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Reality TV star Angela Simmons announced she was engaged a couple of weeks ago and sometime after, when new photos of her surfaced, people speculated that she was pregnant.
She has now come out to confirm the rumours with this photo posted on Instagram.
She captioned “We are overjoyed and super excited to receive a blessing this big. Starting a family was something I could have only dreamed of”.
While kicking off a brand-new week, Rob Kardashian‘s fiancéBlac Chyna traveled to Miami Beach where she quickly headed straight to her hotel’s pool for some quality girl time.
Photographers spotted the model wearing a tie-dye jumpsuit as she walked over to meet her friends. She completed her look with braided hair, a pair of sunglasses and of course that giant engagement ring.
While the Chymoji app creator remained quiet on Instagram for much of the day, she did give fans a sneak peek into her afternoon on Snapchat. After posing for selfies by the pool on the popular app, Blac decided to eat Caesar salad for lunch as her [...]
A woman is supposedly in love with her 15-year-old son. The obviously overjoyed woman, took to her Facebook page to share a post, announcing how she’s expecting a baby with her son. According to the woman, she convinced her son that she loved him in a way that wasn’t normal for mother and son, but in the way lovers love themselves. The woman also said they now have a baby together. Here’s what she had to say below: “For those who don’t know, me and my 15 year old son had a baby last year together. I had sex with him when he was 14 years old. The baby came out fine. Just to let you know, I also have three (3) daughters who are thirteen (13), fourteen (14), and sixteen (16). My son is [...]
Are Chrissy Teigen and John Legend having a little boy or a little girl?
The pregnant supermodel revealed the sex of their bundle of joy tonight on Instagram, but it wasn’t with a colored cake or balloons or anything that you might have become used to these days. In fact, it was kind of in passing.
Teigen was actually praising her new Vogue magazine cover, which was shot in her native country of Thailand, and in the caption, she shared that the couple are going to have a baby—wait for it—girl!
“So proud and honored to have shot the cover of Vogue Thailand! Special to me for so many reasons…one being I am SO PROUD to be Thai, so excited to have [...]
Teyana Taylor flaunted her post-baby body today on Instagram and it’s absolutely ridiculous (in the best way possible, of course). Just six days, six, after welcoming her first child with Iman Shumpert, the singer posted an up-close black and white photograph that flaunted her incredibly toned tummy and abs.
Posing in her Victoria’s Secret PINK underwear and a bra, Taylor writes, “Dear Baby Iman…. Thank you for this snap back in 6 days. I love you my darling. Lol #AintNoGymBih #StillGotALongWayToGoButImGettimgThere.” Oh, did you get that? There was no gym involved in achieving this enviable bod. Just wanted to point that out once [...]


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With the fast pace of life today, stress is catching up faster than we realise. One needs to keep up with day to day routine as well as hectic schedule, by ensuring that they are healthy and fit.
When one is still young the body is healthy and immunity is strong, thus health issues do not crop up easily. As one approaches 50 or crosses 50, one needs to sit up and start thinking about an organized regime, so that further health issues do not spring a surprise. One requires periodic health check- ups from this age onwards.
Nowadays there are health checkup packages easily available offering top quality medical services, as per your schedule and at reasonable prices, not to mention with complete accuracy.
For a person who is approaching his 50s or is well into that age group, a health check-up package should include the following tests and examinations-
- A Colonoscopy
- Watching your weight, thus the need to step on the weighing scales from time to time and maintaining a record so as to monitor any weight gain or loss
- Blood Sugar levels – this would mean conducting a blood test for fasting sugars and post prandial sugars
- Hypertension monitoring is a must due to bad lifestyle, eating habits, stress levels
- Cholesterol tests should be a must in the health check-up regime
- Any kind of skin irregularity should be looked out for
- Vision test and monitoring if one is facing some sort of eye trouble. If not, a standard eye check should be done anyway
- Mammography, Pap smear tests should be a must in the health check-up for women
- Taking care of all immunization shots so that one keeps healthy throughout one’s life.
Online health checkup is also available, for which you need to register yourself. Online websites have comprehensive health check-up packages from where you could choose the one that you are looking for.
There are online health checkup quizzes, whereby one could go through some questions and based on the answers given, one is told, how fit they are. This mini online health checkup includes feeding in height, weight, and certain exercises that one should perform. As per the information one feeds in an almost accurate feedback is given.
But, it is recommended that one gets a full medical health check done at least one time during the year, in order to maintain a fit and active lifestyle.

domain: medical


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In today’s world, where market is unpredictable, strategies play crucial role in defending a firm’s product position. “The main reason why companies must continually develop new products is because products have life cycle”, (Bittel, 1980). Just as operation managers must be prepared to develop new products, they must also be prepared to develop strategies for both new and existing products. First and foremost, before proceeding into the product life cycle strategies, lets define what a product life cycle is. According to Griffin and Ebert (2002), a product life cycle is a series of stages through which it passes during its profit -producing life.
Depending on the product’s ability to attract and keep customers over time, a product life cycle may be a matter of months, years, or even decades. Anyway, there are four phases that every product undergoes in a market since it was produced and launched to its out-of market position. They are the introductory, growth, maturity and decline phases.
Below follows the figure of a product life cycle and all phases’ detailed descriptions shall be described later.
Also, considerations must be given to how far the product is along the product life cycle. A new concept / product just entering the product life cycle may require intensive distribution to start with to launch it on to the market. As it becomes more established, perhaps the after sales-service will play a more important role which leads to a more selective distribution, with only those dealers that are able to offer the necessary standard of after sales-service being allowed to sell the product.
In simpler words, in every phase of a product life cycle, a product should undergo different, suitable strategy in order to stay competitive in the ever changing market.
Below follows the product life cycle stages along with their definitions and beneficial strategies…
According to Stevenson (1999), the introduction stage begins when a product reaches the market place. When an item is first introduced, it may be treated with curiosity by the buyers. Demand is generally low as buyers are not yet familiar with that item. This often leads to the drop of the product’s price. Therefore, along with time, production and design improvements, many new products became more reliable, less costly, and also the increase in awareness in buyers lads to the increase in demand. Also, according to Griffin and Ebert (2002), during this stage, marketers focus on making their target markets aware of the products and their benefits.
Also, during this stage, the particular product is represented with innovation (diffusion of innovative curve), product development (Ansoff Growth Matrix) and problem children (Boston Consulting Group). Among the common characteristics, according to Smith et al – 1997 are:
– new products;
– low sales;
– low market share;
– Specific type of customers willing to buy new products.
During this phase, as compared to the other phases, profits are negative or low because of low sales and high distribution and promotional expenses. Promotional expenditures are high as the company is eager to inform customers’ about the product’s availability and get them to try it. Since the market is not ready for new products at this stage, the firm focuses on selling such items to those who are the readiest to buy.
A company that wishes to be a market leader for its product must choose to launch a strategy that is consistent with the intended product positioning. The company, when deciding on which strategy to implement for the product’s long-term, life and will have to continuously formulate new pricing, promotion and other marketing strategies.
It is the second stage of product life cycle process. Only if the new product satisfies the market’s demand and need, it will enter this stage. According to Heizer and Render (2001), in the growth phase, product design has begun to stabilize, and effective forecasting of capacity requirements is necessary. Adding capacity or enhancing existing capacity to accommodate the increase in product demand may be necessary. Also, customers who have tried the product earlier may remain loyal. In the face of such opportunity, new competitors will start entering the market and they will introduce new product features and hence, expanding the market, leaving the product’s price constant or fall slightly.
Here, a company, in order to stay competitive in the market, should keep on promoting its product. In addition, profits start to increase. The firm has several strategies to stay in the rapid growing market as long as possible. Also, the firm improves the product quality, adds more distribution channels, changing the advertising theme – from promoting the product to the market to reminding the market on the availability of the product as well as to increase awareness. The firm also lowers the price in order to attract more buyers.
During this stage, usually firms that have successfully passed their product’s introduction stage have high market share and are highly profitable. On the whole, as said by Smith et al – 1997, this phase is represented by:
– sales and profits growth;
– more widespread usage;
– development of the market;
– high market share;
– Increasing competition.
The third stage for a product to go. As stated by Pride et al, (1988), sales are still increasing at the beginning of the maturity stage, but the rate of increase has slowed. Later in this stage, the sales curve peaks and begins to decline. Many products maturity stages lasted longer than the previous stages. Industry profits decline throughout this stage. During this stage, sales growth starts to slow down. Hence, the firm as well as its market competitors starts lowering down their prices, increases advertising and sales promotions. Also, the intense market led weaker competitors to quit. Only those strong enough will be able to precede the competition.
A company should consider a different strategy when its product cines ti maturity, either by redesigning the market or its product. Modifying market is when the company tries to increase consumption if the current product. The currently matured product can also be redesigned its package or style. It is an effective way of strengthening a firm’s market share. Consumers may also be encouraged to use the product more often or in new ways. Pricing strategies are flexible during this stage, such as markdowns pr price incentives. Marketers may offer incentives and services to declare offering such matured products, especially from competitors. Sales promotions and aggressive personal selling can e effective during this period, when competition may require large promotional expenditures.
On the whole, just as adopted from Smith et al (1997), this phase is represented by:
– market maturity and a slow-down in sales growth’
– conversion of late majority of customers, and
– trying to increase market penetration and share.
The final stage of the product life cycle. According to Lancaster and Jobber (1994), it is when sales begin to fall and already slim profit margins are depressed even further. Customers have begun to become bored with the product and are looking forward to newer, latest products. Dealers begin to de-stock the product in anticipation of reduced sales. Here, sales and profits sank lower, due to various reasons such as advancement in technology, shifts in consumer tastes or intense competitions. Such factors have forced many companies to quit the market and for the other remaining companies, they may have to redesign their strategies to stay longer in the market by raising the price to cover cists, re price to maintain market share, or lower the price to reduce inventory.
The firm can also cut down or tighten the product’s advertising and promotional budget so it will be easier for the company to lower down the price. In addition, the company can also “downsize” its market and focuses on smaller segment as well as their trade channels. In other words, distribution of the declining product will be narrowed to te most profitable existing market. Also, the product will not be highly promoted, although advertising and promotions may be used to slow down the decline. Instead, the firm may even decide to drop the product entirely at the end.
Just like the above three phases, this stage is also represented by:
– declining sales and profits;
– rationalism in the marketplace through mergers, acquisitions and take-over;
– some products will be milked for the profits;
– often products may need to be harvested; and
– in a few cases, product extensions can be developed.
Detecting Maturity and Decline:
“The need in strategy development is to detect changes in the trend of industry sales, to detect when the product life cycle will enter a new phase”, (Asker, 1984). In other word, it is very essential for a firm to view and analyze all market factors involved when its product’s growth phase of the product life cycle changes to a flat maturity phase and when the maturity phase changes into a decline phase. Below are some factors that supply as market indicators that serve as an aid for a firm in detecting its product maturity and decline…
– Price pressures caused by overcapacity and the lack of product differentiation;
– As the product matures. Buyers have become familiar with the related product and hence, they are unwilling to pay finest price for the product in order to obtain brand security;
– Technology advancement and substitute products may lead to the decline of a product. A suitable example for this case is the black and white television sets which due to technological development have lead to the production of color televisions – a definite unpredictable effect on sales of black and white television sets;
– When the number of potential first time buyers for a particular product decreases, the market along with the company sales and profits happen to decline;
– The market is fully penetrated and there are no sources of growth from existing and new users; and
– Existing customers may start to be disinterested in the product and are probably looking forward to switch brands.
Actually a product life cycle is conceptually simple yet powerful. However, it is not easily applied. The stages described above are not easily forecasted or predicted or even easily determined. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine and analyze the product definition and finally, even if the stages in the life cycle are determined, the strategy implications are not always obvious.
Therefore, on the whole, I would like to conclude that a company should be aware of the life cycle stages of each product it is responsible for. The company should also predict on how long the product is expected to linger in that stage. Such thinking is very important for setting up strategies such as let say, if the product is expected to remain the maturity stage for a long time; a replacement product might be introduced later in the maturity stage. On the other hand, if the maturity stage is expected to be short, however, a new product should be introduced much earlier.
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domain: economics


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NSU Research Contributions
Title : An efficient model reduction strategy for discrete-time index-2 descriptor control systems
Authors : Sufi Galib Omar, Mohammad-Sahadet Hossain,Ekram Hossain Khan, Aniqa Tahsin
Abstract : In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for model reduction of discrete-time index-2 descriptor systems arising in context of linear time invariant (LTI) control and stability of descriptor systems. We propose a Smith-based iterative method for the model order reduction (MOR) strategy which consists of two stages. In the first stage, we reformulate the descriptor system into a generalized system by manipulating its system structure. Once the reformulated generalized system is obtained, it is amenable to a balanced truncation-based model order reduction strategy. The second stage of our work focuses on solving the generalized discrete-time algebraic Lyapunov equations (DALES) associated with the generalized system. Smith iterations are implemented to compute the solutions to these Lyapunov equations. Results from various numerical simulations are included to corroborate the high performance and accuracy of the proposed algorithms.
|Journal :||Volume :||Year : 2019||Issue :|
|Pages :||City :||Edition :||Editors :|
|Publisher : IEEE||ISBN :||Book :||Chapter :|
|Proceeding Title : In 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE).||Institution :||Issuer :||Number :|

domain: literature


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Repeating Shapes, GeomeTricks Fractals Book 1 (PDF)
With this book, you will start with simple shapes and use them to make self-replicating tiles, interlocking fractal tiles, and the famous Sierpinksi Triangle and Pythagorean Trees. All geometry is created in SketchUp Make 2014 - a free, easy-to-use 3D modeling application.
For both Mac and PC users. View chapter details.
Printable PDF format, 8.5" x 11", 55 pages; download info will be sent within one business day.
This book is also available (for SketchUp 7) in print.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Teachers: We welcome school purchase orders! See our Contact page. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

domain: hobby


Glencoe may place infrastructure referendum on November ballot
Glencoe Village President Scott has suggested the village place an infrastructure referendum ballot question on the Nov. 6 ballot. file photo
Glencoe’s $7.85 million list:
• Flood control projects: $4 million
• Local street resurfacing: $2 million
• Sanitary sewer upgrades: $800,000
• Sidewalks: $200,000
• Fire engine replacement: $450,000
• Village Hall heating/cooling: $400,000
Updated: July 2, 2012 9:27AM
The Glencoe Village Board is likely to ask voters to approve an infrastructure referendum, and is likely to ask soon.
November’s national election doesn’t scare Village President Scott Feldman, though big turnouts can bring wild cards, especially in a conservative community like Glencoe, in a period when the nation is flirting with recession.
But with risk, there may be reward. The upside of a quicker vote is, Feldman noted, a chance to take advantage of very low interest rates.
“I don’t think that we should be at all afraid of the November election,” he said at a May 17 Village Board meeting. “We never really have a problem in this community with infrastructure improvements, road improvements, the kind of capital costs that we’re talking about here.”
The Boards Finance Committee head, Bruce Cowans, backed him up, and nobody else on the board argued.
If a referendum is to go on the November 6 ballot, the decision has to be made by Aug. 20.
Village Finance Director David Clark put together a $7.85 million list, including $4 million for flood control projects; $2 million for local street resurfacing; $800,000 for sanitary sewer upgrades; and $450,000 for a fire engine replacement.
“This list is a good list,” Cowans said. “No empire building here. Just things we already have that are due for replacement.”
The items on the list aren’t set in stone, at least not yet. Feldman grumbled a bit about the fire truck, noting that another new rig was just delivered about a year ago.
The Board seemed agreed last month on the biggest expenditure, flood control for the areas around Greenwood and Oakdale avenues and Harbor Street/Linden Lane. A consultant had previously estimated costs of relief projects at $3.8 million.
The Board hasn’t yet talked about the lower-priority possible Elm Place-area project that was also studied. Elm Place resident Robert Stein, complaining about flooding in his neighborhood, asked if he and his neighbors were out of luck.
Not necessarily, officials said, but there was considerably less bang for the buck in his area: the preferred Elm project would cost $500,000, and only bring significant relief in “5-year” storms. Anything worse, not much difference, according to Engineering Resource Associates, Inc., and most of the Elm flooding reportedly doesn’t get into basements. A 10-year storm would need another $370,000 in work, the firm had estimated.
If the board is to seriously consider an Elm Place project before setting a referendum, however, it doesn’t have much time, since the panel meets monthly.
A referendum add-on that’s more likely is one that wouldn’t cost money, but save it.
The Board asked Clark to look into refinancing old non-referendum bonds, which would probably require a separate ballot question.


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As we were going out we grabbed a quick sandwich beforehand, and on our return we cooked this. No need to stop at the fish and chip shop on the way home!
Here's our pork stir fry recipe. It may stop you heading for the take away too. This plateful comes to around 300 calories - here's our recipe:
Ingredients (serves 2)
300g tenderloin of pork
small piece of fresh ginger
stir fry sauce
1 pack of stir fry vegetables
1 pack of bean sprouts
MARINATE the pork. Slice pork into rounds, place in the mixture of stir fry (or hoisin) and soy sauce. Leave for at least half an hour.
Chop the ginger and garlic and slowly cook in the oil in the pan. Do not let the garlic go brown or it will be bitter. This should take just a few minutes - and will flavour the oil. REMOVE the garlic and ginger from the pan and discard.
Turn up the heat to as high as you can go and stir fry the pork. The length of cooking time will depend upon the thickness of the pork.
Remove pork and set aside to rest while you cook the stir fry vegetables. Cook for a few minutes - adding a little extra soy sauce then add back the pork. Give everything a good mix.
ADD some cooked egg noodles to bulk out your meal and fill you up! We had already eaten some sandwiches before we went out, so were not that hungry this time.
Losing weight eating the food we love!
REMEMBER: We all have a calorie allowance - and we like to post our main meals to show you what we are eating. You won’t find us posting every last morsel though – but we hope this gives you an idea of how far calories can go!
Read about the UNIQUE METHOD of weight loss and find out how we have lost weight eating the food we love.
Copyright © forgetdietingforever 2013, all rights reserved.

domain: food


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Royal Canin Dry Dog Food German Shepherd is specially formulated with all the nutritional needs of your adult dog in mind. ROYAL CANIN German Shepherd Adult contributes to supporting optimal digestive health. This is thanks to the inclusion of highly digestible L.I.P. proteins and a selection of specific fibres that limit intestinal fermentation and simultaneously help to maintain a good balance of intestinal flora. ROYAL CANIN German Shepherd Adult helps to support the skin's barrier role with a specific complex. It also contains the omega-3 fatty acids EPA & DHA. These nutrients help to nourish and support your dog's healthy skin and coat. The German Shepherd is known for its lively temperament and high level of activity participation. This means a diet containing nutrients that support joint health can help maintain this breed's high activity levels. This is the reason that ROYAL CANIN German Shepherd Adult is enriched with specific nutrients to help support healthy bones and joints. What's more, this formula also contributes to the maintenance of a healthy weight.
rice, dehydrated poultry protein, animal fats, vegetable protein isolate*, maize flour, hydrolysed animal proteins, vegetable fibres, minerals, beet pulp, soya oil, fish oil, copra oil, hydrolysed yeast (source of manno-oligo-saccharides), hydrolysed crustaceans (source of glucosamine), marigold extract (source of lutein), hydrolysed cartilage (source of chondroitin).
This item is available for delivery Australia wide, and available for local pickup

domain: pet


The next Australian Government must fix the national truck laws – and save families more than $400 per year, the CEO of the Australian Trucking Association, Ben Maguire, said today.
Mr Maguire was releasing a new report from Deloitte Access Economics about the economic benefits of improved regulation in the Australian trucking industry.
“In the eastern states and South Australia, trucking operators are regulated by the Heavy Vehicle National Law (HVNL), which determines the trucks we can use and the access permissions that are required,” Mr Maguire said.
“In 2011, it was predicted that the law would deliver up to $12.4 billion in economic benefits.
“This devastating independent report shows that the law has failed. It shows that the productivity of the transport, postal and warehousing sector has fallen every year since the law came into force in 2014.
“We need the next Australian Government to support measures to improve the industry’s productivity, including:
- streamlining the issue of road access permits
- establishing an external, independent review process for access applications
- linking road funding to improving access for high productivity trucks.
“The benefits of these reforms would be considerable. According to the report, fixing the law would:
- save the trucking industry $1.8 billion a year by 2050
- reduce vehicle operating costs by 3.7 per cent
- reduce the costs of Australian industries by $900 million a year
- save a typical Australian household more than $400 per year on their everyday household purchases.
“The next Australian Government must press on with the current review of the HVNL and the Productivity Commission review of the economic impact of the COAG national transport reforms.
“There needs to be substantial reform, not just tweaking or promises of future action. At the same time, however, the vital safety reforms that came into force in 2018 must be preserved,” Mr Maguire said.
The ATA commissioned the Deloitte Access Economics report to support its members in providing input to the Heavy Vehicle National Law and Productivity Commission reviews.


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In recent years the concept of neuroscience - the study of the brain and nervous system - has quickly made its way into Clinical Mental Health Counseling vernacular. In the Journal of Mental Health Counseling, references to neuroscience have increased nearly threefold since 2009 as compared to the five years prior. Assisting clinical mental health counselors in developing a deeper understanding of neuroscience can enhance both clinical effectiveness and long-term outcomes. This clinical practice brief provides an introduction and initial discussion regarding the significance and application of neuroscience to clinical mental health counseling.
Citation: Jones, L.K. (2015). Thriving in a New Era of Neuroscience: Understanding How Brain Science Can Inform Clinical Practice, Alexandria, VA: American Mental Health Counselors Association.
© 2024 American Mental Health Counselors Association. All rights reserved.


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This month’s freebie is a pack of 5 high resolution digital papers with cute hand drawn patterns. These are great for all kinds of creative projects, such as card making, scrapbooks, gift wrapping, gift tags, stationery…You can print them out or use in digital projects. The possibilities are endless! Scroll down for the download link to a .zip file.
These are for personal use only. Please do not repackage, resell, share these papers “as is“, or claim you made them. Thank you and happy crafting!

domain: artistic


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Co-President: Hayley Barton ’24
Hayley is a 2L from Nevada City, California. She graduated from UCLA in 2019, where she majored in Psychology and double minored in Theater and Environmental Systems and Society. Prior to law school, she had the opportunity to work as a teacher in Thailand. As a 1L, Hayley became involved with the Environmental Law Review, Scales of Justice A Capella, and Parody. This fall she looks forward to working with the Environmental Law and Policy Clinic as well. This past summer she interned with Just Atonement, working on the intersection of climate change and human rights. Hayley’s hobbies include anything outdoors, including skiing, hiking, scuba diving, and surfing, as well anything music and theater related!
Co-President: Kipper Berven, ’24
Kipper (he/him) is a 2L from San Francisco, California. He stayed in the Bay Area for college, graduating from UC Berkeley in 2020 with degrees in Environmental Science and Environmental Economics and Policy. Before starting law school, Kipper travelled to 18 different National Parks in a converted campervan while remotely interning with environmental nonprofits and tutoring the LSAT. As a 1L, Kipper participated with EELP, HELR, the Mississippi Delta Project, Law Students for Climate Accountability, and the Harvard Climate Internship Program. This fall he looks forward to the Environmental Law Clinic. In his free time, Kipper loves being outside: backpacking, surfing, biking, or just stringing up a slackline and throwing a frisbee in the park. This summer he interned with the New York State Office of the Attorney General’s Environmental Protection Bureau.
Vice President: Dolly Bai ’24
Dolly is a 2L originally from Beijing, China. She grew up in southern California and graduated from Williams College in 2018, where she majored in Philosophy and Economics. Between college and law school, she worked at NERA Economic Consulting in the NYC antitrust group. At HLS, Dolly is involved with the Environmental Law Review, EELP, and APALSA. She spent her 1L summer at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in the Office of Enforcement. She likes to climb, hike, ski, and bake.
Treasurer: Ben Rolsma ’24
Community Outreach Co-Director: Noelle Musolino ’24
Community Outreach Co-Director: Brandon Deutsch ’24
Brandon is a 2L from Long Beach, California. He graduated in 2020 from UC Berkeley, where he studied Economics and was a member of Camp Kesem. Immediately before law school, he worked for a plaintiff’s side law firm and was a freelance tutor. As a 1L, he was involved with EELP, HELR, and will be a part of the Emmett Environmental Law and Policy Clinic this upcoming fall. He spent his 1L summer working for the California Attorney General in the Natural Resources Law section.
External Outreach Co-Director: Sheila Panyam ’24
Sheila Panyam is a 2L from Portland, Oregon. She studied philosophy at the University of Washington where she took classes on the ethics of climate change. Now in law school, she is interested in the intersectionality between climate law and asylum law, and hopes to one day draft our nation’s climate asylum policy. Sheila serves as an article editor on the Harvard Environmental Law Review and competes on the mock trial team. In her spare time, Sheila likes to play the electric guitar, work on her novel, and hike in the picturesque Pacific Northwest. Her favorite plant is the monkey puzzle tree.
External Outreach Co-Director: Olivia den Dulk ’24
Olivia den Dulk is a 2L from Grand Rapids, Michigan. She graduated from Calvin University in 2020 with majors in Environmental Studies and International Relations, and prior to law school she worked to reduce waste and promote recycling through producer responsibility at the Product Stewardship Institute. At school, Olivia is involved with Advocates for Human Rights, the Environmental Law Review, and will be part of the Immigration and Refugee Clinic this fall. She spent her 1L summer at the Clean Air Task Force. Outside of school, she loves to run, hike, and do pottery.
Communications Director: Michaela Morris ’24
Michaela Morris is a 2L from Seabrook, NH. She spent two years between college and law school working as an Oceans Associate for Environment America, where she directed a campaign to save endangered North Atlantic right whales. At HLS, she works as a research assistant for the Environment & Energy Law Program and serves as a managing editor for the Environmental Law Review. She spent her 1L summer at the Massachusetts’ Office of the Attorney General in the Energy & Telecommunications Division. In her free time, she enjoys reading, skiing, running, and spending time outside.

domain: law


text:
Free, pet City, free, dream PetHouse, free, dungeon Hunter 4, free, discover all, related Searches.
Similar apps, rescue Reef, free, slayin.99, pet Shop Storyâ.
I worked with a team of designers and developers to recreate a more user-friendly interface for children and tweens with a very short timeline.
Summary: Animal Planet Wildlands is a fun and educational 3D animal exploration and adventure game for kids of all ages.If you continue browsing, you are considered to have accepted such use.Types, objectives, audiences, features, copyright softonic international.A.The key areas I worked on were the dock interface, card library, achievements, quests, area maps, products, featured products and iPhone comps.Stunning 3D Environment, explores the Serengeti ecosystem of Africa from the oasis, plains, woodlands to volcanoes.Wildlands Map, allows children to track their location in the Serengeti.
Role, associate Creative Director, company, sabertooth Interactive, technology iOS, Unity.
To expand your range of animals collect a set of 60 unique physical and/or virtual trading cards called nuko, each of which contains a beautiful picture of an exotic animal, such as a Lion, Okapi, or Gorilla, in its native environment.Negative: 0 out.What you should know about Animal Planet Wildlands app.Tiny Tower - Free City Building.5 free, the Tribez - Build a Village.1 free, pixel People.3 free, see more.2015 - All rights reserved We use own and third party cookies to improve our services and your experience.Nuko can also be collected virtually from the in-game store.Featuring physical nuko cards with THE magical tapcollect and play with physical nuko.Earn money, lame, don't waste your time with this crap badminton game windows xp game, authors description, discover more like Animal Planet Wildlands.To expand your range of animals collect a set of 60 unique physical and/or virtual tradingAnimal Planet Wildlands is a fun and educational 3D animal exploration and adventure game for kids of all ages.

domain: game


text:
Using TinkerCad and Thingiverse to design and create we have seen some amazing models, with Minecraft being a common theme amongst a dedicated group of year 8 learners who have set up their own roster system for using the printer.
I love watching young people engage in the design process and the self-directed learning it creates. Following the work of Dr Gary Stager, I have always been an advocate for young people learning through creation and the ‘trail & error’ learning that happens when young people are self-motivated. Having 3D printing as an extra curricular activity also allows these learners to explore mathematics, science, technology and art at their own pace and against their own interest.
One of the most rewarding experiences was helping a young Wiltja student from the Indigenous community of Yalta (1000km west of Adelaide) create a personalised, 3D printed mug. Watching this young person learn a new skill, which they developed and applied in a short space of time was really exciting and then too see how proud they were of the finish product reinforces everything I love about helping young people access innovative technologies.
If you would like to learn more about 3D Printing and start making your own designs visit:
www.thingiverse.com and www.tinkercad.com
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|The Design of Composite Materials and Structures
What is a composite material?
A composite material is a material in which two or more distinct materials are combined together but remain uniquely identifiable in the mixture. The most common example is, perhaps, fibreglass, in which glass fibres are mixed with a polymeric resin. If one were to cut the fibreglass and, after suitable preparation of the surface, look at the material, the glass fibres and polymer resin would be easy to distinguish. This is not the same as making an alloy by mixing two distinct materials together where the individual components become indistinguishable. An example of an alloy that most people are familiar with is brass, which is made from a mixture of copper and zinc. After making the brass by melting the copper and zinc together and solidifying the resultant mixture, it is impossible to distinguish either between or where the atoms of copper and zinc are. There are many composite materials and while we may be aware of some, such a fibreglass and carbon epoxy, there are many others ranging from the mundane, reinforced concrete ( a mixture of steel rod and concrete (itself a composite of rock particles and cement), pneumatic tyres ( steel wires in vulcanised rubber), many cheap plastic moldings (polyurethane resin filled with ceramic particles such as chalk and talc) to the exotic metal matrix composites used in the space program (metallic titanium alloys reinforced with SiC ceramic fibres), and your automobile, such as engine pistons (aluminium alloys filled with fibrous alumina) and brake discs (aluminum alloys loaded with wear resistant SiC particles). Regardless of the actual composite, the two [or more] constituent materials that make up the composite are always readily distinguished when the material is sectioned or broken.
Is it possible to design a composite material?
Obviously the answer to that question is "Yes"! First, we must identify the numerous materials related variables that contribute to the mechanical and physical properties of the composite material. Secondly, the appropriate physical and mathematical models that describe how the properties of the individual components of the composite are combined to produce the properties of the composite material itself must be derived. So, "Yes", it is possible to design a composite material such that it has the attributes desired for a specific application. Those attributes might be as simple has having a specified stiffness and strength, a desired thermal conductivity, or have a minimum specified stiffness at the cheapest possible cost per unit volume. Whatever the specifications it should be possible to design a suitable composite material. As in all design processes, it may not be possible to meet all the specifications exactly and compromise and trade offs will be required, but by understanding the physical origin of the required properties and developing an appropriate mathematical description, a suitable composite can be designed. We should also keep in mind that there may be an exisitng conventional material that is more suitable for the application than a composite. So the composite must offer a specific advantage in terms of cost or performance than conventional alternatives. It is one of the goals of this resource to show you the logical steps needed to implement the design process.
How do we get started?
Perhaps the easiest way to demonstrate how the design process required to develop a composite material is implemented is to start with a familiar composite material and examine just what factors control its properties. So I will start by asking a simple question, "How strong is a piece of fibreglass?” As you should be aware, there is no single answer to that question and one might be tempted to reply, "How strong do you want it to be?”
The amount of load that it takes to break a piece of fibre glass depends on the size of the piece of fibreglass, its thickness, width and length, whether we are simply pulling it in tension, compressing it, or bending it. It also depends on what the fibreglass is made of. There are many types of glass and many different polymeric resins that are used to make fibreglass. There are also many different ways in which the glass can be combined into the resin, for example, are the fibres all aligned in the same direction, are the fibres woven into a cloth, what type of cloth, are the fibres aligned at random, and are the fibres long or short? Then, if the fibres are oriented, at what angle relative to the fibres, is the fibreglass being loaded? Finally, just what is the ratio of fibres to resin and is that by volume or by weight?
By looking at the range of fibreglass products available and by seeking clarification on the structure and composition of the fibreglass we have begun to identify the micro structural variables that will control the properties of the composite. These may be summarised as
The properties of the fibre reinforcement
The properties of the matrix in which the reinforcement is placed
The amount of reinforcement in the matrix.
The orientation of the reinforcement
The size and shape of the reinforcement.
In order to get started, it is tempting to rephrase the initial question "How strong is fibreglass?" to "What is the tensile strength of fibreglass ?" thus eliminating the size and loading mode variables, or better still, "What is the tensile strength of fibreglass when all the fibres are aligned in the same direction?" Now we only need consider the mechanical properties of the glass fibres, the polymeric resin used to bind them and the relative proportions of the two. It would be relatively simple, having selected a resin and a fibre, to manufacture a number of flat plates of the composite with various ratios of fibre to resin, test them and produce a graph of tensile strength vs. volume fraction from which we could select a volume fraction of fibre that gives a composite with the required strength. However, if strength outside the range of measured strengths was required or other factors dictated a change in resin or fibre then the whole process would have to be repeated. While this approach does work, it rapidly becomes very time consuming and costly.
If we were to look at the various test materials that were made in the first trial and error experiments and observe the stress-strain behaviour up to the point of fracture we could infer that failure resulted from either a critical strain in the matrix or fibre being exceeded or a critical stress in either component being exceeded. We would also observe that for the most part, the composite behaved elastically almost to the point of failure, primarily because the glass fibres and the polymeric resin were both linear elastic solids with a brittle fracture mode, i.e., no plastic deformation. We would also note from the mechanical tests that the elastic modulus of the composite also varied with the amount of fibre added to the resin. Since we are already familiar with HookeÕs Law that defines the elastic modulus as the ratio of stress to strain, then to start answering the question "How strong is fibreglass?" we will first examine how the elastic modulus of the composite, measured parallel to the aligned fibres, varies as a function of the volume fraction of fibres.
Aligned Continuous Fibres
If the composite material is to stay in equilibrium then the force we apply to the composite as a whole, F, must be balanced by an equal and opposite force in the fibre, Ff and the matrix Fm.
When considering 'Strength of Materials' problems we usually work in terms of stress () (force per unit area) rather than force itself. So the force on the fibres is simply the stress on the fibres, f, multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the fibres lying perpendicular to the stress. The cross sectional area of the composite occupied by the fibres is just f, the volume fraction of the fibres multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the composite itself - we'll call that "A" - i.e. f.A. Similarly the force on the matrix is just the stress in the matrix multiplied the cross-sectional area of the matrix in the composite, i.e. (1-f).A . Since the cross-sectional area of the composite itself, A, is in each term on both sides of the equation we can cancel it out. So the stress in the composite is just the sum of the stresses in the fibre and the matrix multiplied by their relative cross-sectional areas.
The stress in the fibre and the stress in the matrix are not the same. Now the tricky bit!
We can now use Hooke's Law, which states that the stress (or Force) experienced by a material is proportional to the strain (or deflection). This applies as long as the stresses are low (below the elastic limit - we'll come to that soon) and the material in question is linear elastic - which is true for metals, ceramics, graphite and many polymers but not so for elastomers (rubbers).
Where E is the elastic modulus; the bigger these number the stiffer the material. For compatibility, the strain, , must be the same in both the fibres and the matrix otherwise holes would appear in the ends of the composite as we stretched it. This is known as the ISOSTRAIN RULE.
Since the fibre and matrix often have quite different elastic moduli then the stress in each must be different - in fact the stress is higher in the material with the higher elastic modulus (usually the fibre). In fibreglass, the elastic modulus of the glass (~75GPa) is much greater than that of the polyester matrix (~5GPa) so as the volume fraction of fibres is increased, the elastic modulus of the composite (measured parallel to the fibres) increases linearly.
Try selecting different types of polymer matrices or different types of fibres and see how the different elastic properties change as you increase the volume fraction of fibres. The greyed areas to the right of the graph represent fibre contents which are either difficult to achieve in practice (light grey) or just plain impossible (dark grey).
In practice it is very difficult to get more than 60% by volume of fibres which puts a practical limit on the maximum stiffness of the composite of 0.6xEf.
While the rule of mixtures has proved adequate for tensile modulus (E) in the axial direction, the isostrain rule of mixtures does not work for either the shear (G) or bulk (k) moduli. Instead, these are dependent on the phase morphology. An example of shear modulus (G) and bulk modulus (k) dependencies for an assemblage of cylindrical fibres is shown below.
What about the stiffness perpendicular to the fibres?
If we were to look down on the top of the composite or along the axis of the fibres and apply a load perpendicular to the fibre axis then the composite would respond in a very different way.
In a fibrous composite with the applied stress aligned perpendicular to the fibres, the stress is transferred to the fibres through the fibre matrix interface and both the fibre and the matrix experience the same stress If the matrix and fibre have different elastic properties then each will experience a different strain and the strain in the composite will be the volume average of the strain in each material. Since the stress is the same in each phase this is known as the ISOSTRESS rule of mixtures.
If a force is applied perpendicular to the fibres then the fibres and matrix will stretch in the same direction. The total deflection (d) is just the sum of the deflections in the fibre (df) and the matrix (dm).
Again, we can use Hooke's law to introduce the elastic modulus and since the stress is the same in both the matrix and fibre we can get the elastic modulus perpendicular to the fibres
Note that the stiffness of the composite, measured perpendicular to the fibres increases much more slowly than stiffness measured parallel to the fibres as the volume fraction of fibres is increased. Since the properties of the composite are different in different directions, the composite is anisotropic. Back to Calculator.
See also Calculation of Shear modulus and Poissons ratio in aligned fibre composites using the halpi-Tsai equations.
In all systems the equations which predict the properties of a composite breakdown at high volume fractions of reinforcement because of geometric packing limitations and the necessity for the reinforcing phase to be surrounded by the matrix in order that load can be transferred to it. There are two simple packing models which we can use to establish an upper bound for the volume fraction, a square array and a hexagonal array with circular section reinforcement.
From the two figures it is readily apparent that volume fractions higher then 90% are impossible and that even 78% fibre loading would be very difficult to achieve. In practice, the maximum volume fraction is around 60% in unidirectional aligned fibre composites. In woven materials, the total volume fraction rarely exceeds 40% in a given layer of cloth and so the effective fibre fraction in either the warp or weft directions is unlikely to exceed 20% for a plain weave, satin or harness weave fabric. For loosely packed fabrics such as chopped strand mat, the total volume fractions of fibres is unlikely to exceed 10% and are normally used to provide filler layers between the outer load bearing layers in a multilayer laminate.
Strength of Fibre Composites
We have already seen that in a simple aligned fibre composite, loaded parallel to the fibres that both the matrix and the fibre experience the same strain (amount of stretch). It would be logical therefore to expect the composite to break at the lower of the matrix fracture strain or the fibre fracture strain. There are two cases to consider, firstly, where the matrix fails first and secondly, where the fibre fails first. The former situation is common in polymer matrix composites with low strength brittle matrices such as polyesters, epoxies or bismelamides, the latter case is observed in metal matrix composites or thermoplastic polymer composites where, because of plastic deformation in the matrix, the failure strain of the fibre is the smaller value.
Matrix Fails First.
At low volume fractions of fibres, the matrix constitutes the major load bearing section and the addition of fibres gradually increases the strength as the applied load is partitioned between the fibres and the matrix. However, when the strain in the composite reaches the fracture strain of the matrix, the matrix will fail. All of the load will then transfer instantly to the fibres, which occupying such a small fraction of the sample area will see a large jump in stress and they too will fail. When the composite is deformed the elastic modulus is linear. At the strain at which the matrix is about to fracture, εm, the stress in the composite can be determined using Hookes' Law since both the fibre and the matrix are still behaving elastically, i.e.
The stress in the matrix, σm, is now equal to the matrix fracture stress, but the stress in the fibre is still much less that the fibre fracture stress - we know this because the stress in the fibre is simply calculated using Hookes' Law. What happens next, as the matrix breaks, depends on the mode of loading, either constant deflection (deflection rate) i.e. the end points of the composite are fixed or constant load (loading rate) where there is a dead weight hanging off the end of the composite. Ultimately, the distinction is irrelevant to the overall strength of the composite but affects the shape of the stress-strain curve. We will just consider the case of dead weight loading...
Before the matrix breaks, the load on the composite is
After the matrix breaks only the fibres remain to carry the load and the stress in the fibre jumps by. If this increase takes the stress in the fibre above its fracture strength then the fibres too will snap. This is most likely to happen when f, the volume fraction of fibres is small and when the strength of the matrix is large. This is called MATRIX CONTROLLED FRACTURE. However, if the jump in stress is not sufficient to break the fibres then the load can be increased until the fibres break i.e.
This is known as FIBRE CONTROLLED FRACTURE
The graph above shows how the strength of a fibreglass composite changes as the volume fraction of fibres is increased. At the low fibre fractions, the strength is controlled by the fracture of the matrix; the strength increasing as the fibres are added.
Matrix fracture strength is ~50MPa and the failure strain is 0.010.
Fibre fracture strength is ~1200MPa and the failure strain is 0.016.
Above a fibre content of 10% the fibres begin to dominate the fracture process and while the composite can sustain high stresses, structural integrity would be lost when the matrix fractures because the composite would be full of cracks if loaded to its ultimate tensile strength. The effective strength of the composite is given by the (lower) matrix controlled strength. Even so, for a fibre loading of 40% the strength of the composite would be 330MPa; a very respectable 560% increase over the strength of the matrix alone.
This type of behaviour is typical of the composites used in sailboard components, such as boards, masts, fins and nowadays booms (glass-epoxy or graphite-epoxy).
Strength of Aligned Continuous Fibre Composites
Fibres Fail First
We shall now consider the case where the matrix is ductile and the elastic strain to fracture in the fibres is less than the elastic/plastic extension of the matrix as would occur in fibre reinforced metal matrix composites or thermoplastic matrix composites. At low volume fractions of fibres, the chain of events is analogous to the case where the matrix fails first in that the fibres will break and the load will transfer to the matrix which, having a reduced cross-section, will see a sudden jump in stress. Again, what happens next depends on the magnitude of the increase in the stress in the matrix - will it fracture or won't it? The stress on the composite at the point of fibre fracture (σf) is
The force on the composite is just the product of the stress and the cross-sectional area, so the stress on the matrix after the fibres break is
So the stress on the matrix increases by . If the rise in stress is not sufficient to fracture the matrix then it will continue to support the applied load. Thus the fracture strength of the composite will be given by
where σm is the ultimate tensile strength of the matrix; i.e. the addition of fibres leads to a reduction in the strength of the composite to levels below that of the unreinforced matrix. Fortunately, as the fibre volume fraction increases, the fibres carry more of the applied load. When the fibres break, the load transferred to the matrix is large and the much reduced cross-sectional area of the matrix will be unable to support the load and the matrix too will fail. The strength of the composite, like the previous example, is determined by the strength of the fibres i.e.
We can plainly see that the tensile strength of a composite in which the fibres fail at a lower strain that the matrix initially decreases below that of the matrix alone, reaches a minimum and thereafter increase. There is, therefore, a minimum volume fraction, fmin, of fibres that must be added in order for the composite to have a strength at least equal to that of the matrix alone, i.e.
In the example shown above, where glass fibres are used to reinforce a polyAmide matrix, fmin is around 9%.
Matrix Modulus (Em) = 5GPa; Tensile Strength (m) = 120 MPa; strain at yield = 0.024; strain at fracture (m) = 0.1.
matrix(f) is the stress in the matrix at the strain at which the fibres break.
Fibre modulus (Ef) = 75GPa; Tensile Strength (f) = 800MPa; strain at failure (f) = 0.01
The strength is calculated at the lower strain of
the fibre fractures, or
the (ductile) matrix yields, or
the (brittle) matrix fractures.
So far we have only considered the strength of the composite when loaded in a direction parallel to the fibres. However, if the composite is loaded in a direction perpendicular to the fibres then a different set of rules apply - just one of the problems associated with analysing anisotropic materials.
We should recall, that when loaded in the transverse direction, both the fibres and the matrix experience the same stress - so to determine what the strength is we need only look at the weakest link in the composite. Of the two materials that make up the composite, the matrix is invariably the weaker material and so fracture will occur when the stress reaches the matrix fracture stress - or will it? Up to now we have assumed that the join between the matrix and the fibre is perfect and will transmit all the load applied to it. A great deal of effort goes into the engineering of the fibre matrix interface either to make it strong or to deliberately weaken it, depending on the application. We will discuss the fibre matrix interface in a latter class but for now it is safe to assume that the interface is always the weakest link, therefore err on the safe side and set the transverse strength to some fraction of the matrix strength - the exact value can be determined most easily by experiment.
Effect of Orientation on Stiffness
This means that we are now going to look at the effect of loading a composite in a direction that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the fibres. This section is also going to be a bit heavy on the maths with Tensors and Matrix Algebra. A complete description of this next section can be found in any text on mechanics of composites . If this is somewhat daunting then it's probably best to jump right to the calculator We should be familiar with the tensor representation of the stress-strain relationships which define elastic behaviour. The stiffness matrix, Q, for plane stress is given by the matrix shown below, where is Poisson's ratio representing a strain in the '2' direction resulting from a load applied in the '1' direction, i.e. ; similarly . '1' and '2' are at right angles in the eplane of the composite, '3' is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet - since there won't be any stresses applied perpendicular to the plane of the sheet we are going to ignore the '3' direction completely.
When considering fibre reinforced composites we generally deal with thin sheets or plys. In this case plane stress is assumed and therefore there are no through thickness stresses, i.e. . However we must remember that the composite is not isotropic and thus E11 and E22 are not the same.
Next we shall introduce the compliance matrix S, which is the inverse of the stiffness matrix Q and enables the calculation of strain given a system of applied stresses. Note that the compliance matrix S is much simpler than the stiffness matrix Q. Both matrices are symmetrical about the diagonal.
Below we define the principal axes of the composite and the corresponding elastic constants. We defined the parallel (E11)and transverse (E22) elastic moduli in Class 1. G21 is the shear modulus and relates the shear stress to the shear strain.
Next we define the rotation from the special '1-2' co-ordinate system that is aligned with the fibres to a more general 'x-y' co-ordinate system that is aligned with the direction of loading. is the angle between the two.
If the composite is tested at an angle to the fibre orientation then the elastic properties in the general directions 'x-y' (parallel and perpendicular to the testing direction) can be determined in terms of the 'special orthotropic' properties as follows.
1. Translate the strains from the general 'x-y' orientation (the loading directions) to the orthotropic '1-2' orientation. Note that we will need to rewrite the strain tensor in terms of engineering strain not tensor strain - the engineering shear strain is 2 x the tensor shear strain.
The matrices R (R.Tensor Strain = Engineering Strain) and T, the tensor rotation matrix are defined as
2. Since , we can write the orthogonal stresses in the 1-2 orientation in terms of the special orthogonal elastic properties, Q and the engineering strains in the x-y directions (parallel and perpendicular to the applied loads.
3. All that remains is to rotate the special 1-2 stress tensor into the general x-y orientation.
4. Now, all the matrix terms T,Q and R can be collected together in a single matrix, which represents the elastic properties of the composite at an arbitrary angle to the fibres.
So much for theory - let’s see how its works in practice...
Effect of Fibre Orientation on the Strength of Aligned Continuous Fibre Composites
When considering the effect of fibre orientation on the strength of a composite material made up of continuous aligned fibres embedded in a matrix, it should be recognised that there are 3 possible modes of failure...
Tensile fracture parallel to the fibres (whether the fibres fail or the matrix fails will depend on the particular combination of fibre and matrix materials as well as the volume fraction of fibres),
Shear failure of the matrix as a result of a large shear stress acting parallel to the fibres ,
Tensile failure of the matrix or fibre/matrix interface when stressed perpendicular to the fibres.
We have already determined suitable expressions for the strength of a composite when tested parallel to the fibres, We'll call this strength X. We also know the tensile strength of the matrix material which we'll call Y. The shear strength of the matrix can be determined using the Tresca criteria and is simply Y/2. In order to examine the effect of orientation on strength we need to make use of Mohr's Circle to establish the state of stress aligned parallel and perpendicular to the fibres and then to equate these stresses with the appropriate failure stress of the composite in each those directions.
For failure to occur, the applied stress must be increase until either
These equations are plotted out below and since failure is a "weakest link" phenomenon, fracture will occur at whichever criterion is reached first and so the mechanism of failure changes from tensile failure of the fibres to shear of the matrix to tensile failure of the matrix as the fibre angle is increased from 0 to 90°.
Failure under Mutliaxial Stress States (Plane Stress) - Tsai-Hill
When two mutually perpendicular stresses and/or a shear stress is applied to the composite we need to be able to define a failure criterion. Tsai and Hill have established a suitable fracture criteria based on maximum strain energy, rather than considering stress and strain. This maximum strain energy approach allows us to ignore the fact that failure can occur because either a stress has exceeded a critical value (e.g. the stress resolved perpendicular to the fibres has exceeded the tensile strength of the matrix) or the strain has exceeded a particular value (e.g. the strain resolved parallel to the fibres has exceeded the fibre fracture strain). The Tsai-Hill maximum strain energy formulation is:-
Which we can see for the case of a uniaxial stress applied
Parallel to the fibres ,
Perpendicular to the fibres ,


Right now Paul Krugman and other leftist “economists” are feverishly compiling a way to absolve Barack Obama of responsibility, and dump it on Trump, the GOP and the election…
Growth of U.S. economy. pic.twitter.com/AtMFZpVaXH
— Fox News (@FoxNews) January 27, 2017
Market Watch: GDP shows economy slows to 1.9% growth
Gross domestic product, the official score card for the economy, expanded at a 1.9% annual clip from October to December, the Commerce Department said. That’s a marked drop from a 3.5% growth rate in the third quarter and below the 2.2% MarketWatch-compiled consensus.
In early trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, -0.10% was little changed. The Dow finished at a record high Thursday, however, and is now up 25% over the last 52 weeks.
For the full year, the U.S. grew just 1.6%, compared with its 2.6% clip in 2015. It was the weakest performance since 2011. The last time the U.S. topped 3% growth — the historical average is 3.3% — was in 2005.
President Donald Trump has vowed to push the economy into higher gear with an aggressive combination of tax cuts, reduced regulations and more government spending on public works. Yet economists say it will take time before the U.S. reaps any benefits.
Most predict the economy will grow around 2% or a bit faster in 2017. If Trump’s approach works, the payoff is unlikely to come until the end of the year or early 2018, they say.


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During the owners meetings recently, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell all but confirmed that the move of the draft date would eventually happen, we just didn’t have a date. Until now….
Yesterday, the NFL announced that the 2014 NFL draft would be moved from April to May 8th-10th because of a scheduling conflict with an Easter show at Radio City Music Hall.
The move would make the NFL draft on the same weekend as THE PLAYERS golf tournament, but seeing as how a golf tournament is played during the day and the first two days of the draft are at night, there shouldn’t be an issue until Saturday. And even on Saturday, most of us don’t watch the later rounds of the NFL draft so it won’t kill you to switch back and forth from golf to the draft, anyway.
While it’s not yet official if the draft will continue to be held on these same dates after 2014, the league said in a statement “a variety of alternatives are being explored, teams were told, including holding the draft at Radio City or at other locations, either in the New York area or in other cities”.
With this idiotic change on Radio City Music Hall’s part (when do you ever hear RCMH mentioned across the country if it wasn’t for the NFL draft?) but the change would not affect the combine (2/18-2/25), the start of free agency (3/11) or the league’s annual meetings (3/23-3/26).
While this does leave time for the league to stretch out airtime during a boring April, I wouldn’t put it past the league to explore moving the draft around to different cities and shopping other venues that will surely be happy to host an event that beats out the World Series in ratings.

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Embroidery is a wonderful way to make affordable and personalized gifts. I figured that this would be a great project for my high school embroidery class. My grandmother had embroidered 2 pillow cases with my name on it when I … Continue reading
I covered two large Euro shams today from an old vintage table cloth. I bought this table cloth for $10 at a flea mart in Massachusetts almost 10 years ago. I just loved it, but I decided that I would get … Continue reading
I am always losing my pen or pencil, so I have designed this fabric bookmark that is both cute and practical. It holds your place and your pen!!! Use a coordinating fabric to your covered journal and it will … Continue reading
This adorable lined tote bag is easy to make and only requires 1 yard of fabric. Are you ready to get started? You will just need a 1/2 yard of a canvas fabric, 1/2 yard of a cotton type for the lining, … Continue reading
After teaching my Home EC Girls how to sew last spring, they were all excited to start working on some projects. I was very impressed with the girls improvement and attention to detail as we worked on three projects during … Continue reading
As a homeschool family, we love lapbooks. For those who have never heard of a lapbook, they are basically mini learning scrapbooks. You just take the information that you are learning (math, science, etc) and put it all into a … Continue reading
This is an easy tutorial for a journal cover made from your favorite fabrics. 1. You will need a piece of fabric and fusable fleece (or interfacing) that is 30 X 13. I prefer to cut my fleece 29X12 to … Continue reading
Welcome to my blog, dedicated to inspiring girls of all ages to get crafty! I love all things HOME EC and I hope that you will come often, find ideas and get busy! Thanks for stopping by!

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General Order 20-18 can be viewed here.
You are here
News & Announcements: Jun 2020
Check this page, or the News and Announcements box on the homepage, for the latest official news and announcements released by the court. You can also access archived news and announcements from this page.
June 30, 2020
General Order 20-18 In re: Court Operations under the Exigent Circumstances created by the Novel Coronavirus and Associated Disease (COVID-19)
June 25, 2020
General Order 20-17 In re: Video Teleconferencing or Telephone Conferencing of Certain Criminal Proceedings under the CARES Act
General Order 20-17 can be viewed here.
June 16, 2020
For more information, click here to view General Order 20-16.
June 5, 2020
To view the public notice, please click here.


This Flash is not a fleet-footed tights-wearing superhero. It is, or was, a publication, though saying it was about superheros would not be wrong. The Flash‘s banner reads “A publication of the 78th (Lightning) Infantry Division Veterans Association dedicated to the preservation of the friendships established in 2 world wars”. The association is disbanding. There just aren’t that many friendships to preserve anymore.
There were 1542 members at last count; 1011 veterans and 531 associates. I was one of the associates. My dad had been a member. After his death in 2011,
I wrote to arrange my own associate membership and was warned that the association might only continue another year or so. It lasted for a bit more than two. The note that cautioned me about the possible end of the association mentioned a couple of reasons. One was obvious. At that time, according to the Department of Veterans Affairs, an average of 670 World War II veterans were dying every day. Another, though related, might not be so obvious. Veterans in the association ranged in age from 85 to 95. They remained very much in control of their association but recognized that increases in age are often accompanied by decreases in faculties. In the words of that note, “They want to decide what to do before they are no longer able to do that.” Just one more example of how “The Greatest Generation” doesn’t want to have someone else finish their business for them.
Dad never attended any of the reunions or other gatherings of the association but he “read” every copy of The Flash. Starting in the mid-1990s, I would bring home the issues he was done with and “read” them, too. We both went through the pages the way one does with a newspaper, scanning the headlines until something caught our eye. For Dad, it would probably be a place or a name he remembered. Increasingly, when he recognized a name it would be in an obituary or the “Taps” column. I looked for anything related to the 309 Field Artillery Battalion, Dad’s unit, but finding something was fairly rare. Mostly what I read were the remembrances that veterans or, as was also increasing the case, surviving family members, sent in. Sometimes it was a quickly written and possibly even jumbled memory of a single incident. Other times it was a longer memoir. Some were organized and well written, others not so much. But all were interesting. All were glimpses of real history that I felt privileged to read.
The Flash was not a glossy magazine. It was printed on newspaper like stock in black and white with just a touch of red on the front and back covers. It was well organized but not overly edited. Pretty much everything members sent in appeared in print. Even the last issue includes change of address letters mixed in with the obituaries, reports on recent happenings, requests for information on events of 70 years ago, and those remembrances that I look for. It was published quarterly although the final issue came out more than a year after the previous one. The June 2012 issue announced the planned dissolution and spoke of one more issue. When the end of 2012 came and went, I figured that was probably not to be. When the final issue did arrive, I was glad to see it and sad to read that this time it was — officially — for real.
The final issue reported on the 68th Jonah Edward Kelley Award ceremony that took place in Keyser, West Virginia, in April. Kelley was the 78th’s only Congressional Medal of Honor recipient and the Veterans Association has annually given the award and a $6000 scholarship to a graduating senior at his former high school. The Association’s remaining funds are being transferred to the Ed Kelley Scholarship Trust so that this practice can continue.
The Association’s website will also continue. There is an active group of 78th reenactors and two members of that group have taken on the work and expense of keeping the website, which includes a message board, alive at www.78thdivision.org, the same address it has always had. The website for the 78th Infantry Division WWII Living History Association is at www.78thinfantry.com.


Is my smart assistant always listening to me? This is more of a fear than a query for many. Manufacturers usually brand their smart speakers as "Always Listening", without bothering to explain what it exactly means. While they surely aren't listening to your confidential talks, there have been enough instances of unauthorized access as well.
This creates a discomfort among people which a new open-source hardware project plans to erase. Named Project Alias, it is an always-listening speaker that promises to keep Amazon and Google’s smart assistants from listening into your conversations when they shouldn’t be.
Alias is composed of a 3D-printed top layer, a Raspberry Pi, a stereo speaker, and a mic array. It fits on the top of an Amazon Echo or Google Home where it looks like a mass of melted candle wax. After the initial setup process, the device will play a continuous stream of white noise at your smart speaker to keep it from listening to your conversations. Not even "OK Google" or "Alexa" hotwords will reach the ears of your speaker.
Instead you can set up a new hotword for Alias. When it hears that wake word, it’ll stop broadcasting the white noise and whisper “Alexa” or “OK Google” to wake them up. You are now good to use them as normal.
While Google and Amazon let you to keep their devices on mute while holding a private conversation, Alias is designed to give you the benefit of being able to reach them hands-free when you want to. Also, it lets you set a custom hotword, which is a nice bonus feature. However, it cannot protect your voice data once it is sent to the cloud.
Project Alias is a Raspberry Pi project and hence is a DIY thing. Also, the project is experimental and still in development, so even the code isn’t a finished product yet. You can find more info about it at Instrutables and GitHub.


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It takes more than losing weight to feel healthy, look healthy and stay healthy.
With information coming at us from all sides, we all have our pick of diets and lifestyle choices. Whether it suits us and how long we will stick to any given plan is another matter altogether. That’s why I like the paleo method, simply because it’s a sustainable lifestyle, not just a diet. I started experimenting with this way of eating about four years ago, and found that after awhile I felt lighter and leaner, despite being in my 40s. Paleo eating has helped me be more mindful of what I ingest, more satisfied with my food choices and less bloated, too.
Paleo advocates replacing processed flours, refined sugars and oils with nut flours, natural sweeteners (like dates, honey and/or coconut palm sugar) and coconut oil. The focus is on putting maximum nutrition in your body and reducing the intake of harmful toxins.
Paleo eating doesn’t call for a count of every calorie you take in or require completely giving up on carbohydrates. Paleo is all about diverting from the kinds of processed, chemically boosted foods that are so readily available these days, to more natural, whole foods instead.
Some of the purported benefits to following a Paleo lifestyle are increased energy; greater stamina; clearer, smoother skin; weight loss; better performance and recovery; stronger immune system; enhanced libido; greater mental clarity; reduced cravings; and thicker, fuller hair.
In her book The Paleo Approach, Sarah Ballantyne talks about how the Paleo diet improved her own health and helped her heal from IBS, asthma, anxiety, and migraines. She details how the Paleo approach can address the root causes of auto-immune diseases.
Despite the benefits, there are a few wrinkles to overcome if you want to eat this way. Giving up dairy products means you have to keep an eye on Vitamin D levels. And organic ingredients are not cheap, so it can be a strain on the budget.
Is Paleo good for you? I say a resounding yes, because it’s been great for me.
Featured photo Shutterstock
Michelle Green-Jagtiani is an Abu Dhabi-based mom of one from India. To cater to those who crave healthy breads and treats, she is in the nascent stages of an Abu Dhabi-based paleo venture: O...MG! Loving Eating Paleo.


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“For the faculty, students are hidden springs to be discovered.
Springs that start small, but soon become mighty, roaring rivers
that can irrigate parched lands and create new civilizations in thier wake.
We wish you all the very best and hope your journey is filled with interesting
twists and turns and winding roads that take you to places unknown.
All the very best from all of us, Godspeed” – A faculty farewell message

domain: geography


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No current stars and only one ex-Tottenham player make it into Harry Redknapp's greatest Premier League XI.
Kenny Jackett says that Wolverhampton Wanderers' Tommy Rowe will be tough to force out of the team after he was handed his first start.
Gus Poyet wants his Sunderland squad to step up to cover for the absences of Emmanuel Giaccherini, Sebastian Coates and Ricky Alvarez.
Billionaire Steven A. Cohen, whose hedge fund SAC Capital Advisors LP shut down this year to settle charges of unprecedented insider trading, plans to reward employees at his new investment firm for demonstrating ethical behavior.
Fresh evidence is emerging of the spendthrift lifestyle of the directors of the once-mighty Caja Madrid savings bank even as the 300-year-old institution drifted into crisis.
American International Group Inc. (AIG)’s unique set of risks was seen by one of the primary orchestrators of its rescue as requiring tough conditions that included the government’s taking most of the insurer’s stock.
London has more billionaire's per capita than any other country.
Noted stock market bear Albert Edwards is back and as downbeat as ever.
President Obama and his top national security advisers began receiving periodic briefings on the huge cyberattack at JPMorgan Chase and other financial institutions this summer, part of a new effort to keep security officials as updated on major cyberattacks as they are on Russian incursions into Ukraine or attacks by the Islamic State.
Completed distressed debt and bankruptcy restructuring activity totalled US$118.9 billion during the first nine months of 2014, a 7.5% increase from the same period last year.


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November 10, 2020
Tim McGraw, Chris Young, Cole Swindell and More Added to 15th Annual Mission:Possible Benefit Concert
Tim McGraw, Chris Young, Cole Swindell, John Rich, Mitchell Tenpenny and David Tolliver will all join Tracy for this year’s Mission:Possible Benefit Concert at Nashville’s Wildhorse Saloon!
This year’s concert will live stream for FREE HERE on November 24 at 7pm CST. Exclusive merchandise is available for purchase now to help raise money for this year’s Turkey Fry.


text: Constructed from mid-weight flight 100% Poly, with water resistance, the MA-1 fighter pilot bomber jacket was the first military bomber jacket to cross over into civilian fashion. This current version has been kept as close as possible to the classic military specifications. this Bomber Jacket that will keep you warm. This Jacket will show off your love and make you stand out from other Couples. These matching jackets are comfortable for both men and women, and will keep you looking stylish at the same time keeping you comfortable.


Breaking Ground has completed construction on Betances Residence, a 152-unit affordable and supportive housing property at 443 East 142nd Street in Mott Haven, The Bronx. The development is Breaking Ground’s first Passive House-certified building and was completed in partnership with New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) and the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD).
443 East 142nd Street
The affordable housing lottery has launched for Betances Senior Residence, a Passive House senior housing building at 445 East 142nd Street in Mott Haven, The Bronx. The 12,000-square-foot development is designed by COOKFOX Architects and is developed by Breaking Ground. Available on NYC Housing Connect are 78 units for residents at 50 percent of the area median income (AMI), ranging in eligible income from $0 to $53,700.
Construction has officially topped out at Betances Residences, a Passive House senior housing development at 443 East 142nd Street in the Mott Haven section of the South Bronx. The project is designed by COOKFOX and is the seventh building in the borough developed by supportive housing provider Breaking Ground.
Breaking Ground, New York’s largest supportive housing provider, is set to begin construction this week on Betances Residence, a new supportive, affordable housing property at 443 East 142nd Street in Mott Haven, The Bronx. Designed by COOKFOX, Betances Residence is expected to debut in 2021 and will contain 152 units for the formerly homeless and low-income seniors.


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Kansas joins 16 states suing EPA over carbon dioxide emissions rule
Kansas is one of 17 states suing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency over its rules restricting carbon dioxide emissions.
Attorney General Derek Schmidt announced Wednesday that Kansas would join a lawsuit against a rule the EPA released in June requiring states to revise their State Implementation Plans as they relate to emissions during power plant start-ups and shut-downs, and periods when the plants are malfunctioning.
The issue is related to the EPA’s overall push to cut carbon dioxide emissions, which scientists have linked to climate change, but not part of the new emissions targets announced earlier this month. Schmidt’s office asked for a delay in implementing those targets and indicates it is reviewing legal questions surrounding them.
Schmidt argued the Clean Air Act gave the states the authority to develop plans for meeting federal emissions standards.
“Now, after 40 years of successful state enforcement of emissions limits, the EPA arbitrarily ignores the federal-state partnership Congress wrote into the law and, instead, demands that states not only meet EPA’s new requirements but do so EPA’s way,” he said in a news release.
The other states participating in the lawsuit are Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota and West Virginia.
To view the legal petition, visit 1.usa.gov/1PjaBOT.


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We noticed that you're using an unsupported browser. The TripAdvisor website may not display properly.We support the following browsers: Windows: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome. Mac: Safari.
My friend and I went on Thursday, got there at 8pm, ordered scampi and was told 10 minutes wait, then was told 39 minutes as had to wait for a manager to arrive! After another 15 we left, have to say the cash desk was...More
I visited The casino a few times,it's small with a good atmosphere,valet service was excellent with some very funny Guys working behind the bar,I won That night the mangers where welcoming and friendly.....The only thing about the casino is The smell of some customers and...More
Receptionist was very friendly and helpful. I was very impressed. I started playing on the table. I could not see any valet going around the table asking if anybody wants drinks. In the other had the roulette game was very slow. The dealer was busy...More

domain: travel


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EAGLE to host debate Oct. 28
Published 12:00 pm Wednesday, September 9, 2015
Twelve candidates have been invited to attend a debate Oct. 28 in advance of the general election Nov. 3.
The Oxford EAGLE has partnered with Super Talk 93.7/105.5 to bring residents the opportunity to hear the candidates at the Oxford Conference Center at 6 p.m.
If you can’t make it in person, the event will be broadcast on 93.7.
Email newsletter signup
The debate will be in a question-and-answer format with a moderator, and candidates have been asked to stick around after the debate to meet and greet residents.
“The election is on people’s minds right now,” said Publisher Tim Phillips.
“With two strong school systems and the university here, education funding and planning for the future are important. We want to ensure residents have all the information they need to make a sound decision at the polls, whether it is reading about the candidates in the EAGLE or attending the debate.”
Those invited to attend the debate with races up for grabs include:
— Lafayette County Supervisor District 1 with candidates Republican Rickey Babb, Democrat Kevin Frye and Independent Brian Hyneman.
— Lafayette County Supervisor District 3 with candidates Republican David Rikard, Democrat Dale Timothy Gordon and Independent Zack Carey.
— Lafayette County Supervisor District 5 where Democrat incumbent Mike Roberts will face Republican Johnny Mike Fortner.
— House District 12 where Republican incumbent Brad Mayo will face Democratic candidate Jay Hughes.
— Senate District 9 where Republican incumbent Gray Tollison will face Democratic candidate Cristen Hemmins.
Coffee and water will be provided for visitors.
“We are very excited to bring this debate to the residents of Lafayette County,” said Editor Stephanie Rebman. “The supervisor race is coming at a crucial time in the growth spurt of Lafayette County. The House and Senate races are also key for the future of the state, especially with the Initiative 42 decision coming in November.”
Contact firstname.lastname@example.org with any questions about the debate.


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Disclosure: This article is sponsored by Navy Mutual.
September is Life Insurance Awareness Month, although it is entirely possible that life insurance has been on your mind since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has focused the attention of many in our country on the need to ensure the financial safety of their family. Ensuring that financial security is even more challenging when the pandemic creates so much uncertainty in the job market, financial markets, and everyday living.
There is an old proverb that tells the two best times to plant a tree. The best time is …Read More


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A trio of colourful DIY honey bees from Studio ROOF. We love anything that’s amazing and a bit different here at Harbour Lane, and we have no doubt you’ll love this too.
Imagine: you hear water dripping, birds singing and, suddenly, there are three colourful creatures fluttering around your head, so delicate and enchanting that they take your breath away. And before you know it, they are gone! Fortunately, you can hang this set of three bees on your wall at home and admire them for as long as you like.
- 3D object to build, comes flat packed.
- Includes 2 x A4 sheets with 39 pieces to pop out and assemble
Dimensions of biggest element when built up: 24x6x15 cm 9.5×2.4×5.9’’
Material: Made of recycled cardboard and printed with vegetable inks.
Assembly instructions can be found inside of the packaging.


BWX Technologies has secured multiple contracts potentially worth a combined $3.1 billion to manufacture nuclear reactor components and fuel in support of the U.S. Navy‘s various nuclear propulsion programs.
BWXT said Wednesday its nuclear operations group will produce the reactor components for the service branch’s fleets of Ford-class and Nimitz-class carriers as well as Virginia-class and Ohio-class submarines.
Production will occur at company facilities in Virginia, Ohio and Indiana.
BWXT’s nuclear fuel services business will provide the naval nuclear fuel for the U.S. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program as well as develop material for future naval reactor programs.
The unit will perform work in Erwin, Tennessee.
“We look forward to providing the critical nuclear components and fuel that power the Navy“™s submarines and aircraft carriers and help keep the United States and its allies safe,” said Peyton Baker, BWXT’s president and CEO.
The company booked nearly $1.2 billion of the contract awards during its 2016 fiscal year and expects to receive the remaining funds in fiscal years 2017 and 2018.


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- A large population and rising urban and rural income is driving the demand. External demand is driving export from agriculture sector.
- The Indian agriculture industry is expected to reach a value of INR 125350 Billion by 2026, exhibiting a CAGR of 12% during 2021-2026.
- State of the art infrastructure
- Well stocked library
- Experienced and highly qualified faculty
- Placement assistance through training and placement cell
- Actuarial Analyst
- Sales Officer
- Agriculture Officer
- Research/Fundamental Analyst
- Management Executive
- Horticulture Assistant
- Agro Meteorology Observer
- Junior Scientific Officer
It is a 4-year long Undergraduate Bachelor Degree Programme. Bsc Agriculture Programme consists of topics such as agriculture science, use of modern scientific equipment and techniques in agriculture, land surveying, soil science, water resource management, animal and poultry management, basics of biotechnology etc. The main aim of this Programme is to use the above-mentioned concepts to train students improve agriculture productivity, manage products and pave way for future developments through research activities. Important subjects in this programme are:
Agronomy: Basics of Agronomy, Field Crops (Kharif), Field Crops (Rabi), Crop Production, Weed Management, Irrigation Techniques, Water resource management, Organic Farming, Sustainable agriculture.
Plant Genetics: Botany, Basics of Genetics, Plant Breeding, Seed Technology, Basics of Biotechnology.
Soil Science: Introduction to Soil Science, Soil Fertility, Soil Chemistry, Fertilizers, Agricultural Chemistry.
Entomology: Pest Management, Beneficial Insects, Grain Storage and Management.
Agricultural Economics: Market prices, Trade prices, Marketing, Finance, Agribusiness Management, Farm Management.
Agriculture Engineering: Agriculture Machinery, Power and Tools, Harvest Technology, Environment Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy.
Agricultural Meteorology: Climate patterns, Climatic hazards on Agriculture, Climatic Zones, Weather forecasting.
Plant Pathology: Crop Diseases, Nematology.
Horticulture: Fruit Crops, Medicinal Plants, Aromatic Plants, Flower Production, Spices, Plantation Crops.
Agricultural Extension: Dimensions of Agricultural Extension, Extension Methodologies, Entrepreneurship Development Programme.
Note: Along with the theoretical subjects, there are also practical sessions involving the aforementioned subjects.
IMPORTANT: ICAR does not give approval for permission to open/start/close of college/institution/university to offer programmes on agricultural science. Click to view the public notice issued by ICAR.
Advisory Board member
Dr. Manas Mohan Adhikary
Professor (Rtd) & Former Vice-Chancellor,
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya

domain: agronomy


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The first family has welcomed another pup into the fold, a year-old Portuguese Water Dog named Sunny that looks just like her big brother, Bo.
“Welcome to the family, Sunny,” President Barack Obama tweeted Monday, along with a pic of the jet-black bundle of cuteness chilling on the South Lawn.
Sunny was born in June 2012 in Michigan and just arrived at her new home in Washington, D.C., today. And already she and Bo, who’s the same breed, appear to be getting along famously!
The dogs that shred plush toys together apparently stay together.
According to the White House Blog, the Obamas named their new pet Sunny “because it fit her cheerful personality,” and she’s “full of energy and very affectionate.”
Michelle Obama had told reporters in October that Bo, despite his very prominent role as first dog, wasn’t getting enough canine interaction.
Well, the Obama administration can consider that problem solved—and in honor of their new addition, the family is making a donation to the Washington Humane Society. Follow @Infocelebrity on Twitter!
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