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By: Claudio DeMarchi
“Here comes our Traveling Golfer…” I hear as I approached a group of my tennis buddies after my latest trip to a part of Florida that I had never been to! The Florida Panhandle that stretches from Panama City to Pensacola also known as the Emerald Coast. It doesn’t take long to figure out the tag Emerald Coast as whenever you see water you can’t help but notice its emerald color as it contrasts with the white sand beaches that stretch for miles and miles.
“So where were you playing, this time?” asked Big Tony. Tony is a bit of a golfer himself that likes to get away to play during the winter. “The Florida Panhandle” I replied, “we stayed at my buddy Phil’s winter home in Panama City Beach. We played from there to Pensacola… in between meetings of course!” I have to keep reminding these guys that this is still work!
“I am going to have to keep that in mind for next time” replied Tony, adding “I never think of going there, I keep going back to the same old places.” Tony is not the only one; it might just be Florida’s best kept golf secret!
Phil picked me up at the Panama City Beach Airport and in about 15 minutes or less we were sipping margaritas seaside at a trendy area of Panama City Beach known as Pier Park…and what better place to start off at than Jimmy Buffet’s Margaritaville. A dozen oysters and a couple of margaritas!
After a good night sleep, waking up to the sounds of waves lapping up against the shoreline, we were off to The Nicklaus Course at Bay Point Golf Resort & Spa. This course is a Nicklaus classic design, (the only Nicklaus design in Northwest Florida) featuring many doglegs and strategically placed hazards. It was a beautiful day, mid 70’s and sunshine. Can’t beat that for mid December!
The course measures just over 7,000 yards but its muscular slope rating of 143 and course rating of 75.3 tells you that there is no let up on the course. The par 3, 2nd hole gives you your first test firing – a 190 yard all carry shot to a long narrow green flanked seemingly by water on three sides. The 5th hole is the signature hole offering spectacular panoramic views of St. Andrews Bay. The hole is 370 yards from the tees we played, but this day it was into the wind. A driver was required to carry the Grand Lagoon to a rather smallish landing area, leaving me about 160 yards over the lagoon again to the green. Count your blessings when getting away from this hole with a par! A few other favorite holes included 14, 15, the 17th with its fishbowl green and 18 is an exceptional closing par 5.
Bay Point Resort is one of the most popular resorts in the Panama City Beach area, located minutes from the white sand beaches and nestled on a 1,100 acre wildlife sanctuary. Bay Point is home to a 2nd course, The Meadows, a traditional Florida resort course stretching back to 6,900 yards with a number of tight fairways, numerous bunkers and water hazards.
Holiday Golf Club was our 2nd stop. Here is a great test of golf and a practice facility second to none in the area. Can’t get enough golf in the daylight? No worries here as the 9 hole par 3 course is fully illuminated!
The Holiday Golf Club is just under 6,500 yards from the tips and with a slope rating of 128 and course rating of 71.1 it is perfect for any level of golfer or for the low handicapper to work off some of the winter rust. The fairways are generous narrowing as you approach the greens that are smooth and fast. There are a number of holes where water comes into play so be aware!
2012 must have been my year with “Clint!” After having the honor of meeting the man himself in the spring I closed out my season visiting the Hombre Golf Club, a 27-hole owner designed complex is appropriately named “The Good, The Bad and The Ugly!”
There is water on 21 of the 27 meticulously manicured fairways – The Bad and The Ugly play host to the PGA Tour Qualifying School.
All three 9 are a good test of golf but with the Bad and Ugly playing to a par of 74 at only 6,700 yards but still holding ratings of 74.4 and 144 you know that you are in for something a little different.
We may have just come across the most interesting collection of par 3’s in Florida! They are certainly not long but 3 of 4 have intimidation all around them. Bottom line, you need to have your “A” game to play Hombre. There are not too many places where you can play for a good miss. The fairways for the most part are tight and there are a number of forced carries to tight landing areas. So bottom line if you play the right tee’s it is not that long a course. You could score. Play smart, pick the right club and just hit it!
When you are done with the golf and once you have made the decision to pull yourself away from the sugary white sand beaches and emerald green waters you have nothing but choices, choices, choices!
I don’t just like margaritas and oysters to start off a vacation they are awesome after golf too! Mikes is a great place to check out with many oyster presentations to temp your pallet. Of course eating is a favorite pastime and seafood of any kind always works for me so you can tell that I am in heaven here as Panama City Beach is known as the “Seafood Capital of the World.”
Of course you can always go on out and catch your own. Within minutes you can be in the remarkably deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico fishing for a wide array of fish or if you prefer tackle the spring-fed creeks or bay flats. Either way you will not be disappointed, there are many guides and charters to help you out.
So much to do and as always so little time! You will want to make sure that you leave time for some shopping and an eco-tour or two and you will not believe the Ripley’s Believe It or NOT!
Check it out for yourself at www.visitpanamacitybeach.com


When Should You Change Your Forklift Solid Tires?
The importance of proper use and maintenance
A damaged forklift can generate very high costs, so we should carry out the maintenance of our machinery, starting with the condition of our solid industrial tires. However, it is not easy to determine the wear time, since various factors that weaken the tire come together, such as the use that is given to it, the ambient temperature, the surface conditions or good behavior when driving the forklift.
But if there is one factor that really affects tire wear and safety, it is the quality of the tire. In addition, the type of tire chosen will be decisive when it comes to extending its usefulness. After all, a pneumatic tire (suitable for high speeds but easy to puncture) is not the same as a solid tire (for smooth surfaces that require maximum stability) or an elastic tire (something like a hybrid between the first two).
The greatest benefit of properly maintaining our solid industrial tires is increased productivity, since high-quality tires, in optimal conditions, are capable of moving up to 14% more pallets in a single day. But not only that: you avoid sick leave due to the vibration of the forklift.
So when should I change my solid tires?
As we have anticipated, the depth of the profile is not a good indicator of the life that the tire has left.
So how do I know when my tires need to be replaced? Well, solid industrial rims indicate the wear surface on the sidewall of the tire. This is the line 60J, also known as the security line. Once reached, it must be replaced.
However, it is recommended that the change is evaluated and carried out by specialized personnel, both due to its technical difficulty and the need to use specialized machinery when carrying out the replacement.
At APEXWAY we are at your disposal to answer all your questions regarding the change of solid industrial wheels. Don’t hesitate to contact us.
Learn more about Forklifts and solid tires here:


HAK concerns about prisoners who yet to be tried Radio Televisaun Timor Leste 24 June 2009 - Spokesperson for HAK [the Timorese Human Rights Association] Edio Saldanha Borges said HAK was concerned about 97 detainees who were in detention because they had not been taken to trial yet.
Human rights violations are continuing in Timor-Leste: HAK Radio Televisaun Timor Leste 24 June 2009 - Spokesperson for HAK [the Timorese Human Rights Association] Edio Saldanha Borges said human rights violations in Timor-Leste were continuing after the country reached its independence.
Marine police arrest foreign national Radio Televisaun Timor Leste 24 June 2009 - The Timorese Marine Police have arrested a New Zealander named Michael on Monday (22/6) as he was illegally taking a fisherman's boat to be used for traveling to Asutralia.
Fretilin urges investigation into Ministry of Finance Timor Post 24 June 2009 - Fretilin MPs have urged Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao to take a necessary action by holding an investigation into the Ministry of Planning and Finance regarding the recruitment of international advisors.
Anti-corruption will function like police Timor Post 24 June 200 - President of the Parliamentary Committee A and C for Anti-Corruption Maneul Tilman said the country's proposed anti-corruption commission would be functioning like police doing investigations, seizing evidence and arresting anyone who engaged in corruption.
Politics hamper police commander's order Timor Post 24 June 2009 - Deputy Police Commander Afonso de Jesus said he was ordered by his top commander to seize attributes belonging to Fretilin such as the flag from the CPD-RDTL [the Timorese Resistance Organization] during the recent peace rally yet the CPD-RDTL declared that they were also Fretilin.
Illeagl fishing impossible to monitor as PNTL has no ship Timor Post 24 June 2009 - Timorese Deputy Police Commander Sub Commissary Afonso de Jesus said it was impossible for the Timorese police to control and identify illegal fishing in the Timor Sea because they did not have a ship to do so.
The Council of Ministers discusses law on domestic violence Suara Timor Lorosae 24 June 2009 - State Secretary for the Council of Ministers Hermenegildo Perreira said the discussion of the domestic violence law was important to prevent and investigate cases based on the penal code that had been approved.
Artwork by Arte Moris artist.


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Donetsk, Jul 20 — DAN. The Russia-led coalition has liberated the township of Berestovoye outside Soledar, the DPR Territorial Defense HQ said.
“As of July 20, the group of DPR and LPR forces with the fire support of the Russian army has liberated and established full control of 255 localities, including Berestovoye,” the report reads.
The operation to denazify and demilitarize Ukraine began on February 24. *ot

domain: news


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The pathbreaking essays in this collection explore the history of consumption by synthesizing discrete historical literatures on consumer culture, gender, and the history of technology. Luxury hotels and the chocolate industry are among the diverse array of topics these authors use to demonstrate that consumption is both a material and a cultural process. Production and consumption become equally inextricable under close analysis. Tools from both the history of technology and gender studies illuminate how these categories intersect. Although broad social and technological trends influence the outcome of these stories, the authors emphasize the agaency of particular groups, including consumers, workers, manufacturers, and the "mediators" who communicate between producers and consumers. This volume will be of interest to historians in a wide range of fields.
Les informations fournies dans la section « Synopsis » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.
Roger Horowitz is Associate Director of the Center for the History of Business, Technology, and Society at the Hagley Museum and Library in Wilmington, Delaware. He is the author of "Negro and White, Unite and Fight!" A Social History of Industrial Unionism in Meatpacking, 1930-1990. Arwen Mohun is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Delaware and the author of the forthcoming Close to Home: Gender and Technology in the British and American Steam Laundry Industries, 1880-1940.Review :
His and Hers builds a foundation for the synthesis of two of the most exciting fields in scholarship today: cultural studies and the history of technology. Hayden White first helped open up the domain of cultural studies in history by arguing that ideas and images not only reflect culture, they serve to construct it. This book takes that idea a step further, systematically showing how culture gets inscribed into artifacts and how human intermediation and negotiation construct the meanings of objects and culture.(Robert L. Frost, University of Michigan)
Les informations fournies dans la section « A propos du livre » peuvent faire référence à une autre édition de ce titre.
Description du livre University of Virginia Press, 1998. État : Good. Former Library book. Shows some signs of wear, and may have some markings on the inside. N° de réf. du libraire GRP61138048
Description du livre État : Good. Book Condition: Good. N° de réf. du libraire 97808139180374.0

domain: literature


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Dating textchat ca American sex chat lines uk
Senior Meetup connects seniors who are looking to socialize with other seniors with similar interests and who live in the same neighborhood or city.Senior art classes are also offered to home bound seniors at their place of residence.As a member you will be kept up to date about the latest local single men and women and people who viewed your profile page. You and our other members will be able to talk within a second of typing or speaking your message.They offer a number of services, including personal ads, photo gallery, hot or not, blogs, and locality search.The site is free to join, but full use of their features is subject to recurring charges.We also support international languages and Emoji, so feel free to use the numbers for messages in English, French, Russian, German, Chinese etc.
Mobile dating offers the ability to find and meet local singles by using the GPS tool.The user friendly, touchscreen feature of the Breezie tablet is appealing to older adults who may have limited manual dexterity and other limitations.Watch Video Elderly become foster parents to senior pets with the option to adopt afterward.Senior art workshops providing the full experience of visiting museums, discussing artwork, and creating their own artistic forms of expression.
Simi Valley is said to have gotten its name from the Chumash work “Shimiyi,” which refers to stringy, thread like clouds that can often be seen in the region.
Watch Video A senior art appreciation program for older adults sponsored by the Museum of Photographic Arts to generate art dialogue and artistic activities among older adults and to teach art appreciation.

domain: artistic


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Greetings fellow farmers & artisans
I'm delighted to report that the production chains for strawberries & sugar beets have been completed and the garden patches are now available for sale in the QH Market.
Use strawberries to make strawberry jam, pie, and tarts.
Use sugar beets to make sugar. The resulting sugar loaf can be used "as is" or processed in the Mill to get a bowl of sugar which is coordinated with the jug of cream and brand-new tea pot.
Hot tea can be made on the stove. Tea shrubs and an Herb Dryer (turn fresh tea leaves into dried tea leaves) are on the "to do" list.
See the Recipes document for more information including Recipes, Combinations & Harvesters.
Proprietress of Tatiana's Tea Room ~ Owner of the Provence Coeur Estate ~ Webmistress of this site

domain: food


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The wooden statue of Saint-Jacques in the church of the same name in Chatellerault is one of the most beautiful images on this Catholic pilgrimage route. It is relatively modern, made in the 17th century, and bears witness to this pilgrim route’s popularity at the height of the reformation. While Christian Europe was in theological and ecclesiastical conflict, pilgrims carried on walking down this Catholic pilgrim route, the Via Turonensis, heading for Compostela.
It has been my view, and it remains my view, that there are only Catholic pilgrims on the roads to Santiago de Compostela. From time to time, on the well-populated Compostela pilgrim forums, I have put forward the view that ‘pilgrimage’ is a term with a specific meaning: it is walking (or cycling or travelling on horseback) with a particular devotion as the focus of the journey, and the hope of a certain grace to be obtained from God at the end of it.
The pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela is not a journey undertaken for touristic motives, nor a journey pursued for sporting prowess. The biggest forum for Compostela pilgrims is http://www.caminodesantiago.me which is a ‘pilgrim forum’ subtly run as part of the commercial interests of the site’s owner. Pilgrimage is always a money-spinner! I have now been excluded from that site – mainly for consistently advocating a Catholic view of pilgrimage since 2008; a view which I have since been told is too ‘controversial’ to air on a ‘pilgrim’ forum… That’s fine by me, so I’ll put my cards on the table now and cease trying to be diplomatic and accommodating. There is pilgrimage and there is tourism. There pilgrimage and there is having a nice long walk. There is pilgrimage and there is racing by bicycle across Europe for fun with a popular destination in mind. Pilgrimage is a particular way of doing a journey: it revolves around prayer and devotion; it has a focus other than on myself; it has a God-centred intention and is not a branch of the leisure industry. Pilgrimage, if it is to retain any meaning at all, must be recovered before it becomes meaningless and the activity simply seen as a fun journey along a route where you meet like-minded people who are travelling similarly aimlessly.
The devil is watching and waiting for all pilgrims on the road, ready to distract them from listening to God on the journey, and he does not need to try very hard. Large numbers of pilgrims – as many as a couple of thousand every day arriving in Compostela in this Holy Year – have very little knowledge of the Catholic pilgrimage tradition in which they become aimless participants. Often, if the subject of the church arises in conversation on the road, many pilgrims will shrug and say, “I don’t believe in organised religion.” Never let that go unchallenged! What dim and stubborn ignorance is this? Who provided the infrastructure for the pilgrim routes, if not ‘organised religion’!
I met a German cyclist two days ago in the pilgrim accommodation in Chateau Renault. I had taken three days to reach there from Chartres but he had left Chartres that same morning.
“Did you go to the cathedral?” I asked.
“No, there was not time. I arrived late last night and was on the road again early today. I must get to Santiago for my flight home in two weeks.”
As he hurried around in the pilgrim hostel on early on Sunday morning, I said “Good morning! Happy feast!”
He looked bewildered, so I explained: “Today is the Feast of Saint James! Saint-Jacques! Santiago de Compostela! It is the 25th of July, in the Holy Year when the feast falls on a Sunday.”
“Oh, that’s nice,” my German ‘pilgrim’ friend said, before packing the last of his lightweight cycling gear into the small pannier bags and speeding off down the main road to Tours. This is the sporting ‘pilgrim’.
The day before that, I met two Australians who had set out from Chartres that morning, having taken the train from Paris to begin riding the pilgrim route through France.
“Did you see the cathedral?” I asked. No, they had ‘not had time’ to visit the cathedral, and they asked whether it was a ‘good’ cathedral. These are the tourist ‘pilgrims’, who have not got time to see anything as they quickly ride their bicycles from A to B, with no regard for A and only seeing B as the place to get the flight home again.
Pilgrimage is not doing a journey along an ancient pilgrim route. Pilgrimage is the activity of being on pilgrimage. In this Holy Year when the feast of St James falls on a Sunday, thousands of ‘pilgrims’ are on the road to Santiago de Compostela. How many of them know anything about St James or have any sense of religious pilgrimage would be interesting to know.

domain: travel


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A heart breaking
A heart breaking isn't always as loud as a bomb exploding
Sometimes it can b as quiet as a feather falling &
The most painful thing is, no one really hears it
More Broken Heart SMS
Nobody in the world can have a crystal clear heart...!!
Bcoz everyone's heart has some scratches scribbled by
Their dear ones...
The most terrible poverty is loneliness
and the feeling of being unloved.
There r few things dat must be don
B4 one says Goodbye
One's Eyes must
4get another's face
One's Ears must
4get another's voice
One's Mind must
4get another's name.
One's Heart must
4get that he/she had loved
That person more than
His/her own life


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The day after Christmas Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT or D-VT) tweeted what was likely the most economically illiterate tweet of the presidential campaign. In it, Sanders wondered at the idea that some folks were paying 6, 8 or even 10% on their student loan debt but those same people could refinance their homes at 3%. The presidential candidate was astounded.
You have families out there paying 6, 8, 10 percent on student debt but you can refinance your homes at 3 percent. What sense is that?
— Bernie Sanders (@SenSanders) December 26, 2015
Which astounded more economically astute Twitter users who were quick to mock the man who wants to lead the world’s largest economic engine.
@SenSanders if you fail to pay off your mortgage the bank gets your property,a student loan?the gov gets nothing.
— antonnewcombe (@antonnewcombe) December 26, 2015
— Bill Sanderson (@BanCollectivism) December 26, 2015
— Matthew (@Matthops82) December 26, 2015
— Ben Smith™ (@bmcsmith92) December 26, 2015
— High Altitudes (@highaltitudes) December 26, 2015
How can Sanders not understand how this economic reality could take shape? Is he really so foolish as to not understand how debt and collateral work?
I don’t think he is. I think messages like this are simply how liberals operate today. They know they cannot win on the strength of their arguments, so they ply low-information voters with as much illogical palaver as they can in the hopes that it wins them a few extra votes. Sadly, it usually works.
Sanders is no fool. He purposely misleads in his efforts to win more power, control and money for his precious god of government. All of those who “feel the Bern” are simply lemmings being led of a cliff of fiscal insolvency… and they’re dragging the rest of us with them.
The views expressed in this opinion article are solely those of their author and are not necessarily either shared or endorsed by EagleRising.com

domain: sociology


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Hoopfest unveils 2019 game ball, poster
SPOKANE, Wash. — The 2019 Hoopfest game ball and poster have been revealed!
The Pacific Northwest-themed ball was made through a collobration with Nike. The ball features the vibrant colors of the sky and the mountains contrast against the dark silhouette of the evergreen trees.
The limited edition ball will be available for purchase at the Hoopfest Store during tournament weekend.
The poster celebrates 30 years of the tournament and features two basketball greats: Courtney Vandersloot and John Stockton. Both athletes are legedenary Zags and two staples in the Spokane community.
Hoopfest, the largest three-on-three basketball tournament in the world, will take over downtown Spokane on June 29 and 30.
For more information about Hoopfest and to register your team, click here.
Catch up on the day’s news and look ahead to tomorrow by signing up for the Daily Local email newsletter from KXLY4. Headlines, events, and staff picks every weeknight at 8 p.m. Sign up HERE to get your news on the D.L.
COPYRIGHT 2021 BY KXLY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS MATERIAL MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED, BROADCAST, REWRITTEN OR REDISTRIBUTED.


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I’m super pleased to be offering an Introduction to EFT
(Emotional Freedom Technique) at the London Therapy Foundation
An introductory workshop with Lou Alexander
Saturday 18th March 2017
London Therapy Foundation
40 Lambert Avenue, Richmond TW9 4QR
EFT is a powerful, clinically proven technique that can help reduce stress, cravings, fears, depression and negativity to create health, vitality and confidence.
Unresolved stresses and negativity are now known to be responsible for 85% of illness, low self-confidence, decreased work efficiency and addictive behaviours which cause an imbalance in body, mind and spirit.
What would your life be like if you felt free from your emotional hooks? Imagine waking up in the morning excited and able to handle any situation, with an attitude that easily lets go of upsets, unwanted cravings and pain to create a positive outlook, energy and vitality.
During this 3-hour workshop, we will explore what EFT is, how it helps and its scientific background. You will experience EFT first hand as we will work with physical tensions, stress relief and cravings.
Lou first began her TAKE A BREATH™ journey many years ago, after finding herself in an extremely stressful work environment that started to negatively affect her health and wellbeing. This journey has now taken her to a very different place! In Lou’s own words: ‘I feel centred, calm and connected most of the time and when I don’t (because life happens) I have the skills to get myself back on track.’ She has trained as an Emotional Wellness Therapist and is a qualified and experienced Hypnotherapist, Counsellor, Psychotherapist, Matrix Reimprinting practitioner and an advanced accredited Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) practitioner.
Cost: £15 – booking is by payment in full beforehand

domain: health


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Meija Ceramic Ramen Bowl 15cm White Flower Blue Clay
Size: (Dia) 15cm
Elevate your dining experience with the exquisite Meija Ceramic Ramen Bowl. Crafted from premium ceramic, this 15cm Blue Clay masterpiece exudes sophistication and elegance. The delicate white flower on the intense blue clay background adds a touch of refined artistry to your table. Explore culinary perfection with this meticulously designed bowl, and indulge in the ultimate ramen experience.

domain: design


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Agnes has plenty to offer us
THE sheer beauty and the excellent fishing are just two things that keep people coming back to Agnes Water.
The beautiful historic coastal town has some super-sized fishing, but that is not all it has to offer.
Agnes Water/Seventeen Seventy visitor information centre co-ordinator Vicki Templeton said Agnes was a beautiful place with more than just fishing on offer.
"It's a big place for fishing; it's just a beautiful place. It has a magic sunset that people must see... it's such a beautiful place to come visit," she said.
Agnes Water has the best of both worlds with calm waters at Seventy Seventeen and the tumble of the surf.
Ms Templeton said people came from across Australia to visit humble Agnes Water.
With two national parks and a great deal of history, there's not just fishing.
"Agnes Water offers more than just fishing, we are a gateway to the Great Barrier Reef," Ms Templeton said.
"We get 20,000 visitors a year, we are an outdoor activity place."
Not only can people get to do some fantastic fishing but there are other activities such as; biking, learning to surf, horse riding.
"There is an amazing amount of things to do here - it covers everything," she said.
"It's a fantastic place to holiday."
While visiting the area on a fishing expedition, touch-up on history and take a tour to the light station built in 1868.
"People can even wine and dine here, we have great restaurants and accommodation," she said.
"Of course it's a wonderful place to go fishing but Agnes has other things to do also.
"We really have the best of both worlds here."

domain: geography


text:
This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 8860726.
Majority of nurses have been sexual harassed at work
Three in five nurses (60 per cent) have experienced sexual harassment at work, according to a survey published by trade union
Unison and Nursing Times. Unison said the research showed that incidents of sexual harassment are almost commonplace, with
staff targeted by patients, family and friends of those in their care, and their own health colleagues.
The rest of this document is only available to i-law.com online
If you are already a subscriber, please enter your details below to log in.


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Chennai: A first year mechanical engineering student of Sairam College committed suicide on Friday morning after he failed to clear an exam.
The student was a Dalit hailing from Perambalur. The victim’s classmates alleged it was after torture by the warden and the campus director, the student committed suicide. He was missing around 8:30 am and after searching for him for three hours he was found dead.
According to some students, T. Abhinath’s body was found in a well inside the college campus. The campus director P. Balu and the warden Dhanush tortured him after he failed in the exam.
He was a first graduate in the family and his father was a farmer. He wanted to study veterinary science. But his father forced him to study engineering. “In the last semester, he failed in an exam for which the hostel warden harassed him. So he went to meet Balu to make a complaint against Dhanush. But in return Balu harassed him more. He even called his parents,” said a student requesting anonymity. The warden also took the identity card from him. “He was mentally disturbed as without ID card one cannot go from the hostel to college. He was very silent from the moment the management scolded him,” said a student. The students also said the victim belonged to scheduled caste.
A senior police officer said the student had got four arrears. The management scolded him and asked him to bring his parents. He was afraid of his father. He jumped into the well on the college campus. He didn’t attend the model examinations but was a good student. Probably he couldn’t cope with the environment. Police officers said it was a case of suicide but there was no suicide note. Investigation is on. The college management failed to respond to repeated attempts to contact it....


Texas Gov. Rick Perry has announced that the Lone Star State will not participate in two ObamaCare programs: The expansion of Medicaid to cover more individuals and the creation of a state insurance exchange. “Both represent brazen intrusions into the sovereignty of our state,” Perry declared in a letter to Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Kathleen Sebelius.
Texas has thus become the sixth state — after Florida, South Carolina, Wisconsin, Mississippi, and Louisiana — to opt out of these two provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). All of these states are headed by Republican Governors.
“Neither a ‘state’ exchange nor the expansion of Medicaid under the Orwellian-named PPACA would result in better ‘patient protection’ or in more ‘affordable care,’” Perry wrote. “What they would do is make Texas a mere appendage of the federal government when it comes to health care.”
The PPACA requires states to establish insurance exchanges on which individuals who do not have employer-sponsored health insurance can shop for the plan that best meets their needs at a price they can afford. If a state fails to establish an exchange, the federal government will do so.
Southern Methodist University law professor Tom Mayo questioned Perry’s decision to forego setting up an exchange, telling KXAS-TV that Perry is therefore “inviting the federal government to come in and do it for us.”
“I don’t see how that protects state sovereignty,” he added.
However, as Perry pointed out in his letter:
The PPACA does not truly allow states to create and operate their own exchanges. Instead, it gives the federal government the final say as to which insurance plans can operate in a so-called “state” exchange, what benefits those plans must provide, and what price controls and cost limits will apply. It leaves many questions to be answered later through federal “future rulemaking.” In short, it essentially treats the states like subcontractors through which the federal government can control the insurance markets and pursue federal priorities rather than those of the individual states.
Indeed, the existing regulations for creating exchanges, contained in a final rule issued by HHS in March, are incredibly detailed and complex, according to Nicole Kaeding, state policy analyst at Americans for Prosperity:
The 644-page rule included the word “must” over 1,000 times and “require” more than 320 times. The rule gets so specific as to dictate what items a state must include on its exchange website and how its call center must operate. Under the regulation, any state hoping to create an exchange must first apply to HHS using its “exchange blueprint” template. Secretary Sebelius has sole authority to approve or deny the application. Additionally, any “significant change” must also be approved by the secretary.
The rule itself says that the “minimum functions [outlined in the rule] … are a floor not a ceiling.” Proponents … argue that if a state doesn’t create an exchange, the federal government will. Under these thousands of pages of regulations and frameworks established by HHS, there is no distinction between the two. States only have the option to further concentrate control in the hands of bureaucrats, not keep it where it belongs: between patients and doctors.
Moreover, Kaeding observes, because “Congress did not provide tax subsidies to aid individuals’ purchases in federal exchanges … businesses in states that do create state exchanges will face higher fines than businesses in states that do not.”
In other words, states have nothing to gain and everything to lose by establishing exchanges. Perry is therefore right to reject them.
“Through its proposed expansion of Medicaid, the PPACA would simply enlarge a broken system that is already financially unsustainable,” Perry informed Sebelius. “Medicaid is a system of inflexible mandates, one-size-fits-all requirements, and wasteful, bureaucratic inefficiencies. Expanding it as the PPACA provides would only exacerbate the failure of the current system, and would threaten even Texas with financial ruin.”
Under ObamaCare, beginning in 2014 states are to be given funds to expand Medicaid to cover individuals making up to 133 percent of the federal poverty level; states that refused to do so will be denied those funds. In addition, while Washington will cover the entire cost of this expansion for the first three years, eventually states will have to pay 10 percent of it. Arlene Wohlgemuth of the Texas Public Policy Center told Fox News that this provision would increase Texas’ Medicaid spending by 65 percent, bringing it to “46 percent of our entire state’s budget” — clearly an unsustainable burden.
However, the Supreme Court, in its otherwise disastrous ruling on the PPACA, held that the federal government could not withhold Medicaid funds from noncompliant states, opening the door for states to take the money but not spend it on covering more people. That is what Perry and the other five Governors have stated they will do.
“Gov. Perry has consistently rejected federal funding when strings are attached that impose long-term financial burdens on Texans, or cede state control of state issues to the federal government,” reads a press release from Perry’s office.
Note that Perry does not categorically reject federal funding, nearly all of which is unconstitutional; he simply wants to be given cash unconditionally. He plainly has no problem with the existence of Medicaid. In fact, as governor he has “poured a lot more money into Medicaid ... and proposed to use Texas resources to expand healthcare for Mexican nationals,” according to the Atlantic’s Conor Friedersdorf. Now he is calling for Medicaid to be converted to a block-grant program so that states can spend the funds as they see fit. In addition, he is a rather inconsistent foe of national healthcare programs: In 1993 he praised then-First Lady Hillary Clinton for her “most commendable” efforts at healthcare “reform,” which turned out to be an even more blatant takeover of the healthcare system than ObamaCare. Thus, while Perry’s refusal to participate in some provisions of ObamaCare is certainly welcome, no one should mistake it for a principled stand against big government.
Whether the result of politics, principle, or a little of both, state opposition to ObamaCare serves as a reminder that federalism in America is not yet dead. With enough such efforts, states may even be able to nullify ObamaCare altogether, as they have thus far effectively done with the REAL ID Act. In the words of Rick Perry, “Thank God and our nation’s founders that we have the right to do so.”
Photo of Texas Governor Rick Perry: AP Images


I love samples. I love JAY Z. I love Common. Va rapper Jered Sanders hits the trifecta and even throws in some Kanye West for good measure with his new single from his forthcoming album Daylight Savings Time, Who Am I. This throwback track is a great introduction to new listeners and for the Hip-Hop Heads that long for a lyrical fix. Click play, scratch that lyrical itch, and look out for the Daylight Savings Time album coming the end of this month.


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Manage a two foot clearance all-around your device. You should not let any vegetation expand close to it since it could obstruct the HVAC's capacity to "breathe". When you've got a garden close to the unit, make certain any grass cuttings fly away from it. During autumn, be sure you hold leaves far from the lover grill.
In 1758, Benjamin Franklin and John Hadley, a chemistry professor at Cambridge College, carried out an experiment to check out the principle of evaporation as a way to fast great an item. Franklin and Hadley verified that evaporation of highly risky liquids (including Liquor and ether) can be utilized to drive down the temperature of the object past the freezing place of water. They conducted their experiment Using the bulb of a mercury thermometer as their item and having a bellows used to hurry-up the evaporation.
Total-residence Zoning - With this feature, it is possible to Handle the temperature for every room. By zoning, you may have your heating and cooling method shut from the conditioning in rooms that do not want it when specializing in rooms that do.
Pondering elevating a couple of chickens to offer eggs, but worried about having in over your head? PM senior house editor Roy Berendsohn...
The essential idea driving air con is claimed to are already utilized in historic Egypt, in which reeds were being hung in windows and have been moistened with trickling drinking water. The evaporation of drinking water cooled the air blowing in the window.
Transforming a house is often a frightening undertaking, but you are able to do lots of transforming assignments your self. Optimize your results and remain Safe and sound with the Suggestions and initiatives in these articles or blog posts. See more »
You'll find other factors of the HVAC technique that may or may not be current in a standard set up. These characteristics are:
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Some factors could be repaired or changed through the homeowner, for example filters, fuses, and clogged up drain lines. Coils, compressors and the other components are greatest remaining to knowledgeable.
You'll be able to modify for seasons: Throughout the summer, you may contain the air conditioner remain off during the cooler morning hours and begin cooling the home as everyone will get up and starts going around.
Due to the fact prehistoric periods, snow and ice were being used for cooling. The business enterprise of harvesting ice during Winter season and storing to be used in summertime turned well-liked toward the late seventeenth century.[three] This observe was replaced by mechanical ice-building devices.
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“Black people are in danger. Because it keeps happening time and time again.” Colorlines was able to get a first-person, on the ground account of the New York City protests in Brooklyn and Manhattan, from May 28-May 30.
The person who captured the footage, and who uses they/them pronouns, took to the streets to decry the state violence inflicted against Black bodies, including George Floyd, whose filmed death at the hands of Minneapolis police has galvanized the country to say enough! Their account of the brutality against protesters and those exercising their right of free speech and assembly proves that there is a long way to go in reforming the culture that led to the death of Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmad Arbery, Tony McDade, and so, so, so many more, named and unnamed.
The fact that even with the eyes of the world on them, the NYPD, the country’s largest police force, still treated American citizens protesting police violence with such disdain, disrespect and savagery is a sickening irony. And just another day in America for so many.
“We’re all people who are hurting,” they said. “We’re all community members. These are people that are bartenders, these are people who are baristas, these are people who are waiters; that work in the public sector, who are essential workers. And all they want to see is a better world, and they’ll do whatever it takes.” May it be so.
Black Lives Matter.
rnTrigger Warning: This video depicts police violence.
rnDrew Angerer/Getty Images
rnPablo Monsalve/VIEWpress via Getty Images
rnIra L. Black/Corbis via Getty Images
rnBastiaan Slabbers/NurPhoto via Getty Images
rnAngela Weiss/AFP via Getty Images
rnSpencer Platt/Getty Images


Presented by Shure and Dynasty Podcasts
This virtual online workshop will demystify the process of developing and launching an independent podcast. From selecting the theme for your podcast and developing your voice as a host to best practices, hardware, and software for recording and editing, to breaking down the process of publishing your podcast on the web and mobile.
This workshop is ideal for creatives and entrepreneurs looking to develop their own podcast series and broadcast their voice and their brand online. No prior podcasting experience necessary. This workshop can be accessed from your own home, with a live stream link sent out shortly before the start of the workshop.
-Learn how to determine the focus and format for your podcast
-Learn what hardware and software you can use to record a professional grade podcast
-Learn best editing practices for publishing a well-produced podcast
-Learn how to publish your podcast to platforms like iTunes and more
Direct zoom link: https://zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_qyndU76NTo-gUHqzFvm6xQ
Workshop instructor Jaime Black has been podcasting for fifteen years and working in broadcast for over two decades. In 2005, he launched Dynasty Podcasts, the first ever and longest-running music podcast in the City of Chicago’s history. During that time, he has produced over 1,000 podcast episodes. He also teaches entrepreneurship and freelancing for artists and creatives at Columbia College Chicago.


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By Fred Hernandez
There’s nothing quite like the smell of fresh organic cannabis flower, but sometimes it’s fun to experiment with flavors and aromas. Terpenes in cannabis are responsible for its wide array of aromas ranging from the pleasant fruity scents to acquired scents like earthy or even sour smelling buds. These aromatic oils interact synergistically with medicinal cannabinoids to produce unique therapeutic effects.
Adding essential oils to your favorite cannabis strains and concentrates can be a fun way to positively impact your bud’s aromatic profile, especially bud that has lost a bit of its pungent smell. In fact, essential oils are commonly used in aromatherapy to elicit positive moods and even act as a supplement to certain medical conditions. Companies like True Terpenes based in Portland, Oregon specialize in extracting these terpene oils for using on your cannabis.
Many cannabis users incorporate essential oils (concentrated oils found in plants) when they smoke or vape concentrates or flowers. Adding essential oils to any kind of bud can resuscitate months-old dried weed effectively. Sometimes, not-so-aromatic weed needs a little pick-me-up to cover up for taste, aroma, and harshness. All you need is one drop of your favorite essential oil on a cotton ball to keep in your flower jar. Although your old dried bud will never go back to its original terpene content, adding essential oil moisture can give it a flavorful kick.
Add Flavor and Aroma
Popular essential oils to combine with cannabis include peppermint, lavender, grapefruit, rosemary, chamomile, lemongrass, and more. Add a few drops of peppermint essential oil in your bong water for a minty fresh hit. Not only does the peppermint reduce the harshness of the smoke, but it also gives you a smoother hit. You can also coat the bowl of your piece or water pipe with a drop of your favorite essential oil.
Terpene extraction involves using a variety of methods to isolate specific terpenes from cannabis. By isolating terpenes, you can purchase them individually and add them to your cannabis plant extracts to create your own flavors or improve the ones you already have. These terpenes are mainly responsible for the uptake of cannabinoids in your body enhancing medicinal effects.
Before you start incorporating essential oils, remember that these are concentrated forms of natural plant oils. Make sure to start small and build up, never adding more than a few drops to your cannabis. Always purchase high-quality and organic essential oils to ensure you’re getting the best product possible. Integrating essential oils into your cannabis smoking or vaping experience can add flavor and aromas you never thought possible. Many companies are even incorporating essential oil blends into their tinctures to elicit unique experiences.


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All activities and programs are free with park admission. Park Admission rates are: $8 Vehicle (2 – 8 People), $4 Vehicle (1 person), $2 Pedestrian and Bicyclists. Vendors will have food and drinks available for purchase or bring your own beach picnic.
On World Oceans Day, people around our blue planet celebrate the ocean. Lovers Key State Park will be hosting a World Oceans Day Celebration on June 9th.
Join us to discover how you can help protect and preserve one of our most important natural resources and the marine wildlife which depends on it for their survival through a variety of intriguing nature tours and programs.


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Washington: Disputing State Department`s claim that the Indian Embassy was warned in September of imminent action against Devyani Khobragade, Indian officials insist it was part of a correspondence regarding her "missing" housekeeper who the embassy accused of "blackmailing" her employer and sought her arrest as she was subverting "both Indian and US laws."
In fact, the Indian Embassy here as also the Ministry of External Affairs in New Delhi have been taking up the matter of Khobragade`s domestic help Sangeeta Richard from June with the State Department and the US embassy in New Delhi, officials said.
The Sep 4 letter from the State Department requested the embassy to enquire into the allegations brought in by Richard disputing her terms of employment with Khobragade and seeking the findings of the embassy, it said. In response, the Indian side, both in New Delhi and in Washington, reiterated the requests pending with the US side in this regard since June 2013.
These included assistance in tracing Richard, who had had entered the US with an official Indian passport and was found missing on June 23. This was reported immediately to the Office of the Foreign Missions in New York and New York Police Department.
The embassy said it also sought action against "blackmailing by Richard demanding that she be permitted to change her passport, visa status and to work elsewhere, which would be in violation of US regulations." It also wanted assistance in repatriating Richard as her passport was revoked on July 8 and is since staying in the US illegally.
The Indian embassy also sought the arrest of Richard, alleging she had taken cash, mobile phone and documents from Khobragade`s residence.
On Oct 8, the embassy said, it sent a written response to the State Department rebutting Richard`s allegation and "bringing out the facts of the case whereby Richard is seeking to subvert both Indian and US laws."
The US side was also requested to assist in implementing an injunction issued on Sep 20, by the Delhi High Court against Richard restraining her from initiating any legal action against Khobragade outside India. Separately, on July 15 Sangeeta Richard`s husband Philip Richard filed a writ petition against Khobragade and the Union of India alleging that Sangeeta Richard was in police custody in New York and charging Khobragade, the embassy said.
But on July 19, Richard voluntarily withdrew his writ petition, it said.
The State Department was thus requested to assist in locating and repatriating Richard to India.
On Nov 19, the Metropolitan Magistrate of South District, New Delhi issued a non-bailable arrest warrant against Richard.
On Dec 6, the arrest warrant was forwarded to the State Department and to the US Embassy in New Delhi requesting them to instruct the relevant authorities in the US to arrest and repatriate Richard to India through the Indian Consulate in New York.
But no response was received from the US side for any of these communications, the embassy said and instead Khobragade was arrested on Dec 12.
The State Department spokesperson Marie Harf, however, still asserted that the arrest should not have come as a surprise as it had notified the Indian embassy on Sep 4 about the allegations against Khobragade.
The Indian mission, she told reporters Wednesday, was advised as part of "State Department policy to advise foreign missions of allegations made involving a member of a mission or a family member." But the State Department advice was "entirely separate from the law enforcement process that is an important one of looking into these allegations."


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For travel during the Christmas holiday season, see Christmas and New Year travelChristmas is a small town in Orange County, central Florida. It is located just off State Road 50, 20 miles east of Orlando en route to Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, and Canaveral National Seashore in Titusville.
phone: +1 407 254-9310address: 1300 North Fort Christmas RdHistorical military fort built on December 25, 1837 during the Second Seminole War. Inside are displays of a wide variety of military and Seminole Indian artifacts.
address: 26205 East Colonial Drive
address: 25525 E. Colonial Drive

domain: history


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Grandma’s Jam Jam cookies were always a hit with everyone! It was always a good day when I would stop in at my grandparent’s home on the way home from school to smell that Grandma had been baking. And she would often make these Jam Jam cookies for guests, or to take to her Senior’s groups, and sometimes…just for US!
For my birthday last year Mom compiled a binder for me with some of the family’s favourite recipes, and this was one of them. It’s been over a decade since I’ve last had one of Grandma’s delicious Jam Jams, so I decided it was time to make them myself-with a little help from the children, of course!
Ingredients for Grandma’s Jam Jam Cookies:
- 1 Cup Brown Sugar
- 1 Cup Butter
- 2 Eggs
- 6 TBSP Corn syrup
- 2 tsp Baking Soda
- 1 tsp Vanilla
- ¼ tsp Salt
- All purpose flour (no, I haven’t forgotten to write the amount down-this is one of those ‘old’ recipes from back in the day where not much was measured, you just ‘knew’ how much to add, and the directions were one sentence long-a far cry from most home-bakers today!)
Method for making Jam Jam Cookies:
1) Preheat your oven to 350F/180C.
2) Cream butter and sugar together.
3) Add eggs and mix well.
4) Add remaining ingredients (except the jam).
6) Add enough flour to roll out the cookies. At this point I ran out of white flour, so I substituted some brown flour. Though the cookies have finished a little darker, they still taste just as delicious. It’s all about using what you have and being creative in the kitchen, isn’t it?!
7) Roll cookie dough out and cut with a cookie cutter. (My hands were a bit messy at this point so no photos were taken, but I’m sure you know what rolled cookie dough looks like.)
8) Place cookies onto an ungreased cookie sheet. We used different sizes of cookie cutters, and put the same sized cookies on the same cookie sheet so that they would bake evenly at the same time.
9) Bake until they are just nicely done- don’t over-bake. You may want to set a timer to remind you to check on the oven, especially if you have young children around who may distract you!
10) Let cool on a wire rack.
11) Sandwich cookies together using a jam filling of your choice. Tristan is using his daddy’s homemade apple and foraged blackberry jam.
12) Store in an airtight container.


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Original Research ARTICLE
Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation from the Forebrain-Derived Human Neural Stem Cells Induced in Cultures by Using a Combination of BMP-7 and Pramipexole with Growth Factors
- 1Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- 2Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- 3Department of Research and Development, Cell and Tissue Bank of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- 4Department of Anatomy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Transplantation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is considered to be the most promising therapeutic strategy for replacing degenerated dopamine cells in the midbrain of Parkinson's disease (PD), thereby restoring normal neural circuit function and slow clinical progression of the disease. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) derived from fetal forebrain are thought to be the important cell sources for producing DA neurons because of their multipotency for differentiation and long-term expansion property in cultures. However, low DA differentiation of the forebrain-derived hNSCs limited their therapeutic potential in PD. In the current study, we explored a combined application of Pramipexole (PRX), bone morphogenetic proteins 7 (BMP-7), and growth factors, including acidic fibroblast factor (aFGF), forskolin, and phorbol-12-myristae-13-acetate (TPA), to induce differentiation of forebrain-derived hNSCs toward DA neurons in cultures. We found that DA neuron-associated genes, including Nurr1, Neurogenin2 (Ngn2), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were significantly increased after 24 h of differentiation by RT-PCR analysis (p < 0.01). Fluorescent examination showed that about 25% of cells became TH-positive neurons at 24 h, about 5% of cells became VMAT2 (vascular monoamine transporter 2)-positive neurons, and less than 5% of cells became DAT (dopamine transporter)-positive neurons at 72 h following differentiation in cultures. Importantly, these TH-, VMAT2-, and DAT-expressing neurons were able to release dopamine into cultures under both of the basal and evoked conditions. Dopamine levels released by DA neurons produced using our protocol were significantly higher compared to the control groups (P < 0.01), as examined by ELISA. Our results demonstrated that the combination of PRX, BMP-7, and growth factors was able to greatly promote differentiation of the forebrain-derived hNSCs into DA-releasing neurons.
Parkinson disease (PD) as one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by marked depletion of dopamine caused by dopaminergic neurons loss or degeneration in substantia nigra (SN) of the midbrain. To date, PD is still considered to be incurable and irreversible to the disabilities although the levodopa replacement therapy significantly remits the symptoms (Suzuki et al., 2015). Cell replacement therapy for PD, especially dopaminergic (DA) neurons, is considered to be the most promising candidate for restoring nigrostriatal DA transmission in the treatment of PD, Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been successfully induced to differentiate into DA neurons in vitro using various protocols (Kirkeby et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2014; Lim et al., 2015). However, many problems in ESCs, including their propensity to form teratomas and ethical issues, limit their clinical uses (Christophersen et al., 2006; Knoepfler, 2009). Although specific DA neuron-associated gene overexpression in midbrain-derived NSCs resulted from experimental gene transfection technology could produce DA neurons in vitro (Andersson et al., 2007), there is a safety concern for clinical uses of such gene-transfected cells. Midbrain-derived hNSCs may be more intended to differentiate into DA neurons, however, clinical application has been hindered due to the lack of sufficient midbrain tissues. In addition, midbrain-derived hNSCs will lose their proliferative property and multipotency for differentiation in long term cultures (Christophersen et al., 2006). Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have been successfully isolated from fetal forebrains and these forebrain-derived hNSCs can be expanded in cultures for more than a year without losing their multipotency to differentiate into neurons and glial cells (Christophersen et al., 2006). Thus, forebrain-derived hNSCs can serve as suitable cell sources to provide sufficient number of candidate cells and to differentiate into DA neurons for transplantation uses in PD. More importantly, forebrain-derived hNSCs do not intend to form tumors when used for transplantation (Daadi et al., 2012). However, forebrain-derived hNSCs appear to hardly differentiate into functional DA neurons, lacking the capacity to release dopamine, compared to midbrain-derived hNSCs, which limited their therapeutic application in PD.
Nurr1, known as a member of the nuclear receptor family, is not only essential for the development of mesencephalic DA neurons but also a regulatory factor of differentiation, migration, and maturation of mesencephalic DA neurons (Li et al., 2011). Nurr1 is also involved in establishing the DA neurotransmitter identity of DA neurons in cultured cells, including ES cells, primary neural precursors derived from forebrain cortex, midbrain, and developing striatum. However, over-expression of Nurr1 alone is not sufficient to induce the expression of additional markers of DA neurons except for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (Andersson et al., 2007). Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) is proved to be critical for DA neuron differentiation of mesencephalic progenitors (Thompson et al., 2006). Over-expression of Ngn2 alone in midbrain-derived progenitors is not sufficient either to result in DA neurons except for neuronal maturation (Andersson et al., 2007). However, it has been reported that progenitors derived from fetal mouse ventral midbrain can further develop into neuronal cells expressing not only TH but also additional DA neuron markers, such as vascular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), by over-expression of gene Nurr1 and Ngn2 (Andersson et al., 2007). Although TH-expressing neurons can be induced from forebrain progenitors using growth factors, the percentage of these TH-expressing neurons is low (4–10%) and other DA neuron markers cannot be detected in these differentiated cells (Christophersen et al., 2006).
Pramipexole (PRX), as a non-ergot DA D2/D3 receptor agonist, is attracting more and more attention because of its effect on the treatment of early as well as advanced PD. In vivo experiments showed that PRX can can promote DA neurogenesis and increase motor activity in a PD animal model (Winner et al., 2009). In vitro experiments demonstrated that PRX can significantly induce the expression of DA neuron-associated genes [Nurr1, DAT (dopamine transporter), and VMAT2] in SH-SY5Y cells (Pan et al., 2005). Bone morphogenetic proteins 7 (BMP-7), as one of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members, has been proven to increase the number of TH-positive cells and dopamine uptake of rat mesencephalic cells in vitro (Lee et al., 2003). Its application can also significantly decrease DA neurons loss caused by 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) in vivo (Harvey et al., 2004). In addition, BMP-7 is able to up-regulate and maintain the expression of Ngn2 (Segklia et al., 2012).
Because BMP7 and PRX can upregulate the expression of DA neuron-associated key genes Nurr1 and Ngn2, and growth factors including acidic fibroblast factor (aFGF), forskolin, and phorbol-12-myristae-13-acetate (TPA), have been confirmed in previous studies to enhance the expression of TH in forebrain-derived hNSCs (Christophersen et al., 2006), we explored the possibility in the current studies to promote the differentiation of forebrain-derived hNSCs into DA-producing neurons by a combined application of PRX and BMP-7 with these growth factors.
Methods and Materials
Culture of hNSCs (Human Neural Stem Cells)
hNSCs were purchased from Lonza (Walkersville, MD, USA). The detailed methods for the growth and maintenance of undifferentiated hNSCs were conducted according to the protocol we previously published (Ma et al., 2011). In brief, hNSCs were cultured in T-75 flask containing 15 ml complete culture medium including DMEM/F12 (Invitrogen, CA, USA), human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF; 20 ng/ml) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 20 ng/ml) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), B27 (serum-free medium supplements formulated to provide optimal growth condition for NSC expansion, 1:50; Invitrogen), heparin (5 μg/ml; Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA), 2 mM L-glutamine, and an antibiotic–antimycotic mixture (1: 100; Invitrogen) at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified incubation chamber (Fisher, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). 7.5 ml fresh complete culture medium was changed every 3 days. Every 1–2 week, we cut the larger neuro-spheroids into small spheroids under the observation of the microscope (Olympus, Japan).
Induction of Dopaminergic Differentiation
hNSC spheres were mechanically dissociated into small spheres, part of which were plated on 12 mm (diameter) glass coverslips coated with poly-l-lysine in 1 ml complete culture medium supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for promoting cell attaching to the coverslips. Other spheres were further prepared into single cells using accutase (Chemicon) and 1 × 106 of single cells were plated in the 50 mm (diameter) tissues culture dishes in 4 ml complete culture medium supplemented with 1% FBS overnight for PCR and dopamine release analysis. On the second day, the medium were completely discharged and replaced with the same volume of differentiated medium, which included B27 medium supplemented with 1% FBS, BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic proteins, Peprotech, 50 ng/ml), pramipexole (PRX, Sigma, 10 ìm), and growth factors, including acidic fibroblast factors (aFGF, Sigma, 100 ng/ml), forskolin (Sigma, 25 ìm), and phorbol-12-myristae-13-acetate (TPA, Sigma, 100 nm). The controls were divided into two groups: one was cultured in B27 medium supplemented with 1% FBS and growth factors, the other was cultured in B27 medium supplemented with 1% FBS.
For PCR analysis, the cells were cultured in vitro for 24 h. Total RNA was extracted with Trizol (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's protocol. One microgram of total RNA was used for reverse transcription using ImProm-II™ Reverse Transcription System (Promega) in a total volume of 20 μl. cDNA from all samples was synthesized at the same time using the same master mix to avoid variations. All PCRs were performed by using Quick-Load®; Taq Master Mix (NEB) with 2 μl cDNA and final concentration of primer at 0.5 μM. The final reaction volume of PCR was 20 μl. All reactions were performed in triplicate. β-actin was used as internal control for equal loading of cDNA. PCR products were separated on 1.5% agarose gel, and quantified by densitometric analysis with quantity one system (Bio-Rad, USA). Data was from four independent experiments. The primers used in the research were listed as follows: β-actin: F (forward): 5′-GAA GTC CCT TGC CAT CCT AAA-3′; R (Reverse): 5′-GTC TCA AGT CAG TGT ACA GGT AAG-3′; Nurr1: F: 5′-GAA CTG CAC TTG GGC AGA GTT G-3′; R: 5′-GGT GGA CAG TGT CGT AAT TC-3′; Ngn2: F: 5′-GGT CTG GTA CAC GAT TGC AAA C-3′; R: 5′-GCT GTT GGT GCA ACT CCA CGT-3′; TH: F: 5′-TGT CCA CGC TGT ACT GGT TC-3′; R: 5′-AGC TCC TGA GCT TGT CCT TG-3′.
After induction in vitro for 24 and 72 h, respectively, the differentiated cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 20 min at room temperature (RT). The cells were washed three times with PBS, followed by overnight incubation with primary antibodies diluted in PBS containing 5% normal donkey serum (Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories), 0.1% Triton X-100 at 4°C in a humidified chamber. On the second day, the cells were washed three times with PBS and incubated for 1 h at room temperature in the dark with secondary antibodies diluted in PBS. After washing three times with PBS, the cells were cover slipped with medium for fluorescence with DAPI (Vector Labs) and viewed by fluorescence microscopy (Olympus, Japan). The primary antibodies used were: mouse anti-β-tubulin III (Sigma 1:400); rabbit anti-TH (PelFreez 1:200); rabbit anti-DAT (Millipore 1:400), and rabbit anti-VMAT2 (Santa cruz 1:100). The secondary antibodies used in these experiments were: anti-mouse TRITC and anti-rabbit FITC (all from Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratories). In order to quantify the percentage of TH-, DAT-, or VMAT2-immunopositive cells out of the total cell population, cells were counted at 200 × magnification, three fields were randomly chosen in each culture and the percentage of TH-, DAT-, or VMAT2-immunopositive cells was calculated with respect to the total number of cells indicated by DAPI-positive nuclei. Data are from four independent experiments. On average, 400 cells were examined in each experiment.
Dopamine release was quantified using ELISA kits (Dopamine Research EIA, LaborDiagnostika Nord GmbH & Co. KG, German) analyses after 3 days of differentiation in vitro. Every group was divided into two subgroups. Subgroup1 was incubated in 1.5 ml HBSS for 15 min to test basal dopamine release. Subgroup2 was incubated in 1.5 ml HBSS plus 56 mM KCl for 15 min to measure evoked dopamine release. All samples were stabilized immediately with orthophosphoric acid (7.5%)/metabisulfate (0.22 mg/ml) and stored at −80°C before analysis. Dopamine extraction, acylation, and enzyme immunoassay were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. Every sample and standard was performed in duplicated. Absorbance was read using a microplate reader set to 450 nm and a reference wavelength set between 620 and 650 nm. Data were from four independent experiments.
Data were expressed as the mean ± SD. SPSS 16.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. One-factor ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance between the means. The statistical significance was established at P < 0.05 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).
Our New Defined Culture Condition Significantly Increased the Expression of DA Neuron-Associated Genes in the Differentiated Forebrain-Derived hNSCs
To examine whether our new defined culture condition has any biological effect on DA neuron-associated genes, RT-PCR was performed to measure the expression of Nurr1, Ngn2, and TH genes in the forebrain-derived hNSCs at 24 h after in vitro differentiation. As illustrated in Figures 1A–D, the expression of these DA neuron-associated genes were significantly augmented under our new defined culture condition compared to control groups (p < 0.01).
Figure 1. The combined application of BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors in culture significantly increased the expression of DA neuron-associated genes of forebrain-derived hNSCs. (A) Gene expression of Nurr1, Ngn2, and TH examined by RT-PCR at 24 h of differentiation. Forebrain-derived hNSCs were treated with 1% FBS, 1% FBS and growth factors, and 1% FBS, BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors, respectively. (B–D) Bar graphs showing that the gene expression of Nurr1, Ngn2, and TH was significantly improved by the combined application of BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors in cultures compared to controls. Human β-actin gene fragment was used for internal control. All experiments were performed with four independent cDNAs. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide and quantified by densitometric analysis with quantity one system. Data were presented as mean ± S.E.M. One-factor ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance between means (**P < 0.01).
TH-, VMAT2-, and DAT-Positive Cells were Significantly Increased under our New Defined Culture Condition
After 24 and 72 h of differentiation, fluorescent immunocytochemistry was conducted to examine TH-, DAT-, and VMAT2-positive neurons in differentiated forebrain hNSCs. As shown in Figures 2A–C, 3A, our defined culture condition significantly increased the number of TH-positive cells in the culture after 24 h of differentiation compared to control groups. In addition, these TH-positive neurons possessed longer neuronal processes or fibers than those in control groups (Figures 2A–C). However, VMAT2- and DAT-positive cells were not detected at 24 h until at 72 h after differentiation using our new defined culture condition. VMAT2-positive cells occupied about 5%, and DAT-positive cells occupied less than 5% of the total population of the neuronal cells in the culture (Figures 2D,E). Most of the TH-positive cells, DAT-positive cells, and VMAT2-positive cells co-expressed β-tubulin III, the marker for neurons. In control groups, no DAT- or VMAT2-positive cells were detected at either 24 or 72 h of differentiation.
Figure 2. TH-, VMAT2-, and DAT-positive cells were detected in the cultures with the combined application of BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors. (A–C) TH-positive neurons in (A) 1% FBS, (B) 1% FBS and growth factors, and (C): 1% FBS, BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors examined by fluorescent immunocytochemistry examined at 24 h of differentiation. Green: TH-positive cells, Red: β-tubulin III-positive cells, Blue: DAPI labeled nuclei, Yellow: co-localization of TH (green) and β-tubulin III (red) in the same cells. Bar = 200 μm. (D) VMAT2-positive neurons in cultures with 1% FBS, BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors examined at 72 h of differentiation by fluorescent immunocytochemistry. Green: VMAT-2-positive cells, Red: β-tubulin III-positive cells, Blue: DAPI labeled nuclei, Yellow: co-localization of TH (green) and β-tubulin III (red) in the same cells. No VMAT2-positive neurons were detected in cultures of the controls. Bar = 100 μm. (E) DAT-positive neurons in cultures with 1% FBS, BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors examined at 72 h of differentiation by fluorescent immunocytochemistry. Green: DAT-positive cells, Red: β-tubulin III-positive cells, Blue: DAPI labeled nuclei, Yellow: co-localization of DAT (green) and β-tubulin III (red) in the same cells. No DAT-positive neurons were detected in cultures of the controls. Bar = 100 μm.
Figure 3. Dopamine release was significantly increased at both basal and evoked levels in DA neurons produced in cultures containing 1% FBS, BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors. (A) Bar graphs showing that the number of DA neurons produced in cultures containing 1% FBS, BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors were significantly increased compared to controls. (B,C) The basal (B) and evoked (C) levels of dopamine released by DA neurons were significantly augmented in cultures containing 1% FBS, BMP-7, pramipexole, and growth factors compared to those in cultures of the controls. Data were received with four independent experiments. Basal or evoked dopamine releases were assessed by ELISA. Data were presented as mean ± S.E.M. One-factor ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance between means (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05).
The Levels of Dopamine Release by the Differentiated DA Neurons were Significantly Increased at Basal and Evoked Conditions in our New Defined Culture System
To confirm whether the differentiated DA neurons from forebrain hNSCs are functional and release dopamines in cultures, the basal, and evoked levels of dopamine releases by these cells were respectively assessed with ELISA. As shown in Figures 3B,C, not only the basal levels but also the evoked levels of dopamine release were significantly increased compared to those in control groups. Thus, these DA neurons differentiated from forebrain-derived hNSCs in our defined culture system were DA-producing neurons and may serve as suitable cell sources for PD treatment.
hNSCs derived from forebrain can be expanded for long time as free-floating neurospheres and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Thus, we can get plenty of hNSCs by in vitro culture without losing their multipentcy. However, the low efficiency to generate functional dopamine neurons from forebrain-derived hNSCs limited their therapeutic potential as the donor cells. In the current study, we used a new culture condition, supplemented with PRX, BMP-7, and growth factors, to differentiate more DA neurons from the forebrain-derived hNSCs. We generated DA neurons with the expression of both TH and VMAT2, and these DA neurons were confirmed to release dopamine in cultures.
PRX is known to induce the expression of Nurr1 in SH-SY5Y cells. BMP-7 is confirmed to not only be involved in the expression of Ngn2 in mouse cortex neurons but also maintain the steady-state levels of Ngn2 transcripts in the developmental window between E14-15 (Segklia et al., 2012). As expected, both gene expression of Nurr1 and Ngn2 in differentiated hNSCs of forebrain origin were induced and augmented significantly using our defined culture condition compared to those in control groups (Figures 1A–C). Nurr1, an orphan nuclear receptor, is crucial for DA differentiation and maintenance, usually expressed in post-mitotic DA neuroblasts prior to TH expression. The expression of TH was also successfully induced after 24 h of differentiation under our new defined culture condition (Figure 1A). Our results suggest that the expression of Nurr1 may climb the steady peak before 24 h of differentiation, the Ngn2 may promote hNSCs to differentiate toward mature neurons, and over-expression of Nurr1 and Ngn2 in combination may generate morphologically mature TH- expressing neurons (Andersson et al., 2007). Consistent with the experimental data obtained from mesencephalic progenitors, TH- expressing neurons produced under our new defined culture condition have longer neuronal processes and fibers (Figures 2A–C).
TH is the enzyme that catalyzes the initial, rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, including DA, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Expression of TH alone is not sufficient to prove that the neurons are dopaminergic. VMAT2 is responsible for packaging newly synthesized or recaptured DA into the synaptic vesicles, and therefore controls the concentration and disposition of cytoplasmic DA within the nerve terminal. Thus, VMAT2 is a marker for mature and functional DA neurons. We did not find VMAT2-positive neurons at 24 h of differentiation but at 72 h of differentiation using our new defined culture condition (Figure 2D). DAT, as another marker for mature and functional DA neurons, plays a key role in terminating dopaminergic signaling and in maintaining a releasable pool of dopamine (German et al., 2015). DAT-positive neurons at 24 h of differentiation were not detected until at 72 h of differentiation by using our culture condition (Figure 2E). These data suggest that our new defined culture condition may have efficiently generated mature and functional DA neurons from forebrain-derived hNSCs. However, further studies are needed to assess the efficiency of the proposed protocol for long term differentiation of DA neurons, since the degree of DA differentiation showed after 72 h is quite limited.
The most important physiological aspect of functional DA neurons is the ability to synthesize and release DA neurotransmitter in response to membrane depolarization. In the current studies, ELISA was used to test the basal (DA neurotransmitter at resting status) and evoked (DA neurotransmitter release by responding to cell membrane depolarization) DA neurotransmitter release. As shown in Figures 3B,C, DA neurons produced by our protocol not only have the capability to synthesize DA but also release DA in response to membrane depolarization evoked by KCl than those obtained in control groups. Collectively, our results showed that the combined application of PRX and BMP-7 with growth factors in culture greatly promote the production of more DA-releasing neurons from forebrain-derived hNSCs.
HY peformed the experiment and wrote the manuscript. JW performed the PCR, ELISA and cell culture. FW, XL, and HC performed cell culture, cell differentiation, and immunocytochemistry. WD helped to designed the experiment. TQ designed the whole experiment and revised the manuscript.
This research is supported by grants of (1) DoD (PR100499P1), (2) The Boothroyd Foundation, USA, (3) 5150 Program of Jinan City, and (4) Taishan Oversea Scholars Program of Shandong Province, China to TQ.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Keywords: dopaminergic neurons, TH, forebrain-derived human neural stem cells, PRX, BMP-7, dopamine release
Citation: Yang H, Wang J, Wang F, Liu X, Chen H, Duan W and Qu T (2016) Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation from the Forebrain-Derived Human Neural Stem Cells Induced in Cultures by Using a Combination of BMP-7 and Pramipexole with Growth Factors. Front. Neural Circuits 10:29. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00029
Received: 03 September 2015; Accepted: 01 April 2016;
Published: 20 April 2016.
Edited by:Manuel S. Malmierca, University of Salamanca, Spain
Reviewed by:Massimiliano Caiazzo, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
Barry Hoffer, Case Western Reserve University, USA
Qi Lin Cao, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA
Copyright © 2016 Yang, Wang, Wang, Liu, Chen, Duan and Qu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: TingYu Qu, firstname.lastname@example.org
†These authors have contributed equally to this work.


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On 17 April 1980, Canadian film and television actress Alaina Huffman was born in Vancouver, Canada. She was 13 when she performed her lead role in Fox Family. She took part in modeling in Europe and Japan for the following years.
Leaving behind modeling, she went to Dallas with her family. In school, she started taking roles in a series of independent films. Later she moved to Los Angeles to begin her acting career. She is renowned as Maureen Bowers for the television series Painkiller Jane, Dinah Lance/Black Canary in the Smallville, and 1st Lt, Tv series.
She married John Huffman, and the couple have daughters Hanna and Charley-Jane and sons Elijah and Lincoln.
Biography and Body Statistics
Full name: Alaina Huffman
Date of Birth: 17 April 1980
Place of birth: Vancouver, Canada
Age: 41 years old
Net Worth: approx. $19 Million
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All about the body measurements of Alaina Huffman
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Weight: 57 kg
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Eye color: Blue
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text: Olly Moss will release some new art prints tomorrow, all inspired by his favorite kid-friendly RPG franchise. “Generation One Starters” is a series of three 5″ x 5″ giclees for $25 each. Just like the game, you can only choose one, multiple orders will be canceled. As a bonus, 100 Pikachu prints will be randomly included. These go up tomorrow (Wednesday, March 7th) at 5pm GMT (that’s 11am Central Time here). They will be available as a timed-edition for one hour. Visit his shop.


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Cubicle 7 have been teasing artwork for their upcoming release of The One Ring, Second Edition, and to my eye, it looks amazing.
Over on their website they have been posting regular updates showing off the artwork for the cover, interior, and the playable cultures, like this one, which shows off the Men of Minas Tirith, Hobbits of the Shire, and the High Elves of Rivendell.
The cover for the new edition looks fantastic, vibrant, full of action, and even includes a certain iconic wizard. The art piece was created by Johan Grenier, and is part of a larger piece, which can be seen here. Very cool, and even better, it ties in to a free adventure that will be released alongside the new edition.
Even more stunning that this though, is the cover and art for the Collectors Edition. It reminds me very much of the art and style of the very best hard cover versions of The Lord of Rings.
The Collectors edition comes in a slip case, and the whole production looks amazing. You can read about on Cubicle 7’s website here. The Collector’s Edition Cover is by Rachael Macken, and the map that is spot highlighted on the slipcase is by Jared Blando.
I have been thrilled to have had the opportunity to write for The One Ring Second Edition line, including contributing to The One Ring Starter Set, and the upcoming title Tales from Middle-earth. As a long time lover of the Lord of the Rings and Middle-earth, it has been a real thrill! That everything Cubicle 7 has shown off for the Second Edition looks so good is just icing on the cake!
All the images in this post are the property of Cubicle 7 ©

domain: hobby


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Soccer Glow Kingdom, which just opened in June, is the first facility in Canada to offer glow-in-the-dark soccer indoors. From the neon soccer field to the luminescent pool table and so much more, this is the perfect spot to celebrate your birthday!
In addition to soccer, you can also enjoy glow-in-the dark pool tables, giant wearable bubbles, foosball, and even a video game room!
It’s not just the venue that glows either! Glowing pinnies, soccer balls, cups, utensils, napkins, and balloons are also available.
Birthday (package 1)
The Super Package – $600 (+TAX)


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Percol Caffe Espresso instant Coffee.
I do like a nice cup of coffee in fact I rarely drink tea but love a nice strong robust coffee unfortunately this coffee certainly is not. It is claimed to be a taste of Italy believe me nothing could be further from the truth. It is described as being ... Read review
"...coloured jar with the words Percol printed in red on the front. According to Percol it is graded as a grade 6 coffee one being the mildest and 6 the strongest strength. It is said to be dark roasted with tasting notes of toffee and bitter chocolate.
I boiled up some water and placed two spoons of coffee into it then poured it into boiled milk. It certainly made the milk turn darkish brown but there was hardly any smell to the coffee. I really cannot ..."
Ciao members have rated this review on average: very helpful
(+) nice authentic earthy taste, good glass bottle, bold strength, good quality coffee hit, convenient (-) pricey for an instant coffee, and some might argue that the taste and feel of it is a bit bland


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At Lourdes Sports Medicine, we believe everyone is an athlete – whether on the turf, at home or at work. Our physicians have advanced and specialized training in both non-surgical and surgical management of all injuries – whether you're a weekend warrior, a pro athlete, an industrial athlete or someone who lives at the gym or enjoys a walk.
Our primary goal is to get you back to whatever it is you enjoy doing, as fast and safely as possible! We understand how important mobility and independence are. We know, because our entire team are athletes themselves or have been caring for athletes for many years!
The Lourdes Sports Medicine features a state-of-the-art Concussion Center and Running Lab. We are leading the way to bring the emerging field of Regenerative Medicine to the Southern Tier of NY. Regenerative Medicine includes Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) involving a technique that concentrates the few stem cells found in blood as well as other healing factors contained within platelets to promote faster and natural healing without the need for surgery in some cases. We use ultrasound for both diagnostic and therapeutic uses, which means you don’t always need expensive MRI scans or time consuming surgery & recovery. This technology uses sound waves to create images so you can have the peace of mind of not being exposed to any harmful radiation. Plus, it can be done right in our office with no special preparation or appointment.
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We offer all of our services in one central location to make it efficient and convenient for you. While we pride ourselves in caring for professional athletes, we understand the need for all people to have mobility to enjoy their lives to the maximum potential.
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Our services are always focused on managing your concerns in a manner that is best suited for your needs. We offer Ultrasound examinations that are a radiation-free way to examine the injured area. We have physicians with specialized and advanced training in minimally invasive procedures under Ultrasound guidance which may avoid surgery and allow you to return back to daily life sooner.
At Lourdes Sports Medicine, our team of doctors, athletic trainers, physical therapists and strength and conditioning coaches provide coverage to more teams and athletes than any other Sports Medicine provider in the Southern Tier. We care for athletes from 14 local schools in addition to the Binghamton Devils, Binghamton Rumble Ponies, Binghamton Barbarians Rugby League, Broome County Stallions, Dick’s Greater Binghamton Marathon and The Coal House Rail Trail among others.
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Lourdes Sports Medicine employs the most advanced trained physicians that are fellowship trained in Sports Medicine and Concussion Care. This is an additional one to two years of training learning about Sports Injuries and Concussions. This ensures you are receiving the most comprehensive and up-to-date care for your injury.
Lourdes Concussion Center also offers the most advanced neurologic tests and physical exams that allow us to identify key symptoms of your concussion and target those to allow you to get back to life as soon as possible. We also offer the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test that helps identify complicated concussions and can also be a useful tool to speed up your recovery.
We see patients from all ages and all walks of life. You could be an athlete who plays sports or an industrial athlete that works in a warehouse or factory.


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We're just back from my brother's 'weaving' (his preferred term for wedding) - here's the very happy couple, along with their daughter. The bride, my lovely sister-in-law, looked like a Grecian goddess :D
Here's the collage I made for them - it's Christmas Bells, in their 'wedding colours' and an Australian native. I framed it with a deep red matt and black frame - looked quite stunning if I do say so myself!
My missing camera memory card was found in dotter's room - I'm sure that Lulu put it there... what she was doing mucking about with my camera we'll never know!


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domain: medical


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Grant to Improve Nutrition Outcomes through Optimized Agricultural Interventions
The Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN) and its consortium partners announce a USD 16 Million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to implement the “Improving Nutrition Outcomes through Optimized Agricultural Interventions (ATONU)” project. This project seeks to improve nutrition outcomes in smallholder farm families and poor households through tailored nutrition sensitive agriculture programs that ultimately benefit women of child bearing age and children in the first 1000 days of life.
Redressing the high burden of under nutrition and stunting in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is critical. Under-nutrition is an underlying cause of nearly half of the deaths in children under-five years of age in Africa and Asia. The largely irreversible damage of infant/early childhood under-nutrition on growth and cognitive functions impairs human productivity, and could lead to a reduction of at least 8% in a nation’s economic advancement.
A major emphasis of the ATONU project will be women’s empowerment. Some 80% of food produced in Africa passes through the hands of women, yet they often have limited decision-making authority about what to grow, what to sell, and how to spend household income. Research has shown that when women are empowered to make such decisions, children’s education, health and nutrition improve. Therefore, women’s empowerment will be a central concern across the project.
The ATONU project will provide technical assistance to integrate tailored nutrition interventions into planned and ongoing agricultural investments through (i) generating tools and frameworks for diagnosing the opportunities to incorporate tailored nutrition interventions into agriculture investments; (ii) offering technical assistance for designing, testing, and rigorously monitoring and evaluating results of the tailored nutrition interventions (proof of concept); (iii) documenting and disseminating best practices and evidence and adding to the agriculture for nutrition knowledge base; (iv) advocating for evidence-based decision making at all levels; and (v) strengthening African capacity and building a community of practice in agriculture for improved nutrition. The impact will be that smallholder farm families and poor households will have access not only to more food but also to a wide variety of safe and nutritious foods.
More background information from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation:
- Agricultural Development Optimizing Nutrition Outcomes from Investments in Agriculture
- Request for letters of inquiry Improving Nutrition Outcomes through Optimized Agricultural Interventions

domain: agronomy