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Location Disneyland Resort, Anaheim, California, U.S.A. Theme Magic Kingdom Website Disneyland Resort Homepage Owner The Walt Disney Company Operated By Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Disneyland Resort
Disney California Adventure
Resort Hotels Downtown Disney District
Disneyland Park is a theme park located in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division of the Walt Disney Company. Known as Disneyland when it opened on July 18, 1955, and still almost universally referred to by that name, it is the only theme park to be designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. In 1998, the theme park was re-branded "Disneyland Park" to distinguish it from the larger Disneyland Resort complex.
Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s. He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit; however, he soon realized that the proposed site was too small. After hiring a consultant to help determine an appropriate site for his project, Walt bought a 160-acre (65 ha) site near Anaheim in 1953. Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a special televised press event on July 17, 1955.
Since its opening, Disneyland has undergone a number of expansions and renovations, including the addition of New Orleans Square in 1966, Bear Country (now Critter Country) in 1972, and Mickey's Toontown in 1993. Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneyland's original parking lot and opened in 2001.
Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with close to 600 million guests since it opened. In 2010, 15.98 million people visited the park, making it the second most visited park in the world that calendar year.
“ To all who come to this happy place: Welcome. Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past, and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the hard facts that have created America, with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world. ”
—Walter E. Disney, July 17, 1955 4:43pm
Concept and construction
The concept for Disneyland began when Walt Disney was visiting Griffith Park in Los Angeles with his daughters Diane and Sharon. While watching them ride the merry-go-round, he came up with the idea of a place where adults and their children could go and have fun together. His dream lay dormant for many years. Walt Disney also may have been influenced by his father's memories of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago (his father worked at the Exposition). The Midway Plaisance there included a set of attractions representing various countries from around the world and others representing various periods of man; it also included many rides including the first Ferris wheel, a "sky" ride, a passenger train that circled the perimeter, and a Wild West Show. Another likely influence was Benton Harbor, Michigan's nationally famous House of David's Eden Springs Park. Walt Disney visited the park and ultimately bought one of the older miniature trains originally used there; the colony had the largest miniature railway setup in the world at the time.
While many people wrote letters to Walt Disney about visiting the Disney Studio, he realized that a functional movie studio had little to offer to the visiting fans. This began to foster ideas of building a site near his Burbank studios for tourists to visit. His ideas then evolved to a small play park with a boat ride and other themed areas. Disney's initial concept, his "Mickey Mouse Park", started with an 8-acre (3.2 ha) plot across Riverside Drive. Disney started to visit other parks for inspiration and ideas, including Tivoli Gardens in Denmark, Efteling in The Netherlands and Greenfield Village, Playland, and Children's Fairyland in the USA. He started his designers working on concepts, but these would grow into a project much larger than could be contained in 8 acres (3.2 ha).
Disney hired a consultant, Harrison Price from Stanford Research Institute, to gauge the proper area to locate the theme park based on the area's potential growth. With the report from Price, Disney acquired 160 acres (65 ha) of orange groves and walnut trees in Anaheim, southeast of Los Angeles in neighboring Orange County.
Difficulties in obtaining funding prompted Disney to investigate new methods of fundraising. He decided to use television, and created a show named Disneyland which was broadcast on the then-fledgling ABC television network. In return, the network agreed to help finance the new park. For the first five years of its operation, Disneyland was owned by Disneyland, Inc., which was jointly owned by Walt Disney Productions, Walt Disney, Western Publishing and ABC. In addition, Disney rented out many of the shops on Main Street, U.S.A. to outside companies. By 1960 Walt Disney Productions completely bought out ABC's, Western Publishing and Walt Disney's shares.
Construction began on July 16, 1954 and cost $17 million to complete. The park was opened one year and one day later. U.S. Route 101 (later Interstate 5) was under construction at the same time just to the north of the site; in preparation for the traffic Disneyland was expected to bring, two more lanes were added to the freeway before the park was finished.
July 1955: Dedication Day and Opening Day
Disneyland Park was opened to the public on July 18, 1955 with only 20 attractions. A special "International Press Preview" event was held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network.
The event did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation-only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. Only 11,000 people were expected to show up, but a staggering 28,154 was the eventual population. Movie stars and other famous figures scheduled to come every two hours showed up all at once. All major roads nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 °C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's drinking fountains dry. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains or running toilets and he chose the latter.
This generated negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; disappointed guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank into it. Vendors ran out of food. A gas leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland, Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon. Some parents were seen throwing their children over the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur Carrousel.
The park got such bad press for the "International Press Preview" that Walt Disney invited attendees back for a private "second day" to experience Disneyland properly. In later years Disney and his 1955 executives referred to July 17, 1955 as "Black Sunday". Today, cast members wear pin badges on July 17 in celebration of the park's anniversary, stating how many years it has been since the 1955 opening. But for the first decade or so, Disney officially stated that opening day was on July 18, 1955 and celebrated the 18th as its Anniversary. For example, a 1967 Disneyland press release referred to July 17, 1955, as "Dedication Day" and not "Opening Day."
On Opening Day, Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with admission ticket number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1 from Curtis Lineberry, the manager of admissions. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5) and Michael Schwartner (7); the photo of the three carries an inaccurate caption identifying the children as the first two guests of Disneyland. Watkins and Schwartner both received lifetime passes to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Disney-owned park in the world. Approximately 50,000 guests attended the Monday Opening day.
The early years
In September 1959, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev spent thirteen days in the United States. On his visit Khrushchev had two requests: to visit Disneyland and to meet John Wayne, Hollywood's top box-office draw. Due to the Cold War tension and security concerns, he was famously denied an excursion to Disneyland. The Shah of Iran and Empress Farah were invited to Disneyland by Walt Disney in early 1960s. The video of the Shah and Disney riding the Matterhorn roller coaster is available on YouTube.
There was some controversy about the lack of African American employees at the park. Since 1963, civil rights activists were pressuring Disneyland to start hiring black people. The Disneyland executives said they would "consider" their requests. Despite a lack of Black employees, Disneyland had hired people of Asian descent like Ty Wong and Bob Kuwahara.
1990s transition: Park becomes Resort
In the late 1990s, work began to expand on the one-park, one-hotel property. Disneyland Park, the Disneyland Hotel and the site of the original parking lot as well as acquired surrounding properties were earmarked to become part of a greater vacation resort development. The new components of this resort were to be another theme park, Disney's California Adventure Park; a shopping, dining and entertainment complex, Downtown Disney; a remodeled Disneyland Hotel; Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa; and the acquisition of the Pan Pacific Hotel (later to be remodeled and renamed Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel). Because the existing parking lot (south of Disneyland) was built upon by these projects, the six-level, 10,250-space Mickey and Friends parking structure was constructed in the northwest corner of the property. At the time of its completion in 2000, it was the largest parking structure in the United States.
The park's management team during the mid-1990s was a source of controversy among Disneyland fans and employees. In an effort to boost profits, various changes began by then-executives Cynthia Harriss and Paul Pressler. While their actions provided a short-term increase in shareholder returns, they drew widespread criticism from employees and guests alike for the lack of foresight. With the retail background of Harriss and Pressler, Disneyland's focus gradually shifted from attractions to merchandising. Outside consultants McKinsey & Company were also brought in to help streamline operations, which resulted in many changes and cutbacks. After nearly a decade of deferred maintenance, Walt Disney's original theme park was showing visible signs of neglect. Fans of the park decried the perceived decline in customer value and park quality and rallied for the dismissal of the management team.
Disneyland in the 21st century
Matt Ouimet, formerly the president of the Disney Cruise Line, was promoted to assume leadership of the Disneyland Resort in late 2003. Shortly afterward, he selected Greg Emmer as Senior Vice President of Operations. Emmer is a long-time Disney cast member who had worked at Disneyland in his youth prior to moving to Florida and held multiple executive leadership positions at the Walt Disney World Resort. Ouimet quickly set about reversing certain trends, especially with regards to cosmetic maintenance and a return to the original infrastructure maintenance schedule, in hopes of restoring the safety record of the past. Much like Walt Disney himself, Ouimet and Emmer could often be seen walking the park during business hours with members of their respective staff. They wore cast member name badges, stood in line for attractions and welcomed comments from guests.
In July 2006, Matt Ouimet announced that he would be leaving The Walt Disney Company to become president of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide. Soon after this announcement, Ed Grier, executive managing director of Walt Disney Attractions Japan, was named president of the Disneyland Resort. Greg Emmer retired from his job on February 8, 2008. In October 2009, Ed Grier announced his retirement, and was replaced by George Kalogridis as the new President of the Disneyland Resort.
The "Happiest Homecoming on Earth" was an eighteen-month-long celebration (held through 2005 and 2006) of the 50th anniversary of the Disneyland theme park, which opened on July 18, 1955. The Happiest Celebration on Earth commemorated fifty years of Disney theme parks, and celebrated Disneyland's milestone throughout Disney parks all over the globe. In 2004, the park undertook a number of major renovation projects in preparation for its fiftieth anniversary celebration.
Many classic attractions were restored, notably Space Mountain, Jungle Cruise, the Haunted Mansion, Pirates of the Caribbean, and Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room. Attractions that had been in the park on opening day in 1955 had one ride vehicle painted gold, and the park was decorated with 50 Golden Mickey Ears. The 50th Anniversary celebration started on May 5, 2005 and ended on September 30, 2006. It was followed by the "Year of a Million Dreams" celebration, which lasted 27 months and ended on December 31, 2008.
Starting on January 1, 2010, Disney Parks hosted the Give a Day, Get a Disney Day volunteer program, in which Disney encouraged people of all ages to volunteer with a participating charity and receive a free Disney Day at either a Disneyland Resort park in California or at a Walt Disney World Resort park in Florida. On March 9, 2010, Disney announced that it had reached its goal of one million volunteers and ended the promotion to anyone who had not yet registered and signed up for a specific volunteer situation.
The park is divided into "lands" (themed areas) and well-concealed backstage areas. On entering a land, a guest is completely immersed in a themed environment and is unable to see or hear any other realm. The idea behind this was to develop theatrical "stages" with seamless passages from one land to the next. The public areas occupy approximately 85 acres (34 ha). When the park initially opened, it consisted of five themed areas:
- Main Street, U.S.A., designed to resemble an early 20th-century Midwest town;
- Adventureland, featuring jungle-themed adventures;
- Frontierland, illustrating an American Old West frontier town;
- Fantasyland, bringing to life characters and places from Disney's animated movies.
- Tomorrowland, an optimistic vision of the future.
Since the initial opening, additional areas have been added:
- In 1957, Holidayland, a 9 acres (3.6 ha) recreation area including a circus and baseball diamond, which was closed in late 1961.
- In 1966, New Orleans Square, based on 19th-century New Orleans.
- In 1972, Bear Country, themed around the mountain forests of the American South. It was later renamed Critter Country and themed around Splash Mountain's Song of the South elements.
- In 1993, Mickey's Toontown, themed around the Toontown seen in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit.
Throughout the park are 'Hidden Mickeys', or representations of Mickey Mouse heads inserted subtly into the design of attractions and environmental decor.
Lands of Disneyland
Disneyland has eight themed areas or "lands" that host various shops, restaurants, live entertainment, and attractions. A ninth area (albeit defunct) is Holidayland, a picnic ground which operated between 1957 and 1961 and is often referred to as the "lost" land of Disneyland.
Main Street, U.S.A.
Main Street, U.S.A. is patterned after a typical Midwest town of the early 20th century. Walt Disney derived inspiration from his boyhood town of Marceline, Missouri and worked closely with designers and architects to develop the Main Street appeal. It is the first area guests see when they enter the park (if not entering by monorail), and is how guests reach Central Plaza. At the center of The Magic Kingdom and immediately North of Central Plaza stands Sleeping Beauty Castle, which provides entrance to Fantasyland by way of a drawbridge across a moat. Adventureland, Frontierland, and Tomorrowland are arrayed on both sides of the castle.
“ For those of us who remember the carefree time it recreates, Main Street will bring back happy memories. For younger visitors, it is an adventure in turning back the calendar to the days of grandfather's youth. ”— Walt E. Disney
Main Street, U.S.A. is reminiscent of the Victorian period of America with the train station, town square, movie theater, city hall, firehouse complete with a steam-powered pump engine, emporium, shops, arcades, double-decker bus, horse-drawn streetcar, jitneys and other bits of memorabilia. Main Street is also home to the Disney Art Gallery and the Opera House which showcases Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln a show featuring an Audio-Animatronic version of the president. There are many specialty stores on Main Street including: a candy store, jewelry and watch shop, a silhouette station, a store that sells Disney collectable items created by various artists, and a hat shop where you have the option of creating your own ear hat along with a personalized embrodiery. At the far end of Main Street, U.S.A. is Sleeping Beauty Castle, and the Central Plaza (also known as the Hub), which is a portal to most of the themed lands. Several lands are not directly connected to the Central Plaza—namely, New Orleans Square, Critter Country and Mickey's Toontown.
The design of Main Street, U.S.A. uses the technique of forced perspective to create an illusion of height. Buildings along Main Street are built at 3/4 scale on the first level, then 5/8 on the second story, and 1/2 scale on the third—reducing the scale by 1/8 each level up.
Adventureland is designed to recreate the feel of an exotic tropical place in a far-off region of the world. "To create a land that would make this dream reality", said Walt Disney, "we pictured ourselves far from civilization, in the remote jungles of Asia and Africa." Attractions include opening day's Jungle Cruise, the "Temple of the Forbidden Eye" in Indiana Jones Adventure, and Tarzan's Treehouse, which is a conversion of the earlier Swiss Family Robinson Tree House from the Walt Disney film, Swiss Family Robinson. Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room which is located at the entrance to Adventureland is the first feature attraction to employ Audio-Animatronics, a computer synchronization of sound and robotics.
New Orleans Square
New Orleans Square is a themed land based on 19th-century New Orleans. It was opened to the public on July 24, 1966. Despite its age, it is still very popular with Disneyland guests, being home to some of the park's most popular attractions: Pirates of the Caribbean and the Haunted Mansion, including nighttime entertainment in Fantasmic!. Also included are the Mark Twain Riverboat, the Sailing Ship Columbia, and Pirate's Lair on Tom Sawyer Island. The above-mentioned attractions are sometimes mistakenly placed as Frontierland attractions.
Frontierland recreates the setting of pioneer days along the American frontier. According to Walt Disney, "All of us have cause to be proud of our country's history, shaped by the pioneering spirit of our forefathers. Our adventures are designed to give you the feeling of having lived, even for a short while, during our country's pioneer days." Frontierland is home to the Pinewood Indians band of animatronic Native Americans, who live on the banks of the Rivers of America. Entertainment and attractions include Big Thunder Mountain Railroad and Frontierland Shootin' Exposition. Frontierland is also home to the Golden Horseshoe Saloon, an Old West-style show palace. Currently the comedic troupe "Billy Hill and the Hillbillies" entertains guests at the Golden Horseshoe.
Critter Country opened in 1972 as "Bear Country", and was renamed in 1988. Formerly the area was home to Indian Village, where indigenous tribespeople demonstrated their dances and other customs. Today, the main draw of the area is Splash Mountain, a log-flume journey inspired by the Uncle Remus stories of Joel Chandler Harris and the animated segments of Disney's Academy Award-winning 1946 film, Song of the South. In 2003, a dark ride called The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh replaced the Country Bear Jamboree, which closed in 2001. The Country Bear Jamboree presented shows featuring singing bear characters that were visualized through Disney's electronically controlled and mechanically animated puppets, known as Audio-Animatronics.
Fantasyland is the area of Disneyland of which Walt Disney said, "What youngster has not dreamed of flying with Peter Pan over moonlit London, or tumbling into Alice's nonsensical Wonderland? In Fantasyland, these classic stories of everyone's youth have become realities for youngsters – of all ages – to participate in." Fantasyland was originally styled in a medieval European fairground fashion, but its 1983 refurbishment turned it into a Bavarian village. Attractions include several dark rides, the King Arthur Carrousel, and various family attractions. Fantasyland has the most fiber optics in the park; more than half of them are in Peter Pan's Flight. Sleeping Beauty's Castle once again features a walk-through story telling of Briar Rose's adventure as Sleeping Beauty. Opened in 1959, changed in 1972, then closed in 1992 for reasons of security and the new installation of pneumatic ram firework shell mortars for "Believe, There's Magic in the Stars". The walkthrough reopened 2008 and it features new renditions and methods of storytelling and the restored work of Eyvind Earle (not Mary Blair).
Mickey's Toontown opened in 1993 and was partly inspired by the fictional Los Angeles suburb of Toontown in the Walt Disney Studios' 1988 release Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Mickey's Toontown is based on a 1930s cartoon aesthetic and is home to Disney's most popular cartoon characters. Toontown features two main attractions: Gadget's Go Coaster and Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin. The "city" is also home to cartoon character's houses such as the house of Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse and Goofy, as well as Donald Duck's boat.
During the 1955 inauguration Walt Disney dedicated Tomorrowland with these words: "Tomorrow can be a wonderful age. Our scientists today are opening the doors of the Space Age to achievements that will benefit our children and generations to come. The Tomorrowland attractions have been designed to give you an opportunity to participate in adventures that are a living blueprint of our future." Disneyland producer Ward Kimball had rocket scientists Wernher von Braun, Willy Ley, and Heinz Haber serve as technical consultants during the original design of Tomorrowland. Initial attractions included Rocket to the Moon, Astro-Jets and Autopia; later, the first incarnation of the Submarine Voyage was added. The area underwent a major transformation in 1967 to become New Tomorrowland, and then again in 1998 when its focus was changed to present a "retro-future" theme reminiscent of the illustrations of Jules Verne.
Current attractions include Space Mountain, Innoventions, Captain EO Tribute, Autopia, the Disneyland Monorail Tomorrowland Station, the Astro Orbitor and Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters. Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage opened on June 11, 2007, resurrecting the original Submarine Voyage which closed in 1998. Star Tours was closed in July 2010, and replaced with Star Tours: The Adventures Continue in June 2011.
Disneyland staff use theatrical terminology. This is to emphasize that a visit to the park is intended to be similar to witnessing a performance. For example, visitors are referred to as "guests" and park employees as "cast members". "On stage" refers to any area of the resort that is open to guests. "Backstage" refers to any area of the resort that is closed to guests. A crowd is referred to as an "audience". "Costume" is the attire that cast members who perform the day-to-day operations of the park must wear. Terms such as "uniform" are not used. "Show" is the resort's presentation to its guests, such as the color and façades of buildings, placement of rides and attractions, costumes to match the themed lands. When signing credit card receipts for souvenirs or food, guests are asked for their "autograph". "Stage managers" are responsible for overseeing the operation of the different areas of the park. Cast members who are in charge of a specific team are called "leads," as in a film or theater "lead role". In the earlier years of the park, the offices where administrative work took place were referred to as "production offices". "Production schedulers" build employee work schedules to meet the necessary workload, while "stage schedulers" handle day-to-day changes in that work schedule (such as a change in park hours, necessitating a change in everybody's shifts).
Each cast member's job is called a "role". When working in their roles, cast members must follow a "script". This is not a traditional play script, but more of a strict code of conduct and approved, themed phraseology that cast members may use when at work. Park employees are often reminded that "no" and "I don't know" are not a part of a cast member's script.
Backstage areas include closed areas of attraction, store, and restaurant buildings, as well as outdoor service areas located behind such buildings. Although some areas of the park, particularly New Orleans Square, have underground operations and storage areas, there is no park-wide network of subterranean tunnels, such as Walt Disney World's utilidors.
There are several points of entry from outside the park to the backstage areas: Ball Gate (from Ball Road), T.D.A. Gate (adjacent to the Team Disney Anaheim building), Harbor Pointe (from Harbor Boulevard), and Winston Gate (from Disneyland Drive).
Berm Road encircles the park from Firehouse Gate (behind the Main Street Fire Station) to Egghouse Gate (adjacent to the Disneyland Opera House). The road is so called because it generally follows outside the path of Disneyland's berm. A stretch of the road, wedged between Tomorrowland and Harbor Boulevard, is called Schumacher Road. It has two narrow lanes and runs underneath the Monorail track. There are also two railroad bridges that cross Berm Road: one behind City Hall and the other behind Tomorrowland.
Major buildings backstage include the Frank Gehry-designed Team Disney Anaheim, where most of the division's administration currently works, as well as the Old Administration Building, behind Tomorrowland. The Old Administration Building additionally houses the Grand Canyon and Primeval World dioramas visible on the Disneyland Railroad.
The northwest corner of the park is home to most of the park's maintenance facilities, including:
- Company vehicle services, including Parking Lot trams and Main Street Vehicles
- Scrap yard, where the Resort's garbage and recyclables are sorted for collection
- Circle D Corral, where the Resort's horses and other animals are stabled
- Parade float storage and maintenance
- Distribution center for all Resort merchandise
- Ride vehicle service areas
- Paint shop
- Sign shop
Backstage also refers to parts of show buildings that are normally not seen by guests. Backstage areas are generally off-limits to park guests. This prevents guests from seeing the industrial areas that violate the "magic" of on-stage and keeps them safe from the potentially dangerous machinery. Cast members can also find some solace while they work or rest, as backstage offers alternate routes between the park's various areas.
Many attractions are housed in large, soundstage-like buildings, some of which are partially or completely disguised by external theming. Generally, these buildings are painted a dull green color in areas not seen by guests; ostensibly, this choice has been made to help disguise the buildings among the foliage and make them less visually obtrusive. Walt Disney Imagineering has termed this color, "Go Away Green." Most of them have off-white flat roofs that support HVAC units and footpaths for cast members. Inside are the rides, as well as hidden walkways, service areas, control rooms, and other behind-the-scenes operations.
Photography is forbidden in these areas, both inside and outside, although some photos have found their way to a variety of web sites. Guests who attempt to explore backstage are warned and often escorted from the property. The boundary between on and off-stage is demarcated at every access point. Everything within guest view when a door or gateway is open is also considered on stage. It is from this point, that characters start playing their part. That way, when the door is open, guests will not accidentally see a person out of character backstage.
Various amenities exist for Cast Members backstage when they are on breaks, or before and after their scheduled shifts. A number of cafeterias, now run by Sodexo, offer discounted meals throughout the day. These include Inn Between (behind the Plaza Inn), Eat Ticket (near the Team Disney Anaheim building behind Mickey's Toontown), and Westsider Grill (located approximately behind New Orleans Square). Partners Federal Credit Union, the credit union for employees of The Walt Disney Company in Orange County, provides nearly 20 ATMs backstage for cast member use and maintains an express branch at the Team Disney Anaheim building.
Walt Disney had a longtime interest in transportation, and trains in particular. Disney's passion for the "iron horse" led to him building a miniature live steam backyard railroad—the "Carolwood Pacific Railroad"—on the grounds of his Holmby Hills estate. Throughout all the iterations of Disneyland during the seventeen or so years when Disney was conceiving it, one element remained constant: a train encircling the park. The primary designer for the park transportation vehicles was Bob Gurr who gave himself the title of Director of Special Vehicle Design in 1954.
Encircling Disneyland and providing a grand circle tour is the Disneyland Railroad (DRR), a short-line railway consisting of five oil-fired and steam-powered locomotives, in addition to three passenger trains and one passenger-carrying freight train. Originally known as the Disneyland and Santa Fe Railroad, the DRR was presented by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway until 1974. From 1955 to 1974, the Santa Fe Rail Pass was able to be used in lieu of a Disneyland "D" coupon. With a three-foot gauge, the most common narrow gauge measurement used in North America, the track runs in a continuous loop around The Magic Kingdom through each of its realms. Each turn-of-the-19th-Century train departs Main Street Station on an excursion that includes scheduled station stops at: New Orleans Square Station; Toontown Depot; and Tomorrowland Station. The Grand Circle Tour then concludes with a visit to the "Grand Canyon/Primeval World" dioramas before returning passengers to Main Street, U.S.A.
Disneyland Monorail System
One of Disneyland's signature attractions is its monorail service, which opened in Tomorrowland in 1959 as the first daily-operating monorail train system in the Western Hemisphere. The monorail guideway has remained almost exactly the same since 1961, aside from small alterations while Indiana Jones Adventure was being built. Five generations of monorail trains have been used in the park, since their lightweight construction means they wear out quickly. The most recent operating generation, the Mark VII, was installed in 2008. The monorail shuttles visitors between two stations, one inside the park in Tomorrowland and one in Downtown Disney. It follows a 2.5 mile (4 km) long route designed to show the park from above. Currently, the Mark VII is running with the colors red, blue and orange.
The monorail was originally built with one station in Tomorrowland. Its track was extended and a second station opened at the Disneyland Hotel in 1961. With the creation of Downtown Disney in 2001, the new destination is Downtown Disney, instead of the Disneyland Hotel. The physical location of the monorail station did not change, but the original station building was demolished as part of the hotel downsizing, and the new station is now separated from the hotel by several Downtown Disney buildings, including ESPN Zone and the Rainforest Café.
Main Street vehicles
All vehicles that are found on Main Street were designed to accurately reflect turn-of-the-century vehicles, including a double-decker bus, a horse-drawn streetcar, a fire engine, and an automobile. They are available for one-way rides along Main Street, U.S.A. The horseless carriages are modeled after cars built in 1903. They are two-cylinder, four-horsepower (3 kW) engines with manual transmission and steering. Walt Disney used to drive the fire engine around the park before it opened, on most mornings. It has also been used to host celebrity guests and used in the parades.
From the late 1950s to 1968 Los Angeles Airways provided regularly scheduled helicopter passenger service between Disneyland and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and other cities in the area. The helicopters initially operated from Anaheim/Disneyland Heliport, located behind Tomorrowland. Service later moved, in 1960, to a new heliport north of the Disneyland Hotel. Arriving guests were transported to the Disneyland Hotel via tram. The service ended after two fatal crashes in 1968: The crash in Paramount, California, on May 22, 1968 killed 23 (the worst helicopter accident in aviation history at that time). The second crash in Compton, California on August 14, 1968, killed 21.
In addition to the attractions, Disneyland provides live entertainment throughout the park. Most of the mentioned entertainment is not offered daily, but only on selected days of the week, or selected periods of the year.
Many Disney characters can be found throughout the park, greeting visitors, interacting with children, and posing for photos. Some characters have specific areas where they are scheduled to appear, but can be found wandering as well.
Periodically through recent decades (and most recently during the summers of 2005 and 2006), Mickey Mouse would climb the Matterhorn attraction several times a day with the support of Minnie, Goofy, and other performers. Other mountain climbers could also be seen on the Matterhorn from time to time. As of March 2007, Mickey and his "toon" friends no longer climb the Matterhorn but the climbing program continues.
Every evening at dusk, there is a military-style flag retreat to lower the Flag of the United States for the day, performed by a detail of the Disneyland Security Personnel. The ceremony usually is held between 4 and 5 pm, depending on the entertainment being offered on Main Street, USA, to prevent conflicts with crowds and music. Disney does report the time the Flag Retreat is scheduled on its Times Guide, offered at the entrance turnstiles and other locations.
The Disneyland Band
The Disneyland Band, which has been part of the park since its opening, plays the role of the Town Band on Main Street, U.S.A. It also breaks out into smaller groups like the Main Street Strawhatters, the Hook and Ladder Co., and the Pearly Band in Fantasyland.
Fantasmic!, which debuted in 1992, is a popular multimedia nighttime show on the Rivers of America. The star Mickey Mouse summons the characters and spirit of beloved Disney cartoons and uses the power of imagination to defeat the evil villains that try to turn his dream into a nightmare. The presentation is made at the Laffite's Tavern end of Pirate's Lair at Tom Sawyer Island and uses the Rivers of America as part of the stage. It uses Frontierland and New Orleans Square as the spectator arena.
It consists of synchronized lighting and special effects, with floating barges, the Mark Twain Riverboat, the Sailing Ship Columbia, fountains, lasers, fireworks, thirty-foot-tall "mist screens" upon which animated scenes are projected, and an automated 45-foot fire-breathing dragon.
Elaborate fireworks shows synchronized with Disney songs and often have appearances from Tinker Bell or Dumbo, flying in the sky above Sleeping Beauty Castle. Since 2000, presentations have become more elaborate, featuring new pyrotechnics, launch techniques and story lines. In 2004, Disneyland introduced a new air launch pyrotechnics system, reducing ground level smoke and noise and decreasing negative environmental impacts. At the time the technology debuted, Disney announced it would donate the patents to a non-profit organization for use throughout the industry.
- Regular fireworks shows:
- Special fireworks shows:
- June 12, 2009 – September 20, 2009: Magical: An Exploding Celebration In The Sky
- September 25, 2009 – November 1, 2009: Halloween Screams
- November 12, 2010 - January 2, 2011: Believe... In Holiday Magic
Since 2009, Disneyland has moved to a rotating repertoire of firework spectaculars.
- Yearly fireworks repertoire
- Late winter/spring: Remember... Dreams Come True
- Summer: Magical: Disney's New Nighttime Spectacular of Magical Celebrations
- Independence Day Week: Disney's Celebrate America: A 4th of July Concert in the Sky
- Mickey's Halloween Party Exclusive: Halloween Screams
- Holiday: Believe... In Holiday Magic
During the holiday season, there is a special fireworks presentation called Believe... In Holiday Magic, which has been running since 2000, except for a hiatus in 2005 during the park's 50th anniversary celebration.
Scheduling of fireworks shows depends on the time of year. During the slower off-season periods, the fireworks are only offered on weekends. During the busier times, Disney offers additional nights. The park offers fireworks nightly during its busy periods, which include Easter/Spring Break, Summer and Christmas time. Disneyland spends about $41,000 per night on the fireworks show. The show is normally offered at 8:45 PM if the park is scheduled to close at 10 pm or later, but shows have started as early as 5:45 pm. A major consideration is weather/winds, especially at higher elevations, which can force the cancellation of the show. The park will usually wait an additional 15 minutes or so to see if the winds die down. Shows, with a few minor exceptions, such as July 4 and New Year's Eve, must finish by 10 pm due to the conditions of the permit issued by the City of Anaheim.
The Golden Horseshoe Revue
The Golden Horseshoe Saloon offers a live stage show with an Old West feel. The Golden Horseshoe Revue was an American frontier-themed vaudeville show starring Sluefoot Sue and Pecos Bill. It ran until the mid-1980s, when it was replaced by a similar show starring Lily Langtree (or Miss Lily) and Sam the Bartender. Most recently, Billy Hill and the Hillbillies have played their guitars and banjos in a bluegrass-and-comedy show.
Additionally, in front of the Golden Horsehose Saloon, The Laughing Stock Co. enacts small humorous skits with an Old West theme.
Disneyland has featured a number of different parades traveling down the park's central Main Street - Fantasyland corridor. There have been daytime and nighttime parades that celebrated Disney films or seasonal holidays with characters, music, and large floats. One of the most popular parades was the Main Street Electrical Parade, which now resides at the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World in Lake Buena Vista, Florida.
From May 5, 2005 through November 7, 2008, as part of the Disneyland's 50th Anniversary, Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams was presented, celebrating several of the classic Disney stories including The Lion King, The Little Mermaid, Alice in Wonderland, and Pinocchio.
In 2009, Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams was replaced by Celebrate! A Street Party, which premiered on March 27, 2009. Disney does not call Celebrate! A Street Party a parade, but rather a "street event." During the Christmas season, Disneyland presents "A Christmas Fantasy" Parade.
On July 30, 2010, the Disney Parks Blog announced that a new parade, Mickey’s Soundsational Parade, would arrive in Disneyland in 2011. The parade is set to debut on May 27, 2011.
The Tomorrowland Terrace is a stage in Tomorrowland. It is a two-story stage where the lower stage rises from below floor level. It was popular in the 1960s with music performers of the day. Over the years, it was eventually replaced with Club Buzz, a Buzz Lightyear-themed stage and show featuring the space character from the Toy Story films. In 2006, it was restored to the Tomorrowland Terrace with the same style and design as the original. It is now home to the Jedi Training Academy interactive stage show where children are chosen as Jedi padawan and taught how to use a lightsaber. Each child then has the opportunity to face Star Wars antagonists Darth Vader or Darth Maul. Also, local bands have returned to play in the evenings, just as Tomorrowland Terrace hosted in the 1960s.
Various other unscheduled street performers play and sing throughout the park, sometimes only seasonally.
- The All-American College Band performs around the park during the summer season. The band is composed of talented college students who have auditioned for the chance to perform in Disneyland.
- Ragtime Piano Player will perform at Coca-Cola Refreshment Corner, also known as "Coke Corner", on Main Street.
- Alice in Wonderland characters stage a wacky game of "Disneyland Musical Chairs" at Coke Corner each afternoon.
- The Bootstrappers are a band of pirates who perform songs based on Pirates of the Caribbean, along with other sea-shanties.
- The Dapper Dans barbershop quartet sing in harmony on Main Street.
- The Firehouse Five Plus Two, originally a band composed of Imagineers, can be found at the Firehouse on Main Street.
- The Trash Can Trio, a Stomp-like group that performs using trash cans in Tomorrowland.
- Various bands, including the park's own electric guitarist Ernie Maclean may perform solo or with a quartet, the Jambalaya Jazz Band, the Side Street Strutters, the Royal Street Bachelors, performwith a jazz influence in New Orleans Square.
- During the holidays, additional small groups of entertainment offerings are added, such as the Main Street Carolers who perform throughout the day.
Attendance of Disneyland Park (in millions) Year 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 Attendance 1 4 4.5 4.6 5.1 Year 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Attendance 5 5.3 5.5 5.7 6 6.5 6.7 7.8 9.2 9.1 Year 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Attendance 10 9.3 9.4 9.8 9.5 9.8 9.8 10.9 11 11 Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Attendance 11.5 11.3 10.4 9.9 9.8 12 12 13.5 13 14.4 Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Attendance 12.9 11.6 11.6 11.4 10.3 14.1 15 14.2 13.7 13.5 Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Attendance 13.9 12.3 12.7 12.7 13.3 14.26 14.73 14.87 14.72 15.9
From Disneyland's opening day until 1982, the price of the attractions was in addition to the price of park admission. Park-goers paid a small admission fee to get into the park, but admission to most of the rides and attractions required guests to purchase a book of tickets that consisted of several coupons, initially labeled "A" through "C". The coupons were also sold individually. "A" coupons allowed admission to the smaller rides and attractions such as the vehicles on Main Street, whereas "C" coupons were used for the most common attractions like the Peter Pan ride, or the Tea Cups. As more thrilling rides were introduced, such as the Monorail or the Matterhorn bobsled, "D" and then eventually "E" coupons were introduced. Coupons could be combined to equal the equivalent of another ticket (e.g. two "A" tickets equal one "B" ticket). From the thrill ride experience at Disneyland, the colloquial expression "an E ticket ride" is used to describe any exceptionally thrilling experience.
Later Disneyland featured a "Keys to the Kingdom" booklet of tickets, which consisted of 10 unvalued coupons sold for a single flat rate. These coupons could be used for any attraction regardless of its regular value. Obviously it would behoove the buyer to use these for the most thrilling attractions or rides.
In 1982 Disney dropped the idea for individual ride tickets to a single admission price with unlimited access to all attractions, "except shooting galleries". While this idea was not original to Disney, its business advantages were obvious: in addition to guaranteeing that everyone paid a large sum even if they stayed for only a few hours and rode only a few rides, the park no longer had to print tickets or ticket books, staff ticket booths, or provide staff to collect tickets or monitor attractions for people sneaking on without tickets.
Later, Disney introduced other entry options such as multi-day passes, Annual Passes (which allow unlimited entry to the Park for an annual fee), and Southern California residents' discounts.
One-Day, One-Park, Adult Admission Prices over time Year 1981* 1982 1984 1985 1986 1987 1990 1991 1993 1994 Jan 1999 Jan 2000 Price US$ $10.75 $12.00 $14.00 $17.95 $18.00 $21.50 $25.50 $27.50 $28.75 $31.00 $39.00 $41.00 Month & Year Nov 2000 Mar 2002 Jan 2003 Mar 2004 Jan 2005 Jun 2005 Jan 2006 Sep 2006 Sep 2007 Aug 2008 Aug 2009 Aug 2010 Price US$ $43.00 $45.00 $47.00 $49.75 $53.00 $56.00 $59.00 $63.00 $66.00 $69.00 $72.00 $76.00
Accidents, injuries and deaths
Since the park's opening in July 1955, there have been numerous accidents, injuries, and deaths at Disneyland.
Disneyland Park has had three unscheduled closures since it opened in 1955:
- In 1963, following President John F. Kennedy's assassination.
- In 1994 for inspection after the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
- Both Disneyland and Disney's California Adventure Park were closed following the September 11 attacks. Unlike Disney World, where the parks had already opened for the day and were closed while already in operation, the Disneyland Resort theme parks never opened (the parks were not scheduled to open for several more hours, due to the time difference).
Additionally, Disneyland has had numerous planned closures:
- In the early years, the park was often scheduled to be closed on Mondays and Tuesdays during the off-season. This was in conjunction with nearby Knott's Berry Farm, which closed on Wednesdays and Thursdays to keep costs down for both parks, while offering Orange County visitors a place to go 7 days a week.
- On May 4, 2005 for the 50th Anniversary Celebration media event.
- The park has closed early to accommodate various special events, such as special press events, tour groups, VIP groups, private parties, etc. It is also common for a corporation to rent the entire park for the evening. In such cases special passes are issued, which are good for admission to all rides and attractions. At the ticket booths and on published schedules, regular guests are notified of the early closures. In the late afternoon, cast members announce that the park is closing, then clear the park of everyone without the special passes.
- Halloween Time
Every year in October, Disneyland has a Halloween promotion when parts of the park are decorated in a Halloween theme. Space Mountain and the Haunted Mansion are temporarily rethemed as part of the promotion.
- Holidays at the Disneyland Resort
From early November until the first few days in January, the park is decorated for the holidays. Seasonal entertainment includes the Believe... In Holiday Magic firework show and A Christmas Fantasy Parade, and the Haunted Mansion and It's a Small World are temporarily redecorated in a holiday theme. The Sleeping Beauty castle is also known to become snow-capped and decorated with colorful lights during the holidays as well.
- Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
- List of Disney attractions
- List of current Disneyland attractions
- List of past Disneyland attractions
Theme parks that were closely themed to Disneyland:
- Nara Dreamland – Now defunct Japanese theme park
- Beijing Shijingshan Amusement Park – Mainland Chinese theme park
- ^ "TEA/ERA Theme Park Attendance Report 2010". www.themeit.com. 2011-04-26. http://www.themeit.com/etea/2010Report.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ "Wave file of dedication speech". Archived from the original on December 20, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051220202858/http://www.justdisney.com/Sounds/speech%281%29.wav.
- ^ a b "Walt Disney Family Museum, Dreaming of Disneyland". http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/dreamingdisneyland/index.html.
- ^ Page 40 of The House of David by Christopher Siriano. Arcadia Publishing, 2007. ISBN 9780738550824
- ^ a b c "Disneyland History". justdisney.com. http://www.justdisney.com/disneyland/history.html.
- ^ a b "Standford Alumni, Harrison Price". http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/bmag/sbsm0405/feature_alumnibks_price.shtml.
- ^ Stewart, James B. (2005). Disney War. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684809931.
- ^ "Disneyland: From orange groves to Magic Kingdom". LA Times. May 18, 2005. http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/18/local/me-disneyland18.
- ^ "Disneyland Opening". JustDisney.com. http://www.justdisney.com/Features/disneyland_opening/.
- ^ "Nikita Khrushchev Doesn't Go to Disneyland". Sean's Russia Blog. July 24, 2009. http://seansrussiablog.org/2009/07/24/nikita-khrushchev-doesnt-go-to-disneyland/.
- ^ Galber, Neal(2006)-Walt Disney: The Triumph of American Imagination, Alfred A Knopf Inc, New York City
- ^ Frank Rich (2010-12-26). "Who Killed the Disneyland Dream?". New York Times. p. WK14. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/opinion/26rich.html.
- ^ "The World's Largest Parking Lots". forbes.com. 2008-04-10. http://www.forbes.com/2008/04/10/parking-automobiles-retail-biz-logistics-cx_ew_0410parking_slide_7.html. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
- ^ Dickerson, Marla (12 September 1996). "Self-Styled Keepers of the Magic Kingdom". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1996-09-12/news/mn-42945_1_magic-kingdom. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
- ^ "Article on Von Braun and Walt Disney". NASA. http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/vonbraun/disney_article.html.
- ^ Freeman, Paul. "Disneyland Heliport, Anaheim, CA". Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields. http://www.airfields-freeman.com/CA/Airfields_CA_OrangeCo_NW.htm#disneyland.
- ^ William Tully; Dave Larsen (August 15, 1968). "21 Aboard Killed as Copter Falls in Compton Park". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.
- ^ "Environmentality Press Releases". The Walt Disney Company. June 28, 2004. http://corporate.disney.go.com/environmentality/press_releases/2004/2004_0628.html.
- ^ http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2011/02/from-under-the-sea-to-galaxies-far-far-away-opening-dates-are-set-for-a-soundsational-summer-at-disneyland-resort/
- ^ "Attendance of Disneyland Park 1955–1979". The Disney Blog. http://www.thedisneyblog.com/tdb/2007/04/theme_park_atte.html.
- ^ "Attendance of Disneyland Park 1980". islandnet.com. http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disland/dl1975.htm.
- ^ "Attendance of Disneyland Park 1981–1983". http://www.sunjournal.com/. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WQ0gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pGUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1525,1685952&dq=disneyland+attendance&hl=en.
- ^ "Attendance of Disneyland Park 1984–2005". scottware.com.au. http://www.scottware.com.au/theme/feature/atend_disparks.htm.
- ^ "2006 TEA/ERA Attendance Report" (PDF). http://www.connectingindustry.com/pdfs/TEA-ERAAttendance06.pdf.
- ^ "2007 TEA/ERA Attendance Report". http://www.themeit.com/attendance_report2007.pdf.
- ^ "2008 TEA/ERA Attendance Report" (PDF). http://www.themeit.com/TEAERA2008.pdf.
- ^ Walt Disney Productions (1979). Disneyland: The First Quarter Century. ASIN B000AOTTV2-1.
- ^ Pacific Ocean Park is credited as being the first amusement park to use this method; "Six Flags Timeline". csus.edu. http://www.csus.edu/indiv/s/shawg/articles/facilities/six_flags_timeline.html.
- ^ "Collection of tickets". finddisney.com. http://www.finddisney.com/tickets.htm. "1981–1994 data"
- ^ Verrier, Richard (September 21, 2001). "Security Becomes Major Theme at U.S. Amusement Parks". LA Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2001/sep/21/business/fi-48022.
- ^ "Terror attacks hit U.S.". CNN. September 11, 2001. http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/09/11/worldtrade.crash/index.html.
- ^ "Disneyland History – Important Events in Disneyland history". about.com. http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/cadisneyland/a/history.htm.
- ^ "50th Report". DizHub.com. http://www.dizhub.com/dh50threport.htm.
- Bright, Randy (1987). Disneyland: Inside Story. Harry N Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-0811-5.
- France, Van Arsdale (1991). Window on Main Street. Stabur. ISBN 0-941613-17-8.
- Gordon, Bruce and David Mumford (1995). Disneyland: The Nickel Tour. Camphor Tree Publishers. ISBN 0-9646059-0-2.
- Dunlop, Beth (1996). Building a Dream: The Art of Disney Architecture. Harry N. Abrams Inc.. ISBN 0-8109-3142-7.
- Marling, ed., Karal Ann (1997). Designing Disney's Theme Parks: The Architecture of Reassurance. Flammarion. ISBN 2-08-013639-9.
- Koenig, David (1994). Mouse Tales: A Behind-the-Ears Look at Disneyland. Bonaventure Press. ISBN 0-9640605-5-8.
- Koenig, David (1999). More Mouse Tales: A Closer Peek Backstage at Disneyland. Bonaventure Press. ISBN 0-9640605-7-4.
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Disneyland Resort Walt Disney World Resort Tokyo Disney Resort Disneyland Paris Hong Kong Disneyland Resort Shanghai Disney ResortShanghai Disneyland Park Disney Cruise Line Other Disneyland Resort Theme parks Hotels Resort area People Events Other Related articles Disneyland attractions Main Street, U.S.A.Disneyland Railroad · The Disneyland Story presenting Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln · The Disney Gallery · Main Street Cinema · Main Street Vehicles FantasylandAlice in Wonderland · Casey Jr. Circus Train · Dumbo the Flying Elephant · Disney Princess Fantasy Faire · It's a Small World · King Arthur Carrousel · Mad Tea Party · Matterhorn Bobsleds · Mr. Toad's Wild Ride · Peter Pan's Flight · Pinocchio's Daring Journey · Pixie Hollow · Sleeping Beauty Castle · Snow White's Scary Adventures · Storybook Land Canal Boats Tomorrowland Frontierland Adventureland New Orleans Square Critter Country Mickey's Toontown Entertainment Seasonal entertainmentHalloween Screams · Haunted Mansion Holiday · Space Mountain Ghost Galaxy Amusement parks and theme parks of California Amusement parks Theme parks
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Results 31-40 of 646.
|2002 ||Income Smoothing and Self Control: The Case of Schoolteachers||Mayer, Thomas / Russell, Thomas
|2010 ||Unwillingness to pay for privacy: A field experiment||Beresford, Alastair R. / Kübler, Dorothea / Preibusch, Sören
|2008 ||Reserve price formation in online auctions||Englmaier, Florian / Schmöller, Arno
|2008 ||Do red herrings swim in circles?: controlling for the endogeneity of time to death||Felder, Stefan / Werblow, Andreas / Zweifel, Peter
|2010 ||The effects of lottery prizes on winners and their neighbors: Evidence from the Dutch Postcode Lottery||Kuhn, Peter / Kooreman, Peter / Soetevent, Adriaan R. / Kapteyn, Arie
|2009 ||Oportunidades: program effect on consumption, low participation, and methodological issues||Angelucci, Manuela / Attanasio, Orazio P.
|2012 ||Who cares about stock market booms and busts? Evidence from data on mental health||Ratcliffe, Anita / Taylor, Karl
|2009 ||Approaches to estimating the health state dependence of the utility function||Finkelstein, Amy / Luttmer, Erzo F.P. / Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
|2010 ||Housing mobility and downsizing at older ages in Britain and the United States||Banks, James / Blundell, Richard / Oldfield, Zoë / Smith, James P.
|2012 ||Identifying the independent sources of consumption variation||Barigozzi, Matteo / Moneta, Alessio

domain: literature


text:
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domain: medical


Updated 5:34 p.m. | The top authors of the bipartisan Senate unemployment insurance extension bill defended their work after Speaker John A. Boehner torched it Wednesday.
Sens. Dean Heller, R-Nev., and Jack Reed, D-R.I., who represent the two states with the highest unemployment rates in the nation, each issued statements to Roll Call defending the proposal and decrying people trying to find excuses not to pass it.
“Since December, Senator Reed and I have been working to get these vital benefits to the millions of unemployed Americans who need them,” Heller said in an email sent from his office. “It is extremely disappointing that, no matter what solution is reached, there is some excuse to deny these much-needed benefits. I look forward to passing this proposal out of the Senate next week, and stand ready to help the Speaker, as well as any organization or any individual necessary, in order to make this extension a reality.”
Boehner slammed the unemployment bill earlier Wednesday , saying it failed to meet his test of being fiscally responsible and adding jobs. The Ohio Republican cited a letter from state unemployment officials warning about the bureaucratic requirements of the legislation potentially delaying implementation for months to suggest the bill is “unworkable.” Reed, meanwhile, called for quick action.
“I agree that time is of the essence and if the House tries to drag this out, it will make it tougher for states to get this needed assistance out the door and into hands of job seekers,” Reed said in a statement. “The fact remains that Congress has passed retroactive [benefits] several times and this legislation can be implemented. … The real question is will Speaker Boehner allow an up or down vote on this bipartisan compromise? Congress should focus on passing this responsible, temporary reauthorization instead of looking for excuses not to help job seekers.”
Adam Jentleson, a spokesman for Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said they want to work with Boehner.
“We believe the concerns that have been expressed are resolvable and we look forward to Speaker Boehner coming to the table to find solutions,” he said. “It is hard to imagine Speaker Boehner simply walking away from the thousands of people in Ohio who lost their jobs through no fault of their own and need this lifeline to make ends meet while they continue to look for work.”
A group of five Democrats and five Republicans, including Reed and Heller, negotiated the agreement, which was unveiled last week.
The Senate is expected to vote on the proposal as soon as next week after voting on a Ukraine aid package.
A Senate Democratic aide noted that the issues the state employment officials had with the bill were due to new requirements demanded by Senate Republicans as the price for their votes.


text:
Discreet and romantic at the same time – these are the pretty metal rings decorated with flowers, which decorate more and more homes. Suitable for any season, they can be designed and attract all eyes with their puristic beauty. Are you still missing such an accessory in your home? Then get started right away and make your own model suitable for autumn. We have collected instructions and inspiring ideas for autumn decoration with metal ring for you.
Table of contents
- How and with what to decorate rings made of metal best?
What is the best way and with what to decorate metal rings?
Metal rings are beautiful in themselves. That’s why it’s best to decorate only part of it, leaving about half, or better yet, two-thirds visible. Too many flowers and decorations could make the wreath look cluttered, yet it is precisely the purist look that makes autumn decorations with metal ring so special.
You can use everything that you associate with autumn – leaves, decorative pumpkins, berries, autumn flowers or those in autumn colors and a bit of subtle greenery. For a durable beautiful autumn decoration with metal ring, it is best to choose artificial materials or dried. Especially dried flowers are very popular for creating decorative rings. How about the following variant:
Autumn decoration with metal ring do it yourself
For this beautiful specimen, the following materials were used:
- Metal ring for crafting
- Wire pliers
- floral wire
- any flowers and other decorations, such as artificial pumpkins
- Autumn garland
- Hot glue
- ribbon or string for hanging
First, attach the larger elements to the ring. For this purpose, wrap both with the floral wire. The decoration should not stick out too much, but follow the arc of the ring. Use the pliers to shorten the decorations if necessary, or remove unnecessary parts. Work in the same way more greenery or flowers. Very pretty is the arrangement in the example, where from a common center, the decorations point in the two opposite directions. But you can also come up with something of your own.
Before you tie the elements, just lay them out for now, so that you can change the position or the element itself if necessary. Experiment with the arrangement until you are happy with it. Finally, add the smaller decorative elements to finish off the fall decor with metal ring and cover gaps where the wire can be seen. Add a loop for hanging and the autumn decoration with metal ring is ready!
With wool and peonies
Peonies are not typical autumn flowers, but you can find and use artificial models in matching autumn colors. Alternatively, you can also choose other flowers. However, this fall decoration with metal ring is about using large flowers and instead keeping the rest more simple with just a little greenery. Eye-catchers are also the wool threads that you simply tie to the lower part of the ring. Only then add the other decorative elements.
Decorate metal ring with dried flowers and grasses
As already mentioned, dried flowers in autumn look just wonderful, and besides, they can be quickly found in meadows. If you do not have the opportunity to dry them yourself, you can also buy them in the flower store. Combine the flowers with some grasses to play with texture. Then let the grasses or even wheat stand out from the dried flower bouquets.
Color contrast for an autumn door wreath.
Combine warm fall colors with natural cooler specimens: Branches with autumn-tinged leaves on a backdrop of silvery-green ones like these. For example, a metal ring decoration can be created with eucalyptus . Donkey’s ear (woolly zest) is also perfectly suitable. If you want the wreath to consist not only of leaves, you can also choose branches with red or orange berries.
Autumn decoration with metal ring, flowers and beads.
In addition to flowers and autumnal materials, add other sympathetic decorations to the door wreath made of a metal ring. Further above we already had the woolen threads, which you can also replace with leather straps, for example. But also the idea from the example above is really very nice. The free part of the ring was decorated with some wooden beads. For this, you just need to find beads whose hole is big enough so that you can thread them on the ring. Furthermore, you need to cut the ring. After that, you cover the cut with the flowers.
Idea for fresh or dried flowers
You would like to use fresh cut flowers, but you don’t want to change the wilted flowers every few days and make a new arrangement? That’s understandable! And that’s why you can reach for this alternative instead. Stretch a few rows of twine around the ring and then use them to simply stick flowers or even twigs in between. You can then remove them at any time and replace them with others or add to them.
More ideas for fall decorations with metal ring
Metal ring flower wreath with lush arrangement
Anemone as a centerpiece
Use fronds of ornamental grasses
Yellow accents with flowers at the door
Subtle arrangement and wooden beads
Metal ring with flowers and macramé

domain: artistic


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Employees of Zaman newspaper gather at the courtyard of the newspaper during a protest in Istanbul, Turkey March 4, 2016. (Photo: Reuters)
A Turkish court has ordered the temporary closure of a newspaper accusing it of links with Kurdish militants and spreading terrorist propaganda, state media said on Tuesday.
The court in Istanbul accused the pro-Kurdish Ozgur Gundem of "acting as the de facto news outlet" for the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), state-run news agency Anadolu said. A Turkish official confirmed the court order.
The PKK -- considered a terrorist group by Turkey, the European Union and the United States -- has waged a separatist insurgency in the southeast since 1984. More than 40,000 people have been killed since it first took up arms.
The official, who did not wish to be named, said the decision had no relation to the state of emergency declared after last month's failed coup in Turkey.
"The defendants can appeal this decision," the official added.
Launched in 1992, leftist daily Ozgur Gundem has been the subject of court closures and raids in the past and its journalists have been arrested. It was closed from 1994 until April 2011 when it started publishing again.
The paper has featured the writings of PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan, imprisoned since 1999.
The Turkish-Kurdish language newspaper has a print circulation of less than 7,000, according to the latest figures from earlier this month.
Since the July 15 attempted coup, more than 130 media outlets have been shut down after a state of emergency was declared.
On July 27, 45 newspapers and 16 television stations were ordered to close, the official gazette said, prompting concern among Western leaders and press freedom organisations.
Also on Tuesday, the New York-based Human Rights Foundation (HRF) urged the United Nations to look into "credible allegations of gross human rights violations in Turkey" following the failed coup aimed at ousting President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Before the court order, HRF also said that Turkish journalists faced "constant threats and retribution for their work, and are often harassed and prosecuted under criminal laws designed to stifle government criticism".

domain: news


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Keep Your Pantry Constantly Stocked with Essential Green Goods
Each celebrity chef on Supper Club with Tom Bergeron has the luxury of planning eco-meals well in advance, but sometimes we regular folks have to pull a meal together with little time to spare. Avoid last minute freak out sessions by stocking your pantry with a few essential items so that you can pull together quick and healthy green meals in a flash.
Organic rolled oats: Rolled oats are full of whole grains and keep you satisfied for long periods of time. They are great for breakfast, in cookies, or in homemade granola. Pair with fresh berries and yogurt from the farmers' market and you've got an environmentally responsible parfait.
Organic rice syrup: Rice syrup is one of the least processed sweeteners that you can buy. Use it in all your baked goods as a healthier substitute for the devil of all sweeteners, high fructose corn syrup. High fructose corn syrup is often an ingredient in cheap foods that are mass produced and shipped all over the country.
Quinoa: Quinoa is a complete protein and can substitute for less sustainable proteins like non-organic meats. Compared to other grains, quinoa is higher in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, and zinc. It's great in stews, curries, salads, and pilafs. Serve your guests a great eco-curry just by pairing the quinoa with tons of local vegetables and your favorite curry recipe.
Organic canned adzuki beans: Adzuki beans contain some of the highest levels of protein and lowest levels of fat in any variety of beans. They also contain high levels of potassium, fiber, B vitamins, iron, zinc, and manganese. They're great in soups, dips, and casseroles.
Homemade almond butter: Use organic almonds to make your own almond butter or purchase it at the farmers' market. Almond butter is one of the most nutrient dense butters; it lowers cholesterol, and is high in the antioxidant vitamin E. It's a great ingredient in vegan baked goods, like cookies, energy bars, and truffles.
Organic pine nuts: Pine nuts are a staple because they are a necessity in any fresh pesto. Just pick up some fresh basil from your local CSA or at the farmers' market and you're good to go. Enjoy a farm fresh green meal while supporting your local sustainable farmer.

domain: food


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Rewards and recognition also play an important role within the engagement equation. One must however be extremely careful in leveraging this component as Maslach et al. (2001) suggest that while a lack of rewards and recognition can lead to burnout, appropriate recognition is important for engagement.[i] The leveraging equation depends on the emphasis of well-being and employee benefits. Lambert (2000) and then Muse, Harris, Giles and Field (2008) showed that benefit and recognition use, depended on the perceived value and were positively associated with important work behaviours.[ii] Therefore, since people are motivated and engaged by the opportunity to obtain rewards, utilize aspects like increasing praise within a work environment, showing more appreciation and thanks, smiling, while creating an environment full of small easily won rewards is a first step.
Distributive and procedural justice allows organizations to be predicable and consistent in regards to rewards as well as the procedures they use. One justice refers to an individuals’ perceived fairness of the means and processes used while the other refers to the perceived fairness of the distribution of resources (this aspect will become especially important when we look at the 2011 BlessingWhite results of employee engagement survey in another post. The employees who have a high perception of fairness of these two concepts are therefore more likely to feel obliged to be fair in how they perform in their roles. The remainder of employees will disengage from their work roles. Thus, organizations who wish to improve employee engagement should focus on employees’ perceptions of the support they receive from their organizations.
[i] Maslach, C. Schaufeli W.B and Leiter, M.P(2001) Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 52, pp.397-422
[ii] Muse, L. Harris S.G. Giles W.F & Field H.S (2008) Work-life benefits and positive organizational behaviour: is there a connection? Journal of Organizational Behaviour 29 171-192. Wiley InterScience.

domain: sociology


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Feb 8, 2014, 10:40 AM EST
The San Jose Sharks’ pre-Olympic schedule is completed, so those that aren’t going to Sochi will get some time off to rejuvenate before the final push.
Defenseman Dan Boyle needs the breather more than most. He’s been playing through a thumb injury that he sustained on Jan. 29, according to CSN Bay Area’s source. That didn’t stop Boyle from logging at least 21 minutes in four of his last five contests.
Boyle playing at something less than 100% is becoming a running theme this season. He admitted in mid-January that he came back from a concussion too soon. When he first returned from the head injury, he was still having a lot of trouble sleeping and his appetite was gone.
The 37-year-old is expected to be okay to play by the time the Sharks resume their schedule on Feb. 27.
- Seriously? Stress fracture sidelines Columbus’ Jenner for 1-2 months 6
- Julien chides Bruins’ offense for too many cute plays 39
- Sens roll over Ducks, who ‘weren’t ready’ 11
- Flyers’ Mason tweaked back, will miss weekend games 10
- Gordie Howe makes ‘amazing’ recovery following stem cell treatment in Mexico 15
- Video: Penguins’ spoof of ‘Christmas Vacation’ is pretty good 18
- Mason hurt, helped off ice at end of Flyers practice 8
- Could Vermette land in Washington? 9
- Pens confirm Maatta has the mumps 5
- As holiday roster freeze approaches, Bruins linked to Oshie, Kassian 28


Burnett comes through, sets up winner-take-all showdown
Philadelphia, PA (Sports Network) -
Okay, raise your hand if you thought A.J. Burnett was going to wiggle his way out of that first-inning jam on Tuesday night at Comerica Park.
Unless you are the most ardent supporter of the Yankees, or just brain dead, you had to be thinking "here we go again" when Burnett walked the bases loaded in the opening inning. But with the bullpen already stirring, Curtis Granderson saved Burnett's bacon and maybe the Yankees' season with a diving catch in center field on a laser off the bat of Don Kelly.
"Once that first inning was over and Curtis saved me," Burnett said, "I was able to take a breath."
Now Granderson made it a lot harder on himself than he had to, as he misjudged the ball off the bat, but it was a terrific recovery and one that if it had gotten over his head, could have gone for an inside-the-park grand slam.
"Who knows what could have happened at that point," Granderson said. "If we get behind in an elimination game here in Detroit, the fans stay in it, the fans get more into it. Now, everything is staying neutral and we were able to go ahead and keep it right where we wanted to."
Instead, it remained scoreless and from there the player Yankees fans have come to loathe settled down and turned in a pretty solid outing, allowing just a run and four hits over 5 2/3 innings, as the Yankees rolled to a 10-1 win, setting up a decisive fifth game in the Bronx on Thursday.
"Once that first inning was over and Curtis saved me," A.J. Burnett said, "I was able to take a breath."
"He pitched huge when we needed him the most," Yankees captain Derek Jeter said. "A.J. deserves all the credit. He shut down a tough team over there. He's the reason we get an opportunity to play on Thursday."
As good as Granderson's first-inning grab was, his sixth-inning catch is the one that people will be seeing on highlight reels for years to come. With the Yankees leading 4-1, Kelly on second and Burnett lifted in favor of Rafael Soriano, Jhonny Peralta lifted what looked like a sure extra-base hit to the left-center field gap, but Granderson tracked it down and brought it in with full-body extension in the air to end the threat and the inning, and perhaps the series.
"He may have saved the season, not once, but twice," Alex Rodriguez said.
The real story though was Burnett, who against all odds gave the Yankees exactly what they needed. Before we get too crazy, this wasn't exactly Roy Halladay's no-hitter versus the Reds from last year, but it was enough considering there wasn't a person on the planet who expected him to see the sixth inning.
Burnett still allowed eight baserunners, didn't register a quality start and needed 81 pitches to get 17 outs. But, it was more than enough for a guy who last year turned in the worst statistical season ever by a Yankees starter and this year pitched to a 5.15 ERA.
"It feels good," Burnett said about proving all the doubters wrong. "But I'm the type of person that feels like I could've done more. I feel like I should've done more, but it was good enough to get a win for our team. That means more than anything."
As important as Granderson's plays were, the biggest thing to come out of the win may have come in the eighth inning when the Yankees turned a three-run lead into a nine-run rout. Rodriguez and Mark Teixeira, who entered the frame having gone a combined 1-for-26 in the series, had three hits in the uprising. Perhaps those two are on the verge of going off.
That would certainly make things easier for rookie right-hander Ivan Nova, who will take the ball for the Yankees in Thursday's Game 5 following a terrific outing to complete the Game 1 suspension.
Nova took over for CC Sabathia on Saturday and turned in 6 1/3 solid innings, as he allowed two runs and four hits. The young hurler still hasn't lost since June 3 and hasn't tasted defeat at home since falling to Kansas City way back on May 12.
He'll be opposed by his Game 1 counterpart Doug Fister, who pitched better than his line indicated last Saturday. Fister absorbed the loss and was charged with six runs and seven hits in 4 2/3 innings of work.
Fister, though, could have some things working in his favor on Thursday, as the home team in Division Series Game 5's have won just six of the previous 14 matchups in this round. Also going for him is the fact that the team that has won Game 3, which the Tigers did on Monday, has gone on to win the Division Series 31 of the last 37 times.
But then again, since 1995, five of the nine pitcher rematches went to the team who won the first showdown. Then again, it's not technically a rematch since both appeared in relief.
"We have an opportunity," Girardi said. "We have an opportunity to win a series. We fought all year long to have home-field advantage. Hopefully, we can get it done on Thursday."
And if they do, it will be because of Burnett's start on Tuesday. You can't predict baseball.


The space shuttle’s hydrogen-fueled rocket engines will soon roar again after receiving upgrades to fly on the Space Launch System, a heavy-lifting mega-rocket NASA hopes will take astronauts on journeys farther than humans have ever traveled.
The first unmanned SLS flight is set for the end of 2017, at the earliest, but testing is already beginning to wring out the rocket’s engines.
Each Space Launch System flight will use four of the space shuttle main engines on its core stage. Two strap-on rocket boosters, derived from the solid rocket motors that flew on the space shuttle, will help the massive launch vehicle get off the ground.
Astronauts will strap into an Orion capsule on top of the second SLS flight around 2021, launching a crew beyond low Earth orbit for the first time since 1972. The mission could visit a captured asteroid near the moon, assuming NASA’s proposed asteroid retrieval mission is technically and politically successful by then.
With an initial version capable of lifting 70 tons into low Earth orbit — and rockets producing 8.4 million pounds of thrust at liftoff — the Space Launch System will be the most powerful booster ever built, according to NASA.
NASA kept parts for 16 shuttle rocket engines after the program’s last mission in 2011. Officials shipped the powerplants from Kennedy Space Center in Florida to the Stennis Space Center, NASA’s primary rocket engine test facility in southern Mississippi, for storage and upgrades for the Space Launch System.
In parallel with the engine modifications, construction crews are beefing up a mammoth test stand at Stennis for the most powerful liquid-fueled rocket engine test firing conducted in the United States in nearly 50 years.
Some time in 2016, the massive core stage of the first SLS vehicle will be hoisted into the test stand for at least two “mission duty cycle” test firings, each lasting more than 8 minutes with four rocket engines, sending a thunderous sound wave across southwest Mississippi.
Engineers first plan a series of single-engine tests of the shuttle engines, which are known as RS-25 engines when modified for use on the Space Launch System.
Spaceflight Now visited the Stennis Space Center in July, touring the engine refurbishment and storage facility and the test stand to be used for Space Launch System first stage testing.
The images show a RS-25 engine being prepared to move to the test stand, the boxes and containers with shuttle-era engine components, and views of the test stand.
Image Credit: NASA
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Under sunny, blue Pearl City skies, the newly renovated Pearl City District Park pool opened to the public this morning following a City & County of Honolulu Department of Parks & Recreation rededication ceremony held at poolside. Congratulations to Aaron Saito who is a Mililani swimming coach and was the first to swim in the pool followed by the first keiki to swim in the pool Quinn and Kai from Pearl City. Mahalo to Grandpa Gary for chaperoning Quinn and Kai at the pool today.
“This feels really nice. The water feels really nice and clean. Anyone who really likes swimming should come down to the pool and swim.”
More pool reopening coverage coming soon…
Photos by Barry Villamil | MyPearlCity.com


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Blick carries a wide selection of painting books for beginners, pros, and everyone in between. Learn a variety of acrylic, oil, watercolor, sumi, and encaustic techniques. Color theory books are great for beginners and getting fresh color inspiration. Learn key concepts, color mixing, and more. Study the color wheel and topics such as hue, saturation, and temperature.
Some painting books focus on a particular subject, like landscapes or still lifes. Others offer a well-rounded approach that touches on a variety of subjects and techniques. Many introduce readers to essential tools and include step-by-step instructions and full-color photos.


Apollo Sprayers - 5/8" x 34' Turbine Air Hose, Model A1069
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Naomi Judd died by suicide on April 30. Since then, her family has been mourning while the world watches. Earlier this month, Ashley and Wynonna Judd and their stepfather Larry Strickland petitioned the court to keep some details of the country icon’s death private. More specifically, they hoped to keep investigative files, including audio and video recordings and photos surrounding Naomi’s death sealed.
The Judd family had to petition the court to seal those records because many states have laws that allow police records from closed cases to become public knowledge. Ashley Judd has been vocal about the need for legislative reform on this topic.
In a recent op-ed for the New York Times, Ashley Judd wrote, “I could not help [Naomi]. I can, however, do something about how she is remembered.” Judd went on to say that her mother’s death taught her about the massive invasion of privacy that comes with having a loved one die by suicide. She intends to make that invasion of privacy “a personal as well as a legal goal.”
“Family members who have lost a loved one are often revictimized by laws that can expose their most private moments to the public,” Judd wrote before talking about her experience with law enforcement after her mother’s death.
Ashely Judd Shares Her Experience
In the op-ed, Ashely Judd talked about the moments just after her mother’s death. Law enforcement entered the home and began to investigate the scene. That investigation included multiple interviews with the shocked and grieving family. “I gushed answers to the many probing questions directed at me in the four interviews the police insisted I do on the very day my mother died – questions I would have never answered on any other day,” she said of the experience. Judd went on to say that she understands that officers on the scene were just following protocol but hopes that protocol will change in the future.
These interviews, Ashley Judd said, are why they filed the petition. They hope to “prevent the public disclosure of the investigative file, including interviews the police conducted with us at a time when we were at our most vulnerable and least able to grasp what we shared that day so freely could enter the public domain,” Judd wrote. She added that they’re asking for this privacy not because they have anything to hide. Instead, “We ask because privacy in death is a death with dignity. And for those left behind, privacy avoids heaping further harm upon a family…”
A Need for New Laws
Currently, Ashley Judd and her family don’t know if the court will grant them their privacy. They’re waiting “with taut nerves” to hear the court’s decision. This is why Ashley Judd believes that laws regarding the dissemination of police reports need to change. Additionally, she hopes that law enforcement protocol in dealing with suicides and other mental health emergencies will improve.
About that need for change, Judd wrote, “I hope that leaders in Washington and in the state capitals will provide some basic protections for those involved in the police response to mental health emergencies. Those emergencies are tragedies, not grist for the public spectacle.”

domain: law


a reply to: Rezlooper
Probably is. I mean who has not taken to jogging in the middle of the night and sprinting across roads and highway lanes for the fun of it in knee
deep snow? We all have done it at one time or another, so its likely to happen, even in Russia.
Here is a retake of that dash cam vid, they tried to redo the capture footage of the dash cam using a guy who's 6,6 and has the iconic name of Bobo.
They got him to run across the street in the same place. Well its kind of interesting, but how do they know what proportions of body to leg length
bigfoots are at, to get them to say that by comparison whoever ran across the street that night was probably at least 7ft tall? But Anyways.
edit on 8pmSundaypm082017f0pmSun, 08 Jan 2017 20:25:06 -0600 by galadofwarthethird because: (no reason given)
Wow, that first video is quite intriguing!! With the enhancement, it's clearly bipedal, whatever it is, and looks bulky. fast-moving, too, and not
like a bear. The second, also interesting, but harder to say! Nice finds!!
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Xpress Aluminum Boats are known as the strongest, best built aluminum boats in the industry. This 2017 XPRESS STRIKER 17 is the perfect way to find out for yourself and SAVE lots of CASH. Powered by a Yamaha 50 hp. four stroke outboard engine, dependable mobility is not a problem. The bow is equipped with a 12 v Minn Kota 45 # thrust trolling motor. The dash features a Lowrance Elite 7 graph. DO NOT MISS this opportunity to start fishing at an economical price. COME SEE IT today, the 2012 XPRESS STRIKER 17.
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domain: hobby


The Kingdom We Long ForWhat makes you most desperate for the fullness of God’s kingdom to arrive?
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An abnormally low level of sugar in the blood, most commonly caused by excessive doses of insulin in people with diabetes or by excessive ingestion of alcohol or certain other drugs. It can cause weakness, dizziness, disorientation, and, if prolonged, permanent brain damage.
The presence of an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood.
Find another word for hypoglycaemia. In this page you can discover 16 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for hypoglycaemia, like: hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hyperglycaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hypoxaemia, hypotension, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypovolaemia and hypercalcaemia.


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Grocery shopping can be daunting, especially if you have a late-night supper planned or don’t have the time to get to the store in the morning. Fear no more, as we’re here to tell you which grocery store is open later than most. In addition to providing you with the store hours for your favorite chain, we’ll include some of our favorite late-night eats so that you can fuel up without breaking the bank. Happy grocery shopping!
What time do grocery stores close in your area?
In many areas, grocery stores close at 10 or 11 pm. However, this varies from place to place; stores sometimes stay open later, depending on location. Most grocery stores in metropolitan areas will be closed by around 9 pm.
How to save on groceries when store hours are late
If your grocery store hours are later than usual, there are some things you can do to save on groceries. Here are a few tips:
– Check the store’s website to see if they have any special deals.
– Shop at the grocery store’s bulk section for grains, flour, and nuts. These items can be cheaper than buying them in pre-packaged form.
– Consider buying generic household goods brands instead of more expensive name brands. Generic brands may not have all of their features, but they’re usually just as affordable.
– If you have time before your groceries need to be delivered, go ahead and purchase them online and have them delivered to your house. This may be the best option if you don’t have much time to shop or don’t live close to a grocery store that is open late.
The best time of day to shop for groceries
There is no definitive answer to this question, as the best time of day to shop for groceries depends on several factors, such as your location and what you are looking for. However, some experts suggest that the best time to shop for groceries is in the morning, as stores are generally less crowded and prices are lower. Additionally, many stores have evening hours specifically designed for grocery shopping, which gives customers more options and reduces wait times. In general, it is always a good idea to check store hours before heading out so that you know when the busiest times are.
Which groceries should you buy in bulk?
To save money while grocery shopping, buying groceries in bulk is important. Here are five types of groceries that you should always buy in bulk: cereal, milk, eggs, bread, and cheese.
The best time to buy groceries in bulk is during the week when stores are closed on Saturday. Grocery stores are open from 7 am to 9 pm on weekdays, and many stores also have Sunday hours. This gives you plenty of time to plan your shopping trip and stock up on necessary items.
When organizing your grocery shopping for bulk items, it’s helpful to know the store’s specific hours of operation. Some grocery stores close early at night or on Sundays, so check the store’s website or call ahead before arriving to avoid disappointment.
It can also be advantageous to shop at several stores throughout the week to get the best deals on bulk items. This way, you can compare prices and find the best deal for what you need. Some stores have better prices on certain types of food than others; it’s worth checking out several different stores before making a purchase.
Thank you for reading our article on the closest grocery store open late. In case you missed it, here are the top five reasons to shop at the supermarket later in the evening:
1) Grocery stores tend to have a wider variety of food available later in the evening. This means you’re more likely to find something that fits your specific craving or dietary preference.
2) Late-night shoppers are more likely to be successful in finding items that are on sale. With less competition, there’s usually more room for discounts and promotions on items like groceries.
3) Many supermarkets close their doors at around 9 pm local time, meaning customers who want to buy perishables (like meat or dairy products) will have to wait until morning. This can add up if you’re trying to stock up on groceries for multiple meals throughout the week.
4) Unlike most convenience stores which close at midnight, supermarkets typically offer extended hours for customers who need help stocking their pantry and fridge with food. So not only do you save time by shopping at night, but also you don’t have to worry about running out of food during the workweek!
5) Finally, many people find it easier to rest after dinner when they’re not surrounded by bright lights and loud noises all day long. Staying up late shopping may not sound like fun but trust us- once you try it, you’ll wonder how you ever did without it!
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