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When I was in highschool were required to take one semester of bodily ed and that was it. I don’t see why we could not apply that at all colleges.
Recently upgraded with state-of-the-artwork Technogym tools, we offer devoted coaching areas, thrilling new boutique lessons and versatile tools for all health levels. So whether or not you’re new to train or coaching for one thing specific, our Technogym transformation will permit you to obtain a lot more in the gym.
QE Gym is but a small part of that, nonetheless as we proceed to grow, our members know they’re a part of one thing special. From the fully qualified and experienced instructors available, to the non-public consideration program system we’ve put in, all in an enviroment that’s non-threatening, pleasant and calm. Where, as a member you might be handled as a person.
We have mechanically positioned memberships with anybody 65 years of age or older on a 90-day freeze status, in order that these individuals won’t be billed presently. Many local authorities even have out of doors gyms, which include the identical type of apparatus you’d discover at an indoor gym, in addition to basketball hoops, tennis courts and football pitches that you need to use freed from cost.
The researchers interviewed 204 gym members and 201 folks without memberships about their bodily exercise. Medical Exercise courses and extra GroupEx courses will resume beginning on the first of July. For extra information relating to Medical Exercise please and for more information regarding the additional GroupEx classes please check with our web site,, or by downloading our app. Unlike many health centers that only supply primary gym facilities, we provide personal trainingand bodily remedy. Our family-pleasant facility also provides youngster care and a spread of activities for members of all ages.
Health clubs in North America provide numerous amenities and providers with totally different value points for various ranges of services. Some companies have differently-priced ranges or tiers, such as common, pro, platinum and gold amenities or packages.
The Health Connection Project enabled the development of the Health Connection Gym, which offers several exercise courses to group members of all ages and match ranges. At least a hundred and fifty minutes every week of reasonable aerobic activity or seventy five minutes per week of vigorous aerobic activity, or a combination of reasonable and vigorous exercise. The pointers counsel that you just unfold this train all through the week.
Most 2010-era health golf equipment provide group train classes that are carried out by certified health instructors or trainers. Health clubs with swimming swimming pools typically supply aqua aerobics courses. The instructors typically should achieve certification in order to teach these lessons and ensure participant safety. I don’t feel the state should require kids to take electives at all (artwork, gym, and so forth). However, on the flipside of the coin, plenty of youngsters are overweight and school is the one exercise they’re going to get.
Designed particularly to help convey ease to your everyday actions, the music will get you transferring, and the friends will keep you coming again. One of the most popular and effective ways to burn fats and construct cardiovascular endurance. Includes coronary heart-pumping cardio work combined with strength & toning for an entire full physique exercise. Any information offered on this Website is for informational purposes solely. It isn’t medical recommendation and shouldn’t be substituted for normal consultation with your health care provider.

domain: health


text:
Quality control monitoring, bin picking and automation, material handling is expected to drive the market for 3d time-of-flight image sensor market. However, Different lighting unit design and depth imaging technologies are restricting the market growth.
3D time of flight image sensor tools, products and development kits facilitates the next generation of the machine vision with the actual 3D imaging depth camera. Starting from the robotic navigation to the building automation and gesture recognition, 3D time of flight chipsets does allow maximum flexibility to customize every facet of the camera’s design. The growth of 3d time-of-flight image sensor market is highly reliant on the growth of overall machine vision and industrial automation market globally.
Based on products, the Quarter Video Graphics Array (QVGA) Time-Of-Flight (TOF) Image Sensor segment is estimated to have a lucrative growth due to the range imaging time-of-flight cameras and highly advanced lidar.
Based on Geography, European region is expected to maintain its dominance in the market during the forecast period owing to the presence of huge number of image sensor manufacturers in countries like Germany, Switzerland among others. Growing demand of 3d time-of-flight image sensor for consumer electronics, automobile and industrial automation & machine vision technology is driving the market of European region.
Some of the key players profiled in the 3D Time-Of-Flight Image Sensor market include Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, PMD Technologies, Infineon, PrimeSense (Apple), MESA (Heptagon), Melexis, ifm Electronic, Canesta (Microsoft), Espros Photonics and TriDiCam.
Visit for More Information, click here

domain: geography


text:
I went through and entered all the units for TRO 3145. I also extracted/named the images from the RS 3075 update, as well as XTRO 1945. So I've actually done some BT work for a change!
I started digging in to redo my code that creates BF/QS data. My version I think was far superior to the published version, as I had a computer doing things like "best case" calculations at every range band, giving stats more in line with the regular game. However it wasn't very modular. I'll be redoing it totally, but after perusing the BT forums that I am still banned from, it looks like they'll be doing some updates to the way stuff is calculated. So, I'll be delaying any work on it until that is done.
I'm also thinking of a BF/QS play aid for phones/tablets. It'll be a website, not an app, so it'll work with everything. It'll be very similar to the Ogre War Room app out there, but have QS/BF data instead.
I also started tinkering with making a mech game. There would be 2 scales at first. There would be a tactical scale, where each counter is 1 mech/tank/platoon, and a strategic scale where each counter is from a company to a battalion. They would be separate combat systems, but I will try to make them work together. All the data needed for play will fit on a business card. I initially tried to make it a 5/8" counter, but I wanted a bit more uniqueness than those counters could hold. I can release little business card sets for various divisions or special units, and you can use the same counters that come with the standard game. I will use BT for inspiration, but the game will play a bit more like QS. I'll do an impulse system for movement, as the you-go-i-go system has some major flaws, and this will speed up movement as you only ever move a hex or two at a time. I will have sensor rules, that will be extended quite a bit from the AEP/ECM rules in BT. I'll have more unique factions as well, and units will be unique between them. Anyway, still tinkering with the idea and base design. If I come up with something solid, I may kickstarter it or just find an on-demand publisher.
If what I'm currently working on for Star Fleet Battles/Federation & Empire falls through, I'll get back on the Battletech bandwagon. I've learned a lot doing it, and could knock out a QS computer version pretty quickly now.

domain: game


text:
Phantoms head coach Ian Laperriere, who is running Rookie Camp sessions, is focusing on the details on the ice, the Flyers first captain in franchise history passes away, the NHL announces its national TV schedule and more in Flyers notes.
After a busy offseason, is there still a chance for young players to make their impact on the Flyers roster this season? The possibility exists for sure. It always does. The road to get there is just going to be much more difficult this time around.
A year ago, Lindblom was a finalist for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, an award presented to a player who best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship and dedication to hockey. In 2021, Lindblom takes home the hardware, officially winning the award in an announcement made on Tu…
As Flyers management – head coach Alain Vigneault and GM Chuck Fletcher and chairman Dave Scott – met the media on Tuesday, the trio rested on excuses for most of their comments, sounding more optimistic in hopes of a normal season than the work that may need to be done to a roster fil…
The transition to playing left wing will be a work in progress for Sam Morin, who is trying his best to learn on the fly. He continues to watch film of Matt Martin, and took some advice from Danny Briere during practice as well as talking to other teammates about the position as well.
During the first period of a three-period scrimmage on Tuesday, goalie Carter Hart left the ice and did not return. He was scheduled to speak to the media following the scrimmage, but was pulled from the availability list, indicating a potential injury.
From the beginning, Alain Vigneault brought in an authority and leadership that was lacking in the Flyers locker room. That leadership and guidance has given Vigneault a strong case for a Jack Adams Award nomination.

domain: news


text:
Punjab beckons anew a rich mix of visitors
By James Brewer
Alexander the Great took his conquering armies as far as what is now Punjab, in an invasion that changed the fate of India as a whole.
His ruthless foray into the region finds echoes to this day. One website poses the question: are the Punjabi people descendants of a mix between Indians and Greeks?
Whatever the answer to that may be, Punjab in the 21st century is keen to attract many thousands more (peaceful) visitors from Europe.
Punjab Heritage & Tourism Promotion Board is directing this endeavour, and among other initiatives the board’s senior project manager Alka Kapoor led a presence at the World Travel Market in London in November 2018.
Alexander’s troops crossed the Indus to defeat King Porus in 326 BC at the Battle of the River Hydaspes. His last great battle took the Macedonian Empire to its greatest extent.
Impressed by the bravery of Porus, Alexander made him an ally and added new territory to the domain of the defeated ruler. Joined by Porus with his elephants and 5,000 local fighters, Alexander laid siege to and sacked the city of Sagala, present-day Sialkot in northeast Pakistan.
Alexander founded two cities on opposite sides of the Hydaspes river, naming one Bucephala, in honour of his horse, and the other Alexandria Nicaea (to celebrate his victory) which is long thought to be the site of modern-day town of Mong. On the Hydaspes he built a fleet of 800 to 1,000 ships, so that some of his forces could return west by river and the Persian Gulf.
This was the furthest point of his empire that comprised millions of subjects and stretched across three continents from Greece to the Danube, to Egypt and to the Punjab, united as far as possible by Greek language and culture. What is said to be the last point of Alexander’s entry in India is at Gurdaspur, where he is believed to have fought one of his many battles.
Alexander came, saw and conquered but would die in Babylon of fever in his way home in June 323 BC. The instability that ensued resulted in a power struggle in which Porus was assassinated by a Macedonian general, giving way to the Indian Maurya Empire from 305 BC. Menander (reigning from about 160 to 135 BC) conquered the Punjab and huge territories beyond, to establish a great Indo- Greek kingdom, retaining Sagala as his capital.
Ms Kapoor handed us her business card, with a photo on its reverse of a typically fine piece of 19th century architecture, Durbar Hall at Kapurthala. The stately hall, completed in 1889 in the Indo-Saracenic style, stands at the heart of a city founded in the 11th century by Rana Kapur of Jaisalmer, after whom it was named. It was at one time the court of its founder, Maharaja Jagatjit Singh, and today is the district courts complex. Jagatjit Singh, who inherited his throne in 1877 and ruled the state for 71 years, is considered the architect of modern Kapurthala.
In London, Ms Kapoor and her colleagues were meeting tour operators and distributing a 146-page handbook describing a multitude of places of interest – of pilgrimage, cultural heritage and natural heritage – in Punjab. The cover of the guide featured a picture of the mausoleums at Nakodar, 34 km from the city of Jalandhar. The mausoleums commemorate Ustad and Shagird (meaning teacher and student). Ustad Mohammed Momin was a tambura player for one of the minister-poets in the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar.
Unsurprisingly, the guide begins its list of itineraries with Amritsar, cradle of the history of Sikhism. The Harmandir Sahib Complex (Golden Temple) one of the most revered sites anywhere, and the most sacred of Sikh shrines, draws devotees from around the world, and is an increasingly popular tourist attraction. Construction of the Amrit Sarovar (the name is derived from the words ‘pool of nectar’ describing the man-made water tank surrounding the shrine) was initiated by Guru Amar Das, the third Guru, in 1570 and was completed by Guru Ram Das, the fourth Guru.
The Harimandar Sahib, or Darbar Sahib as it is also known, needed substantial restoration following its sack by the 18th century Afghan invader, Ahmad Shah Abdali. Maharaja Ranjit Singh oversaw the gilding of the shrine in the early 19th century.
In line with Sikhism’s basic tenet of universal brotherhood, the Golden Temple can be accessed from all directions. The official guide says that the main entrance is through an imposing clock tower, which also houses the Central Sikh Museum, and “provides a stunning view of the shrine and its reflection in the Amrit Sarovar. Another entrance is through the magnificent silver doors of the beautifully embellished Darshani Deori.
“It leads onto the causeway that connects the sanctum sanctorum with the Parikrama, the marbled surface surrounding the Sarovar. The lower facade of the Golden Temple is clad in marble, inlaid with precious and semi-precious coloured stones, using the pietra dura technique to create motifs. Within, the Guru Granth Sahib [Sikh scripture] is enshrined on the ground floor, in a room embellished with splendid frescoes.”
Close to the Darshani Deori lies the Beri Baba Buddha, another revered site. Baba Buddha lived for 120 years and served five Gurus during his lifetime, overseeing construction work at the Amrit Sarovar. Part of the complex is the seat of the Sikh temporal authority, the Akal Takht, the foundation of which was laid in 1606 by Guru Hargobind, who felt that the Sikh faith required a martial tenor.
Much rebuilding was needed following destruction in June 1984, in Operation Blue Star, the biggest internal security mission ever undertaken by the Indian Army. Prime minister Indira Gandhi ordered the assault to remove Sikh militants who were accumulating weapons in support of the Khalistan movement for an independent Sikh state.
The word “Punjab” is derived from the Persian for five waters. These are the five rivers – Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej – which flow through the vast plains. Historically, Punjab has been the stamping ground of ethnic groups including Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Afghans and Mongols, and the Punjabi language originates in the Indo-European linguistic family.
Undivided Punjab was the cradle of the Indus Valley civilisation, the remains of which can be seen at the Ropar archaeological site and its dedicated museum. It is believed that the Sanskrit epic Ramayana was written there by Valmiki ji.
Milestones were the migration of Aryans to Punjab between 516 BC and 321 AD, immediately followed by Alexander’s invasion. The Muslims ruled till around 1300 AD and then came the rise of the Sikhs from 1700 AD to 1849 AD.
Of the 1.5m men who set sail from India to fight in World War I, most were from Punjab. London-based author and historian Zareer Masani says this was “the largest volunteer army in human history.” In a letter to The Times in November 2018, Dr Masani said that the Indian troops in the two world wars were not reluctant conscripts but eager volunteers for whom military service was an honourable profession. “Their pay did much to enrich rural Punjab and make it the bread basket of British India.”
Although now referred to as unsung heroes, they were not forgotten in the years after the war, another author wrote to The Times. “Villages across north India and Pakistan are dotted with white stone memorials giving the number of Indians who went to the war and the number who returned. The Indians were also remembered around France and Flanders,” said Shrabani Basu, the London-based author of books including For King and Another Country. Indian Soldiers on the Western Front 1914-18.
Punjab Heritage & Tourism Promotion Board says that the many festivals mirror the farming ethos. Bhangra, the traditional dance of Punjab which has achieved popularity worldwide, originates from harvest celebrations.
Another great Sikh festival is Hola Mohalla, which takes place on the second day of the lunar month of Chett, a day after the Hindu spring festival Holi but sometimes coinciding with Holi. This is a big occasion for Sikhs around the world.
The partition of India to create Pakistan in 1947 was sorely felt with deadly riots in Punjab, which was split between the two nations – Punjabis like to say “divided only in body and not in soul”.
The Indian entity of Punjab has been left as one of the smaller albeit more prosperous states of the nation. At 50,362 sq km, it is flanked by Pakistan to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast and Haryana and Rajasthan to the south.
Climate has been a significant factor in shaping the economy of the primarily agricultural state, which helps underpin the food security of the Indian Republic. Farming depends heavily on the rains, which fall mainly from early July to the end of September. In addition to the many city attractions, the state hopes to lure visitors to farm stays.
“Punjab, the land of people with golden hearts, lush fields and free flowing rivers, with its rich history, green surroundings and diverse culture, has everything to keep tourists from across the world enthralled,” enthuses one of the brochures of the tourism board. Extensive details on the state are at www.punjabtourism.gov.in

domain: history


text:
This article originally appeared on Climbing
This feature is free for 48 hours, from Tuesday, April 19, 8:00 a.m. Mountain Time until Thursday, April 21, 8:00 a.m. It was first published in the 2022 print issue of Ascent, where it appears under the title "The Art of Climbing."
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The climber and artist Ali Mulroy (@ART_OF_CLIMBING_) graduated from the University of Westminster in London in 2005 with a bachelor's of art in illustration. For the past 13 years, she's specialized in fine-art portraiture, working primarily in oils, and has exhibited with several galleries throughout London. In 2006, Mulroy won the Winsor and Newton Young Artist of the Year, awarded by the Society of Women Artists. She's since become a committee member of the same society.
A few years after graduating, Mulroy was delivering a painting of hers to a warehouse to enter in a competition. Serendipitously, she went into the wrong building, and instead found herself in a climbing gym. "The wall was so chilled out, the staff was friendly, there were loads of people sitting around listening to music, going outside for a smoke--it felt like art school!" she says. Mulroy returned the next day, and has been climbing regularly ever since.
The sport soon became a source of inspiration for Mulroy. "By the time I'd started climbing, I'd been a professional artist for many years," she says. "I forgot the hours of learning, the micro-adjustments, the endless flow of analysis that goes into art. I was almost on autopilot." Climbing reminded her to be more present in the process, and to be unafraid of experimentation. "Climbing is pretty much the art of learning from your mistakes," she says.
Missing the immediacy of drawing and illustration from her earlier years, Mulroy wanted to try something new to reignite her creativity. Basing a side project on her other passion seemed like a natural course of action, and, in 2019, The Art of Climbing was born. "I find creating these works so enjoyable--this project awards such freedom for expression," she says. "I hope--and on a good day, I can see--that this project is helping me grow as an artist. I definitely feel far more confident and energized within the creative process."
Via pen, pencil, paint, ink, paper, and wood, Mulroy's multimedia exhibition captures the soul of our sport. --Delaney Miller
For exclusive access to all of our fitness, gear, adventure, and travel stories, plus discounts on trips, events, and gear, sign up for Outside+ today.

domain: artistic


GMC Redesigns Diesel Power Plant for 2017 Sierra HD
September 30, 2016
*See additional images by clicking the photo gallery below
GMC is showcasing its redesigned Duramax 6.6-liter V8 turbo diesel offered on the 2017 Sierra HD. This next-generation redesign offers more horsepower and torque than ever: an SAE-certified 445 horsepower and net 910 lb-ft of torque.
Along with a 19-percent increase in max torque over the current Duramax 6.6-liter, the redesigned turbo-diesel’s performance is quieter and smoother, for greater refinement. In fact, engine noise at idle is reduced 38 percent, according to GMC.
“With nearly 2-million sold over the past 15 years, customers have forged a bond with the Duramax diesel based on trust and capability,” said Dan Nicholson, vice president of global propulsion systems for GMC. “The new Duramax takes those traits to higher levels.”
The new Duramax 6.6L shares essentially only the bore and stroke dimensions of the current engine and incorporates a new, GM-developed control system. The Duramax’s signature low-rpm torque production hasn’t changed and still offers 90 percent of peak torque at a low 1,550 rpm and sustains it through 2,850 rpm.
Additional highlights, according to GMC, include:
- New, stronger cylinder block and cylinder heads
- New, stronger rotating and reciprocating assembly
- Increased oil- and coolant-flow capacity
- New EGR system with single cooler and integrated bypass
- New electrically actuated/electronically controlled turbocharging system
- New advanced solenoid fuel system
- New electronic controls
- New full-length damped steel oil pan that contributes to quietness
- New rocker cover/fuel system acoustical treatments
- B20 bio-diesel compatibility
- SAE-certified 445 net horsepower at 2,800 rpm
- SAE-certified 910 net lb.-ft. of torque at 1,600 rpm
- A new, patent-pending vehicle air intake system-distinguished on the Sierra HD by a bold hood scoop-drives cool, dry air into the engine for sustained performance and cooler engine temperatures during difficult conditions such as trailering on steep grades. Cooler air helps the engine run better under load, especially in conditions where engine and transmission temperatures can rise quickly. That allows the Duramax to maintain more power and vehicle speed when trailering in the toughest conditions.
As with previous versions, the new Duramax block features a strong cast-iron foundation known for its durability, with induction-hardened cylinder walls and five nodular iron main bearings, according to GMC. It retains the same 4.05-inch and 3.89-inch bore and stroke dimensions as the current engine, retaining the Duramax’s familiar 6.6-liter, (403 cu.-in./6,599 cc) displacement.
A deep-skirt design and four-bolt, cross-bolted main caps help ensure the block’s strength and enable more accurate location of the rotating assembly. A die-cast aluminum lower crankcase also strengthens the engine block and serves as the lower engine cover, while reducing its overall weight.
The new engine block incorporates larger-diameter crankshaft connecting rod journals than the current engine, enabling the placement of a stronger crankshaft and increased bearing area to handle higher cylinder loads.
An enhanced oiling circuit, with higher flow capacity and a dedicated feed for the turbocharger, provides increased pressure at the turbo and faster oil delivery. Larger piston-cooling oil jets at the bottom of the cylinder bores spray up to twice the amount of engine oil into oil galleries under the crown of the pistons, contributing to lower engine temperature and greater durability, according to GMC.
A new, two-piece oil pan contributes to the new Duramax’s quieter operation. It consists of a laminated steel oil pan with an upper aluminum section. The aluminum section provides strength-enhancing rigidity for the engine, but a pan made entirely of aluminum would radiate more noise, so the laminated steel lower section is added to dampen noise and vibration.
There’s also an integrated oil cooler with 50-percent greater capacity than the current engine’s, ensuring more consistent temperatures at higher engine loads, according to GMC.
GMC said it claims several segment first with the remade engine, including:
- Re-melt piston bowl rim
- Venturi Jet Drain Oil Separator
- Closed loop glow plug temperature control
- Stronger pistons with remelt
A tough, forged micro-alloy steel crankshaft anchors the new Duramax’s stronger rotating assembly. Cut-then-rolled journal fillets contribute to its durability by strengthening the junction where the journals-the round sections on which the bearings slide-meet the webs that separate the main and rod journals.
The connecting rods are stronger, too, and incorporate a new 45-degree split-angle design to allow the larger-diameter rod bearings to pass through the cylinder bores during engine assembly. They’re forged and sintered with a durable powdered metal alloy, with a fractured-cap design enabling more precise cap-to-rod fitment.
A new, stronger cast aluminum piston design tops off the rotating assembly. It features a taller crown area and a remelted combustion bowl rim for greater strength. Remelting is an additional manufacturing process for aluminum pistons in which the bowl rim area is reheated after casting and pre-machining, creating a much finer and more consistent metal grain structure that greatly enhances thermal fatigue properties, according to GMC.
Additionally, the Duramax’s pistons don’t use pin bushings, reducing reciprocating weight to help the engine rev quicker and respond faster to throttle changes
Lightweight Cylinder Heads
The redesigned engine retains the Duramax’s signature aluminum cylinder head design, with six head bolts per cylinder and four valves per cylinder. The aluminum construction helps reduce the engine’s overall weight, while the six-bolt design provides exceptional head-clamping strength, a must in a high-compression, turbocharged application, according to GMC.
A new aluminum head casting uses a new double-layer water core design that separates and arranges water cores in layers to create a stiffer head structure with more precise coolant flow control. The heads’ airflow passages are also heavily revised to enhance airflow, contributing to the engine’s increased horsepower and torque.
The Duramax employs a common-rail direct injection fuel system with new high-capability solenoid-type injectors. High fuel pressure of 29,000 psi promotes excellent fuel atomization for a cleaner burn that promotes reduced particulate emissions, according to GMC. The new injectors also support up to seven fuel delivery events per combustion event, contributing to lower noise, greater efficiency, and lower emissions. Technology advancements enable less-complex solenoid injectors to deliver comparable performance to piezo-type injectors.
Electronically Controlled, Variable-Vane Turbocharger
A new electronically controlled, variable-vane turbocharger advances the Duramax’s legacy of variable-geometry boosting. Compared to the current engine, the system produces higher maximum boost pressure, 28 psi, to help the engine make more power, and revisions to enhance the capability of the exhaust-brake system.
Along with a new camshaft profile and improved cylinder head design, the Duramax’s new variable-vane turbocharger enables the engine to deliver more power with lower exhaust emissions. It uses a more advanced variable vane mechanism, allowing a 104-degree F (40 C) increase in exhaust temperature capability. The self-contained mechanism decouples movement from the turbine housing, allowing operation at higher temperature. That enables the engine to achieve higher power at lower cylinder pressure. Additionally, it has lower internal leakage, allowing more exhaust energy to be captured during exhaust braking.
The integrated exhaust brake system makes trailering less stressful by creating additional backpressure in the exhaust, resulting in negative torque during deceleration and downhill driving, enhancing driver control and prolonging brake pad life, according to GMC.
Venturi Jet Drain Oil Separator
A new V employed with the Duramax 6.6-liter is the first of its type in the segment and is designed to ensure oil control in sustained full-load operation, according to GMC. The totally sealed system collects the fine mist of oil entrained in the blow-by gas and uses a small portion of the boosted air generated by the turbocharger to pump the collected oil back to the engine oil sump for re-use by the engine. Less-sophisticated systems are not able to return this oil during full-load operation, which can result in oil carryover into the cylinders during combustion.
Cold Start System
The new Duramax also provides outstanding cold-weather performance, with microprocessor-controlled glow plugs capable of gas-engine-like starting performance in fewer than 3 seconds in temperatures as low as -20 degrees F, without a block heater, according to GMC.
The system is enhanced with ceramic glow plugs and automatic temperature compensation-a first-in-class feature providing improved robustness and capability, according to GMC. The automatic temperature compensation assesses and adjusts the current to each glow plug for every use, providing optimal temperature for cold start performance and durability.
Electronic Throttle Valve and Cooled EGR
Unlike a gasoline engine, a diesel engine doesn’t necessarily require a throttle control system. The Duramax 6.6-liter employs an electronic throttle valve to regulate intake manifold pressure in order to increase exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. It also contributes to smoother engine shutdown, according to GMC.
Additionally, a cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system enhances performance and helps reduce emissions by diverting some of the engine-out exhaust gas and mixing it back into the fresh intake air stream, which is fed through the cylinder head for combustion. This lowers combustion temperatures, improving emissions performance by reducing NOx formation, according to GMC.
The exhaust is cooled in a unique heat exchanger before it’s fed into the intake stream through a patented EGR mixing device, further improving emissions and performance capability. An integrated bypass allows non-cooled exhaust gas to be fed back into the system to help the engine more quickly achieve optimal operating temperature when cold.
Allison 1000 Automatic Transmission
The Allison 1000 six-speed automatic transmission is matched with the new Duramax 6.6-liter. A number of refinements have been made to accommodate the engine’s higher torque capacity, including a new torque converter, according to GMC.
The Allison 1000’s technologically advanced control features, such as driver shift control with manual shift feature and a patented elevated idle mode cab warm-up feature, haven’t changed. Also, the Tow/Haul mode reduces shift cycling for better control and improved cooling when towing or hauling heavy loads, according to GMC. There’s also a smart diesel exhaust brake feature that enhances control when descending steep grades.
B20 Biodiesel Capability
The new Duramax 6.6L is capable of running on B20 biodiesel, a fuel composed of 20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent conventional diesel. B20 helps lower carbon dioxide emissions and lessens dependence on petroleum, according to GMC.
The new Duramax 6.6-liter turbo-diesel engine is produced with locally and globally sourced parts at the DMAX (GM’s joint venture with Isuzu) manufacturing facility in Moraine, Ohio.
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Members of Congress Urge EPA and NHTSA for Longer Comment Period on Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions Report
Several congressional committee leaders today sent a letter to EPA…READ MORE
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King Engine Bearings recently received its fourth consecutive Supplier Quality award from…READ MORE
World-renowned race engine company, Ilmor Engineering, won its 300th Indy…READ MORE
ITS America's Best of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Awards competition…READ MORE
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High school students from the east and west coasts competed…READ MORE
Motor State Distributing announces the addition of Proforged Chassis Parts…READ MORE
U.S. Rep. Richard Hudson (R-North Carolina) last week questioned EPA…READ MORE
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The Wankel rotary engine is a wonderfully visceral thing. It…READ MORE
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2023飞艇开奖官方开奖直播-幸运168飞艇开奖官网查询结果记录 ATCA Technical SymposiumThis year’s ATCA Technical Symposium is all about how we innovate and implement. From the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center’s Tech Tuesday to the Symposium stage at Resorts, we have developed a compelling and holistic agenda tackling the biggest technical challenges and opportunities of the day.
ATCA Scholarship Applications Now Open
ATCA's scholarship application is now open. ATCA offers four scholarships each year to aviation students and children of air traffic controllers.
Airspace Integration CongressAirspace Integration Congress is the only global event dedicated to discussing all aspects of airspace integration.
ATCA GlobalATCA Global is recognized as the world’s largest aviation event to focus on Airspace Integration.
ATCA has ambitious goals in 2023 and beyond, and we’re excited to offer you, our members, the ability to participate in the many professional development opportunities we have planned.
168飞艇视频开奖官网查询结果-2023新版飞艇官方开奖直播 ATCA Membership Working for You
168极速赛车开奖直播-极速赛车开奖官网开奖记录一分钟 Not an ATCA Member?
ATCA members take the lead in the ever-evolving development of solutions for global air traffic management. Your access to ATCA committees, publications and meetings increase your awareness of today's aviation environment and current work towards improving ATC safety, efficiency and capacity.


Death Cab for Cutie
All the concerts from Death Cab for Cutie
Follow this artist and we’ll let you know when they have concerts.
Death Cab For Cutie is a popular indie rock band that was formed in 1997 out of Bellingham, Washington. The band is comprised of 4 members lead by the soulful voice of Ben Gibbard, who also plays piano and guitar, Chris Walla on guitar and keyboards, Jason McGerr on drums, and Nick Harmer on bass. From their first lp in 1998 named Something About Airplanes to their latest album Codes and Keyes, Death Cab For Cutie creates beautifully haunting music that truly touches the soul. Death Cab For Cutie not only rocks in the studio, but they put on a truly stellar concert as can be seen by fans on their current tour that celebrates their newest cd. Death Cab For Cutie not only plays shows of their own, but they are a favorite on the indie festival circuit as they will display when they play the Perth International Arts Festival on February 17th and 18th in Perth, WA. If you have never heard of this innovative indie rock band, here is their newest music video entitled, You Are A Tourist. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkk5wViJo-I


Reaction to this week's political shocks, why many conservatives are choosing to double down on Trump critics, and then, a conversation on the growing dis-union in America.
In his State of the Union address, President Bush called for more than $500 million in spending on job training and education initiatives. A panel describes the programs and how they would affect today’s unemployed workers.
- Ron Bird Chief economist at the Employment Policy Foundation
- Jared Bernstein Chief Economist and Economic Policy Adviser for Vice President Biden and Executive Director of the Vice President's Middle Class Task Force.
Most Recent Shows
Political fallout from the dismissal of FBI director James Comey, how our government created racially segregated cities, and a young Palestinian's perspective on Mideast peace.
Washington Post reporter Dan Balz on covering President Trump and linguist Deborah Tannen on how women support each other with the words they use.
American University history professor Allan Lichtman describes how and why President Donald Trump could be impeached, and then, Pulitzer Prize winning writer Elizabeth Strout on her new book, "Anything is Possible".


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Letters, modern communication, and the epistolary novel
Benefits of writing critiques and how to solicit them
Random list of lessons learned during 2 years of blogging
Nuggets about writing mined from a writers’ festival
Sharing of love of literature with one’s community – a Little Free Library tour in Winnipeg, Manitoba
What kind of working space does a writer need?
Productive ways for a writer to pass time in an airport
Is adverb phobia justified?
How much of a character’s physical appearance should be explicitly described in a story?

domain: library


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The Bonnie Top is what we got when we combined the Balbina Top and the Rikkilynn Top. This top features a triangle cup with contrasting mesh trim and center front detailing and back tie details. This is one top you will be wearing for years to come.
- Nylon/Spandex blend
- Designed in CA. Made in Brooklyn
- Hand wash separately and dry with care
- Model is wearing a Small
- We're excited to offer free shipping on all U.S. orders.

domain: design


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May 14, 2013 at 13:24 | Source: Moneycontrol.com
May 10, 2013 at 16:56 | Source: Business Wire India
Attano has launched a series of offerings that addresses this gap: for parents with young children (two-nine years old). Curated by a select panel of teachers and educationists, the eBook packs are designed to provide hours of fun, help children develop holistically, and focus on their learning needs for the coming school year(s).
May 08, 2013 at 12:29 | Source: CNBC-TV18
Apr 28, 2013 at 08:32 | Source: Reuters
Apr 27, 2013 at 15:55 | Source: CNBC-TV18
Apr 27, 2013 at 15:05 | Source: CNBC-TV18
News across the web »
Washington, May 24: A South Asian rights group has expressed serious concerns over certain provisions of the comprehensive immigration reform bill that will pave a pathway to citizenship to some 11 m...
May 24, 2013 at 14:01 | Source: The Hindu BusinessLine
Islamabad, May 23: A second child has contracted polio in a restive Pakistani tribal region near the Afghan border after the Taliban banned vaccinations there nearly a year ago, a UN official said to...
May 24, 2013 at 12:20 | Source: The Hindu BusinessLine
Patriotism is not secularism Apropos of Modi thinks people will forgive his mistakes , it was amusing to read the Gujarat strongman dishing out his India First concept of secularism in his address to...
May 24, 2013 at 09:26 | Source: DNA India
Children are developing permissive attitudes to sex and are viewing women as objects after being raised on a diet of pornography , a major British study has found. For the first time, the Children s ...
May 24, 2013 at 09:15 | Source: DNA India
by Paulo Prada/ReutersRio De Janerio: Drug traffickers in Rio de Janeiro ordered shops closed in one of its biggest slums early on Thursday, defying efforts to restore order to the city's vast shantyt...
May 24, 2013 at 08:39 | Source: FirstPost
Interact & exchange stock tips & market info »
about 3 hrs 16 min 25 sec ago
about 5 hrs 7 min 1 sec ago


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NEW YORK, May 21, 2021 /PRNewswire/ —
Technavio has been monitoring the automotive camera-based side mirrors market and it is poised to grow by USD 69.68 million during 2021-2025, progressing at a CAGR of about 83% during the forecast period. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment.
Frequently Asked Questions:
- Based on segmentation by application, which is the leading segment in the market?
Based on the application, the market saw maximum growth in the passenger cars segment in 2020.
- What are the major trends in the market?
Increased focus of OEMs on the development of autonomous vehicles is the major trend in the market.
- At what rate is the market projected to grow?
The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of about 83% during the forecast period.
- Who are the top players in the market?
BMW Group, Continental AG, Gentex Corp., Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Hyundai Mobis Co. Ltd., Kappa optronics GmbH, Kyocera Corp., Magna International Inc., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., and Motherson Sumi Systems Ltd. are the top players in the market.
- What are the key market drivers and challenges?
The market is driven by the growing uptake of automotive electronics. However, government regulations regarding automotive mirrors might challenge growth.
- How big is the Americas market?
North America dominated the market with a 41% share in 2020.
Related Reports on Consumer Discretionary Include:
Global Automotive Mirror System Market – Global automotive mirror system market is segmented by position (exterior and interior) and geography (APAC, Europe, North America, South America, and MEA).
Global Automotive Backup Camera Market – Global automotive backup camera market is segmented by application (passenger car and commercial vehicle) and geography (North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and MEA).
Buy 1 Technavio report and get the second for 50% off. Buy 2 Technavio reports and get the third for free.
The market is fragmented, and the degree of fragmentation will accelerate during the forecast period. BMW Group, Continental AG, Gentex Corp., Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Hyundai Mobis Co. Ltd., Kappa optronics GmbH, Kyocera Corp., Magna International Inc., Mitsubishi Electric Corp., and Motherson Sumi Systems Ltd. are some of the major market participants. Although the growing uptake of automotive electronics will offer immense growth opportunities, government regulations regarding automotive mirrors are likely to pose a challenge for the market vendors. In a bid to help players strengthen their market foothold, this automotive camera-based side mirrors market forecast report provides a detailed analysis of the leading market vendors. The report also empowers industry honchos with information on the competitive landscape and insights into the different product offerings offered by various companies.
Technavio’s custom research reports offer detailed insights on the impact of COVID-19 at an industry level, a regional level, and subsequent supply chain operations. This customized report will also help clients keep up with new product launches in direct & indirect COVID-19 related markets, upcoming vaccines and pipeline analysis, and significant developments in vendor operations and government regulations.
Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market 2021-2025: Segmentation
Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market is segmented as below:
- Passenger Cars
- Commercial Vehicles
To learn more about the global trends impacting the future of market research, download a free sample: https://www.technavio.com/talk-to-us?report=IRTNTR44050
Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market 2021-2025: Scope
Technavio presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. The automotive camera-based side mirrors market report covers the following areas:
- Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market Size
- Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market Trends
- Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market Industry Analysis
This study identifies the increased focus of OEMs on the development of autonomous vehicles as one of the prime trends driving the Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market growth during the next few years.
Technavio suggests three forecast scenarios (optimistic, probable, and pessimistic) considering the impact of COVID-19. Technavio’s in-depth research has direct and indirect COVID-19 impacted market research reports.
Register for a free trial today and gain instant access to 17,000+ market research reports.
Automotive Camera-based Side Mirrors Market 2021-2025: Key Highlights
- CAGR of the market during the forecast period 2021-2025
- Detailed information on factors that will assist automotive camera-based side mirrors market growth during the next five years
- Estimation of the automotive camera-based side mirrors market size and its contribution to the parent market
- Predictions on upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior
- The growth of the automotive camera-based side mirrors market across APAC, EMEA, and Americas
- Analysis of the market’s competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors
- Comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of automotive camera-based side mirrors market vendors
Table of Contents:
- Market ecosystem
- Value chain analysis
- Market definition
- Market segment analysis
- Market size 2020
- Market outlook: Forecast for 2020 – 2025
Five Forces Analysis
- Five forces summary
- Bargaining power of buyers
- Bargaining power of suppliers
- Threat of new entrants
- Threat of substitutes
- Threat of rivalry
- Market condition
Market Segmentation by Application
- Market segments
- Comparison by Application
- Passenger cars – Market size and forecast 2020-2025
- Commercial vehicles – Market size and forecast 2020-2025
- Market opportunity by Application
- Geographic segmentation
- Geographic comparison
- APAC – Market size and forecast 2020-2025
- EMEA – Market size and forecast 2020-2025
- Americas – Market size and forecast 2020-2025
- Key leading countries
- Market opportunity by geography
- Market drivers
- Market challenges
- Market trends
- Landscape disruption
- Vendors covered
- Market positioning of vendors
- BMW Group
- Continental AG
- Gentex Corp.
- Honda Motor Co. Ltd.
- Hyundai Mobis Co. Ltd.
- Kappa optronics GmbH
- Kyocera Corp.
- Magna International Inc.
- Mitsubishi Electric Corp.
- Motherson Sumi Systems Ltd.
- Scope of the report
- Currency conversion rates for US$
- Research methodology
- List of abbreviations
Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focuses on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio’s report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio’s comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.
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View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/83-cagr-growth-expected-in-automotive-camera-based-side-mirrors-market-during-2021-2025–technavio-301296640.html


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Enzo Catellani’s earth-friendly Eco-Logic Light
Leading the way with an innovative LED technology, design studio Catellani Smith & Design have come up with the most gorgeous looking eco-friendly lights that seek to create a greener future. With each lamps being characterized by a subtraction rather than the addition of those elements that usually mark articles for lighting, the Eco-Logic Light collection created by Enzo Catellani lend shape to the design philosophy of the studio one lamp at a time.
Using the enormous capacity of microscopic and powerful LED elements that reduce energy usage by a huge fraction as compared to regular incandescent bulbs, the Eco-Logic lamps create a charming and engaging play of light. The collection, which is all set to hit retail from October 2008 reduces household CO2 emissions considerably while retaining the poetic and aesthetic value of the charming lights of designer lamps.
Source: Designer Blog


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Famed rapper Snoop Dogg sat in his car listening to “Let it Go” from the Frozen soundtrack. He sat in silence for a moment as it the chorus kicked in.
He posted the video to his Instagram page and it has received over 233,000 likes so far.
His video is here, with a little message from him.
Snoop’s video of himself listening to Frozen’s “Let it Go” was shared over 233,000 times at the time of this article. The video caught the right eye of the right people and somehow the singer, Idina Menzel found it, and she responded.
Menzel’s response was a video she made of herself sitting in the car and listening to one of Snoop Dogg’s songs. The song was “Drop it like it’s Hot.”
Her video of Snoop Dogg’s song was not liked nearly as many times on Twitter, as his was on Instagram.
— Idina Menzel (@idinamenzel) May 14, 2020
Both artists have made comments about the situation with Americans being in lock-down situations. They shared a hopeful message that people sitting at home will be out soon.
However, there was no mention of a concert together, as some may have joked about on social media.
However, musicians across the world are participating in online events that people are welcome to join until live music returns to each city.


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With 24-hour emergency services available to your pet, we’re here whenever you need us. Certainly surgery, diagnostics, and treatment are required in the case of sudden illness or injury, but what about pet issues we cannot see? Disease prevention is a major component of veterinary care. From dental hygiene to maintaining a healthy weight, it’s critically important to keep up a proper defense against illness and disease.
This proactive approach also hinges on keeping up with pet vaccinations. We can help create a plan to keep your pet safe from problems that cannot be detected with the naked eye.
Many developing health issues can be detected at routine wellness exams. By monitoring and regulating any problems, we have a significant advantage by increasing the chance of noticing even slight changes in your pet’s health.
A physical exam gives us enormous insight into your pet’s state of wellness, but possibly the most helpful aspect is our discussion with you. We wouldn’t necessarily know about your pet’s behavioral patterns or subtle shifts in preferences otherwise. Together, we can determine your pet’s lifestyle, which we use for creating a detailed vaccination plan.
Every pet is unique and so is their vaccination plan. We take into consideration your pet’s age, breed, general health, physical environment, lifestyle, and the type/amount of exposure to other animals.
A Look at Pet Vaccinations
Vaccines provide the immune system with tools to fight off a disease. Because they contain trace amounts of the actual disease, vaccines trigger immune system reactions that enable protection from the disease if and when they’re exposed to that particular bacteria, virus, or parasite.
For maximum efficacy, some pet vaccinations require boosters. These boost the immunological response to possible invaders. We encourage all pet owners to keep up-to-date with pet vaccinations and boosters to reduce the chances of disease.
Best Possible Care
We’re committed to providing your pet with the best possible care. To that end, we always work with you to determine which vaccines are necessary for your pet’s optimal health and protection.
There are core and non-core pet vaccinations. Core vaccinations protect against diseases with high incidence and risk of exposure, increased severity, and the ability to infect humans. Non-core vaccines add an extra layer of protection for pets who spend a lot of time with other animals.
Generally speaking, the following pet vaccinations are a good place to start:
- Bordetella (kennel cough)
- FVRCP (feline respiratory diseases)
- Feline leukemia
- Feline aids
A Helping Hand
Keeping pet vaccinations current doesn’t just support a longer, healthier life – they’re mandatory. A proof of vaccination is required for pet licensing, travel, grooming services, and more. Rabies is just one disease that’s potentially fatal but also preventable with vaccinations.
Pet vaccinations should be administered as soon as possible, typically after a pet has finished weaning from a mother’s milk. It’s not uncommon for pets to experience some soreness, redness, or swelling at the sight of the vaccination. If lethargy, low-grade fever, coughing, and lack of appetite persist for longer than 24 hours after an immunization, we urge you to call us.
Our veterinarians and staff are always here for you and your pet!

domain: pet


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This week, the
Christian Fiction Blog Alliance
Bethany House (August 1, 2010)
This novel was amazing. I couldn't put it down, and while that sounds cliche, it's true. There have a handful of books that I have enjoyed that much lately, and this is one of the top 2. Historical romance at its finest - and not just romance, but the story of two young women's journeys to love, faith, and finding themselves and their place in life. And of course, that's never quite what it seems... I recommend with two eager thumbs up! =) Kudos, Nancy!
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Nancy Moser is the award-winning author of over twenty inspirational novels. Her genres include contemporary stories including John 3:16 and Time Lottery, and historical novels of real women-of-history including Just Jane(Jane Austen) and Washington's Lady (Martha Washington). Her newest historical novel is Masquerade. Nancy and her husband Mark live in the Midwest. She’s earned a degree in architecture, traveled extensively in Europe, and has performed in numerous theaters, symphonies, and choirs. She gives Sister Circle Seminars around the country, helping women identify their gifts as they celebrate their sisterhood. She is a fan of anything antique—humans included. Find out more athttp://www.nancymoser.com/ and http://www.sistercircles.com/.
ABOUT THE BOOK
They risk it all for adventure and romance, but find that love only flourishes in truth...
1886, New York City: Charlotte Gleason, a rich heiress from England, escapes a family crisis by traveling to America in order to marry the even wealthier Conrad Tremaine. She soon decides that an arranged marriage is not for her and persuades her maid, Dora, to take her place. She wants a chance at "real life," even if it means giving up financial security. For Charlotte, it's a risk she's willing to take.
What begins as the whim of a spoiled rich girl wanting adventure becomes a test of survival amid poverty beyond Charlotte's blackest nightmares.As for Dora, it's the chance of a lifetime. She lives a fairy tale complete with gowns, jewels, and lavish mansions--yet is tormented by guilt from the possibility of discovery and the presence of another love that will not die. Is this what her heart truly longs for?Will their masquerade be discovered? Will one of them have second thoughts? There is no guarantee the switch will work. It's a risk. It's the chance of a lifetime.
Purchase this novel yourself HERE!

domain: literature


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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français|
Conceived and designed the experiments: NS KS GT PE MG SB DW ZM. Performed the experiments: SR. Analyzed the data: NS KS CT DG ZD ZM. Wrote the paper: NS KS SB CT.
Breast cancer patients have different responses to chemotherapeutic treatments. Genes associated with drug response can provide insight to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance, identify promising therapeutic opportunities, and facilitate personalized treatment. Estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative breast cancer have distinct clinical behavior and molecular properties. However, to date, few studies have rigorously assessed drug response genes in them. In this study, our goal was to systematically identify genes associated with multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative breast cancer cell lines. We tested 27 human breast cell lines for response to seven chemotherapeutic agents (cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel). We integrated publicly available gene expression profiles of these cell lines with their in vitro drug response patterns, then applied meta-analysis to identify genes related to multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative cells separately. One hundred eighty-eight genes were identified as related to multidrug response in ER positive and 32 genes in ER negative breast cell lines. Of these, only three genes (DBI, TOP2A, and PMVK) were common to both cell types. TOP2A was positively associated with drug response, and DBI was negatively associated with drug response. Interestingly, PMVK was positively associated with drug response in ER positive cells and negatively in ER negative cells. Functional analysis showed that while cell cycle affects drug response in both ER positive and negative cells, most biological processes that are involved in drug response are distinct. A number of signaling pathways that are uniquely enriched in ER positive cells have complex cross talk with ER signaling, while in ER negative cells, enriched pathways are related to metabolic functions. Taken together, our analysis indicates that distinct mechanisms are involved in multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative breast cells.
Although a multitude of chemotherapeutic drugs have been widely used in various combinations to treat breast cancer patients, the response to chemotherapy treatment varies considerably among patients; even among patients who have identical histological type. Genomic research suggests that response to treatment is significantly related to intrinsic molecular characteristics of the tumor. Studying these genes has important biological significance and potential clinical utility. It may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug response, classifying patients to different groups, and identifying new potential therapeutic targets to facilitate drug development.
During the past several years, various microarray expression studies have identified genes whose expression is related to response to chemotherapeutic agents , , , , . However, most of these studies did not take into account the heterogeneity of breast cancer. It is increasingly recognized that breast cancer is a disease with distinct clinical behavior and molecular properties, in particular, estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative cancers are the two most distinct subtypes . ER negative cancers tend to be more sensitive to chemotherapy, but associated with poor clinical outcome . Due to the substantial molecular difference between ER positive and ER negative tumors, it is hypothesized that different genes are related to drug response in ER positive and ER negative cancer, a finding suggested by a meta-analysis of breast cancer patient tumor samples . However, to date, few studies have rigorously assessed drug response genes in ER negative and ER positive breast cancer. Since ER negative cells generally are more responsive than ER positive cells and ER status is a strong factor associated with drug response, genes identified from mixed breast tumors tend to be also related to ER status, and may be less informative after stratifying by ER subtype. A comprehensive analysis of identifying genes related to drug response in ER positive and ER negative has yet to be performed.
In the current analysis, we used human breast cancer cell lines to systematically identify genes whose expression is related to response to chemotherapeutic agents, especially multiple chemotherapeutic agents for ER positive and ER negative cells. The reason we focus on genes related to multidrug response is that multiple chemotherapeutic drugs have been widely used in various combinations in actual clinical treatment. Using cell lines rather than patient response data allowed us to control several variables. We used gene expression profiles measured by the same platform and a well-established chemoresponse assay to directly assess cell sensitivity to multiple drugs simultaneously, which is not possible to assess in patients. Owing to these advantages, cell lines have been extensively used to investigate mechanisms of drug response , , , . Currently, a vote counting approach has been widely used for the identification of genes associated with multidrug response , . In this two-step approach, the first step identifies differentially expressed (DE) genes for a specific drug, i.e., by integrating gene expression profiles and drug response patterns, genes whose expression is either positively or negatively associated with drug response are identified. The second step is to identify genes that are associated with the majority of tested drugs. While the two-step approach is simple and straight forward, it does not control false discovery rate. Moreover the two-step approach is not effective when it is difficult to detect DE genes in the first step. Several previous studies indicate that ER negative breast cancer is very homogeneous and a substantially large number of samples are needed to detect DE genes. To overcome these challenges, we adopted the r-th meta analysis method , a more powerful method and one that has been used in clinical studies, to identify multidrug response genes.
Specifically, taking advantage of 27 well-studied breast cell lines (11 ER positive and 16 ER negative) whose gene expressions are publicly available, we tested their sensitivity to 7 chemotherapy agents commonly used singly or in combination to treat breast cancer patients: cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel. We then used r-th meta-analysis and identified 188 genes related to multidrug response in ER positive cells, 32 genes in ER negative cells, and only 3 genes common to both cell types. Further functional analysis indicated that while cell cycle affects drug response in both ER positive and negative cells, most molecular mechanisms involved in multidrug response in ER positive cells are distinct from those in ER negative cells.
In this study, 27 breast cell lines (as shown in Table 1) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Detailed information on cell lines, including ER, PR, HER2, TP53, source, tumor type, age, and ethnicity is available . Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Mediatech, Herndon, VA, USA). FBS was purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). The following chemotherapeutic agents were used in the current study and prepared as recommended by the manufacturer in the growth media used for cell maintenance and treatment: preactivated cyclophosphamide (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide) (0.2 µM–13.6 µM), docetaxel (0.1 nM–25 nM), doxorubicin (2 nM–1.2 µM), epirubicin (0.7 nM–13.5 µM), fluorouracil (0.1 µM–50 µM), gemcitabine (0.7 nM–50 nM), and paclitaxel (0.2 nM–100 nM).
After reaching approximately 80% confluence, each cell line was trypsinized and seeded into 384-well microtiter plates (Corning, Lowell, MA, USA). Drug response of the cell lines was determined by ChemoFx®, an established chemosensitivity and response assay as described previously . Cells were plated in triplicate and treated with 10 serial doses of each chemotherapeutic treatment after 24 hours of attachment (untreated cells were used as a control). After an incubation period of 72 hours, the cells were fixed with ethanol, stained with DAPI, and counted. The number of cells remaining after drug treatment was used to determine survival fraction (SF = average cell count dose x/average cell count control). Dose-response curves were plotted to determine chemosensitivity, which is based on areas under the curve (AUC). Lower AUC scores indicate greater sensitivity.
Gene expression profiles of 27 breast cell lines are publicly available and were downloaded from ArrayExpress  with accession number E-TABM-157. The raw microarray data were processed by the software package RMA  for background adjustment and quantitative normalization. The processed data were log2-transformed, and probes in Affymetrix HGU133a were mapped to gene symbols. If a gene symbol was associated with multiple probes, the one with the largest interquartile range (IQR) was chosen. Non-specific filtering was performed to filter out probes that had small variations or low expression values.
To analyze how gene expression is related to individual drug response in ER positive and negative cell lines, we calculated a standardized regression coefficient between drug response and gene expression . Gene-drug correlation can be either positive or negative. A positive correlation indicates that cell lines that express more of the gene tend to more be responsive to the tested drug, and a negative correlation indicates that cell lines that express more of the gene tend to be more resistant to the drug. Further, two dimensional hierarchical clustering was applied to the gene-drug correlation matrix. Genes were clustered based on their correlations with drugs, and drugs in ER positive and ER negative cells were clustered based on their correlations with genes.
Meta-analysis was then applied to identify genes that are related to multidrug response. In this study, we defined genes that are differentially expressed with respect to at least 5 out of 7 drugs as multidrug response genes and r-th rank statistic was applied. The details of the meta-analysis algorithm are shown in Appendix S1. The q-values of the r-th rank statistic were evaluated by a permutation test and genes whose q-values were less than 0.01 were considered to be related to multidrug response. For each gene, the direction for multiple drugs was defined as the direction of the majority of drugs.
Genes related to multidrug response were evaluated by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) software (Ingenuity System, Redwood City, CA, USA) to identify associated pathways. For each pathway, a Fischer's exact test was used to calculate a p-value. Pathways with p-values less than 0.05 were considered enriched. We also performed network analysis to understand the global functional connection of these identified genes. The identified genes were used as the starting point for generating biologic networks of size 35. Networks with p-values less than 0.001 were considered significant. A detailed description of IPA can be found on the Ingenuity Systems website (http://www.ingenuity.com/).
We measured the drug response of 27 well-characterized breast cell lines to the following 7 widely used chemotherapeutic agents: cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel (Table 1). These cell lines exhibited a heterogeneous response to all 7 drugs. Consistent with other studies , our analysis showed that ER negative cell lines tended to be more responsive to chemotherapy drugs. In addition, drugs with similar mechanisms showed similar response patterns. Among the 7 drugs we tested, two taxane drugs, paclitaxel and docetaxel, were clustered together, and two anthracycline antitumor antibiotics, epirubicin and doxorubicin, were clustered together (Figure 1).
Since genes may play distinct roles in drug response for ER positive and negative cell lines, we calculated gene-drug correlation for ER positive and negative cell lines separately. Gene-drug correlation can be either positive or negative. Positive correlation means cell lines that express more of the gene tend to be more responsive to the tested drug. On the contrary, negative correlation means cell lines that express more of the gene tend to be more resistant to the tested drug.
We performed two dimensional clustering analyses on the basis of gene-drug correlation. In Figure 2, the Y axis represents the cluster tree of drugs. Generally, drugs in ER positive and ER negative cells formed distinct clusters, although there were some exceptions. Moreover, within each cluster (ER positive or ER negative) drugs with similar mechanisms, e.g. doxrubicin and epirubicin, clustered together. On the X axis, genes with a similar extent and direction of association with drugs in ER positive and negative cell lines were clustered together. Genes were clustered into 5 groups based on their correlations with drugs in ER positive and negative cell lines. For most genes, within ER positive cells or ER negative cells, their associations with the 7 tested drugs were in the same direction, although to varying extents. However, for genes in different clusters, the direction across ER positive and ER negative cells differed. For clusters 4 and 5, the direction of gene-drug association tended to be similar in ER positive and ER negative cells, whereas, for clusters 1 and 2, the gene-drug correlations tended to be opposite in ER positive and ER negative cells. The gene-drug associations in cluster 3 were weaker than in the other four clusters.
We applied r-th meta-analysis to identify genes related to multidrug response in breast cancer. The majority of genes that were associated with multidrug response among ER positive cells were not statistically significantly associated with multidrug response among ER negative cells, and vice versa.
Using a q-value less than 0.01 as the cutoff, 188 genes were identified as related to multidrug response in ER positive cells (Table S1). Among them, 123 were positively related and 65 were negatively related to drug response. A large number of identified genes are related to cell cycle, growth or apoptosis. Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) and their regulators, such as cyclins, are involved in cell cycle regulation. Among the identified genes, CDK7, CCNB1 (cyclin B1) and CCNG1 (cyclin G1) fall under this category. Ubiquitin-mediated degradation plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes including cell division, signal transduction, apoptosis, and immunity and inflammatory response . Several of the identified genes (e.g. UBE2S, UBE2G1, and PSMD14) encode proteins that are involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. UBE2S and UBE2G1 encode ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes; PSMD14 is a component of the 26S proteasome, which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins . Various kinases (e.g. CKS1B, CRKL, PRKCI, and PKMYT1) and phosphatases (e.g. PPP2R2A, PPP2R5E, and PTPN1) were identified. Kinases and phosphatases have opposing action of adding or removing (respectively) phosphaste groups, and therefore, play an integral role in regulating cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, several genes (e.g. RRM2, NQO1, CBR1, MT1H, MT1P) which have been known to be related to drug response in other studies were also identified. CBR1 (Carbonyl reductase 1) encodes a NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase, an enzyme that metabolizes many toxic environmental quinones and pharmacological relevant substrates such as doxorubicin ; NQO1 encodes enzyme NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1, which is critically involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and activation of anticancer drugs . MT1H and MT1P2 are members of the metallothionein family, which has a protective role against heavy metal toxicity. Their increased expression has been demonstrated to be associated with drug resistance .
A total of 32 genes were identified as related to multidrug response in ER negative cells (Table S2). Among them, 14 were positively and 18 were negatively related to drug response. Compared to the ER positive cells, far fewer number of genes were identified in the ER negative cells. This may be because ER negative cells are more homogeneous, or due to the inclusion of a non–malignant cell line (MCF10A) in the group of ER negative cell lines. Similar to genes identified in the ER positive group, several genes (e.g. IGFBP2, PMF1, and SLC9A1) identified in the ER negative group are also related to cell cycle, growth or apoptosis. In addition, several other genes (e.g., ALDH3B2 and PRDX2) were involved in metabolism and reported to be related to drug response: ALDH3B2 encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family. ALDH has been reported to play an important role in cancer therapeutics; it can decrease the effectiveness of some anticancer drugs, such as cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, by detoxifying their major active aldehyde metabolites ; PRDX2 encodes a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes, which play important roles in maintaining the intracellular redox homeostasis. There is evidence suggesting that PRDX2 may have a proliferative effect and play important roles in cancer development or progression as well .
Despite the fact that distinct genes are related to drug response for ER positive versus ER negative cell lines, 3 genes (TOP2A, DBI, and PMVK) were common between the two groups. TOP2A encodes a DNA topoisomerase which play an important role in both DNA replication and transcription. A number of studies have shown that TOP2A gene expression is associated with in vitro drug response  and better clinical outcome , . Consistent with these previous studies, in the current study, gene expression of TOP2A is positively associated with multidrug response (Figure 3A). DBI (diazepam binding inhibitor) is regulated by hormones and is known to play roles in proliferation and mitogenesis. DBI had been previously identified as a predictor of outcome after chemotherapy , . In this study, gene expression of DBI is negatively associated with multidrug response (Figure 3B). It is interesting to note that expression of PMVK, the gene coding for a peroxisomal enzyme, is differentially related to multidrug response in ER positive and negative cells; i.e, its expression is positively correlated with drug response in ER positive cells and negatively correlated in ER negative cells (Figure 3C).
The observation of genes associated with drug response in different directions is intriguing. To determine if this is a special case, the criteria for identifying multidrug response genes was relaxed. When the cutoff was set up to 0.1, another 5 genes (LDHB, ZMYND11, PDAP1, RQCD1, ERMP1) were identified as having opposite associations in ER positive and ER negative cells. Functional analysis indicates that these genes are involved in various biological processes, including cell cycle, cell proliferation, and metabolic processes. Although previous studies have shown that substantial genes play distinct roles in ER positive and ER negative cancers, few studies have reported genes that play opposing roles in different disease subtypes. This finding suggests an appealing avenue for further research into the biological mechanisms of drug response.
We applied Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) software to identify enriched pathways that are related to multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative breast cell lines separately. In IPA, pathways are organized hierarchically to different functional classes. IPA includes two broad functional groups; one encompasses signaling pathways and the other metabolic pathways. As shown in Table 2, the enriched pathways in ER positive and ER negative cells were distinct. With a p-value <0.05, 18 pathways were identified in ER positive and 5 in ER negative cell lines. For ER positive multidrug response genes, 17 of the 18 enriched pathways were signaling pathways related to apoptosis, cancer, cell cycle regulation, cellular immune response, cellular stress and injury, cytokine signaling, and growth factor signaling. For ER negative multidrug response genes, the 5 enriched pathways (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, phenyalanine metabolism, methane metabolism, and stilbene, coumarine, and lignin biosynthesis) were all related to metabolic functions.
To further understand the function of these multidrug response genes and how they coordinately work together, we performed network analyses using IPA software (Table S3). Twelve significant networks were identified in ER positive cells and 2 in ER negative cells. The 12 networks in ER positive cells are related to a broad range of functions that includes cell cycle, gene expression, cell signaling, immunological disease, and inflammatory response. The 2 networks in ER negative cells are related to cell cycle, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death. For both ER positive and ER negative cells, multiple networks are related to cell cycle.
Recently, it has been increasingly recognized that ER positive and ER negative breast cancer are distinct types of breast cancer. To date, few studies have rigorously assessed drug response genes in ER negative and ER positive breast cancer. In this analysis, genes related to multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative breast cell lines were comprehensively identified. The results show that the genes related to multidrug response in ER positive cell lines are distinct from those in ER negative cell lines. Among 188 genes identified in ER positive cell lines (123 positively related, 65 negatively related) and 32 identified in ER negative cell lines (14 positively related, 18 negatively related), two genes (TOP2A and DBI) have similar association in both cell types, and one gene (PMVK) associated in opposing directions in each cell type. By strictly controlling variables, including using gene expression profiles measured by the same platform and the same set of cells, testing the same panel of drugs, and using the same well-established chemoresponse assay, our results strongly indicate that the limited gene overlap is related to differences inherent in ER status.
Functional analysis also indicates that different biological processes are related to drug response in ER positive versus ER negative breast cells. Most of the enriched pathways in ER positive cells are associated with various types of cellular signaling, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cellular stress and injury, cytokine signaling, and growth factor signaling. Noticeably, a number of signaling pathways that are uniquely enriched in the ER positive cell lines have complex cross talk with ER signaling at the receptor level (HMMR and ITGA3), as well as downstream of the receptor level, such as signaling adaptor proteins (e.g. SHC1), kinases (e.g. PI3K, PRKC1, CRKL and ERK), phosphatases (e.g. PPP2R2A, PPP2R5E), enzymes (NQO1), and transcription regulators (e.g. CITED2, CNOT7 and STAT6).
In ER negative cells, all five enriched pathways are related to metabolic functions, including Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Phenylalanine Metabolism, Methane Metabolism, Stilbene, Coumarine and Lignin Biosynthesis, Biosynthesis of Steroids. This is biologically reasonable since these pathways have been shown to play important roles in cell adhesion and modulate signaling, which may affect drug response. Particularly, previous studies showed that cells with high glycolytic activity tend to have a decreased sensitivity to various anticancer agents and inhibition of glycolysis may be a promising therapeutic strategy .
In addition to mechanisms that were unique to each molecular tumor type, functional analysis indicates that for both ER positive and negative cell lines, the efficacy of anticancer treatment was related to cell cycle and cell death (Table S3). Many chemotherapeutic agents cause DNA damage or interfere with the ability of cells to replicate DNA correctly. Cells that cannot replicate DNA will often die by apoptosis. As such, regardless of distinct mechanisms of action, the efficacy of anticancer treatments depends on cell cycle. This observation that the efficacy of anticancer treatment was related to cell cycle and cell death, especially in ER positive cells is consistent with other studies. Previous studies also show that although several genomic signatures which have predictive value of drug response demonstrate limited overlap among them, they all include genes that are related to cell proliferation . The fact that cell cycle and cell death related genes have been identified from this cell based study, which is consistent with results from patient studies, support the feasibility of using cell line model to study drug response.
In this analysis, cell lines were used to identify genes related to drug response. Compared to patient-based studies, cell lines afford experimental advantages of controlling experimental variables, as well as measuring the effect of multiple drugs simultaneously, which cannot be done in patient studies. However, cell lines are not identical to cells from patient samples, and the use of cell lines ignores the influence of the tumor microenvironment on drug response. Although breast cancer cell lines mirror many of the biological and genomic properties of in vivo tumors, cell lines also have characteristics that differ. For example, patient-based studies have shown that, based on gene expression profiling, breast cancers can be primarily classified as luminal-A, luminal-B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like, as well as several other subtypes , , , , . In contrast, for breast cancer cell lines, there is no obvious distinction between luminal-A and luminal-B subtypes, and HER2-enriched cells do not form a separate subtype. Moreover, basal-like cell lines form two clusters, with basal-B generally being more responsive than basal-A . Of the 27 cell lines that were used in this study, all 11 ER positive cell lines are classified as luminal (without A or B distinction), and, for the 16 ER negative cell lines, 6 were grouped into basal-A, 6 as basal-B and 4 as luminal. Since breast cells lines of differing intrinsic subtype and ER status display distinct response patterns (data not shown), it would be informative to identify the genes related to multidrug response when further stratifying the cell lines by both intrinsic subtype and ER status in this current study. However, the limited number of cell lines in each subgroup in this study has prevented this type of additional analysis. In the future, as more cell lines become available for research, drug response genes may be identified by stratifying by both intrinsic subtype and ER status. In addition, further investigations may be implemented towards understanding the possible discrepancy between cell lines and patient tumors with respect to intrinsic subtype, as well as elucidating a mechanism for translating cell line-based findings to patient tumors.
Finally, an additional strength of this study was the use of r-th meta-analysis rather than the more commonly used two-step approach , . The r-th meta-analysis employs a permutation test for statistical inference and controls the false discovery rate. This unified method is more powerful than the simpler methods. Moreover, by controlling r-th, we were able to identify the genes with biological interest. For example, in this analysis, we set r-th at 5 out of 7, which allowed us to identify the genes related to the majority of drugs (5 out of 7). r-th can be set at a maximun to identify genes that are important for all drugs tested or at a minimum to identify those important for only a single drug. Analysis with r-th setting at a maximum or minimum shows similar trend that distinct genes are related to drug response in ER positive vs ER negative cells.
In summary, by taking advantage of the established gene expressions profiles of well-characterized breast cancer cell lines, applying a more powerful analytical method, and examining ER positive and ER negative cell lines separately, we have identified a number of genes related to multidrug response in these cells. Further, we have found that they are predominantly distinct in the 2 cell types and related to distinct cellular processes. These findings provide a basis for further research into the biological mechanisms of drug resistance. Such information may ultimately lead to the identification of biomarkers for potential therapeutic options.
Gene identified to be related to multidrug response in ER positive cell lines.
Gene identified to be related to multidrug response in ER negative cell lines.
Top connectivity networks identified in ER positive and negative breast cell lines by IPA.
We thank Janice Sabatine, PhD, Avanti Strategies, Pittsburgh, PA, who received payment from Precision Therapeutics, Inc., for writing and editing assistance.
Competing Interests: KS, SR, CT, DG, DW, ZD, SB, PE, MG and NS were employees of Precision Therapeutics, Inc., and received salary from Precision Therapeutics, Inc. Zhibao Mi and George Tseng are consultants of Precision Therapeutics, Inc. A provisional patent application (# 61/265,588) related to the content of the manuscript has been filed. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report.

domain: medical


text:
Horseferry Print Leather International Bifold Wallet
A bifold wallet in Italian-tanned leather, revised with our runway Horseferry print. The design is sized to fit all currencies.
Lining: Calf Leather 100%, Polyamide 100%
Outer: Calf Leather 100%
Designer Style ID: 8014694
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text:
Is The Weeknd Dissing Justin Bieber In New Track?
Or more specifically, his sex moves.
The singer features on a verse on Nav’s ‘Some Way', and the lyrics he wrote are all too telling.
“I think your girl, think your girl fell in love with me / She say my f–k and my tongue game a remedy / Oh yeah, yeah, I just hit a lick and I know you feelin’ some way / I just took that chick, and I know you feelin’ some way, oh yeah.”
Aside from them being really quite explicit, ARE THEY about Biebs with the ‘girl’ being his new GF Selena Gomez?!
This would make ever so slight sense, what with Bieber having previously openly mocked The Weeknd’s music, telling the world: “Hell no, I can’t listen to a Weeknd song, that s**t is whack.”
Meanwhile The Weeknd and SelGo just keep getting closer, most recently looking super cosy on a yacht together…
We just hope this is the end of it, because honestly we’re exhausted.
Watch! All of the latest celeb news you need to catch up on:

domain: entertainment


Tomorrow morning, Western Cape Transport and Public Works MEC Robin Carlisle and City of Cape Town Traffic Services officials, will be conducting a Scholar Transport Operation at Holy Cross Primary School in Zonnebloem, Cape Town.
This operation forms part of ongoing operations targeting schools in the metro area, where scholars are being transported in conditions contrary to the National Land Transportation Act, which requires vehicles to be roadworthy and appropriate for the transportation of scholars, as well as for operators to be in possession of the necessary documentation/authority in order to carry out this function.
In previous operations, some vehicles have been found to be unroadworthy and overloaded, with others being operated by unlicensed drivers. All of these threatening the safety of the many young scholars that rely on these private vehicles, to travel to and from school on a daily basis.
SOURCE: SA NEWS


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Beat 1 egg, 3/4 cup milk and a pinch of cayenne. Place 1/4 cup cornstarch in a shallow dish. In another dish, mix 1/2 cup each cornstarch and cornmeal with 2 tablespoons chopped dill, 2 teaspoons paprika, and salt and pepper. Dip about 3 dozen cold pickle slices in the plain cornstarch, then the egg wash, then the cornmeal mixture. Fry in 2 inches of 375 degrees F canola oil until golden, about 3 minutes. Drain on paper towels and serve with ranch dressing.
Photograph by Antonis Achilleos
Courtesy of Food Network Magazine
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domain: food


Matt Veto's Profile
Matt Veto is a master's student in the Missouri School of Journalism and served as a graduate teaching assistant at the Columbia Missourian. He came to MU in August 2011. Veto taught J2100 News for three semesters and now teaches J2150 Multimedia — both introductory courses for MU sophomores pursing entry to the School of Journalism.
Veto has reported for KBIA Radio and has contributed to Vox Magazine. He was the Vox deputy editor in Fall 2012.
Before coming to MU, Veto spent six years reporting sports and news for The Dispatch and The Rock Island Argus — a daily newspaper located in the Quad-Cities and headquartered in Moline, Ill. In addition to writing, Veto produced multimedia projects and podcasts for the newspaper's website.
Veto began his professional career in radio, serving as the sports director at KCII Radio in Washington, Iowa.
He plans to pursue a doctoral degree and enter academia as a journalism professor and student media advisor — all while keeping one foot in the narrative-writing door.
Veto lives in Columbia with his wife, Stephanie, who teaches convergence classes at MU.


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Are you worried you or a loved one is at risk of substance abuse relapse?
Overcoming a drug or alcohol addiction is not easy, which is why the idea of relapse is a very scary thing. To help you stay on track, we wanted to share ten of the most common signs of relapse. Keep these in mind during recovery and seek additional help if you feel yourself experiencing these symptoms.
- Feeling exhausted
- Indulging in distracted
- Losing judgement when drinking
- Making excuses for yourself when it’s convenient
- Craving what those around you are doing
- Losing self control
- Using substance to relieve negative emotion
- Becoming tunnel vision when feeling strong desire
- Making unrealistic commitments
- Experiencing inability to make decisions with long-term goals in mind

domain: sociology


text:
FRUITA, Colo. (KJCT) - Fruita is ringing in the holidays with some downtown festivities today.
Businesses began with a storefront decoration contest to benefit Grant a Wish, providing scholarships for youth in Mesa County. Folks then headed over to the craft show to support their local artisans.
“We’re just trying to make a living or get by or maybe we have a hobby that we really love and we want to fulfill our need for that. It’s just important to help people… and what better way to meet people, the people that live in your community,” says seamstress Linda Mulleady.
The day is finishing up with the Parade of Lights down Aspen street.