Manufacture of other transport equipment
Branch 30.1 – Construction of ships and boats
Construction of ships and craftActivity code 30.11
It includes the construction of ships, except for ships intended for sports and recreation, as well as construction of navigable structures: - construction of commercial ships: * passenger ships, ferries, cargo tankers, etc. - construction of warships - construction of fishing boats - construction of speedboats and hovercrafts (except recreational) - construction of drilling platforms, navigable or submersible - construction of navigable structures: * floating docks, pontoons and caissons, landing platforms, barges, tugs, floating cranes, non-recreational inflatable rafts, etc. - production of parts for ships and navigable structures. Does not include: - production of parts for ships and assembly units such as: * sails, part. 13.92 * marine propellers, part. 25.99 * steel and iron anchors, part. 25.99 * marine engines, part. 28.11 * navigation instruments, part. 26.51 * lighting equipment for ships, part. 27.40 - manufacture of amphibious vehicles, part. 29.10 - manufacture of inflatable boats or rafts, for recreation, part. 30.12 - repair and maintenance of ships and boats, part. 33.15 - cutting of ships, part. 38.31 - interior fitting of ships, part. 43.3
Production of boats for sports and leisureActivity code 30.12
Includes: - production of inflatable boats and rafts - production of sailboats with or without an auxiliary engine - production of motor boats for leisure - production of jet skis - production of other boats for leisure and sports: * kayaks, canoes, skiffs, etc. Does not include: - production of parts of boats for leisure and sports: * sails, part. 13.92 anchors of steel and iron, part. 25.99 * marine engines, part. 28.11 * surfboards, part. 32.30 - repair and maintenance of boats for sports and recreation, part. 33.15
Branch 30.2 – Manufacture of locomotives and rolling stock
Manufacture of locomotives and rolling stockActivity code 30.20
Includes: - production of diesel, electric, steam and other locomotives - manufacture of self - propelled railway and tramway wagons and maintenance vehicles, or servicing - production of rolling stock for railway and tram traffic, without own plant: * passenger wagons, freight wagons, tank wagons, wagons with automatic unloading, workshop wagons, crane wagons, tenders, etc. - production of special parts for railway and tram locomotives and wagons: * bogies, axles and wheels, brakes and parts for them * hook and coupling of wagons, bumpers and parts for them; shock absorber * wagon skeleton and locomotive; bodywork; joints for passage between wagons, etc. - production of mining locomotives and wagons - production of mechanical and electromechanical devices for signaling, safety control and management of railway, tram and road traffic inland waterways, parking facilities, port installations and airports - factory renovation and repair of rail vehicles - production of seats for rail vehicles. Does not include production: - unassembled rails, part. 24.10 - components for fastening railway tracks, part. 25.99 - electric motor, part. 27.11 - electrical equipment: signal, protective and traffic control, part. 27.90 - engine and turbine, part. 28.11
Branch 30.3 – Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related equipment
Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related equipmentActivity code 30.30
Includes production: - aircraft for the transport of goods or passengers, for the armed forces, for sports and other purposes - Helicopter - sailboats and piloted kites - airships and balloons - aircraft parts and accessories from this group: * main parts such as the fuselage, wings, doors, control surfaces, devices for landing, fuel tanks, cockpits, etc. * propeller, rotor and rotor blades for helicopters * general type engines used for aircraft * parts of turboreactor and turbopropeller - spacecraft, launch pads, satellites, planetary probes, spacecraft ships, etc. - aircraft seats - Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM). Does not include production: - parachute, part. 13.92 - military weapons and ammunition, part. 25.40 telecommunications equipment for satellites, part. 26.30 - aeronautical instruments and aeronautical instruments for aircraft, part. 26.51 - aircraft navigation systems, part. 26.51 lighting equipment for aircraft, part. 27.40 - starting devices and other electrical parts for internal motors combustion, part. 27.90 pistons, piston rings and carburetors, part. 28.11 aircraft launching equipment (for aircraft carriers) and similar equipment, part. 28.99
Branch 30.4 – Manufacture of military combat vehicles
Manufacture of military combat vehiclesActivity code 30.40
Includes production: - tanks - armed amphibious vehicles - other military combat vehicles. Does not include: - production of weapons and ammunition, part. 25.40
Branch 30.9 – Manufacture of other transport equipment
Manufacture of motorcyclesActivity code 30.91
Includes production: - motorcycles, mopeds and bicycles with auxiliary motor - motorcycle engines - motorcycle trailer - parts and accessories for motorcycles. Does not include production: - bicycles, part. 30.92 - wheelchairs, part. 30.92
Manufacture of bicycles and wheelchairsActivity code 30.92
Includes production: - bicycles and similar motorless vehicles (including tricycles for transport goods), children's bicycles and tricycles - parts and accessories for bicycles, etc. - wheelchair, with or without motorbike - parts and accessories for means of transport for the disabled - prams. Does not include production: - bicycles with auxiliary motor, part. 30.91 - toy vehicles designed for riding, including plastic bicycles and tricycles, part. 32.40
Manufacture of other transport equipmentActivity code 30.99
Includes production: - handcarts: luggage carts, sledges, shopping carts, etc. - harnessed vehicles: single-carriages, donkey-drawn carriages, hearses, etc. Does not include production: - industrial transport vehicles, including self-propelled vehicles, part. 28.22 - decorative trolleys for restaurants
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text:
David can eat an entire sixteen-inch pepperoni pizza in four minutes and thirty-six seconds. Not bad. But he knows he can do better. In fact, he'll have to do better: he's going to compete in the Super Pigorino Bowl, the world's greatest pizza-eating contest, and he has to win it, because he borrowed his mom's credit card and accidentally put $2,000 on it. So he really needs that prize money. Like, yesterday. As if training to be a competitive eater weren't enough, he's also got to keep an eye on his little brother, Mal (who, if the family believed in labels, would be labeled autistic, but they don't, so they just label him Mal). And don't even get started on the new weirdness going on between his two best friends, Cyn and HeyMan. Master talent Pete Hautman has whipped up a rich narrative shot through with equal parts humor and tenderness, and the result is a middle-grade novel too delicious to put down.
Regular price: £16.99
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Customer ReviewsMost Helpful
By K. J. Noyes on 05-02-18
Unlikely hero in tender tale of competitive eating
What made the experience of listening to Slider the most enjoyable?
The narrator brought the teenage voice out well of both the protagonist and his brother, the humour and pathos of the story were in the voices.
Who was your favorite character and why?
Both David and Mal, the competitive eater and his brother - David is an unusual character with unusual obsessions, his brother Mal hugely funny in his situation as well as empathic.
Which scene did you most enjoy?
The eating competition scenes were great, but I liked the scenes with the brothers, especially when David works out some new techniques to allow Mal to interact more with the world around him. Very affecting.
Any additional comments?
An unlikely hero - a wanabee competitive eater - in a surprisingly funny and tender (in more than his stomach!) tale
David has an overachieving older sister and an autistic younger brother, he's the middle child and with eating his only real 'skill', he determines to make his mark in the world of overeating. Knowing the names, the training tips, the dates of the qualifiers, he begins preparing his body for battle...
With more than just the central premise going on - David has a couple of nicely written friends as 'sidekicks', he struggles to help his younger brother Mal fit into society, his attempt to buy a memento on the Internet goes horribly wrong... it's a busy little book!
His voice is clear - the reader (Audible copy) makes him just the right 'age' to listen to: a teenager's voice that is optimistic and slightly naive at times, but quite clearly becoming his own person. The other voices are well characterised by the same narrator.
I enjoyed the competitive eating scenes, and those with Mal especially, it seems as though research was done into how autistic children both talk and react to situations, and David's understanding of his brother is very sweet and very true.
Such a lovely conclusion to the story, made my eyes tear up a little.
A book about family, finding your place and knowing what you want. Perfect food for thought (pun intended) for readers aged 11 to 14.

domain: entertainment


text:
A broad spectrum of climate scenarios for the future has developed over the past few years and this information is becoming increasingly available. But naturally, there are uncertainties regarding future developments, for example how vast greenhouse gas emissions will become.
How climate scenarios can be used optimally for different types of decision-making was brought to light during the Rossby Centre Day which was arranged recently at SMHI
The opening speaker was Martin Parry, a world leader in the area of climate adaptation. Parry for instance played a leading role in IPCC´s latest climate evaluation.
"Just 10 years ago, we believed that we had more time to work on emissions reductions. But with developments as they are now, we see that the situation is urgent. If a successful international agreement is reached in Copenhagen in December, perhaps we will achieve maximum global heating in 20 years time.
Parry pointed out that emissions reductions in the long term will reduce warming and the climate effects, but there is still a need for considerable adaptation work to be done. Model calculations show for example that the number of people that will suffer from famine could triple throughout the world in a changed climate, to almost 1 billion.
Today, it is generally accepted that we require emissions reductions but it is also agreed that there is a need for adaptation work, among other things, from regional climate models which provide more local, high-resolution information
Arctic important area
Terry Callaghan from the Abisko Research Station has highlighted the climate over the past few years, perhaps one of the warmest periods in the northern hemisphere for several thousands of years.
During the 20th century, temperature variations can be seen, but there is a significant difference over the past few years indicating that yearly mean temperatures are creeping above the 0° line. This has consequences for the permafrost, which according to measurements has changed drastically. In turn, there is a risk that large amounts of the climate gas, methane, may leak out. In Abisko, it has also been noticed how the tree line has moved northwards and that the flora has changed.
"The Arctic is an important area to study because changes have occurred rapidly and they provide feedback for the global climate. There are 2 million people who must adapt to a warmer climate."
"Today people are adapting to the prevailing changes, for example in the reindeer industry. But more long-term planning for adaptation to future changes must take place," said Callaghan.
He pointed to the importance of cooperation between researchers and other interested parties.
"Today researchers know too little about what users need and users don´t know enough about what researchers can offer.
Ensemble new tool
Erik Kjellström, climate researcher at SMHI, presented a new tool which will help people make decisions. A new series with regional climate scenarios, a so-called ensemble, has been developed. It is one of the most important regional ensembles available today.
This is where users can see and compare the results from a number of global models down-scaled to regional levels. The ensembles also contain a number of different emissions scenarios. There is also the possibility, for example, to use individual scenarios, mean values or compare many different scenarios, depending on the user area.
"With ensembles, significantly improved opportunities are created to quantify uncertainties related to emissions scenarios, model formulations and the climate system´s natural variations."
A number of other lectures during the day highlighted further examples of climate scenarios and how they can be used, as well as future work at Rossby Centre.
More information about Rossby Centre Day is published on the Rossby Centre website.

domain: geography


text:
The Effect of Aromatherapy with Rose Water on the Deep Sleep Status of Premature Infants Admitted to NICU: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Fereshteh Ghaljaei, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences,
Iran, Email: email@example.com
Received: 21-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. AJOPY-22-80621;
Editor assigned: 23-Nov-2022, Pre QC No. AJOPY-22-80621 (PQ);
Reviewed: 07-Dec-2022, QC No. AJOPY-22-80621;
Revised: 23-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. AJOPY-22-80621 (R);
30-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.54615/2231-7805.4762
Introduction: Sleep, as a biological process, plays an essential role in brain development and infant development and its effects on the development of Sensory and brain system. Studies show different psychological effects of complementary medicine methods including aromatherapy on patients. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of aromatherapy with rose water on the deep sleep status of premature infants admitted to NICU.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 64 infants hospitalized in PICU. In the intervention group and the control group of patients, two drops of rose water and distilled water were poured on gas and placed next to the babies' heads, respectively. ALS scale was used to assess the sleep status.
Results: Out of 66 infants in this study, 30 were female and 36 were male. The average gestational age of the infants was 32.5 ± 1.99 weeks. The results showed that the amount of deep sleep (type A and B) in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group during and after the intervention (p=0.001).
Conclusions: Considering the positive impact of rose water in improve of sleep quality in premature babies; it can be used to improve sleeping condition of infants in hospitals, along with main treatment. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 23 (10) January, 2023; 1-9.
Infant, Intensive Care Units, Aromatherapy, Sleep Quality, Complementary Medicine
Sleep, as a biological process, plays an essential role in brain development and infant development . Sufficient sleep and maintaining the sleep cycle in infants is very important because it affects the development of the sensory system, movement, learning, long term memory, and appropriate responses to environmental stimuli, temperature regulation and maintaining the balance of brain structures . Side effects of lack of sleep and sleep cycle disorder in infants includes: Increase in sympathetic tonicity, risk of obstructive sleep apnea, decrease in pain threshold, decrease in brain mass, disturbance in the development of primary senses, disorders of alertness, increased sensitivity to diseases, disturbance in psycho-social development, cognitive defects and physiological disorders . Studies have shown that the sleep of premature babies is significantly less comfortable than that of full term babies and they may suffer from sleep disorders and decrease the quality of sleep in the first and second year of life . Term infants spend 60% and pre term infants spend 70% of their time sleeping. The sleep cycle in babies up to the age of 6 months includes three stages of active, restful and uncertain sleep. A new born baby sleeps irregularly for 12 to 18 hours a day, and the sleep cycle lasts about 50 minutes. As the infant grows, the duration of active sleep decreases and restful sleep increases . Active sleep affects the development of the sensory system both in the fetal period and in the new born period. QS plays an important role in the development of long term memory and learning ability. Maintaining the capacity to adapt to environmental changes, learning to respond to environmental experiences and coping with new needs is influenced by sleep stages . Infants who need hospitalization in the intensive care unit are exposed to stimulating factors that disrupt the sleep cycle . Since premature infants have an extremely vulnerable nervous system and spend the period of brain development in an environment outside the uterus, they are more affected by stimuli and are prone to such disorders . The sense of smell is highly developed at birth. In this way, smell detection occurs between 28 and 29 weeks of pregnancy. The primary olfactory receptors appear in the eighth week of pregnancy and are fully developed by the end of the second trimester. The olfactory signal protein is expressed in the olfactory mucosa at 28 weeks of pregnancy and in the main olfactory bulb at 32-35 weeks of pregnancy . One of the effective ways to reduce anxiety, stress, depression, insomnia, pain, fatigue and asthma is to use alternative medicine . Aromatherapy is a type of alternative medicine that has been of interest to researchers as a new nursing care in recent years . This treatment improves physical, emotional and spiritual health by using essential oils found in flowers, leaves, roots and stems of plants . Compared to chemical substances, aromatherapy is a relatively effective treatment that does not accumulate in the body, but is discharged through the respiratory system, liver and kidney, and is non-invasive, which directly affects the brain . Ros Damascena flower, which is known as rose flower in Iran, is one of the most important species of the rose family and the king of ornamental flowers. This flower is used as a perfume, medicine and flavouring in the food industry . The scent of the rose with two elements, citronellol and phenethyl, has an antiseptic effect on the central nervous system, and as a result, it causes a hypnotic and relaxing effect. Rose is one of the most widely used medicinal plants recommended for the treatment of sleep disorders . However, based on our search, the effect of the smell of rose on the sleep status of premature babies has not been investigated. Since the access to rose water is easy and inexpensive, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of aromatherapy with rose water on the deep sleep status of premature babies hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Material and Methods
Design and participants
This Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) study was conducted on 64 premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Ali Ibn Abi Talib hospital in 2019 southwest of Iran. The CONSORT 2010 checklist was use to report the study . The inclusion criteria included: The age of the baby between 30 and 37 weeks of gestation, having stable symptoms, without severe respiratory distress, jaundice and congenital abnormalities, no history of drug abuse by the mother, no use of narcotic and sedative drugs for the baby, as well as parental consent. In case of death, convulsions and changes in the clinical condition of the baby, they were excluded from the study. Sampling was done based on the available non-probability method and after the informed consent of the eligible people. The selected samples were equally assigned to two groups by randomization method of permutation blocks. Also, in addition to randomization, in order to eliminate the possible effects of confounding variables, two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. The sample size was based on the purpose and study similar to Keyhanmehr, et al. 32 participants were selected in each group, a total of 64 participants .
Demographic information form and sleep behaviour scale were used to collect data. The baby's demographic information form included personal information and information related to the baby (Including: Fetal age, sex, Apgar score in minutes of 1 and 5).
ALS sleep wake behaviour scale: In this instrument, six general sleep wake conditions are defined for premature babies, who include: deep sleep, light sleeps, sleepiness, calm wakefulness, active wakefulness, and crying, which are examined by the researcher in this study. Three sleeping positions. Each of these situations is defined based on its specific behavioural and physiological characteristics such as (breathing pattern, presence or absence of rapid eye movement, eyes open or closed, facial expressions, body movements, skin colour, mouth movements) . Babies show each of these situations in two ways (a) and (b). In this tool, type A refers to the scattered and unorganized patterns of the baby's sleep and indicates that the baby has tension and stress, and level B is the level where the baby has an organized, strong and adjusted sleep. The validity of this tool has been approved in Iran by Rajaei, et al. .
Infants were placed in a double-walled incubator. In the intervention group, two drops (0.1 cc) of Zahra organic rose water with 12 grades and in the control group, two drops of distilled water with a dropper and by a trained nurse were placed on a sterile pad at a distance of 30 cm from the baby's head in a double walled incubator. Became every new born was exposed to a sterile pad containing rose water or distilled water for 60 minutes. The sleep quality of the baby during 20 minutes during sleep and 20 minutes after placing the pad was determined at intervals of every two minutes according to the ALS tool by direct observation of the researcher and recorded in the table. All interventions were recorded by a video camera. In order to increase the validity of the data, the researcher watched the recorded video for a second time. Similar conditions were applied to the control and intervention groups. The study was conducted in two groups after feeding and routine nursing care at 3:00 PM to 5:00 PM to minimize confounding factors. During the study, the breathing rate and heart rate of the babies were controlled by a monitoring system to protect the patient. In the baseline measurements, all demographic data including sex, fetal age and Apgar score were collected (Figure 1).
This study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) (IR.ZAUMS.REC.1398.383) of Zahedan university of medical sciences. The study also was registered with the Iranian registry of clinical trials (www.irct.ir) with the registration number IRCT20171007036599N4. Each participant was verbally provided with information regarding the study and the contents of the information sheet. An informative consent form and explanations that participation was voluntary and that they had the freedom to leave the study was completed by participants.
In order to compare the frequency, the average of 6 sleep states of premature babies in two groups, from Pearson's chi-square tests, independent t-test and according to the type of response variable (number of times of sleep types in different time intervals) and data repetition from generalized estimating equations known as GEE were used to fit Poisson's linear logarithm regression model and evaluate intervention effects. All statistical tests were performed in SPSS version 22.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Confidence interval of 95% and a significance level of P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Out of 66 infants in this study, 30 were female and 36 were male. The average gestational age of the infants was 32.59 ± 1.99 weeks. The results of Pearson's chi-square test showed that the two groups have the same distribution in terms of gender (P=0.82) and also the results of the parametric t test for two independent groups showed that the two groups had the same mean Apgar score in terms of age (P=0.27). The first minute (P=0.22) and the fifth minute Apgar average (P=0.18) have no statistically significant difference. According to the information of deep sleep A, in the intervention group, during the first 20 minutes (Mean: 0.24 and 0.82: SD=the second 20 minutes), (Mean: 2.18 and 1.62: SD=the third 20 minutes), Mean: 1.44 and 1.62: SD=and deep sleep A in the control group in the first 20 minutes), (Mean: 0.66 and 0.94: SD=the second 20 minutes), (Mean: 0.22 and 0.61: SD=the third 20 minutes), (Mean: 0.41 and 1.19: SD=group effect was significant and time effect was insignificant). Due to the significance of the interaction between time and studied groups, the comparison of two groups was investigated separately at each time. Due to the large sample size (n<30) and also checking the graphs to compare the average deep sleep A between two groups, parametric t test was used for two independent groups at any time. Comparison of two groups at any given time in table and graph 1 shows that 40 and 60 minutes are significant. Deep sleep B in the intervention group during the first 20 minutes (Mean: 0.21 and 0.69: SD=the second 20 minutes), (Mean: 1.94 and 1.87: Deviation the third 20 minutes), (Mean: 0.82 and 1.64: Std. Deviation and deep sleep B in the control group in the first 20 minutes), (Mean: 0.22 and 0.79 SD the second 20 minutes), (Mean: 0.34 and 1.33 SD the third 20 minutes), (Mean: 0.13 and 0.4 SD) although the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference, the quality of their deep sleep (type B) differed significantly over time, and the interaction between time and group was also significant. Therefore, the effect of the intervention was examined separately at each time and as can be seen in the table and graph 2, the effect of group and time is not significant on its own, but the mutual effect of group and time is significant (Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 2).
||Before intervention (First 20 minutes)
||During intervention (Second 20 minutes)
||After intervention (Third 20 minutes)
Table 1. Determining and comparing the frequency of deep sleep (Type A) of premature infants, during 20 minutes before the intervention, during the intervention and after the intervention in two intervention and control groups.
||Before Intervention (first 20 minutes)
||During Intervention (second 20 minutes)
||After Intervention (third 20 minutes)
Table 2. Determining and comparing the frequency of deep sleep (Type B) quality of premature infants, during 20 minutes before the intervention, during the intervention and after the intervention in two intervention and control groups.
The results showed that the amount of deep sleep (type A and B) in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group during and after the intervention. In general, the results showed that aromatherapy is effective on sleep quality, which was consistent with previous studies. Arbianingsih conducted a research aimed at the effect of lavender aromatherapy massage in reducing sleep disorders in infants and the results of the research showed the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy massage in reducing sleep disorders in infants. In this research, sleep disorders in infants aged 6 to 12 months were investigated took .
The findings of Keyhanmehr's study on the effect of aromatherapy with rose oil on children's sleep quality showed that resistance to sleep, difficulty waking up in the morning, nightmares and waking up during the night in children were found by inhaling rose oil. In another study, which was conducted by Hajibagheri under the title of investigating the effect of aromatherapy with rose water on the sleep status of patients admitted to the intensive care unit, five areas of Pittsburgh's sleep quality index were examined. The results showed that the scent of rose water can improve the sleep quality of patients admitted to the intensive care unit .
All the above studies point to the positive effect of aromatherapy as an alternative treatment on improving sleep quality. In these three studies, the effect of aromatherapy on duration, quality and sleep disorders in different age groups was investigated. In the second and third studies, rose water was used to improve sleep quality and disorders. We also used rose water as a relaxing scent in our study. In the study we conducted, we adopted the ELS tool and observed the behavioural and physiological characteristics of infants to evaluate their sleep status; Abd Yazdan, et al. showed that nesting and swaddling increases the total sleep time and peaceful sleep of premature babies admitted to the NICU .
Ameri, et al., showed in a study that placing the baby in the fetal position increased the percentage and average time of deep sleep, decreased the frequency and duration of light sleep, sleepiness, active wakefulness and crying in premature babies. In our study, similar to Ameri's study, the Els sleep and wake behaviour scale was used for premature babies, and we focused on the sleep of premature babies so that we could achieve more accurate results. Two studies conducted on children with autism showed that aromatherapy does not have a significant effect on their sleep quality.
There were limitations in our study. Many factors, including the sound and light of the environment, are effective on the sleep of the baby. It is suggested that this study be conducted in single person rooms, and in future studies, long follow up periods should be included to evaluate the continued effectiveness of the interventions.
The findings of the present study showed that smelling the scent of rose water in premature babies leads to an improvement in their sleep. Because rose water is easy to access, inexpensive, and its use has few side effects, and most importantly, it is accepted by parents and considering that sleep is very important for brain health and baby development. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the sleeping condition of infants in hospitals, along with treatment, using non-pharmacological methods such as aromatherapy with rose water.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee-of Iran and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.
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- Hajibagheri A, Babaii A, Adib-Hajbaghery M. Effect of Rosa damascene aromatherapy on sleep quality in cardiac patients: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014; 20(3):159-63. [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Abdeyazdan Z, Mohammadian-Ghahfarokhi M, Ghazavi Z, Mohammadizadeh M. Effects of nesting and swaddling on the sleep duration of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016; 21(5):552. [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- McLay L-LK, France K. Empirical research evaluating non-traditional approaches to managing sleep problems in children with autism. Dev Neurorehabil. 2016; 19(2):123-34. [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Williams TI. Evaluating effects of aromatherapy massage on sleep in children with autism: A pilot study. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med.2006; 3(3):373-77. [Crossref] [Google scholar] [PubMed]

domain: literature


A Survivor of Chinese Communism Has a Warning for SJW’s and Cancel Culture Mobs
Without question the U.S. is devolving into a failed state and although people are still fond of calling it a democracy, it really operates more like a plutocracy, an oligarchy, a kleptocracy, or even a kakistocracy. But what’s in a name?
Something will emerge to replace it, and if you’re paying attention you can already see the classic signs of a Marxist cultural revolution taking place. There’s no shortage of pawns and foot soldiers demanding social justice, idealogical conformity, and supposed equality, while using all the strong-arm tactics, street violence, and language of Hitler’s Brownshirts or Mao’s Red Guards.
Let’s be honest, though, every form of government human beings have tried has failed, always decaying into authoritarianism, rampant corruption, and eventually mass murder. Under the banners of communism and socialism, though, hundreds of millions of people have been starved or murdered in just the last century alone.
America was once a beacon of hope for people fleeing these terrifying forms of government, but now we’re under assault by ‘woke’ mobs and cancel culture, whose best idea is to go backwards in time and redo socialism or communism yet again.
Most people don’t seem to want to study history in order to decide whether American communism would be a good idea or not. They don’t seem to want to acknowledge that this has all been done before.
But you don’t have to read history books to grasp this, because, there are plenty of people alive today who’ve survived communism, and who are watching in horror today as mindless mobs demand a regression into something far worse than late stage capitalism.
My wife, for example, grew up in communist Poland. Her childhood was marked with food lines, food rationing, military presence everywhere, party loyalty, political persecution, spies, domestic surveillance, and so on. It’s a terrible way to live, and so her family went through the very risky and painful process of defecting and immigrating to the United States for freedom and opportunity.
I recently saw a comment from a friend who grew up in communist China during the tail end of the most brutal era of Chinese state oppression. You can tell from her personal experience that she sees what I see, a bunch of supposedly woke people screaming and demanding something that we already know will ultimately only turn around and bite them when the time is right.
Juliet Tang comments on social justice warriors, cancel culture and the reality of the kind of society this creates, and I feel like her thoughts are worth sharing.
I got something to say about Cancel Culture and social justice warriors. I don’t get paid to educate some of the kids on the internet, so this is public service.
I’m the granddaughter of a woman who was canceled by SJW – except they were called Red Guards during the Chinese Cultural Revolution that started in 1966, which resulted in tens of millions of deaths and lasting famine in its ten year duration.
Those Red Guards were youths and school kids – brainwashed by the government to carry out acts of “justice” using means such as public humiliation, attacking, property destruction, and physical torture of other human beings.
No one was able to trust anyone, including close friends and neighbors.
You would come home one day and find everything you owned burned to the ground, and your loved ones dragged away (I suppose it’s like living in Voldemort times).
It’s none of my business whether you’re left or right, up or upside down, but I will say the left has been deeply corrupt – infiltrated by forces that harvest energy of fear and division from human beings, among other things…
Communism in America is what I’m seeing, along with many Americans who’ve turned into modern day Maoists, most likely without their awareness.
It’s the signature move for Marxists/Communists/Fascists to name one group of people as people’s enemy, so that they become the label of hate and everything that’s wrong in the society.
(Think: how did the Holocaust happen?).
The SJW are then free to use all tactics to project their shadows onto this group of people. The tactics include but are not limited to:
– Public shaming.
– Emotional manipulation.
– Physical assault.
– Verbal abuse.
– Virtue signaling.
– Destroying others’ homes and taking away their property.
This is the cancel culture. And it’s NOT new.
I heard a month ago a woman coach who openly admitted she was a Trump supporter had her online business destroyed by SJW.
I could care less about how you feel about Trump, I just know it doesn’t give you the right to play God.
Besides, if your anger towards one man is so deep that you are willing to destroy the reputation and livelihood of a stranger you’ve never met, there are clearly bigger issues than Trump that need urgent attention.
Also, does that mean you’ll cancel millions of Americans who voted for a couple of our last presidents for justice for children?
Since in the 89-page Maxwell file Exhibit D which was opened a week ago, she clearly stated Bill raped (not had sex with, raped) young girls on Epstein Island, and our last president’s name is on the Epstein flight log along with tons of beloved celebrities and super models millions around the worship – that’s a whole lot of people to cancel.
(This is not a “conspiracy theory.” It’s all public information. Some very light research on any search engine will reveal it – it’s obviously not reported by mainstream media because they don’t profit from you knowing the truth).
Bottom line, hypocrisy won’t fly here. Half assed justice isn’t real justice. Just say’in.
It’s interesting that lately, the left has chosen to recruit many “woke” or “spiritual” people to be the modern day Red Guards – selling them a vision of righteousness under Marxist ideology.
I do believe some of the activists truly want to do good, but they’ve been greatly deceived and manipulated as pawns of the chess game.
It is safe to say that those who have started the causes care nothing about their SJW, and are herding them into the same slaughter house – the fate of the Red Guards in China.
No human being deserves to be canceled. Period. (Ok excluding pedos and half reptilians).
The lasting trauma a person suffers from being canceled, as well as the damage on their children and grandchildren, doesn’t seem to exist in the collective awareness.
I won’t get into the extensive details. Suffice to say the deep wounds are passed down in the DNA and they impact every area of a person’s life, until one generation develops enough consciousness to process and integrate it. It’s a long and painful journey.
The purpose of this message is this:
There are many distractions and distortions in our world right now – dividing us, and taking us out of our heart center.
The common enemy isn’t each other.
In the end, realize that while political parties, perspectives, and skin color have divided many, we are meant to stand together as a human race. Your attachment/loyalty to a political party should never override your willingness to be a decent human.
It doesn’t mean we go the other extreme, try to merge into Oneness and bypass our differences, which feels like some form of spiritual canceling to prevent us from choosing and acting.
I can say a lot about why surface level understanding of Oneness isn’t the solution right now. Maybe another post.
Rather, I invite you to come from the place of honoring our differences, and dissolving our separation. Part of this is to also lean into our multidimensionality and operate from all aspects of us, at the same time.
– Women and men are wired differently biologically.
– A black girl from Alabama has had a different upbringing, than a white boy growing up in a middle class LA household, than an immigrant who spent her childhood in oppression and poverty in Communist China, than a Puerto Rican born and raised in the Bronx.
Yet our highest level is, and always will be, divinity.
BEING and BRIDGING all these aspects of ourselves will automatically birth a fuller version of who we can be at this moment, and paint possibilities we were unable to perceive, instead of swinging into and choosing from one polarity.
Embrace our diversity as a strength and celebrate it. Use our life experiences to positively impact and inspire. Work together. See and acknowledge each other and our uniqueness.
This is synergy – part of my work in integrating and rising above polarities.
Let’s say yes to all these – without idolizing and allowing soulless politicians, pedo celebrities, and fake influencers to manipulate us into canceling each other.
I have faith in us
If you truly want to dedicate your energy and efforts to conscious social change. Look into what B*ll Gates is rolling out in West Africa to test out his “trust stamp” digital ID as part of the v*ccine. The idea is to then introduce it to the rest of the world. Follow dr. Rashid Buttar on IG @drbuttar for more info. Again, not “theory,” fact. Search for it.
– Africans and African children have been used as guinea pigs to test out unsafe v*ccines forever.
– A lot of the common brand name clothes and shoes are made by child labor in sweatshops in China.
While we are at it, over 2 million children are being sold into sex slavery every year. US has the biggest market share.
Lastly, find out what’s happening in Melbourne. Any country could be next if we don’t stand together.
Spread the awareness, and act in integrity with your highest self – ask that part of you to decide before you let your emotions dictate you.
Be conscious of who and what you follow.
Don’t stand with gurus and influencers. Stand with Truth with a capital T.
Typing behind a keyboard, picking fights with other human beings and ridiculously canceling syrup, ice cream and God-knows-what from sheer ignorance is not a form of activism.
I’ve said this a while ago. Some call this the great awakening, I call it an individual and global maturation process.
For many, the idea of taking 100% radical responsibility for every aspect of who they be scares the bejesus out of them.
On the other side of fear, is true freedom.
Perhaps for the first time in this one particular timeline, we as a species will learn the true meaning of what it’s like to have complete sovereignty over our consciousness and bodies.
Let’s co-create a better world for ourselves, our children, and their children.
Love to you all.
Look at history’s trail of blood and you’ll hear all about the kings, queens, and rulers of our past, but you’ll hear next to nothing of the pawns and foot soldiers whose bodies filled the line to make their wealth and rule possible. Without such useful idiots tyranny is impossible. And for those who’ve already survived this in their lives, watching in horror as the U.S. falls, watching events today is like watching a slow motion train wreck. We already know how this ends.
Read more articles by Dylan Charles.
About the Author
Dylan Charles is the editor of Waking Times and host of Battered Souls, a podcast about dedicated to ideas of personal transformation, societal awakening, and planetary renewal. His personal journey is deeply inspired by shamanic plant medicines and the arts of Kung Fu, Qi Gong and Yoga. After seven years of living in Costa Rica, he now lives in the Blue Ridge Mountains, where he practices Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and enjoys spending time with family. He has written hundreds of articles, reaching and inspiring millions of people around the world.
This article (A Survivor of Chinese Communism Has a Warning for SJW’s and Cancel Culture Mobs) was originally created and published by Waking Times and is published here under a Creative Commons license with attribution to Dylan Charles and WakingTimes.com. It may be re-posted freely with proper attribution, author bio, and this copyright statement.


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Lane LV, Meinkoth JH, Brunker J, et al.
A 5-year-old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis and rare organisms consistent with Prototheca spp within neutrophils and macrophages. On postmortem histologic examination, mononuclear inflammation and numerous intralesional algal organisms, similar to those seen on the cytologic preparation of CSF, were found in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and heart. Abnormalities were not detected on gross and histologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Cultures of CSF and subdural/olfactory bulb, but not intestinal tract, yielded growth of Prototheca spp, and PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the organism as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. We have reported a rare case of disseminated protothecosis that was diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog presented with neurologic signs and no overt enteric disease. Protothecosis should be considered as a rare cause of seizures, even in the absence of obvious enteric signs, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleocytosis.

domain: biology


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Matthew Lewis on His Glow-Up and Playing a Dad in “Baby Done”
Matthew Lewis is too humble to claim to be a wizard, but that didn’t stop him from playing the iconic Neville Longbottom in the Harry Potter movies. Similarly, although he hasn’t had any children of his own, that’s not going to stop him from playing a dad-to-be in the new feature film Baby Done.
Are we sure he is not actually a wizard? His transformation from the Longbottom years to one of the hottest actors out there may be down to witchcraft, not luck, but we will just have to believe him on that. Talking to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s triple j team, Matthew became quite flustered when his famous “glow-up” was brought up:
Well, being 31 years old now, I have to pretend I don’t know what that phrase means, ‘glow up.’ I mean, what is that? But gosh, I mean, I don’t know, man. I guess it’s a compliment, I suppose. I am very humbled by the nice things that people say. I don’t know what they are talking about, to be honest. They could be saying a lot worse things, I suppose!
Fans of the Leeds-born and Leeds United-supporting actor can catch him in a new romantic and family (or almost-family) comedy, Baby Done, starring opposite New Zealand comedienne Rose Matafeo (Funny Girls). Explaining his choice, he said that while he isn’t a father as yet, the film’s creators and the story found him at an appropriate time in his life:
Rose [Matafeo] and Taika [Waititi] were both attached, and with that kind of calibre of people, I knew it was going to be a good script. I read it and immediately just fell in love with the story. I’m 31 years old, and so a lot of it resonates with me. My older siblings have all got kids; my parents are constantly sort of, like, ‘When are you guys gonna…?’ So I’m acutely aware of all that kind of stuff, and the characters just felt so real and so warm. I just felt like I knew what to do with it.
The trailer teases that Matthew’s character is in for a wild ride in this one, with a couple of figurative and literal falls along the journey.
Does this mean Matthew is as ready for having children as his fictional counterpart in Baby Done? Perhaps not just yet, since he said, “I’ve already got two dogs, and they’re a nightmare. I can’t have kids as well.” However, he thinks he is bound to get more nudging after his family sees the movie:
Don’t even know if I’ve told them what it’s about. I think I was like, ‘I’m just making this romcom in New Zealand, don’t worry about it’. When my parents see it, [G]od, they might be like, ‘You’d be a good dad!’ Probably going to be more ammunition for them to throw my way.
The movie was inspired by director Curtis Vowell and writer Sophie Henderson’s real-life experiences as a couple going through pregnancy and all the life changes it brings. “Curtis is a lot more like Tim than he would care to admit,” Matthew let us know cheekily. Don’t let the creator duo hear him say that!
Baby Done is out now in cinemas in New Zealand and Australia.

domain: artistic


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Biologists at the University of Iowa have unraveled a second pathway by which cancer cells multiply without end. Using baker’s yeast as a model, the biologists explored Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres, a second pathway that cancer cells use to become immortal.
— Read on now.uiowa.edu/2021/03/biologists-unravel-pathway-cancer-cells-become-immortal
ME: Let’s get this straight — renegade Cancer cells become immortal, able to divide indefinitely. So, the immortal cell mutation could be guided or harnessed as an evolutionary pathway. (I think Star Trek already called this one as well.)
There seems to be a huge irony here that what people are trying to limit in “cancer” cells is exactly what other researchers are seeking to extend our lifespans and that is the lengthening of telomeres.
Above image from: https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2020/03/chemists-inhibit-a-critical-gear-of-cell-immortality/

domain: news


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domain: medical


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Via Melissa Kavanaugh
LOVED this game!!!
Perfection Game (1975).
Jaws game!!!! Just bought this :D
Jaws game from the 70's
Remember this one? The jaw would close soooo slooow! #jaws
Vintage 1964 Ideal KERPLUNK Toy Game by Christian Montone, via Flickr
The Game of Snake's Alive! by Ideal (1967)
Vintage Numbers Up 1975 Milton Bradley Game
Tomy Pocket Speedway Game 1975 Collectible Toy. I lovedddddd these games!

domain: game


text:
Bristol Jewish Society president helped get academic David Miller fired. Read more about Meet Edward Isaacs, the student waging a campus war for Israel
“I do not accept that there is any basis for categorizing it as anti-Semitic,” wrote lawyer hired by university. Read more about Second Bristol report exonerated David Miller of anti-Semitism
There is a coordinated campaign to shut down free speech on UK campuses. Read more about Who are the Israel lobbyists that want David Miller fired?


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Massimo, Barry Callebaut’s ambition under its Forever Chocolate plan is to source all of its ingredients sustainably. What are the key commodities we are talking about besides cocoa?
We source a wide range of ingredients, including dairy, palm oil, coconut oil, soy lecithin, vanilla, cane sugar, beet sugar and nuts for our chocolate products. The complexity of the sourcing of these ingredients is quite diverse as each of these raw materials has its own supply chain that can often vary across different geographical regions.
This means, we are dealing with individual ingredients which have individual supply chain challenges, so you can appreciate the complexity of the challenges we face. It is critical that for the sustainable sourcing of raw materials, establishing common industry standards on sustainability is key.
We have reached a milestone this year, sourcing over 50% of all our raw materials from sustainable sources.

domain: economics


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Vietnam Airlines plans operate a series of repatriation flights to the USA from 22 June, following approvals from US authorities.
The flag carrier says it was granted a licence from the US Transportation Security Administration on 8 June to operate 12 repatriation flights to the USA this year, according to a 10 June statement.
Vietnam Airlines says it plans to use Airbus A350 and Boeing 787 aircraft for the 12 repatriation flights. The first flight on 22 June will depart Hanoi for Washington DC, via Alaska, and return on 24 June.
The airline has also worked with other authorities to secure the permits for the 12 flights, including the Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam, US Customs and Border Protection, US Federal Aviation Administration, US Department of Transportation and airport authorities it intends to operate to or through.
In 2020, Vietnam Airlines says that it operated over 20 repatriation flights between Vietnam and the USA.

domain: travel


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The face of hunger in Missouri
Feeding American releases an annual Hunger in America report and Harvesters combs through the report and profiles the counties it serves. Read about the face of hunger in Clay County
Find some new fashions for YOU at our Chico’s fundraiser
Chico’s, in Zona Rosa, is holding a fundraiser on Thursday, March 5th from 1 to 6 pm. You need to shop in store during this time and mention you are there for Feed Northland Kids OR the Bill Cross 5k. 10% of your purchase price will be donated to us!! Find some new spring fashions for yourself or someone else AND help raise funds to feed kids right here in the Northland!!
Pope Francis’ Lenten message matches our focus
Describing this phenomenon he calls the globalization of indifference, Pope Francies writes, that “whenever our interior life becomes caught up in its own interests and concerns, there is no longer room for others, no place for the poor. God’s voice is no longer heard, the quiet joy of his love is no longer felt, and the desire to do good fades.” He continues that, “We end up being incapable of feeling compassion at the outcry of the poor, weeping for other people’s pain, and feeling a need to help them, as though all this were someone else’s responsibility and not our own.”

domain: sociology


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Natural Certified Organically grown golden flax seed for long-term food storage.
The paper/plastic bags will come with the wording of "natural" on them, but they are certified organic.
Use in salads, yogurts, or cereals.
Store in buckets for long-term storage.
© 2023 Food Storage Guys. All Rights Reserved.
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domain: food


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First, you shouldn't really be touching your betta. I know some people like to do it, but it really isn't good for them. There is no telling what is on your hands, and you can rub off their protective slime coat.
Also, what is the texture of the spots? Are they fuzzy?
Please fill this out too so we can get an idea of his situation: (I know you just got him, so fill out whatever applies)
What size is your tank?
What temperature is your tank?
Does your tank have a filter?
Does your tank have an air stone or other type of aeration?
Is your tank heated?
What tank mates does your betta fish live with?
What type of food do you feed your betta fish?
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Symptoms and Treatment
How has your betta fish's appearance changed?
How has your betta fish's behavior changed?
When did you start noticing the symptoms?
Have you started treating your fish? If so, how?
Does your fish have any history of being ill?
How old is your fish (approximately)?

domain: pet


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Walking hand in hand through the winding streets in suggestive Medieval cities, letting your eyes gaze upon the rolling green hills, or letting yourself be taken away by the beautiy of a Roman church under the shade of a century old cypress which evokes images of a certain regions, Tuscany. This part of Italy does not need an introduction and offers infinite alternatives for every type of traveller. Love has chosen to live in Tuscany in the warmth of a thermal bath with a glass of good wine and fresh fruit to share.
As we go further south, the sensation of warmth increases and colors become stronger and bright, and flavors are stronger as well. Sicily always arouses strong emotions and passions, and its inhabitants are also passionate about food and in welcoming all the warmth of their land. We are used to thinking of Sicily as a summer destination for its crystal clear sea and its mild climate that allows bathing until late October, but it is in winter that this island reserve more surprises. Visit the Valley of the Temples in Agrigento withouttraffic, listen to the gurgling of the hypnotic Fountain of Arethusa in Ortygia in Syracuse, get lost in the theater of Taormina or stroll to the Isola Bella in almost total solitude, are privileges that belong only to those who travel during the winter during which the climate softens the surrounding nature. Etna, puffing under a blanket of snow continues to be a perfect setting for lovers as it was in myth of Acis and Galatea in one of the many mythological love stories.
There are many lovely that unfortunately were not mentioned simply because Italy is a country so rich in beauty and prone to love to it would make this list endless ... the Beatles were right when they said "all you need is love, love is all you need," because we live in a country so extraordinary that wherever you are there will always be a frame.


The regulatory and competitive pressures the largest banks faced last year regarding overdraft fees are starting to trickle down to the nation’s smallest institutions.
It is unlikely that community banks will reduce or eliminate those fees to the same extent the financial industry saw at the nation’s biggest banks in 2022, under pressure from both the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and competitors, because community banks are more reliant on overdraft fees as a revenue source, analysts and attorneys told S&P Global Market Intelligence.
“In 2023 and beyond, you’re going to see some migration of those changes from bigger banks to smaller banks,” James Stevens, co-leader of the financial services industry group at Troutman Pepper, said in an interview. “Small banks have been looking at that and thinking about, ‘What does that mean for us?'”
Community banks depend more on these fees
U.S. community banks with between $1 billion and $10 billion in total assets have reported an increase in total overdraft-related service charges in all of the past seven quarters except for one as of Sept. 30, 2022.
Meanwhile, the median proportion of overdraft fees to operating revenue for those banks remained mostly steady since the third quarter of 2021, and dropped slightly in the third quarter of 2022 to 0.83%.
On the other hand, banks with more than $10 billion in assets have reported a decline in overdraft fee income every quarter since the fourth quarter of 2021. At Sept. 30, 2022, those banks reported $1.53 billion in overdraft-related service charges, but overdraft fees made up a median of just 0.58% of operating revenue, reflecting some of the big changes over the past year. Median overdraft fee income as a proportion of operating revenue for these banks has declined every quarter since the first quarter of 2022.
In the quarter ending Sept. 30, 2022, three community banks stood out as generating more than 10% of their operating revenue through service charges related to consumer deposits, which include overdraft fees, maintenance service charges, and ATM fees. Woodforest National Bank topped the list by earning 27.9% of its operating revenue with these charges, more than 10% above the bank in second place: Gate City Bank, which generated 16.6% of its operating revenue through these charges. Charleston, W.V.-based City National Bank of West Virginia came in third with 10.5% of its operating revenue coming from consumer deposit charges.
While community banks depend on these deposit fees more than larger competitors, they could soon be forced to rethink their overdraft fee practices, industry experts said.
“There’s certainly going to be pressure or scrutiny placed upon all institutions, no matter what size, no matter if they’re federally chartered or state-chartered,” Charlie Stutts, partner and banking specialist at law firm Holland & Knight, said in an interview. “The focus will be on enhanced disclosures, and then customer communications and resolution to those instances where they are charging the fees.”
Regulatory pressures culminating
Much like the CFPB, which regulates banks with more than $10 billion in assets, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. is gradually turning its attention to overdraft activity, experts said, though it has not announced any specific action in this area. Industry experts said the FDIC is expected to be the linchpin of the Biden administration’s efforts with small institutions.
“What we’ve been hearing from smaller banks is that they’re hearing the FDIC start to talk about overdraft,” Chris Willis, a partner with Troutman Pepper who closely follows bank regulation issues, told S&P Global Market Intelligence.
The shift in attitude toward overdraft practices has put examiners “between a rock and a hard place,” according to Jeff Naimon, a partner who works with banks and nonbanks at Buckley LLP.
“A lot of the long-time examiners are looking at long-time deposit practices of the banks they supervise and are surprised when all of a sudden, [the practices are] being questioned as potentially illegal,” he said.
Community banks are also stuck between a rock and a hard place as they see the CFPB’s efforts creating a national conversation on overdraft, which forces them to make difficult decisions in a competitive environment, according to Steven Simpson, a bank adviser at Cornerstone.
“It’s a tough equation for banks. They really have to dance on that razor’s edge,” he said.
While the FDIC’s focus may not be as sharp as the CFPB’s crackdown on the larger banks, prudential regulators are starting to push their regulated banks “to go in that direction,” Willis said.
Specific states are also starting to pay close attention to overdraft fees.
California Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom approved a bill in September 2022 that requires state-chartered banks and credit unions to annually report to the state what they earned from overdraft fees and nonsufficient funds fees. They also must provide the percentage of revenue comprised of those fees. Those banks have until March 1 to submit the information to The California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, and the data will be released to the public.
Prior to that, only banks with more than $1 billion in assets are required to disclose overdraft income information to federal regulators.
Competitive pressure is growing too, experts told S&P Global Market Intelligence. As a significant part of that, financial technology companies are luring in increasing numbers of customers, advertising low or no fees for banking services that can be conducted entirely online.
“That’s a big issue at big banks and small banks,” Naimon said. “The fintechs are making those offers, and they’re getting a lot of customers. Some banks are operating on outdated technology, and much of the world is operating on new technology. Community banks are facing not only a tech issue, but a fee issue, so they’re facing kind of a two-front battle.”
With pressure building from many directions, smaller banks need to be looking forward.
“Change is coming,” Troutman Pepper’s Stevens said. “It’s going to be driven ultimately by regulatory and competitive pressure. Now is the time to start figuring out what works for your institution, and what you want to do to the extent that you rely on fees, what products and services you can add.”
Hesitant to give up fee income
Though regulatory and competitive pressures are trickling down to community banks, they are unlikely to make changes as dramatic as those made by the biggest banks last year, Willis said. However, they are re-examining their overdraft fee practices, experts said.
“We’re seeing banks look at and assess both the circumstances in which they charge customers, whether they can provide a little bit more grace one way or the other for the customers,” Naimon said.
Community banks are looking at how much they charge and “whether they feel that’s appropriate in light of market changes,” Naimon said.
But community banks are unlikely to give up overdraft fee income completely, experts said. Instead, they are looking at new services that would allow them to give customers a break on overdraft while the bank continues to generate revenue, according to Capco managing principal Adrian Ungureanu.
Some banks are putting in place monthly fees to cover overdrafts and insufficient fund transactions. They have realized that consumers “are not opposed to paying for services as long as they’re justified in the value of it,” he told S&P Global.
A good option could be to garner clues from larger banks, Ungureanu said. For example, he said, Wells Fargo & Co. is now offering a “flex loan” for customers in amounts of either $250 or $500 for a flat fee of $12 or $20 as part of its overdraft overhaul. That provides flexibility and relief to consumers while it continues to bring in money, he added.


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League of Women Voters: Voting is key to community transformation
The League of Women Voters of Greater Rockford thanks all the candidates who made the commitment to run for office in the April 7 election. We congratulate those who were elected to serve. Candidates work hard and usually spend significant time and their own resources in the campaign. They often recruit family and friends for financial support, to help with yard signs, and share their message. Serving in public office requires serious time and commitment, even though most of these positions provide no monetary compensation.
Some of the offices up for election were not high profile positions and there were no state or national offices on the ballot. However, people elected to the Rockford Park District, Rock Valley College board of trustees, Rockford and other area school boards and as village trustees and aldermen are collectively responsible for making decisions about hundreds of millions of our taxpayer dollars. We believe that local elected offices have as much impact on the people of our communities as state and national representatives. In this time of fiscal constraint, selecting officials who will be good stewards of taxpayer money, while balancing community needs, deserves careful consideration by voters who will live with their choices for the next two to four years.
Some may find it challenging to learn about the candidates who are running for local offices. As voters, we no longer have to wait for newspaper endorsements or profiles to learn about the candidates and help us make our decisions. We can be proactive and learn information about each candidate online. Many candidates have a website or at least a Facebook page. A simple Google search of each candidate and their intended office is sure to provide voters some useful information. The League of Women Voters is exploring ways to make this information more accessible, but voters still need to engage in the process.
The turnout for the April 7 election in the city of Rockford was historically low, with 6 percent of voters casting a ballot. There are 78,276 registered voters in Rockford, and 4,763 voted on April 7. The league has reviewed the numbers for the precincts, which ranged from 17 voters (1.85 percent turnout) to 120 (13.95 percent turnout). The turnout outside Rockford in Winnebago County was not much higher, about 10 percent. The mayor of South Beloit was elected with 376 write-in votes, and the village president in Roscoe was elected with 357 votes, only 28 votes more than the next candidate.
The league thanks the citizens who served long days as election judges. Staffing the many polling places takes an extended amount of human capital. In view of this, we are concerned about the human and the financial resources required to gather votes from only 10 percent of the voting population.
One of the most simple and fundamental expressions of civic engagement is voting. Voter turnout does make a difference. The LWVGR is committed to registering new voters and promoting voter participation. In 2014, the league registered 484 new voters. League representatives registered new citizens at naturalization ceremonies and new young voters in almost every high school in this region. If the Rockford area is going to transform into a better place, it starts with turning interest into action. Interest in who our elected officials will be. Interest in taking time to vote for the people who have committed to run and will represent us.
To get involved in voter registration, or other League activities, please go to www.lwvgr.org for membership information. We encourage and welcome any citizen who shares the goal of making democracy work.


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A poem by James Croal Jackson
I equate falsities with wheat; groves as tea-
leaves in lands of blue sun. I confuse distance
with fair weather– idols in my mind: the beach
or Joshua trees. Golden fields have I never tilled.
Toiled, yes, in my lugubrious way, driving through
vast swaths of America, pasteurized pastures often
teeming with cows. Thinking of scale, it is
impossible to be upset at mathematics. But
I do aim anger at trajectory. For years I had
my eyes closed, pointed at a spinning globe.
When I opened them, in Mom’s basement,
my feet were planted where I remembered.
James Croal Jackson (he/him) is a Filipino-American poet who works in film production. He has two chapbooks, Our Past Leaves (Kelsay Books, 2021) and The Frayed Edge of Memory (Writing Knights Press, 2017). He edits The Mantle Poetry from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Check out his website.