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Petrographic analysis of coals of the Ferris and Hanna Formations of Wyoming show these coals to have a high total vitrinite content (average 84.2%) and a modest liptinite content (average 5.9%). Compared to coals of similar rank (0.45-0.55% reflectance) from central Utah, these coals have about twice as much pseudovitrinite and about half as much total liptinite. Although sporinite is generally the most abundant type of liptinite maceral, resinite and sporinite occur in about equal amounts in these Wyoming coals, and resinite greatly exceeds sporinite in the central Utah coals.
Results of fluorescence spectral analysis of resinite macerals in the Wyoming coals show that there are five distinct resinite types present. Four types occur in primary globular forms exhibiting scratches and fractures indicating a brittle solid substance. In places, these four types also occur as secondary fracture fillings. Two of the four types fluoresce with a green color; one a dark green peaking at less than 440 nm and the other a yellow-green peaking at 500 nm. The third type fluoresces yellow and peaks at 580 nm, and the fourth type fluoresces orange-brown and peaks at 610 nm. These yellow and orange-brown resinites are similar to those found in central Utah coals except that the Wyoming resinites peak 30-40 nm higher. In the Utah coals, only one green resinite peaks at 460 n ; however, its spectrum has a shoulder at 470-490 nm. The fifth resinite type fluoresces a red-brown and peaks at 690 nm. It occurs only as a void-filling substance showing no brittle properties. It is indistinguishable from a similar resinite type in the central Utah coals.
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domain: chemistry


Texan songstress Charlie Faye has enjoyed a varied career. She made her solo recording debut back in 2009 with ‘Wilson St.’ which was followed in 2011 by ‘Travels With Charlie Faye’. Both had a distinct indie pop sound with a whiff of Americana. However, Ms Faye soon changed musical direction. She’d always said that the 60s were her favourite musical era – a time when pop was fun, catchy and innocent but, when the occasion demanded, could still deliver a hefty, hard-hitting message. Determined to bring back the fun and deliver the occasional message, Charlie found like-minded spirits in Betty Soo and Akina Adderly and so Charlie Faye and they Fayettes were born – a trio determined to bring back the classic girl group sound of the 60s.
Their 2016 eponymous album lived up to their mission statement and was moderately well-received. and now the girls are back with a new 12 tracker which carries on where that first album left off. In between releases the Fayettes and their team have clearly been listening long and hard to all kinds of 60s pop ‘cos on almost every track here, you can hear a distinct reference point. It’s obvious from the start. The opener, ‘1, 2, 3, 4′ is clearly based on the work of Holland-Dozier-Holland’, coming in on a loping ‘Heatwave’ drum intro. Sadly though the rest of the song doesn’t live up to what that promises. The whole thing is just a little too cute and poppy . Things get better with the next track… ‘I Don’t Need No Baby’…. a clever take on the Phil Spector/Ronettes sound. It’s so close to that sound that if I was the writer of ‘Be My Baby’ I’d be consulting a plagiarism lawyer!
Elsewhere ‘Baby We’ll Be OK’ offers more of the Spector Wall Of Sound, ‘Tonight’s The Night’ channels a classic doo-wop sound, ‘Say Those Words’ rides in on a mighty Duane Eddy twanging guitar (c’mon you do remember Duane Eddy?) while the title cut is a Brill Building pastiche. The most soulful outing is ‘Riding High’. Embellished with Memphis horns, it’s an album highlight but it’s not soul as we know and love it. Charlie Faye delivers but her vocals are a little too light – like we said up top, “cute”. But given the trio’s mission statement, there’s nothing wrong with that. ‘The Whole Shebang’… simple, uncluttered, undemanding, retro pop.


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(RNS) — Talk of schism in the United Methodist Church has prompted me to revisit the research I did in the 1980s as the Southern Baptist Convention was being transformed into the monolithically conservative body it is today. I wanted to know: How does a denomination arrive at and move through a split?
What I wrote about in my 1990 book, “Baptist Battles,” may just have some enduring lessons for what we are seeing now.
Nearly a century ago, H. Richard Niebuhr wrote “The Social Sources of Denominationalism,” and my research confirmed his contention that differences over theology or practice are rarely enough to split a denomination. The argument has to tap deeper social divisions.
It’s not that theology doesn’t matter. The Southern Baptist argument was begun by conservatives who claimed an inerrantist view of the Bible. They also definitely disapproved of the growing number of ordained women in progressive SBC churches. These were real theological differences between the parties, just as there are today between the traditional and progressive Methodists.
Those groups’ differences were also social and political, however. Southern Baptist progressives — they called themselves moderates — were more likely to come from cities, to value seminary-educated clergy and to favor women’s and minority rights. Conservatives opposed abortion and welfare and were strongly anti-communist (remember, this was the ’80s). They were more likely to have moved from rural to urban areas and to be somewhat less well-off.
In a very large denomination, spread out across the country, even such socially different groups can coexist for a long time without a split. A split also requires an organized movement to “call the question.” That’s what happened to Baptists in the 1980s, and that is what has happened to Methodists over the last decade.
Now that the Methodists have reached the precipice, the very complicated organizational work of division has to get underway, and one thing is sure: Nothing will happen quickly. Whatever division happens will unfold at multiple levels over at least a decade. Denominations aren’t just individuals who share (or formerly share) a theology. They are complex organizations with national bureaucracies, regional branch offices, local congregations and individual members. Each of those parts of the whole will come apart in different ways.
How that happens is determined by the denomination’s “polity,” that is, the way it governs itself. Baptists don’t have bishops, but Methodists do. That means that it is harder for Methodist congregations or clergy members simply to do what they individually think is right. Most critically, Methodist connectional polity means that the congregation doesn’t own its property — although this recent conference seems to have opened the way for churches to leave without giving up their buildings.
Even denominations without bishops, however, have extensive national organizations with lots of influence over what happens in local churches. They develop programs, publish literature, organize mission efforts and educate clergy.
The conservatives who took over the SBC knew that this connective tissue was their real target. They replaced members of the governing boards, then replaced the staff and eventually transformed all the national institutions into supporters of conservative theological (and political) causes. If traditionalist Methodists prevail and progressive ones leave, we can expect to see just such a slow but inevitable transformation of their national bodies.
We may also expect to see a few Methodist organizations declare independence. Among Baptists, Baylor University’s cutting of its official Baptist ties was the most noted such move. For Methodists, some of the theological schools – especially those lodged in universities – may follow that path. It means developing new funding streams, of course, but it also means “rebranding” so as to keep a claim on one’s historic identity even as the organizational link is severed.
The most visible splitting among Methodists is likely to happen at the local church level. Individual congregations will have to decide whether to stay, and if not, where to go. In some cases, that decision may divide the congregation itself, with one faction leaving to start something new. Jimmy Carter’s Maranatha Baptist is one of the more visible Baptist examples.
Some progressive congregations will choose to stay and force the fight. My old church, Oakhurst Baptist, in Atlanta, stayed, forcing each of its Baptist associations to officially vote it out (which they eventually did). Other congregations may simply exit quietly. There are about 800 United Methodist churches that have identified with the movement to accept LGBTQ members and clergy. They are the ones to watch, but others may join them.
When a church leaves, it can either join with others to form something new or join up with an existing denomination. Departing Southern Baptists formed the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship and the Alliance of Baptists, which are still going strong, but a few churches also aligned themselves with the American Baptist Churches, effectively mending the North-South rift that was created in the 1840s by slavery. The Reconciling Ministries Network may be the nucleus of a progressive Methodist alternative, but there are also overtures emerging from Episcopal and other denominations.
But what about individual Methodists? If they are like the Baptists in the 1980s, most haven’t been paying much attention to all the sound and fury. It is likely that they already attend a church that mostly matches their theological and political views, so most won’t notice much change, at least initially.
But there are sometimes crises that change that. When the issue of accepting LGBTQ persons becomes personal — a son or daughter, perhaps — individual Methodists may seek a new place to worship, and it may or may not be Methodist.
Perhaps more critically, young adults brought up Methodist are overwhelmingly on the progressive side of this issue. Their failure to pursue a clergy career — or even to stay in the church — is likely to further solidify a traditionalist future for the UMC.
The answer to how you split a denomination, then, is slowly, in hundreds of painful decisions. These will almost certainly result in multiple new, more polarized religious bodies with less diverse middle ground.
(Nancy T. Ammerman is professor of sociology of religion at Boston University. The views expressed in this commentary do not necessarily represent those of Religion News Service.)

domain: sociology


dstintf "wan2" is correct it is the hardware port but we configured it software wise as a lan port.
I tried NAT and without NAT without noticing any difference.
For my understanding of how SSL VPN Webmode works, is that the user connects to the fortigate, after he passes the authentication the FortiGate establishes a in my case RDP connection and displays the visual content to the user.
Is that correct?
I this case it would not matter if NAT is Enable or Disable because the Fortigate has direct access to the wan2 interface
Yes, of course, if "wan2" is a LAN port there is no need to NAT the traffic.
In your example, the user's host connects to the FGT, autheticates, and receives an IP address from a static range. Then the host connects via RDP (or the RDP client in the web portal) to the server. The host's source address is from the range "SSLVPN_TUNNEL_ADDR1". The target should know how to route traffic to this subnet.
And yes, you're right, no traffic would suggest the policy is dispensable. You will know for sure after looking at the traffic with 'diag debug flow'.
The Fortinet Security Fabric brings together the concepts of convergence and consolidation to provide comprehensive cybersecurity protection for all users, devices, and applications and across all network edges.


Summer seems here to stay. Check out our local weather coverage.
Here are some of the stories that grabbed our readers’ attention this week.
Every year, millions of people visit the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area to experience the windswept flowering hills, arresting vistas and towering waterfalls scattered throughout the landscape.
While the impacts of all those people might not be immediately apparent to those snapping selfies at a waterfall or short-cutting trail switchbacks, conservation managers and environmental stewards are well aware and they worry our infatuation with the Gorge’s most beautiful features is more like an abusive relationship.
Read more about the challenges of balancing recreation and preservation.
Washington’s newest distracted-driving law, which aims to curb unsafe driving due to gadget use behind the wheel, goes into effect Sunday. Here’s what’s changing:
What’s new? “The big change is you can no longer hold an electronic device — whether it’s an iPad, phone or what — while you’re operating your vehicle,” Clark County sheriff’s Detective Todd Young said. “This also includes when stopped in your vehicle.”
Find out more about the new law.
Vancouver Assistant Police Chief Mike Lester once used to enforce the laws against marijuana, but now his paycheck is partially funded by it.
“It’s a little ironic at times,” Lester said. “That’s just the way it is.”
All the money Vancouver receives from marijuana tax goes to police. That answers our latest question posed using Clark Asks.
Kay Olsen wondered: “What happens to the tax money that is generated in Clark County from marijuana sales? Could be put to good use for roads, homeless etc.”
The magical and muggle worlds may seem radically different, but they share the same deathless problems: rotten racism and good old greed.
Everything that happens to Harry Potter and his noble pals is driven by what’s essentially Nazi ideology: the supremacy of purely magical blood, the hatred of anyone mixed or “inferior” — plus one supremely bad guy’s murderous quest for eternal life. At everyone else’s expense, of course.
Learn more about the festivities.
PORTLAND — The body casts of people who were killed 1,938 years ago testify to the deadly history of volcanoes.
Those human forms represent the final moments of six unfortunate residents of Pompeii who died when Mount Vesuvius erupted on Aug. 24 in the year 79.
They are part of a new attraction at the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, “Pompeii: The Exhibition.”
Other artifacts show how the residents of Pompeii lived, including arts (fresco paintings and mosaics) and entertainment (bronze gladiator armor).
Read more about the exhibit and if it could happen here.


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The first of five leading candidates for the Gadsden City Schools Superintendent job sat down for questions before the board and about an audience of about 40 people Thursday, laying out her background in education and her philosophy of leadership.
Dr. Regina Thompson, of West Columbia, South Carolina, told board members she is an Alabama native, with experience in the Lowndes County, Homewood and Montgomery schools, as well as time as an assistant professor/coordinator of early children at Samford University.
She said she wants to come to Gadsden because she wants to come home to Alabama. She said she worked in business, becoming a top executive at Blue Cross Blue Shield before going back to school and finding that “God meant her to be an educator.”
Several questions dealt with leadership abilities, and Thompson spoke confidently of hers.
“I am a natural-born leader,” she said, who practices collaborative, servant leadership. She said she has worked to hold teachers accountable for student achievement and gives them what they need to be successful.
“I’m about being a collaborative leader,” Thompson said, “making sure people know their role and the expectations,” and involving them in decision making.
Thompson said she’s sought and accepted positions of increasing leadership throughout her career with the idea of serving as a superintendent. She described classroom experience ranging from elementary school to the university level, and said she’s held every central office position except director of operations and human resources.
“Foremost, I’ve been a teacher,” she said.
Thompson described herself as a “transformational leader,” and said she believed in bringing quick successes in student achievement.
With five qualified finalists, a board member asked, why should they selected Thompson over the others?
“My experience extends beyond many of the candidates,” Thompson said. She said she knows how to work with a school board and to bring them together – that its something she success with – and she believes in bring transparent with the board.
Establishing a rapport with people, Thompson said, is a highlight of what she’s done in other positions.
Thompson outlined her plan for student success: Be consistent, she said.
“I set the stage,” she explained, determining what’s needed, which needs to happen to achieve it, and hold meetings to align a plan. Thompson said. Data must be constantly monitored, she said, not just by administrators and teachers to see what is happening in classrooms.
“I know all students can learn,” Thompson said. She said sometimes mid-level achievers get overlooked, as teachers work with lower achievers and high-achievers are moved into gifted programs.
Those students she said “are on the edge, rocking,” so that they could fall into the lower achieving group. She said having student-centered classrooms, rather than teacher-centered classrooms plays a role in engaging all students.
Thompson said students need to be monitored from the 9th grade to ensure they are on course to graduated in four years, as well as ensuring they learn on grade level in elementary and middle school.
Thompson said she had experience writing curriculum, and ensuring it aligns with standards. She said she had “built a program of what learning should look like in the classroom,” trained teachers and given them what they need to succeed.
She said she’d worked with business and industry to re-write career-tech curriculum to meet the needs of those employers.
Thompson said the systems she’s worked in were similar to Gadsden – with a range of socio-economic settings among its students, and racial diversity. “When we make decisions, we need to look at all things about our students,” she said.
Board member Mike Haney asked Thompson about Gadsden ties. She said she didn’t know anyone in Gadsden; that she’d communicated with the Alabama Association of School Boards search team about the system.
She said she knew there were challenges for the system, that some schools are achieving at higher levels than others, that teacher-student ratios vary in the schools. She said they need to determine why.
She said she’d reviewed the system’s strategic plan, and Haney asked her who gave her the plan.
Thompson said she got it on the internet, from the school system’s web site.
Thompson’s interview was the first of five, slated to continue into next week.
Next up: Dr. J. Bart Reeves of Jasper will be interviewed at 5 p.m. Friday in the Gadsden City High School Auditorium.


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For many eCommerce websites, having a user-friendly interface is a great way to enhance the user experience. But to achieve such results they need to know a few basic strategies to improve their web features. Many business owners instead hire a web designer or expert to optimize their website in both internal and external platforms. Having your website legible in different channels and mediums is an important aspect to consider as people are more reliant on their mobile phones and devices. Being vigilant on what the consumers use and consume is the first step to successful business growth.
Graphic designers are professionals who deal with producing various digital content with the use of typography, design elements and visual aesthetics. The graphic software and tools used are the most important part of being a good graphic designer. They are mostly hired to develop social media content, website design and for developing brand image online and offline through visual content. Many companies want graphic designer services because the market today demands visually appealing designs and packaging.
Having the right tools of making wonderful graphics is the first step to being a successful professional. You should know how these tools and software work in order to make the best result. Most of the software available online are free for beginners to use, the more complex ones are usually to be bought online, they have monthly plans too. The mentioned graphic software are best considered for beginners,
- Adobe Creative Suite
The whole Adobe category of software are used in professional fields and context because it was made for industrial services. Many universities too include these softwares as electives because of how often they are used in companies and businesses. The Adobe Creative Suite is a lot more standard than the other softwares in store because it comprises applications – Illustrator, InDesign, Photoshop and so on. Most job descriptions mention a bunch of these applications for eligibility. There are different deals available for your convenience, for students and teachers the monthly plan is a lot less.
This is the most popular application that is free and is a lot similar to Photoshop. GIMP or GNU Image Manipulation Program operates in Mac, Windows, Linux. The software has a number of editing features and tools, the user interface is simple and easy to use. You can also create artworks, icons, logos and other graphic elements with the use of layerings, masking, and so much more! It’s import and export features are also exceptional. It supports a variety of file formats, from popular ones to uncommon ones.
Inkscape is a vector graphic editor which is a great alternative to Adobe Illustrator. It is free and is compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux. The features and tools are easy to use and are used to make logos, web design and print. Many tools in this software ranges from image manipulation, fill and stroke, operations on paths, formatting texts and editing. The cloning tool is especially handy with its varied options in changing size and width of the selected object. It also has useful importing and exporting settings and can do so for common file formats.
There are also tutorials online for beginners on how to create simple logos.
This software is a newcomer to the graphic design softwares in store, Affinity Photo and Affinity Designer are both of the same brands. The former deals with editing photos whereas the latter deals with vector graphic designs, it is useful for concept art, print projects, making icons, and so on. Vector-based graphics are scalable unlike pixel-based graphics and so it is especially convenient for printing. Affinity has a fast performance rate despite the size and layers of your work. Another benefit is that it is customizable according to the user. It has advanced features such as advanced control in layers, the undo option is feasible up to 8,000 steps, and file compatibility. However, this software is not free and costs $50 for each of application.
Although this software is only compatible with Mac, it has quickly grown popular among many developers in the design industry. It is a vector editor software whose use is popular in developing applications with high user interface, web and app design. The sketch is a close relative to Illustrator and Photoshop. Its features include supporting multiple artboards and pages. Users can use repeated symbols, icons and styles which are updated over a short period of time, maintain the shape of the vector even when merging and editing takes place. It is not a photo editing software and is not the best tool for print projects. It is not free and costs $100. It is a pretty good deal considering the unique features it offers.
● Having a proper setup is also important during your practices, make sure you get the best external or internal tools. You can either go for drawing tablets which are typically external hardware or get large touch screen devices like Mac or Ipad. Some of these softwares are compatible with Windows whereas others are only available for IPad and Mac. According to your budget and convenience, pick out one of the options to get started with graphic design softwares.
● On a personal level, a touch screen device with its own digital pen is convenient as it is a lot familiar with traditional drawing plus you get to see your lines on the same screen, unlike the external tablet where you’ll have to face the monitor to see the work in progress.
● Starting a channel or account devoted to your practices is a lot of fun to experiment with, you get to built your own collection of artwork and see the progress as your skills gradually improve. You can also build your design portfolio on the sidelines as you slowly fill your channel or account with personal projects.
There are free and paid courses to learn this software, the internet has a lot of learning sources. Many creators also share their own experiences, tips, walkthroughs and shortcuts on mastering certain design techniques and concepts. The mentioned software have tutorials and walkthroughs, including lessons on social media platforms such as YouTube, Instagram in the form of videos or reels.
For business owners who want graphic design services for their content making and marketing, look for graphic designers who freelance as well since the charge isn’t always fixed and mostly depends on the complexity of the workload.
To become a professional Graphic designer, you obviously need the basic knowledge of the field and skills required to make good content. Joining graphic design forums and communities also help curb your networks and learnings.

domain: design


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Right now, the U.S. economy is teetering between being able to support itself and taking a major dip. With all the madness going on in the world (and markets), I keep hearing friends and colleagues ask themselves if they’re prepared for a recession.
You know, my wife and I have been living by a rule of ours for quite some time: When times are good, you save… and when times are bad, you live.
Following that rule has made the difference between enjoying the fruits of our labor and losing everything we’ve worked for…
P.S. Didn’t you hear!?
The markets are about to be swallowed whole by a new$5 trillionmarket force… and in three months, all of our current trading strategies and tactics could become obsolete!
But lucky for you, a nick in the armor of this strange market shift was discovered…
If you don’t take advantage of it, you could be kissing consistent profits goodbye.
How does making$1,056,$1,913, or even$3,852per week sound to you?

domain: finance


JustCall<>HubSpot integration allows you to log your JustCall scheduled calls as meetings in HubSpot. Calls scheduled from the JustCall dialer or from the JustCall call scheduler, both will be logged in your integrated HubSpot account.
In order to enable this feature, follow the below mentioned steps:
Login to your JustCall account and head over to the Integrations tab.
Click on the configure button next to HubSpot in active integrations.
Head over to the General settings tab and click on the toggle button next to Create activities for scheduled calls.
Click on the Save button to apply the changes.
Going forward all your scheduled calls will appear in HubSpot as meetings.
In case you need any help understanding this feature, please use the blue chat icon on the bottom right corner to connect with our Support team.
Learn how you can enable your calls scheduled via Appointment Scheduler to be logged in HubSpot as meetings using the configuration settings.


MOUNT VERNON — Southside Diner, 620 S. Main St., Mount Vernon, will be hosting monthly classic cruise-ins this summer for the fifth straight year. Each cruise-in will be the third Monday of the month and include May 20, June 17, July 15, Aug. 19 and Sept. 16. Time will run 4-8 p.m. for each show. There is no registration fee for the show.
Each cruise-in is open to classic and hot cars, trucks and motorcycles. Door prizes, food specials and oldies music by JR the DJ of Lexington will be features of this year’s shows.
Local businesses supply the door prizes and are considered and advertised as co-sponsors for the event.
“Mount Vernon businesses have shown great support for the show. And it’s a great venue for the businesses to reach out into the community and have these cruisers visit your business,” stated Jeff Rickel, who runs the disc jockey service. “For businesses that might want to get involved, feel free to contact me at 419-884-7075.”


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- Departments H-Z
- Social Services
- Child & Adult Care
Child & Adult Care
Adult Protective Services
The King George Adult Protective Services Program is designed to help the elderly and disabled of this community. The program provides for companion aide services, some home repairs and advocacy on behalf of the elderly and/or disabled. The Adult Protective Services Worker works with the families individually, to help improve the living conditions of clients and is charged with investigating alleged elderly/disabled abuse. Abuse is defined as financial exploitation, physical/psychological mistreatment, or any treatment/behavior that results in harm to the elderly/disabled. Reporting alleged abuse can be anonymous. Reports of suspected abuse or requests for assistance can be made by dialing 540-775-3544 and asking for the Adult Services Worker or the Intake Social Worker.
Child Protective Services
The King George Child Protective Services Program is designed to protect the safety of children who are being abused or neglected. The CPS Worker is charged with investigating allegations of suspected mental/physical/sexual abuse as defined by State policy. Reports of suspected abuse can be made anonymously. Reports of alleged abuse will be taken by the Intake Social Worker during normal working hours. The number to call is 540-775-3544. If you wish to make a report anytime outside of normal working hours, the caller can call the State Abuse Hotline at 800-552-7096 and they will notify the agency Social Worker.
Where allegations of abuse meet the State established criteria for a valid complaint, and they rise to the level of an investigation, an investigation will be opened. Where complaints do not rise to the level of an investigation but still meet the State criteria for a valid complaint, the matter will be approached directly with the family using the Differential Response System. This system is designed to provide specific services which to help to resolve the problem the family is having.
The Agency takes all complaints of abuse/neglect seriously and will respond accordingly. Where criminal actions may have taken place, the King George Department of Social Services will report and work with the King George Sheriff's Department to complete the investigation. Complaints that are made maliciously will be reported to the Commonwealth's Attorney for action.


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- Tibi 'Savanna' Popover Sheath Dress
Tibi 'Savanna' Popover Sheath Dress
Elegantly streamlined, this cap-sleeve sheath has a popover top that naturally flows into a low-slung asymmetrical front tie, lending a modern slouchy-chic attitude to the style.
- 35" length (size 8).
- Keyhole back with button-and-loop closure.
- Extended cap sleeves.
- 55% triacetate, 45% polyester.
- Dry clean.
- By Tibi; imported.
- Available online only.
Sizes: 4, 6
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It’s spring break again. Lying in bed, Bella muses,
Last spring break I’d been hunted by a vampire too. I hoped this wasn’t some kind of tradition forming. (15.1)
As Jacob and his pack are busy hunting Victoria, Bella wonders if it’s a bad thing that they all refer to her as Jacob’s "girlfriend." She decides that as long as Jacob knows the difference, she doesn’t care.
At work, Mike asks Bella if she’s dating Jacob, because Mike obviously has a huge crush on her too. She says no. They’re just friends. Mike’s response: "Girls are cruel" (15.11).
Jacob tells Bella that it’s very difficult to control your transformation into a werewolf. Case in point: Emily. Sam lost his temper once and she stood too close.
At the same time, Jacob seems more skilled than all the others werewolves. He shifts his shape more easily and, due to his family background, has the strongest werewolf blood running through his veins. And he’s fast. Apparently faster than a vampire. (Faster than Edward?)
Bella tells Jacob of the fateful day when James bit her and Edward sucked out the venom in an amazing act of self-control. She remembers that Alice foresaw her dying and becoming a vampire, which, to Bella’s agony, never happened.
During the following weeks, Bella tries, unsuccessfully, to distract herself in La Push while Jacob goes about his werewolf business. Jacob promises to take her cliff-diving soon.
The next morning, however, the wolf pack detects a fresh Victoria trail. Alone again, Bella feels her hole acting up. It doesn’t help that she’s worried about putting Jacob and his friends in danger by involving them in her wrecked life. Desperate to hear Edward’s voice and to quench her pain, she decides to go cliff diving by herself:
I knew this was the stupidest, most reckless thing I had done yet. The thought made me smile. The pain was already easing as if my body knew that Edward’s voice was just seconds away. (15.141)
Bella flings herself off the cliff. She safely lands in the water. That was easy – if it wasn’t for the current. Bella quickly accepts that she’s going to drown:
I didn’t want to fight anymore… I was almost happy that it was over… Oddly peaceful. (15.173)
Her last thoughts go to Edward, "Goodbye, I love you" (15.180), just before the current shoves her against a big rock.

domain: literature


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JR East is offering one couple the chance to marry aboard one of their Yamanote Line trains this October in order to celebrate their 141st birthday and the 50th anniversary of the introduction to the line’s signature green colour.
Applications will be accepted over the next three weeks for the ceremony, which will take place on October 14th. During the ceremony the train will complete a 60 minute lap of Tokyo, stopping at each station but keeping the doors closed, forcing commuters to watch the group’s joyful day as they realise they’ll have to wait for the next – even busier – train. The combination of both a wedding and a train delay is possibly the perfect storm to provide the full spectrum of human emotion.
For those unfamiliar with the unbelievably efficient, yet completely de-humanising experience that is the Yamanote Line, it travels through 29 stations (including the three busiest in the world) in a looped route round Tokyo, carrying an estimated 3.68 million passengers a day. In comparison, all 12 of the London Underground’s subway lines carry a total of 2.7 million people through 275 stations each day.
Unfortunately for onlookers, the wedding won’t be rush hour themed, with guests’ faces pressed up against windows and the bride and groom forced to kiss as salarymen stand so close their balmy, moist breath steams up their eyeballs. A maximum of 120 guests will be invited aboard eleven trains, which are usually capable of cramming 1,000 people, making for what we imagine would be a pretty fun wedding.

domain: news


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After recently toying with the idea of imposing term limits on elected officials, Buffalo Grove Village Board members ultimately decided a process already exists to limit a trustee's time in office – local elections.
A hotly debated issue at the state level in recent years, the issue of term limits in Buffalo Grove came up during a board meeting Oct. 2 after resident Craig Horwitz and others requested a discussion on the issue.
Although some members said they initially were in favor of local term limits, a majority of the board pointed to how local elections provide for natural term limits, noting how the board has seen plenty of turnover in recent years.
"Elections have been, and should, continue to be the answer," said trustee Jeff Berman.
If the board decided to support the idea, Buffalo Grove could have been one of the few municipalities in Illinois to enact term limits locally, including neighboring Lincolnshire and five other communities from the region, according to village documents.
Before the meeting, village staff provided the board with a survey from the Northwest Municipal Conference that detailed area communities' different polices on term limits and also a 2013 report from Tinley Park's Term Limit Commission, authored by Douglas Cantor, who is finishing a dissertation on the subject at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Aside from Lincolnshire, officials in Des Plaines, Glenview, Niles, Rolling Meadows and Wilmette all said in the Northwest Municipal Conference survey that they have placed term limits on local officials.
Earlier this year, a city councilwoman from Naperville started her last term on the board, becoming the first local official affected by a binding referendum in 2010 that established term limits in Naperville.
In a May 2017 story in the Naperville Sun, Brad Cole, executive director of the Illinois Municipal League, said most municipalities in the state don't impose term limits.
During the meeting Oct. 2, Buffalo Grove Village President Beverly Sussman concluded local elections do serve as natural term limits on officials after reading about some of the downsides of formal limits detailed in Cantor's report.
"I always thought I'd be in favor of term limits," Sussman said.
Cantor cautioned that officials shouldn't take his conclusions in the 2013 Tinley Park report as support or disapproval of local term limits.
But he found that in communities with an unelected village or city manager, term limits generally are more popular with local voters, although it has a minimal effect on the direction of village planning and budgeting.
Another finding in Cantor's report detailed how term limits can bring in new trustees more frequently, along with new ideas to address village issues.
"No one listens to me when I say this, but the results of term limits are going to be dependent on the time, place and structure of government," Cantor said. "My conclusions should not be taken as anything for or against term limits."
Some board members also said that local elections in Buffalo Grove have proven to limit an incumbent's time on the board in recent years.
Berman said Buffalo Grove has been governed by a total of 72 trustees, who have averaged less than five years each on the board.
After Buffalo Grove incorporated in 1958, local voters have sent 11 village presidents to office with an average stay of 5.3 years each, Berman said.
Trustee Dave Weidenfeld agreed that the board has seen turnover in recent years. In 2015, local voters removed an incumbent village president and trustee, he said.
"I don't see anything here that suggests that the board isn't turning over," Weidenfeld said.
Horwitz, who requested the discussion, said that although recent elections have resulted in turnover, Buffalo Grove officials historically have been in office for longer periods. He said he is concerned current board members will fall in line with that trend, potentially stifling new ideas.
He said he may ask village officials to discuss the idea again in the future. He also said he has no plans to run for local office.
"Incumbency does give you an awful lot of leverage," Horwitz said. "You'll see an awful lot of non-change."


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text:
Skip to comments.Al Qaeda leader in Iraq sees ”start of US collapse”; Kuwait sends US$500m aid (stop laffin now)
Posted on 09/04/2005 11:47:40 PM PDT by guitarnick40
Al Qaeda group in Iraq, which is led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, on Sunday praised in an Internet statement what it said was the "start of the collapse" of the United States after the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina
"Congratulations to the Islamic nation, to our sheikh Osama abu Abdullah (Osama bin Laden) and to sheikh Ayman Zawahiri (bin Laden's deputy) for the destruction of America, which is at the forefront of evil. It is the start of its collapse."
The statement was referring to the hurricane which left some 10,000 dead.
In recent days, Islamists website connected between the storm and the "US war against Islam." According to them, Katrina was sent by God to torment the American empire.
Meanwhile, Kuwait is donating $500 million worth of oil products and other humanitarian aid to the United States, KUNA reported on Sunday. "The humanitarian aid is oil products that the devastated (U.S.) states need in these circumstances, plus other humanitarian aid to lessen the devastation these three states have been subjected to," Kuwaiti Energy Minister Sheikh Ahmad al-Fahd al-Sabah was quoted as saying.
'The statement was referring to the hurricane which left some 10,000 dead."
Although we are unsure at this time, as of Sunday night the official death toll is 59 according to Fox News, not 10,000 according to the Ali Baba press.
Zaqawri, you are dead wrong. Can't wait for the day when yoiu're just dead. You don't know Americans well, do you? You're too busy getting cowards to kidnap innocents and murder them.
these putrid creeps....
may they be put in tanks full of leeches ,
with only their heads in a stock like device above.
May all evil befall them .
I dunno, if I saw and heard on TV and thought that all Americans acted that way I could be made to believe that. Fortunately, that isn't the case.
Who cares what those Muslims say, free oil is free oil.
That's funny becuase I see the start of al-qeada's destruction.
Cindy? Who is Cindy?
Kelly they are the religion of peace. I am joking I wish he would just shut the hell up. He is a coward, I could meet him on the street and ask him for a fight he would ask someone else to take care of his business. That is how these sorry ass Muslim people work.
Wasn't she the crazy mother of that brave valiant soldier Casey Sheehan who joined the military to serve his country and get away from her?
Last I heard she was living in a ditch somewhere in Texas.
Yup, they made the same sort of miscalculation after 9/11. Now Osama's on the run and can't show his face in public, shooting behind the skirts of his womenfolk in Pakistan or Iran. Mullah Omar is in a burka somewhere plotting his revenge...one innocent bystander at a time.
They don't get the resilience and strength of the American people.
No they do not, but they are either slowly learning or quickly dying, thanks to our brave military over there takin the fight to their sandbox.
Perception is 100%. This is what I've worried about with the media trying so darn hard to destroy Bush.
The media and the left have created an impression to the rest of the world that America is on its knees and defenseless because of media hysteria.
Not true. But that is the perception.
They will take this opportunity to attack because their perception of vulnerability and a feckless leadership has been created by our poisonous media.
Very true. Plus but we all have heard about British and European tourists who fly in to DC or NYC and then want to drive to LA and Chicago and so on in 3-5 days. If THEY have no comprehension of the size of the USA, why should moslem turd worlders? They may actually believe that when NO went, 25-50% of the USA was destroyed. NO is incredibly important to the economy of the USA , but physically it's a very small part-something these creatures may not grasp.
What does this make the typhoon that killed over 100,000 Muslims in Indonesia or the earthquake in Bam, Iran a few years ago that killed 50,000 souls?
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domain: politics


text:
Investigating Prostadine Prostate Supplement Reviews: Are They Real or Fake?
Prostadine is a well-liked prostate dietary supplement that many males choose to adopt to improve their prostate well being. But they are the reviews just for this product genuine, or is it just too very good to be real? Let’s check out exactly what the reviews are saying, to see if the health supplement can truly help improve prostate wellness.
What Do The Reviews Say?
The reviews for prostadine are overwhelmingly beneficial. A lot of customers record experiencing relief from their signs or symptoms almost immediately after using the health supplement, such as lessened urinary consistency and fewer evening-time outings on the washroom. It also generally seems to minimize a few of the unwanted effects connected with an increased prostate, such as problems beginning a flow when urinating. Moreover, users are convinced that using this health supplement has improved their quality of life generally by alleviating some of the pain linked to an swollen prostate.
Are The Testimonials Reputable?
It’s tough to say whether or not these evaluations are reputable without learning more about the patient activities that each user possessed although taking Prostadine. However, we can have a look at additional factors to obtain a solid idea of regardless of whether these critiques might be accurate. By way of example, Prostadine is composed of natural ingredients like discovered palmetto and pumpkin seed gas, which has been employed for centuries as natural treatments for an swollen prostate. Additionally, there are many studies that assistance the potency of these ingredients in boosting prostate overall health. Consequently, it is actually probable that these good critiques might be accurate reflections of the items men and women experienced when using this dietary supplement.
How Can I Be Sure?
The only method to be sure if Prostadine will help you improve your prostate overall health is actually by attempting it oneself to see the way it operates for everyone. It is essential to remember that everyone’s system does respond differently to health supplements and medicines what can be useful for one individual may well not serve as effectively for one more person. Moreover, usually speak to your medical doctor before starting any new supplements or medications as they possibly can advise you about what amount would be best suitable for your own personal needs and lifestyle practices.
To conclude, Prostadine appears to have acquired its glowing track record among consumers who have used it out themselves and seasoned its benefits firsthand. As there is no certain strategy to know if a supplement will work till you try it oneself, there may be evidence that indicates its elements could supply respite from an increased prostate or some other related issues. If you’re looking into seeking a natural treatment for your prostate issues, then give Prostadine a try—you just may be amazed at how effective it could be!

domain: health


text:
Pandemic context: FOR MAY 27, 2020/VACANCE LOCATION IS PERMISE by the Ministry of Tourist, SOUS CONDITIONS. TO RESPECTER THE PUBLIC HEALTH STRESSEs and ensure your safety, WE ACCEPT THE LOCATION FOR A MAXIMUM 4 adults REMAINING TO THE ADDRESS. SEE DETAILS IN THE PRICING SECTION. Your commitment must take these rules into account.
Summer 2021: no availability. See the calendar
Treat yourself to a fun stay in this enchanting setting, on the edge of the 15-kilometre-long Lake Massawippi. Located away from the road, you can enjoy the tranquillity. Enjoy this beautiful comfortable cottage, located directly on the lake, enjoying superb views of the water, mountains and sunsets. The positioning of the cottage on the water and the amplitude of the windows give the impression of being on a cruise ship.
The cottage is a 10-minute drive from the villages of North Hatley and Ayer's Cliff. Guests can take advantage of your stay to discover the townships of Magog, Coaticook and the famous hiking trails of Mount Orford Park as well as the Wine Route.
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WOW EXCEPTIONAL SITE! 514-268-7556
CITQ Establishment No.253750

domain: travel


text:
Tension-torsion fatigue behaviour of wire ropes in offshore moorings
An earlier paper by the author discussed the behaviour of helically spun wire ropes when subject to axial load . The response of the rope varied, depending upon the rope’s construction and whether the end of the rope was free to rotate or was fixed. This paper presents the results of an extensive research programme which highlight the practical implications of the torsional fatigue behaviour of ropes with especial reference to their use in offshore applications. The results are also relevant to a much broader range of rope applications where long lengths of rope are employed such as deep mine hoisting and reversible aerial cableways. The torque which may be generated in the various components used offshore may have serious effects in both handling and installation, as well as in the longer term service (fatigue) performance.
Author: I.M.L. Ridge


The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in Kwara State has accused the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) of blackmail and sensationalism in its allegations against former Governor Abdulfatah Ahmed.
The party, in a statement signed by its publicity secretary, Olusegun Adewara, alleged that the total amount in the 12- count charge levelled against the former governor by the EFCC “is a little above N1.6billion which the then government legitimately paid to service provider as travel expenses.”
It added, “It is noteworthy that all the twelve counts allegations against Dr Ahmed bothered on alleged diversion to other legitimate government businesses and not a single of the expenditures was paid or diverted to personal account of the former governor or his associates”.
“This is why, among other reasons, our party has continued to express its concern over the suspicious conduct of the North Central command of the EFCC, which appears to have offered itself as a willing tool in the hands of the APC-led administration in Kwara state,” the opposition party stated.
The PDP also accused the EFCC of misleading the court to declare a former commissioner for finance, Demola Banu, wanted for” the same offence which the agency had willingly withdrew from the same court.”
The party insisted that Banu had not been reinvited after he had been discharged by the Federal High Court.


These two top flagship smartphones both pack high-end designs and features to boot. Here's how they stack up against each other.
With so many options out there, it can be intimidating when shopping for a new fitness tracker. That's why we've rounded up our favorite ones for you to consider.
US wireless operators are revving their marketing machines to persuade customers to switch carriers. How do you separate the hype from the reality? CNET's Marguerite Reardon offers some advice.
Choosing between the S6 and S6 Edge is one thing; you also need to learn how to use your new smartphone. Let CNET show you how.
iFixit's teardown of the new S6 shows it's not the type of phone that's easy to open or repair.
Samsung has a dizzying array of flagship smartphones. CNET's Marguerite Reardon helps you break down your options.
The Galaxy S5 and earlier Galaxy smartphones had replaceable batteries and storage expansion slots. But the new GS6 says goodbye to that flexibility in favor of a sleeker design.
The secrets to making and selling consumer electronics are spilling -- on purpose -- and that's helping hardware startups succeed.
The smartphone is the first flagship to launch with Cricket's new trio of Phone Payment Plans.
Ninety percent of companies are vulnerable to a crippling hack, experts tell "60 Minutes."


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- There is no more evident sign that anyone is a saint and of the number of the elect, than to see him leading a good life and at the same time a prey to desolation, suffering, and trials.
- He who wishes to love God does not truly love Him if he has not an ardent and constant desire to suffer for His sake.
- O Holy Mary! My Mother; into thy blessed trust and special custody, and into the bosom of thy mercy, I this day, and every day, and in the hour of my death, commend my soul and body. To thee I commit all my anxieties and sorrows, my life and the end of my life, that by they most holy intercession, and by thy merits, all my actions may be directed and governed by thy will and that of thy Son.
- May the comfort and grace of the Holy Spirit be yours for ever, most honored lady. Your letter found me lingering still in this region of the dead, but now I must rouse myself to make my way on to heaven at last, and to praise God for ever in the land of the living; indeed I had hoped that before this time my journey there would have been over. If charity, as Saint Paul says, means "to weep with those who weep and rejoice with those who are glad," then, dearest mother, you shall rejoice exceedingly that God in his grace and his love for you is showing me the path to true happiness, and assuring me that I shall never lose him.
- Take care above all things, most honored lady, not to insult God's boundless loving kindness; you would certainly do this if you mourned as dead one living face to face with God, one whose prayers can bring you in your troubles more powerful aid than they ever could on earth. And our parting will not be for long; we shall see each other again in heaven; we shall be united with our Savior; there we shall praise him with heart and soul, sing of his mercies for ever, and enjoy eternal happiness. From a letter to his mother
Wednesday, June 20, 2012
Saint Aloysius Gonzaga
Saint Aloysius Gonzaga (also known as Aluigi Gonzaga; Luigi Gonzaga) was born in 1568 A.D. at the castle of Castiglione, Italy. His family was of nobility, and Aloysius' father was a compulsive gambler. He was the cousin of Saint Rudolph Acquaviva.
Aloysius had been trained to be a soldier and courtier from the age of four. He suffered from kidney disease, which he considered a blessing as it left him bed-ridden with time for prayer. While still a boy himself, he taught catechism to poor boys. He received his first Communion from Saint Charles Borromeo.
He was educated at the courts of the Medici of Florence and of Philip II of Spain. Upon his return to Italy at the age of 18, he renounced his inheritance in favor of his brother, and entered the Society of Jesus. He made his vows in 1587.
He was the spiritual student of Saint Robert Bellarmine. When the plague and famine struck Italy in 1591, Aloysius devoted himself to the care of the sick, and became ill himself.
Saint Aloysius Gonzaga died in 1591 at Rome of plague, fever, and his desire to see God. His relics are entombed under the altar of Saint Ignatius Church, Rome. Devotion to him is widespread, and the practice of receiving communion on six successive Sundays is observed in his honor.
AIDS care-givers; AIDS patients; Catholic youth; Jesuit students; relief from pestilence; sore eyes; teenage children; teenagers; young people
Quotes from Saint Aloysius Gonzaga:
Labels: Catholic Church, Catholic Saints, Christian Heroes, Memorial, Religious People, Roman Catholic, Roman Catholic Church, Saints


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Study sets, textbooks, questions
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ANATOMY: DISEASES (D-W)
Terms in this set (65)
Nervous System- inherited condition that causes nerve cells in the brain to deteriorate
-Breaks down food, extracts nutrients into the bloodstream and excretes waste.
-Made up of the digestive tract, live, pancreas, and gallbladder.
-Integumentary System- Non-cancerous disorder of pigment-producing skin cells commonly called birthmarks or moles.
-Integumentary System- There is a loss of skin color that appears in white blotches most commonly in the face, hands, legs, legs, and genital areas.
-Urinary System-chronic inflammation condition that causes bladder pressure and pain of the bladder wall; also called painful bladder syndrome.
Interstitial Cystitis (IC)
-Cardiovascular and Circulatory System- A form of peripheral vascular disease in which there is partial or total blockage of an artery, usually one leading to a leg or arm.
Peripheral Artery Disease
-Integumentary System- The second most common skin cancer that begins in the epidermis but may grow into deeper tissue; does not generally metastasize to other areas of the body.
-Shows as a rough-surfaced skin-colored lesion.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
-Reproductive System- Growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
-Digestive System- Chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
-Immune System- A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
-Immune System- A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
-Inflammatory disease caused by the immune system attacking its own tissue.
-Reproductive System- Malignant tumor of the cervix
-Urinary System- Bacteria enter the urinary tracts and affect the process of the urethra, bladder, or kidneys.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
-Reproductive System- Cancer of the prostate gland
-Occurs in a man's prostate, a small-sized gland that produces seminal fluid.
-Protects the body from damage, loss of water, or abrasion from the outside
-Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail.
Sets found in the same folder
ANATOMY: DISEASES (W-D)
Other Quizlet sets
Lewis Ch. 33 - Coronary Artery Disease and Acute C…
Introduction to Medical Readiness (Midterm
CHAPTER 6 AND 9 P TEST

domain: medical


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I am excited to share this yummy and simple recipe with you today! For starters, it is so delicious; a slightly flaky cookie, but once it hits your tongue it starts to melt. Yumm!
The best part of this whipped shortbread cookie recipe is that it freezes really well, making it a must bake and have ready in the freezer cookie for the Christmas season. Nothing like having a get-together to go to, and knowing you have a really yummy treat you can bring along but not have to sweat over that day. Today, I made 3 kinds: Regular, Caramel Stuffed, and Mini Chocolate Chip.
Basic Whipped Shortbread
* If you have a stand mixer you'll want to use it, if not, no worries, but you will need a hand mixer.
For the special ones I made I also needed:
I've highlighted each baking method
Don't cook these little darlings until they are golden all over! Well, unless you enjoy super dry, over baked cookies.....You just want a pinch of golden on the bottom, that will ensure these stay buttery and perfect!
To freeze these, simply place into an airtight container, separating each cookie type with parchment or wax paper. Then, when you need them, take out what you need and leave at room temp until thawed, and plate/box up as needed for parties or gifts!
There are a lot f different add-ins you could do with these. For instance, instead of vanilla, you could add lemon juice, and grate some lemon peel into them. Or, you could stick a Toblerone triangle on top before baking. Or how about Earl Grey Whipped Shortbread? They are amaaaaazing! Don't be fooled though, these cookies are wonderful enough to stand up on their own!
Happy Christmas baking!
Hi, I'm Amy-Lyn!
I am the lady behind this here blog! I live in the sticks with my animals, my super handsome husband, and my
3 amazing kids!
Here you'll find things from recipes (gluten-free, paleo, and strait up junk food!), DIY ideas, thoughts on raising a son with autism, and whatever else pops into my brain! : )
Read more about me by clicking here!
Want to Stay Connected?

domain: food


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Summary: The Making of the American Landscape is the definitive text on the topic of the history of American landscapes and the cultural and historical geography of the United States. The volume, organized chronologically, covers the cultural geography of American landscapes from the pre-colonization era through the twentieth century. Each chapter focuses on a particular landscape form, and is written by a specialist on the topic. The second edition has been thoroughly revised a ...show morend updated and includes entirely new chapters on religious landscapes, landscapes of civil society, and corporate consumption venues. ...show lessEdition/Copyright: 2ND 10
25 more offers below.

domain: library


text:
More to explore:
Colorful painted piano keys
Piano art colors music
This reminds me of the Aristocats when berlioze plays the piano when he should be painting
Splatter Paint Old Piano Keys to make a colorful masterpiece!!
Alright. Who played the piano after the color run?
This is everything to me. Music, Art. Art, Music. Love the colors!
Feel the music flow through every vein in your body!
Music Art Print / Poster "Music Makes My World Go Round" 8x10 Phonograph Record Player Illustration & Quote ~ ParadaCreations
Continue playing the piano and regain my former skill and training
Bob Seger - Old Time Rock N' Roll - www.youtube.com/...
I studied piano beginning at age 6 under the direction of a beautiful soul-Miss Amanda Q. -- and I still play today.
The mind is its own place.. and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven.. ~ John Milton, Paradise Lost
Do not depend on a recording to really know the energy of a full orchestra, of a blues band sayin something, of a rocker rocking, no matter where in the world you are and where in the world the live music is from.
Maybe this will be a good way to use up some of my music gift wrapping paper?
I always wonder what the story is behind these old houses...why have they been left to 'die'?

domain: artistic


Jump to Main Content
Detached eddy simulation of flow through a circular patch of free-surface-piercing cylinders
- Zhang, Jingxin, Liang, Dongfang, Fan, Xiang, Liu, Hua
- Advances in water resources 2019 v.123 pp. 96-108
- friction, mathematical models, overland flow, porous media, statistical analysis, water resources
- The study carried out a numerical investigation of the open channel flow through a circular array of cylinders piercing the water surface. Unlike a lot of the previous research, this study took into account the influence of the bed friction and free water surface. A Zonal Detached-Eddy Simulation (ZDES) model was developed to simulate the turbulent free-surface flow. The non-hydrostatic model was discretized using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Within the patch, each individual cylinder was directly modelled by specifying the no-slip boundary condition at the solid surface. The ZDES model was verified to be able to capture the small scale turbulent coherent structures. The instantaneous and average flow fields were analysed in detail with the aid of streamline visualization and vortex identifying technique (Q-criterion). The investigation shed light on the complex interaction between the free surface flow and the cylinder array arranged into a circular patch. The complexity arises from the interplay among the separated flows from individual cylinders, interference between adjacent cylinders and the bulk porous-media effect of the patch. The study highlighted the dependence of the flow characteristics on the key properties of the patch, especially the Solid Volume Fraction (SVF). The work demonstrated the encouraging capability of the established numerical technique for the investigation of vegetated flows.


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By: George Copsis
Oklahoma University expelled members of its Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity last week because of a racial video that went viral last week. The video shows the members singing a chant that uses very offensive language towards African Americans.
The video and expulsions sparked discussions on USC's campus. The argument is over whether the students' ranting should be protected as free speech or they deserved the punishment of expulsion from the university.
Columnist Ross Abbott wrote an article in the Daily Gamecock's opinion section stating hate speech was, in fact, protected by long legal precedent and the First Amendment of the US Constitution and the expulsions were wrong.
This infuriated Shana Bethea, a fourth year broadcast journalism student. She disagreed with Abbott, citing what she says she learned in her media law classes about hate speach. She backed the expulsions.
"I get that you're saying that it's freedom of speech but no over here like it's not what it is, that's not freedom of speech, that itself is hate speech, that's basically what I was trying to say," said Shana
The students had different opinions on the subject and claimed evidence to back it up but in the end a professional was the only real end to the debate.
"The overarching thing in terms of speech when it applies is it's typically protected. We protect speech, we mostly protected speech that people don't like," said Dr. Erik Collins.
Dr. Erik Collins is a media law professor at USC and said no one cares to protect the speech we like, it's the speech people are angered by that are almost always protected.
Students were asked how they would feel if a video from a fraternity on USC's campus was leaked, and if they would agree to expell those certain students.
"I would feel betrayed you know what I mean," said USC student Sean Beech.
He says he has a lot of friends in fraternities and hopes nothing like that would happen here because he would feel betrayed by them.
Other students did not hesitate in considering those certain fraternity members for expulsion.
"If that happened here I think there should be consequences. Definitely being expelled should be seriously considered," said sophomore Alexandra Bentzlin.
The Greek letters have been removed from the fraternity house at Oklahoma University and all members had to be moved out by last night. An event will be held in Oklahoma City where a former OSU student will speak about the incident.


GreenRoom: February 2010
Atlanta Beltline now brands itself as simply Beltline. The shift is almost imperceptible but speaks volumes.
For one thing, it speaks confidence. Former CEO Terri Montague shepherded the $2.7 billion plan, aimed at creating a 22-mile ring of parks, neighborhoods and light rail around Atlanta on existing track, through controversial hurdles and legal opposition. Brian Leary, who became CEO in December, can claim success as Vice President for Design and Development at Atlantic Station, a $2 billion project that turned a brownfield into a vibrant live-work-play community that generates $20 million in property taxes annually for the city.
It also signifies ambition. What works for Atlanta, says Leary, can work for other cities: “There are Beltlines in Savannah and Macon that we haven’t found yet.”
He takes the reins of Beltline at a good time. Nearly half of the right of way has been purchased. Lots of shoveling is taking place this year at the 300-acre Westside Reservoir Park, Historic Old Fourth Ward Park, Atlanta Memorial Trail, Enota Park, Boulevard Crossing Park, D.L. Staton Park and West End Trail. The projects are scattered across the city. Mayor Kasim Reed has pledged his support. Beltline funding is secure.
However, Leary emphasizes that this project is ripe for more public investment – the 25-year time span envisioned could be shortened with more funding. “There is plenty of room to expedite the transportation elements, which would be well served by additional tools [such as a regional or state funding tax],” says Leary.
“Georgia is now competing with other states – Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina – who have passed transit funding mechanisms. Current estimate for realizing the Beltline is north of a billion, so anything from a million to $100 million would bring it forward.”
Beltline Partnership, the private partner of Atlanta Development Authority’s Atlanta Beltline Inc., has about $30 million of $60 million raised for early land acquisitions. Atlanta has invested more than $165 million; bonds from Tax Allocation Districts, which include 6,700 acres of the Beltline, have covered the rest. Leary anticipates more federal funding for the transit element, but says that may depend on the local buy-in.
“We’re a terrific candidate for federal funding,” says Leary. “The federal administration is attracted to local funding more than it has ever been – to the extent that our own commitment as a region and as a state would be received very well. We could have skin in the game on both sides, and we’ve shown that on the private side.”
Beltline Partnership has an impressive board chaired by Atlanta Gas Light president John Somerhalder. Members include Atlanta Falcons owner Arthur Blank and TBS CEO Phil Kent.
Leary brings his own “skin to the game.” Atlantic Station, the country’s biggest brownfield redevelopment, has become the national model, and there are 1,500 acres of brownfields in the Beltline’s path – 10 times the size of Atlantic Station.
“The experience we gained on brownfields is instantly exportable to the Beltline and to other models across the country. It had never been done before.”
The 35-year-old Leary himself represents a generational shift. “Atlantic Station – which was called Station for a reason – was not a visionary project; it was an evolutionary project,” he says.
Leary places a lot of faith in the Atlanta Regional Com-mission’s C-3 plan to invest heavily in transit options – not just Beltline but MARTA, commuter rail and a Peachtree Streetcar. But he stresses the importance of “ownership” and the need for the state to play a role in the capital’s future.
“Because of our railroad infrastructure, and existing right of way owned by GDOT, the state has to be a leader. You can’t do it all with the private sector. You can’t do roads privately in this country either. The railroad was here first; they are constrained but have to grow. We have to make it easier to accommodate the railroads if we’re to solidify our role as logistics capitol. The Beltline can make that happen.”


text:
Today I’m going to preach to you. But I’ll keep is short, OK?
It’s about sugar. Wa-aaay too much sugar.
I confess, I never understood what’s the point in eating sugar as is. It might be called a “glaze” or a “syrup” or… whatever, but the bottom line is: it is pure sugar that people are eating. Why? It doesn’t really taste good, it’s just sweet, nothing interesting about that, and for sure, it doesn’t do any good to our bodies. So why, why, why do so many bakeries insist on drenching and drowning their baked good in cups and layers of sugar?
I can’t stand sugar glazed pasties. There, I’ve said it.
I had a little exercise lately. I’ve been cutting the amounts of sugar in baking recipes. And you know what? Nothing bad happened. On the contrary, good things happened.
I won’t name names but with some chefs/cooks/cookbooks I learned that I can automatically omit 1/4 to 1/2 cup sugar from the baking recipes and the cake will still rise and all. For example, last week I made lemon bars. The recipe called for 3 cups of sugar but I used 2 1/2 cups instead and it turned out great—sweet just right.
A few weeks ago I looked for a yogurt cake recipe. You know how a container of yogurt can be pushed to the end of the refrigerator’s shelf and be forgotten only to be discovered one day before its expiration date? So I needed a yogurt cake recipe.
I found recipes in 2 very popular cookbooks—I won’t name names, but keep an eye open when you bump into a recipe named Lemon yogurt cake or French-style yogurt cake. The recipes were 90% identical.
I’ve decided to go with the one that uses more yogurt (1 cup compared to 1/2 cup). Both recipes use a lot of sugar: 2 1/4 cups of sugar in one and 2 1/3 cups of sugar in the other. Now, let me break it down for you:
2 1/4 cups = 36 tablespoons of sugar.
For a cake that serves 8-10 people, that’s 3.6 to 4.5* tablespoons of sugar per slice/per person!!
* If you need more visualization, 4 tablespoon = 1/4 cup. Could you eat 1/4 cup of sugar if it was not hidden in a slice cake?
I was horrified only by the thought of it so I decided to skip the sugar glaze and the sugar syrup altogether and see how the cakes turns out. Instead I used only 3/4 cup sugar total in the cake’s batter, and, what do you know… it turned out perfect!
That’s a total of 12 tablespoons for the whole cake. That’s only 1 to 1.2 tablespoons of sugar per slice/person.
I also used oranges instead of lemons for 2 reasons: 1. it looks like lemons are way more expensive than oranges, and 2. oranges are less acidic and sweeter than lemons so I could use much, much less sugar (but regardless, I think it’s better to add other ingredients to balance a lemon’s sour taste than sugar like herbs (Thyme, rosemary, for example), or honey (more natural and rounded).
I also used a thick yogurt, Greek style which has less fluid and the cake was moist.
This cake is so easy to make, you just mix the ingredients, no mixer needed, and it tastes divine!—minus the 1 1/4 extra cups sugar—delicately tangy, so fresh, with a wonderful, light crumb.
Citrus yogurt cake
1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 cup thick, Greek-style yogurt
3/4 cup sugar
3 extra-large eggs, room temperature
2 small oranges/lemons, juiced* and zested
1/2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
1/2 cup canola oil
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Grease an 8 1/2 by 4 1/4 inch loaf pan. Line the bottom with parchment paper. Grease and flour the pan.
Sift together the flour, baking powder, and salt into one bowl.
In another bowl, whisk together the yogurt, sugar, eggs, zest, and vanilla.
Slowly whisk the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients. Whisk the oil into the batter, until it’s all incorporated.
Pour the batter into the prepared pan and bake for about 50-60 minutes, or until a cake tester placed in the center of the loaf comes out clean.
When the cake is done, allow it to cool in the pan for 10 minutes. While the cake is still warm, pour the orange juice over the cake and allow it to soak in. Let cool before unmolding and slicing.
* NOTE: This is optional. Pour the freshly squeezed 1/4 cup fresh orange juice over the baked, cooling, cake, or drink it for your pleasure.


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Web Gambling & Types Of Blackjack
Part of understanding how to gamble blackjack is figuring out the terms that are made use of in the game.
Shoe - A malleable or wooden equipment that obtains various decks of cards to be dispensed.
Bet - To stake on blackjack.
Bankroll - A amount of sets determined by the player to use to play pontoon.
Bet Max - The maximum number of mints necessitated to play a game of blackjack.
Bust - Is reached in pontoon while total worth of cards for either the Merchant or the Player outclasses 21. First institution - In pontoon, the location on the far left of the speculator is named first base. This is the first set that the merchant dealings with.
Soft arm - A palm that means an Ace and owns 2 possible sums up (depending on whether the Ace owns a value of 1 or 11) neither of which surpasses 21. Soft Total - A hand in blackjack where the Ace 's cost is 11. In comparison to a Hard Total where the Ace is worthwhile 1. Stand - Player opts to end game by not acquiring any more cards.
Hit - The term for while a black jack gambler demands for another card from the merchant.
Natural – A hand of blackjack that does not require any work to be value 21. Only comprises 2 cards. This arm can't forfeit.
Push - Achieved when the worth of the Dealer 's cards as well as the Player 's cards are same, ending with neither gaining.
Depending on how many men are gaming Blackjack, the merchant will handle every single gamer 2 cards. The dealer is also dealt two cards,1 face up, and 1 face down.
Each gambler takes turns to get a card to try out as well as obtain nearer to 21 without hitting.
Winning black jack barely implies defeating the dealer 's point total without going over 21.
An ace and a ten, or a natural Blackjack, on the first two cards handled is an automatic win of player with a payout of 1,5 to 1, unless, of course, the house ties.
If both the gambler and the dealer have Natural Blackjacks after that it is a bind, nobody benefits as well as nobody misses.
The cards are furnished a numeric nominal cost similar to the estimation of the card.
Suits aren't substantial in pontoon, just card values.
Most gambling houses require a vendor to keep drawing cards so long as their hand is under seventeen, as well as to cease drawing cards in the case their hand cost is no less than a seventeen. It may only be executed while a gamer's first two original face - up cards are identical in value.
In most Blackjack games speculators strike till they get to a number same or bigger than 17, after which they stand 13 %, which lets the player an opportunity for winning matchless by other games of the casino.
Dealer Blackjack, while uncovered, terminates play; gamer forfeits main antes, til hand of the player is too a Blackjack, in that case it' is a push as well as the main bet is got back to the player. The long - dated, usual waited Return to Player is 99. 53 % formed on optimus gaming technique.
Players can wager on the similar level together. If there're 2 players wager on the same set, one of the gamblers picks " stand" and other chooses " hit".
A second part may be approved as well in case one more time one or both of the novel two card arms compose a pair (depending on the rule versions of every single gambling house and blackjack game).
Allowing re - splitting of Aces is a purify benefit to the player for the fact that it provides the player a higher chance of a blackjack.
11 % to the house edge.
A arm summing 21 benefit splitting aces is considered 21, not Blackjack.
Surrenders can simply account if no other kind obtains occurred at first, as well as may befall previous to or after the merchantman checks for a pontoon.
A pair of Aces that's split will only get one what is more card each, and the general won't count as a Blackjack in situation a ten is at that time dispensed. If the player is handled a Blackjack, but the Dealer 's first card is an Ace, they may location an assurance wager of half their initial wager.
Fully ensuring a blackjack contra blackjack is accordingly known as " taking even money", as well as paid out right away, previous to the dealer's hand is resolved; the gamblers require not generate to place more cuttings for the insurance bet.
Blackjack is one of the easiest gambling games to play even though one of the most hard to expert.
Turning into a blackjack pro requires so many training.
Turning into a trained blackjack gambler is obviously unrealizable without studying black jack betting regulations. Blackjack is maybe the card - game with the simpliest concepts constantly, yet the game mostly is actually interesting.
Firstly, training even main blackjack tactic is vital when one is contemplating defined " twenty - one " gaming. Unnecessary to reference the fact that all " twenty - one " plans are determined by maths.
Novice gamers may gamble blackjack poorly even with a number of comprehending of the primary tactic and so then have a more bad have experience of than might variously have been the accident, as well as disappointing them from longer play at the desk.
One may read Internet blackjack reviews; they can be incredibly useful as any data constraining recommendations, systems, odds etc, can be properly said in this study.
Players have multitudinous means at their disposal to augment their game of blackjack. These comprise blackjack tactic directs, lessons, movies, parts as well as free blackjack games on the web.
Winning in blackjack highly is conditioned upon scheme, even though several fortune is essential as well.
Some gamblers of blackjack are merely stupid on real scheme, and they could really care less.
Most people may examine principal blackjack strategy in solely some hours, nonetheless realizing the proper strategies does numerous feel. The house edge for a fundamental technique gamer on a usual 21 game is only 0. 5 %, parallelled to a whopping 4 % for somebody who 's solely gambling by means of gut sense. Those figures do not tone like a lot, although that's a various of eight. In other words, a basic tactic gamer will forfeit$ 100 in the same number of time a gut intuition gambler will fall$ 800.
Using a composition - dependent technique in some ways principal scheme in a single deck play cuts down the edge of house by 4 in 10,000, which declines to 3 in 100,000 for a six - deck play. Advantage game is the attempt to win more applying " honest" abilities such as memory, computing and observation. These systems, while in general juridical, can be strongest sufficiently to tender the player a longterm frontier in the game, generating them an objectionable customer for the gambling house as well as leading to expulsion or placing on the index in situation they are detected. The decisive methods of advantage play in blackjack are in this way.
Being conscious as well as alert are some centre specifics demanded for a possibility at winning black jack.
Card calculating is mostly the practice of keeping on track of the proportion of large to low value cards in a shole per games of blackjack.
Card numbering works on the idea that several cards are fine to the blackjack player, when some others are poor.
Card calculating includes presuming a lot of values to different cards as well as constantly adding and deducting to acquire an up - to - the - second total named the running reckon.
A usual card counter will have the boundary of 1,5 % or less, in reliance on the computing system used, the capability of the gamer, and the certain house regulations that the player is fighting against. It is quite exceptional to find playing conditions that approve the player to receive more than 2 % border opposite the house, even vs the single deck games. The gamer's border vs the multi - deck games is normally less than 1 %.

domain: game


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At Volokh Conspiracy George Mason University School of Law Professor David Bernstein calls out the “anything for Obama” AP for its shamelessly biased reporting of something Gov. Sarah Palin’s did yesterday.
The Governor called attention to what should concern every American who wants our country to thrive: Sen. Barack Obama’s ties over many years to terrorist and liberal media darling Bill Ayers.
Bernstein’s post – “What Passes for Objective Reporting this Election Season” - follows in full, after which I offer a few comments below the star line.
With the first two paragraphs of the AP’s story, Bernstein begins - - -
Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin on Saturday accused Democrat Barack Obama of "palling around with terrorists" because of his association with a former 1960s radical, stepping up the campaign's effort to portray Obama as unacceptable to American voters.There is nothing blatantly false in this story, but it's about as one-sided a presentation of the controversy as one could imagine;
Palin's reference was to Bill Ayers, one of the founders of the group the Weather Underground. Its members took credit for bombings, including nonfatal explosions at the Pentagon and U.S. Capitol, during the tumultuous Vietnam War era four decades ago. Obama, who was a child when the group was active, served on a charity board with Ayers several years ago and has denounced his radical views and activities.
no mention that the Weather Underground planned a very deadly attack on Fort Dix;
the excuse that the times were "tumultuous;"
the reference to Obama being child, no reference to Obama having his inaugural political event at Ayer's house;
no mention of Ayers lack of contrition for his terrorist activities;
no mention of Ayers' fugitive years;
no mention that Obama only saw fit to denounce Ayers' only when it became an issue in his presidential campaign,
and the intentional downplaying of Ayers' and Obama's relationship to "serving on a charity board" with Ayers, as opposed to "worked closely with Ayers on a major educational reform project in Chicago."
Indeed, I'd say that the last two sentences could have been written by the Obama campaign, and, in fact, that the reporter probably repeated talking points he received from the campaign virtually verbatim.
After finishing the AP’s “anything for Obama” story, I thought to myself:
What if Ayers was anti-abortion and had bombed abortion clinics?
What if Ayers had recruited, encouraged and help train others to murder abortion doctors and bomb abortion clinics?
What if Ayers had never expressed any regret for any of his anti-abortion terrorist actions?
What if, instead, he'd said he regretted not doing more?!
If Ayers had been an anti-abortion terrorist instead of an anti-American terrorist, I doubt Sen. Obama would now be the Democratic nominee.
Think about that in the days to come as you read, see and hear all the excusing, minimizing, and outright distorting “news reports” Obama’s MSM Tank Corps serves up in an effort to help their candidate deal with problems caused by his associations with Ayers and failure to condemn Ayers until it became politically expedient and necessary during the primaries.


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On contemporary war and the German Armed Forces: the Afghan war and its consequences
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Since the 1990s, German soldiers have been continuously deployed abroad without geographical restrictions. This policy breaks with the customs of the Cold War, in which the Bundeswehr focused strictly on continental roles and missions of forward defense in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The thesis argues that the evolution of the Bundeswehr to operational forces was a military adaptation determined by sociopolitical and military dynamics. Missions abroad transformed the Bundeswehr and had implications on the political level, and in society more broadly, in the face of domestic doubts and a public skepticism about war. More specifically, this transition has forced more qualitative changes than did unification and perhaps anything that came before. The heart and brains of the Bundeswehr changed because the Afghan mission was a new operational environment with unknown demands and consequences to which soldiers and civilians had to adapt in order to carry out the mission with success amid strategic ambiguity and domestic resistance. It resulted in a change of thinking, which has led to an emergence of a new identity of the Bundeswehr with a new Einsatz-Generation, which will have significant effects in Germany and among its allies well after the Germans cease security and combat operations in Afghanistan.
RightsThis publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. Copyright protection is not available for this work in the United States.
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Multi-axis drilling machines are widely used for drilling and tapping of porous parts in the machinery industry. For example, porous parts for automobiles and motorcycles: engine cases, aluminum casting shells, brake drums, brake discs, steering gears, wheels, differential cases, axle heads, axle shafts, axles, etc., pumps, valves, Hydraulic components, solar accessories and more. Multi-axis drilling machines can be divided into two types: adjustable and fixed. Within the processing range of adjustable multi-axis drilling machines, the number of spindles and the distance between the spindles can be adjusted arbitrarily, and several holes can be processed simultaneously in one feed. When working with hydraulic machine tools, it can automatically perform fast forward, work forward (retreat), fast retreat, and stop. Compared with single-axis drilling (tapping), the workpiece has high machining accuracy and fast work efficiency, which can effectively save investment. Human, material and financial resources. In particular, the automation of the machine tool greatly reduces the labor intensity of the operator. The fixed multi-axis drilling machine adopts the design of a single piece (machined part) special machine. According to the high frequency and large volume of the machined parts, it is specially tailored to one piece of equipment. In its work, you do not need to worry about the size running. Part of the brain. In addition to conventional products, special designs can be made according to the special requirements of customers.


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This Potato Salad is super yummy! With Tuna flakes in spring water and bacon drippings. The combination of pineapples, pickles and dijon mustard was just right to the taste bud. I love it! You may also add boiled eggs and slice it into cubes if you like. Way better actually!
If Dijon Mustard is not available, its ok to not to include it in the recipe. Its randomly available in SM supermarket. I was lucky enough to find a small bottle in the mustard and mayonnaise section. Been looking for it for ages and the supply is not restock regularly though.
POTATO SALAD WITH TUNA AND BACON
- 6 potatoes, (3 large, 3 small)
- 2 large carrots
- 1 medium white onion, minced
- 4 tbsp sweet pickle relish,
- 2 cans tuna chunks in springwater
- 500g Kewpie Japanese mayonnaise (red label)
- 1 medium can pineapple tidbits (800g)
- ½ tsp salt
- ¼ tsp pepper powder
- 1 tbsp sugar
- 1 tsp dijon mustard (optional)
- spring onions for garnish
- 200 grams bacon, fried and chopped into small pieces
- Cook and boil potatoes, carrots in pot for about 20 minutes over medium-low heat or until tender. Drain water from potatoes and carrots. Then set aside cool. Once cool, peel and sliced into cubes. Set aside.
- Meanwhile, prepare tuna in can and drain water. Shred it into pieces by mashing it with fork. (or use clean hands to separate it). Set aside.
- Prepare pineapple tidbits, drain syrup and set aside
- In a large bowl, add mayonnaise, dijon mustard, pickles, onions. Season with salt and pepper. Adjust taste first as needed.
- Then add all the other ingredients left. carefully toss them together to incorporate all the flavors. But be careful not to mash tje potatoes. So it should be the last one to be added.
- Cover with cling wrap and refrigerate for 2 hours or more to chill
- Serve and Enjoy!


It appears that FinCEN has, at least to some extent, clarified the status of Bitcoin miners as Money Service Businesses (MSBs) under the federal Bank Secrecy Act (BSA). Cointext.com has posted the text of an unpublished administrative ruling from FinCEN responding to a request for clarification filed by Atlantic City Bitcoin LLC in June of this year. While we have not yet been able to confirm it with FinCEN, the ruling appears to be genuine. According to the text of the ruling posted on Cointext.com, Atlantic City Bitcoin would not be engaged in money transmission (and thus required to register with FinCEN as an MSB) if it (1) uses mined bitcoins to purchase goods or services from, or pay debts due to, others on its own behalf, (2) converts mined bitcoins into legal tender or other virtual currencies, or (3) transfers mined bitcoins to its owners.
Status of Mining Left Unclear by FinCEN’s Guidance on Virtual Currency
This clarification answers one of the questions left unaddressed by FinCEN’s March 18, 2013 Guidance concerning Bitcoin and other similar virtual currencies that have “real world” value (“convertible” virtual currencies in FinCEN’s parlance). The Guidance defined the concepts of “exchangers,” “administrators,” and “users” of convertible virtual currency. According to the Guidance, an administrator or exchanger that (1) accepts and transmits a convertible virtual currency or (2) buys or sells convertible virtual currency for any reason is a money transmitter under FinCEN’s regulations, unless one of several exemptions apply. By contrast, a “user who obtains convertible virtual currency and uses it to purchase real or virtual goods or services” is not a money transmitter. The open—and much debated—question was whether miners fall into the category of unregulated users or are money transmitters.
The Atlantic City Bitcoin Ruling
At least under the circumstances addressed by the Atlantic City Bitcoin ruling, we now know that miners spending or selling mined bitcoins are users are users and therefore are not subject to federal regulation as money transmitters. FinCEN’s regulations define money transmission as “the acceptance of currency, funds, or other value that substitutes for currency from one person and the transmission of currency, funds, or other value that substitutes for currency to another location or person by any means.” Applying that definition, the Atlantic City Bitcoin ruling holds that
To the extent that a user mines Bitcoin and uses the Bitcoin solely for the user’s own purposes and not for the benefit of another, the user is not an MSB under FinCEN’s regulations, because these activities involve neither “acceptance” nor “transmission” of the convertible virtual currency and are not the transmission of funds within the meaning of the Rule. This is the case whether . . . the user is purchasing goods or services for the user’s own use, paying debts previously incurred in the ordinary course of business, or (in the case of a corporate user) making distributions to shareholders.
The ruling goes on to address the conversion of bitcoins into legal tender or other virtual currencies and holds that
In undertaking such a conversion transaction, the user is not acting as an exchanger, notwithstanding the fact that the user is accepting a real currency or another convertible virtual currency and transmitting Bitcoin, so long as the user is undertaking the transaction solely for the user’s own purposes and not as a business service performed for the benefit of another.
That caveat that the sale of bitcoins by a user must be for the user’s “own purpose,” and not be “a business service performed for the benefit of another” bears emphasis as it is a potentially significant limitation on the scope of the ruling. It suggests that the outcome may well be different if the seller of bitcoins was in the business of providing currency conversion services on behalf of its customers, e.g. selling bitcoins to its customers for dollars or other legal tender. The ruling similarly emphasizes that in order to clearly fall outside of money transmission, the sale or transfer must be between the user/miner and the counter-party. “Any transfers to third parties at the behest of sellers, creditors, owners, or counterparties involved in these transactions should be closely scrutinized, as they may constitute money transmission.” Thus, while the ruling seems to fairly definitively resolve the status of individual miners selling or converting their mined bitcoins, there still may be room for further clarification. For example, some observers have suggested that the ruling leaves open questions about the status of more complex arrangements such as hosted mining and mining pools.
One other aspect of the ruling is worth noting. While the specific facts on which FinCEN ruled involved the use of mined Bitcoins, FinCEN was clear that its analysis did not turn on the bitcoins in question having been obtained by mining. According to FinCEN, it doesn’t matter whether a miner/user obtains virtual currency by “earning,” “harvesting,” “mining,” “creating,” “auto-generating,” “manufacturing,” or “purchasing.” Instead, FinCEN said, what matters is “what the person uses the convertible virtual currency for, and for whose benefit.” This arguably goes a step past what FinCEN said the Guidance. While FinCEN noted in the Guidance the same laundry-list of alternative methods of obtaining virtual currency, it wasn’t quite as definitive on the “how” not mattering. This aspect of the ruling warrants further analysis. It may in some cases beg more questions than it answers about the line between users and administrators or exchangers.
Caution Should Be Taken in Relying on the Ruling
In any case, caution should be taken in relying on the ruling. As an unpublished decision it is in not binding on FinCEN, and it has no direct bearing on the status of mining and the sale and conversion of mined virtual currency under the various state money transmission statutes. More generally, whether a particular transaction constitutes money transmission is a highly fact-specific analysis. Anyone with questions about the ruling and how it affects their business should consult with a lawyer.