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The IRS Office of Associate Chief Counsel (International) recently issued CCA 201501013 (the “CCA”), in which they concluded that the activities of an offshore fund manager with a US office (the “Fund Manager”) should be attributed to a private fund (the “Fund”). As a result, the IRS found that the Fund was engaged in a US trade or business. The IRS further concluded that the Fund’s underwriting and lending activities were not eligible for the stock and security trading safe harbors of Code Section 864(b)(2)(A) (“Trading Safe Harbors”), as the IRS found it was engaged in an active lending business. The effect of the IRS’s conclusions was that any foreign investor of the Fund would be subject to US federal income tax, and where the foreign investor was a foreign corporation, possibly also a 30% branch profits tax.
The CCA addresses what appears to be a typical offshore private fund structure. The Fund at issue in year one was organized as a US limited partnership and then, in year two, converted to a foreign partnership. The CCA mentions that one of the limited partners of the Fund was a foreign feeder fund, organized as a foreign corporation (the “Foreign Feeder”). It is this Foreign Feeder that presumably would be subject to tax on the Fund’s effectively connected income. Presumably, the Foreign Feeder would serve as a blocker corporation through which the foreign investors would invest. The Foreign Feeder was the only limited partner of the Fund that was mentioned in the CCA.
The Fund had no employees and conducted all of its activities through the Fund Manager. The Fund Manager conducted the activities primarily through an office in the United States. The Fund Manager did not work exclusively for the Fund, as it also provided similar services to other investment entities. The Fund Manager employed numerous employees in the US, and no employee worked exclusively for the Fund.
The Fund engaged the Fund Manager as an investment manager pursuant to a management agreement and appointed the Fund Manager as its “agent and irrevocable attorney in fact with full power to buy, sell, and otherwise deal in securities and related contracts for Fund’s account… and [t]he full power and authority to do and perform every act necessary and proper to be done as fully as Fund might or could do personally.” Pursuant to this grant of authority, the Fund, through the Fund Manager, engaged in lending transactions and stock distribution (i.e. underwriting) activities.
Baker & McKenzie
25 Tax News and Developments February 2015
With regard to the lending activities, the Fund, through the Fund Manager, negotiated with unrelated borrowers concerning all key terms of the loans, conducted extensive due diligence on potential borrowers, lent them money, and obtained discount conversion prices or warrants with its loans. The loans were mostly convertible debts and promissory notes. Typically, the conversion prices for converting the loans to equity were discounted from the trading price for the stock. This spread was possible as a result of the loan negotiations. The Fund would immediately sell the shares after exercising a conversion right, earning a spread by quickly disposing of the stock. In addition, the Fund received various fees from the borrowers. The CCA did not elaborate on the number of loans made by the Fund in the years at issue. It also did not provide any details as to loan amounts.
With regard to the underwriting activities, the Fund, through the Fund Manager, underwrote the shares of US companies for sale to both US and foreign customers. The Fund Manager negotiated the terms of these agreements directly with the issuers. The issuers had to register with the SEC so that the Fund could sell the shares into the US market and pay the advances requested by the issuers. The Fund would make money on the spread of the shares sold (because the Fund purchased the shares at a discounted price below the stock’s market value). The Fund also earned fees for commitment, structuring, and due diligence.
IRS’s Three Conclusions
Based on the foregoing facts, the IRS reached three conclusions.
1 - The Fund was Engaged in a US Trade or Business
The IRS found that the Fund was engaged in a US trade or business. Because the Fund Manager was the Fund’s legal agent under the management agreement, the IRS found that the US activities of the Fund Manager were attributable to the Fund. Relying on the general case law and authority that the activities of an agent are attributable to the principal, and given the Fund Manager’s “full power and authority to do and perform every act necessary and proper to be done as fully as Fund might or could do personally,” the IRS found that the activities of the Fund Manager should be attributed to the Fund. Second, the IRS, citing to De Amodio v. Commissioner, 34 TC 894 (1960), found that the activities of the Fund were “considerable, continuous and regular” where the Fund made loans to unrelated borrowers, entered into various Distribution Agreements, actively solicited potential borrowers and issuers, negotiated with counterparties, and performed extensive due diligence.
2 - The Fund’s Activities Were Not the “Trading in Stocks or Securities” Within the Meaning of the Trading Safe Harbors
The IRS found that the Fund’s lending and stock underwriting activities were not the “trading in stocks or securities” within the meaning of the “Trading Safe Harbors.” First, the IRS found that because the Fund was actively soliciting unrelated borrowers in the US and made a number of loans, the Fund was engaged in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business. The IRS, without elaborating, concluded that the loans to the unrelated parties were loans to the public, and was likewise silent on the number of loans that created this lending business.
Second, the IRS found that the Fund’s underwriting activities did not fit within the limited underwriting exception of Treasury Regulation Section 1.864-2(c)(2)(iv)(b)(1), which provides that a foreign underwriter will not be treated as
Baker & McKenzie
26 Tax News and Developments February 2015
engaged in a US trade or business where they act as an underwriter for the purpose of making a distribution of stocks or securities of a US issuer only to foreign purchasers. The IRS found that, because the Fund also sold the shares to US purchasers, it did not meet this limited exception.
Third, the IRS took the position that the Fund’s resale of the securities obtained at a discount (whether through its lending activities or its underwriting activities) would not qualify as securities trading because it profited from its activities by earning fees, interests, and a spread, and not pure market appreciation as is typically how traders earn money. Rather, the Fund was acting as a dealer in the securities.
3 - Even if the Fund’s Activities Were “Trading in Stocks or Securities,” Neither of the Two Trading Safe-Harbor Exceptions Would Apply
The IRS concluded that even if the Fund’s lending and stock underwriting activities were “trading in stocks or securities” for the purposes of the Trading Safe Harbors, neither of the two exceptions would apply. Had one of the two Trading Safe Harbors applied, the Fund’s trading could have been exempted as a US trade or business.
The first exception exempts trading as a US trade or business when trading through a US broker, commission agent, custodian, or other independent agent. A grant of discretionary authority to the US broker will cause the foreign taxpayer to fall outside of this exception. The IRS found that the Fund was not eligible for this exception because the Fund had no employees of its own and instead conducted its business entirely through the Fund Manager, which had discretionary authority.
The second exception exempts trading in securities for the taxpayer’s own account as a US trade or business, regardless, whether the trader uses a US broker or its employees and regardless of whether its agent has discretionary authority, provided that the taxpayer is not a dealer. Thus, while this exception does permit the grant of discretionary authority, it is not available for dealers. The Treasury Regulations under section 864 define a dealer as a “merchant of stocks or securities, with an established place of business, regularly engaged as a merchant in purchasing stocks or securities and selling them to customers with a view to the gains and profits that may be derived therefrom.” The IRS concluded that the Fund was a dealer because it was purchasing the shares as a merchant as indicated in the above definition and as underwriters typically do, and selling the shares into the US market. The regulations provide two narrow exceptions to the definition of “dealer”, and the Fund did not fit into either. The first exception would apply if the Fund were not selling to US customers, even if another member in the group were selling to US customers. Because the Fund was selling to US customers, this exception did not apply. The second exception likewise did not apply, as the Fund was not trading for customers that were not themselves dealers, investment partnerships, or foreign corporations.
Thus, based on the above, the IRS concluded that the Fund was engaged in a US trade or business and was engaged in a lending and underwriting business. The Foreign Feeder, as a limited partner in the Fund, was deemed to be engaged in a US trade or business.
The CCA is not law and merely represents the IRS’s position. However, it is a reminder that the trading exception generally does not extend to the activities of lenders and securities dealers.


Tuesday, June 17, 2014
The American Immigration Council has released Two Years and Counting: Assessing the Growing Power of DACA by Roberto G. Gonzales, Ph.D. and Angie M. Bautista-Chavez. To date, more than 550,000 individuals have been approved for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) status. DACA provides a two-year renewable reprieve from deportation and allows beneficiaries to obtain work permits and, in nearly every state, driver’s licenses.
Shortly after the program began, Harvard University Professor Roberto G. Gonzales launched the National UnDACAmented Research Project (NURP) to assess the impact that DACA has had on some of the young people who have received it. At DACA’s one-year anniversary, the American Immigration Council released some of the preliminary findings of the NURP study, however, now that the program has been in effect for two years, much more has been learned.
The survey results find that DACA beneficiaries have experienced a pronounced increase in economic opportunities, and the newly DACAmented young adults demonstrate a strong work ethic that has significant implications for their new status as contributors to our nation’s economy.
The study also uncovers the important role played by community organizations in assisting DACA applicants and in helping them make the most of their benefits. The report also provides recommendations aimed at bolstering DACA’s effectiveness and more fully addressing the needs of immigrant young adults and their families.


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The Serbian stock market declined for the second week in a row, but with increased investment activity. Total market turnover, due to weaker activity in the bond market, reached RSD 103.8m (EUR 0.9m), while the index of the most liquid shares, Belex15, weakened by 0.2% to 874.5 points.
The Petroleum Industry of Serbia (NIIS) once again confirmed absolute dominance, after the company announced business results for 2022. NIS announced an FY22 net income of RSD 92.4bn compared to last year’s RSD 21.0bn, thanks to the high crude oil price, growth in demand, and lower costs due to the supply of cheaper Russian oil. NIS shares ended the week up 2.3% at RSD 748 with a turnover of RSD 56.1m. The stock has been experiencing increased demand for weeks, primarily due to its attractive fundamentals and an expected dividend yield of almost 20%.
Shares in Messer Tehnogas (TGAS) were among the most traded, with a turnover of RSD 10m and an increase of 1.9% to RSD 13,300. Since the beginning of the year, Tehnogas have recorded a growth of 6.6% after falling below the level of RSD 12,000 in November last year due to the aggressive selling of the Croatian investment fund, ZB Invest.
Belgrade Airport (AERO) also recorded increased volume with a price drop of 2.5% to RSD 1,804. The total trading value of the stock reached RSD 8.1m, mostly at RSD 1,800.
Shares in Dunav Osiguranje (DNOS) also fell by 2.5% to RSD 1,131, with a turnover of RSD 5.0m. The stock decreased for the second week in a row under increasing pressure on the ask side. The company expects to announce business results for 2022 next month, which should show whether H2 has mitigated the poor performance of the first six months due to increased claims costs.
WEEKLY REPORT, February 20-24, 2023

domain: economics


Ahead of Tuesdays Champions League game against Chelsea. Julian Draxler has revealed that he turned down the opportunity to play in England, to play more first team football.
“There were offers from England, but I stayed because I was certain to play in World Cup year”
Regarded as one of the hottest young football talents in Germany, it makes sense for him to stay in the Bundesliga, but he has not ruled out a move for next year.
“However, you never know what will happen in the future. I have my favourite team, but I am at Schalke and I don’t want to talk about other clubs.”
With the news coming out just before Tuesdays big game against Chelsea, Draxler spoke on playing against his friend Andre Schrulle, and whether or not Chelsea will underestimate Schalke.
“I’ve spoken with Schurrle. He’s happy at Chelsea and likes the manager Jose Mourinho a lot, and I don’t think Chelsea will be surprised by how good we are. Mourinho will tell his side how strong we are. He’s one of the best coaches if not the best coach in the world. It will be a difficult game, but we are at home and we’ve won the first two matches. We can beat Chelsea”
Steven Rout – @Steven_Rout13


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This tantalising chewy treat is so delicious! I sprinkle it on top with finely ground raw cacao nibs, desiccated coconut or maqui berry powder to dress it up when in a hurry, or coat it with my Very Vogue Vanilla (in the book). Only don’t leave them out of the fridge too long! You may end up with pineapple coconut puff cereal 😉
200g creamed coconut
¼ cup coconut oil, melted
1/3 cup light raw honey
2 cups rice bubbles, or crunchy organic brown rice puffs
Very Vogue Vanilla, for coating + 1 tablespoon maqui berry powder, optional
Line a rectangle dish with baking paper. Whiz pineapple and creamed coconut in the food processor until chopped into fine pieces. Add coconut oil and honey, process again to combine. Add rice bubbles into the pineapple mixture, mix well to combine. Scrape out into dish and compact down firmly with the back of a spoon. Set in fridge to harden 1 hour. When completely firm, use a sharp knife to slice into cubes and enjoy as is or coat with Very Vogue Vanilla, sprinkle lightly with desiccated coconut and set to harden before serving.
10 minutes to make without coating. Makes 22 squares.

domain: food


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San José (AFP) At least 19 people have died in Costa Rica following the consumption of sweetened alcohol. A total of 34 people had suffered since the beginning of June, a methanol poisoning, said the Ministry of Health of the Central American country on Saturday. 14 men and five women died of it. Most of them were reportedly homeless and alcoholics.
Costa Rica: At least 19 people killed by alcohol in Costa Rica
TIME ONLINE | News, backgrounds and debates

domain: sociology


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Dec 15, 2012
This musical tribute will honor some of the biggest singing stars of the 20th century, including Bobby Vee and Roy Orbison. Enjoy some great music from the 50's and 60's along with some of your favorite Christmas carols!
The first set re-enacts the last performance of Buddy Holly, Richie Valens, and the Big Bopper at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa, February 2, 1959, known as "The Day The Music Died."
The second set will play host to additional singing starts of the '50s and '60s including Roy Orbison, Gene Pitney (whose hits include "Town Without Pity," "Only Love Can Break A Heart," and "Liberty Valence") the Everly Brothers, and Richie Valens. The evening will be rounded out with some of the Christmas classics from this decade.
|Cost||$25 in advance, $30 at the door.|
Maplewood Community Center
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.

domain: artistic


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Peach melba roulade is a crowd pleasing fruity summer dessert. Our version is fat free thanks to the 0% Greek yoghurt and meringue based roulade. We've taken the classic peach melba flavour combination of peaches and rasperries, but then reinvented them as a peach melba roulade made from meringue, and ditched any fat. This peach melba roulade recipe is the perfect light dessert to end a dinner party or family meal if you want something sweet but not too rich and heavy. It is easy to make but gives beautiful and impressive results every time. Even those who are trying to watch what they eat can enjoy this delicious but low fat dessert.
- 5 large egg whites
- 50g golden caster sugar
- 2tsp cornflour
- 30g icing sugar, sieved, plus extra for dusting
- 500g carton 0% fat Greek yogurt
- 2 ripe peaches, stones removed and cut into wedges
- 150g raspberries
- 1 passion fruit, seeds scooped out, optional
You will need
- 30 x 20cm Swiss-roll tin, greased and lined
- Heat the oven to 150C.
- Using an electric whisk, whisk the egg whites to stiff peaks. Gradually whisk in the sugar, until the mixture is stiff and glossy, and then add the cornflour.
- Spread the meringue evenly in the prepared tin. Bake for 1 hour. Leave in the tin to cool completely.
- Lay a sheet of baking parchment on the work surface and sprinkle with sieved icing sugar. Upturn the meringue on to parchment and peel away paper used to line the tin.
- Spread the Greek yogurt over the meringue. Scatter over the peaches, raspberries and passion-fruit pulp, if using.
- With one of the short ends of the meringue closest to you, lift the baking paper to carefully roll up into a roulade. Dust with icing sugar and slice into thick pieces to serve.
Trusted, informative, and empathetic – GoodTo is the ultimate online destination for mums. Established in 2007, our 15-year-strong archive of content includes more than 18,000 articles, 1,500 how-to videos, and 7,000 recipes.
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A visit to the New Brunswick Museum brings heritage to life! Over a dozen galleries explore themes that are important to our province. Stories from extensive art, history and natural science collections are the focus in our feature galleries and an active schedule of temporary exhibitions means there’s something new to experience every visit!
Follow the footsteps of ancient creatures as you travel through geological time. Learn about the Bay of Fundy – whale sightings guaranteed (full size models of course)! From wooden ships to fine art and international treasures, there’s lots to experience at the New Brunswick Museum!

domain: geography


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By Mahendra De Silva –
“The smart patriot is constructively critical about his country but is fiercely loyal to it all the same. He will criticize it but will unconditionally defend his country from the hypocritical criticism of foreign powers and institutions responsible for or blind to far worse crimes.”
It is regrettable Dayan did not make an attempt to understand my argument against his Smart Patriotism. In my criticism I have questioned the effectiveness of Smart Patriotism when dealing with a government that does not care public opinion or constructive criticism.
We have plenty of examples from the history that democratically elected leaders becoming autocratic, oppressive, despotic or tyrannical. There are examples even in Sri Lanka where elected leaders had governed.outside the otherwise accepted rule of law and developed a cult of personality for him, close associates and family. They could resort to explore all means to continue in power even by fraud. They could misuse power to bribe the legislature to pass any unfair laws through the Parliament for the ultimate purpose of consolidating power. Most common tactic used by such corrupt leaders is to suppress media and use state propaganda for persuasion and brain wash the ordinary masses. Arousing patriotism would help to rally people behind the cause, but often at the cost of exaggerating, misrepresenting, or even lying about the issues in order to gain that support. They believe in divide and rule and promote racism in the country. In many dictatorships there is no room for such thing as Constructive criticism. The people who offer constructive criticism would be regarded as anti-social or agents of the foreign governments. People would be scared for any type of criticism as it could result in serious repercussions including loss of any privileges presently enjoyed. Very often critics would be harassed or imprisoned under false charges.
Dayan in his response to my criticism claims that he as a Smart Patriot has written many articles condemning some of the actions of the then government. There were many religious leaders, progressive forces who have repeatedly criticised and condemned then government for abuse of power, suppression of media freedom, interference in judiciary and violation of human rights. But they failed to have any impact at all to the hardline policies of the rulers at that time.
When Dayan says that Smart patriots would be fearlessly loyal to country, obviously he means that he would be loyal to the decisions taken by leaders on behalf of the country. It is my belief that a True Patriot should be fearlessly loyal to country. But by country I mean the people of the country and not the rulers who take incorrect decisions based on their self-interest. People of the country need not be the victims of the bad decisions of the rulers. A True patriot would defend its people but not the corrupt leaders.
According to Dayan Smart Patriots defend their country from the hypocritical criticism of foreign powers and institutions. A True Patriot should defend his country not only from foreign powers but also from its own leaders who would abuse power and deny the democratic rights and freedom to the people. In some countries, governments have typically presented a much greater threat than criminals to the citizen’s life because governments have the control of resources and could mobilize police and armed forces. North Korea is a typical example of a country where leaders kept its citizens as hostages. Does anyone believe that Smart Patriotism would work in such environment?
Hypocritical criticism of foreign powers Dayan is referring to are the reforms demanded by foreign powers after the war has been ended in 2009. Most of these demands have been made by all progressive forces in our country including religious leaders long before the western criticism. Implementation of at least some of these demands after 2009 would have enhanced the freedom and democratic rights of the people of Sri Lanka. Further it would have restored our status as a free and practicing democracy in the world. Only the Rulers and the loyalists, who wanted the continuity of their dynasty, opposed these demands. It is my view that it is the western pressure that kept the government in check to have at least the minimum levels of freedom and democracy alive in our country today.
I would ask Dayan what type of patriotism he calls if a concerned citizen of the country canvases the support of western countries or International Human right organizations against anti-democratic acts of his own government? Will he call the former President who complained to HRC in 1990, unpatriotic, because he did not limit his actions to” constructive criticism” or because he fearlessly did not defend the Country?
If the present government continues the same suppression of media freedom and human right violations and be deaf and blind to constructive criticism, what alternatives would he suggest to the citizens of our country?
In conclusion I would argue that True patriots would be loyal to the country and unconditionally defend the country by utilizing all the resources possible to ensure justice and fair play when countries’ sovereignty, human rights or democracy are under threat from any forces within or outside the country.


After enduring a series of rough years resulting in some unsettling financial reports, Nissan is doing its utmost to turn things around. Following its first annual loss in 11 years, the company announced a plan that would include cutting 20 percent of its global lineup to make way for newer models, eliminating unnecessary production capacity, and cutting corners (and jobs) just about everywhere in order to save $2.8 billion off of fixed costs. This is also being done to make way for a leaner, meaner Nissan, and make room for newer vehicles it believes will be essential to remain competitive.
It’s also hoping to spruce up dealerships to make them more desirable locales for customers ready to do their business. That includes an increased number of factory audits moving into 2021 — partly as a way to make up for the limited number that were conducted this year thanks to the pandemic and partly as a way to make sure nobody is doing anything financially untoward. But there are some concerns among owners that Nissan may end up bullying shops unnecessarily.
Lynk & Co, the Geely-owned sister brand to Volvo, is rounding out its product lineup with the announcement of a new sport utility vehicle. For clarification, it’s not really an SUV, as Lynk only builds car-based crossovers — and it’s also not entirely new, because it appears to be a squished-down version of the existing 01, itself based on the Volvo XC40. But this recipe may still have produced something novel for the fledgling automaker.
Based on claims from the manufacturer, what we have here is a shortened, lowered, and girthed-up sporting version of its existing crossover. Called the “02,” it’s an even more wagon-like CUV (that stops short of being a full-blown car). This makes sense, as the brand is already planning an “03” sedan. Spy shots of the sedan prototype reveals it more or less resembles an 01 “SUV” with a lowered ride height and different roof.
In fact, all of these vehicles look so similar that it almost feels like Lynk & Co is trying to pull a fast one on us. However, a critical eye reveals subtle styling cues that differentiate the models, even if it’s only slightly.
Late last month, Hyundai Motor America sent messages to dealers that announced the formation of an independent Genesis dealer network. The plan was to further separate the luxury brand from the rest of the company’s automotive fare by creating standalone dealerships.
While great for the brand’s image, the automaker’s strategy only calls for 100 initial locations. That’s a problem, because there are roughly 350 dealers that are currently eligible to sell both.
This hasn’t gone over well with Hyundai stores currently selling Genesis models right next to their more pedestrian inventory. Dealers have been offered compensation if they don’t make the cut, but plenty of them aren’t interested. They don’t want the money, they want the cars.
Fresh-faced automotive brand Lynk & CO began selling its first vehicle in China about two months ago. But it has bigger aspirations than procuring a place in Asia’s largest market — it wants to achieve global domination through westerly expansion and is now preparing to take its first steps.
While the goal seems unrealistic for a fledgeling automaker producing only one model, the brand has friends in high places. Volvo Cars, which is also owned by Geely Automotive, may be tapped to assist Lynk in Europe by offering its factory in Belgium and opening up its servicing infrastructure. If so, that would set a precedent for a Volvo-based support network that could eventually extend to North America.
Chinese car brand Guangzhou Automobile Group’s showing at the North American International Auto Show made it pretty clear that the manufacturer wants to get into the U.S. market. But, with its earlier deadlines to do so having gone unmet, there is skepticism that it won’t happen by 2019. Is it really possible?
Well, sure, anything is possible. But GAC has a laundry list of obstacles to overcome if it wants to sell cars to Americans in earnest and the clock is ticking. For starters, politicians are starting to get a little testy when it comes to Chinese trade policies, and GAC now finds itself as a focal point on the issue. More importantly, the brand needs a clear-cut path to victory — and we’ve yet to hear one.
Unlike the majority of Chinese automakers looking to the West, Lynk & Co seemed well-poised to bring a physical product to America — even though it had a share-based business model and a distribution plan that seemed counterintuitive. However, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group has announced that it is delaying Lynk & Co’s product launch for Europe and the United States.
The reasoning behind the stall revolves around that unconventional distribution model, which initially involves online ordering and at-home deliveries. Zhejiang Geely now feels that Lynk needs more time to cultivate a company-owned dealership network.
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- Lou_BC Blows me away that the cars pictured are just 2 door vehicles. How much space do you need to fully open them?
- Daniel J Isn't this sort of a bait and switch? I mean, many of these auto plants went to the south due to the lack of unions. I'd also be curious as how, at least in my own state, unions would work since the state is a right to work state, meaning employees can still work without being apart of the union.
- EBFlex No they shouldn’t. It would be signing their death warrant. The UAW is steadfast in moving as much production out of this country as possible
- Groza George The South is one of the few places in the U.S. where we still build cars. Unionizing Southern factories will speed up the move to Mexico.
- FreedMike I'd say that question is up to the southern auto workers. If I were in their shoes, I probably wouldn't if the wages/benefits were at at some kind of parity with unionized shops. But let's be clear here: the only thing keeping those wages/benefits at par IS the threat of unionization.


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Kanye West’s Yeezus Album Includes Chief Keef Feature
By Chelsey Wilkins
A few days ago, a leaked photo surfaced of an alleged tracklist for Kanye West’s upcoming sixth album, Yeezus. The list included a track featuring RZA, Ma$e and Chief Keef called “Boxed Out” and it looks like there may be some truth to the picture.
Chief Keef has now confirmed that he worked with Kayne on his highly anticipated project. During an interview with Elite Money Empire to promote his new Beats by Dre headphones, Sosa unveiled some big news about Kayne’s new LP saying, “I am on the song called… I forgot… I forgot what the song is called, buts it’s a hot song.”
This isn’t the first time Ye and Chief have shared a track together. On G.O.O.D Music’s compilation album, Cruel Summer, Kanye borrowed the young rapper’s song, “I Don’t Like” and added some additional verses. There’s always a chance that Sosa’s verse might not make Kanye’s final cut, but we’ll find out soon enough.
Yeezus drops June 18.

domain: news


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Quick Answer: What Is A Bachelor Degree In Animation?
- 1 What bachelors degree do I need for animation?
- 2 How many years is a Bachelor’s degree in animation?
- 3 Do animators need a Bachelor’s degree?
- 4 What is a degree in animation?
- 5 Do animators get paid well?
- 6 Is it hard to get a job in animation?
- 7 Which degree is best for animation?
- 8 Is a animation degree worth it?
- 9 Is animation a good career?
- 10 Can you be a self taught animator?
- 11 Can you be an animator without college?
- 12 Can I animate if I can’t draw?
- 13 Are animators in demand?
- 14 How many years does it take to become an animator?
- 15 What college do Disney animators go to?
What bachelors degree do I need for animation?
Animators and special effects artists typically have a bachelor’s degree in fine art, computer graphics, animation, or a related field. Programs in computer graphics often include courses in computer science in addition to art courses.
How many years is a Bachelor’s degree in animation?
How long does it take to get a bachelor’s degree in animation? It usually takes students four years to earn their bachelor’s in animation. Students must usually complete around 120-132 credits to earn a bachelor’s degree.
Do animators need a Bachelor’s degree?
Animators and other multimedia artists typically hold a bachelor’s degree in animation. This degree may qualify graduates for work as video game designers, art directors, and film and video directors. Students can earn a bachelor’s degree online on a part-time or full-time basis.
What is a degree in animation?
An animation or computer animation degree program gives you the opportunity to develop and hone your creative skills. You’ll learn from industry professionals and study an array of topics, including basic animation principles, the production pipeline, character and background design, storyboarding, and modeling.
Do animators get paid well?
BLS data lists the 2017 median pay for animators at $70,530 a year. Glassdoor has the national average a bit higher at $74,000. Like many other fields, compensation for animators also depends on experience: it’s not uncommon for senior-level animators or art directors to earn well into six figures.
Is it hard to get a job in animation?
It’s difficult to get a job in animation at a large film studio, game company, or visual effects studio. Getting hired as an artist at companies like Blue Sky and Pixar is hard because they are looking for the best artists in the world.
Which degree is best for animation?
The best choice is a B.S. in Computer Animation that prepares you for the role of animator in any field. The other strong choice is the Game Arts degree that focuses on creating characters, environments, and other objects for games. Both degrees are available online and on-campus.
Is a animation degree worth it?
Yes, an animation degree is worth it for many students. Common animation careers include art director, animation artist, craft or fine artist, graphic designer, and web developer. Getting a bachelors degree in animation may allow you to work in a creative field with a variety of career options.
Is animation a good career?
Animation is a satisfying and lucrative profession and is attracting youngsters in droves towards it. Professionals new to this industry generally work in the capacity of junior animators in animation studios and production houses. The starting pay package of these animators can be in a range or Rs. 10,000 to Rs.
Can you be a self taught animator?
Whether you’re learning 2D or 3D animation, no amount of instructors or fancy schools can instill in you the desire to learn if you don’t have the dedication. Hence, like any other skill, if your passion for animation is deep enough, you can face the obstacles head on and become a self-taught animator.
Can you be an animator without college?
Yes and no. You can be a successful animator without a degree, but having one will make you more competitive. Many companies will require a degree in Animation, Graphic Design, or a related field. However, freelancing is a way to build that all-important portfolio.
Can I animate if I can’t draw?
There are many professional 3D animators that can create amazing animations without drawing. A good finished product is not about whether or not your drawing is pleasing to the eyes, but whether it’s moving in a believable and entertaining way. Animation has always been about the movement and not the drawing.
Are animators in demand?
Job Outlook Employment of special effects artists and animators is projected to grow 16 percent from 2020 to 2030, much faster than the average for all occupations. About 7,800 openings for special effects artists and animators are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
How many years does it take to become an animator?
How many years does it take to get an animation degree? It takes four years to complete a typical animation program leading to a bachelor’s degree. Some schools offer programs that allow students to complete their degree in three years by limiting the number of required courses outside of the core animation curriculum.
What college do Disney animators go to?
The University of Central Florida is located in proximity to Walt Disney World, Universal Studios, and SeaWorld, giving students ample opportunities for internships and work experience that allows them to gain hands-on experience while studying animation.


After you listen to The Challis Effect you would swear that it’s an entire band but in fact it is just one Boise, Idaho native named Matthew “Axl” Brammer. The project started in 2011 and released two albums, Your Heart Was Built On A Graveyard Of Lies and All The Secrets You Thought You Kept. The third album, No One Will Remember Your Name, was released December 2013. Brammer’s resume is quite impressive as he also produced and engineered his own album since he graduated from The Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences. The guy also also plays guitar, bass, piano, drums and he sings.
There is no hiding or denying that the songs from No One Will Remember Your Name are pretty much 1990’s grunge style songs with little deviation. The riffs sound like a combination of something you would here from Stone Temple Pilots, Alice In Chains or Pearl Jam and I could actually say the same thing about his voice. Brammer has a very thick Scott Strap, Eddie Vedder, Scott Weiland type voice but even more exaggerated. It is not as pretty as Eddie Vedder. Brammer sounds more masculine, like he has been drinking whiskey for the past six hours and drives trucks for 14 hours a day.
I’m sure there is still a market for post 90’s grunge but the music is so overtly influenced by that genre it is hard to imagine why you wouldn't just listen to an album that was made 20 years ago. That being said the songs are well written and are consistent throughout. Listening to one song on the album will give you a very accurate idea of what to expect from the rest of the album.
The album starts with a solid song called “Regret.” One of the first things that I noticed is how good the recording sounded. The acoustic guitars sounded warm, with a lot of body, the drums sounded full and organic and Brammer’s voice sat well in the mix. Another highlight was “Pity,” which revolved around a hypnotic yet melodic guitar riff.
I have to admit that I wasn’t the biggest fan of Brammer’s voice at first but The Challis Effect started to grow on me the more I spun the album, Overall, Brammer is delivering songs that are rooted in one style and shows that he knows exactly what he wants. If you can’t get enough grunge style tunes than you just found your next favorite album in No One Will Remember Your Name.
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Dive into the deep sea with Ark Nova: Marine Worlds expansion! Upgrade your zoo with new special enclosures for exciting sea animals. From reef dwellers that trigger special abilities to wave icons that can help preserve the deck, your zoo experience will never be the same! Be sure to grab one of the six special universities from the reserve too - with these added perks, you won't want to miss out!
Publisher: Feuerland Spiele

domain: game


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We remember quite well London’s most colorful kitchen, which we posted about last year. The abundance of colors and bold mixes in that interior literally amazes the imagination. But for the Office S&M studio, this is far from the only project in this style. Not long ago, these young designers presented to the public their latest project – a graphic designer’s family home in London. This house is also full of blue, yellow, pink and other pastel shades. Incredibly cheerful!
See also: London townhouse with pastel interiors

domain: design


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Royal Mail is looking to grab a slice of the 3D printing market by trialling the technology as part of a pilot scheme in a London delivery office.
As of this week, customers will be able to go to its New Cavendish Street delivery office in central London and print objects either from a catalogue or based on their own designs.
Products in the ready-to-print guide include glasses frames, eggcups and even an engagement ring.
The scheme has been launched with 3D printing firm iMakr in response to the rapid growth the market has recently enjoyed.
According to Gartner, global shipments of 3D printers will reach more than 200,000 next year – double the figure expected for this year. Shipments of the devices will then double again every year between 2015 and 2018, it added.
Royal Mail chief customer officer Mike Newnham said the trial was designed to measure interest but did not commit to a wider rollout.
"3D printing is an emerging technology that has many applications and offers an innovative way to create unique or personalised objects," he said.
"It can be prohibitively expensive for consumers or small businesses to invest in a 3D printer, so we are launching a pilot to gauge interest in 3D printing to sit alongside Royal Mail's e-commerce and delivery capability."
Highlander MD Steve Brown tells CRN about the skills he learned on the pitch and brought to the boardroom
Reports suggest Dell is pursuing a straightforward IPO, contradicting existing plans to buy out tracking stock holders
Analysts predict upturn in PC market next year, but 2018 to remain plagued by components shortages
Neil Sawyer claims he has 'never seen so many conversations about a new method of investing in workplace technology'


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Expected guests include Alexander Payne, Marjane Satrapi and Vincent Paronnaud, Mohammad Rasoulof, Andrey Zvyagintsev, Sara Driver, Ole Christian Madsen, Ulrich Seidl and Erden Kiral.
The 52nd Thessaloniki film festival (Nov 4-13) will be bookended by two independent American productions: Alexander Payne’s The Descendants and Sean Durkin’s Sundance-directing-award winning thriller Martha Marcy May Marlene. Payne returns again to Thessaloniki, where his debut feature Citizen Ruth won the best screenplay award in 1996. He and his the film’s cinematographer Phedon Papamichael both have Greek heritage.
Other notable guests set to present their films in Thessaloniki include Marjane Satrapi and Vincent Paronnaud who re-teamed after Persepolis for their new live-action Chicken With Plums; Cannes special jury prize winner Andrey Zvyagintsev with Elena. The festival will produce special tributes to Jim Jarmusch collaborator Sara Driver, Danish director Ole Christian Madsen, Austria’s Ulrich Seidl, Turkis filmmaker Erden Kiral and Greece’s Constantine Giannaris. Also, Italy’s Paolo Sorrentino will get a tribute.
The presence of those and other foreign filmmakers was made possible thanks to a European Union grant backed by additional MEDIA programme financial assistance to Thessaloniki’s film market and Crossroads co-production forum.
That grant should enable the festival to keep on going at least till 2013, while waiting to receive the much delayed subsidy from the financially strapped culture ministry of Greece. Artistic Director Dimitri Eipides, at the helm for the last 18 months, has had to introduce austerity measures across all organisational aspects of the event.
The number of films was trimmed to 150 from nearly 200 in past editions and the budget of the event was brought down to €1.5m compared to three times that in the past. Previous administrations debts of €6.5m have been reduced to €2m.
Austerity measures are not, however, expected to affect Thessaloniki’s smooth operations and attendance of guests.
Eipides has also strengthened the Open Horizons section, reintroduced last year (after Eipides ran it from 1992-2005).
The competition section, open to first and second films, is comprised of 15 titles (listed below) representing 21 producing and co-producing countries.
All competition titles will be available after their first screening and for six months after the festival on Festival Scope following a deal struck with the industry screening platform for film professionals.
The Golden Alexander (€20,000), the Silver Alexander (€10,000) and the Special Jury Prize (€5,000) will be awarded by an international jury comprised of Larry Kardish of New York’s MoMA (president); Sitora Alieva of Russia’s Kinotavr film festival; Frederic Boyer formerly of Directors Fortnight and now of the Les Arcs European Film Festival; Greek director Constantine Giannaris; and US producer Hisami Kuroiwa.
The 50+ titles of Open Horizons include Mohammad Rasoulof’s Goodbye (Be Omid E Didar) [the director is expected to attend despite his legal troubles in Iran]; Faust by Alexander Sokurov; Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne’s The Kid with a Bike; Matthieu Kassovitz’s Rebellion; Patty Considine’s Tyrannosaur; Mia Hansen-Love’s Goodbye, First Love; Pablo Giorgelli’s Las Acacias; Lisa Aschan’s She Monkeys; Emanuele Crialese’s Terraferma; Markus Schleinzer’s Michael; Miaoyan Hang’s Black Blood; and Ruben Ostlund’s Play.
The Greek Films section is particularly beefed up this year. Eipides said: “the festival should provide Greek films with an adequate promotion platform.”
The 33 titles-strong selection is composed by nine world premieres as well as by the presentation in the film market of such titles as George Lanthimos’ Alps and Philippos Tsitos’ Unfair World.
The Balkan Survey, now running for 18 years and showcasing regional work, presents 14 titles as well as a tribute to veteran Turkish filmmaker Erdan Kiral.
The Experimental Forum includes tributes to the French Collectif Jeune Cinema on the occasion of its 40th anniversary as well as to the Israeli Dror Heller, the Slovenian OM Production, Eric Baudelaire and the films of American J.X. Williams.
As previously reported, The Agora/Market industry side of the festival offers a 200-title-strong digital film library (up from 170 titles last year) plus 10 Works in Progress and 17 projects, as compared to 10 last year, in the Crossroads Co-Production Forum.
Attendees are confirmed from companies including Wild Bunch, MK2, Arte, Pyramide, ZDF, Match Factory, Films Boutique, The Co-production Office, Elephant Eye, Icon Entertainment, Visit Films, and RAI TV.
Festival events include a roundtable talk about producing films in countries with complicated social conditions (Israel, Romania, Greece); a workshop from Ulrich Seidl where he will present his new project Paradise; and photographic exhibitions from Spiros Staveris and Rainmer Simon.
Thessaloniki 2011 International competition line-up
- Alois Nebel by Tomas Lunak (Czech Republic, Germany, Slovak Republic)
- Behold the Lamb by John McIlduff (UK)
- Donkeys (Burros) by Odin Salazar (Mexico)
- The House (Dom) by Zuzana Liova (Slovak Republic, Czech Republic)
- Tollbooth (Gise Memuru) by Tolga Karacelik (Turkey)
- J.A.C.E. by Menelaos Kramaggiolis (Greece, Portugal, Turkey, FYROM, Netherlands)
- The Salesman (Le vendeur) by Sebastien Pilote (Canada)
- The Flood (Mabul) by Guy Nattiv (Israel, Canada, Germany, France)
- Eighty Letters (Osmdesat Dopisu) by Vaclav Kadrnka (Czech Republic)
- Paradise (Paradisos) by Panayiotis Fafoutis (Greece)
- Porfirio by Alejandro Landes (Colombia, Spain, Uruguay, Argentina, France)
- Twilight Portrait (Portret V Sumer Kakh), Angelina Nikonova (Russia)
- Land of Oblivion (Terre outrage) by Michale Boganim (France, Germany, Poland, Ukraine)
- Without by Mark Jackson (US)
- The Fire (Der Brand) by Brigitte Maria Bertele (Germany)


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The outflowing of outrage over the grand jury decisions not to indict the police officers in the Eric Garner and Michael Brown cases has reached dangerous proportions.
No, not the peaceful protests about the perception of routine police brutality in minority communities. And even though the burning and looting that followed the Brown decision in Ferguson, Mo. was dangerous, I’m talking about something else:
The constant drumbeat of activists, commentators and others who know that the juries made the wrong decisions.
Just one of the many, many examples is columnist Eugene Robinson whostated, “There should have been an indictment in the Ferguson case….:
How do you know, Mr. Robinson? Did you hear 50 witnesses and see dozens of exhibits, including four videos (and not just the one everyone is talking about)? The grand jury members did.
Were you there?
No, I’m not saying that its decision was correct. I’m saying that it had more information. And the jurors spent weeks examining it. Maybe the system for indicting suspected criminals can be improved (but I’m not seeing any serious suggestions on that score). Maybe the prosecutors could have done a better job of trying to nail the two white police officers–Darren Wilson and Daniel Pantaleo–who are being accused of racist and other horrible motives in the killing of Brown and Garner. And I’m definitely not saying the question of police brutality is not an issue. I’m totally in favor of every police officer being wired for video tape.
My point rather is the destruction of the criminal justice system that is being engineered by people who should know better. Outside observers of judicial and criminal decisions are exactly that–”outside.” Even with the benefit of the singlevideo of Garner being restrained and pulled to the ground, the rest of us may not have the entire picture. In the Garner case: How much did his other medical conditions contribute to his death? Was it truly a chokehold or some other form of restraint that was used on him? Does he have a prior record of resisting arrest?Did the officers involved know that the merchants have lodged complaints about him scaring off their customers? How can someone say anything (e.g. I can’t breathe) when he can’t breathe? And so on.
Reason surrenders to passion
We had the opportunity to review the testimony and evidence in the Brown case. It threw serious doubt on the initial and widely publicized assertions by witnesses that Brown was trying to give up or, worse, was shot in the back. It made clear the larger circumstances of Brown’s attack on the police officer. And it made it clear that even if Brown had been indicted that he probably would not have been convicted because there would be “reasonable doubt” about his guilt.
You may or may not agree with the Brown grand jury–obviously your right. You might think me naive. But you weren’t in the room and involved in the grand jury’s secret deliberations. And clearly those, such as Al Sharpton and Brown’s stepfather, who have made intemperate, inflammatory remarks weren’t either.
Who’s defending the anonymous jurors?
What should one assume about the jurors in these two cases? That they were stupid and easily manipulated by malicious and racist prosecutors? That the jurors were encumbered by the hateful prejudices that would constitute a nationwide “war on black men?” And were willing, despite their oaths, to free a guilty criminal?
Such a dark view needs more evidence to support it. I see none other than the a priori assumption that racial hatred had to account for two specific events that have their own causes. It turns logic on its head.
What about the O. J. verdict?
I’m put in mind of the reaction to the O.J. Simpson murder trial. Instead of outrage, there were celebrations in the streets. Despite the widespread public opinion that the Simpson jury got it wrong and freed a murderer. Were those who were celebrating saying that the jury system is fine? Or was it that the verdict went the “right” way when it was a case of black man accused of killing two whites?
Sure, I had an opinion–a private opinion. But as a columnist for the Chicago Sun-Times at the time, I did not express it publicly. My job was and is not to tear down the credibility of fragile institutions that are the foundations of our system of justice. Nor should it be the role of activists, commentators and others to destroy that foundation.
Some readers will be sorely upset by what I’m saying, as if I’m trying to justify racially motivated killing. So be it, even though I’m not. I’m just trying to point out what seems to be an increasingly, minority view amid all the racket about an allegedly corrupt legal system. Dare I say it? Perhaps the grand juries got it right.
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My wife and I are planning a trip to Spain for our first anniversaryin the first 2 weeks of july this year. We want to visit a couple of cities and also want to spend time at a beach town. We prefer smaller beautiful towns to large cities though!
We are planning barcelona, madrid, malaga, marbella and one of the islands... how is the region of Costa de brava/ costa de sol?
request your opinion on this and if you suggest some other cities for our travel... any opinion/ help will be highly appreciated....
many thanks for your help
Recent ActivityView all Europe activity »
- 1 Take your time to see San Gimignano
- 2 Car rental leaving Rome
- 3 Amsterdam - Germanyin mid April
- 4 Honeymoon Help! September 2016
- 5 Barcelona to San Sebastian
- 6 Update on Bob the Navigator
- 7 Wroclaw & Krakow, Poland
- 8 Handicap Assistance at Charles de Gaulle - Our Experience
- 9 Visiting Turkey for Fun and Adventure, Oasis or Chaos
- 10 Greece in March?
- 11 Best company/Tour for one day Amalfi Coast from Rome
- 12 Help with final 6 days of Norway itinerary
- 13 Does Wroclaw, Krakow, Warsaw sound like a good 8-day Polish trip?
- 14 Holland/France/Spain
- 15 X-ray machines at train stations in Europe?
- 16 Why Not Helsinki?
- 17 Paris for Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve
- 18 Christmas in London (& Paris)
- 19 Best boutique shops for kids within walking distance of Notre Dame?
- 20 Help Planning Spain Itinerary
- 21 The dog cemetery of Asnières
- 22 Last min prep for Krakow - Questions
- 23 Any special about stockholm (13th or 14th to go Stockholm)?
- 24 Glasgow and Edinburgh
- 25 Iceland Day 5

domain: travel


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The world of the novel is fully and completely hanged around the unique instrument which got through all horrors of the war. The story begins in a violin shop in Nuremberg, where in the ... See full summary »
John Daly, an ex-Neo Nazi, fled to Israel when his gang tried to kill him for being Jewish. An old Skinhead friend finds John 25 years later and suggests they visit concentration camps in an effort to make amends for their past.
Alex steals a car from a Parisian suburb. To his surprise, in the back seat there's Lola, a 10 year-old Russian girl. Alex finds it difficult to get rid of Lola because she outsmarts him every time and thus the hunter becomes the prey.
A young man in love for the first time. His thoughts are pure and naive, he decides to take the first step. But the way to his beloved's heart is very dangerous, because young man does not yet know that the girl he loves is a prostitute.

domain: literature


These 1.5″ tapered forks from Ren Cycles have a 400mm axle-to-crown, a 12mm thru axle, 50mm offset and will fit a 45mm tire. Best of all though, these forks are designed to work with racks, including the new Ren titanium randonneur rack. These racks will hold a bag like the Swift Ozette, or a Wald basket. Check out more information and Ren Cycles.
Riding the Oregon Outback on the Ren Cycles Ivan
Photos and words by Gabe Tiller
Earlier this summer I set out for my fourth journey on the Oregon Outback. Each time I had ridden a different steed ranging from touring bike to plus bike and this round was no exception: I had the chance to borrow REN’s titanium cyclocross race machine: the Ivan. It’s an adaptable beast, perfect for those masochists who like to race singlespeed as well as Cat A/B. Luckily I was doing neither, and instead going on a 360 mile jaunt through Oregon’s famous Outback.
Ren is Ti Cycles production line. While Ti Cycles makes their frames by hand in Portland, they wanted a more affordable option for those looking to save a substantial amount of money so they started Ren Cycles. Ren embodies the same design and engineering principles as Ti Cycles, just made overseas and at less of a shock to your wallet.
The Ren Cycles Waypoint is their self-described “gravel / commuter” bike. Made with a 44mm head tube, low mount disc brakes, threaded bottom bracket and Di2-ready (check out that head tube port), this bike can be built up for back-country excursions or daily commuting.
With pricing starting at $1,895 for a titanium frame, with a 5-year warranty, Ren’s Waypoint suddenly becomes an option for many wanting to own a ti frame.
I got to check out the Waypoint at the Handmade Bike and Beer Fest in Portland last month and was impressed not only with the frame’s construction, but this unique finishing work. See more for yourself at Ren Cycles.


New York - Michael Schumacher's 2001 championship-winning Ferrari sold for a record $7.5 million (R105 million) at an auction here last week.
The car, chassis number 211, was actually only raced three times by Schumacher that year, winning two of the Grands Prix it entered including Monaco. But because it crossed the line first at the Hungarian round, handing Schumacher his fourth of seven Formula One world championships, the F2001-codenamed Ferrari came with provenance to attract some seriously wealthy collectors.
The car isn’t for display purposes only. Described as “usable art,” the car is in full working condition. As part of Ferrari’s Corse Clienti program, the new owner will be able to drive it on race tracks around the world and be tutored by Ferrari’s own F1 technicians, mechanics, and test drivers.
Pre-auction estimates had the three-litre V10-powered "droopsnoot" (as it was nicknamed) valued around $4-million, but it pranced right past that mark with eight bidders pushing the price up by nearly double. The $7.504-million sale price makes this the most expensive modern era F1 car ever sold, beating the previous record holder: Schumacher's F2004 which sold for $3 198 500 (R45-million) at an auction in 2005.


Autonolas represents a significant stride in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology. This article delves into its conceptual framework, technological innovations, market dynamics, and potential impact in the cryptocurrency landscape.
1. Overview and Conceptual Framework
Launched in the summer of 2022, Autonolas is a unified network of off-chain services that includes automation, oracles, and co-owned AI. Its primary aim is to provide a composable stack for building these services, incentivizing their creation via a unique protocol. The essence of Autonolas lies in its capacity to operate these services in a co-owned and decentralized manner, a distinct approach in the crypto space. The $OLAS token, launched on the Ethereum network, is pivotal in accessing the network's core functionalities.
2. Technological Innovations and Applications
Autonolas is designed to seamlessly blend crypto and AI, executing complex logic in a decentralized fashion while autonomously interacting with both on- and off-chain data. A notable innovation is Governatooorr, an AI-enabled governance delegate for DAOs, showcasing the practical application of its autonomous agent technology. The platform's open-source software stack enables decentralized operations for DAOs, amalgamating data and transaction automation processes. It offers diverse toolkits for developers to build autonomous services, ranging from asset management products to decentralized ML-powered software services.
3. Market Performance and Price Analysis
As of late 2023, the $OLAS token is priced at approximately $5.30, with a market capitalization of around $240.50 million. Despite fluctuations and a recent dip below a key resistance level, $OLAS has maintained a positive trajectory, with a significant percentage gain since the year's start. Technical analysis, involving indicators such as RSI and MACD, suggests a neutral trend for $OLAS. Compared with the $1.8 billion market cap of $TAO, $OLAS still has a huge price growth potential.
Autonolas employs a unique economic model to encourage the development of autonomous services. Its tokenomics involve a bonding mechanism for liquidity growth, a staking model for tracking code contributions, and a reward system for useful code. OLAS tokens can be locked for voting-escrow OLAS (veOLAS) to participate in DAO governance, shaping the protocol and its tokenomics. Additionally, $OLAS can be used to acquire LP-tokens required for bonding, thus supporting the protocol's long-term growth.
5. Integration Challenges and Ethical Considerations
The project's integration of AI into blockchain raises concerns about the potential creation of an unstoppable AI. However, most AI-driven blockchain projects, including Autonolas, rely on centralized components or dependencies that function as control mechanisms. The implementation of decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) governance models offers an additional layer of oversight and decision-making, which could include safety measures to prevent AI from gaining excessive power.
6. Future Prospects and Expansion Plans
Autonolas aspires to be deployed on every major blockchain, powering core off-chain services and realizing a unified network of off-chain services. Its growth trajectory is marked by support for additional chains, aiming to fulfill its vision as a comprehensive platform for decentralized services. $OLAS enables users to operate off-chain services and gain governance rights, contributing to the network's development. Furthermore, $OLAS powers a system of developer incentives aimed at expanding the services in the Olas ecosystem.
Autonolas represents an innovative convergence of AI and blockchain, offering decentralized, co-owned AI services. With a comprehensive toolkit, robust tokenomics, and a resilient market performance, Autonolas stands as a promising entity in the crypto and Web3 domain. However, like any emerging technology, it faces challenges that necessitate continuous development and ethical considerations. As the project expands and evolves, it holds significant potential in shaping the future of decentralized AI in the crypto world, aiming for a broad deployment across major blockchains and a vast array of services.


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Music / I / Imagine Dragons / Overview
- Imagine Dragons
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- Imagine Dragons news (4)
Imagine Dragons - The Archive Review 05-03-2013 | 0 comments Las Vegas indie rock darlings Imagine Dragons have recently re-released their stunning 2012 debut, Night Visions, in a deluxe edition which now comes with five bonus tracks, known collectively as The ... read more » "Night Visions" to hit Billboard Top 5 09-09-2012 | 0 comments After hitting the top 40 on the Billboard 200 last month with its EP "Continued Silence," rock band Imagine Dragons is on its way to the top five of the Billboard 200 with its first full length set, "... read more » Imagine Dragons to Release Debut Full-Length Album 29-08-2012 | 0 comments Riding high from their recent MTV Video Music Award nomination for Best Rock Video for "It's Time," Imagine Dragons have announced that they will release their full-length debut, Night Visions, in September... read more »
|Most popular Imagine Dragons songs (see all 41 songs)|
|3||+1||On Top Of The World lyrics||97|
|4||−2||Who We Are lyrics||113|
|5||=||It's Time lyrics||504|
|7||+3||Hear Me lyrics||1,455|
|8||−1||Bleeding Out lyrics||1,483|
|9||−1||Tip Toe lyrics||1,700|
|10||−1||Every Night lyrics||1,794|
|Most popular Imagine Dragons albums (see all 7 albums)|
|1||=||Night Visions ||14|
|2||=||The Archive (Ep) ||168|
|3||=||Continued Silence Ep ||227|
|4||=||It's Time (EP) ||284|
|5||+1||Imagine Dragons [EP] ||305|
|6||−1||Hell And Silence [EP] ||435|
|7||=||Itunes Session (Ep),||1,289|
|Imagine Dragons biography (read more)|
|In a dark kitchen in the middle of a sweaty night in Las Vegas, all 6'4" of Dan Reynolds is hunched over a laptop, slapping beats on the table and crooning lyrics into a tiny microphone. Before long, he and the other three members of indie rock band Imagine Dragons would be playing "It's Time," that same laptop-demo-|
|Made In Mexico|
|Company of Thieves|
|Latest Imagine Dragons comments|
|13-08-2013 04:47 kalsonberry|
@ On Top Of The World
Ok I'll comment on this one because I love this song! My most played song of 2012.
|21-07-2013 20:29 emalinis|
- Lou Diamond Phillips. La la la la la bamba!
|11-07-2013 08:12 music_junkie|
@ Imagine Dragons
movie soundtracks, Billboard chart topping songs, GMA, award noms, sell-out tour... WORLD DOMINATION, CHECK!!
billboard Hot Rock Songs
1 - radioactive
8 - its time
9 - demons
1 - radioactive
4 - its time
11 - demons
1 - Night Visions
13 - iTunes Sessions EP
4 - radioactive
15 - its time
63 - demons
|03-06-2013 22:48 Alliey|
@ Lost Cause
I love Imagine Dragons, they're songs are great; all their songs are great. They are really passionate about their music, and the beats to them are just amazing. I hope you enjoy them as much as I do.
|05-04-2013 04:09 shaqreia|
@ It's Time
i love this song it never gets boring.
|14-02-2013 15:51 flygplats|
@ Bleeding Out
I absolutely love this song!
|28-01-2013 22:05 idanosh6|
|30-11-2012 16:10 FelleBelle|
I love this song so much too! It's an addictive song. The lyrics u have written here though.. The part where u have written "Enough to make my systems glow".. I'm pretty sure its "blow" and NOT "glow"
|26-11-2012 21:38 mozoa|
I think it would be appropriate to write the word 'Epic' here
|14-10-2012 16:32 flygplats|
My favorite song right now. Everything's just perfect about it.


Phil Hall is the host of the SoundCloud podcast "The Online Movie Show," the author of seven books, including "The Greatest Bad Movies of All Time" and "In Search of Lost Films," a former United Nations radio correspondent for Fairchild Broadcast News, and a writer with credits in The New York Times, New York Daily News, Wired and The Hill's Congress Blog.
In February, Touro College – the largest Jewish-sponsored educational institution in the United States – kicked off its yearlong 50th anniversary celebration with a special gift: The school was granted university status by the New York State Board of Regents. Overseeing this transformation at a time when geopolitics (Touro has schools in Moscow and Jerusalem) has dovetailed with heath care is Alan Kadish, M.D. – president of the Touro College and University System, a man whose entrepreneurial skills have been as crucial to his personal and professional success as his medical gifts and Jewish faith.
“Our community is designed to be as integrated as possible,” says Sara Humphreys, the executive director of The Club at Briarcliff. “The way the building was designed was that if you start at independent living and, at some point, you evolve and need more care, you move over to assisted living. The benefit is that you don’t have to leave the building. You’re just moving apartments and you still have access to the same amenities you did when you were an independent.”
“I grew up in a middle-class family and my dad was very hard-working,” says Barry P. Mitchell Jr., founder and managing director of Next Level Private in Harrison. “He never really made a lot of money – we didn’t realize we didn’t have any money, but we had a great upbringing – and he just never got great financial advice, because he didn’t have enough money. So, we’ve decided to forego a minimum to work with successful regular people who need help.”
“There are so many vanity publishers out there, and people that will simply take a book because the author has the money to do it,” says Emerald Lake Books co-owner Tara R. Alemany. “They don’t really assess the quality of the book or how it’s going to affect the author if that particular book goes out in its current condition. For us, a lot of it is about the ethics behind this and about having a very high sense of integrity.”


In the ever-changing realm of business operations, even the seemingly traditional aspects, such as mailroom management, are undergoing a profound transformation. This chapter serves as a compass, guiding readers through the evolving landscape of mailroom operations, emphasizing the critical role of efficiency in modern businesses. We will set the stage for a comprehensive exploration of top-notch mailroom management software solutions, shedding light on their significance in streamlining operations and fostering productivity.
I The Need for Modern Mailroom Management: Embracing Digital Transformation
In an era marked by rapid technological advancements and a paradigm shift towards digitalization, the traditional mailroom is undergoing a metamorphosis. This section delves into the pressing need for modernizing mailroom management software, exploring the challenges inherent in traditional processes and how the landscape is evolving to meet the demands of a digital age.
1. Challenges of Traditional Mailroom Processes
Manual Processes and Inefficiencies:
Traditional mailrooms are often characterized by manual, paper-based processes that result in inefficiencies. The manual sorting, logging, and distribution of mail contribute to delays, errors, and a general lack of agility in responding to the fast-paced nature of contemporary business.
Lack of Transparency and Tracking:
Thе opacity of traditional mail handling makе it challenging to track thе status and location of incoming and outgoing mail. This lack of transparency not only impedes operational efficiency but also poses security concerns, particularly when dealing with sensitive information.
The human labor involved in traditional mailrooms contributes to resource intensiveness. From sorting through stacks of paper to manually updating records, the process is not only time-consuming but also prone to errors, affecting overall productivity.
2. How Digital Transformation is Reshaping Mailroom Expectations:
Automation and Digitization:
Digital transformation introduces a fundamental shift from manual to automated processes. Advanced technologies such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and automation tools are revolutionizing how mail is sorted, logged, and distributed. This transition enhances accuracy, expedites workflows, and minimizes the risk of human error.
Real-time Visibility and Tracking:
Modern mailroom management embraces real-time visibility and tracking capabilities. Digital solutions enable organizations to monitor the entire mail lifecycle, providing instant updates on the status and location of each item. This transparency not only ensures timely deliveries but also facilitates proactive issue resolution.
Integration with Digital Communication Channels:
In a world where digital communication is prevalent, modern mailroom management integrates seamlessly with various digital channels. This includes not only traditional emails but also electronic documents and other digital correspondence. This integration fosters a unified approach to information management.
3. The Demand for Efficient, Secure, and Automated Mail Handling:
Efficiency for Operational Agility:
Efficient mail handling is no longer a mere convenience but a necessity for operational agility. Businesses need to adapt to the fast-paced nature of today’s markets, and streamlined mailroom processes play a pivotal role in achieving this agility.
Security and Compliance:
The increasing volume of sensitive information being exchanged necessitates a heightened focus on security. Modern mailroom solutions incorporate robust security features, including encryption and access controls, to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of documents. This not only meets compliance requirements but also builds trust among stakeholders.
Automation as a Productivity Driver:
The demand for automation arises from the need for increased productivity. Automated mail handling not only expedites processes but also allows organizations to allocate human resources strategically, focusing on value-added tasks rather than routine manual activities.
In the upcoming sections, we will explore the solutions that address these needs head-on, providing insights into the world of modern mailroom management software. From overcoming challenges to leveraging the opportunities presented by digital transformation, businesses are poised to redefine how they handle their mail, ushering in a new era of efficiency and security.
II. Key Features to Look for in Mailroom Management Software: Unlocking Efficiency and Precision
Selecting the right mailroom management software is pivotal to realizing the transformative benefits of digitalization. This chapter will delve into the key features that organizations should consider when evaluating software solutions, focusing on electronic mail tracking and logging, integration with digital communication channels, and the automation of mail sorting and distribution.
1. Electronic Mail Tracking and Logging:
A critical feature of advanced mailroom management software is thе ability to provide real-time visibility into thе movement and status of mail itеm. Through electronic mail tracking, organizations can monitor thе еntеrs lifecycle of a pica of mail, from thе moment it еntеrs thе mailroom to its final destination. This feature ensures transparency, enabling timely interventions and optimizing overall mailroom efficiency. This feature ensures transparency, enabling timely interventions and optimizing overall mailroom efficiency.
Comprehensive logging functionalities are essential for creating a digital record of mail transactions. Detailed logs include information such as sender details, recipient information, timestamps, and the journey of the mail item within the organization. This electronic trail not only facilitates accountability but also serves as a valuable resource for historical reference and audit purposes.
2. Integration with Digital Communication Channels:
Modern businesses operate in a multi-channel communication environment, and effective mailroom management extends beyond physical mail. The software should seamlessly integrate with various digital communication channels, including emails, electronic documents, and other forms of digital correspondence. This integration ensures a unified platform for managing both physical and digital communications, eliminating silos and enhancing overall information management.
Centralized Communication Hub:
By serving as a centralized communication hub, the software enables organizations to consolidate information from diverse sources. This not only streamlines the management process but also provides a holistic view of all communications, fostering a cohesive approach to information handling.
3. Automation of Mail Sorting and Distribution:
Intelligent Sorting Algorithms:
Automation lies at the core of modern mailroom efficiency. The software should feature intelligent sorting algorithms that leverage technologies like Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to automate the categorization of mail items. This not only accelerates the sorting process but also minimizes the risk of errors associated with manual handling.
Efficient Distribution Workflows:
Automated workflows for mail distribution are instrumental in expediting the delivery process. Once sorted, the software should facilitate the seamless distribution of mail to its intended recipients. Whether through physical delivery or electronic means, automated distribution workflows contribute to a swift and accurate mailroom operation.
In the subsequent sections, we will explore real-world examples of mailroom management software solutions that embody these key features. By understanding and prioritizing these functionalities, organizations can make informed decisions to propel their mailroom operations into a more efficient and digitally integrated future.


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Islamabad, January 15, 2021 (PPI-OT): Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi has said the recent statements of UK lawmakers about grave situation in Indian Illegally occupied Jammu and Kashmir is a manifestation that Kashmir is not an internal matter of India but an international dispute.
In a statement on Friday, he said the remarks of UK lawmakers have once again exposed the real face of Indian government. He said it is endorsement of Pakistan’s narrative on Kashmir dispute and a foreign policy success. Shah Mahmood Qureshi said the situation in occupied territory is very terrible as people are subjected to brutal oppression. Thousands of innocent people are in jails without any legal trial.
He said international media and independent monitors should be allowed to visit the occupied territory to assess the ground reality. He expressed hope that a similar voice in favour of Kashmiri people will be raised in the US Congress after the new government under Biden leadership assumes it responsibility next week.
He appealed to parliamentarians from UK, USA and European parliament to visit the occupied territory and analyze the situation there independently. Commenting on situation in Afghanistan, the Foreign Minister said Pakistan has always played a conciliatory role to facilitate the Afghan peace process. He said India is playing role of a spoiler and using afghan territory against Pakistan.
For more information, contact:
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Government of Pakistan
4th Floor, Cabinet Block, Pak. Secretariat, Islamabad, Pakistan


Leading Vibration Solution
ISFD technology provides highly engineered damping and stiffness to shift critical speeds and increase the dynamic stability of the rotor/bearing system.
In the patented ISFD design, stiffness and damping are independent of each other and can be precisely controlled. This produces higher and more accurate damping capability than a conventional squeeze film damper and makes ISFD technology a leading solution for controlling vibrations.
Stiffness and damping are each optimized for the application through rigorous rotordynamic analysis.
Shift Critical Speeds, Reduce Amplification Factor
ISFD technology can shift critical speeds and significantly reduce the amplification factor. With the reduction in amplification factor, machine seal clearances can be tightened to reduce gas or steam leakage.
Decrease Unbalance Sensitivity
ISFD technology helps reduce the sensitivity to unbalance, protecting impellers and seals from rubbing and increasing maintenance intervals.
The ISFD design, manufactured through electrical discharge machining (EDM), can integrate the bearing and damper into one unit for a space-saving solution suitable for new and retrofit installations. ISFD technology can be used with tilt pad, Flexure Pivot® tilt pad, fixed profile or rolling element bearings.
- Precise stiffness and damping
- Drop-in replacement without modifications to housing
- Shaft-centering ability
- Split configuration availability
- Constant stiffness and damping over a wide range
- No cavitation
- Suitable for use in tilt pad bearings, fixed profile bearings and rolling element bearings
The Role of Damping
Damping decreases vibrations by removing energy through resistance to motion. For rotating equipment, damping is necessary to control vibrations and prevent them from damaging the rotor, bearings or other components in the machine.
Related Case Studies
Optimized Bearings and Dampers Provide Long-term Solution to Vibrations
Over a 13-year span, a major South American oil company’s maintenance department fought recurring high vibrations in three gas reinjection compressor trains. A thorough analysis of the compressors and an inspection of damaged components pointed to a two-part solution.
ISFD Technology Eliminates Subsynchronous Vibrations
For a power generation customer in Scandinavia, Doosan Škoda Power engineered a 46 MW steam turbine as part of a combined cycle system. When high subsynchronous vibrations forced a trip in turbine operation at just 27 MW versus the rated 46 MW, the ISFD design provided rotordynamic stability needed to achieve full power output.


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Watch CHVRCHES Perform An Exclusive Version Of “Wonderland” In The Moog Sound Lab
The Scottish trio got to use the new Moog One for this one-off exclusive performance.
Ahead of their return to Coachella this Sunday which launches their North American tour, and following their first entry on the Billboard Hot 100 with their Marshmello collaboration, the Scottish trio CHVRCHES recently stopped by The Moog Factory in Asheville, NC to give a rare live performance of “Wonderland” inside the Moog Sound Lab.
“This is one of the few songs from the new album that we haven’t played live in any context and we wanted to do something special for the MSL performance…”, says Chvrches frontwoman Lauren Mayberry, “I think this will probably be the only place a live version of Wonderland will exist…”
Chvrches synthesize their re-imagining of “Wonderland” using a Moog One, Subsequent 37, and DFAM– composing the spontaneous analog arrangement on the spot in the Moog Sound Lab. During the in-studio session CHVRCHES had some time to answer a few questions with COS about their experience:
1) What was it like to visit the Moog Factory?
“So much of our sound is shaped by Moog instruments so getting to see the love and care people put into the development and creation of those instruments is really something. That place is literally a wonderland for synth lovers so maybe the song title is a bit ironic… “
2) Did any new or unexpected additions make their way into this performance while reimagining Wonderland for the MSL?
“Iain, Martin, and Jonny reimagined all of the instrumental parts of the songs for the performance so it sounds pretty different from the record. Once you’ve released an album, so much of your time is spent touring which is great but not necessarily hugely creative so when opportunities come up to use the creative part of your brain again, it’s exciting for us.”
3) How did they translate the track into a live setting since they never played it before?
“We did the arrangement all in the room, once the guys had figured out what instruments each of them wanted to play. It was nice to be spontaneous and just see where we ended up.”

domain: entertainment


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I just finished making my first moca and it was fabulous! I used some instant espresso coffee. This is better than the one I paid $4.00 fora small one for. You are a true gem. Thank you so much for taking the time to make a perfect drink.???
2 servings isn't enough!!!!!! I make a gallon of the mix at a time and just add ice as I drink it!

To make a gallon :
7 cup + 1/2 cup milk
1 cup + 3/4 cup + 2 tblspn chocolate syrup [1- 16 oz. can(-2 tblspns)]
1 cup + 4 tblspn sugar
5 cup coffee

one gallon

Make the coffee. Add the suger to the caraff mix untill disolved
Add chocolate to the milk mix untill chocolate is obsorbed into milk
Add both xixtures in a gallon jug and shake.
Shake again before serving
Perfect mid-day pick me up! I left out the extra teaspoon on sugar and used extra strong coffee. Yum! Thanks for posting the recipe!
This tastes great. Perfect for a hot Texas afternoon. I have to admit I added a tablespoon of cocoa because I am a chocoholic. So glad I found this recipe, we moved way out in the country and I miss my Frappucchino from that "other place".
Perfect proportions. I used chocolate milk instead of the milk and chocolate syrup and used espresso instead of coffee. I think I'll be making this everyday this summer. Thanks for the recipe
I made this with strong brewed decaf and it was great. I did cut the sugar in half, as several others have suggested. Yummy and without the caffeine!
I altered this recipe to add a touch of the holidays. Instead of chocolate syrup, I used caramel ice cream topping, and instead of milk, I used pumpkin spice coffee creamer. I may never need Starbucks again!
This was pretty good, I felt like it needed more syrup for my tastes.
I'll never buy another Starbuck's Mocha Frappuccino at the grocery store! This is soooo good. I couldn't resist tinkering a bit.
I changed the chocolate syrup from 2T to 1T and 2t. I added another oz of milk. I changed the sugar to 1T and 2t.
I originally tried this recipe with my regular coffer. It's better with an expresso coffee. I also cut from 8 ice cubes down to 7 ice cubes.
I was tired of paying $3 /cup for the McD's Frappe's especially since my five boys also wanted one. For about $3 we will have wonderful frappe's for quite a few days - ALL of us. Great recipe!! I used the hint about making your own coffee with 1/3 warm water to 1 tsp of instant Folgers too.


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In home PSG Kylian’s situation takes hold Mbappé. The renewal is late in coming and from 1 January, the Frenchman is free to sign with whoever he wants for the next season. The Real Madrid seems the most plausible solution, given the strong interest of the Spanish club. The coach of the Parisian company Mauricio spoke about the story Pochettino at a press conference diverting market rumors. Here are his words before the French Cup match against Vannes:
“Mbappé? No problem. In football a player can suffer from his contractual situation if he does not have sufficient maturity. But Kylian has it, and this situation is not a problem. Like everyone, we hope he can continue for a long time with this shirt. “.
January 2, 2021 (change January 2, 2021 | 17:20)
© REPRODUCTION RESERVED


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By Anne Stanley
Which workplaces really work for Baby Boomers? The perks offered by the 50 companies on AARP’s list of best employers for boomers are enviable: telecommuting and flexible work schedules, retirement and health-care benefits, financial planning seminars.
Those are just a few of the benefits offered by many of the companies on the list compiled this year by AARP and the Society for Human Resource Management, an association for human-resource professionals. Another reason these employers made the cut? They actively recruit and retain mature workers, according to this column by Andrea Coombes on MarketWatch.
At the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md.—the federal agency is No. 1 on the list this year—fully 47% of the workers are age 50 and older. As part of its recruitment efforts, NIH participates in an annual job fair aimed at workers 50 and older and notifies recent retirees of job opportunities.
News that McKinsey & Co. is reaching out to female employees who left the firm some years ago, presumably to start families, may be a small sign that at least some companies recognize that they lose valuable talent when workers decide it’s not possible to balance family and career.
The development is a new facet in the conversation about women’s prospects for simultaneously fulfilling work and family lives, a debate that has been rekindled in recent months, thanks in part to a now-famous essay by Anne-Marie Slaughter in The Atlantic last July.
The conversation around whether women can truly “have it all,” continues among professional women and across the Web, most recently with this New York Times op-ed about the difficulties facing families in which both parents want to (or must) work. (So pervasive is the discussion these days that nearly every high-profile woman who elects to have children is now subjected to think pieces about whether they can achieve work-life balance. See “Why Can’t Beyonce Have it All?” and “Can Marissa Mayer Have it All?”, and “Can Kate Middleton and Prince Harry Have it All?” (Spoiler on that last one: Nope.))
The next time you’re offered the chance to shift your schedule to avoid rush-hour traffic, or to work from home while the kids are on school break, know this: You may be penalized for saying yes.
In a forthcoming paper, researchers from University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management say there are career consequences for using flexible work arrangements, such as flexible schedules, telecommuting, job shares and compressed work weeks, but they vary depending on why a manager thinks the employee needs the accommodation.
It’s all about perception, say Lisa Leslie and Colleen Flaherty Manchester, two of the study’s authors and both assistant professors at Carlson’s Center for Human Resources and Labor Studies.
If managers see the move as an expression of high commitment to the job or an attempt to boost productivity, it reflects positively on the worker, increasingly the chances for raises and promotions. But if management assumes an employee needs the flexibility to manage his or her personal life, that worker suffers in the boss’s estimation.
Technical majors provide training that links directly to job skills but the benefits of majoring in humanities often aren't realized until later in life, says Anthony P. Carnevale.
Logitech CEO weighs in on the value of humanities majors.
What’s a college student to study? Should they pursue a humanities major even if it might not guarantee returns in the job market?
If the boss looks at you longer than at your co-workers during conversations or meetings, it may be a sign your star is rising.
Written and edited by The Wall Street Journal’s Management & Careers group, At Work covers life on the job, from getting ahead to managing staff to finding passion and purpose in the office. Tips, questions? email us.


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Main Article Content
Wounds have been occurring as long as the existence of life. Presently available advanced wound care products for dressing are beyond the reach of the majority Indian population, and they also do not completely fulfil the required benefits of therapeutic value. The dermal patch technology is the best-known and widely used approach for delivering drugs. It has been proven to be the fastest, easiest, safest and most economical way for drug delivery. The use of biodegradable polymers in wound management has been brought into prominence with new innovations in drug delivery system. Thus with a new dimension for the use of polymeric materials in or as wound healing, drug delivery devices involves incorporation of biodegradability into the drug delivery system. A number of degradable polymers are potentially useful for drug delivery including a variety of synthetic and natural substances such as Poly Lactic acid, Poly Crypolactone, Chitosen etc. Among all these Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most readily biodegradable polymer in the surgical field. The biodegradable polymers have gained growing importance in the medical area, and these have been used in a wide number of applications in the human body, such as surgical sutures, controlled drug release systems, artificial skins, guides for nerves, veins and artificial arteries and orthopaedic devices. Biodegradable polymers have several physical and chemical characteristics, such as molecular mass average and distribution, glass transition and/or melting temperatures, monomer ratios and sequencing for copolymers. The knowledge of physicochemical characteristics of Poly Lactic acid polymers essential to understand its thermo-mechanical performance. In order to achieve appropriate wound healing, sustained release of the drug from the bio-degradable patch is necessary. So the assessment of the interaction between the drug and polymer is indispensable.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.