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Summary of the Novel
Things Fall Apart is a story told by a skillful storyteller. The novel attempts to recreate the social, cultural, and religious fabric of traditional Igbo life between 1850 and the early 1900s. However, the novel cannot be interpreted as an accurate social and political history of the Igbo people, because it is a work of fiction. Nevertheless, the novel depicts conflicts and tensions within Igbo society as well as changes introduced by colonial rule and Christianity. The novel is structured in three parts. Part One depicts life in pre colonial Igboland. Part Two relates the arrival of the Europeans and the introduction of Christianity, and Part Three recounts the beginning of systematic colonial control in eastern Nigeria. Okonkwo, the protagonist, is a talented but inflexible Igbo who struggles to achieve success in the traditional world.
The setting of Part One is Umuofia, a union of nine villages. Okonkwo is introduced as a great wrestler, a renowned warrior, and a hardworking member of the community. He has amassed two barns filled with yams, three wives, many children, and two titles. His goal is to move through the traditional Igbo title taking system by balancing personal achievement and community service. However, although Okonkwo feels he is destined for greatness, his chi, or the god-force within him, does not seem destined for greatness.
Okonkwo seeks to overpower his mediocre chi by working hard. He is profoundly afraid of failure. As a result, he is unable to balance the feminine energy of love with the masculine energy of material success. Okonkwo often suppresses his feminine side as he pursues his goals and angers the Earth goddess Ani. His rage, inflexibility, and fear of appearing weak like his lazy father, the musician Unoka, consistently overshadow his respect for his community.
When a daughter of Umuofia is killed by the neighboring village of Mbaino, a young boy named Ikemefuna is given to Umuofia in order to avoid war. Okonkwo adopts the boy and seems to admire him, for Ikemefuna is both a talented musician and a great hunter. He is also a brother and role model for Okonkwo’s eldest son Nwoye, who appears to be lazy. Ikemefuna lives with Okonkwo for three years until the Oracle of the Hills and Caves demands his life. Ogbuefi Ezeudu, the oldest man in the village, advises Okonkwo not to take part in the ritual killing of the boy. Although Okonkwo loves Ikemefuna, he does not want to appear weak. He joins the ceremony and kills Ikemefuna. Okonkwo’s action ultimately shatters his relationship with his sensitive son, Nwoye.
Okonkwo is both affectionate and violent with his family. He loves his daughter Ezinma, who is an ogbanje, or a changeling child who seems to die continually only to return to her mother’s womb to be reborn and die again. In an attempt to break the power of the ogbanje, Okonkwo follows his wife Ekwefi, the priestess Chielo, and his daughter Ezinma on a journey to the oracle Agbala. Okonkwo also assists a medicine man locate and destroy his daughter’s iyi uwa, or the sacred stone that links the child with the spirit world. However, Okonkwo also has a dark and dangerous side, for he controls his family through anger. In bouts of rage, he beats his youngest wife, Ojiugo, for neglecting to cook dinner and braiding her hair instead during the Week of Peace. He also takes a shot at Ekwefi with a rusty gun during the Yam Festival.
Okonkwo’s immoral actions affect the community. During the funeral rite for the elder Ezeudu, Okonkwo’s gun accidentally explodes, killing Ezeudu’s son. Okonkwo’s crimes enrage the Earth Goddess Ani, for he has consciously and unconsciously chosen death by beating his wife, killing Ikemefuna, and now, killing Ezeudu’s son. His irrational actions are destroying the moral fabric of traditional life. Therefore, Ani banishes Okonkwo to Mbanta, his mother’s village, for seven years.
Part Two of the novel takes place while Okonkwo is in exile in Mbanta. Okonkwo flees to his mother’s village and takes refuge with the feminine principal represented by the Earth goddess. He is given time to learn the supremacy of a mother’s nurturing love. However, Okonkwo’s goals never change. He works hard to amass wealth through the production of yams, and he dreams of returning to Umuofia to become a judicial leader in the clan. While Okonkwo single-mindedly labors in Mbanta, the Europeans arrive in Igboland. His friend Obierika visits him twice with news of the political and social upheaval. Abame, one of the villages in the union of Umuofia, is razed by the British. Christianity, a new religion, is attracting the marginal members of the Igbo community. The disenfranchised among the Igbo include the anguished mothers of twins who are forced to discard their children in the Evil Forest, the osu, who are despised descendants of religious slave cults, and unsuccessful men who do not earn titles or achieve status in the traditional world. The new Christian converts include Okonkwo’s son, Nwoye.
In Part Three, Okonkwo returns from exile in Mbanta to a tense and radically changed Umuofia. At this point, a colonial government is taking root, the palm-oil trade is transforming the economy, and Christianity is dividing the Igbo people. Tensions escalate at the annual worship of the Earth goddess when the zealous Christian convert Enoch unmasks an egwugwu, a masquerader representing an ancestral spirit. His apostasy kills the spirit, unmasks the traditional religion, and throws Umuofia into confusion. Other egwugwu, who are actually Igbo men masked as ancestors, are enraged and retaliate. They raze Enoch’s compound to the ground and burn the new Christian church. Okonkwo and other village leaders are subsequently jailed and whipped by order of the District Commissioner. After paying a fine, the humiliated Igbo are released from prison.
The traditional Igbo gather to mourn the abominations suffered by the ancient gods, the ancestors, and the entire Igbo community. They decry the new religion, which has pitted Igbo against Igbo. When colonial officials arrive to disperse the crowd, Okonkwo blocks them. He draws his machete and decapitates the court messenger. Okonkwo marshals no support; however, for the divided Igbo community fails to rise in defense of traditional life. Okonkwo has no recourse. He retreats and hangs himself from a tree.
Okonkwo fails to achieve immortality according to Igbo tradition. Only strangers may touch him now, for he has committed suicide, the ultimate offense against the Earth goddess. Okonkwo does not even merit a simple burial among his own people. In the final denouement, a perplexed District Commissioner orders members of the Igbo community to appear in court with Okonkwo’s corpse. The commissioner decides to allot the tragedy of Okonkwo a paragraph in his anthropological study of the Igbo, which he has cruelly entitled “The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger.” (p. 148)
Although the novel represents Igboland in the 1890s, it is crucial for the reader to remember that Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart in 1958, at the dawn of Nigerian independence. Achebe writes from a realistic third person point of view and questions assumptions about civilization, culture, and literature. Proverbs, folk tales, myths, and portraits of rituals and festivals support the basic plot line and paint a picture of Igbo life. In Morning Yet on Creation Day, Achebe explains his desire to show that precolonial Africa was “not one long nightmare of savagery.” (p. 45) Overall, Achebe succeeds in presenting Igbo society as an organic whole and providing a window into the heart of Africa.
The Life and Work of Chinua Achebe
Chinua Achebe is one of Africa’s most influential writers. Things Fall Apart, Achebe’s first novel, was published in 1958, just before Nigeria gained independence. The title of the novel echoes W. B. Yeats’s poem “The Second Coming,” which describes history as a succession of gyres, or spirals. Achebe applies the image to Africa as the nineteenth century traditional world of the Igbo people gives way to the colonial forces of the twentieth century.
Things Fall Apart is based upon Achebe’s life experience. Born in 1930, Chinua Achebe spent his early childhood in Ogidi, Nigeria, a large village near the famous marketplace of Onitsha. Achebe was a child of both the traditional Igbo world and the colonial Christian world, because his father, Isaiah Achebe, worked as a catechist for the Church Missionary Society. Although Achebe spoke Igbo at home, he studied English in school. At the age of 14, he advanced to the prestigious Government College in Umuahia.
In 1948, Achebe was awarded a scholarship to study medicine at the University College in Ibadan. However, he soon refocused his program on literature, religion, and history. Achebe was repelled by the fundamental racism of colonial classics such as Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Joyce Cary’s Mister Johnson. These novels depicted a savage Africa that was humanized only through European colonialism. In reaction, Achebe expanded his own understanding of the Igbo world with a study of oral accounts and written colonial records; he also published his first essays, editorials, and short stories as the student editor of the University Herald.
After graduation, Achebe taught for a brief period. In 1954, he took a position with the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation, and from 1961–1966, he served as the director of external broadcasting. As Nigeria moved toward independence, Achebe’s radio programs helped shape a national identity. During this time, Achebe also wrote his first four novels and became the founding editor of Heinemann Publisher’s “African Writers Series.” Things Fall Apart was followed by No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), and A Man of the People (1966).
In 1967, Achebe supported Biafra’s secession from Nigeria and left broadcasting to pursue research at the University of Nigeria. His reflections about the civil war were published as Beware Soul Brother and Other Poems (1971) and Girls at War and Other Stories (1972). His essays were published as Morning Yet on Creation Day (1975); The Trouble with Nigeria (1983); and Hopes and Impediments: Selected Essays, 1965–87 (1988). His essays have had a great influence on contemporary thought about Africa and African literature. For example, “The Novelist as Teacher” explains the role of the writer in Africa, and “The African Writer and the English Language” explains Achebe’s use of language. These essays are among his most often quoted essays, and they are included in Morning Yet on Creation Day. Achebe also coedited Don’t Let Him Die: An Anthology of Memorial Poems for Christopher Okigbo (1978), and founded Okike: An African Journal of New Writing.
Achebe has also written several children’s books, including Chike and the River (1966), The Drum (1977), and The Flute (1977). He has also edited African Short Stories (1982) and The Heinemann Book of Contemporary African Stories (1992). Finally, Achebe published his fifth novel, Anthills of the Savannah, in 1987.
In addition to his research and writing, over the past 20 years Chinua Achebe has worked as a professor of literature, the director of African Studies, and a pro vice chancellor at the University of Nigeria. He has also served as a distinguished visiting professor of literature at the University of Massachusetts, the University of Connecticut, City College of New York, and Bard College. Achebe has lectured extensively throughout Africa and the United States, and he has received numerous awards, including the Nigerian National Merit Award. Chinua Achebe has influenced many African writers through his writing and his work as the chairperson of the Society of Nigerian Authors.
A distinctive culture known as Igbo (or Ibo) evolved in West Africa about 5,000 years ago. In the traditional worldview, the Creator God Chukwu was a remote masculine force who taught the people to survive through the cultivation of yams. The yam stood as an indicator of wealth and a type of currency. The masculine Chukwu was balanced by the Earth goddess Ani, or Mother Nature. The feminine Ani was closer to humankind than Chukwu, for she functioned as the goddess of fertility and the judge of morality.
These great masculine and feminine creative forces were augmented by localized deities, spirits, and oracles that were institutionalized by various Igbo communities. Each oracle spoke through a priest or priestess and served as a medium through which the divine was understood. The Igbo further personified the power of God in the concept of the chi. The chi was the personalized god force or invisible power of fate that guided each individual through life. It was the finely tuned chi that simultaneously controlled a person’s fortunes yet allowed the individual freedom to work creatively toward success or failure.
Political organizations and beliefs differed among the various groups of Igbo people. Historically, many Igbo villages were representative democracies bound to a group of villages by the decisions of a general assembly. The local life of each village was shaped by age grade associations, title making societies, work associations, religious fraternities, and secret societies. Men and women attempted to achieve prestige and status by accumulating wealth, which was used to purchase titles. Title holding leaders influenced the village assembly, came to decisions through consensus, made new laws, and administered justice.
Early on, the Igbo people developed relationships with European traders and missionaries. In 1472, the Portuguese arrived in Igboland in an attempt to discover a sea route to India; in 1508, the Portuguese transported the first West African slaves to the West Indies. The slave trade flourished for three centuries; however, the Igbo also traded copper rods, iron bars, and cowrie shells with the Portuguese and the Dutch over the next two centuries. The slave trade was abolished in 1807, and the Igbo began to trade palm oil with the British. The Anglican Church Missionary Society established a mission in Onitsha in 1857; later the Roman Catholic Holy Ghost Fathers and Society of African Missions set up stations east and west of the Niger River.
Friendly relations with Britain crumbled after 1875. Although Igboland had functioned as a British trade colony for decades, it was not formally declared a British Protectorate until 1900. In order to “pacify” Eastern Nigeria, the British destroyed much of Igboland and launched extensive military expeditions in 1914. Despite resistance, by 1928 Igbo men were forced to pay taxes, and British colonialism took hold.
During the colonial era, British officials sought to govern hundreds of decentralized Igbo villages clustered in various political constructs through a system of indirect rule. Igbo institutions were replaced with a native court system that was administered by appointed warrant chiefs, district officers, court clerks, and messengers who held no traditional status in the village. The Igbo resisted the corruption of the native court system, the destruction of indigenous political life, and increased taxation. The resistance culminated in the Women’s War of 1929–1930. Women throughout Nigeria demanded social reforms, respect for Igbo customs, and women’s rights. In the final analysis, their action forced the British to restructure Eastern Nigeria to comply more closely with traditional village organization.
In 1952, a regional government was set up which paved the way for independence. After decades of resistance, Nigeria finally gained independence from Britain in 1960. However, the new nation contained many ethnic groups, including the Hausa and the Yoruba people. The eastern region of Nigeria was inhabited by the Igbo. This area, which was later known as Biafra, unsuccessfully sought independence from Nigeria during the devastating civil war of 1966–1969.
Things Fall Apart depicts the tensions within traditional Igbo society at the end of the nineteenth century and the cataclysmic changes introduced by colonialism and Christianity in the twentieth century. Chinua Achebe writes in English; however, in order to recreate the cultural milieu of the Igbo people, he “Africanizes” the language of the novel. Specific Igbo words and complicated names are used freely. Profound philosophical concepts such as chi and ogbanje are explained in the text or glossary and are fundamental to the story. The use of idioms and proverbs also clarifies the conflict, expresses different points of view, and instructs the characters as well as the reader. Things Fall Apart has been translated into 30 languages and has sold 8 million copies. The novel is internationally acclaimed, has become a classic of African literature, and has served as a seminal text for postcolonial literature around the world.
Master List of Major Characters
Okonkwo—the protagonist; a strong, proud, hardworking Igbo
Obierika—Okonkwo’s confidant; he refuses to participate in killing Ikemefuna
Ikemefuna—a boy taken from Mbaino as a compensation for murder
Ani—the Earth goddess who calls for Ikemefuna’s death
Unoka—Okonkwo’s father; he loves to play the flute and appears to be lazy
Nwoye—Okonkwo’s eldest son; he takes the Christian name Isaac
Ekwefi—Okonkwo’s second wife; mother of Ezinma
Ezinma—Ekwefi’s only daughter
Agbala—Oracle of the Hills and Caves
Chielo—Agbala’s priestess; she is a widow with two children
Nwoye’s mother—Okonkwo’s first wife; she is very strong
Ojiugo—Okonkwo’s youngest wife, who is beaten during the Week of Peace
Uchendu—Okonkwo’s uncle; his mother’s brother and the elder in Mbanta
Ezeudu (Ogbuefi Ezeudu)—an elder and a friend of Okonkwo
Nwakibie—an important man in Umuofia; he helps Okonkwo begin his farm
Ndulue—a respected elder who dies shortly before his beloved wife Ozoemena
Ozoemena—Ndulue’s wife; she dies shortly after her husband
Mr. Brown—a European missionary based in Umuofia
Mr. Kiaga—an Igbo missionary in charge of the congregation in Mbanta
Mr. Smith—a zealous, rigid missionary who takes over for Mr. Brown
District Commissioner—the British official in charge of Igboland
Enoch—a zealous Christian
Okoli—a convert to Christianity who kills the sacred python and dies
Chukwu—the supreme Creator God of the Igbo traditional religion
Akueke—Obierika’s daughter; her marriage is negotiated
Amalinze—called the Cat; a great wrestler who is thrown by Okonkwo
Anene—Ekwefi’s first husband
Chika—Agbala’s priestess during Unoka’s time
Ezeani—the priest of the Earth goddess
Ezeugo—a powerful orator
Maduka—Obierika’s son; a great wrestler
Ogbuefi Udo—his wife is murdered by the people of Mbaino
Okagbue—the medicine man who destroys Ezinma’s iyi-uwa
Okeke—the interpreter for Mr. Smith
Okoye—a neighbor who unsuccessfully tries to collect a debt from Unoka
Osugo—a man without titles
Note: The “o” in Igbo words is pronounced “aw” as in “awesome.”agadi-nwayi—an old woman
agbala—a woman, the term is an insult to a man because it implies weakness
Amadioha—the god of thunder and lightning
bride-price—a dowry paid by the groom’s parents to the bride’s parents
chi—the god-force within each person; an individual’s character, destiny, or fate
cowries—shells used as money
diala—a freeborn individual
efulefu—a worthless man
egwugwu—leaders dressed as masked spirits representing the ancestors
ekwe—a wooden drum
eze-agadi-nwayi—an old woman’s teeth
foo foo—a pounded yam dish
harmattan—a dry wind from the north
ikenga—a wooden carving containing a man’s personal spirit
ilo—the village playground or common where meetings are held
inyanga—showing off; bragging
isa-ifi—a ceremony determining a woman’s faithfulness to her fiancé after a long separation
iyi-uwa—a sacred stone that links the ogbanje child with the spirit world
jigida—a string of waist beads
kite—a bird that arrives during the dry season
kola nuts—nuts offered to guests as a symbol of hospitality
kotma—a court man or court messenger
ndichie—the elders who meet in a judicial council
nna ayi—our father
nso-ani—a taboo or religious offense
nza—a small bird
obi—the living quarters of the head of a family
obodo dike—the land of the brave
ochu—murder or manslaughter
ogbanje—a child who dies and returns to his/her mother’s womb to be reborn
osu—a person dedicated to a god; a slave and an outcast
otu omu—a women’s council that controls the marketplace by imposing fines on anyone who disturbs the peace
Oye—one of the four market days
ozo—one of the titles a man could achieve
palm wine—a fermented beverage made from palm tree sap
udu—a type of drum
umuada—a gathering of daughters in a family
umunna—the extended family
Umuofia—Okonkwo’s clan, consisting of nine villages
uri—part of a betrothal ceremony where the bride-price is paid
Estimated Reading Time
Things Fall Apart is approximately 150 pages long. Reading time depends upon your reading level. You will read faster as you become familiar with Chinua Achebe’s style. Thirty to thirty-five pages may be covered in an hour’s sitting. The book may be completed in approximately seven to eight hours.
Summary (Masterplots II: British and Commonwealth Fiction Series)
Things Fall Apart tells the tragic story of Okonkwo, a middle-aged leader of the Igbo community of Umuofia. The three parts of the novel relate Okonkwo’s struggle to attain status in his community, his humbling exile, and his return to a much-changed Umuofia after seven years.
Part 1 briefly describes Okonkwo’s childhood and his determined effort to overcome the example of his lazy and imprudent father, Unoka, and to make himself a successful and admired member of the clan. The flexibility of Igbo society permits Okonkwo to elevate himself through acts of strength, courage, and endurance. His early triumphs as a wrestler and a warrior are complemented by his success as a farmer, and in time he is able to...
(The entire section is 593 words.)
Summary (Magill's Survey of World Literature, Revised Edition)
Achebe’s title from William Butler Yeats’s poem “The Second Coming” invokes an ironic, apocalyptic vision warning of a new order from Africa that will destroy the status quo; thus, the novel describes the European destruction of Igbo culture but suggests a potential future shift of power reinvigorating Africa, a theme in Achebe’s later work Home and Exile. Things Fall Apart disproves white stereotypes of Igbo as primitive savages, amoral and unsophisticated, and asserts the viability of preconquest Igbo culture through the tragic story of Okonkwo and his village. A warrior determined to counter the reputation of his lazy imprudent father, Okonkwo wins community respect and titles for his hard work,...
(The entire section is 563 words.)
Summary (Masterplots, Fourth Edition)
Okonkwo’s father is cowardly, foolish, and poor in his life, an outcast at his death. When his father dies, Okonkwo, on the other hand, though still a young man, has three wives, two barns full of yams, two of his people’s titles, and a reputation as the strongest wrestler and the bravest warrior in the nine villages of Umuofia. Okonkwo takes great pride in these accomplishments, sometimes forgetting the assistance of his personal god, or chi, and of the man from whom he borrowed yams to start his own farm.
Despite his accomplishments, Okonkwo fears being seen as like his father. One of his great disappointments is his eldest son, Nwoye, who seems to inherit Okonkwo’s father’s weakness. Nwoye dislikes...
(The entire section is 761 words.)
Chapter Summary and Analysis
Part One, Chapter 1 Summary and Analysis
Okonkwo: famous in the nine villages of Umuofia for his personal achievements
Amalinze: the Cat; the greatest wrestler in Umuofia
Unoka: Okonkwo’s father; he is a lazy debtor
Okoye: Unoka’s neighbor who attempts to collect a debt
Ikemefuna: a young boy who is given to Umuofia by a rival village
Okonkwo is a man of great personal achievements. After he threw the great wrestler Amalinze the Cat, at the age of 18, his fame spread. He is a wealthy farmer with three wives, many children, two barns full of yams, and two titles. He has also proven his prowess in two intertribal wars. Because he is so well respected, Okonkwo is...
(The entire section is 689 words.)
Chapter 2 Summary and Analysis
Ogbuefi Ezeugo: a powerful orator who accuses Mbaino of murder
Ogbuefi Udo: a man of Umuofia; his wife is murdered by the people of Mbaino
Nwoye: Okonkwo’s 12-year-old son, who appears to be lazy
The ogene, a kind of gong, pierces the night in Umuofia. Umuofia is a community of nine Igbo villages related to one another in political matters. Every man is called to meet at the marketplace where Ogbuefi Ezeugo, a powerful orator, shouts the greeting “Umuofia kwenu,” and 10,000 men respond “Yaa.” In anger he explains that the wife of Ogbuefi Udo has been murdered in Mbaino, a rival village. An ultimatum is given to the...
(The entire section is 485 words.)
Chapter 3 Summary and Analysis
Agbala: Oracle of the Hills and Caves; a kind of god
Chika: the priestess to Agbala in Unoka’s time
Ani: the Earth goddess; the owner of the land
Ifejioku: the god of yams
Nwakibie: a successful man who has taken all the titles except one in the clan
Anasi: one of Nwakibie’s wives
Ogbuefi Idigo: a villager at Nwakibie’s homestead
Obiako: a palm-wine tapper who suddenly gives up his work
Akukalia: a villager at Nwakibie’s homestead
Igwelo: Nwakibie’s elder son
People like Unoka consult Agbala, the Oracle of the Hills and Caves, during times of misfortune....
(The entire section is 703 words.)
Chapter 4 Summary and Analysis
Osugo: a man who has taken no titles
Ojiugo: Okonkwo’s youngest wife
Ezeani: Ani’s priest
Ogbuefi Ezeudu: oldest man in the village
Nwayieke: old woman who lives near the udala tree
Okonkwo is successful because he works hard. However, he is rude to unsuccessful men. For example, he calls Osugo a woman because he has not taken any titles. Okonkwo continues to rule his family with an iron hand. Ikemefuna, the hostage from Mbaino, has stayed with Okonkwo for three years. Nwoye’s mother, Okonkwo’s first wife, is kind to the boy and treats him as one of her own children. Ikemefuna gradually overcomes his fear and...
(The entire section is 732 words.)
Chapter 5 Summary and Analysis
Ekwefi: Okonkwo’s second wife
Ezinma: Okonkwo’s daughter of his second wife; Ekwefi’s only daughter
Obiageli: Okonkwo’s daughter of his first wife; Nwoye’s sister
Nkechi: Okonkwo’s daughter of his third wife
The Feast of the New Yam is a big event. It is held every year before the harvest to honor the ancestral spirits and Ani. Ani is the most important deity in Igbo cosmology because she is the source of all fertility. In addition to playing an active role in the daily lives of the people, she judges morality and conduct.
Okonkwo is edgy as his family prepares for the feast because he would rather be working in...
(The entire section is 846 words.)
Chapter 6 Summary and Analysis
Maduka: the son of Obierika
Chielo: a priestess of Agbala
Okafo: a wrestler
Ikezue: a wrestler
The whole village turns out for the wrestling match involving the nine villages of Umuofia. The drummers face the elders and a huge circle of spectators. There are seven drums arranged according to size in a long wooden basket. Three men beat the drums feverishly as if they are possessed by the spirits of the drums. Several young men keep order by beating the crowd back with palm branches. Finally, the two wrestling teams dance into the circle. The younger boys wrestle first, and the crowd roars as the third boy throws his opponent. Maduka,...
(The entire section is 548 words.)
Chapter 7 Summary and Analysis
The elders seemed to have forgotten about Ikemefuna, who has been living in Okonkwo’s household for three years. Ikemefuna is a positive influence on Nwoye. He is described as a yam tendril in the rainy season. Ikemefuna and Nwoye listen to Okonkwo’s stories about war and violence. Nwoye remembers the stories his mother used to tell of the tortoise, the bird eneke-nti-oba, and the quarrel between Earth and Sky. Nwoye knows his father wants him to be a man, so he pretends he does not like women’s stories.
Ogbuefi Ezeudu, the oldest man in the village tells Okonkwo that Umuofia has decided to kill Ikemefuna because the Oracle of Hills and Caves has pronounced the boy’s death. However,...
(The entire section is 720 words.)
Chapter 8 Summary and Analysis
Obierika: Okonkwo’s friend and confidant
Ofoedu: a villager who comes with a message
Ogbuefi Ndulue: the oldest man in Ire
Ozoemena: Ogbuefi Ndulue’s first wife
Akueke: Obierika’s daughter
Obidrika: a brother of Obierika
Machi: the eldest brother of Obierika
Dimaragana: a man who would not lend his knife for cutting up a dog
Umezulike: a man who taps Okonkwo’s palm trees
Ibe: a young suitor of Akueke
Ukegbu: the father of Ibe
Amadi: a leper who often passes by Obierika’s compound
Okonkwo does not eat for two days after...
(The entire section is 1008 words.)
Chapter 9 Summary and Analysis
Okagbue Uyanwa: a famous medicine man
Okonkwo finally sleeps. He questions his uneasiness about killing Ikemefuna. As a mosquito buzzes in his ear, he remembers a story his mother used to tell him. When Mosquito asked Ear to marry him, she fell on the floor laughing. Ear thought Mosquito looked like a skeleton and insinuated that he would not live much longer. Mosquito was humiliated. To this day, any time Mosquito passes by, he tells Ear that he is still alive. Later in the chapter, Ekwefi tells Ezinma another story. The snake-lizard gave his mother seven baskets of raw vegetables to cook; they yielded three baskets of cooked vegetables. As a result, the snake-lizard...
(The entire section is 722 words.)
Chapter 10 Summary and Analysis
Mgbafo: a woman who is beaten by her husband
Odukwe: Mgbafo’s eldest brother
Uzowulu: Mgbafo’s husband
Trials are held in the center of Umuofia. Only the men participate; the women observe as outsiders. The titled elders sit on stools, and a powerful gong sounds. The people hear the terrifying, guttural voices of the egwugwu, or the nine masked spirits of the clan. Each egwugwu represents one of the villages in Umuofia. The leader is named Evil Forest; he is the eldest egwugwu, and smoke pours out of his head. All the other egwugwu sit in order of seniority after him. He looks terrible. His body is made of smoked raffia,...
(The entire section is 752 words.)
Chapter 11 Summary and Analysis
Nwayieke: woman who is notorious for her late cooking
Anene: Ekwefi’s first husband
Ekwefi tells Ezinma a story about the Tortoise. It was a time of famine, and all the birds were invited to a feast in the sky. Tortoise, a great orator, convinced the birds to take him along. He told them to select new names for the feast. Tortoise took the name “All of you.” The men in the sky thought Tortoise was the king of the birds and declared they had prepared the feast for “all of you.” Since that was Tortoise’s new name, he ate the best portions of food and drank two pots of palm wine. The birds ate the leftovers. They were very angry and left Tortoise in...
(The entire section is 681 words.)
Chapter 12 Summary and Analysis
Nwankwo: a man in Obierika’s household who is sent to buy a goat
Mgbogo: a woman who is home with a fever
Udenkwo: a woman who is home with her infant
Ezelagbo: a woman whose husband’s cow is let loose
Okonkwo has not slept during the night because he is worried and anxious. However, he does not show his feelings. He has gone to the shrine, but he realizes that Chielo has traveled through the nine villages. He waits at home and returns to the shrine four times. Finally, he finds Ekwefi. While he waits with her, Chielo crawls out of the shrine on her belly like a snake. Ezinma is sleeping on her back. The priestess does not look at...
(The entire section is 664 words.)
Chapter 13 Summary and Analysis
Ezeudu, one of the oldest men in the clan, is dead. The last time Ezeudu visited Okonkwo, he told him not to participate in Ikemefuna’s death because the boy called him father. Ezeudu was a great man, and he is given a warrior’s funeral. The drums of death are beaten, and the guns are fired. Warriors painted with chalk and charcoal assemble in age groups wearing smoked raffia shirts. Several ancestral spirits or egwugwu appear from the underworld speaking in unearthly voices. Some egwugwu, like Evil Spirit, are violent and have to be restrained. There is another dreaded egwugwu who is always alone. He is shaped like a coffin; a sickly odor hangs in the air, and flies travel with him....
(The entire section is 1120 words.)
Part Two, Chapter 14 Summary and Analysis
Uchendu: Okonkwo’s uncle; his mother’s brother
Amikwu: the youngest of Uchendu’s five sons
Njide: Uchendu’s eldest daughter
Akeuni: Uchendu’s daughter who has borne and thrown away many twins
Part Two takes place in Mbanta, the home of Okonkwo’s mother. Okonkwo’s crime of killing Ezeudu’s son is involuntary manslaughter, a female ochu. Okonkwo is banished by Ani, the Earth goddess, to Mbanta for seven years. Uchendu, Okonkwo’s mother’s brother, arranges the rites of purification. Okonkwo is given land for his homestead and farm. He works hard, but work no longer holds any pleasure for him. The passion to become one...
(The entire section is 797 words.)
Chapter 15 Summary and Analysis
Nweke: a young man who accompanies Obierika
Two years after Okonkwo’s banishment to Mbanta, his friend Obierika comes to visit him. He is accompanied by two young men carrying heavy bags of cowries. Obierika tells Okonkwo that the clan of Abame has been wiped out. Fugitives from Abame explained that a white man appeared. The Oracle explained that the strange man would break their clan and spread destruction among them. The Igbos of Abame killed the white man and tied his iron horse to a sacred tree. He said a word that resembled Mbaino. Perhaps he had been traveling to Mbaino and lost his way. Sometime later, three white men led by a band of ordinary men like the Igbo...
(The entire section is 585 words.)
Chapter 16 Summary and Analysis
Two years later, Obierika visits Okonkwo again. He has seen Nwoye among the missionaries in Umuofia. They have built a church and won a handful of converts. The converts are considered to be efulefu, or worthless men, by the Igbo community. The missionaries have also come to Mbanta. One is a white man who speaks through an interpreter. He preaches about a new God, the Creator of all the world. He says this God judges the dead. Good men who worship the true God live forever. Evil men who worship wood and stone are thrown into an eternal fire.
An old man asks if the Christian God is the goddess of the Earth, the god of the sky, or Amadiora. He asks about protection from the anger of the neglected gods...
(The entire section is 630 words.)
Chapter 17 Summary and Analysis
Mr. Kiaga: Igbo interpreter for the missionaries
Nneka: the wife of the prosperous farmer Amadi
When the Christians ask the Igbo for a plot of land to build a church, the elders offer them the Evil Forest, which is filled with sinister forces. The Igbos know the gods and ancestors of Mbanta have a limit; they expected the missionaries to be punished by the seventh market week. However, the missionaries live on, and they build a new house for their teacher, Mr. Kiaga.
Nwoye is secretly interested in the new faith, and he listens when the missionaries preach in the open marketplace. He learns some of the simple stories. Mr. Kiaga tells the people to...
(The entire section is 599 words.)
Chapter 18 Summary and Analysis
Okeke: a man in Mbanta; interpreter for Mr. Smith
Mr. Brown: the white missionary
Okoli: a convert who kills the sacred python
The clan is not too worried about the church. The Christians rescue twins from the bush but never bring them to the village. Some converts are beaten after boasting that the Igbo gods are dead. Otherwise, there is little interaction between the church and the clan. Mr. Kiaga is quite harmless, and anyone who kills a convert will be forced into exile. If the Christians become more troublesome, they will simply be driven out of the clan.
The little church is absorbed in its own troubles. The Christians protest...
(The entire section is 847 words.)
Chapter 19 Summary and Analysis
Unachukwu: an old man in Okonkwo’s mother’s clan
Emefo: an old man in Okonkwo’s mother’s clan
Okonkwo’s exile drags to an end. Even though he prospered in Mbanta, Okonkwo is still bitter; he would have prospered more in Umuofia. In seven years he would have climbed to great heights. Nevertheless, his mother’s kinsmen have been very kind to him. He calls the first child born to him in Mbanta Nneka, or “Mother is Supreme.” However, two years later he calls his newborn son Nwofia, which means “Begotten in the Wilderness.” During his last year in exile, Okonkwo asks Obierika to build him two houses in Umuofia; he will construct the rest of his...
(The entire section is 662 words.)
Part Three, Chapter 20 Summary and Analysis
Ogbuefi Ugonna: a man who has taken two titles and joined the Christian church
Oduche: a man who dies over a land controversy
Aneto: a man who kills Oduche and is hanged by the white authorities
Seven years is a long time to be away. Okonkwo has lost his place among the nine masked spirits who administer justice in the clan; he has also lost his chance to lead his people against the new religion. Furthermore, Okonkwo has lost time during which he could have taken the highest titles. He is determined to return to Umuofia with a flourish and regain the seven years he has wasted. Therefore, he decides to build a magnificent compound and initiate his...
(The entire section is 818 words.)
Chapter 21 Summary and Analysis
Enoch: a zealous convert; his father is a priest of the snake cult
Akunna: one of the great men of the village
Okonkwo hates the white man. However, some Igbos are happy because even though the white man has brought a lunatic religion, he has also brought a trading store. The economy is booming due to the trade in palm oil.
Mr. Brown, the white missionary, is very gentle. He restrains the Christians from provoking the clan and preaches against the kind of excess zeal demonstrated by Enoch, who has killed and eaten a sacred python. The clan has given Mr. Brown a carved elephant tusk as a sign of respect. Akunna, a great man, sends his son to Mr....
(The entire section is 796 words.)
Chapter 22 Summary and Analysis
Reverend James Smith: Mr. Brown’s successor
Okeke: Mr. Smith’s interpreter
Ajofia: the leading egwugwu of Umuofia
Reverend Smith openly condemns Mr. Brown’s policy of compromise, and he suspends a woman from the church who has allowed her heathen husband to mutilate her dead ogbanje child. Overzealous converts who smarted under Mr. Brown now flourish. Enoch, the son of the snake priest who is believed to have eaten the sacred python, sparks a great conflict between the church and clan in Umuofia. At the annual ceremony for the Earth goddess, the ancestors of the clan emerge as egwugwuthrough tiny antholes. Christian...
(The entire section is 861 words.)
Chapter 23 Summary and Analysis
For the first time in many years Okonkwo feels happy. Things seem to be getting back to normal. The clan that had turned false appears to be making amends. He speaks about violence, and his clansmen listen with respect. It is like the good old days when a warrior was a warrior. The clansmen do not agree to drive away the Christians, but they do agree to do something substantial. Nothing happens for two days after the destruction of the church. Yet, the men of Umuofia are armed because they do not want to be caught unaware like the men of Abame. The District Commissioner finally sends a sweet-talking messenger to the leaders of Umuofia asking them to meet in his headquarters. That is not strange; he often...
(The entire section is 807 words.)
Chapter 24 Summary and Analysis
Egonwanne: a coward who moves the men of Umuofia to impotence
Okika: the first man to speak, one of those imprisoned
Onyeka: the man who salutes Umuofia first
The leaders are released by the District Commissioner, who speaks about the Queen of England, peace, and the colonial government. The Igbo trudge home silently. Okonkwo’s friends and family see the marks on his back where he has been whipped. Okonkwo swears vengeance on the white man’s court. If Umuofia does not go to war, he will avenge himself. Okonkwo remembers the noblest war of the past, which was against Isike. Okudo was alive then; he was not a fighter, but his song turned every...
(The entire section is 1058 words.)
Chapter 25 Summary and Analysis
Some of the men of Umuofia are sitting in Okonkwo’s obi when the District Commissioner arrives. They tell him that Okonkwo is not present. The commissioner becomes angry and he says he will lock them all up if they do not produce Okonkwo. Obierika says they will take him to Okonkwo; perhaps the commissioner will be able to help them. The commissioner is annoyed at the way the Igbo use superfluous words. The District Commissioner is armed, and he warns Obierika that he and his men will be shot if he pulls any tricks.
The men lead the commissioner into a small bush behind Okonkwo’s compound. They come to the tree from which Okonkwo’s body is hanging. Obierika explains that perhaps the...
(The entire section is 877 words.)


The Amazon is burning and no one cares
by Baia Food on Aug 22, 2019
The Amazon rainforest, one of the most important lungs of our Planet, has been burning for more than 15 days and there has been no coverage in the media.
Strange right? And then they will say what is this about climate change.
We have to stop this now. The consequences are fatal. Are we really so blind that we don't see what's happening? Or do we prefer to look elsewhere? To stop all this, we first have to understand why these fires occur, and what deforestation is, and what the direct consequences are on the Earth.
According to Wikipedia, "deforestation or felling of trees is a process generally caused by human action, in which the forest surface is destroyed."
Deforestation devastates the forests and jungles of our planet on a massive scale. To the point that tropical forests and rainforests could disappear completely within 100 years if the current frenetic pace continues.
In case you didn't know, deforestation is directly caused by man , it is us humans who cut down or burn forests. This is reality, no unprovoked fires. Do not be fooled.
The reasons for indiscriminate logging are many, but most are related to the commercial interests of agriculture . Farmers clear forests in order to obtain more space for their crops (mainly soybeans, palm and cocoa) or for grazing their livestock. Companies that sell paper and lumber also participate in clearing down countless forests each year. Last but not least, forests and jungles also fall victim to constant urban growth.
Image: National Geographic
Deforestation has many negative consequences for the environment.
a) The loss of habitat for millions of species. About 70% of animals and plants live in the jungles and forests of the Earth. Many of them cannot survive this phenomenon, since their environment is completely altered and destroyed. They can no longer feed themselves, and therefore the survival of their species is put in extreme danger. The best-known example, but not the only one, is that of orangutans in Indonesia, where even these animals have come to stand up to humans by confronting bulldozers.
b) Deforestation directly affects climate change. The soils of the jungles are humid. Without trees and their shade, forests dry out quickly. In addition, trees also help perpetuate the hydrological cycle by returning water vapor to the atmosphere. The consequence is that many jungles and forests can quickly become arid deserts.
c) More extreme temperature changes. The elimination of the vegetation layer and therefore of the tree protection that blocks the sun's rays during the day and maintains heat at night contributes to the appearance of more extreme temperature changes that are harmful to plants and animals.
d) Greater emission of greenhouse gases. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing greenhouse gases that are responsible for global warming. Having fewer jungles and forests means emitting more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and a greater speed in the advance of climate change.
SOLUTION:The first thing of all is to become aware of the problem . Many of us look the other way, but we all know that that is not the solution to any of the problems in this life.
a) The first thing you can do is spread the word. That is, talk about the topic. Many people may not be aware of the situation. Get informed and share your knowledge.
b) Consume responsibly. The main reason for deforestation and fires in the Amazon (and many other areas) is that we continue to buy their soy, palm oil, meat or wood. Reduce your meat consumption and try to buy organic (local) products.
c) Protest against governments. Europe, the US and China are the main importers of all these products. Press to restrict such imports and promote those of sustainable crops.
d) Contribute to international organizations and NGOs that work directly in the affected areas. These organizations work closely with local communities threatened and affected by the fire, while lobbying for things to change.


text:
This is a tasty beef jerky snack. Recipe by Judy Chatham 2000. You can make beef jerky easily anytime with our recipe.
Want to try homemade spicy beef jerky? Try this spicy jerky recipe.
Homemade Beef Jerky
It's easy to make homemade beef jerky.Print Pin Rate Add to Collection Go to Collections
Prep Time: 10 minutes
Cook Time: 10 minutes
Total Time: 20 minutes
- 1/2 cup Soy Sauce
- 1/4 cup Teriyaki Sauce
- 1 1/2 teaspoon liquid smoke
- 1/2 cup Brown Sugar
- 3 pounds Lean Rump Roast (sliced 1/8" thick by 2 - 2 1/2" wide strips)
- Mix soy sauce, teriyaki sauce, smoke, and brown sugar together and pour over beef strips. Cover and let marinate in the refrigerator overnight. If you are using a food dehydrator follow manufacturer's directions.
- If you do not have a dehydrator you may use your oven. Turn the oven on low 150 -175. the temperature should not go over 175. The Strips of beef may be placed on a cooling rack that has been set on top of a jelly roll pan. The jelly roll pan will collect the liquid and the cooling rack will let the air circulate for better drying.
- When placing the strips on the cooling rack do not overcrowd the pieces. Turn the strips two or three times during drying. This method will take 6 to 8 hours depending on the thickness of the meat.
Calories: 45kcal | Carbohydrates: 2g | Protein: 6g | Fat: 0g | Saturated Fat: 0g | Cholesterol: 16mg | Sodium: 620mg | Potassium: 90mg | Fiber: 0g | Sugar: 2g | Vitamin C: 12.8mg | Calcium: 82mg | Iron: 0.7mg

domain: food


text:
01. To work as
Head of Advisory, Jackson Ra
Q. What is the role of the Advisory part in the Finance Service Group?
The Advisory part of Chain Partners creates new business opportunities. To this end, we have established various partnerships with projects and investors from home and abroad. We search for new business ideas by identifying trends in a rapidly evolving market, and by building networks with industry leading companies or VCs.
Our team was re-organized to become Chain Partners Advisory in January 2019 in order to expand the competitiveness of our original Tokenomia team, which was an ICO advisory.
Q. What positions are included in the Advisory Part? Are certain capabilities necessary for the position?
There are currently three parts: BD (Business Developer), which plans and develops new business opportunities; Operations, which supports the operating needs of the business; and Research, which analyzes trends and collects and monitors market information. Three capabilities are needed for the work here.
First, you must be performance-oriented. You need to be able to create new opportunities in the market and translate them into substantial outcomes. Currently, our team is creating business opportunities by discovering and reaching out to promising overseas projects that can build synergy with our company. Furthermore, we provide business advice to projects in Korea preparing to venture abroad.
Second, excellent communication skills are required. This is because meeting with investors, partners and project managers, and building good relations with them, is a significant part of the work. You need to have communication skills that convince and build positive business relations. Proficiency in English and Chinese especially comes in handy because we often meet with foreign partners.
Last but not least, you need to have a basic level of understanding about blockchain and the digital assets market.
Q. What is your dream, Jackson?
I have always been interested in technological development and history. I hope to witness a historic moment first-hand and take part in it. One case that illustrates my ambition is the time I came to Korea as a US army soldier. Instead of getting a job like everyone else after graduating from university, I felt that a historic event between South and North Korea was imminent in 2001. Of course, regretfully, the two Koreas have yet to unite, but ever since I have chosen a career path that positioned me closer to something important.
One of my biggest dreams is to be on-site when a historic event occurs. IT technology has seen a transition from the development of the PC to the Internet and to mobile. I believe that blockchain is the future, the next-step beyond. My goal is to participate in and contribute to this giant Tech Wave of technological development.
If opportunity allows, I aspire to be a founder, starting a company that can improve the quality of life with the use of blockchain. For example, I am greatly interested in building financial service technologies and for instance enhancing the lives of unbanked people, the many in the world who are not able to participate in the banking system. I hope to become a business leader who can have a positive influence on those in need.
02. Blockchain is
Q. How did you first step into the blockchain market?
I believe that digital assets will become the future of money. Already, paper currency is rarely used. In the near future, digital assets (cryptocurrency) will replace many traditional tools of finance. Back in 2013, I was in Korea and heard a very interesting presentation on the prospect of the cryptocurrency market. I bought $10 worth of bitcoin right away. Coincidentally, the US government first officially mentioned bitcoin at the time, just as I began to study the potential of the market. Although it was only pocket money, the fact that the price of Bitcoin surged more than 10 times in a few days grabbed my attention.
Later on, I joined an IoT company in Silicon Valley where everyone was talking about blockchain. I knew in my heart that blockchain would be the next to follow in a line of technological development from PCs, the Internet, to mobile. Currently I am investing huge amounts of time to build use cases in this industry. I think we still need about two decades before the blockchain's full story is complete. As both the PC and mobile technology took a minimum of 10~15 years to become mainstream, I think we will have to wait a little while before practical use cases.
Q. Are there any challenges coming from the fact that the regulatory environment here in Korea is different from that of Silicon Valley? What do you find the most difficult working in the blockchain industry?
I think Korea is quick to follow in the steps of the US in terms of policy. As the US has yet to solve a myriad of problems, it will also take a long time before Korea can reach a certain point. I think such challenges are commonly experienced by all industries in their early stages. The most difficult part for me is the fact that the price of cryptocurrencies tend to have a huge impact on the entire industry.
I think people in this field across the world will agree with me on this. Volatility is high owing to the market's unique characteristics, and because everything is still in its beginning stage. This is also why I mentioned that about two decades will be needed before we can see the full story of blockchain.
Q. Will you share any memorable experience you’ve had in the blockchain and digital assets market?
I've read a number of academic publications to gain in-depth knowledge about blockchain. There were two projects in particular whose teams I personally wanted to meet, and I was able to meet with the developers in my first week at Chain Partners. All the instances where I met with CEOs and developers of promising projects to establish partnerships made me realize that I have come to the right place at Chain Partners. After the organizational restructuring during early 2019, I became the Head of the Advisory within the Finance Service Group. As much as I am interested in witnessing the history of technological development, I also pay close attention to how capital is impacting the market as I am a business developer. I am concentrating on new opportunities that are created when blockchain technology and the financial industry intertwine. I feel as if I am standing in a once-in-a-lifetime moment of history where finance and the IT industries meet together.
03. Chain Partners is
“Part of History”
Q. How did you first join Chain Partners?
I received great offers from many companies and start-ups but decided to join Chain Partners after meeting with its members. As someone very accustomed to a fast-moving start-up culture in Seoul and Silicon Valley, I felt most at home in Chain Partners. I was searching for a start-up that could become the next unicorn, like a Google or Facebook, leading the market and quickly responding to new trends. Chain Partners had a good reputation as a company, as a trusted brand in Korea's blockchain industry, and it also had a corporate culture that pioneered multiple new frontiers. I was convinced I had come to the right place.
Q. What are the three most satisfying factors you found after working at Chain Partners?
Although there are many more than just three, I will try my best to narrow them down.
One of the biggest plusses comes from the colleagues on my team. Everyone at Chain Partners has a strong sense of responsibility and incredible capabilities. In particular, members in the Advisory part all have excellent fluency in foreign languages such as Chinese and English. Based on language proficiency and responsibility, each member has what it takes to expand our business all across the world. There was a time when our team had to communicate with Chinese project managers in order to develop a business case, and I was very impressed that we could easily transition. I had not experienced something like this back in Silicon Valley where we all spoke English or in code.
Second is the expertise of our engineering group. A group of highly skilled developers in the field of blockchain sits right next to me. This proximity makes collaboration much easier when I need to plan projects or seek technology advice. One of the strengths of Chain Partners is that developers and the Business Development (BD) part can actively collaborate to launch projects with great quality.
Lastly, I want to mention the company vision. It is 'thinking long-term, looking beyond the excessive profits gained by many blockchain ventures, and building blockchain technologies that real people want.' I think the mission directed towards creating a sound ecosystem and improving people's lives rather than profiting from selling certain products is making our company stronger and healthier. Chain Partners will grow into a global leader with a sustainable vision of contributing to the development of a sound blockchain ecosystem.

domain: economics


text:
Objectives To investigate the relationship between intestinal atresia and fetal growth, intrapartum cardiotocograph abnormalities and staining of the amniotic fluid in gastroschisis pregnancies.
Design Observational study of 115 gastroschisis pregnancies conceived between 1980 and 1996.
Setting South West Region of England.
Main outcome measures Birthweight, intrapartum cardiotocograph abnormality, staining of amniotic fluid and Apgar score.
Results There was no statistically significant difference between the Apgar scores or the frequency of amniotic fluid staining of gastroschisis cases with or without atresia. Patent bowel gastroschisis was associated significantly with more cardiotocograph abnormalities (61%vs 26%, P= 0.026) and reduced growth (P= 0.02), when compared with cases with intestinal atresia.
Conclusions Bile vomiting may be an important cause of amniotic fluid staining. Bowel atresia protects against the increased incidence of cardiotocograph and growth abnormality found in cases of gastroschisis which may reflect their aetiology.

domain: medical


Posted on July 15th, 2011
The Bombardier Challenger 604 has established a proven track record for dependability, reliability and outstanding value, making it the best-selling jet in its class. Offering the widest cabin of any true business jet available today, stand-up room of over six feet and a passive noise insulation system, it provides superior cabin comfort for its passengers. It comfortably seats 10 passengers and with a maximum cruise speed of Mach 0.82 (541 mph; 870km/h) and an intercontinental range of4,077 nautical miles (7,551 km), the Bombardier Challenger 604 is well suited for any mission. You can charter a Challenger 604 from JetOptions and you can view video here.


text:
The effect of viscosity on the spherical stability of oscillating gas bubbles
Gas bubbles driven in radial oscillations are subject to an instability of the spherical shape that is opposed by surface tension and viscosity. An exact linear formulation for the study of the phenomenon has been available for many years, but its complexity has discouraged a detailed investigation. With the recent theory of sonoluminescence of Lohse and co-workers [Hilgenfeldt et al., Phys. Fluids, 8, 2808 (1996)], there has been a renewed interest in the problem and new data have become available. This paper presents a numerical method for the solution of the pertinent equations and compares the theory with these new data. The coupling of the strong nonlinearity of the bubble radial oscillations with the parametric mechanism of the surface instability results in a very complex structure for the stability boundary. Nevertheless, a good agreement between theory and data is found. A comparison with earlier approximate models is also made.

domain: literature


We are witnessing new and organic bilateral and multilateral relationships emerging in the vacuum of global institutional leadership.
An informal grouping of countries that swiftly responded to COVID-19 have been quietly convening during the crisis to swap notes on the virus and share thoughts on the recovery ahead.
It comes as the UN Secretary-General António Guterres himself criticized a lack of global leadership and pandemic coordination— and as the EU considers restricting entry for American travelers.
The informal group that began convening in March includes Austria, Australia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, the Czech Republic, Israel, Singapore and New Zealand.
These nations— sharing few political or policy similarities— were brought together by Austria. Their key commonality is their fast-moving, early response to the pandemic.
Having mostly contained the virus, the group has begun sharing ideas on how to reopen— to each other.
Travel bubbles could sprout between Australia and Israel for example, and for all these “early movers” in and out of Denmark.
It’s possible a large safe travel zone linking all these nations is created in the months ahead.
Noticeably absent from these discussions are the United States and China — unthinkable in a global body only months ago.
These newfound informal relationships and policy liaisons will be another legacy of the pandemic, potentially reshaping the geo-political map for years to come.


text:
In 2007, the Office of Diversity Initiatives partnered with the Ugandan Supreme Court to establish an externship program. Eight students participated in the program that year, and in 2009, seven students from the Charleston School of Law travelled to Uganda to serve as externs for the Ugandan Justices.
Throughout the externship, students were able to learn about the Ugandan Judicial system and experience Ugandan culture. Additionally, students researched legal issues and drafted opinions for the Justices.
For more information about this externship, contact Celeste Palmer-Reese in the Office of Diversity Initiatives at firstname.lastname@example.org.

domain: sociology


Wood Plank Wall In Bathroom
It’s the end of an era for Jeff Bezos, who appear that his time as the CEO of Amazon would anon appear to a close.
Starting out in 1994 as an online bookstore, Amazon morphed into a multi-trillion-dollar aggregation with Bezos, 57, as the arena baton of it all. Since, he has accumulated a gigantic absolute acreage portfolio account upwards of $500 million, accounting for inflation. Ranging from backdrop in Beverly Hills to Seattle to acceptable ole’ West Texas, and alike cities like Washington, D.C., and New York City, Bezos has a home for anniversary climate.
Up until his annulment from Mackenzie Scott in 2019, he was account about $150 billion — authoritative him the richest being in the world. Afterward his divorce, Bezos still remained on Forbes’ 2020 account as the world’s wealthiest being for the third year in a row, admitting giving $36 billion account of his Amazon banal to his ex-wife. Today, Bezos is estimated to accept a net account of about $195 billion — sparked by the acceleration of Amazon’s portfolio amidst the pandemic.
While it charcoal cryptic at this point how the two accept absitively to admeasure up their absolute acreage assets, the homes he’s purchased are advance beyond the nation.
Scroll through to blink central the acceptable activity of Jeff Bezos.
Lincoln Square25 Central Park West | $13 million
Bezos has four apartments account $17.5 actor in the Century Abode at 25 Central Park West, which neighbors Central Park and has been home to artisan George Gershwin and “Friends” brilliant Matthew Perry.
Bezos bought three apartments in the architecture in 1999 for $7.65 actor (about $12.13 actor today), and he added a fourth to his accumulating for $5.3 actor in 2012.
The 33-story dual-tower architecture was congenital in 1932 by Irwin Chanin, who was accepted for Broadway amphitheater designs. The Art Deco exoteric and antechamber authority over 400 different condominiums, according to StreetEasy.
Madison Aboveboard Park212 Fifth Ave. | $96 million
At the acme of the communicable in April 2020, the online arcade magnate bankrupt on a $16 million, three-bedroom abode on the 20th attic of 212 Fifth Ave.
It’s the fifth time he bought an absolute attic in the 24-story architecture — he already alone $80 actor in June 2019 on the 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 24th floors of the building.
His 2019 apartment-spree included the acquirement of a three-story, five-bedroom, five-and-a-half bath accommodation and the two-unit attic below it, which he planned to amalgamate into a distinct mega-condo accretion 17,000 aboveboard feet, according to Realtor.com.
Bezos’s accommodation alike has an observatory. And anniversary assemblage in the building, which overlooks Madison Aboveboard Park, has galleried hallways, solid oak and marble floors and affluence finishes.
The august building, congenital in 1912, offers a fettle center, a yoga studio, a analysis room, a playroom, a bold room, a dining and affair room, a accouterment kitchen and a screening room.
Textile Museum2320-2330 S. Street, Kalorama | $23 million
The Amazon ambassador paid $23 actor in 2016 for the above Textile Museum in Washington’s flush Kalorama adjacency — again he got to assignment on a $12 actor renovation, according to a Washingtonian report.
Bezos purchased the acreage three years afterwards acceptable the sole buyer of The Washington Post.
The adjacency already housed Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump as able-bodied as Barack and Michelle Obama.
The brick exoteric has august Roman columns and balconies, a across-the-board backyard with a bubbler and a clandestine garden with brick-arched walkways.
Spanning 27,000 aboveboard feet, it was originally congenital in 1914. It holds ten bedrooms, eight abounding bathrooms, six crumb accommodation and 11 fireplaces.
Home beyond the street2325 S. Artery NW | $5 million
Bezos additionally bought the 4,800-square-foot home beyond the artery for $5,000,000 in January 2020 through the Capital Revocable Trust, which represents Bezos, the Washingtonian reported.
The four-bedroom home, congenital in 1951, has bristles abounding bathrooms and two crumb rooms. With alveolate ceilings, abundant acme molding, carved marble fireplaces and afflicted balk floors, it boasts a 700-bottle wine accommodation and a roof deck.
The brick and limestone-exterior home additionally offers a august dining room, affected country-style kitchen, applicant closets, balustrade and covered patio with alveolate skylight.
Harry Warner EstateNear Sunset Blvd. | $165 million
In a record-shattering accord aloof afore the coronavirus pandemic, Bezos purchased a $165 actor abode from billionaire ambassador David Geffen.
The beauteous 12,254-square-foot home abreast Sunset Boulevard reveals afflicted copse axle floors, adorn walls, diamond-shaped windows and hand-carved doors.
The eight-bedroom, 10-bathroom acreage contains a koi pond, a European garden, a lagoon-like basin and spa, waterfalls, a tennis court, a tree-lined asphalt driveway and a courtyard with an alfresco fireplace.
The acreage additionally boasts a dining allowance for 12, a academic active allowance with an aged fireplace, an indoor-outdoor bar, a bold allowance and a den with a fireplace. The kitchen has apparent board beam beams and hand-painted tiles, and there is alike an absorbed apartment.
The brick abode was congenital for Warner Bros. Studios architect Harry Warner in 1923. Chairs from the aboriginal Warner Bros. Studios accommodate basement in the in-home theater, according to the listing.
The owner’s accommodation has alveolate and beamed ceilings, bifold bathrooms, a alleviation area, a broiler and a wrap-around terrace.
The Tudor and French country-style home additionally has a two-story guesthouse that has hosted celebrities including Marilyn Monroe, according to the advertisement by Jade Mills Estates.
Spanish-style mansionN. Alpine Dr. | $24.5 million
The -to-be controlling armchair of Amazon bought this solar-powered seven-bedroom, seven-bathroom abode in 2007 for $24.45 million.
The Spanish-style home has apparent board beam beams, brownish attic tiles, abundant dejected and chicken adorning tiling, angled doors and board bank ceilings, according to the listing.
It has an eat-in kitchen with a fireplace, a ancestors room, a media allowance and an owner’s bedchamber with a clandestine balustrade and angle of the city.
On the two-acre estate, there are four alfresco gardens, a greenhouse, a alveolate and lit tennis court, a pond pool, an alfresco dining area, a abstracted bedfellow apartment, a six-car garage, patios and a motor court.
Contemporary homeN. Alpine Drive | $12.9 million
Bezos bought a second, adjoining acreage in Beverly Hills, Calif., in 2017 for $12.9 million.
The off-market accord added a half-acre to his absolute two acres. The contemporary-style, single-story home was congenital in 1956 and spans 4,500 aboveboard anxiety with four bedrooms and six bathrooms, according to Abode Global, which acclaimed that Google Maps shows a ample basin in the backyard.
Corn RanchCulberson and Hudspeth Counties
This 30,000-acre acreage in the west-most allotment of Texas is the abject for Bezos’ clandestine amplitude company, Dejected Origin.
But the acreage additionally has a four-bedroom gray adhesive home. Bezos purchased the abode from advocate Ronald Stasny for an alien bulk in 2004. Originally congenital in the 1920s, it underwent millions in renovations beneath Stasny, who said that Bezos advised to accumulate the abode mostly as-is back he purchased it. It has deer-antler chandeliers, oak furniture, actual photos and paintings of the ranch, a barn and a bedfellow house, according to a address by the Wall Artery Journal.
Bezos, who abounding elementary academy in Houston, said that he wants his ancestors to accept the adventitious to alive on a agronomical afterwards he got to break on his grandfather’s 25,000-acre agronomical in Cotulla, Texas, as a kid, according to the report.
Ranches in the breadth go for about $1,400 an acre, Realtor.com shows, and Stasny told the WSJ that Bezos paid a premium.
Evergreen PointNear the Post Office | $10 million
One of Bezos’ aboriginal homes he purchased afterward new-found success at the aggregation was in Medina, Seattle. He paid $10 actor in 1998 for a 20,600-square-foot, five-bedroom, four-bathroom house, according to Realtor.com. The 5.3-acre acreage in the blueblood Seattle suburb is amid abreast the bounded Post Office and grocery store, acreage annal show.
Then, in 2005, he reportedly spent $50 actor on a adjoining 8,300-square-foot abode with bristles bedrooms and four bathrooms. The backdrop accept a accumulated 310 anxiety of shoreline, according to Realtor.com.
Finally, Bezos plunked bottomward $28 actor in renovations on the accumulated acreage in 2010, according to Realtor.com, for a absolute of $88 actor spent on the acreage — $118 million, adjusting for inflation.
Medina Peninsula is attainable from Seattle via the longest amphibian arch in the world, spanning 7,710 anxiety beyond Lake Washington. The 1.4-square-mile burghal has a golf and country club founded in 1927, area association like to not alone golf but additionally bathe and comedy tennis, according to Abode Global.
Jeff Bezos’ $500M absolute acreage portfolio: See all his affluence houses Wire Services/ Page Six.
10 Wood Plank Wall In Bathroom


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This week we travel to the Old Testament, specifically the book of Ecclesiastes...
For today's card, I chose to use an apple green color with white card stock. I used a lovely daisy chain die on the bottom and added a few scattered pearls. I printed the sentiment on white and matted it before placing it slightly askew on the panel. A stamped and Copic colored die cut bee finishes it off! I can't wait for spring! How about you?
Until next time...
Stamps - Word Art Wednesday Digital
Ink - Memento Tuxedo Black, Copics
Die - Our Daily Bread Designs - Daisy Chain Background and Zinnia and Leaves
Stamps - Our Daily Bread Designs - Zinnia
Misc. - Recollections Pearls

domain: design


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Hand Portrait II
Acrylic on Canvas
18 x 24cm
The painting comes in a simple hand-made stripwood frame, painted white. P&P to UK address is included in the price.
Shipping to the UK is included in the price of the painting. If you're interested in purchasing from overseas, please drop me an email to discuss.

domain: artistic


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Picked up the #trouble #runtothelight on #vinyl and listening to #judaspriest #jugulator with #ripperowen on vocals. #bullettrain is an awesome song!
judas priest — bullet train
I have only seen Judas Priest once in my life and that was in the late 90’s, with their second singer Tim Ripper Owen. You ever see that movie Rockstar with Mark Walhburg… it was loosely based on him
I don’t care how mush of a hesher you think you are, metal was dead in the us…So all of the huge metal acts started playing the bigger clubs. I saw Slayer, Megadeth, cannibal corpse, Carcass, King Diamond, Pantera etc play at these smaller venues. Judas Priest with Tim Ripper played the 930 club and we got in for free. It was awesome and they played all of the classics. Yes Rob Halford is a better vocalist but seriously it was one of the best metal shows I have witnessed in my life time. Also listening to this song sounds better than a lot of the stuff thats out now…….
Walter from the minor thread just made these t shirts and they are super limited. In fact I just saw he put up a sweat shirt of this design limited to 4. Fugazi is one of those bands I must’ve seen over 20 times. Growing up in the DC area I felt like they must’ve played every other month around here. I am still a huge fan of them. So great, and their discography still holds up after all these years. This shirt used to be up on the local record stores and for some reason I never picked it up. Fast forward 20 years later I tried to pick one up off eBay and boom these bootlegs go for over 200 bucks. Thanks to Jason for giving me the heads up on this design. Hopefully a remake of the red fugazi aka first lp t shirt will be made next. Can’t wait to wear this !
miss you Omar!
Ill hit you up later!
Dave is selling his original confront demo his seller
Name is x cactus Dave x
Remember that va band #mayday who destroyed #integrity on their side of the split ep….. Thanks to @rvadavebrown who just sent me two unreleased songs from that same session
these need to stop
ps i threw in the picture of gus in there cause it seems to match… no offense to gus
pps i would actually wear a sweater if gus was on it
ppps he owns oak barbershop in portland oregon with kyle
pppps i sold him my godzilla and shogun toys

domain: hobby


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(September 2, 2022) Bluesound recently announced a new single-zone, wireless music streaming amplifier called Powernode Edge. It's an all-in-one device that combines streaming sources, control, and amplification in a small, room-friendly package. And priced at $649 US, it's easy on the wallet, too.
Harnessing the power of a 2x40 Watt (8 ohms) DirectDigital amplifier, the Powernode Edge can drive two passive speakers with the option of adding a PULSE SUB+ wireless subwoofer for a powerful but compact 2.1 stereo system. Alternatively, it can be tasked with powering the rear channels of a Bluesound wireless surround sound media setup.
Endowed with a Quad-Core 1.8GHz ARM Cortex A53 Processor, the Powernode Edge supports 24-bit/192kHz and MQA Hi-Res playback. This gives enthusiasts the ability to enjoy studio masters of favorite albums and elite levels of detail within music and media alike. It features direct access to 20 natively integrated music services and thousands of Internet Radio stations, and can be controlled by the BluOS Controller app. Dual-Band Wi-Fi and Gigabit Ethernet allow for playback from a personal music library, while AirPlay2 and aptX HD Bluetooth add a layer of streaming convenience familiar to nearly anyone. More traditional wired sources, such as a TV or pre-amplified turntable, can be connected using the HDMI eARC input or combo analog/digital input.
The Powernode Edge's small form factor lets the device seamlessly integrate with any room, boosted by an included multi-orientation wall bracket for mounting in a closet or behind a sofa. Additionally, its 1U rack height and half-rack width make it easy to stack and rack for custom installations.
Bluesound players can be linked around the home to create a high-performance, multi-room system using BluOS, a versatile whole-home, Hi-Res audio platform. Owners can send music from player to player or sync up multiple players to one stream for parties and gatherings. Easy control is always readily available via the BluOS Controller (iOS, Android, Mac, or PC), or by using the device's elegant glass touch panel for quick access to controls like Play, Pause, and Volume Up/Down. The Powernode Edge can integrate with the most popular smart home controllers like Crestron, Control4, URC, RTI, ELAN, and others, while hands-free control is possible with voice assistants like Apple’s Siri, Amazon Alexa, and Google Assistant.
Pre-orders are being taken now, with shipping expected to begin during early October. For more information or to place an order, visit www.bluesound.com.

domain: entertainment


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Poker is a game of skill that has been played around the world for many centuries. It has been called the national card game of the United States and is played by millions of people around the world. It is popular in private homes, casinos, and poker clubs. Most games have a fixed limit that restricts the amount of money a player may wager.
One of the earliest forms of the game is known as poque and originated in Europe during the 17th century. This version of the game was likely inspired by the Spanish game primero. A more modern version of the game, stud poker, was introduced in the American Civil War. These two games have different rules and are not necessarily related.
Poker is a game of skill that is best played at a table. The objective is to get chips from your opponents and make the best hand possible. You can do this by playing cards against cards, or betting your chips into a central pot. In either case, you are required to match your opponent’s bet.
Although the most basic form of the game involves putting chips into a central pot, there are hundreds of variations. Some of the most popular include stud, Omaha, and draw poker. Each type of poker variant has its own unique rules. Generally, the highest poker hand wins the pot. However, it is not uncommon for more than one player to be in contention after the last round.
For a more traditional poker game, each player is dealt five or seven cards. If the players are playing stud, each player will be given two extra cards. Cards are usually dealt face up, but can also be dealt face down. Card dealing is usually performed by the house dealer. He or she is responsible for shuffled cards, but each player has the option of taking a new card from the top of the deck.
The most important aspect of poker is predicting the odds of your opponent’s hand. Often, the determining factor is luck, but some players rely on their skills to help them beat the odds. To do this, you need to be able to read your opponents. Also, you need to know which cards are good and which ones are bad. When you win, you can collect the pot or pocket your winnings.
Poker games can be played at home, in a casino, or online. Online poker has become an increasingly popular activity. While the game has been played for centuries, it became more popular in the 21st century, with the proliferation of the Internet. Poker is a popular card game that continues to attract thousands of enthusiasts every day. Whether you’re an experienced poker player or you’re just looking to try a new activity, you’ll have a blast playing poker.
The poker industry is a huge one, with hundreds of different variants. However, the most popular versions are stud, jacks or better, and seven-card stud. Other variants include lowball, split-pot, and strip poker.

domain: game


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The Argyle Sweater presents a surreal, hilarious (and sometimes punny) look at the world you think you know. Armed with a willingness to explore every edge of the surreal, Scott Hilburn’s creation presents his sharply unique take on history, everyday life and the truly absurd.
The Argyle Sweater
Nancy was created in the 1930s by Ernie Bushmiller. Since 1995, the strip has been drawn and written by Guy Gilchrist. Nancy is famed for its gentle humor and playful sight gags. Nancy remains a devoted friend to her pal Sluggo, her Aunt Fritzi, and many others. Her childlike innocence never wavers.
Behold, two rabbits: Eightball, an ever-upbeat offbeat optimist, and Weenus, sarcastic and small, one-eyed, bitter. The latter is possessed by an Ignatizian longing for the unobtainable Trixie -- bohemian, reader of existential philosophy, master of the diatonic button accordion. And please take note of the foxes: Pif, rabbit-friend, smarter than he looks, caretaker of Jumpy the flea; and Preston, Pif’s dad, a hardcore carnivore, rabbit-hungry and dangerously dumb. There is beguiling beauty in this strange and colorful world, and also a duck named Doodles. Did we mention the MacGuffin in the briefcase? Let the show begin.
Rabbits Against Magic
Packed with humor and heart, Jump Start is a modern family comic strip with a classic feel. At the core of the Jump Start family is Joe Cobb, a big-city cop, and his wife, Marcy, a nurse in a bustling Philadelphia hospital. Their jobs are easy compared to the challenge of raising four kids.
Ripley's Believe It or Not has been presenting the incredible and the unusual in illustrated form since Robert Ripley's first "Champs and Chumps" comic published on Dec. 19, 1918. Currently, B.I.O.N. is illustrated by John Graziano, who has been working as an artist and illustrator since 1983, when he received a certificate in illustration from the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts. He has designed trading card sets and a portrait series based on the 1960s cult TV show "Dark Shadows." John has also created comic strips for "Scream Queens" magazine, designed t-shirts graphics and created storyboards and concept drawings for Hollywood films. Researcher Sabrina Sieck works as the voice behind the cartoon, reviewing potential stories, filtering through the hundreds of weekly submissions and putting together the stories for John to bring to life. New submissions are always welcome. Just click here.
Ripley's Believe It or Not
Sarah doesn't like waking up in the morning, being productive, or dealing with social situations. “Sarah's Scribbles” is a comic strip that follows her life, finding humor in that which is weird, awkward, and embarrassing. This comic is for barely-functioning people, created by a barely-functioning person. This comic updates on Saturdays
La Cucaracha is a unique strip that provides a view of the world through the lens of its Latino characters and the mind of acclaimed creator Lalo Alcaraz, whose experiences growing up on the U.S./Mexico border inform the satirical wit of the strip.
Whether they are arguing about The Perfesser’s bad writing or offering each other advice on the opposite sex, Shoe's treetop crew of characters maintains a comical, spirited banter.
Gary Brookins and Susie MacNelly
Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal (SMBC) is a daily gag comic about science, love, sex, religion, philosophy, economics, and other topics probably best left to people who know what they're talking about.
Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal
Pairing vintage comic art with hilarious, new dialog by Disney veteran writer John Lustig, Last Kiss revels in the absurdities of love, lust and 'life with lip.' The series originated when Lustig bought the publishing rights to a romance comic book series from the 50's and 60's, and started rewriting the stories for fun. Since then, the re-dialogued comics have been a popular feature in newspapers, magazines, comic books and greeting cards. Today Last Kiss is gaining popularity and is also available on email cards from Jib Jab and greeting cards from NobleWorks. Check www.lastkissinc.com for the latest news and product launches.


A Christian elementary and middle school in the San Diego suburb of Santa Fe that Oscar-nominated actress Michelle Williams once attended said Thursday that it does not wish to be associated with her. Williams, who is nominated for her role as the embittered wife of a gay cowboy in Brokeback Mountain, attended the school until she was 16 years old, when she won a role in the TV series Dawson's Creek. In an interview with the San Diego Union-Tribune, headmaster Jim Hopson said, "We don't want to have anything to do with her in relation to that movie. ... Michelle doesn't represent the values of this institution. ... We'd not like to be tied to Brokeback Mountain."
Captain Pugwash is coming to the big screen, to be played by 'Hot Fuzz' star Nick Frost.
After a week-long residency on 'The Late Late Show' plugging his debut solo album, Styles inevitably joined host Corden for an episode of 'Carpool...


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Adjust your filters, and search by page. Click any print you want to look at in more detail.
Sue Bates Artist
After retiring and downsizing I started to paint for pleasure because I had the time at last. I won a local "Art Trail" competition and people started to want buy my work as a result. My better half makes cards from some of my paintings which are quite popular locally.


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In the previous installation of Modern Eating Disorders, we looked at how some people have become obsessed with the idea of clean food. Clean food being defined as any food that doesn’t come from an animal.
On the opposite side of the spectrum, many people are equally passionate about banning all grains as well as most dairy from the human diet. Enter the paleo diet.
Simply put, the paleo diet is characterized by striving to recreate the diet of our prehistoric ancestors. Meats (including fish and seafood), eggs, mostly non-starchy vegetables (depending on who you ask), nuts, seeds and berries are the stars of this menu. But grains are out and while some will permit goat milk products, cow’s milk is completely out.
In my experience, most people moving toward the paleo diet are 1) former vegans who failed miserably and became exceedingly allergic to grains as a result of relying too heavily on them or 2) fitness enthusiasts, who find that leaning towards more whole protein to the exclusion of grains and dairy have a positive effect on their results. The latter, unfortunately, often confuses this diet with conventional weight loss schemes and end up endorsing ultra-low fat versions of meat and eggs as they would never be found in nature.
While I do believe that the paleo diet has many virtues for health (I had to dive into a version of it, while recovering from illness — although at the time it didn’t have a name), for many adherents it unfortunately has taken on cult status. Paleo advocates rarely say “I don’t tolerate grains or milk.” They say “Everybody should avoid grains! We were never designed to eat them! People shouldn’t drink milk after weaning.”
The milk bias is clearly a holdover from the vegan agenda — a misunderstanding of the role of milk in the human diet as well as in the diet of other animals. Unbeknownst to most people, many mammals enjoy drinking the milk of other animals. Just ask any milk farmer and they will tell you that everybody tries to get in the barn during milking time.
As for grains, most people miss the importance that grains have played in the evolution of man. When woman (most likely) began planting and harvesting grain, it served as a form of sustaining energy from other sources (namely meat and fat) as well as a way of having something on hand to eat through months were other foods were scarce. What has changed is the way in which we eat grains today. First and foremost, in the modern era, grains bear very little resemblance to their forebears. With seed companies selectively breeding grains to influence certain traits, and hundreds of pesticides being sprayed on crops, it’s no wonder that our bodies have come to view grains as an enemy! For example, the return to ancient grains such as spelt, kamut and einkorn has been quite an eye-opener for many people who believed they were gluten intolerant (gluten being the main protein in wheat, rye, and barley). While spelt, kamut and einkorn also contain gluten, many “gluten intolerant” people are able to digest them without any ill effects.
Similarly, many people switching from conventionally produced puss and blood filled ultra-pasteurized milk available on most supermarket shelves to raw cow’s milk have found that all the health problems they associated with dairy completely disappeared.
Another change we have seen with grains over the past several decades is the way in which we prepare them. It is little secret that heavily refined, enriched white flour can wreak havoc on our bodies, but the sudden switch to whole grains is not necessarily the answer.
When I began doing research on grain cooking, I began collecting old cookbooks because they are the least influenced by popular dogma. What I found was quite curious. Old cookbooks, even those going back to the time of the American Revolution, used white flour! But in a few books where whole grains were used, they were soaked overnight before cooking.


Yu Yuphoria vs Redmi 2 specs shootout
The Yu Yuphoria was recently launched for the market in India and the first flash sale will take place later this month. One of its major contenders will be the popular Xiaomi Redmi 2, which has exactly the same price. Therefore we’re considering the Yu Yuphoria vs. Redmi 2 in this specs shootout, to give an idea of what each brings to the table.
We’ve recently shown a comparison of the Yu Yuphoria vs. Micromax Canvas Spark, another recent addition to the smartphone scene. Several readers have requested a comparison of the Yuphoria and Redmi 2 though, and your wish is our command! We’ll break down the key specs of each and this should help you to decide which would be the best choice for you.
There’s nothing between them here as both phones have a 1.2GHz Snapdragon 410 quad-core processor and Adreno 306 graphics.
The Yu Yuphoria has a 5-inch IPS LCD display with HD resolution of 1280 x 720 resulting in 294 ppi. The Redmi 2 has a 4.7-inch IPS LCD display with the same 1280 x 720 resolution giving 312 ppi.
RAM and Storage
The Yuphoria has 2GB of RAM and 16GB of internal storage that’s expandable via microSD to 32GB. The Redmi 2 has 1GB of RAM and 8GB of internal storage, also expandable to 32GB. (In some markets the Redmi 2 is also available in a 2GB of RAM version with 16GB of internal memory).
Both handsets have an 8-megapixel rear camera with autofocus, LED flash, and 1080p video capture. However, the Yu Yuphoria has a 5-megapixel front-facing camera while the Redmi 2 has a 2-megapixel front-facing unit.
There’s virtually nothing in it here as the Yu Yuphoria has a 2230 mAh removable battery while the Redmi 2 has a 2200 mAh removable battery.
Both phones support 4G LTE, 3G, WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, WiFi hotspot, Bluetooth 4.0, GPS, and microUSB 2.0. The Redmi 2 also has WiFi Direct, USB OTG, and USB Host.
This could be a deciding factor for some people as the Yu Yuphoria runs Cyanogen 12 OS based on Android 5.0.2 Lollipop offering a more customizable experience. The Redmi 2 runs Android 4.4.4 KitKat with Xiaomi’s MIUI 6.0.
Dimensions and Weight
The Yuphoria measures 142.38mm x 72.96mm x 8.2mm and weighs 143g. The Redmi 2 measures 134mm x 67.2mm x 9.4mm and weighs 133g.
Both of these smartphones are priced at Rs. 6,999.
We’ll also point out that both of these handsets are dual SIM (micro SIM and dual standby). Potential buyers will also need to take into account after-sales service, build quality, and their preference of design. Looking at specs there are some similarities between them but the Yu Yuphoria has more advantages.
Just a few examples are that the Yuphoria has a larger display, more RAM and internal storage, and a better front-facing snapper, It also runs a later version of Android with the CyanogenMod software experience. The Redmi 2 does have a slightly higher display ppi but that’s only because it has a smaller screen, but other than that the Yuphoria has more to recommend it. That is of course, if you want to try the Cyanogen experience.
Ultimately both of these smartphones offer real value for money and it will be interesting to see the impact that the Yu Yuphoria has on the market. Are you more likely to purchase the Yu Yuphoria or the Xiaomi Redmi 2 smartphone?


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If you are looking for a cheap flight from Cardiff to Edinburgh, with Jetcost you can find and compare the best low cost flight deals in seconds. Just enter the dates of your trip and in a few moments you can compare the offers of more than 600 low cost and scheduled airlines. Find your Cardiff - Edinburgh airline ticket at the best price without wasting time with Jetcost.
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Flight prices can vary a lot depending on the period and destination. At the moment, this information is not available for flights from Cardiff to Edinburgh.
Cardiff is about 510 km from Edinburgh.
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domain: geography


Downalod a rare performance by Shakira in Madrid, Spain at El Concierto De Los Número 1 held at the Vicente Calderón Stadium by the Spanish radio network Los 40 Principales.
Date: June 17, 2006
Shakira performed the piano version of No, which was the only time that she did so. Alejando Sanz then joined her on stage for La Tortura. And later Shakira with many other Spanish and Latin artists performed Corazón Partío (Alejandro Sanz’s song).
credits: Deri, Draz, shakiramedia


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Few phenomena are as formative of our adventure of the visible international as monitors of affliction. yet what does it suggest to have a moral event of irritating or traumatizing pictures? what sort of moral proposition does a picture of discomfort mobilize? How may possibly the spectator research from and utilize the painful snapshot as a resource of moral mirrored image? enticing with a variety of visible media--from portray, theatre, and sculpture, to images, movie, and video--this interdisciplinary selection of essays by way of top and rising students of visible tradition deals a reappraisal of the more and more complicated courting among photos of ache and the ethics of viewing. Ethics and photographs of Pain reconsiders the continual and ever pertinent nexus of aesthetics and ethics, the position of painful photographs as turbines of unpredictable varieties of impact, the ethical transformation of spectatorship, the ambivalence of the witness and the illustration of afflication as a primary kind of our shared scopic event. The instructive and illuminating essays within the assortment introduce a phenomenological context within which to make experience of our present ecology of excruciating photographs, one who accentuates notions of accountability, empathy, and mind's eye. members hint the photographs of soreness throughout a miscellany of case reports, and among the subjects addressed are: the paintings of artists as disparate as Doris Salcedo, Anselm Kiefer and Bendik Riis; photos from Abu Ghraib and Rwanda; Hollywood warfare movies and lively documentaries; performances of self-immolations and incidents of police brutality captured on cellphones.
Read Online or Download Ethics and Images of Pain PDF
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domain: library