|Publication number||US8042119 B2|
|Application number||US 11/803,248|
|Publication date||Oct 18, 2011|
|Filing date||May 14, 2007|
|Priority date||May 14, 2007|
|Also published as||US20080288946|
|Publication number||11803248, 803248, US 8042119 B2, US 8042119B2, US-B2-8042119, US8042119 B2, US8042119B2|
|Inventors||Anita Richards, Douglas P. Brown|
|Original Assignee||Teradata Us, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (4), Classifications (10), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is related to the following co-pending and commonly-assigned applications:
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 10/730,348, filed Dec. 8, 2003, by Douglas P. Brown, Anita Richards, Bhashyam Ramesh, Caroline M. Ballinger and Richard D. Glick, and entitled Administering the Workload of a Database System Using Feedback, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,395,537, issued Jul. 1, 2008;
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 10/786,448, filed Feb. 25, 2004, by Douglas P. Brown, Bhashyam Ramesh and Anita Richards, and entitled Guiding the Development of Workload Group Definition Classifications,
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 10/889,796, filed Jul. 13, 2004, by Douglas P. Brown, Anita Richards, and Bhashyam Ramesh, and entitled Administering Workload Groups, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,693,847, issued Apr. 6, 2010;
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 10/915,609, filed Aug. 10, 2004, by Douglas P. Brown, Anita Richards, and Bhashyam Ramesh, and entitled Regulating the Workload of a Database System, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,501, issued Feb. 2, 2010;
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/468,107, filed Aug. 29, 2006, by Douglas P. Brown and Anita Richards, and entitled A System and Method for Managing a Plurality of Database Systems, which applications claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/715,815, filed Sep. 9, 2005, by Douglas P. Brown and Anita Richards, and entitled A System and Method for Managing a Plurality of Database Systems,
U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/877,977, filed on Dec. 29, 2006, by Douglas P. Brown and Anita Richards, and entitled Managing Events in a Computing Environment,
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/716,889, filed on Mar. 12, 2007, by Douglas P. Brown, Anita Richards, Mark Morris and Todd A. Walter, and entitled Virtual Regulator for Multi-Database Systems, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 60/877,766, 60/877,767, 60/877,768, and 60/877,823, all of which were filed Dec. 29, 2006;
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/716,892, filed on Mar. 12, 2007, by Douglas P. Brown, Scott Gnau and Mark Morris, and entitled Parallel Virtual Optimization, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,702,676, issued Apr. 20, 2010, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 60/877,766, 60/877,767, 60/877,768, and 60/877,823, all of which were filed Dec. 29, 2006;
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/716,880, filed on Mar. 12, 2007, by Mark Morris, Anita Richards and Douglas P. Brown, and entitled Workload Priority Influenced Data Temperature, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 60/877,766, 60/877,767, 60/877,768, and 60/877,823, all of which were filed Dec. 29, 2006; and
U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/716,890, filed on Mar. 12, 2007, by Mark Morris, Anita Richards and Douglas P. Brown, and entitled Automated Block Size Management for Database Objects, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,508, issued Feb. 2, 2010, which application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application Nos. 60/877,766, 60/877,767, 60/877,768, and 60/877,823, all of which were filed Dec. 29, 2006;
all of which applications are incorporated by reference herein.
Modern computing systems execute a variety of requests concurrently and operate in a dynamic environment of cooperative systems, each comprising of numerous hardware components subject to failure or degradation.
The need to regulate concurrent hardware and software ‘events’ has led to the development of a field which may be generically termed ‘Workload Management.’ For the purposes of this application, “events” comprise, but are not limited to, one or more signals, semaphores, periods of time, hardware, software, business requirements, etc.
Workload management techniques focus on managing or regulating a multitude of individual yet concurrent requests in a computing system by effectively controlling resource usage within the computing system. Resources may include any component of the computing system, such as CPU (central processing unit) usage, hard disk or other storage means usage, or I/O (input/output) usage.
Workload management techniques fall short of implementing a full system regulation, as they do not manage unforeseen impacts, such as unplanned situations (e.g., a request volume surge, the exhaustion of shared resources, or external conditions like component outages) or even planned situations (e.g., systems maintenance or data load).
Many different types of system conditions or events can impact negatively the performance of requests currently executing on a computer system. These events can remain undetected for a prolonged period of time, causing a compounding negative effect on requests executing during that interval. When problematic events are detected, sometimes in an ad hoc and manual fashion, the computing system administrator may still not be able to take an appropriate course of action, and may either delay corrective action, act incorrectly or not act at all.
A typical impact of not managing for system conditions is to deliver inconsistent response times to users. For example, often systems execute in an environment of very cyclical usage over the course of any day, week, or other business cycle. If a user ran a report near standalone on a Wednesday afternoon, she may expect that same performance with many concurrent users on a Monday morning. However, based on the laws of linear systems performance, a request simply cannot deliver the same response time when running stand-alone as when it runs competing with high volumes of concurrency.
Therefore, while rule-based workload management can be effective in a controlled environment without external impacts, it fails to respond effectively when those external impacts are present.
In general, in one aspect, the invention features a method for managing workloads in a computer system, comprising monitoring system conditions and operating environment events that impact on the operation of the computer system, using an n-dimensional state matrix to identify at least one state resulting from the monitored system conditions and operating environment events, and initiating an action in response to the identified state.
In this context, the system condition is one of a system availability condition or a system performance condition, and the operating environment event is one of a pre-determined event, a scheduled event, a user-defined event, or a necessary change in workload management.
Implementations of the invention may include one or more of the following.
Each element of the state matrix is a system condition and operating environment event pair that references a workload management state, which in turn invokes one or more workload management rules of a set of workload management rules. The state matrix facilitates or manages conflict resolution through the prioritization of each dimension thereof.
A plurality of elements of the state matrix reference a common one of the states and thus invoke the same action. Only one state is in effect at any given time, based on the state matrix element referenced by a highest severity system condition and a highest precedence operating environment event. The state persists until the state is changed or reset.
The system conditions or operating environment events may have expiration times. The system conditions or operating environment events may have qualification times that require the state be sustained for some period of time. Finally, the system conditions or operating environment events may have minimum or maximum duration times to regulate state changes.
In another aspect, the invention features a database system for accessing a database. The database system includes means for monitoring system conditions and operating environment events that impact on the operation of the computer system, means for using an n-dimensional state matrix to identify at least one state resulting from the monitored system conditions and operating environment events, and means for initiating an action in response to the identified state.
In yet another aspect, the invention features a computer program, stored on a tangible storage medium, for use in performing the method steps of monitoring system conditions and operating environment events that impact on the operation of the computer system, using an n-dimensional state matrix to identify at least one state resulting from the monitored system conditions and operating environment events, and initiating an action in response to the identified state.
Other features and advantages will become apparent from the description and claims that follow.
The event management technique disclosed herein has particular application to large databases that might contain many millions or billions of records managed by a database system (“DBS”) 100, such as a Teradata Active Data Warehousing System available from NCR Corporation.
For the case in which one or more virtual processors are running on a single physical processor, the single physical processor swaps between the set of N virtual processors. Each virtual processor is generally termed an Access Module Processor (AMP) in the Teradata Active Data Warehousing System.
For the case in which N virtual processors are running on an M processor node, the node's operating system schedules the N virtual processors to run on its set of M physical processors. If there are 4 virtual processors and 4 physical processors, then typically each virtual processor would run on its own physical processor. If there are 8 virtual processors and 4 physical processors, the operating system would schedule the 8 virtual processors against the 4 physical processors, in which case swapping of the virtual processors would occur.
Each of the processing modules 110 1 . . . N manages a portion of a database that is stored in a corresponding one of the data storage facilities 120 1 . . . N. Each of the data storage facilities 120 1 . . . N includes one or more disk drives. The DBS may include multiple nodes 105 2 . . . N in addition to the illustrated node 105 1, connected by extending the network 115.
The system stores data in one or more tables in the data storage facilities 120 1 . . . N. The rows 125 1 . . . Z of the tables are stored across multiple data storage facilities 120 1 . . . N to ensure that the system workload is distributed evenly across the processing modules 110 1 . . . N. A parsing engine 130 organizes the storage of data and the distribution of table rows 125 1 . . . Z among the processing modules 110 1 . . . N. The parsing engine 130 also coordinates the retrieval of data from the data storage facilities 120 1 . . . N in response to queries received from a user at a mainframe 135 or a client computer 140. The DBS 100 usually receives queries in a standard format, such as SQL.
In one example system, the parsing engine 130 is made up of three components: a session control 200, a parser 205, and a dispatcher 210, as shown in
Once the session control 200 allows a session to begin, a user may submit a SQL request that is routed to the parser 205. As illustrated in
The DBS described herein accepts performance goals for each workload as inputs, and dynamically adjusts its own performance, such as by allocating DBS resources and throttling back incoming work. In one example system, the performance parameters are called priority scheduler parameters. When the priority scheduler is adjusted, weights assigned to resource partitions and allocation groups are changed. Adjusting how these weights are assigned modifies the way access to the CPU, disk and memory is allocated among requests. Given performance objectives for each workload and the fact that the workloads may interfere with each other's performance through competition for shared resources, the DBS may find a performance setting that achieves one workload's goal but makes it difficult to achieve another workload's goal.
The performance goals for each workload will vary widely as well, and may or may not be related to their resource demands. For example, two workloads that execute the same application and DBS code could have differing performance goals simply because they were submitted from different departments in an organization. Conversely, even though two workloads have similar performance objectives, they may have very different resource demands.
The system includes a “closed-loop” workload management architecture capable of satisfying a set of workload-specific goals. In other words, the system is a goal-oriented workload management system capable of supporting complex workloads and capable of self-adjusting to various types of workloads. In Teradata, the workload management system is generally referred to as Teradata Active System Management (TASM).
The system's operation has four major phases: 1) assigning a set of incoming request characteristics to workload groups, assigning the workload groups to priority classes, and assigning goals (called Service Level Goals or SLGs) to the workload groups; 2) monitoring the execution of the workload groups against their goals; 3) regulating (adjusting and managing) the workload flow and priorities to achieve the SLGs; and 4) correlating the results of the workload and taking action to improve performance. The performance improvement can be accomplished in several ways: 1) through performance tuning recommendations such as the creation or change in index definitions or other supplements to table data, or to recollect statistics, or other performance tuning actions, 2) through capacity planning recommendations, for example increasing system power, 3) through utilization of results to enable optimizer self-learning, and 4) through recommending adjustments to SLGs of one workload to better complement the SLGs of another workload that it might be impacting. All recommendations can either be enacted automatically, or after “consultation” with the database administrator (DBA).
The system includes the following components (illustrated in
1) Administrator (block 405): This component provides a GUI to define workloads and their SLGs and other workload management requirements. The administrator 405 accesses data in logs 407 associated with the system, including a query log, and receives capacity planning and performance tuning inputs as discussed above. The administrator 405 is a primary interface for the DBA. The administrator also establishes workload rules 409, which are accessed and used by other elements of the system.
2) Monitor (block 410): This component provides a top level dashboard view, and the ability to drill down to various details of workload group performance, such as aggregate execution time, execution time by request, aggregate resource consumption, resource consumption by request, etc. Such data is stored in the query log and other logs 407 available to the monitor. The monitor also includes processes that initiate the performance improvement mechanisms listed above and processes that provide long term trend reporting, which may including providing performance improvement recommendations. Some of the monitor functionality may be performed by the regulator, which is described in the next paragraph.
3) Regulator (block 415): This component dynamically adjusts system settings and/or projects performance issues and either alerts the DBA or user to take action, for example, by communication through the monitor, which is capable of providing alerts, or through the exception log, providing a way for applications and their users to become aware of, and take action on, regulator actions. Alternatively, the regulator can automatically take action by deferring requests or executing requests with the appropriate priority to yield the best solution given requirements defined by the administrator (block 405).
The workload management administrator (block 405), or “administrator,” is responsible for determining (i.e., recommending) the appropriate application settings based on SLGs. Such activities as setting weights, managing active work tasks and changes to any and all options will be automatic and taken out of the hands of the DBA. The user will be masked from all complexity involved in setting up the priority scheduler, and be freed to address the business issues around it.
As shown in
The administrator assists the DBA in: a) Establishing rules for dividing requests into candidate workload groups, and creating workload group definitions. Requests with similar characteristics (users, application, table, resource requirement, etc.) are assigned to the same workload group. The system supports the possibility of having more than one workload group with similar system response requirements. b) Refining the workload group definitions and defining SLGs for each workload group. The system provides guidance to the DBA for response time and/or arrival rate threshold setting by summarizing response time and arrival rate history per workload group definition versus resource utilization levels, which it extracts from the query log (from data stored by the regulator, as described below), allowing the DBA to know the current response time and arrival rate patterns. The DBA can then cross-compare those patterns to satisfaction levels or business requirements, if known, to derive an appropriate response time and arrival rate threshold setting, i.e., an appropriate SLG. After the administrator specifies the SLGs, the system automatically generates the appropriate resource allocation settings, as described below. These SLG requirements are distributed to the rest of the system as workload rules. c) Optionally, establishing priority classes and assigning workload groups to the classes. Workload groups with similar performance requirements are assigned to the same class. d) Providing proactive feedback (i.e.: Validation) to the DBA regarding the workload groups and their SLG assignments prior to execution to better assure that the current assignments can be met, i.e., that the SLG assignments as defined and potentially modified by the DBA represent realistic goals. The DBA has the option to refine workload group definitions and SLG assignments as a result of that feedback.
The internal monitoring and regulating component (regulator 415), illustrated in more detail in
As shown in
The request processor 625 also monitors the request processing and reports throughput information, for example, for each request and for each workgroup, to an exception monitoring process 615. The exception monitoring process 615 compares the throughput with the workload rules 409 and stores any exceptions (e.g., throughput deviations from the workload rules) in the exception log/queue. In addition, the exception monitoring process 615 provides system resource allocation adjustments to the request processor 625, which adjusts system resource allocation accordingly, e.g., by adjusting the priority scheduler weights. Further, the exception monitoring process 615 provides data regarding the workgroup performance against workload rules to the workload query (delay) manager 610, which uses the data to determine whether to delay incoming requests, depending on the workload group to which the request is assigned.
As can be seen in
The workload query (delay) manager 610, shown in greater detail in
If the comparator 705 determines that the request should not be executed, it places the request in a queue 710 along with any other requests for which execution has been delayed. The comparator 705 continues to monitor the workgroup's performance against the workload rules and when it reaches an acceptable level, it extracts the request from the queue 710 and releases the request for execution. In some cases, it is not necessary for the request to be stored in the queue to wait for workgroup performance to reach a particular level, in which case it is released immediately for execution.
Once a request is released for execution it is dispatched (block 715) to priority class buckets 620 a . . . s, where it will await retrieval by an AMP Worker Task (AWT) 625.
The exception monitoring process 615, receives throughput information from the AWT 625. A workload performance to workload rules comparator 805 compares the received throughput information to the workload rules and logs any deviations that it finds in the exception log/queue 510. It also generates the workload performance against workload rules information that is provided to the workload query (delay) manager 610.
As stated above, a series of AMP Worker Task (AWT) process the requests. An AWT is a thread/task that runs inside of each virtual AMP. An AWT is generally utilized to process requests/queries from users, but may also be triggered or used by internal database software routines, such as deadlock detection.
Pre-allocated AWTs are assigned to each AMP and work on a queue system. That is, each AWT waits for work to arrive, performs the work, and then returns to the queue and waits for more work. Due to their stateless condition, AWTs respond quickly to a variety of database execution needs. At the same time, AWTs serve to limit the number of active processes performing database work within each AMP at any point in time. In other words, AWTs play the role of both expeditor and governor of requests/queries.
AMP worker tasks are one of several resources that support the parallel performance architecture within the Teradata database. AMP worker tasks are of a finite number, with a limited number available to perform new work on the system. This finite number is an orchestrated part of the internal work flow management in Teradata. Reserving a special set of reserve pools for single and few-AMP queries may be beneficial for active data warehouse applications, but only after establishing a need exists. Understanding and appreciating the role of AMP worker tasks, both in their availability and their scarcity, leads to the need for a more pro-active management of AWTs and their usage.
AMP worker tasks are execution threads that do the work of executing a query step, once the step is dispatched to the AMP. They also pick up the work of spawned processes, and of internal tasks such as error logging or aborts. Not being tied to a particular session or transaction, AMP worker tasks are anonymous and immediately reusable and are able to take advantage of any of the CPUs. Both AMPs and AWTs have equal access to any CPU on the node. A fixed number of AWTs are pre-allocated at startup for each AMP in the configuration, with the default number being 80. All of the allocated AWTs can be active at the same time, sharing the CPUs and memory on the node.
When a query step is sent to an AMP, that step acquires a worker task from the pool of available AWTs. All of the information and context needed to perform the database work is contained within the query step. Once the step is complete, the AWT is returned to the pool. If all AMP worker tasks are busy at the time the message containing the new step arrives, then the message will wait in a queue until an AWT is free. Position in the queue is based first on work type, and secondarily on priority, which is carried within the message header. Priority is based on the relative weight that is established for the Priority Scheduler allocation group that controls the query step. Too much work can flood the best of databases. Consequently, all database systems have built-in mechanisms to monitor and manage the flow of work in a system. In a parallel database, flow control becomes even more pressing, as balance is only sustained when all parallel units are getting their fair portion of resources.
The Teradata database is able to operate near the resource limits without exhausting any of them by applying control over the flow of work at the lowest possible level in the system. Each AMP monitors its own utilization of critical resources, AMP worker tasks being one. If no AWTs are available, it places the incoming messages on a queue. If messages waiting in the queue for an AWT reach a threshold value, further message delivery is throttled for that AMP, allowing work already underway to complete. Other AMPs continue to work as usual.
One technique that has proven highly effective in helping Teradata to weather extremely heavy workloads is having a reasonable limit on the number of active tasks on each AMP. The theory behind setting a limit on AWTs is twofold: 1.) That it is better for overall throughput to put the brakes on before exhaustion of all resources is reached; and 2.) Keeping all AMPs to a reasonable usage level increases parallel efficiency. However this is not a reasonable approach in a Dynamic environment.
Ideally, the minimum number of AWTs that can fully utilize the available CPU and I/O are employed. After full use of resources has been attained, adding AWTs will only increase the effort of sharing. As standard queueing theory teaches, when a system has not reached saturation, newly-arriving work can get in, use its portion of the resources, and get out efficiently. However, when resources are saturated, all newly-arriving work experiences delays equal to the time it takes someone else to finish their work. In the Teradata database, the impact of any delay due to saturation of resources may be aggravated in cases where a query has multiple steps, because there will be multiple places where a delay could be experienced.
In one particular implementation of the Teradata database, 80 (eighty) is selected as the maximum number of AWTs, to provide the best balance between AWT overhead and contention and CPU and I/O usage. Historically, 80 has worked well as a number that makes available a reasonable number of AWTs for all the different work types, and yet supports up to 40 or 50 new tasks per AMP comfortably. However, managing AWTs is not always a solution to increased demands on the DBS. In some cases, an increased demand on system resources may have an underlying cause, such that simply increasing the number of available AWTs may only serve to temporarily mask, or even worsen the demand on resources.
For example, one of the manifestations of resource exhaustion is a lengthening queue for processes waiting for AWTs. Therefore, performance may degrade coincident with a shortage of AWTs. However, this may not be directly attributable to the number of AWTs defined. In this case, adding AWTs will tend to aggravate, not reduce, performance issues.
Using all 80 AWTs in an on-going fashion is a symptom that resource usage is being sustained at a very demanding level. It is one of several signs that the platform may be running out of capacity. Adding AWTs may be treating the effect, but not helping to identify the cause of the performance problem. On the other hand, many Teradata database systems will reach 100% CPU utilization with significantly less than 50 active processes of the new work type. Some sites experience their peak throughput when 40 AWTs are in use servicing new work. By the time many systems are approaching the limit of 80 AWTs, they are already at maximum levels of CPU or I/O usage.
In the case where the number of AWTs is reaching their limit, it is likely that a lack of AWTs is merely a symptom of a deeper underlying problem or bottleneck. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a more thorough investigation of all events in the DBS, in an attempt to find the true source of any slowdowns. For example, the underlying or ‘real’ reason for an increase in CPU usage or an increase in the number of AWTs may be a hardware failure or an arrival rate surge.
Another issue that can impact system-wide performance is a workload event, such as the beginning or conclusion of a load or another maintenance job that can introduce locks or other delays into the DBS or simply trigger the need to change the workload management scheme for the duration of the workload event. The DBS provides a scheduled environment that manages priorities and other workload management controls in operating ‘windows’ that trigger at certain times of the day, week, and/or month, or upon receipt of a workload event.
To manage workloads among these dynamic, system-wide situations, it is important to firstly classify the types of various system events that can occur in a DBS, in order to better understand the underlying causes of inadequate performance. As shown in
System Conditions 810 can include a system availability condition, such as a hardware component failure or recovery, or any other condition monitored by a TASM monitored queue. This may include a wide range of hardware conditions, from the physical degradation of hardware (e.g., the identification of bad sectors on a hard disk) to the inclusion of new hardware (e.g., hot swapping of CPUs, storage media, addition of I/O or network capabilities, etc.) It can also include conditions external to the DBS as relayed to the DBS from the enterprise, such as an application server being down, or a dual/redundant system operating in degraded mode.
System Conditions 810 can also include a system performance condition, such as sustained resource usage, resource depletion, resource skew or missed Service Level Goals (SLGs).
An example of a system performance condition is the triggering of an action in response to an ongoing use (or non-use) of a system resource. For example, if there is low sustained CPU and IO for some qualifying time, then a schedule background task may be allowed to run. This can be achieved by lifting throttle limits, raising priority weights and/or other means. Correspondingly, if the system returns to a high sustained use of the CPU and IO, then the background task is reduced (e.g., terminated, priority weights lowered, throttle limits lowered, etc).
Another example of a system performance condition is where a condition is detected due to an increase in the time taken to process a given individual request or workload group. For example, if the average response time is greater than the SLG for a given time interval, then there may be an underlying system performance condition.
Yet another example may be a sudden increase in the number of AWTs invoked (as described earlier).
In other words, system performance conditions can include the following:
The second type of detection is an Operating Environment Event 815. Such events can be predetermined or scheduled, in that a user or administrator of the system predefines the event at some point during the operation of the DBS. However, in some instances, Operating Environment Events 815 can occur without any appreciable notice being given to the DBS or to users. The event may be time based, business event based or based on any other suitable criteria.
Operating Environment Events 815 can also be defined and associated with the beginning and completion of a particular application job. A user-defined event can be sent by the application and received by the DBS. This triggers the regulator of the DBS to operate in the ruleset's working values associated with this event. For example, the working values could direct the DBS to give higher priority to workloads associated with month-end processing, or lower priority associated with workloads doing “regular” work, to enable throttles for non-critical work, and enable filters on workloads that interfere with month-end processing reporting consistency such as might happen when data is being updated while it is being reported on.
In another example, a user may define actions associated with the start of a daily load against a table X. This request triggers a phased set of actions:
Another example is to allow the user to define and automate ruleset working value changes based on a user-event (rather than resource or time changes). For example, users may want resource allocation to change based on a business calendar that treats weekends and holidays differently from weekdays, and normal processing differently from quarterly or month-end processing.
As these events are generally driven by business or user considerations, and not necessarily by hardware or software considerations, they are difficult to predict in advance.
Thus, upon detection of any of System Conditions 810 or Operating Environments Events 815, one or more actions can be triggered. In this regard, Block 820 determines whether the detected System Conditions 810 or Operating Environments Events 815 are resolvable.
The action taken in response to the detection of a particular condition or event will vary depending on the type of condition or event detected. The automated action will fall into one of four broad categories (as shown in
Turning to the first possible automated action, the system may notify either a person or another software application/component including, users, the DBA, or a reporting application. Notification can be through one or more notification approaches:
Notification may be preferable where the system has no immediate way in which to ameliorate or rectify the condition, or where a user's expectation needs to be managed.
A second automated action type is to change the Workload Management Ruleset's working values.
The following is a table that represents kinds of conditions and events that can be detected.
These are the current Periods representing intervals of
time during the day, week, or month. The system
monitors the system time, automatically causing an
event when the period starts, and it will last until the
These are used to report anything that could conceivably
change an operating environment, such as application
events. They last until rescinded or optionally time out.
DBS components degrade or fail, or resources go below
some threshold for some period of time. The system
will do the monitoring of these events. Once detected,
the system will keep the event in effect until the
component is back up or the resource goes back above
the threshold value for some minimal amount of time.
These are used to report anything that could conceivably
change a system condition, such as dual system failures.
They last until rescinded or optionally time out.
Operating Environment Events and System Condition combinations are logical expressions of states. The simplest combinations are comprised of just one state. More complex combinations can be defined that combine multiple states with two or more levels of logical operators, for example, given four individual states, e1 through e4:
e1 OR e2
e1 AND e2
(e1 OR e2) AND (e3 OR e4)
(e1 AND e2 AND (e3 OR e4))
Combinations cause one more actions when the logical expressions are evaluated to be “true.” The following table outlines the kinds of actions that are supported.
Use the alert capability to generate an alert.
Execute a program to be named.
Write to a (well known) queue table.
Change the System Condition.
Change the Operating Environment.
As shown in
A number of ‘states’ can be defined, each state being associated with a particular WVS (i.e., a particular instance of a rule set). By swapping states, the working values of the workload management ruleset are changed.
This process is best illustrated by a simple example. At
A second state ‘Y’ (not shown) may also be created. In State ‘Y’, the corresponding rule set disables filter ‘A’, and increases Jane's session limit to 6 concurrent sessions. Therefore, State ‘Y’ may only be invoked when resource usage falls below a predetermined level. Each state is predetermined (i.e., defined) beforehand by a DBA. Therefore, each ruleset, working value set and state requires some input from a user or administrator that has some knowledge of the usage patterns of the DBS, knowledge of the data contained in the database, and perhaps even knowledge of the users. Knowledge of workloads, their importance, their characteristic is most likely required more-so than the same understanding of individual rules. Of course, as a user defines workloads, most of that has already come to light, i.e., what users and requests are in a workload, how important or critical is the workload, etc.). A third action type is to resolve the issue internally. Resolution by the DBS is in some cases a better approach to resolving issues, as it does not require any input from a DBA or a user to define rules-based actions.
Resolution is achieved by implementing a set of internal rules which are activated on the basis of the event detected and the Enforcement Priority of the request along with other information gathered through the exception monitoring process.
Some examples of automated action which result in the automatic resolution of issues are given below. This list is not exhaustive and is merely illustrative of some types of resolution.
For the purposes of this example, it is assumed that the event that is detected is a longer than average response time (i.e., an exception monitor detects that the response time SLG is continually exceed for a given time and percentage). The first step in launching an automated action is to determine whether an underlying cause can be identified.
For example, is the AWT pool the cause of the longer than average response time? This is determined by seeing how many AWTs are being used. If the number of idle or AWTs is very low, the AWT pool is automatically increased to the maximum allowed (normally 80 in a typical Teradata system).
The SLG is then monitored to determine whether the issue has been ameliorated. When the SLG is satisfactory for a qualifying time, the AWT poolsize is progressively decreased until a suitable workable value is found.
However, the AWT pool may not be the cause of the event. Through the measuring of various system performance indicators, it may be found that the Arrival Rate is the cause of decreased performance. Therefore, rather than limiting on concurrency, the DBS can use this information to take the action of limiting the arrival rate (i.e., throttle back the arrival rate to a defined level, rather than allowing queries to arrive at unlimited rates). This provides an added ability to control the volume of work accepted per WD.
Alternatively, there may be some WDs at same or lower enforcement exceeding their anticipated arrival rates by some qualifying time and amount. This is determined by reviewing the anticipated arrival rate as defined by the SLG.
If there are WDs at the same or lower enforcement exceeding their anticipated arrival rates, the WD's concurrency level is decreased to a minimum lower limit.
The SLG is then monitored, and when the SLG returns to a satisfactory level for a qualifying time, the concurrency level is increased to a defined normal level (or eliminated if no concurrency level was defined originally).
If the event cannot be easily identified or categorized by the DBS, then the event is simply logged as a ‘un-resolvable’ problem. This provides information which can be studied at a later date by a user and/or DBA, with a view to identifying new and systemic problems previously unknown.
The embodiment described herein, through a mixture of detection and management techniques, seeks to correctly manage users' expectations and concurrently smooth the peaks and valleys of usage. Simply being aware of the current or projected usage of the DBS may be a viable solution to smoothing peaks and valleys of usage. For example, if a user knows that he needs to run a particular report “sometime today,” he may avoid a high usage (and slow response) time in the morning in favor of a lower usage time in the afternoon. Moreover, if the work cannot be delayed, insight into DBS usage can, at the very least, help set reasonable expectations.
Moreover, the predetermined response to events, through the invocation of different ‘states’ (i.e., changes in the ruleset's working values) can also assist in smoothing peaks and valleys of usage. The embodiment described herein additionally seeks to manage automatically to better meet SLGs, in light of extenuating circumstances such as hardware failures, enterprise issues and business conditions.
However, automated workload management needs to act differently depending on what states are active on the system at any given time. Each unique combination of conditions and events could constitute a unique state with unique automated actions. Given a myriad of possible condition and event types and associated values, a combinatorial explosion of possible states can exist, making rule-based automated workload management a very daunting and error-prone task. For example, given just 15 different condition and event types that get monitored, each with a simple on or off value, there can be as many as 215=32,768 possible combinations of states. This number only increases as the number of unique condition and event types or the possible values of each monitored condition or event type increases.
A DBA managing the rules-based management system, after identifying each of these many states must also to designate a unique action for each state. The DBA would further need to associate priority to each state such that if more than one state were active at a given time, the automated workload management scheme would know which action takes precedence if the actions conflict. In general, the DBA would find these task overwhelming or even impossible, as it is extremely difficult to get one's arms around such an environment.
To solve this problem associated with automated workload management, or any rule-driven system in general, the present invention introduces an n-dimensional matrix to tame the combinatorial explosion of states and to provide a simpler perspective to the rules-based environment. Choosing two or more well-known key dimensions provides a perspective that guides the DBA to know whether or not he has identified all the important combinations, and minimizes the number of unique actions required when various combinations occur. Given that n<total possible event types that can be active, each unique event or event combination is collapsed into a finite number of one of the n-dimension elements.
In one embodiment, for example, as shown in
Each element 1115 of the state matrix 1100 is a <SysCon, OpEnv> pair that references a workload management state, which in turn invokes a single WVS instance of the workload management ruleset. Multiple matrix 1100 elements may reference a common state and thus invoke the same WVS instance of the workload management ruleset. However, only one state is in effect at any given time, based on the matrix 1100 element 1115 referenced by the highest SysCon severity and the highest OpEnv precedence in effect. However, a System Condition, Operating Environment Event, or state can change as specified by directives defined by the DBA. One of the main benefits of the states matrix 1100 is that the DBA does not specify a state change directly, but must do so indirectly through directives that change the SysCon or OpEnv.
When a particular condition or event combination is evaluated to be true, it is mapped to one of the elements 1115 of one of the dimensions of the matrix 1100. For example, given the condition “if AMP Worker Tasks available is less than 3 and Workload X's Concurrency is greater than 100” is “true,” it may map to the System Condition of RED. In another example, an event of “Monday through Friday between 7 AM and 6 PM” when “true” would map to the Operating Environment Event of OPERATIONAL_QUERIES.
The combination of <RED, OPERATIONAL_QUERIES>, per the corresponding matrix 1100 element 1115, maps to a specific workload management state, which in turn invokes the WVS instance of the workload management ruleset named WVS#21. Unspecified combinations would map to a default System Condition and a default Operating Environment.
Further, a state identified in one element 1115 of the matrix 1100 can be repeated in another element 1115 of the matrix 1100. For example, in
The effect of all this is that the matrix 1100 manages all possible states. In the example of
In addition to managing the number of states, the matrix 1100 facilitates conflict resolution. Suppose that more than one condition or event combination were true at any given time. Without the state matrix 1100, a list of 4096 possible states would need to be prioritized by the DBA to determine which workload management rules should be implemented, which would be a daunting task. The matrix 1100 greatly diminishes this challenge through the prioritization of each dimension.
For example, the values of the System Condition dimension are Green, Yellow and Red, wherein Yellow is more severe, or has higher precedence over Green, and Red is more severe or has higher precedence over Yellow as well as Green. If two condition and event combinations were to evaluate as “true” at the same time, one thereby mapping to Yellow and the other mapping to Red, the condition and event combination associated with Red would have precedence over the condition and event combination associated with Yellow.
Consider the following examples. In a first example, there may be a conflict resolution in the System Condition dimension between “Red,” which has precedence (e.g., is more “severe”) over “Yellow.” If a node is down/migrated, then a “Red” System Condition exists. If a dual system is down, then a “Yellow” System Condition exists. If a node is down/migrated and a dual system is down, then the “Red” System Condition has precedence.
In a second example, there may be a conflict resolution in the Operating Environment Event dimension between a “Daily Loads” event, which has precedence over “Operational Queries” events. At 8 AM, the Operating Environment Event may trigger the “Operational Queries” event. However, if loads are running, then the Operating Environment Event may also trigger the “Daily Loads” event. If it is 8 AM and the loads are still running, then the “Daily Loads” Operating Environment Event takes precedence.
Once detected, it is the general case that a condition or event status is remembered (persists) until the status is changed or reset. However, conditions or events may have expiration times, such as for user-defined conditions and events, for situations where the status fails to reset once the condition or event changes. Moreover, conditions or events may have qualification times that require the state be sustained for some period of time, to avoid thrashing situations. Finally, conditions or events may have minimum and maximum duration times to avoid frequent or infrequent state changes.
In summary, the state matrix of the present invention has a number of advantages. The state matrix introduces simplicity for the vast majority of user scenarios by preventing an explosion in state handing through a simple, understandable n-dimensional matrix. To maintain this simplicity, best practices will guide the system operator to fewer rather than many SysCon and OpEnv values. It also maintains master control of WVS on the system, but can also support very complex scenarios. In addition, the state matrix can alternatively support an external “enterprise” master through user-defined functions and notifications. Finally, the state matrix is intended to provide extra dimensions of system management using WD-level rules with a dynamic regulator.
A key point of the matrix 1100 is that by limiting actions to only change SysCon or OpEnv (and not states, or individual rules, or rules' WVs), master control is contained in a single place, and avoids having too many entities asserting control. For example, without this, a user might change the individual weight of one workload to give it highest priority, without understanding the impact this has on other workloads. Another user might change the priority of another workload to be even higher, such that they overwrite the intentions of the first user. Then, the DBS internally might have done yet different things. By funneling all actions to be associated with a SysCon or OpEnv instead of directed to individual rules in the ruleset, or directly to a state as a whole, the present invention avoids what could be chaos in the various events. Consequently, in the present invention, the WVS's are changed as a whole (since some settings must really be made in light of all workloads, not a single workload or other rule), and by changing just SysCon or OpEnv, in combination with precedence, conflict resolution is maintained at the matrix 1100.
However, while specific embodiments of a broader invention have been described herein, the present invention may also be carried out in a variety of alternative embodiments and thus is not limited to those described here. For example, while the invention has been described here in terms of a DBS that uses a massively parallel processing (MPP) architecture, other types of database systems, including those that use a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) architecture, are also useful in carrying out the invention. Many other embodiments are also within the scope of the following claims.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5596331 *||May 13, 1988||Jan 21, 1997||Lockheed Martin Corporation||Real-time control sequencer with state matrix logic|
|US5793362 *||Dec 4, 1995||Aug 11, 1998||Cabletron Systems, Inc.||Configurations tracking system using transition manager to evaluate votes to determine possible connections between ports in a communications network in accordance with transition tables|
|US6233623 *||Jan 11, 1996||May 15, 2001||Cabletron Systems, Inc.||Replicated resource management system for managing resources in a distributed application and maintaining a relativistic view of state|
|US7076404 *||Jan 15, 2004||Jul 11, 2006||Alstom Technology Ltd.||Method and apparatus for the analysis and monitoring of the partial discharge behavior of an electrical operating device|
|US7362766 *||Jun 24, 2005||Apr 22, 2008||Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.||System and method for dynamically controlling weights assigned to consumers competing for a shared resource|
|US7571154 *||Jul 28, 2005||Aug 4, 2009||Cassatt Corporation||Autonomic control of a distributed computing system using an application matrix to control application deployment|
|US7702676 *||Mar 12, 2007||Apr 20, 2010||Teradata Us, Inc.||Parallel virtual optimization|
|US20010042139 *||Aug 1, 2001||Nov 15, 2001||Aprisma Management Technologies||Replicated resource management system for managing resources in a distributed application and maintaining a relativistic view of state|
|US20040147814 *||Jan 27, 2003||Jul 29, 2004||William Zancho||Determination of emotional and physiological states of a recipient of a communicaiton|
|US20080046895 *||Aug 15, 2006||Feb 21, 2008||International Business Machines Corporation||Affinity dispatching load balancer with precise CPU consumption data|
|US20080178192 *||Mar 19, 2008||Jul 24, 2008||International Business Machines Corporation||Affinity dispatching load balancer with precise cpu consumption data|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US8413159 *||Jan 24, 2012||Apr 2, 2013||International Business Machines Corporation||Classifying workload for a service|
|US9141447||Dec 15, 2010||Sep 22, 2015||Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc||Conditional deferred queuing|
|US20120124578 *||Jan 24, 2012||May 17, 2012||International Business Machines Corporation||Classifying workload for a service|
|CN102541552A *||Dec 14, 2011||Jul 4, 2012||微软公司||Conditional deferred queuing|
|U.S. Classification||719/318, 718/103, 718/105, 709/223, 709/224, 709/225|
|International Classification||G06F9/44, G06F15/173|
|May 14, 2007||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: NCR CORPORATION, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RICHARDS, ANITA;BROWN, DOUGLAS P.;REEL/FRAME:019377/0938;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070510 TO 20070511
Owner name: NCR CORPORATION, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RICHARDS, ANITA;BROWN, DOUGLAS P.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070510 TO 20070511;REEL/FRAME:019377/0938
|Mar 18, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: TERADATA US, INC., OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NCR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:020666/0438
Effective date: 20080228
Owner name: TERADATA US, INC.,OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NCR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:020666/0438
Effective date: 20080228
|Apr 2, 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
When choosing a wedding look, jewellery is often an afterthought (it’s all about the dress, right?). But sometimes, smaller details can really go a long way, which is why we’re going to make it easy for you: get a choker or two, and wear on repeat. Why? Chokers are the rare elegant, modern, and cool necklace style that works for bride, wedding party, and guests alike. Plus, they get major bonus points for working with a variety of necklines, and are easily dressed up or down. Scroll down to see some of our must-shop favourites from Eddie Borgo to Mango, and everything in between.
On Lily Aldridge: Marc Alary choker
Gabriela Artigas Orbit Choker ($210) in Yellow Gold
This choker, from one of our favourite jewellery designers, offers chic minimalism at its best. This beauty hits on the delicate jewellery trend as well.
Eddie Borgo Safety Chain Choker ($375) in Silver
We think this edgy choker would look so cool paired with a feminine floral dress.
Club Monaco Tippi Statement Necklace ($99) in Jet/Pink Sand
This choker makes a subtle statement that’s sure to dress up a simple dress.
Pieces of Starr Open Flat Choker ($170)
The simple, handmade feel of this versatile choker lends itself well to patterned or embellished dresses.
Kenneth Jay Lane Pearl Choker Necklace ($50) in Pearl/Gold
Two trends in one, at a great price point, is hard to beat.
Mango Snake Chain Choker ($40) in Gold
We’re getting a subtle ‘80s vibe from this golden chain.
Pamela Love Sunset Choker Necklace ($255) in Brass/Onyx
Pamela Love nailed it with this perfectly-sized pendant.
Loren Stewart Pearl & Gold Wire Choker ($375) in 14k Gold
A whisper-thin pearl and gold piece has investment appeal in spades. This is a lovely choice for a bride.
Balenciaga Hinged Cage Choker ($695) in Rose Goldtone
This designer piece is practically a work of art. We’re not saying it’s inexpensive by any means, but it’s Balenciaga for less than $1,000!
Lady Grey Silver Plated Cheval Collar ($106)
Wear this collar with the opening to the front to display the ingenious equestrian detail. A chic conversation piece is always a plus at weddings.

domain: artistic


text:
San Francisco, California – December 9, 2021 – Sverica Capital Management LP (“Sverica”), a private equity investment firm, announced today that it has made a strategic investment in ShadowDragon (“ShadowDragon” or the “Company”).
Founded in 2015, ShadowDragon is a leading threat intelligence software provider focused on offering open-source intelligence (OSINT) data and tools to both public sector and commercial clients to help streamline investigations and safeguard assets. The Company’s flagship product, SocialNet, helps aggregate data from 140+ different platforms across the clear, deep, and dark web to uncover identities, networks, and connections of potential threat actors. The Company offers a number of additional products including OIMonitor, MalNet, and Spotter that serve as useful tools to security teams across a wide array of use cases.
“I founded ShadowDragon with the mission of providing the good guys with the right tools to fight the bad guys… and win,” said Daniel Clemens, Founder and CEO of ShadowDragon. “We have made great strides in making tools to augment the capability of the good guys and level the playing field against complex adversaries. By combining our exceptional team, market need, and technology with the expertise and resources of Sverica, ShadowDragon has the opportunity to grow faster and accelerate innovation to help customers proactively respond to even the most advanced threats. We couldn’t be more excited to partner with the Sverica team and take ShadowDragon to the next level.” Clemens will continue to lead the Company, while Frank Young, Managing Partner at Sverica, and Michael Dougherty, Vice President at Sverica, will join ShadowDragon’s Board of Directors as part of the transaction.
“ShadowDragon has built an exceptional business by simply creating products that customers love. The Company has maintained tremendous growth without a formal sales effort, demonstrating the value customers receive and the opportunity to increase the awareness and reach of their differentiated products. We are thrilled to partner with Daniel and the team, as we look to further invest in the business to drive the next phase of growth,” said Frank Young, Managing Partner at Sverica.
Michael Dougherty, Vice President at Sverica, added “Organizations are continuing to evolve the sophistication of their security programs, including becoming more proactive instead of reactive, which requires building effective intelligence capabilities. Given that OSINT is a critical piece of any intelligence program, we believe ShadowDragon is well-positioned to benefit from positive tailwinds in the security space and are excited about the partnership with the team.”
ShadowDragon provides publicly accessible information (PAI) and open-source intelligence (OSINT) software, data, and training to enable customers to prevent and attribute actions of threat actors in both the physical and digital world. ShadowDragon’s solutions are used by hundreds of businesses, as well as intelligence and law enforcement organizations around the world. The Company is based in the United States. For more information, visit shadowdragon.io.

domain: economics


text:
(DETROIT) – Workers with Air General who provide cargo, mail handling and warehousing services at Detroit Metropolitan Airport have voted to join Teamsters Local 283 in Wyandotte, Mich. The 30 workers joined the Teamsters seeking better pay, benefits and working conditions.
“Congratulations to these workers on uniting as Teamsters to make positive changes in their workplace,” said Greg Nowak, President of Teamsters Joint Council 43. “This was a great effort, including assistance to the workers from Local 283 and Joint Council 43 organizer Marian Novak.”
According to Novak, this is the first Air General operation among the company’s more than 25 locations across the country that is union.
“We are pleased to welcome Air General workers to the Teamsters and look forward to representing these newest members,” said Mike Finnegan, Secretary-Treasurer of Local 283.
Kyle Oakley is an Air General cargo account agent. He and his co-workers handle cargo, medical shipments, U.S. mail and even pets.
“Our pay was cut and the health care is unaffordable,” Oakley said. “The Teamsters sounded like the right union to call!”
Founded in 1903, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters represents 1.4 million hardworking men and women throughout the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico. Visit www.teamster.org for more information. Follow us on Twitter @Teamsters and “like” us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/teamsters.

domain: news


Simple fix adds door-chime repeater
Dennis Eichenberg, Parma Heights, OH - May 13, 1999
Electromechanical door chimes can enhance your home, but they are vulnerable to costly repair problems. A defective pushbutton switch or a careless visitor can maintain the chime in an energized state for a prolonged period, thereby damaging the chime. The circuit in Figure 1 prevents damage to the chime and improves the chime's effectiveness by repeating the chime strike for as long as the pushbutton remains depressed. The circuit controls both front and rear chimes. The heart of the circuit is timer IC2, which you configure as an astable multivibrator. The timing components, R1, R2, R3, and C3, provide the required pulse widths.
The maximum duty cycle of a typical chime is 25%. The energized time is 0.76(R3+R4)C3, which you can adjust from 7.6 msec to 0.4 sec. The de-energized time is 0.693(R1+R2)C3, which you can adjust from 0.3 to 1 sec. IC2 drives the 12V relay, K1, via resistor R5 and transistor Q1. D5 is a flyback diode that protects K1. You must select K1 to fit the specific chime. The coil current can be as high as 200 mA. The circuit normally uses closed contacts so that illuminated pushbutton switches operate properly. The 16V-ac door-chime power energizes the circuit via bridge BR1. IC1 provides voltage regulation, and C1 and C2 provide filtering. Diodes D1 and D2 provide power from the rear-door pushbutton. D3 isolates the filtered timer power from the relay. (DI #2349).


text:
More than 40 years after the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) guaranteed the right of students with disabilities to free and appropriate public education in the ‘least restrictive environment’, more than half of the students who are classified as having an intellectual disability are educated in classrooms segregated from their non-disabled peers. In 2017, is this necessary? Is it even ethical? I don't believe so.
Permitting students with disabilities to attend the same school or study in the same classroom with their non-disabled peers was a giant step forward in protecting the civil right of all Americans. It’s now time to reconsider our responsibilities to students with disabilities given the affordances of digital technologies that were not available when IDEA was first passed. In 2017, let’s raise the bar from providing the ‘least restrictive’ environment to providing the ‘most inclusive’ environment. I define ‘most inclusive’ as enabling students with disabilities to be educated in a manner that maximizes their learning gains while minimizing barriers to direct engagement with their teachers and peers. To put it more simply, to help students with disabilities students they belong.
How do we make our classrooms more inclusive?
Schools can help all students ‘fit in’ and succeed by embracing digital curricula that (1) adapts instructional content to meet the student’s learning needs and (2) provides the teacher with guidance on how to respond to each student’s needs. I created Books That Grow for this specific purpose. Using our platform, a teacher can assign one text to a class, and every student will see the ‘same’ text presented differently, based on their individual reading ability. Now, a student with a reading disability can sit alongside his or her non-disabled peers, discreetly read a modified version of the text, and join in the class discussion. Inclusion means having the choice to be like everyone else.
Inclusion is academically beneficial for both disabled and non-disabled students
There is a growing body of evidence to support that inclusion is the most effective way to educate students with disabilities. A recently published, systematic review of research evidence highlights several studies that demonstrate the benefits of inclusion. One particular study demonstrated that learning-disabled students in inclusive settings were more than three years ahead of their segregated peers in reading, writing, and literacy skills. Numerous studies also demonstrate non-disabled students also benefit from being educated in inclusive classrooms. Dr. Thomas Hehir, a Professor of Education at Harvard University writes, “Effectively including a student with a disability requires teachers and school administrators to develop capacities to support the individual strengths and needs of every student, not just those students with disabilities.”
Inclusion promotes tolerance and empathy
Beyond the academic benefits, research demonstrates that inclusive education promotes tolerance and empathy. Dr. Hehir’s research also found that, “non-disabled students who are educated in inclusive classrooms hold less prejudicial views and are more accepting,” of others. In an era of increasing meanspiritedness - where disabled students are subjected to bullying and attacks both online and offline - it’s imperative that we help all students develop empathy and respect for people who are different from themselves.
With inclusive classrooms, everyone wins. As a society, if we want to promote inclusion in 2017, it makes sense to start in our schools.
About the author
Daniel Fountenberry is the Founder and CEO of Books That Grow - an instructional platform that supports the inclusion of special needs students in mainstream classes.

domain: sociology


text:
There are several treatment for vocal cord paralysis, among them are surgery and voice therapy.
There are several methods for treating vocal cord paralysis, among them surgery and voice therapy. In some cases, the voice returns without treatment during the first year after damage. For that reason, doctors often delay corrective surgery for at least a year to be sure the voice does not recover spontaneously. During this time, the suggested treatment is usually voice therapy, which may involve exercises to strengthen the vocal cords or improve breath control during speech. Sometimes, a speech-language pathologist must teach patients to talk in different ways. For instance, the therapist might suggest that the patient speak more slowly or consciously open the mouth wider when speaking.
Surgery involves adding bulk to the paralyzed vocal cord or changing its position. To add bulk, an otolaryngologist injects a substance, commonly Teflon, into the paralyzed cord. Other substances currently used are collagen, a structural protein; silicone, a synthetic material; and body fat. The added bulk reduces the space between the vocal cords so the nonparalyzed cord can make closer contact with the paralyzed cord and thus improve the voice.
Sometimes an operation that permanently shifts a paralyzed cord closer to the center of the airway may improve the voice. Again, this operation allows the nonparalyzed cord to make better contact with the paralyzed cord. Adding bulk to the vocal cord or shifting its position can improve both voice and swallowing. After these operations, patients may also undergo voice therapy, which often helps to fine-tune the voice.
Treating people who have two paralyzed vocal cords may involve performing a surgical procedure called a tracheotomy to help breathing. In a tracheotomy, an incision is made in the front of the patient’s neck and a breathing tube (tracheotomy tube) is inserted through a hole, called a stoma, into the trachea. Rather than breathing through the nose and mouth, the patient now breathes through the tube. Following surgery, the patient may need therapy with a speech-language pathologist to learn how to care for the breathing tube properly and how to reuse the voice.
All possible measures have been taken to ensure accuracy, reliability, timeliness and authenticity of the information; however Onlymyhealth.com does not take any liability for the same. Using any information provided by the website is solely at the viewers’ discretion. In case of any medical exigencies/ persistent health issues, we advise you to seek a qualified medical practitioner before putting to use any advice/tips given by our team or any third party in form of answers/comments on the above mentioned website.

domain: medical


text:
Grazing in the Aspens
16 x 20" / Oil and AcrylicI took a photograph of the buffaloes up on Steamboat Mountain while traveling last fall. I decided to paint these beautiful, colorful aspens as the buffaloes grazed through the trees.
Aspens in the Fall, Linda Faul
Not currently in gallery: This artwork is available for online purchase or to request a private viewing. Please select the "Interested / Questions" button below to inquire about this piece.

domain: hobby


Subsequently, the company evolved becoming a manufacturer of work clothes, and after the Second World War it began the production of ski clothing. Currently, the collection includes both sports and lifestyle garments.
The brand has further explored both the research for increasingly technical and high-performance fabrics to support sporting performance and the world of fashion. Important collaborations have begun with world-famous companies, designers, and stylists.
After many years, the company is still family-run and is led by the third generation, i.e. the founder’s grandchildren, Mario, Giulio, Carlo, and Laura. It is still strongly rooted in the Monza area, and more and more attentive to people and environment protection.
This Policy is the expression of Colmar’s commitment on these topics. Colmar undertakes as primary pillar of its development strategy the management of products, activities, and services, with respect for Health and Safety at work, and Environment.


text:
In the world we are living in, people have varied reasons as to why they leave their aboard to visit other places where they have either been before, or places where they have never been. Whatever the case may be, there could be multiple reasons that would give one the jab to help them make that crucial decision.
Some of the greatest motivators to travel would be, but not limited to:
- Curiosity; when most of us learn about a certain place in one way or the other, curiosity gets the better of us and we get the urge to visit and have a personal experience which is common with most travellers.
- Adventure and exploration; the need to explore pushes us to take that reap. You could be watching documentaries on television and other media platforms which might ultimately cause you to identify with the place hence the need to visit and explore.
- Meet new people; even by just stepping out of your aboard, chances of meeting new people are very high depending on your reason for stepping out. Likewise, visiting new places puts us on the path of encountering guys we have not met before and probably making new friends, and this becomes a motivation to travel.
- Discovery; More often than not, when we travel to new places, we must discover something new; be it a different way of doing things that we always do, or a new culture.
- Taste food in different places; Sometimes food define culture. In most places especially in Africa people eat food that is grown locally. This almost defines who they are depending on the type of food they eat. Consequently, travelers from other destinations eat and at times they love the food and it becomes a motivation.
Be that as it may, travel is an important activity that can at times define who we are by exposing us to different experiences and enabling us to connect with new friends as well as get acquainted to their culture. So, travel more! #totravelistolive #travelwithus #taisafariskenya.com

domain: travel


text:
Here is Lucy's Holiday card! Merry Christmas from her and her pups, Emmy, Sammie, Lucky, Ralphie, and Sebastian. Lucy also wanted to say thank you to everyone who donated to her puppy shower! Your generous donations raised over $1400 for her and the pups!
We can't believe it but Lucy's kids are now old enough to look for forever homes. In fact, we are excited to tell you that Ralphie is the first to find a forever home today! Merry Christmas to Ralphie and his forever Mom!
You can learn more about each his siblings on our Dogs Available page: http://www.cockerspanielrescue.com/adopt/dogs-available. We are sure they will be scooped up quickly!

domain: pet


text:
The slender, scaly, legless form of snakes is familiar to all, but not everything that looks like a snake is really a snake. Through convergent evolution, many other distantly related animals have arrived at remarkably similar forms. Why are there so many snake look-alikes? How can we know what is a snake and what is a fake? You will explore these questions through observations of preserved specimens drawn from the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology Herpetology Collection. After looking for traits that separate snakes from other legless animals, you will investigate the process through which snakes and their look-alikes have evolved similar forms. This lesson is suitable for middle and high school students.
Advance registration required. $50 deposit will be refunded upon completion of the workshop.
You will receive:
Breakfast and lunch each day
$100 stipend upon completion of the workshop
Two-year family museum membership, and six family passes for your students
PDP certificate (Massachusetts requires at least 10 PDPs for any award. If you take both workshops you will earn 10 PDPs. For teachers who participated in workshops with us over the past year, we can add 5 PDPs per workshop to your existing points.)
Harvard University regulations require that all participants wear masks indoors and show proof of vaccination or a recent negative PCR COVID Test (within 72 hours). Workshop group size will be limited to allow for social distancing. See our website for full COVID-19 safety protocols.

domain: biology


In another reorganization step, the Joliet Police Department will seek accreditation through a national commission.
The Joliet City Council on Tuesday night voted to authorize the department to start the process with the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. The not-for-profit commission was formed in 1979 by four of the most prestigious national police organizations.
"I think it will enhance our professionalism," said Joliet Deputy Police Chief Bill Fitzgerald.
Joliet Police Cmdr. Richard Fonck, one of two employees assigned full time to the task, said the accreditation process should last two to three years. The department, once accredited, would have to be recertified every three years, he said.
In December, the City Council approved a reorganization plan for the Police Department that resulted in a restructuring of divisions and an increase in the number of supervisors. In January, when the new supervisors were unveiled, city and police officials announced their intentions to seek accreditation.
"The accreditation program is something that distinguishes your police department from a standard police department," Joliet City Manager John Mezera said on Monday after the council discussed the plan at a work session.
"It sets standards in 439 areas that really require tremendous accountability and it is appropriate that Joliet take that step," he said.
According to Mezera, the benefits to Joliet could include helping the department to increase its community advocacy, improving relationships with other law enforcement agencies, providing a stronger defense against lawsuits and helping to control liability insurance rates.
The Joliet department will work to bring its operating procedures into line with the commission's standards, Fonck said. The department, which has 249 patrol officers, likely meets many of the standards because of its size, he said.
Fonck said that Joliet residents will be invited to provide comments about the department for commission employees during public hearings.


text:
There are some occasions when the editorial “we” is almost viscerally inadequate. Writing about my friend Peter Collier—the prolific biographer and novelist, literary impresario, and tireless cultural warrior—is one such. Although he made it a full decade beyond the biblically sanctioned allotment of three score and ten, the announcement early last month that Peter had died, at the age of eighty, still came as a shock.
It’s not that eighty, no matter what the tabloids tell us, is the new fifty (though for some it seems to be the new fifteen). It isn’t. But Peter always seemed so vibrant, so vital. He was habitually solicitous about my health, beginning most conversations with a pressing question or two, but his palpable buoyancy led me to take his for granted. Often when we spoke by telephone he had just come from the squash court near his house in bucolic Nevada City, California. He was always busy with a new literary project or helping his lifelong friend David Horowitz (another perpetual motion machine) run the eponymous David Horowitz Freedom Center, with its myriad sub-enterprises. A friend we had in common gave me the news of Peter’s death in a codicil to an email about another subject. Much to my mortification, I hadn’t even known that he had been ill, but he had been, gravely, first from leukemia, then from the wretched chemotherapy that killed his cancer and then killed him.
I cannot fix the date or place of my first meeting with Peter. It must have been some time in the later 1980s, after he and David famously had their “second thoughts” about their youthful left-wingery and had at first drifted, and then galloped, to a robust pro-American conservatism. It was in 1985 that the duo published their notorious manifesto “Lefties for Reagan” in The Washington Post. To their comrades on the left, it had the effect of Luther’s ninety-five theses. Ronald Reagan? It was an announcement of apostasy, a declaration of war. The two were transformed overnight into personae non gratae, enemies of The Movement. Peter and I must have met around then, certainly before 1989, when Peter and David’s book Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts About the Sixties was first published, and, coincidentally, the year I began working full time at The New Criterion (I had been writing for the magazine since 1983).
But it was not until after Peter started Encounter Books, in 1998, that we became friends. In 2000, Encounter published my book The Long March: How the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s Changed America. Peter liked to describe The Long March as the “second-best book about the Sixties”; I said the same about Destructive Generation. Connoisseurs, I am told, maintain that no library containing one is complete without the other. Fortunately, Peter never wrote about what has happened to the academic study of art history, so when, in 2004, Encounter published The Rape of the Masters: How Political Correctness Sabotages Art, I had the field to myself.
I well remember the frisson of anticipation that coruscated across the conservative firmament when Encounter Books was announced. Although Encounter was at first based in San Francisco, the main launch party was in Washington, D.C. Tout le monde from the conservative side of the aisle was in attendance, along with some skeptical members of the press. “Serious Books for Serious Readers” was one early motto. The aptness of the tag may be inferred from a sampling of titles from those first years. Let’s leave aside that second-best book about the Sixties: Peter also published such classics as Mexifornia by Victor Davis Hanson, On Two Wings: Humble Faith and Common Sense at the American Founding by Michael Novak, The Prince of the City (a biography of Rudy Giuliani) by Fred Siegel, Against All Hope: A Memoir of Life in Castro’s Gulag by Armando Valladares, Diversity: The Invention of a Concept by Peter Wood, Heaven on Earth (a brilliant anatomy of socialism) by Joshua Muravchik, and Black Rednecks and White Liberals by the great Thomas Sowell. That last book started a precedent: it wound up at the scrappy upstart Encounter because none of the mainstream houses had the courage to publish it.
I suppose that Aristotle might have called Peter the efficient cause of Encounter Books. The material and formal causes came from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation via the late Michael Joyce, the foundation’s director and the fecund source of so many conservative initiatives, and his far-seeing colleague Dianne Sehler, who with Peter worked out the plan for the enterprise. The final cause, of course, was to illuminate the most exigent political and moral questions of the day and by so doing to help change the world for the better.
The history of Peter’s association with Encounter, and of my intersection therewith, demonstrates the sly operation of what some call coincidence, others Providence.
Encounter Books was named after the English monthly Encounter, one of a suite of intellectual magazines started after the Second World War with the help of an organization called the Congress for Cultural Freedom. There was Preuves in France, Der Monat in Germany, and others in Africa, Brazil, India, Italy, and elsewhere. Encounter, whose founding editors were Irving Kristol and Stephen Spender, was always the flagship of the lot. The only two still surviving are The China Quarterly, based in the United Kingdom, and Quadrant in Australia, flourishing in recent years under the enlightened editorship of the historian Keith Windschuttle.
All of these periodicals shared, in broad outline, an ideological perspective. They were obviously liberal but also staunchly anti-Stalinist. Encounter’s contributors were a who’s who of contemporary writers and academics, from W. H. Auden, James Agee, and Kingsley Amis to Daniel Bell, Cyril Connolly, Arthur Koestler, Philip Larkin, Mary McCarthy, Nancy Mitford, Susan Sontag, C. P. Snow, Evelyn Waugh, and on and on. In 1990, after my book Tenured Radicals was published, I was asked if I would like to edit Encounter. The long-time editor, Melvin Lasky, was nearing retirement and it was thought that a younger man with my general outlook might be the ticket. London being my favorite city, I responded with an enthusiastic Yes.
I flew to London, discussed the position with Mel and the magazine’s publisher, and everything seemed set. I began reforming my orthography, writing “centre,” “honour,” “programme,” etc., and nibbling on kippers and steak and kidney pie. There was just one catch. Encounter had been struggling financially for some years. The Bradley Foundation, which had suggested the scheme, was willing to help, but only if additional funds could be raised in England.
Alas, the habit of private philanthropy is stunted in England—in Europe generally—and the funds were not to be found. Encounter closed in 1991 and the Bradley Foundation bought the name and settled its affairs.
Back up to 1966. A young, left-wing firebrand named Peter Collier had recently left Berkeley, where he was working on a Ph.D. thesis about Jane Austen (his choice of subject shows his inherent good sense), and joined the staff of Ramparts magazine. No magazine was more radical, or more influential, than Ramparts in its heyday. At its peak, it boasted a circulation of some four hundred thousand. It helped launch Hunter S. Thompson and spring Eldridge Cleaver from jail by publishing parts of what became Soul on Ice (the literary bijou that infamously described rape as “an insurrectionary act”). It also helped to make the Black Panthers––a thuggish group that Peter rightly described as "a black version of Murder Inc."–– a national phenomenon. Ramparts, Peter wrote, was “an open mic for Castroism and helped author the myth of Saint Che by secretly obtaining and publishing the Guevara diaries.” Spécialités de la maison were articles exposing the cia’s covert support of various seemingly independent enterprises. Soon after Peter arrived, the magazine published its first big scoop, an exposé of the cia’s secret infiltration of the National Student Association. Then, in 1967, Peter was behind an article that revealed something that had been rumored but never documented: the cia’s covert support for the Congress for Cultural Freedom and hence its even more covert support for all those Cold War magazines, Encounter included.
The revelation precipitated outrage on the left. There were gleeful articles savoring Encounter’s embarrassment in the mainstream media. Stephen Spender (who must surely have known about the connection) quit in a huff. My own view is that it was about the best and most effective money ever spent by the agency. Those magazines championed Western values and open debate, at a time when both were under concerted threats from Soviet tyranny. Many writers disagreed, however, and competed with one another to find the highest horse upon which to climb and announce their disgust and determination never to write for the magazine again. The tempest almost sank Encounter.
Fast forward to the late 1990s. An older, wiser, more politically mature Peter Collier was tapped to take the reins of the fledging book-publishing company called Encounter. Peter ran Encounter from 1998 until 2005, when he retired and I was once again asked whether I would be interested in taking on Encounter, this time to publish books, not a monthly magazine. We moved Encounter to New York at the beginning of 2006. It was then, and for the next several years, that my friendship with Peter really flowered. We spoke nearly every day, sometimes several times a day, as he guided me through the byzantine complexities and economic absurdities of the book publishing industry. He was an invaluable counselor and confidant, a man whose judgment about matters personal as well as political, literary, and cultural I trusted absolutely.
Most of the many notices about Peter’s death have minuted his various literary triumphs. Together with David Horowitz, his co-author, he was the dean of the American dynasty, with bestselling books about the Rockefellers, the Fords, the Roosevelts, and the Kennedys, a subject of special fascination for Peter (he left behind a novel about that strangest of families). Peter also wrote several books extolling the virtues of the American military, including a sumptuous celebration of recipients of the Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest military honor. Peter donated the proceeds of that book to a charity supporting the award. He told me that he regarded that gesture as a way of making amends for his youthful anti-American radicalism.
One element of Peter’s life that is missing from the obituaries I have seen concerns religion. In his later years, anyway, Peter was a devout Catholic, a near-daily communicant for at least part of the time we were closest. One day, we happened to be discussing the Mass and we agreed that the most moving part of the ceremony came towards the end, right before Communion, when the congregation repeats the repentant Centurion’s solemn words: “Domine, non sum dignus ut intres sub tectum meum: sed tantum dic verbo, et sanabitur anima mea”: “Lord I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof: but only say the word and my soul shall be healed.” Requiescat in pace.
This article originally appeared in The New Criterion, Volume 38 Number 4, on page 1
Copyright © 2024 The New Criterion | www.newcriterion.com

domain: literature


Canon VIXIA HF G10 Review – Just take a look carefully
Right now I want to tell you a little things about Canon VIXIA HF G10 Review. It is might not a powerful camera, but I’m sure it is great camera that comfortable for you. So for this Canon VIXIA HF G10 Review, just read carefully and find a taste of this camera yourself.
Canon VIXIA HF G10 Review – Really wonderful Canon Digital camera
Canon has done fabulous enterprise in the market relating to digital camera or camcorders. The main purpose behind the success of Canon is its revolutionary efforts and flawless gadgets. Outfitted with all the options of handy cam, this gadget is highly suitable for skilled and private functions as well. In actual fact, the awesome know-how of Latest Canon Digital gadgets has surpassed the recognition of helpful cams. The G10 is efficient for each amateur and professional videographers and might best results from this device.
The perfect reason about G10 is its HD CMOS Pro image processing technology. Owing to the chopping ability and the CMOS Professional image processor, Canon G10 has been able to produce better picture recording and better low-light performance. The brand new development of Canon devices is concentrated on the amount of sunshine recorded by every pixel of the picture processor. This growth has made each pixel bigger which enables the picture processor to work in lower light. Besides, it might extra simply do full time at high-definition decision in low lighting (1920 by 1080) offering wonderful results.
Canon VIXIA HF G10 Review
You’ll find a 0.24-inch standard via-the-lens viewfinder with 260,000 dot resolution. It actually helps in viewing a scene when the usual three-inch, multi-place LCD is washed out by vivid light. The existence of DIGIC processor allows the person to use as much as 38 automatic scene modes. This mode is a mixture of bits and items of all the accessible modes into 38 automatic scenes so you do not have to consider something but the video.
Additionally, you will discover innumerable options on these cameras. It’s fairly spectacular that the autofocus system actually relies on dual focusing as there may be an external picture processor that helps the autofocus to supply fast high quality focusing. Other subtle features of these camcorders include video processing at close to-cinema quality 24 fps. It is usually very convincing that the G10 does use disk storage. Additionally, you too can get pleasure from as much as one hundred sixty GB of flash reminiscence for not only backup of your flash, but additionally on your shooting.
Above all, the low-light efficiency of the G10 is obviously stunning and that is due to its imaging processor. The Newest Camcorder can be efficient in delivering about sixty one percent more light per pixel. These cameras additionally allow you to add to excessive-definition video gadgets or the internet by way of the Wi-Fi ability of the G10.
Canon VIXIA HF G10 Review – Nice Camera


Serbia Proposes Joint Balkan Embassies in Asia, Africa, Latin America
Serbia has proposed to establish joint diplomatic missions abroad with a number of Balkan countries.
Serbia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs has launched talks on the matter with Skopje, while Podgorica, Sarajevo and Ljubljana on possible joint diplomatic outposts in Africa, Asia and Latin America, according to news portal SarajevoTimes.
Serbian Foreign Minister Ivan Mrkic explained that the measure was expected to cut costs and make Balkan countries more visible in many parts of the world, adding that the sides were expected to reach agreement on the matter by the end of the year.
He also made clear that Serbia was closest to an agreement with Macedonia and Montenegro.
- » Ansbach Attacker 'Feared Deportation to Bulgaria'
- » Russia, Turkey Reach ‘Political Decision’ on Gas Pipeline, NPP Projects
- » New Tax Hikes Force Rise in Relocation of Greek Firms to Bulgaria
- » Migration-Wary Bulgaria, Greece Agree to Hold Joint Special Forces Exercise at Border
- » Islamic State Group Claims Responsibility for Normandy Church Attack
- » Quarter of a Million Migrants Arrive by Sea in Europe so far in 2016


text:
In Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action the Supreme Court held 6-2 that voters may by ballot prohibit affirmative action in public universities admission decisions. While this case was limited to the use of race in public university admission decisions, Michigan’s constitutional amendment also prohibits the use of racial-preference in state and local government employment and contracting. Presumably, these provisions are also constitutional. As NCSL’s Affirmative Action: State Action chart describes, a number of states prohibit the use of affirmative action in local government employment and contracting.
In 2003 in Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger, involving the University of Michigan, the Supreme Court held that public universities may consider race in admission decisions. In 2006 Michigan voters adopted a constitutional amendment which prohibited preferential treatment in admission to public universities on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin.
The majority of the Court held this amendment does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Kennedy, in a plurality opinion joined only by Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito, concluded that this case is about who and not how the debate over racial preferences should be resolved. “There is no authority in the Constitution of the United States or in this Court’s precedents for the Judiciary to set aside Michigan laws that commit this policy determination to the voters.”
In reaching this holding Justice Kennedy rejected a broad reading of past precedent that any state action with a “racial focus” that makes it “more difficult for certain racial minorities than for other groups” to “achieve legislation that is in their interest” is subject to strict scrutiny. Justice Kennedy pointed to numerous practical problems with this so-called “political process” doctrine including: assuming that all individuals of the same race think alike; defining race-based categories in a society where “those lines are becoming more blurred”; and determining which policy realms racial groups have a political interest.
Justices Scalia and Thomas agreed that the ballot measure was constitutional but would have overruled the precedent that Justice Kennedy read narrowly. For the first time since she joined the Court in 2009, Justice Sotomayor read a summary of her dissent, which Justice Ginsberg joined, from the bench—signaling her displeasure with the Court’s decision. Justice Breyer provided the sixth vote in favor of the amendment but wrote separately; Justice Kagan did not participate in the case.
While those for and against the ballot measure disagree about the wisdom of the Court’s decision, both agree that it will only be a matter of time until more states follow Michigan’s lead.


Can a Facebook page be America’s most reliable news source? Over 80,000 people seem to think so.
The rise of Unbiased America is perhaps the most interesting development in the fast-evolving news media landscape. As its name suggests, the outlet’s motto states that “Facts should dictate opinion, not the other way around.” This may seem like an obvious dogma for any news organization, but considering that distrust in the media is at an all-time high, many have placed their faith in the platform solely for that reason.
Even more interesting is that it’s a page on Facebook: the news platform is so bare-bones that it only just recently launched a website. Against the odds, the platform has grown from a thousand likes in 2013 to 25,000 in 2016. Today, the page boasts over 82,000 readers. How has it grown so popular in such a short period of time?
As someone who is a bit of a news-junkie, I have an idea as to why the platform—which publishes its articles as essay-length status updates—has grown so popular.
First, the country is in the midst of a “fake news” phenomenon, where people from both the left and the right unilaterally bemoan the state of the media. Some blame CNN for Donald Trump’s ascendency, while others blame The New York Times for the scandals surrounding his early presidency. Unbiased America, critically, has a generally neutral outlook. Some posts are critical of the Republican-controlled Congress, while others attempt to correct statistics about historical tax rates. In addition, every single article or image posted has citations at the bottom, linking to the original sources of the facts. It’s much easier to really believe “facts” about the minimum wage when you’re presented with a link to the original research on the National Bureau of Economic Research website.
Second, given the massive growth in the impact of social media on news consumption, Facebook is almost beginning to seem like a natural location from where to base a news publication. The so-called “viral” component of social media sharing is slowly becoming the bread-and-butter of all news outlets, so why not deliver articles there directly? Take note, Wall Street Journal.
Perusing through Facebook for the last two months and seeing an Unbiased America news post one or two times a day, I’ve become convinced that so far, it has lived up to its name.


text:
Attorney General Jeff Sessions didn’t assuage journalists’ fears Friday that prosecuting WikiLeaks could open the door to charging news organizations for publishing classified information,.. Huffington Post
Former CNN business correspondent Ali Velshi is heading to MSNBC. The news network announced Tuesday the immediate appointment of Velshi, best known from his more than a decade as a CNN anchor and its.. Source: Wochit News -
Donald Trump's and Hillary Clinton's economic policy plans for America offer different ideas for growing the middle class and competing in a global economy. Larry talks with financial expert Ali Velshi.. Source: PoliticKing -
MSNBC host Ali Velshi clashed with Rep. Jim Jordan (R-OH) over the popularity of universal health care systems. Jordan argued during a Thursday interview on MSNBC that Republicans should do a.. Raw Story
Al Jazeera business correspondent Ali Velshi took former Trump campaign manager Corey Lewandowski to school on Tuesday following Donald Trump’s economic policy campaign speech. As Trump was outlining.. Raw Story
Al Jazeera Media Network is cutting roughly 500 jobs worldwide, the majority of which are in Qatar. The company calls the latest round of cutbacks “an optimization initiative in connection with the.. The Wrap
TrustBelt Headliners Announced for August 7-9 Conference in Chicago, Ill.
Atlanta, GA (PRWEB) March 21, 2016
Conway Inc. announced the initial speaker lineup today for the second annual TrustBelt.. PRWeb
Al Jazeera America, the cable television news outlet controlled by Qatar's royal family, has issued a WARN (Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act) notice, stating that it will lay off 197.. Huffington Post
Ali Velshi, an anchor at the soon-to-be-shuttered Al Jazeera America, expressed his dismay Wednesday at the network's abrupt closure.
“While Americans, survey after survey, tell us how much they.. Huffington Post
Al Jazeera America, the U.S. wing of the Qatar-based Arab media company, is shutting down operations in its cable television unit within three months
Launched in 2013, the channel was billed as a.. Mashable