“The hare laughed at the tortoise's feet but the tortoise declared, 'I will beat you in a race!' The hare replied, 'Those are just words. Race with me, and you'll see! Who will mark out the track and serve as our umpire?' 'The fox,' replied the tortoise, 'since she is honest and highly intelligent.' When the time for the race had been decided upon, the tortoise did not delay, but immediately took off down the race course. The hare, however, lay down to take a nap, confident in the speed of his feet. Then, when the hare eventually made his way to the finish line, he found that the tortoise had already won.”
The moral of the fable, credited to the ancient story-teller Aesop, is that resolve, determination, and perseverance wins the race over the lazy and indolent. It would seem to have a perverse relevance to the Washington Capitals these days. Recently, Ed Frankovic and pucksandbooks at On Frozen Blog authored essays that spoke of the dilemma facing the Capitals these days, that being whether or not to trade center Mike Ribeiro for futures.
Generally, both seem to agree that holding on to Ribeiro does not serve the mid-to-long term interests of the club, that Ribeiro could be moved for some combination of picks and prospects that would improve the club 2-3 years hence. We agree, primarily because doing so aligns those assets better with what Caps fans hope is the emergence of Filip Forsberg and Evgeni Kunzetsov as the next generation of highly skilled players to complement those who by that time will be comparative grizzled veterans – Alex Ovechkin, Nicklas Backstrom, John Carlson, Karl Alzner, and Brooks Laich.
But the sturm und drang attaching to this matter brings into stark relief a problem with this franchise. To its credit, it applied a cold, calculating eye to what it had in 2003-2004 – an aging, underperforming, overpaid squad that might, if things fell into place, might squeeze perhaps another playoff appearance out of itself. But it was not a team that had much promise going forward. So, the Caps tore it out, root and branch, shipping players hither and yon for draft picks and prospects. We covered this in some detail over the years that followed.
It was all part of a “plan” to return the Capitals to competitiveness, to make them compelling to watch, and make them a more complete hockey team, one that could challenge for a Stanley Cup. One of the elements of the plan, perhaps the most important one, was another “C” word – “commitment.” The Caps committed to a plan that might not (and in fact did not) bear fruit immediately. But adopting the mindset of the tortoise – resolve, determination, and perseverance – the club committed to the long term. The “rebuild” would be slow, steady, and sure (although winning a ping-pong ball drawing for the top overall draft pick in 2004 did not hurt, either).
By 2007-2008, the Caps were competitive, securing a playoff spot with an incredible closing kick. By 2009-2010 they were the best team in the sport…ok, in the regular season. Even the most callous and cynical observer would have to agree, the plan was working. The unbroken upward arc of performance signaled that it was not a matter of “if,” but “when” the Caps would finally hoist the Stanley Cup.
But here we are, three seasons removed from the Presidents Trophy season of 2009-2010, and the “plan” looks stale. The tortoise no longer looks determined as much as he looks slow. The players who had career years in 2009-2010 (those who remain with the club) struggle now to rise above also-ran status. The club that lost only 15 games in regulation over the entire 82-game regular season in 2009-2010 has already lost eight times in regulation in 16 home games this season. The team that might have been called “The Greatest Show on Ice” in 2009-2010 is not even the greatest show in its own city. Sure, the Caps still sell out Verizon Center and have a long sellout streak, but that statistic seems to have less and less meaning every day as the club’s fortunes on the ice dim from week to week.
It is a good thing to be the tortoise – resolved, determined, purposeful. But in running the race, you had better be sure that the hare does not possess those qualities. Since the Caps climbed to within sight of the summit of 2009-2010, they have been passed along the way by the Chicago Blackhawks (Stanley Cup winners in 2010), the Boston Bruins (2011), and the Los Angeles Kings (2012). Their nemesis of the past two decades, the Pittsburgh Penguins – the team with which the Caps were supposed to be competing for Cups for a decade – won a Cup in 2009 and are heavy favorites to win the Cup this season. The Carolina Hurricanes and Winnipeg Jets would seem to have caught the Caps, at least for the time being, in their own division. The Rangers, the Senators, the Devils…the Caps are looking up at all of these teams these days.
The Mike Ribeiro situation is a symptom of something deeper that troubles this franchise. Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, considered a great military strategist in the 19th century, said words to the effect that “no plan survives first contact with the enemy.” To the Capitals’ credit, their plan survived half a decade. But now, their plan (such as it is) seems to depend heavily, perhaps too heavily, on what Filip Forsberg and Evgeni Kuznetsov – neither of whom has yet to play a minute in anger in North America – can bring to the table down the road. And if Ribeiro is not moved for assets that align with that notion, then a lot of eggs are being placed in the baskets of Forsberg and Kuznetsov.
We believed five years ago, and do so now, that the draft is the most reliable way of building a roster, both in terms of aligning with a philosophy of hockey and doing so in the most economical way. That is a philosophy, though, not a plan. If your plan is to be the tortoise – resolved, determined, purposeful – the hare cannot have those same qualities. Because if it does – and Pittsburgh, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, and a handful of other teams certainly appear to have those attributes -- you lose.


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Aspartyl protease 5 matures dense granule proteins that reside at the host-parasite interface in Toxoplasma gondii
- Coffey, MJ; Dagley, LF; Seizova, S; Kapp, EA; Infusini, G; Roos, DS; Boddey, JA; Webb, AI; Tonkin, CJ;
Publication Year 2018-10-30, Volume 9, Issue #5, Page pii: e01796-18
- Journal Title
- Publication Type
- Journal Article
- Toxoplasma gondii infects approximately 30% of the world's population, causing disease primarily during pregnancy and in individuals with weakened immune systems. Toxoplasma secretes and exports effector proteins that modulate the host during infection, and several of these proteins are processed by the Golgi-associated aspartyl protease 5 (ASP5). Here, we identify ASP5 substrates by selectively enriching N-terminally derived peptides from wild-type and Deltaasp5 parasites. We reveal more than 2,000 unique Toxoplasma N-terminal peptides, mapping to both natural N termini and protease cleavage sites. Several of these peptides mapped directly downstream of the characterized ASP5 cleavage site, arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL). We validate candidates as true ASP5 substrates, revealing they are not processed in parasites lacking ASP5 or in wild-type parasites following mutation of the motif from RRL to ARL. All identified ASP5 substrates are dense granule proteins, and interestingly, none appear to be exported, thus differing from the analogous system in related Plasmodium spp. Instead we show that the majority of substrates reside within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), and its membrane (the PVM), including two kinases and one phosphatase. We show that genetic deletion of WNG2 leads to attenuation in a mouse model, suggesting that this putative kinase is a new virulence factor in Toxoplasma Collectively, these data constitute the first in-depth analyses of ASP5 substrates and shed new light on the role of ASP5 as a maturase of dense granule proteins during the Toxoplasma lytic cycle.IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful human parasites. Central to its success is the arsenal of virulence proteins introduced into the infected host cell. Several of these virulence proteins require direct maturation by the aspartyl protease ASP5, and all require ASP5 for translocation into the host cell, yet the true number of ASP5 substrates and complete repertoire of effectors is currently unknown. Here we selectively enrich N-terminally derived peptides using Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) and use quantitative proteomics to reveal novel ASP5 substrates. We identify, using two different enrichment techniques, new ASP5 substrates and their specific cleavage sites. ASP5 substrates include two kinases and one phosphatase that reside at the host-parasite interface, which are important for infection.
- WEHI Research Division(s)
- Infection And Immunity; Systems Biology And Personalised Medicine
- PubMed ID
- Publisher's Version
- Open Access at Publisher's Site
- Rights Notice
- Refer to copyright notice on published article.
Creation Date: 2018-11-20 09:12:49Last Modified: 2018-11-20 11:45:33

domain: literature


text:
It is well documented that the US food supply and the dietary intakes of the US population do not adhere to the federal government’s dietary recommendations for a healthy diet( Reference Wilson, Reedy and Krebs-Smith1, Reference Miller, Reedy and Kirkpatrick2). Compared with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, the average intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy and legumes are 20–80 % below the recommended levels while the amounts of sodium, added sugar, solid fats and refined grains in the diet are excessive(Reference Wilson, Reedy and Krebs-Smith1). Given that the majority of food dollars in the USA are spent on groceries (57·3 %), household food purchases may significantly influence diet quality(3).
The types of foods available in the home are strongly correlated with individual dietary intake and diet quality among adults and youth(Reference Appelhans, French and Tangney4–Reference Neumark-Sztainer, Wall and Perry12). Household grocery purchases may therefore serve as a proxy to study the home food environment and household members’ food consumption and diet quality. As food purchasing behaviours are modifiable by interventions(Reference Liberato, Bailie and Brimblecombe13, Reference Adam and Jensen14), grocery purchases may be an opportune target for public health efforts to enhance home food environments and improve the diet quality of all household members. In particular, some research groups have hypothesized that reducing the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet may be a simple and effective strategy to improve diet quality(Reference Ludwig15–Reference Monteiro, Moubarac and Cannon17).
Industrially processed foods and beverages constituted over 75 % of energy purchased by US households in 2012(Reference Poti, Mendez and Ng18). The role of industrially processed foods in a healthy diet is controversial(Reference Ludwig15–Reference Monteiro, Moubarac and Cannon17, Reference Weaver, Dwyer and Fulgoni19, Reference Dwyer, Fulgoni and Clemens20). Researchers have argued that so-called ‘ultra-processed foods’, defined as industrial formulations made with no or minimal whole foods, are inherently nutritionally unbalanced as these are generally high in total energy, sugar, sodium and/or saturated fat, while low in fibre, essential micronutrients and phytochemicals(Reference Ludwig15–Reference Monteiro, Moubarac and Cannon17). Conversely, others disagree that food processing level is useful predictor of nutritional quality and maintain that ultra-processed and processed foods are nutritionally important in the USA(Reference Weaver, Dwyer and Fulgoni19, Reference Dwyer, Fulgoni and Clemens20).
National and international studies support that diets higher in ultra-processed foods are of poorer nutritional quality, lower in fibre, protein and several essential micronutrients, and higher in saturated fat, carbohydrates and added sugars(Reference Martinez Steele, Popkin and Swinburn21–Reference Cediel, Reyes and da Costa Louzada27). Nevertheless, industrially processed foods provide a significant proportion of several essential micronutrients in the US diet(Reference Eicher-Miller, Fulgoni and Keast28). Foods of all processing levels have also been found to contribute to both ‘nutrients to increase’ and ‘food components to limit/reduce’ according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010(Reference Eicher-Miller, Fulgoni and Keast28).
To date, the contribution of ultra-processed foods to US household grocery purchases and its association with diet quality has not been empirically determined. It is unclear if interventions aimed at improving the healthfulness of food purchases should emphasize processing level or other metrics of diet quality, such as the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). The current study therefore aims to: (i) describe the processing level defined by the NOVA framework and diet quality of US households’ grocery purchases for home consumption, as measured by NOVA and the HEI-2015, respectively; and (ii) examine the associations between food processing level and the diet quality of household grocery purchases.
The present study uses data from the US Department of Agriculture’s National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) collected between April 2012 and January 2013. FoodAPS is a cross-sectional survey designed to collect comprehensive data regarding household food purchases and factors that may impact food purchase decisions from a nationally representative sample of US households(29). A multistage sample design was used to obtain the FoodAPS sample of households(29).
A total of 14 317 individuals from 4826 households participated in FoodAPS(29). The main food shopper or meal planner of each household was selected as the primary respondent for the survey and provided information regarding household demographic characteristics, income, employment status and food security status(29). All household members were asked to document detailed information regarding all food acquisitions over a 7 d period, regardless if foods were consumed or not(29). Each purchasing event was classified into two mutually exclusive groups, as: (i) grocery purchases, i.e. all foods acquired for at-home consumption; and (ii) away-from-home purchases, i.e. all foods acquired and consumed while outside the home(29). In cases where information on the quantities of foods acquired were missing, the Economic Research Service (ERS) imputed estimated quantities based on information about food items, the stores from which they were acquired and household characteristics(Reference Mancino, Todd and Scharadin30). The methodology for imputing missing quantities is described in detail elsewhere(Reference Mancino, Todd and Scharadin30).
All households with data regarding grocery purchases were eligible to be included in the current study (n 4367). Households reporting grocery purchases <6 items (<10th percentile, n 375) or >150 items (>99·5th percentile, n 24) were excluded as purchases were considered unlikely to be representative of usual grocery purchases. Additionally, we excluded six households purchasing only unidentified items and one household identified as an outlier, as total energy purchased was >15 times greater compared with the household purchasing the second greatest amount of energy (11 367 204 v. 743 279 kJ (2 716 827 v. 177 648 kcal)). A total of 3961 households were included in the final analytical sample. A flowchart of the creation of the analytical sample is presented in Fig. 1.
Determination of level of processing of purchased items
All recorded food items were classified based on the extent and purpose of the industrial food processing applied, in accordance with the NOVA food classification(Reference Moubarac, Parra and Cannon31). NOVA distinguishes four mutually exclusive levels of processing: (i) ‘unprocessed or minimally processed foods’ including fresh, dry or frozen plant and animal foods; (ii) ‘processed culinary ingredients’ including table sugar, oils, fats, salt and other constituents used in kitchens to make culinary preparations; (iii) ‘processed foods’ including foods such as canned fish and vegetables, simple breads and artisanal cheeses which are manufactured by adding processed culinary ingredients to unprocessed or minimally processed foods; and (iv) ‘ultra-processed food and drink products’, which are industrial formulations made with no or minimal whole foods and produced with substances extracted from foods or synthesized in laboratories such as dyes, flavourings and preservatives, often using processing techniques with no domestic equivalent(Reference Moubarac, Parra and Cannon31). All items were further classified into thirty-four mutually exclusive subgroups. The online supplementary material, Supplemental Table S1, describes each NOVA processing level and lists the subgroups included in each level.
We classified foods by considering: (i) the US Department of Agriculture main food description and additional food description of food codes; and (ii) the ERS food group. The ERS food group classification captures level of processing and convenience of foods and provides information regarding the exact form in which each item was acquired (e.g. fresh, frozen, canned or further processed into a prepared dish)(32). ERS food group assignation is based on both the item description provided by the participant and the item information in the Information Resources, Inc. database(32). We used the ERS food groups to identify processing level of food items that could be bought in multiple forms and processed to various degrees. The ERS food groups were primarily used to distinguish between 100 % fruit and vegetable juices and juices with added sugar; to differentiate fresh/frozen from canned vegetables, fruits, legumes, meat and fish; and to discriminate between store-prepared ready-to-eat meals and industrially manufactured frozen, canned and packaged meals. In cases of conflicting information regarding processing level, we gave priority to the ERS food group over food code information, as food codes that accurately reflect all properties of the food item were not available for all reported items. Two authors independently reviewed the classification of each item. Utilizing data regarding all household grocery purchases, we calculated the relative contribution of each NOVA category to the total energy acquired by each household (percentage of energy; %E).
Healthy Eating Index-2015
Diet quality of grocery purchases was evaluated using the HEI-2015. The HEI was developed in 1995 by the US Department of Agriculture and is updated every five years to reflect current national dietary recommendations(Reference Guenther, Reedy and Krebs-Smith33, Reference Kennedy, Ohls, Carlson and Fleming34). The HEI-2015 is comprised of nine adequacy and four moderation component scores, the latter being reverse coded(35). The component scores are summed to determine the total HEI-2015 score, which has a maximum score of 100. Higher values indicate better diet quality.
Publicly available SAS code from the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences of the National Cancer Institute was used to calculate the HEI-2015 total score and its component scores for the grocery purchases of each household(36). Participating households were categorized into three groups of HEI-2015 total score: <40, 40–59 and ≥60. The cut-offs were established based on the sample distribution in order to ensure a sufficient number of households in each score group. The grading system for the HEI-2015 recommended in the literature categorizes scores from A (>90) to F (<60)(Reference Krebs-Smith, Pannucci and Subar37). As only 26·8 % of households in the analytical sample had a HEI-2015 total score >60, this grading system would not allow us to differentiate between varying diet quality in the majority of the sample. We therefore chose to use the data-driven approach outlined above.
Potential covariates were selected based on the literature to be tested in univariate models. Covariates of interest included age of the primary respondent, race of primary respondent (categorized as White, Black, Hispanic and Other race), highest education level in household (categorized as less than high school, high-school degree or some college, bachelor’s degree and above), any smoker in the household (yes or no), participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP; yes or no), benefits from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC; yes or no) and family income-to-poverty ratio (continuous)(Reference Hiza, Casavale and Guenther38, Reference Andreyeva, Tripp and Schwartz39). The number of people in the household (continuous), number of children under 18 years in the household (continuous), census region (categorized as Northeast, Midwest, South, West) and household location (categorized as rural or urban) were also considered potentially relevant covariates.
Descriptive statistics (means and frequencies) for household characteristics and food purchases were calculated for the full sample and according to HEI-2015 score group. Differences between household characteristics and food acquisitions according to HEI-2015 score group were determined by Pearson’s χ 2 test for categorical variables, and by unadjusted linear regression, treating HEI-2015 score group as an ordinal variable, for continuous variables.
Mean total and component HEI-2015 scores and associated standard errors were computed for tertiles of ultra-processed food purchases (%E) by unadjusted linear regression, treating tertile of ultra-processed food purchases as an ordinal variable. Unadjusted and multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between household purchases of ultra-processed foods and processed foods (%E; continuous), respectively, and HEI-2015 total score (continuous). Potential confounders were included separately in the unadjusted model and were retained in the final model if they changed the coefficients of the main exposures by >10 %, as previously published(Reference Makarem, Bandera and Lin40) or if theoretically important based on the previous literature. The final multivariable model was adjusted for race of the primary respondent, number of people in the household, family income-to-poverty ratio, highest education level in household, SNAP participation and any smoker in the household. The exposure variables (ultra-processed foods and processed foods) were included in the same model in order to determine the effect of each exposure independent of the other. Unadjusted linear regression was used to determine mean differences in the most commonly purchased foods (%E) within each NOVA processing level: (i) between households in the top tertile of ultra-processed food purchases (≥67·9 %E) with HEI-2015 total score <40 and ≥60, respectively; and (ii) between households in the bottom tertile of ultra-processed food purchases (<48·4 %E) with HEI-2015 total score <40 and ≥60, respectively.
All analyses were performed using the statistical software package Stata/SE version 14.0 and used the FoodAPS sample weights to account for oversampling of certain populations, non-response and population coverage. The Taylor series linearization variance approximation procedure was used to account for the complex sample design of FoodAPS in the variance estimation. Statistical significance was set to α < 0·05.
Household characteristics of the analytical sample, overall and according to HEI-2015 total score groups, are presented in Table 1. Primary respondents were primarily non-Hispanic White (70·3 %) and had attended some college or obtained an associate’s degree (53·4 %). Mean HEI-2015 score was 54·7 (se 0·4). Households with HEI-2015 total score ≥60 were less likely to participate in SNAP (6·3 v. 21·0 %, P < 0·001) and WIC (19·4 v. 33·3 % of WIC-eligible households, P = 0·038), less likely to be located in a rural census tract (28·3 v. 40·8 %, P = 0·004), and the primary respondent was more likely to have a bachelor’s or higher degree (55·3 v. 23·0 %, P < 0·001), compared with households with HEI-2015 score <40.
HH, household; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman, Infants, and Children.
All values are means with their se unless otherwise noted. P values were estimated by unadjusted linear regression, treating HEI-2015 group as an ordinal variable, for continuous variables, and by Pearson’s χ 2 for categorical variables. Missing values: SNAP participation (n 1), anyone in HH receives benefits from WIC (n 3100), race of primary respondent (n 4).
* Of WIC-eligible households (n 861).
Household grocery purchases according to Healthy Eating Index-2015 score group
As shown in Table 2, ultra-processed foods provided 55·8 %E of grocery purchases, while minimally processed foods provided 28·4 %E. The energy share of ultra-processed foods was greater among households with a HEI-2015 total score <40 compared with ≥60 (67·3 v. 47·4 %E, P < 0·001).
%E, percentage of energy.
* Higher scores of the HEI-2015 total and component scores indicate higher diet quality.
Healthy Eating Index-2015 total and component scores according to ultra-processed food purchases
HEI-2015 total and component scores according household grocery purchases of ultra-processed foods (%E; tertiles) are presented in Table 3. On average, households purchasing the least ultra-processed foods had 10·7 points higher HEI-2015 total scores than those purchasing the most ultra-processed foods (HEI-2015 total score of 59·6 v. 48·9, P < 0·001). Households purchasing the highest proportion of ultra-processed foods were furthest from meeting the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 for all food groups and nutrients except whole grains, dairy, fatty acid ratio and saturated fats. HEI-2015 component scores for dairy, fatty acid ratio and saturated fat did not differ according to tertile of ultra-processed food purchases.
P values were calculated by unadjusted linear regression using tertile of ultra-processed food purchases as the independent variable (ordinal) and HEI-2015 score as the dependent variable.
Association between food processing level and Healthy Eating Index-2015 total score
A 10 % increase of purchased energy from ultra-processed foods was associated with a 1·8-point reduction in HEI-2015 total score, controlling for purchases of processed foods (%E), race of the primary respondent, number of people in the household, family income-to-poverty ratio, highest education level in household, SNAP participation and any smoker in the household (β = −1·8, 95 % CI −2·0, −1·5, data not shown). Purchases of processed foods were not associated with HEI-2015 total score in unadjusted (β = −0·3, 95 % CI −0·3, 1·0) and multivariable linear regression analyses (β = −0·1, 95 % CI −0·4, 0·7).
Commonly purchased foods within each NOVA processing level
Households with HEI-2015 total score ≥60 (n 1064) included households both in the lowest (<48·4 %E; n 515) and the highest tertile (≥67·9 %E; n 163) of ultra-processed food purchases, yet the average HEI-2015 total score was significantly higher among those in the lowest tertile of ultra-processed food purchases (71·3 v. 67·0, P < 0·001, data not shown). The energy contribution of the foods most commonly purchased by households in the top tertile of ultra-processed food purchases (≥67·9 %E) with HEI-2015 total score <40 and ≥60, respectively, and households in the bottom tertile of ultra-processed food purchases (<48·4 %E) with HEI-2015 total score <40 and ≥60, respectively, is presented in Fig. 2.
Households in the top tertile of ultra-processed food purchases with a HEI-2015 total score ≥60 purchased significantly more minimally processed fruits and vegetables, milk, plain yoghurt and ultra-processed breakfast cereals than households with equally high ultra-processed food purchases yet HEI-2015 total score <40 (n 385, P < 0·05). Households with high ultra-processed food purchases and a HEI-2015 total score ≥60 also acquired less animal fats; cheese; ultra-processed cakes, cookies and pies; prepared meals; as well as less ice cream (not shown) and carbonated soft drinks (not shown; P < 0·02). Conversely, households in the bottom tertile of ultra-processed food purchases with a HEI-2015 total score <40 (n 135) acquired significantly less minimally processed fruits and vegetables, ultra-processed breakfast cereals and salty snacks but more animal fats, sugar, ultra-processed desserts (not shown) and carbonated soft drinks (not shown) than households with equally low ultra-processed food purchases and HEI-2015 total score ≥60 (P < 0·05).
The relative energy contribution of all foods purchased by households in the top tertile of ultra-processed food purchases (≥67·9 %E) with HEI-2015 total score <40 and ≥60, respectively, and households in the bottom tertile of ultra-processed food purchases (<48·4 %E) with HEI-2015 total score <40 and ≥60, respectively, is presented in the online supplementary material, Supplemental Table S2.
In 2012–2013, ultra-processed foods provided the majority of energy in the average US grocery cart (55·8 %E). Higher purchases of ultra-processed foods were associated with lower overall diet quality, defined by the HEI-2015. At similar levels of ultra-processed food purchases, households purchasing more minimally processed fruits, vegetables, roots and legumes had higher diet quality than households purchasing less of these foods.
To our knowledge, previous studies have not assessed the association between NOVA processing levels and diet quality of household purchases, defined by the HEI-2015. Poti et al. compared the content of saturated fat, sugar and sodium of consumer packaged goods across processing levels using data from the 2000–2012 Nielsen Homescan Panel(Reference Poti, Mendez and Ng18). It was observed that 94·7 % of ‘highly processed foods’ (defined as multi-ingredient formulated mixtures processed to the extent that they are no longer recognizable as their original plant or animal source) exceeded the recommendation for saturated fat (>10 %E) of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, while 94·5 % exceeded the recommendation for sugar (>15 %E) and 96·3 % exceeded the recommendation for sodium (>2400 mg/8368 kJ (2000 kcal)). A significantly higher proportion of highly processed foods (60 %) and ready-to-eat foods (27·1 %) exceeded the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 limits for saturated fat, sugar and sodium, simultaneously, compared with less processed foods (5·6 %) and foods requiring cooking/preparation (4·9 %)(Reference Poti, Mendez and Ng18). These findings are in line with our results for the HEI-2015 added sugar and sodium component scores. It is noteworthy, however, that saturated fat component scores did not differ according to processing level of food purchases in the current study. This may be because we assessed the average saturated fat content of all foods purchased by households, i.e. the whole grocery basket, rather than individual products. In our sample, households in the top tertile of ultra-processed foods purchased the least animal fats, such as butter, lard and cream, which are high in saturated fats.
Our results are consistent with previous international and national studies reporting that diets higher in ultra-processed foods tend to be less nutritious(Reference Martinez Steele, Popkin and Swinburn21–Reference Cediel, Reyes and da Costa Louzada27). Among participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010, a linear inverse association was found between consumption of ultra-processed foods (%E) and a principal component analysis-derived nutrient-balanced diet pattern high in fibre, potassium, magnesium and vitamin C, and low in saturated fat and added sugars(Reference Martinez Steele, Popkin and Swinburn21). The average dietary content of protein, fibre, vitamins A, C, D and E, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium decreased significantly with greater intake of ultra-processed foods (%E), while carbohydrate, added sugar and saturated fat contents increased(Reference Martinez Steele, Popkin and Swinburn21). Studies assessing diet quality in relation to dietary intake of ultra-processed foods in Canada, Brazil, Chile and France report similar findings(Reference Moubarac, Batal and Louzada22–Reference Cediel, Reyes and da Costa Louzada27). Of note, all of the studies examining saturated fat found that intake of saturated fat increased with greater intake of ultra-processed foods(Reference Moubarac, Batal and Louzada22, Reference Adams and White23, Reference Julia, Martinez and Alles25, Reference Batal, Johnson-Down and Moubarac26). The discrepancy between these results and the findings of the current study may be because we considered grocery purchases only and did not account for ultra-processed foods consumed away from home that may be high in saturated fat, such as fast foods.
It is noteworthy that households purchasing the most ultra-processed foods achieved the highest component scores for whole grains, which is a source of dietary fibre. Previous studies have observed an inverse association between ultra-processed food consumption and fibre intake(Reference Martinez Steele, Popkin and Swinburn21–Reference Adams and White23, Reference Julia, Martinez and Alles25, Reference Batal, Johnson-Down and Moubarac26). The greater dietary content of whole grains with higher purchases of ultra-processed foods in our sample may reflect greater acquisition of ultra-processed wholegrain products such as breakfast cereals, granola bars and popcorn. These products are often also high in sugar and/or sodium(Reference Poti, Mendez and Ng18) for which the net effect on overall diet quality is uncertain. Conversely, the higher intake of fibre associated with diets lower in ultra-processed foods in previous studies may reflect greater intakes of other sources of dietary fibre, such as minimally processed legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds.
Taken together, our findings, along with previous research using purchasing and consumption data, suggest that the energy share of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods in the diet may influence diet quality. Specifically, increasing the proportion of minimally processed plant foods and reducing the share of ultra-processed foods in the diet seems to be associated with better diet quality. Our results also highlight the importance of healthful food choices within each processing level. In particular, increasing minimally processed fruits, vegetables and legumes and reducing animal fats (processed culinary ingredients) as well as sugary ultra-processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, ice cream and carbonated soft drinks, in the diet may improve diet quality, regardless of the total energy contribution of ultra-processed foods.
Some limitations should be noted. FoodAPS does not have data regarding household consumption and waste of the purchased foods, and hence we cannot not make inferences about individual dietary intake. However, our estimates of food purchases according to processing level are similar to previously published estimates in NHANES 2009–2010 of the mean dietary share from each processing level(Reference Martinez Steele, Popkin and Swinburn21). For example, minimally processed foods provided 30·2 %E and ultra-processed foods provided 57·5 %E in NHANES 2009–2010 (v. 28·4 and 55·8 %E, respectively, in FoodAPS). Furthermore, a considerable proportion of purchased items lacked information on quantity, for which the ERS added imputed estimated quantities(Reference Mancino, Todd and Scharadin30). Nevertheless, the imputed values have been validated by the ERS(Reference Mancino, Todd and Scharadin30). Furthermore, we did not assess energy adequacy. The HEI-2015 uses a density approach and defines diet quality based on food groups and nutrients per 4184 kJ (1000 kcal). It is therefore unknown if participating households acquired an insufficient or excessive amount of energy in relation to their energy needs. Misclassification of foods may have occurred for items for which insufficient details were available to determine processing level with certainty. Nevertheless, the use of the ERS food groups enabled greater precision in the determination of processing level, minimizing the risk of misclassification. Finally, we only assessed household purchases for home consumption and do not know if households differed with regard to the amount and nutritional quality of foods consumed away from home.
Our study also has several strengths. We used comprehensive food purchasing data collected from a nationally representative sample of US households. As a result, the external validity of our findings is likely to be high. Processing level was determined by NOVA, a comprehensive, coherent and specific classification framework that has been recommended by the FAO(41). FoodAPS collects data regarding the exact form in which foods were purchased, thus reducing the risk of misclassification of processing level(32). Finally, the use of purchasing data constitutes another advantage of the current study, as it mitigates the reporting bias associated with assessment of food consumption. Yet, it is worth noting that our results are consistent with previously published NOVA contributions estimated using dietary intake data(Reference Martinez Steele, Popkin and Swinburn21).
In summary, our results indicate that processing level defined by the NOVA framework is useful to predict diet quality, defined according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020. However, healthful food choices within each processing level are also of relevance for diet quality, e.g. choosing vegetable oils over animal fats and unsweetened over sugary breakfast cereals. Recommendations to consume more healthful unprocessed/minimally foods and less ultra-processed foods may enhance the current food-based Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Future studies should assess if dietary guidelines that combine information on processing level and type of foods facilitate healthier food choices and improve diet quality.
Financial support: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. B.S.S. was a research fellow of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES; grant number 88881.131991/2016-01), as a visiting scholar at New York University School of Medicine, USA. CAPES had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship: F.J. and B.S.S. are joint first authors. N.P., F.J., B.S.S., M.V. and A.D. developed the overall research plan; F.J., E.M.-S. and J.L. provided essential materials; B.S.S. performed the statistical analysis; F.J. and B.S.S. wrote the paper; N.P., M.V., A.D., E.M.-S. and J.L. revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and take full responsibility for the final content. Ethics of human subject participation: This study involved secondary data analysis and no personally identifiable information about individuals was available to the researchers. Ethical approval was therefore not required.
To view supplementary material for this article, please visit https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019001344


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The Institute for Research Design in Librarianship (IRDL) takes place on Loyola Marymount University's Los Angeles Campus.in the second week of June every year. The 2020 institute occurred virtually if it happened at all.
You can apply for the 2021 Institute for Research Design in Librarianship (IRDL) when the applications become available.
The Institute for Research Design in Librarianship (IRDL) looks for applications from librarians employed by academic or research libraries in the United States. IRDL seeks novice researchers with a passion for research and a desire to improve their research skills. IRDL is designed to bring together all that the literature tells us about the necessary conditions for librarians to conduct valid and reliable research in an institutional setting.
Applications are accepted in December and January, and probably become available during the fall. Applicants receive notification in early March.

domain: library


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Is being self-centered a personality disorder?
Narcissistic personality disorder involves a pattern of self-centered, arrogant thinking and behavior, a lack of empathy and consideration for other people, and an excessive need for admiration.
Do narcissists regret discarding?
Originally Answered: Do narcissists ever regret a discard? Of course they do. Not that they’ll ever admit it in public but their actions are enough to speak for themselves.
What are the characteristics of a selfish person?
7 Traits of Selfish People
- They do not show weakness or vulnerability.
- They don’t accept constructive criticism.
- They believe they deserve everything.
- They do not listen to those who do not agree with them.
- They criticize others behind their backs.
- They exaggerate their achievements.
- They are scared of taking risks.
What does it mean when your self-centered?
1 : independent of outside force or influence : self-sufficient. 2 : concerned solely with one’s own desires, needs, or interests. Other Words from self-centered Synonyms & Antonyms Learn More about self-centered.
What type of person attracts a narcissist?
There are four types of people who narcissists tend to be attracted to, according to Arluck: People who are impressive in some way, either in their career, hobbies and talents, their friendship circles, or family. Someone who will make the narcissist feel good about themselves, through compliments or gestures….
Can a self-centered person love?
Self-centered people can make you feel special, protected, loved and even cherished – until you are not! Most people think that self-centered people have such glaring defects they must be easy to spot in the first date or meeting….
What do you call someone who’s full of themselves?
Conceited, self-centered, as in Ever since she won the prize Mary’s been so full of herself that no one wants to talk to her.
What triggers a narcissist?
Narcissists are often triggered by aggressive actions and tones. To avoid or discourage their rage, don’t threaten or challenge them with an assertive voice….
Do narcissists miss their exes?
The fact that a narcissist doesn’t “miss” us like a normal person would miss someone they split up with is because he doesn’t miss anybody. No one wants to believe that the person that they’ve spent a good amount of time with doesn’t miss them when they’re apart.
Why do narcissists stay friends with their exes?
Narcissists Have a Very Specific Reason They Like to Stay in Touch With Their Exes. “The central motivator for narcissists is validation,” she explains. “And an ex is often a really interesting place to get it… They constantly need that fresh narcissistic supply, and they kind of know what an ex’s supply is like.”…
How do you know if a girl is self-centered?
7 Signs Your Partner Is Too Selfish For A Relationship
- They care more about your career than your character.
- You feel controlled by their many rules.
- Your partner prioritizes “me” over “we.”
- They sabotage your success.
- They never ask, “How was your day?”
- They talk over you.
- You have to beg your partner to do things you want to do.
What causes a person to be self-centered?
The pain is that we are not worthy or safely connected to others. I suspect self-centeredness originates from a combination of genes, childhood trauma and training. During our early years, our primary caregiver (usually our mother) teaches us how to feel about ourselves based on how they feel about us.

domain: psychology


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This is a pack of two HO Scale Bachmann Adjustable Parallel Track Tool. Space your track the easy way with this handy tool that is designed to keep the same distance between the centers of adjacent and parallel track. You can adjust the distance between the middle of track from 50 mm to 95 mm or from 2 inch to 3.7 inch. Use with both straight and curved track. Rulers on the tools provide measurement in millimeters and inches.
Shipping Weight: 1.2lbs
Scale: HO 1:87
This product was added to our catalog on July 8, 2016


Reviewed By Angelo P (Carnegie, PA) Reviewed for a 2015 Hyundai Tucson —4/9/2016 3:49 AM
Quick and easy to put together. Sturdy, Lots of room to haul lots of gear
Reviewed By Kimberly D (Atlantic Beach, FL) —5/26/2016 12:59 AM
I ordered this basket to attach to my Thule aerobar roof rack to carry camping equipment. The mounting is very stable. We were able to carry five tents, three sleeping bags, one camp chair, two low chairs, a medium dry bag, and two tarps, all with room to spare. The Thule cargo net kept everything securely in place. I highly recommend this basket, especially for car (sedan) owners who occasionally need additional cargo space.
Reviewed By patrick s (CENTENNIAL, CO) Reviewed for a 2016 Toyota 4Runner —5/18/2016 3:09 AM
Came with excellent directions and was easy to put together. All screws are put together using a security hex wrench (an allen wrench that has a female dimple in it with a screw head that is hex with a male part that fits to the hex wrench) which is good for security but slightly slows the process of combining the front and back of the basket together, affixing the wind deflector then affixing the whole basket to the roof rack. But, overall, a simple process.


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The budget (released Jan 2008) calls for a 30% increase in defense spending (but interestingly, no spending at all on Afghanistan or Iraq after 2010, and only partial funding until then) along with huge cuts in virtually every social service sector (education, clean water, transportation, even renewable energy sources!), with healthcare, specifically programs like Medicaid and Medicare, bearing the brunt of the burden.
Brilliant. Just when the country is in an economic slump – when people actually NEED social services – cut them. Because Medicaid has traditionally been funded by federal funds matched against States funds, these cuts shift much of the cost of healthcare to the State governments, which are even more short on cash. The Center for Budget Policy and Priorities gives the breakdown on how all federal funding of state programs was cut.
The proposed tax cuts would cut Medicaid spending by 17% over the course of 5 years, and would stop increasing funds to Medicare, even as the baby boomers have expanded the number of people qualifying for the program. The cuts reduce payments for school clinics, nursing homes, and teaching hospitals, virtually removing the minimal health safety net we have in place. Much of the Medicaid cuts would be to teaching hospitals, where the vast majority of people eligible for Medicaid receive care. The Greater New York Hospital Association calls it “the worst attack on hospitals, nursing homes, and home health services that New York’s health care community has ever seen from a United States president”.
Since 1965, Medicaid payments have been used to subsidize resident and intern training at teaching hospitals, which has always been justified as these are the clinicians providing much of the care for Medicaid recipients. Quoted by the NYT, Dennis G. Smith (the director of the federal Center for Medicaid and State Operations) says, “We believe that paying for graduate medical education is outside the scope of Medicaid’s role, which is to provide medical care to low-income people,”. It worries me that Mr. Smith (and our current Administration) cannot make the connection between providing medical care to low income people and paying the people who provide this care!
See also: Senatory ****

domain: finance


Winter is making a dramatic comeback less than 24 hours after we got a taste of spring in January.
Temperatures that soared into the upper 50s Friday mixed with rain and caused snow to melt, causing localized flooding and fog across the state.
On Saturday, the temperature will drop below freezing once again, and may cause the leftover rain to become freezing rain, and the wetness to flash freeze.
The entire state remains on a flood watch until 1 p.m. Saturday afternoon, the National Weather Service said, and between 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. portions of northern Connecticut will be under a winter weather advisory.
“Rain will change to a brief period of freezing rain between 9 a.m. and noon,” the weather service said. “Temperatures will rapidly fall from the 50s and into the 20s by Saturday afternoon, resulting in a flash freeze.”
The weather service also warned of travel difficulties with slippery roads. It was a message echoed by the state Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection.
“If you are heading out tomorrow morning, please be cautious of black ice as temperatures will be dropping rapidly,” the department said on Twitter.
On Friday morning, public works departments reported no flooding but expressed concern over the potentially dangerous road conditions on Saturday.
In Middletown, Public Works Director William Russo said employees had spent the past few days removing snow from catch basins and clearing low-lying areas in anticipation of flooding. Another concern, Russo said, was the potential that runoff will pond on the roads and freeze as temperatures drop overnight.
“If that happens, we will be out there treating those areas,” Russo said.
Saturday’s high temperature is likely to be 39 degrees, 20 degrees cooler than the high in Hartford on Friday. The low will only be around 10. The temperature will drop to the 20s by 1 p.m. Saturday but the wind chill could make that feel like temperatures in the teens, the weather service said.
Sunday will be mostly sunny, with a high around 26 and a low of 9.
Monday, Martin Luther King Day, will be cloudy with a high temperature in the mid-20s. The low will be about 20.
On Tuesday, there is a 40 percent chance of snow, the weather service said.


Residents of the Upper Valley were graced with the sound of military jet engines Tuesday. The jet engines being those of F-15 Eagle fighter jets as they conducted training exercises between Manchester and Lebanon between 10:30 in the morning to 1:00 PM.
The jets belong to the 104th Fighter Wing at Barnes Air National Guard Base in Westfield, Massachusetts and were conducting training for intercept procedures. As part of the training, the pilots took part in low-altitude interception and tailing light civilian aircraft, which were flown by the Civil Air Patrol.
Although the roar of the jet engines may have been a bit loud to residents in the Upper Valley and surrounding areas, the purpose of the exercise was to prepare the Massachusetts Air National Guard for any sort of airborne threat in Northeastern skies.
Some brief background, the F-15 is a twin-engine tactical fighter designed by McDonnell Douglas in the 1970s. The F-15’s production line is slated to end in 2019.


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Crime City Detective
Crime City Detective is the best online hidden object game in the new games genre. Immerse yourself in this free police drama and step into the shoes of detective Elizabeth Dark. Maintain law and order in the crime city as you search for hidden objects and uncover crucial clues. Engage in crime scene investigation and use your forensic skills to analyze the evidence through captivating mini-games. Your police career begins with what appears to be a routine burglary, but soon reveals a web of conspiracy. Prepare to be completely absorbed by this whodunit if you enjoy playing free hidden object games online. Experience the thrill of colorful hidden object levels, an engaging detective story, and a plethora of enjoyable puzzles that make it one of the best mystery games available.

domain: hobby


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Versace and “Hustlers” actress Jennifer Lopez stole the show during the Versace Spring 2020 fashion show at Milan Fashion Week.
However, the infamous green dress she wore has been worn by several women before her already. Harper’s Bazaar reported that Donatella Versace herself designed the special dress that turned J. Lo into the most searched item way back year 2000, but she was also the one who wore it first before Lopez.
The younger Versace sibling wore the prototype of the green dress during the Met Gala in December of 1999. The dress was also worn by Spice Girl Geri Halliwell during the first NRJ Music Awards held at Cannes, France.
High Snobiety reported that J. Lo wearing the green Versace dress “didn’t break the internet, it built it.”
J. Lo wearing that dress way back 2000 had people searching the internet for photos of the dress, pushing Google to create the “Image Search” feature, as per the Google CEO during that year, Eric Schmidt.
“At the time, it was the most popular search query we had ever seen. But we had no surefire way of getting users exactly what they wanted: J. Lo wearing that dress. Google Image Search was born,” Schmidt stated.
More than a runway hullabaloo, Jennifer Lopez wearing the updated version of the infamous green dress she wore two decades earlier was also a huge marketing stint. Lopez is apparently in the middle of promoting her new movie “‘Hustlers” and taking part in that memorable moment for the fashion industry was icing on the cake.
“Hustlers” was released on September 7. Lopez starred alongside Julia Stiles, Constance Wu, Lili Reinhart, Cardi B and Lizzo among others.

domain: celebrity


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Welcome to the programme for Bristol Teacherfest 2023 This is the fourth year of Teacherfest, Bristol Education Partnership’s summer celebration of learning and teaching, taking place across the city. Once again, we have an exciting line-up of speakers. Ross Morrison McGill, Professor Paul Howard-Jones, Hannah Wilson and John Tomsett among many others will be sharing [...]
The last two years of Teacherfest took place against the backdrop of the pandemic and all events were held online. This year we had a mixture of live and online events, enabling colleagues to get out and about, visit other schools and meet staff working in other settings.

domain: news


The Forest Meadows manufactured home community in Philomath is in the midst of an expansion to create more options for those on the lookout for housing.
Janet Woodgeard, Forest Meadows community manager, said the project adds 54 new home sites to increase the overall number of lots to 131. The home sites started to sell recently after getting home occupancy clearance from the city.
“We just started selling them in the last couple of months,” Woodgeard said during an open house event last week. “The one model that we have is the one everybody wants and has sold — it’s the biggest three-bedroom we have, and so the next step will be ordering more of those.”
The manufactured home community’s expansion comes at a time when the availability of housing in the area is limited. However, the land that the homes sit on are not owned by the resident and must be leased. Woodgeard said residents pay taxes only on the home that they own, not the property. But she knows owning the land is a big consideration for some folks.
“Some would rather go ahead and buy a home and pay it off,” she said. “But for some folks, like retiring folks … they don’t want the maintenance, they don’t want to deal with it and want something simple. And these homes are not your manufactured homes of yesterday.”
Skyline Homes, a nationwide company with a manufacturing site at McMinnville, builds the homes.
The city originally approved the Forest Meadows development in 1992 and construction was done in three phases. In 2019, the property owner applied to the city to develop further with a fourth phase.
The expansion project got started last year and as Woodgeard put it, has “really kicked up a notch and we’re moving along and putting the houses in now and getting them placed and starting to sell them. It’s been great.”
Woodgeard, who grew up in northern British Columbia, took the position with Forest Meadows this past February.
“The back phase is going to be low-maintenance, no lawns, it’ll be nice,” she said, which plays into the development’s decision to emphasize green spaces. “Just spray your weeds and go.”
Woodgeard said the feedback on that approach to the home sites has been positive. She said many residents are retirement age and not necessarily able to do much with yard maintenance.
A point Woodgeard wanted to make, however, is that Forest Meadows is not a retirement community — all ages are welcomed.
“We have a couple that just moved out from Newport because they wanted to be in Philomath — because of the schools,” she said.
During the application process with the city, flooding around Newton Creek was a concern with all units required to be constructed at least 1 foot above the 100-year flood elevation. The city reported no serious flooding issues since the site’s development in 1992.
All original conditions from the approval 30 years ago remained in place but there were also several added on for the new addition, a list that includes specifics on permitting, traffic-related requirements, handrails adjacent to sidewalks that cross over the creek, installing a sight-obscuring fence or berm in a specific area, being cautious with certain construction activities near existing homes and providing a location for a future bus stop.
Community gets new clubhouse
Last week, Forest Meadows celebrated the opening of a clubhouse with residents and others associated with the project.
“We just built this new clubhouse and we wanted to send our appreciation to all the residents who have lived here for so long that have put up with the construction and the big trucks coming and going,” Woodgeard said. “It was time to do something for them.”
The clubhouse is an added amenity for the residents — they’re not charged to use it for special events. Beyond the gathering space, the spot also features a new playground.
“We’ve got a basketball court and the tetherball for the kids and swings and stuff like that,” Woodgeard said. “But we also have green spaces for the dogs and of course with the protected wetlands, that’s a nature preserve so we can’t touch it, we don’t build on it and we just enjoy the beauty of the deer … it’s been nice.”
Plans are in place for other resident-focused additions.
“The next one we’re going to be doing is we’re going to add a dog park,” Woodgeard said. “And then we’re going to put in a gazebo over in this area (motioning to an area near the clubhouse) and put more of an outside kitchen (that’s) a little bit higher end.”
Forest Meadows operates under the umbrella of Sun Communities, which among its interests operates manufactured home residential sites around the country.
Forest Meadows plans to host another open house from 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Sept. 9 in conjunction with a communitywide yard sale. Those types of events fit in with what Woodgeard hopes to establish.
“That’s one thing I like about Sun, they have a whole mindset of we over me, you know, that sense of unity,” she said. “And I like that because that’s how I was brought up with kind of a more small-town feel. That’s what I want to bring here as the community manager — that small-town feel where you don’t just have blinders on. You’re actually communicating with neighbors.”


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1. Old High School from a Distance [taken from Grant Park.
2. Close up of the Old High School.
3. Photo of steps that lead up to the Old High School
One of the most impressive sights is to see the Old High School atop the hillside looking down on the beautiful small town of Galena.
On our Trolley Tour, we learned some interesting facts about this beautiful building.
It was built in 1905 after the previous school burned down. They stopped using this school in 1980.
They sold the school, and it was converted into condominiums called Galena Green Condominiums.
They are so named because they are located on Green and Commerce Streets.
What spectacular views they have of the town!
Another bit of information that the tour guide told us was the steep steps called "the high school steps" that the students had to climb to and from school each day. I'll bet there were not too many "chubby" students during that time period!
One of the most baffling sites in Galena would be the Old Stockage on the Cobblestone Street.
It's a log-built structure that was used as a refuge for the women and children of Galena during the Blackhawk War . Inside are historical displays of Galena's history from 1820's. The original building was constructed in French style using upright timbers and with a stone cellar.
It was purchased in 1998 and restored by using and 1890 photo. Federal and state preservation incentives helped with the total restoration. Today there is an apartment upstairs and tours by appointment are done downstairs.
It's open every Sunday from 1pm to 4pm
1. A very humorous sign at the bottom of the Cobblestone Street announcing the Old Stockage on the Cobblestone Street
2. The Cobblestone Street itself.
I walked up and down this street [no easy feat because of the age and condition of the cobblestones] and never figured out where the structure actually is. appearance.
A disappointment for us on this trip is not being able to climb the Observation Tower off Highway 20 near our Time Share. We had read that the most spectacular views of the landscape and countryside was from atop this tower.
So, on a bright Thursday morning, we drove the three miles down Highway 20 from our Time Share, and eagerly awaited the climb. I took photos from every angle of the outside of the structure. When we arrived up close, there was a sign indicating that it was closed to the public because of repairs. Also, it was blockaded so that it was virtually impossible to climb.
1. The Observation Tower taken from the top up.
2. The countryside scene from nearby taken from ground level.
3. The unfortunate CLOSED sign.
4. The Great River Road Map.
The exposed stones on this old cobblestone street probably date back to the early 1830 (the stockcade on the left dates from 1832.) Walking around town must have been quite a chore in those days and don't count on walking the old road today, it's railed off.
The Long House isn't all that great of an attraction since you can't even enter, but it is conveniently located outside the Ulysses S. Grant House so you might want to take a look .
The Longs were a family, and this is the house they lived in, preserved because it is typical of the homes of its time, circa 1850. The sign outside tells a little bit about the house, like how the work was done downstairs and the family of five slept upstairs.
Because Galena is built on a series of bluffs, the different elevations are only interconnected at certain points. Some of these points are for cars, and some are for pedestrians. Pedestrian trails are basically stairs! Galena has several pedestrian stairways you can climb for reason or pleasure. Once you climb, (and it really isn't that difficult, something like 170 steps on the flight I chose) you get a spectacular view of Galena and its environs. The only regret Ihad, was that it wasn't winter and all the trees and leaves got in the way!
Don't miss the 'Tri-State View' tower a few miles east of town along US-20. On a clear day one can see all the way into Wisconsin and Iowa, but the beautiful, rolling countryside of the immediate Driftless Region takes the prize. Note, it is not handicapped accessible.
Located on US 20, about a mile west of the river and traffic light. This is an artist gallery of sculpture and painting. The owners are the artist. Next door is the studio where they and several other artist work. The stone building is one of the original brewery's from the end of the 19th Century.
Hunting and Fishing,
Miniature Golf Courses,
Parks and Pools,
Skiing, Sledding,Skating and

domain: history


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Man admits to killing teen (18) on way home
A MAN accused of murdering a teenager in Dundalk two years ago will be sentenced in December.
Douglas Ward (36), with an address at Loughantarve, Knockbridge, Co Louth, pleaded guilty to the manslaughter of Niall Dorr (18), but not guilty to murder.
His plea was accepted at the Central Criminal Court.
Mr Dorr died after he was attacked while walking home with friends at Castle Road, Dundalk, on the night of October 14, 2010.
Ward has been remanded in custody until he is sentenced on December 17.
Mr Justice Paul Carney directed that the court be furnished with a victim impact report on the day of the sentencing.

domain: law


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The miner was hit by a mass of stones and injured in the Bulqiza mine
The miner has an accident in Bulqiza, he is sent to the hospital
It was set for murder, who is Aldi Mustafa, the friend of "Rrumi t Shijak"
Gas leak at a gas station in Tirana, three people are arrested
NAME/ He had gone out to collect mushrooms, the Albanian dies in Italy
"Tempulli"/ He was wanted for drugs, the 26-year-old man was arrested in Elbasan
The police of Elbasan have arrested a 26-year-old wanted man as part of the Temple operation.
In the police announcement, it is reported that the young man was arrested in the "28 November" neighborhood.
The 26-year-old was declared wanted after the Court of First Instance of the General Jurisdiction of Tirana assigned him the security measure "Arrest in prison", for the criminal offense "Production and sale of narcotics".
The nationwide police mega-operation codenamed "Temple" follows. A 26-year-old man wanted by the Tirana DVP was caught in Elbasan and put in handcuffs, as part of this mega-operation. The services of the Operational Force of DVP Elbasan, after the exchange of information with the services of DVP Tirana, based on informational intelligence, about the location of a citizen declared wanted within the framework of the nationwide police mega-operation coded "Tempulli", have intensified the controls for the capture and putting him before the legal responsibility.
As a result, in the "28 November" neighborhood, citizen EK, 26 years old, resident of Elbasan, who was declared wanted after the Court of First Instance of General Jurisdiction Tirana has been placed under security measures, was located, captured and detained. Arrest in prison", for the criminal offense "Production and sale of narcotics". The work continues for the localization and capture of other citizens declared wanted within this mega-operation.
Further procedural actions for this citizen will be carried out by the structures of DVP Tirana.


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The Jakeman family has been producing fine maple syrup and maple products since 1876.
Now 5th generation maple producer and packer. We take pride in every drop of maple syrup that leaves our farm. Our products are sold all over the world in more than 10+ countries around the globe.
They can even be found in Walt Disney World Florida. Come try our maple syrup, we’re just off the 401 near Sweaburg ON.

domain: food


text:
kinder morgan, inc de
All rights reserved. Blackrock Corporate High Yield Fund, Inc. ADVANCED SERIES TRUST - AST Western Asset Core Plus Bond Portfolio, PMFIX - PMC Core Fixed Income Fund Advisor Class Shares, ALLIANZ VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS TRUST - AZL Enhanced Bond Index Fund, PCSIX - PACE Strategic Fixed Income Investments Class P, Jnl Series Trust - Jnl/franklin Templeton Growth Allocation Fund (a), PACIFIC SELECT FUND - PD Aggregate Bond Index Portfolio Class P, SUSC - iShares ESG USD Corporate Bond ETF, PACIFIC SELECT FUND - Diversified Bond Portfolio Class I, VANGUARD VARIABLE INSURANCE FUNDS - Total Bond Market Index Portfolio, WACPX - Western Asset Core Plus Bond Fund Class I, PIGIX - PIMCO Investment Grade Credit Bond Fund Institutional, NATIONWIDE VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST - NVIT Core Plus Bond Fund Class I, SWAGX - Schwab U.S. Kinder Morgan is one of the largest midstream energy firm in North America with 70,000 miles of U.S. natural gas pipelines and nearly 10,000 miles of oil and refined products pipelines. Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones, ETF Movers: Includes ETFs & ETNs with volume of at least 50,000. KMR, 2019-10-31 sec.gov Fundamental company data and analyst estimates provided by FactSet. KMR, 2019-09-24 thestar.com We own an interest in or operate approximately 83,000 miles of pipelines and 147 terminals. Mutual Funds & ETFs: All of the mutual fund and ETF information contained in this display, with the exception of the current price and price history, was supplied by Lipper, A Refinitiv Company, subject to the following: Copyright 2019© Refinitiv. Press Release reported on 08/27/20 that Kinder Morgan Announces Commercial In-Service of the Final Unit at the Elba Island Liquefaction Facility Message Board data supplied by SiliconInvestor . Click the link icon to see the full transaction history. Cryptocurrencies: Cryptocurrency quotes are updated in real-time. Free and open company data on Delaware (US) company KINDER MORGAN, INC. (company number 4209673) Now available: over 400m key company lifecycle events, … Kinder Morgan, Inc. is an energy infrastructure company, which engages in the operation of pipelines and terminals that transport natural gas; gasoline; crude oil; carbon dioxide (CO2) and other products and stores petroleum products chemicals; and handles bulk materials like ethanol, coal, petroleum coke and steel. It should only be considered an indication and not a recommendation. The company operates in five segments: Products Pipelines-KMP, Natural Gas Pipelines-KMP, CO2-KMP, Terminals-KMP and Kinder Morgan Canada-KMP. here to help. The latest Kinder Morgan Inc Delaware USD0.01 share price. On December 16, 2019, Pembina closed the business transaction to acquire Kinder Morgan Canada Ltd. the views of the author. To invest in , you'll need to open an account.Try our handy filter to find which one suits you best. View the latest Kinder Morgan Inc. (2KD.DE) stock price, news, historical charts, analyst ratings and financial information from WSJ. Five years' total annual Kinder Morgan Inc Delaware dividends: All dividend data is calculated excluding any special dividends. : 001-11234 Commission File No. Kinder Morgan, Inc. is a leading pipeline transportation and energy storage company in North America. KMI CVB, 2019-08-08 oilprice.com Coronavirus - we're here to help Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones, Bonds: Bond quotes are updated in real-time. To buy shares in , you'll need to have an account. KMI Stocks: Real-time U.S. stock quotes reflect trades reported through Nasdaq only; comprehensive quotes and volume reflect trading in all markets and are delayed at least 15 minutes. Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. Source: FactSet, Indexes: Index quotes may be real-time or delayed as per exchange requirements; refer to time stamps for information on any delays. CVB, 2019-06-26 marketwatch.com The Natural Gas Pipelines segment engages in the ownership and operation of major interstate and intrastate natural gas pipeline and storage systems, natural gas and crude oil gathering systems, and natural gas processing and treating facilities. Our pipelines transport natural gas, gasoline, crude oil, carbon dioxide (CO 2) and more. To order presentation-ready copies of Toronto Star content for distribution to colleagues, clients or customers, or inquire about permissions/licensing, please go to: www.TorontoStarReprints.com : 001-16459 Commission File No. Kinder Morgan, Inc. (KMI) is a transportation and energy storage company in North America. Aggregate Bond ETF, FBNDX - Fidelity Investment Grade Bond Fund, NATIONWIDE VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST - NVIT Core Bond Fund Class I, TIBAX - Thornburg Investment Income Builder Fund - Class A, ADVANCED SERIES TRUST - AST Multi-Sector Fixed Income Portfolio, LQD - iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, GBIAX - Nationwide Bond Index Fund Class A, ULTRA SERIES FUND - Core Bond Fund Class I, FRANKLIN TEMPLETON VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS TRUST - Franklin Allocation VIP Fund CLASS 1, QLMHIX - Western Asset Core Plus VIT Portfolio Class I, FPCIX - Strategic Advisers Core Income Fund, Advanced Series Trust - Ast Prudential Growth Allocation Portfolio, SPAB - SPDR(R) Portfolio Aggregate Bond ETF, CPUAX - AAM/Insight Select Income Fund Class A, MWTIX - Metropolitan West Total Return Bond Fund Class I, BlackRock Funds V - BlackRock Credit Strategies Income Fund Investor A Shares, VTBIX - Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund Investor Shares, NGLAX - Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund Class A, ULTRA SERIES FUND - Diversified Income Fund Class I, EQ ADVISORS TRUST - Multimanager Core Bond Portfolio Class IA, JIGB - JPMorgan Corporate Bond Research Enhanced ETF, Morningstar Funds Trust - Morningstar Total Return Bond Fund, USIG - iShares Broad USD Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, FSIGX - Fidelity Series Investment Grade Bond Fund, VLTCX - Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Admiral Shares, LDRAX - Siit Long Duration Fund - Class A, ALLIANZ VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS TRUST - AZL Fidelity Institutional Asset Management Multi-Strategy Fund Class 2, TCOFX - Tactical Offensive Fixed Income Fund, NCRIX - Neuberger Berman Core Bond Fund Investor Class, Brighthouse Funds Trust I - BlackRock High Yield Portfolio Class A, BlackRock Funds II - BLACKROCK MANAGED INCOME FUND CLASS K SHARES, PACIFIC FUNDS SERIES TRUST - PF Managed Bond Fund CLASS P, Ivy Variable Insurance Portfolios - Ivy VIP Corporate Bond Class II, PBBBX - PIA BBB Bond Fund Managed Account Completion Shares, FLCO - Franklin Liberty Investment Grade Corporate ETF, PRINCIPAL VARIABLE CONTRACTS FUNDS INC - Bond Market Index Account Class 1, FIWGX - Strategic Advisers Fidelity Core Income Fund, UTBAX - UBS Total Return Bond Fund Class A, TBIIX - TIAA-CREF Bond Index Fund Institutional Class, SPLB - SPDR(R) Portfolio Long Term Corporate Bond ETF, LINCOLN VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS TRUST - LVIP Western Asset Core Bond Fund Standard Class, GBLAX - AMERICAN FUNDS GLOBAL BALANCED FUND Class A, UCON - First Trust TCW Unconstrained Plus Bond ETF, VBMFX - Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Investor Shares, WATFX - Western Asset Core Bond Fund Class I, Six Circles Trust - Six Circles Global Bond Fund, LKOR - FlexShares Credit-Scored US Long Corporate Bond Index Fund. Press Release reported on 08/27/20 that Kinder Morgan Announces Commercial In-Service of the Final Unit at the Elba Island Liquefaction Facility : 001-16459 Commission File No. Our pipelines transport natural gas, gasoline, crude oil, carbon dioxide (CO 2) and more. - Filed by Kinder Morgan, Inc. pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act and deemed filed pursuant to Rule 14a-6(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Suite 1000 Announces Unaudited Balance Sheet Information as of September 30, 2020, Barclays Confirms the Quarterly Composition of The CIBC Atlas Select MLP Index, Kayne Anderson NextGen Energy & Infrastructure Provides Unaudited Balance Sheet Information and Announces its Net Asset Value, ClearBridge MLP and Midstream Fund Inc. Data may be intentionally delayed pursuant to supplier requirements. KMI Copyright © FactSet Research Systems Inc. All rights reserved. Aggregate Bond Fund N/A, IGLB - iShares Long-Term Corporate Bond ETF, SSAFX - State Street Aggregate Bond Index Portfolio, NSTLX - Neuberger Berman Strategic Income Fund Institutional Class, VGCAX - Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund Admiral Shares, BlackRock Funds V - BlackRock High Yield Bond Portfolio Service Shares, CORP - PIMCO Investment Grade Corporate Bond Index Exchange-Traded Fund, EAGG - iShares ESG U.S. Need help or want to help improve Fintel? Shares have added about 0.8% in that time frame, underperforming the S&P 500. Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones, Stock Movers: Gainers, decliners and most actives market activity tables are a combination of NYSE, Nasdaq, NYSE American and NYSE Arca listings. The Kinder Morgan Canada segment operates the Trans Mountain pipeline system that transports crude oil and refined petroleum products from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada for marketing terminals and refineries in British Columbia, Canada and the state of Washington. Subject Company: Kinder Morgan Management, LLC Commission File No. News Corp is a network of leading companies in the worlds of diversified media, news, education, and information services. Change value during other periods is calculated as the difference between the last trade and the most recent settle. Aggregate Bond Index Fund, TRANSAMERICA SERIES TRUST - Transamerica Madison Diversified Income VP Service, MSPSX - MassMutual Select Total Return Bond Fund Class R5, ILTB - iShares Core 10+ Year USD Bond ETF, FIDELITY GARRISON STREET TRUST - Fidelity VIP Investment Grade Central Fund, MBOAX - Madison Core Bond Fund Core Bond Fund Class A, AGG - iShares Core U.S. This transaction provides enhanced integration with Pembina’s existing franchise and extends the service offering even further along the hydrocarbon value chain. Values are quoted in the stock's local currency: US dollar. Fundamental company data and analyst estimates provided by FactSet. Sunnova Energy International, Inc., Star Peak Energy Transition Corp., Triangle Peak Partners LP, Kinder Morgan, Inc. Fayez Sarofim & Co., Kinder Morgan, Inc., Sarofim International Management Co., Kinder Morgan Production Co. LLC, Kinder Morgan, Inc., Texas Children's Hospital, Kinder Morgan Production Co. LLC, College of Saint Mary, Omaha Community Foundation, Kinder Morgan, Inc., Kinder Morgan Production Co. LLC. We may not share The Products Pipelines segment owns and operates refined petroleum products, NGL and crude oil and condensate pipelines that primarily deliver, among other products, gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, propane, crude oil, and condensate to various markets. CVB. Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones, ETF Movers: Includes ETFs & ETNs with volume of at least 50,000. Houston, TX 77002 Find the latest historical data for Kinder Morgan, Inc. Common Stock (KMI) at Nasdaq.com. Green rows indicate new positions. This website is provided “as is” without any representations or warranties, express or implied. Analyst Justin Jenkins cut his rating to market perform from outperform while keeping his stock price target at $21. Sources: FactSet, Dow Jones, Stock Movers: Gainers, decliners and most actives market activity tables are a combination of NYSE, Nasdaq, NYSE American and NYSE Arca listings. Shares of Kinder Morgan Inc. KMI, +0.51% rose 0.6% in afternoon trading Wednesday, but lagged the broader energy sector's rally after the oil and gas pipeline and terminals operator was downgraded at Raymond James on concerns over valuation.
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Disclosure: I am a moderator/paid staff of this site, which does have advertising relationships with some credit cards that are discussed and linked to. Regardless, anything I say is my honest opinion. Current Cards: American Express: Blue Cash, Simply Cash Bank of America: WorldPoints Platinum Plus Chase: Amazon, British Airways, Cash Plus Rewards, Freedom, Ink Cash Citi: Thank You Premier, Dividend Platinum Select Discover: More Primary Everyday Card:American Express Blue Cash Primary Travel Card: Chase Sapphire Preferred
Well, a business card means you work for a company that can pay what you charge...in my opinion, not as impressive as personal Amex cards, but if you own the business and have both personal black and business, that's really impressive haha
I wonder if Amex Centurion will even issue you both a personal and business card.... I mean when I received my card, I got 2 black cards in my name (plus a supplementary card for the wife). I asked them why they gave me 2 black cards with two different numbers. They said it's so that should I wish to separate my charges, I can.
So with this, I wonder IF they will give you a business one even if you asked.
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The RAISE Family Caregivers Act: Strategy to Support and Recognize Family Caregivers — AARP
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Tigers by Kim Young Set
✨ Happy National Poetry Month!
✨ We collaborated with Poet, Kim Young (@_kim_young_)!
✨ Tigers, 2020, [PANK]
✨ 50% of each set will be donated to Downtown Women's Center
✨ Pencils are printed with lines from three poems in the collection:
- Art is what you make when you know you can't know. (White pencil with disco print (no two pencils alike!)) Page 18
- When the tigers come, meet tiger with tiger. (Black pencil with orange print) Page 63
- I stay sharp, pointed. I won't resemble prey. (White pencil with gold print) Page 18
✨ Pencils by our friends, @nopointpencils
✨ Tiger (matte, durable) sticker by our pal, @thebeastisback


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Hybris – Transgressor EP (Vinyl)
Following up on his debut album Emergence, released in September of 2014, Prague based Amercian producer, beatmaker and homie Hybris is back on Invisible with this five track EP, pressed on 2 x 12 vinyl.
Comes with a download code of the 320 kbps MP3s on sleeve.
Artwork by Rudolf Matějček.
Only 2 left in stock

domain: entertainment


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||The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
Lawrence Joseph Mira (born August 9, 1942) is an American lawyer and jurist who is currently serving as a judge for the Los Angeles County Superior Court. Known by some as "Judge to the Stars", Mira's name has been mentioned in numerous high-profile and celebrity arrests due to the region his courtroom serves.
Mira attended Loyola Marymount University for both his undergraduate studies and law school, then was admitted to the bar in August 1970 and practiced criminal law both privately and as a deputy district attorney. In 1986, he was appointed by Governor George Deukmejian as a judge for the Malibu Municipal Court. He was challenged by a local attorney in 1988 who was dissatisfied with his administration of the municipal court, but won that election and remained a municipal court judge until the municipal courts in Los Angeles County were merged with the Superior Court in 2000. As part of the unification process, he became a judge for the Superior Court, while continuing to be assigned to Malibu. In the 2012 election, he faced no opposition and consequently was reelected to a new six-year term. M2


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The ketogenic diet reduces seizure frequency by more than 50% in half of the patients who try it and by more than 90% in a third of patients. Three-quarters of children who respond do so within two weeks, though experts recommend a trial of at least three months before assuming it has been ineffective. Children with refractory epilepsy are more likely to benefit from the ketogenic diet than from trying another anticonvulsant drug. There is some evidence that adolescents and adults may also benefit from the diet.
I teach ADA. I saw 49 people in 8 months. All except 1 lost weight and had A1C reduction. 16 reversed their condition. All this on ADA diet. ADA works, you just have to follow it. Keto will work also, I just do not believe that it is healthy in the long term. We need more study results, and evidence that it works before we recommend that everyone should go on a keto diet. I would recommend that any of you who are on keto diet, and who are adamant that it works, and that ADA does not, should look for clinical trials and become subjects. We will need to know scientifically that it works, not just by word of mouth. And we will need to see medical evidence that it helps. If there is science behind it, I am sure that ADA will get behind it. Their are medical programs where you can be followed on a keto diet. Look for those.
Numerous studies show wide-ranging health benefits of the DASH diet. A consistent body of research has found that DASH lowers blood pressure in people with high blood pressure but also normal blood pressure even without lowering sodium intake.  It can produce greater reductions in blood pressure if sodium is restricted to less than 2300 mg a day, and even more so with a 1500 mg sodium restriction. [5, 6] When compared with a standard American diet (e.g., high intake of red and processed meats, beverages sweetened with sugar, sweets, refined grains) DASH has also been found to lower serum uric acid levels in people with hyperuricemia, which places them at risk for a painful inflammatory condition called gout.  Because people with gout often also have high blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases, DASH is optimal in improving all of these conditions.
There is a lack of scientific research when it comes to the long-term effects of the keto diet. When it comes to healthy eating and weight loss, creating sustainable, lifelong changes will result in the best outcomes. Most importantly, think about how this restrictive eating plan will fit into your lifestyle, and if you are willing to give up what may be some of your favorite foods. It’s important to make time for yourself to prepare meals at home and get regular exercise. Strive for progress, not perfection.
The benefits above are the most common ones. But there are others that are potentially even more surprising and – at least for some people – life changing. Did you know that a keto diet can help treat high blood pressure, may result in less acne, may help control migraine, might help with certain mental health issues and could have a few other potential benefits?

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Indybay FeatureRelated Categories: International | Anti-War
American Troops Protecting Afghan Opium
The name of the game is always money, and that is certainly true of the US military everywhere. Currently, in Afghanistan, they are protecting the opium poppy fields to maximize the profits of their allies, the drug pushers. Photos are in the original article, with a video.
Are American Troops Protecting Afghan Opium?
U.S. Troops Patrolling Poppy Fields In Afghanistan (Photos)
By Washington's Blog
Global Research, October 28, 2012
As many have noted, the U.S. government has – at least at some times in some parts of the world – protected drug operations. (Big American banks also launder money for drug cartels. See this, this, this and this. Indeed, drug dealers kept the banking system afloat during the depths of the 2008 financial crisis. But that’s beyond the scope of this post.)
The U.S. military has openly said that it is protecting Afghani poppy fields:
As Wikiepedia notes:
Opium production in Afghanistan has been on the rise since U.S. occupation started in 2001.
Public Intelligence has published a series of photographs showing American – and U.S.-trained Afghan – troops patrolling poppy fields in Afghanistan. Public Intelligence informs us that all of the photos are in the public domain, and not subject to copyright, and they assured me that I have every right to reproduce them. See
We produce these photos and the accompanying descriptions from Public Intelligence without further comment.
U.S. Marine Corps Sgt. Noel Rodriguez, a team leader with Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment, Regimental Combat Team 6, communicates with an adjacent squad while on patrol in Sangin, Helmand province, Afghanistan, May 1, 2012. Marines patrolled to provide security in the area and interact with the local populace.