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STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF INTERNET CARRIAGE SERVICES
1. Introduction, Definitions and Interpretation
1.1. This Agreement sets out the terms and conditions under which Aryon Pty Ltd agrees to provide the Service to the Customer.
1.2. This Agreement includes:
(1) The Service Order Form;
(2) the Customer Terms set out in this document and which apply to all Services;
(3) the Additional Services Addendum; and
(4) any other terms and/or conditions in relation to the Service that the Customer receives from Aryon Pty Ltd, as amended by Aryon Pty Ltd in accordance with this Agreement
1.3. If there is any inconsistency between the documents listed in clause 1.2, the order of priority (to the extent of any inconsistency) will be:
(1) any other terms and/or conditions in relation to the Service that the Customer receives from Aryon
(2) the Service Order Form;
(3) the Additional Services Addendum ; and
(4) the Customer Terms set out in this document.
1.4. The scope of the Service provided to the Customer will be determined by the options the Customer has selected on the Service Order Form.
1.5. In this Agreement a term defined in the Service Order Form has that meaning and:
(1) Acceptable Use Policy means the acceptable use policy provided by Aryon Pty Ltd to the Customer from time to time.
(2) Additional Services means services agreed to be provided to the Customer by Aryon Pty Ltd pursuant to an Additional Services Addendum;
(3) Additional Services Addendum means a document with that title executed by Aryon Pty Ltd and the Customer;
(4) Agreement means the Customer Terms, the Service Order Form, any Additional Services Addendum and any schedule or annexure to this document;
(5) Basic Support Services means the services set out in clause 4;
(6) Business Day means a day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or any other day which is a public holiday or a bank holiday in the place where an act is to be performed or a payment is to be made;
(7) Cancellation Fee means the Minimum Fees minus all Charges actually paid by the Customer monthly (or annually in advance) during the Initial Term prior to termination (where termination of this Agreement occurs during the Initial Term) or during the Renewal Term prior to termination (where termination of this Agreement occurs during the Renewal Term);
(8) Carrier has the same meaning as under the Telecommunications Act;
(9) Carriage Service Provider has the same meaning as under the Telecommunications Act;
(10) Charges means the amounts payable by the Customer for the supply of the Services as set forth or referred to in the Service Order Form and may include third party charges;
(11) Confidential Information means any private, secret, financial, technical, business or confidential information which is disclosed by either party pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement (whether orally or in writing and whether or not such information is expressly stated to be confidential or marked as such) and includes information comprised in or relating to any Intellectual Property Rights of the party;
(12) Consequential Loss means:
(a) loss of revenue, loss of profits, loss of anticipated savings or business, pure economic loss, loss of data, loss of value of equipment, loss of opportunity or expectation loss and any other form of consequential, special, indirect, punitive or exemplary loss or damages; and
(b) any penalties or fines imposed by a Regulator;
(13) Contractor means any contractor, sub-contractor, agent or nominee engaged or arranged by Aryon Pty Ltd to supply the Service;
(14) Customer’s Authorised Personnel means the employees of the Customer agreed between the Customer and Aryon Pty Ltd from time to time;
(15) Customer Equipment means any equipment not supplied by Aryon Pty Ltd;
(16) Direct Debit Request Form means the form requesting direct debit or credit card payments as prescribed by Aryon Pty Ltd from time to time;
(17) Dispute means a dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement including without limitation a dispute as to breach or termination of this Agreement or as to any claim in tort, in equity or pursuant to any law;
(18) Equipment means the equipment, such as routers and splitters, identified in the Service Order Form (other than any equipment identified therein as being sold to the Customer) and the equipment and cabling, if any, referred to in clause 8.1;
(19) Aryon Pty Ltd Network means the Network, equipment, facilities and cabling used by Aryon Pty Ltd to supply the Service;
(20) Initial Term has the meaning set out in the Service Order Form;
(21) Insolvency Event means:
(a) bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against the Customer, or the Customer is declared bankrupt;
(b) any step is taken to enter into any scheme of arrangement between the Customer and its creditors;
(c) any step is taken by a mortgagee to enter into possession or dispose of the whole or any part of the Customer’s assets or business;
(d) any step is taken to appoint a receiver, a receiver and manager, a trustee in bankruptcy, a liquidator, an administrator or other like person to the Customer or to the whole or any part of the Customer;
(e) the Customer suspends payment of its debts generally; or
(f) the Customer is or becomes unable to pay its debts when they are due or the Customer is or is presumed to be insolvent for the purposes of any provision of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).
(22) Intellectual Property Rights means all vested contingent and future intellectual property rights including but not limited to goodwill, reputation, rights in confidential information, copyright, trade marks, logos, service marks, devices, plans, models, diagrams, specifications, source and object code materials, data and processes, design rights, patents, know how, trade secrets, inventions, get up, database rights (whether registered or unregistered) or registrations for the protection of these rights and all renewals and extensions thereof existing in any part of the world whether now known or in the future created;
(23) Minimum Fees means the Minimum Fees, if any, set forth on the Service Order Form against the particular Service
(24) Network means a system or series of systems that carries or is capable of carrying communications (including data);
(25) New Service means any service other than the Services offered from the outset of this Agreement by Aryon Pty Ltd in accordance with this Agreement;
(26) Personal information means information or opinion about the Customer from which the Customer’s identity is apparent or can reasonably be ascertained and includes name, address, service number, personal or commercial credit rating or credit information;
(27) Personnel includes directors, officers, employees, agents and contractors;
(28) Premises means the Premises for the location of the Services;
(30) Regulator means any government or statutory body or authority including but not limited to the Australian Communications & Media Authority, the Australian Competition and Consumer
Commission, the Australian Communications Industry Forum Limited and the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman;
(31) Renewal Term means the period of 12 months commencing on: (a) the expiration of the Initial Term; or (b) where the Agreement has automatically renewed in accordance with clause 2.3, the expiration of the then current term;
(32) Security means the security requested by Aryon Pty Ltd;
(33) Service means the service requested by the Customer as indicated in a Service Order Form and includes the Basic Support Services and Additional Services (if any);
(34) Service Order Form means the order form for Services or New Services in the form prescribed by Aryon Pty Ltd and signed by the Customer;
(35) Service Start Date means the date from which Aryon Pty Ltd commences the supply of the Service to the Customer;
(36) Subsequent Legislation means after the Operative Date;
(a) amendments to or repeals of any statute, ordinance, code, law or service provider rule;
(b) a directive of a regulatory body; and
(c) registration or determination of a new industry standard or industry code;
(37) Supplier means a provider of telecommunications or internet services and may include a Carrier or a Carriage Service Provider but excludes Aryon Pty Ltd;
(38) Supplier Network means any Network, equipment, facilities or cabling controlled by a telecommunications supplier other than Aryon Pty Ltd;
(39) Telecommunications Act means Telecommunications Act 1997 (Cth);
(40) Term means the Initial Term set forth in the Service Order Form and any continuation thereof in accordance with clauses 2.3 or 2.4.
(41) Availability Target means the percentage of time that the Service is available in a calendar month as a function of total time in the month less any Restoration Times and less any scheduled maintenance time.
(1) Reference to:
(a) one gender includes the others;
(b) the singular includes the plural and the plural includes the singular;
(c) a person includes a body corporate;
(d) a party includes the party’s executors, administrators, successors and permitted assigns;
(e) a statute, regulation or provision of a statute or regulation (Statutory Provision) includes:
(i) that Statutory Provision as amended or re-enacted;
(ii) a statute, regulation or provision enacted in replacement of that Statutory Provision; and
(iii) another regulation or other statutory instrument made or issued under that Statutory
(iv) money is to Australian dollars, unless otherwise stated.
(2) “Including” and similar expressions are not words of limitation.
(3) Where a word or expression is given a particular meaning, other parts of speech and grammatical forms of that word or expression have a corresponding meaning.
(4) Headings and any table of contents or index are for convenience only and do not form part of this Agreement or affect its interpretation.
(5) A provision of this Agreement must not be construed to the disadvantage of a party merely because that party was responsible for the preparation of the Agreement or the inclusion of the provision in the Agreement.
(6) If an act must be done on a specified day which is not a Business Day, it must be done instead on the next Business Day.
(1) If a party consists of more than 1 person, this Agreement binds each of them separately and any 2 or
more of them jointly.
(2) An obligation, representation or warranty in favour of more than 1 person is for the benefit of them
separately and jointly.
(3) A party which is a trustee is bound both personally and in its capacity as a trustee.
2.1. This Agreement commences on the date Aryon Pty Ltd begins supplying the Service or the Customer accesses the Service.
2.2. This Agreement commences in accordance with clause 2.1 and, subject to earlier termination in accordance with this Agreement, continues until the end of the Initial Term.
2.3. Subject to earlier termination in accordance with this Agreement, this Agreement automatically renews for the Renewal Term at the end of:
(1) the Initial Term; and
(2) any subsequent Renewal Term,
2.4. unless either party gives not less than 20 Business Days’ written notice of its intention not to renew the Agreement prior to the end of the then current term.
2.5. Where there has been no automatic renewal in accordance with clause 2.3 and the Customer has continued to use the Service, this Agreement will continue until terminated in accordance with this Agreement or until either party gives to the other 20 Business Days written notice to terminate.
3. Provision of Services
3.1. The Customer must sign a Service Order Form requesting that Aryon Pty Ltd provide the Service in accordance with this Agreement.
3.2. Aryon Pty Ltd will supply the Service subject to accepting a Customer’s Service Order Form. Aryon Pty Ltd may refuse the Customer Service Order Form or accept the Customer Service Order Form subject to requiring the Customer to provide a Security.
3.3. Aryon Pty Ltd’s acceptance of the Customer’s Services Order Form will be notified to the Customer by email or by telephone followed, in each case, by Aryon Pty Ltd providing the Service to the Customer.
3.4. Aryon Pty Ltd will use its reasonable endeavours to supply the Service from the Service Start Date.
3.5. The Customer acknowledges that Aryon Pty Ltd has no liability for charges incurred by the Customer to another Supplier prior to the applicable Service Start Date.
3.6. The Customer acknowledges that Aryon Pty Ltd :
(1) has the right to decide how the Service is provided, select the Suppliers, port any Service to Aryon Pty Ltd’s preferred Suppliers or to arrange least cost routing of traffic;
(2) has the right to carry out any actions necessary or incidental to give effect to this clause (including signing and submitting on the Customer’s behalf any necessary authority forms or other details required to provide the Service);
(3) may vary the terms of this Agreement if required in order to be consistent with any agreement between Aryon Pty Ltd and a Supplier provided such variation does not have a material adverse effect on the Service;
(4) may engage Contractors or other Suppliers to supply some or all of the Service; and
(5) vary the specifications of the Service (including the way in which Aryon Pty Ltd delivers the Service to the Customer) without giving the Customer any notice of such variation, provided that such variation has no material adverse impact on the reliability or performance of the Service.
3.7. Aryon Pty Ltd is not responsible for any fault which is within a Supplier Network.
3.8. The Customer may be contacted by a Supplier in connection with installing a Service in the Premises.
3.9. The Customer acknowledges that:
(1) Aryon Pty Ltd does not guarantee a timeframe for restoration of the Customer’s internet Service
should it fail;
(2) Aryon Pty Ltd does not guarantee that the internet Service will be supplied uninterrupted or error
(3) Aryon Pty Ltd may not be able to meet a request from the Customer to provide the Customer with information about usage of The Customer’s internet Service (such as information about websites accessed);
(4) Aryon Pty Ltd does not have to monitor use of the internet Service, whether by the Customer or any other person. If, however, Aryon Pty Ltd does monitor use of the internet Service, Aryon Pty Ltd can cease the monitoring at any time. Aryon Pty Ltd may monitor use of the internet Service to determine whether the Customer is complying with Aryon Pty Ltd’s Acceptable Use Policy or to investigate either a breach or suspected breach of Aryon Pty Ltd’s Acceptable Use Policy;
(5) Aryon Pty Ltd is not under any obligation to enforce its Acceptable Use Policy or any other policy that applies to any person using services provided by Aryon Pty Ltd; and (6) Aryon Pty Ltd is not responsible for any loss caused by equipment provided by a third party (i.e. someone other than Aryon Pty Ltd).
4. Provision of Basic Support Services
4.1. Aryon Pty Ltd will provide the Customer with access to a help desk.
4.2. The help desk will be available during the hours of 8.00am to 5.00pm, Monday to Friday only (excluding public holidays in the State or Territory in which the Services are to be performed).
4.3. The Customer can contact the help desk:
(1) via phone on: (07) 3414 0630 or such other telephone number notified by Aryon Pty Ltd from time to
(2) via email to the address: firstname.lastname@example.org or such other email address notified by Aryon Pty Ltd from time to time.
4.4. The Customer’s Authorised Personnel may contact the help desk for assistance on any of the following relating to the Service:
(1) report minor faults, raise queries and receive assistance concerning outages, inability to connect to the Service and network performance;
(2) raise technical issues; and
(3) amendments to services, provisioning, installations, adds moves and changes to the service;
4.5. Aryon Pty Ltd will, in its absolute discretion, determine whether the assistance sought by the Customer falls within the description of the Basic Support Services set out in clause 4.4 where the help sought by the Customer does not form part of such Basic Support Services the Customer shall pay Aryon Pty Ltd additional charges at the then applicable Aryon Pty Ltd engineering rates.
4.6. Aryon Pty Ltd’s help desk will use its reasonable endeavours to provide assistance but Aryon Pty Ltd is not under any obligation to fix the faults, issues or queries raised.
5. Customer’s Use of the Service
5.1. In using the Service, the Customer must comply with:
(1) all laws; and
(2) all directions by a Regulator; and
(3) the Acceptable Use Policy; and
(4) any reasonable directions by Aryon Pty Ltd.
5.2. The Customer must not use or attempt to use the Service:
(1) to break any law or applicable code of conduct or to infringe another person’s rights;
(2) to expose Aryon Pty Ltd to liability or bring Aryon Pty Ltd into disrepute;
(3) in any way which damages, interferes with or interrupts the Service or the Aryon Pty Ltd Network or a Supplier Network;
(4) in any way which may damage any property or injure or kill any person;
(5) to transmit, publish or communicate material which is defamatory, offensive, abusive, indecent, menacing or unwanted;
(6) to knowingly transmit information which contains viruses or other harmful components or send email that may destroy or damage an email recipient’s computer;
(7) send excessive unsolicited data to third parties; or
(8) to engage in any activities in such a manner as to expose Aryon Pty Ltd or a Supplier to liability.
5.3. The Customer acknowledges that Aryon Pty Ltd may be required to intercept communications over the Service and may also monitor the Customer’s usage of the Service and communications sent over it for the purposes of complying with its obligation under any law or at the direction of a Regulator.
5.4. The parties agree to exchange information and co-operate in relation to:
(1) the prevention, minimisation and investigation of fraudulent use or misuse of the Services; or
(2) theft of any Equipment; or
(3) network or telecommunications fraud.
5.5. A party is not obliged to exchange information or co-operate if, in its reasonable opinion, the other party does not comply with or does not have sufficient procedures to comply with, privacy laws.
5.6. The Customer acknowledges that Aryon Pty Ltd makes no warranty in relation to the performance or characteristics of any software or other matter or thing supplied in connection with the Service.
5.7. The Customer must not contact any of Aryon Pty Ltd’s Suppliers or Contractors with regards the Service. If the Customer has any questions or complaints about the Service, including reporting faults, the Customer
must contact Aryon Pty Ltd only.
5.8. The Customer must ensure that any Personnel who use the Service do so in compliance with this Agreement.
6. Modification of Service
6.1. Aryon Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify or substitute any Service. If the resulting change to the Service has a material adverse effect on the functionality of that Service the Customer may notify Aryon Pty Ltd in writing within 20 Business Days of the change clearly substantiating the existence and nature of the material adverse effect. If Aryon Pty Ltd determines that there is a material adverse effect and fails to correct it within 15 Business Days following receipt of the Customer’s written notice, the Customer may terminate that Service with 60 days’ written notice to Aryon Pty Ltd without incurring any Cancellation Fee.
7. Maintenance of Network
7.1. Aryon Pty Ltd, a Supplier or another may conduct maintenance on the Aryon Pty Ltd Network or the Supplier’s Network and this will affect the performance of the Services. Aryon Pty Ltd will use its reasonable endeavours to conduct scheduled maintenance on the Aryon Pty Ltd Network outside normal business hours (AEST).
8. Equipment and Customer Equipment
8.1. Aryon Pty Ltd may need to install equipment and cabling on the Customer’s Premises. The Customer authorises Aryon Pty Ltd and Aryon Pty Ltd’s Contractors to:
(1) enter the Premises for the purpose of performing the obligations of Aryon Pty Ltd under this Agreement;
(2) install, disconnect, maintain, repair and replace any part of such equipment and cabling;
(3) connect such equipment and cabling to any equipment in order to enable Aryon Pty Ltd to deliver the Service; and
(4) enter the Premises and take all steps reasonably necessary to fulfil Aryon Pty Ltd’s obligations to recover such Equipment on termination of the Service.
8.2. If the Customer does not own the Customer’s Premises where the Service is to be installed, the Customer warrants that they have notified the owner of those Customer’s Premises and obtained all necessary permissions to enable Aryon Pty Ltd to deliver the Service and for the Customer to confer on Aryon Pty Ltd all rights under this Agreement.
8.3. The Customer agrees to provide Aryon Pty Ltd or Aryon Pty Ltd’s Contractors with safe, sufficient and timely access to the Premises to perform the obligations of Aryon Pty Ltd under this Agreement.
8.4. The Customer agrees to indemnify Aryon Pty Ltd against any damage, expense, loss or liability, including Consequential Loss, that Aryon Pty Ltd incurs arising out of Aryon Pty Ltd or Aryon Pty Ltd’s Contractors entering the Premises to perform the obligations of Aryon Pty Ltd under this Agreement.
8.5. All Equipment remains the property of Aryon Pty Ltd (or its nominee) and, in the case of Equipment (other than the equipment and cabling referred to in clause 8.1) must be returned to Aryon Pty Ltd upon the termination of this Agreement.
8.6. The Equipment must only be used to access the Service provided under this Agreement at the Premises to which Aryon Pty Ltd (or its nominee) installs the Equipment.
8.7. The Customer authorises Aryon Pty Ltd and/or Aryon Pty Ltd’s Contractors or will ensure authorisation for Aryon Pty Ltd or Aryon Pty Ltd’s Contractors to disconnect, install or make amendments to any routers, telephone lines, equipment or cabling at the Customer’s Premises for Aryon Pty Ltd to provide the Services.
8.8. The Customer acknowledges that except for any equipment (being equipment supplied by Aryon Pty Ltd), Aryon Pty Ltd is not in any way whatsoever responsible for or liable for any equipment used with the Service, including the Customers Equipment.
8.9. The Customer acknowledges that:
(1) Aryon Pty Ltd is providing the Equipment to the Customer for the purposes of the supply of the Service;
(2) the Customer will have no right, title or interest in the Equipment, including any right to deal with the Equipment;
(3) the Customer accepts the risk in the Equipment from the time that Aryon Pty Ltd provides the Equipment to the Customer; and
(4) Aryon Pty Ltd may, at any time and for any reason, retain possession of the Equipment.
8.10. The Customer must not, and must not attempt, under any circumstances to sell, transfer, lease or otherwise deal with the Equipment.
8.11. While the Equipment is on the Customer’s Premises, the Customer must take reasonable care to keep the Equipment secure and safe from theft, vandalism and damage.
8.12. The Customer must ensure that any Customer Equipment used in connection with the Service:
(1) has all necessary regulatory approvals;
(2) complies with all applicable regulatory standards; and
(3) is capable of operating with the Service.
8.13. Aryon Pty Ltd may require the Customer to immediately cease using and disconnect the Customer Equipment or if the Customer fails to do so, Aryon Pty Ltd may disconnect the Customer Equipment from the Service if:
(1) there are faults with the Customer Equipment causing interference with the Service;
(2) the Customer fails to comply with this clause; or
(3) Aryon Pty Ltd reasonably considers that the Customer Equipment may:
(a) cause death or personal injury;
(b) cause damage to Aryon Pty Ltd property or the property of a third party; or
(c) materially impair the operation of the Aryon Pty Ltd Network or a Supplier Network.
9. Transfer of service
9.1. If Aryon Pty Ltd is requested by the Customer to transfer to Aryon Pty Ltd a Customer’s service provided by another Supplier, the Customer:
(1) authorises Aryon Pty Ltd to notify the Customer’s other service Supplier and sign on the Customer’s behalf any authorisation required to transfer the Customer’s service to Aryon Pty Ltd;
(2) if requested by Aryon Pty Ltd, will give written instructions to the Customer’s other Supplier to transfer the service from the Customer’s name to Aryon Pty Ltd; and
(3) must immediately pay the other Supplier all amounts owing on the transferred services.
10. Intellectual Property Rights
10.1. The Customer acknowledges that nothing in this Agreement is intended to give the Customer any Intellectual Property Rights in, or other rights in respect of, any trade marks, copyright, business names, logos, trading styles, processes, methodologies or other intellectual property of Aryon Pty Ltd or its affiliate Aryon Pty Ltd.
10.2. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the Customer has no rights in respect of any Intellectual Property Rights of Aryon Pty Ltd or its affiliate Aryon Pty Ltd.
11.1. In consideration of providing the Services the Customer must pay Aryon Pty Ltd the Charges for the Services and must pay any Cancellation Fee.
12. Invoices and Payment
12.1. Unless otherwise agreed, Aryon Pty Ltd may invoice the Customer:
(1) for any installation charges, after installation;
(2) for variable charges, in arrears;
(3) for recurring or fixed charges, in advance;
(4) for any Equipment the Customer purchases from, or leases from, Aryon Pty Ltd, on or after delivery; and
(5) otherwise as notified by Aryon Pty Ltd from time to time.
12.2. Subject to clause 13, the Customer will pay each invoice by the due date specified in the invoice or as notified by Aryon Pty Ltd from time to time.
12.3. If the Customer fails to pay the Charges in accordance with this Agreement, Aryon Pty Ltd may:
(1) set off any sums owing to it against any Security;
(2) charge interest at a rate of 2% plus the National Australia Bank overdraft indicator base rate or such other comparable rate chosen by Aryon Pty Ltd;
(3) suspend Services in accordance with this Agreement;
(4) cancel Services in accordance with this Agreement; and/or
(5) terminate this Agreement.
12.4. The Customer acknowledges that Aryon Pty Ltd will use its reasonable endeavours to include in the Customer’s invoice all Charges for the Services in the applicable billing period. Customer acknowledges that this may not always occur because Aryon Pty Ltd receives an invoice for a Service that is supplied by another Supplier. The Customer further acknowledges that Aryon Pty Ltd may include these unbilled Charges in any later invoice or invoices.
12.5. Aryon Pty Ltd may provide the Customer with an option to pay the Charges for the Services by credit card. If the Customer chooses to provide Aryon Pty Ltd with the Customers’ credit card details for the purposes of paying the Charges, Aryon Pty Ltd may:
(1) bill all Charges to the Customers’ credit card including all credit card transaction surcharges charges to Aryon Pty Ltd by the credit card company as a result of payment being made by credit card;
(2) disclose the Customers credit card details to, and obtain information from, any financial institution or credit card issuer to verify the credit card details;
(3) steps to verify that the Customer hold sufficient credit on the Customers’ credit card to meet the likely Charges; and
(4) charge any Cancellation Fee payable pursuant to this Agreement.
13. Direct Debit
13.1. The Customer acknowledges and warrants that:
(1) the information in the Direct Debit Request Form is correct and the nominated account will accept direct debits;
(2) it will notify Aryon Pty Ltd in writing if the Customer wishes to change any direct debit payments.
13.2. If a Customer wishes to dispute a debit that has been made from the Customer’s nominated account, the Customer must immediately contact Aryon Pty Ltd with the nature of the dispute. On receipt of such notification Aryon Pty Ltd will use reasonable endeavours to respond within 5 Business Days.
13.3. If Aryon Pty Ltd determines that the Customer’s nominated account was incorrectly debited, then Aryon Pty Ltd will provide the Customer with details of its findings and make any necessary adjustments.
13.4. The Customer must ensure that sufficient cleared funds are available in the Customer’s nominated account on the debit date. If there are insufficient funds and the Customer’s financial institution dishonours the direct debit payment, then the Customer will be liable for any charges and tax on those charges incurred by Aryon Pty Ltd.
13.5. The Customer acknowledges that if the debit date is on a weekend or public holiday in Queensland, then Aryon Pty Ltd will process the payment on the next Business Day.
14. Goods and services tax
14.1. In this clause:
(1) GST means GST as defined in A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 as amended (GST Act) or any replacement or other relevant legislation and regulations;
(2) words used in this clause which have a particular meaning in the GST law (as defined in the GST Act, and also including any applicable legislative determinations and Australian Taxation Office public rulings) have the same meaning, unless the context otherwise requires;
(3) any reference to GST payable by a party includes any corresponding GST payable by the representative member of any GST group of which that party is a member; and
(4) if the GST law treats part of a supply as a separate supply for the purpose of determining whether GST is payable on that part of the supply or for the purpose of determining the tax period to which that part of the supply is attributable, such part of the supply is to be treated as a separate supply.
14.2. Unless GST is expressly included, the consideration expressed to be payable under any other clause of this Agreement for any supply made under or in connection with this Agreement does not include GST.
14.3. To the extent that any supply made under or in connection with this Agreement is a taxable supply, the GST exclusive consideration otherwise payable for that supply is increased by an amount equal to that consideration multiplied by the rate at which GST is imposed in respect of the supply, and is payable at the same time.
14.4. Each party agrees to do all things, including providing tax invoices and other documentation, that may be necessary or desirable to enable or assist the other party to claim any input tax credit, adjustment or refund in relation to any amount of GST paid or payable in respect of any supply made under or in connection with this Agreement.
14.5. If a payment to a party under this Agreement is a payment by way of reimbursement or indemnity and is calculated by reference to the GST inclusive amount of a loss, cost or expense incurred by that party, then the payment is to be reduced by the amount of any input tax credit to which that party is entitled in respect of that loss, cost or expense before any adjustment is made for GST pursuant to clause 14.3.
15. Disputed Invoices
15.1. If the Customer wishes to dispute any invoice the Customer will within 10 days of the date of the invoice notify Aryon Pty Ltd of the nature of the dispute.
15.2. If Aryon Pty Ltd does not receive notification of the dispute from the Customer within a 14 day period, the Customer will be deemed to have accepted the Charges by the invoice due date.
15.3. If the dispute is determined by Aryon Pty Ltd (in its reasonable opinion) all withheld Charges will become due and payable in accordance with the notification by Aryon Pty Ltd of its investigations with regards to the raised billing dispute.
16. Credit Management and Security
16.1. Aryon Pty Ltd may at any time review the Customer’s creditworthiness by requesting information from a credit reporting agency. The Customer consents to Aryon Pty Ltd providing any Personal Information required by the nominated credit reporting agency.
16.2. The Customer agrees that it will cooperate with any creditworthiness review required by Aryon Pty Ltd including providing such information and authorisations required by Aryon Pty Ltd.
16.3. From time to time Aryon Pty Ltd may require the Customer to provide a Security.
16.4. Aryon Pty Ltd may apply the whole or any part of any Security to satisfy any amount the Customer is required to pay Aryon Pty Ltd from to time and that is overdue.
16.5. In accordance with Aryon Pty Ltd’s assessment policies, Aryon Pty Ltd may set credit limits or require the Customer at any time to pay a Security.
16.6. Aryon Pty Ltd will return the Customer’s Security to the Customer upon termination of the Customer’saccount (subject to the Customer having paid all amounts owing under the Agreement).
16.7. For the avoidance of doubt and for the purposes of this Agreement, any Security provided in accordance with this clause, is not subject to GST.
17. Personal Information
17.1. Aryon Pty Ltd may collect, use and disclose Personal Information about the Customer to decide whether to supply the Service (or for purposes which would be reasonably expected of an internet access and internet service supplier).
17.2. Aryon Pty Ltd may collect, use and disclose Personal Information about the Customer or the supply of the Service to or from:
(1) a credit reporting agency;
(2) a credit provider;
(3) third parties who are not related to Aryon Pty Ltd, including Contractors and distributors; and
(4) Suppliers who need access to the Customer’s Personal Information so as to provide Aryon Pty Ltd with services to allow supply of the Service to the Customer.
17.3. The Customer acknowledges that Aryon Pty Ltd may be required by law to collect, use or disclose Personal Information about the Customer including for reasons relating to law enforcement agencies.
17.4. Aryon Pty Ltd may use, process or transfer Personal Information of the Customer:
(1) in connection with provisioning of the Service;
(2) to incorporate Personal Information into databases controlled by Aryon Pty Ltd with the administration, provisioning, billing and verification of the Customer’s identity and solvency,
maintenance support and product development, fraud detection and prevention, sales revenue and customer analysis and reporting and market and customer use analysis;
(3) to communicate to the Customer about products and services of Aryon Pty Ltd or its partners by means of:
(c) facsimile; or
from time to time.
18.1. During the Term of this Agreement and after its termination, the parties will:
(1) use their best endeavours to keep all Confidential Information confidential and accordingly not disclose any Confidential Information to any other person;
(2) not use any Confidential Information for any purpose other than the performance of its obligations under this Agreement; and
(3) be responsible for the activities of any properly appointed sub contractors or subsidiaries and undertake that they will be bound to the same extent of confidentiality as this clause.
18.2. The provisions of clause 18.1 will not apply to:
(1) any information in the public domain otherwise than by breach of this Agreement;
(2) information that was known by a party on a non-confidential basis prior to disclosure of it by the disclosing party;
(3) information obtained without restriction from a third party; and
(4) information required to be disclosed by a court of competent jurisdiction, governmental body or applicable regulatory authority.
18.3. The Customer acknowledges that the contents of the Agreement and any pricing or product information provided by Aryon Pty Ltd (including in any proposal), constitutes commercially sensitive and Confidential Information, except to the extent to that it is published on a publicly available portion of the website. The Customer agrees not to disclose that information to any third party without Aryon Pty Ltd’s prior written consent, unless legally compelled to do so and then only after providing notice to Aryon Pty Ltd of the making of that order.
19. Force Majeure
19.1. Neither party will have any liability under or be deemed to be in breach of this Agreement for any delays or failures in performance of this Agreement (excluding any obligation to pay), which result from circumstances beyond the reasonable control of that party. If such circumstances continue for a continuous period of more than 10 Business Days, either party may terminate this Agreement by written notice to the other party.
20. Aryon Pty Ltd’s Right to Suspend or Cancel a Service
20.1. Aryon Pty Ltd may, without liability, immediately cancel or suspend a Service if:
(1) there is an emergency;
(2) it is necessary to allow Aryon Pty Ltd or a Supplier to:
(b) maintain; or
(c) service any part of the Aryon Pty Ltd Network or a Supplier Network used to supply the Service;
(3) the Customer breaches clause 5.1 or clause 5.2;
(4) the Customer has failed to provide the Security requested by Aryon Pty Ltd;
(5) Aryon Pty Ltd reasonably suspects fraud by the Customer or any other person in connection with the Service;
(6) Aryon Pty Ltd or its affiliate Aryon Pty Ltd is required to do so to comply with a Regulator or a direction by a competent authority;
(7) problems are experienced interconnecting the Aryon Pty Ltd Network with any Supplier Network;
(8) a Supplier terminates its agreement with Aryon Pty Ltd, or ceases to supply Services to Aryon Pty
Ltd and Aryon Pty Ltd is unable to provide Service using an alternate Supplier on terms reasonably acceptable to Aryon Pty Ltd;
(9) the Customer is subject to an Insolvency Event;
(10) has reasonable grounds to believe that the Customer will not or is unable to make any payment which is due or is to fall due to Aryon Pty Ltd;
(11) has reasonable grounds to believe that the volume of traffic from the Customer (or traffic distribution patterns to individual cities and countries) results in a lower than industry-standard completion rate, severely abnormal or disproportionate distribution of traffic by city, or other similar abnormality which adversely affects the Aryon Pty Ltd Network (including but not limited to a looping situation in which the Customer’s traffic is delivered by Aryon Pty Ltd to another carrier for termination and ultimately returned to Aryon Pty Ltd); or
(12) Aryon Pty Ltd is otherwise entitled to do so under this Agreement.
21. Withdrawal of Service
21.1. Aryon Pty Ltd may, without liability, cease to supply a Service, or a part of a Service, to the Customer by giving the Customer not less than 20 Business Day’s written notice of cessation.
21.2. If such cessation will have a material adverse effect on the business of the Customer, the Customer may
notify Aryon Pty Ltd in writing within 10 Business Days of receipt of Aryon Pty Ltd’s notice of cessation
clearly substantiating the existence and nature of that material adverse effect. If Aryon Pty Ltd determines
that there is a material adverse effect and fails within 10 Business Days following receipt of the Customer’s
notice to give notice to the Customer agreeing to correct such material adverse effect the Customer may
terminate this Agreement by giving Aryon Pty Ltd written notice of termination within 20 Business Days of
the cessation being implemented.
22.1. All statutory or implied conditions or warranties are excluded to the extent permitted by law.
22.2. To the extent permitted by law Aryon Pty Ltd will not be liable to the Customer whether under contract or tort (including negligence) or otherwise for direct or indirect or Consequential Loss, damage, cost or expense of any kind whatsoever and howsoever caused arising out of this Agreement, including but not limited to interest, third party claims or punitive damage.
22.3. If Aryon Pty Ltd breaches any condition or warranty implied by law which cannot lawfully be excluded, to the extent permitted by law the liability of Aryon Pty Ltd is limited, at its option, to:
(1) in the case of services, the resupply of, or payment of the cost of resupplying, the service; and
(2) in the case of goods:
(a) the replacement of the goods or the supply of equivalent goods;
(b) the repair of the goods;
(c) the payment of the cost of replacing the goods or of acquiring equivalent goods; or
(d) the payment of the cost of having the goods repaired.
22.4. Without limiting the exclusions or limitations of liability in this clause the Customer acknowledges that:
(1) Aryon Pty Ltd does not warrant that Aryon Pty Ltd will be able to supply the Service continuous or fault free;
(2) it is technically impossible for Aryon Pty Ltd to provide the Service free of faults or error;
(3) Aryon Pty Ltd is not liable to the Customer for any failure to provide part or all of the Service, including but not limited, due to any Network failure, any Network congestion or any call drop out; and
(4) Aryon Pty Ltd does not warrant the quality of the Service.
22.5. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement the Customer is liable to Aryon Pty Ltd (including Aryon Pty Ltd’s Personnel) for and the Customer indemnifies Aryon Pty Ltd and its Personnel against any loss, damage, liability, costs, proceedings, charges and expenses (including all legal costs) and including Consequential Loss that Aryon Pty Ltd incurs, or suffers, whether as a result of a third party claim against Aryon Pty Ltd, or in any other way, arising out of:
(1) the use or attempted use of the Service (including fraudulent use) by any person (including the Customer) of the Service or equipment connected to the Service;
(2) any information, data or material produced, stored, transmitted or downloaded by the Customer or any person using the Service;
(3) any breach by the Customer of this Agreement;
(4) any negligent act or omission or an act or omission by the Customer or the Customer’s Personnel:
(a) in relation to this Agreement; or
(b) intended to cause death or personal injury; and
(5) any breach of a person’s rights or defamation of a person (or allegation of such a breach or defamation) involving use of the Service.
22.6. The Customer indemnifies Aryon Pty Ltd and Aryon Pty Ltd’s Personnel against any loss, damage, costs, proceedings, charges and expenses (including all legal costs and any Consequential Loss) (Loss) arising from or relating to any damage to or loss of any equipment, network or other tangible property of Aryon Pty Ltd or any third party to the extent that such Loss is a result of an intention to cause such Loss or is a result of a negligent act or omission by the Customer or any of the Customer’s Personnel.
22.7. The Customer warrants that any documentation submitted by the Customer to Aryon Pty Ltd to enable Aryon Pty Ltd to supply the Service to the Customer, including any forms relating to transfer of services or numbers from other Suppliers, are true and accurate.
22.8. The Customer agrees to indemnify Aryon Pty Ltd and hold Aryon Pty Ltd harmless in relation to all person(s) claiming through the Customer for any loss or damage arising from suspension or disconnection of the Customer’s Service.
23.1. A party may by written notice to the other party terminate this Agreement immediately if:
(1) the other party is subject of an Insolvency Event;
(2) that party has suspended or has a right to suspend this Agreement under clause 20;
(3) the other party has breached a material term of this Agreement and the breach is not capable of being remedied; or
(4) the other party has breached a material term of this Agreement, the breach is capable of remedy and the other party has failed to remedy the breach within 10 Business Days of being notified of the breach.
23.2. Aryon Pty Ltd may, by written notice to the Customer, suspend or terminate this Agreement if:
(1) the Customer has failed to pay any money owing under this Agreement in accordance with this Agreement; or
(2) the Customer fails to provide or maintain any Security required under this Agreement.
23.3. Aryon Pty Ltd may terminate this Agreement in whole or in part by giving the Customer not less than 3 months’ written notice.
23.4. Consequences of Termination On termination of this Agreement for any reason all Charges and other amounts, including any Cancellation Fees, owing by the Customer for the Services will become immediately due and payable. Cancellation Fees will be payable by the Customer where termination is effective during the Initial Term or the Renewal Term except where termination is by Aryon Pty Ltd pursuant to clause 22.3 or by the Customer pursuant to clauses 6, 21.2, or 23.1.
24. Carrier and Carriage Service Providers
24.1. The Customer represents that it is not a Carrier or Carriage Service Provider. If during the term of this Agreement the Customer is or becomes a Carrier or Carriage Service Provider, then Aryon Pty Ltd may immediately cancel the Service by notice to the Customer. The Customer may not resell the Service in any way.
25.1. Aryon Pty Ltd aims to resolve our Customers’ issues or queries quickly and professionally. Any complaints from our Customers are prioritised and acted upon according to Australian Communications Industry Forum and Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman guidelines.
25.2. Complaints should be made in writing and addressed to:
Aryon Pty Ltd
PO BOX 1544
Capalaba DC, QLD, 4157
25.3. Should the Customer be dissatisfied with Aryon Pty Ltd’s response, the Customer may be entitled to raise certain matters directly with the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman or with either the Department of Fair Trading or the Department of Consumer Affairs in the Customer’s state or territory.
26. Dispute Resolution
26.1. Dispute A party may not commence any court or arbitration proceedings relating to a Dispute unless it complies with this clause except where the party seeks urgent injunctive, declaratory or other interlocutory relief or where the Dispute relates to the Customer’s failure to pay Charges or other payments.
26.2. Notice of Dispute If a Dispute arises in connection with this Agreement, a party to the Dispute must give to the other party or parties to the Dispute, notice specifying the Dispute and requiring its resolution under this clause 26.2 (Notice of Dispute).
26.3. Resolution The chief executive officers (or their representatives) of each party must confer within 3 Business Days after the Notice of Dispute is received to try to resolve the Dispute.
(1) If the Dispute is not resolved within fourteen (14) days after the Notice of Dispute is given to the other party (“First Period”), the Dispute is by this clause submitted to arbitration. The arbitration must be conducted in Queensland by a single arbitrator.
(2) If the parties have not agreed upon the arbitrator within seven (7) days after the First Period, the arbitrator is the person appointed by the President of The Institute of Arbitrators and Mediators Australia, Queensland Chapter (“President”) or the President’s nominee, acting on the request of any party to the Dispute.
(3) After accepting the appointment and during the arbitration the arbitrator may:
(a) require the parties to lodge security or further security towards the arbitrator’s fees and expenses;
(b) apply any security towards those fees and expenses; and
(c) act as an expert;
26.5. but the arbitrator may not direct a party to the Dispute to provide security for the costs of the arbitration to be incurred by any other party.
26.6. Termination If the Dispute is not resolved within 42 days after the Notice of Dispute is given under this clause then any party which has complied with the provisions of this clause may in writing terminate any dispute resolution process undertaken pursuant to this clause and may then commence Court proceedings in relation to the Dispute.
27. Urgent changes
27.1. Where a change to this Agreement is required by law or is necessary in Aryon Pty Ltd’s opinion to prevent fraud or for technical reasons and the Customer would be affected by the change Aryon Pty Ltd shall proceed with the change but will try to give the Customer as much notice as possible of the change.
28. Changes requiring notice
28.1. In addition to its rights to vary the terms of this Agreement or cease to supply or modify Services or provide substitute Services pursuant to clauses 3.6 (3), 3.6 (5), 6 and 21.1 and without prejudice to its rights under clause 27.1, Aryon Pty Ltd may make additions or amendments to the terms of this Agreement as follows:
(1) Aryon Pty Ltd may amend the Charges by giving the Customer 20 Business Days advance notice;
(2) If Aryon Pty Ltd reasonably believes that a change in the terms of the Agreement is likely to benefit the Customer or be neutral to the Customer, Aryon Pty Ltd may make the change immediately and is not required to notify the Customer beforehand;
(3) Aryon Pty Ltd may make changes to this Agreement in order to implement changes in the law, whether in relation to taxation or otherwise, since the Effective Date and shall to the extent practical give the Customer 20 Business Days notice of such changes;
(4) Aryon Pty Ltd may make such other changes to this Agreement that do not in Aryon Pty Ltd’s opinion have a material adverse effect on the rights of the Customer by giving the Customer 20 Business Days advanced written notice thereof.
29.1. The Agreement is governed by the law in force in Queensland.
29.2. Each party submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Queensland for any dispute concerning this Agreement.
29.3. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties about its subject matter. A party may not rely on any representations or warranties about the subject matter of this Agreement except as expressly provided in this Agreement.
29.4. Except as otherwise expressly stated, this Agreement cannot be varied unless the variation is in writing and executed by both parties.
29.5. If the rights or obligations of either party under this Agreement are or may be affected by Subsequent Legislation the parties will meet as soon as practicable and negotiate in good faith such amendments to this Agreement necessary or appropriate to ensure that this Agreement does not and will not require either party to breach the Subsequent Legislation. If the parties cannot agree such amendments within a reasonable period, either party may terminate this Agreement as it applies to any Service affected by the Subsequent Legislation by giving 5 Business Days notice to the other party.
29.6. Where, by performing its obligations under this Agreement, a party would or is likely to be in breach of Subsequent Legislation, such party may suspend the performance of its obligations under this Agreement to the extent necessary to ensure that it is not and will not be in breach of such Subsequent Legislation.
29.7. If the whole or any part of a provision of this Agreement is void, unenforceable or illegal in a jurisdiction it is severed for that jurisdiction, the remainder of this Agreement has full force and effect and the validity or enforceability of that provision in any other jurisdiction is not affected.
29.8. A party may only assign or transfer its rights and obligations under this Agreement with the prior written consent of the other party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed.
29.9. No waiver of any breach of, or failure to enforce, any obligation of a party or term of this Agreement is valid unless it is in writing and signed by an authorised officer on behalf of the party granting the waiver.
EXERCISE OF RIGHTS, POWERS AND REMEDIES
29.10. A party may exercise a right, power or remedy at its discretion, and separately or concurrently with another right, power or remedy. A single or partial exercise of a right, power or remedy by a party does not prevent a further exercise of that or of any other right, power or remedy. Failure by a party to exercise, or their delay in exercising, a right, power or remedy does not prevent its exercise.
29.11. Termination or expiry of this Agreement for any reason does not:
(1) affect any rights or obligations of the parties which by their nature survive termination, or expiry, including, but not limited to, clauses 1, 3.7, 3.9, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13.4, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23.4, 24, 25, 26 and 29; and
(2) waive any breach of this Agreement, and is without prejudice to and does not limit any rights, remedies, liabilities or obligations of either party which have accrued up to the date of termination or expiry, including the right of indemnity.
29.12. The rights, powers and remedies provided in this agreement are cumulative with and not exclusive or limiting of the rights, powers or remedies provided by law or equity independently of this Agreement.
AMENDMENTS TO SERVICE BY CUSTOMER
29.13. The Customer may request an amendment to the Service at any time by giving 30 Business Days’ notice to Aryon Pty Ltd. On receipt of a request for an amendment Aryon Pty Ltd may, in its absolute discretion, make that amendment.
29.14. If Aryon Pty Ltd makes a requested amendment to the Service then Aryon Pty Ltd may notify the Customer of any revised Charges for the Service.
29.15. Each indemnity in this Agreement is a continuing obligation, separate and independent from the other obligations of the parties and survives termination of this agreement for whatever reason.
29.16. It is not necessary for a party to incur expense or make payment before enforcing a right of indemnity conferred by this Agreement.
RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES
29.17. This Agreement does not constitute a contractual partnership between the parties.
29.18. Neither party will:
(1) describe itself as agent or representative of the other except as expressly authorised by this Agreement;
(2) hold itself out, or permit any person to hold it out, as being authorised to bind the other in any way nor do any act which might reasonably create the impression that it is so authorised except as expressly authorised by this Agreement; or
(3) pledge the credit of the other in any way.
29.19. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts or duplicates, each of which shall be an original, and such counterparts or duplicates shall together constitute one and the same agreement.
29.20. All notices must be in writing.
29.21. Notices will be deemed to have been duly given:
(1) when delivered, if delivered by courier or other messenger (including registered mail) during normal business hours of the recipient; or
(2) when sent, if transmitted by fax or e-mail and a successful transmission report or return receipt is generated; or
(3) on the fifth Business Day following mailing, if mailed by national ordinary mail, postage pre-paid; or
(4) on the tenth Business Day following mailing, if mailed by airmail, postage pre-paid in each case addressed to the most recent address, e-mail address, or facsimile number notified to the other party
BUSINESS INTERNET SERVICES AGREEMENT ADDITIONAL SERVICES ADDENDUM–ENHANCED SUPPORT SERVICES
1. The Customer has submitted a Service Order Form to Aryon Pty Ltd and Aryon Pty Ltd has accepted that Service Order Form and will provide Internet Services to the Customer in accordance with that Service Order Form.
2. Where the Service Order Form indicates a Customer is to receive Additional Services the terms set out in this Additional Services Addendum apply to the provision of the Enhanced Support Services. Any capitalised terms not defined in this Additional Services Addendum have the meaning given to them in the Service Order Form or the Customer Terms (whichever is applicable). If there is any inconsistency between the terms of this Additional Services Addendum, the Service Order Form or the Customer Terms, then the terms of this Additional Services Addendum will prevail to the extent of the inconsistency unless expressly stated otherwise.
(a) Enhanced Support Services means those services described in this Additional Services Addendum; and
(a) Service Delivery Point means the point of interconnect between the Customer Premises and the Aryon Pty Ltd Network.
4. Subject to the Customers’ compliance with the Agreement, Aryon Pty Ltd will provide the Enhanced Support Services to the Customer 24 x 7 x 365 excluding public holidays.
5. All requests by the Customer for the Enhanced Support Services can be by:
(a) Telephone on (07) 3414 0630
6. Aryon Pty Ltd will use reasonable efforts to provide remote diagnostic fault analysis to pro actively monitor and repair faults before such faults become service affecting.
7. Aryon Pty Ltd will provide remote access to enable its field staff to access real time network alarm data via mobile devices, including laptops and mobile phones, as appropriate.
8. Aryon Pty Ltd will undertake a root cause analysis to determine the problem of the fault:
(a) Proactively when the Customer subscribes to Aryon Pty Ltd’s Network monitoring service
(b) Reactively when the Customer logs a job with the Aryon Pty Ltd help desk
9. Before reporting a fault to Aryon Pty Ltd, the Customer must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the fault is not a fault in any equipment located on the Customers’ side of the Service Delivery Point, including any of the Customers’ Equipment.
10. Where Aryon Pty Ltd determines that the fault is in the Customers’ Equipment or any equipment on the Customers side of the Service Delivery Point, then Aryon Pty Ltd:
(a) will use reasonable endeavours to inform the Customer of the fault but will bear no further responsibility or liability;
(b) may charge the Customer for any costs incurred by Aryon Pty Ltd in investigating the fault; and
(c) if the Customer requests Aryon Pty Ltd to repair the fault, then Aryon Pty Ltd may charge the Customer for such repair as notified by Aryon Pty Ltd at the time of the request.
11. If Aryon Pty Ltd investigates a fault and determines that the fault is attributable to any equipment on Aryon Pty Ltd’s side of the Service Delivery Point then:
(a) Where Aryon Pty Ltd determines that the fault is in equipment within the Aryon Pty Ltd Network, then Aryon Pty Ltd will be responsible for rectifying the fault in accordance with this Additional Services Addendum; and
(b) Where Aryon Pty Ltd determines that the fault is in equipment within a Supplier Network, then Aryon Pty Ltd will inform the Supplier of the fault and request its rectification.
12. The targets specified in the response and resolution table below apply to faults in the Service that the Customer reports.
13. Aryon Pty Ltd will use reasonable endeavours to comply with the response times set out in the following table:
|Severity||Definition|| Response Time (measured from the time a
telephone call or an email is logged by the
Aryon Pty Ltd help desk during
|Level 1||Complete failure of Internet Service||Online fault log: Not Applicable - Unless the
Customer has other means of accessing the
Online reporting tool whereby fault will be
responded to within 30minTelephone fault
report: 30 minutes
|Level 2||A major incident arising from the failure of a
key feature of the Internet Services that results
in substantial performance degradation and/or
inability to use a major feature of the Internet
|Online fault log: 1 Hour
Telephone fault report: 1 hour
|Level 3||A minor incident where non-essential key
features of the Internet Service are impacted or
there is degradation of the performance of
those non-essential key features. This might
include a recurring incident if left unattended
may escalate to a Level 2 or Level 1.
|Online fault log: 4 hours
Telephone fault report: 4 hours
|Level 4||A low priority incident allocated to a request or
issue that only requires information and has no
immediate impact on the Internet Service.
|Online fault log: 24 – 48 hours
Telephone fault report: 24 - 48 hours
14. The Customer must provide all necessary assistance to enable location and rectification of any fault regardless of whether that fault is the responsibility of Aryon Pty Ltd or another Supplier.
(a) The Customer is entitled to a Rebate for the relevant Service where:
(i) Aryon has failed to meet a Service Availability Target or Response Time Target and
(ii) the Customer has made a claim for the Rebate in accordance with section 15 (b) within 5 Business Days of the end of the month in which the Incident was restored and
(iii) the specific service is supplied with Enhanced Support
(b) In order to lodge a claim for a Rebate the Customer must make a written request containing reasonable details as required by Aryon, and if applicable in the form provided by Aryon which may be updated from time to time. Claims for Rebate must be submitted via email to email@example.com.
(c) Once a claim is received, Aryon will review and calculate the Rebate (if applicable) and credit it to the Customer’s account by deducting the Rebate from the Monthly Service Fee payable in the following month. A Rebate is not redeemable for cash. Where the review determines the customer is eligible for a rebate, the customer will be entitled to 20% of that monthly service fee.
16. Aryon is not required to provide Service Availability during, and the Customer is not entitled to any Rebate for, any failure or failures by Aryon to meet any Target that results from any of the following occurrences:
(a) an Excluded Event;
(b) Scheduled Maintenance;
(c) Customer Equipment or an Incident on the Customer’s side of the Service Delivery Point;
(d) Customers removal of any Aryon Equipment;
(e) any failure to immediately report the Incident to Aryon;
(f) the improper use, alteration, or damage of the Service by Customer;
(g) any failure to comply with Aryon's Internet Service Acceptable Use Policy or Internet Carriage Terms and Conditions
(h) Service suspension in accordance with the relevant Service Order (if applicable);
(i) modifications to the Service made by Customer or any party instructed or contracted by Customer
(j) and not provided or approved in writing by Aryon;
(k) unavailability due to the service being ordered or provided as an Unprotected Service;
(l) with respect to Colocation services, unavailability due to Customer Equipment only utilising a single power feed (i.e. not both A and B).


text:
Some environmental stressors lead to the onset of depression via inhibiting hippocampal BDNF expression, but other environmental stressors-induced depression exhibits no change in BDNF expression. The underlying mechanisms behind the divergence remain unknown. In this study, depression-like behaviors were induced in rats by maternal deprivation (MD) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUPS). Depression-like behaviors were tested by open field test, forced swimming test, and sucrose consumption test. BDNF and miR-16 expressions in the hippocampus were examined by real-time PCR. MD and CUPS rats crawled less distance, exhibited decreased vertical activity, and produced more fecal pellets than control rats in the open field test. However, MD rats crawled less distance and produced significantly less fecal pellets than CUPS rats. In the forced swimming and sucrose consumption tests, CUPS and MD rats exhibited longer floating time and consumed less sucrose than control rats, but MD rats exhibited shorter floating time and consumed less sucrose than CUPS rats. MD but not CUPS rats showed lower BDNF mRNA and higher miR-16 expression than control rats. In MD rats, BDNF mRNA expression negatively correlated with the expression of miR-16. BDNF expression positively correlated with the total distance rats crawled and vertical activity in the open field test while miR-16 expression negatively correlated the two behaviors. BDNF positively correlated with sucrose preference rate while miR-16 negatively correlated with sucrose preference rate of the sucrose consumption test. Our study suggests that MD and CUPS induced different depression-like behaviors in rats. Depression induced by MD but not CUPS was significantly associated with upregulation of miR-16 and possibly subsequent downregulation of BDNF in hippocampus.
Citation: Bai M, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Xue L, et al. (2012) Abnormal Hippocampal BDNF and miR-16 Expression Is Associated with Depression-Like Behaviors Induced by Stress during Early Life. PLoS ONE 7(10): e46921. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046921
Editor: Judith Homberg, Radboud University, The Netherlands
Received: May 21, 2012; Accepted: September 6, 2012; Published: October 8, 2012
Copyright: © Bai et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81071097). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Depression is a highly complicated psychiatric disorder that can greatly damage the social functions of the sufferers. This disorder has become a major burden for our society . Raising the monoamine level in synaptic clefts has been a major strategy for treating depression during the past 50 years. However, 40 to 50 percent of patients with depression show little or no response to this treatment , suggesting that monoamine depletion might not be the only pathogenetic process of depression.
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the mammalian central nervous system . Evidence from animal experiments and postmortem studies has consistently suggested that reduced BDNF level in the hippocampus is responsible for decreased proliferation of hippocampal neurons and consequent onset of depression –. In addition, environmental stressors could induce depressive performances by affecting hippocampal BDNF level , –. Currently, the underlying mechanisms by which environmental stressors regulate BDNF expression remain unidentified.
Numerous studies have implied that epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs, may provide a link between environmental stressors and gene expression . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22 bp), single-stranded noncoding RNAs that are able to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally . Many miRNAs have been identified as crucial regulators in cellular proliferation due to their ability to downregulate the expression of numerous proliferation-related genes , . Generally, an miRNA exerts its effect through degradation of mRNA or translational repression of mRNA expression by binding to the seed sequence at the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) . Therefore, computational target analysis has been developed to predict potential regulatory miRNAs for the gene of interest . Using this tool, miR-16 was identified as one of the candidate miRNAs for the BDNF gene. A recent report demonstrated that miR-16 plays an important role in the negative modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and consequent depression-like behaviors . We therefore hypothesize that: 1) Environmental stressors may induce miR-16 expression; 2) High miR-16 expression may downregulate BDNF expression; and 3) Downregulation of BDNF expression may lead to the reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequent depression-like behaviors.
Given the fact that the stress-induced alterations in hippocampal BDNF expression and depression-like behaviors varied with different stressors , , we tested our hypothesis in this study with two classical chronic stress paradigms: maternal deprivation (MD) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUPS). These two paradigms represent two major stressors during early life and in adulthood, respectively. We verified the role of hippocampal miR-16 and BDNF expression in early life stressor-induced depression-like behaviors.
Materials and Methods
1. Ethics Statement
This study was approved by the Animal Care & Use Committee of Central South University. All experiments were performed in accordance with the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Chinese Council).
Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 3 months were provided by the Animal Center of Central South University. Maximal effort was made to minimize the number of animals used. After fertilization, rats were examined at 9∶00 every day for delivery. Rat offspring born before 9∶00 were designated as postnatal day 1 (PND 1). Newborn male offspring from over 10 pregnant rats were mixed and randomly divided into three groups: maternal deprivation (MD, N = 6), chronic unpredictable stress (CUPS, N = 6) and control group (C, N = 6). Rats in MD group received maternal deprivation for 2 weeks right after birth, rats in CUPS group received chronic unpredictable stress for 3 weeks right after reaching 10-weeks old, and rats in control group received standard husbandry care.
3. Maternal Deprivation (MD)
The MD paradigm was conducted as previously described . Briefly, rat offspring were separated from their mothers for 6 hours daily from PND 1 to PND 13 (the separations occurred between 9∶00 and 15∶00). To block communication between littermates, each offspring was placed in a single cell (each cage with dimensions of 32cm×32cm×14cm was divided into four cells of the same size) covered withhttp://dj.iciba.com/sawdust/dry sawdust. The offspring were then returned to their home cage after the experiment. All experiments were carried out in a temperature-controlled room (25°C). After PND 21, rats were housed socially with the same gender (5/cage) until adulthood (10 weeks).
4. Chronic Unpredictable Stress (CUPS)
The CUPS paradigm was performed following a previously an established protocol  with minor modifications. Briefly, rats at 10-weeks old were randomly exposed to one of the following stressors once a day for 3 weeks: water deprivation for 24 hrs, food deprivation for 24 hrs, swimming in cold water (4°C) for 5 min, exposure to an elevated open platform (10 cm×10 cm, 160 cm in height) for 2 hrs , restraint stress for 2 hrs  or electric foot shock for 20 s (800 mA, 1-s duration, average 1 shock/10 s). Stress was given at different times of the day to establish unpredictability.
D) Western blot of BDNF protein levels. B) Correlation between BDNF mRNA expression and miR-16 expression. **p<0.01. C) The proposed binding site of miR16 at the 3'UTR of BDNF. D) The evolutionary conservation of the mir-16 binding site in BDNF.
5. Open Field Test
Open field test was carried out as previously described . The open field arena was made of an open rectangular plastic box (100 cm×100 cm×30 cm) with 25 squares (20 cm×20 cm) painted on the floor. The 25 squares included 16 peripheral squares and 9 central squares. At the time of test, rats were placed individually at the center of the field and were allowed to explore the area freely for 5 min. The activity of the rats was recorded by an overhanging camera that was linked to a computer. Ethovision 3.0 (Noldus, The Netherlands) was used to track the behaviors of the rats. The total distance a rat moved in the arena, distance a rat moved in the central squares, the number of vertical activity, and the number of fecal pellets present in the arena during the 5 min test were recorded. The arena was cleaned with 70% alcohol between trials to make sure a rat's behaviors were not affected by the imprint of previous rats. All behavioral tests were carried out when rats reached 13 weeks old.
(A) Correlation between BDNF mRNA expression and the total distance crawled. (B) Correlation between BDNF mRNA expression and the central area rate. (C) Correlation between BDNF mRNA expression and the fecal pellets. (D) Correlation between BDNF mRNA expression and the vertical activity. (E) Correlation between BDNF mRNA expression and the floating time. (F) Correlation between BDNF mRNA expression and the sucrose preference rate. *p<0.05,**p<0.01.
6. Forced Swimming Test
Forced swimming test was performed 24 hrs after open field test following a previously established protocol . Two swimming sessions were conducted: a 15-min pretest on the first day followed by a 5-min test the next day. During the test, rats were placed individually in a Pyrex cylinder (21 cm × 46 cm) filled with 25°C water to a depth of 30 cm. After swimming for 15 min on day 1, rats were dried with towels and placed back in their home cage. The water in the cylinder was emptied and refilled between rats to ensure the rat's behaviors were not affected by detecting a previous rat's scent. Twenty-four hrs after the first trial, rats were placed in the swimming apparatus again for a 5-min test trial. A video camera hung above the cylinders was used to record the rats' activity. The float time (time a rat spent in keeping its head above water with only slight movements) was recorded. The data were analyzed by two observers blind to the experimental conditions.
(A) Correlation between miR-16 expression and the total distance crawled. (B) Correlation between miR-16 expression and the central area rate. (C) Correlation between miR-16 expression and the fecal pellets. (D) Correlation between miR-16 expression and the vertical activity. (E) Correlation between miR-16 expression and the floating time. (F) Correlation between miR-16 expression and the sucrose preference rate. *p<0.05,**p<0.01.
7. Sucrose Consumption Test
Sucrose consumption test was performed as described previously . The whole test took 3 days. On day 1, rats were housed individually and given free access to two bottles of sucrose solution (1%, w/v and 100 ml). Rats were trained to adapt to sucrose solution for 24 hrs. On day 2, one bottle of sucrose solution was replaced with 100 ml of water for 24 hrs. On day 3, rats were deprived of water and food for 23 hrs, and then given free access to two pre-weighed bottles of solution: 100 ml of sucrose solution (1%, w/v) and 100 ml of water. One hr later, the consumed volume in both bottles was recorded. The sucrose preference rate was calculated using the following formula: Sucrose preference rate = sucrose consumption/(water consumption + sucrose consumption)×100%.
8. Sample Collection
Animals were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last behavioral test. Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of 10% chloral hydrate (30 ml/kg body weight). Brains were rapidly removed from the skull, and hippocampus tissues were immediately sectioned according to the anatomical atlas of Paxinos and Watson . Tissues were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at –80°C until use.
9. Real-time Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR
Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect BDNF mRNA and miR-16 microRNA in hippocampus tissues. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Reverse transcription of BDNF and miR-16 was performed using RevertAid First Strand cDNA synthesis kit (MBI Fermentas, Burlington, Canada) and One Step PrimeScript® miRNA cDNA Synthesis Kit (Perfect Real Time, TaKaTa, Japan) following the manufacturer's protocol respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed using Roter-Gene 3000 (Corbett Research, Sydney, Australia). The primers used for BDNF, miR-16, β-actin, and u6 are listed in Table 1. The data were analyzed by comparing miR-16 and BDNF mRNA levels with u6 and β-actin level, respectively for each rat and then subjected to statistical analysis. All qRT-PCR reactions were performed thrice.
10. Western Blot
Hippocampus tissues were harvested as described above. Western blots were performed as previously described . The anti-BDNF (1∶1000 dilution), anti-β-actin (1∶1000 dilution), and HRP-conjugated second antibodies (1∶5000 dilution) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA).
11. Statistical Analysis
Data was presented as mean and standard error of the mean, and the statistical package for the Social Sciences Version 17.0 was used to analyze the data. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis LSD-test or Nemenyi-test was used for analyzing the difference between groups. Correlation between BDNF, miR-16 expression, and behavioral indexes were analyzed using Pearson correlation test. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
1. Effect of MD and CUPS on the Behaviors of Adult Rats
Behavioral data obtained from open field test were presented in Table 2. The total distance that the rats crawled in the open field arena was significantly different between three groups (F = 43.904, p<0.001). MD rats crawled less distance than CUPS rats (t = –2.849, p = 0.012), while both MD and CUPS rats crawled less distance than control rats (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The number of vertical activity was different between three groups (F = 63.805, p<0.001) as well. MD and CUPS rats exhibited no difference in the number of vertical activity, but their vertical activity was significantly decreased compared to control rats (p<0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). No difference in central area rate was found between three groups (F = 0.552, p = 0.587). The number of fecal pellets was significantly different between three groups (F = 12.939, p = 0.001). CUPS rats excreted more fecal pellets than MD and control rats (p = 0.001, p<0.001, respectively), while no difference in fecal pellets was found between MD and control rats (p = 0.532).
The behavioral data of forced swimming test and sucrose consumption test were presented in Table 3. Significant differences in floating time were observed between three groups (F = 19.556, p<0.001). CUPS and MD rats exhibited significantly longer floating times than control rats (p<0.001, p = 0.036, respectively), while CUPS rats exhibited longer floating time than MD rats (p = 0.001). As shown in Table 3, sucrose consumption test showed significant differences in sucrose consumption between three groups (F = 20.535, p<0.001). Both MD and CUPS rats consumed less sucrose than control rats (p<0.001, p = 0.001, respectively), but MD rats consumed less sucrose than CUPS rats (p = 0.035).
2. Effect of MD and CUPS on BDNF mRNA, BDNF Protein, and miR-16 mRNA Levels in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats
BDNF has about 22 transcripts. Among them, the expression of BDNF transcribed from the 5′ exon VI and 3′ common exon was analyzed in this study due to its high abundance in the hippocampus and its essential role in both neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, which were generally considered to be involved in the development of depression –. As shown in Table 4, significant differences in BDNF mRNA expression were observed in the hippocampus among three groups (F = 8.266, p = 0.004). MD rats showed significantly lower BDNF mRNA expression than both CUPS (p = 0.006) and control rats (p = 0.002). However, no difference in BDNF mRNA expression was observed in the hippocampus between CUPS and control rats (p = 0.608). As shown in Table 4 and Fig. 1A, significant differences in BDNF protein expression were observed in the hippocampus among three groups (F = 4.396, p = 0.031). MD rats showed significantly lower BDNF protein expression than both CUPS (p = 0.044) and control rats (p = 0.013). However, no difference in BDNF protein expression was observed in the hippocampus between CUPS and control rats (p = 0.546). Significant differences in miR-16 expression was observed in the hippocampus of rats among three groups (F = 14.184, p<0.001). MD rats expressed higher levels of miR-16 than rats in both CUPS and control rats (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), while no difference in miR-16 expression was observed between CUPS and control rats (p = 0.825) (Table 4).
3. Correlation Analysis between BDNF mRNA and miR-16 Expression, and the Behavioral Indexes of Rats
Pearson correlation analysis revealed that BDNF mRNA expression negatively correlated with the expression of miR-16 (Fig. 1B, r = –0.655, p = 0.003). The computational target analysis by TargetScan (www.targetscan.net) showed that miR-16 targets the 3′UTR of BDNF with high conservation (Fig. 1C, 1D). These observations provided indirect evidence that miR-16 regulates BDNF expression. BDNF mRNA expression positively correlated with total distance rats crawled in the open field arena (Fig. 2, r = 0.610, p = 0.007), vertical activity (r = 0.511, p = 0.030) in the open field test, and the sucrose preference rate (r = 0.770, p<0.001) in the sucrose consumption test (Fig. 2). miR-16 expression negatively correlated with the total distance rats crawled in the open field arena (r = –0.586, p = 0.011) and the sucrose preference rate (r = –0.696, p = 0.001) in the sucrose consumption test (Fig. 3).
It is generally believed that various chronic environmental stressors that emerge during an individual's early development or adulthood trigger the development of depression , , . However, the direct relationship between neurobiological anomalies and stress-induced depressive behaviors cannot be verified in humans due to ethical limitations. Therefore, animal models are currently the ideal tools to elucidate the biological bases of stress-induced depressive behaviors. In this study, downregulation of BDNF and upregulation of miR-16 expression were shown to be involved in MD-induced, but not CUPS-induced depressive behaviors.
Chronic unpredictable stress and maternal deprivation paradigms are commonly used to simulate the effect of adverse experiences in adulthood or early life of a person, respectively. These two paradigms are widely used to induce depressive behaviors in rodents including loss of interest, despair behaviors and anhedonia , . In this study, CUPS and MD triggered dissimilar depressive behaviors in rats. MD induced less total distance crawled in the open field test and sucrose preference rate in sucrose consumption test than CUPS. In contrast, CUPS rats exhibited longer floating times in forced swimming test and excreted more fecal pallets in the open field test than MD rats. This suggests that negative events occurred in a person's early life led to more severe loss of interest and anhedonia than stressors that emerge in adulthood. On the contrary, stressors that emerge in adulthood induced more severe despair and anxiety-like behaviors. The existence of different depression subtypes was consistently supported by observations in animal experiments and clinics. For example, different stressors induce divergent depressive phenotypes while various depressive manifestations exist in the clinic . Importantly, reduced BDNF and increased miR-16 expression was only observed in MD rats. This implies that rats suffering from CUPS in adulthood may manifest more anxious behaviors and behavioral despair from non-miR-16/BDNF mechanisms than rats in early life. On the contrary, rats experiencing MD in early life showed more severe anhedonia and loss of interest, which correlated with the upregulation of hippocampal miR-16 and dowgregulation of hippocampal BDNF expression. The changes in molecules suggest that different subtypes may be caused by different molecular pathogenesis mechanisms.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that BDNF is involved in the onset and development of depression , . BDNF is the most widely distributed neurotrophin in the mammalian CNS with especially high levels found in the hippocampus . A recent study demonstrated that MD could lead to downregulation of BDNF expression in the hippocampus , but the regulatory mechanisms via which MD influences BDNF expression remain unclear. In this study, BDNF expression was found to be downregulated in the hippocampus of MD rats and is negatively correlated with the miR-16 level, which is consistent with previous reports. Computational target analysis revealed that BDNF is a target gene of miR-16. Given the evidence that miRNAs provide a link between environmental factors and gene expression  and high correlation between BDNF and miR-16 expression in the hippocampus (p = 0.003), we proposed that miR-16 regulates BDNF expression in MD rats. However, several other targets of miR-16, such as 5-HT transporter and BCL-2 ,  genes, have also been reported to be involved in hippocampal neurogenesis and correspond to depressive state. It is reasonable to believe that miR-16 may play a crucial role in the development of depression via simultaneously modulating the expression of multiple genes with different physiological functions, such as BDNF’s role in neurogenesis and BCL-2′s involvement in neuron survival and apoptosis. The involvement of other miR-16-targeted genes in MD-induced depression needs further validation. However, why CUPS-induced depressive behaviors exhibited no association with BDNF and miR-16 expression is unclear.
In this study, upregulation of miR-16 and downregulation of BDNF mRNA expression in hippocampus were only observed in MD-treated rats, but not in CUPS rats. This suggests that different stressors-induced divergent depressive phenotypes may result from dissimilar molecular underpinnings. This divergence was also reported recently. For example, stress-induced increase or no change in BDNF level in animal models of depression was observed in two studies , . The discrepancy in BDNF expression may result from various factors. Among them, the different types of stressors used for inducing depression are catching more and more attention recently , . BDNF has been considered as a molecular marker for neuronal plasticity due to its crucial role in neuronal proliferation, neurite growth and remodeling, and synapse formation . Reduced hippocampal BDNF expression was only observed in MD-treated rats in this study. This suggested that early life stress might damage the hippocampal neuronal plasticity of the sufferers, and it might be the basis of the subsequent depression-like behavior shown in adulthood. In addition,BDNF reduction-mediated decrease in neuronal plasticity is sustainable, and the depression-related neurobiological anomaly may be hard to be reshaped to normal state. This can explain why MD-induced depressive behaviors do not disappear after the animals were reared in normal environment for 8 weeks in this study. In contrast, CUPS-induced behavioral anomaly in adult rats usually disappeared after 6 weeks of housing in a normal environment .
In conclusion, results from this study suggest that different psychological stressors, such as maternal deprivation and chronic unpredictable stress, induce dissimilar depressive performances in rats, among which the MD-induced depression-like behaviors may be associated with the upregulation of miR-16 and subsequent downregulation of BNDF in the hippocampus.
Conceived and designed the experiments: X. Zhu. Performed the experiments: MB YZ SZ LZ LX. Analyzed the data: MB YZ SZ JY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SY. Wrote the paper: MB X. Zhu X. Zhang.
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