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Originally published by The Washington Post
Amazon.com pitched its facial-recognition system in the summer to Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials as a way for the agency to target or identify immigrants, a move that could shove the tech giant further into a growing debate over the industry’s work with the government.
The June meeting in Silicon Valley was revealed in emails as part of a Freedom of Information Act request by the advocacy group Project on Government Oversight; the emails were published first in the Daily Beast. They show that officials from ICE and Amazon Web Services talked about implementing the company’s Rekognition face-scanning platform to assist with homeland security investigations.
An Amazon Web Services official who specializes in federal sales contracts, and whose name was redacted in the emails, wrote that the conversation involved predictive analytics and Rekognition Video tagging/analysis that could possibly allow ICE to identify people’s faces from afar – a type of technology immigration officials have voiced interest in for its potential enforcement use on the southern border.
“We are ready and willing to support the vital (Homeland Security Investigations) mission, the Amazon official wrote.
Amazon Web Services, the division of the company that develops and sells cloud computing, said in a statement, We participated with a number of other technology companies in technology ‘boot camps’ sponsored by McKinsey Company, where a number of technologies were discussed, including Rekognition.” Amazon said it “followed up with customers who were interested in learning more about how to use our services (Immigration and Customs Enforcement was one of those organizations where there was follow-up discussion). (Amazon’s founder, Jeffrey P. Bezos, owns The Washington Post.)
ICE, which does not currently have a contract with Amazon, said in a statement that its homeland security investigations unit has used facial-recognition technology to assist in criminal investigations related to fraudulent activities, identity theft and child exploitation crimes.
ICE spokesman Matthew Bourke said the agency couldn’t say how often its officials had met with Amazon, but he added that industry outreach and building relationships with potential contractors is fairly standard within government acquisition. The agency, he said in the statement, “may use various investigative techniques and technological tools to accomplish its mission to protect the United States from cross-border crimes and illegal immigration that threaten national security and public safety.
Amazon has marketed the technology to police departments as a way to target and identify criminals, and it is deployed for officers’ use in Oregon and Florida. Civil rights and privacy advocates worry that the unproven technology’s expansion could have a chilling effect on public protests or embolden government and police efforts to supercharge mass surveillance.
The June meeting could inspire new unrest among Amazon workers who have urged the $850 billion company to reject work that could be used for government surveillance. Hundreds of anonymous Amazon workers wrote Bezos a letter in June, roughly one week after the meeting, saying, We refuse to build the platform that powers ICE, and we refuse to contribute to tools that violate human rights.
It will also further fuel a Silicon Valley culture clash between corporate leaders pursuing lucrative government contracts and the company’s rank-and-file workers, many of whom have voiced outrage over ICE’s separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.
Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) said in a statement Tuesday that he was troubled” that ICE had not notified him of the meeting, adding that without clear safeguards, the technology has the potential for dangerous misuse by the government.
Amazon shouldn’t sell facial recognition technology to law-enforcement agencies without clear protections and policies to protect Americans from abuse, he said.
Microsoft, a technology giant building facial-recognition tools that compete with Amazon’s, came under fire in the summer for the potential work it could do as part of a major ICE contract. Google has also faced internal resistance over its contributions to Project Maven, a Defense Department initiative that would allow artificial intelligence to identify objects in battlefield drone video.Amazon has a number of government contracts and is believed to be the lead contender to win the Pentagon’s $10 billion cloud-computing contract, known as JEDI, for Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure. The company also operates a private cloud service for top-secret intelligence used by the CIA. The agency’s deputy director for science and technology, Dawn Meyerriecks, characterized the Amazon-CIA bond during a panel last month outside Washington as a closer partnership than I’ve ever seen in my career.
Amazon spent $3.63 million between July 1 and September 30 to lobby the U.S. government on a range of issues, including facial recognition technology, according to federal ethics documents published this week.
Bezos has donated money to fund college scholarships for undocumented immigrant students, but he has also publicly supported the tech industry’s contributions to national security efforts and other government work.
“If big tech companies are going to turn their backs on the Department of Defense, we are in big trouble, Bezos said at a Wired magazine event last week. Asked about immigration, he added: I’d let them in if it were me. I like them. I want all of them in. But this is a great country, and it does need to be defended.
ICE has portrayed facial recognition and other artificial-intelligence software as potentially powerful tools in its pursuit of ways to clamp down on illegal immigration. ICE officials told tech industry contractors last year they wanted an extreme vetting system that could automatically mine the social media of foreign visitors to assess whether they might commit criminal or terrorist acts.
Amazon unveiled Rekognition in 2016 as a way to analyze images and detect faces on a massive scale. Its first marketing materials focused on the softer side of the technology, including its ability to look at a dog’s face and recognize it as a golden retriever, for instance.
But the technology’s growing role in the business of criminal justice and investigation has faced increasing scrutiny from civil rights groups and Democratic lawmakers worried about its possible use in surveillance efforts that could threaten public privacy and civil rights. The technology has also been found to perform less accurately among people of color, sparking fears of misidentification.
Rekognition, for instance, incorrectly matched the faces of 28 members of Congress with those of people arrested for a crime during a test in the summer by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California. Amazon has said the test’s methodology was flawed.
Some in the tech industry have called for broader regulation of facial-recognition systems, and only a few states govern the technology’s appropriate use. Microsoft President Brad Smith wrote a blog post in July challenging lawmakers to form a bipartisan commission to set standards that could prevent the systems’ misuse and abuse by private companies and public authorities alike.
We know from history that new and powerful surveillance tools left unchecked in the hands of the state have been used to target people who have done nothing wrong, an anonymous Amazon employee wrote last week. We can sell dangerous surveillance systems to police or we can stand up for what’s right. We can’t do both.
Tony Romm contributed to this report.


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Wolf family crest
Colors on the Wolf family crest explained
Argent (silver) - is a symbol of peacefulness and sincerity, two values that mattered greatly to the Wolf family.
Or (Gold) - symbolizes the historical generosity of this ancient family.
Gules (red) - symbolizes martyrdom and the renowned military strength of the Wolf family when called upon.
Symbols on the Wolf family crest explained
The Chevron shape - symbolizes the historical Wolf family home, the importance of home for family members through the years and the safety this provides.
The three wolf heads - represents both the family name and the danger in crossing or betraying members of the Wolf family alongside the relentless nature of their perseverance and hard work.
The lion - represents ferociousness, bravery and valour, one of the most desirable family crest symbols.
Click to purchase this family crest or browse other family crest offers.
Origins of the Wolf family name
The Wolf family name is thought to originate from the personal name Wolf, which was common among early Germanic people.
The name Wolf is derived from the Old German word wulf, which also means "wolf."
Likely a connection to someone who was considered strong or skilful in battle.
For a more detailed history, see our crest & history products
Summary of the Wolf family and the Wolf family crest
- The first officially recorded use of the Wolf surname was in the 13th century, but its use would have existed from far earlier.
- The Wolf family name was first found in Bavaria in Germany, where the family was anciently seated.
- The first recorded use of the name Wolf was in the year 1250, when a man by the name of Heinrich Wolf.
- The family name Wolf is thought to be associated with the Germanic tribe of the Vandals.
- The Vandals were a Germanic tribe who invaded and occupied parts of the Roman Empire in the 5th century.
- The Vandals were defeated by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century.
- The Wolf family was originally a noble family, and over the centuries they acquired a number of properties and titles.
- In the 18th century, the family's fortunes began to decline, and they lost many of their properties.
- Some family members still retain the title of Baron Wolf, and many family members continue to live in Germany today.
- The family name Wolf is also found in other countries, including Austria, Italy, and the United States of America.
- The Wolf family first came to America in the late 1600s.
- The first known Wolf ancestor in America was Matthias Wolf, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1683.
- Matthias Wolf was a weaver by trade and settled in what is now Berks County, Pennsylvania.
- The Wolf family name has been associated with Pennsylvania ever since and the name has spread throughout many states as the family built its reputation on hard work on reliability in the early days of the United States.
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domain: history


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At Mainline Computer Products, we offer custom cabinetry, credenzas, tables, work surfaces and just about anything our clients require ensuring a complete control room solution.
Our Consoles are modular, and adaptable, giving operator’s flexibility in any control room environment. Console options feature monitor support system which offer the ultimate in adjustability. Monitor viewing angles and sight lines are easily optimized based on personal needs. Our Console designs match your operation requirements and budget.
Look to Mainline Computer Products to assist you with your Technical Furniture and take advantage of our 25 years plus in providing Console Solutions to the IT Industry.
Free Design & Consulting Services
Please Contact us at (800)686-5312 or E-mail: email@example.com

domain: design


text:
As the London Olympic mascots, Wenlock and Mandeville, greet visitors with their expressionless, chilling, cyclopean stares, we remember the controversial unveiling of the previous Summer Olympics mascots. In this excerpt from Tom Scocca's Beijing Welcomes You: Unveiling the Capital City of the Future, we learn the…
This month, the Atlantic Cities picked up a batch of photos by David Gray of Reuters, purportedly documenting the waste and ruin left behind by the 2008 Beijing Olympics. A lot of people are excited by this. But the pictures are dishonest crap.
Duct tape, two loaded guns, a cross-country journey in a dilapidated car; yep, spring is in the air. And that's when a young man's fancy turns to thoughts of love, and Shawn Johnson.
Kellogg's recent dumping of Michel Phelps as its spokesman had at least one unexpected consequence: The sudden appearance of about 3,800 pounds of cereal at the San Francisco Food Bank.
Sweden's Ara Abrahamian, who tossed away his Olympic bronze medal in disgust because he thought he had been cheated out of the gold, now, um, wants the bronze back. [The Local]
Got an image you'd like to see in here first thing in the morning? Send it to email@example.com. Subject: Morning crap.
Michael Phelps Inc.™® is returning to Beijing, this time to provide every man, woman and child with a brand new car. Expect gas here to be $9 per gallon by next year.
So, the next few days will be chock full of end-of-year retrospectives. We'll do our own as well. Today: The Beijing Olympics.
Came in fourth in the 100 butterfly at the Summer Olympics? There's still hope for a medal. Oh, and if you already have one, we'd suggest hiding it. [NBCSports]
Matos "as predisposed and indignant," after being unjustly…

domain: news


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The Ultimate Guide to Mattress Toppers for Seniors: Pros and Cons
With age, sleep needs change, and getting the right mattress is more important than ever for optimum health. However, buying a new mattress might not be an option, which is why it’s important to find the right mattress topper. These useful add-ons can make a mattress more comfortable, give it more support, and even make it last longer. Of course, like with many things, there are pros and cons to mattress toppers, which are reviewed in this blog. In addition, it’s important for seniors and the elder care team to assess other issues that might be a barrier to a beneficial night’s sleep.
In the meantime, take a look at some of the reasons to, or not to, consider a mattress topper.
Understanding the Benefits of Mattress Toppers
One of the best things about using a mattress topper is that it makes the bed feel more comfortable right away. Seniors might experience immediate relief from aches and pressure points, contributing to better sleep.
There are many mattress toppers that are made to give extra support to places like the back and hips. This can help seniors who are dealing with diseases like arthritis or back pain.
Generally, mattress toppers are more affordable than purchasing a new mattress. This makes them a great alternative when money is tight.
Some mattress toppers are made with cooling technologies that can help adults who have trouble keeping their bodies at the right temperature at night. This is especially beneficial in bedrooms that tend to be warm.
It is easy to clean and take care of mattress tops. Most of them can be washed in a washing machine or have covers that can be taken off and washed separately. With assistance from their elder care team, seniors can be reminded to include their mattress topper in the weekly wash routine.
Reasons Why Mattress Toppers Might Not Be a Good Choice
Lack of Consistent Support
While seniors can get extra support from mattress toppers, they might gain better support from replacing the mattress, especially if the support provided isn’t consistent.
When compared to mattresses, mattress toppers don’t last as long. Depending on the quality and type of material, the need for replacement might raise the total cost over time.
Moving and Slipping
This is one of the most common cons when considering mattress toppers for seniors. Some mattress toppers might not stay put, which could cause them to move around and slip off during the night. For some seniors, this movement may be annoying and even wake them up.
Adding a mattress pad can make the bed taller, which can make it harder for some seniors to get in and out of bed, especially if they have trouble moving around.
Mattress toppers can be very helpful for older people who want to sleep better but don’t want to buy a new mattress. But it’s important to carefully weigh the pros and cons and think about the specifics before choosing one over the other. Seniors can also gain advice from medical professionals and their elder care team when making the decision.
If you or an aging loved one are considering elder care in Pacific Beach, CA, please contact the caring staff at Aaron Home Care. (619) 880-5522
A Trusted Home Care Agency Serving La Jolla, Pacific Beach, Point Loma, San Diego, UTC, La Mesa, Chula Vista, Coronado, Bonita, Eastlake and the surrounding areas.
- Aaron Speaks on His Start and His Passion for Senior Care on The Bryan Devore Connection - March 1, 2024
- Symptoms Of Kidney Disease Seniors Should Know About - February 21, 2024
- Home Sweet Home: Adapting the Home for Senior Post-Hospital Recovery - February 5, 2024

domain: health


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Information, business partnership and networking
ESA in general, and the SME Policy Development Office in particular, have conceived a number of initiatives to strengthen the flow of information to SMEs, and to facilitate networking and business partnerships.
These initiatives can be of great benefit to smaller companies and include:
- the SME Projects Database illustrating capabilities and achievements of SMEs,
- the SME Database, a searchable database exclusively dedicated to SMEs, currently containing information on more than 600 SMEs listing their expertise, services, technologies and products,
- the University-Industry Relations Database presenting the technological and research competencies of universities and research centres in ESA Member States, as well as the partnerships and relations between universities, research institutes and industry,
- the ESA Industry website (http://www.esa.int/industry), a knowledge base presenting aspects of how to do business with ESA and access to more than 7500 contractor reports and ESA working papers from completed activities,
- this website: the ‘SME website’ (http://www.esa.int/SME) with coverage dedicated to SMEs working with, or interested in working with, ESA,
- documents and brochures available in printed format (upon request by email to ESA’s SME Unit) or downloadable in electronic form from ESA’s Industry website and the SME website, e.g. SME Technology Successes, volume 1 and volume 2.
Last update: 13 August 2009

domain: library


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According to a new study published in the Journal of Economic Entomology (http://bit.ly/AlYBUM) by University of Florida researchers, a key amino acid essential for human nutrition is also an effective insecticide against caterpillars that threaten the citrus industry.
The Lime Swallowtail, or Citrus Swallowtail, is a well-known agricultural pest from southern Asia discovered in the Caribbean in 2006, and researchers say its potential impact on the U.S. citrus industry is cause for serious concern.
"Everything that's in the Caribbean eventually gets to Florida Florida is an invasive magnet," said UF lepidopterist Delano Lewis, lead author of the study published in the current issue of the Journal of Economic Entomology. "That's why we're trying to make the first strike to see how to stop it."
Experiments conducted on the UF campus at the Florida Museum of Natural History's McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity and the College of Medicine show when methionine is sprayed on leaves, it is 100 percent effective in killing larvae related to the Lime Swallowtail caterpillars within two to three days. If not controlled, the caterpillars can completely defoliate young wild lime plants.
Because the Lime Swallowtail, Princeps (Papilio) demoleus, is invasive and cannot be legally brought into the U.S., researchers experimented using a genetically related surrogate with a similar life history and appetite for citrus, the Giant Swallowtail, Heraclides (Papilio) cresphontes. Because these pest caterpillars have the same body structure and biology, researchers are confident methionine will also control the Lime Swallowtail, Lewis said.
"Its effectiveness is based on the biochemistry of the insect gut, so although this work was done on a surrogate, the methionine will block the ion channel in the same way," Lewis said.
Methionine is needed in the hum
|Contact: Richard Levine|
Entomological Society of America


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Barcelona vs Levante: prediction for the La Liga fixture
Barcelona didn't record a single victory on September so far. Catalan club recently played the first match in the Champions League. Bayern came to Camp Nou and left no chance to the hosts (0:3).
In space of a week The Blaugrana failed to record a victory in any of two matches. On Monday, team managed to avoid a defeat against Granada (1:1) scoring an equalizer at 90th minute, then they failed to record a victory over Cadiz (0:0).
In the previous match Barca had some chances, but overall it was a poor performance. Two red cards were given in this match - the first one to De Jong and then Ronald Koeman was sent off in added time.
Before the next match hosts have nine points and they are only at the 7th place in the standings.
Aguero, Alba, Balde, Braithwaite, Wague, De Jong, Dembele and Pedri won't be able to help their team in the match against Levante.
Levante have other problems. In six rounds of the current season The Frogs failed to find a victory. Valencian team had four draws. which brought them four points and a 16th spot in the standings, dangerously close to the relegation zone.
We should note that Granotes have no problems with the offense, but they are conceding 1,5 goals per game on average. They had a chance to win the match against Celta, but they were unfortunate. Roger missed the penalty and his partners failed to convert other chances into goals, while Celts hit only two shots on target, both of them were converted into goals.
Bardhi, Campana, Cardenas and Soldado won't be able to play in the match against Barcelona.
This bet won in 2 out of 3 most recent matches of the visitors
Catalan club won 3 out of 5 most recent head-to-head matches
This bet won in 4 out of 6 most recent matches of Levante
In 3 out of 5 most recent head-to-head matches goals were scored in both halves
A number of players in the squad of Catalan club are injuried, but today they will play at home and there is an opportunity to do rotation. We think that situation at Levante is more difficult than at Barcelona. We are expecting a victory from the favourite.
Our prediction - Asian handicap (-1) on Barcelona
Prediction: Handicap (-1) on Barcelona
Do you agree with this bet?0 votes
Barcelona are still playing without the leader in the offense, but it will be hard to claim this position. We are expecting to see an attacking football from Barcelona, so we offer to place a bet on them to win by two goals.
Our second bet is on Barcelona to win by two goals

domain: game


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We attended a meeting at Steinbeck Winery tonight and got there just as the sun was setting. It's unfortunate that the sun was setting behind buildings and power lines, but that could not be helped. At least you can still see the sunset. The birds on the wire are a bonus.
I took another photo after the sun went down but was still lending color to the clouds.
This last one focuses on the tree with the sunset in the background.

domain: geography


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Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: Comparison in a multi-institutional setting.
Kidney neoplasms-renal cell carcinoma; Kidney neoplasms-surgery; Nephrectomy-methods; Propensity scores; Retroperitoneal space-surgery; Robotic surgical procedures
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate retroperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) against transperitoneal approach in a multi-institutional prospective database, after accounting for potential selection bias that may affect this comparison.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Post-hoc analysis of the prospective arm of the Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative database from 2014-2018. Six hundred and ninety consecutive patients underwent RAPN by 22 surgeons at 14 centers in nine countries. Patients who had surgery at centers not performing retroperitoneal approach (n=197) were excluded. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was done to account for potential selection bias by adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, side of surgery, location/size/complexity of tumor, renal function, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and year of surgery. Operative and perioperative outcomes were compared between weighted transperitoneal and retroperitoneal cohorts.
RESULTS: 99 patients underwent retroperitoneal RAPN; 394 underwent transperitoneal RAPN. Hospital stay in days-median 3.0 (Interquartile range [IQR] 2.0-4.0) transperitoneal vs. 1.0 (1.0-3.0) retroperitoneal; p
CONCLUSIONS: In a multi-institutional setting, both retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approach to RAPN have comparable operative and perioperative outcomes, except for shorter hospital stay with the retroperitoneal approach.
Kidney & Diabetes
Arora, Sohrab; Heulitt, Gerald; Menon, Mani; Jeong, Wooju; Ahlawat, Rajesh K; Capitanio, Umberto; Moon, Daniel A; Maes, Kris K; Rawal, Sudhir; Mottrie, Alexander; Bhandari, Mahendra; Rogers, Craig G; and Porter, James R, "Retroperitoneal versus transperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: Comparison in a multi-institutional setting." (2018). Articles, Abstracts, and Reports. 510.

domain: medical


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The country of grassy plateaus, crystal blue lakes, snowy peaks and colorful mountain terrain, describing Macedonia begs linguistic effort. Diverse and abundantly rich, it a place of unprecedented beauty.
Located in the center of the Balkan Peninsula, and home to over 2 million people, it is blessed with Mediterranean climate, colorful geography, and breathtaking scenery aplenty. Secluded, however, from the rest of the world, it remains largely forgotten.
The goal of this website is to give Macedonia the extended treatment it deserves, promoting cultural heritage, heavenly nature, and royal cuisine. Our vision is to describe the Macedonian experience – as it is – providing a personal pocket guide throughout your entire stay.
Lifting the curtain, a proper introduction seems adequate. We are a happily married couple, currently residing in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, invested heavily into exploring this amazing destination. My name is Slavko and I do most of the writing, while Meri accompanies me on every adventure, helping along.
We understand how traveling can mean so many different things to so many different people, so we try to reflect this on the Macedonian experience – creating this multimedia guide, our camera goes from charming and urban cities, to remote off-road destinations. As a kaleidoscope run wild, Macedonia can offer a sensory overload of another kind.
The Macedonian experience is tremendously diverse. Artisan workshops and cultural events can satisfy the acquired taste, while the historical, traditional part of the picture can captivate almost everyone. Foodies, on the other hand, will equally enjoy the Macedonian cuisine, while nature aficionados will find a heaven-on-Earth for many outdoor activities including mountain biking, paragliding, horseback riding, kayaking, and many more.
We will talk about the urban jungle of Skopje, but write in depth about the countryside as well. Filled with vineyards, canyons, and postcard worthy attractions, it is the center of the Macedonian adventure.
Planning each trip outside of the popular tourist agenda, we try to create a personal travel narrative. One that is locally unique, and colorful enough to capture the full scope of what this country has to offer. The list, long as it is, will feature many places to visit, and many things to do. Eventually, you will discover this beautiful country for what it is, and fall in love right away.
Seeing, though, how we are older than six, not everything is flowery prose. Resting on the sidewalk of European integrations for years on end, Macedonia will introduce you to some frustrating obstacles as well. Dealing with them is our everyday routine, so expect lengthy guides on how to find your way around. To compensate, however, for many of its shortcomings, Macedonian adventures come on a budget. Affordable beyond expectation, they are definitely going to prolong your visit.
From cost of living, transport, nightlife, hospitality and accommodation, to interesting trivia and local know-how, expect to learn everything you need to know about Macedonia. Visiting Skopje, Ohrid and everything in between, you will enjoy an unforgettable vacation, paying lip service for years on end.
Welcome to our site, and this amazing country!


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Invasive Species Resources
Displaying 1 to 3 of 3Search Help
Great Lakes Commission.
Aquatic invasive species inflict millions of dollars of ecological and economic damage to the Great Lakes, with impacts on coastal industries, water quality, native fish and wildlife and human health. Recently, Blue Accounting, in partnership with state and federal agencies, launched a new suite of web-based resources and tools to support early detection of aquatic invasive species in the Great Lakes. The earlier new aquatic invasive species are detected, the easier and less expensive it is to avoid potentially devastating consequences of a large invasion. The new tools released by the Blue Accounting initiative help target efforts to focus on high-risk species and locations across the 11,000 miles of shoreline and 94,000 miles of surface area that make up the Great Lakes basin.
The Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) is asking the public to be on the lookout for spotted lanternfly, an invasive insect with the potential to seriously affect Michigan's agriculture and natural resources. This insect could damage or kill more than 70 varieties of crops and plants including grapes, apples, hops and hardwood trees. To date, spotted lanternfly has not been detected in Michigan. First found in the United States in 2014 in southeastern Pennsylvania, spotted lanternfly has been spreading rapidly across the nation. Infestations have been confirmed in Delaware, Virginia, New Jersey, Maryland and West Virginia. If you find a spotted lanternfly egg mass, nymph or adult, take one or more photos, make note of the date, time and location of the sighting, and report to the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, MDA-Info@Michigan.gov or phone the MDARD Customer Service Center, 800-292-3939. If possible, collect a specimen in a container for verification. For additional information on identifying or reporting spotted lanternfly, visit Michigan.gov/SpottedLanternfly.


Plant trees? Been there, didn't do that
Published 10:00 pm, Tuesday, October 3, 2006
As the founder of PlantAmnesty, a non-profit group to promote better tree care, I have had occasion to follow the city of Seattle's attempts at improving urban forestry for the past 20 years. It has been discouraging in the extreme.
Although the mayor's interest in the Draft Urban Forest Management Plan is surely a positive sign, most of the "green people" I know reacted to its release with pent-up frustration. It seems like deja vu all over again. The "management plan" is actually the second step following a "strategic plan" for the urban forest that the city sponsored seven years ago. The city and many stakeholders, including myself, participated in creating it. Although the current plan -- all 81 pages -- has many well-crafted suggestions, it seems like yet another plan to make a plan, to do something meaningful, maybe sometime in the next 10 to 30 years. By then we will have lost another 50 percent of our tree cover.
What is missing, of course, is a sense of urgency. We know what to do, and we've known it for years and years. We just need to do it. And that will take courage, commitment and leadership. We've never had it from our government -- we desperately need it now.
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Careful reading of this plan documents the government's long history of non-support of urban forestry. The "phantom" tree crew (the one that is continually being added, and then cut, over and over) and the always-about-to-be-adopted street tree ordinance are but two examples. There have been some valiant efforts by individuals within the various departments but their programs, too, eventually succumb to the budget axe. Most of the real improvements in the city's canopy cover have come from citizen initiatives, not from council or mayoral leadership.
Mayor Greg Nickels' free tree giveaway is similarly being met with rolled eyes. Like Mayor Paul Schell's Millennium Woods Project (another tree giveaway), it gives the public a false sense that something is being done. It is not. Tree preservation (or canopy cover) is, at its heart, land preservation. We cannot keep cramming more and more trees on less and less land.
The Draft Urban Forestry Plan includes the research that proves the dollar value of trees. This is all known but never really believed by the public or the government. Spending money on planting, preserving and maintaining trees saves taxpayer dollars; it does not waste them.
Likewise trees do not cause homelessness and cutting trees down will not cure it. Trees do not cause crime and cutting them down will not stop it. Most of all -- with regards to land-use laws -- pitting trees against low-income housing is an absurd and offensive assertion. The builders who are forwarding such a notion should be ashamed of themselves. Poor people, especially, need to have their domiciles cooled by trees. The wealthy can simply turn on the air conditioning during those 90-degree days, which, you may have noticed, are occurring with greater and greater frequency.
Specifically, we need to stop the chronic underfunding of urban forestry in Seattle, and we need to get serious about legal requirements. As any gardener or arborist will tell you, the people who take care of trees (and landscapes) are the last hired and the first fired. As a result, we wind up replacing trees and landscapes rather than maintaining them. This costs us infinitely more money in the long run.
We don't need another three-person tree crew -- we need another 30 arborists, most of whom will be code enforcers for the new laws and regulations.
We need some real tree protection and increased setbacks on multiunit and commercial sites, and we need new requirements for tree preservation on construction sites. We need to quadruple maintenance budgets, not just for the next four years, but forever. And we need to buy land, while there is still any out there to turn into green spaces, treed or otherwise.
Mostly we need to realize that such funds and laws are not a frivolous expenditure on ornamental trees but the very last chance we have to keep global warming, air pollution, excessive storm water and erosion from ruining our city. Rich, poor, homeowners and business will, in the end, be saving their money and their city.


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Exclusive CCTV visuals of gas leakage from LG Polymers near Vizag
Leaking of styrene gas from LG Polymers at RR Venkatapuram near Visakhapatnam caught on CCTV footage at 3:30 am on Thursday. After inhaling poisonous gas, hundreds of people and animals fell unconscious within a few seconds.
In the mishap, ten persons died and many were admitted in various hospitals. A criminal case was registered against the LG Polymers. The state government has constituted a panel to probe the reasons for the leakage of gas from the chemical plant. Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy has visited the KGH and consoled the affected, who were undergoing treatment.


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If Hans Clevers (63) had not become a researcher, he says that he would have liked to be a novelist. One can only wonder whether these novels would have been as fascinating as the scientific story that the Dutch molecular geneticist is writing. At the Hubrecht Institute in Utrecht, Clevers and his team developed a way to grow miniature versions of our organs outside the body. Such ‘organoids’ are now used in laboratories across the world – including in Leuven. Among other things, they enable scientists to study diseases and to predict how patients will react to medications.
“It was immediately clear that we were looking at something spectacular. In two or three months, those cells had produced an enormous amount of tissue.” The euphoria that he felt at the time comes straight back to the surface when Hans Clevers tells us about the great eureka moment – his second – that he experienced in 2008. Along with the Japanese postdoc Toshiro Sato, Clevers had made a plan to make a stem cell from the intestine of a mouse divide in a Petri dish. The prevailing dogma about stem cells claimed that this was impossible. But Clevers and Sato thought they could do it. It was just a question of providing the right growth factors, blocking the right processes, and creating an environment in which stem cells could thrive: a gel that acts like the connective tissue that envelops cells in the body. “They seem to enjoy being there, whatever that might mean,” Clevers says.
And enjoy profoundly, so it turned out. He saw this immediately when the modest Sato asked him to come and take a look. “Our intention was to use one stem cell to make many stem cells, but it was immediately clear that something else was happening.” The cells had formed a structure that looked like a mini-intestine and in many respects, it also seemed to work like a real intestine. The first organoid was born. “That is what they call serendipity,” Clevers says.
Our intention was to use one stem cell to make many stem cells, but it was immediately clear that something else was happening.
The right flag
Discovering something that you weren’t looking for: it is only possible if you keep your perspective wide open and are not afraid to stray off the path that you had set for yourself. This describes Hans Clevers to a T. He studied biology and medicine, appeared to be predestined for a career as a paediatrician, but ultimately decided that he was more of a researcher than a medical doctor. He went to Harvard to do a postdoc and then became a professor of immunology at Utrecht University and University Medical Centre Utrecht.
The focus of his research shifted to the intestine when he studied one of the chemical languages that cells speak, the so-called ‘Wnt pathway’. Many of our organs contain stem cells that repair damaged or worn-out parts by making new cells. The stem cells in the intestine are exceptionally active: they ensure that the epithelium – the inner layer of cells in the intestine – is renewed every five days. The Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in this process. “When we blocked it in mice, epithelium regeneration also stopped,” Clevers says. “On the other hand, an excess of Wnt pathway signals leads to the proliferation of cell division. This leads to polyps, a preliminary stage of cancer.”
These were important new insights into healthy and diseased intestines, but Clevers also wanted to know where precisely these stem cells are located. This requires markers – a little ‘molecular flag’ as Clevers calls it. “My British postdoc Nick Barker and I tried all kinds of little flags for two years, with no success. And that is no surprise because everyone thought those stem cells were in a different place than they ultimately turned out to be.”
Thanks to a little flag called LGR5, they eventually found the stem cell all the way at the bottom of the crypts, the pits in the intestinal wall. It was Clevers’ first eureka moment. “We had made a cell blue and we saw a blue stripe running upwards. Then you know that this cell made all of these daughter cells on its own in a week. That was the first time that someone really saw a stem cell in action.”
Black and white prediction
Two years later, it became the blueprint for the development of the organoid method. This technology has developed considerably over the past decade: from mouse to human tissue, from the intestine to a whole series of other organs. There are now miniature versions of the liver, the lungs, the stomach, the kidneys and the pancreas, among others. These are no longer only the work of Clevers and his colleagues in Utrecht. Researchers across the whole world are now using their recipes to create organoids.
The enthusiasm is understandable. These mini-organs are able to replace many forms of animal testing research and they offer unprecedented possibilities. For example, you can use an organoid to test whether a particular medication will be effective on an individual patient. This is an application that Jeffrey Beekman, a molecular biologist at the UMC Utrecht, developed with Hans Clevers for patients with cystic fibrosis, a hereditary condition that disrupts water and salt circulation in the body. This results in thick mucus that causes obstructions in the airways, the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. Cystic fibrosis is the most frequently occurring genetic disease in this region.
It has long been known which gene causes the problem, but there are more than two thousand mutations that can cause the disease. “An American company had been the first to bring a medication onto the market that corrected the workings of that gene,” Clevers says. “This as such is an incredible miracle. The medication was developed to treat a commonly occurring form of cystic fibrosis that affects about fifty percent of patients. The other half had no access to the medication, though it might also have helped some members of that group.”
“To test this with the patients themselves, you have to administer the medicine over a long period of time, to ascertain whether the condition of the lungs regresses further or not. With an organoid, you can do this much faster. In only a week, you can take some rectal tissue and make mini-intestines, and then see whether the medicine works. It provides a genuinely black and white prediction of whether the medication will work. We were thus able to ensure that all the patients with a positive organoid test would be reimbursed for the expensive medication.”
“There are now several more cystic fibrosis medications, which are currently in the test phase. Utrecht is coordinating a European trial to research whether these medications can be matched to individual patients.”
In a similar way, it might be possible to adapt cancer treatments to specific patients, Clevers says. “If you are diagnosed with cancer now, you are put in a group of which the statistics are known: ‘the five-year survival rate is this or that percent, this is the best therapy, and this is the second best.’ But you don’t know whether that is actually true for you. Approximately forty percent of cancer therapies helps to a greater or lesser extent, sixty percent do not. But there are side effects in one hundred percent of cases, and they are considerable.”
It would thus be a major step forward to be able to test the therapy outside the patient first. An additional advantage is that you can offer the patient a working therapy immediately, Clevers explains. “You can treat the disease in an earlier stage than if you have to wait and see until the second or third medication works. And you avoid inflicting the damage that non-effective therapies can have.”
He is absolutely convinced of the potential of organoids for cancer treatment. “We can grow ninety percent of the cancers that occur in adults. Last year, about five articles were published showing that for intestinal cancer, organoids can correctly predict sensitivity to a medication in 80 to 90 percent of cases. This must all still be confirmed in large validation trials, of course. In the meantime, companies are working on equipment to make the tests faster and cheaper.”
Organoids are not only very useful outside the body, but they can also be sent inside the body as reinforcements. Clevers’ research group – in cooperation with Mamoru Watanabe in Tokyo – demonstrated this in mice with inflamed intestines that function as models for inflammatory bowel disease in humans. “The inner coating of the intestine absorbs nutrients, but also keeps the content of your intestines out of your body,” he explains. “If there is a leak in the coating, such as if you suffer from Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, bacteria try to escape, and this causes chronic inflammation.”
You can solve this problem by ‘repapering’ the intestinal coating, as Clevers describes it expressively. And this layer of ‘wallpaper’ is an organoid. “You need the organoids to stick, so there must be a blood supply immediately. Technically, this is not easy, but Toshi (Toshiro Sato – ed.) managed to find a stem cell in mice with which he made it work. We used it to make many mini-intestines, which we then froze and sent to Tokyo. They implanted the organoids in forty mice with inflammation of the large intestine. To our great surprise, the organoids spontaneously started grafting to the damaged sections of intestinal coating. They opened up and repaired the holes, almost like a band-aid.”
This technique is currently being tested in Japan with human organoids in patients with chronic intestinal inflammation. If this new step proves successful, organoids might make transplants of certain organs unnecessary in the future, Clevers predicts. “You could build a biobank with mini-organs made of tissue from living donors who let you take a section of organ and then just go home. That would allow you to help patients at a time when the diseased organ still has considerable structure. You wouldn’t need to build a whole lung or liver weighing a kilo and a half. And the patients wouldn’t need to wait for an organ from a road casualty. The organoids would just be ready in the freezer.”
Different kettle of fish
Fixing failing organs using organoids: it is music to the ears of people who want to live a few years longer. But Hans Clevers does not see this as the most important application of his work: “Ageing research is now an enormous field, but it doesn’t really interest me. Our stem cells are strong enough for us to reach eighty or ninety years old. It is like an old car. Things eventually start going wrong.”
“This might sound a little obvious, but it is better to do something to help somebody earlier in life. A seventy-year-old patient with lung cancer who has smoked their whole life: I wouldn’t wish it on anybody, but a three-year-old child with a neuroblastoma (malignant tumour – ed.) weighing a kilo is a different kettle of fish.”
Caring for sick children is thus a leitmotif in his career. For example, he was one of the driving forces behind the foundation of the Princess Máxima Centre for pediatric oncology, which is also in Utrecht. The basic premise for the centre is that all Dutch children with cancer should be able to receive treatment in one place. “It is unique in the world,” Clevers says. “It was politically very complicated to get this done. But we simply knew that there is a smaller chance of things going well in certain hospitals than in others. This centre brings together the best care with the best research. And you can take that quite literally: the coffee machines are placed in such a way that the doctors, nurses and researchers simply have to meet one another.”
Ageing research is now an enormous field, but it doesn’t really interest me. It is better to do something to help somebody earlier in life.
At the Hubrecht Institute, the most interesting conversations likewise occur around the coffee machine, as Professor Marc Ferrante knows from personal experience. He is a gastroenterologist at UZ Leuven, researcher at TARGID (Translational Research in GastroIntestinal Disorders) and one of the three nominators of the honorary doctorate that Hans Clevers will receive from KU Leuven. Ferrante spent a year in Utrecht as a postdoc. “Professor Paul Rutgeerts quickly realized that organoids could be useful for Leuven research into inflammatory bowel diseases, which he pioneered,” Ferrante says. “So I went and worked at Hans’ lab in 2010. At precisely the right time: until then, they had only made organoids from mouse tissue, and I was able to work on the first applications with human tissue. For a clinician, that is of course much more interesting.”
Following his research period in Utrecht, Ferrante brought the recipe for the organoids to Leuven. There was great interest in them, he says: “I think at least ten in-house research groups came to learn the technique. For research into cystic fibrosis, for example, I provided the knowhow and we still consult regularly with colleagues in paediatrics. I taught them how to take the biopsies and process them. The Leuven cystic fibrosis clinic has now used the organoid model for several years, in close cooperation with Jeffrey Beekman’s group in Utrecht. They use organoids to determine which patient is eligible for which therapy, and they participate in the larger European project that Hans mentioned.”
“For our own research into the mechanisms of the development of inflammatory bowel disease, the great advantage of organoids is that we can grow a lot of intestinal tissue in a short time. We can simply keep it in the freezer and use it when we need it. We distribute it on a ‘Transwell membrane’: on one side of the plate, we imitate the content of the intestines and on the other side we simulate what happens in the patient’s body, namely the immune system.”
Various research groups in Leuven that use organoids have founded a network for further interdisciplinary cooperation. One of the driving forces is the group of Professor Hugo Vankelecom at the Department of Development and Regeneration, which developed organoids of the endometrium in 2017. This breakthrough opens new perspectives for research into (in)fertility and into diseases of the endometrium, such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer. The organoid models that the group derived from diseased tissues will help to understand the pathological conditions better and develop new medications. The KU Leuven technology is currently being tested for applications in reproductive medicine, which a start-up will eventually use in practice.
“We also worked on the endometrium in Utrecht, but we had to let Leuven get the scoop,” Hans Clevers says. “I actually think it is brilliant that our technology is applied across the world and that some researchers do things better and more quickly than we do. Incidentally, Matteo Boretto, the first authors of those Leuven papers, now works in my lab.”
When you hear ‘stem cells’ and ‘Leuven’, you of course also think of Catherine Verfaillie. Her ground-breaking research focuses on embryonal and pluripotent stem cells, which can make everything, while Hans Clevers works with adult and organ-specific stem cells. Nevertheless, his insights have also given an extra dimension to the research at the Stem Cell Institute Leuven, says Verfaillie, who is likewise nominator of the honorary doctorate. “If we try to make liver cells from pluripotent cells, for example, we see that things happen in a three-dimensional system like an organoid that we cannot imitate in the classical two-dimensional Petri dish. You end up with cells that look much more like liver cells. In other words, you might say that Hans Clevers has demonstrated that the cells are smarter than we are.”
Organoids and COVID-19
The question that many scientists are asked these days: can your research contribute to the fight against COVID-19? “Chinese scientists with whom we cooperate have made organoids of the horseshoe bat, the species that is linked to the virus,” Hans Clevers says. “The virus appears to grow incredibly well on bat intestines. This means that it is very likely that it originated there.”
Along with colleagues in Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Maastricht, Clevers’ team demonstrated with organoids that the corona virus can infect intestinal cells and can multiply there. Scientists in Leuven are also researching what the virus does in the intestines. “We have made organoids of healthy people and of patients with a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine,” Marc Ferrante says. “Among the latter group, we saw that the ‘entryways’ for the virus became more prominent if we caused inflammation in the organoid, while that did not happen when we did the same with the organoids of healthy people. Experiments in which organoids are infected with the coronavirus itself may confirm that patients with such a chronic inflammatory disease have a higher risk of more serious symptoms if they contract COVID-19.”
In their search for powerful viral blockers, virologists at the Leuven Rega Institute also use organoids. “Before we test a therapy on laboratory animals, we first verify whether it works in human organoids,” Professor Johan Neyts says. “Among other things, we use organoids of tissue from the airways, which we infect with the virus. On the outside, they make contact with the air, just like our airways do, and on the inside, there is a growth medium, which functions like blood. To this we add the antiviral substances and we then analyse how they impact the proliferation of the virus. We applied this method successfully, for example, when we researched the effectiveness of Favipiravir, a Japanese flu drug. In the next step, we demonstrated that it has an antiviral effect in hamsters that are infected with SARS-CoV-2. In several countries clinical studies are now being conducted to study whether the medication also protects humans against COVID.”
According to Hans Clevers, organoids can also play a role in preventing future epidemics: “Thirty to forty coronaviruses have been found in bats alone. You can barely research them because they don’t yet grow on human cells. If these viruses make you sick, it is already too late, so we would like to research them in advance. Organoids are a good way to do this. The question is whether the world is ready to make the funds available.”
Furthermore, the bat is not the only animal of which organoids have been made. Researchers in Hans Clevers’ group developed a method to grow the venom glands of snakes in the lab. They actually managed to make the glands produce and secrete venom. This offers new perspectives for the development of antidotes and medications that are based on components in the venom.
Just like a stem cell needs the right growth factors and environment to make an organoid, a laboratory also needs the right stimulants to be successful. This is one of the strengths of Hans Clevers, Marc Ferrante says. “His lab is a well-oiled machine: it is organized so well that it could only produce brilliant results. He encourages his researchers to propose new ideas and ensures that they have the necessary time and financial means to develop them.”
“I think of it more as organized chaos than a well-oiled machine,” Clevers says. “But it is true that I have always ensured that there is a lot of money for my people, and especially for research on the margins because that is where all of the important discoveries are made. We make an artform of trying things out all the time without turning them into longer-term projects. I tell my researchers: ‘Keep an open vista and do as many tests as you can. If you see a pattern, we will all look at it together.’ That is the philosophy of the lab.”
The human mind controls an enormous amount of what you think you know and see, Clevers says. If you start from a hypothesis, you will simply try to prove it. “You hammer away in one single direction and close your eyes to anything you might find along the way. During my postdoc in the United States, I learned how to ask really fundamental questions: you barely understand the content of the question yourself, let alone what the answer will look like.”
He is therefore also very concerned about the direction in which science seems to be going, with an increasing emphasis on research that yields results quickly. He says that developing a career like his would probably very difficult for young researchers today. “If I were to start over, and I only did the things of which I could promise that I would have the appliance or test in two years… That is called translational research, but if you make no new discoveries, there will soon not be anything left to translate.”
Of course, he looks with particular interest at the situation in his own country, which he knows like the back of his hand, in part because from 2012 until 2015, he was president of the KNAW, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. “Unbound research is under pressure across the world, but in the Netherlands the shift is enormous,” Clevers says. “During the last financial crisis, the Ministry of Finance managed to redirect significant portions for the education and science budgets to industry research. Your ideas are irrelevant if there is no immediate corporate interest.”
I have always ensured that there is money for research on the margins because that is where all of the important discoveries are made.
Fortunately, his own scientific achievements have by no means gone unnoticed. The list of his awards is long and ranges from the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences to the title of Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. And he will soon also be a doctor honoris causa, for the first time. This is also a great honour for KU Leuven, says Professor Séverine Vermeire, who heads research into inflammatory bowel diseases in Leuven and is the third nominator of the honorary doctorate. “People who are not afraid to explore new avenues and who are open to surprises, those are the people who innovate and inspire. Hans Clevers will no doubt continue to do this over the coming years.”
Indeed, Clevers does not intend to rest on his laurels. “I have resigned my administrative responsibilities and have returned to the lab full time,” he says. “We are doing amazing things. For example, we are working hard to acquire permission to launch our own biotech company focused on an application of our organoid technology for metabolic diseases such as diabetes and fatty liver disease. We think that we can really make a difference there too.”
What about that alternative dream career as a novelist? Is it still a latent presence somewhere? “I don’t know if there is any certainty that I would be very good at it, but I would very much like to write a real book, yes. Doing something meaningful outside my own scientific world would give me great pleasure.”
Virtuoso with video
“There is nobody else who makes such beautiful animations (see example below) to convey his message,” says Séverine Vermeire. “These videos present his results in an accessible and incredibly clear way, while this is extremely complex matter.”
“They were initially intended for scientific conferences, not for the general public,” Hans Clevers himself says. “But when I was chair of the KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), I often had to speak to politicians and journalists, and they also immediately understood what they were seeing.”
“The man who makes the animations for me, his name is Jeroen Huijben, does so brilliantly. I write a screenplay and provide figures, and he uses them to illustrate the videos. He sometimes sends me reactions like: ‘This cell is here and it cannot go there because I cannot animate that.’ This shows me that there is a transition in my story that is not completely clear, or two things I need to separate. If it doesn’t work in a video, it won’t work in a Nature article.”
The videos are now a permanent fixture of his presentations. “You see people sit back in their chair: they are entertained and they understand what they are seeing and hearing. I used to make the mistake of giving my complicated presentation and then showing the video. Now I start with the video, so everyone is already convinced and can understand my presentation perfectly.”

domain: biology


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A strong fourth quarter defensively paired with another impressive showing from freshman Kennedy Lane were key factors in Head Coach Natalie Payne’s 200th win on Tuesday, as the E-gals topped Ohio County 53-46 on the road.
It was Lane that helped give Apollo a strong start, as she scored eight points to lead the way to a 15-12 lead following the first quarter. The E-gals didn’t have the same luck offensively in the second, as freshman Abby Sapp scored all six of their points while the Lady Eagles bounced back to take a 27-18 halftime lead.
Lane and Apollo came out of the locker room dialed in though, as she grabbed 11 points to help cut their deficit to 38-35 going into the fourth. Lane only had five in the fourth, but teammates Sapp (five), Jennifer Lee (four) and Gracie Survant (four) followed suit while holding OHio County to single digits in the quarter to complete a 53-46 comeback win.
Lane led all scorers with 24, while Sapp finished with 11 and Lee had nine points. Apollo moves to 7-15 after snapping its two-game losing streak, looking to grab back-to-back wins when they take on Warren Central at home at 3 p.m. on Saturday.


CHARLESTON, W.Va. — West Virginia Republican gubernatorial nominee Bill Cole has criticized Donald Trump for his recently released comments about women.
Cole released a statement Saturday that as a father of two teenage daughters, he was offended by Trump’s remarks, which were recorded in 2005. Cole has endorsed Trump and appeared with him at a rally in May at the Charleston Civic Center.
Cole says that demeaning women “is never acceptable.” He says he understands that Trump has apologized for the comments, and Cole says he hopes it is a lesson that Trump carries with him in the future.
While dozens of other Republicans have called for Trump to quit his campaign, Cole made no mention of it. Trump says his campaign will continue.
Cole faces Democrat Jim Justice on Nov. 8.


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Piece description from the artist
"View full original version.":http://benmollner.com/scarletchemist.htm
My name is Ben, I'm 26, and I grew up in Colorado and spent some time on the west coast where I began painting. I have a passion for design and have been at it for 10 years. I also just finished dental school, and will be practicing dentistry to help pay the bills (ha!). Actually the freedom born of the disconnect from not having to support myself with art has allowed my creativity to grow in directions I could never have expected. Everything I put out is because I want to, not because I have to. That's a beautiful thing.

domain: artistic


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All hope isn’t lost; there is help for your chronic rhinitis!
Rhinitis occurs when the mucous membrane in your nose becomes inflamed and swollen. This leads to other painful symptoms such as runny nose, itching, sneezing, and a nasal drip. For most people dealing with rhinitis, it may not be that bad. It could flare up every few years or even just once. But for some people, fighting rhinitis can be a constant struggle in their lives.
If you can never breathe, go through countless boxes of tissues, and have tried all kinds of medicines without any success your rhinitis may be chronic. Chronic rhinitis is rhinitis that lasts for more than four weeks at a time. Sufferers of chronic rhinitis know all too well the misery it can bring to one’s daily life. Trying countless medicines and sprays without results can lead someone to believe that lasting treatment isn’t possible. But that just isn’t true.
RhinAer™: The Solution You've Been Looking For
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How does the RhinAer™ procedure work?
The RhinAer™ Procedure will shift the function of your posterior nasal nerve by using radio-frequency technology to breach your nasal lining. The posterior nasal nerve is essentially what contains the glands that produce mucus so altering it can lead to less mucus production when the rhinitis is triggered.
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For facts about the concert series or Fishing for Fun, contact the Keller Parks & Recreation Department at 817-743-4050. Bear Creek Park is located at 400 Bear Creek Park Rd. Young Cities, Mayday Parade & More: Denver Live Music Weekend Picks Nov. 5 Mohawk Place will be playing host to Buffalo locals Erickson, Inlite, and Sunday Radio this Labor Day Sun. Also hitting the stage will be Vega Under Fire of Naples, Educational facilities. The " 9 p. More information about Imagine Dragons Concert Coast To Coast Deals January.
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Palm Oil Aids Cancer Spread — New Study
Fatty acids (FAs) are the main building blocks of the fat in our bodies and the food we eat. They can serve as fuel for metabolic pathways.
There are three main types of FA, categorized by their chemistry: monounsaturated FAs, which are associated with a reduced risk coronary heart disease, polyunsaturated FAs, which are protective against the risk of dementia and coronary heart disease, saturated FAs and trans fats, which are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.
More than 20 kinds of FAs are in foods, and according to the American Heart Association (AHA), “For good health, the majority of the fats that you eat should be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated,” as opposed to saturated or trans fats, which people should avoid.
Rewiring the cell
Cancer cells can rewire their metabolism to produce the energy needed for their growth and ultimate survival. FA metabolism plays an important role in providing energy and macromolecules for cancer development.
Palm oil and cancer spread
A study has now shown that palmitic acid, an FA found in palm oil, which is a common ingredient in cakes, biscuits, and chocolate, can increase the metastasis, or spread, of cancer.
According to an earlier study, from 2019, more than 65%Trusted Source of deaths due to solid tumor cancer had metastases as a registered contributing cause.
Metastasis happens when cancer cells come away from the main tumor mass and enter the blood or lymph streams, allowing them to travel and grow into tumors in other parts of the body.
The new study, published in Nature, has sought to understand whether different FAs cause changes that increase the risk of cancer metastasis — and if so, how?
Dr. Salvador Aznar-Benitah, of the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, in Barcelona, led the research. The team exposed human mouth and skin cancer cells to three dietary FAs: palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. After 4 days of exposure, the researchers transferred the cells to where they would belong in mice. They received a typical diet.
None of the FAs promoted cancer formation, but palmitic acid, the main saturated FA in palm oil, promoted the increased expression of genes associated with metastasis and the size of existing metastatic lesions.
The effects of FAs may differ, depending on tumor type. For instance, in this study, oleic acid inhibited the spread of both mouth and skin cancers, but previous studies found that it promoted cervical cancers.


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Awais was convicted by a civil court
An Israeli court has sentenced a militant Palestinian leader to life imprisonment for masterminding attacks that killed 14 Israelis and injured dozens of others.
Nasser Awis was given four consecutive life sentences, plus another 50 years' imprisonment for planning and carrying out a series of attacks.
He is alleged to be a senior commander of the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade - which has been linked to the Fatah faction of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat - and a senior aide of Marwan Barghouti.
Mr Barghouti, the West Bank Fatah leader, is also being tried in an Israeli civil court on terrorism charges.
Nasser Awis, 33, has refused to co-operate with the trial, saying the court represents Israeli occupation.
He also denied having confessed any military link to Mr Barghouti and said his affidavit had been forged by Israeli intelligence, the French news agency AFP reported.
"This is another manipulation against the Palestinians... The Israeli people should understand they have no future as long as the occupation continues," he was quoted as telling the court.
Barghouti: Most senior Palestinian official in Israeli custody
Nasser Awis was convicted of involvement in a number of attacks, including one on a Tel Aviv restaurant, another on a banquet hall in the central town of Hadera, and a hotel in the coastal town of Netanya.
Mr Barghouti, the secretary general of the Fatah Movement, is accused by Israel of heading a terrorist organisation responsible for the death of 26 Israelis.
However, he too refuses to recognise the competence of the Israeli court.
Mr Barghouti was arrested in April 2002, but his trial did not start in earnest until last month.
Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade emerged shortly after the outbreak of the current Palestinian intifada in September 2000.
The brigade is neither officially recognised nor openly backed by Mr Arafat and Fatah, though brigade members tend also to be members of Fatah.


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22.01.2020Eye-opening study from Cincinnati Children's suggests that lack of sun can lead to problems beyond seasonal affective disorder. Yes, fat cells deep under your skin can sense light. And when bodies do not get enough exposure to the right kinds of light, fat cells behave differently.
07.01.2020One day, soldiers could cool down on the military battlefield – preventing heat stroke or exhaustion – by using "wearable air conditioning," an on-skin device designed by engineers at the University of Missouri. The device includes numerous human health care applications such as the ability to monitor blood pressure, electrical activity of the heart and the level of skin hydration.
20.12.2019An international team of brain researchers achieved a breakthrough in uncovering a switch-like mechanism that flips the brain between two motivational states in larval zebrafish, a model organism in neuroscience. How the brain switches between states is a central mystery in neuroscience.
25.11.2019Researchers of the Faculty of Science of the University of Malaga have designed a low-cost T-shirt that generates electricity from the temperature difference between the human body and the surroundings. We are talking about the e-textile prototype, developed in collaboration with the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa based on sustainable methods and low-cost materials like tomato skin.
15.11.2019Wearable, smart technologies are transforming the ability to monitor and improve health, but a decidedly low-tech commodity - the humble toilet - may have potential to outperform them all.
03.06.2019For most people, enjoying a good quality of life means having the ability to move freely, safely and independently. Intensive and costly rehabilitation is needed if this is no longer an option after a stroke for example. We are introducing some projects that deliver innovative robotic solutions.


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TOXIC paints a picture of wickedly fragile humanity in the era of social media. In a rapidly changing world filled with uncertainty, both physical and psychological perfection is required. Power is tied to identity, bodies have become merchandise and the responsibility has been thrust upon the individual. Has our reality become a nightmare that is performed as a daydream?
Susanna Leinonen is one of Finland’s most internationally renowned choreographers. Leinonen’s works are known for their stunning visuality, as they combine demanding physical contemporary dance with classical ballet technique. The artistically uncompromising productions have thrilled critics and audiences both in Finland and abroad. Over the years, Susanna Leinonen Company has performed in nearly 30 different countries.
Choreography: Susanna Leinonen
Dancers: Emmi Hakala, Camilla Keihäs, Aaron Saira, Tatiana Urteva and Susanna Leinonen
Visualisation: Sari Nuttunen and Susanna Leinonen
Costume design: Sari Nuttunen
Video: Ville Seppänen
Duration 60 min


NORTH PLATTE — Miss Nebraska State Fair Mariah Cook has won the right to shorten her title to Miss Nebraska.
Cook, a senior at Chadron State College, won the Miss Nebraska 2012 title Saturday, and she will represent the state in January's Miss America pageant in Las Vegas.
Cook won the talent competition with her piano performance Friday.
Cook said she is looking forward to meeting people all across the state while serving as Miss Nebraska during the next year.
The first runner-up was Miss Omaha, Mindy Schreiber. The second runner-up was Miss Lincoln, Rachel Foehlinger.


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Here is a sneak peak at The Voice UK 2015 coaches singing together to open up the new show and series, which starts on Saturday 10th January.
This series introduces new coach Rita Ora who joins Will.i.am, Sir Tom Jones and Ricky Wilson.
The four musicians get together to sing a version of Republica’s Ready To Go to kick off the first show, and the full performance can be seen on Saturdays show.
Each coach will be ready to press the buzzer in a bid to start filling 12 hopefuls on their team and as always, contestants will be performing to the backs of the coaches whilst singing to win them over.
If more than one coach ends up turning round, its up to the contestant to choose who’s team they want to join taking into consideration who they feel will suit them best as a developing artist and the coaches will do all in their ability to persuade the singer to be part of The Voice UK 2015 journey with them.
Watch the performance below:
The first episode of The Voice UK 2015 hosted by Marvin Humes and Emma Willis will be on at Saturday 10th January, 7pm on BBC One.

domain: entertainment


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Cape town to Swaziland
Flights from Cape Town to Swaziland is the best and easiest way to travel from South Africa’s Mother City to the Kingdom of Swaziland.
Swaziland is a sovereign state situated in southern Africa. The country is neighboured by Mozambique to its east and by South Africa to its north, west and south.
The duration of flights from Cape Town to Swaziland are approximately 4 hours and 35 minutes. The duration of these flights can vary depending on the number of stops between Cape Town and Swaziland.
The following airline offer flight flights from Cape Town to Swaziland (Manzini):
- South African Airways via Johannesburg
- British Airways via Johannesburg
- Air Botswana via Gaborone, Johannesburg
Interesting facts about Swaziland:
- The Kingdom of Swaziland gained their independence from the United Kingdom in 1968.
- Swaziland is also known as Ngwane and is also the smallest country in Africa.
- The official languages of Swaziland is SiSwati and English.
- Majority of the citizens of Swaziland practice indigenous beliefs and Christianity is the second highest religion practiced there.
- Swaziland is home to one of the world’s oldest mines.
- The country boasts with a variety of wild animals such as elephants, lions, leopards and rhinoceros. It is also home to a number of birds.
- Swaziland is big on exporting canned fruit, citrus, refrigerators, cotton yarn, wood pulp and sugar.
When travelling to Swaziland, it is recommended for travellers to visit the Swazi Cultural Village. It is a historical Swazi village that boasts with beautiful waterfalls and talented traditional dancers.
The Swazi Cultural Villages along with the Hlande Royal National Parks have both received a Certificate of Excellence. At the Hlande Royal National Parks, visitors are bound to see some of the most majestic creatures of Africa.
Book your flights from Cape Town to Swaziland with Cheap Flights To by clicking on the link above and experience a truly African country!


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Here’s another great video from the Eater Channel on YouTube. Check it out.
On this episode of Prime Time, the Meat Hook butcher Ben Turley and Brent Young visit Decoy in New York City, where chef Joe Ng shows them how to make Peking Duck.
Eater is the one-stop-shop for food and restaurant obsessives across the country. With features, explainers, animations, recipes, and more — it’s the most indulgent food content around. So get hungry.
Subscribe to our YouTube Channel now! http://goo.gl/hGwtF0

domain: food


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The market is as unpredictable as the weather. We'd love to help you prepare.
Have A Question About This Topic?
Estimate how much you have the potential to earn during your working years.
Assess whether you are running “in the black” or “in the red” each month.
This checklist can give you a quick snapshot of how prepared you are.

domain: economics


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Your cart is empty.
A clean line Scandinavian Modern flush mount / ceiling lamp, hanging from a short nickel-plated brass stem. The frosted glass focal plate combined with the white glass ring around the three light bulbs, makes for a very atmospheric light.
The collection of Bloomberry has been driven by the cultural reference between architecture, art and design.
The quality of our collection is reflected in the sophistication of craftsmanship and the character of the scars of time. Our restoration workshops are built around the same principal and work to the highest degree of craftsmanship. Bloomberry is housed in a former textile factory located near Maastricht.
Bloomberry offers worldwide shipping.


Perfect for cold weather coverage, our Memoi FirmFit Warm Control Top Tights feature a non-binding comfort waistband, toning around the waist/middle, rear lift support and gentle shaping panels to give you that smooth, comfortable feel and flawless figure. Available in black or brown.
Fiber:65% Nylon, 35% Spandex
Product Care:Machine Wash Cold In Mesh Laundry Bag With Like Colors. Do Not Bleach Or Iron. Lay Flat To Dry.


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They were sitting, side by side. A human vid was playing on their holoprojector, a quiet thing, of slow cinematography. It helped, but it didn't. It wasn't enough to sooth their damaged minds, it was barely enough to calm them. Even if only for a little bit.
They were holding hands, fingers lightly clasped between them. If Calo focused, he thought he could feel the hum of cybernetics under the brown skin. The heat between their palms eased him. It wasn't always so. Sometimes, touch between them was overwhelming, scary. But right there, it was enough.
The vid went on, the credits passed, the menu song playing on loop lulling them into a state of stasis. Their hands remained holding each other, Kalyan tightening his grip almost imperceptibly wih the beat of the music. They didn't look at each other's eyes, but their gazes were drawn to mouths, shoulders, cheekbones. Dancing around the edge of eye contact, but never crossing the line. It was enough. Right then, it had to be.
Kalyan moved first, thumb making circles on Calo's wrist. It was soft at first, then more forceful, like he was slowly building courage for something more. Calo feared. Calo wanted. They breathed, deeply and in tandem, following each other at least there. Sometimes they sighed, falling off-rhythm, yet somehow, they always went back to it. If either were prone to philosophical introspection, they'd find something of a message there. But they weren't, so there was silence instead - rarely, there was hope.
The first tug went unnoticed; too light, too little, not enough to be registered by a brain descending into apathy. The second was more forceful, a surprise, so sudden and unexpected that Calo elected to ignore it. The third was no tug at all - Kalyan simply pulled their hands closer to him, to his face. The warm breath on their fingers made them shudder (in tandem, on rhythm). The lips, chapped and pressing oh so softly against the knuckles of Calo's hands, made him keen. A high pitched noise, not of discomfort or lust. He couldn't say exactly what, but it was close enough to longing to count.
Kalyan froze, fear and confusion etched on his features. His body's language was subtler now, but the quarian learned to read it. He had to. It was worth it. It was worth it to know that he should tighten his fingers' grasp on Kalyan's. To offer comfort, encouragement. He forced himself to relax his shoulders, his arm, but not his fingers. Slowly, Kalyan breathed again, waiting, eyes fixed to the slim hand in his. Carefully, as if he was dealing with the most delicate of creatures, he brushed his lips over the same two knuckles. He tried to imbue all his gratitude, all his love, in that gesture. It wasn't enough. It was more than enough.
Calo sighed, a soft thing slipping through slightly parted lips. He wanted more - wanted the heated kisses, the smiles against his neck, inked skin beneath his fingertips. But he feared. He feared more, feared asking for it. So he waited, patiently, looking at the man across the couch from him, head bowed down, black hair thick and lustrous. Calo felt the lips move into a downturned shape against his hand before the human’s forehead rested on top of it like it was worthy of worship.
“Thank you.” It was quiet, words closer to being shaped than said, spoken with a rough voice that saw little use. “Thank you.” Louder that time, meant to be heard.
Calo didn't answer. He didn't know how. His heart squeezed painfully in his chest, somewhere long past intelligible emotion. He wanted to scream, open the windows and scream until his throat was raw and his head hurt. But he didn't, because a bigger part of him wanted to stay put and etch that moment into his brain so that he never forgot it. Part of him wanted to cry, too, so he did. He kept his keening soft and low, a human shouldn't hear it. Kalyan was barely human anymore.
“I'm so sorry.” the murmur broke the atmosphere around Calo like a bullet. “I'm… so… so sorry.”
The quarian didn't ask what for, he didn't have to. Didn't have it in him to say platitudes of you have nothing to apologize for , either. So he stayed silent, even as he turned his entire body to face Kalyan. Slowly and with deep breaths, like he had to face a demon, the human lifted his face until his eyes were on Calo’s - vulnerable. The same black eyes as the ones of ten years ago, but not at all. In shape and color, identical, but in depth… The ones Calo saw at that moment were too filled with jagged ends and loss, broken glass trying to pull itself together into a reasonable shape. It was so much more than what he'd seen in the past few months. For a passing moment, he wondered if he should start making quips about not having a heart strong enough for this anymore. Then, again, he never had.
Kalyan’s right hand rose, just to stop halfway there to Calo. “He's afraid” , the quarian thought. “Not really” , he suplemented. He could see Kalyan’s jaw working, could even pretend to hear his teeth gritting. Those black eyes looked to the hand hanging in the air, and he swallowed dry, throat clicking, steeling himself for something.
“Can…” one deep, hissed breath. “Can I touch…” He growled in frustration, at his inability to word such a simple request (not so simple, never again simple, he had to remember).
“Yes.” Calo was surprised at himself for saying it out loud. The word hang like hope on a thread between them, waiting for something. Calo was afraid that “something” would snap the line, put them back to square one, like it had happened too many times.
It didn't, and the moment that warm hand - always hot for a human - touched his face, the keen on his throat was louder. Loud enough to be heard by anyone passing by - not that they would, because that day was a day they all left to do their own thing. Calo felt the hand shake, start to pull back, scared of hurting, maybe. Terrified, more likely. So he pushed his cheek against it, his hair brushing the brown skin.
Silence reigned, drawn out and broken only by quiet breaths. Calo took his time, to map out the new marks on Kalyan’s face, the new scars on his arms. He missed him. He couldn't say it out loud, but he knew it. He wanted to believe they both knew it. So Calo inched forward, just slightly, just enough for their arms to no longer be outstretched. Sitting on the middle ground, on no man’s land, he waited. Waited for a reaction, or lack of it. Waited for something else he wasn't sure of, but that on some level, he knew he wanted.
The response came, and his heart jumped to his throat, a reaction so common he no longer knew if it was positive or negative. Kalyan came closer, enough that their knees touched, that Calo could feel his breaths, if only slightly. They looked at each other, coyly, like teenagers with their first crush. Calo wanted to laugh at the thought - keelah , it was ridiculous to compare them to anything close to virginal. But there they were, doing nothing more than gaze at each other, cheeks flushed, waiting for something. They didn't know what, but it was there; some underlying tension that was neither delectable nor unpleasant. It was there, and so they waited.
And then they didn't. Inching forward, slowly, but surely, they closed the gap between them, until they were close enough for their breaths to mingle, and each other’s faces to be all they saw. Kalyan felt like his heart would jump out of his chest, like his face was going to auto-combust. Their eyes were heavy lidded, not out of arousal, but maybe anticipation. So, willing to take one more leap of faith, Kalyan closed his eyes, and inched forward, a movement his muscle memory knew too well to get it wrong. And at some point, their lips met.
Chapped and soft, yielding. It was a chaste kiss, no more than a close mouthed brush of lips. But it was slow and genuine, filled with so much that wanted to be said and wouldn't. It didn't last a second, nor an eternity, just a moment, just enough. They sighed against each other’s lips when it was done, both taking the stolen breath in like they needed it. Maybe they did. Kalyan rested his forehead against Calo’s, unwilling to let go, afraid that the next day would be too hard to deal with. But in the quietude that felt like growing tension to him, he heard a small voice, filled with a smile:
“Thank you, too.”


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Mortgage is a 1990 Australian drama film directed by Bill Bennett.
Dave and Tina Dodd want to buy a house. They make a contract with shifty John Napper who suggests builder George Shooks.
The film was one of a series of drama documentaries produced at Film Australia for the Nine Network dealing with social issues. It was made using improvisation. Others in the series included Prejudice.
Bill Bennett described it as one of his favourite films.
Film was a Yugoslav rock group founded in 1978 in Zagreb. Film was one of the most popular rock groups of the former Yugoslav new wave in the late 1970s to early 1980s.
During 1977 and 1978, bassist Marino Pelajić, guitarist Mladen Jurčić, and drummer Branko Hromatko were Azra members when Branimir "Johnny" Štulić brought Jura Stublić as the new vocalist. Stublić was to become Aerodrom member, but due to his deep vocals it never happened. The lineup functioned for a few months only and after a quarrel with Štulić, on early 1979, Pelajić, Jurčić, Hromatko and Stublić formed the band Šporko Šalaporko i Negove Žaluzine, naming the band after a story from the "Polet" youth magazine, which was soon after renamed to Film. The memories of the Azra lineup later inspired Štulić to write the song "Roll over Jura" released on Filigranski pločnici in 1982.
Saxophonist Jurij Novoselić, who at the time had worked under the pseudonym Kuzma Videosex, joined the band, inspiring others to use pseudonym instead of their original names: vocalist Stublić became Jura Jupiter, bassist Pelajić became Mario Baraccuda and guitarist Jurčić became Max Wilson. Before joining the band, Stublić did not have much experience as a vocalist, however, since his father had been an opera singer, he often visited the theatre and opera, and at the age of 13, he started playing the guitar, earning money as a street performer at seaside resorts.
Film (Persian:فیلم) is an Iranian film review magazine published for more than 30 years. The head-editor is Massoud Mehrabi.
Film is a 1965 film written by Samuel Beckett, his only screenplay. It was commissioned by Barney Rosset of Grove Press. Writing began on 5 April 1963 with a first draft completed within four days. A second draft was produced by 22 May and a forty-leaf shooting script followed thereafter. It was filmed in New York in July 1964.
Beckett’s original choice for the lead – referred to only as “O” – was Charlie Chaplin, but his script never reached him. Both Beckett and the director Alan Schneider were interested in Zero Mostel and Jack MacGowran. However, the former was unavailable and the latter, who accepted at first, became unavailable due to his role in a "Hollywood epic." Beckett then suggested Buster Keaton. Schneider promptly flew to Los Angeles and persuaded Keaton to accept the role along with "a handsome fee for less than three weeks' work."James Karen, who was to have a small part in the film, also encouraged Schneider to contact Keaton.
The filmed version differs from Beckett's original script but with his approval since he was on set all the time, this being his only visit to the United States. The script printed in Collected Shorter Plays of Samuel Beckett (Faber and Faber, 1984) states:
Mortgage may refer to:


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Looking for a simple city discovery tool with beautiful imagery?
Discover cities through stunning city guides with plenty of beautiful photography. Find locals you like on Townske, and check out their favourite places using the curated city guides that they have created.
WHY USE TOWNSKE?
- No account sign-up required
- Find travel inspiration with really beautiful imagery
- Research and find great local cafes, galleries and restaurants at the destinations you are planning to travel to
- Discover new venues in your own city or in a new city
Townske for apple TV gives you a selection of the best guides created by the Townske community.
And when you're ready, you can also create city guides to share your recommendations with everyone on Townske.com
|Townske City Guides|

domain: travel


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After the New Year's Eve riots in Berlin, the public prosecutor's office filed the first charges against those allegedly involved. The Tiergarten district court has two cases against two young men aged 16 and 22, a spokeswoman said on Friday. In both cases, it is still being examined whether the evidence from the public prosecutor's office appears sufficient for a trial. The RBB had previously reported. According to a spokesman, the Berlin public prosecutor's office has so far received 50 proceedings relating to the riots at the turn of the year. About two-thirds of the cases are currently being processed by the police.
The first charges relate to allegations of physical assault on law enforcement officials. The 16-year-old is said to have attacked police officers with around 80 other people in Prenzlauer Berg shortly after midnight on January 1. According to the court spokeswoman, he is also accused of assault and resisting law enforcement officials. The 22-year-old is also involved in attempted dangerous bodily harm. He is said to have thrown a firecracker at a police officer who is said to have supported the fire brigade in extinguishing an apartment fire in Gesundbrunnen.


BELGIAN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMME IN UGANDA 2010/2011
The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education and Sports, in cooperation with the Government of
Belgium, will award bilateral SCHOLARSHIPS to Ugandan Health Workers working in the Public and PNFP health
sectors, Ugandan professionals working in the Public Education and Sports Sector and Ugandan nationals (civil
servants, employees from the private sector and the civil society) for the academic year 2010/2011.
The Belgian Government provides scholarships for PhD studies, Master, Bachelor and Short Training Programmes
at Local, Regional, and European universities.
The Belgian Government actively promotes a gender balance in its scholarship programmes and candidates working
upcountry will be given priority. Studies at reputable universities all over Uganda can be funded.
Application Deadline: Friday 26th February 2010, 12:00 pm


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Turkish singer, songwriter, and composer who is known for her folk style of playing including on the hit singles "Ne Zamandan Beri" and "Bitti Omur". She is also known for her popular albums Türkü Dostlarına which was released in 2002 and Yollarına Karmı Yağdı which came out in 2007.
With a passion for music at an early age, she recorded her first album at the age of thirteen. She then attended Istanbul Technical University where she earned her degree in dentistry. She then excelled in music by winning the Istanbul Technical University Turkish Music State Conservatory competition.
In 1996, she was honored at the Turkey Music Awards for her album Bu Devran.
She was born and raised in Istanbul, Turkey.

domain: celebrity


My workflow in situations like this:
Do all keing and fx at footage native resolution (1920x1080 in your case) and resize in the Output. If the aspect ratio of the frame is different in the final requirements I may use Crop in the Output or just create a comp with the required final size, bring my initial comp in and scale to fit in (maybe re-positioning if there's a need). With this method there's no need to re-size in the Output settings.
Thanks! Just for clarification... You mention 2 different ways - the 1st similar to my point 2, however using the native resolution and then resizing/cropping in output. The 2nd is similar to my point 1, where I create a comp of the correct settings and scale to fit.
Can any of these options lead to a reduced quality in output? Thanks again.
Both will give you the best quality for the final result. The only way to loose quality is if you resized your footage, render it, then do the keying/fx and then render again at small resolution. As long as you do all your work at the best possible resolution before scaling down, you get the best possible result.