text:
|SBD Dauntless |
|A U.S. Navy SBD releasing a bomb. Note the extended dive brakes on the trailing edges.|
|Role|| Dive bomber |
|National origin||United States|
|First flight||1 May 1940|
|Primary users|| United States Navy |
United States Marine Corps
United States Army Air Forces
Free French Air Force
|Developed from||Northrop BT|
The Douglas SBD Dauntless is a World War II American naval scout plane and dive bomber that was manufactured by Douglas Aircraft from 1940 through 1944. The SBD ("Scout Bomber Douglas") was the United States Navy's main carrier-based scout/dive bomber from mid-1940 through mid-1944. The SBD was also flown by the United States Marine Corps, both from land air bases and aircraft carriers. The SBD is best remembered as the bomber that delivered the fatal blows to the Japanese carriers at the Battle of Midway in June 1942.The type earned its nickname "Slow But Deadly" (from its SBD initials) during this period.
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States or America, is a country comprising 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles, the United States is the world's third or fourth largest country by total area and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles. With a population of over 327 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico. The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries.
A scout plane is type of surveillance aircraft, usually of single-engined, two/three seats, shipborne type, and used for the purpose of discovering an enemy position and directing artillery. Therefore, a scout plane is essentially a small naval aircraft, as distinguished from a tactical ground observation aircraft, a strategic reconnaissance "spyplane", or a large patrol flying boat.
During its combat service, the SBD proved to be an excellent naval scout plane and dive bomber. It possessed long range, good handling characteristics, maneuverability, potent bomb load, great diving characteristics, good defensive armament and ruggedness. One land-based variant of the SBD — in omitting the arrestor hook — was purpose-built for the U.S. Army Air Forces, as the A-24 Banshee.
Design work on the Northrop BT-1 began in 1935. In 1937, the Northrop Corporation was taken over by Douglas, and the active Northrop projects continued under Douglas Aircraft Corporation. 1,000 hp (750 kW) Wright Cyclone engine. The plane was developed at the Douglas El Segundo, CA plant, and that facility, along with the company's Oklahoma City plant, built almost all the SBDs produced. One year earlier, both the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps had placed orders for the new dive bomber, designated the SBD-1 and SBD-2 (the latter had increased fuel capacity and different armament). The SBD-1 went to the Marine Corps in late 1940, and the SBD-2 to the Navy in early 1941. The distinctive perforated split flaps or "dive-brakes" had been incorporated into the BT-1 to eliminate tail buffeting during diving maneuvers.The Northrop BT-2 was developed from the BT-1 by modifications ordered in November 1937, and provided the basis of the SBD, which first entered service in mid-1939. Ed Heinemann led a team of designers who considered a development with a
The Northrop BT was a two-seat, single-engine monoplane dive bomber built by the Northrop Corporation for the United States Navy. At the time, Northrop was a subsidiary of the Douglas Aircraft Company.
Edward Henry Heinemann was a noted military aircraft designer for the Douglas Aircraft Company.
Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions being used today are the mechanical horsepower, which is about 745.7 watts, and the metric horsepower, which is approximately 735.5 watts.
The next version was the SBD-3, which began manufacture in early 1941. It had increased armor, self-sealing fuel tanks, and four machine guns. The SBD-4 provided a 12-volt (up from 6-volt) electrical system, and a few were converted into SBD-4P reconnaissance aircraft.
Used primarily in aviation, self-sealing is a technology—in wide use since World War II—that prevents aircraft fuel tanks or bladders from leaking fuel and igniting after being damaged by enemy fire.
A machine gun is a fully automatic mounted or portable firearm designed to fire rifle cartridges in rapid succession from an ammunition belt or magazine for the purpose of suppressive fire. Not all fully automatic firearms are machine guns. Submachine guns, rifles, assault rifles, battle rifles, shotguns, pistols or cannons may be capable of fully automatic fire, but are not designed for sustained fire. As a class of military rapid-fire guns, machine guns are fully automatic weapons designed to be used as support weapons and generally used when attached to a mount or fired from the ground on a bipod or tripod. Many machine guns also use belt feeding and open bolt operation, features not normally found on rifles.
A reconnaissance aircraft is a military surveillance aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence, signals intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence. Modern technology has also enabled some aircraft and UAVs to carry out real-time surveillance in addition to general intelligence gathering.
The next (and most produced) version, the SBD-5, was produced mostly in the Douglas plant in Tulsa, Oklahoma. This version was equipped with a 1,200 hp (890 kW) engine and an increased ammunition supply. Over 2,400 of these were built. A few of them were shipped to the Royal Navy for evaluation. In addition to American service, the SBD saw combat against the Japanese Army and Navy with No. 25 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force—but the RNZAF soon replaced them with the larger, faster, heavier and land-based Vought F4U Corsairs.[ citation needed ]
Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 45th-most populous city in the United States. As of July 2016, the population was 413,505, an increase of 12,591 over that reported in the 2010 Census. It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 991,005 residents in the MSA and 1,251,172 in the CSA. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, with urban development extending into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties.
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against the Kingdom of France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.
No. 25 Squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force was formed at Seagrove, Auckland in July 1943 with Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers and served in the Southern Pacific based at the Piva Airstrip on Bougainville, flying missions against Japanese forces on Bougainville and at Rabaul. It was disbanded in May 1944 and reformed as a fighter/ground attack squadron flying F4U Corsairs. It served in Santo, Guadalcanal, Los Negros and Emirau, before returning to New Zealand and being disbanded in September 1945. A SBD-4 Dauntless operated by 25 Squadron was for a time preserved in the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum at Wigram, displayed in the condition which it was recovered after being lost with its crew while on a training mission at Espiritu Santo. One of the SBD-5 aircraft operated by 25 Squadron has been restored to flying condition in America for the "Planes of Fame" museum, in the colour scheme of an American aircraft.
Some SBDs were also flown by the Free French Air Force against the German Heer and Luftwaffe. SBDs were also sold to Mexico.[ citation needed ]
The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the Luftstreitkräfte of the Army and the Marine-Fliegerabteilung of the Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which stated that Germany was forbidden to have any air force.
The final version, the SBD-6, had more improvements,[ clarification needed ] but its production ended during the summer of 1944.
The U.S. Army Air Force had its own version of the SBD, called the A-24 Banshee. It lacked the tail hook used for carrier landings, and a pneumatic tire replaced the solid tail wheel. First assigned to the 27th Bombardment Group (Light) at Hunter Field, Georgia, A-24s flew in the Louisiana maneuvers of September 1941. There were three versions of the Banshee (A-24, A-24A and A-24B) flown by the army to a very minor degree in the early stages of the war.The USAAF used 948 of the 5,937 Dauntlesses built.
U.S. Navy and Marine Corps SBDs saw their first action at Pearl Harbor, when most of the Marine Corps SBDs of Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 232 (VMSB-232) were destroyed on the ground at Ewa Mooring Mast Field. Most U.S. Navy SBDs operating with their aircraft carriers, which did not operate in close cooperation with the rest of the fleet. Several Navy SBDs were flying to Pearl Harbor from carriers on the morning of December 7, and engaged with Japanese aircraft. Most Navy SBDs at Pearl Harbor, like their Marine Corps counterparts, were destroyed on the ground. Enterprise sank the Japanese submarine I-70.On 10 December 1941, SBDs from USS
In February–March 1942, SBDs from the carriers USS Lexington, USS Yorktown, and Enterprise took part in various raids on Japanese installations in the Gilbert Islands, the Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Rabaul, Wake Island, and Marcus Island.
The first major use of the SBD in combat was at the Battle of the Coral Sea where SBDs and TBD Devastators sank the Japanese light aircraft carrier (CVL) Shōhō and damaged the Japanese fleet carrier Shōkaku. SBDs were also used for anti-torpedo combat air patrols (CAP) and these scored several victories against Japanese aircraft trying to attack Lexington and Yorktown.
Their relatively heavy gun armament with two forward-firing .50 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine guns and either one or two rear flexible-mount .30 in (7.62 mm) AN/M2 machine guns was effective against the lightly built Japanese fighters, and many pilots and gunners took aggressive attitudes to the fighters that attacked them. SBD pilot Stanley "Swede" Vejtasa was attacked by three A6M2 Zero fighters; he shot down two of them and cut off the wing of the third in a head-on pass with his wingtip.
The SBD's most important contribution to the American war effort came during the Battle of Midway in early June 1942. Four squadrons of Navy SBD dive bombers attacked and sank or fatally damaged all four Japanese fleet carriers present, disabling three of them in the span of just six minutes (Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū) and, later in the day, Hiryū. They also caught two straggling heavy cruisers of the Midway bombardment group of four, heavily damaging them, with Mikuma eventually sinking.
At the Battle of Midway, Marine Corps SBDs were not as effective. One squadron, VMSB-241, flying from Midway Atoll, was not trained in the techniques of dive-bombing with their new Dauntlesses (having just partially converted from the SB2U Vindicator). Instead, its pilots resorted to the slower but easier glide bombing technique. This led to many of the SBDs being shot down when they became vulnerable during their glide, although one survivor from these attacks is now on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum and is the last surviving aircraft to fly in the battle. On the other hand, the carrier-borne squadrons were effective, especially when they were escorted by their Grumman F4F Wildcat teammates. The success of dive bombing was due to one important circumstance:
Unlike American squadrons that attacked shortly before one at a time, allowing defending Japanese Zero fighters to concentrate on each squadron to shoot them down or drive them away from the carriers, three squadrons totaling 47 SBDs (VS-6, VB-6, and VB-3), one squadron of 12 TBD torpedo aircraft (VT-3), and six F4F fighters (from VF-3) all arrived simultaneously, with two of the SBD squadrons (VS-6 and VB-6) arriving from a different direction from the other squadrons. Without central fighter direction, the approximately 40 Zeros concentrated on the TBDs, with some fighting the F4Fs covering the TBDs, leaving the SBDs unhindered by fighter opposition in their approach and attack (although most of the TBDs were shot down).
SBDs played a major role in the Guadalcanal Campaign, operating off both American carriers and from Henderson Field on Guadalcanal. SBDs attacked Japanese shipping throughout the campaign, and proved lethal to Japanese shipping that failed to clear the slot by daylight. Losses inflicted included the carrier Ryūjō, sunk near the Solomon Islands on 24 August. Three other Japanese carriers were damaged during the six-month campaign. SBDs sank a cruiser and nine transports during the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
During the decisive period of the Pacific War, the SBD's strengths and weaknesses became evident. While the American strength was dive bombing, the Japanese stressed their Nakajima B5N2 "Kate" torpedo bombers, which had caused the bulk of the damage during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
In the Atlantic Ocean the SBD saw action during Operation Torch, the Allied landings in North Africa in November 1942. The SBDs flew from USS Ranger and two escort carriers. Eleven months later, during Operation Leader, the SBDs saw their European debut when aircraft from Ranger attacked Nazi German shipping around Bodø, Norway.
By 1944 the U.S. Navy began replacing the SBD with the more powerful SB2C Helldiver.
During the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, a long range twilight strike was made against the retreating Japanese fleet, at (or beyond) the limit of the attacking airplanes' combat radius. The force had about twenty minutes of daylight over their targets before attempting the long return in the dark. Of the 215 aircraft, only 115 made it back. Twenty were lost to enemy action in the attack, while 80 more were lost when one by one they expended their fuel and had to ditch into the sea.In the attack, however, were 26 SBDs, all of which made it back to the carriers.
The Battle of the Philippine Sea was the last major engagement where SBDs made up a significant part of the carrier-borne bomber force. Marine squadrons continued to fly SBDs until the end of the war. Although the Curtiss Helldiver had a more powerful engine, a higher maximum speed and could carry nearly a thousand pounds more in bomb load, many of the dive bomber pilots preferred the SBD, which was lighter and had better low-speed handling characteristics, critical for carrier landings.
The Dauntless was one of the most important aircraft in the Pacific War, sinking more enemy shipping in the War in the Pacific than any other Allied bomber. In addition, Barrett Tillman, in his book on the Dauntless, claims that it has a "plus" score against enemy aircraft, meaning it was credited with more victories over enemy planes than losses due to enemy action. This is considered to be a rare event for a nominal "bomber".
A total of 5,936 SBDs were produced during the War. The last SBD rolled off the assembly lines at the Douglas Aircraft plant in El Segundo, California, on 21 July 1944. The Navy placed emphasis on the heavier, faster, and longer-ranged SB2C. From Pearl Harbor through April 1944, SBDs had flown 1,189,473 operational hours, with 25 percent of all operational hours flown off aircraft carriers being in SBDs. Its battle record shows that in addition to six Japanese carriers, 14 enemy cruisers had been sunk, along with six destroyers, 15 transports or cargo ships and scores of various lesser craft.
The U.S. Army Air Forces sent 52 A-24 Banshees in crates to the Philippines in the fall of 1941 to equip the 27th Bombardment Group, whose personnel were sent separately. However, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, these bombers were diverted to Australia and the 27th BG fought on the Bataan Peninsula as infantry. While in Australia the aircraft were reassembled for flight to the Philippines but their missing parts, including solenoids, trigger motors and gun mounts delayed their shipment. Plagued with mechanical problems, the A-24s were diverted to the 91st Bombardment Squadron and designated for assignment to Java Island instead.
Referring to themselves as "Blue Rock Clay Pigeons", the 91st BS attacked the enemy harbor and airbase at Bali and damaged or sank numerous ships around Java.[ citation needed ] After the Japanese downed two A-24s and damaged three so badly that they could no longer fly, the 91st received orders to evacuate Java in early March.
The A-24s remaining in Australia were assigned to the 8th Bombardment Squadron of 3d Bombardment Group, to defend New Guinea. On 26 July 1942, seven A-24s attacked a convoy off Buna, but only one survived: the Japanese shot down five of them and damaged the sixth so badly that it did not make it back to base. Regarded by many pilots as too slow, short ranged and poorly armed, the remaining A-24s were relegated to non-combat missions. In the U.S., the A-24s became training aircraft or towed targets for aerial gunnery training. The more powerful A-24B was used later against the Japanese forces in the Gilbert Islands.From December 1943 until March 1944, the 531st Fighter Squadron of the 7th Air Force flew A-24Bs from Makin Island in the Gilbert Islands against Japanese controlled islands in the Marshall Islands. The A-24Bs were then withdrawn from combat.
The A-24B (U.S. Navy SBD-5) arrived in 1943 powered by the 1,200-hp Wright R1820-60 engine. The 407th Bomb Group, assigned to the 11th Air Force, flew A-24Bs against the Japanese held island of Kiska, Alaska, during July and August 1943.
The B model was similar to the previous A-24 model but had a more powerful engine than either the A-24 or A-24A. As a result, A-24B could fly slightly faster and higher than the earlier models. The A-24B lacked the small air intake on the top of the engine cowling present on the earlier models and that is an easy way to distinguish the B model.
A handful of A-24s survived in the inventory of the USAAF long enough to be taken over by the Air Force when that service became independent of the Army in September 1947. The USAF established a new designation system for its aircraft, eliminating the "A-for-Attack" category, through 1962.
The twin-engined "A" versions were redesignated as bombers, with another Douglas Aircraft design, the A-26 Invader becoming the B-26 Invader. Most of the single-engined "A" aircraft were either classified as fighters, or scrapped. As a result, the Banshee was called the F-24 Banshee, although this aircraft was scrapped in 1950.
The first production Dauntless sent into action was the "SBD-3", which was produced for the French Naval Aviation. A total of 174 Dauntlesses were ordered by the French Navy, but with the fall of France in the spring of 1940 that production batch was diverted to the U.S. Navy, which ordered 410 more.
The Free French received about 80 SBD-5s and A-24Bs from the United States in 1944. They were used as trainers and close-support aircraft.
Squadron I/17 Picardie used a few A-24Bs for coastal patrol. The most combat-experienced of the Banshee units was GC 1/18 Vendee, which flew A-24Bs in support of Allied forces in southern France and also experienced how deadly German flak was, losing several aircraft in 1944. This squadron flew from North Africa to recently liberated Toulouse to support Allied and French resistance troops. Later, the unit was assigned to support attacks on cities occupied by the Germans on the French Atlantic coast. In April 1945 each SBD-5 averaged three missions a day in the European theater. In 1946 the French Air Force based its A-24Bs in Morocco as trainers.
French Navy Dauntlesses were based in Cognac at the end of 1944. The French Navy Dauntlesses were the last ones to see combat, during the Indochina War, flying from the carrier Arromanches (the former Royal Navy carrier Colossus). In late 1947 during one operation in the Indochina War, Flotille 4F flew 200 missions and dropped 65 tons of bombs. By 1949, the French Navy removed the Dauntless from combat status although the type was still flown as a trainer through 1953.
The Royal New Zealand Air Force received 18 SBD-3s and 23 SBD-4s, and RNZAF 25 Squadron used them successfully in combat over the South Pacific.
Under the original plan, four Squadrons (25, 26, 27 and 28 Sqn) of the RNZAF were going to be equipped with the Dauntless, but only 25 Sqn used them. The RNZAF soon replaced them with F4U Corsairs.
For surviving aircraft, hyphenated numbers are original U.S. Army Air Forces Serial Numbers (AAF Ser. No.); four or five digit numbers are original U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) Bureau Numbers (BuNo).
Data from McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
The Battle of Midway was a decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place between 4 and 7 June 1942, only six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz, Frank Jack Fletcher, and Raymond A. Spruance defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chūichi Nagumo, and Nobutake Kondō near Midway Atoll, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable. Military historian John Keegan called it "the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare".
Hiryū was an aircraft carrier built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1930s. The only ship of her class, she was built to a modified Sōryū design. Her aircraft supported the Japanese invasion of French Indochina in mid-1940. She took part in the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Wake Island. During the first few months of the Pacific War, the ship supported the conquest of the Dutch East Indies in January 1942. The following month, her aircraft bombed Darwin, Australia, and continued to assist in the Dutch East Indies campaign. In April, Hiryū's aircraft helped sink two British heavy cruisers and several merchant ships during the Indian Ocean raid.
A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy for the bomb it drops. Diving towards the target simplifies the bomb's trajectory and allows the pilot to keep visual contact throughout the bomb run. This allows attacks on point targets and ships, which were difficult to attack with conventional level bombers, even en masse.
Samuel Jackson Underhill was a naval aviator of the United States Navy who was killed in action during the Battle of the Coral Sea.
The Curtiss SB2C Helldiver is a carrier-based dive bomber aircraft produced for the United States Navy during World War II. It replaced the Douglas SBD Dauntless in US Navy service. The SB2C was much faster than the SBD it replaced.
The Vought SB2U Vindicator is an American carrier-based dive bomber developed for the United States Navy in the 1930s, the first monoplane in this role. Obsolete at the outbreak of World War II, Vindicators still remained in service at the time of the Battle of Midway, but by 1943, all had been withdrawn to training units. It was known as the Chesapeake in Royal Navy service.
Cactus Air Force refers to the ensemble of Allied air power assigned to the island of Guadalcanal from August 1942 until December 1942 during the early stages of the Guadalcanal Campaign, particularly those operating from Henderson Field. The term "Cactus" comes from the Allied code name for the island. In 1943 the Cactus Air Force was subsumed into (AirSols), a joint command of Allied air units in the Solomon Islands.
Marine Attack Squadron 231 (VMA-231) is a United States Marine Corps fixed wing attack squadron that consists of AV-8B Harrier (V/STOL) jets. The squadron, known as the "Ace of Spades", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and fall under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.
Eugene A. Greene (1921–1942) was a United States Navy officer who received the Navy Cross posthumously for his actions in the Battle of Midway during World War II.
Lofton Russell Henderson was a United States Marine Corps aviator during World War II. He commanded Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 241 (VMSB-241) at the Battle of Midway and died while leading his squadron to attack the Japanese carrier forces.
Albert William Tweedy Jr., a United States Marine Corps aviator, was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions in the Battle of Midway during World War II. The USS Tweedy was named in his honor.
Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 244 (VMSB-244) was a dive bomber squadron in the United States Marine Corps. The squadron, also known as the “Bombing Banshees”, fought in World War II in the Pacific Theater as part of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing. They were deactivated shortly after the end of the war.
Naval Air Station DeLand was a United States Naval Air Station located in DeLand, Florida from 1942 to 1946. After the war, the airfield and associated infrastructure was redeveloped into DeLand Municipal Airport
Richard C. Mangrum was a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general who served as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps from 1965 to 1967. Mangrum was a Marine Corps aviator who was awarded the Navy Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions during the Guadalcanal Campaign in World War II.
Lieutenant Commander Richard Halsey "Dick" Best, USN, was a dive bomber pilot and squadron commander in the United States Navy during World War II. Stationed on the USS Enterprise, Best led his dive bomber squadron at the 1942 Battle of Midway, sinking one Japanese aircraft carrier and potentially damaging another, before being invalided out with tuberculosis that same year.
Delbert W. Halsey (1919–1942) was a United States Navy officer who received the Navy Cross posthumously for his actions in combat during World War II.
A and T Recovery is an American company that has the primary purpose to locate and recover once lost World War II United States Navy aircraft for presentation to the American public. They have recovered nearly forty such aircraft, mainly from Lake Michigan. The aircraft were lost during the aircraft carrier qualification conducted out of the former Naval Air Station Glenview that was located north of Chicago, Illinois. The Navy had used two ships, the USS Wolverine (IX-64) and the USS Sable (IX-81), to qualify thousands of pilots.
Norman Jack "Dusty" Kleiss was a dive-bomber pilot in the United States Navy during World War II.
The Enterprise Air Group was established on 1 July 1938, encompassing all squadrons embarked in USS Enterprise (CV-6). The group was divided into four squadrons, each with eighteen aircraft dedicated to a particular role. The squadrons were designated according to their role, and all were given the unit number six, derived from the hull number of the Enterprise. Bombing Six (VB-6) was equipped with Douglas SBD-2 Dauntless dive bombers, Fighting Six (VF-6) with Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat fighters, and Torpedo Six (VT-6) with Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo bombers. The fourth squadron, Scouting Six (VS-6) also had the SBD-2 Dauntless, but was more focused on the scout bomber role. This air group was embarked on board the Yorktown-class aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6) at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Our hydraulic power units are used in a variety of different situations. Sometimes they are required to be operated in potentially explosive atmospheres.
At the heart of every hydraulic system is a power unit. It needs to be reliable and be capable of performing the job at hand. We design each of our power packs to be cost effective, reliable solutions. They are application-specific to complement our cylinders.
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Contact us and let us know of the specifications required on your power pack, and we can support you in meeting your requirements.
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Our valve blocks are known for being extremely accurate and therefore enabling a fast precision finish even when a volume flow rate of 750 litres per minute is in use.
With every system that we supply, we provide system-specific data sheets and fully comprehensive documentation. Whether it’s an ATEX certified unit or not we can provide you with certification and inspections as required.
Whatever you are looking for in terms of a hydraulic power unit, know that our range are designed by our engineers to provide you with a smart solution to your needs. Contact us today to discuss your requirements.
In this article we want to explain the ins and outs of hydraulic powerpacks. A vital piece of equipment that is used with so many machines we see every day.
In a nutshell, hydraulic powerpacks are self contained units that are used instead of a built in power supply for hydraulic machinery. Hydraulic power uses fluid to transmit power from one location to another in order to run a machine. It really is as simple as that.
So what do they look like?
In order to recognise and better understand hydraulic powerpacks, it is a good idea to get to know the key components. Hydraulic powerpacks come in many different shapes and sizes, some are very large and stationary whereas others are much smaller and more compact. In fact, some hydraulic powerpacks are so compact that they can easily be transported in a small van or even an estate car.
The only real way to identify hydraulic powerpacks is through its main components. No matter the size of the unit, all power packs will have the following; a hydraulic reservoir, regulators, a pump, motor, pressure supply lines and relief lines.
What do these components do?
It may be obvious to some but in this post we wanted to explain every hydraulic power pack component as simply as possible. So here goes.
First up is the hydraulic reservoir which quite simply holds the fluid. Reservoirs will come in different sizes.
Then we have the regulators. Regulators are vital as they control and maintain the amount of pressure that the hydraulic powerpack delivers.
Thirdly we have the pressure supply lines and relief lines. The supply line simply supplies fluid under pressure to the pump and the relief lines relieve pressure between the pump and the valves. The relief lines also control the direction of flow through the system.
Finally we have the pump and a motor. We will begin with the simpler component of the two, the motor. The motor is simply there to power the pump. Easy as that. Now the pump generally performs two actions. Firstly, it operates as a vacuum at the pump inlet and through atmospheric pressure forces fluid from the reservoir into the inlet line and then to the pump. It then delivers the fluid to the pump outlet and pumps it into the hydraulic system. We did warn you that the second part would be slightly more confusing.
So what is the function of hydraulic powerpacks?
Hydraulic powerpacks deliver power through a control valve which in turn runs the machine it is connected to. Hydraulic powerpacks come with a variety of valve connections. This means that you can power a variety of machines by using the appropriate valves.
Hydraulic powerpacks are relied upon by a range of different machines that use hydraulic power to do its work. If a machine is required to carry out heavy or systematic lifting then its likely it would need help from a hydraulic powerpack.
To make it easier for you to understand, we have included a list of trades that regularly rely on our powerpacks. On a building site you will see machines like bulldozers and excavators, which both need hydraulic powerpacks. But, it is not just on building sites that you will find these types of machines. Fishermen and mechanics both need hydraulic powerpacks too. If we did not have them then how would fishermen lift their nets or how would mechanics lift our cars?
When picking a hydraulic powerpack there are a variety of pumps and options to pick from and it is important to pick the right pack to meet your machines needs. It is also important to consider a pack that will help maximise productivity and minimise cost.
Many people will overlook the necessity of hydraulic powerpacks, but they really are vital to ensuring our society runs efficiently.
Do you need to maintain hydraulic powerpacks?
Yes you do and this is hugely important! Hydraulic powerpacks require regular maintenance to ensure they are working properly and safely and to help extend their life. Maintaining hydraulic powerpacks is relatively simple and includes checking the tubing, this can be for any noticeable problems such as dents or cracks. It is also vital to regularly change the hydraulic fluid and look at the reservoir to check for any corrosion or rust in hydraulic power packs.
What hydraulic powerpacks do we provide?
Generally we provide four different types of hydraulic powerpacks. You can pick from a standard powerpack, a mini powerpack, a micro powerpack or a bespoke powerpack.
The standard hydraulic powerpack uses a standard range of modular components and is ideal for the most demanding industrial applications. The mini powerpack is ideal for applications requiring up to 5.5kW. The micro hydraulic powerpacks were originally produced for mobility applications, so are great for when space is limited. Finally, if none of these seem to fit your needs then we offer bespoke hydraulic powerpacks ensuring your application gets the hydraulic powerpack it requires.
Finally, who is the genius behind hydraulic powerpacks?
The man behind hydraulics was Laissez Pascal. A French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher who lived in the mid seventeenth century. Pascal made observations about fluid and pressure which led to Pascal’s law. Pascal's law states that when there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other point in the container. Hydraulic powerpacks have been designed based on Pascal's law of physics, drawing their power from ratios of area and pressure.
So, interested in our Power Packs? Come on over to the main website and see what we can do for your Hydraulic Power Pack Needs .
There have been many comparisons between hydraulics and pneumatics in the past with each having their own benefits.
As designers and manufacturers of the highest quality hydraulic parts we are very proud of our mini hydraulic power packs, which can be driven from 12 or 24-volt direct current (DC) supplies. Our OEM customers rely on our consistency and quality to build functional and reliable equipment, including tail lifts, tipper trucks and trailers. Typically, our 3kW output motor, which relies on a 24v DC supply, is used to raise and lower the ramps of trailers used to transport heavy equipment. The nature of the equipment using the ramp, means that the ramp itself must be sturdy in construction and therefore, quite heavy to lift. The 3kW mini power pack does this with ease, and is fan cooled to guard against overheating.
For more lightweight applications, such as tailgate lifts on commercial passenger vehicles, a smaller output is needed. For these uses a 12v mini hydraulic power pack is used, as the 12v motor can be wired into standard vehicle electrical circuits for tailgate lift functions. The 12v model is available with a 500W or 800W output, so the choice depends on the amount of power that is needed to drive the hydraulic pump in the system.
We manufacture our products to be compatible with all major brands of pumps and valves, so they can be used in any system where a new component is needed, or the system needs to be upgraded to handle a larger capacity. Our valves and other components we manufacture, are also designed to be used in a wide variety of systems, and with a global distribution network we can serve your DC hydraulic motor needs wherever you are.
Our mini hydraulic power packs may be small (around 16 inches long) but they are capable of packing a mighty punch; the model with most capacity is the 3kW, 24v model, but the 12v and 24v models have outputs between 0.5kW and 2kW. This is a wide range of strengths, allowing our customers to use the most efficient and appropriate motor for their needs. This range also means systems can be designed with the lowest possible power consumption across all parts, but with the most efficient hydraulic output of that power. System designers do not have to compromise on power because the ideal output size is not available. We do make bespoke components, so even if we don't have the exact off-the-shelf DC power pack you need, we can still make it happen for you.
Our micro hydraulic power packs are also a great option for when one of our mini power packs are too large for the space available. They are only 89mm square and can be discreetly installed in the moving arm of a security barrier or automatic gate system. The 0.5kW mini motor with 12v DC supply is often used for step lifts and other applications where the load to be moved is not too heavy, so step lifts and passenger lifts on small vans or taxis that will not be taking huge equipment, can be driven by one of these smaller motors. Running on a 12v DC supply means that the tail lift system can be seamlessly integrated into the electrical systems of the vehicle, and operated from the standard dashboard. The driver can raise or lower the lift from the comfort of the driver’s seat and not worry about having to use separate controls for this action.
If you are reading this as an OEM then please do not hesitate to get in touch with us. If we haven't got your ideal component listed on our website, then we will be delighted to create a bespoke product that answers your problems, all manufactured on site in the UK. Call us today on 01452 523352
Hydraulics has been around for a very long time. But are you aware of how far it has actually come? You wouldn’t be alone if you responded with no. It is a very technical subject that can be quite difficult to understand, but in this article we want to tell you the story of hydraulics! We want to share with you who discovered hydraulics, what it was originally used for and how hydraulic power got to where it is today.
So why don’t we start at the beginning! Where does the word hydraulic come from?
The word hydraulic originates from the Greek word ‘Hydros’ which means water. Why water? Well, this is because water was the first liquid to be used in the hydraulic system. Today, hydraulics includes the physical behaviour of all liquids, not just water.
As you are aware we love hydraulic power, we wouldn’t do what we do if we didn’t. But, today we wanted to write an article on some of our favourite machines that are powered by hydraulic powerpacks. We have told you before that the world is a better place because of hydraulic powerpacks, and today we are going to prove it.
Firstly we have chosen to look at how hydraulic powerpacks help the everyday mechanic.
In the UK, there are as many as 36 million cars registered on the roads. At many points during a cars life, they will need to visit a garage. Hydraulic lifts are vital for mechanics to see and get under your car and our hydraulic powerpacks can easily connect to your mechanics lift, providing all the power it needs to lift up your car. This in turn not only makes a mechanics job much easier, but it also means your car has been thoroughly checked over. Thanks to hydraulic power your car will spend a minimal amount of time out of action.
Hydraulic power packs, such as the ones supplied by Hydraproducts, are a vital part of the construction industry. With a huge push on new home building across the country, it is a daily occurrence to see heavy plant equipment moving earth and preparing groundworks for construction. All of these ‘earth moving’ machines use hydraulic power to effect motion in the moving parts, with hydraulic rams serving as the muscles of the machine to raise and lower a digging arm, or to move large pipes into place for infrastructure development.
Hydraulic power packs allow the machinery to generate more power in the moving parts than if just the engine power alone was directly driving the hydraulics, so they mean a smaller excavator can move as much as a larger one without the need for that extra space. On new build sites, there is a lot of space to start with, so there is no issue with the largest machinery manoeuvring around the site. When houses start to go up and roads are installed, there is less machinery space and it makes sense to use a smaller version of a particular machine that has the same power capabilities.
A hydraulic power pack can also reduce the amount of fuel used to drive the hydraulic components, as most heavy earth moving equipment has a range of modes that can be selected to give the right amount of power while remaining economical. Digging out large amounts of earth will use a lot of power, and this can be increased above the machinery capacity by using a hydraulic power pack. Fine grading of embankments, or excavating over mains power, gas or sewage pipes requires a fine degree of control that is best achieved at a lower power. Hydraulic power packs can help to control this when used in combination with the modes available on the machinery itself. The effect is a reduction in fuel used to generate the hydraulic power and a considerable cost saving over the lifespan of a project.
Because the earth moving equipment uses hydraulics there is no need to employ a separate engineer to maintain and repair the hydraulic power packs as they use the same technology, so there is no extra cost in maintenance terms, just the cost of the power pack. When considering this investment, it is important to understand that the better control leads to improved productivity and workforce morale, as well as a lower outlay on fuel.
Hydraulic power packs are not confined to use in the preparatory stages of a large building project, however, they are also used to work cranes, that lift roof struts into place; in forklifts, that move materials around the site and even in concrete pumping machines, that are used to lay floors and external hard standing surfaces. Hydraproducts are very happy to work with equipment manufacturers to find or design the perfect hydraulic power pack for the construction industry.
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More on Uroplasty (UPI): Q4 misses across the board as total sales slipped 1% year over year. U.S. sales increased 2%, driven by an 11% increase in sales of the Urgent(R) PC Neuromodulation System, but global sales declined 1% to $5.5M. Additionally, the company said that Wisconsin Physicians Services, a Medicare Administrative Contractor providing benefits to approximately 8.7M Medicare beneficiaries in nine Midwestern states, will begin coverage for its Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation device as a treatment for overactive bladders and associated symptoms starting June 1. Shares +9.8% AH.
More on Uroplasty (UPI): Q4 misses across the board as total sales slipped 1% year over year....
ETF Screener: Search and filter by asset class, strategy, theme, performance, yield, and much more
ETF Performance: View ETF performance across key asset classes and investing themes
ETF Investing Guide: Learn how to build and manage a well-diversified, low cost ETF portfolio
ETF Selector: An explanation of how to select and use ETFs

domain: economics


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For every dollar that Americans spent on yesterday’s Thanksgiving dinner meals, growers and ranchers received just 12.1 cents — even less than their average slice of the pie throughout the year.
That’s according to the annual Thanksgiving Farmer’s Share Report from Washington, D.C.-based National Farmers Union (NFU). The findings compare the retail food price of traditional holiday dinner items to the amount farmers receive for each item they grow or raise.
The lower rates combined with ongoing geopolitical disputes, extreme weather patterns and uncertainty about market facilitation program payments are leaving many farmers struggling this holiday season, according to Roger Johnson, president of the NFU.
“While consumer holiday food costs continue to decline, incomes for American farm and ranch families are have dropped dramatically over the past seven years,” Johnson said in a statement. “We’re in the midst of the worst farm economic downturn in generations.”
This year, wheat farmers averaged $0.03 for 12 dinner rolls that retail for $2.69. Dairy producers received $1.66 from a $4.59 gallon of milk. Turkey growers, who raised the staple Thanksgiving dish, received $0.06 per pound.
“Farmers and ranchers play the most valuable role in actually producing the food that is served at holiday dinners, yet they make just pennies on the dollar for their products,” Johnson said. “The farmer’s share of the retail food dollar continues its gradual decline from year-to-year as food companies take in record profits and family farmers sell their farms.”
However, the report also highlights a “robust and important” U.S. food system, according to Tim Boring, vice president of the Michigan Agri-Business Association.
On average, farmers receive 14.6 cents of every food dollar consumers spend throughout the year, while more than 85 percent of food costs cover marketing, processing, wholesaling, distribution and retailing, according to the report.
“We have a remarkably cheap and safe food system today, and that is the result of a lot of robustness within the processing sector,” Boring told MiBiz. “There are a lot of hands that touch our food as it moves through the system and it makes sense then, when you step back a little bit and understand that there are an awful lot of different things that go into, in this case, what our Thanksgiving dinner ends up looking like.”
While some Michigan farmers are struggling — particularly soybean growers— many farms are still profitable, said Boring, who also farms land in Stockbridge, Mich.
“We’re producing commodities and it’s natural to have peaks and valleys within those systems,” he said.
Michigan is the second most agriculturally diverse state in the U.S. and due to its robust turkey, wheat, fruit and vegetable industries, many of the foods that ended up on Thanksgiving plates came from the region, according to Boring.
Consumers who are “rightly concerned” about the lower-than-average percentage of farmer profit that went into their holiday meal can “vote with their pocketbook” the next time they are at the grocer, Boring said.
“Michigan is a wonderfully diverse state,” he said. “There are a lot of products on the grocery shelf that directly contribute to the economy here in Michigan. All too often, we shop just based solely on price with our food, but for consumers that are interested in investing in Michigan agriculture, there is definitely some opportunity to do that.”
News coverage in the food/agribusiness section of MiBiz is made possible by advertising support from Dan Vos Construction Company. Dan Vos Construction strives to serve people and to enhance life, while maintaining long-term relationships with customers, sub-contractors and employees. This advertisement has no effect on editorial consideration in MiBiz.

domain: agronomy


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I know that my son is becoming over weight. And last night I was talking to my husband about seeing if we can get him to join the gym but they don't want under age of 15 at the gym. So I want to ask if he can come because he'd be there with us. I don't think small gyms should put an age limit on these things because some kids need the exercise. My son isn't into sports so he doesn't get the excercise that some get.
But when I read that some schools want to weigh our kids to help with obesity that is just crazy. The school should only be able to provide a healthy meal. The school that my son goes to had to make cut backs and gym class is no longer in the program. Now the teachers job is to have them do jumping jacks, etc for 10 minutes a day. That is not a teachers job. That is for gym class.

domain: sociology


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An easy quesadilla made with pan roasted corn, red peppers, onions, and lots of Pepper Jack cheese. An easy dinner perfect for a busy weeknight!
Flour tortillas (Burrito size will yield 3 quesadillas, taco sized tortillas will yield about 8 quesadillas)
1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil
1 15oz can of corn, drained (or you can use cooked frozen corn, or even fresh corn if you have it)
2 red peppers, diced
1/2 of a large white onion, sliced thin
1/2 tsp salt
1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
1/8 teaspoon black pepper
1 8oz block pepper jack cheese, grated
1 lime, cut into wedges
1. In a medium pan over medium heat and the tablespoon of extra virgin olive oil. Add the sliced onions, saute 5 minutes. Add the red peppers, corn, salt, garlic powder, cayenne, and black pepper. Saute 15 minutes, gradually raising the heat until the corn gets a lightly browned crisp, don’t stir too often so that the onions, corn, and peppers can brown. If it’s sticking to the bottom of the pan, add water a teaspoon at a time to deglaze the pan and stir. After the 15 minutes, pour mixture into a bowl and squeeze two lime wedges over top and stir. Clean the pan to begin making the quesadillas.
2. Heat the cleaned pan over medium heat. Place a tortilla in the pan and cook for 1:30-2 minutes to brown. If you like a softer quesadilla only cook for about 1-1:30 minutes. Once it’s as browned as you like it, carefully flip the tortilla over and cook that side how you like it (I do 2 minutes because I like mine crispier). While this side is toasting, assemble by layering the cheese and then the corn and red pepper mixture. Top with another tortilla. Flip to toast this final side, cooking about 1:30 – 2 minutes, checking to see when it’s gotten as browned as you like it. Remove, slice into triangles and enjoy! Repeat until all the cheese and corn red pepper mixture has been used.
Top with crema or sour cream, Cotija cheese and shredded lettuce if you’d like!
Keywords: corn and red pepper quesadilla

domain: food


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Financial Management Association FMA is a pupil group at CSULB COB that brings collectively like-minded students. We offer a variety of actions, career improvement, and management alternatives. Our company’s merchandise are significantly strong in serving companies that require expensive equipment to run the business which lends itself nicely to tools leasing. Good examples are embroidery tools, signal making gear and restaurant tools. Also, if a vehicle is required to handle the business, we will prepare for the purchase at dealers cost and financing together with any tools and tools wanted to be within the automobile to operate the business. Good examples are the instruments wanted to do carpentry, plumbing and pool testing work at a job website. The SBFA is a non-profit advocacy group dedicated to making sure Main Street small businesses have entry to the capital they want to develop and strengthen the financial system.
- Whatever your life’s objectives, our monetary professionals might help design a method tailored to your particular wants.
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A large portion of time on this course is spent on threat management and commercial banks. Students also become familiar with the Federal Reserve System and international banking. Offered solely to finance majors, this concentration Business focuses on the quantitative side of economic markets, targeting the practical application of quantitative techniques, along with using monetary concept.
Profession Within The Classroom:Profession Informed Learning
Your program will empower you to become a business professional wherever God has referred to as you. This program permits college students to develop the power to gauge financial issues and formulate sound monetary selections and insurance policies. Although emphasis is on financial management of profit-oriented organizations, the ideas and concepts lined are applicable to nonprofit and governmental organizations. Graduates with a business degree have an inside track to the American Dream. Careers within the Accounting and Wealth Management space are experiencing high growth which is anticipated to proceed.
As a student pursuing your MBA with a focus in international finance at TROY, you’ll have the prospect to dig deeper into issues regarding international finance than you would when you enrolled in a standard MBA program. Your career in finance begins with buying abilities that set you other than most working professionals. You thrive in that career based on the belief you earn from the people round you and the development you convey to their lives. Pursuing company finance may lead you to turn into an analyst or government at a multinational company or a key member of a start-up venture. Pursuing wealth administration would possibly lead you to financial planning, asset administration, or insurance, both as half of a big agency or as a business owner. You may also pursue commercial banking, investment banking, or management consulting. You could have the opportunity to give consideration to investments, corporate finance, financial institutions and international finance.


We perform all types of major and minor garage door repairs, at the lowest prices.
Replace your worn out garage door with something brand new. Quick, high quality service.
We can repair or change all kinds of garage door parts and mechanisms.
Garage Repair Rockford is an established local organization dedicated to delivering quality garage door installation and repair throughout Grant View Heights.
We provide competitive rates on all of our services. We have locations throughout the state of Illinois and are on call any time to help you with any problems you may have repairing or enhancing your home or for emergency repairs.
We install, fix, and switch out garage doors and garage door openers. We have a wide variety of styles and materials that are available that fit any price range. In addition to home garage doors and garage door openers, we install doors for shops, farm buildings, storage centers, and other industrial applications.
Our technicians in Grant View Heights will be sure to help you make the best decision to repair or upgrade your garage door. Rest assured that any technician coming to your home will be honest, competent, and responsive. All work is warrantied and done with care. We recognize that your time is valuable and we plan to surpass your expectations.
A garage door is tremendously essential to the daily function and comfort of your home. In fact, a lot of homeowners in Grant View Heights make use of their garage doors more frequently than their entry doors. However, a garage door can likewise be dangerous to fix if you do not have the proper knowledge and experience. Garage doors are heavy and operate under a massive level of stress. This tension makes a garage door work, however it can also be harmful to newbie repair work specialists or do-it-yourselfers.
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As property owners and businesses we rely on our garage door openers many times a day. Many of us use them as our entry and exit point, so smooth predictable function is essential. So when garage door systems have to be fixed, we call for trusted services immediately. Grant View Heights fixes broken garage door springs, garage door operators and broken or functional garage doors and we are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Not only can we take care of or fix your garage door, but we also provide the very best selection of quality, strong, energy efficient and eye-catching garage doors for Grant View Heights area property owners and business enterprise with products and craftsmanship that are guaranteed to last.
Garage doors are more than a simple fixture. Your family uses your garage numerous times a day to comfortably exit and enter your house. When you need a new garage door, you want a high quality product that mixes form and functionality.
We provide a large variety of residential garage doors in Grant View Heights from Clopay and wood Carriage House Door Company doors. Each one of our garage door products are specifically crafted from the best materials and evaluated against the harshest conditions to guarantee long-term performance and reliability.
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When considering a new garage door opener with Garage Repair Rockford, we have openers to fit any budget. We understand the critical things you would like in garage door openers and we strive to provide you the best in products and service. So, if you're trying to find a garage door opener in Grant View Heights and the surrounding local areas, you've come to the right place and our skilled specialists will be happy to suggest the best product for your needs.
Our garage door openers offer a broad selection in performance, features and longevity - more so than many other opener brand names. Our types provide the best in essential safety and security features and are available with a variety of horse power levels and drive systems for all kinds of door and applications. They are proven to stand up to even the harshest elements and years of prolonged use. They are available with advanced accessories designed to make house access a lot more practical. From replacement units, multi-function controls, wireless keypads to wi-fi capability, we offer an extensive line of garage door openers and accessories.


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Allover Birds Bottle
Regular price $20.00
Shipping calculated at checkout.
Stay hydrated in style with this distinctive Allover Birds Bottle with cap. Designed by illustrator and artist Michelle Simpson, this clear bottle features her unique, graphic style in an flock of colourful birds of every breed and plumage.
Material: Glass/Stainless Steel

domain: design


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A Girl in Haarlem: Religion, Politics, and Gender in the 80 Years’ War
After studying both the history of 16th century Haarlem as well as several historical plays by accomplished playwrights, I wrote a 40-minute five-act play entitled ‘A Girl In Haarlem’, set in the Dutch city of Haarlem in the midst of the 80 Years’ War of Independence. The play follows the life of Cornelia Korving, a young woman living in Haarlem in the year 1572. Five years into the War, tensions between the traditional Catholic supporters of the Spanish throne and the idealistic patriots battling for a new, self-sustaining Republic are higher than ever. Nevertheless, conservative Cornelia finds herself drawn to Pieter de Maas, a patriotic rebel with dreams of freeing his country and traveling the world. Together, they face both political and social dilemmas, battling their pre-existing assumptions, beliefs, and dreams as their relationship develops. The play focuses on the traditional roles of men and women in and out of wartime, as well as the duality of religion and politics.
Hannah wrote a five-act play to share what she learned about Dutch history in 16th century Haarlem.
My mentor, Elizabeth, was excellent! The experience was truly collaborative as we built ideas off each other to create a carefully-crafted piece.

domain: literature


NEW HANOVER COUNTY, NC (WECT) - A man accused by several women on Facebook of making inappropriate advances in the Ogden area was found guilty of simple assault Monday.
Jonathan Sarner, who was accused of grabbing a woman in the Big Lots parking lot in Ogden in April, was sentenced 12 months of probation and received a 45-day suspended sentence.
Sarner also was ordered to pay court costs and a $50 fine. He also must wear a SCRAM (Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring) bracelet for 60 days and continue substance abuse treatment at Oxford House.
Around that same time frame, several women began posting claims on Facebook that they also had been approached by Sarner.
Sarner admitted to making inappropriate comments toward women but felt there were a lot of false accusations being made about him.


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Format: book & CD
Label & Cat.Number: FOARM ISSN # 1544-9068
Release Year: 2007
Note: 156 pages book with mainly sound-art related articles & poetry about the theme "Autonomy", feat. ACHIM WOLLSCHEID, GIANCARLO TONIUTTI, ARSENIJE JOVANOVIC (also on the CD), FRANCISCO LOPEZ, JOHN DUNCAN, LIONEL MARCHETTI, MICHAEL J. SCHUMACHER and many more, on the CD: BARBARA HELD, JONAS BAES, JOSE MACEDA, MICHAEL J. SCHUMACHER, A. JOVANOVIC. Published by SETH NEHIL and others. Recommended!
Price (incl. 19% VAT): €17.50
More Info"We are very excited to present FO A RM no. 5, a special sound-art issue with an exclusive full-length CD complimenting the writings. FO A RM 5 (Autonomy) is an examination of sound and freedom, a look at how artists and audiences take responsibility for their place in the world. Topic editor and composer Michael J. Schumacher asks - How can we save ourselves from the undermining forces of commercialization and homogenization by using the system in place, but returning as little as possible to it ? From a variety of perspectives along the fringes, we probe this question and raise many others. Including a special section on the great Filipino composer Jose Maceda, with rare writings and scores - an in-depth interview with Serbian radio artist Arsenije Jovanovic - writings by sound artists Giancarlo Toniutti, Francisco Lopez, Achim Wollscheid and John Duncan - notes on improvisation by Michael Bullock - a probe into musical autonomy in the armed forces - writings on sound installation by physicist Luis Lopez with composer Barbara Held - a profile of Diapason sound gallery (NYC) and the Berwick Research Institute (Boston) - a poetic essay by musique concrete composer Lionel Marchetti - the early scores of Robert Ashley examined by avant-garde cellist Alex Waterman - experimental poetry by Paolo Javier, Steven Zultanski and Travis Nichols - art by Jan Anderzen - and much more ! PLUS, in collaboration with Sedimental Records, an amazing 80-minute CD with music by Jonas Baes, Barbara Held, Arsenije Jovanovic, Jose Maceda and Michael J. Schumacher !" [publishing house info]
|© 2007 Drone Records | | Celler Strasse 33, 28205 Bremen, Germany | Impressum / Allgemeine Geschaftsbedingungen / Haftungsausschluss||Links to the scene|

domain: artistic


A proposed mine near Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument threatens water, wildlife and dark skies — as well as the Penobscot Nation’s way of life and decades’ worth of work in restoring endangered fish.
EDITOR’S NOTE, Feb. 14, 2024: Maine’s Land Use Planning Commission has denied the zinc mine proposal.
Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument preserves 87,500 acres along Maine’s East Branch of the Penobscot River. Its vast boreal forests, abundant wildlife and flowing rivers inspired American conservationists from poet Henry David Thoreau to President Theodore Roosevelt and led to its establishment as a national monument in 2016.
Maine’s iconic sports fish, brook trout, as well as bear, moose and the Canada lynx, which is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, rank among the national monument’s wildlife. Hikers, skiers, mountain bikers, hunters and anglers alike enjoy this land — a total of 43,000 visitors came to Katahdin Woods and Waters in 2022 and spent $3 million in the local economy.
This area of Maine also contains minerals. Wolfden Resources Corporation, an exploration company based in Ontario, Canada, has proposed building a zinc mine just seven miles from the border of Katahdin Woods and Waters’ Seboeis area. For the mine to be built, 374 acres near the Penobscot River headwaters must be rezoned from forestry and agriculture to planned development. Maine’s Land Use Planning Commission (LUPC) is considering Wolfden’s rezoning request and plans to make a decision in February 2024.
NPCA and the monument’s neighbor, the Penobscot Nation, are urging the LUPC to reject this rezoning request.
“After reading Wolfden’s application, it is abundantly clear that their mining proposal is a serious threat to the clean waters, dark skies, quiet solitude, viewshed and endangered species of the Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument,” NPCA’s Todd Martin, Northeast regional program manager, said in testimony this fall before Maine’s Land Use Planning Commission.
Wolfden stated in its application that the mine, located at Pickett Mountain, would have an estimated lifetime of 10-15 years.
So far, the company has not disclosed where it would site the mine’s ore concentration plant or tailings management facilities. Tailings — the residue left after separating a desired mineral from unwanted minerals — can create sulfuric acid drainage, which could pollute nearby waters and kill aquatic life, Martin said.
According to the Maine Geological Survey, Pickett Mountain contains 5 million metric tons of sulfide rock. When exposed to air and rain or snow, sulfide-rich tailings from the mine could create sulfuric acid mine drainage which could flow into local waterways, lower the pH and lead to fish kills. The waterways surrounding Pickett Mountain are key habitat for Atlantic salmon, brook trout and many other aquatic species.
The Penobscot Nation has said the proposed mine threatens their communities’ way of life. That’s why the Tribe, along with the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, has formally intervened against the project.
The Penobscot Nation considers the river a beloved relative, a belief reflected in its official enrollment of the river as a citizen of the Penobscot Nation in 2019.
“We hunt and fish and gather there, and we respect the river as our relative who provides sustenance to us,” said Chuck Loring, director of the Penobscot Nation Department of Natural Resources.
Loring’s staff has testified before the LUPC that run-off from the mine could undo 30 years’ worth of efforts by the Tribe to improve the water quality of the Penobscot River watershed — a critical habitat for endangered Atlantic salmon and brook trout and where the Tribe holds sustenance fishing rights.
The Penobscot River hosts the largest run of native Atlantic salmon left in the United States.
As many as 100,000 salmon a year once migrated from the Gulf of Maine to the spawning grounds near Mt. Katahdin, but industry pollution and the installation of 100 dams along the river have decimated the fish population.
For decades, the Tribe has worked to rebuild the salmon populations, a project that has included the removal of two dams and the successful opening of 2,000 miles of historic sea-runs for the fish. Salmon are among fish species that live in the ocean for part of their lives and return to cool fresh waters to lay their eggs.
The Tribe is seeing their work pay off with increasing numbers of salmon and other migrating fish in Maine in recent years, with about 1,600 salmon counted in 2023, up from previous years’ typical 1,000 to 1,500.
“With that area being as crucial as it is to salmon habitat restoration and future habitat, it’s not the place for a mine,” Loring said.
Hardrock minerals are important in developing clean energy technologies, with zinc used in the construction of wind turbines and solar panels.
However, NPCA believes the siting of these mines needs to be given careful consideration.
Other problems with the proposed rezoning that concern NPCA:
• Lighting from the proposed mine could put at risk Katahdin’s 2020 designation as an International Dark Sky Sanctuary for the exceptional quality of its naturally dark night skies.
The monument has long prided itself on night sky tourism and has hosted a dark skies celebration for the past 10 years. The National Park Service determined that Katahdin Woods and Waters has some of the darkest nights skies east of the Mississippi River and plans to construct a new night sky viewing platform in the monument’s Seboeis area.
• Noise created by blasting explosives, rock crushing, dump trucks and other construction equipment would disrupt the monument’s natural sounds for wildlife and visitors alike.
• Obstructed views would result from the mine site’s headframe and hoist, which would rise approximately 80 feet above the tree line. Wolfden’s construction of a nearly 9-mile transmission line through the gateway community of Patten to power the mine, as well as the clearing of 129 acres of forest for a 46-acre solar array, also would diminish views.
The site of Wolfden’s proposed mine is currently zoned to permit forestry and agricultural management, which Loring said is in keeping with Tribal management.
“It’s a pretty sensitive area up there,” Loring said. “As far as Maine goes, it’s as good as it gets. It’s peaceful and quaint.”
“Wolfden’s proposed mine threatens Katahdin Woods and Waters,” Martin said. “This watershed is too important to the vitality of the fish, wildlife and Maine way of life to let this mine be placed here.”
The LUPC will vote on Wolfden’s rezoning request in February 2024. If approved, Wolfden will need a mining permit from the Maine Department of Environmental Protection. NPCA will continue to work alongside the Penobscot Nation to oppose the project.
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About the author
Linda Coutant Staff Writer
As staff writer on the Communications team, Linda Coutant manages the Park Advocate blog and coordinates the monthly Park Notes e-newsletter distributed to NPCA’s members and supporters.


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Visit Our Sister Sites
florist Cairo flower delivery
florist Alexandria flower delivery
florist Giza flower delivery
Cairo was a source of amazement to travelers even at the time of the Mameluks. But the indomitable city of Cairo is still in the eyes of the Egyptians ¡°The Victorious¡±, ¡°Mother of the world¡± or simply ¡°Misr¡±, the name for Egypt as a whole. As long as the visitor is willing to lose his way then he too can discover the sweetness of Cairo nights lit by green neon illuminated mosques, the warmth of small, everyday cafes, the pleasure of strolling along narrow streets and the smiling good humor of the city¡¯s people.
© 2012 LocalStreet. All rights reserved

domain: geography


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Bright and cheerful lemon yellow pyramid cut quartz stone is wrapped with sterling silver wire and topped with raspberry quartz rondelles. Sterling silver ear wire. Choose a french ear wire or lever back. The lower price is for the french hook ear wire. Both are sterling silver.
The apprx. length is 1.5".
Your earrings will arrive beautifully giftboxed.


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XIRENA WEBBED BELT
Buckle up in our soft-woven belts. With a frayed edge and double d-ring, this belt is adjustable and we love it paired with our favorite denim and Beau Shirt.
MISA ANTONIA DRESS
Our Antonia dress will make you feel like you are walking in a daydream. The refined maxi silhouette features elbow-length sleeves, a sleek v-neck with a cross-over ruffle at the top and complimenting vertical ruffles that create a flattering effect.
BEACHGOLD BALI AJA MIDI DRESS
The Aja Midi Dress features a deep V front and a sarong waist tie feature. With the contemporary woman in mind, this midi length dress boasts sleeves that gather elegantly at the elbows. The Aja Midi celebrates understated simplicity.
RAILS ELLIS TOP
Cotton gauze, long sleeve, crisp white buttondown shirt featuring classic feminine fit, patch pocket at chest, and natural shell buttons. Lightweight, breezy, and breathable, this chic classic is a must-have for everyday elevated comfort.
XIRENA HOPE DRESS
Introducing Hope… A popover version of everyone's favorite shirtdress. Cut in our classic Cotton Poplin, we say wear, wash, love repeat.
PAIGE CINDY WITH BUTTON FLY JEANS
Cindy button fly straight leg ankle jeans
BEACHGOLD BALI FREDA MIDI DRESS
The Freda Midi dress features a deep V with lace up detail and tassel trim. The full panel skirt has border detail on two tiers. The sleeve has a small ruffle detail. Super rayon deep v front with lace up trim tassel ties easy fit pull on.
BRAVE LEATHER ANDA BELT
A solid brass roller buckle complements our washed Italian leather. This is the softest leather you will ever feel! The progressive hole pattern goes all the way around so this belt will fit many outfits and sizes.
ASTR GAIA DRESS
Starting with a sexy cowl neckline, this silhouette continues down to a relaxed bodice and asymmetrical skirt. Front slit accent and cross strap back make this dress your choice for a romantic night out.
BB DAKOTA DREAM GIRL DRESS
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Phone number▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ 35
- Secretary, musician
- English, Español, Français, Italiano, Sign Language
- Rosetta (Rosie) Carr's Airbnb Symbol
Hi my name is Rosie and I live right in the middle of one of the one most interesting neighbourhoods in London called Shoreditch.
The flat (that is not mine but of Peter,the landlord) is a unique space and many different artists have made this flat so beautiful, it is worth coming to just see it for yourself!
I'm so the hostess of the house in the mean time that Peter is away and at the moment i share the flat with Tom, a lovely Irish guy.
I'm Italian, fluent in 3 languages, Italian Spanish and English.
I love practising my linguistic skills with my guests and learning new languages too!
(French and Brazilian Portuguese @ the moment)
My passion is music (trying to learn play guitar & bass), cook (Italian style),dance and outdoor activities such as long boarding, roller blading, juggling and lots more. I hope to share some of my passion with my guests.
I live in the apartment but usually from 11am to 9pm i'm at work, except weekends (that's why i kindly ask to my guests once they know the arrival time to let me know, so i can manage the check in.
CHECK IN/OT INFO'S:
Direct Check in time during the week is FROM 6 am TO 10.45 am or AFTER 9.30 pm.
In case you arrive after 11 am i'll manage to leave the keys in the local pub or in the barber shop close to the flat so you can get in, but we will talk about it in your reservation.
Check out time is before 9 am (Please,Please,Please respect this) but just from the room, feel free to stay and enjoy the flat until you are ready to leave, i'll give you a copy of the key so you can also go out if you need to.
10 min walk from the flat you can find Bethnal Green Station (central line)
20 min walk to Liverpool street station that is easily reachable with bus n 8 - 388 (they both gonna leave you @ 3 min walk from my flat )
lot of bus stop (also night buses 8- N8- 388-D3)
DIRECTIONS FROM AIRPORTS:
From Kings Cross Station, take the Hammersmith & City Line (pink one) east to Algate East station. From there walk up Brick Lane. If you don't have a map ask people where is Brick Lane, it is a very famous street. Walk up Brick Lane for 10 minutes, you will pass the City Bikes, walk under the bridge then turn right on to Cheshire Street. Walk down this street for 5 minutes until you see the next set of City Bikes. Our building is immediately on the right.
Take the Piccadilly line (dark blue) towards the city centre. Change at Holborn station on to the central line (red one). Head east and exit at Bethnal Green station.
Take the national express to Liverpool street station. £15 return. From there you can walk (25 minutes) or take the underground 2 stops on the central line to Bethnal Green station. The underground for two people would be a similar price as taking a taxi.
Take the train to London Bridge, they run four times an hour with a journey time of 30 minutes. Then take the northern line (black one) one stop and change at Bank. Then take the central line (red one) east two stops to Bethnal Green station
From London City airport station take the DLR west to Shadwell (9 stops). Head north on the overground (orange line) two stops to Shoreditch High street Station. Exit onto the main street and turn right. Walk pass the city bikes onto Sclater Street. A brick wall with grafetti should be on your right and a tall glass building on your left. Walk straight to the end of the street, then walk straight across Brick Lane onto Cheshire Street. Walk down Cheshire Street for 5 minutes until you reach the next set of City Bikes. Our building called Chapter House is immediately on the right.
Take the train From South End station to Liverpool Street station, its take 55
minutes. From there you can walk (25 minutes) or take the underground 2 stops on the central line to Bethnal Green station. The underground for two people would be a similar price as taking a taxi.
HOPE THIS HELPS :)
I really enjoy meeting and hosting guests from all around the globe!
It's lovely meeting new people,and since I'm quite new in the area,we could discover it together :)
I believe that a world traveller is the ideal host. Looking for people with good common sense for sharing an apartment. I want to make sure my guests have the best time possible. Airbnb is more of a lifestyle than a business ( even because you don't pay me, but the landlord eheheh) , I really enjoy making new friends, so please do not lock yourself in the room....
I look forward to meeting you :)

domain: travel


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Whether you come for business purposes or on holiday, the modern Pantex Hotel offers affordable accommodations in Brasov, Romania's second largest town. Conveniently located in the city centre, it lies about 100 miles from the capital Bucarest. The hotel provides its guests with quality facilities, such as a fully-equipped meeting room and a lively bar serving a wide range of snacks and drinks. A complimentary parking area is also available. The Pantex Hotel lies between the medieval Old Town and a beautiful forrest area, close to the majestic Mount Tampa; guests may reach the top of the mount either by cable car or through one of several panoramic hiking trails. Possible excursions include the Carpathian mountains and Dracula's castle (Bran).
|Internet:||Wired Internet, Wi-Fi Internet connection|
|Important information & conditions:||One child 12 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. All guests staying in hotel guestrooms must be registered with the hotel.|
|Cancellation policy:||You can change or cancel this deal free of charge up to 24 hours before your check-in date. Please take into account that the check-in date starts at 00:00 (local time).
Free cancellation can be made up until 1 day before the check-in day. For cancellations made after this time a cancellation fee of 100% of the first night will be charged. All times refer to the local time at the property. For no-show, 100% of the entire stay will be charged.
Please provide this reference number to our customer service center representative on request, so we can help you better


cnc laser etching machine
The spindle adopts Taiwan spindle
The feed motor adopts FANUC original motor
The spindle motor adopts FANUC original motor
The X-axis screw adopts the Spanish ipiranga European standard IT5 level
Y/Z axis screw adopts Japanese THK precision grinding C3 level
The guide rail adopts the silver roller P grade precision
The bearing adopts Japanese NSK precision P4 bearing
Weish CNC Co., Ltd is a company that integrates the production, design, manufacturing, trade, and service of CNC machine, providing high-quality and efficient CNC machine worldwide.We can provide you with various high-quality machine tools at competitive prices. Our product has obtained CE certification.
cnc laser etching machine produced by WEISH CNC MASTER uses a gantry to move on the base, and the workbench is fixed between 2 columns. It occupies a small area and the user’s investment cost is low. The processing height can be determined by the height of the mud when the user installs.
It has the characteristics of good dynamic characteristics,high precision,heavy cutting,large torque,strong vibration absorption,good stability. The machine tool’s technical indicators and configuration are domestically leading, its product structure and technology are mature, and its product quality is stable.
Beam: Strengthen structure. HT300
Main spindle motor: Original SIEMENS AC motor
Linear Guideway: #65
5 Axis head: MEPRO / Optional
Y axis ball screw: 80mm
Bearing: FAG Germany / NSK Japan
Couping: NBK Japan
Reducing: ALPHA Germany
Linear system: HEIDENHAIN Germany.
ATC: Gifu Taiwan
CNC SYSTEM: SIEMENS/FANUC
X.Y.Z. is 3 axis linkage controlled by system. Table moving and column fixed Cross beam fixed
1:promise to replace the broken part of machine during the warranty period
2:The seller(WEISH CNC MASTER) will dispatch technicians to the customer’s designated location for installation and debugging based on customer needs. Includes Training, commissioning and programming
3:we can provide the remote training if customer don’t need the on-site installation
|cnc laser etching machine
|Place of Origin
|WEISH CNC MASTER
|Spindle speed (rpm)
|463*161*278 (Please consult us for specific details)
|Russia,India,Cape Verde,Antarctica,Tromelin Island…etc
|Mitsubishi Control System
|CNC or Not
|Machinery Test Report
|5×40″OT for loading
|Lead time (days)
|25-30(To be negotiated)
Please note: This table is for reference only, please consult us for specific information.
cnc laser etching machine–A Guide to Frequently Asked Questions
1.What are the maintenance requirements for the cnc laser etching machine？
We are a professional cnc laser etching machine company dedicated to providing high quality products and services.
1. External maintenance: Maintain the internal and external surfaces of the machine tool. When changing products for processing, clean the work surface as appropriate, and check and repair burrs at any time.
2. Keep the spindle and tool magazine clean. Check the tool magazine when turning on the machine. The spindle needs to run at low speed for 10 minutes before starting work.
3. Knife handles and knife sheaths are neatly arranged and rust-proof. Check that the screws should not be loose or rough.
4. Keep the appearance of the computer clean and dust-free. Clean up junk files and organize folders at any time. File naming must include information such as (name, version, time, operator).
5. Keep the electric control box clean and dust-free.
6. Lubricating oil Check the oil level in the oil pool, which requires the lubricating mechanism to have good performance, safety and reliability.
7. Fixed beam CNC gantry milling machine coolant eliminates leakage and blockage.
8. The air duct and air gun should be kept unobstructed and there should be no air leakage.
9. Keep tool boxes and tables clean inside and outside, neatly arranged, and workpieces protected from rust.
10. Keep the shelves clean, tidy and rust-proof.
2.Does the cnc laser etching machine have a cooling system to control temperature?
Yes. Lubricate system. Cutting oil temp control system
3.What are the after-sales services available for cnc laser etching machine?
Two-year warranty, Seller should assign 2 or 3 engineers come to clinet’s site for installation.
4.What are the different sizes and models of cnc laser etching machine available?
WEISH CNC MASTER make the gantry milling machine in Professional customization
5.Does the cnc laser etching machine support High Speed Machining?
6.Is the cnc laser etching machine equipped with a tool and workpiece clamping system?
Yes. Hydraulic chuck
7.What are the advantages of cnc laser etching machine technology?
cnc laser etching machine can effectively reduce the processing time and auxiliary time of parts. The CNC machine tool has a wide range of spindle speed and feed rate, allowing the machine tool to perform powerful cutting with large cutting volumes, rapid movement and positioning of CNC machine tool moving parts, and high-speed cutting, reducing the inter-process turnover time of semi-finished products and improving production efficiency.
8.How automated and intelligent is the cnc laser etching machine?
As the development of high technology becomes more intense, high-tech elements will also be used in the processing and manufacturing of various cargo facilities, which can not only give them special operational power but also improve the overall visual effect.
In fact, if we observe the pentahedral machining center, we can also understand what kind of application effects it shows when high-tech elements are used on it. As a kind of processing facility that has attracted much attention from compatriots, after the pentahedral machining center appeared on the market, the changes it brought to many processing and manufacturing companies cannot be ignored.
As people pay more attention to the goods of the facility, more and more people Many new manufacturing processes are also used in pentahedral machining centers.
9.What is the difference between a cnc laser etching machine? and cnc gantry machining center?
Table moving, column fixed. Table fixed, column moving, Cross beam fixed, Cross beam moving.The difference between a CNC machining center and a CNC machine tool is that the machining center adds an automatic tool changing system to the CNC machine tool, which is a CNC machine tool with a tool magazine.
CNC gantry milling machines mainly use milling cutters to shape the surface of the workpiece, which requires sufficient rigidity. Boring machines mainly use boring tools to process pre-made holes in workpieces to certain requirements, requiring sufficient accuracy.
10.What industrial areas is the cnc laser etching machine suitable for?
Mainly suitable for various plane milling of large metal parts. For example: steel, energy, chemical industry, bridges, railways, automobiles, military molds and machinery industries. It can realize the automation of processing machine tools and production processes.
11.How does the cnc laser etching machine ensure the safety of operators?
Our company has many years of cnc laser etching machine experience and expertise.The CNC machine has several safety features in place to ensure the safety of operators.
1. Emergency Stop Button: The machine is equipped with an emergency stop button that immediately stops all operations in case of an emergency.
2. Safety Protective Covers: The machine has safety guards and covers around moving parts to prevent operators from coming into contact with them.
3. Interlocks: The machine has interlocks in place to prevent the machine from starting if any doors, covers, or protective guards are open.
4. Soft Limit Switches: CNC machines have soft limit switches that limit the range of motion of the machine, preventing it from hitting the end of its travel and causing damage or harm.
5. Warning Signs: The machine has warning signs and labels to alert operators to potential hazards and safety precautions.
6. Emergency Override: In case of a malfunction or emergency, the machine can be manually overridden to stop its operations.
7. Safety Sensors: Some CNC machines have safety sensors that automatically detect the presence of someone in the work area and stop the machine to prevent accidents.
12.Does the cnc laser etching machine have remote monitoring and diagnostic capabilities?
(1) Online collection technology of high-end CNC machine tool working status information;
(2) Monitoring signal extraction and identification;
(3) Intelligent fusion technology of multi-sensor information;
(4) Research on the failure mechanism of key components;
(5) Real-time online display of CNC machine tool processing status;
(6) Intelligent fault warning and diagnosis technology;
(7) Seamless integration of fault prediction system and MES system.
13.What are the sustainability and environmental characteristics of the cnc laser etching machine?
The spiral chip conveyors on both sides of the processing area quickly transport the iron chips generated by high-speed machining to the lifting chip conveyor, reducing thermal deformation of the machine tool and ensuring the accuracy and stability of the chip conveyor on both sides of the machine bed; the chip conveyor is equipped with an automatic oil-water separation device, which has an environmentally friendly effect good.
14.Where is your factory located? How can I visit there?
Our factory is located in Ningbo City ,Zhejiang Province,China. You are warmly welcomed to visit us.
15.What type of material can the cnc laser etching machine process?
Stainless steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum
16.About cnc laser etching machine,What is the delivery time?
The full series of standard models are in stock. For a customized one, it depends.


Police arrest two men after a shooting left a man with life-changing injuries
Detectives investigating a shooting which left a man with life altering injuries have made two arrests.
The men, both aged 24, were still in police custody yesterday morning.
The arrests were made after a man in his twenties was injured in a shooting in the Clay Lane area of Newark just before 5.30pm, on Thursday, March 29.
Officers remained at the scene while detectives continued their enquiries.
Detectives are continuing to appeal for anyone who witnessed the incident or who may have captured the incident on dashcam footage or who has any other information which they think may help the investigation to come forward.
They are urged to contact Nottinghamshire Police on 101, quoting incident number 675 of 29 March.


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Miami Dolphins WR Chad Johnson,and Twitter fanatic, was arrested Saturday night on charges of domestic violence for allegedly head-butting his wife, Evelyn Lozada. Chad Johnson is an all around out-going and good spirited guy, and this comes as a surprise to many.
According to the Miami Herald:
Miami Dolphins receiver Chad Johnson, arrested on charges he headbutted his wife Saturday evening, spent the night in county lockup, unable to get a bond hearing until Sunday morning.
Johnson finally did get front of a judge at 8:30 a.m. His bond was set at $2,500, along with an order to have no contact with his wife, reality TV star Evelyn Lozada.
Johnson’s attorney, Fort Lauderdale-based criminal defense lawyer Adam Swickle, said such instructions are common practice in domestic violence cases. Swickle said that Lozada was not present in the courtroom Sunday morning. Johnson was expected out of jail in a matter of hours, but remained locked up as of 11:45 a.m. The Dolphins practice at 1 p.m. Sunday, but Swickle said it could be a while until he’s released.

domain: news


Color Quality of Light Sources
A comprehensive contribution to the understanding of color quality of solid-state light sources (LED-OLED and laser) and conventional lamps for their reasonable application – that´s the achievement of the new book by Prof. Dr. Tran Quoc Khanh, Dr. Peter Bodrogi and Dr. Trinh Quang Vinh “Color Quality of Semiconductor and Conventional Light Sources”. The team of Technische Universität (TU) Darmstadt accomplishes manifold: It provides academic researchers with an in-depth review of the current state and at the same time helps lighting professionals understand, evaluate and optimize illumination in their daily work. The authors span the entire world of lighting, starting with the human eye physiology and the color appearance phenomena, going on to the spectral reflectance properties of different groups and visual color quality aspects, underpinned by experiments at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and finishing with the optimization of LED light engines for high color quality as well as human centric lighting and color quality.
They surely have to know their field: Prof. Dr. Tran Quoc Khanh is Head of the Laboratory of Lighting Technology at TU Darmstadt in Germany. Dr. Peter Bodrogi and Trinh Quang Vinh are senior research fellows at the same institute.