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Make better health decisions for you and your family. You already know that proper diet, exercise, controlling your environment and rest can keep you in good health. But you're still not sure you're doing enough. You may have seen family or friends devastated by illness-even those who took great care of themselves. The truth is...What You Don't Know May Be Killing You. Dr. Don Colbert's answers and updated information may surprise you AND help you!
Author: Don Colbert


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domain: hobby


Your Healthy Tip for the Day
NO-BELLY LAUGH: A genuine belly laugh may cause a 10 to 20 percent increase in basal metabolic rate.
NY TIMES: In Busy Silicon Valley, Protein Powder Is in Demand
"Boom times in Silicon Valley call for hard work, and hard work — at least in technology land — means that coders, engineers and venture capitalists are turning to liquid meals with names like Schmoylent, Soylent, Schmilk and People Chow. The protein-packed products that come in powder form are inexpensive and quick and easy to make — just shake with water, or in the case of Schmilk, milk. While athletes and dieters have been drinking their dinner for years, Silicon Valley’s workers are now increasingly chugging their meals, too, so they can more quickly get back to their computer work." Click here to read the full story.
YAHOO: In the U.S. at Least One in Four Pre-packed Foods Contains Trans Fats
"Trans fats can be found predominantly in processed foods such as pizzas, pies, French fries and prepared meals, but also in chocolate bars and margarines. This is according to the EWG, which, in a study published on May 22, revealed that more than one fourth of pre-packaged foods available in supermarkets and shopping centers contain trans fats. The organization used its interactive food database to identify more than 84,000 products that people would buy and consume regularly. According to the conclusions, 27% of pre-packaged products contained some and 10% were made using ingredients that might contain trans fats." Click here to read the full story.
NY TIMES: Similac Advance Infant Formula to Be Offered G.M.O.-Free
"The maker of Similac Advance, the top commercial baby formula brand in the United States, says it will begin selling the first mainstream baby formula made without genetically altered ingredients by the end of the month at Target. Abbott will join a growing number of companies offering popular products without genetically modified organisms. Consumer demand for such products has been growing, despite a concerted and expensive effort by trade groups representing major food manufacturers and the biotech industry to convince them that genetically altered ingredients are not harmful to human health." Click here to read the full story.


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Insertion Of The Endoscope And Observation
As adhesions are likely to occur in patients with Crohn’s disease, the insertion of the endoscope should be done carefully. When the stricture is reached, endoscopic observations are first done to assess the extent of the stricture and to examine whether or not there is inflammation or ulcers. If there are deep ulcers, dilation therapy is suspended and treatment with the aim of healing the ulcers is given . Subsequently, the balloon at the endoscope tip is inflated and selective contrast study is done with gastrografin (. In this way the stricture length, with or without curvature, and presence or absence of fistula is confirmed.
Change in caliber and be stricture can be seen in selective contrast study.
Crohn’s Disease And The Small Bowel
Crohns Disease is an inflammatory bowel disease, which involves the small bowel in most patients who have the disease. About a third of Crohns patients have inflammation exclusively in the ileum, the deepest part of the small bowel. Inflammation, ulcerations, strictures , and bleeding are some of the serious clinical problems patients may experience.
At the Small Bowel Program, part of the University of Michigans Gastroenterology Division, our multidisciplinary team collaborates with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program to diagnose and treat conditions in the small bowel that relate to Crohns disease.
Clinical Laboratory Radiologic Endoscopic And Pathologic Features
Demographics , the history of appendectomy, medication history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for more than 2 weeks, body mass index , clinical manifestations , laboratory findings, radiologic features, endoscopic abnormalities, and pathologic features were collected. Haematochezia is defined as overt bloody stool. Lesion distribution was determined by radiologic and endoscopic examinations and surgical operation. Terminal ileum was defined as ileum that was within 30-cm of ileocecal valve. Radiologic features included skip lesions, enteric findings and extraenteric findings on CTE. Endoscopic features included the presence and number of ulcers , ulcer types , number of strictures , fistula, hyperplastic lesions and cobblestone appearance detected by double-balloon enteroscopy, coloscopy or capsule endoscopy. Aphthous ulcer was defined as a tiny, punched out, raised or flat red lesion with a white center.
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What Causes Crohn’s Disease
The cause of the chronic inflammation in Crohn’s disease is unknown. The leading theory is that inflammation is initiated by bacteria that reside within the intestine. Whereas most inflammation usually is suppressed, and the disease caused by the inflammation subsides, in Crohn’s disease the inflammation is not suppressed, and the inflammation continues. The continuing inflammation probably occurs because of environmental factors as well as genetic factors that affect the immune system. Crohn’s sometimes runs in families, too. Having a parent or sibling with the disease raises your own risk.
Treatment For Mouth Ulcers
Mouth ulcers related to Crohns disease are oral symptoms of intestinal issues. Thus, treatment should involve proper management of the underlying Crohns disease. Mouth sores may resolve on their own within a couple of weeks, and there are several treatments that can help with pain and discomfort. These treatments may include topical creams, mouthwash rinses, and other natural remedies that have been shown to provide relief.
Doctors or pharmacists may also recommend using an antimicrobial mouthwash a painkilling mouthwash, gel, or spray or corticosteroid lozenges.
Many MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam members have shared remedies that worked for them in treating mouth sores:
- Gargling with warm salted water helps a lot. Try it three times a day.
- Ask your doctor to prescribe magic mouthwash. This helps a lot if you are having sores often.
- I get sucralfate tablets you can chew or let dissolve in your mouth. It works really well.
- Try to stay away from toothpastes with SLS . Its harsh to some peoples tissues. Toms of Maine is natural and gentle.
- I use Orajel antiseptic rinse and it works wonders.
- Warm tea helps to soothe my mouth, and if the ulcers get really bad, I suck on a Cpacol.
- Im also a dental hygienist, and I recommend the rinse Closys. Its really amazing and helps the tissue heal fast. Its sold at most drug stores.
Other suggestionson how to eliminate the pain and discomfort associated with mouth ulcers include the following:
Recommended Reading: How To Cure Ulcerative Proctitis
Ulcers And Crohns Disease
Crohns disease is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It affects the deepest layers of the intestinal walls. The development of ulcers, or open sores, in the GI tract is a main symptom of Crohns.
According to the Crohns and Colitis Foundation of America, up to 700,000 Americans have Crohns disease. Anyone can have Crohns disease, but its most likely to affect people between the ages of 15 and 35.
Ulcers that occur with Crohns disease can appear from the mouth to the anus, including the:
Crohns disease rarely affects the:
A similar condition is ulcerative colitis, which affects only the colon.
For example, you may have ulcers throughout the colon if you have Crohns. You may also have a string of ulcers in only one part of the colon. In other parts of the GI tract, ulcers may exist in clusters separated by intact, healthy tissue. Chronic inflammation can also lead to ulcers in the genital area or the anus.
Where Ulcers Are Found
With CD, ulcers most often develop in the large intestine and the last third of your small intestine, known as the ileum. The earliest to appear are tiny aphthous ulcersoval-shaped, white lesions found on the surface of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, called the mucosa. Aphthous ulcers can grow, deepen and combine as CD progresses. Together, they may form larger stellate ulcers or long lines called linear ulcers, which can give the intestinal wall a clawed appearance.
Ulcers in CD can be continuous, taking up large swaths of the mucosa. Or, they can happen in patchy way, so that some areas are normal and there are nearby areas that are not normal, says Ruby Greywoode, MD, a gastroenterologist and assistant professor of medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Brunswick, New Jersey. In images, alternating normal and ulcerated tissue may sometimes look like a cobblestone street.
While ulcers are less common beyond the ileum and large bowel, they can occur anywhere in the GI tract, from mouth to anus. Sometimes we will see patients with upper GI tract ulcers that involve the esophagus, the stomach or perhaps the beginning of the intestine, the duodenum, says Dr. Binion. About 20 to 30 percent of adults with CD will develop aphthous ulcers in their mouths. Frequently called canker sores, these can result from inflammation or be a side effect of drugs used to treat the disease.
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Two Methods For Endoscopic
Balloon-dilation methods can be divided into two general categories. One is the through-the-scope method, in which a balloon dilator is inserted through the forceps channel and dilation is done under direct observation. The other is the radiologic method, in which a guidewire is inserted endoscopically. After the endoscope is withdrawn, a balloon dilator’s position is aligned and dilation is done under fluoroscopy. Usually the TTS method is selected with a therapeutic scope unlike the radiologic method which is adopted when a diagnostic scope is used, since the balloon dilator does not match the diameter of the forceps channel.
How To Treat And Prevent Ulcers
There is no cure for CD, and in the past, treatment focused on alleviating symptoms. Now, says Binion, its believed that mucosal healing, defined by the absence of ulcers, is crucial to disease management and overall quality of life. When patients are able to heal ulcers, that actually has very, very important prognostic implications they will be well, he explains.
To achieve this, healthcare providers will very likely prescribe medications, the type of which depend on the location and severity of your CD. Common drugs include corticosteroids, which lessen inflammation, and immunosuppressants, which help control the immune systems ability to trigger inflammation. Crohns patients are often warned against using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen, however, as research suggests they may aggravate the disease.
Surgery may be necessary if your CD doesnt respond well to medical therapy. One common procedure to alleviate ulcers and associated complications is a resection, which removes a damaged part of the intestine and connects the healthy ends.
Mucosal healing and remission in general can be aided by a healthy lifestyle, including eating a nutritious diet, getting plenty of physical activity and avoiding smoking. Tobacco use, says Greywoode, puts you at increased risk of having more severe diseaseand having complications related to your disease.
Whats The Difference Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Irritable Bowel Syndrome
IBD is a disease IBS is a syndrome, or group of symptoms. The causes and treatments are different.
IBS is a type of functional gastrointestinal disease. It affects how the bowels function, causing them to contract more often than usual. IBS is also known as spastic colon or nervous stomach.
IBS doesnt inflame or damage the intestines like IBD, so imaging scans cant detect it and it doesnt increase the risk of colon cancer. People with IBS rarely need hospitalization or surgery.
Is There A Surgery Used To Treat Crohn’s Disease
There is no surgical cure for Crohn’s disease. Even when all of the diseased parts of the intestines are removed, inflammation frequently recurs in previously healthy intestines months to years after the surgery. Surgery in Crohn’s disease is used primarily for:
What happens after surgery
Mild to Moderate Active Disease
- Commonly treated with oral mesalamine 3.2-4 g daily or sulfasalazine for ileocolonic or colonic disease as 3-6 g daily in divided doses .
- Budesonide is effective for disease confined to ileum and/or right colon.
- Proton pump inhibitors might help with symptomatic improvement in patients with upper gastrointestinal Crohn’s disease.
Moderate to Severe Disease
Perianal or Fistulizing Disease
- Otherwise, treated medically with antibiotics , immunosuppressives, or infliximab.
Also Check: How To Heal Mouth Ulcers Fast
Will I Have To Change My Diet
No specific foods are believed to provoke the symptoms of Crohn’s disease. Even so, it is always recommended to eliminate foods that seem to exacerbate symptoms. The most commonly recommended dietary change is to reduce intake of milk and dairy products, but this recommendation is based primarily on the possibility of lactose intolerance, a genetic abnormality of milk sugar digestion that is unrelated to Crohn’s disease. If the relationship between milk and symptoms is not clear, it probably is a good idea to do a formal lactose tolerance test to learn for certain whether milk and milk products should be eliminated from the diet. It would be a shame to eliminate milk from the diet unless necessary since milk is an excellent source of nutritious calories, protein, vitamin D, and calcium.
Deep Small Bowel Enteroscopy
In cases where a lesion has been found deep in the small bowel, beyond the reach of standard endoscopy, evaluation of the deep small bowel may be needed. One option to further evaluate or to treat the lesion is known as double balloon enteroscopy. Double balloon enteroscopy uses two balloons attached to the scope to help the scope move through the small bowel. Double balloon enteroscopy is able to reach very far into the small bowel . This scope can also be inserted through the anus, which allows for examination of the deepest parts of the small bowel . In some cases, by doing the test through both the mouth and through the anus, it is possible to examine the entire length of the small bowel, though this is not always possible.
A double balloon enteroscopy test often takes a couple of hours to perform, as opposed to 20 minutes for standard endoscopy. Because an examination using a double balloon enteroscope is much more involved than standard endoscopy, it is usually only used if a bleeding site is found on either an x-ray or capsule endoscopy and is out of reach of a standard enteroscope. In one study, double balloon enteroscopy was able to locate a bleeding source in 74% of patients.
Because the test is done with an enteroscope, if a source of bleeding is found it may be possible to treat it, take biopsies, or mark the area with a tattoo. If a source is found, it can be treated in about 60 to 70 percent of people.
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How Crohns Ulcers Affect You
Though some CD patients dont experience any symptoms, according to Dr. Binion, the large majority will theyre often the first recognizable indication of disease. As a result of inflammation and ulceration, many people will feel pain or see blood in their stool, says Dr. Greywoode. Weight loss and diarrhea are common symptoms, as well.
Crohns ulcers can also lead to severe complications, like strictures. Ulcers, particularly the larger ulcers, will go through repeated cycles of inflammation, damage and healing, says Binion, and the healing will oftentimes lead to scar formation. That scarring can cause a narrowing of the intestinea stricturewhich hinders food from passing through. This may lead to blockages, stricturing and/or severe inflammation can also cause life-threatening perforation of the bowel. A perforated bowel requires surgery, Binion adds, though, we try very hard to help our patients before they get to that point.
Fistulas are another potentially serious complication, often developing next to strictures. They occur when ulcers break through intestinal walls, forming abnormal passageways to another part of the intestine or another part of the body, like the bladder. Its the bodys attempt to create a new opening to bypass the area of damage, says Binion. About 30 percent of CD patients will develop fistulas, which can become infected and may require medication or surgery.
No Pouch For Crohn’s Disease
Because Crohn’s disease can attack the small intestine as well as the colon, the pouch is not used for Crohn’s disease. When surgeons tried the pouch for Crohn’s disease, the complication rate was very high. In most cases, the Crohn’s disease attacked the pouch and it could no longer be used.
For those with Crohn’s disease, if the colon is very diseased but the rectum is not, then the colon can be removed except for the rectum, and the small intestine can be connected directly to the rectum. In many cases, if the Crohn’s disease involving the rectum is not severe, it can be controlled with Rowasa enemas or Rowasa suppositories.
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Crohns Disease And Ulcers: What You Need To Know
Medically reviewed by Jenny Blair, MD
When you have Crohns disease , inflammation often causes ulcers to form in your digestive tract. These open sores may be mild or severe, and can lead to more serious complications, like fistulas and strictures. Theyre considered a hallmark of the condition.
We look for the presence of ulcers to help us make the diagnosis, says David Binion, MD, a gastroenterologist and co-director of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Pennsylvania. And the larger and deeper the ulcers, he adds, the more serious the ramifications. Its a warning sign in terms of whats coming down the road in years ahead.
Mild To Moderate Disease
Antibiotics Antibiotics Several classes of drugs are helpful for inflammatory bowel disease . Details of their selection and use are discussed under each disorder (see Crohn disease treatment and ulcerative colitis… read more are considered a first-line agent by some clinicians, or they may be reserved for patients not responding to 4 weeks of 5-ASA their use is strictly empiric. With any of these drugs, 8 to 16 weeks of treatment may be required.
Responders should receive maintenance therapy.
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Demographics And Clinical Features
Table shows demographics and some clinical data of CMUSE patients and SBCD patients. No significant difference was found with respect to the patients gender, age, disease duration, the history of appendectomy and BMI. No patients reported to have used NSAIDs for more than 2 weeks.
Table 1 Demographic and clinical features of CMUSE and SBCD patients
Clinical Importance Of The Location Of Lesions For Differential Diagnosis
A characteristic of Crohn’s disease ulcers is that they tend to occur on the mesenteric side of the intestine. In DBE, the endoscope is inserted deep into the small bowel forming concentric circles as it is advanced. The mesentery is extended fanlike in the circles. In this situation, if the tip of the endoscope moves centripetally, when we move the endoscope tip toward the ulcer, the ulcer can be determined on the mesenteric side . This localization within the intestinal lumen is useful in distinguishing Crohn’s disease from other diseases that cause inflammation in the small bowel. Ulcers associated with ischemia, Behçet’s disease and enteric tuberculosis are thought to occur more frequently on the antimesenteric side of the intestine . In our experience, NSAID-induced small intestinal ulcers are more frequently seen in the ileum than the jejunum, but no predominant tendency has been observed in terms of their occurring on the mesenteric or antimesenteric side . It is important to be aware that the location is not the only measure for diagnosis. Differential diagnosis of small bowel ulcers should be based not only on endoscopic findings but also on clinical and histological findings.
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Fulminant Disease Or Abscess
Patients with toxic appearance, high fever, persistent vomiting, rebound, or a tender or palpable mass must be hospitalized for administration of IV fluids and antibiotics. Abscesses must be drained, either percutaneously or surgically. IV corticosteroids or biologic agents Biologic Agents Several classes of drugs are helpful for inflammatory bowel disease . Details of their selection and use are discussed under each disorder (see Crohn disease treatment and ulcerative colitis… read more should be given only when infection has been ruled out or controlled. If there is no response to corticosteroids and antibiotics within 5 to 7 days, surgery is usually indicated.

domain: medical


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Our Herbal Leys Establishment and Management course is now registered for BASIS CPD points.
BASIS is an independent organisation committed to raising professional standards across land management and food production by supporting people and businesses with their industry leading qualifications, professional registers and auditing schemes. BASIS members can collect 8 points from attending this one day course on Herbal Leys Establishment and Management, brought to you by the FarmED team and Cotswolds Seeds.
The benefits to using herbal leys are as diverse as the species they contain. From building soil fertility and improving water resilience, to fostering better animal health and boosting biodiversity, herbal leys are a traditional low-input method of farming that provides benefits to arable, livestock and horticultural operations alike. No wonder Newman Turner, one of the great advocates of herbal leys, described these mixes as his ‘fertiliser merchant, food manufacturer and vet all in one’.
With increasing variability in weather patterns leading to drought in many parts of the country and increasing demand to reduce chemical inputs to farmland, there's been no better time to consider establishing herbal leys in your operation.
But where do you start?
This workshop aims to answer this question by providing an opportunity to:
- Observe a herbal ley system in action in our eight year arable rotation
- Learn about the costs involved and other management considerations when transitioning to herbal leys
- Have your questions answered about establishing and managing herbal leys by experts and practitioners
By the end of the course you can expect to walk away able to:
- Discuss the benefits of herbal leys in terms of soil, environment and animal health, resource conservation, and biodiversity enhancement
- Understand considerations for planning a herbal ley system that is appropriate for your farming operation
- Understand considerations for managing a herbal ley system, from establishment to grazing and termination
This course is designed for arable and livestock farmers and growers who are interested in working with herbal leys but want to learn more about how to start integrating seed mixtures into their current operation.
Tickets include refreshments and a seasonal lunch from the FarmED Kitchen.
The next course is on Tuesday, 13th June. Book your place here.

domain: agronomy


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Akin Gump is pleased to announce that Andrea W. Lucan has rejoined the firm as a partner in its global project finance practice in Los Angeles. Ms. Lucan’s practice focuses on project development and finance, with a particular emphasis on representing companies engaged in the development, financing, construction and operation of solar power, wind power, energy storage […]
ReneSola Ltd (“ReneSola” or the “Company”) (www.renesolapower.com) (NYSE :SOL ), a leading fully integrated solar project developer and operator, today announced that the Company will participate in the 6th Annual ROTH Solar & Storage Symposium on Tuesday, September 25, 2018 in Anaheim, Californiain conjunction with the Solar Power International Conference and Expo (SPI). Chief Financial Officer, Xiaoliang Liang and CEO, North America and […]
373 households benefit from Town of Enfield’s 2.3-Megawatt solar array. Supports Governor Cuomo’s mandate to have half of the state’s electricity come from renewable resources by 2030. Complements “Southern Tier Soaring” – the region’s comprehensive strategy to revitalize communities and grow the economy.
Solar and energy storage, either on their own or as part of clean energy portfolios, are showing that they can compete with natural gas in the United States. But will regulators wake up to this reality before half a trillion dollars worth of future stranded assets are built?
Thought leaders from around the world will discussing the rapid evolution of microgrids and the implications for solar EPCs, energy developers, electricity consumers, and utilities.
The acquisition doubles Nautilus’s commitment to Minnesota community solar.
The world’s fifth-largest economy has set a path to move to 100% zero-carbon electricity. And if the past is any example, other states are likely to follow.
Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) today announced the 2018 focus areas for its Electricity Innovation Lab (e-Lab) Summit, an annual multistakeholder workshop for electricity leaders and decision makers advancing solutions at the grid’s distribution edge.
On eve of climate summit, 10th edition of California Green Innovation Index compares state, national and international progress on key economic and environmental indicators.
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domain: geography


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Blackjack – Basic Tactic
Blackjack is definitely the casino card game of choice for professional card participants, and as time passes, it has also become popular among regular players. Blackjack, initially called Black colored Jack, Vingt-Un or Dark Jack, is an United states variant of the multi-player card game, Blackjack. Wikipedia
The basic rules of blackjack are the same for all versions; a new player must always have at least two cards deal with up in the dealer’s hand. Then, based on the version, a new player may call, increase or fold. A new player may also bluff, depending on the version. bluffing is illegal generally in most casinos.
In blackjack, a new player may either win or lose money, depending on the cards which are dealt and the good luck of the draw. When the deck is dealt, you can find forty-two (forty -two) card decks, which are propagate across four decks. One deck is designated as the “low” hand, while the some other deck is usually labeled “high.” The dealer will package three cards to each area, at a rate of seven cards to a part per turn. After the first circular of betting, the seller will reveal the cards one at a time to the individuals.
In Texas Hold’em blackjack rule variations, a player may call when he has an advantageous hand, either by having the same or close to the same cards as his opponents, or having the same or next to the same benefit in his bankroll. Calling is usually allowed once the opponents have a direct, flush or full property. The rule is much the same in the four-deck game. Then, when a player has an advantageous hand, he may announce that he really wants to bet. Then your dealer will ask each participant to place among their poker chips in the pot.
Following the initial round of betting is finished, the players will form two groups, with each team counting around ten. The dealer will then deal five cards to each group, counting only the group leaders, that are now the players who’ve the best total hands. The blackjack stone is then 엠카지노 쿠폰 handed to each group. Blackjack strategy for this card game is important because it allows people to calculate their chances of winning, by considering just how many opponents are left after the supplier deals out the blackjack stone.
When playing blackjack online, you need to use software that helps you calculate the very best times to enter certain blackjack strategies into the casinos. You also need to practice basic strategy techniques. For example, it is best to bet slowly, than to quickly. Another useful approach tip would be to play when your opponents do not have the best cards, so as to increase your chance of winning. By playing cautiously and following the basics, you can increase your chances of winning casino game titles.
The second area of the blackjack game is named the expected loss. In this part, it is advisable to consider the sum of money that you’ll win or eliminate in a blackjack sport. Most casinos require players to keep track of their bankrolls, along with the amount they have won or lost. So that you can maximize your expected loss, you should make sure that you know the forms of cards in each player’s decks, and how many decks a player has handled.
Just about all blackjack players usually make an effort to maximize the house edge. The house edge is the advantage, when it comes to bankrolls, a casino has over a game of blackjack. In most casinos, the home edge starts at three percent. However, blackjack tactics are complicated, in fact it is difficult to memorize everything of card counting. Some people, who are familiar with card counting, make an effort to lower the house edge. However, there are also other players who are not aware of its implications.

domain: game


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A lawyer admitted Wednesday in federal court that he had failed to notify authorities of bankruptcy fraud committed by two figures in the Colonial Realty Co. scandal, Benjamin Sisti and his son, Kevin.
Mark A. Pagani, 38, of Manchester, a lawyer and former business partner of Kevin Sisti's, pleaded guilty in U.S. District Court in Hartford to misprision of felony, which means concealing knowledge of a crime.
Pagani admitted knowing that Kevin Sisti used $30,000 in cash illegally hidden from his father's bankruptcy trustee to invest in Allstars, a Wethersfield restaurant opened by Pagani, Sisti and others in 1995.
The prosecution of Pagani is likely to be among the last of the criminal cases arising from the collapse in 1990 of Colonial Realty, an investment company that once controlled $1 billion in real estate.
Benjamin Sisti, a co-founder of Colonial, was sentenced to nine years in prison in 1995 for bankruptcy fraud and other crimes. An FBI investigation opened the following year discovered that Sisti continued to hide assets even after he had gone to prison. The continued fraud cost him a sentence extension of 14 months. Kevin Sisti was sentenced last year to probation and community service for his role in hiding the assets.
In court documents filed Wednesday, the government said that Pagani helped the Sistis conceal their fraud by lying to the Liquor Control Commission about the source of the funds used by him, Kevin Sisti and others to buy Allstars. The restaurant has since closed.
Misprision is punishable by up to three years in prison, but sentencing guidelines most likely will prescribe probation and a fine when Pagani is sentenced Oct. 22 by U.S. District Chief Judge Alfred V. Covello.

domain: news


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What do we really know about the speed of light? Scientists have been trying to answer this question with greater accuracy for many centuries. Yet, even today, there’s much we don’t know, and much to learn and understand.
But for now there are various ways to explain the speed of light. For example, light travels at the constant speed of 1,079,252,848.8 kilometers per hour, 670,616,629.3844 miles per hour, or 299,792,458 meters per second. The way light behaves can be explained with the use of equations, the Schwarzchild radius, Hubble parameter, and other physics.
Okay, great, but how about some basics? Well, we know, for example, that light basically travels 186,000 miles per second. That’s pretty fast… fast enough for light to circle the world 7 ½ times in one second, or for light from the surface of the sun to reach earth in approximately 8 minutes.
Nonetheless, scientists still question what we really know and understand about the speed of light. In fact, questioning what we know is one of the strengths of science- the idea that we don’t know anything for certain; this allows us to question deep-rooted paradigms, make new discoveries, and overturn old and incorrect ways of thinking.
Over at Phys.org there’s an article titled, “Theory that challenges Einstein’s physics could soon be put to the test.” The article highlights a group of researchers challenging the idea that the speed of light is constant. These researchers suggest that the speed of light could have been much faster at one point, and they’re ready to have their predictions tested experimentally. Professor Joao Magueijo from Imperial College London and Dr. Niayesh Afshordi at the Perimeter Institute in Canada are using a map of the oldest light in the universe, called a spectral index, and they’ve assigned an exact figure to it. They believe it won’t be long before physicists are able to confirm or reject their model based on future observations.
This is cool because there are plenty of problems with the current cosmology. The existence of hypothetical entities like dark matter and dark energy, and the horizon problem beg for a new paradigm. So it’s good that scientists are willing to formulate alternative models that could better explain the universe.
I have no idea what will come of their predictions, but at the present I’m not in agreement with the current cosmological model or what we think the speed of light is. As a creationist, I believe there are other explanations that better explain how distant light could reach the earth within a Biblical framework, such as Dr. Jason Lisle’s Anisotropic Synchrony Convention, which allows us to define the one-way speed of light.
I’ll also admit I’m skeptical that the predictions outlined in the Phys.org article will be successful, but it would certainly be exciting if their predictions are confirmed. At the very least I hope it spurs on future experiments and alternative explanations. It’ll be interesting to follow this story and see what develops.


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Purpose: The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of the Sievert integral dose calculation model for medium and low-energy brachytherapy sources (photon energy: 25-500 keV). A simple modification of the basic model, the isotropic scattering correction, is proposed that significantly improves its accuracy. Methods and Materials: Both the classical model and revised Sievert algorithms were tested against 2D dose distributions derived from Monte Carlo photon transport (MCPT) calculations for the following sources: a 169Yb interstitial source, pulsed and high dose rate 192Ir sources and the model 6702 125I source. The Sievert model was implemented as a 3D numerical integral over the radioactivity distribution and included photon attenuation and scattering by the surrounding medium. The Sievert filtration coefficients were approximated by linear energy absorption coefficients, parameters of best fit, and curve fits to simulated open-air transmission measurements. The revised model consists of using the Sievert integral only to calculate the primary dose distribution using contact absorber filtration coefficients. The dose component due to photon scattering in the medium is assumed to be isotropically distributed and is modeled by point-source scatter-to-primary dose ratios. Results: The classical Sievert integral produces maximum and RMS average dose-calculation errors ranging from -53 to -20% and 3 to 19%, respectively. In contrast, the revised model reproduces the MCPT dose distribution with maximum and RMS mean errors ranging from 5 to 13% and 1 to 6%, respectively. Conclusions: The classical Sievert model fails to accurately describe brachytherapy dose distributions around heavily filtered sources emitting photons with average energies of 28 to 400 keV. The revised Sievert model accurately models single-source dose distributions for a wide range of sources, using well-defined filtration coefficients and scatter ratios that can be measured or calculated without knowledge of the final dose distribution. The model is potentially useful as a single-source dose-array generator for clinical treatment planning in the low energy domain.
|Number of pages||12|
|Journal||International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics|
|State||Published - Dec 1 1996|
- Dosimetry algorithms
- Sievert integral

domain: literature


text:
High Channel Mobility of MOSFET Fabricated on 4H-SiC (11-20) Face Using Wet Annealing
We studied the annealing process to improve the field-effect channel mobility (μFE) on the 4H-SiC (11-20) face. We found that wet annealing, in which a wet atmosphere was maintained during the cooling-down period to 600°C after wet oxidation, was effective. The interface states (Dit) near the conduction band edge decreased and the μFE increased up to 244 cm2/Vs. Furthermore, the origin of this high channel mobility was investigated using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurement and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) analysis. It was indicated that the hydrogen density at the MOS interface was increased by the wet annealing and the hydrogen was desorbed mainly at temperatures between 800 °C and 900 °C. These hydrogen desorption temperatures also corresponded to the temperatures of the μFE reduction by argon annealing after the wet annealing. These results indicated that this high channel mobility was achieved by hydrogen passivation during the wet annealing at temperatures between 800 °C and 900 °C.
Akira Suzuki, Hajime Okumura, Tsunenobu Kimoto, Takashi Fuyuki, Kenji Fukuda and Shin-ichi Nishizawa
T. Endo et al., "High Channel Mobility of MOSFET Fabricated on 4H-SiC (11-20) Face Using Wet Annealing ", Materials Science Forum, Vols. 600-603, pp. 691-694, 2009


US 4421772 A
In a method for identifying one or more botanical component parts from plants, a sample of the component parts is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation within the visible and/or ultra-violet and/or X-ray range for excitation of the component parts to fluorescence which is analyzed for determining characteristic fluorescence from the component parts. For determining the relative contents of the component parts in the sample, intensity measurements are carried out on the characteristic fluorescences or the number of emitters of characteristic fluorescence is counted. For identifying starchy endosperm parts, aleurone layer parts and hull layer parts originating from seeds, in particular cereal kernels, in ground seed samples, samples are excited at approximately 275 nm, approximately 350 nm and approximately 450 nm, respectively, for obtaining characteristic fluorescence at approximately 330 nm from the starchy endosperm parts, at approximately 420/470 nm from the aleurone layer parts, and at approximately 520 nm from the hull layer parts. Characteristic X-ray fluorescence is obtained from the potassium of the starchy endosperm, phosphorus and sulfur from the aleurone layer and silica from the hull layer. For manual evaluation of the component part contents, the characteristic fluorescences of the samples are compared with color scales. Fluorescence analysis provides more reliable qualitative and quantitative analyses of botanical component parts than do visible color analyses and ash and fiber analyses and is ideally suited for the control of component part separation processes such as mill processes.
1. A method of identifying the proportions of starchy endosperm parts, aleurone layer parts and hull layer parts in a product produced by the disintegration of seeds having such parts comprising the steps of
irradiating the product with electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength band of about 250 to about 300 nm to excite said starchy endosperm part of said product to fluoresce, electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength band of about 300 to about 370 nm to excite said aleurone layer parts of said product to fluoresce, and electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength band of about 410 to about 490 nm to excite said hull layer parts of said product to fluoresce, and analyzing the resulting fluorescence emitted by said product to identify relative starchy endosperm, aleurone layer, and hull layer proportions in said product.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising actuating a nip adjustment means of a millroller to optimize the proportions of said parts in said product in response to the analysis of said resulting fluorescence.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising actuating a nip adjustment means of a grinding disc to optimize the proportions of said parts in said product in response to the analysis of said resulting fluorescence.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising actuating sieving devices to optimize the proportions of said parts in said product in response to the analysis of said resulting fluorescence.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising actuating wind sieve fans to optimize the proportions of said parts in said product in response to the analysis of said resulting fluorescence.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising transferring product containing an adulterated seed fraction to an alternate product silo in response to the analysis of said resulting fluorescence.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising
introducing a sieve into a mill process to sift off impurities or adulterations in said product in response to analysis of said resulting fluorescence.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising using the results of said fluorescence analysis to register, calculate and print out the composition of said product.
9. A method as recited in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the irradiation is effected at such a wavelength band as excites the starchy endosperm parts of seeds to fluoresce in the proximity of 330 nm.
10. A method as recited in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the irradiation is carried out at such a wavelength band as excites the aleurone layer parts of seeds to fluoresce in the proximity of 425 nm.
11. A method as recited in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the irradiation is carried out at such a wavelength band as excites the aleurone layer parts of seeds to fluoresce in the proximity of 470 nm.
12. A method as recited in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the irradiation is carried out at such a wavelength band as excites the hull layer parts of seeds to fluoresce in the proximity of 520 nm.
13. A method as recited in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the emitted characteristic fluorescence is determined by means of a spectrofluorimeter and the intensity of the obtained fluorescence is measured by means of a spectrofluorimeter for determining the content of the component parts in the product.
14. A method as recited in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the irradiated product is analyzed in an image analyzer for determining the surface areas of the component parts by planimetry with the assistance of their characteristic fluorescences, and thereby, for determining the content of the component parts in the product.
15. A method as recited in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the results of said fluorescence analysis is converted to a signal indicative of the contents of said product and the signal is used for controlling a process for the disintegration of seeds.
16. A method as recited in claim 13, wherein the characteristic fluorescence determined by means of the spectrofluorimeter is utilized for selecting emission filters correlated to the maximum sensitivity of the human eye for the characteristic fluorescence.
17. A method of identifying the proportions of starchy endosperm parts, aleurone layer parts, and hull layer parts in a product produced by the disintegration of seeds having such parts comprising the steps of
irradiating the product with fluorescence-imparting X-ray radiation and analyzing the resulting fluorescence emitted by said product in the range of about 1740 to about 3600 MeV to identify relative starchy endosperm, aleurone layer, and hull layer proportions in said product.
18. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said X-ray radiation is selected for obtaining fluorescence emission from potassium in the starchy endosperm parts of seeds.
19. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said X-ray radiation is selected for obtaining fluorescence emission from phosphorus in the aleurone layer parts of seeds.
20. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein said X-ray radiation is selected for obtaining fluorescence emission from sulfur in the aleurone layer parts of seeds.
21. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said X-ray radiation is selected for obtaining fluorescence emission from silica in the hull layer parts of seeds.
22. A method as recited in any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the emitted characteristic fluorescence is determined by means of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the intensity of the obtained fluorescences is measured by means of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for determining the content of the component parts in the product.
23. A method of identifying in a sample of a product produced by the disintegration of seeds having starchy endosperm part, an aleurone layer part and a hull layer part the proportion of said sample which is starchy endosperm comprising the steps of
irradiating the sample with electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength band of about 250 to about 300 nm to excite said starchy endosperm in the sample to fluoresce, and
measuring the resulting fluorescence emitted by the product to ascertain the proportion of said sample which is starchy endosperm.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 088,231, filed Oct. 25, 1979, now abandoned.
The industrial processing of kernels of seed types, cereals, such as wheat, barley, corn, rye, sorghum, rice or other seeds such as, for example, soya beans, often includes a series of steps whose aim is to separate certain of the botanical component parts of the seed from each other. These steps are carried out in a mill plant where the seed is ground and sieved in several stages in order to obtain steadily purer component part fractions with respect to other botanical component parts. The conventional botanical seed or kernel component parts of cereals topical for separation are (a) the starchy endosperm which consists of the endosperm minus the aleurone layer, (b) the germ, (c) the aleurone layer and (d) the hull layer which layers are usually classified under the name bran. The starchy endosperm consists of cells with thin cell walls containing starch particles in a matrix of protein, and forms the main source of the major end product of the mill industry, the flour. The hull layer and aleurone layer fractions, as well as the germ fractions, may each best be taken care of in their optimum manner, for example as fodder or as an additive in determined amounts to the flour, depending upon the nature of the raw materials or product. Recent insights into the importance of diet fibers have directed interest towards the hull fraction in its property as a source of fibers, as well as towards the utilization of the high mineral and vitamin content of the aleurone fraction.
The grinding and sieving devices of the conventional mill process are based on the different hardnesses and densities of the hull layer, the aleurone layer and the starchy endosperm, these devices being provided for the breaking down of the seeds to smaller and smaller particles and for classification of these particles according to size and density in several different fractions which contain varying amounts of the starchy endosperm, aleurone and hull parts. As was mentioned above, the main aim is that the mill process give steadily purer (that is to say steadily freer of other component parts) component part fractions, and the grinding devices and sieves are adjusted for this purpose.
The analysis methods necessary for assessing the composition of the fractions with respect to the above-mentioned botanical component parts for product control and for ascertaining the capacity of the grinding and sieving devices (and other mill devices which affect the fraction composition) to carry out their task in the light of the above purposes are, however, very time-consuming and unreliable at the present time. The unreliability of these conventional analysis methods constitutes in actual fact one of the reasons for the above-mentioned striving towards purer component part fractions, even if the desired finished product is to consist of a mixture of starchy endosperm, hull and aleurone parts, since the probability of achieving a desired mixture is greater if the final fractions in the starchy endosperm, aleurone and hull lines are mixed than if intermediate products from these origins are utilized as a mixture.
The conventional analysis methods are based on color determination in visible light, on ash and fiber determination and on sieve analyses. In color determination in visible light, an assessment is made of the degree of which a ground seed sample deviates in color from that of an ideal sample, and, in particular, the color deviation of a flour sample from the white color of ideal bakery flour, the color deviation being possibly caused by the presence of hull component parts in flour, these being brown in color, int. al. depending upon included carotenoids etc.
The color analysis may be qualitatively unreliable, since impurities which do not consist of hull component parts may very well give rise to a color similar to that of the hull. It has, thus, proved that mill equipment of metal and rubber shed metal and rubber particles which may discolor the flour such that it gives the impression of containing hull particles. This apart, such a color analysis on flour samples or hull samples gives no indication whatsoever as to the presence of aleurone layer particles or particle parts, since these are colorless in visible light.
Ash and fiber analysis according to, for example, the Weende method also provides insufficient and incomplete information as to the content, in a ground seed sample, of each respective seed component part. The explanation for this is that, while the major part of ashy components is present in the aleurone layer and the major part of the fibers occurs in the hull layer, all of the seed component parts now under discussion contain both ashy components and fibers. In consequence, the analysis result of a ground seed sample, as regards contents of fiber and ash, cannot reliably correlate the ash and fiber to the aleurone layer and hull layer, respectively. Hence, high content of, for example, ash in a sample may very well depend upon an enrichment of hull instead of aleurone in the sample.
The aim of sieve analysis is to divide up, according to size, the particles in a ground seed sample, this analysis failing, however, to give any information as to the component parts from which the separate particles have their origin.
Thus, it will be appreciated that conclusions based on color, ash and fiber determination, and on sieve analyses, for an optimation of the separation of the botanical components involved, may give rise to highly erroneous mill settings and product specifications. Moreover, it might be mentioned that sieve analyses and, in particular, ash and fiber determinations, are extremely time-consuming.
The major aspect of the present invention is to realize a method and an apparatus which will master the above-mentioned problems as regards unreliable and incomplete product analyses and mill control methods and which will bring about the possibility of reliably identifying botanical component parts such as hull layer, aleurone layer and starchy endosperm component parts in entire seeds or kernels and in ground seeds or kernels and, thereby, the possibility of following these component parts during the mill process. As a corollary to this aspect, a further aim of the present invention is to utilize the above-mentioned possibilities for manual and/or automatic control of a mill process.
To this end, the component parts are, according to the method of the present invention, irradiated with fluorescence-imparting electromagnetic radiation, whereupon the fluorescence or fluorescences emitted from the above-mentioned component parts are analyzed for determining either a fluorescence emission characteristic of the component parts and, possibly, the intensity of this emission; or the absence of such a characteristic fluorescence emission.
Furthermore, the apparatus for carrying out this method comprises a container disposed for receiving the sample at a sample receptacle point in the container, an orifice in a container wall for viewing the sample, one or more devices for excitation of the component parts to fluorescence, means for analysis of this fluorescence for determining characteristic fluorescence from the component parts, and possibly means for determining the intensity of the characteristic fluorescence or fluorescences for determining the relative content, in the sample, of the component parts.
The nature of the present invention and its aspects will be more readily understood from the following brief description of the accompanying drawings, and discussion relating thereto.
In the accompanying drawings:
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate color photographs of the same wheat kernel section on illumination with different excitation light;
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate color photographs of ground wheat kernel particles on illumination with the same excitation lights, respectively, as in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 5 is an excitation curve;
FIGS. 6a-6j are emission curves;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus according to the invention for identification and assessment of the amount of biological component parts in ground kernels or seeds; and
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of another apparatus according to the invention suitable for the automatic control of a mill process.
Early on in research work for suitable analysis methods for attaining the established goals, interest was concentrated on fluorimetry, partially induced by earlier findings which revealed autofluorescence from the aleurone layer, hull layer and starchy endosperm cell walls of grain seed on irradiation with incident UV-light. (Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 1972, 25, 23-24, and J. Inst. Brew, Vol 82, 347-349).
Different wheat kernels cast in plastics and in transverse section with highly polished section surfaces were illuminated in a fluorescence microscope with incident ultra-violet light. Under observation in the microscope, a circumferential layer in each kernel fluoresced with a distinct intensive blue light, it being established that this layer was the aleurone layer. It should be emphasized that this blue light was very distinct and could be clearly differentiated from the very faint, damped blue light from the body lying within the aleurone layer, it being possible to relate this faint, damped blue light, on magnification, to the cell walls of the starchy endosperm. This distinct intensive blue light could also be distinguished from the faint, damped green-yellow light emanating from the hull layer lying outside the aleurone layer. On illumination of these wheat kernels with incident blue light, the hull layer located outside the aleurone layer fluoresced with an intensive yellow-green color which clearly distinguished the hull layer from the aleurone layer and starchy endosperm, both exhibiting a very pale, damped green-yellow color. These results of the microscope examination are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 which are drawings from color photographs taken, through the microscope, of adjacent parts of two wheat kernels in cross-section, under illumination with UV-light and blue light, respectively. It may be noted in this context that different UV-light sources and blue light sources, as well as filters permeable to such UV-light and blue light (excitation filters) and filters for the light emitted by the kernels (emission filters) were tested, no problems arising with respect to the unambiguous identification of starchy endosperm, hull and aleurone layers with the help of the autofluorescence of these kernel component parts. The autofluorescence was characteristic and unambiguous for these kernel component parts, although the colors could vary in dependence upon the light and filter combinations, from blue to violet for the aleurone layer and green to yellow for the hull layer. The bluish autofluorescence of the aleurone layer and the greenish autofluorescence of the hull layer appeared separately even under illumination of the wheat kernels with almost UV-light, which fluorescence colors could be made more distinct by the placing of suitable blue and yellow filters, respectively, in the path of the light emitted from the seed.
Having thus established characteristic, intensive autofluorescence from the aleurone and hull layers and the absence of intensive autofluorescence from the starchy endosperm, a grinding of the kernels was then carried out, the grounds being placed under a microscope. The microscope image reflected the same fluorescence colors on the ground kernel particles as were obtained in the above-mentioned observation of the kernel section surfaces. The expression--the same fluorescence colors--means, on irradiation of the ground samples with the same excitation light as that used with the kernel section surfaces and possibly on utilization of the same emission filters, that certain of the particles had, in their entirety, the same intensive, distinct blue color as the aleurone layer in the section test, that certain of the particles had, in their entirety, the same intensive, yellow-green fluorescence color as the hull layer in the section test, that certain of the particles lacked the intensive blue and yellow-green colors, respectively, characteristic of the aleurone layer and hull layer, and exhibited the pale blue and pale green-yellow color, which, in the section surfaces, could be related to the starchy endosperm; that certain of the particles presented a portion which fluoresced in the intensive blue color characteristic of the aleurone layer and a portion which fluoresced in the intensive yellow-green color characteristic of the hull layer; and that certain of the particles displayed demarcated regions exhibiting both the above-described intensive "aleurone fluorescence color" and the above-described intensive "hull fluorescence color" as well as the above-described pale "starchy endosperm color". The particles from the starchy endosperm were also identified with the assistance of polarized light under which starchy materials become manifest. The aleurone and hull portions almost completely lack starchy material and do not, therefore, follow this behavior. FIGS. 3 and 4 show drawings of color photographs which were taken of the microscope pictures of one and the same ground kernel sample on ultraviolet excitation (FIG. 3) and blue light excitation (FIG. 4), respectively, the black regions in FIG. 3 having the same intensive blue fluorescence as the black aleurone layer in FIG. 1, and the black regions in FIG. 4 having the same intensive yellow-green fluorescence as the black hull layer in FIG. 2. The striped and dotted regions in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, respectively, had the same colors in blue light and UV-light excitation as the striped and dotted kernel component parts in FIGS. 1 and 2. These colors have been described in conjunction with the discussion on FIGS. 1 and 2.
The important information which could and can be gained from these pictures is, on the one hand, that it is possible to identify visually whether particles or particle portions belong to the aleurone layer, the hull layer or the starchy endosperm on irradiation with UV- and blue light, respectively; and, that the fluorescence colors from component parts deriving from the aleurone and hull layers do not influence adjacent particles or particle portions such that the color of these particles or particle portions is lost or suppressed.
The above-described excitation and emission results could be obtained from cereal kernels other than wheat kernels and, in general, from seeds of both monocotelydones and dicotelydones.
Once it had, thus, been established that it was possible with the aid of the eye, suitable sources of light and/or emission filters and excitation filters, to identify unambiguously or analyze qualitatively particles or particle portions which derive from the aleurone, hull and starchy endosperm component parts in seeds and kernels, measures were taken to ascertain whether these qualitative analysis results could be transformed into a quantitative analysis method. Ground wheat kernel samples suspended in glycerine were placed in a spectro-fluorimeter which was of the Jasco FP 550 type and was connected to a printer, and were scanned with emission monochromator settings from 300 nm to 700 nm on varying excitation wavelengths. The samples were taken from final steps of the flour line, aleurone line and hull line, respectively, in a mill plant. The samples were placed in the fluorimeter at an angle of 30 the excitation light for the purposes of preventing the excitation light and emission light from mixing. It proved that, on excitation of the flour sample with light at 275 nm, an emission or fluorescence intensity peak was obtained at 330 nm, which closely corresponds to the fluorescence intensity peak, at this excitation wavelength, of the protein amino acids tyrosine and tryptophane. On excitation of aleurone samples with light at 350 nm, an emission or fluorescence intensity peak was obtained at 420 and 470 nm, which closely corresponds to the fluorescence intensity peak, at this excitation wavelength, of ferulic acid. On excitation of a hull sample with light at 450 nm, an emission or fluorescence intensity peak was obtained at 520 nm. In order to establish the excitation wavelength or lengths which give maximum fluorescence intensity at 330 nm, 425 nm, 475 nm and 520 nm fluorescences, the emission monochromator was held at these fluorescence wavelengths and each respective sample was scanned with the excitation monochromator at wavelengths of less than the respective fluorescence wavelength. It proved that a 280 nm excitation light gave maximum fluorescence intensity of the fluorescence of the flour sample at 330 nm, that 350 nm excitation light gave maximum fluorescence intensity of the fluorescence of the aleurone samples at 420 nm and an excitation light of 360 nm gave maximum fluorescence intensity for the fluorescence of the aleurone samples at 470 nm. Finally, excitation light at 415, 450 and 487 nm gave maximum fluorescence intensity of the fluorescence of the hull sample at 520 nm. These results are illustrated in FIG. 5.
In the application of the German color theory according to DIN 6164, by means of which it is possible to correlate the sensitivity of the eye to different colors with the sensitivity of a photomultiplier tube included in the spectrofluorimeter, it could be established that the peaks, obtained with the spectrofluorimeter, at 330 nm, 425 and 470 nm and 520 nm to the eye appeared to be colorless, blue-violet and yellow-green, respectively, such that the spectrofluorimeter values back up the results from the microscope observations.
Once the establishment was made that the hull samples, aleurone samples and starchy endosperm samples each had at least one characteristic fluorescence (namely: the hull samples 520 nm fluorescence at 487, 450 and 415 nm excitation; the aleurone samples 420 nm and 470 nm fluorescence at 350 nm and 360 nm excitation, respectively; and the starchy endosperm samples 330 nm fluorescence at 275 nm excitation), a test was carried out of the capacity of these fluorescences to differentiate the kernel component parts hull layer, aleurone layer and starchy endosperm from each other. FIGS. 6a-6j represent the fluorescence intensity curves, or emission curves, obtained in such a test of one flour sample, one aleurone sample and one hull sample, the samples being each excited with light at 275 nm, 350 nm and 450 nm. The above-mentioned printer connected to the Jasco FP 550 spectrofluorimeter had the same amplification factor in all of the experiments.
The tests revealed, as shown by the curves in FIGS. 6a-6j, that an excitation at 275 nm (FIGS. 6a-6c) gave rise to considerable fluorescence intensity at approximately 330 nm also from the aleurone sample which had, however, a much broader peak than the flour sample. This may be explained partly by the relatively high protein content of the aleurone layer and partly by adulteration of the aleurone sample with starchy endosperm particles. When the sample amounts were reduced, it was possible to distinguish starchy endosperm parts and aleurone layer parts, cf. FIG. 6j, represented by emission at 330 nm and 425 nm, respectively, and 470 nm. There was no appreciable fluorescence intensity at 330 nm from the hull sample on excitation at 275 nm. 350 nm excitation (FIGS. 6d-6f) gave rise to considerable fluorescence intensity at approximately 450 nm from the aleurone samples. This fluorescence intensity could also be identified in the starchy endosperm and hull samples, which may be explained by the ferulic acid content of the starchy endosperm and of the hull. 450 nm (FIGS. 6g-6i) excitation gave rise to considerable fluorescence intensity at 520 nm from the hull samples and minor fluorescence intensity at 520 nm from the aleurone samples. The flour samples exhibited as good as no fluorescence intensity at 520 nm.
The amounts of the hull, aleurone and starchy endosperm samples taken from the above-mentioned final stages in the hull line, aleurone line and starchy endosperm line were increased in several steps and the fluorescence intensities of these increased sample amounts were determined at the following excitation/emission wavelengths: 275 nm/330 nm, 350 nm/425 nm and 450 nm/550 nm. It was ascertained that increased sample amounts gave rise to increased fluorescence intensities, although certain intensity leveling-out effects could be noted at higher sample amounts, which may be explained by the concealment of fluorescent particles in too large sample amounts. Table 1 represents a series of experiments with increased sample amounts. The same Table also reproduces typical tendency results of fluorescence intensity determinations on samples which were obtained by a mixture of flour fraction, aleurone fraction and hull fraction. The intensity determinations of the fluorescence from mixtures of the flour fraction and aleurone fraction showed conclusively that the 330 nm emission at 275 nm excitation may unequivocally be related to the starchy endosperm, since an increased weight ratio of starchy endosperm fraction to aleurone fraction gave increased fluoroescence intensity. It was also shown conclusively that the 550 nm emission at 450 nm excitation may be related to the hull.
It could furthermore be ascertained that the starchy endosperm samples mixed with aleurone fraction parts and the starchy endosperm samples mixed with hull fraction parts exhibited less fluorescence intensity than the starchy endosperm fraction sample when the starchy endosperm samples and the purer starchy endosperm fraction samples had the same weight and were irradiated at 275 nm, the emission monochromator being set at 330 nm. This intensity-reduction may be explained by the fact that the emission at 330 nm from the four sample is a source of excitation for the aleurone fraction part and, thus, does not escape from the mixture sample; and that the 425 nm and 470 nm emission of the aleurone fraction part, excited at 330 nm, is an excitation source for the hull fraction part.
TABLE 1______________________________________flour aleurone hull 275 350 450 excitation (nm)fraction fraction fraction 330 425 550 emission (nm)sample amounts (mg) intensity values______________________________________10 60020 98030 110040 1400 10 95 20 150 30 160 40 160 10 9 20 14 30 19 40 4310 40 292 16020 30 426 17030 20 680 15040 10 920 40010 40 35 7020 30 110 1730 20 2340 10 330 1130 10 10 220 220 15______________________________________
However, these investigations of mixtures show, as is apparent from the above Table, that the adulteration of the flour fraction sample with hull layer and aleurone layer parts may be quantitatively determined in a simple manner, this quantitative determination being carried out with the assistance of intensity values from known mixtures (that is to say mixtures with known weight ratios of flour/aleurone plus hull). It should, nonetheless, be emphasized that calculation methods, preferably computerbased, for determining the content of different fluorescent substances in a mixture of such substances on illumination of the mixtures with different excitation wavelengths, are available to persons skilled in the art, these calculation methods being applicable to mixtures of seed or kernel component parts.
Another method according to the invention of determining absolute amounts of starchy endosperm parts, aleurone layer parts and hull layer parts is image analysis of the discrete particles of samples, carried out by means of an apparatus according to the invention, which consists of a conventional image analyzer, coupled to a fluorescence microscope having means for excitation and emission of radiation at or close to the wavelengths determined in accordance with the above by means of the spectrofluorimeter. Image analyzers are most often adjustable on different gray scale values, the different, above-described fluorescences at varying excitation wavelengths or at one excitation wavelength being sensed with the assistance of different gray scale values and related to the seed or kernel particles or particle parts which give rise to these fluorescence colors. According to Table II, samples were analyzed from the hull line, aleurone line and flour line, respectively, of a mill plant, in a Quantimet 720 (Cambridge Instrument) image analyzer whose TV camera, provided with a plumbicon tube, was coupled to a Reichert UNIVAR microscope under which each respective sample was illuminated with a 200 W HBO-lamp, the microscope being provided with a filter combination selected on the basis of fluorescence data (i.e. excitation at 350-450 nm and emission filters at 515-700 nm). This filter combination was selected using, as a point of departure, and fluorescence wavelengths determined by the spectrofluorimeter and was suited for detection of the fluorescence of both the hull particles and the aleurone particles. This could be confirmed in the microscope and on the TV screen. With this filter combination, the samples were illuminated at two different gray scale values, one for hull andone for hull+aleurone: The combination hull+aleurone+starchy endosperm (that is to say the entire particle surface) was measured under illumination with incandescent light. The different above-discussed samples were then intermixed in determined amounts and measured by means of the image analyser. The content of hull, aleurone and starchy endosperm, calculated on the basis of the mixture proportions, was compared with the measured values, a linear function being obtained with a correlation coefficient r=+0.99. Thus, as opposed to fluorescence spectrometer measurements of the fluorescence from mixed particles, it was possible, with the assistance of the image analyzer, to obtain simple linear expressions of the amounts of the botanical component parts by establishing by planimetry the surface areas of these particles by registration on different gray scale levels.
Finally, the hull fraction, aleurone fraction and flour fraction were analyzed with respect to ash, fiber and starch (please see Table II), like the above-described mixtures of these fractions. The surface areas of the hull, aleurone and starchy endosperm parts in these samples, measured with the assistance of the image analyzer, were correlated with ash, fiber and starch content determinations (please see Table II). It is apparent that hull gives a higher correlation coefficient with fiber (+0.99) than with ash (+0.89), whereas, on the contrary, the aleurone fraction gives its highest correlation coefficient with ash (+0.98) and a lower correlation coefficient with fiber (+0.87) which illustrates the great advantage of being able to calculate these botanical component parts of the seed or kernel independent of each other with great accuracy and rapidity. As was to be expected, the starchy endosperm content, calculated by means of the image analyzer (which is calculated as a difference between the total particle surface minus the hull and aleurone surfaces) is very negatively correlated with ash and fiber and very positively correlated with starch. The image analysis method may, thus, also be used for estimating the starch content, ash and fiber content.
TABLE II______________________________________Analysis of wheat flour______________________________________particle analysis% total surfacekernel starchy % of dry matterfraction hull aleurone endosperm ash fiber starch______________________________________hull 55.0 11.4 33.6 3.8 14.2 19.3fractionaleurone 12.2 9.1 78.7 2.7 3.9 53.6fractionflour 1.0 0.9 98.1 0.5 0.2 86.9fraction______________________________________Correlation coefficients between different analysis para-meters in mixture experiments with hull fraction, aleuronefraction and flour fraction______________________________________x/y ash fiber starch______________________________________hull +0.89 +0.99 -0.95aleurone +0.98 +0.87 -0.96starchy -0.93 -0.99 +0.98endosperm______________________________________
The number of particles fluorescing with different colors or wavelengths may also be calculated by means of equipment simpler than an image analyzer, in which microscope-connected photomultipliers or other detection surfaces sensitive to the fluorescences from the hull and aleurone particles, and sensitive to the reflection of excitation radiation from non-flourescing particles or particle parts are connected to the field of view of the microscope. This technique is known to persons skilled in the art, for which reason it will not be described in greater detail.
The seed component part fractions in accordance with the above were also irradiated with X-rays in order to ascertain the reaction of the component parts to X-ray radiation. It proved that the starchy endosperm fraction had a fluorescence maximum at 3310-3600 MeV, which agrees with the fluorescence of potassium on X-ray radiation; that the aleurone fraction had one fluorescence maximum at 2020-2140 MeV, which agrees with the fluorescence maximum of phosphorus on X-ray radiation, and one fluorescence maximum at 2300-2470 MeV, which closely agrees with the fluorescence maximum of sulfur on X-ray radiation, and that the hull fraction had a fluorescence maximum at 1740-1830 MeV, which closely agrees with the fluorescence maximum of silica on X-ray radiation. These X-ray fluorescences are characteristic for starchy endosperm parts (potassium), aleurone parts (phosphorus, sulfur) and hull parts (silica).
An apparatus according to the invention for good manual estimation of the contents, of seed or kernel fraction samples, of hull layer parts, aleurone layer parts and starchy endosperm parts is shown in FIG. 7. This apparatus comprises a box 1 with a curtained opening 2 in in one side wall and a peep sight 3 in the top wall. Adjacent the peep sight 3, on either side thereof, are disposed spectral lamps 4, 5 and 6, respectively, of 330 nm, 450 nm and incandescence. One or more incandescent light tubes 7 are disposed under a partition 8 placed opposite the top wall. The center portion of the partition consists of an opal glass disk 9 which may be used as a receptacle surface for a sample and thus is permeable to the light tube light for illumination right through the sample, which may be advantageous. The intensity and activation/deactivation of these lamps and tubes are controlled each by means of a regulator 10 disposed on the outside of the box and connected to the lamps and tubes in a manner which is not shown in great detail. Different emission filters 11 for the visible fluorescence from the starchy endosperm, aleurone and hull particles and particle parts are provided, these filters being selected on the basis of the spectrofluorimeter experiments and correlated to the maximum sensitivity of the eye for each respective fluorescence. The filters may, by means of rotary filter holders 12 located outside the box 1, be brought into alignment with the peep sight 3 so that the filter is located between the peep sight and the opal glass disk 9. A magnifying glass 13 is provided and may be maneuvred from outside the box into the path of the light from the sample. A brown color scale 14 having a field with increasing brown color intensity, a yellow fluorescence scale 15 having a field with increasing yellow/yellow-green color intensity and a blue fluorescence scale 16 having a field with increasing blue color intensity are disposed about the glass disk 9. The field of the color scale 14 is calibrated against known weight or volume proportions between hull parts and the other seed component parts in samples, the calibration being based on eye observations in visible light. The fields of the color scales 15 and 16 are calibrated against known weight or volume proportions between aleurone parts and hull parts in ground seed samples, these calibrations being based on, for example, prior image analyses and microscope observations in accordance with the description above.
The apparatus functions as follows: a ground seed fraction sample is manually introduced through the opening 2 and may be observed in the hand or placed on the glass disk 9 alternatingly under 350 nm excitation, 450 nm excitation and white light. The magnifying glass 13 may be moved in front of the peep sight 3 through which the sample may be observed under magnification. The obtained intensive fluorescence colors, and, if desired the visible brown color under incandescent light, are compared with the color scales 15, 16 and 14, respectively, for obtaining an estimation of the amount of aleurone layer component parts, hull layer component parts, and thereby also the amount of starchy endosperm component parts in the sample. By variation of the light setting from beneath and above the sample, it is possible conclusively to identify the botanical composition of the particles with respect to these component parts. The peep sight 3 or some other opening in the top wall of the box 1 may be disposed for mounting a camera.
An apparatus for the automatic operational control of an installation for the separation of botanical component parts, such as a mill, is illustrated in FIG. 8. In this apparatus, a sample placed on a sample receptacle 18 is illuminated by means of a UV-lamp 17a or a lamp for visible light 17b and/or a lamp for incandescent light 17c.The lamps 17a and 17b are disposed for irradiation of the sample with incident light for fluorescence excitation of the sample, whereas the lamp 17c is disposed for illumination right through the sample, for which purpose the sample receptacle 18 is permeable to white light. A condenser 19 is disposed in front of the lamp 17c and a filter holder 20 is disposed in front of each lamp 17a-17c. Different filters may be inserted into these filter holders. The filters in front of the lamps 17a and 17b are selected in view of the fluorescences which are characteristic for the seed component parts in the sample. A quartz glass 21a is disposed above the sample receptacle 18 for allowing the passage of UV-light. A further filter holder 21b is disposed above the sample receptacle 18. A lens 22 receives the light which is let through or emitted by the sample in the sample receptacle, only that light being received since a screen 26 screens off light from outside. The light from the lens is led to an adjustable prism 23 which deflects a portion of the light to an occular 24a through which the eye 25 may observe the light from the sample, and another portion of the light to a second occular 24b which leads this portion of the light to a registration instrument or a light analyzer unit 27, such as an image analyzer, a spectrofluorimeter or a spectrophotometer or photomultipliers/light-sensitive detection surfaces. A signal processing unit 28 receives the signals issued from the unit 27 in dependence upon the content of the seed component parts in the sample and actuates, via suitable regulator devices or relays 29, the devices or means of the mill 30 for adjusting the grinding fineness and fraction composition, such as the nip adjustment means of the mill rollers or grinding disks, the sieves, the wind sieve fans etc. The signals from the unit 27 may also be utilized for transferring, via a shunt, an adulterated seed fraction, which adulteration may be discovered with the previously described means, to a special silo instead of to the silo provided for accommodating the pure or relatively pure fraction. The sample receptacle 18 may be disposed on or consist of a movable conveyor belt 32 which receives the samples from the mill for continuous analysis. Furthermore, the signal from the signal processing unit 28 may be utilized to order the introduction of a special sieve in the mill process, this sieve sifting off the impurities or adulterations. The signals from the unit 28 may also be used for automatic registration, calculation and printing-out of the composition of ground seed products for the automatic provision of a goods declaration on the packaging of these products.
Thus, the present invention has provided a method and an apparatus for identification of the botanical seed component parts: the hull layer, aleurone layer and starchy endosperm, which identification can, according to the invention, be utilized for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of ground seed samples. The identification and analysis carried out according to the invention has no destructive effect on the samples and entails no addition of chemicals to the samples, so that the analyzed samples may be returned to the mill process or packaging process. It should, here, be observed that the identification and analysis of the above-described botanical seed component parts; the hull layer, aleurone layer and starchy endosperm; have been given merely for purposes of exemplification: the method and apparatus according to the invention may be applied in association with separation processes for other botanical plant parts or other plant component parts and in conjunction with the identification of other botanical plant parts or other plant component parts for purposes other than separation.


A Vatican cardinal sued a Canadian woman for defamation in a Canadian court Tuesday after she accused him of sexual assault while serving as Quebec archbishop.
Cardinal Marc Ouellet, head of the Vatican’s office of bishops, is seeking C$100,000 ($74,000) in compensatory damages for “injuries to his reputation, honor and dignity,” according to a copy of the complaint provided by Ouellet’s office.
The woman, identified only as F., was one of several people who filed a class-action lawsuit against the Quebec archdiocese in August, alleging sexual abuse or assault by several priests, including Ouellet. F. accused Ouellet of inappropriate sexual touching on four occasions in the late 2000s.
Ouellet’s countersuit, filed Tuesday in Quebec Superior Court, reiterated the cardinal’s staunch denials and said he did not recall seeing F.
Even if the allegations are true, the woman’s specific account of her alleged conduct cannot be construed as “sexual assault” or sexual abuse of a minor, which are other crimes included in the class action, his lawsuit said.
“Associating Mr. Ouellet with such conduct creates in the minds of ordinary citizens the perception that Mr. Ouellet is one of a kind, which he clearly is not,” the Cardinal’s lawsuit states.
It said the woman had experienced “serious psychological distress” and his international reputation had been “severely damaged” since the woman’s allegations became public.
Pope Francis put the Church’s investigation of Ouellet on hold after a priest investigator interviewed F. and determined there was no reason to investigate further. Investigators determined the woman made no substantiated allegations, the Vatican said.
A call seeking comment from F.’s attorney was not immediately returned.
In a statement, Ouellet said victims of sexual abuse are entitled to justice and reparation, and said he was sensitive to their pain.
“I take this position without questioning their right to justice, which nonetheless is necessary to defend the truth, my name and my honor,” he said.
Any compensation money will be donated to “the fight against sexual abuse of Indigenous people in Canada,” he said.
The Associated Press report was first published on December 13, 2022.


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1. a shield or shield-like surface on which a coat of arms is depicted.
2. an ornamental or protective plate around a keyhole, door handle, drawer pull, light switch, etc.
3. Nautical . a panel on the stern of a vessel bearing its name and port of registry.
Mating on the old door frame
Calling for skeleton keys
Iron twins joined at the hips
Door opening enigmas
21st July 2018
21 hours ago

domain: design


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Superman: The Man of Tomorrow (1995-1999) #4
Superman: The Man of Tomorrow (1995-1999)
Captain Marvel and the wizard Shazam enlist Superman's aid in challenging the might of Satanus. Plus, Lex Luthor and the Contessa's partnership becomes more…intimate.
Print Release Date
February 7 1996
Digital Release Date
November 10 2016

domain: entertainment


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If you are in a relationship and it seems as if things are not going as planned, there is a good chance that you have thought about filing for a divorce. Unfortunately, you probably don’t want to have to worry about losing everything that you have worked hard to purchase. If this is the case, there is no shame in admitting that you don’t want to go through this alone. Rather than taking any unnecessary chances, take the time to set up an appointment with a divorce lawyer in Brookfield, WI today.
A lawyer is happy to sit down with a potential client to discuss the whole matter and what happens next. A lawyer is going to need to know more about the details of this relationship. They will also need to know whether or not children are involved, and if so, if they belong to both parents or not. It needs to be verified whether or not child support is necessary where the children are going to live. Unfortunately, some parents make the mistake of fighting for a child that they cannot take care of. Don’t try to do this just because you don’t want to pay child support. Instead, do the right thing and own up to the responsibilities that come from being a parent. You can find more information here on this website. This will help you to know more about what can be expected regarding filing for a divorce. If you decide it is the right choice, the divorce lawyer in Brookfield, WI will be happy to help with the papers.
Sometimes, it may be possible to get through this divorce without having to go to court, which is a great way to save money. Unfortunately, it isn’t always possible. Check with the divorce lawyer and get started whenever you are ready. One thing is for certain: you never have to go through this alone. It is understandable that you are having a hard time, but rest assured that someone will be there to make this situation easier to deal with.

domain: law


text:
Deal over Afghan parliament stand-off 'in doubt'
A deal to open Afghanistan's lower house of parliament on Wednesday appears to be in doubt.
President Hamid Karzai had agreed to the move after MPs reportedly said they would respect the findings of an electoral fraud tribunal.
But now MPs appear to be pressing for the abolition of the Karzai-backed tribunal, calling it unconstitutional.
Talks are continuing, but the issue is threatening to cause a constitutional crisis.
The 249-member lower house of parliament - the Wolesi Jirga - was originally scheduled to open on Sunday.
But Mr Karzai last week ordered a one-month delay to give the tribunal more time to investigate fraud allegations made after last September's poll.
The president later reversed the decision, after the deal was reportedly reached that lawmakers would respect the tribunal's decisions.
But on Sunday, some MPs were allegedly pressing for the tribunal to be abolished and criminal cases be handled by regular courts.
Dozens of MPs are reportedly among the cases the tribunal is investigating, and they fear that they could lose their jobs.
Critics say Mr Karzai is not happy with the results of the parliamentary poll, which has produced a lower house with a larger, more vocal and coherent opposition than the previous chamber.
The new parliament contains bigger groups of ethnic Tajiks and Hazaras, who may challenge the president's traditional power base among Pashtuns, Afghanistan's largest ethnic group.
Although it is largely seen as weak in comparison with the president and his government, the legislature has successfully blocked many cabinet appointments and is a major dissenting voice in the country.
Electoral officials who organised the poll say the probe is unconstitutional.
Afghan electoral law states that the Electoral Complaints Commission (ECC) is the ultimate arbiter of disputes over fraud, and that the results declared by the Independent Election Commission (IEC) are final.
The IEC announced the final results on 1 December after the ECC had concluded its investigations, but the attorney-general continued to look into complaints and set up the special tribunal.
The head of the five-judge panel has said there is evidence of fraud countrywide, and a need to investigate more than 300 cases.
Last week, the UN, EU, US and Canada expressed their "deep concern" at the delay.
"Afghanistan's peaceful future lies in the building up of robust democratic institutions based on the rule of law and clear respect for the separation of powers," a joint statement said.


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River, valley, and sky of Atlyn-Arashan, Kyrgyzstan
Galloping along the lakeshore of Song-Kol, Kyrgyzstan
Annie’s Birthday Surprise – a Horse for the Day
Camping While Surrounded by Galloping Wild Horses, Kyrgyzstan
“Wow, dad, come and look. This is so cool!” Nathan gestured me to come closer to the two big motorbikes parked right in front of a pink wall Homestay in the village of Sara Tash, Kyrgyzstan.
“Do you see that size of the seat, tire and the engine?” He continued excitedly. “There are two large metal casing hanging in the back and a large headlight in the front full of dead insects.” Continue reading The Fellowship of World Travelers


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Students at Drake University are taking action after another racist note was left under the door of a Black student.
University president Marty Martin wrote an email to the students and faculty members addressing the hateful note.
"Dear Drake community members,
Earlier this evening another hateful note was placed under the door of a first year student of color. This occurred in a residence hall other than Carpenter Hall. No further identifying details will be shared at this time at the request of the student involved.
Drake Public Safety is working with the Des Moines Police Department on this incident. We have reason to believe that the same person is responsible for both the note in Carpenter and the note delivered tonight.
Everyone who is reading this message has already heard me say that I condemn this conduct as your president, that it is in direct contradiction to the values of this institution, and that, if discovered, the culprit will be subject to the full force of the Drake Student Code of Conduct and any applicable state or federal laws. Furthermore, it is my belief that the person responsible for these acts will read this message. So, to that person I say you do not belong here and you will not succeed in tearing this community apart. Indeed, as you are undoubtedly aware, you are bringing us, particularly our student body, together in our commitment to counter your message of hatred and racial superiority. The fact that you sneak around delivering your scribbled notes is a blatant acknowledgment that you and your message are corrupt. You will not win.
To all of my colleagues and our dear students, stay strong and determined in your opposition to this hatred and in your offering of care and compassion to each other. We will proclaim this very loudly tomorrow at the rally in Helmick Commons."
The email comes after a slew of racially-motivated events at the Des Moines college. Last week, a 75-second racist robocall targeted 250 of the college's students, leaving some fearful of their time on campus. The robocall was via a wel known anti-semitic Idaho group.
Martin said Drake Public Safety is working with the Des Moines Police Department investigating the matter.
At noon today (Nov. 14), students will hold a rally in Helmick Commons on Drake's campus to celebrate the university's diversity. Plans are also being made to paint the 54 squares on Paint Street black.
Robocalls appears to be the new way for white supremacists to spread their hate without being recognized and losing their jobs. But their efforts seem to be doing nothing but bringing communities together.


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Evan Jager won the silver medal in the men's 3,000-meter steeplechase Wednesday afternoon at Rio's Olympic Stadium, giving the U.S. its first medal in the event since Brian Diemer's bronze at the Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games.
Jager ran a season-best 8:04.28 to finish one second behind Kenya's Conseslus Kipruto, who set an Olympic record with his time of 8:03.28. Jager's time also was under the old Olympic record of 8:05.51, which had stood since the Seoul 1988 Olympic Games.
Ezekiel Kemboi of Kenya won the bronze with a time of 8:08.47. Two other Americans finished in the top 10: Hillary Bor was eighth with a personal best time of 8:22.74, while Donald Cabral was ninth in 8:25.81.
Download the Team USA app today for breaking news, 2016 U.S. Olympic Team bios, videos and more.


After my experience at SXSW, I've decided to start doing more videos of this nature, for viewers to get essentially my perspective on whatever event I decide to got to. What with everybody filming up the shows, parties and whatever random-ass social functions that'll ultimately end up flooding the Internets throughout the week (you'll see what I mean in some of my shots), why not try to bring something a little different to the table? Check for appearances by XV, Outasight, Asher Roth, J.A.M.E.S Watts, Peter Rosenberg, Pill, LowKey, some attractive bitties making goofy faces and more.
Also check out Peter Rosenberg interviewing J. Cole before the show, down bottom.
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When the Cowboys spent a second-round draft pick on Boise State pass-rusher DeMarcus Lawrence a couple of years ago, it was done with the idea of getting an heir apparent to DeMarcus Ware, who is arguably the best pass-rusher to ever wear a Cowboys uniform.
Late last season, the switch seemed to come on for Lawrence, who was the goat and hero of the Cowboys' playoff win over Detroit all in the span of just a couple of minutes. And it's carried over into 2015.
In his sophomore campaign, Lawrence now leads the Cowboys in sacks on the season with eight and has seven sacks in his last seven games, a run he continued in Sunday's loss to the Bills when he dropped Tyrod Taylor for a loss.
Connecting you to your favorite North Texas sports teams as well as sports news around the globe.
Beginning with the Cowboys' loss in Tampa back on Nov. 15, Lawrence has had at least one sack in six of his seven games, and he had two in the Cowboys' win over the NFC East champion Redskins back on Dec. 7. Since then, he's had one in each of his past three games against the Packers, Jets and Bills.
Remember when the Cowboys signed a big, bad mutha by the name of Greg Hardy, who brought all kinds of excess baggage with him but was supposedly the best pass-rusher in football? Well, since returning from his suspension, Lawrence has been the guy they thought they were getting with Hardy, which is both a very good and very bad thing.