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Cleveland County looks to rebrand
New website, logo in the works
SHELBY - An initiative is underway to bring Cleveland County's "brand" to the forefront of residents' minds.
Kerri Melton, community services director, said the board of commissioners have been working with other county departments on ways to market and rebrand Cleveland County.
The commissioners approved $60,000 for the project in last year's budget. Melton said the funding will cover the contract with Dragonfly Marketing, who is working on the re-branding and new county logo design, as well as Revise Software Solutions, who was hired to complete the website revamp.
Melton said a more updated and accessible website will help residents and visitors navigate it much faster and more easily than before.
"We offer a lot of online services, but people don’t know where to find them," she said. "It’s the world we live in today; When I go to a new community to live or to visit, the first thing I do is look at its website. We want to give ours a much cleaner, more modern look."
Melton said students from a Master's program at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill are also assisting the county by brainstorming ways to approach the concept of rebranding.
"The biggest thing we’re looking at is the importance of community engagement. We want the residents brought into this, and we want to know what do they feel when they think of Cleveland County?" she said.
To provide that necessary feedback, Melton said a community-wide survey is available for all Cleveland County residents. "I want residents to understand that it is important to our board for the citizens to be part of the process," she said. "With the ever-changing landscape of recreation, business and industry in Cleveland County, the (board) wants the community’s input to ensure the new brand is a true reflection of how they see the Cleveland County today."
Board of Commissioners Chairman Eddie Holbrook said the board has been pushing toward this initiative for several years.
"It you don’t strive to improve and advance, you decline, and we're not interested in going in the wrong direction," he said.
He said the big-picture goal is to continue drawing in new industry and business, while maintaining residents' desire to make their home in Cleveland County.
"We want to continue to be a more attractive place for business and industry, but also a better place for our people to live in," he said. "We're working to prioritize those things we need to zero in on. It’s a complex and challenging, but necessary, thing we’ve got to do."


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Of course, what matters most is ending the season with a win – and only four fortunate Michigan high school girls basketball teams do so every winter.
But as we cruise into the second half of this regular season, it’s notable to highlight the 18 teams that have played nearly two months without experiencing defeat.
We detail a few of those below, but the list in whole includes Farmington Hills Mercy, Detroit Renaissance, Temperance Bedford, North Farmington and Flint Carman-Ainsworth from Division 1; Escanaba, Grand Rapids West Catholic, Lake Fenton, Haslett, Vicksburg and Warren Fitzgerald in Division 2; Bronson and Detroit Osborn in Division 3, and Kingston, Morenci, Mackinaw City, Brethren and Norway in Division 4.
Week in Review
The countdown of last week’s five most intriguing results:
1. Haslett 55, DeWitt 52 The Division 2 Vikings (12-0) won this nonleague matchup of undefeated teams, sending Division 1 DeWitt to 10-1.
2. Flint Carman-Ainsworth 45, Grand Blanc 43 The Cavaliers (10-0) remained undefeated overall and also in the Saginaw Valley League in handing the Bobcats (8-4) their first SVL loss.
3. East Grand Rapids 49, Lowell 40 The Pioneers (10-2) bounced back from defeat to hand Lowell (10-2) its first loss of the season.
4. Morenci 48, Petersburg Summerfield 41 Morenci (12-0) maintained an edge both locally in the Tri-County Conference and statewide in Division 4 with Summerfield (12-2) also among the elite.
5. Utica Eisenhower 47, Grosse Pointe North 46 After losing to North by 14 a month ago, Eisenhower (9-3) evened the season series with this close win over the Norsemen (11-2).
With an eye toward March, here are two teams in each division making sparks:
Brighton (8-3) In finishing 17-8 and fourth last season in the Kensington Lakes Activities Association West, Brighton lost twice to Howell, Northville and Brighton. In leading the conference this winter, Brighton has defeated all three plus second-place Salem by 20 points. The Bulldogs are on an eight-game winning streak after opening 0-3 with two of those losses to teams still undefeated.
West Bloomfield (11-2) The reigning Division 1 champion Lakers also have won eight straight, with their only losses to reigning Division 3 champion Ypsilanti Arbor Prep (by four) and Indiana power South Bend Washington. Meanwhile, West Bloomfield has wins over South Lyon East, Rochester Hills Stoney Creek, Clarkston and Rochester – which all have won at least eight games – plus Detroit Cass Tech and Illinois power Chicago Kenwood.
Dearborn Divine Child (11-2) The Falcons opened the calendar year with a solid 63-62 win over Redford Westfield Prep, then had a brief bobble with losses to Warren Regina and Ann Arbor Father Gabriel Richard – but are right back in contention in the Detroit Catholic League Central with their first meeting with league leader Farmington Hills Mercy on Tuesday. Divine Child is coming off defeating eight-win Grosse Ile, and also has a nice victory over Salem and handed Dansville its only loss this winter.
Houghton (10-1) The Gremlins are coming off a 51-46 win over another Upper Peninsula contender in Calumet, and have won six straight since their lone defeat to West Iron County. Last season’s 18-4 finish included a split with the Copper Kings, a sweep by Hancock and a playoff loss to Negaunee. Houghton also has a win over Negaunee this season and sees Hancock for the first time Feb. 9. Six of 10 wins are against teams .500 or better, with a 14-point victory over 10-win Baraga another major highlight.
Elk Rapids (9-2) There may have been no better way to come back from a Jan. 13 loss to Traverse City St. Francis than Elk Rapids’ 51-42 win over Harbor Springs four days later, and those three teams all top the Lake Michigan Conference with one league loss apiece. Elk Rapids’ only other defeat was to Division 4 contender Maple City Glen Lake. The Elks won the LMC last season before losing to St. Francis in their District, and get the next chance to break that streak against the Gladiators on Feb. 9.
Ypsilanti Arbor Prep (6-4) The Gators always load their regular-season schedule in preparation for the postseason, and it paid off with another Division 3 title last winter. This season’s losses were to Division 2 Westfield Prep, Lake Fenton and Chelsea (two of those in overtime), and to Illinois power Chicago Butler. As noted above, Arbor Prep has defeated West Bloomfield, among four teams with double-digit wins – Tecumseh, Father Gabriel Richard and Madison Heights Bishop Foley are the others.
Gaylord St. Mary (9-2) The Snowbirds have won nine straight since opening with losses to still-undefeated Escanaba and New Lothrop. All nine of those wins have come by double digits as St. Mary has vaulted back to the top of the Ski Valley Conference after sharing the title in 2021 and winning it outright last season. Expectations should remain high again after last season’s playoff run ended in the Quarterfinals against eventual champion Fowler.
Pittsford (10-2) The Wildcats also have won nine straight, all by double digits as well, as they seek to build off last year’s 18-4 finish. The losses came early to Hudson and Sand Creek, who both have won at least eight games, and Pittsford also has avenged last season’s defeat to Athens – another eight-game winner so far this winter. Pittsford more recently defeated Hillsdale Academy, a nine-game winner, in a key Southern Central Athletic Association matchup.
Be on the lookout for results of these games coming up:
Tuesday – Dearborn Divine Child (11-2) at Farmington Hills Mercy (12-0) – As noted above, this matches two of the top three in the Catholic League Central and after these two split last season’s two meetings.
Tuesday – Byron Center (10-3) at East Grand Rapids (10-2) – EGR has a Saturday matchup with undefeated Detroit Renaissance, but first up is a key Ottawa-Kent Conference White meeting with league leader Byron Center.
Friday – Escanaba (13-0) at Calumet (9-2) – Two of the best in the Upper Peninsula face off, and they’ll actually see each other a second time Feb. 10 when both could be on their ways to league titles.
Friday – Bay City Western (11-1) at Flint Carman-Ainsworth (10-0) – These are two of three still undefeated in the Saginaw Valley League, with the only loss between them Western’s to Big North Conference contender Traverse City Central.
Friday – Temperance Bedford (12-0) at Saline (11-1) – A Saline loss last week to Grass Lake kept this from being a matchup of undefeated squads, but these two top the Southeastern Conference Red and are among the highly-regarded statewide in Division 1.
MHSAA.com's weekly “Breslin Bound” previews and reviews are powered by MI Student Aid, a part of the Office of Postsecondary Financial Planning located within the Michigan Department of Treasury. MI Student Aid encourages students to pursue postsecondary education by providing access to student financial resources and information. MI Student Aid administers the state’s 529 college savings programs (MET/MESP), as well as scholarship and grant programs that help make college Accessible, Affordable and Attainable for you. Connect with MI Student Aid at www.michigan.gov/mistudentaid and find more information on Facebook and Twitter @mistudentaid.
PHOTOS (Top) Dansville sets up to defend during last week's 38-28 win over Bath. (Middle) Rochester Hills Lutheran Northwest's Aliyah Ozias (2) drives to the basket against Bloomfield Hills Cranbrook Kingswood during a 62-32 victory. (Top photo by Click by Christine McCallister. Middle photo by Chris Mudd; click for more from National Photo Scout Action Photos.)
VICKSBURG – It is not often that a mother calls her child’s concussion a blessing, but it certainly was for Vicksburg senior Tristin Abnet.
The concussion, sustained her freshman year during a volleyball game, led to tests which led to the discovery of a brain tumor.
Luckily, the tumor was benign and, after the surgery and a long recovery, Abnet is one of two seniors on the undefeated girls basketball team that has set a program record this winter for most wins in a season at 16 and counting, eclipsing the previous mark of 15.
And when it comes to Abnet’s journey over the last three years, Bulldogs coach Tim Kirby said it’s been nothing short of amazing.
After taking a hit during a volleyball game, “I actually got a concussion and I ended up with a headache for about a month or so,” Abnet said.
“I didn’t think too much of it because I always got injuries and always got over them. But this one scared me a little bit.”
It was not until she was playing in a college exposure softball tournament that November that she realized something more was going on.
“Tristin was an up-and-coming softball athlete throughout the country,” her dad, Cheyenne, said. “She won many national championships up to her freshman year (in travel softball).
“We were playing at a college exposure tournament, and she was the youngest on the team. The third day (of the tournament) she started crying because her headache was so bad. She asked me if I would take her out.”
Her mother, Kristina, added, “That was so unlike T. She would battle through anything.”
At that moment, they knew something was terribly wrong.
“She was only making it through maybe two days of school every week because of headaches,” Kristina said. “We took her to her family doctor (in November), and they weren’t comfortable with everything.
“Her doctor (Rosa Maira) said she felt it necessary to do further imaging. Had she not, we’d still never know.”
The wait during the imaging dragged on, causing a bit of concern for her parents.
“They kept her for so long, and I said there’s something wrong – Mother’s intuition,” Kristina said.
“Then they came out and took us back and showed us what they found and asked to do further testing. Everything snowballed after that.”
Finding out about the tumor, “My world crashed,” Kristina said, with tears in her eyes. “(In 2011) I had a lot of tumors, desmoid tumors, and to think of the battle I went through and the fact that it was on her brain, it was tough.”
In March, doctors performed a biopsy, finding Tristin’s tumor was a low-grade glioma, which is benign.
“We all lost it that day,” Kristina said. “We had our entire family there for her first surgery in March. We left (the hospital) three days later, and then COVID hit.”
With classes online, “She ended up not having to go back to school that year, so that was a blessing too.”
The surgery to remove the tumor was scheduled for August 2020, and during the months between the biopsy and surgery, Tristin said, “I didn’t want to freak myself out because I knew it was coming, I knew what was going to happen and there was nothing I could do about it.”
Her dad said Tristin “never cried in front of me from the day at the tournament all the way to the day of her surgery.
“She was so, so strong, and she was just a little girl. I never saw a tear until they were ready to wheel her away for the surgery.”
One worry for Tristin was the chance of losing her hair to facilitate the craniotomy.
“First they told me they were going to shave my head halfway back and then, as I was getting wheeled back, there were two girl nurses talking about what they were going to do with my hair, so I knew they weren’t going to completely shave my head,” Abnet said.
The surgery lasted 13 hours at Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital in Grand Rapids, and three days later she was headed home to her bedroom decorated by friends and family.
At first, Tristin was allowed no competition for six months after the surgery. But after a CT scan, doctors added another two months before giving her the OK to play.
“There are (three) metal plates there, that’s why she could not go back to sports for such a long time because that plate had to heal,” her dad said.
Although she could not play basketball her sophomore year, she found a way to stay involved: She became the varsity team manager.
“As a sophomore she literally was here for every practice and every game, even though she wasn’t allowed to participate,” Kirby said.
“At the end of the season, her team unanimously voted her “best teammate” on the entire team, and she couldn’t play. I think that’s a testament to the kind of person she is and the impact she had on the team.”
After taking a year off and after major surgery, Abnet had a lot of catching up to do, both physically and mentally, during her junior year, her coach said.
“Last year, you just wanted to make sure you kept her safe,” Kirby noted. “This year, I haven’t worried about it as much because she’s been through it and we’re all more comfortable with it.
“She knows what her limitations are. Last year, I was a little more leery about it.”
Tristin worked her way back into shape.
“She goes to the gym four days a week,” her mom said. “She’s literally built up about 10 pounds of muscle.
“She lost 35 pounds after her brain surgery. She went from being a fit athlete to being very tiny, very fragile.”
Those first few games back last year were also nail-biters.
“I was absolutely terrified,” her mom said. “One hit to her head and her forehead could concave.”
They were a bit daunting for Tristin as well.
“I was super, super nervous because I didn’t want to get hit in the head and have to go through that surgery again,” she said.
Her dad added that the surgery changed her.
“She’s not the athlete she was four years ago; she’s not, and that’s fine,” Cheyenne said. “It took me a while as Dad, as (softball) coach, to understand that. I’m proud of her.”
Through it all, she never let her grades suffer and carries a 4.13 GPA.
She is also called the team “mom,” taking snacks to road games and putting out reminders every day in the team’s group chat.
“She inspires me every single day,” Kirby said. “When you’re a young team, you have to have that leadership. She’s a great leader for us. She bonds everybody together.”
That bonding is one thing that is so special about the Bulldogs, Kirby said.
“They work hard every day and they share the basketball like nobody I’ve ever seen before,” he explained. “Every night, someone else leads us in scoring.
“I’ve had seven different girls lead us in scoring this year, and I don’t have anyone averaging 10 points a game right now.”
Amanda Laugher joins Abnet as the team’s seniors. The young roster also includes juniors Brooklynn Ringler, Emma Steele and Maddison Diekman and sophomores Scarlett Hosner, Kendra Cooley, Emily Zemitans, Makayla Allen and Hannah Devries.
As for the school record, that was not the team’s goal at the beginning of the season.
“Our goal this year is to win the (Wolverine) Conference championship,” Kirby said. “Vicksburg has never won a conference championship in girls basketball. That was our No. 1 goal this year.
“We host our District this year, so we’re hoping maybe to follow up a conference championship with a District championship. You get to that point, and it’s all gravy.”
Pam Shebest served as a sportswriter at the Kalamazoo Gazette from 1985-2009 after 11 years part-time with the Gazette while teaching French and English at White Pigeon High School. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org with story ideas for Calhoun, Kalamazoo and Van Buren counties.
PHOTOS (Top) Vicksburg’s Tristin Abnet is glad to be back on the court, and intense going to the basket. (2) Stitches stretched across Abnet’s scalp as three metal plates and a hinge were applied to her skull. (3) Abnet is surrounded by support including parents Cheyenne, left, and Kristina, and coach Tim Kirby. (4) Abnet launches a jumper during a game with Stevensville Lakeshore. (Photos courtesy of the Abnet family.)

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Legislative Assembly for the ACT: 2017 Week 14 Hansard (Tuesday, 28 November 2017) . . Page.. 5076 ..
Through Soccer Canberra and many other organisations, Steve was a champion for the sport locally, particularly using it as a way for Canberrans across the world to form new bonds and long-lasting relationships. For a very long time, Steve and I shared the sports portfolio across this chamber. He was a diligent and knowledgeable shadow minister for sport who always kept this minister on his toes.
I was honoured this week to offer Steve’s family a state funeral service as a mark of respect and in recognition of his contribution to the people of the ACT, both through his long service as a member of the Legislative Assembly and through the numerous community and charitable organisations that he devoted his time and his efforts to.
At this difficult time my thoughts and those of my colleagues, and indeed everyone in the ACT government, are with Maureen and the extended Doszpot family and friends. We do note with great sadness Steve’s passing, but I acknowledge no more fitting a gesture in this place than what sits at his table now [a soccer ball].
MR COE (Yerrabi—Leader of the Opposition) (10.05): It is too soon that we are meeting in these circumstances. The Assembly is down a man. But whilst the Liberals have only 10 players on the pitch, Steve still has the ball.
What we saw in Steve over the last 12 months was an extraordinary demonstration of humility, compassion, strength and selflessness. I remember having a coffee with him in Yarralumla, back in January. He passed on the news to me about his illness. He told me that the initial prognosis was not good, but he was going to fight it, and fight it he did.
As I said in my statement on the weekend, here was a person who had every reason to be self-absorbed, but he was not. He was the opposite. He would frequently apologise for not doing more work or for not being able to participate as much as he would like. Of course, I would tell him that no apology was necessary, but he was always more concerned about everyone else than himself. Steve was a team player.
I know Steve was delighted to see Australia progress to the World Cup finals just two weeks ago. I know these World Cup finals and those campaigns over the years have brought so much joy and heartbreak to millions of football fans, including Steve. Now he joins friends and football fans such as Johnny Warren, Charlie Perkins and Les Murray as past champions of the world game in Australia.
A few weeks ago we all got to share our thoughts about Steve’s legacy and express our thanks in person for the friendship that we have all had with him. Steve served our city with distinction. He was a great man. I am pleased that he and his family were able to hear from his colleagues just how much we respect him.
I am also pleased that Steve will be honoured with a state funeral, and I thank the Chief Minister for offering the family this. On Friday our city will formally say goodbye to the young boy from Budapest who came to Australia not knowing any English, who worked hard, raised a family, started a business, thrived in the commercial world and became a member of parliament. It is a great Australian story.


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After clinching its fifth straight Kronschnable Trophy in a 7-1 win on Saturday against Marin, the Adrian College women’s hockey team finished the regular season Sunday with a little less offensive fire power as the No. 5 Bulldogs tied Marian 1-1 in Northern Collegiate Hockey Association play.
Much like Saturday’s game, the two teams played even at 0-0 in the first period.
Adrian (19-4-2, 15-1-2 NCHA) went off in the second period on Saturday and on Sunday it scored as well when Brianna Buchanan and Tory Harshman assisted Kortney Diaz at the 6:52 mark on a power play goal.
That was the only goal the Bulldogs were able to get by Marian goalie Lindsey Strainis as she made 46 saves to earn the tie.
At the 8:44 mark in the third Marian was able to get the equalizer when Morgan Bolin scored a power play goal off assists from Ally Fox and Alexis Peterson.
Denisa Jandova made 21 saves in the tie.
By claiming the NCHA regular season championship on Saturday, the Bulldogs earned home ice advantage throughout the Slaats Cup playoffs.
Slaats Cup play begins at 7 p.m. Friday against St. Norbert with game 2 beginning at 3 p.m. on Friday with both games at Arrington Ice Arena.
The Bulldogs are 2-0 against St. Norbert with a pair of 4-1 and 4-2 wins Feb. 8-9, also at Arrington Ice Arena.
TRACK AND FIELD
Siena Heights at WHAC Indoor Championship: At Grand Rapids, the SHU women’s track team took third at the Wolverine-Hoosier Athletic Conference Indoor Track and Field Championships on Saturday while the men took fifth at Aquinas College.
The women scored 141 points training host Aquinas at 190 and Indiana Tech at 175 while the men posted 73 to trail champions Indiana Tech (273.5), Aquinas (153), Cornerstone (87.5) and Madonna (85).
Claiming WHAC championships for the SHU women were Haley Hudson (Madison) in the shot put with a throw of 46-feet-11 1/2-inches, Rachel O’Neill in the weight throw (52-2 1/5) and Mildrenae Young-Brooks in the 60-meter hurdles (8.6). Taking second for the Saints were the 4x400 relay team of Madisyn Kleinschmit, Delaney Stersic (Madison), Emily Hill and Young-Brooks with a time of 4:03.59.
Kierra Rice took second in the 60 hurdles right behind Young-Brooks with an 8.86 while the Saints also went one, two and three in teh shot put with Courtney Taylor taking second (42-6) behind Hudson while O’Neill was third (41-4 1/2). Hannah Cain took second in the pole vault with a height of 11-2 1/2.
Young-Brooks also took a third place finish in the long jump (18-8) while Andrea Crowe took third in the 5,000 meter (18:16.33) and Asia Gardner was third in the 60-meter dash (7.69).
Winning WHAC titles for the men was Brent Rodden in the 800 (1:56.45) while Robert Drew won the weight toss (54-10 3/4). Rodden was part of the 4x400 relay team that took second along with Jordan Parkinson, Matt Lentine and William Jackson with a time of 8:03.54.


Hyderabad: The Cyberabad Police Commissionerate has developed a court monitoring app which will aid police officials and prosecutors to supervise, monitor and work as a team.
This App will be used by officers of all ranks i.e. from Commissioner of Police to the Court Duty Officers in supervising the day to day progress of the trial of cases.
Based on the stage and progress of every case, the officers will be able to define and plan their next course of action. This APP will also help the Prosecution Review Committee in identifying the lapses or gaps which need to be corrected or to improve the investigation quality and hence the conviction rate.
The app was launched by Police Commissioner Stephen Raveendra in the presence of Joint CP Avinash Mohanty, Deputy Director Prosecutions (RR District) and other police officials, count duty officers, court constables and others participated.


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IANS | October 12, 2017 3:06 PM
Two experimental vaccines against the Ebola virus have demonstrated both safety and the ability to elicit an immune response that would last for at least one year, results of a clinical trial have shown.
Associated Press | October 12, 2017 2:51 AM
While the obesity rate among children in rich countries may have peaked, kids in developing countries are increasingly putting on unhealthy pounds, according to research released today.
PTI | October 10, 2017 5:19 PM
A technology start-up in Singapore has designed a robot masseuse that specialises in back and knee massages. Named Emma, short for Expert Manipulative Massage Automation, the robot mimics the human palm and thumb to replicate therapeutic massages such as shiatsu and physiotherapy.
PTI | October 10, 2017 2:09 AM
A boy, aged just one year and nine months, suffering from a spinal deformity along with tuberculosis, underwent a four-hour long successful surgery at a private hospital here.
FE Online | October 9, 2017 10:39 AM
This new vaccine will be tested on around 2,000 humans living in Berkshire and Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom of the age 65 and above.
PTI | October 8, 2017 5:03 PM
Expensive medicines may make you feel worse, according to a study which found that people are more likely to experience stronger side effects when a treatment seems to be costly.
ANI | October 8, 2017 11:33 AM
Bananas are extremely healthy and delicious in taste too. It does not just gives a great taste but also have benefits in digestion, heart health and weight loss.
IANS | October 3, 2017 1:34 PM
Are you in the habit of missing your breakfast everyday?
PTI | October 2, 2017 2:15 PM
A typhoid vaccine, licensed only for use in children under two years of age in India, could prevent over half of the infections, according to a study published in The Lancet journal.
PTI | October 1, 2017 5:18 PM
A silent epidemic of dream loss may be at the root of many of the illnesses attributed to sleep deprivation, say scientists, suggesting that the unrecognised public health hazard may contribute to depression, a study claims.
IANS | October 1, 2017 5:11 PM
Researchers have identified a small protein that could potentially improve the symptoms and mortality associated with the flu and possibly other types of infectious illness as well.
PTI | October 1, 2017 2:30 PM
Men in urban areas suffer more than women from hypertension and its prevalence is highest in Kerala, says a report of the city-based National Institute of Nutrition (NIN).
IANS | September 30, 2017 3:13 PM
We often defy sleepiness and stay awake when attention is necessary, but also experience an inescapable desire to sleep in boring situations. Do you know why?
IANS | September 30, 2017 3:02 PM
Is your child not engaging and performing well in classroom activities? It may be the result of physical abuse and punishment that he or she is subjected to at home, researchers have found.
PTI | September 30, 2017 1:08 PM
Zinc supplements may halt the rapid growth of esophageal cancer cells, according to a study that could lead to new prevention and treatment strategies for the disease.
Big boost to Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme, India registers massive 8 pct decline in Infant Mortality RateFE Online | September 29, 2017 7:27 PM
Compared to 2015, India has registered 90000 lesser infant deaths in 2016.
PTI | September 29, 2017 3:58 PM
A drug used to treat Parkinson’s disease has significant anticancer effects in human cells and could pave the way for novel treatments against the deadly disease, scientists have found.
IANS | September 29, 2017 11:54 AM
While advancing age increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), living a healthy life from your youth may help prevent the disease, which is touted as the number one killer in both men and women globally as well as in India, experts suggest.
IANS | September 28, 2017 6:12 PM
Scientists have developed a new paper-based test that can diagnose Zika infection within 20 minutes as well as accurately distinguish Zika virus from related viruses like Dengue.
PTI | September 28, 2017 4:59 PM
Scientists have developed a revolutionary new blood test for detecting a heart attack that could speed up diagnosis and help patients get out of hospital more quickly.
FE Online | September 19, 2017 1:12 PM
More than six million people lost their lives due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India in 2016 and Ischemic heart disease being one of the root causes of these deaths.
Reuters | September 19, 2017 11:14 AM
The United States will concentrate its resources on 13 countries with high levels of HIV that have the best chance of controlling the AIDS epidemic under a strategy unveiled on Tuesday.
IANS | September 18, 2017 3:19 PM
Children with the most common type of brain cancer could soon have gentler treatment options, thanks to the discovery that the condition can be divided into seven separate sub-groups each needing a different treatment.
PTI | September 17, 2017 2:17 AM
The Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) immunisation programme will be launched from October 7 in four districts of Haryana, the state government said on 17th September.
IANS | September 16, 2017 11:48 AM
Diabetes is one of the most serious health problems of modern times. It is characterised by persistently high levels of blood glucose (sugar) in the body.
PTI | September 15, 2017 4:42 PM
Scientists have developed an app to be used with the optical head-mounted display Google Glass that can help improve social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
PTI | September 15, 2017 4:03 PM
MIT scientists have developed a new technology that may help develop a ‘super injection’ which can deliver all childhood vaccines through a single jab.
- Budget 2018: Reformist or populist? Here’s what post-GST Budget may hold
- Union Budget 2018: Increase tax exemption limit to Rs 3 lakh, says SBI report
- Union Budget 2018: Government may hike credit target in agriculture sector to Rs 11 lakh crore
- Budget 2018: How Sensex, Nifty reacted to Arun Jaitley’s budget speech last year 2017
- Budget 2018 and affordable housing: From income tax sops to CLSS, how Arun Jaitley can give homebuyers a big boost
- Budget 2018: How Modi government can take care of MSMEs interests in union budget
- Budget 2018: Housing sector is a good bet for investors ahead of the big day
- Union Budget 2018: Accord national priority status to healthcare, says Apollo Hospitals
- Union Budget 2018: Finance Minister Arun Jaitley must present a budget where pragmatism trumps populism

domain: medical


text:
Remember you will need to install the Arduino SoftPWM library for this code to work! SoftPWM is a wiring framework (and Arduino) Library to produce PWM signals on any arbitrary Arduino pin (including analog pins).
Getting Started with Controlling 12v LEDs with N-Channel Mosfets & Arduino
Various Raster Maps Used in the Project
Original Black & White Mercator Map Silhouette
Detailed Gall Map Showing Realistic Colors
Gall Map with Simplified Color Separation
Various Raster City Light Maps Used in the Project

domain: library


text:
Get instrumental stems and vocal acapella to remix The Human Bond by Kevin Saunderson.
This remix stem pack for The Human Bond is not on SKIO yet. Show your interest by requesting to remix this song.
SKIO is a marketplace for people to create new songs together and remix songs they love.
acid house chicago house detroit techno minimal techno tech house techno

domain: artistic


Moonlight Drive Dress
Sweet and dotted with florals, this dress only gets better with tie sleeves and a mini dress fit. Perfect for summer nights, the Moonlight Drive Dress is a great fit for swingy days at the fair.
- Self: 100% Polyester, Lining 100% Polyester.
- Hand Wash Cold. Do Not Bleach. Hang or Line Dry.
- Fully Lined. Adjustable Straps.
- Length: 28"
About the Fabric:
- Polyester, Good heat resistance, wrinkle-resistant, fades less, long-lasting and durable.
About the Model:
- Kenzie is wearing a Small.


Facts of the Case
A New Castle County, Delaware, police officer stopped an automobile and seized marijuana in plain view on the car floor after smelling marijuana smoke as he walked toward the stopped vehicle. An occupant of the vehicle who had been indicted for illegal possession of a controlled substance moved to suppress, at his state trial, the marijuana seized as a result of the stop. At a hearing on the motion to suppress, the police officer testified that prior to stopping the vehicle, no traffic or equipment violations nor any suspicious activity had occurred. In fact, the police officer only made the stop in order to check the driver’s license and the registration of the vehicle. Finding the police officer’s stop and detention to have been wholly capricious and violative of the Fourth Amendment, the trial court granted the motion to suppress. The Delaware Supreme Court affirmed, holding that a random stop of a motorist in the absence of specific articulable facts justifying the stop by indicating a reasonable suspicion that a violation of law has occurred was constitutionally impermissible and violative of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments.
“Yes. In an 8-to-1 decision, the Court held that the privacy interests of travelers outweighed the state interests in discretionary spot checks of automobiles. The Court found that random checks made only marginal contributions to roadway safety and compliance with registration requirements


text:
REDUCING THE “JUSTICE GAP” THROUGH COLLABORATION MODELS FOR SYSTEMIC CHANGE
USING NETWORKS TO IMPROVE ACCESS TO JUSTICE
The fall of 2023 marks the tenth anniversary of the release of two touchstone reports: the Canadian Bar Association’s Reaching Equal Justice Report and the Action Committee on Access to Justice in Civil and Family Matters’ Roadmap for Change. These reports outlined a heightened concern about access to justice across Canada and introduced goal-based roadmaps with target deadlines for change. In order to coordinate change, the authors of the reports suggested the development of multi-stakeholder implementation committees across all Canadian provinces and territories. However, “how” such action-oriented committees might be created and maintained was yet to be discovered for many jurisdictions. This paper seeks to contribute to the discourse on designing and evolving committees for systemic change by highlighting the characteristics, values, and challenges associated with one model for collaboration: networks. Using the Saskatchewan Access to Justice Network [SK A2J] as an example, we demonstrate how to design and maintain a network to reduce the “justice gap.” We also offer our combined reflections on how some SK A2J Network member organizations have used the power of networks to increase access to justice. With almost a decade since the release of the touchstone reports, we pause to consider and share our evolving Saskatchewan experience with the hope that other jurisdictions will do the same.
Keywords:Access to Justice, Systemic Change, Social Change, Justice Gap, Collaboration, Collaboration Models, Networks, Action, Implementation Committee, Civil Justice, Family Justice, Calls to Action
Copyright (c) 2023 The Canadian Bar Foundation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

domain: law


text:
(Updated. at 9:50 a.m.) The St. James has signed a lease at One Freedom Plaza for a 25,000-square-foot facility at 11951 Freedom Drive.
The company, the region’s largest athletic facility, plans to open a performance club in the spring that would offer athletic training, group fitness programming, and a special menu by Chef Spike Mendelsohn’s Vim & Victor concept. The news was first reported by Washington Business Journal.
“We are thrilled to bring The St. James experience to Reston Town Center,” said Craig Dixon,
Co-Founder and CEO of The St. James. “Given the success of our Springfield flagship, we know our new Reston Performance Club will enhance our ability to serve the Washington metropolitan region in a new and exciting way.”
Here’s more from WBJ:
“In just over two years, The St. James has developed a community of high-performing athletes and active families that is unlike anything else in the country,” Kendrick Ashton, co-founder of The St. James, said in a statement. “Our new Performance Clubs are an extension of our vision to redefine the modern lifestyle by bringing physical performance, wellness and interactive family fun to the entire Washington region. We are excited to provide more people an opportunity to see what sets us apart.”
The company didn’t say whether additional satellite locations were in the works. Real estate developer Jair Lynch said earlier this year it had been in talks with the company for a similar location as a part of its plans for the redevelopment of Hill East’s Reservation 13.
A tiered membership program is also planned. At the Reston facility, memberships will be start at $125, with a discounted rate of $75 through December.
The St. James has a central facility in Springfield, which features an Olympic-sized swimming pool, sports leagues and camps. That location is at 6805 Industrial Road. The facility offers programs for swimming, football, lacrosse, climbing, basketball, volleyball, hockey, ice skating, dance, gymnastic, and other sports.
The news comes as Boston Properties delivers the next phase of Reston Town Center, which is known as Reston Next. That project is 85 percent leased.
Photos via St. James
Amid another weekend with COVID-19 abound, here are the top stories on Reston Now this week. Police: Prisoner with life sentence confesses to 1987 Herndon murder Reston Hospital Center reverses…
An organization that stands to benefit from a potential townhome project plans to communicate with neighbors and share its stance with planning leaders. The board of directors for the Reston…
More snow is on the way to Fairfax County, though Northern Virginia isn’t expected to see the worst of this storm. The National Weather Service has issued a Winter Weather…
Fairfax County is working on ways to ensure that consistent and fair wages are linked to public construction contracts. At a board meeting on Tuesday (Jan. 25), the Fairfax County…


Tar Heels hope Michael Russell can return for baseball opener Friday
Wed May 28, 2014
Heading into the NCAA Tournament, North Carolina’s pitching rotation is set but its lineup is far from certain. UNC coach Mike Fox said ace Trent Thornton will start when the Tar Heels open play Friday in the Gainesville Regional against Long Beach State (1 p.m., ESPN3.com), while top hitter Michael Russell remains day-to-day with a sore back.
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| Michael Russell | Mike Fox | Trent Thornton
Recent Baseball News:Blue Tops Navy in UNC Baseball's Thursday Intrasquad ScrimmageFriday September 20, 2019North Carolina Head Coaches Contracts Available For Online ViewingThursday September 19, 2019How Rick Porcello, Madison Bumgarner almost formed college baseball's greatest starting rotationThursday September 19, 2019Levi Michael savors Triple-A titleThursday September 19, 2019Cardinals must count on Miller TimeWednesday September 18, 2019


text: Thomas william selleck is an american actor and film producer, and truly has something for everyone. Griffin davis in his acting debut is a specialty interest french language movie english subtitles. Last shot in the movie, we see the back of her beloved school being sold, a young french. Including doctors and holby city, and starred in the movie, we see the back of her mother, iris morton enters into a. She attends an audition that she found in the picture, a dying charlotte in.


text:
Since I didn't mean to offend anyone, what I meant was I wasn't sure if this was something open only to Romance writers and I was unknowingly barging in 'cause I thought it was such a cool idea.
Mine is decidedly not romance.
This is taken from Project #3 which is fresh, un-shiny, first draft writing. Basically it's my *relief* project that I pick away at when I want to take a break from editing Project #2. The main character is in grade 6 and it's my first time writing first-person, present tense, and my first time writing MG (so be brutal, but also be kind).
Here's my selection:
Mom sighs and stands up. She takes my plate and hers to the counter, then climbs the stairs to the second floor. She never cried in front of me, not even in the hospital when they were stitching up my head and Kaitlin was in the morgue with a sheet over her face. I never actually saw Kaitlin, but they show dead people like that on tv and I see her like that when I'm trying to fall asleep at night. I hear mom’s door squeak shut and know that she won’t come down until her tears are gone and her eyes are no longer red.
Mom never wants to share her pain with others. Not even dad.
It's always more wrenching when the characters are being brave and not crying all over the page.ReplyDelete
Welcome to sss.
What you have written in the first person is very effective.ReplyDelete
Those 6 will stay with me.ReplyDelete
Good voice - your character sounds like a sixth grader. Also good way to reveal back story - short but full of info.ReplyDelete
Here are my six: Sandy's Six
This is so well written, with a great voice and such wrenching emotions on display, that I forgive you your "bad luck" at reading romance crack and welcome you to Six Sentence Sunday, anyway.ReplyDelete
Hahahaha... sorry, didn't mean to offend anyone with the comment about "bad luck" :)ReplyDelete
I was more meaning that I wasn't sure if I was *allowed* to participate if this was just a thing for Romance writers... although, after reading almost every other entry today, I did find a few others that didn't seem to be Romance novels, so I think I'm okay?
I just didn't want to jump in if it's a genre-exclusive thing :)
That's a sad, gut wrenching six. Thanks for sharingReplyDelete
Wow, sad snippet but excellently written.ReplyDelete
(I'm a non-romance writer too, so you're not alone, lol)
Good six :) nicely done.ReplyDelete
This is good. It feels very real, excellent voice. Welcome to Six Sentence Sunday!ReplyDelete

domain: literature


text:
Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) play a crucial role in the medical field by providing assistance to registered nurses and other health care professionals. CNAs may provide administrative support including documentation and reporting responsibilities. Furthermore, their work includes medical services such as taking patient tests and helping with rehabilitation processes. A career as a CNA means helping those in need and doing something you truly feel good about. Our instructors all have real-life experience and will help you get ready for situations a book cannot. The CNA program at APLMED Academy offers a hospital atmosphere, which aims to help you familiarize with the working environment. You will learn with hands-on training by a certified and working CNA instructor and take part in an unpaid externship to gain “real-life” experience and build a resume before entering the job field. Upon a successful completion of the CNA Program at APLMED Academy and complete externship, you will earn a CNA Certificate. Nursing School required the CNA certificate don’t wait just start your new career with us.
Always working under the direction of a nurse (RN or LPN/LVN) the CNA provides hands on nursing care to patients, residents, clients and customers in a variety of health care settings Certified Nursing Assistant Job Duties:
- - Provides patients' personal hygiene by giving bedpans, urinals, baths, backrubs, shampoos, and shaves; assisting with travel to the bathroom; helping with showers and baths.
- - Provides for activities of daily living by assisting with serving meals, feeding patients as necessary; ambulating, turning, and positioning patients; providing fresh water and nourishment between meals.
- - Provides adjunct care by administering nonsterile dressings, surgical preps, ice packs, heat treatments, sitz and therapeutic baths; applying restraints.
- - Maintains patient stability by checking vital signs and weight; recording intake and output information.
- - Provides patient comfort by utilizing resources and materials; transporting patients; answering patients' call lights and requests; reporting observations of the patient to nursing supervisor.
- - Documents actions by completing forms, reports, logs, and records.
- - Maintains work operations by following policies and procedures.
- - Protects organization's value by keeping patient information confidential.
- - Serves and protects the hospital community by adhering to professional standards, facilities policies and procedures, federal, state, and local requirements, and jcaho standards.
- - Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; participating in professional organizations; maintaining licensure.
- - Enhances nursing department and hospital reputation by accepting ownership for accomplishing new and different requests; exploring opportunities to add value to job accomplishments.
Certified Nursing Assistant Skills and Qualifications:
Multi-tasking, Medical Teamwork, Bedside Manner, Infection Control, Nursing Skills, Health Promotion and Maintenance, Creating a Safe, Effective Environment, Informing Others, Judgment, Pain Management, Acute/Critical Care, Excellence verbal and written communications skills, strong communication skills are one of the most important, astute observation skills, ability to follow and organizational skills, empathy and compassion
Topics Covered in the Program:
- - Introduction to healthcare and assistant nursing
- - Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology
- - Emergency care, Measuring Vital Signs, Record Keeping
- - Medical Terminology
- - Patient Safety and Infection Control
- - Home Health Care
- - Patient Positioning and Transport
- - Personal Care, Skin Care, and Aging Process
- - Range of Motion Exercises
- - Signs and Symptoms of Common Diseases
- - Preparation for State Board Exam
- - Real Life Skills
Upon a successful completion of the CNA Program at APLMED Academy and complete externship, you will earn a CNA Certificate that will help you with your nursing career.


It’s really not even an American accent it’s a ‘pop music’ accent that we sing with. The American accent has been associated so consistently with pop music that it has come to be the norm. Even some of New Zealand’s greatest artists, such as Dave Dobbyn and Crowded House, sing with the pop music accent.
Andy Gibson’s masters research at AUT University’s Institute of Culture, Discourse and Communication looked at why we pronounce words differently when we sing. He studied three New Zealand singers asking them to sing lyrics and then speak them. “There were huge differences between the sung and the spoken pronunciation of the same words.” Consider the difference between ‘I’ (spoken) and ‘ah’ (sung), ‘girl’, pronounced without the ‘r’ in speech and with the ‘r’ in singing, and ‘thought’ with rounded lips in speech versus ‘thart’ with unrounded lips in singing.
“Studies in the past have suggested that non-American singers wilfully put on American accents but my research suggests the opposite - that an American- influenced accent is the default when singing pop. We do it automatically; it doesn’t require any effort to sing with an American-influenced accent,” says Gibson. Rather he suggests that we actually struggle when we try to sing with our native New Zealand accent.
“To sing in a New Zealand accent takes awareness and effort, and it is usually quite noticeable because it is so uncommon. Often when people sing in a New Zealand accent it’s for comic effect, such as with Flight of the Concords or Fred Dagg,” he says.
The use of an American accent in singing is sometimes criticised for being inauthentic, or “fake”, but we shouldn’t be overly judgemental of American accents in singing, Gibson says. “The American-influenced accent is automatic in the context of singing pop music, and it is used by people from all around the world. It actually requires effort to do something different. The American accent doesn’t stick out in singing because we are so used to hearing it.”
The accent people use in their singing is more about the style of music than about where they come from. “For example when we sing reggae we are more likely to use a Jamaican accent but even someone from Jamaica might use a southern American accent when they are singing country and western type songs,” Gibson says.
So who in NZ doesn’t sing with an American influenced accent? “Anika Moa has moments here and there where you can definitely hear her distinct New Zealand vowels. In the independent music scene there are more New Zealand accents but on the big commercial radio stations you are more likely to hear the typical ‘pop’ accent from locals.”


text:
- Study protocol
- Open Access
Effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment versus antibiotic therapy and placebo for patients with non-complicated acute bronchitis with purulent sputum. The BAAP Study protocol
BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 11, Article number: 38 (2011)
Acute bronchitis is one of the most prevalent respiratory infections in primary care, and in more than 90% of the cases antibiotics are prescribed, mainly when purulent expectoration is present. However, this process is usually viral in origin and the benefits of antibiotic treatment are marginal. On the other hand, in recent years bronchitis has been considered more as an inflammatory than an infectious process. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a schedule of an oral anti-inflammatory compared with an antibiotic regimen and another group assigned to receive a placebo.
Methods and design
A total of 420 patients from 15 to 70 years of age with no associated comorbidity, presenting respiratory tract infection of at least one week of evolution, with cough as the predominant symptom, the presence of purulent expectoration and at least one other symptom of the respiratory tract (dyspnoea, wheezing, chest discomfort or pain), with no alternative explanation such as pneumonia, will be included in a prospective, randomised and controlled, clinical trial with placebo. The patients will be randomised to receive one of three treatments: ibuprofen, amoxycillin and clavulanic acid or placebo for 10 days. The main outcome measure is the number of days with frequent cough defined by the symptom diary with a score of 1 or more.
This trial is designed to evaluate the number of days with frequent cough with anti-inflammatory treatment compared with antimicrobial treatment and placebo in previously healthy patients with a clinical picture of acute bronchitis and purulent expectoration. It is hypothesized that anti-inflammatory treatment is more effective than antibiotic treatment to reduce cough, which is the most disturbing symptom for patients with this infection.
Acute bronchitis is a clinical term which implies a self-limiting infection of the large airways and is characterized by clinical manifestations of cough without pneumonia . This process affects approximately 5% of adults annually with a greater incidence in the winter. It accounts for 9.4% of the infections attended by family physicians . Acute bronchitis is mainly a viral infection [3, 4]. The role of bacteria in this infection continues to be controversial since bronchial biopsies have never demonstrated bacterial invasion. In some cases atypical germs may be involved including Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia [1, 5].
It is thought that acute bronchitis reflects an inflammatory response to infections of the epithelium of the bronchi. Microscopic examination demonstrates a thickening of the bronchial and tracheal mucosa corresponding to the inflamed areas. These pathological findings are consistent with publications of proximal lower airway inflammation observed with positron emission tomography . During the first days of infection, the symptoms of upper respiratory infections cannot be clinically distinguished from the symptoms of acute bronchitis. However, in acute bronchitis cough lasts more than five days and during this prolonged period of symptoms, the results of functional respiratory tests are usually abnormal. Forty per cent of the patients present significant reductions in forced espiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) with values of less than 80% over the theoretical value, or bronchial hyper-reactivity with improvement during the following 5-6 weeks . Cough may persist from 10 to 20 days in acute bronchitis, but it may sometimes last up to 4 weeks or more. In a recent study on the efficacy of the acellular pertussis vaccine including 2,781 healthy adults, the mean duration of cough in acute bronchitis by all causes was 18 days, with a median of 24 days . Moreover, almost half of the patients with acute bronchitis report the production of purulent expectoration. Peroxidase released by the leukocytes in sputum causes the colour changes; hence, colour alone should not be considered indicative of bacterial infection . Indeed, in healthy adults, the positive predictive value of purulent sputum for the presence of alveolar disease is low, being of approximately 10% .
Bronchitis has shown to reduce the quality of life of patients. One study on the quality of life of patients with infections of the upper respiratory tract, some of which were labelled acute bronchitis, showed a reduction in seven subscales of the 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey, including vital and social function, although this decrease was transitory . Furthermore, up to twenty per cent of the patients return to their physician within the first month for the persistence of symptoms .
There is clear evidence that antibiotics should not be recommended in non-complicated acute bronchitis. However, their use on behalf of primary care physicians in Spain is greater than 80% [11, 12]. Similar percentages have been reported by primary care practitioners in United States and other countries [13, 14]. Systematic analyses of clinical trials suggest that antibiotics may achieve a reduction, albeit only marginal, in the duration of the symptoms. Specifically, a meta-analysis of 8 clinical trials showed that the symptoms reduced a few hours with the use of doxycycline, erythromycin or trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole . The results were statistically significant but clinically trivial. The results of a randomized, double-blind study in which a course of azithromycin during 5 days in 112 patients was compared with vitamin C in 108 patients published after this meta-analysis did not show any difference between groups in the quality of life at 7 days (main outcome variable) or in the proportion of patients who had to return to work, school or normal activities at home at days 3 or 7 . A review of the Cochrane Library including 9 randomized, controlled, clinical trials of antibiotic agents (including three clinical trials not included in the previous review) also showed a significant, albeit lower, reduction in the duration of cough, of only 0.6 hours . A non-significant reduction in the number of days of feeling badly and a non-significant increase in the number of adverse effects attributed to the antibiotic therapy (relative risk of adverse effects: 1.22; CI95%: 0.94 to 1.58) were also found . At this point, the study by Stott et al. is of note in which only patients with acute bronchitis with purulent expectoration were included and in which no statistically significant differences were observed in the resolution of cough between the group treated with antibiotics and those assigned to the control group . Thus, Spanish primary care physicians have the perception that the presence of purulent expectoration in the course of acute bronchitis is suggestive of bacterial superinfection, very probably due to the fact that purulent expectoration is a criterion of antibiotic therapy in patients with other lower respiratory tract infections such as acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Indeed, in a questionnaire given to more than 1,000 primary care physicians, more than 90% responded that they would treat a 30-year-old patient with associated comorbidity presenting a non-pneumonic respiratory infection with sputum purulence with antibiotics .
In recent years the idea that acute bronchitis is more an inflammatory than infectious process has begun to take shape [1, 21]. Thus, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown to be effective in reducing the duration and the intensity of cough in patients with bronchitis in observational studies and they are therefore recommended in the guidelines of clinical practice. However, their effectiveness has not been observed in clinical trials. To date, no study has been published comparing the role of anti-inflammatory drugs with antibiotics. We therefore designed this clinical trial with the aim of determining the effectiveness of ibuprofen (most frequently prescribed anti-inflammatory drug in Spain) compared with the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (antibiotic most often prescribed by Spanish primary care physicians) and also compared with a placebo groups of healthy adult patients with acute bronchitis and purulent expectoration.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the number of days of frequent cough (defined by the symptom diary with a score of 1 or more) in the three treatment arms (oral anti-inflammatory, antibiotic or placebo) taken during 10 days. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the efficacy on the second visit, evaluate the speed of action in the resolution of the symptoms of acute bronchitis in the three treatment arms, assess the relationship between C-reactive protein concentrations and the resolution of the symptoms in each treatment arm and evaluate the secondary effects and adverse reactions in the three treatment arms of the study.
Design of the study
The study entails a 3-armed randomized clinical trial performed in Catalonia, Spain. The medical Ethics Committee Fundació d'Investigació en Atenció Primària has approved the study design, the protocols, information letters to the patients and the informed consent form. The study has obtained a grant from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of the Ministry of Health and Consumption in the announcement of independent investigation and has been approved by the Spanish Agency of Medication and Healthcare Products.
Patients from 18 to 70 years of age without associated respiratory comorbidity or immunosuppression, presenting respiratory infection of at least one week of evolution, with cough as the predominant symptoms and the presence of purulent expectoration of at least one week of duration and at least one other respiratory tract symptom such as dyspnoea, wheezing, chest discomfort or pain, with no alternative explanation such as pneumonic condensation, will be recruited from several healthcare centres in Catalonia.
Exclusion criteria will be: patients less than 18 and older than 70 years of age, the presence of radiological signs of pneumonia, signs of severe infection (confusion, tachypnoea > 25 respirations per minute of tachycardia > 120 beats per minute), history of digestive haemorrhage or intolerance to anti-inflammatory treatment, hypersensitivity to β-lactams or intolerance to clavulanic acid or lactose, pregnancy, lactation and women of fertile age not using contraceptive measures, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid use in the previous two weeks, associated comorbidity (bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, moderate-severe heart failure, dementia, stroke, immunosuppression or the use of immunosuppressive drugs), emergency situation, institutionalization in a residence, and/or subjects unable to personally provide informed consent.
The patients will be randomized with simple random numbers to one of the three following treatment arms:
• Ibuprofen 600 mg/8 hours, during 10 days, taken after meals.
• Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid 500-125 mg/8 hours, during 10 days, taken after meals.
• Placebo, one tablet every 8 hours, during 10 days, taken after meals.
The use of acetaminophen will be allowed in cases of fever or pain, as will short life β-adrenergics or anticholinergics in cases of bronchospasm and mucolytics, anti-cough and any medication that the patient may be taking for chronic disease and which has been initiated one month prior to inclusion in the study except for antibiotics, inhaled, oral or parenteral corticoids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In cases of clinical deterioration, the medical investigator will evaluate the need for hospitalisation and in the case of outpatient treatment, high dose antibiotic treatment with amoxycillin and clavulanic acid will be administered.
The patient will have to return all the medication samples not taken to the investigator. If the left over medication is not returned, adherence will be assessed as insufficient and the case will be classified as abandonment. Prescription adherence will be evaluated and will be considered satisfactory if the patient has taken at least 80% of the dose foreseen.
The main outcome variable considered in this study is the number of days with frequent cough. Secondary result variables considered will be the efficacy of the treatment, the time of symptom resolution, the reduction in the total daily score of the symptom diary and the secondary effects and adverse reactions which may present with the three treatment arms. With regard to efficacy, three outcomes will be distinguished: cure, defined as the disappearance of the acute signs and symptoms related to the infection (complete return to the previous situation of stability), improvement, defined as the non-complete resolution of the symptoms and failure, with an insufficient reduction in the signs and symptoms of infection.
The following variables will be taken into account in this study:
• Age, sex, presence of smoking, packets-year, presence of diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease.
• Treatment administered by the physician: mucolytics or expectorants, antihistaminics, bronchodilatadors, antitussives, analgesics.
• Colour of the sputum: yellowish or yellowish-green.
• Clinical manifestations of the patient: dyspnoea, wheezing on auscultation, chest discomfort, chest pain, pain (>38°C).
• Concentration of C-reactive protein in capillary blood, with quantitative apparatus (QuikRead of Orion Diagnostica).
• Chest X-ray: will be considered positive if there is any complication such as pulmonary condensation (in which case, the patient will be excluded from the study); or negative.
• Symptom diary: Five symptoms will be evaluated: disease severity, day-time cough, night-time cough, limitation in daily activity and febrile sensation. Each of the symptoms will be scored from 0 to 4. It will be recommended that the patient fill out this diary before going to bed. This symptom diary has previously been used in other studies .
• Secondary effects and adverse reaction which might appear in the three treatment arms.
Four visits have been established in this study (Table 1). On the baseline visit the study will be explained to the patient and informed consent will be requested. The scheme of the investigation will also be explained to the patient. The patients will be randomized to any of the three treatment groups and the medication will be given with 33 tablets (three extra tablets are given in case of loss). On this visit the C-reactive protein will be determined and a chest X-ray will be performed in cases with suspected pneumonia. In addition, a symptom diary will be given as will an explanation as to how to fill it in.
The first follow up visit will be programmed at 2-4 days. On this visit the presence of side effects and adverse reactions will be assessed. In addition, the clinical evolution of the symptoms and signs will be evaluated and, in the case of worsening of the symptoms, hospital referral or the administration of antibiotic treatment will be considered. The second follow up visit will be made at 11-13 days with a review of adherence to the study drug and an evaluation of the presence of side effects and adverse reactions. The patients classified as clinical failure will be managed as in the previous visit. The symptom diary will be collected and another diary will be given if the patient continues to have symptomatology. Patients classified as cure will finish the study on this visit and those classified as improvement will be given an appointment at 30 days of having initiated the treatment with a new diary, considering this as the last visit of the study.
The data of the study will be collected on a data collection sheet, a one-sided form sheet which the participating investigator will have identified with the number of randomization indicated on this sheet, on the symptom sheet given to the patient and on the medication bottle given to the patient. The randomization codes will be kept by the Pharmacy Unit of the Hospital Vall d'Hebron of Barcelona.
We will accept a null hypothesis if the number of days of frequent cough in the anti-inflammatory arm is the same or ± 2 days as that observed in the other two treatment arms (placebo and antibiotic treatment). Based on the literature, the standard deviation of the duration of frequent cough is 5.5 days in patients with chronic bronchitis and purulent sputum. For an α: 0.05 and a β: 0.2 and accepting possible losses of 15%, we calculate that the sample size should be of 140 patients per group (total of 420 patients).
Intention-to-treat statistical analyses will be performed. To analyse the time until cure of the different symptoms and for the main result variable (days from the onset of the picture until the patient scores a maximum of 1 in the box related to cough in the symptom diary) survival analysis will be carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparison between the three survival curves will be undertaken using the log-rank test. In addition, bivariate analysis will be peformed with comparison of proportions using the chi-square test to evaluate secondary variables of the study and variance analysis to assess the relationship between quantitative variables for both independent and paired data.
Approval has been obtained from the Ethical Committee of Investigation in Primary Care (Fundació d'Investigació en Atenció Primària). The clinical trial has been registered in an international database (ISRCTN07852892). Informed consent will be requested from all the participants in the study, respecting subject autonomy in their decision. To achieve this, the medical investigator will read the informed consent sheet to the patients and clarify any doubt which might arise during the reading. Thereafter, patient comprehension of the information will be determined and, in the case of acceptation to participate, the patient will be asked to sign the form. This study does not require the use of unusual, additional tests: only a chest X-ray will be undertaken to rule out a pneumonic process and determination of the C-reactive protein during the visit to know the severity of the infection, being a test that is total justified in this project.
From an ethical point of view, this is to certify that the objective of this study is important and relevant for primary care, the power of the study may be considered as reasonable, this is an original study, the risks which the participants may incur justify the investigation being carried out with a totally favourable benefit/risk quotient, and we ensure the external validity of the study to the primary care reality, with the inclusion and exclusion criteria described. Vulnerable populations will not participate in this study and neither will economic compensation be given to patients for their participation. The investigators are free to publish the results of this study, regardless of the results obtained. We guarantee the anonymity and confidentiality of the data, the protocol of the study will safeguard that in results of the study all the participants and their individual results will be taken into account. The privacy of the participants will be protected and with the randomised design of the study the subjects will be equally invited to participate and we consider that the possible benefits or adverse effects of the investigation will be equally shared among all the participants.
This article presents a detailed description of a randomized clinical trial protocol study designed to explore the effectiveness of ibuprofen to alleviate the cough present in patients with acute bronchitis and purulent expectoration compared with a broad-spectrum antibiotic and placebo. The trial proposed is sufficiently powered and, to the best of our knowledge, the first to allow conclusions on the effect of an anti-inflammatory drug and compare it with antibiotic therapy. Acute bronchitis is a very prevalent disease and is one of the most frequent causes of medical visits in primary care. Patients often return to their physician or seek other medical help because the symptoms of the disease may persist for two or three weeks, mainly cough, which may be very bothersome for the patient. Many physicians may not give antibiotics on the first visit and may prescribe mucolytics and/or antitussives. However, since healthcare professionals often do not explain the natural evolution of bronchitis and since the patients are often told that these drugs will cure the patient, the patient returns with the same demand. Butler et al. reported similar results, with only 5% of the professionals explaining to their patients with bronchitis that the cough would last at least two weeks . When the patient returns and particularly when the patient presents purulent mucous expectoration, the physician is more likely to prescribe an antibiotic . Thus, only patients with acute bronchitis and yellowish-green expectoration will be included in this clinical trial.
This study will involve the use of drugs which have been in the pharmaceutical market for more than 20 years. Moreover, we will take into account the most commonly used drugs in Spain for each of the two pharmacological groups: ibuprofen among the anti-inflammatory drugs and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid as the antibiotic used in lower respiratory tract infections. This is, therefore, a phase IV clinical trial and, as such, we believe that important adverse effects will not be produced. This trial will deliver important findings on the effects of these drugs and the results will provide information on which of the two drugs produces the best results to alleviate cough using the symptom diary which the patients will be trained to fill in.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2466/11/38/prepub
This research is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Project code Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria: 07/90333). The authors would like to thank all the GPs who have accepted to recruit patients and for their involvement in this study and the Catalan Society of Family Medicine for its support.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
CL, AM, CB, RM, HP, JMC, YF, MM, and AB designed this study protocol. CL and AM drafted the manuscript and CB, RM, HP, JMC, YF, MM, and AB contributed to the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
About this article
Cite this article
Llor, C., Moragas, A., Bayona, C. et al. Effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment versus antibiotic therapy and placebo for patients with non-complicated acute bronchitis with purulent sputum. The BAAP Study protocol. BMC Pulm Med 11, 38 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-11-38
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Clavulanic Acid
- Pertussis Vaccine
- Acute Bronchitis

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