistics for 2023 on the SPD website under the "Resources” tab. The Department reports crime statistics monthly to the FBI in accordance with the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). NIBRS divides offenses into two categories, Group A and Group B. Group A offenses include more serious crimes, such as homicides, assaults, thefts and burglaries; while Group B includes offenses such as curfew violations, trespassing and disorderly conduct.
The Springfield Police Department statistics for 2023 show an overall increase of 7% in Group A offenses compared to the previous year. While the Department recognizes the significance of this increase, we feel is important to examine the numbers further. Looking at the reportable offenses month to month, we found that from January through August of 2023, Group A criminal offenses were down 0.69% from the previous year. During September through December these same Group A offenses showed an increase of 21.55% compared to 2022.
The Springfield Police Department has taken several steps which could account for some of the increases in reportable offenses; including taking a proactive effort in the reporting of retail thefts and officer-generated arrests (such as those for drug and weapon offenses). Other increases include motor vehicle thefts and burglaries to vehicles attributed to juvenile offenders. These and other increases are also impacted by the unintended consequences of the No Cash Bond/Pre-Trial Fairness Act.
The Springfield Police Department officials say that they remain committed to the safety of the Springfield community and will continue to work collaboratively with the Sangamon County State’s Attorney’s Office to hold those accountable who choose to commit crimes in Springfield.


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Here is the gift to go with that card, it's a Grandma's Love chipboard scrapbook. the paper is brocade background from Stampin Up, chipboard letters are from Target's dollar spot. The LOVE part spell out :
Just a few words to describe her.... Happy birthday Deb!!!


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Quarterly revenues of $2.637 billion just missed our consensus estimate of $2.641 billion, but this figure still represents growth of almost 35% year-over-year. This report covered the first quarter of fiscal year 2017.
As far as the first quarter is concerned, The company managed to bring 1.42 million domestic and 3.53 million worldwide subscribers to its ranks.
Netflix didn't add as many new users in the last quarter as investors had been expecting, both in the United States and internationally. In comparison the number of new subscribers in the second quarter is lower than the first quarter which was 7.05 million, according to AFP.
USA paid subscribers continued to grow at a slower pace than we previously projected, with trailing 12-month paid net adds at 3.7 million in the quarter, down 32% from 5.4 million at the end of first-quarter 2016, which was down 9% versus 2015.
Q2 subscriber growth guidance (international): 2.6 million, versus Wall Street forecasts 2.1 million.
"That is not a strategy that we think is smart for us since we believe we can earn more viewing and satisfaction from spending that money on movies and TV shows", Netflix said.
In 2017, the company plans to spend more than $US1 billion marketing its content, Netflix said in the shareholder letter.
Loop Capital Markets has a Buy rating on the sharesNetflix, while it lifted its price target for the shares to $172 from $162.
The company previously said it expects to invest more than $6 billion on programming this year, up from $5 billion in 2016.
"Investors ask us about Amazon's move into NFL football".
"The company is likely to continue to experience quarter-to-quarter volatility, as both the pace of subscriber additions and the path to respectable profitability remains hard to determine", wrote Dougherty analyst Steven Frankel in a research note, maintaining his neutral rating.
The service added almost 5 million subscribers during the first three months of the year, and will end March with 98.7 million customers in roughly 190 countries.
"With a growing member base spread across the world, we seek to please diverse tastes with a wide breadth of content", Netflix said. Baird remains positive on the global growth opportunity, but views valuation as fair in light of increasing competition, rising content costs and steep free cash flow losses, which the company expects to continue. "Starting this year, we can be primarily measured by revenue growth and (global) operating margins as our primary metrics".


I’m all about this:
Seattle stop signs tend to have the relatively unhelpful “No parking within 30 feet” signs below them, but in my experience those signs simply prove how bad people are at (a) gauging distances, or (b) following the law. Assuming they’re not intended simply to be another revenue-generator for law enforcement, I would think that the practice of daylighting intersections would be far more effective. And not only at stop signs, but at mid-block crosswalks as well.
Update: It occurs to me that the mid-block crosswalk on Queen Anne Ave N has exactly this setup:


Photo: James Bombales
Breakups often leave us with dirty tissues, empty pints of Ben & Jerry’s and that dreaded cardboard box of our ex’s belongings. Cutting down on clutter after a split can be a cathartic experience, but for many, it gives rise to a whole host of feelings — sadness, anger, frustration, hopelessness. “Clutter puts an emotional burden on you when it’s just sitting there,” explains Rachael Stafford, President and Principal Organizer/Stager at Order In The House. If you’re looking to rid your home of bad breakup ju-ju, follow these seven expert decluttering tips (and maybe get yourself a ceremonial sage bundle).
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1. Identify sentimental clutter
“Sentimental items are those that remind us of a particular event or person, or were given to us by someone special,” says Stafford. “These items become sentimental clutter when they no longer bring us joy or we feel obliged to hold onto them.” Getting rid of a painting your ex made for you will not erase that memory, it’ll just clear up valuable space in your storage unit. Take a photo of the item if you must, and donate it to a local thrift shop — then pray your ex isn’t the next Gerhard Richter.
2. Resist the urge to burn your ex’s belongings
“I suggest giving your ex their belongings back,” says Stafford. “Obviously after a breakup we’re often angry or hurt, and we may do things out of that anger. If you throw out your ex’s belongings you may regret that later.” If an item does belong to you, but harbors painful memories, donate or dispose of it. “If you’re not ready for such drastic change, pack up some of the more sentimental items into one or two boxes — not a whole truckload — and store them away until you’re ready to go through them in the future.”
Photo: James Bombales
3. Don’t rush to discard all the sentimental items
“Sometimes we part ways with someone because we need a break or the timing just isn’t right, and eventually you get back together in a healthier version of the relationship,” says Stafford. If there’s a chance you will reconnect in the future, Stafford warns against discarding certain sentimental or high-value items, such as photos or jewelry. “If you’re really struggling with just one or a few items, it doesn’t hurt to hold onto them and then set a reminder to check back in in a couple months to see if you’re now ready to let them go.”
4. Know when to ask for help
“A friend or a professional organizer can be impartial and ask you why you’re struggling to let go of an item,” notes Stafford. “They can help you reflect on what’s holding you back so you can make a decision.” Inviting a friend over or making an appointment with a professional organizer also forces you to allot time for decluttering. “We live such busy lives, when we have a moment of free time, the last thing we want to do is declutter,” says Stafford. Scheduling a date and time makes it that much harder to put off. Stafford says it’s best to go the professional route if “the clutter is causing you a lot of overwhelming anxiety” or has “been on your to-do list for some time and you still haven’t gotten to it.”
5. Sanitize your online presence
“Our social profiles should reflect who we are, as well as the people and things that we love,” says Stafford. “It’s okay to include photos from the past, but they should reflect who you are today.” If you think that so-called “blind date” your coworker set you up with hasn’t creeped through the past five years of your Instagram feed, you are sadly mistaken. “I think that we should keep our profiles current, relevant and tasteful for the public,” says Stafford. “If you’ve just gone through a divorce and you have kids, you may not want to erase the father of your children off your Facebook page, but it’s best to take down wedding photos or other romantic moments.”
Photo: James Bombales
6. Start small if you’re feeling all the #feels
“Decluttering after a breakup could potentially be very emotional, so I would suggest choosing a specific area and allocating the right amount of time to complete that project from start to finish,” says Stafford. “Start with a drawer or a small closet, enlist someone to help and give yourself one hour.” Stafford also laments the importance of taking breaks. “Recharge and reflect on the decisions you still have to make, the decluttering process, and how you feel you’re doing so far,” she notes.
7. Banish bad energy
“Clutter holds onto negative energy,” explains Stafford. “Getting rid of it allows new positive energy to flow through your home.” Misery loves company, and surrounding yourself with mementos that evoke feelings of sadness will prevent you from moving on or finding joy. “Ridding yourself of that clutter will bring new opportunities into your life.”


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Chroma-Q, Vista by Chroma-Q and PROLIGHTS, supplied by A.C. Entertainment Technologies (AC-ET), were put through their paces at Arcola Theatre during a recent production of the Opera, Die Valkure.
As part of Grimeborn Opera Festival 2021, Arcola Theatre, in association with Hackney Empire, worked alongside Orpheus Sinfonia, an orchestra of 18 musicians to bring to life Jonathan Dove’s stirring adaptation of Richard Wagner’s magical opera.
Lighting Designer and Programmer, Robert Price helped amplify the narration through lighting. For this he used an extensive rig which featured Chroma-Q Color Force IIT battens, PROLIGHTS EclProfile FC, EclProfile CT+ and Vista by Chroma-Q lighting and media control, as well as a number of other industry leading brands.
“The Lighting Design for this show was centred around a few main points. Setting the scene, guiding the story from place to place, enhancing mood / tone, reinforcing the drama that was happening on stage and conveying the emotions of characters,” Price said. “I was asked to not only light the set and actors but to also incorporate the entire stage space into the action. For this production there was no masking to the LX bars. The Grid, Fly frame and bare walls were all in view, including the lighting fixtures themselves, that I also incorporated into parts of the set.”
Due to time restraints, Price required a versatile rig that was quick to build and program. For this reason, the entire rig consisted of LED moving and colour changing fixtures so no colour filters or overhead focusing was required – speed and ease of use was a big influence when Robert was specifying his lighting design.
Chroma-Q Color Force II were used as an upstage ground-row backlight that not only put the entire set into silhouette but also beautifully lit the underside of the lighting rig. They were a key fixture throughout the performance, accenting some of the most important moments of the piece.
“I chose Color Force II for their raw power, wide beam angle, smooth dimming and excellent colour rendering”, explained Price. “Furthermore, using them in their full pixel control mode, combined with Vista’s FX engine and timeline, meant that I could create a fire effect that starts from a single pixel and then slowly grows over the battens, eventually engulfing the entire rig, before closing back down to that single pixel once again,” he explained. “Color Force II performed perfectly on this project. They are incredibly easy to setup, utilising the inbuilt touch screen, and focussing the fixtures was straight forward – thanks to the quick release yoke. The physical design of the fixtures also enables the battens to sit flush against each other.”
The PROLIGHTS EclProfile FC and the EclProfile CT+ were implemented directly into the set, becoming a major part of the overall aesthetic. “They were the work horses for this show, I wanted as much of the performance to be as side lit as possible. Therefore, both profile types ended up providing the majority of the face light and stage wash. From technical rehearsal all the way through to the performance – they were brilliant!” Price enthused. “Most importantly was that the calibration from unit to unit was exactly the same, so I didn’t have to waste precious time tweaking lighting console colour presets to create a colour match, Both Profile types had great colour mixing and plenty of punch, but the EclProfile CT+ was the star of the show in terms of tungsten emulation. I found them very intuitive to work with and having a nice calibrated ‘tungsten’ as a factory default made everything incredibly easy. Furthermore, in ‘extended’ mode you can have precise control over everything, should you need that extra fine level of detail.”
Speaking about his use of Vista by Chroma-Q, Price commented: “For this project I used the latest release of Vista V3 with a Vista S1 and two M1 control surfaces. The overall workflow that Vista has in terms of speed and ease of use helped me greatly on this project. Thanks to Vista’s layout and Live edit mode everything I needed was in one place, which meant I could look at the stage more than my screen. The ability to set my lighting plan as a background image and overlay my fixture controls meant that I also didn’t have to refer to any paperwork and could further concentrate on creating great looking cues.
Price praised Vista’s timeline as one of his most-used features on the console, allowing him to build complex timings over any parameter within seconds. ‘Extracts’ also meant that he could take any sequence of events from one fixture type and then instantly programme them on another.
While ‘Q-View’ was another feature that I could not do without. “Q-View allowed me to jump to any cue and edit it blind, while still having a perfect graphical representation of what was happening in that cue on screen,” he added. “Finally, Vista’s GUI allowed me to see how any newly programmed events would track through my cuelist in real time, meaning there was no guesswork about what was happening on stage when. Vista performed extremely well on this project, V3 has all the features I need and it can keep up with the most demanding programming tasks. Hardware and software are responsive, robust and reliable.”
In closing, Price praised the technical lighting supplier of the project. “Working with AC-ET is always a pleasure!” Price concluded. “They have supported me on numerous projects over the years, not only with great fixtures and equipment, but also good advice, feedback, professional and friendly customer service and fantastic tech support. I cannot recommend them highly enough!”


Robotics is a combination of electronics, mechanics and programming or in a technical language, it is an electromechanical controlled device. The basic characteristic of robots is that user instructs them to perform various type of activities. Well, the type of activity more or less depends on the program which is fed into the controller. It is the task of controller to control the electronics and mechanics of the activity which is to be performed.
Basically, we are here to design and build a controller which controls the robot. Now if you want to build a robot that has four wheels and each one is driven by four individual motors and it faces an obstacles forward. A sensor installed inside senses an obstacle in front of the robot and notifies a controller. The controller in turn changes the direction of rotation of motors making the robot turn sideways or reverse, thus avoiding an obstacle. This is how it works. It is the role of controller, which develops a robot and I am here to talk about robots that can be controlled by a TV or any IR remote and is based on Arduino.
Start Controlling the Robot Using TV or IR Remote.
IR remote or IR communication principle is responsible for the working of Remote controls for all Electronic Appliances be it TV, DVD, etc. The principle on which it work is that they transmit a code. Those codes are in the form of IR pulses which is decoded by the receiver to carry out a specific operation. Every key has already been assigned a specific code based on a certain standard protocol developed by the manufacturer.
IR remote provides the opportunity of using the cheapest way of controlling the wireless devises. A TV signal decoder compatible with all most all TV remotes is difficult to find but a handmade one can be found in limited shops. With some modifications in the power supply for direct 5V Vcc, it is possible to create a decoder module.
Atmega8 development board is used in building a robot. Basically it is a circuit board which is required to transfer your thoughts to the robot controllers. It can be utilized as the resource in various site or across the web to build your own robot.
Arduino Uno and USB cable
100rpm dc motors
IR receiver(SM0038 or TSOP1738)
L293D motor driver IC
Chassis and wheels
9V batteries(2 nos)
A Motor driver L293d- L293D is integrated circuit. Its purpose is to drive DC motors rotating in either direction. Further, it is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously. The L293D motor driver uses 5V for its own power and external power source which is needed to drive the motors. It can be up to 36V and draw up to 600mA.
L293D motor driver is frequently used in robotics applications due to its size and voltage requirement. It is used for controlling DC motors, including in Arduino projects. Moreover, the L293D is also a key component in larger ‘motor driver’ boards which is available in premade form for hobbyists.
Robots are not the only one which we see in movies or games. Anything that can be controlled either wirelessly or with wire, is a robot. The TV Remote which is always settled down in your hand most of the time could do all controlling of Robot.
Filed Under: Reviews


March 11, 2014
by Jason Hughes, posted Nov 30th 2009 5:01PM
After the breakout success of Lost in 2004, the following year saw three big-budget attempts at science fiction series with dense continuity. Unfortunately, it also saw those three series ultimately fail to hang on to their viewers, through internal problems or network mismanagement, and fans were left with three frustrating cliffhangers.
While they were allowed to complete more episodes than many series that followed them, I suspect this trinity of cancellations is a big reason current TV viewers are nervous about jumping on board complex shows with intricate continuity and details.
I watched Surface, Threshold and Invasion that season, but always found myself much more involved with the stories and drama unfolding on the latter of the three. Despite Katrina-related sensitivity due to its hurricane-themed opening, Invasion did an amazing job of building tension during a possible alien infiltration. V could learn a thing or two from this show.
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The Association of Ukrainian Producers “Ice Cream and Frozen Products” is a public association established in October 2001, in which participate about 40 organizations. These organizations are Ukrainian producers of ice cream and frozen products and organizations related to mentioned industry, scientific institutions and organizations for advertising and publishing.
The Association protects the rights and interests of Ukrainian producers, promotes the development of ice cream production, frozen products and cold industry, provides information support to enterprises, develops mutually beneficial foreign economic relations, strengthens the research and production potential of enterprises.
In addition, the Association improves the regulatory and technical basis of ice cream and frozen products production sectors through the development of regulatory documents, additions and amendments to existing national standards, and reviews and approves them by the relevant Technical Committees.
The Association actively advocates the positions of enterprises, participating in the preparation and discussion of draft laws of Ukraine and other legislative acts.


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1940s Donegal tweed Jacket
A High Quality 1940s Donegal Tweed Jacket
Made from a heavy weight Donegal tweed in a caramel colour; it would not look out of place on the set of the film 39 Steps. A Classic tweed country jacket with a fitted style. It is lined in a caramel lining from Heritage weavers, the Corozo buttons are from Jones & Co. A truly splendid piece that will work particularly well with our Errol trousers. A great investment for any vintage style enthusiast.
Made in England.

domain: design