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AttentionA: In our store, products from Zhengzhou Pharmaceutical are protected by a special hologram on the packaging.
- Manufacturer: Zhengzhou Pharmaceutical
- Release form: 1mg 25 tab
- Active ingredient: Anastrozole (Anastrozole)
- Country: China
The active ingredient of Zhengzhou Anastrozole has the same name anastrozole and is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, which also includes vorozole and letrozole. Exedrol or even mesterolone can be called a partial analogue of it, they block the aromatase enzyme, but unlike the described substance, they are steroid drugs with a certain androgenic activity.
Zhengzhou Anastrozole has a wide popularity in sports practice, especially among experienced athletes conducting heavy courses. Here it is used as an antiestrogen adjunct during the course itself (not post-cycle therapy) to prevent/minimize estrogenic side effects (which include fluid retention and gynecomastia, among others).
Zhengzhou Anastrozole is a powerful antiestrogen, considered one of the strongest among analogues, reviews of the drug confirm this. Its use is advisable either from the beginning of the course with an obvious risk of developing estrogen side effects (for preventive purposes), or when their first symptoms appear (for treatment).
The mechanism of action of Anastrozole is strikingly different from drugs such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, which, like him, are common in sports.It has been observed that the drug blocks the aromatase enzyme, preventing the very process of estrogen formation, while tamoxifen and clomiphene act as estrogen receptor blockers.
When following the recommendations of Zhengzhou Anastrozole, it is a relatively harmless drug to use, however, side effects may occur with abuse or individual predisposition. Probable here are violations of the central nervous system (headaches, drowsiness, asthenia), protein metabolism (raising cholesterol) and the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, even anorexia).

domain: biology


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LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION IN THE AL-QUR’ĀN; KHĀFĪ ALFĀZ APPROACH TO THE CORRUPTION VERSES
(1) * Abd. Basid   (Universitas Nurul Jadid, Probolinggo)
(2)  Muhammad Naufal Ashshiddiqi   (Universitas Nurul Jadid, Probolinggo)
(3)  Rif’atul Afifah Salsabila   (Universitas Nurul Jadid, Probolinggo)
(4)  Dianatus Sholiha   (Universitas Nurul Jadid, Probolinggo)
(*) Corresponding Author
The term corruption is known in modern society and was not found in the early days and development of Islam. In Indonesia, many corrupt practices were found around 1950. Furthermore, in relation to its legal arguments, al-Qur’an does not directly mention laws and sanctions for corruptors. Therefore there are many differences of opinion in determining the sentence. This research will discuss and explore the laws and sanctions for corruptors from the four verses of the Qur'an, namely QS. Āli ‘Imrān : 161, QS. Al-Nisā ': 29, QS. Al-Baqarah : 188, and QS. Al-Māidah : 38 using the khāfī alfāz interpretation approach. By using thematic methods and liberative hermeneutics, this study finds a conclusion that the law of corruption is the same as al-sāriq and the legal consequences are the same as thieves, namely punishment (cutting off hands) or imprisonment
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Copyright (c) 2021 Abd. Basid, Muhammad Naufal Ashshiddiqi, Rif’atul Afifah Salsabila, Dianatus Sholiha
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domain: library


Dave posts information useful to constituents here. Information no longer current may be seen in the archive section below the line.
Forms connected with Elections are available from Gateshead Council. You may download forms from their site through these links. They are in PDF format
Contact the Electoral Office at Gateshead Council:
Return to Homepage


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Port Canaveral Receives 20th Financial Reporting Excellence Award
PORT CANAVERAL, FL - December 7, 2011 – For the 20th consecutive year, the Canaveral Port Authority has been recognized with the Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting for its comprehensive annual financial report (CAFR). The award from the Government Finance Officers Association of the United States and Canada is the highest recognition for governmental accounting and financial reporting.
"We have set high standards for ourselves to operate Port Canaveral with efficiency and accountability," said Commissioner Tom Weinberg, Secretary/Treasurer of the Canaveral Port Authority. "To receive this honor 20 consecutive times lauding our commitment to excellence is an achievement we highly value."
"This recognition is validation of our historical adherence to full disclosure reporting," says Joe Matheny, Chairman of the Canaveral Port Authority. "These sound business principles have allowed the Canaveral Port Authority to operate without collecting taxes since 1986, while serving as one of Central Florida’s most important economic engines."
Port Canaveral currently has $100 million in construction projects in progress or initiating, including construction of a new cruise terminal; cargo terminal, fire station and Welcome Center.
For Canaveral Port Authority
321/783-7831, ext. 242

domain: economics


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Breeding is part and parcel of a chihuahua’s life. The Dog heat cycle is characterized by some behavioral and physical changes, just like other dogs, which you cannot miss. However, it can be challenging at times since they lick their selves clean, which means you need to observe other factors. At this stage, they need super care and supervision so as to ensure that you don’t end up with a litter of puppies. Most of the owners raise concerns about their pets during the heat cycle since they don’t know how well to handle them.
At what age does the chihuahua’s heat cycle begin?
Since they are among the smaller dog breeds, their heat cycle tends to begin as early as when they are still puppies. This is usually between the ages of 5 to 8 months or at the latest, 12 months. This varies with the different types of chihuahuas. The heat cycle indicates that the dog has now entered the puberty stage and is ready for reproduction. During your female’s first heat cycle, it is important to keep the male dog away since pregnancy at such an early age cannot be the best option for you and your pet.
How long does the heat cycle last?
The heat cycle also known as estrous will vary in length depending on the dog breed. The chihuahua heat cycle is divided into four different definitive stages, each characterized by unique traits. On average, your little chi will be in the heat cycle for at least 21days. The dog goes into the heat cycle twice a year with five or eight months between them.
The Stages of the heat cycle and what to expect during this time.
This is the first stage of the heat cycle and will occur for the first four to nine days. At this stage, you will observe that your chihuahua has swollen nipples, vulva, and bleeding, alongside grooming themselves often and mood swings. You may also observe discharge which is often the result of an infection on the uterus or vulva. Keep an eye on the discharge to ensure that your dog doesn’t develop serious complications.
The second stage will last between four to thirteen days. The bleeding and swelling that you noted during the first stage will have decreased by now. This is the peak of the heat cycle and you may note that your chihuahua is flagging and will be flirty towards her male counterparts. If you haven’t spayed it yet, then there’s a higher chance of pregnancy.
The third stage referred to as Diestrus or Mestrus lasts between 60 to 90 days if and only if, the dog did not get pregnant. However, if there was mating during the heating season and got pregnant, this stage will last for 63 days. During this stage, the chihuahua female loses the interest she had in the male dog and her body parts are gradually restored to their normal size.
this is the final stage of the dog’s heat cycle and lasts between two to three months. It is a resting stage where the body heals and recuperates from the periods. In preparation for the heat cycle to come in a few months’ time. As the heat cycle comes to an end, she will portray motherly traits – brought about by hormonal changes – towards stuffed animals, if she didn’t have contact with a male.
At what age does the chihuahua’s heat cycle end?
It is not certain when the heat cycle will cease since there is nothing like dog menopause. Therefore, this means that your dog will have heat cycles for the rest of its life. For further knowledge on this, you can visit your veterinarian and guide you through how the heat cycle in a dog ends.
How to deal with a chihuahua during the heat cycle?
- Keep her away from male dogs to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
- Be careful when handling them since at this time they have aggravated mood swings which can make them easily irritable.
- To avoid bloody messes on your floors, bedding, and couches, try disposable doggie diapers.
- Be cautious of your chihuahua’s behavior even after the bleeding has stopped. It doesn’t necessarily mean that the heat cycle is over. If she gets involved with a male dog, she will get pregnant.
- Some chihuahuas lost their appetite during the heat cycle, so in order to make them eat add some chicken or baby food to their meals. This way you will help the dog to eat without adding a lot of calories to her diet.
- Our dog’s health is crucial, and for this reason, you should take your dog to your veterinarian for any specific concerns connected to your dog’s heat cycle.
How to Eliminate a Chihuahua Heat cycle?
Spaying a dog involves removing a female dog’s uterus and ovaries, thus eliminating heat cycles altogether.
There are so many reasons why some people don’t like to deal with a chihuahua that is in a heat cycle, firstly, they are not ready to deal with stress and the lifestyle changes caused by the heat cycle of the dog. Secondly, some don’t like to keep their dog in the house for an entire month twice a year and the necessary extra precautions when taking her outside.
The above reasons push some owners to search for a way to prevent a chihuahua from going into heat. If they do so your dog must be spayed.
Spaying a dog means removing her uterus and ovaries, therefore eliminating heat cycles completely.
Experts say it is better to not spay your chihuahua female until her growth plates are closed. Because according to them this way the chihuahua female will benefit from the hormones she was born with, which also will help her to stay healthy during her life.
You can spay your little chihuahua female if you think that you are unable to control your chihuahua through her first heat. Because the risks of unplanned pregnancy are bigger than spaying a chihuahua who is under six months old.
- If you decided to not spay your chihuahua until her growth plates are closed, you should put in mind that you will experience at least one heat with your female chihuahua. This means that you should wait at least 3 months for your dog’s hormones to return to a normal state after a heat cycle. Therefore, we recommend waiting at least 3 months before spaying your dog.
- Ovary Sparing Spay called OSS is a procedure that eliminates the possibility of pregnancy with one or both ovaries intact. However, it is advisable to seek your veterinarian’s advice if you are concerned about your chihuahua’s hormone loss.
Learning about the chihuahua heat cycle is very important so that you can take good care of your pet. If you aren’t ready to breed her. Please make sure that you don’t let her run off. As she might collide with a male counterpart and get pregnant. Help your dog get by the heat cycle smoothly. And with ease with the above tips on how to handle her during the heat cycle.
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domain: pet


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OLYMPIA, Clean. (AP) — Household and Senate Democrats on Monday produced their separate supplemental condition budget proposals and will soon start off negotiations to get to a closing system they can pass prior to the legislative session finishes in just around two weeks.
Price range leaders released their designs Monday, hrs right before public hearings had been to be held on the proposals. Each individual chamber appears to be like to pass their approach off their respective floors by this weekend, and negotiations are envisioned to commence following week.
Each and every plan appears to be to raise expending in a variety of places, together with initiatives on cutting down homelessness, introducing additional social supports — like nurses and counselors — for students, and salmon restoration.
Equally reflect the sizeable improve in revenues the point out has viewed over the previous yr, with the $63.4 billion Senate budget adding about $5.8 billion in new spending to the two-calendar year finances passed by lawmakers last April, and the somewhere around $65 billion Home b udget incorporating $6.2 billion in new paying.
Men and women are also reading…
No typical tax improves are incorporated in the proposal, which builds off of the $59 billion two-yr spending plan adopted by the Legislature previously this yr. That’s in portion for the reason that of about $1.3 billion in unspent pandemic-related federal relief cash and the truth that the condition has observed a constant recovery of state revenues because the start out of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Senate works by using all of individuals federal cash in their spending plan proposal, while the Dwelling financial institutions nearly a billion of it in reserves.
The most recent figures presented very last month by the state’s Financial and Profits Forecast Council confirmed that projected income assortment for the 2021-2023 funds cycle is far more than $1.4 billion previously mentioned what had been forecasted in November. And projections for the subsequent two-calendar year spending budget cycle that finishes in mid-2025 elevated by more than $1.3 billion.
“It’s obvious that immediately after two tough and complicated many years, our point out is in a sturdy situation to come roaring back,” Democratic Sen. Christine Rolfes, the vital spending budget writer in the Senate, stated at a news convention Monday. “It’s time to appear outside of the pandemic and our proposal does just that.”
The Senate system leaves $3.3 billion in reserves, and the Household has about $2.2 billion, together with the pandemic revenue it is banking for future use.
The Property approach features a sales tax vacation over Labor Working day weekend for buys under $1,000, and $200 million in grants for hospitality firms, together with dining places and inns that ended up hit hard during the pandemic.
Democratic Rep. Noel Frame explained these kinds of investments “are just some of the tools that we can use to spur financial expansion.”
Republicans, who have called for home tax cuts and other tax breaks in light of the inflow of state revenues, decried the lack of wide tax reduction in the steps.
“The concept from the greater part is that there will by no means be a superior time to let taxpayers continue to keep extra of their own funds – which is not the way to rebuild public rely on in authorities,” Republican Sen. Lynda Wilson said in a assertion.
The 60-day legislative session finishes March 10.
Copyright 2022 The Connected Push. All legal rights reserved. This content may well not be printed, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without having authorization.

domain: news


For borrowers with erratic incomes, or little savings, the 30-year mortgage does not amortize quickly enough to gain the equity needed to protect a family during hard times. This fact alone goes a long way toward explaining the FHA’s 3.14 million foreclosures since 1975.
Myth 4: High delinquency rates overstate the problem.
Nearly 1 in 6 FHA borrowers is delinquent today. The FHA claims this isn’t a big problem because borrowers go in and out of delinquency and don’t necessarily lose their homes. This ignores the harm of delinquency. Consumers with a 660-740 FICO score lose an average of 75 points on their credit score with just one new 30-day delinquency. Those lower credit scores add up to higher costs for individual borrowing — and collectively affect entire neighborhoods. That’s why even one missed mortgage payment is a big deal.
Myth 5: FHA lending is safe and responsible — it has an 80-year track record.
Even as the FHA helped working-class families achieve homeownership following World War II, it was investigated by the FBI in 1954 for involvement in fraudulent home-improvement schemes. In 1962, Time magazine noted the FHA’s escalating foreclosure rates. In 1973, author Brian D. Boyer chronicled “how the FHA Scandal worked on a day-to-day basis [to destroy neighborhoods] in the big cities of the United States.” In 1998, the late community advocate Gale Cincotta warned Congress about the FHA’s abusive lending practices.
The FHA has been plagued by fraud and mismanagement and has become synonymous with foreclosure. Worse, the FHA’s foreclosures are not evenly distributed. My research found that 9,000 ZIP codes, in working-class neighborhoods, had an average projected foreclosure rate of 15 percent.
Congress needs to change the FHA now: It sets up American families for failure and threatens taxpayers.
Edward J. Pinto, a former executive vice president and chief credit officer for Fannie Mae, is a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.


- Intel Core i7-1165G7 Processor (4 Core, 2.8GHz, Up to 4.7GHz, 12m Cache, 8T)
- Integrated Graphics
- Windows 10 Home in S Mode
- Up to 15 hours Battery life
- 15.6" Full HD Display
- Ports: 1 x HDMI 1.4
1 x USB Type-C 3.2 Gen 1
2 x USB Type-A 3.2 Gen 1
1x Headphone / Microphone Combo Jack (3.5mm)
- Keyboard : Non-Backlit English keyboard
- Color: Graphite Grey
The smart choice
The last thing you need is a hacker peeking into your life through your webcam, so the IdeaPad 5i with a physical privacy shutter blocks the camera when you don’t want to be seen. Using a Post-it note is so ‘ok boomer’.
Take down the borders
Step into the world of your favorite movies and shows with an IPS display panel designed to maximize your viewing experience. By increasing the amount of screen compared to the size of the surrounding borders, and the IdeaPad 5i has an incredible 90% Active Area Ratio.
A touch of class
This isn’t your typical laptop that you carry around—it’s a fashion statement. The IdeaPad 5i is built with a new level of attention to detail, making this machine soft and comfortable to the touch with a durable paint that creates a better user-experience and multiple color options, so you can find the one that best fits you.
The IdeaPad 5i comes with a host of options including a USB-C port with power delivery to charge your devices right from your laptop, and Rapid Charge Boost to get your battery charged as quickly as possible with speedy SSD drives, and bountiful memory options, this PC is more than just an everyday laptop, it’s an accessory to your lifestyle


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Newspaper article titled "Reminiscences of Fincastle 33 Years Ago"
"Names of Persons Owning Lots in the Town of Fincastle After the Town Was Formed in1772"
Newspaper article titled "Something That Demands Attention"
Newspaper article titled "Carrier's Address of the Botetourt News"
Correspondance to Mrs. O. W. Coon and Her Daughters
"Col. Cary Breckinridge"
Newspaper article titled "60 Families, 300 Homeless After Fire"
Newspaper article titled "Hayth's Hotel; a Summer Resort Frequented Annually by People from the South and West--an Old and Popular House of Entertainment"
Marriage Licenses in 1824
Joseph Graybill Obtains License to Operate an Ordinary
Newspaper articles titled "Large Crowds of Visitors Expected for Festival in Historic Fincastle" and "More than 2,700 Attend Many Events During Historic Fincastle Festival"
"An Act for the Establishment of the Town of Fincastle in the County of Botetourt, February 1172 "
The Town of Fincastle
To Whom It May Concern
Newspaper article titled "Slicer Cemetery Purchased"
Bill Simmons Home
Newspaper article titled "Glimpses of the Past, Interesting Reminiscences of Botetourt as She was, Her Prominent Men and Women"
Newspaper article titled "County Has 24 Sites on National Register of Historic Places"
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domain: history


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Where by to purchase Ankh jewellery in Cairo ?
Exactly what is so exceptional about acquiring ankh jewelry from Egypt ?
The ankh symbol is One of the more mysterious, finest identified and beloved symbols on the planet, classic and straightforward in its kind. Pre-dating the cross and perhaps most pagan symbols by Countless a long time, the ankh has survived to this day as a robust symbol of Life. Both of those the form itself plus the timeless that means have a wide attractiveness, as well as the ankh is often worn being an affirmation of existence alone.
A lot of experienced Egyptian silversmiths transformed the image into stunning Ankh jewellery collections for example ankh necklace, ankh bracelet, ankh rings and ankh earrings also .The traditional Egyptians connected the ankh with the spiritual lifetime of the soul that Many of us do not even think of in our each day existence.
Presenting ankh jewelry to spouse and children pals and family and friends is a superb symbolic gesture that you choose to want them Everlasting satisfied everyday living. That is probably the unique presents you can carry again from Egypt and make a pleasant effect for your family.
Although the ankh can also be the topic of other interpretations. It brings together the two forces of lifetime - the male and female symbols of Osiris and Isis.It's the union between heaven and earth, as well as the unification among the feminine and masculine principle.The prolonged standing great importance in the Ankh, and its deep symbolism to your dynastic Egyptians, result in it currently being step by step adopted through the incredibly early Christian church in Egypt (which ultimately grew to become the Coptic Church). This is very significant, because it is sort of certainly the genesis in the cross, as being the central thematic symbol in the Christian faith.For many incredible ankh jewelry goods such as ankh necklace or ankh earrings you will discover in a few specialised shops in Cairo at excellent fastened price ranges. There are lots of theories about this's origins starting from a knot made use of on ceremonial or religious garments, a stylized sandal strap or like a sexual image. The preferred theory is the fact that it represents an elaborate bow Together with the lessen section usually staying comprised of two pieces which make up the tails of the bow. read more The ankh is carried in depictions of Egyptian gods and clearlysymbolizes lifestyle in these photos. It is frequently viewed remaining offered to a king as being a symbolic 'breath of existence' and ankhs have been oftensymbolized as flowing in chains from drinking water vessels symbolizing It can be everyday living supplying properties. Vessels used for water containers in religious ceremonies were frequently created in the shape of an ankh.Like a symbol of eternal existence it had been also observed being a symbol of fertility, daily life while in the generations to come back. One more title to the ankh is The main element on ankh jewelry the Nile and as a result represents the union of Osiris and Isis which was imagined to begin the annual Nile flooding, so crucial to the Ancient Egyptians. Numerous Egyptian gods were shown Click here for products carrying an ankh, normally in both of those arms crossed about the upper body as witnessed in the statue of Osiris or an ankh in one hand along with a scepter in the other as Hathor, Isis, Anibus, Sobek, Tefnut and many more are revealed. The image also represents daily life during the netherworld plus the lifeless could be known as ankhu along with a sarcophagus as a neb-ankh.


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After a successful 2015 at Street Feast sites across London, Kozel is back at the food markets that know how to party. Dinerama reopens tonight in Shoreditch, London after a festive break and Hawker House in Canada Water, the new home of the Kozel beer truck, will open later this month.
Dinerama boasts a new winter proof roof and four new bars and will be open Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights from 5pm until midnight. Entry before 7pm is free, £3 after. Hawker House will host a range of 14 street food traders at the warehouse space in Canada Water, including Smokestak, Mother Clucker, Chuck Burger and Yum Bun. It opens Friday and Saturday nights from the end of January 5pm until midnight.
Over 88,000 pints of Kozel were enjoyed across the four Street Feast night markets in 2015. The Czech lager is the perfect accompaniment to the street food favourites such as flavour-packed beef short ribs, delicate Taiwanese buns, crisp fried chicken and juicy burgers.
Dalston Yard and Model Market, Street Feast’s other sites are due to reopen from Spring 2016. Click here for more information about Street Feast.

domain: food


University of Colorado police are searching for a suspect for unlawful sexual contact during the school’s Welcomefest concert over the weekend.
The woman told police that she was in the crowd for Welcomefest on Farrand Field at 9:22 p.m. Saturday when the suspect groped her and removed her undergarment.
The suspect was described as a college-aged Asian male standing 6 feet tall with a thin build and ear-length black hair. He was wearing a white T-shirt, possibly with a CU logo.
Anyone with information is asked to call CU police at 303-492-6666. Those who wish to remain anonymous may contact the Northern Colorado Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS or nococrimestoppers.com/


Three-dimensional (3D) imaging is a crucial information acquisition technology for light detection, autonomous vehicles, gesture recognition, machine vision, and other applications. Metasurface, as a subwavelength scale two-dimensional array, offers flexible control of optical wavefront owing to abundant design freedom. Metasurfaces are promising for use as optical devices because they have large field of view and powerful functionality. In this study, we propose a flat optical device based on a single-layer metasurface to project a coded point cloud in the Fourier space and explore a sophisticated matching algorithm to achieve 3D reconstruction, offering a complete technical roadmap for single-shot detection. We experimentally demonstrate that the depth accuracy of our system is smaller than 0.24 mm at a measurement distance of 300 mm, indicating the feasibility of the submillimetre measurement platform. Our method can pave the way for practical applications such as surface shape detection, gesture recognition, and personal authentication.
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging can perceive real-world 3D objects and reconstruct detailed features of spatial information. Due to the digital description capability of 3D imaging1,2, it plays a key role in numerous applications, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robot navigation, heritage conservation, and industrial design and inspection. In recent years, structured light techniques3,4 have been developed rapidly in both the scientific and industrial community with excellent performance in surface measurement, fast short- and mid-range distance measurement, and high accuracy. However, the size of traditional projector devices is limited because the refractive lens, and more components impose more difficulties on precise system construction, which results in a technological and manufacturing challenge to achieve compact devices. Diffractive optical elements (DOE) may only generate point clouds within a relatively small field of view owing to the large pixel sizes compared with light wavelengths5,6. Meanwhile, a 3D reconstruction algorithm for different platforms needs to be strictly designed in association with the corresponding hardware according to the accuracy, speed, and data capacity requirements. Therefore, both simple devices and corresponding reconstruction algorithms are imperative for single-shot 3D imaging.
Metasurfaces7, considered as the 2D equivalents of 3D metamaterials, are artificial optical surfaces that enable flexible modulation of the amplitude8,9, phase10,11, and polarization12,13 of the light field. They therefore provide novel platforms for numerous applications in holography display10,14,15,16, conformal optics17,18,19, and beam shaping20,21,22. Their features of miniature size, large numerical aperture, full space control, and multifunctional capability23,24 have accelerated their applications in 3D imaging10. In particular, both metalens array25 and bifocus metalens26 have been utilised in passive 3D positioning and imaging techniques, showing great potential for millimetre-scale, low-power platforms. Nevertheless, there are several difficulties in the above technique based on imaging metalens27,28,29, including limited field of view (FOV), depth of field, and image resolution. Some devices based on metasurfaces related to active 3D imaging techniques have been proposed, and they all have a relatively large FOV compared with DOE benefitting from the subwavelength size. A periodic metasurface for generating point clouds in large angular space has been demonstrated30 by optimizing the intensity uniformity of selected diffraction orders, indicating its potential spatial coding capability with the advantage of polarisation multiplexing. Meanwhile, a Dammann grating based on metasurface has been demonstrated to replace DOEs with a larger FOV31, but it only offers limited diffraction orders to expand the collimated laser pattern from the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array. Hence, integrating metasurfaces with laser sources can greatly enhance compactness and scalability32,33, paving the way for the design of versatile on-chip optoelectronic devices.
In this paper, we introduce a metasurface to project the designed pattern and present a complete computational architecture to obtain 3D information (Fig. 1), which constitute an effective 3D imaging approach. The metasurface is used to project the judiciously designed pattern in Fourier space, and a 3D reconstruction operation is proposed based on the triangulation principle34. The FOV design and number of projection points are also discussed for high-performance imaging. We also propose and analyse a complete computational framework that effectively achieves an accurate single-shot 3D reconstruction. Consequently, the depth accuracy and 3D reconstruction of different scenes using the proposed method are experimentally demonstrated. Such method is a promising approach for the future of flat optical devices in the consumer electronics and industrial vision markets; the method reduces the alignment complexity, vibration sensitivity, and manufacturing complexity of current optical imaging solutions.
Metasurface-based projection for single-shot 3D imaging
It is well known that by engineering the material, geometry, and inner resonance effect of individual nanostructures, one can control the phase, amplitude, and polarisation of the transmitted wavefront at subwavelength scales, allowing the metasurface to become a functional device in either the real space or frequency domains. Because Fourier holograms based on metasurfaces have large numerical apertures owing to subwavelength scales, the projector based on a single metasurface has a small throw ratio and long projection range. Fig 1 depicts the mechanism of 3D imaging using a compact projector based on a single-layer metasurface. The projection pattern is composed of random point clouds, and the local pattern in a rectangular window (blue window in Fig. 1) is unique in the entire projection plane, which can be identified from the spatial distribution. Meanwhile, the projection pattern is clear and satisfies the projective transformation in the entire Fraunhofer diffraction region (see Supplementary Note 1), offering a complete and accurate mathematical description of the structured pattern in a 3D space. Therefore, by combining different positions of the metasurface and the camera, it is possible to measure the 3D shape of an object based on the principle of triangulation.
It must be noted that the illumination pattern generated by the metasurface may not be identical to the design pattern owing to speckle noise. To overcome this challenge, a calibration and reconstruction operation based on the reference plane and auxiliary planes is proposed (see Supplementary Notes 3 and 4). A reference plane and two auxiliary planes are required to record the practical pattern and establish the relationship between depth and pattern shift based on cross-ratio, which is one of the most important invariants in the perspective transform. Depth information was obtained by combining the pattern offset or deformation of the captured images; depth information is obtained as shown in Fig. 1. The search operation of the corresponding pattern between the target and reference images is critical for depth calculation, and a corresponding matching algorithm is proposed based on pattern characteristics. Therefore, our method can achieve single-shot 3D imaging, which is very useful for human-computer interaction, such as gesture recognition, as shown in Fig. 1.
Metasurface design and characterisation
To build a single-shot 3D imaging mechanism, the uniqueness of the local pattern in the entire projection pattern must be satisfied; thus, there is no need for another pattern to determine the corresponding points. M-array code35, as a type of pseudo-random coding, can cause the pattern of any sub-window to appear only once in the whole pattern, achieving local uniqueness of the pattern. Therefore, M-array coding is used to design the projection pattern, as shown in Fig. 2a. The total number of spots is designed to be 1201, which can be further improved by large-area processing. The density of the projection pattern, defined by the ratio of the total area of bright spots to the area of the projection pattern, is 50%; a large information capacity guarantees precise calculation of the depth value. First, the uniqueness of every bright spot is demonstrated by the Hamming distance36, which is quantified by,
where H(i1, j1; i2, j2) is the Hamming distance between two sub-windows, each centred at the points (i1, j1) and (i2, j2) with the window size n × n, which can serve as an indicator of the pattern difference between two sub-windows in the projection plane. The maximum Hamming distance is n × n. A larger Hamming distance H(i1, j1; i2, j2) indicates a larger diversity between the two spots, which can be distinguished robustly under severe noise. For convenience, the statistical histogram of H(i1, j1; i2, j2) is shown in Fig. 2b with n = 4, which quantifies the local uniqueness in the entire projection plane. As shown, zero Hamming distance does not exist, and a Hamming distance below 4 has a proportion of less than 0.05, indicating that bright spots can be accurately determined by the space information of the adjacent spots. Therefore, taking advantage of the uniqueness of the local spatial information, a fast-matching algorithm to determine the corresponding spots can be designed easily.
Metasurface holography, benefitting from cutting-edge nanotechnology, has excellent performance, such as high precision of reconstructed images, freedom from undesired diffraction orders, and large space-width products. In particular, because the reconstructed image is located in the far field of the metasurface, Fourier holography has a large depth of field. Phase modulation based on metasurfaces can be easily achieved, and geometric metasurfaces enable superior phase control with the advantages of broadband performance, robustness against fabrication errors, and the helicity switchable property, facilitating the encoding procedure. Meanwhile, the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm was used to calculate the phase hologram (see Supplementary Note 2), which was then encoded on the geometric metasurface as a physical implementation. To ease the fabrication challenge, the phase profile was discretised with eight phase levels, as shown in Fig. 2c.
We choose amorphous silicon, which can be obtained using a standard nanofabrication method. As shown in Fig. 2d, amorphous silicon nanopillars with different orientation angles are arranged on a fused silica substrate to achieve the desired phase profile. To cover the phase shifts from 0 to 2π with high efficiency, the period and height of the nanopillars are chosen as 316 and 600 nm, respectively. A rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) method is used to optimise the 2D parameters of the nanopillars at an operating wavelength of 633 nm. The simulated results for the transmission coefficient of the polarisation conversion efficiency are shown in Fig. 2e (See the efficiency analysis in Supplementary Note 2). Then, the length and width are determined as 180 and 80 nm, respectively, to maintain a high transmission efficiency. By engineering planar nanostructures, the desired phase profile can be converted into a diverse orientation distribution. The fabricated metasurface is composed of 1578 × 1578 nanopillars using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching, and the corresponding scanning electron microscopy images with side and top views are shown in Fig. 2f.
To obtain the properties of the illumination pattern based on the metasurface, we use a conventional optical scheme to capture holographic images (see Methods section). The reconstructed image, shown in Fig. 2g, has a high degree of similarity with the design pattern, but also possesses some speckles. Speckles are primarily generated by fabrication errors and unavoidable coherent laser noise. Nevertheless, such speckles may offer additional information in the inner region of every spot; more details can be obtained in a favourable way. For the completeness of the proof, the zero-normalised sum of squared difference coefficient (ZNSSD)37 calculated by 300 different labels with their corresponding labels at three different depths are shown in Fig. 2h, demonstrating the similarity of speckle patterns at different depths. The definition of the ZNSSD is as follows:
where f(x, y) and g(x’, y’) are the grey level intensities at the coordinates (x, y) and (x’, y’ ), respectively, in the selecting label of two images in different observation planes. fm and gm are the mean grey-level intensities in the subset. M and N are the sizes of the subsets along the x and y directions, respectively. A few representative ZNSSD contour maps are shown in Fig. 2h, with more images and contour maps shown in Supplementary Note 5. Fig 2h illustrates that the ZNSSD values are all greater than 0.9 at different depths, so the similarity can be used to determine the corresponding pixels in the inner region of the spots.
The proposed matching algorithm consists of a feature-based initial matching algorithm and an area-based fine matching algorithm, leveraging the spatial uniqueness and speckle features of labels, respectively. This method combines both the robust and effective label matching of feature domain transformation, and dense pixel correspondences of geometrical area deformation, efficiently leading to accurate and dense matching results. The matching process can be modelled as the establishment of correspondence relations between the deformed image and the reference image with the constraint of surface continuity, which can be described mathematically as follows:
where ui*(x, y) is the optimal estimation of the correspondence functions for each local correspondence estimation ui(x, y) in subregion Ωi. n is the number of subregions, and f and g are the reference and deformed images, respectively. Fc is the constraint operator that guarantees the global continuity and compatibility of ui (x, y).
The operation of the initial match relies on the spatial uniqueness of labels validated by the Hamming distance, allowing transformation to the feature parameter space with handcrafted feature descriptors for label matching (the comprehensive theory, implementation, and demonstration of the initial matching algorithm are shown in Supplementary Note 6). Feature descriptors consist of simple vectors for the discriminative representation of each label. Formally, the initial match can be expressed as
where Ufd is the feature descriptor and C is the correspondence matrix. MCD is the match operator based on the cosine distance measurement applied to UD and UR, which are the label sets of the deformed image and the reference image, respectively, as shown in Fig. 3a. The cosine distance is widely used as a metric of vector similarity. Simultaneously, a set of spatial neighbour labels N = (U, Γ) is constructed as the designed constraint. Each label U is associated with the corresponding neighbour label Γ. N determines the process path of labels in UD based on geometrical cues that utilise the neighbour information of the processed labels. The labels are precisely matched to the corresponding labels of the reference images in an indirect manner by the initial matching algorithm.
Because the initial match result offers robust label correspondence, the coarse correspondence estimation can be obtained using the labels involved in the local area. Combined with the speckle features of the inner region of the labels, we address the fine match as an optimisation problem:
where p is the initial deformed parameter calculated by the initial match results C (see Supplementary Note 6). W (x, y; p) is the shape function relative to the reference image and describes the mathematical relationship between the spatial position of the deformed region and the reference region. Ωi* is the ith subarea, as shown in Fig. 3b. Equation (5) aims to find the shape function based on minimising the dissimilarity between the deformed and reference images after shape transformation in all adaptive subareas (the match accuracy with subarea size is discussed in Supplementary Note 7). In particular, the operation of the adaptive subarea is conducted by progressively selecting the local region Ωi based on the geometry transform with respect to p, discarding those outliers which have dissimilar geometry transformations. The match optimisation subsequently yields an elaborate match using the inverse-compositional Gauss–Newton (IC-GN) algorithm38 with the initial parameter p, which aims to minimise the dissimilarity by the iteration of the shape function increment ∆p in the local subset Ωi. Essentially, the initial deformed parameter p plays a significant role in constructing the constraint of spatial continuity, which is used to gradually achieve an appropriate subarea for a stable support domain and to constrain the solution space of the shape function. Finally, the IC-GN algorithm finds an appropriate correspondence solution to satisfy the constraints, achieving a pixel or sub-pixel match with the fine matching algorithm.
Multiresolution search strategy
A multi-resolution search strategy is proposed, as shown in Fig. 3c–d, to balance the matching accuracy and computational efficiency. Multiple images are captured along the z-direction at the same intervals, as shown in Fig. 3c, which can all be regarded as reference images. The multiresolution search method utilises the low-resolution images to obtain a coarse depth map, which can be used backwards to select the most suitable reference images; thus, high-resolution images can be used to calculate a more precise depth with the updated reference images. The operating principle of the multiresolution search method is described in a more condensed notation as follows:
where CR is the candidate reference image, I is the deformed image, FRec is the reconstruction operator, and Z is the depth after the reconstruction calculation. First, the deformed image is transformed into multiresolution images named I1, I2, and I3 by wavelet transform, which we call the pyramid strategy, as shown in Fig. 3d. The low-resolution image I1 is first used to calculate the coarse depth map Z1 by two fixed planes named CR1, which have a yellow border in Fig. 3c. Then, the two planes nearest to the coarse depth Z1 are chosen as new reference planes CR2, which have a purple border in Fig. 3c. The same operation is conducted for image I2. Finally, candidate planes move closest to the reference image of real depth, and the depth results with the original resolution image I3 are more precise because of the higher similarity with the reference image. Consequently, the pyramid sampling strategy can be used for coarse-fine search to improve the measurement accuracy and reduce the measurement uncertainty at the expense of speed. However, sacrifice is not severe because of the relatively low computational cost of low-resolution images (We also discuss the acceleration method in Supplementary Note 8).
To analyse the depth accuracy, a camera with a mounting angle of 30° relative to the baseline is used to capture the images of test objects at a distance of 300 mm from the metasurface. The resolution of the camera is 2448 × 2048 pixels, and the focal length of the imaging lens is 16 mm. Five groups of two different flat objects were captured with our proposed 3D imaging device, and the height differences between the two flat objects were used to achieve the evaluation, compared with the known thickness of 1.69, 2.00, 2.74, 3.69, and 4.00 mm.
The reconstruction point cloud images of five setups and error analysis are shown in Fig. 4, which are obtained with the proposed matching algorithm and multi-resolution search strategy (the comparison between the multi-resolution search strategy and fixed reference image is shown in Supplementary Note 8). The error data for five measurement groups are 0.19, 0.01, 0.2, 0.12, and 0.02 mm as shown in Fig. 4b. The maximum error is approximately 0.2 mm at a depth of 300 mm, indicating that the recovered height differences of the two objects are in good agreement with those of known experimental setups. The depth accuracy can be attributed to the spatial uniqueness of the illumination pattern, which combines the principle of triangulation and the proposed matching algorithm. These results quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of depth perception with our proposed method, which is very promising for applications in the 3D positioning and imaging of millimetre platforms. Meanwhile, data drift appears in the point cloud of the planes owing to unavoidable measurement errors, and the planeness is evaluated by the peak valley (PV) and root mean square (RMS) values of all recovered points, as shown in Fig. 4c–d. The maximum PV value was 0.24 mm, indicating that the error of individual measurement points caused by noise or boundary was less than 0.24 mm. The maximum RMS value was 4.4×10−4 mm, indicating a good performance resulting from the fine matching with the sub-pixel search method. Therefore, dense and accurate point cloud data can be obtained, demonstrating the potential for accurate and robust 3D information acquisition.
3D shape reconstruction for a variety of scenes
Easily deformable cardboard was used to validate the 3D imaging capability for continuous and low-texture surfaces. Three captured images are shown in Fig. 5b, and the deformation is excited with the loose end of the cardboard by a human hand, as shown in Fig. 5a. The side views (y-z plane) and reconstructed 3D shapes of the deformed cardboards at three different manual pressures are shown in Fig. 5c, d, respectively. These results verify that the proposed method enables the 3D reconstruction of object vibration and deformation. Meanwhile, the 3D reconstruction ability for low-texture objects renders the technique advantageous for active imaging techniques over passive imaging technique39, such as binocular stereo vision and depth from defocus. Note that our method can also work for measured scene with larger object size (Supplementary Note 10).
Furthermore, we demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve 3D reconstruction of a discontinuous object with variant reflectivity. We perform experimental verification by reconstructing gestures using metasurface projection. Owing to the different reflection characteristics between the human skin and background, the pattern image of the skin has some relatively rougher details, as shown in Fig. 6a. However, our algorithm implementation mostly depends on the spatial distribution feature, offering a feasible solution for the corresponding pattern search and 3D reconstruction. As expected, the depth map and 3D point cloud maps of the three gestures are recovered as shown in Fig. 6b, c, respectively, and the position, height, and orientation of the fingertips or hand are highly similar to the camera images in Fig. 6a. Eventually, both the point cloud maps of fingers (or hands) and the background are calculated successfully, indicating that our proposed 3D imaging method can achieve the reconstruction of real scenes with complex reflectivity distribution.
In addition, a discontinuous object may cause abrupt changes and large deformations of the projection pattern in camera images. Benefitting from the adaptive balance between geometry similarity and global constraint in our matching algorithm, the depth between the fingers or hands and the background was reconstructed successfully without depth fuzziness, showing the adaptability of 3D imaging for recovering discontinuous objects. Note that the results in Fig. 6 have a relatively low spatial resolution, which can be improved by increasing the number of point cloud projections.
Spatial resolution improvement in 3D imaging
Because the reconstructed result with the proposed method mainly depends on the spatial features, the density of the pattern has an important effect on the spatial resolution (see Supplementary Note 9). The fundamental limitation of dot density is the pixel number of the metasurface, which will increase with the booming development of fabrication techniques (see Supplementary Note 2). We then successfully demonstrated the spatial resolution improvement with the other two samples, Sample #1 and Sample #2 (see Supplementary Note 2), in which the metasurface size was 1 mm × 1 mm, and the number of bright projection dots was 6609 and 14768, respectively. The 3D reconstructed point cloud maps of the gestures are shown in Fig. 7. Both samples can achieve 3D reconstruction, but the partial point cloud map with Sample #2 has a more continuous transition than Sample #1, as shown in Fig. 7g, h, which is caused by the denser dots endowed with smaller subsets in the match algorithm. Then, the spatial resolution improvement of 3D results will be achieved with an increasing number of dots, indicating the superiority of our method in 3D imaging.
A single-shot 3D imaging technique based on a metasurface is proposed in this study, leveraging the flexible light-field control ability of the metasurface and computer vision algorithms. By virtue of the frequency domain coding of Fourier holography and phase engineering of a geometry metasurface, the uniqueness of the projection pattern is generated with a single metasurface. Based on the spatial distribution of the projection pattern and detailed information regarding speckles, initial and fine match algorithms are proposed for sophisticated point cloud calculations. Moreover, a multiresolution match strategy is proposed for the fast and optimal selection of reference images, which improves the 3D accuracy and reduces the measurement uncertainty. Eventually, the capability of 3D imaging is experimentally demonstrated by cardboard deformation and gesture acquisition, indicating that the proposed method can achieve the reconstruction of textureless areas and objects with a variety of reflectance values. The combination of nanophotonics and computer vision offers the potential of a compact device for commercialisation, which may inspire further developments in 3D imaging.
In the current implementation, we used a light source and a metasurface as the projection device for 3D imaging. By integrating the metasurface with various light sources, a compact metadevice for coding projection can be created by the combination of Huygens’ metasurface and a linearly polarised laser, or using a geometric metasurface with a nano laser of circular polarisation. In addition, the metasurface possesses extra degrees of freedom for manipulating wavefronts , and the number of dots increases with increasing multiplexing channels (see Supplementary Note 2). The polarization conversion efficiency of our metadevice can reach to 51% at the wavelength of 820 nm experimentally.
In summary, we propose and demonstrate the use of a judiciously designed metasurface as a structured lighting module to mitigate assembly difficulties and achieve a flexible design of FOV and dots density. A corresponding reconstruction strategy and an algorithm are proposed, which demonstrate superior flexibility, robustness, and versatility. This development is significant as the requirement for equipment miniaturisation is becoming increasingly prominent with the growing demand for 3D imaging technology in consumer electronics; the results of this study may accelerate the development of applications in various domains, including computer vision, personal authentication, light detection, and artificial intelligence.
Phase design of the metasurface
The design strategy for a random pattern involves the use a pseudo-random binary array to produce grid locations represented by spots so that the coded pattern within an arbitrary sub-window is unique. The pattern design includes two steps: pseudorandom sequence coding and matrix construction. The phase calculation is based on the modified GS iteration algorithm. For the reconstruction observation, we use the angular spectrum propagation method with zero padding for the calculation in the Fourier plane, and the image is located in the signal region. Then, the GS iteration is performed between the hologram and Fourier planes with the constraint of the amplitude while relaxing the phase restriction to ensure high-quality point cloud images.
Experimental setup for holographic reconstruction
A linear polariser and a quarter-wave plate are used together to guarantee the circular polarisation light to illuminate the metasurfaces. The fabricated metasurface samples are placed at the working distance of the objective lens (×40, NA = 0.6). A charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is placed at the back focal plane of a lens to capture the reconstructed holographic images in the k-space. Another pair of linear polariser and quarter-wave plate is used as the analyser to select the opposite-handedness circular polarisation light for holographic reconstruction. The experimental setup is illustrated in Supplementary Fig. S5.
Imaging experiment of hand gestures
We ensure that the informed consent of imaging experiments of hand gestures has been obtained from all the participants.
Further information on research design is available in the Nature Portfolio Reporting Summary linked to this article.
The Source data are available from the corresponding author upon request. All data needed to evaluate the conclusion are present in the manuscript and/or the Supplementary Information.
Codes used for this work are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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L.H. acknowledges the funding provided by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1401200), Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program (BJJWZYJH01201910007022), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U21A20140, No. 92050117) program, Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation of China (No.161009) and Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park (No. Z211100004821009). X.J. acknowledges the funding provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62105024) program and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M690389).
The authors declare the following competing interests. A patent has been filed on this technology/ Xiaoli Jing and Lingling Huang, Beijing Institute of Technology, 202210951440X (2022). There are no other competing interests.
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Jing, X., Zhao, R., Li, X. et al. Single-shot 3D imaging with point cloud projection based on metadevice. Nat Commun 13, 7842 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35483-z
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The quarterfinal round of the NJSIAA Group C ice hockey playoffs are set after four games across the state.
Governor Livingston 6, Paramus 0
Jackson Benward and Anthony Labisi scored two goals each as top-seeded Governor Livingston-New Providence rolled to a 6-0 win over No. 16 Paramus-Lyndhurst-Hackensack at Warinaco Park. Matthew Wallen and jordan Baun staked Livingston to a 2-0 first-period lead in the win.
Scott Capan was perfect, facing 19 shots to earn the shutout.
Matt Novotny stopped 37 shots in the Paramus goal.
Governor Livingston will host No. 8 Toms River East-Toms River South in a quarterfinal game on Monday.
Morris Knolls 5, Ocean Township 3
For our staff report on the game, CLICK HERE.
Brick Township 3, Robbinsville 1
Aiden Rozell and Thomas Johnson had a goal and two assists each as sixth-seeded Brick Township beat No. 11 Robbinsville-Allentown in a GRoup C first-round game at Howell Ice World.
Rozell scored in the second period to tie the game. Johnston added a third-period power play goal to take the lead. Jake Toye added insurance in the third.
JP Sterra opened the scoring with a first-period goal for Robbinsville.
Nominate your game changer now in one of 18 categories decided by fans.
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Kevin Toye stopped 25 of 26 shots to earn the win. Zander Wiley had 25 saves for Robbinsville.
Brick Township will meet No.3 Colonia for a road playoff game.
Pascack Valley 4, Manasquan 1
Seventh-seeded Pascack Valley-Pascack Hills advanced in a Group C playoff game with a 4-1 win over No. 10 Manasquan at Sport-O-Rama.
Pascack Valley will travel to No. 2 West Essex for a Monday quarterfinal.
West Essex 2, Lakeland 1
Luca Infusino’s second-period goal lifted second-seeded West Essex-Caldwell to a 2-1 win over No. 18 Lakeland. Connor Maniscalco opened the scoring in the first quarter to give Wessex the early lead.
Tristan Davison evened the score just over a minute later to put West Essex on upset alert. Infusino’s goal with 3:06 left in the second put that possibility to rest.
Evan Zieminski stopped 18 shots to earn the win. Nate Bailey ahd 24 saves for Lakeland.
Wessex will host No. 7 Pascack Valley in a quarterfinal game on Monday.
Previous first-round results:
Toms River East 3, Kinnelon 0
Verona 9, Howell 0
Colonia 12, Bernards 2
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Digital copy of 1. Notes of a meeting on 25 June 2008; and 2. Notes of meeting on 30 June 2008. [Some details redacted]. For Graham Power's Witness Statement to the Inquiry dated 23 February 2015, see ZC/D/AW4/B2/16/WS000536.
|Date||25 June 2008 - 30 June 2008|
|Scope and Content||1. Lists A-G [Attorney General William Bailhache], JHE [John Henry Edmonds], Chief Officer of Police Graham Power, and Assistant Home Affairs Minister Andrew Lewis as present. Notes that the meeting was called by the Attorney General in the light of media releases regarding a particular case involving former houseparents of a Family Group Home, and unveiled criticism of the conduct of the lawyers providing advice. Includes a record of comments made in the meeting, including reference to discussion about: media policy, allegations against the Attorney General, the role of Home Affairs in police media strategy, David Warcup, status of Lenny Harper, role of Scarlet Maguire, case of Alan and Jane Maguire and future arrests. Includes reference to ST [Simon Thomas]. 2. Lists A-G [Attorney General William Bailhache], JHE [John Henry Edmonds], Steve [Stephen] Baker, and Simon Thomas as present. Discusses the chain of command, charging decisions and advice, legal advice, [Jane and Alan] Maguire, documents to be viewed prior to a charging decision, media policies, [States of Jersey] Police, Jonathan Bertram, Clara Hammond [possibly Clara Hamon], [Claude James] Donnelly, and [Michael Aubin].|
Edmonds, John Henry
MacRae, Robert, Advocate
Home Office Large Major Enquiries System
Law Officers' Department
National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
States of Jersey Police
|Keywords||abuse | Attorneys General | allegations | Children | child abuse | conduct | Correspondence | corroboration | E-mail | evidence | investigations | IJCI | juries | lawyers | Media | ministers | physical abuse | policies | Police | retirements | witnesses|
|Places||Northumbria, United Kingdom|
|Dimensions||1 pdf file|
|Level of description||File|
|Access restrictions||PDF file - please click on the link to download|
ZC/D/AW4 Independent Jersey Care Inquiry - Phase 2. Evidence relating to policing, investigations of abuse, and decisions on prosecution. Contains evidence from States of Jersey Police, the Honorary Police, politicians, civil servants, and the Law Officers’ Department. Includes Witness Statements given to the Inquiry and the States of Jersey Police, and supporting evidence in the form of Witness Documents.
ZC/D/AW4/A Phase 2 - Witness Documents. Evidence relating to policing, investigations of abuse, and decisions on prosecution. Contains evidence from States of Jersey Police, the Honorary Police, politicians, civil servants, and the Law Officers’ Department.
ZC/D/AW4/A5 Witness Documents - Witnesses Giving Evidence in Public. Supporting evidence relating to the experiences of those involved in policing, investigations of abuse, and decisions on prosecution designated as Witnesses Giving Evidence in Public as part of Phase 2.


I didn’t double check the numbers so have no idea how accurate this is, but I got it in an email today:
A vehicle at 15 mpg and 12,000 miles per year uses 800 gallons a year of gasoline.
A vehicle at 25 mpg and 12,000 miles per year uses 480 gallons a year.
So, the average clunker transaction will reduce US gasoline consumption by 320
gallons per year.
They claim 700,000 vehicles – so that’s 224 million gallons / year.
That equates to a bit over 5 million barrels of oil.
5 million barrels of oil is about ¼ of one day’s US consumption.
And, 5 million barrels of oil costs about $ 375 million dollars at $75/bbl.
So, we all contributed to spending $3 billion to save $ 375 million.
How good a deal was that ???


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Fairfield County Confirms First COVID-19 Case< < Back to
LANCASTER, Ohio – Fairfield County reported its first positive case of the Coronavirus Tuesday.
According to a news release from the Fairfield County Health Department (FDH), the person is being isolated. The release goes on to include, “FDH is working to identify close contacts of this resident and will contact anyone who would require testing or monitoring for symptoms of COVID-19.”
FDH, Fairfield Medical Center, and community partners are monitoring the situation and working closely with the Ohio Department of Health to prepare for and respond to this situation.
The news release indicates that FDH will provide “appropriate information to the public as it becomes available.”
The Ohio Department of Health confirmed 442 cases of COVID-19 on Monday, March 24 at 2 p.m.
The DOH makes the following recommendations to protect yourself from illness:
- Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds; dry hands with a clean towel or air dry hands.
- Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap and water are unavailable.
- Cover your mouth with a tissue or sleeve when sneezing or coughing. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
- Stay home when you are sick.
- Avoid contact with people who are sick.
Ohio’s coronavirus call center is open to answer questions from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily. The hotline number is 1-833-4-ASK-ODH or 1-833-427-5634. More information is available at coronavirus.ohio.gov.

domain: medical


We are proud to announce that three posters submitted by children at First Realty managed properties have been selected as national winners in the 2013 NAHMA Drug-Free Kid Calendar Contest!
From press release: “The National Affordable Housing Management Association (NAHMA) recently judged its 27th annual “AHMA Drug-Free Kid” poster art and calendar contest. Almost 5,000 children, elderly/disabled and special needs residents of NAHMA-member affordable housing communities nationwide participated in the contest. In addition to the drug-free message, this year’s contest had a new sub-theme that reinforces a message about the importance of family and friends: We are One Family: “Friends Make the World a Nicer Place.””
National winners whose artwork will appear in the 2014 calendar receive scholarships of $1,000 from the Foundation.
This year, of the ten posters selected from the First Realty participating properties, six were chosen by the New England Affordable Housing Management Association (NEAHMA) as regional contest winners, which were then entered in the nation competition.
Congratulations to all of the participants, all of the winners, and everyone who works so hard to make this competition possible.
For more information:


Thursday, September 4, 2008
The Cleveland Cultural Gardens
Stretching from I-90, which runs by the shore of Lake Erie, to the University Circle area, are the Cleveland Cultural Gardens. It is a collection of gardens with statuary, decorative ironwork, and fountains, serving as a living monument representing the diversity of the varying ethnic groups of the Greater Cleveland area. It is an approximately 50 acres section of the much larger 254-acre Rockefeller Park that was created in 1896 on land donated to the city by industrialist John D. Rockefeller. It follows the paths of both East and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevards.
The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History provides some background:
The CLEVELAND CULTURAL GARDEN FEDERATION oversees the Cultural Gardens, landscaped gardens with statuary honoring various ethnic groups in Cleveland situated along East Blvd. and Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd.
The CCGF was founded in 1925 as the Civic Progress League by Leo Weidenthal, who, during the dedication of the Shakespeare Garden in Rockefeller Park in 1916, felt that similar sites should be prepared for each of the city's nationality communities. In 1926 the organization became the Cultural Garden League, and a Hebrew garden was established. On 9 May 1927 the city set aside areas of Rockefeller Park for future gardens. The Italian, German, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Ukrainian gardens were established in 1930; the Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Yugoslav gardens in 1934; and the American, Rusin, Irish, Greek, and Syrian gardens in 1938. Romanian, Estonian, Afro-American, Chinese, Finnish, and Indian gardens have since been created. Planning and fundraising for each garden was undertaken within the various ethnic communities, while the Cleveland Cultural Garden Fed. (the name adopted in 1952) oversaw overall planning and coordinated various joint programs, including the 2nd UNESCO Conference (1949) and the annual One World Day (begun in 1945). During the 1960s and 1970s, many gardens suffered vandalism and statuary was removed for safekeeping. In 1985-86 a major restructuring of the area was undertaken and plans discussed for rehabilitating the gardens by the federation, including 40 members from the affiliated nationalities.
The gardens had faced some periods of neglect, theft of some of the greenery, and vandalism of some of the stone and metal works. Frankly, the last time I drove through the area (only a few months ago) I found myself somewhat saddened to see no one walking though the park. While it doesn’t look neglected, it is clear that the city has not capitalized as much as it should on what can be a stunning green space. It certainly makes for a nice drive through, but is not welcoming to just stopping your car to admire the area. Parking is impossible along MLK Blvd., so if you plan to visit, you may have to park at the Rockefeller Park Greenhouse at the north end of the park and walk, or, in other locations in the neighborhood on East Blvd. near Sam Miller Park. There may be other parking locations that are available of which I am not aware.
The park really is one of the gems of the city, one that may need a little clean and polish to get is back to its original, intended state, and to make it more welcoming to Greater Cleveland residents and visitors to the city.
Admission to the Gardens is free, as well as to the Rockefeller Greenhouse.
A new web site for the Cleveland Cultural Gardens can be found at this link. And, if you’d like to sneak a peak before going there, a very nice collection of photographs can be found here.
An interesting web site covering the state and the preservation of the Gardens can be found at the Cultural Landscape Foundation, here.
There are also many photos of the early days of the Gardens which can be found at the Cleveland Press Memory Project, here.
Check out my blog home page for the latest Cleveland information,here.


By SHARON K. GILBERT
October 25, 2007
WHAT does it mean to be ‘horrified’? Origins of the word are rooted in Old English, French, and Latin — particuarly, horrere, a Latin verb that means ‘to shudder or bristle with fear’ — and can even mean ‘hairy’ (which may explain those Japanese horror films). Certainly, fear makes our hair stand on end (on our arms at least — a phenomenon called ‘gooseflesh’ or ‘goosebumps’). Hearts beat more quickly; breathing rates increase, and we – the benumbed and pitiable theater-goers – stare at the film screen, ignoring all physiological signals warning us to leave. Why are we addicted to fear?
The human appetite for gore and blood is as old as mankind. Beginning with Cain and Abel, the first murderer and his victim, blood stains our history. Man is not born in innocence — we are born in sin, and we soon develop a massive need for violence. In service to their fallen angel ‘gods’, pre-flood mankind offered up their women and their lives as sacrifices. Post-flood society soon fell back into old patterns — offering children to Molech (passing them through the fire) and engaging in blood and sex rituals meant to gain power or appease angry deities (the fallen angels of old).
In modern times, such rituals take place in dark places — some hidden fro prying eyes within deep caverns or mystic hallways — others outfitted with rows of comfy chairs with drink holders. That’s right. Bloodletting and ritualistic sacrifice on theater screens may well satisfy a hungry ‘god’ just as much. Let me tell you why.
Mind-control experts have long known that fear-based trauma in the human psyche acts to break down our wills. Voyeuristic participation in the on-screen murder, torture, dismemberment, etc. of an innocent snaps barriers and sets up thresholds. Think back to ‘horror’ films of the 1960s. Hitchcock’s ‘Psycho’ had very little blood, but it chilled moviegoers’ spines and made millions of women switch from showers to baths. Today’s thrillers (such as ‘Saw’ and ‘Wolf Creek’) no longer suggest evil — they are evil, and they seem to take pride in showing it. Twisted villains engage in sexual, sado-masochism that would have forced the closure of a 1960s theater, but instead propels today’s films to the top of the boxoffice list.
Music and ambient sounds — some barely perceptible — combine with visual clues to heighten our sensitivities while lulling our left-brain (reasoning) to sleep. The end result is a kind of hypnotic state, which accepts instruction with very little objection. On screen, we see a crazed killer dismembering a living female — within our minds, an unnoticed message whispers ‘she likes it — isn’t this fun?’. Teens identify with killers more than victims — seeing themselves as empowered. Devils dance upon our corpus callosums, delighting in our mental bloodletting and virtual sacrifices. Violence begets more violence, and this week’s torture film soon seems tame to our seared brains — higher doses of fear and empowerment come only from increased pain (now perceived as pleasure).
We need a sequel.
And Satan laughs.
Don’t get me wrong — I am a fan of old horror films, so I can speak from experience. My writing reflects this to a certain extent, although my style is more gothic than gore. However, today’s instant torture classics, such as Silent Hill and The Hills Have Eyes, repulse me. Yes, I’ve watched all or parts of each — it’s part of that ‘peering into darkness’ call to arms that underwrites my life — but I can’t watch for long. There is no morality to these films — no object lesson — no Light conquering Darkness moment. There is — instead — only darkness. Terrifying, gut-wrenching darkness.
Do you know what films your child watches? Do you care? Do you know the content of these films? If you love your children, you’ll make it a point to know.


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A House On The Bayou (2021) Movie Download, Blumhouse Productions Premieres the Official Trailer for its 2021 Horror movie download.
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While the chances of you becoming the victim of a crime during your time at Syracuse are low, it is still important to know what steps you can take to keep yourself and your belongings safe. We have teamed up…
Campus Conversations, Online Form Offer Opportunity for Input on University Environment
Syracuse University students, faculty and staff are encouraged to review the recently released report of findings from last semester’s campuswide Climate Assessment Survey and offer reactions and feedback through one of several upcoming Campus Conversations sessions or an online form.
This input will help the Climate Assessment Planning Committee (CAPC) prepare its recommendations of actions that can be taken to foster a more inclusive learning, living and working environment at the University.
The first Campus Conversation is Wednesday, Nov. 16, at noon in Room 304ABC in the Schine Student Center. Other sessions are scheduled for Tuesday, Dec. 13, at 4 p.m.; Thursday, Jan. 19, at noon; and Wednesday, Feb. 1, at 6 p.m., all in the same location.
Prior to attending a Campus Conversation, members of the University community are invited to read the survey executive summary and/or the full survey report, both of which are available at MySlice.syr.edu.
Project consultant Susan Rankin of Rankin & Associates and SU Senior Vice President and Dean of Student Affairs Rebecca Reed Kantrowitz (CAPC co-chair) conducted two campus presentations on Oct. 27 on the survey findings and next steps. Their PowerPoint presentation, as well as detailed information on the project, can be found at survey.syr.edu.
Also available at survey.syr.edu is a simple online feedback form that offers another means to contribute feedback in addition to the Campus Conversations.
The CAPC will present its final recommendations in March 2017.
The SU Climate Assessment Survey was conducted Feb. 9-March 28. Nearly 6,000 students, faculty and staff completed the survey, which consisted of 118 items (29 qualitative and 89 quantitative) focused on the experiences and perceptions of various campus constituent groups related to sexual harassment and sexual violence, race, gender identity and gender expression, sexual orientation, disability services, the academic environment for students, the workplace environment for faculty and staff, and other topics.
The idea for conducting a climate survey originated with the Chancellor’s Workgroup on Sexual Violence Prevention, Education and Advocacy, as one of the 24 recommendations in the workgroup’s final report.

domain: sociology


Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has instructed Defense Minister Stepan Poltorak to accelerate talks on the procurement of a new batch of Javelin anti-tank missile systems from the United States.
"Our capabilities of countering the enemy will increase significantly after [Ukraine's] Armed Forces receive Bayraktar drones," Poroshenko said on March 20 during a working tour of Khmelnytsky region, where he attended a test flight of Turkish UAVs, according to the presidential press service. "They say the delivery of U.S. Stinger systems to Afghanistan once became a turning point in the Soviet Union's reckless campaign in that country. I believe that the Turkish military drones, American Javelin systems, other equipment supplied by our partners, as well as locally manufactured military equipment will significantly increase the costs of the Kremlin's explicit aggression against Ukraine."
The president praised successful tests of a Bayraktar drone, which hit the target with less than a one-meter error.
"I am instructing the Chief of General Staff, the Minister of Defense to take all the necessary measures to speed up the training of Ukrainian soldiers [to fly Bayraktar UAVs], including in Turkey. The whole cycle of putting [the drones] into service [at the army] should be completed as soon as possible and I should be informed when the strike drones reach the front line [in Donbas]," he said. "The same will have to be done with the Javelin anti-tank complexes. I am instructing you, Mr. Minister [Stepan Poltorak], to speed up negotiations on new purchases from our American partners."
The president assured that the work to put into operation new armaments, including missiles, would continue.
As UNIAN reported, late in 2017, the U.S. Donald Trump Administration decided to sell lethal weapons, including Javelin systems, to Ukraine. On March 2, 2018, the U.S. Department of State approved the sale of 210 Javelin missiles and 37 launchers to the tune of about US$47 million.
On April 30, 2018, Poroshenko announced that the Javelins had arrived in Ukraine. On May 22, 2018, Ukraine tested the systems.