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A23 Online Rummy Most Rewarding Rummy Site in India
A23, India's leading Online Rummy Gaming Platform, provides millions of users with a world-class rummy card game play experience. Play free and real money rummy against people from all around India. Begin by participating in heart-pounding tournaments with large prize pools. Among the most popular games on the site is Indian Rummy, also known as 13-card rummy. Play Indian Classical rummy online for the most pleasure and satisfaction, and earn daily cash rewards. Play Rummy Online with 13 cards wherever and whenever you want.
Online Rummy is fun on A23:
In India, rummy is perhaps the most prominent card game. Since the dawn of time, it's been a well-known and engaging source of amusement for enthusiasts. Every rummy variant's e...
Indian Rummy Online: Enjoy Playing Rummy Card Games on A23
Indian Rummy is one of the oldest and most popular card games in the country. Indian Rummy Online, like most other card games, was an indoor game until technology improvements such as the internet, websites, applications, and so on. The classic Indian Rummy is now available online, thanks to current innovations in online gaming. Because it is simple to learn, entertaining, and captivating, this game has taken the internet world by storm.
Rummy is a skill-based game:
It is a common misconception that luck is important in rummy games. 13 Card Indian Rummy is a game that necessitates a certain level of concentration, memory, and decision-making. To master Indian Rummy Online, you'll need all of these abilities. In 13 Card ...
A23 Online Rummy Games - Promises Best Online Gaming Experience with Big Cash Rewards!
A23 enjoys the repute of being the most trusted and used online rummy sites in the country with a huge user base of more than 22 Million+ Rummy admirers. Players from almost all parts of the country can register on the site and start playing in heart thumping tournaments that have big prize money at stake. Indian rummy or 13 card rummy is one of the most played games on the portal and the cash winning amount is also huge, this is what makes gaming real fun and exciting. Players can have an enjoyable 13 card rummy gaming session as per their comfort, as and when they want.
A23(Ace2Three) Online Rummy- Few Interesting Facts Explained:

domain: hobby


"MSG 2 - The Messenger", which carries some unsavoury remarks against tribals and those who live in jungles, was banned in Madhya Pradesh on Friday.
ALSO READ: FINALLY! ‘MSG 2′ Starring Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Releases In Punjab
The screening of the film is already banned in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
Anupam Rajan, spokesperson for the Madhya Pradesh government, told that the decision to ban screening of the Dera Sacha Sauda sect head Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh's movie 'MSG-2 The Messenger' was taken in the light of remarks on tribals in the film.


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Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS)
The Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree is a five year programme in the UK for undergraduate entry. At Aberdeen we run a graduate entry pathway which allows for direct entry into year 2 and the programme is then completed in four years. With only 20 places available each year, applicants to Aberdeen must demonstrate that their prior formal qualifications have covered relevant biomedical subjects. Within the programme students undertake both academic study and practical patient care. Patient care is introduced early and under close supervision from experienced clinicians. 100% of our graduates have gone on to find employment after graduation.

domain: medical


“Don’t start too many things – do fewer, bigger, better things!” -Roel de Vries
As Nissan’s Global Head of Brand and Marketing, Roel de Vries knows a thing or two about going big and bold. It’s only one of the reasons why the Japanese manufacturer has become one of the world’s fastest growing automotive brands. In this month’ edition of ‘Don’t Panic!’ he shares some of his secrets and explains what it takes to anticipate trends, open yourself up to innovative collaborations, and how data analytics is increasingly making sure your brand remains relevant.
Curious to learn more? Download the third ‘Don’t Panic!’ interview.


Preheater is a general term to describe any device designed to preheat the combustion air used in a fuel-burning furnace for the purpose of increasing the thermal efficiency of the furnace. The combustion air preheaters are used for the large fuel-burning furnaces used to generate steam in thermal power plants. The air preheater increases the steam generator's thermal efficiency by preheating the combustion air with heat recovered from the hot combustion flue gases.
The two most often used categories of preheaters in thermal power plants are regenerative air preheaters and tubular air preheaters.
Regenerative air preheaters
Regenerative air preheaters are special types of heat exchangers designed to recover or reclaim heat in order to reuse or recycle it.
Rotating-plate regenerative air preheater
The rotating-plate air preheater (RAPH) consists of a central rotating-plate element installed within a casing that is divided into sectors.
- Preheating of both lube oil and coolant for engines of all sizes
- External and internal immersion coolant heaters
- Convection circulation and pump circulation
- Heating of coolant, lube oil, and diesel fuel for layover periods to ensure easy start
- Heating of fuel oil for standby units such as generator sets to ensure reliable start
- Industrial, marine, railroad, and on-road applications
- Heating of hydraulic, transmission, and industrial oils
- Controls and accessories
- Hazardous locations (Class I Group D) and weather tight
- Battery warmers and thermal pads
Preheater process has got many advantages such as: Good preheat effect, suitable for any cement raw materials, not easy to be damaged and blocked up, materials fed into the kiln easily to be separated, and the system is well sealed up.


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Jeje is a dance track that featured Tekno Rara And omega really locked the beat up. Jeje Mon Se Faaji Ayeopemeji. It is produced by Kezyclef and Mixed By Atila .
Naijadjomega is the best disk jockey Nigeria has ever had. So far He is a musician,Dj ,producer and a promoter.He is all entertainment ..building his career jejely.
Download, SHare & Enjoy

domain: artistic


text: Despite the impression you might get from the slightly smug postscript here, Rothman is hardly the first writer to take Hitchcock seriously--to see his films as meditations on ""the problems of human identity"" or as explorations of the film medium, the ""nature of viewing."" And Rothman's critical approach--heavy on film-maker as ""author""--perhaps assumes too much conscious thematic manipulation by the undeniably meticulous Hitchcock. Those reservations notwithstanding, however, this dense volume, which offers shot-by-shot ""readings"" of five major Hitchcock works, is a valuable addition to the admirable branch of film criticism--humanistic, eclectic, un-jargoned--best exemplified by Stanley Cavell (Rothman's apparent mentor) in his recent Pursuits of Happiness. The five: the 1926 silent The Lodger; Murderl; The Thirty-Nine Steps; Shadow of a Doubt; Psycho--an arguably representative group, though Rothman acknowledges the Dating absence of a 1950s, in-color masterpiece like Rear Window. (References to the whole canon do bridge the chapters.) And each film is verbally experienced, moment by moment (20 pages on the Psycho shower scene alone), with special attention to: audience/character identification; camera point-of-view; sexual imagery and innuendo; the taut relationship between the film ""author"" and the audience (erotic, potentially violent); and ironic textures. But though this relentless close-up certainly can become claustrophobic--especially with the theater-vs.-film esthetics in Murder!--Rothman also emphasizes Hitchcock's humanity, making a modestly persuasive case against the image of Hitchcock-the-crual-cynic; and, like Cavell, Rothman shows a feel for the complex on-screen impact of star personalities--in the sort of shrewd analysis (re Robert Donat and Cary Grant) that nicely complements Pauline Kael's more visceral star-appreciations. An important book for Hitchcock students, then (best, perhaps, on Shadow of a Doubt)--but also, in its approach and at certain moments, of wider film-studies interest.


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You may see many herbs and supplements that claim to help sexual performance or desire. However, none have been proven to successfully treat ED. Plus, they may not always be safe. DO NOT take anything without talking with your provider first.
Subnormal testosterone levels have also been observed in patients with diabetes and this is thought to be either autoimmune or a result of low levels of sex hormone binding globulin secondary to insulin resistance.53 .
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Performance
A healthy nervous system that conducts nerve impulses in the brain, spinal column, and penisHealthy arteries in and near the corpora cavernosa that when stimulated can bring increased blood flow into the penisHealthy muscles and fibrous tissues within the corpora cavernosa, which can distend to allow the penis to fill with bloodAdequate levels of nitric oxide in the penisNormal-functioning tunica albuginea that allows for compression of the veinsAppropriate psychosocial interactions
The link between chronic disease and ED is most striking for diabetes. Men with diabetes are two to three times more likely to have erectile dysfunction. And it could start 10 to 15 years earlier. But blood sugar control can lower this risk. Any condition that affects the way blood flows through your body could lead to ED. This includes cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), kidney disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Skip to main content Search the NHS website Search Home Health A to Z Back to Health A to Z
Correspondence: Abdalla Ibrahim, Cardiology Department, University Hospital Limerick, St Nessan’s Road, Dooradoyle, Co. Limerick V94 F858, Ireland. E: [email protected]
There are several areas of the brain involved in sexual behavior and erections. In psychogenic ED, the brain may send messages that prevent (inhibit) erections or psychogenic ED may be related to the body's response to stressors and the release of chemicals (catecholamines) that tighten the penile muscles, preventing them from relaxing.
Buzzing NowTrending‘Well done, Jaskaran Singh': 22-year-old student wins ‘Jeopardy’ championshipTrendingFossil of giant flying reptile discovered in ScotlandTrending‘Magnusificent Taste’: Amul celebrates chess prodigy Praggnanandhaa’s win over World No 1 Magnus CarlsenTrending'But, why?': Video of Maggi pani puri causes intense cringe onlineTrendingStreaming platform asks people to explain movie plots in 5 words. Replies are amazing Feb 23: Latest News A day before budget, activists begin indefinite dharna demanding accountability lawDelhi to get woman bus drivers by AprilInflammatory speech: EC bans BJP candidate in UP from giving public statements for 24 hoursAs Keshav Maurya faces a high-stakes battle, caste equations hold keyProtest against hijab-clad students at Varachha school, 12 VHP activists detainedMumbai City beat SC East Bengal 1-0 to make top-four returnRupani govt changed land zoning for Sahara: CongressUK government wants Champions League final moved from RussiaFilm actor arrested in Karnataka over his remarks on a judge hearing hijab petitionsUAE and Ireland qualify for ICC T20 World Cup
He added: 'Pelvic floor exercises to prevent ED and PE are a non-invasive and a cheaper option than traditional methods.
A variety of testosterone therapies are available, including oral, topical (gel, spray, patch), intramuscular, and pellets. Patient should review the advantages and disadvantages of each of these with a physician, as well as the health risks and benefits of testosterone therapy.
A lot goes into achieving an erection. When you're turned on, nerves fire in your brain. Blood then flows into your penis. If all goes well, you’re ready for sex.
Alpha Wave’s SwissWave Protocol (acoustical wave therapy) uses a Swiss-made medical device cleared by the FDA for use on the human body as a massage device for soft tissue repair and improved blood flow, among other uses. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of Alpha Wave (acoustical wave therapy) for the treatment of ED. Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells (ADRC) Therapy for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum Injection U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-Approved Indications Xiaflex (collagenase clostridium histolyticum) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Dupuytren’s contracture with a palpable cord. Xiaflex (collagenase clostridium histolyticum) is indicated for the treatment of adult men with Peyronie’s disease with a palpable plaque and curvature deformity of at least 30 degrees at the start of therapy.
Your private physical examination happens with an ED specialist in a confidential men’s health clinic. Your blood pressure will be checked. Your testicles and penis will be examined, and a brief rectal exam may be recommended to check your prostate health.
This book works because every piece of advice we provide has a simple anatomical or biological explanation, and all that's asked of you is to put in a little bit of physical exercise to get the result you want. There are no magical solutions here. You are required to learn the precise techniques for performing these exercises, follow our holistically designed workout routines, make a few specific lifestyle changes, and in the end, your penis function will be better than ever.
To ensure any lifestyle changes are sustainable and realistic, start slow and work your way up.
Low testosterone levels. This can make it difficult to get an erection. It can also reduce a man's sex drive.Nerve damage from prostate surgery.Nicotine, alcohol, or cocaine use.Spinal cord injury.


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Originally released back in 1983 by Beat The System / Lightbeat Records. This copy is limited to 25 copies and hand numbered with different artwork on the cover. This is the "Crowd and Police" cover.
ANTISOCIAL Official Hooligan EP "Crowd & Police" Cover (Lim.25 copie
Battle Scarred Skinheads


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Death Threat Limited Box
LIMITED EDITION BOX
299 COPIES – LAST COPIES!
CONTAINS: CD, POSTCARD, STICKER, SKULL PENDANT
MINI 3″ CD (with two remixes by Bahntier and Ketvector)
Out of stock
The legendary industrial dance pioneers from Chicago's Wax-Trax era are back with the brand new album, "Death Threat".
TKK continues to challenge today's alternative music scenes, pushing it's boundaries with their unique style and rebellious attitude. Each album is different from the last, a trip in a new direction as the band likes to "stir it up", always creating a potent sex-and-drugs laden cocktail of what can best be described as an industrial-disco-punk-glam-sleaze-rock extravaganza. Having been credited with influencing a wide spectrum of today's contemporary artists everywhere from Marilyn Manson to the Scissor Sisters, they succeeded in creating the quintessential modern dance sound, frenetic and wild. Accompanied by the Bomb Gang Girlz, the Kult's very own chorus of sultry seductresses and go-go dancers, they create a world inspired by tabloid headlines, B-movie ethos, and sexually ambiguous decadence.
Death Threat marks a return to the heavy and dark sound of Kult's earlier years, calling to mind the classic albums Confessionsof a Knife and 13 Above the Night, along with their modernized dance sensibilities. A release absolutely not to be missed, and one of this years most anticipated albums.
2. Invasion (of the ultra modelz)
3. Death Threat
4. SpotLite Hooker
5. Lone Road
6. Who R U now?
7. Foxxxy Rockit
8. The Ultimate Nude
9. Bottoms Up
10. Psychik Yoga
BONUS MINI CD
1. Invasion (Of the Ultra Modelz) KETVECTOR Remix
2. Death Threat BAHNTIER Remix

domain: entertainment


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Following on from our previous blog last November in relation to defective speed limit signs on the variable speed limits between Junctions 7 and 9 of the M42 and M6 toll road, the Police and Crown Prosecution Service have since decided to withdraw all pending prosecutions relating to alleged speeding offences that had taken place on this section of road up to 27 November 2012 . The decision was taken after it accepted that speed limit signs in place did not comply with the necessary regulations prior to that date.
So what about all those drivers who have been convicted of speeding offences on this section of the road during the same period? There are likely to thousands of drivers who, in good faith, have accepted fixed penalties or pleaded guilty in the Magistrates’ Court to speeding offences whilst completely unaware of the fact that the convictions were unlawful due to the defective speed limit signs.
Warwickshire Police has confirmed that, following legal advice, it has taken the view that it should have no impact on speeding cases dealt with by a guilty plea at the Magistrates’ Court or upon Conditional Offers of Fixed Penalty which have been accepted. However, the point was argued at Leamington Spa Crown Court on 22 March 2012 when the Crown Prosecution Service was represented by Andrew Perry of Road Safety Support Ltd (the police’s specialist “dream team” of speeding offence lawyers). Mr Perry argued that, in spite of the decision to withdraw all pending speeding prosecutions affected by the issue last year, the defective signage was of little consequence and the Courts should not reopen previous cases. It appeared that the prosecution was trying to “have its cake and eat it” by agreeing that the signage was defective and withdrawing pending prosecutions but also opposing the re-opening of speeding convictions that had already been through the Court before the issue came to light. His Honour Judge Orme ruled against the prosecution, stating that it was being necessarily awkward and pointing out the obvious unfairness caused by the position it had adopted. The Judge ruled that it would be unfair to deny those who had been wrongfully convicted the opportunity to apply to reopen their cases.
Over the last few months we have successfully defended numerous cases involving this issue and received enquiries from people who believe they may have been wrongfully prosecuted. If you believe you fall into this category and would like to discuss the possibility of applying to reopen your case call our office now on 0161 241 3322 or 08004334678.

domain: news


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, or "Book in the Dun Cow," was compiled about 1100; it contains probably the most historic surviving collection of your aged romances, along with A great deal other product.
At first these festivals were the provincial assemblies with the independent provinces of Munster, Connacht, and Ulster, but they appear to have assumed a far more typical character Using the readjustment with the provinces to form The brand new province of Meath. Ossory or Southern Leinster retained its have vital reasonable of Carmen, which was divided into three areas, "a market place of foods, a market place of Stay inventory, and a terrific marketplace of overseas items." It is said to are attended by Greeks, bartering gold and splendid apparel.
Of these retailers a good proportion arrived from Bristol, several of them starting to be free citizens amongst 1225 and 1250, and holding posts of distinction for example Individuals of Provost and Mayor of Dublin. As time went on, the old Scandinavian inhabitants ended up pushed out, and they settled on the north aspect from the Liffey within a suburb which grew to become called Villa Ostmannorum (later on corrupted into Oxmantown), similar settlements currently being manufactured in Cork, Waterford, and Limerick, as the English colony improved in quantity in these metropolitan areas. Nevertheless They're rarely named in charters, they kept a company hold over trade, and they ended up involved by King John within an inquiry held in Dublin in 1215.
It had been purely natural that two men so as opposed to as FitzAudelin and de Courcy must not agree perfectly jointly. The guile and smooth speech in the Governor, without delay a bully plus a coward, revolted the blunt soldier, and he determined to carve out an unbiased profession for himself. Recalling Henry's previous grant to him of Ulster "if he could take it," he gathered all-around him a little bit band of twenty-two Gentlemen-at-arms and three hundred common soldiers, who have been complaining inside the garrison of Dublin of want of pay out and provisions, and boldly established out on his raid on Ulster. The try to pressure his way into a rustic which had hitherto resisted all endeavours with the English to established foot in it, and which had managed an unbiased position even within the indigenous wars, seemed like an act of knight-errantry, but Despite its hardihood it had been destined to realize success.
The annals from the eleventh and twelfth generations provide a lamentable account of the overall condition from the region, especially in the North and West. There was no sanctity for church or abbot; abbots have been killed within the doorway of their own individual monasteries, and churches and spherical towers whole of people were being ruthlessly fired when they stood in The trail of the passing physique of troops. The sanctity of oaths, even though sworn on probably the most sacred objects, was disregarded, and men had been killed by treachery and guile even if placed underneath the Distinctive defense from the clergy. The different states ended up at continual war with each other, plus the uncertainty of succession on the chieftainship opened the best way for interminable broils inside the restrictions of every condition. Amid the many aspirants within the exact spouse and children who were being roughly eligible for election to the chieftainship by far the most sanguinary wars arose, all the greater embittered because the warfare was amongst Gentlemen of exactly the same kith and kin. Even once the introduction of tanistry, by which the successor was selected through the reigning chief and regarded because of the persons all through his lifetime—a technique meant to place an end to those tribal disputes—personal ambition or force of character continued to disturb the regularity of the succession.
In all cases alike the disposal of ecclesiastical dignities was claimed because of the Crown. Despite authorized statutes, licences had usually for being granted to Irish clerks owing to The dearth of sufficient clergy within the Pale, it becoming unattainable to induce monks to come back over from England from the essential figures. A lot of the bishops elected in no way went around for their dioceses in any respect, or speedily returned to England if they had frequented them. The Church fell right into a miserable problem for want of clergy; even in Dublin, at St Patrick's Cathedral, vespers needed to be given up for not enough officiating clergymen. In 1565 the Privy Council complained that "as for faith, You can find but little physical appearance of it; the churches uncovered as well as clergy scattered, and scarce the getting of the God identified.
It was not simply in classical scientific tests that Irishmen of the ninth century stood while in the forefront in the familiarity with their time. They were being also geographers and mathematicians. Fergal, or Virgil, of Salzburg has the double track record of staying a Trainer of geometry in addition to a missionary.
Down was an essential ecclesiastical centre, the burial-area, as was normally supposed, not simply of St Patrick, but of St Brigit and St Columcille. It was the capital of Eastern Ulster, and quite independent of your princedoms of Tyrone and Tyrconnel. Its cathedral stood on a peak, and below lay the marshlands on the river Quoile, west of Strangford Lough. At this time of de Courcy's raid the Papal legate, Vivianus, experienced arrived in the town from Scotland as well as the Isle of Person. He attempted mediation involving the combatants, but, all initiatives failing, he encouraged the Irish to struggle for his or her indigenous land and heartened them together with his blessing and prayers. So encouraged, the King of East Ulster despatched to all elements to assemble forces. In just 8 times ten thousand warlike Gentlemen collected round him, the Guys with the North becoming, as Gerald says, more truculent than Individuals of the South. Distrusting the weak fort which was all the defence town supplied, de Courcy descended on the swampy marshes near the seashore. The struggle ought to are already fought almost on exactly the same location as that on which King Magnus Barelegs fell seventy-4 decades just before. A wonderful struggle ensued. John was found on each A part of the sector with flourished sword, "with a person stroke lopping off heads, with another arms." As Together with the Norse in the earlier fight of Down, the large multitudes with the Irish troops located it tricky to manoeuvre within the slender dykes among the bogs, and fantastic quantities fell because they tried to make their escape alongside the shore; they sank while in the quicksands as their pursuers pressed them forward additional resources by means of drinking water dyed with blood.
Aged Matthew Paris writes: "The case of historic writers is hard; for should they tell the reality they provoke Guys, and should they create what is fake, they offend God." Of all histories this dictum is perhaps most real of Irish history, that has been examined alternatively with regards to current-working day political issues than in terms of genuine retrospect. Probably the most urgent of those political troubles obtaining been, up to a recent minute, the relations of England towards Eire, this A part of the historical past has to a specific extent, even though normally with Significantly prejudice, been handled by all writers on Ireland; but the disorders on the country under indigenous rule have already been much more inadequately examined. It is taken Just about without any consideration by patriotic writers that native Ireland was having fun with a Golden Age from which she was rudely awakened via the irruption from the English, who, in destroying it, put as an alternative a ruthless despotism, growing in severity from age to age There is why not check here no far more exacting problem than that from the rule of a dependency by an outside ability; As well as in learning this issue, as Lecky really claims, "Irish historical past possesses an fascination of the best purchase...In only a few histories can we trace so Plainly the effects of political and social situation in forming countrywide character, the calamity of missed alternatives and of fluctuating and procrastinating coverage; the folly of making an attempt to govern by exactly the same methods and institutions nations that are wholly different within their character as well as their civilization." [one] The problem was a lot more complicated than modern writers allow; the circumstances in Eire itself account for Considerably; and it is maybe since the concept of a Golden Age breaks down upon closer review that the internal heritage in the place, as exhibited in its personal annals, has become scrupulously averted by Irish writers nervous to lay all of the blame of misgovernment upon forces over which Ireland experienced no Regulate.
distinctly assert that he took component in the struggle, and which the enemy forces "had been afterward routed by dint of battling, bravery, and striking by Malaughlan from the river Tolka and Finglas to Dublin towards the foreigners and Leinstermen." The Annals of Ulster
It had been in the last yr of Richard Plantagenet's life which the Irish Parliament, sitting beneath his presidency, produced an exertion to enlarge its unbiased powers. Inside the later on decades of your reign of Edward III the customers experienced claimed the privilege of refusing to send representatives to England on the demand of your sovereign, and had protested "the legal rights, privileges, and usages which the Lords and Commons with the time of the conquest on the land of Eire had possessed and liked."  Now, in 1460, stimulated by the Duke's news presence, and strengthened with the memory in their late companies to the Crown, they manufactured a further move in asserting their liberties. The Commons affirmed that Eire, staying company in itself, was "sure only by these types of legislation as being the Parliament or Wonderful Councils of Eire by itself held, approved, and proclaimed." It was the very first clear enunciation from the theory of Irish Parliamentary independence, said in unmistakable language.
Among people who accompanied Richard II on his expedition to Eire was the young Duke of Lancaster, afterward to be king as Henry V; he had been knighted by Richard amid the blazing woods of Leinster. He was covered with disgrace and distress if the account of his father's rebellion was brought to him, but however he was held in light-weight confinement in Trim Castle being a hostage for his father, the good relations involving him and Richard tend not to appear to have been disturbed. His to start with act on his accession was to pay funeral honours into the continues to be of your murdered king.
of which We've got spoken, which was found out from the Vatican Library by Cardinal Mai. He was not simply a man of Outstanding erudition and versatility, but he was also a graceful Latin poet.
was almost certainly published there. There should have been an in depth library in the monastery, for Tighernach estimates freely from Latin authors and also from Irish and British authorities.

domain: history


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It has proven that the relation between the pet dogs and their owner is like a companionship from lots of research. There are many personalities of a pet dog towards the owner, and rubbing its body is one of them.
Now, those new to these pet care activities can get amused seeing their dog rubbing its body on you. You pass your day thinking of “Why does my dog rub his body on me.” The main reason is its affection or to feel safer to you.
But its reason doesn’t end only with these two factors. Researchers have found many key factors behind this activity. Through this guide, you will get to know about all of them.
Signs of Affection From Your Dog
A lot of people who have dogs know how important it is to show their dog affection and love in return, especially if you live with one of the large-breed dogs that require more time and attention. But what are signs your dog might be feeling affection for you? Here are some common signs:
Rolling on the ground or on top of a person is a way your dog can indicate affection. You might have taught this, or it’s just something they do instinctively, but they’re not necessarily saying it’s what they want to do.
Another sign of affection is your dog leaning against you. This is common among dogs, and they’re doing it to get your attention. It’s a kind of “I need help from you” or “I want to be near you.”
Many dogs will jump, lick or act silly to get attention. Whether it’s a play-action or a threat, it’s another way your dog is showing affection.
Unless your dog licks you to try and get food, it’s a sign of affection. If he keeps doing it, you might be able to tell he’s being affectionate and wants your attention. It also helps show them trust and comfort.
Staring into your eyes can be a sign of affection. It’s a way they show you they trust you, and it can happen the first time they see you or the fiftieth.
If your dog rubs against you, it means he likes to be near you. Most dogs will do this to get attention or because they feel comfortable around you.
Why Does My Dog Rub His Body On Me – All The Signs You Need To Understand?
There are many reasons for being rubbing his body on you. The expert will easily understand that it is due to attention, being anxious, being protective, etc. But what are the signs before doing that is your answer. You will get to know about everything in this context.
For Reward Purposes
When you own a pet dog, the first thing that comes is to play with it. At its older age, most of us use it for our assistance. So, you give something in return for your work. This can be one of the signs of its rubbing activity.
The pet dog thinks he is getting a reward for doing his job. To get more rewards, he starts rubbing his body on you. This purpose often occurs at an earlier stage because we always try to make him put things from here to our house.
To Feel Adorable
One of the cutest purposes for rubbing the body is to bring affection towards you. It seems to be liking you. The pet dog wants to play with you. He wants you to shake your hands smoothly all over its body.
To get that adorable feeling, he starts rubbing his body on you. He seeks your attention for him. The pet dogs are also clever enough to understand this thing. This adorable personality makes him rubbing his body on you.
Apprehensive To Any Strange Things
Pet dogs are different from road dogs. They are not so aggressive as the road ones. So, they create a fear in them from suddenly occur strange things. It makes them more apprehensive of any other objects or animals.
This personality makes them rub their body on you. It gives him a feeling of being safer to you. Sudden noise can also make them rub their body over you. Thus, strange and fearful feelings can make your dog rubbing on you.
To Be Defended
Dogs are accessible with a group of other dogs or people. Pet dogs are susceptible. But they can also stay with lots of other dogs. In that situation, if it starts rubbing its body on you, then the primary purpose is to make other feel defended.
Sometimes in a group of dogs, the barking may start at any time. But your pet dog will rub its body on you, thinking of getting in the safe zone. Not only that, in front of many people, it starts rubbing you to take itself in the safe zone.
In Need Of Anything
Pet dogs are used to getting things. When you play with them using toys, they always want to get that thing from you. It makes them entertained. In this case, when the dog start rubbing its body on you, then it is sure that he wants something from you.
We have also seen that most dogs stop rubbing their bodies if you give them their food. So, it may sometimes happen for its feeding time. Thus, it starts rubbing its body on you in need of anything.
The Misconception About Dog Owners About Rubbing Activity
A common misconception is often seen in the pet owners after the rubbing of a dog on their body, which we will discuss below.
Most of the time, people think that behind the activity, the dog is their slave. But they are wrong in this case. There is a significant difference between a pet dog and a trained dog. Both of their situations and experiences are different.
Rubbing his head on you does not make you the master. Pet dogs are not dominant to their owners. If you are thinking of dominant dogs, take them to a training academy. In general, rubbing his body on you means kindness, rewards, etc., that we have discussed earlier.
Some cases seem to be expected but have an exception in the way of a dog doing it. Let us see about those situations.
Observing The Rubbing Of Dogs With Other Objects
In some situations, you will observe that the dog is rubbing on you and other objects. It may make you feel like it wants something or wants to get a shake of your hands on its body.
This is the case where dogs do it naturally. They are habited in rubbing their bodies all the time. So, it is an exceptional case and happens often. Pet dogs are more of rubbing their bodies than road dogs.
Don’t Like To Go For Other Dogs
Another interesting case occurs when your dog watches you shake your hands on other pet dogs. To resist your work, it starts rubbing its body on you. There happens a kind of shellfish feeling in that dog.
How To Understand The Purpose Of Rubbing Its Body On You?
Base on body language and timings, you can quickly understand the purpose of rubbing. Those are discussed below in detail.
From Its Body Language
While your dog stop is rubbing his body on you after providing food, then its purpose of rubbing was hungry. If you see that in the relaxed position, it rubs its body, then the purpose of it was to get affection from you.
The purpose of rubbing due to fear is easily understandable because some strange things will fall in your eye. If your dog stops rubbing after giving something due to its work immediately, then it is intended to achieve the reward from you.
Based On Situations
You pet dogs rub your body on some small timing that you can often feel quickly. If you are away from your dog for a long time and return home, then you will see that it starts rubbing its body. This happens because it missed everything you do with it.
Again, at the time of going out, you will observe it does not stops rubbing his body from you. It means that he does not want you to leave him. This case shows that pet dogs are kind.
Is It Good Or Bad?
Rubbing your body on you is not harmful unless it becomes addicted to getting food or rewards. If you see your dog, do it all the time, then after one time, it may become aggressive due to an inevitable stoppage.
It is a good sign to rub his body on you because it raises a good bonding between you and him. Limit is what you should consider in this case.
Reasons Why Your Dog Rubs Against You
When a dog is happy and playful, it will often rub or lick against people or other dogs. This is one of the most common forms of communication between dogs and humans. Here are some common reasons why your dog rubs against you –
To Feel Safe and Secure
Dogs rub against people in order to make themselves feel safer. They are making their scent stronger everywhere, including on you, and this is a way of feeling more secure. Dogs that have been severely abused know that they need to do this to feel safe.
To Show Submission
Rubbing is also a way of showing submission. When the dog rubs against you, it is showing that it wants to be friends and not enemies with you. Dogs will often rub against their masters in order to acknowledge them as alpha. Rubbing can also be a form of greeting, and the dog will do it to show its affection for you, as well as in an attempt to make friends with you.
Soreness or Itchy Skin
Your dog may also rub against you because it is sore or just itchy. Sores and rashes are common in dogs, especially dogs that have a lot of skin issues, so your pet may be rubbing against you to ease these issues.
To show Affection
Your dog may also rub against you to show affection. Sometimes a dog will rub against its owner because it is lonely and doesn’t have anything else to do. In this case, it’s not just about feeling secure but also about making friends.
Why Did the Dog Drag His Hind Legs and Abdomen to The Floor?
A dog’s rear legs may drag if its spine has been injured. The spinal cord may get damaged as a result of accidents, falls, or physical abuse. Bone inflammation is known as osteomyelitis. Inflammation in the dog’s body is brought on by a bacterial or fungal infection.
The inflammation is most severe in the hind legs. If the inflammation occurs in other parts of the dog’s body, more serious problems may occur.
The dog will be limping on all front two legs. The dog may show distress when it walks or gets up after lying down. The pet will move slowly and drag its rear end to one side or the other when walking. The dog may try to drag its rear end to one side with each step it takes.
Reasons Dogs Expose Their Belly
Dogs show their belly as a form of submission, but it can also be a sign of excitement or trust. Here are some common reasons why dogs expose their belly-
When people pet a dog’s tummy, the dog is submitting to them and showing that they don’t want to give aggression. This is something that dogs do with other animals and humans in order to be submissive or vulnerable.
A dog showing you their belly for attention is basically a request for you to pet them. In most cases, the dog will wag their tail as well and look up to you in order to encourage this attention.
Dogs that are excited sometimes show their stomachs because it is a sign of submission that the dog wants to play with another animal or human.
For Belly Rub
It’s a sign of trust. As humans, we are accustomed to petting people’s bellies. It helps us show our affection and protectiveness to the body that hosts us.
Pet dogs are always a better companion than any other pet. They are workable and protects you from small incidents. Rubbing their body on you is a natural activity and one of the awesome personalities of pet dogs.
We hope that you already understood from this article, “why does my dog rub his body on me.” After going through it, you won’t be confused about your dog’s activity.
1.Why Does My Dog Rub His Face After Eating?
Ans: After meals, dogs often rub their faces to clean their muzzles. When anything gets lodged in their snout, they sometimes experience pain. They wipe their faces to remove them and feel comfortable.
2.What Does It Mean When A Dog Rubs His Body On You?
Ans: To show their affection, some dogs may be merely rubbing up against you. Your dog may also display other amorous traits, such as exposing his tummy for a nice belly massage. Additionally, you could get it more often while sitting or lying down.
3.Why Do Dogs Rub Themselves On Furniture After A Bath?
Ans: After a shower, dogs may quickly regain some of their particular smell by rolling about and rubbing against everything in the home. After all, they worked hard for a time to develop such a distinctive aroma, and now you’ve undone all of their efforts.
4.Why Does My Dog Rub His Body Against The Wall?
Ans: Most dogs will rub up against walls to establish their territory with smell or to soothe an itch. There is nothing to worry about if this occurs sometimes. But if your dog keeps rubbing up against the walls, it can be an indication of tension, stress, restlessness, or even an injury.
5.Why Does My Dog Roll on My Bath Towel or Clothes?
Ans: When your dog has a bath, you may discover that it likes to roll about on your towels. This is just a sign that your dog is feeling refreshed and happy. Your dog will feel refreshed after a wash and will have plenty of enthusiasm afterward.

domain: pet


Departmental works lagging woefully behind for safe drinking water supply, removal of arsenic & fluoride contamination and toilet construction
BY OUR STAFF REPORTER
GUWAHATI, March 20: The Public Health Engineering (PHE) department plays a crucial role in survey, investigation, preparation and execution of water supply schemes for towns and villages, and also execution of rural sanitation schemes. But the department is still lagging behind in fulfilling its objectives due to fund crunch and callousness of a section of its officials.
The targets set up by the PHE department in water and sanitation sectors to be achieved before the end of the current fiscal (2016-17) now seem an impossible task with only a few days left for this financial year to end.
There has been little change in the poor work culture of the PHE department despite the BJP-led coalition taking charge at Dispur. Most of the targets set by the department are yet to be fulfilled due to sluggish pace of work.
According to a latest government report, the PHE department set a target to provide safe drinking water to 1,752 habitations across the State in the current fiscal, but only 188 habitations were covered up to last part of December 2016. The department has fixed a target to cover 897 habitations in the present fiscal, which have been facing water quality related problems for long, but it has managed to cover only 70 habitations up to December last.
Assam has several habitations affected by arsenic and fluoride contamination in groundwater. The PHE department set up a target to provide pure drinking water to at least 22 such fluoride-affected habitations in the current fiscal, but not a single habitation has been covered so far. Similarly, the department has only provided safe drinking water to students in 98 schools instead of its target for 272 schools up to December last. The records state that 1,561 habitations were supposed to be covered by PHE department with its piped water supply scheme (PWSS), but only 140 habitations were covered with the scheme till December 2016.
The performance of the PHE department has so far been very poor in the sanitation sector, despite the Central government’s Clean India Mission. After fixing a target to construct 8.5 lakh individual household latrines and 192 community sanitary complexes across the State in the current fiscal, the department has constructed only 5.6 lakh individual household latrines and 49 community sanitary complexes till date.
The work culture of the PHE department was at its nadir during the erstwhile Congress government in the State, but even now it is yet to reform its ways. The time has come for present PHE Minister Rihon Daimary to rectify it and raise the department’s work culture to a new level so that visible changes can be reflected on the ground.


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As the Bush administration and Congress debate proposals to slash taxes for the rich by hundreds of billions of dollars, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has unveiled plans to crack down on the working poor who file claims for an existing tax credit. By imposing onerous documentation requirements on taxpayers claiming the federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), the new IRS policy will demand the most exhaustive proof of eligibility ever required from any of class of taxpayers.
The EITC, enacted in 1975, provides an offset for Social Security taxes and a credit on earnings for families with an earned income of less than $34,692. After Medicaid, it is the second largest program that provides assistance to low-income people at a time of high unemployment and declining wages.
Once the proposed measures begin—originally planned for July 1, but now delayed—standards of proof will be so high that many people who are entitled to the tax credit will be disqualified. The average tax credit was $1,976 in 2001 for households with children, which was less than the average food stamp benefit of $2,904 for households with children.
Claiming the program is riddled with errors and fraud, President Bush has asked Congress for $100 million and 650 new employees to identify potentially erroneous claims before any money is paid out. The subsidized school lunch program is another “high fraud” area targeted by the Bush administration.
The IRS will begin by asking the first 45,000 taxpayers who fit into the agency’s “high-error category” to submit proof of their eligibility within six months. By 2004 the new rules will affect 2 million people, eventually reaching 4 million “high error” claimants—one fifth of the 19 million people who now claim the tax credit.
The high-error category involves all claimants except married taxpayers filing joint returns and single mothers. Fathers with sole custody of children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, foster parents and others will have to provide documents that will be difficult or impossible to get within the six-month deadline. For example, to prove their relationship to children, claimants will have to produce marriage certificates that in some states are not even available. Ohio does not issue marriage certificates, only “marriage abstracts,” which are not certified documents. The State of New York will not issue certificates to people who were married in New York City and the latter does not issue certificates to anyone but the married couple, or someone with a written authorization from them. Also, there are no IRS guidelines for the children of couples in common-law marriages.
The State of California warns on its web site that, due to budgetary constraints, it may take up to two or three years to issue copies of marriage certificates.
“There is this double standard,” said Robert Greenstein, executive director of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. “The losses are larger in other areas of the tax code, but somehow a different standard gets applied to this.” The program is designed in such a way “that significant numbers of honest, eligible people will not be able to supply information required,” said Greenstein. The Center’s web site reveals that over 12 million people, including 7 million children, live in households where wages average $14,600 for a family of three and $18,800 for a family of four.
Commentaries expressing outrage at the IRS measures appeared on the letters’ page of the New York Times. A voluntary tax preparer noted that he interacts with hundreds of low-income taxpayers who are eligible for the earned-income tax credit. Having “met their children and heard their stories,” it is “outrageous that this segment of the population is being unfairly singled out for humiliating investigations.” He pointedly asked: “Are the working poor targets because, in their daily struggle to survive, they are too busy to put up a fight, or is it because they cannot afford to defend themselves?”
Daniel L. Greenberg, president and attorney in chief for the Legal Aid Society, also sent in a statement: “>From the vantage point of an organization that includes a tax clinic as part of our focus on the needs of the poor, there is no end to irony in the decision of the Internal Revenue Service to demand exhaustive documentation to eligibility from those filing for the earned-income tax credit. This program, by definition, is open only to the working poor. Included among these lowest-paid workers in the country are those whom the Clinton and Bush administrations sought to move from welfare to work. At a time when the only Congressional debate seems to be on how many hundreds of billions of dollars wealthy individuals will receive in tax breaks, we would all benefit from leaving the paltry program of tax incentives for the poor alone.”
By way of justifying its program, the IRS claims that in 1999 the Treasury lost $8.5 billion to $9.5 billion in fraudulent payouts of earned-income tax credits. By comparison, a March study by Harvard economist Mihir A. Desai, determined that corporations evaded paying $54 billion in 1998 by tax sheltering some $155 billion in profits. Professor Desai reported that his analysis of shareholder and taxable profits from 1998 to 2000 showed that, beginning in 1996, there is a widening gap due to tax shelters between taxable profits and those reported to shareholders.
With an abundance of legal tax shelters, the IRS records show that only 1 out every 120 taxpayers with annual incomes of more than $100,000 were audited last year, versus 1 out of 64 who claimed the earned-income credit. The Communities by Choice web site—an advocacy group dedicated to social ecology—claims that the rates are actually 1 in 208 for the higher than $100,000 sector and 1 in 47 for earned-income tax claimants. For business partnerships, vehicles overwhelmingly utilized by the wealthy, the rate was 1 in 400.
According to last year’s assessment by Syracuse University, corporations paid 10.5 percent of all taxes collected by the IRS, down from 16.4 percent in 1973.
The big stick treatment being meted out to the working poor contrasts sharply to the kid glove handling of wealthy tax evaders. The IRS instituted a partial amnesty program for taxpayers who have been hiding money in offshore accounts and then using debit and credit cards issued by offshore banks to retain access to their funds. The “Offshore Voluntary Compliance Initiative,” which ended April 15, promised offenders that they would not face criminal charges or certain penalties if they came forward voluntarily. Outside estimates state that the government is losing some $70 billion a year in offshore tax evasion.
Also revealing is the recent restoration of tax-exempt status to two organizations tied to former House speaker Newt Gingrich. The IRS had revoked the status for both the Abraham Lincoln Opportunity Foundation (!) and the Howard H. Callaway Foundation after the organizations came under investigation during an ethics probe of Gingrich, in which he is charged with using charitable funds for political purposes. The agency now claims that the revocation of the groups’ tax status was unwarranted.
The IRS’s measures victimizing the working poor are an acceleration, along with Bush’s proposed massive tax breaks for the rich, of the shift of tax burdens from businesses onto the backs of middle and working class sections of the population.

domain: politics


Create this eye-catching cardigan that has been designed by Arne & Carlos. This pattern uses 4 shades in the yarn Rowan Alpaca Soft DK which is a premium blend of 70% extra fine merino and 30% baby alpaca.
Size: To fit chest 32-54 inches | 81-137cm
This kit contains:
- 6 x Rowan Alpaca Soft DK - Marine Blue (212)
- 6 x Rowan Alpaca Soft DK - Green Teal (213)
- 5 x Rowan Alpaca Soft DK - Simply White (201)
- 4 x Rowan Alpaca Soft DK - Charcoal (211)
- 1 x Digital Pattern
You will also require:
1 pair of 3.25mm (UK10) and 4.00mm (UK8) knitting needles
A 3.25mm (UK10) circular needle (at least 120cm long)
Please see below for the yarn usage for individual size options:
Please note: If you want different colour options to the specified kit colour option, you will have to purchase this separately from the individual yarn page.
We would recommend purchasing a Value pack where you can get up to 10% off or call our Customer Service teams on 0845 519 4573. If outside the UK, call +44 (0) 1733 777 345 *(Lines Open: 7:30am - 5:30pm UK Time Monday - Friday) * Call charges may apply. To select your own shades and save up to 10% off.
Yarn weight: DK | Light Worsted (3) | 8ply
Length: 125m | 136yds
Needle Size: 1 pair of 3.25mm (UK10 | US3) and a 4.00mm (UK8 | US6) knitting needles. A 3.25mm (UK10 | US3) circular needle, at least 120cm long.
Ball weight: 50g | 1.7oz
Tension: 24 sts and 27 rows to 10 cm measured over patt using 4mm needles.
Fibre: 70% Extra Fine Merino | 30% Baby Alpaca
Care Instructions: Hand Wash Only , Dry Flat In Shade, Do Not Bleach , Do Not Tumble Dry , Cool Iron
Format: Yarn & Digital Pattern
Pattern For: Men


text:
593 reviews analysed
1. Melitta Cone Coffee Filters, Natural Brown #4, 100 Count (Pack Of 3)
World’s No. 1 selling. Double-crimp for extra strength. Guaranteed not to burst. Indulge a little every day. Enjoy Melitta’s award winning coffee. There is no secret to why Melitta Coffee has been judged the best ground coffee in America every year since 1997. Made from nature’s highest quality coffee beans, Melitta uses only high altitude 100% arabica beans that are handpicked from the mountains of Central and South America. We roast our beans in small batches and then grind them extra fine to unlock their delicate flavor and aroma. Indulge yourself a little everyday with the uniquely rich and velvety smooth taste of Melitta Coffee. Quality Institute International – Gold Medal Winner. American Culinary Institute. 2004 Best Product award. No. 4 (100) Cone coffee filters fits all coffeemakers that use a No. 4 size filter cone. Made in U.S.A.
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5. Melitta 640616 Coffee Maker Pack of 1 Glass Carafe
Cone filter drip coffee maker. Original coffee brewing system. Use Melitta No. 6 cone shaped filter paper. Not recommended for stove top use.
6. Melitta Pour Over Coffee Cone Brewer & #2 Filter Natural Brown Combo Set, Black
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- Melitta #4 size cone filters fit all 8-12 cup cone coffeemakers and all Pour-Over coffeemakers that take #4 filters
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8. Melitta (624102C) #4 Super Premium Cone Coffee Filters, White, 100 Count (Pack of 12) Replacement Coffee Maker Filters
- CONE COFFEE FILTERS: These premium cone filters fit 8-12 cup cone-style coffee makers. They’re unbleached, chlorine-free, & designed with a second safety crimp for strength & durability.
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9. Melitta Ready Set Joe Single Cup Coffee Brewer, Black – 2 Pack
Fresh brewed coffee 1 cup at a time. 1 cup filter cone. Place the filter cone on a coffee cup. Insert a No. 2 Melitta cone filter. Scoop in your favorite coffee to taste. Add hot water, then indulge in a cup of fresh brewed coffee. Includes a starter pack
10. Melitta 64101 Porcelain #2 Cone Brewer
- White Porcelain Coffee Brewing cone designed to fit most Coffee Mugs
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Features: -Elegance, convenience and fresh brewed taste. -Designed to prepare 1 cup of coffee. -Designed to fit most coffee mugs and carafes. Product Type: -Pour Over Coffee Makers. Color: -White. Dimensions: Overall Height – Top to Bottom: -4.88′. Overall Width – Side to Side: -4.75′. Overall Depth – Front to Back: -5.5′. Overall Product Weight: -0.07 lbs.
By our suggestions above, we hope that you can found Melitta Me5b Coffee Maker for you.Please don’t forget to share your experience by comment in this post. Thank you!

domain: food


|Publication number||US7787446 B2|
|Application number||US 12/126,679|
|Publication date||Aug 31, 2010|
|Filing date||May 23, 2008|
|Priority date||Dec 19, 2002|
|Also published as||US7391766, US20040141505, US20080225854|
|Publication number||12126679, 126679, US 7787446 B2, US 7787446B2, US-B2-7787446, US7787446 B2, US7787446B2|
|Inventors||Francois Le Maut, Rene Glaise, Michel Poret, Rene Gallezot|
|Original Assignee||International Business Machines Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (4), Classifications (27), Legal Events (2)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This Application claims priority from application Ser. No. 10/723,503, filed Nov. 26, 2003.
The present invention is related to the following patent applications which are incorporated herein by reference:
Ser. No. 10/723,834 entitled “CAM Based System and Method for Re-Sequencing Data Packets”, filed Nov. 26, 2003;
Ser. No. 10/722,900 entitled “System and Method for Sequencing Data Packets on a Per-Flow Basis”, filed Nov. 26, 2003;
Ser. No. 10/722,901 entitled “Method and System for Resequencing Data Packets Switched Through a Parallel Packet Switch”, filed Nov. 26, 2003.
The present invention relates to high speed switching of data packets in general, and particularly relates to a system and method to control the saturation of egress buffers that store data packets switched through a plurality of independent switching planes of a parallel packet switch architecture.
DWDM, which stands for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, by merging onto a single optical fiber many wavelengths, is making available long-haul fiber-optic data communications links of huge aggregate capacity. Each wavelength is an independent communications channel which typically operates at OC48c i.e.: 2.5 Giga or 109 bits per Second (Gbps), OC192c (10 Gbps) and in some systems at OC768c (40 Gbps). These rates are part of a family of rates and formats available for use in optical interfaces, generally referred to as SONET, which is a standard defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) of which there exists an European counterpart, mostly compatible, known as SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy). Thus, at each node of a network, the data packets or cells carried on each DWDM channel must be switched, or routed, by packet-switches that process and then switch packets between different channels so as to forward them towards their final destination. If, ideally, it would be desirable to keep the processing of packets in the optical domain, without conversion to electronic form, this is still not really feasible today mainly because all packet-switches need buffering that is not yet available in an optical form. So packet-switches will continue to use electronic switching technology and buffer memories for some time to come.
However, because of the data rates as quoted above for individual DWDM channels (up to 40 Gbps) and the possibility of merging tenths, if not hundredths, of such channels onto a single fiber the throughput to handle at each network node can become enormous i.e., in a multi Tera or 1012 bits per second range (Tbps) making buffering and switching, in the electronic domain, an extremely challenging task. If constant significant progress has been sustained, for decades, in the integration of always more logic gates and memory bits on a single ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), allowing to implement the complex functions required to handle the data packets flowing into a node according to QoS (Quality of Service) rules unfortunately, the progress in speed and performance of the logic devices over time is comparatively slow, and now gated by the power one can afford to dissipate in a module to achieve it. Especially, the time to perform a random access into an affordable memory e.g., an imbedded RAM (Random Access Memory) in a standard CMOS (Complementary MOS) ASIC, is decreasing only slowly with time while switch ports need to interface channels having their speed quadrupling at each new generation i.e., from OC48c to OC192c and to OC768c respectively from 2.5 to 10 and 40 Gbps. For example, if a memory is 512-bit wide allowing to store or fetch, in a single write or read operation, a typical fixed-size 64-byte (8-bit byte) packet of the kind handled by a switch, this must be achieved in less than 10 Nano or 10−9 second (Ns) for a 40 Gbps channel and in practice in a few Ns only in order to take care of the necessary speed overhead needed to sustain the specified nominal channel performance while at least one store and one fetch i.e., two operations, are always necessary per packet movement. This represents, nowadays, the upper limit at which memories and CMOS technology can be cycled making the design of multi Tbps-class switch extremely difficult with a cost-performance state-of-the-art technology such as CMOS, since it can only be operated at a speed comparable to the data rate of the channel they have to process.
Hence, to design and implement a high capacity packet-switch (i.e.: having a multi Tbps aggregate throughput) from/to OC768c (40 Gps) ports a practical architecture, often considered to overcome the above mentioned technology limitation, is a parallel packet switch (PPS) architecture. It is comprised of multiple identical lower-speed packet-switches (100) operating independently and in parallel, as sketched in
The above scheme is also attractive because of its inherent capability to support redundancy. By placing more planes than what is strictly necessary it is possible to hot replace a defective plane without having to stop traffic. When a plane is detected as being or becoming defective ingress adapter load balancers can be instructed to skip the defective plane. When all the traffic from the defective plane has been drained out it can be removed and replaced by a new one and load balancers set back to their previous mode of operation.
Thus, if PPS is really attractive to support multi-Gbps channel speeds and more particularly OC768c switch ports it remains that this approach introduces the problem of packet resequencing in the egress adapter. Packets from an input port adapter (110) may possibly arrive out of sequence in a target egress adapter (150) because the various switching paths, here comprised of four planes (100), do not have the same transfer delay since they run independently thus, can have different buffering delays. A discussion and proposed solutions to this problem can be found, for example, in a paper by Y. C. JUNG et al., ‘Analysis of out-of-sequence problem and preventive schemes in parallel switch architecture for high-speed ATM network’, published in IEEE Proc.-Commun., Vol. 141, No. 1, February 1994. However, this paper does not consider the practical case where the switching planes have also to handle packets on a priority basis so as to support a Class of Service (CoS) mode of operation, a mandatory feature in all recent switches which are assumed to be capable of handling simultaneously all sorts of traffic at nodes of a single ubiquitous network handling carrier-class voice traffic as well as video distribution or just straight data file transfer. Hence, packets are processed differently by the switching planes depending on the priority tags they carry, and may incur very different transit delays depending on which switching plane they have been sent. As each ingress adapter makes its own decision on how it load balance the traffic among the different switching planes depending on the flow control information it receives, it may happen that not all switching planes are loaded in the same way, thus creating different delays for packets transmission over different switching planes. This does no longer comply with the simple FCFS (First-Come-First-Served) rule assumed by the above referenced paper and forces egress adapters to readout packets as soon as they are ready to be delivered by the switching planes after which they can be resequenced on a per priority basis taking in account the fact that packets coming from same source with same priority may have very different transit time when crossing the different switching planes.
Different mechanisms have been proposed to perform the resequencing of packets within a Parallel Packet Switch. However, all of them must face the difficulty that, due to the fact that switching planes may not be instantly identically loaded, in particular because of the multiple priorities in use, two packets sent in sequence by the same source on two different switching planes may incur very different transit delay until they reach the same egress adapter. Especially, low priority packets can easily be trapped in individual switching planes because higher priority packets take precedence. This clearly may create situations where a packet sent as second by a source, is received first in an egress adapter where it has to be kept in buffer, until first packet is finally received. Only then, a request can be posted to the egress scheduler, which must authorize successively both packets to leave the egress buffer on external interface.
In egress buffer, possibly many incomplete flows waiting for trapped packets may thus accumulate taking up space. Depending on the size of the buffer used to store packets in egress adapter, this may lead rapidly to an unacceptable congestion situation that would require discarding those of the packets already switched while missing ones are trapped in undetermined switching planes. Also, this may severely impact the end to end jitter, from ingress to egress line interface.
Thus, it is a broad object of the invention to overcome the difficulties mentioned here above in order to make feasible a PPS architecture in which variable delays can be experienced in the individual switching planes while supporting priority classes of unicast and multicast traffic in view of the implementation of a multi-Tbps switch.
It is another object of the invention to avoid egress buffer saturation and bound transit delays by providing an efficient and novel mechanism that allows identifying unambiguously which switching planes are responsible for the buffer saturation and to unstop the flow of data packets from them.
In an embodiment, the invention applies in a parallel packet switch architecture having at least one egress adapter arranged to temporarily store within an egress buffer data packets switched through a plurality of independent switching planes. Each data packet belongs to a data packet flow wherein the data packets are sequentially numbered with a packet sequence number. The invention claims a system for controlling the egress buffer saturation and which comprises for each data packet flow:
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to the ones skilled in the art upon examination of the following description in reference to the accompanying drawings. It is intended that any additional advantages be incorporated herein.
All packets carry an identification of the source which has emitted them (i.e. an ingress adapter identifier among the many ones within the switch fabric)—together with a PSN (Packet Sequence Number). It is to be appreciated that there are as many PSN generators as there are possible destinations and priorities in one ingress adapter. PSN is e.g., incremented by 1 with each new packet destined for an output port at a given priority. One possible implementation is shown in block (210), which takes benefit of a Virtual Output Queuing (VOQ) organization (230), a common feature of modern packet switches, which avoids destination head of line blocking. VOQ is not part of the present invention and is not further described since it is a well-known technique by those skilled in the art. For each VOQ, there is an associated counting device (2100 to 2163) which generates a PSN. Counting devices may operate independently of each other, each one corresponding to a unique packet flow identified by its source, its destination, and its priority. Each VOQ feeds a packet scheduling function (220) in each ingress port-adapter, which selects the waiting incoming packets to be switched. On egress adapter, packets received through the various planes (250), are temporarily stored in an egress buffer (265). An unstop logic block (275) is coupled to the egress buffer and to a packet scheduler (280) to determine if a switching plane is to be unstopped. The unstop logic is arranged to have access to:
The PSN of the incoming packets from all switching planes, per source, per priority; and
The PSN of the ‘last ready packet for scheduling’ (PSNr) by source and priority.
The ‘last ready packet for scheduling’ relates to the last packet for which a continuous sequence has been recovered by the packet resequencing function (270) and is thus available for scheduling (i.e. Ready for leaving the egress adapter). This will further detailed with reference to
Whichever resequencing mechanism is used, each egress adapter is equipped with an output scheduler (280) whose role is to select, at each packet cycle, for transmission the next packet, temporarily stored in the egress buffer (265), due to leave the egress adapter. The ingress and egress packet scheduling are mechanisms beyond the scope of the invention and are not further discussed other than to mention that their role is normally to serve the waiting packets of highest priorities first while, for each priority, maintaining fairness between the sources of traffic. These are standard functions in switch port-adapters. Packet scheduling (220, 280) and VOQ's (230) are not part of the invention which does not require any specific behavior from these elements to operate as specified in the rest of the description.
Generally, the switch port-adapters have a standard line or NP (network processor) IN and OUT interface (290) e.g., such as the ones defined by the Network Processing Forum (NPF), 39355 California Street, Suite 307, Fremont, Calif. 94538.
As shown in
Each new packet received from any switching plane j belongs to one flow, identified by its source Sn and priority Pn. Moreover, each incoming packet carries a PSN referred to as PSNi (box 500). The flow identification (by the source Sn and the priority Pn identifiers) allows retrieving (step 502) from the associated register (410) shown in
Next, if for all switching planes, PSNr is equal to or lower than HPSNj i.e., HPSN1 to HPSN6 (branches 712, 722, 732, 742, 752 and 762 respectively), it means that on all switching planes, data packets have arrived with a packet sequence number higher than the last packet ready for scheduling. However, because PSNr has a lower value it can only mean that resequencing is stuck with PSNr, waiting for the next in sequence i.e., PSNr+1 (since numbering is assumed to be a complete ascending sequence in the example used to illustrate the invention), which packet has never arrived, while packets with PSN value higher than PSNr+1 have arrived on all switching planes (box 770). Although switching planes are normally loss less, it may seldom happen that packets are lost between ingress adapter and egress adapter. Reasons may be transmission error, possibly leading to a corrupted packet. Depending on the level of protection within the system, which is beyond the scope of the present invention, the corrupted packet may be discarded or misrouted, this action leading to the above mentioned blocking in the resequencing mechanism. In such a case, there is nothing else to do than to unblock the resequencing algorithm by incrementing to the next number in sequence (e.g., by +1) the current value of PSNr (box 775). No unstop action is performed and there is no further processing (box 790) other than, as an option, reporting to the device in charge that a packet was lost.
If PSNr is higher than HPSNj in all the switching planes, i.e., HPSN1 to HPSN6 (branches 711, 721, 731, 741, 751 and 761 respectively), all planes are selected (boxes 713, 723, 733, 743, 753 and 763). This means that, on none of the switching planes a packet has arrived with a PSN higher than the last packet ready for scheduling. PSNr has the highest value. Hence, it can only mean that resequencing has gone until last received value PSNr. Then, all packets as counted in WPC, can be scheduled. For reasons that are beyond the scope of present invention, these waiting packets have not been forwarded on egress interface and have accumulated above WPCth. What to do in this case is highly dependent on the design and system implementation choices of the switching node where the invention is used. No unstop action (box 780) needs to be performed and there is no further process (790) other than, possibly, reporting to the device in charge that packets, yet in sequence, are accumulating.
If for at least one switching plane, but not all of them, PSNr is higher than HPSNj i.e., HPSN1 to HPSN6 (as previously, branches 711, 721, 731, 741, 751 and 761 respectively), then corresponding switching planes are selected (713 to 763 respectively). For those of the switching planes that are selected (box 713, 723, 733, 743, 753 and 763) means that no packet has arrived with a packet sequence number higher than the last packet ready for scheduling, while on the non selected ones (there is at least one), packet(s) have arrived with a higher sequence number higher. Then, it means that resequencing is stuck because packets are expected on those selected switching planes. Typically, this may be caused by low priority packets being blocked by higher priority packets inside selected switching planes. In which case, unstop process is to be triggered on the selected switching planes (box 785), which will eventually unblock the resequencing mechanism. There is no further process (box 790).
In the context of the invention unstop a switching plane means “doing what is necessary” for the switching plane identified (as the one to be unstopped) to send out the missing packet. Typically, the missing packet is not sent out because it is of a lower priority than other packets which take precedence over it. The invention set forth mechanism and method to determine which switch plane to unstop. The invention does not describe what needs to be done on the identified switch plane, as this is highly dependent on type and internal structure of switch plane. For example, one possible method is to apply priority elevation to those lower priority packets destined to the destination adapter, blocked by higher packets going to that same adapter.
The unstop process will not be further described as it is application specific and may be implemented by those skilled in the art in many different ways depending on system characteristics. The mechanism described above allows determining, without ambiguity, which switching plane(s) have caused the resequencing issue for the related flow. The unstop process provides a means to trigger, in switching planes, the retrieving and forwarding of packets to an egress adapter. The retrieving process itself is highly dependent on the design of the switching planes and is beyond the scope of the invention. This process is implementation dependent. It may or not have an impact on delay and jitter of other packets not belonging to the related flow and being switched over the identified switching plane.
In the context of the invention computer readable medium means an object, such as a disc, memories, tape, DVD, or similar devices, carrying information that is read by a computer. Such objects are well known in computer technology and further description is not warranted.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with references to an embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in both form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
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|US7512780 *||Jun 10, 2002||Mar 31, 2009||Verizon Corporate Services Group, Inc.||Packet-parallel high performance cryptography systems and methods|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
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|US20110182294 *||Jan 28, 2010||Jul 28, 2011||Brocade Communications Systems, Inc.||In-order traffic aggregation with reduced buffer usage|
|U.S. Classification||370/387, 370/416, 370/388, 370/395.7, 710/57, 710/241|
|International Classification||H04L12/56, H04Q11/00|
|Cooperative Classification||H04L2012/5679, H04L49/50, H04L12/5601, H04L2012/5682, H04L49/30, H04L49/1523, H04L2012/5635, H04L2012/565, H04L49/153, H04L49/256, H04L49/3081, H04L49/3045|
|European Classification||H04L49/30J, H04L49/15C1A, H04L49/25F, H04L49/15C1, H04L49/50, H04L49/30, H04L12/56A|
|Apr 4, 2012||AS||Assignment|
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:027991/0525
Effective date: 20120327
Owner name: FACEBOOK, INC., CALIFORNIA
|Jan 29, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4


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FEATURED JOB: Lecturer in Classical Japanese (Bungo) and Kanbun in East Asian Languages and Civilizations - Harvard University
The Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University invites applications for a lecturer in classical Japanese (bungo) and kanbun. The lecturer will be responsible for teaching four courses of classical Japanese (bungo) and kanbun ranging from introductory to advanced levels. The annual appointment is expected to begin on July 1, 2023, and is for one year with the possibility for renewal for a maximum total of three years.
A Ph.D. in a relevant discipline is required by the expected start date.
Center for East Asian Studies, University of Chicago: William F. Sibley Memorial Subvention Award for Japanese Translation
Greetings from the Center for East Asian Studies at the University of Chicago (CEAS)!
CEAS is pleased to announce the CALL FOR NOMINATIONS for The William F. Sibley Memorial Subvention Award for Japanese Translation.
Symposium: Gender and Voice in Japanese Art
The Denver Art Museum is pleased to host a one-day international symposium in conjunction with the exhibition, Her Brush: Japanese Women Artists from the Fong-Johnstone Collection. Scholars and specialists from various disciplines will add to the discourse on approaches and methodologies in the study, connoisseurship, and exhibition of Japanese art through the lens of gender, agency, and artistic voice.
Bochum Yearbook for East Asian Studies 2023 Edition
The Bochum Yearbook of East Asian Studies (Bochumer Jahrbuch zur Ostasienforschung) is now accepting submissions in either English or German for edition 46, which is scheduled for publication in winter 2023‒24. All papers submitted will undergo double-blind peer review.
The Bochum Yearbook of East Asian Studies (BJOAF) has been published since 1978 by the Faculty of East Asian Studies at Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. It serves as an international forum for academic publications on East Asian research.
"Webinar: Information Sources for Japanese Studies" to be held in February 2023
On behalf of the National Diet Library of Japan, I am posting the following announcment.
The National Diet Library Japan would like to announce
"Webinar: Information Sources for Japanese Studies" to be held in
2nd Cycle - 4th Session of INNOVCARE Webinars on 8 February 2023
The Fondation France-Japon de l'EHESS is pleased to announce the 4th Session of the second webinars cycle of the project "Care-led innovation: The case of elderly care in France and Japan" (INNOVCARE) to be held on Wednesday 8 February 2023, 9am to 11am (France) / 5pm to 7pm (Japan).
We will have two presentations from:
New website. Meiji era documents linked to Shimogamo shrine
Seeking Contributions for "Overlapping Borderlands: Sources and Translations from Inner Northeast Asia"
The editorial board for Overlapping Borderlands invites contributions from scholars working on topics related to Inner Northeast Asia and adjacent territories (including but not limited to Mongolia, Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan). Contributions will take the form of English translations of textual sources that highlight the diversity of this region and a short introduction contextualizing the source for non-specialists.
Webinar GEPJ - A. Klein “Religion and Politics in Contemporary Japan” February 10, 2023 (10:00-12:00 CEST)
Our apologies for cross-posting.
The French research group on State and Politics in Japan (GEPJ) is very pleased to announce its next seminar (in English):
Axel Klein (University of Duisburg-Essen) will be giving a talk titled
“Religion and Politics in Contemporary Japan”
Date, Time: February 10th (Friday), 10:00-12:00 (CEST, UTC +1:00) / 18:00-20:00 (JST)
You are all cordially invited to this event.

domain: library


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Luca Guate- Nino, Madame Blanc, Director discussed on Fresh Air
Romantic drama. Call me by your name. The Italian director Luca guate- Nino returns with suspicion area. A remake of dairy OR gentiles nineteen seventy seven horror film of the same title. The new version is set in nineteen seventy seven at a Berlin dance academy. It stars Tilda Swinton and Dakota Johnson. Film critic Justin Chang has this review of suspicious. In the nineteen seventy seven Italian slasher movie, so spirit, a young American woman joins a German dance academy that turns out to be run by witches Dario are Gento turned that threadbare story into an art. Nouveau fever dream drenched. In candy, apple blood and a demon possessed music box of a score once reviled as camp, but long since embraced as a horror classic suspicion has haunted the dreams of many movie goers. None more. So than Luca guate- Nino who has spent more than thirty years trying to remake it you can understand why the director of such viscerally erotic romances as call me by your name. And I am love would respond to suspend for its lush stylistic possibilities alone. So it's surprising that this new movie departs from the original in every way imaginable. The visual palette is cold and grey Guarino has drained away, the bright, lurid colors, and most of the shocks and crowded the story with historical detail. At two and a half hours this spirit runs a full hour longer than the original. And it takes its time creeping into your veins, but creep, it does the movie is a hoot and a folly. But it's also a marvel a magnificently obsessive vision that comes to feel less like a remake than a rebirth. It's nineteen seventy seven the year of the deadly German autumn, and the still divided city of Berlin is reeling from the violent acts of the radical Red Army Faction also known as the Baader Meinhof gang. Into this chaos comes Suzy banyan, a strikingly self possessed young woman from Ohio who has just joined the prestigious Helen, Marcos dance company. Susie is played by Dakota Johnson who starred in the fifty shades of grey trilogy, and is thus no stranger to subjecting herself to extreme physical exertions. The company specializes in a form of modern dance. Notable for its forceful aggressive choreography, which expresses an embodies the traumas of Germany's war-torn past and present the director Madame Blanc is played by Tilda Swinton, an actress with natural sorcery in her veins. She begins preparing Suzy for the lead role in an upcoming peace working, especially on her jumps. But Madame Blanc is also clearly grooming her for a darker purpose. When you dance the dance of another. You make yourself an image of its creator. To yourself said that her work can live within you. Do you understand? Yeah. Company. Now, you have.


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While perhaps not a household name, Chuck Leavell’s performances are deeply woven into the musical fabric of our times. His piano and keyboard work with the Allman Brothers Band, Eric Clapton and the Rolling Stones, for whom he has also been the de facto musical director since 1982, has earned admiration from his musical peers as well as appreciative audiences around the world. His longstanding career began at the age of 13, when he experienced a concert by Ray Charles that would change him forever. His latest album, Chuck Gets Big (With the Frankfurt Radio Big Band), sees him re-creating some of the big band magic that inspired him all those years ago. Jacques Sonyieux spoke to Chuck about what it was like to capture a performance in a German castle alongside 17 other stellar musicians.
On juggling projects
I have always found it fascinating that there is an art to time management. If you are careful and sensible, you can arrange time to do many different things, and that’s what I try to do to keep all my projects going. This project started seven years ago: I was invited to play with the Frankfurt Radio Big Band in the Frankfurt area of Germany for a special concert. I accepted the invitation and chose to play a dozen songs. When I arrived in Frankfurt, the band had one rehearsal without me, one with me, and then the next day was the concert. A while after the performance, my engineer, Gerry Hansen, and I examined the files and they were so great that I said, “Let’s see if we can take the audience out of this. I think I would prefer this to sound like a studio record.” We did—and it worked. It took a couple of weeks to get everything mixed, but it all worked like a charm. I proposed the project to my label and they jumped right on it.
On stepping up his game
There were really no tricks on the recording; it was just an incredible night, an incredible moment for me to be playing with those guys. I can tell you this: When I walked into that rehearsal that first day, the day before the concert, my mind was blown. The band was so strong and all the players were so good. My first thought was, “Whoa, Chucky, you’ve got to up your ante, you’ve got to get in this game!” It did inspire me to stay on my toes and not fool around. I had to do them proud, so to speak. It was a bit of a jolt once I was hearing those charts and being in the middle of everyone playing that music. It was just so powerful and I knew it was the opportunity of a lifetime.
On German hospitality
During the concert itself, we had a really wonderful audience. The setting was incredible; it was in this castle owned by an ancient German family. They were gracious enough to let us use the facility for the performance and we had a really good sound system. I think there were probably about 600 people there, and I had this fantastic German Steinway piano that was a joy to put my hands on. It was just like all the stars lined up that night, and that’s the way to work.
On Ray Charles
When I was about 13, my sister had a date to go see Ray Charles in Tuscaloosa [Alabama], where we grew up. My parents had something going on that night and they didn’t want to just leave me alone, so they suggested to my sister that she let me tag along. And I was already playing music, but I had never seen anything so powerful as that in all my life—it just blew my mind. The band was amazing. You had Billy Preston playing a Hammond B3, and Ray gave him a special part in the show where he sang a song and was featured. Of course, you also had the Raelettes and Ray himself. The voice, the playing—I get chills just thinking about it. We already had the wonderful record Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music in our house, and I had listened to it and really liked it. But from that moment on, Ray was my man. I began studying everything I could about him. His playing was superb, the voicings he used on the piano—everything was just so inspirational to me. The track on my record, “Georgia on My Mind,” was my small way of thanking Ray for giving us all that music.
On getting the call
It blows my mind when I get calls from people inviting me on their tours. I still have the cassette from the answering machine where Eric Clapton called me and he said, “Hey, this is Eric Clapton, calling from Hong Kong, wanting to know if Chuck might be interested in playing some shows at the Royal Albert Hall.” Man, I just about fell over; I couldn’t make that return call fast enough.
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David [Gilmour], that was another one that happened out of the blue. I played once with him in 1984 and many years went by. I think I saw him a few years later socially, but that was it. Well, one day my wife was checking the guest book of my website and told me, “There’s a guy here who says he’s David Gilmour.” So I had a look, and the message said, “Hey Chuck, David Gilmour here. Honest!” And he left a contact number. I thought, “Well, it might be a joke, but why not follow up?” Sure enough, it was him and he told me, “Man, I’ve been thinking about you; I want to change my band up some and if you are interested, come on!” So we did and I went on his tour!
Jacques Sonyieux is a devout explorer of recording studios and the artists who occasionally inhabit them. Please send any tips or feedback to Jacques at [email protected]


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Stadium: Estadio Municipal Jose Zorrilla (Valladolid)
Referee: Mario Melero
13.08.2022 20:00 MSK
Last season's Champions League semi-finalist Villarreal will start the Spanish league with an away game against Valladolid. Will Unai Emery's side manage to win? We have a few bets to place at once.Claim Your Welcome Bonus!
The team from the city of the same name took just one season to return to the top flight of Spanish football. Last season, Valladolid finished second in the Segunda and even avoided the knockout phase by qualifying directly for La Liga.
José Rojo Martín, or simply Paquetá, who previously managed Elche and Huesca, leads the team from Valladolid. Among the acquisitions made by the club in the off-season is the experienced goalkeeper Sergio Asenho from Villarreal, attacking midfielder Gonzalo Plato from Sporting Lisbon, and Granada players - defender Sergio Escudero and midfielder Monchu. It should also be mentioned that Valladolid's owner is legendary Brazilian forward Ronaldo.
Unai Emery's side was excellent in the last Champions League, beating Juventus and Bayern and putting up a credible challenge against Liverpool in the semi-finals. However, Villarreal wasn't strong enough for the Spanish championship. The final 7th place will allow the Yellow Submarine to participate only in the Conference League.
Maybe that's a good thing. Villarreal could be surprised by climbing very high in La Liga without spending their energy on battling the giants of European football in the Liga. Emery's side has everything they need to be hugely successful heading into the league.
Villarreal's squad is well-balanced and doesn't need any significant changes. Pepe Reina of Lazio replaced Asenjo as the backup goalkeeper. The club also signed forward Morales from Levante and defender Kiko Femenía from Watford. Mario Gaspar, Fer Niño and Moisés Gómez have all left Villarreal.
Expert Betting Tips
Villarreal is the dark horse of the new national championship. The yellow team may be in contention, if not for first place, then certainly for the second. At the very least, Unai Emery's side must finish in the top four and qualify for the Champions League. It is very likely that Villarreal will show their ambition as early as the first game and confidently beat the relegated Segunda side, Valladolid. The home side can expect to score, but Villarreal will still score more.
TelecomAsia Sport is looking for a Qatar-based video blogger to work during the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Contact [email protected] for more information.