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Al Zeltmann grew up in Brooklyn, New York. After being drafted into the Army during World War II, he was assigned to the Special Engineer Detachment and arrived at Los Alamos in 1944. After the war, he stayed at Los Alamos, and worked as a physical chemist at the Los Alamos laboratory for nearly 40 years. In this interview, he recalls his Manhattan Project work, including on the “RaLa” experiments with Gerhart Friedlander, and describes the relationship between the military and civilians on “The Hill.” He also remembers receiving some unusual instructions from a mail censor after his wife complained he “wasn’t very warm” in his letters.
Jennet Conant is an author who has written extensively on the Manhattan Project and some of its most prominent figures. Some of her books include “The Irregulars: Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington” and “Man of the Hour: James B. Conant, Warrior Scientist.” In this interview, Conant describes some of the stories she writes about in her book “109 East Palace: Robert Oppenheimer and the Secret City of Los Alamos.” Specifically, she focuses on the life of Dorothy McKibbin, the “Gatekeeper to Los Alamos,” and her contributions to the Los Alamos laboratory during the war. She also discusses the Trinity Site, Klaus Fuchs’s espionage, and the stresses the Manhattan Project put on relationships between scientists and their families.
Jenny Kimball is the Chairman of the Board of the La Fonda on the Plaza hotel, which is the oldest hotel site in the United States. In this interview, she discusses the rich history of La Fonda, from its establishment in the 1600s through its development as part of the famous Harvey hotel chain to its award-winning status today. She describes the role of the Harvey family in branding the hotel, and the important work of Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter, who designed La Fonda and other iconic Harvey hotels. She also explains her involvement in the hotel and her efforts to showcase La Fonda’s architectural and cultural history. Kimball describes the process of restoring the interior of La Fonda, and the work of artists and others to make the rooms match what they looked like in earlier decades. She concludes by talking about La Fonda’s role as a watering hole for Manhattan Project scientists working in Los Alamos.
Julie Melton is an author and expert on civil society, development, and democratization. She is the daughter of Manhattan Project historian David Hawkins and Frances Hawkins, the founder of the nursery school at Los Alamos. During the Manhattan Project, her family lived in the same four-family house as Victor and Ellen Weisskopf, who became some of their closest friends. In this interview, she shares her childhood memories of Los Alamos and anecdotes about prominent Manhattan Project scientists. She also describes her parents’ involvement in the Communist Party at Berkeley, where her father met J. Robert Oppenheimer. She concludes with a brief reflection on the frustrations of being a woman at Los Alamos.
Geoffrey Chew was an undergraduate studying physics at George Washington University when he assisted Washington Post journalist (and future children’s novelist) Jean Craighead in writing an article on atomic weapons. His professor, George Gamow, recommended that Chew join Edward Teller’s team at Los Alamos. At Los Alamos, Chew witnessed the Trinity Test from a nearby mountain and worked on Teller’s ideas for developing the hydrogen bomb. In graduate school, Chew was supervised by Enrico Fermi. In this interview, Chew recounts his unique entrance to the Manhattan Project and his relationship with Edward Teller. He also recalls an incident when Fermi had trouble playing a game at a party, his conversation with an intelligence man on the Craighead article, and serving as John von Neumann’s “human computer.” Finally, Chew discusses his current research on the Big Bang.
John Mench was assigned to the Special Engineer Detachment at Los Alamos where he worked as a pattern maker, creating wooden casts for metal work at the site’s foundry. Mench describes what it was like to live in the barracks at Los Alamos and discusses everything from housing and recreation to security and secrecy, including his daughter’s birth certificate, which was marked P.O. Box 1663. Mench also discusses the founding of the Los Alamos Little Theater, where he directed numerous plays that were attended by some of the most famous scientists on the site. He jokingly recounts a date with one of the young WACs, who never invited him to dinner again because he spent the entire date talking about his wife and child. On a more serious note, Mench offers his opinion on the use of the atomic bomb against Japan and the importance of the Manhattan Project in ending the war.
Dorothy McKibbin was responsible for welcoming new recruits to the Manhattan Project. Known by many as the “gatekeeper” to Los Alamos, McKibbin ran the Santa Fe office at 109 East Palace for the Los Alamos National Laboratory during World War II. She checked in the many scientists who came through Santa Fe on their way to work on the development of the atomic bomb, issuing passes and briefing them about life in the Manhattan Project. In this interview, McKibbin recalls the strict security measures in place in Santa Fe and Los Alamos and also discusses Klaus Fuchs. She also speaks about day-to-day life at Santa Fe, including the women who came to work on the Manhattan Project.
William Lowe was studying chemical and metallurgical engineering when World War II began. A member of the Special Engineering Detachment, he arrived in Los Alamos and began assisting chemist Arthur Wahl. Lowe recalls working with Wahl on the process for purifying the plutonium for the Gadget and the bombs, and talks about the safety procedures they used to minimize risk of radiation exposure. Lowe later worked on building new reactors, laboratories, and other support facilities at Hanford. He worked in the nuclear power industry for many years and shares his experience of being in the control room during the Three Mile Island incident.
Haskell Sheinberg arrived at Los Alamos in late 1944 as part of the Special Engineer Detachment. Sheinberg’s first assignment was to purify plutonium under the direction of Arthur Wahl, one of the co-discoverers of plutonium. Sheinberg discusses the safety procedures the laboratory had in place to protect its workers from the harmful effects of radiation and also recalls attending several of Oppenheimer’s colloquiums regarding the overall progress of the Manhattan Project. He remembers meeting his wife, who worked in the Women’s Auxiliary Corps and received a commendation from Oppenheimer for her technical work, at one of the dances at the Los Alamos recreation hall. Sheinberg had a long and storied career at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Robert Schwerin arrived at Los Alamos in June of 1945 and worked as a security guard for the Manhattan Project, often guarding plutonium. He provided security detail for the “black” government vehicles carrying the precious plutonium from the railway stations in New Mexico to Los Alamos and offers valuable insight into the Army’s emphasis on secrecy and security. He also recalls his brief encounter with General Leslie Groves, to whom he hand-delivered a top-secret message regarding the 1947 nuclear tests in the South Pacific.

domain: history


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Have you ever heard of Advanced Peripherals Minecraft Mod? You can add new elements to the game that are not available in the vanilla version. And, you can build those as well. So, what are the things you can do with the Advanced Peripherals? Here is a list of some of the things you can try:
Crafting Items and Weapons. Like any other miner, you can craft useful resources and items at a faster pace. This add-on also allows you to craft several items at one time and only have to right-click on the item to place it in your inventory. In addition to this, you will also notice that mining and skinning are easier than they used to be. You will also find a great number of ores, precious metals and ingots in this mod as well.
Traveling. You can travel to different places using the MGA transport system. You will need the right materials and also a MGA transport device in order to travel. You will also find underground veins that you can use to finish off the game’s achievements, like, capturing the fort, or finding the mysterious chest.
Multiplayer. You can play this game over Xbox Live, or you can opt to play against other players online. You will be able to meet all kinds of people from around the world, and they are usually very nice players to hang out with. Plus, there is also a multiplayer battle zone where you can kill each other and get rewarded for your efforts. There are also special challenges, which will let you earn special weapons and armor, just like what you would in the vanilla game.
World Boss. There is a World Boss in the game, and you will have to defeat it in order to progress further into the game. This is like the bosses in the original game, but they are much tougher, as you will have to fight them for a couple of days, before you can even fight them again. There are also powerful monsters in the World Boss that are very difficult to beat.
These are just some of the things that Advanced Peripherals Minecraft Mod can do to the Vanilla MineTweaker. If you are familiar with the mod, you will know that it adds many new features that can make your game more exciting. You will not need to worry about spending a lot of money in order to enjoy the mod as it is entirely free. If you want to learn more about this mod, I suggest you follow me on Twitter, as I am continuously updating this page with new information about the mod.

domain: entertainment


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BEST ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENT
Team6 Game Studios B.V. won the official Dutch Game Award for ‘Best Economic Achievement 2017’. “We are very pleased that the jury has acknowledged our achievement and has therefore given us this wonderful award!”
BEST ENTERPRISE OF THE PROVINCE
Team6 Game Studios B.V. was nominated for the best Regional Enterprise of the Year Award. This means that the company is being recognized as one of the ten best enterprises in the region.
At Team6 we are passionate about what we do best: Creating games. From top-10 mobile game development to AAA-quality Xbox One and Playstation 4 games, and from intense action-games to health & fitness games; Team6 is one of the most versatile and trending game developers.
SUPER STREET: THE GAME
AVAILABLE NOW: THE FIRST OFFICIAL SUPER STREET GAME!
Get ready to build your ultimate ride! Super Street: The Game brings back classic arcade racing. It’s available now for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC-Steam.
WE WORK WITH GREAT PARTNERS
Together we bring amazing games to gamers
FAMILY FRIENDLY ENTERTAINMENT
Team6 and GameMill bring Monster Jam: Crush It for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch! This console game features new Monster Jam trucks including Dragon™ and Pirate’s Curse™, and exciting new gameplay for all ages.

domain: game


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Looking for ways to increase the value of your Kansas home by adding to the great outdoors? Here are 7 ideas to improve your living space from Empire Construction Group.
After a long winter, it’s exciting to think about revamping your outdoor living space and using it for spring entertaining. How do you make sure that your space is a breath of fresh air and perfectly functional even in slightly cooler weather? Here are some outdoor living space ideas that work perfectly with spring.
Making the most of your outdoor space allows you to spread out in the summer months. Here are the top trends for outdoor living spaces this summer.
Investing in your outdoor living space is just as important as investing in your interiors. An outdoor living space not only adds value to your home, but it also makes your home more inviting. Here are a few reasons you may want to consider hiring a professional contractor to design, plan and complete your outdoor...

domain: design


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The office will look into whether the configuration of user contracts allowing the company to use user data is a possible abuse of its position as the market leader in its field, the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reported on Wednesday.
Facebook collects large amounts of personal data on its users which it uses to allow advertisers to target their campaigns.
The investigation will look at “whether the consumer is sufficiently informed about the manner and scope of the data collection.”
“The authority is investigating suspicions that with its specific terms of service on the use of user data, Facebook has abused its possibly dominant position in the market for social networks,” a Bundeskartellamt statement read.
“It is essential to also examine under the aspect of abuse of market power whether the consumers are sufficiently informed about the type and extent of data collected,” Bundeskartellamt head Andreas Mundt said.
Long tail of breaches
The Federation of Consumer Protection Offices has previously warned Facebook over legal breaches in its terms and conditions.
In a statement last January it said Facebook’s claim on the homepage that “Facebook is free and always will be” is misleading.
“Users don't pay for Facebook. But Facebook earns billions every year by exploiting the collective data of its users and selling them in the form of personalized advertising space to companies,” vzbv board member Klaus Müller warned at the time.
This is the second time this year the tech-giant has rubbed up against German authorities for privacy intrusion.
In January the High Court ruled that Facebook’s Friend Finder which sent invitations to join right to people’s inboxes want an engagement in “unwanted and harassing” advertising.

domain: law


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Lastly, some ideas on the keto diet and weight loss Generally speaking, you’ll need to maintain a daily caloric deficit of around 500 calories. If you continue at this pace, you should begin to observe significant weight reduction after anywhere between 10 and 21 days. Some people may be able to achieve their weight reduction objectives sooner, while others may need a little more time.
How much weight can you lose in a month on keto?
One month into the ketogenic diet, and the weight reduction has been significant. He points out that there are a variety of factors that influence weight reduction, but that after approximately a month, the body gets more fat-adapted and becomes more effective at burning fat for fuel, according to the research. Dr. Seeman reports that the typical weight reduction for her patients over the first month is 10-12 pounds.
How soon after starting keto do you lose weight?
However, in the majority of instances, people begin to lose weight within the first week of starting a ketogenic diet. Typical weight reduction of up to 10 pounds or more in the first couple of weeks is not uncommon with this diet, as is the case with many others. It is not fat that is being lost, but rather water weight as a result of reducing carbohydrate consumption.
Can I lose 40 pounds in 2 months on keto?
With time, the rate of fat loss will slow down, and you may anticipate to lose 4 to 10 pounds of fat every month if you stick to the Keto diet. That implies you may expect to lose around 40 pounds in the same 4-5 months as the average person.
How can I speed up weight loss on keto?
The following pointers will be of assistance.
- Carbohydrates are number one on the list. The first and most important rule of Keto is to limit carbohydrate intake. The second and most important guideline of Keto is to track calories. As a result, you’ll want to keep track of your calories as well as your macros to ensure long-term weight loss.
- #3: Track Ketones.
- #4: Prioritize Sleep.
- #5: Manage Stress.
- #6: Get Enough Protein.
- #7: Intermittent fasting.
How much weight do you lose on keto in 3 weeks?
While I dropped around 3.5 pounds throughout my three weeks on the diet (though I did gain a little back near the end, as you’ll see), Nick shed more than 5 pounds while also getting some other health advantages, which I’ll discuss in more detail below.
How do you know if keto is working?
Listed below are 10 indications and symptoms that may assist a person in determining whether or not the ketogenic diet is working for them in this article.
- Ketone levels have increased. Pin it to your Pinterest board. Ketone levels can be determined by taking a blood sample.
- Weight loss.
- Muscle cramps and spasms.
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Stomach complaints.
- Changes in sleep.
How much can you lose in 3 months on keto?
Ketone levels have risen significantly. Pin it to your Pinterest boards. Ketone levels can be determined with a blood sample. ;Weight loss. ;Thirst. ;Muscle cramps and spasms. ;Headaches. ;Fatigue and weakness. ;Stomach complaints. ;Changes in sleep.
What should I expect the first week of keto?
During the first two weeks of the ketogenic diet, you will feel sluggish and exhausted (Keto Flu) The dreaded Keto Flu is a condition that affects those who follow a ketogenic diet. When starting a Keto diet, many people report feeling sluggish, weary, and weak for several days. It’s because your body is accustomed to operating on carbohydrates, and you’ve removed that source of fuel.
Can you drink alcohol on keto?
Drinks that are Keto-Friendly If you follow a ketogenic diet, you have a plethora of low-carb alcohol alternatives at your disposal. For example, pure types of alcohol such as whiskey, gin, tequila, rum, and vodka are all absolutely devoid of carbohydrate content. These beverages can be consumed on their own or blended with low-carb mixers to enhance their flavor.
What does a keto diet look like?
A good ketogenic diet should consist of around 75 percent fat, 10-30 percent protein, and no more than 5 percent, or 20 to 50 grams of carbohydrates per day, in order to promote weight loss and promote health. Concentrate on high-fat, low-carb meals such as eggs, meats, dairy, and low-carb veggies, as well as sugar-free drinks, to achieve your weight loss goals. Make a point of avoiding overly processed foods as well as bad fats.
Does keto diet get rid of belly fat?
Surprisingly, a ketogenic diet has been shown to be an extremely efficient method of losing belly fat. In the graph above, it can be seen that a ketogenic diet significantly reduces overall weight, body fat, and abdominal trunk fat in comparison to a low-fat diet ( 11 ).
Can you lose 10 lbs in a week on keto?
People have reported weight decreases ranging from 1 pound (0.5 kg) to 10 or more pounds during the first week, according to anecdotal evidence (5 kg). The greater your body mass index (BMI), the more water weight you are likely to shed after beginning keto. However, it is doubtful that a significant portion of this early weight reduction is due to fat loss.
Why is my weight loss so slow on keto?
It is possible that your weight loss will stall as your body adjusts to a lack of carbohydrates after the first few weeks of the ketogenic diet. According to Weidner, “it may be incredibly demotivating to see rapid weight reduction stall, but this is the essence of the keto diet.”

domain: health


The U.S. Naval Base Guam (NBG) main gate, March 18, 2016. (U.S. Navy photo/Jeffrey Landis) Four years after a scathing federal report found that a child molester and other convicted criminals gained unfettered access to Navy bases through a popular background vetting service, officials last week announced they’re phasing in a new I.D. system.
Dated Wednesday, an advisory by Navy Installations Command in Washington, D.C., ordered commanders to immediately begin transitioning to the Defense Biometrics Identification Systems — called DBIDS — in a process expected to take six months to complete.
The move scraps the service’s use of the Rapidgate passes relied on by truck drivers, ship repair workers and other non-federal employees to quickly access Navy bases. By July 15, badge and decal offices in the continental United States, Hawaii and Guam must screen the backgrounds of all contractors and their employees routinely making unescorted trips to Navy bases for criminal convictions, active warrants and other disqualifying misconduct.
The Navy will issue to qualified vendors a DBIDs paper pass good for 90 days. By Oct. 12, these cards will be replaced by DBIDS cards.
Derry Pence, President, Port of San Diego Ship Repair Association, estimated that about 10,000 employees of his organization’s 160 members could be affected by the switch from the Rapidgate system. Instead of overwhelming each base’s badge and decal office, Navy officials were reserving specific days for federal screeners to vet the contractors’ workers, he said. Pence urged employees with questions about the switch to DBIDS to talk to their bosses.
"They seem to be trying to make this go as smoothly as possible so it doesn’t impact us," he said.
Military officials in Washington did not respond to requests for comment for this story, but Navy Region Southwest security director Matthew Crews reported no problems with the initial roll out at the command’s 10 installations in California and Nevada.
A late 2013 report by the Department of Defense Inspector General found that at two unnamed installations in Navy Region Southwest were accessed by 10 Rapidgate pass holders who should have been denied credentials because of prior convictions. The inspector general found that nationwide, 52 felons who routinely entered Navy installations over a span of 62 to 1,035 days before their criminal records were discovered. That put "military personnel, dependents, civilians and installations at an increased security risk," the report concluded.
One of the unnamed felons had been convicted of taking "indecent liberties with a child." Investigators concluded that "due to the unreliable accuracy of vetting contractors through the Rapidgate system, the claimed reductions in security risk provided installation commanders with a false sense of security, leaving installations exposed to potentially hostile actions."
They recommended that the Navy halt the third-party verification service offered by Oregon-based Eid Passport, Inc., and replace it with a system that better followed federal vetting guidelines.
Under Rapidgate, vendors doing business on bases paid Eid Passport to run the background checks and issue the passes, displacing most costs to the private sector and not the armed forces.
Navy officials initially balked […]


With top officials of the Haryana government examining whether to reopen a file pertaining to alleged “premature” promotion of six IPS officers in 2018, state home minister Anil Vij wants additional chief secretary (home) TVSN Prasad to examine the issue.
It has been learnt that an IAS officer in the home department on June 24 had recommended to take opinion of the Advocate General (AG) or Legal Remembrancer (LR) over the issue. It was further learnt that the IAS officer was of the opinion that the directions of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) are very clear that “benefit given prematurely may be quashed”. However, another senior officer in the department had recommended against reopening of such cases “in order to avoid unnecessary legal complications”. When the matter reached him in August, Vij insisted that he would like to have comments from Prasad.
The matter pertains to the promotion of six IPS officers of 1994-batch from IGP to ADGP rank in 2018. A few months later, an IPS officer sought cancellation of the promotion order alleging gross violation of guidelines issued by the MHA. He alleged that the six IPS officers were promoted to the grade of ADGP with effect August 29, 2018 while their promotions were due with effect from January 1, 2019. According to an official, the MHA guidelines for promotions issued in 2010 clearly mention that “the zone of consideration of officers for promotion to the grade of ADGP would be officers who have put in 25 years of service, depending upon the availability of posts”.
According to officials, the state government examined the matter by referring to the fact that keeping such important posts vacant for a long period was not appropriate and also there were precedents in similar situations.
However, MHA had then pointed out that “as per the promotion guidelines, the 1994-batch officers are not eligible for the promotion to the grade of ADGP in 2018” adding “they are eligible for the promotion…from January 1, 2019”. The MHA had also asked the state government to “clarify the circumstances” under which the officers were promoted. It issued a reminder in 2019 too.
On its part, the junior officials of Haryana home department informed the seniors that five posts in the rank of ADGP were lying vacant impacting works. According to sources, they also said that keeping such important posts vacant for a long period was not appropriate and it was felt necessary to fill up the vacant posts for effective official works including in vigilance and CID wing. The junior officials also said that there were precedents wherein in the similar situations, meetings of departmental promotion committee (DPC) were called before completion of the period of officers’ service mentioned in the guidelines issued by the central government. They said that relying upon the precedent of promotion of an IAS officer of 1995-batch of Haryana cadre in the grade of chief secretary, the 1995-batch IPS officers, who had put in 30 years of service, were promoted in the rank of DGP in 2014 considering the facts that important posts in the rank of DGP were lying vacant.
Finally, the junior officials proposed two options for consideration of the senior officers. In the first option, they suggested reviewing the promotions keeping in view the guidelines of the central government which has prescribed 25 years of service for promotion of IPS officers to the rank of ADGP. They also said that these six officers may be allowed pay matrix level-15 with effect January 1, 2019 in order to bring the promotions in accordance with the guidelines issued by the MHA.
In the second option, they suggested against re-opening of such cases adding that it would invite unnecessary legal complications. They added that a similar benefit was granted to the officers of IAS cadre and IPS officers of 1984-batch in 2014. They also suggested to explain the circumstances to the MHA in which the 1994-batch IPS officers were promoted in 2018 with further assurance that the guidelines of the central government shall be strictly followed in future.


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I’m a member of the last generation that grew up without a cell phone.
My childhood consisted of packing my backpack full of books and running into the woods. I had a treefort. I could stern a canoe, and I read Anne Rice’s entire lascivious canon, all before I was 12-years old.
That’s an age that Riya Rajkumar won’t reach.
I was 16 when I got my first cell phone. At last count I’ve had seven since then. The introduction of the cell phone would change my life immeasurably. I went from being a solitary and distant little kid whose world was almost entirely internal, to being exposed to what I came to know as the Global Village. Gradually, and somehow also suddenly, the entire universe was at my fingertips. No longer did I have to sift through our ancient and outdated encyclopedia for answers to my endless questions – I only had to ask, to type it into my phone or onto my computer and the answer usually arrived. I learned media literacy really quickly because I was always in search of The Truth. I can tell almost at a glance what slant a website has, what its reading level would be, and what it’s trying to convince me of.
This global village showed me that I didn’t need to wait for someone with authority to teach me. I could seek knowledge all on my own. Of course, this methodology also exposed me to countless inappropriate and ultimately traumatizing images and concepts. But to balance that, it revealed to me the world I’d learned about in books – our stunningly inordinate, weird and wonderful world, and all the amazing, odd, and even cruel people in it. This was my village, I learned. I entered adulthood feeling a sense of belonging, understanding, and solidarity with the other denizens of planet Earth. I found connection with people who experienced similar things as me: fans of No Doubt, teenagers with eating disorders, students applying for grants, other women planning weddings, people considering bankruptcy, fanfic authors, the gay community, and feminists. As I aged from 12 to 32, I found my people, over and over.
I learned that it takes a village to raise a child. And I was a child on the internet, a little lost, a little lonely, but ever curious and thankfully discerning. I needed that village because I felt completely at odds with my family of origin and indeed the community of Huntsville. That village was there for me when I needed to talk about what was happening in my home and in my heart. At the risk of being dramatic (something of which I’ve certainly never been accused), I would say that village saved me when I had no other.
The saying “It takes a village to raise a child” precedes the Internet, of course. It has (apparently) untraceable roots in African culture, and there are variations like, “One knee does not bring up a child” in Sukuma and “One hand does not nurse a child” in Swahili. When I heard this as a young person, I thought it meant I could trust that adults were looking out for me; that if someone tried to hurt me, someone would be paying attention. In a strong community, children were safe.
On Thursday, February 14, Riya Rajkumar was taken by her father after he did not return her to her mother as had been arranged. Riya’s mother had called the police before 7pm that evening with concerns because the father had threatened violence against Riya. The police waited several hours to issue an Amber Alert, for reasons that we, the village, are not privy. Just after midnight, the Amber Alert was called off, and most of us did not realize until the next morning that this was not the good news we’d assumed.
Almost immediately after learning that Riya’s father had murdered his 11-year-old daughter, on her birthday and that of her mother, I witnessed a flood of proclamations on my social media feed decrying people for being annoyed by the alert. I thought, there’s no way people are actually up in arms over an Amber Alert, especially knowing that as a direct result of the alert Riya’s murderer was located and apprehended.
So I asked around and most people had not actually heard anyone complain directly about the text message we all received, with the exception of a couple folks who have sleep disorders or anxiety and struggled with getting back to sleep. But Global News reports that Peel Police had over 300 complaints about the late hour and other concerns. People didn’t understand why they were getting the alert in Ottawa (which is 4.5 hours from Peel and the killer ostensibly could have travelled that far after killing Riya) and Winnipeg (which, admittedly, would have been a longer trip).
My question is, where does the village end? What are the parameters by which we measure our village? When our children are in danger, where are we drawing the line? Would any one of you like to take out a map and point at the areas that you don’t think should care if your kid is kidnapped? Who do you want to make sure gets a good night’s sleep and doesn’t have to hear the piercing, disconcerting ringtone of an Amber Alert when it’s your daughter? Would you rather inconvenience a few in hopes of getting your child back alive? Invoking the drama again – could you sleep at night knowing an abducted child passed through your town and you didn’t know? Or would you rather get woken up?
I like the Amber Alert system because it restores my faith in the village. It connects us. We were all, upon hearing that noise, huddled together in a collective hush, waiting for news. I thought about Riya’s mother. I thought about my mother, and my friends’ daughters. I thought, don’t you f…ing hurt her. And I kept watch.
Because that’s what I was always told the village would do. And I’m no longer a little kid waiting for an adult to notice that something is wrong. Now I’m the adult, keeping an eye, making sure kids feel seen and heard, and checking my phone for updates on a fellow villager.
If you don’t want to be a part of the village, google ‘how to put my [phone model]on Airplane Mode’, go back to sleep, and stop wondering why kids these days don’t play outside anymore; why they are all glued to their phones, alienated from the disjointed community around them. The Global Village steps in where our own communities continue to fail. They feel supported, connected, cared about. Like someone there might look out for them, not tweet their annoyance.
We can do better. We can forge this village once more. Children are citizens, they are humans, and they deserve to feel supported and loved, not mocked and derided, and certainly not ignored. How far is the distance between airplane mode and ignoring your neighbour kid’s cries for help? How big is your village?
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Kathleen May is a writer, speaker, and activist. Her work in our community includes co-founding the long-running Huntsville Women’s Group, being a Survivor Mentor in the pilot survivor-to-survivor program through MPSSAS, co-facilitating instinct-unlocking workshops for women through I Got This, working as a host and community producer of Herstories on YourTV, volunteering with Women’s March Muskoka, and her role as a front-line counsellor at a women’s shelter. Kathleen is a 2018 Woman of Distinction for Social Activism and Community Development and also received the Best Author award for her 2018 submission at the Muskoka Novel Marathon, a fundraiser for literacy services. Her dream is a sustainable women’s land co-operative in Muskoka.

domain: literature


- Electric Underfloor Heating
- Get A Quote
Once paired with the RF Switch & neoHub, control of your heating & hot water system is possible from your iOS or Android mobile device.
NeoAir communicates to other neoStat’s in your home or directly to the NeoHub. The neoPlug or Boost can be used to extend the communication distance if required. The neohub communicates with the Heatmiser Cloud server which means no technical computer knowledge or fixed IP address are required.


text:
A 21-year-old Carol Stream man has been indicted by the Du Page County grand jury on charges of robbing a west suburban liquor store of more than $1,000 in cash and two six-packs of beer, officials announced Monday.
Jose Garcia, of 639 E. Gundersen Drive, was charged with armed robbery for the Feb. 1 incident. He allegedly entered Mr. A`s Liquors, at 628 E. St. Charles Rd., Carol Stream, and waved a snub-nosed handgun at the cashier, according to Carol Stream Police Detective Pat Quinn.
Garcia forced the cashier to hand over the store`s money bag, which contained $1,130 in cash and several checks, Quinn said. He also grabbed two six-packs of beer and ran out of the store, the indictment charges. A Carol Stream police officer stopped Garcia several blocks away, Quinn said.
Other indictments returned by the grand jury:
Dean G. Maciejewski, 29, of 1020 S. Williams St., Westmont, charged Feb. 8 by Westmont police with unlawful possession with intent to deliver cannabis. Deborah Sue Wilson, 34, of 632 Jorden Ave., Romeoville, charged Feb. 11 by Downers Grove police with unlawful possession of cocaine.
Russel R. Chadra, 23, of 1228 Williston Ave., Wheaton, and Julie Haines, 29, of 1021 Kuhn Rd., Apt. 1, Carol Stream, charged Feb. 2 by Elmhurst police with unlawful possession of cocaine.
Jezef B. Lohnstein, 19, of 19 W 207 Millbrook Drive, Downers Grove, charged Feb. 10 by Downers Grove police with unlawful possession of cannabis. Scott A. Jonas, 18, of 8302 Old Fence Ct., Woodridge, charged Jan. 31 by Darien police with unlawful possession of a stolen license plate.
Elvert Love, 38, of 522 N. View St., Aurora, charged Oct. 21 and Nov. 2 by Naperville police with retail theft of 10 window shades, having been previously convicted of theft.
Doris Hopkins, 30, of 1050 W. 14th St., Chicago, charged Feb. 3 by Oak Brook police with forgery of a cash refund receipt and obstructing justice for giving a false name to the police.
Daniel S. Kamys, 44, of 1626 W. 87th St., Downers Grove, charged July 7 by Carol Stream police with driving while his license was revoked.
John M. Carlberg, 32, of 670 Aspen Lane, Westmont, charged Nov. 25 by Darien police with retail theft of miscellaneous merchandise, having been previously convicted of burglary.
Claudia Saenz, 37, of 5050 N. Clark St., Chicago, and Ricardo Scarolly, 23, of 2525 W. Armitage Ave., Chicago, charged Jan. 29 by Aurora police with retail theft of shirts from J.C. Penney.
Gary Lee Matteson, 18, of 361 Ridge Ct., Bolingbrook, charged Feb. 6 by Naperville police with unlawful restraint of a young girl.
Mark T. Light, 19, of 345 E. Lincoln Ave., Glendale Heights, charged Feb. 6 by Bloomingdale and Glendale Heights police with burglary of a motor vehicle and possession of burglary tools (two screwdrivers).
Ronda Lee Wildermuth, 31, of 631 Burns St., Carol Stream, charged Feb. 3 by Aurora police with retail theft of clothing from Marshall Field & Co.
Robert G. Jackson, 20, and Casey Bishop, 19, of 777 Royal St. George Drive, Apt. 716, Naperville, charged Feb. 20 by Wheaton police with burglary of a motor vehicle.
Thomas E. Barbush, 30, of 10016 Eleanor Ave., Palos Hills, charged Feb. 3 by Downers Grove police with retail theft of a color TV, a pair of blue jeans and a shirt from K mart.
Eileen D. Lucchetti, 27, and Frank R. Lucchetti, 28, of 3105 Rose St., Franklin Park, charged Feb. 2 by Downers Grove police with retail theft of medicine from K mart.
Victor J. Remarcik, 20, of 5041 S. Luna Ave., Kevin C. Mertes, 20, of 5340 W. 51st St., and Melvin J. Vorisek, 19, of 4053 S. Long Ave., all of Chicago, charged Feb. 4 by Westmont police with burglary of a motor vehicle.
Gregory T. Herbert, 18, of 910 LaCrosse St., Carol Stream, charged Nov. 25 by Carol Stream police with burglary of a residence.
John Golis, 39, of 1423 Jefferson St., Naperville, charged Oct. 1 by Naperville police with driving while his license was revoked.
William C. Tweedy, 23, of 1191 Colorado Ave., Aurora, charged Jan. 30 by Naperville police with residential burglary.
Guy McCreary, 29, of 1819 Bataan Ave., Maywood, charged Jan. 19 by Itasca police with residential burglary.
James E. Reynolds, 20, of 2013 Country Club Drive, Apt. 26A, Woodridge, charged Dec. 20, Dec. 23, Dec. 26, Dec. 30 and Jan. 2 by Westmont police with forgery of checks for $229.63, $174.10, $167.49, $229.43 and $229.63.
Richard C. Schoenneman, 61, of 3011 N. 78th Ave., Elmwood Park, charged Jan. 17 by the Illinois secretary of state with failure to keep records while operating an automotive repair and body shop.
Donald E. Corley, 29, of Chicago, charged Feb. 4 by Darien police with unlawful possession of stolen license plates.
Leon W. Weathers, 25, of 1911 W. 142nd St., Dixmoor, charged Nov. 30 by Glendale Heights and Oak Brook police with unlawful possession of a stolen vehicle and criminal damage to a Glendale Heights police vehicle, and Nov. 29 with burglary of a motor vehicle and theft.
Charles Lawler, 19, of the Du Page County Jail, charged Jan. 17 by Carol Stream police with residential burglary.

domain: news


According to a new survey, 10% fewer people are planning on handing out candy to trick-or-treaters tonight than last year. Last year 78% of people said they handed out candy . . . this year only 68% will do it.
But . . . 23% of the people who aren’t passing out candy are going to pass out something ELSE like pennies, stickers, or small toys. (PR Newswire)


WARMINSTER — Pennsbury was perfect during the Suburban One League National Conference girls track and field season, and the Falcons had enough to hold off rival Council Rock South at the championship meet.
Zakkiyah Richardson and Sara Sargent were triple winners at the championship meet, held Friday and Saturday at William Tennent, as the Falcons topped the Golden Hawks, 232-220.
“We’re all really happy,” Sargent said. “We’re very well rounded. We were confident in our abilities, but not overconfident.”
Sargent won the 1,600 meters and was the leadoff leg on the winning 4x800-meter relay, which also consisted of Liz Wedekind, Erin O’Connell and Erica Gray.
Richardson won the 100 and 200 meters and joined Sargent, Uche Onuoha and Husniyyah “Nini” Rogers on the winning 4x400 relay.
Victoria Miskel easily won the triple jump with a leap of 35-11.5.
“Everybody contributed,” Onuoha said. “We have good distance runners and good sprinters, and Vic won the triple jump.”
CR South had a terrific meet.
Paige McDowell won the 100 and 300 hurdles.
“It feels nice,” she said. “My goal was to get first. It prepares me for districts and states and puts me in a good spot.”
McDowell, who finished fifth in the long jump, will concentrate on the 300 hurdles at next week’s District One Class AAA meet. She placed third in the PIAA in that event last spring.
“It would be nice to be a district champ, but my goal is to get as high as I can on the podium at states,” she said.
Amanda Benninghoff won the pole vault, clearing 12-0.
The Hawks dominated the high jump. Freshman Shannon Taub won by clearing 5-2. Allison Taub, her twin, was the runner-up. Alex Wheatley was third.
Wheatley also won the 800 for the second year in a row in a district-qualifying time of 2:18.33, beating Sargent by almost two seconds.
“I was just trying to finish the race and hopefully get a (personal record), and it worked out really well,” said the Princeton basketball recruit.
Council Rock North had two champions. Kate Scott took the 3,200 in 11:23.16. Alysha Slezak threw 102-4 to win the javelin.
Bensalem’s Tyra Roberts was a double winner. She took first in the shot put (37-2.5) and discus (108-1).
Harry S. Truman won the 4x100 relay in 48.92. The team consisted of Evelina Sloboh, Nikki Herbert, Phideline Guillobel and Jamie Tramel.
Neshaminy had three runners-up (Jessica Stecklein, long jump; Courtney Okwara, shot put; Jamie King, 100 hurdles).
Tennent’s top finisher was Emily Streahle, sixth in the 400.
Tom Waring: 215-949-4215; email, twaring@phillyBurbs.com


text:
HEART*IZ is the second mini-album from IZ*ONE and it features the lead song Violeta.
Chromatic is the second EP from Canadian R&B artist KALLITECHNIS.
TOZ has never even heard of Nico & Vinz before. So he jumps into a recommendation from a friend for the next installment of the Year of Discovery.
LOONA are a 12-member female Korean pop group signed to Blockberry Creative. X X is the repackaged version of their 2018 EP + + featuring the lead song Butterfly.
Eye of the Storm is the ninth studio album from ONE OK ROCK. It features the songs used for Honda’s “Go, Vantage Point” commercial (Change, Stand Out Fit In) and the theme for the movie Kingdom. (Wasted Nights)
at TWO is Anna Takeuchi's second EP release that features the single Free! Free! Free!
Anna Takeuchi is an American born singer-song writer raised in Kyoto. at ONE is her first EP release and it features the single Alright.
Suki to Iwasetai is IZ*ONE’s debut Japanese single. Will they be able to duplicate the success they experienced in Korea or get lost in the shuffle of female pop groups in Japan?

domain: artistic


text:
There’s nothing like a heaping bowl of “red” or chili con carne to warm body and soul on a cold winter’s eve. The evening of January 19, the good cooks at Delight Valley Church of Christ warmed up a whole roomful of folks at their chili cook-off.
Pastor Bob Friend introduced the judges for the event, beginning with representatives of the fire department — Howard Schesser and (later) Joe Raade. It was felt that they might be needed in case things got too hot! As it turned out, Joe was late due to some fire department business. Fortunately, his wife Lynn was able to step in for him and they later combined notes.
I was the third judge to be put on the hot seat and my husband Chuck rounded out the panel. When one gentleman playfully offered me a bribe, Chuck immediately stuck out his hand, changed hats and became my business manager!
Each of us was given a clipboard with a judge’s work sheet attached, leaving room for comments. Then, we trooped into the serving area and filled a tray with 11 numbered paper cups. The cooks hopefully filled our cups from their slow cookers and the tasting began.
While we were working hard at our job of tasting and choosing, the other guests were chowing down and making their choices for the People’s Choice award. They helped themselves to as many bowls as they could eat and topped them off with a variety of condiments: pungent diced onion, zesty salsa, smooth sour cream or freshly grated cheese. Hot corn bread was also served and ice cream was the final course to cool everyone’s tummies.
It was intensely quiet at the judges’ table as we began our task. To make an informed decision, some of us were even forced to go back and get second helpings. The ingredients were similar (beans, meat, tomato sauce, spices) but the results were diverse. One cook added mushrooms and another prepared a chicken chili with a clear broth.
I had brushed up on some terms to use in case I needed to validate my opinion. My favorite phrase was “It has a nice after-burn.” I used it a lot in my notes but no one seemed to care. In fact, I was the loser all the way around. The pastor made my favorite chili. It had a nice, almost smoky taste but I cast the lone vote in his favor.
The other judges were overwhelmingly in favor of Linda Bailey’s chili. It was made with cubed beef, had a strong chili flavor with a mild after-burn (isn’t that a wonderful word?) and a slight sweetness to balance out the chili. Linda is wisely not sharing her recipe because she plans to compete in the October Chili Cook-Off in downtown Cottage Grove.
The judge’s second choice was Donna Meyer’s chili. It was nicely balanced with a variety of ingredients that melded together into a tasty blend of meat, beans and veggies. A genuine meal in a bowl.
The judge’s third choice was Arlene Macauley’s chili. This chili is a simple blend of hamburger, kidney beans, tomato soup and spices. She’s what I call a “cook by the seat of your pants.” She doesn’t measure and just adds ingredients “until it tastes good.”
The People’s Choice awards reversed the judge’s first and third choices; they eliminated Donna Meyer’s chili and added Jim Horton’s. So, the People’s first place winner was Arlene Macauley; second place was Jim Horton and third place was Linda Bailey.
Jim, another free spirit cook, said that he doesn’t have a recipe. He just threw his ingredients together and the result won him a second place ribbon. And just for the record, my notes say that his chili had “a nice after-burn.”
1-pound ground beef
1 medium onion, chopped
2 cloves garlic, minced
1 green bell pepper, chopped
2 cans (15-ounce, each) kidney beans, drained
1 can (15-ounces) black beans, drained
1 beef bouillon cube
1 package chili seasoning (Durkee)
1 cup water
2 cans (14.5 ounces each) stewed Mexican tomatoes
Brown meat in large skillet on medium heat; drain. Add onions, garlic and bell pepper. Cook and stir 5 minutes or until tender.
Add beans, tomatoes, water, chili seasoning and bouillon cube. Mix well. Reduce heat to low; cover and simmer 2 hours, stirring occasionally.
2 pounds of hamburger
4 cans of red kidney beans
1 can of tomato soup
Monterey Jack Cheese
Brown hamburger and drain. Add the remainder of ingredients and simmer. Taste periodically and add more of whatever seems to be needed.

domain: food


text:
Photo: Oxmoor House
Fine dining at home doesn’t have to be reserved for Valentine’s Day or an anniversary dinner alone. Take the opportunity to use our favorite romantic recipes as a way to show your sweetheart how much you care any day of the year.
First up is Chocolate Pots de Crème. Pots de crème are decadent, creamy custards served in tiny cups—and they’re a perfect ending to a cozy dinner. Make this dessert the night before, and chill until you’re ready to serve.


Sunday, 25 September 2016
The Saints were on top throughout against a struggling Hammers side, with Charlie Austin, Dusan Tadic and James Ward-Prowse on target to give them a second win of the season
Follow all the action live as the Hammers take on the Saints at the London Stadium on Sunday afternoon!
Saturday, 24 September 2016
Claude Puel's men are in fine form and our tipster is anticipating plenty of goalmouth action when the Saints face Slaven Bilic's side at London Stadium on Sunday afternoon
Thursday, 22 September 2016
Al Hain-Cole has gone through all of the best statistics for each Premier League game taking place this weekend...
Wednesday, 21 September 2016
Bayern host Hertha, Juventus take on Cagliari, Tottenham meet Gillingham and Man City visit Swansea on another night of action in La Liga, the Bundesliga, Serie A and the EFL Cup
Tuesday, 20 September 2016
Both sides are in decent form in the Premier League but our tipster thinks that there is value in backing Alan Pardew's side to avoid defeat at St Mary's in the EFL Cup
Sunday, 18 September 2016
The Frenchman believes his side should have beaten Swansea City more comfortably but did applaud their attitude after moving out of the bottom three in the Premier League
The former QPR man was on target again following his Europa League double as the Saints ground out a hard-fought victory over the Welsh side on Sunday
Both teams have struggled in the Premier League so far this season, with the Saints currently sitting in the bottom three. Will they be able to turn things around this afternoon?
Friday, 16 September 2016
Zenit staged a dramatic comeback, Inter were shocked, Sassulo had a debut to remember and Feyenoord took a big scalp on a memorable opening night in UEFA's sister club competition
The Frenchman was delighted with the way his young side asserted themselves in Europe and now wants them to reproduce that performance against Swansea City
Thursday, 15 September 2016
Charlie Austin scored twice as Claude Puel's men launched their first-ever campaign in the group stages of UEFA competition with a 3-0 win over the Czech outfit at St. Mary's
The striker scored twice in the first half as Claude Puel's men opened up their Europa League campaign with a win over their Czech opponents at St. Mary's on Thursday
Will the Saints earn their first victory under manager Claude Puel in the Europa League group stage on Thursday? Find out by following the LIVE action with Goal!
The Welsh club have confirmed that an ankle operation on the winger, who won the Premier League title last season with Leicester City, will keep the player for some time
Ronald Koeman's men are heavy favourites to kick off their Europa League campaign with a win, but our tipster is backing goals galore at St Mary's Stadium
Wednesday, 14 September 2016
While Spanish sides have dominated this competition recently it is an English team which lead the market, and a French outfit who our tipster thinks could be dark horses
Saturday, 10 September 2016
The Gunners needed a late spot-kick from Santi Cazorla to defeat Southampton on Saturday afternoon, and the Frenchman was sure that the referee made the correct decision
The summer arrival was delighted to have secured a win on his Gunners debut, praising his team-mates for their resolve defeating the Saints on Saturday
Arsene Wenger's men came from behind to beat the Saints thanks to a Laurent Koscielny overhead kick followed by Cazorla's injury time penalty


text:
Published in Quarterly Journal – Adoption and Fostering – Vol 28 No 4 Winter 2004.
‘He climbed into people’s eyes and became
an exasperating expression’
God of Small Things – Arundhati Roy
Foster carers can find themselves placed in a situation of extreme difficulty and trauma when looking after abused, deprived and neglected children and their ability to manage can be tested to an intolerable degree. In this paper I will be examining the sometimes extraordinary states of distress that can result from this experience. In particular I will describe a state of being, which I have called ‘Living a Provisional Existence’, in which foster carers feel ‘locked in’ and forced to parent in a way that feels very contrary to their hopes and ideals. It is a state filled with contradiction and confusion and the foster child is experienced as having ‘got under the skin’ of the foster carer in a very destructive way. I explore how this state of being can be understood and usefully conceptualised in terms of emotions evoked in the foster carers through the child’s projection of intolerable feelings. The foster carer may then become filled with the very feelings that the child can not deal with and the foster carers’ emotional reaction can be understood in terms of the child successfully imparting his/her feelings into those that are charged with his/her care.
Many foster children from traumatic backgrounds progress in a relatively smooth, developmentally positive and loving way through their school and care experience and I do not want to suggest that the issues I will be describing in this article are somehow inevitable characteristics of the foster care experience. However, in my work as a child psychotherapist, foster carers and the children in their care are usually referred to me when the story is quite different and matters have become extremely dire. The placements are often felt to be on the edge of breakdown and the children experienced as beyond parental control. The language of attachment theory (See for example Golding K 2003, Steele,M et al 2003) and a knowledge of the impact of traumatic experiences upon a child’s development is extremely helpful as a way of understanding the children’s behaviour, however, some foster carers present in a particular and sad state in which they and their foster children have become locked into a seemingly hopeless and destructive relationship. A defining quality within this particular state is that there seems no way out of it, though continuing within it is experienced as a living hell for all concerned. As one foster mother said, “It is as though a switch has been turned and then broken off. I then just feel caught up in an endless spiralling round of just being on her (the foster child’s) case all the time. I see it’s no good for her – or me- but there is nothing I can do. The on/off switch is broken.” Another foster carer spoke of her experience in the following terms, “It is as though one minute you are outside a goldfish bowl looking in and the next you are in there – with the sharks – going round and round fighting for your life and there is no way out.” This pernicious state of being may lead to foster breakdowns or indeed breaks downs in the mental and physical health of carers and children.
The descriptive term I have used to try to capture the essence of this experience in a short hand way is that of ‘Living a Provisional Existence’. This is a term loosely borrowed from Frankl’s (1959) moving book, Man’s Search for Meaning. In this book Frankl was writing about the experience of living in a Nazi Concentration Camp and an individual’s extreme experience of trauma and the loss of a familiar framework in which to function. Frankl articulated how it is ‘a peculiarity of man that he can only live for the future’ (p70) and he speculated how ‘if an individual was not able to see an end to his provisional existence, if he was not able to aim at an ultimate goal in life, he ceased living for the future in contrast to man in normal life. Therefore the whole structure of his inner life changed and signs of decay set in’ (P70).
I am not suggesting that the movement from loving families and safe communities into a concentration camp and moving from situations of neglect and abuse and into foster care are the same, however, it is the foster carers experience of the loss of a comfortable sense of themselves and the description of the loss of hope and the sense of inner decay that is so resonant and absolutely pertinent to their situation. All the children discussed in this paper were in planned long term placements, however, the term provisional also resonates in a profound, if different way, the sometimes temporary and conditional nature of the foster care experience itself.
The Experience of becoming a Looked After Child
It is important to, firstly, remind ourselves of the reality of many foster children’s lives and their often very shocking personal histories. The combination of the trauma and neglect in the birth family along side the complex loss and grieving processes involved in separation from that birth family can make for a very damaging cocktail of experiences. A ten year old child in therapy, for example, drew a picture of himself before and after the event – before going into care he depicted himself as being whole, after, as blown to pieces. I do not believe the authorities had any option but to place the child in care, given the appalling nature of what was happening in the parental home, and yet for the child the experience was unbelievable explosive and the picture brought to mind just how fragmented the child now seemed – an anxious, angry child and seemingly blown apart by his experiences. This was the child the foster carers were expected to manage. They felt totally overwhelmed by the experience and in the light of his very aggressive and problematic presentation they, quite understandably, could not see a way forward within the placement.
The Impact of Trauma
To the child the experience of going into care may be yet another extreme shock on top of an already abusive and neglectful history, underlining, in the child’s mind, the lack of a parent able to protect the child from the awful reality of his/her experience. In such traumatic situations to talk simply of this as being a child’s experience of events does not do justice to the reality of the situation. It is rather as though the child’s psychological defences have been perforated or penetrated in a very destructive way.
In addition, the brain development of children who have been exposed to neglect and /or abuse in formative early years may be effected in a way that does seem to influence the uncaring, overactive and violent behaviour that these children are so prone to in later years. (Perry 1997) The more complex parts of the brain dealing with language and thought may be relatively underdeveloped in comparison to the less complex parts of the brain that regulate heart rate, temperature etc. Some authors (Schore 1994, Joseph 1992) argue that the infant must experience nurturance and affection in order for the limbic nuclei, relevant for the regulation of emotion, to develop normally. Neglected and abused children often show physiological hyper-arousal with associated increase in heart rate, muscle tone and sleep disturbances. They often seem ‘wound up’ and are much more prone to displays of violence, impulsivity and various forms of delinquency. These outbreaks of behaviour can be brought on by the slightest event, or, indeed a child may seem constantly to be in such an aroused state. It is as though the normal mechanisms for monitoring the reality of a situation are by passed and the child is geared-up for an immediate flight/fight response. This is a sub-cortical response and is not amenable to conscious thought. It is by definition impulsive.
What this means is that these children may find it incredibly difficult to bear any form of emotional distress or anxiety and such an internal experience will be quickly changed to that of seeing the world as the enemy. Others will then experience the child as someone with an attitude problem of one sort or another. They may, for instance, often be experienced as control freaks or bullies. The transformation from ‘anxiety’ to ‘attitude’ will happen in a flash or the child may be seen to be permanently in such a state. A number of foster carers have movingly described to me watching such a child awaken and how the child immediately perceives any intervention, interest or even presence of another person as persecutory. The foster carer can then feel in battle with the child from the first moment of awakening to the last moment of the day and be caught up in a dread filled vicious circle of interaction.
Neglected and abused children are therefore likely to be more difficult to parent and manage in school and are liable to arouse feelings of inadequacy and uselessness as the ordinary ways of managing their behaviour are likely to be re-buffed. As a result the foster carers of such children may feel insecure and inadequate simply because of the nature of the task that they have set themselves.
However, whilst bearing in mind the impact upon the physiological development of the child, it must also be recognised that a child who has lived through the experience of abuse and neglect may have internalised parental figures who in a fundamental way have not kept the child’s best interests in mind and protected the child from the experience of a state of having been psychologically perforated or penetrated by these traumatic experiences. The sometimes extreme and dire states of mind experienced by the foster carers can then also be thought about in terms of a process of projection whereby the foster children manage to communicate something of the intolerable nature of their experience to the foster carers and how unbearable it is for anyone to be acquainted with and feel that experience. Unless the foster carers themselves manage to understand and process this a further cycle of deprivation (Henry 1974) may take place as the foster carers’ style of parenting can become increasingly limited and in definable ways begin to emulate the child’s initial neglectful experience. The foster carers’ may feel that the child has been able to psychologically penetrate/perforate their psychological defences and at this point will feel that they have been invaded by a poisoning chalice rather than be able to think that it is as if they have been so invaded.
A Case Example
Jo a 14 year old boy, in care and with a history of abuse and neglect drew a picture in one of his therapy sessions of how he saw himself. He drew his face surrounded by descriptions of himself as friendless, short tempered, mean, thick, dangerous stupid, and ‘everyone hates me because of the way I act’. His foster mother had described to me how she was feeling, at the end of her tether, really struggling to be anything but punishing towards Jo and, of importance, her description of her view of her life at present seemed to resonate with Jo’s description of himself. I asked Jo if I could show her the picture when I next met with her. He agreed to this and at the meeting she took one look at it and, as I had half expected, said ‘but that is just how I am feeling – I’m loosing all my friends, I’m so isolated, I feel so stupid and useless, I’m always angry. I lock up all the biscuits. I’ve become so mean etc’ There followed a great tirade of often repetitive negative thoughts before we were gradually able to begin to think about what might be happening. Yes, Jo was difficult to look after, he did present enormous challenges to her but she could also see how he was unconsciously managing to communicate to her something of his own inner turmoil. The foster maother seemed so relieved by this revelation and exclaimed…’so I’m not just going mad!’ She was then able to recognise this altered state of consciousness within herself and described how she had become ‘like an alien’ and ‘unlike her old self’. Her inner voice of sympathy then returned and rather than simply feeling persecuted by Jo she was able to say how awful Jo must be feeling….’If I’m feeling bad I hate to imagine what it is like for him after all he has been through.’ The foster placement remained difficult and the foster mother would continue – as she described it – ‘ to loose it’ but she became more able to gather herself together through reminding herself of Jo’s drawing and the powerful nature of what he evoked within her. This is an ideal example of the process I am trying to describe in terms of Living a Provisional Existence.
Foster Carer’s Observations
It is easier to take a child out of a family than the ‘family out of the child.’
The foster carers own experience can then become as ‘provisional’ as that of the foster child, leaving the foster parent feeling trapped in emotional turmoil, torn between the hell of living with the child and the guilt of contemplating separating from the child. At my initial meetings with his foster carers, Jo had been described in the following harrowing terms – “He exhibits violent, self injurious and sexualised behaviour. He is explosive, he holds onto things then explodes and ‘loses it’. He doesn’t let you close to him. I do not really know what’s going on underneath. He is inconsistent, moody, detached. He gets under your skin. There is a facade of competence. He won’t let you help him. He insists he knows how to do things but he doesn’t. He hears voices that tell him to do things. He’s mad. They (i.e. professional workers) are useless, nobody can help. I’ll kill him one of these days.”
These were foster carers who were well-practiced biological parents and foster parents who could have told of happy and successful experiences in raising children, however, with Jo they were absolutely at the end of their wit’s end. What was so noticeably missing in the relationship between this child and his carers was any positive mention of a containing flow of interactions between them and the modification of intolerable feelings (Bion 1963). Instead, what seemed to be evoked in the foster carers was a pathogenic process of parenting, a concrete experience of a lack of flow of emotional interactions and an overwhelming feeling of poisoning rather than a positively modifying process. At this point Jo would have been living with foster carers who were not experienced as catering for his psychological development. What had come into being was a reoccurring experience of mutual deprivation in which the foster carers felt violated. They felt that they were in contact with a bizarre and frightening state of mind and struggled, and failed, to integrate this experience into their ordinary family life. In fact the experience was colouring their relationship with their other children and in a bleak way they began to question their competence to parent at all.
Types of ‘not knowing’
Jo had certainly become a highly persecutory figure, deeply affecting them, getting right ‘under their skin’ and yet they also felt that they did not really know him. This common complaint, however, belies another view of this experience as I would suggest that far from ‘not knowing’ Jo, the foster parents were in fact describing a bleak quality inherent in nature of ‘knowing’ these children whilst in this state of being. It is a certain kind of ‘knowing’ of an unbearable emotional experience of rejection and a consequent retraction from emotional engagement. If the foster carer is able to keep this in mind, and this is easier said than done, then the child’s behaviour can be thought about in symbolic terms; it is as if I do not know him, and not a reality. This will lessen the persecutory nature of the experience and so lessen the foster carer’s internal sense of being locked into living in this state of being.
Children with traumatic histories find it extremely difficult to ‘know themselves’, let alone let others know them. To be full aware of all that they have been through may be more than can be expected. Life history work may be advocated, and may be useful, however, it can also be extremely difficult because a history of trauma, neglect and abuse may lead to extreme feelings of shame and an abhorrence of ‘knowing’.
This quality of ‘not knowing’ the children can then be seen as the child’s communication of something of extreme importance to the foster carers as well as an evacuation of intolerable feelings into them. If the foster carers are able to tolerate it, and not experience it as simply a motivated attack, the positive side of this is that of a child being able to project a necessary but awful state of anxiety onto the carer and the carer’s task is, if possible, to carry this on behalf of the child. In this re-framing of the experience the child can be seen to still be fighting for life and to be desperately grasping out to form a meaningful and intimate relationship. This raises hope for the future of the child and a movement away from living this Provisional Existence. The emotional toll on the foster carers must not, however, be underestimated. The child may present the foster carers with an emotional experience that is more than can reasonably be managed.
This form of ‘not knowing’ must be differentiated from a ‘not knowing’ that arises from a different source. Foster carers may describe how it was ‘never meant to be like this’, ‘Nobody warned us what it would be like’, ‘ We didn’t know it would be like this.’ Such complaints would seem to suggest an obvious implication for practice, i.e. better preparation and support from others in the same situation. This argument undoubtedly holds water, however, matters are often rather more complicated than these complaints might suggest. As with the drama of having a first biological child, the initial experience of fostering a new child can be so very personal and so graphic that each individual carer may feel that they have discovered something new and original and be convinced that no one has ever felt that way before. In addition the intensity of the feeling can be so great that despite whatever the foster carer has been told – and sometimes for conscious and unconscious reasons they may not have been told the ‘whole story’ – the shocking reality of the experience can leave the carer taken completely by surprise and left blaming, usually the social worker, for not having been more explicit about the foster child and his/her behaviour.
The full extent of the child’s presentation may be downplayed by professionals because of fears of labeling the child or ‘putting the family off before they have met the child’ but at other times the behaviour is explained in graphic detail but the foster carer’s frame of mind means that they do not quite believe it. An omnipotent state of mind, and I feel this needs to be understood and not be seen simply as a criticism of foster carers, may arise in the carer through an understandable desire to rescue the child. The foster carer may feel that the child will be manageable – ‘he is only a child’ – and the foster carer may then not fully heed any warning signs.
The dynamics of the process of ‘knowing’ a child prior to the child living in the family are complex. We are all vulnerable human beings and liable to fail to hear what we are told. There is a great deal we do not register until it is relevant to our situation in a real and alive way. On the other side of the coin the desire to rescue the child and a defense against acknowledging the pain of the child’s situation may also mean that the foster carers are only given a partial picture of the child. This may lead to a conscious and /or unconscious ‘conspiracy’ occurring between the foster carers and the professionals that know the child and lead to a distortion in shared communication and understanding. However, this must be differentiated from the feeling of ‘not knowing’ described above that in fact arises from ‘knowing’ unbearable and intolerable psychic distress.
It must also, of course, be recognised that the experience of fostering itself really does involve an enormous struggle in terms of ‘bearing the unknown’ in both foster children and foster families. It is, after all, usually a complete stranger that is being welcomed into a household and for the child it is a strange household that is being entered. How do you fill the gap of the frightful ignorance implied in such a situation? What about the basic fabric of family life that is so difficult to explain? There are a multitude of things that define a family’s and an individual child’s way of being that can not be fully verbalised but rather need to be absorbed through experience. Leaving aside issues of loss, neglect, abuse and trauma, this appropriate state of ignorance and worry can of itself lead to an extreme state of anxiety and the question of ‘bearing ignorance’ can then take on a particularly persecutory note for both the foster child and the foster family.
In addition it is sadly noticeable how such children really struggle in terms of a more generalised ability to acquire knowledge and to do well in their education. The process of learning can create an enormous psychological disturbance that can present as an insurmountable block to progress and can again lead to an experience of further deprivation within the child’s educational career. To be a student one has to be able to bear ‘not knowing’ and for these children this can prove to be an overwhelmingly disturbing experience.
A Case Example
An eleven year old foster boy, who I shall call Robert, was in therapy for a number of years and had a checkered history in foster care eventually wrote a poem in which he described how pink wall paper, half eaten toast and fresh air through the open door reminded him of his mother’s death and made him feel dead inside. He was a child with a very problematic, neglectful background and in addition his mother had suddenly died in front of him in the kitchen. Robert’s broad history was ‘known’ but the fine detail and the symbolic significance of particular things were not known. His behaviour was very aggressive and unmanageable. Various foster families had found him very difficult to tolerate and it proved difficult to remain sympathetic to his history and to deep mourning processes. The writing of the poem however marked something of a watershed in his development and again I would suggest a movement away from the pernicious effect of living a Provisional Existence. The poem clearly brought to everyone’s mind the degree of his suffering and how images normally associated with warm, positive feelings were for him forever tarnished through his experiences. The poem indicated a profound shift in his development; from destructive acting out processes to more creative symbolic processes and alongside this those charged with his care were more able to relate to Robert in a robust but understanding way. As with the previous case example, Jo, the progress was by no means linear but the sense of the development of some hope and a generally more positive spiral of interaction between Robert and his foster carers became increasingly evident.
Is he sick?
Both Robert’s and Jo’s foster carers were also deeply troubled by fears that this person living in their household had a discrete but undiagnosed psychiatric disorder. This is not an uncommon fear and the prevalence of a psychiatric disorder in children in the care system is conspicuously higher than that of the general population (McCann1996). However, in both these cases and in others I have worked, with the question of ‘madness’, and the desire for a ‘medical solution’ rested immediately alongside a statement that they knew this wasn’t the answer. The picture that was then presented was that of a traumatised state of mind; the foster carers ‘caught’ in a state of emotional turmoil, ‘to-ing and fro-ing’ between unsatisfactory solutions to what seemed to be ‘sanity preserving’ questions.
At such times of crisis it is, of course, very understandable that foster carers should think in the direction of a diagnosis as this would give them something to ‘hold onto’ and a way to define their experience. In this sense it would alleviate them from living this ‘Provisional Existence’ as they would be able to feel emotionally ‘separate’ from the destructive projections of the child in their care. The child would then have a condition, and in this way become more comprehensible. No longer would the child’s behaviour have such an extreme impact upon their own sense of confidence in their ability to parent. They would not ‘have to’ feel that they were doing something ‘wrong’ which, if corrected, would lead to the children behaving themselves. The often extreme sense of self-blame would then be lifted.
Jo and Robert had had a formal psychiatric assessment and the view of a classical psychiatric illness – such as schizophrenia – was not shared by the psychiatrist. In both cases the child’s presentation was seen to arise as a result of the impact of early childhood trauma and a distinct attachment disorder. And yet despite discussion of the physiological and psychological implications of such a diagnosis the possibility of there being some further organic disturbance persisted in the foster carer’s mind because of the frightening states that the children seemed to enter at times. The question of co-morbidity and the importance of correct diagnosis must be kept in mind but the persistence in such questioning also highlights the ‘disturbed and disturbing’ impact of these children and the feeling that there is something completely indigestible about the emotional affect they may have upon their foster carers.
‘But he might be a psychopath!’
In addition Jo’s foster carers went onto describe how ‘he shows no remorse’. This led to a statement that he was ‘just not normal’, ‘You can’t punish him in a normal way. He doesn’t care.’ The foster carers seemed to feel quite dehumanised by the experience of caring for Jo and the word psychopath entered the conversations in terms of their fears for his future. They felt that they could provide some form of physical care but were forced to parent in a way that they felt did not pay attention to the child’s psychological development. They, in common with many other foster carers I have worked with feared for the worse if they ‘could not get through to him’. I, in turn, feared for the worse if I was not able to contain and manage the fears of the foster carers.
Out of their depth
An analogy I often use to try to understand this presentation is to ask the foster carers to picture a non-swimmer in a pool gradually increasing in depth. There comes a certain point when a minute increase in depth suddenly sends the individual into a completely different arena. Gone is the state of well-being characterised by having your feet on the ground. Its place is taken by a state of life threatening terror and of importance a state in which, as with the drowning man, the hand that is there to help may be perceived as persecuting. Foster carers may feel out of their depth through the enormity of the task they have set themselves but in addition the foster child may also be projecting such a state into them and thus evoke these very feelings in the foster carers. This will create a ‘double –sense’ of inner turmoil within the foster carers. If foster carers feel out of their depth this dynamic may also serve to heighten any ambivalence that they might already feel towards their professional network and provoke a negative spiral of interaction with both the child and the support network.
In addition some foster children may be recreating in the present relationship something of the unpredictable nature of their early experiences and be drawn, like an addict, towards living along this edge of well being.
This analogy can then usefully throw some light upon the often variable and contrary presentation of these children. The child will be experienced in a very different way depending upon whether or not the child feels in or out of his/her depth. A tiny event may move the child into a very different state of being. In a similar fashion if a foster parent is locked into this state of being the relationship between themselves and their support network may also be bedeviled by these same qualities. This is an observation and not a criticism and if understood can aid in the development of a more contained and positive relationship.
At my initial meetings with foster carers I feel that it is very important to acknowledge these issues and truly to recognize the enormous extent of the task of foster families. There is a phenomenal emotional price that they, as individuals, as parents and as families, often have to pay in order to accommodate these children. The initial interviews with foster carers are of extreme importance for without the development of a sound working relationship this terrifying state of being is likely to persist or come to some calamitous conclusion. Working with these children is extremely demanding and time consuming and it is also important to recognise that a child’s behaviour can continue to be persistently difficult and the future for the child may remain very grim.
In terms of the processes intrinsic to such meetings, I find it important to acknowledge the fears and misgivings that are inherent in the situation – will I also see them, the foster carers, as bad, and if not bad, then mad? The intense emotionality and stress of these situations means that value laden concepts of good and bad, mad and sane, deserving and undeserving, success and failure cast enormous shadows over the proceedings. It is also a time when families and professionals can become immersed in powerful projections which can create strong splits in the system and it is useful to view the system as a ‘trauma organised’ one (Bentovim 1992), i.e. a system which might not operate in an ‘ordinary way’.
One example of this is that though, on the one hand foster carers often describe a sense of relief at having the opportunity to discuss the foster child and think about treatment options on the other hand, the very fact that they had arrived at my doorstep also has the potential of being a ‘barrier to treatment’ (Scott and Ainsworth 1967; Scott 1973 a and b, Street 1994) as it fuels the fires of paranoid anxieties of ‘fear of failure’ and leads to a variant of the expression, ‘if we were good enough foster carers we would not need this service’. These same dynamics can all to often come into operation in the relationship between the foster carers and their support network particularly the social worker. It is also important to remember how this dynamic may mirror an internal feeling in the child, namely, if ‘I had been good enough this would not have happened to me’. The child may easily blame him or her self rather than than blame those upon whom he/she is dependant.
The working relationships within the professional network are a delicate matter. Different roles need defining and working relationships forged. However, it can be useful for foster carers to have a ‘listening ear’ available for them alongside the different and statutory ‘ear’ of the child’s social worker in order to think about these dynamics. ( See also Hart A and Thomas H, 2000) Needless to say, the potential splits in the system must be acknowledged and worked through and it is essential that every effort be made to liaise and maintain a close working relationship with all the professionals working with a child.
Some Implications for practice
Street, (1994) wrote of the importance of discussing with parents the possibility of separation when the situation feels impossible to them. He described how he felt it was better to deal with this as a reality and discussed how this might then take some stress out of the situation as the parents feel heard and understood. He suggested that separation is, in fact, then less likely to happen. I feel that this is also very important with foster carers and it is important to begin to bring into play some sense of the possibility of concurrent planning so that there are several plans ‘on the table’ at once. This creates both a safety net and a real sense that such complex situations demand complex solutions. A time line may then be decided in which the framework for decision making is re- framed into that of foster carers actively needing to decide that after a particular date the placement will continue. The placement will end unless the foster carers say otherwise. The choice then is to actively decide to continue rather than to end.
In other more extreme circumstances I have worked with networks where we have found it useful to define a placement in terms of fixed duration – e.g. for 6 months – with a view to trying to break a particular cycle of seemingly endless unplanned breakdowns. This leads to a separation between the placement ending and the child’s behaviour and the child can carry with them the experience of a positive placement rather than an endless list of breakdowns. This can lead to the later development of more secure attachments. If this is done within an umbrella organisation the child can then also experience the allied benefits of other major parts of his/her life experiences continuing in a secure fashion.
When faced with these circumstances I do view my task as trying to contain the foster parents anxieties, to begin the process of trying to reflect on the difficulties together and to try to offer some management pointers that may be of help to them. I try to enable the foster parents to, usefully and not too defensively, emotionally separate themselves from the experience – to manage rather than be managed by the child’s presenting pathology.
In order to do this I find it helpful to encourage the foster carers to see the behaviour in terms of infant development and regressed states of being rather than seeing the child as being either ‘mad’ or ‘bad’. Returning to a physiological model it is important to remember that at birth the infant is remarkably ill-equipped to cope with the variations and excitations of its new environment. The infant is a delicate creature, which is in danger of going into shock through overreacting to powerful or unexpected stimuli because it lacks the means for modulation of behaviour that is made possible by the later development of emotional control. This emphasises the essential role of the carer who modulates the child’s overwhelming emotions and acts as the child’s ‘auxiliary brain’. (Diamond, Balvin and Diamond 1963). Likewise foster carers may need to play the role of the auxiliary brain but this is a much more challenging, if sometimes impossible task, with older traumatised children. In addition, a reminder of the familiar state of tantrums and the terrible two’s but within a now older child can begin to encapsulate the experience and allow it to become more tolerable.
This then leads to different styles of management more in keeping with parenting a younger child that can sometimes be incredibly helpful. It can, for instance, be useful to follow a style of interaction, such as, – ‘Let’s go and hang our coats up’ rather then ‘Go and hang your coat up’. The latter is important for an older, and securely attached, child but it is a quite different style of parenting that implies separation and independence. In my direct work with foster carers I also naturally use similar language, for instance, saying ‘Lets think about this together.’ This indicates an important commitment to a shared task in which together we are trying to find a bespoke solution to the presenting issues.
When working with and looking after such children it is also extremely important to respect the traumatised mind and to have a ‘knock on the door’ policy in terms of technique. I will, for instance, ask a child for permission to talk about things that I feel may carry a traumatic impact, or, I might say, ‘I have been thinking about something that might be difficult to talk about, would now be a good time to discuss it?’, or even, ‘If you would like to know what I have been thinking please ask me when you feel it is a good time for you’. Sometimes children also respond well to a time limit, ‘Can we talk about this for five minutes?’ However, some more traumatised children may only manage one or two minutes or even only a few seconds! These techniques can aid discussion of problematic issues and avoid re- traumatising the child. (Again it is also important to maintain a similar respectful stance when meeting with foster carers who in turn may be feeling quite traumatised by their experience of caring for these children.)
Further, it is important to encourage the foster carers to think about important but very easily overlooked details within an interaction. If the foster carer is, for instance, wanting to speak to the child it is important to attract the child’s attention first, call his/her name, rather than expect the child to be paying attention in an ordinary way. And, keep instructions simple and one at a time! The foster child may find it difficult to retain a longer list and to expect them to do otherwise is only courting disaster. I also encourage the foster carers to play memory games in order to increase the child’s cognitive ability.
It is also useful to return to the adage of loving the child but not what they do; to try to separate the child from their behaviour and to encourage a style of parenting that deals quickly and robustly with disciplinary issues and then encourages some form of positive re- grouping. The disciplinary experience needs to have clear boundaries as the child is so vulnerable to both re-creating a depriving and aggressive relationship and to struggling with acute anxieties regarding abandonment. The solution to previous dissonance within family life has after all been that of separation.
On this note, it is sometimes useful to suggest to a child that he name his behaviour. If, for instance the child is called Fred, talk about an Angry Adam part of him that all parties are trying to best manage. It is this part that then needs to be controlled and if necessary be excluded from the house and not Fred himself. The child and the foster carers can then join in managing Angry Adam and thus aim to avoid increasing the child’s anxieties through fueling the fears of abandonment.
Such simple instructions, alongside the all important role of emotional containment of the foster carers anxieties, can enable foster carers to begin to think that they can get on top of things and through having some pointers in terms of managing the behaviour the process of trying to then contain the anxieties of caring for these children can begin. The child’s behavior can then become comprehensible, to a certain degree, without the child being labeled in a derogatory way. However, I must underline that there are no simple solutions to the extreme management problems that foster carers are faced with and this must be acknowledged in order to aid this process of containment.
The purpose of this paper has been to look at an aspect of the complex relationship between foster carers and foster children. It is an exploratory paper and I hope that it has sparked off ideas within the reader. In the paper I have described the sometimes extraordinary states of distress that can result from experience of fostering and I have suggested a particular state of being that I have called ‘Living a Provisional Existence’. When in this state foster carers feel ‘locked in’ and forced to parent in a way that feels very contrary to their hopes and ideals. I have suggested that this extreme emotional experience can throw some light on the tortured inner worlds of the children in their care and if the foster carer is able to understand the powerful nature of the child’s projected feelings this can be very helpful in their own emotional management of their feelings and experience.
It is also important to understand that if the foster carers, like the children in their care, become immersed in their version of a Provisional Existence they may then seem unresponsive, if not actively and perversely destructive, to external support. This may lead to an unhelpful rift developing between the themselves and their support structures.
The foster carers task is a complex and problematic one. The carer needs to be close enough to the child in order to feel emotionally involved and yet distant enough not to be overwhelmed by the child’s presentation. This is a difficult and sometimes an impossible balance to maintain. However, if carers have a space in someone’s mind to think about and contain the very destructive forces that may abound within the fostering experience this can be very helpful and a space to think can begin to be established within their own minds. The child and the foster family can then begin to feel some sense of security, containment and positive stability and the pernicious characteristics of living this Provisional Existence may lessen and some sense of hope for the future may begin to grow.
I am grateful to Margot Waddell, Angie Hart and Marcus Page for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper.
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domain: sociology


text:
Taking proper steps in dealing with the heat can save lives
By Kelly Terpstra, firstname.lastname@example.org
The area looks to get a break from the heat this week, with forecast high temperatures in the upper 70s to low to mid-80s through next weekend.
But summer is in full swing, and that likely means plenty of hot days still ahead.
Temperatures crept into the mid-90s, with heat indexes well over 100 last week. Throw in the humidity and that can make even a trip outside to get the mail a chore for some folks.
There was not an uptick in ambulance calls for heat-related symptoms last week, according to Dawn Staudt, station supervisor for AMR ambulance service.
“I’m surprised that we have not had any increase,” Staudt said. “People must be really staying hydrated and trying to keep cool. They’re being smart with the weather.”
She said that when calls do pick up for heat related exposure, it’s usually because the residents live in a warm house or they’re not consciously drinking enough fluids.
“If you don’t have good air in your home and you do have a basement, usually that’s cool enough down there to start cooling off at least,” she said.
Several rain showers last week produced cooler temps at periods throughout the day, but also created other issues for people with asthma or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
“That’s the problem is, once we get rain, then we have humidity,” said Dawn Staudt, who is also a paramedic. “Then you run into respiratory problems. It’s so heavy out.”
Her advice for dealing with heat was straightforward: drink plenty of water, stay out of the sun and take breaks.
“Make sure you’re wearing sunblock and wear the right clothing,” she added.
“If you do have to be out, you need to make sure that you are staying hydrated with water. That’s the best thing you can hydrate yourself with,” said Staudt. “Take frequent breaks if you can and get cooled down if you do have to be outside for long periods of time.”
Lezlie Weber, Floyd County emergency management director, said there are agreements in place between her agency and the city to provide cooling centers. A few of those public places that people can utilize to cool off are the Charles City Public Library and the City Hall council chambers.
“If there’s a bigger need for it, I have other facilities and if they need to be housed throughout the night and stuff like that,” said Weber. “If they need something for more than just a couple minutes. If their AC is broken at their house and they need to be cooled down, that’s when I can open a shelter for them and they can stay until it cools off or their AC gets fixed.”
Weber said the shelters are also available in the winter, when sub-zero temps can be deadly if one is exposed to the outside elements for too long.
“It’s any time – cold, hot,” said Weber. “Some of the shelters are always open.”
Weber reminded anyone who thinks they don’t feel right because of the heat or who is experiencing heat-related symptoms to call dispatch and an ambulance will be on its way to help out.
“If they can call dispatch, then dispatch can get a hold of me and let me know. It’s the quickest and easiest way,” said Weber. “If they are needing a cooling center, chances are they’re probably going to need to get checked out to make sure they’re not reaching heat exhaustion.”
Weber said she makes sure to get the word out and let people know what do when the heat becomes too much for somebody to function normally.
“I posted some things on my Facebook page this morning for like heat stroke – just to know the signs of it and to be aware of what the symptoms are. That way when you do see those in anyone, you can help them or help yourself,” said Weber.


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