text:
- A face mist enriched with Centella asiatica extract (86%) and glacial water from Alaska for fresh, satiny smooth skin without added shine.
- A multi-function facial mist soothes and replenishes hydration to tired skin.
- Enriched with 87% Centella Asiatica Extract and Madecassoside that gives excellent skin-soothing benefit.
- The spritz are fine and ready absorbing, letting your skin to stay calm and hydrated all day.
- Spritz over the face for extra moisture boost.

domain: health


text:
Enter the UNI-V2 ETH-DG amount you wish to stake, and select “Stake UNI-V2” on the pool that you provided liquidity to, and sign the transaction. Make sure to turn off any ad blocker extensions.
Now you’re farming!
As you accrue farming revenue in $DG, you may claim rewards by clicking the “Claim $DG” button on the left and signing the transaction. You may also withdraw your UNI-V2 ETH-DG tokens from the farming pool at any time to go retrieve your funds on Uniswap
After farming for any amount of time, you may claim the amount of $DG your liquidity farmed by selecting "Claim $DG" on the liquidity farming tab.

domain: economics


text:
After departing Van Amersfoort Racing after a disappointing start to the 2017 FIA European Formula 3 Championship season, David Beckmann will still be on the grid this weekend at the Hungaroring after making a switch to Motopark.
The young German had joined Van Amersfoort Racing after competing in the series last year with Mücke Motorsport, but after three pointless outings at Silverstone, Monza and Pau, it was decided that the two parties would split, but Beckmann has come in to fill the vacant fourth car at Motopark alongside Joel Eriksson, Marino Sato and Keyvan Andres Soori.
“I am confident about the rest of the FIA Formula 3 European Championship and I am sure that Motopark will offer me a competitive package,” said Beckmann.
“Everybody in the team is extremely motivated and focussed on success. I am optimistic that we will achieve good results together after the necessary period of familiarisation.”
Team Principal Timo Rumpfkeil is pleased to welcome Beckmann into the team, and is hoping to get the seventeen-year-old settled in this weekend at the Hungaroring.
“We are very pleased to welcome David in our team,” said Rumpfkeil. “I have been following his career for many years and we have always stayed in close contact ever since. We are looking forward to welcome David to the Motopark family.
“David is rightly considered to be one of the top talents in German motor sports, and I have always been convinced of his potential. We have to give David some time to settle in, given the fact that before the next race at the Hungaroring, unfortunately, there is only time for a short roll-out. Therefore, expectations shall not be kept too high.”

domain: news


text: Since the invention of electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), its significance in the diagnosis of acute ischemic disease, chronic ischemic disease, and its contribution to cardiology has been no less than remarkable. The pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes in most cases correlates with the clinical outcomes, biochemical findings (cardiac biomarkers), and electrocardiographic patterns. Electric activity in the myocardium is registered in the ECG describing positive deflections when the depolarization potential orientates positive charges to the recording electrode (approaches to it) and negative deflections when the depolarization potential orientates negative charges to the recording electrode and gets away from it. The abnormal Q-wave is the cornerstone of the myocardial infarction diagnosis after several days of the ischemic event. Findings in the ECG suggestive of ischemia and necrosis are ST elevation/depression and deep Q-waves, respectively, and the presence of a deep abnormal Q-wave in the ECG is evidence of necrotic areas and an inert myocardium, which is not capable to depolarize. Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction has been defined as acute myocardial infarction without a new-onset deep Q-wave on the ECG after day(s) of evolution, and because of the anatomopathological concept of infarction is usually related to necrosis, it results paradoxical to consider this widely known clinical and biochemical entity as a myocardial infarction when there is no evidence of necrosis in the ECG.

domain: literature


LEGAZPI CITY, 21Sept2013 (PNA) – The Bicol police are on heightened alert status for the Penafrancia Festival, according to province police official.
Inspector Malou Calobaquib, Bicol police spokesman, on Friday told the Philippines News Agency that this means all officials and members of the Police Regional Office 5 are on call.
Calobaquib said a total of 434 police officers have been sent to Naga City for the religious event since September 9 and will go back to their respective mother units only after the festival.
She said an augmentation team from Camp General Simeon Ola is composed of 322 Philippine National Police Scout members–mostly PO1, 43 from inspection field training team and 69 from Regional Public Safety Battalion.
The police official said these officers are deployed in various parts of Naga City to ensure the safety and security of millions of devotees of the Our Lady of Penafrancia, the Patroness of Bicol, as well as local and foreign tourists.
Families also lend support to the activities taking place in the city in connection with the festival like civic and military parade, fluvial procession and many others.
Other agencies are helping as force multipliers to ensure security during the festival, Calubaquid said.
She said that after the festival, the Bicol police force will focus on the barangay elections scheduled on Oct. 28.
Based on the Commission on Elections, the election period will start on Sept. 28 to Nov. 12.
Calubaquid said checkpoints will almost triple in number or more during this election. (PNA)


text:
French artists, Cécile Brun are Olivier Pichard, are the duo behind Atelier Sento. I came across their work when I searched for examples of watercolor artwork using Sennelier palette. Their work is so happy to look at!
This is my submission for their Coral Cave contest, ending on Jan 2nd.
It was tons of fun to create this mini 9cm x 9cm square, inspired by their game. I love that they required all submitted artwork to be done with traditional media only.
|First, a sketch!|
|Final piece - wish it were cleaner. I'm slowly getting better with watercolor. Slowly.|
|Close-up. Media: pencil, colored pencil, and Sennelier watercolors on Arches CP paper.|
Oh yeah, Happy New Year! But for me, the real New Year doesn't begin until Lunar New Year rolls around. January 1st is usually the opportunity for me to clean out the home to get ready for Lunar New Year. :-)

domain: artistic


text:
Khzaria: Ancestral home of the Ashkenazi, the Non-Semite Jews
The Holocaust As Convenient Un-History
Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Jews are Khazars Not Israelites
REAL JEW NEWS!
Hitler had Jewish and African roots
Jews against Zionism
The Worst Anti-Semites Are Zionists
Fables of Ancient Israel Now Being Dissected
A Jewish Defector Warns America
Israeli Prime Minister Rabin WAS Not Killed By the Convicted Shooter!
The Word 'Jewish' Does Not Begin With Z
Israel, Judaism and Zionism
100k Jewish Children
The 3rd Category
Jewish Peace Fellowship
NETUREI KARTA - Jews United Againt Zionism
Jews Against Zionism
Jews not Zionists
THE PROTOCOLS OF ZION
THE HIDDEN TYRANNY
THE JEWS OF IRAQ by Naeim Giladi
The Jews of Iraq By Mitchell Bard (Zionist)
THE JEWS OF IRAQ Testimony of a former Zionist
The Jews of Egypt and AFRICA
Historical Society of The Jews from Egypt
Jewish Nazi General
Zionist Elite Prepares to Desert America (1)
Zionist Elite Prepares to Desert America (2)
Zionists Nuke The Australian Embassy in Indonesia
The West, War And Islam
ZIONISTS vs. JEWS
Zionist Israel exploded Pan Am 103!?
Zionism's Master Plan for World Power
De-Zionization Of America
Ten questions to the Zionists
Holocaust! THE TRILLION DOLLAR LIE
Was There Really A Holocaust?
Why Are Jews Persecuted?
See Zionism Lies ...

domain: history


text:
Bad company has destroyed Muhammad Amir’s Career says, Shoaib Akhtar
Who is the most talented fast bowler in Pakistan? Mohammad Amir’s name will be at the top in answering this question. However, Aamir lost himself in the fixing scandal. In 2010, the ICC imposed a five-year ban. Shoaib Akhtar says about Muhammad Amir that, the bad company has destroyed Amir’s career.
However, he is back in cricket again. He also showed surprises quite well. However, as the day went on, Aamir’s bowling edge decreased. The 26-year-old star pacer is now out of the national team. Another former Pakistan fast bowler, Shoaib Akhtar, has blamed Aamir for the situation.
The speed star said that Aamir did such a thing even after a warning. “Mohammad Amir was warned before the tour of England, but bad company destroyed him,” Shoaib said at a recent event.


text:
JENNIFER ROUSE may be recognized for being a Scream Queen but this girl can absolutely step it up in any genre you put her in. Whether it’s Western drama “Come High Or Hell Water”, sex comedy “A Dirty Shame” or surreal flick “The Death Of Poe”, she has daintily vibrant features that are suited to any era if the film so requires. Seeing JENNIFER as a Victorian Beauty would always be fascinating seeing how we ourselves could never experience that day and age. I’m still entranced by the lovely photo of her in the Cheongsam…love Western Gals Spicing Up The Eastern Look..:) That admiration got even sweeter when I came across the saucy pics of her in horror hottie mode (above). Add the gold and red superheroine outfit she dons in her latest project “Adventures Of Louanna Lee Episode 4” clearly verifies the sumptuous beauty that she is. Staying true to her surname, she has without question been rousing viewers as an actress, model, filmmaker, musician & designer…a Five Star Performer indeed! Known for her work in “Chainsaw Sally”, the psychedelic cult show fronted by April Burril, JENNIFER’s Character Ice Cream Girl gets on the wrong side of April’s demented Sally and experiences the pleasures of pain while chained up! Actresses of the horror genre do partake in some seriously dark stuff but as any fan will know they are amazingly accessible and JENNIFER herself is always cordial.
She’s actually the very first talent hailing from Baltimore, Maryland to leave a lasting impression on this blog and I welcome her being featured here with open arms. Visit the JENNIFER ROUSE OFFICIAL SITE and learn of the many creative pursuits she has on her plate including being cast alongside ‘Mr 90210’ Jason Priestly in an upcoming thriller. A woman of many hats, JENNIFER’s passion for the musical aspects of filmmaking rang true when she scored the entire length of her film “The Death Of Poe”. Not one to sit on her laurels, JENNIFER has reinvigorated the perception we have of a Scream Queen, demonstrating an exciting verve to every role she undertakes.

domain: entertainment


The cover of Vogue Arabia's June issue, featuring a Saudi princess lounging in the driver's seat of a red convertible, has drawn widespread criticism as off-color after a string of arrests of activists fighting for a woman's right to drive.
35a celebration of the trailblazing women of Saudi Arabia36
Critics, however, have accused the title of being out of touch with reality, pointing out that the photo of the princess in the car is inconsistent with the gravity of the crackdown women activists calling for an end to the ban have faced. At least 11 activists have been arrested since May 15, most of whom are women who have fought for the right to drive.
50destabilize the kingdom and breach its social structure and mar the national consistency.51
58traitors59agents of embassies.60
Although several women have since been released, others remain in custody, including three prominent activists: Loujain al-Hathloul, who was previously detained for 73 days in 2014 after trying to drive from the United Arab Emirates to Saudi Arabia; Aziza al-Yousef, who, at 70, was one of the first activists for the right to drive; and Eman al-Nafjan, a well-known blogger.
74Let75s rights activists who risked their life and freedom to lift the ban.76


Buy Tokarev TAR 12P 12 Gauge Semi-Auto Shotgun 3″ Chamber online | Tokarev TAR 12P 12 Gauge Semi-Auto Shotgun 3″ Chamber for sale
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Polymer folding sights come with the TAR 12P and a Picatinny rail allows you to add your choice of red dot sight or reflex sight as well. An AR style safety and magazine release will be immediately familiar to anybody who has experience with the AR-15 platform. The TAR 12P has a 3″ chamber, and is thus capable of using 2-3/4″ shells as well as 3″ shells.
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A keen walker was found dead in shallow water close to his home four days after being reported missing.
Edwin Cotton, 39, left the home he shared with his parents in Brancepeth Village, County Durham, at 2pm last Tuesday.
He said he was going for a walk and was known to be a keen hiker who often followed the Weardale Way between Brancepeth and Willington.
When he failed to return home his parents reported him missing and police found his body in Stockley Beck, near Brancepeth, on Saturday.
Although Durham police have refused to speculate on how Mr Cotton, died they stressed they were not treating it as suspicious. A spokesman said: "As a result of police activity in the area of Brancepeth Village, the body of a man was found in Stockley Beck.
"We can confirm that it is Edwin Cotton, who left his home four days earlier, telling his parents he was going for a walk. At this stage his death is not being treated as suspicious.
"It is not known how long he had been there and it could have been as long as three days.
"A post mortem has been carried out and the results have been forwarded to the coroner."
Police have issued an appeal for anyone who saw Mr Cotton or a man matching his description since Tuesday last week to contact them.
Mr Cotton was 6ft tall, muscular and had dark hair. When found he was wearing a navy waxed jacket, pale yellow trousers and walking boots. He also had a black rucksack.
He was said to have been depressed lately and his parents were concerned about his welfare.
The North Durham coroner is expected to open an inquest into the death this week.
Anyone with information can contact Durham police on (0191) 386 4222.


text:
The 39 Steps
Sprache - Englisch
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Über das eBook
Major-General Sir Richard Hannay is a character created by Scottish novelist John Buchan and based on Edmund Ironside, from Edinburgh, a spy during the Second Boer War. In this adventure espionage classic Richard Hannay is buttonholed by an American stranger who knows of an anarchist plot to assassinate the Greek Premier during his forthcoming visit to London. It is now up to Hannay to save the day and stop Europe from destabilising. John Buchan (1875-1940) was a Scottish novelist and historian and also served as Canada's Governor General. His 100 works include nearly thirty novels, seven collections of short stories and biographies. But, the most famous of his books were the adventure and spy thrillers and it is for these that he is now best remembered.
Genre: Sprache - Englisch
Umfang: 128 Seiten
Größe: 278,7 KB
Veröffentlichung: 13. Dezember 2023


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Babu’s ideas and organising skills were behind the Zanzibar revolution of 50 years ago. A great pan-Africanist and socialist, his life is an inspiration to all people who dare to resist oppression and imperialism.
In 2014 Pan Africanists will commemorate two seminal events in the history of the African liberation movement: 1) the 50th anniversary of the successful revolution in Zanzibar and 2) the 90th birthday of Mohamed Babu. Although he passed away in 1996, his life is an excellent illustration of the connections between the various movements and figures in the Black World. Sadly, so much of Babu’s immense contributions to Pan Africanist, Leftist, and progressive movements has been forgotten. This is unfortunate because of his enduring love and commitment to Zanzibar, the African continent, and humanity at large.
Babu was born in 1924 in Zanzibar, a small but historic island on the east coast of Africa. Since the 1830s, Zanzibar was dominated by Omani Sultans who were middlemen during the era of British colonialism. While studying abroad in London, Babu was attracted to radical Left wing ideas. After returning to Zanzibar, he soon became a leader in the Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP), one of the preeminent Nationalist organization on the island.
As Secretary General of the ZNP, he promoted a socialist ideology and built international networks of Black and radical organizers. For example, in 1958 at the founding conference of the Pan African Movement for East and Central Africa (PAFMECA), Babu was elected secretary. Later that year while traveling to the historic All African People’s Conference in Accra, Ghana, his delegation would have a chance encounter with future Congolese head of state and Pan African icon Patrice Lumumba in Leopoldville. At this point, Lumumba was isolated and virtually unknown outside of the Congo but the invitation and travel support provided by PAFMECA allowed him to network with liberation movements throughout Africa. Lumumba would later be assassinated in a CIA-backed coup.
Once at the AAPC, Babu quickly connected with the most radical forces such as Frantz Fanon and the FLN of Algeria. Fanon, Babu, and others convinced those who had achieved independence using non-violent methods like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana that in some circumstances armed struggle is a necessity. The official slogan adopted for the conference was ‘Independence, by any means necessary.’ Malcolm X and other Black activists in the diaspora would hear and popularize this slogan.
Furthermore, Babu was a close friend and comrade of Malcolm X. They first met in July 1964 at the second summit of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in Cairo, Egypt. Later when Malcolm visited Tanzania it was Babu who introduced him to other governments officials and when Babu came to Harlem, Malcolm introduced him to the activist community. It was radical African leaders such as Babu who helped push Malcolm to the Left after his departure from the Nation of Islam. In his final months, Malcolm would claim ‘the system of capitalism needs some blood to suck’ so it wasn't a shock to him that “all of the countries that are emerging today from under the shackles of colonialism are turning toward socialism.”
Babu’s international organizing was directly connected to his political work in Zanzibar. The ZNPs rival was the Afro-Shiriza Party (ASP), a British backed right wing formation that used the slogan ‘Uhuru Zuia’ (Kiswahili for ‘stop the move to independence’). Although Babu and others promoted a progressive anti-imperialist platform in the ZNP, by mid-1963 reactionary forces exacerbated long standing racial tensions between Africans and Arabs on the island to gain the upper hand in the organization. Therefore, months before Zanzibar gained independence in December 1963, Babu co-founded the revolutionary socialist Ummah Party.
The party’s creation was a correct analysis of the potentially revolutionary conditions. On January 12, 1964, the unemployed and oppressed youth of Zanzibar rose up in spontaneous rebellion. The Ummah Party leadership used its organizing experience and training in Cuba to teach the youth revolutionary tactics and gain leadership of the insurrection. The Ummah party and disaffected youth removed the Sultan from power. This was Africa’s first successful revolution to overthrow neocolonialism.
After these game changing events, Frank Carlucci, a US state department official, openly stated that US policy was to prevent Zanzibar from becoming the ‘Cuba of Africa from which sedition would have spread to the continent.’ A few days later, officer mutinies in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika fed into US fears about a communist conspiracy. One US state department memo asserts ‘our central purpose is to strengthen Nyerere’ (the new President of Tanganyika). Then as the US had hoped, if not outright engineered, Nyerere asked the British for military assistance to put down the officer mutinies. The US fundamentally thought he, Nyerere, was a leader they could control. After several private meetings in May 1964 , the US, Nyerere, and right wing leaders in Zanzibar engineered an Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union. The union transferred most major foreign and domestic policy decisions to mainland Tangayika and away from the revolutionary forces who captured state power in Zanzibar.
Although Nyerere is considered to be one of the African continents most progressive independence leaders, history presents a different story. He promoted a unique brand of ‘African socialism’ based on the notion of a communal, classless traditional African society. His economic policies of ‘self-reliance’ led to Tanzania having a food surplus to importer of food. Babu, on the other hand, saw no contradiction between Pan Africanism and scientific socialism. For him, socialism was not based on a traditional African past or even the Soviet Union but the social conditions in contemporary Africa. In addition, unlike Nyerere who associated with the moderate gradualist in the Monrovia group, Babu supported the immediate unification of Africa.
After the Tanganyika-Zanzibar union he was appointed to what were in his opinion powerless positions in government primarily in order to watch him. He and his comrades functioned as the Left within the Tanzanian government shaping several of the regimes perceived progressive policies. But in 1972, following the murder of the President of Zanzibar, Babu was arbitrarily incarcerated by the allegedly progressive Julius Nyerere. It was because of an international campaign under the leadership of people like the Guyanese and Pan African freedom fighter Walter Rodney that Babu was released after six years.
Babu’s life is a reflection of the dialectical method he adopted in his life and work. His political work is an example of someone who found a fundamental unity in what appears to be opposing tendencies. He was a Zanzibari nationalist and a staunch internationalist. He claimed that Socialism would come through African unity and vice versa. He was militant and uncompromising but argued radicals had to address the bread and butter issues of people. In conclusion, one of the major lessons of his life we should take away is encapsulated in the slogans of the 7th Pan African Congress he co-organized in Kampala, Uganda in 1994: ‘Resist Recolonisation’ and ‘Don’t Aganise, organize!’
1. Babu, A.M. 1981. African Socialism or Socialist Africa. London: Zed Press
2. Ed. Salma Babu & Amrit Wilson. 2002. The Future That Works: The Selected Writings of A.M. Babu. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
3. Campbell, Horace. “Abdulrahman Mohammed Babu 1924-1996 A Personal Memoir” African Journal of Political Science (1996), Vol. 1 No. 2, 240-246.
4. Wilson, Amrit. 1989. US Foreign Policy and Revolution: The Creation of Tanzania. Winchester, MA: Pluto Press.
4. ____________. “Abdul Rahman Mohamed Babu: Politician, Scholar, and Revolutionary” The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol. 1 No. 9, August 2007.
5. ____________. 2013. The Threat of Liberation: Imperialism and Revolution in Zanzibar. New York: Pluto Press.
* Benjamin Woods is a PhD candidate at Howard University and co-founder of Students Against Mass Incarceration.
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text:
By Prof. Steven Emmanuel
In 2006, a group of Pure Land Buddhist monks from Vietnam purchased a 4-acre property in the rural Virginia Beach community known as Pungo. The monks had previously been at another location in the Kempsville area of Virginia Beach, but were forced to move when that property was reclaimed by the city as part of a project to widen the road. By moving to Pungo the monks hoped to establish a permanent root for their temple.
Not long after moving to the new location, however, the monks found themselves at the center of controversy. Because of complaints lodged by local residents, the city council of Virginia Beach ruled in August 2008 that the monks of Dong Hung Temple, formally known as the Buddhist Education Center of America, Inc., could no longer hold religious services or related activities on their property. With the help of a local attorney, the monks appealed that decision at the federal court level, arguing that the city was in violation of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act. The court ruled in their favor.
In April 2009, the city council granted the monks limited permission to operate as a temple and education center. They could hold meditation services on Sundays, but for no more than 20 people. Larger celebrations of important holidays would have to be held elsewhere. The ruling also prohibited any further development of the property, and it placed strict limits on the number and size of statues that could be displayed there. These restrictions made it extremely difficult for the monks to serve the religious needs of their Buddhist followers.
Local residents who continue to object to the presence of the Buddhist temple argue that this is strictly an issue about land use. Pungo is a traditional Virginia farming community that dates back to the 17th century. Many of its current residents belong to families that have lived there for generations. They are concerned to preserve a way of life that is rapidly disappearing.
However, others suspect that the controversy is not just about land use. They worry that the monks have become a target of religious and cultural intolerance.
As a constructive response to the situation, Ven. Chuc Thanh and Prof. Emmanuel collaborated to offer a public course on Buddhism in Virginia Beach during the summer of 2009. The course, “Wisdom for Modern Living: Buddhist Teachings and Practice,” was the first of a proposed series of courses aimed at educating the local public about Buddhism. The first course ran for three months, with two-hour classes once a week. A total of thirty-eight people attended the classes, which were offered on a donation basis. A second course will begin early in 2010.
In addition to the public course, this project involves the creation of a documentary film. Focusing on the story of the monks in Pungo, the film thoughtfully explores some of the challenges of religious diversity in rural America.
- Prof. Steven Emmanuel’s faculty web page: http://facultystaff.vwc.edu/~semmanuel/Main_Site/home.html
- Film project web page: http://www.iridescentfilms.com/home.html
- Dong Hung Temple web page: http://www.buddhistedu.org/en/
- Prof. Steven Emmanuel’s academic résumé
- Course Syllabus for “Wisdom for Modern Living: Buddhist Teachings and Practice”
- In the Press:

domain: sociology


Bigfoot is here to remind you of the important things in life. Live, Laugh and LURK! Sasquatch, Bigfoot, whatever you call them might seem scary, but this cryptid is just out for a night walk in the woods on these glow-in-the-dark socks. They show the elusive cryptid silhouetted against a full moon enjoying the forest at night. The phrase “Live Laugh Lurk” in a slightly sinister drippy font adds to the evening ambiance.
The fibers in these socks are certified by OEKO-TEX® Standard 100, which means no harmful chemicals, keeping your skin safe and happy.
Fits men's shoe size 7-13 and women's shoe size 8.5-14.5.
Content: 53% Polyester, 45%, Cotton, 2% spandex.


text:
Actor Esha Deol took to Instagram to share a photo of herself with her cousin Madhoo Shah on her birthday. In the photo, Esha Deol and Natasha Jitendar Irani can be seen holding stuffed toys, sitting close to Madhoo Shah. Esha Deol also wrote a beautiful message for Madhoo Shah in the caption of her post.
Esha Deol shared a rare photo with her cousin Madhoo Shah and Natasha Jitendar Irani on Madhoo Shah's birthday. In the caption, she wrote, "To my dearest Paapu @madhoo_rockstar here’s wishing you all the love, success & the best of health. We are truly blessed to have you as family & you are my soul sister! Love you ð happy birthday! #madhoo #happybirthday #wearefamily #soulsisters @tashajitender". Take a look at her post below
Fans showered immense love on Esha Deol's post. The post garnered over a thousand likes within a few hours. Several users admired the photo and showered their love with emojis while several others wished Madhoo Shah a very happy birthday in the comments section. Check out some of the reactions below.
Madhoo Shah is the niece of Hema Malini and therefore a cousin of Esha Deol. Madhoo Shah has worked in some popular regional movies like Gentleman, Mr. Romeo, and Return of Jewel Thief. She made her debut with Azhagan in which she played the role of Swapna. She also played the character of Janaki Ramchandran in the movie Thalaivi. She also played an important role in the movie Nail Polish. She is currently working on projects like Raymo and Ennitu Avasanam. Madhoo married Anant Shah in the year 1999. Madhoo also played some crucial roles in several popular television shows like Devi and Aarambh: Kahaani Devsena Ki. She also did some Tamil television shows like Kaveri and Soundaravalli. In 2017, she also became a judge of a Malayalam dance reality show called D4 Junior vs Senior. In 2015, she was also nominated for the Filmfare Award for the Best Supporting Actor (Female)- Kannada for her performance in the movie Ranna.
Get the latest entertainment news from India & around the world. Now follow your favourite television celebs and telly updates. Republic World is your one-stop destination for trending Bollywood news. Tune in today to stay updated with all the latest news and headlines from the world of entertainment.


text:
Search for a rare disease
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-beta deficiency
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-beta deficiency is an extremely rare form of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDHD, see this term) characterized by severe lactic acidosis, developmental delay and hypotonia.
ORPHA:255138Classification level: Subtype of disorder
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit beta deficiency
- Prevalence: Unknown
- Inheritance: Autosomal recessive
- Age of onset: Childhood
- ICD-10: E74.4
- OMIM: 614111
- UMLS: C3279841
- MeSH: -
- GARD: -
- MedDRA: -
Prevalence is unknown. About 8 cases have been reported to date.
Patients presented with lactic acidosis and hypotonia at birth and were often from consanguineous families. There are no specific clinical features that distinguish this condition from pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency.
The disorder is caused by mutations in the gene coding for the E1-beta subunit of the PDH complex (PDHB; 3p21.1-p14.2).
The pattern of inheritance is autosomal recessive.
A summary on this disease is available in Deutsch (2012) Español (2012) Français (2012) Italiano (2012) Nederlands (2012) Português (2012) Polski (2012, pdf)
- Article for general public
- Svenska (2014) - Socialstyrelsen
Disease review articles
- Clinical genetics review
- English (2021) - GeneReviews
: produced/endorsed by FSMR(s)
Further information on this disease
Patient-centred resources for this disease
Research activities on this disease
Specialised Social Services
The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. The material is in no way intended to replace professional medical care by a qualified specialist and should not be used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment.

domain: medical


text:
Painted in 1892, Inner Harbor, New Castle, New Hampshire shows the scenic coastal community from the vantage point of River Road, with the numerous chimneys of the Curtis Hotel, now long gone, rising above the trees near the center. His fine coloring and attention to detail in rendering the topography, houses and the figures walking near the shoreline exemplify the careful scrutiny he had practiced during his time as a surveyor. This work is framed with a period frame, possibly the original.
More information about this painting...
To great-great grandmother of current owner, who was a student of Frost’s
By descent through the family to private collection, Sarasota, Florida
(top stretcher, in pencil) Inner Harbor Newcastle (sic) NH

domain: geography


The Missouri Veterans Commission reminds Missourians that if you are a veteran with a non-service connected pension or a widow/widower who receives a pension from the VA, and have received an Eligibility Verification Report (EVR), you must fill out and mail the EVR to the VA by March 1, 2012 or your pension will be suspended.
Not all recipients of VA non-service connected pension benefits will receive an EVR. Those who do not will receive a letter from the VA affording an opportunity to submit paid out of pocket medical expenses for possible reimbursement. EVRs are normally mailed out near the end of December and into January and have a 60 day return due date, usually March 1st.
The Missouri Veterans Commission, a state agency, operates seven State Veterans Homes, five State Veterans Cemeteries, and the Veterans Services Program. The Commission is committed to honoring and serving Missouri’s Veterans whose dedication and sacrifices have preserved our nation and its freedoms. For more information about the Missouri Veterans Commission programs, call 573-751-3779,
Source: St. James Leader-Journal


AL explains how the rightwing got Russia-fever through a mix of white panic (only America and Russia are majority white in the world’s ten most populated countries), Christian supremacy, 1% oil interests, and fears of the hard-to-define “New World Order.”
It’s time to end The War on Happiness. AL makes the case that the way to really stimulate the economy AND end mass shootings is not to make guns illegal but prostitution legal. Take it from sleazy alleyways to a thriving boutique industry like marijuana.
Paddington Bear 2…I’ve stalled writing a full review because all that really needs to be said is “Go see it.” So…”Go see it!”
Despite some ingenious marketing techniques (teasing an April release in theaters before officially revealing Netflix had bought it to distribute about two hours after telling the world it would be available–in February), this is probably the worst film in the “Cloverfield” franchise and can’t hold a candle to “10 Cloverfield Lane,” the second and by… Read More »
I explain why Atlanta has the airport (hub of Delta Airlines), the facilities (last American city to host a Summer Olympics), cost, weather, space, transit routes, film production (3rd only to NY and LA), racial diversity, home prices, and perfect location to host Amazon’s HQ2
Alabama Liberal floats a wild theory about why Trump is so obsessed with Obama, and the final minute is about how you kind-of are what you hate.
Alabama Liberal ponders the irony of Trump’s “Nationalism” which usually only benefits Russia and their desire to see America divided and withdrawn from the world’s stage.
I break down how terror groups (ISIS), failed states (Libya), hostile governments (most of OPEC like Iran and Venezuela), and cyber-meddlers like Russia derive most of their income from fossil fuels, and making oil and coal worthless would make America safer
I explain why Americans NEED to believe Hillary ran a bad campaign because they can’t accept the appeal of Trump’s “minority-majority” fear-mongering
Three very different crime series are early into their seasons, but so far it’s become pretty clear which one is most worth watching… American Crime Story Season 2: The Assassination of Gianni Versace…In season one of “American Crime Story,” I resisted watching (at first) largely because I had no interest at all in rehasing the O.J. Simpson… Read More »


text:
Nature plays a big part in Shetland, the wide open spaces and pristine beaches make for a holiday that is second to one for getting close to nature. Subsequently most of the information here is based arround getting out and about. Probably the most popular reason for visitors to come to Shetland is for the bird watching.
Nye Swarthoull is situated in the beautiful Northmavine district of Shetland which contains some of the most stunning scenery available in Shetland. By far the best way to get a really good look at the scenery is to leave the car behind and try a walk
Nowhere on Shetland is more than a few minutes from the sea but Nye swarthuoll is closer than most. The sea is literally a stones throw away from the property and the pier and slipway just across the road means access to the sea could not be easier. Being this close to the sea makes Nye Swarthoull the ideal base for either a Sea angling or a Diving holiday but donít be deceived there are also ample fresh water sites to keep the most avid trout fisherman occupied for weeks.


text:
There are plenty of reasons why Tennessee will beat South Carolina this week. The Vols are big favorites and are playing well. South Carolina also has an interim coach.
A possible letdown is Tennessee’s biggest challenge this week if the Vols don’t take the Gamecocks seriously. A loss to South Carolina would change the entire feel of the season.
Here are five things to know:
- South Carolina is a tough team to figure now that former coach Steve Spurrier is gone. Here is what Vegas thinks about the Gamecocks’ chances against the Vols.
- For kicks, here is where the Vols rank nationally in special teams. The Vols are really good in the oft-forgotten phase of the game.
- Here is the final report card from Tennessee’s impressive win over Kentucky. The grades are in.
- The Vols are in the running for the top prospect in the state of Georgia. Here is when he’ll visit Knoxville.
- Several former Vols enjoyed the Kentucky game. Here are some of their tweets.
Other Tennessee news from around the Internet
- More recruiting news as Tennessee is among the final three for a 4-star receiver.
- Former Vol Tee Martin is once again in the middle of a key recruiting battle.
- Where do the Vols stand in the chase for one of the top OL in the region?
- South Carolina interim coach Shawn Elliott said Tennessee tailback Jalen Hurd is old school.
- Former Tennessee coach Phillip Fulmer let his guard down on Halloween.
The best stories around the SEC
- Florida is going to win the SEC East. That stings for Tennessee fans imagining that might have been.
- Missouri quarterback Maty Mauk has some free time. His season is over.
- Some don’t think the Alabama-LSU game is all that important.
- Others believe a one-loss Alabama team isn’t as good as Memphis.
- WATCH: The boom got dropped this weekend with some big hits on Saturday.


text:
Susan L. Angstadt
Susan L. Angstadt
Susan L. Angstadt
The words of the 150-year-old proclamation recited Monday by a local Civil War re-enactor were so poignant and unambiguous that it only seemed appropriate that a few young volunteers, at its conclusion, began placing flowers on the graves in the adjacent plot in Reading’s Charles Evans Cemetery.
The order by Gen. John A. Logan in 1868 established May 30 as Decoration Day.
Now called Memorial Day, it was designated “for the purpose of strewing with flowers or otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their country whose bodies lie in every city, village and hamlet churchyard in the land.”
As the Reading Philharmonic Band played “Nearer My God to Thee” under the direction of Jay A. Smith, volunteers with two local veterans organizations, Gen. McMurtrie Gregg American Legion Post 12 and the George Washington Carver American Legion Post 962, went grave to grave, gently laying cut flowers on top of the granite markers of those who sacrificed their lives for “the late rebellion,” as the Civil War was referred to in Logan’s order.
The honor of reading Logan’s General Order No. 11 in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of Memorial Day belonged to John L. Warren of Shillington.
He read the order at both Memorial Day services in Reading, one at the cemetery and the other in City Park. Both events were hosted by the organizations of the Combined Veterans Council of Berks County.
Warren is a descendant of a soldier in the 88th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Joseph McClean of Reading, who was killed in the second Battle of Bull Run on Aug. 30, 1862.
His remains were never found, but a headstone in his honor is found in Charles Evans Cemetery.
Dressed in a Civil War uniform like the one that would have been worn by his great-great-grandfather Samuel Boone of Reading, Warren spoke in front of the monument built through the efforts of McClean’s surviving comrades in honor of those who didn’t return home from the conflict.
“They felt it was truly to honor, so their sacrifices would be remembered,” Warren said.
It was estimated as many as 30,000 people crowded around the cemetery plot for the unveiling of the monument and dedication on Sept. 10, 1887. The ceremony followed a parade from Penn Square.
By comparison, fewer than 100 attended each of Monday’s ceremonies in the city.
Diane P. Price of the Combined Veterans Council said that for decades after Memorial Day was established as a national holiday, the Charles Evans service was considered the official service for Berks County.
Today, there are more than a half-dozen Memorial Day services around the county, she said.
Among those at Charles Evans were Melvin and Cindy Sensenig of Centre Park.
“This means a lot to me,” Melvin said. “My son (Matthew, 22) just graduated from the Naval Academy and my daughter (Abigail, 16) is in the junior ROTC at Reading High School. We just have a deep affection and respect for the military.”
Ken Lebron, assistant director of the Berks County Department of Veterans Affairs, called on today’s citizens not to lose focus on the true meaning of Memorial Day.
“The outpouring of grief was a way for the nation to heal,” he said. “Over time, Memorial Day was changed to the last Monday of May, but the meaning remained the same: to honor all men and women who gave their last full measure of devotion and who never had a chance to return home to live full and meaningful lives.”
A veteran himself, Lebron also said: “We must never forget the self-sacrifice that a select group of Americans made, from the founding of our country to the global war on terrorism. Nothing is more painful than the loss of a comrade, father, mother, son or daughter. We owe a great debt to those we can never repay, but we must try, and we invite our friend and neighbors and co-workers to do the same.”


- Open Access
Physiologically-based testing system for the mechanical characterization of prosthetic vein valves
© Rittgers et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2007
- Received: 08 March 2007
- Accepted: 13 July 2007
- Published: 13 July 2007
Due to the relatively limited amount of work done to date on developing prosthetic vein (as opposed to cardiac) valves, advances in this topic require progress in three distinct areas: 1) improved device design, 2) relevant device testing conditions, and, 3) appropriate parameters for evaluation of results. It is the purpose of this paper to address two of these issues (#2 and #3) by: 1) performing a study of normal volunteers to quantify the anatomy and hemodynamic features of healthy venous valves, 2) construction of a 2-step, in vitro testing procedure, which simulates both physiologic and postural conditions seen in the lower extremity venous system, and, 3) defining several modified and new parameters which quantify dynamic valve characteristics.
- Test Section
- Flow Waveform
- Roller Pump
- Venous Valve
- Common Femoral Vein
Although over 50 designs for prosthetic cardiac valves have been put forward over the past 40+ years and extensive testing performed on many of these devices resulting in millions of valves being implanted in patients , only a handful of concepts have been put forward for a prosthetic venous valve [2–7] and only 1 or two devices have reached clinical trials as yet . Simultaneously, it is estimated that between 6–7 million patients suffer from chronic venous insufficiency [CVI] of the legs with approximately 900,000 new patients be diagnosed annually in the United States . Of these, about 1–2% will develop venous stasis ulcers of the lower extremities with many of them potentially benefiting from a satisfactory venous implant.
Thus, there remains a large, unmet demand for a functioning prosthetic vein valve, particularly one designed for implant into the proximal veins. The overall objectives of this study, then, were to create a prosthetic vein valve capable of successful clinical implantation which would: 1) provide minimal resistance to antegrade flow, 2) re-establish prevention of reflux flow, and, 3) remain patent for a minimum time period. To accomplish this, several novel designs of a valve frame and leaflet component were conceived which then required evaluation under relevant venous conditions. Thus, in vitro testing systems were developed to provide physiologic conditions under typical postural positions appropriate for a valve in the common femoral vein (CFV) position. Measurements were made of standard dynamic variables and both traditional and novel parameters were also derived from these data.
Previous related work was done by Hasaniya who used a rudimentary system to evaluate a vein valve constructed out of bovine jugular vein . His approach was to simply place the construct vertically into a closed dynamic flow system such that the leaflet operation could be observed under ultrasound imaging. The valve system was "evaluated continuously at various pressures", including 200–260 mmHg.
One of the more detailed systems was described by Qui et al.  who evaluated the fluid dynamics of two venous valve models made from bovine jugular vein valves. The system had the ability to control the steady forward flow through a horizontally mounted, 25 mm ID valve test section by adjusting the height of a downstream reservoir (up to 20 cm) relative to that of an upstream reservoir (fixed at 30 cm). Oscillatory effects were introduced by a third tank placed downstream and mounted on a rotary wheel such that it induced an additional backpressure from 0 to 13.5 cm H2O. This feature was designed to simulate respiratory and/or muscle pump actions. Flow was measured using an EMF, pressure was monitored at a single point immediately downstream of the valve and a glycerin in water blood analog fluid was used. Valve opening area was measured using the electric current generated by a photo detector that sensed the amount of light intensity from a He-Ne laser beam expanded to 15 mm diameter that was able to pass through the valve along its axis. Axial velocities upstream of the valve, at the valve exit, and 2 cm downstream of the valve exit were measured with a 4 W Argon-ion laser Doppler anemometer. This system was used to test a stented, formaldehyde treated bovine jugular vein valve and a stentless bovine jugular vein valve conduit. Their results confirmed the theory that vein valves are operated by a pressure differential rather than flow and that no reflux is needed to completely close the valve. Additionally, it was shown that the vein valve sinus expands rapidly upon backpressure, which was deemed to be a critical characteristic to consider when designing prosthetic venous valves.
A number of other studies have been performed where compliant tubing was used to contain the valve [11–14]. In particular, Raju et al. [15, 16] showed that a collapsible tube helps to buffer pressure variations in the vein and, upon closure of the valve, the tube below the valve collapses, producing venous pressure reduction. More recently, Buescher et al.  tested thin-walled latex and polyurethane film vein valves placed in a 12.7 mm latex tube which was mounted vertically and exposed to flow moving in either the antegrade or retrograde directions (depending upon input/output connections) between an arterial and a venous reservoir. A fluid medium (either 0.9% saline or 42 wt% glycerin solution) was gradually drained from the arterial reservoir into the venous reservoir over a height variation that produced flow rates from 0 to 15 ml/s. Measurements were made of the mass flow rate, various pressures including the differential pressure across the valve, and cross-sectional images from an arthroscopic camera. The primary output variable analyzed was the competency, C, which was defined as the percent ratio of the antegrade minus the retrograde flow rate divided by the antegrade flow rate to evaluate the effects of leaflet gap widths and sinus sizes.
A study was first performed on normal volunteers to quantify the anatomy and dynamics of healthy venous valves (The University of Akron Institutional Review Board, Application #20040140). A total of eleven superficial (SFV) and common femoral veins (CFV) in eight individuals were non-invasively examined using a Duplex ultrasound scanner (Siemens Medical System Incorporated, Ultrasound Group, Issaquah, WA). Because venous dynamics are a function of both hydrostatic and transmural pressures, measurements were taken under a combination of postural positions and physiologic conditions. For example, venous pressures significantly increase by: 1) elevating from a supine to a standing position, 2) inducing gait via the activation of the skeletal muscle pump, and, 3) breathing through changes in intrathoracic pressure. Thus, measurements were taken under various postural and dynamic conditions, including supine breathing, supine ankle flexion, standing breathing, and standing ankle flexion. Measurements were also taken during a Valsalva maneuver, which is defined as an attempt to forcibly exhale while keeping the glottis closed. This is an extreme condition in which the thoracic vena cava collapses leading to the application of a high retrograde pressure to the most proximal venous valves. Parameters obtained using B-mode imaging included CFV diameter, presence or absence of valve sinuses, SFV diameter, leaflet length, and SFV leaflet to wall angle. Peak SFV augmentation velocity and cycle period were obtained from the single channel pulse Doppler mode. Other parameters were derived from the raw data and included: leaflet to SFV diameter ratio, SFV area, SFV flow rate, SFV peak Reynolds number, and SFV Womersley number. Although these data are too extensive to report here, the average values were used as a guide for designing an in vitro flow test system and the first generation of prototypic, prosthetic valves.
The next step in the development process was to identify device designs, which minimally satisfied the criteria of 1) opening upon antegrade flow and 2) closing upon retrograde flow. Once conceived, these designs were then modified by varying several key dimensional parameters in order to provide a range of configurations that could result in measurable differences in valve function. [Note: A detailed description of these devices and their functional outcomes will be presented in a subsequent publication.] Furthermore, it was decided that a 2-stage testing process would provide the ability to first observe the devices in a more global operation (i.e. opening and closing, breakage, etc.) before proceeding with more rigorous testing. Thus, two test systems were built, one of which provided first-cut information about the valve's responsiveness to basic flow conditions (forward steady flow and step reverse flow) and the second of which provided more realistic physiologic conditions. Because of the rough, observational nature of the first testing protocol, the devices and test system were scaled up by a factor of 2:1 in order to better observe device operation. Those devices which passed this vertical column Mock-up Steady Flow System testing were then re-fabricated as 1:1 scale devices and more thoroughly evaluated in the horizontal Physiologic Flow System.
a. 2:1 Mock-Up System
where Re = characteristic Reynolds number, ρ = the fluid density, v = the fluid velocity, D = the tubing diameter, and, μ = the fluid viscosity; NL subscripts denote parameters of the normal volunteer study while MU denotes those of the Mock-up flow system.
where QMU = the volumetric flow rate in the Mock-up test system (L/min) and AMU = the cross-sectional area of the test section in the Mock-up system (cm2). This required that for VNL = 14.2 cm/s and DNL = 1.25 cm that QMU = 0.599 L/min (corresponding to a mean Re = 146).
Testing of a given valve consisted of recording differential pressure and flow while adjusting the variable resistor in the recycle stream to obtain the desired flow to the test section. After the flow rate to the test section stabilized at the desired value for a few seconds, the pump was turned off and the flow allowed to recede under the force of gravity. The pump remained off until the level of the water reached an equilibrium point with the height of the fluid in Tower I. This protocol was repeated five times for each valve. Data recordings consisted of analog differential pressure and flow waveforms. Differential pressure was measured with a transducer (Model P305D, Validyne Engineering Corporation, Northridge, CA) whose ports were connected to the test section at a distance of 27 cm above and below the test valve to allow for placement of the device inside a view box. The transducer itself was set at a height of 23 cm above the reference tubing to match the elevation of the device. Flow was measured with a 16 mm inner diameter transonic flow probe connected to the system just proximal to the recycle stream. The signal was processed by a transonic flow meter (Model T108, Transonic Systems, Ithaca, NY). Ultrasonic reflectors for the flow transducer were not needed because of the mineral particles in the tap water. Both differential pressure and flow waveforms were relayed to a PC interface system (WINDAQ™, DATAQ® Instruments Incorporated, Akron, OH) for recording and display. The waveforms for the Mock-up flow system were converted from a voltage signal to either their corresponding average differential pressure or flow values via linear calibration curves based on known data points. Through the acquisition system, data were obtained to the nearest 0.001 V with a temporal resolution of 1 ms at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Using the calibration equations, this corresponded to a resolution of 0.0345 mm Hg and 0.00264 L/min for differential pressure and flow rate, respectively.
Measured parameters for the 2:1 Mock-up system included mean flow rate, average differential pressure, valve closing time, reflux, and leakage. Each variable was defined by isolating a specific region in the time domain based on characteristic features of the differential pressure and flow waveforms. Mean flow rate and average differential pressure were time averaged over the period of one second before the constant flow pump was turned off. This provided the dynamic conditions that were acting on the valve as valve closure occurred. The time marker for the pump shut-off was defined as an initial sharp decrease in the flow waveform. The pump shut-off time was also used as the start marker for both the valve closing time and reflux parameters whereas the end marker was defined using the first rebound spike of the differential pressure waveform. Physically, the Valve Closing Time, VCT, was the time it took for the valve leaflets to first approximate one another after cessation of the forward driving pressure source. Correspondingly, Reflux Volume, , was defined as the volume of fluid that passed retrograde through the valve during the closing time period. The time interval over one second following the end marker was defined as the "1st Leakage Interval" where the volume of fluid that leaked distally through the valve was the leakage. The same thing was done over the next second, which was the "2nd Leakage Interval".
The only calculated parameter associated with the 2:1 Mock-up system was valve resistance, R, which was defined as the ratio of the average differential pressure to the mean flow rate. This value quantitatively described how much of a frictional effect the valve had on antegrade flow.
b. 1:1 Physiologic Flow System
1:1 Pulsatile Flow System Testing Protocol.
Steady Flow rate (L/min)
Pulse Frequency (rpm)
Measured parameters obtained in the supine position included cycle period, mean flow rate, and average differential pressure. Valve closed time, reflux volume, and forward volume were the measured parameters for the simulated standing position. Again, each variable was defined by isolating a specific region in the time domain based on characteristic features of the differential pressure and flow waveforms. Extracting direct parameters of interest from the supine position data consisted of isolating a single flow cycle and running the statistics function of the data processing software. Doing so provided cycle period, mean flow rate, average differential pressure, and root mean square flow rate. Obtaining measured parameters from the standing position data was somewhat more complex in that it required dividing the flow waveform into two distinct temporal regions per cycle. The first region was the period in which flow was negative and was referred to as the "Valve Closed Time." The volume change during this period was considered the Reflux Volume, , while the volume change during the remainder of the cycle in which flow was positive was considered the Antegrade Volume, .
where Qrms = the RMS flow rate in cm3/s, Cd = the experimentally determined constant in and, = the average difference between systolic and diastolic pressures in mmHg.
While there is extensive experience in applying EOA to cardiac valve testing, it was felt that using the RMS flow rate and systolic and diastolic pressures was not appropriate for the venous system, particularly since more direct input measures were available. Thus, mean flow rate and differential pressure were used along with an empirical constant that was determined by measuring flow and differential pressure in the open tube (i.e. with 'No Device' in place), which corresponded to a known orifice area. Thus, the constant, Cd, was solved for using Equation 4 for both the supine breathing and ankle flexion simulations.
where F = force (N), d = distance (m), ρ = water density (kg/m3), = Reflux volume (m3), g = the gravitational constant (m/s2), and, A = the cross sectional area of the test section (m2).
where = the Antegrade volume (m3).
Statistical analysis for the Mock-up data consisted of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05 performed on mean flow rate, which was the controlled variable, and a linear regression was performed between Valve Closure Time and Reflux. For the physiologic data, a series of one-way ANOVA tests were run at a significance level of 0.05 on the variables that were most relevant to valve selection. These parameters included average ΔP, R, EOA, , %Ref, REL, and η. The analysis was performed for both dynamic conditions in which the respective parameter was measured. When a significant difference existed, grouping was provided by the SNK procedure and was performed by a computer program (SAS, SAS Institute Incorporated, Cary, NC). To determine the repeatability of the system, one prototype valve was tested, removed and then re-inserted into the system for repeat testing. Those results were then evaluated to test for any statistical differences.
Results of the normal volunteer study were extremely valuable in defining both typical dimensions and anatomy of veins in the proximal lower extremity, but also in quantifying the velocities, flow rates, and cycle periods under various postural and physiologic conditions. Specifically, over the 11 subjects, the common femoral vein diameter was 1.04 ± 0.14 cm and peak flow rates (derived from peak velocities) were 0.6 L/min, 1.34 L/min, 0.78 L/min and 1.6 L/min for the cases SUBR, SUAF, STBR and STAF, respectively. Based on these data, a diameter of 1.25 cm was chosen for the prosthetic valve design to allow for some distention of the vein upon insertion. Representative values for peak flow rate under breathing and ankle flexion conditions were taken (0.69 L/min and 1.5 L/min, respectively) as the average values measured in the two postural positions (Supine and Standing), since the breathing and ankle flexion movements acted as the primary driving forces in each case. These peak values were then obtained in the 1:1 Pulsatile Flow System by setting the steady flow component to 50% of those values (0.35 L/min and 0.75 L/min, respectively) and allowing the roller pump to superimpose an additional unsteady component. Pumping frequencies were based upon typical breathing (~15 breaths/min = 15 rpm, or 0.25 Hz) and walking (~30 steps/limb/min = 30 rpm, or 0.5 Hz) cycles.
a. 2:1 Mock-Up System
A set of these devices was fabricated and a series of tests were then made on these designs in the 2:1 Mock-up System. Key results for the prototype device were that it had a forward steady flow pressure drop of 1.25 ± 0.153 mmHg and a resistance of 1.92 ± 0.578 mmHg*min/L. Under sudden hydrostatic backpressure conditions, the valve required 1.38 ± 0.0447 s to close and allowed 19.9 ± 4.40 cm3 of reflux followed by 4.36 ± 1.48 cm3 and 1.23 ± 1.02 cm3 of leakage during the 1st and 2nd one second post-closure intervals, respectively.
b. 1:1 Physiologic Flow System
1:1 Pulsatile Flow Results for Prototype vs. 'No Device' in Supine Position.
13.3 ± 0.0272
21.3 ± 0.271
14.6 ± 0.0012
23.5 ± 0.0338
1.12 ± 0.0166
7.97 ± 0.0935
6.00 ± 0.163
8.81 ± 0.157
7.37 ± 0.110
1.09 ± 0.0111
1:1 Pulsatile Flow Results for Prototype vs. 'No Device' in Standing Position.
59.6 ± 0.830
205 ± 5.37
283 ± 7.93
-319 ± 22.1
5.83 ± 0.688
18.1 ± 2.12
2.73 ± 0.654
36.7 ± 0.785
7.35 ± 0.28
24.6 ± 0.859
4.30 ± 0.333
93.9 ± 0.429
2.21 ± 0.978
7.10 ± 3.27
0.451 ± 0.411
99.4 ± 0.562
1:1 Pulsatile Flow Results for Repeat Measurements in Supine Position.
1.33 ± 0.0012
2.23 ± 0.0338
1.12 ± 0.0166
1.41 ± 0.0221*
2.29 ± 0.0379*
1.16 ± 0.015*
1.84 ± 0.151
1.37 ± 0.110
1.09 ± 0.0111
2.33 ± 0.0926*
1.73 ± 0.0889*
1.08 ± 0.0215
1:1 Pulsatile Flow Results for Repeat Measurements in Standing Position.
5.83 ± 0.688
2.73 ± 0.654
36.7 ± 0.785
3.99 ± 0.537*
12.7 ± 2.07*
1.29 ± 0.371*
38.4 ± 0.52*
2.21 ± 0.978
7.10 ± 3.27
0.451 ± 0.411
99.4 ± 0.562
1.55 ± 1.74
4.75 ± 5.27
0.384 ± 0.375
99.6 ± 0.443
a) 2:1 Mock-Up System
From a procedural standpoint, the Mock-up flow system proved to be an essential element in the development of second-generation optimized valve designs. The 2:1 scale and the steady flow component allowed for detailed observations to be made over the course of an extended time period, which would have been much more difficult to make on the 1:1 Physiologic Flow System alone. Similarly, the vertical column arrangement provided the ability to study the valve when it was subjected to the most extreme clinical condition. The Mock-up system was particularly valuable in providing information about frame-leaflet interactions and how the leaflet collapsed under a uniform reversing pressure. These capabilities led to observations that initiated the incorporation of features that were essential to the dynamic performance of the leaflets. Thus, it was concluded that the Mock-up was a necessary intermediate step in the design and development of the optimally designed valves.
Although dynamic similarity was maintained, the data obtained from the Mock-up flow system were not used to select the best performing second-generation optimized design. However, these results were able to indicate that the test device did have low forward resistance and reasonably low reflux. [Note: It was at this point in the design process that consideration was given to: 1) devise outcome parameters which were more specific to vein valve operation, and, 2) include recordings of tests with 'No Device' installed so that direct comparisons could be made of the prototype as a measure of relative effectiveness versus a totally incompetent valve.]
b) 1:1 Physiologic Flow System
The 1:1 Physiologic Flow System was valuable in simulating four realistic postural and physiologic conditions (SUBR, SUAF, STBR, and STAF) for vein valve testing, which provided data to evaluate the second-generation, optimally designed valves. The physiologic system was relevant to the dynamic conditions of the veins in the leg, which were necessary for a full evaluation of the different valves of the second generation, optimized design.
More specifically, by reducing the prosthetic devices to life-size (i.e. 1:1 scale) models, it was possible to obtain more realistic results and to confirm whether the devices would operate as well under physiologic conditions. However, this scale reduction also magnified some of the limitations in function of the device such as increased flow resistance and greater reflux due to decreased ability of the leaflet material to conform to the strut shapes. The smaller size also reduced precision of the fabrication process and, therefore, increased the relative impact of any incurred defects. Furthermore, by testing in a pulsatile flow system, it was possible to evaluate the effects of larger inertial forces and cyclical flexion on the device. This was important because opening and closing of the valve is strongly dependent upon the peak dynamic forces of the fluid and because of possible deformation or failure responses of the device after repeated operation. It was observed that the shorter durations of the opening and closing phases produced by the oscillatory flow conditions resulted in some designs not being able to close quickly enough and that the leaflets tended to achieve a more repeatable mode of operation after several cycles.
Unfortunately, there are virtually no comparable data from other prosthetic vein valves and it is unrealistic to compare these values to those of prosthetic cardiac valves due to large differences in test conditions – i.e. higher operating pressures (~2×), flow rates (~10×) and shorter, more abrupt cycles. As mentioned earlier, however, several outcome parameters were either modified or devised during this procedure in order to better quantify certain important device characteristics. For example, EOA was included because of its widespread use in evaluating cardiac valves. However, the standard definition of EOA is based on input data readily available to clinicians, i.e. systolic and diastolic pressures and root-mean-square flow, rather than more direct measures of pressure difference and flow rate per se. Furthermore, while the reflux volume is important, the question arose as to "how much reflux is too much?" Since it was difficult to estimate the amount of excess volume that the lower limb could tolerate over a given period of time, an alternate approach to this issue was taken by simply looking at the energy 'cost' of re-pumping the reflux flow. This, then, led to the Reflux Energy Loss (REL) parameter, which measured the work needed to lift the reflux volume of fluid against gravity the equivalent height of one point just distal to one point just proximal to the valve. Finally, collection of data with 'No Device' installed proved very useful for making comparisons of a given device (regardless of its overall ranking) against the worst possible case to determine the improvement it provided versus a totally defective valve (i.e. the clinical equivalent of CVI). These measurements also helped to establish the full-scale range of a given parameter.
Ultimately, the pulsatile flow system provided all of the data used for valve selection. In particular, the SUBR and SUAF conditions allowed for the evaluation of valves in terms of R and EOA while the STBR and STAF simulations characterized valves according to , %Ref, REL, and η. Both supine simulations were found to produce fairly realistic conditions but neither induced valve closure. This was consistent with observations made earlier during the normal volunteer study and focused the value of these tests on resistance-based, rather than reflux-based, parameters. The results obtained under the SUBR condition were considered particularly relevant since this case had a longer cycle period (4 s versus 2 s) and, thus, was more 'quasi-steady'. Reflux, on the other hand, was observed with both standing positions. However, the STAF simulation did not allow as much reflux as the STBR condition because of the higher frequency of the roller pump, which acted as an effective valve and, thus, limited reflux. For example, in the 'No Device' case, only 24.6% reflux was observed under the STAF condition as compared to 205% reflux in the STBR condition. Therefore, it was concluded that test valves would not be exposed to reversing flows under the STAF condition, which are large enough to distinguish between valve designs. The finding that %Ref exceeded 100% and η exceeded -300% for STBR underscores the fact that back flow in the veins is not primarily dependent upon the amount of forward flow per se but rather, upon the backpressure acting on the valve. In other words, a successful vein valve should first be able to prevent backflow of blood from the entire proximal vein and then, secondly, it should limit backflow beyond the point where the net forward flow is less than that required to maintain normal flow through the vessel.
Repeatability testing showed that, for a representative device, there were some statistically different values in the measured and computed variables between runs. These differences existed for all parameters under simulated 'breathing' conditions (i.e. SUBR and STBR) but only 2 of 7 parameters (ΔP and R) under simulated 'ankle flexion' conditions (i.e. SUAF and STAF). While these differences will limit the test system's ability to distinguish one valve design from another to some extent, most of the variability is relatively small compared to the 'No Device' case [Tables 2 and 3], and thus, should accurately reflect the improvement expected compared to a completely defective valve.
Finally, it is important to note that neither of these in vitro test systems used collapsible tubing in the test section as some earlier studies had done (15–17). While this feature would clearly have altered the results obtained, and especially the reflux flow data, it was felt that during the initial design testing phase, it was best to use a system which would evaluate the capabilities of the various devices themselves independent of other factors. Based on those results, then, appropriate improvements could be incorporated and/or final selections made between competing designs. Once optimized, the final design could then be re-tested with the addition of collapsible tubing to determine the physiologic response of the prototypic valve + vein combination.
From these results, it was concluded that the initial test device produced only a small increases in ΔP (<0.15 mmHg) and R (<0.25 mmHg*min/L) and a small decrease in EOA (<8%) relative to 'No Device'. Furthermore, it allowed <2% of and <6% of the REL observed with 'No Device'. Thus, the overall test systems and procedures used proved quite valuable in carrying out this phase of the design process. Further studies are now planned to evaluate biocompatibility concerns such as thrombogenicity and intimal hyperplasia of these devices in vivo.
The authors would like to acknowledge Ms. Shelly Burns, Coordinator of the Surgical Non-Invasive Laboratory, for performing the ultrasound examinations of all the normal volunteers. This study was supported by a grant from the NIH STTR Program (1 R41 HL077984-01).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


From the figures to see that the history of the B5 series of scale are lower than the Z7 and H7 series, but wins in the enough and the price advantage, so easy to sell is also a matter of course. B250 chipset comes standard with an M.2 SSD interface, but in fact because of the current M.2 SSD hot and rapid development, many manufacturers will use the chipset bus for the motherboard design of an M.2 SSD interface, although many people Are not used. As for the USB 3.1 in the 200 series of this generation is still not native support, manufacturers are required to extend third-party chip manufacturers, and this is still Tucao look.
H110 will not have an upgraded version, so H110 series products will be served to the 300 series motherboard before updating.
As for Intel’s Optane, this generation of three 200 series chipsets are supported.
● Compare B150: Slightly upgrade
B150 / B250 chipset comparison
chipset B250 B150
CPU interface LGA1151 (6/7 generation of Core) LGA1151 (6/7 generation of Core)
Memory frequency Silent frequency 2400MHz The frequency of 2133MHz
Overclocking function not support not support
Number of PCIe 3.0 buses 12 x PCIe 3.0 8 PCIe 3.0
USB interface 12 (6) 12 (6)
SATA interface 6 (6) 6 (6)
M.2 interface 1 Lt; / RTI & gt;
Disk Array not support not support
Intel Optane disk technology stand by not support
Intel’s Optane has said earlier, but the product to be listed in the middle of this year, and may also be listed after the price will be high, so if such a noble Optane, usually will choose Z170 motherboard, so the significance of Optane on B250 Will not be great, after all, buy the B250 players on the price or more value.
There is a PCIe bus to increase the four 3.0 channel, which is used to the four standard M.2 interface with the.
Finally, the default memory frequency support 2400MHz, DDR4 mature, more and more ultra-high frequency memory (2800,3200,3600) have been in the rack, and 2400MHz compared to 2133MHz upgrade is not great, there are tests before the comparison After, better than nothing, more psychological is cool.
● SATA-Express interface
On behalf of the B150 are basically all with SATA-Express interface, but more than a year later, not much equipment can plug this interface, it can be said that it is also a generation of failure, so the generation of many motherboards are not And then equipped with the interface, of course, nothing to pity.
B250 upgrade Summary:
In fact, the biggest change is that the above, the default memory frequency from 2133 to 2400, PCIe 3.0 bus number more than 4 can therefore be equipped with an M.2 SSD interface, Optane disk currently on the market there is no product …
So manufacturers in order to break through this shackles, more is to start from the motherboard design, such as playing lights, custom design, etc., then we take the MSI M3 test to see it.
We then compare his brother, MSI B150 GAMING M3, because there is no physical in hand, cut off the map.
You can see the appearance of the change is still relatively large, this generation B250 M3 restrained the overall design of a lot of calm, the motherboard PCB brown tone, Southbridge heat sink is not a big red design, but the red PCB circuit board design really Is a full sense of science and technology.
Motherboards are designed deep red line of the line, full of sense of science and technology, a little pity is that the motherboard is lit after the line does not light up, or certainly very good read (like FAIZ).
MSI is still the dragon’s design, MSI in recent years with a lot of effort to push their own dragons, but also extends a lot of lovely surroundings.
Provides two long PCIe 3.0 slots, the top one made of alloy curing, for the protection of the slot has a very good effect. In addition there are four PCIe 3.0 × 1 slot, you can expand many accessories, such as SSD, sound card, network card and so on.
As the B250 more than four PCIe 3.0 channel, MSI B250 M3 to use it in the M.2 SSD interface, the top is 22110 full-size M.2 interface, the bottom is the most mainstream 2280 interface, and the interface is also Do the alloy curing design, the main is such a relatively good-looking.
To this generation, many motherboards have abandoned the SATA-Express interface, 6 SATA 3.0 enough for most people to use, the pursuit of cost-effective users will be more inclined to use SATA 3.0 SSD, M.2 because of higher prices for the pursuit of the ultimate speed of the players .
This part of the difference with the previous generation B150 will not be great, but the popularity of USB 3.1 will be higher than the previous generation, so there will be more and more low-grade high-grade B250 motherboards are equipped with USB 3.1 interface, MSI B250 GAMING M3 on A set of A & C USB 3.1 interfaces is configured.
Motherboard work, the audio location of the LED split line and RJ-45 network cable port, USB interface will light up the red light, anyway, play the main theme of this year’s motherboard.
Although the host into the future certainly can not see it behind, but after opening the box to see this design is still a little bit stunned, the motherboard in this homogenization of serious stage, do not fight the color value is really difficult to play.
MSI B250 GAMING M3 power supply module is very luxurious, provides a 6 +4 phase digital power supply, in this positioning inside the board is a first-class level, and the top cover of the armor design is also very good.
ATX board of the B250, memory slots are certainly four of the, B250 motherboard default support DDR4 2400MHz frequency, higher than the B150’s 2133 lost a lost. And equipped with MSI’s DDR4 BOOST technology, of course, this technology is more for the overclocking Z270 services.
MSI follows the multi-generation AUDIO BOOST technology, under the electromagnetic shield is Reltek’s top ALC1150 chip, together with Nikon’s high-end audio capacitors, give you high-quality audio experience.
One of the selling points of the motherboard, onboard network card for the killer E2500, is relatively high-end network chip, a strong ability to deal with network data, the game can effectively reduce the delay.
Motherboard I / O interface USB 3.1 interface is through the chip through the PCIe 3.0 × 4 channel chipset out, can provide the maximum USB bandwidth of 10Gb / s, of course, there is not so fast U disk to sell, But perhaps soon?
Dismantling Summary: In fact, all the way down you can see the difference with the B150 is really little more to find a breakthrough from the design.
Motherboard JD price of 999 yuan, while the previous generation of B150 GAMING M3 899 yuan, 100 yuan difference, I think the B250 will buy a lot of Kaopu, after all, something is still a little upgrade, and the occasion of the new and old there is no alternative than the previous generation Expensive out of many, can be considered equivalent to the product.
Performance test can be seen respectively carrying i7-7700K and i7-6700K performance gap is basically the gap between the two CPU frequency (4.5GHz and 4.2GHz), but soon formal channels will let i7-6700K completely delisting , I7-7700K will be replaced with the same price i7-6700K, but Taobao certainly there will be cheaper than the 7700K 6700K a little bit, so how we choose the number of hearts you have friends.
● Board CPU power supply module temperature test:
Temperature test part, we mainly examine the motherboard CPU power supply part of the problem, this part of the motherboard is a large temperature heat, but also the stability of the key to the motherboard. We use the Fluke Ti25 thermal imager for testing, recording idle (CPU, graphics card no-load) and full load (CPU full load, graphics card empty) when the two data. Test when using the CPU for the official version of the i7-7700K.
At that time the evaluation room temperature is about 16 ℃, from the thermal imaging test chart can be seen in the standby time is only 39 ℃, and then run more than 10 minutes after full load, the left side of an inductor temperature is relatively high, reaching 76 ℃ , We use the heat sink for the side-blowing copper tiger C400 radiator, if the use of pressure-type radiator, the power supply module temperature can be lowered a little bit.
● BIOS test: the familiar MSI style
As Intel did not play any new tricks, motherboard manufacturers BIOS basically have developed a set of their own fixed style, even if the modification is more in appearance, color, make a fuss.
There are many optional preset memory parameters, my memory itself is the high-end high-frequency products, certainly to the high election friends, the maximum optional DDR4-2400, B250 can support the highest frequency.
This is only a brief list of BIOS, after all, change is not great, if the original is MSI motherboard players, see the BIOS to know how to play.
In fact, the whole generation of 200 series motherboard upgrade compared to 100 can not say no, but it is too obvious. B250 upgrade compared to the B150 in the memory frequency, PCIe channel, Optane have to wait for the kind of evaluation.
But fortunately, 200 series is almost equivalent to the 100 series replacement, and I randomly selected a number of hot models of Jingdong, B250 and B150 price comparison –
The same type of B250 and B150 difference is only 100 yuan or less, it is because there B150 inventory to be clear, if it is now equivalent, then B150 certainly can not sell in the hands of rotten, so there will be a little bit The difference, so B150 sold out, B250 prices will fall to the same and B150, so this upgrade is quite conscience.
In view of B250 and B150 is equivalent replacement, so the purchase of recommendations –
① If the original is in the B150 motherboard +6 generation CPU, or have bought the motherboard does not buy B150 CPU, then there is no need to upgrade the B250, you can directly buy 7-generation CPU with B150 use. Of course, if the original is 6 generations i5, then there is no need to upgrade 7 on behalf of the i5, to put on the 6 generation Pentium Celeron i3 and the like to upgrade to i5, i7 only meaningful.
② If it is newly installed computer, it is strongly recommended on the B250, do not buy B150, the difference is not large, but can support a higher frequency of memory, more than one M.2 SSD interface, but also with a cool heart.
③ If it is very old platform users to upgrade, also refer to Article ②.
B250 chipset can cover the surface is also great, it is recommended 6 generations / 7 generation Pentium, Celeron, i3, i5 use, if it is i5K or i7K or Z270 with it.


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