WANG Yi-jing; WANG Long
The problem of adaptive generalized predictive control which consists of output prediction errors for a class of switched systems is studied. The switching law is determined by the output predictive errors of a finite number of subsystems. For the single subsystem and multiple subsystems cases, it is proved that the given direct algorithm of generalized predictive control guarantees the global convergence of the system. This algorithm overcomes the inherent drawbacks of the slow convergence and large transient errors for the conventional adaptive control.
Frost, Susan A.; Balas, Mark J.
We propose a new framework called Evolving Systems to describe the self-assembly, or autonomous assembly, of actively controlled dynamical subsystems into an Evolved System with a higher purpose. An introduction to Evolving Systems and exploration of the essential topics of the control and stability properties of Evolving Systems is provided. This chapter defines a framework for Evolving Systems, develops theory and control solutions for fundamental characteristics of Evolving Systems, and provides illustrative examples of Evolving Systems and their control with adaptive key component controllers.
Akira Inoue; Ming-Cong Deng
This paper presents a framework of a combined adaptive and non-adaptive attitude control system for a helicopter experimental system. The design method is based on a combination of adaptive nonlinear control and non-adaptive nonlinear control. With regard to detailed attitude control system design, two schemes are shown for different application cases.
This paper presents an adaptive strategy for controlling chaotic systems. By employing the phase space reconstruction technique in nonlinear dynamical systems theory, the proposed strategy transforms the nonlinear system into canonical form, and employs a nonlinear observer to estimate the uncertainties and disturbances of the nonlinear system, and then establishes a state-error-like feedback law. The developed control scheme allows chaos control in spite of modeling errors and parametric variations. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through its applications to two well-known chaotic systems : Duffing oscillator and Rǒssler chaos.
Cao, Yi-Jia; Hang, Hong-Xian
This paper presents an adaptive strategy for controlling chaotic systems. By employing the phase space reconstruction technique in nonlinear dynamical systems theory, the proposed strategy transforms the nonlinear system into canonical form, and employs a nonlinear observer to estimate the uncertainties and disturbances of the nonlinear system, and then establishes a state-error-like feedback law. The developed control scheme allows chaos control in spite of modeling errors and parametric variations. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through its applications to two well-known chaotic systems: Duffing oscillator and Rössler chaos.
This paper presents an adaptive strategy for controlling chaotic systems. By employing the phase space reconstruction technique in nonlinear dynamical systems theory, the proposed strategy transforms the nonlinear system into canonical form, and employs a nonlinear observer to estimate the uncertainties and disturbances of the nonlinear system, and then establishes a state-error-like feedback law. The developed control scheme allows chaos control in spite of modeling errors and parametric variations. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through its applications to two well-known chaotic systems: Duffing oscillator and Rossler chaos.
Lemos, João M; Igreja, José M
This book describes methods for adaptive control of distributed-collector solar fields: plants that collect solar energy and deliver it in thermal form. Controller design methods are presented that can overcome difficulties found in these type of plants:they are distributed-parameter systems, i.e., systems with dynamics that depend on space as well as time;their dynamics is nonlinear, with a bilinear structure;there is a significant level of uncertainty in plant knowledge.Adaptive methods form the focus of the text because of the degree of uncertainty in the knowledge of plant dynamics. Parts
LI ZHI; HAN CHONG-ZHAO
A novel adaptive control and identification on-line method is proposed for a class of chaotic system with uncertain parameters. We prove that, using the presented method, a controller and identifier is developed which can remove chaos in nonlinear systems and make the system asymptotically stabilizing to an arbitrarily desired smooth orbit. And at the same time, estimates to uncertain parameters converge to their true values. The advantage of our method over the existing result is that the controller and identifier is directly constructed by analytic formula without knowing unknown bounds about uncertain parameters in advance. A computer simulation example is given to validate the proposed approach.
It is important to develop control techniques able to control not only known chaos but also chaotic systems with unknown parameters. This paper proposes a novel adaptive tracking control approach for identifying the unknown parameters and controlling the chaos, which is not closely related to the particular chaotic system to be controlled. The global uniform boundedness of estimated parameters and the asymptotical stability of the tracking errors are proved by Lyapunov stability theory and LaSalle-Yoshizawa theorem. The suggested method enables stabilization of chaotic motion to a steady state ad well as tracking of any desired trajectory to be achieved in a systematic way. Computer simulation on a complex chaotic system illustrtes the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , 42(9): 1200-1221, 1997. 6. D. Li, N. Hovakimyan...limitations of performance,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1604–1615, 2008. 8. X. Wang, N. Hovakimyan, 1L Adaptive...550-564, 2010. 5. C. Cao, N. Hovakimyan, Stability Margins of 1L Adaptive Control Architecture, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , vol. 55,
Full Text Available On-line monitoring devices to control functions such as volume, body temperature, and ultrafiltration, were considered more toys than real tools for routine clinical application. However, bio-feedback blood volume controlled hemodialysis (HD is now possible in routine dialysis, allowing the delivery of a more physiologically acceptable treatment. This system has proved to reduce the incidence of intra-HD hypotension episodes significantly. Ionic dialysance and the patient′s plasma conductivity can be calculated easily from on-line measurements at two different steps of dialysate conductivity. A bio-feedback system has been devised to calculate the patient′s plasma conductivity and modulate the conductivity of the dialysate continuously in order to achieve a desired end-dialysis patient plasma conductivity corresponding to a desired end-dialysis plasma sodium concentration. Another bio-feedback system can control the body tempe-rature by measuring it at the arterial and venous lines of the extra-corporeal circuit, and then modulating the dialysate temperature in order to stabilize the patients′ temperature at constant values that result in improved intra-HD cardiovascular stability. The module can also be used to quantify vascular access recirculation. Finally, the simultaneous computer control of ultrafiltration has proven the most effective means for automatic blood pressure stabilization during hemo-dialysis treatment. The application of fuzzy logic in the blood-pressure-guided biofeedback con-trol of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis is able to minimize HD-induced hypotension. In con-clusion, online monitoring and adaptive control of the patient during the dialysis session using the bio-feedback systems is expected to render the process of renal replacement therapy more physiological and less eventful.
HU Qiong; FEI Qing; MA Hongbin; WU Qinghe; GENG Qingbo
For conventional adaptive control,time-varying parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics are ticklish problems,which will lead to undesirable performance or even instability and nonrobust behavior,respectively.In this study,a class of discrete-time switched systems with unmodeled dynamics is taken into consideration.Moreover,nonlinear systems are here supposed to be approximated with the class of switched systems considered in this paper,and thereby switching control design is investigated for both switched systems and nonlinear systems to assure stability and performance.For robustness against unmodeled dynamics and uncertainty,robust model reference aclaptive control (RMRAC) law is developed as the basis of controller design for each individual subsystem in the switched systems or nonlinear systems.Meanwhile,two different switching laws are presented for switched systems and nonlinear systems,respectively.Thereby,the authors incorporate the corresponding switching law into the RMRAC law to construct two schemes of switching control respectively for the two kinds of controlled systems.Both closed-loop analyses and simulation examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the two proposed switching control schemes.Furthermore,as to the proposed scheme for nonlinear systems,its potential for practical application is demonstrated through simulations of longitudinal control for F-16 aircraft.
Full Text Available This paper deals with the control problem of the chaotic system subject to disturbance. The sliding mode surface is designed by singular system approach, and sufficient condition for convergence is given. Then, the adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to make the state arrive at the sliding mode surface in finite time. Finally, Lorenz system is considered as an example to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
disturbances. The following example illustrates the need for a robust state-feedback law and the sensi- tivity of the exact - linearization based control law... exact linearization , one can bring an input-output approach to a particular case of certainty- equivalence based adaptive control design. We now...are available for this model, exact linearization can be performed. Let C(s) be the compensator that is being used so far in the previous three
Wei Wei; Li Dong-Hai; Wang Jing
The chaos control of uncertain unified chaotic systems is considered. Cascade adaptive control approach with only one control input is presented to stabilize states of the uncertain unified chaotic system at the zero equilibrium point.Since an adaptive controller based on dynamic compensation mechanism is employed, the exact model of the unified chaotic system is not necessarily required.By choosing appropriate controller parameters, chaotic phenomenon can be suppressed and the response speed is tunable. Sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of the approach is derived. Numerical simulation results confirm that the cascade adaptive control approach with only one control signal is valid in chaos control of uncertain unified chaotic systems.
Yucelen, Tansel (Inventor); Kim, Kilsoo (Inventor); Calise, Anthony J. (Inventor)
An adaptive control system is disclosed. The control system can control uncertain dynamic systems. The control system can employ one or more derivative-free adaptive control architectures. The control system can further employ one or more derivative-free weight update laws. The derivative-free weight update laws can comprise a time-varying estimate of an ideal vector of weights. The control system of the present invention can therefore quickly stabilize systems that undergo sudden changes in dynamics, caused by, for example, sudden changes in weight. Embodiments of the present invention can also provide a less complex control system than existing adaptive control systems. The control system can control aircraft and other dynamic systems, such as, for example, those with non-minimum phase dynamics.
WU Li-jun; LIU Zhao-du; MA Yue-feng
A new longitudinal control strategy for vehicle adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems is presented.The running relationship between the ACC vehicle and the detected target vehicle is described by the relative velocity and the deviation between the actual headway distance and the prescribed safety distance.Based on this,two state space models are built and the linear quadratic optimal control theory is used to yield desired velocity for the ACC-equipped vehicle when with the target vehicle detected.By switching among four control modes,the desired velocity profile is designed to deal with different running situations.A velocity controller,which includes a PID controller for throttle openness and a neural network controller for brake application,is developed to achieve the desired velocity profile.The proposed control strategy is applied to a non-linear vehicle model in a simulation environment and is shown to provide the ACC vehicle comfortable ride and satisfying safety.
Full Text Available For the generator excitation control system which is equipped with static var compensator (SVC and unknown parameters, a novel adaptive dynamic surface control scheme is proposed based on neural network and tracking error transformed function with the following features: (1 the transformation of the excitation generator model to the linear systems is omitted; (2 the prespecified performance of the tracking error can be guaranteed by combining with the tracking error transformed function; (3 the computational burden is greatly reduced by estimating the norm of the weighted vector of neural network instead of the weighted vector itself; therefore, it is more suitable for the real time control; and (4 the explosion of complicity problem inherent in the backstepping control can be eliminated. It is proved that the new scheme can make the system semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this control scheme.
Juntao Fei; Hongfei Ding
This paper presents an adaptive control approach for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) z-axis gyroscope sensor. The dynamical model of MEMS gyroscope sensor is derived and adaptive state tracking control for MEMS gyroscope is developed. The proposed adaptive control approaches can estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients including the coupling terms due to the fabrication imperfection. The stability of the closed-loop systems is established with the propo...
Juntao Fei; Hongfei Ding
This paper presents an adaptive control approach for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) z-axis gyroscope sensor. The dynamical model of MEMS gyroscope sensor is derived and adaptive state tracking control for MEMS gyroscope is developed. The proposed adaptive control approaches can estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients including the coupling terms due to the fabrication imperfection. The stability of the closed-loop systems is established with the propo...
Full Text Available This paper presents an adaptive control approach for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS z-axis gyroscope sensor. The dynamical model of MEMS gyroscope sensor is derived and adaptive state tracking control for MEMS gyroscope is developed. The proposed adaptive control approaches can estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients including the coupling terms due to the fabrication imperfection. The stability of the closed-loop systems is established with the proposed adaptive control strategy. Numerical simulation is investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Baldi, Simone; Battistelli, Giorgio; Mari, Daniele; Mosca, Edoardo; Tesi, Pietro
This paper addresses the problem of controlling an uncertain multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system by means of adaptive switching control schemes. In particular, the paper aims at extending the approach of multiple-model unfalsified adaptive switched control, so far restricted to single-input singl
Proceedings of the American Control Conference , pp. 547-551, San Francisco, June 1993. 3 2 1.3 Personnel Dr. Robert Kosut and Dr. M. Giintekin Kabuli worked on...Control of Nonlinear Systems Under Matching Conditions," Proceedings of the American Control Conference , pp. 549-555, San Diego, CA, May 1990.  I...Poolla, P. Khargonekar, A. Tikku, J. Krause and K. Nagpal, "A time-domain ap- proach to model validation," Proceedings
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — SSCI, in collaboration with Boeing Phantom Works, proposes to develop and test an efficient Integrated Damage Adaptive Control System (IDACS). The proposed system is...
JIANG Rui; LUO Guiming
The least-squares(LS)algorithm has been used for system modeling for a long time. Without any excitation conditions, only the convergence rate of the common LS algorithm can be obtained. This paper analyzed the weighted least-squares(WLS)algorithm and described the good properties of the WLS algorithm. The WLS algorithm was then used for daptive control of linear stochastic systems to show that the linear closed-loop system was globally stable and that the system identification was consistent. Compared to the past optimal adaptive controller,this controller does not impose restricted conditions on the coefficients of the system, such as knowing the first coefficient before the controller. Without any persistent excitation conditions, the analysis shows that, with the regulation of the adaptive control, the closed-loop system was globally stable and the adaptive controller converged to the one-step-ahead optimal controller in some sense.
WU Ligang; WANG Changhong
By using the exponential reaching law technology,a sliding mode controller was designed for Lorenz chaotic system subject to an unknown external disturbance.On this basis,considering the unknown disturbance,an adaptive law was introduced to adaptively estimate the parameters of the disturbance bounds.Furthermore,to eliminate the chattering resulting from the discontinuous switch controller and to guarantee system transient performance,a new adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller was designed.The results of the simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Farid, R.; Ibrahim, A.; Zalam, B., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org [Menofia University, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Department of Industrial Electronics and Control, Menuf, Menofia (Egypt)
Chaos control here means to design a controller that is able to mitigating or eliminating the chaos behavior of nonlinear systems that experiencing such phenomenon. In this paper, an Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller (ASMC) is presented based on Lyapunov stability theory. The well known Chua's circuit is chosen to be our case study in this paper. The study shows the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode controller.
Farid, R.; Ibrahim, A.; Zalam, B.
Chaos control here means to design a controller that is able to mitigating or eliminating the chaos behavior of nonlinear systems that experiencing such phenomenon. In this paper, an Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller (ASMC) is presented based on Lyapunov stability theory. The well known Chua's circuit is chosen to be our case study in this paper. The study shows the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode controller.
Full Text Available A model based adaptive piecewise linear control scheme for industry processes with specifications on peak overshoots and rise times is proposed. It is a gain stabilized control technique. Large gain is used for large tracking error to get fast response. Small gain is used between large and small tracking error for good performance. Large gain is used again for small tracking error to cope with large disturbance. Parameters of the three-segment piecewise linear controller are found by an automatic regulating time series which is function of output characteristics of the plant and reference model. The time series will be converged to steady values after the time response of the considered system matching that of the reference model. The proposed control scheme is applied to four numerical examples which have been compensated by PID controllers. Parameters of PID controllers are found by optimization method. It gives an almost command independent response and gives significant improvements for response time and performance.
Yizhong WANG; Huaguang ZHANG; Jun YANG
This paper focuses on the robust adaptive control problems for a class of interval time-delay systems and a class of large-scale interconnected systems. The nonlinear uncertainties of the systems under study are bounded by high-order polynomial functions with unknown gains. Firstly, the adaptive feedback controller which can guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system in the sense of uniform ultimate boundedness is proposed. Then the proposed adaptive idea is extended to robust stabilizing designing method for a class of large-scale interconnected systems. Here, another problem we address is to design a decentralized feedback adaptive controller such that the closed-loop system is stable in the sense of uniform ultimate boundedness for all admissible uncertainties and time-delay. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the validity of the proposed approach.
Yaonan WANG; Jinzhu PENG; Wei SUN; Hongshan YU; Hui ZHANG
To deal with the uncertainty factors of robotic systems,a robust adaptive tracking controller is Droposed.The knowledge of the uncertainty factors is assumed to be unidentified;the proposed controller can guarantee robustness to parametric and dynamics uncertainties and can also reject any bounded,immeasurable disturbances entering the System.The stability of the proposed controller is proven by the Lyapunov method.The proposed controller can easily be implemented and the stability of the closed system can be ensured;the tracking error and adaptation parameter error are uniformly ultimately bounded(UUB).Finally,some simulation examples are utilized to illustrate the control performance.
Xiao-Yuan Luo; Zhi-Hao Zhu; Xin-Ping Guan
In this paper, a robust adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is proposed. A novel adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface model is built to approximate the uncertain nonlinear functions by only one fuzzy logic system. The approximation capability of this model is proved and the model is implemented to solve the problem that too many approximators are used in the controller design of uncertain nonlinear systems. The shortage of "explosion of complexity" in backstepping design procedure is overcome by using the proposed dynamic surface control method. It is proved by constructing appropriate Lyapunov candidates that all signals of closed-loop systems are semi-globaily uniformly ultimate bounded. Also, this novel controller stabilizes the states of uncertain nonlinear systems faster than the adaptive sliding mode controller (SMC). Two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the control approach proposed in this paper.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Most fault adaptive control research addresses the preservation of system stability or functionality in the presence of a specific failure (fault). This paper...
李洪兴; 苗志宏; 王加银
A kind of stable adaptive fuzzy control of nonlinear system is implemented using variable universe method. First of all, the basic structure of variable universe adaptive fuzzy controllers is briefly introduced. Then the contraction-expansion factor that is a key tool of variable universe method is defined by means of integral regulation idea, and a kind of adaptive fuzzy controllers is designed by using such a contraction-expansion factor. The simulation on first order nonlinear system is done. Secondly, it is proved that the variable universe adaptive fuzzy control is asymptotically stable by use of Lyapunov theory. The simulation on the second order nonlinear system shows that its simulation effect is also quite good. Finally a useful tool, called symbolic factor, is proposed, which may be of universal significance. It can greatly reduce the settling time and enhance the robustness of the system.
Gunne J. Hegglid
Full Text Available This paper describes an adaptive multivariable control system for hydroelectric generating units. The system is based on a detailed mathematical model of the synchronous generator, the water turbine, the exiter system and turbine control servo. The models of the water penstock and the connected power system are static. These assumptions are not considered crucial. The system uses a Kalman filter for optimal estimation of the state variables and the parameters of the electric grid equivalent. The multivariable control law is computed from a Riccatti equation and is made adaptive to the generators running condition by means of a least square technique.
Hansen, Poul Erik; Conrad, Finn
Presentation of two new developed adaptive non-liner controllers for hydraulic actuator systems to give stable operation and improved performance.Results from the IMCIA project supported by the Danish Technical Research Council (STVF).......Presentation of two new developed adaptive non-liner controllers for hydraulic actuator systems to give stable operation and improved performance.Results from the IMCIA project supported by the Danish Technical Research Council (STVF)....
Picon-Jimenez, J. L.; Montgomery, R. C.; Grigsby, L. L.
The flying qualities of atmospheric reentry vehicles experience considerable variations due to the wide changes in flight conditions characteristic of reentry trajectories. A digital adaptive control system has been designed to modify the vehicle's dynamic characteristics and to provide desired flying qualities for all flight conditions. This adaptive control system consists of a finite-memory identifier which determines the vehicle's unknown parameters, and a gain computer which calculates feedback gains to satisfy flying quality requirements.
Zhang, Yanjun; Tao, Gang; Chen, Mou
This paper presents a new study on the adaptive neural network-based control of a class of noncanonical nonlinear systems with large parametric uncertainties. Unlike commonly studied canonical form nonlinear systems whose neural network approximation system models have explicit relative degree structures, which can directly be used to derive parameterized controllers for adaptation, noncanonical form nonlinear systems usually do not have explicit relative degrees, and thus their approximation system models are also in noncanonical forms. It is well-known that the adaptive control of noncanonical form nonlinear systems involves the parameterization of system dynamics. As demonstrated in this paper, it is also the case for noncanonical neural network approximation system models. Effective control of such systems is an open research problem, especially in the presence of uncertain parameters. This paper shows that it is necessary to reparameterize such neural network system models for adaptive control design, and that such reparameterization can be realized using a relative degree formulation, a concept yet to be studied for general neural network system models. This paper then derives the parameterized controllers that guarantee closed-loop stability and asymptotic output tracking for noncanonical form neural network system models. An illustrative example is presented with the simulation results to demonstrate the control design procedure, and to verify the effectiveness of such a new design method.
Hormetic dose response occurs for many endpoints associated with exposures of biological organisms to environmental stressors. Cell-based U- or inverted U-shaped responses may derive from common processes involved in activation of adaptive responses required to protect cells from...
LIU Yu-sheng; CHEN Jiang; LI Xing-yuan
Many physical systems such as biochemical processes and machines with friction are of nonlinearly parameterized systems with uncertainties.How to control such systems effectively is one of the most challenging problems.This paper presents a robust adaptive controller for a significant class of nonlinearly parameterized systems.The controller can be used in cases where there exist parameter and nonlinear uncertainties,unmodeled dynamics and unknown bounded disturbances.The design of the controller is based on the control Lyapunov function method.A dynamic signal is introduced and adaptive nonlinear damping terms are used to restrain the effects of unmodeled dynamics,nonlinear uncertainties and unknown bounded disturbances.The backstepping procedure is employed to overcome the complexity in the design.With the proposed method,the estimation of the unknown parameters of the system is not required and there is only one adaptive parameter no matter how high the order of the system is and how many unknown parameters.there are.It is proved theoretically that the proposed robust adaptive control scheme guarantees the stability of nonlinearly parameterized system.Furthermore,all the states approach the equilibrium in arbitrary precision by choosing some design constants appropriately.Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive controller.
Mingjun ZHANG; Huaguang ZHANG
In this paper, a robust adaptive fuzzy control scheme for a class of nonlinear system with uncertainty is proposed. First, using prior knowledge about the plant we obtain a fuzzy model, which is called the generalized fuzzy hyperbolic model (GFHM). Secondly, for the case that the states of the system are not available an observer is designed and a robust adaptive fuzzy output feedback control scheme is developed. The overall control system guarantees that the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of origin and that all signals involved are uniformly bounded. The main advantages of the proposed control scheme are that the human knowledge about the plant under control can be used to design the controller and only one parameter in the adaptive mechanism needs to be on-line adjusted.
Wenli Sun; Hong Cai; Fu Zhao
An adaptive repetitive control scheme is presented for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems based on the fuzzy ba-sis function network (FBFN). The parameters of the fuzzy rules are tuned with adaptive schemes. To attenuate chattering effectively, the discontinuous control term is approximated by an adaptive PI control structure. The bound of the discontinuous control term is assumed to be unknown and estimated by an adaptive mecha-nism. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive repeti-tive control law is proposed to guarantee the closed-loop stability and the tracking performance. By means of FBFNs, which avoid the nonlinear parameterization from entering into the adaptive repetitive control, the control er singularity problem is solved. The proposed approach does not require an exact structure of the sys-tem dynamics, and the proposed control er is utilized to control a model of permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor subject to significant disturbances and parameter uncertainties. The simula-tion results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
ZHANG Huaguang; ZHANG Mingjun
For a class of nonlinear multi-input multi-output systems with uncertainty, a robust direct adaptive fuzzy control scheme was proposed. The feedback control law and adaptive law for parameters were derived based on Lyapunov design approach. The overall control scheme can guarantee that the tracking error converges in the small neighborhood of origin, and all signals of the closed-loop system are uniformly bounded. The main advantage of the proposed control scheme is that in each subsystem only one parameter vector needs to be adjusted on-line in the adaptive mechanism, and so the on-line computing burden is reduced. In addition, the proposed control scheme is a smooth control with no chattering phenomena. A simulation example was proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
The problem of indirect adaptive fuzzy and impulsive control for a class of nonlinear systems is investigated.Based on the approximation capability of fuzzy systems,a novel adaptive fuzzy and impulsive control strategy with supervisory controller is developed.With the help of a supervisory controller,global stability of the resulting closed-loop system is established in the sense that all signals involved are uniformly bounded.Furthermore,the adaptive compensation term of the upper bound function of the sum of residual and approximation error is adopted to reduce the effects of modeling error.By the generalized Barbalat's lemma,the tracking error between the output of the system and the reference signal is proved to be convergent to zero asymptotically.Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Xia, Feng; Peng, Chen; Sun, Youxian; Dong, Jinxiang
There is a trend towards using wireless technologies in networked control systems. However, the adverse properties of the radio channels make it difficult to design and implement control systems in wireless environments. To attack the uncertainty in available communication resources in wireless control systems closed over WLAN, a cross-layer adaptive feedback scheduling (CLAFS) scheme is developed, which takes advantage of the co-design of control and wireless communications. By exploiting cross-layer design, CLAFS adjusts the sampling periods of control systems at the application layer based on information about deadline miss ratio and transmission rate from the physical layer. Within the framework of feedback scheduling, the control performance is maximized through controlling the deadline miss ratio. Key design parameters of the feedback scheduler are adapted to dynamic changes in the channel condition. An event-driven invocation mechanism for the feedback scheduler is also developed. Simulation results sh...
El-Nagar, Ahmad M
In this study, an intelligent adaptive controller approach using the interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) is presented. The proposed controller consists of a lower level proportional - integral (PI) controller, which is the main controller and an upper level IT2FNN which tuning on-line the parameters of a PI controller. The proposed adaptive PI controller based on IT2FNN (API-IT2FNN) is implemented practically using the Arduino DUE kit for controlling the speed of a nonlinear DC motor-generator system. The parameters of the IT2FNN are tuned on-line using back-propagation algorithm. The Lyapunov theorem is used to derive the stability and convergence of the IT2FNN. The obtained experimental results, which are compared with other controllers, demonstrate that the proposed API-IT2FNN is able to improve the system response over a wide range of system uncertainties.
Zhang, Bi; Hong, Hyokchan; Mao, Zhizhong
The Hammerstein-Wiener model is a block-oriented model, having a linear dynamic block sandwiched by two static nonlinear blocks. This note develops an adaptive controller for a special form of Hammerstein-Wiener nonlinear systems which are parameterized by the key-term separation principle. The adaptive control law and recursive parameter estimation are updated by the use of internal variable estimations. By modeling the errors due to the estimation of internal variables, we establish convergence and stability properties. Theoretical results show that parameter estimation convergence and closed-loop system stability can be guaranteed under sufficient condition. From a qualitative analysis of the sufficient condition, we introduce an adaptive weighted factor to improve the performance of the adaptive controller. Numerical examples are given to confirm the results in this paper.
The variation of joint groove size during tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding will result in the non-uniform fill of deposited metal. To solve this problem, an adaptive fill control system was developed based on laser vision sensing. The system hardware consists of a modular development kit (MDK) as the real-time image capturing system, a computer as the controller, a D/A conversion card as the interface of controlled variable output, and a DC TIG welding system as the controlled device. The system software is developed and the developed feature extraction algorithm and control strategy are of good accuracy and robustness. Experimental results show that the system can implement adaptive fill of melting metal with high stability, reliability and accuracy. The groove is filled well and the quality of the weld formation satisfies the relevant industry criteria.
This work investigates adaptive control of a large class of uncertain me-delay chaotic systems (UTCSs) with unknown general perturbation terms bounded by a polynomial ( unknown gains). Associated with the different cases of known and unknown system matrices, two corresponding adaptive controllers are proposed to stabilize unstable fixed points of the systems by means of Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequalities (LMI) which can be solved easily by convex optimization algorithms. Two examples are used for examining the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Vyacheslav K. Mayevski
Full Text Available This paper describes a mathematical model of an industrial chemical reactor for production of synthetic rubber. During reactor operation the model parameters vary considerably. To create a control algorithm performed transformation of mathematical model of the reactor in order to obtain a dependency that can be used to determine the model parameters are changing during reactor operation.
Milani, Reza Hamidi; Zarabadipour, Hassan; Shahnazi, Reza
For engineering systems, uncertainties and time delays are two important issues that must be considered in control design. Uncertainties are often encountered in various dynamical systems due to modeling errors, measurement noises, linearization and approximations. Time delays have always been among the most difficult problems encountered in process control. In practical applications of feedback control, time delay arises frequently and can severely degrade closed-loop system performance and in some cases, drives the system to instability. Therefore, stability analysis and controller synthesis for uncertain nonlinear time-delay systems are important both in theory and in practice and many analytical techniques have been developed using delay-dependent Lyapunov function. In the past decade the magnetic and levitation (maglev) transportation system as a new system with high functionality has been the focus of numerous studies. However, maglev transportation systems are highly nonlinear and thus designing controller for those are challenging. The main topic of this paper is to design an adaptive robust controller for maglev transportation systems with time-delay, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. In this paper, an adaptive robust control (ARC) is designed for this purpose. It should be noted that the adaptive gain is derived from Lyapunov-Krasovskii synthesis method, therefore asymptotic stability is guaranteed.
Bagchi, Arunabha; Chen, Han-Fu
We study linear-quadratic adaptive tracking problems for a special class of stochastic systems expressed in the state-space form. This is a long-standing problem in the control of aircraft flying through atmospheric turbulence. Using an ELS-based algorithm and introducing dither in the control law w
LIU Guo-Gang; ZHAO Yi
@@ By using a simple combination of feedback entrainment control (with an updating feedback strength) and adaptive scheme, for a large class of chaotic systems, it is proven rigorously by using the invariance principle of differential equations that all unknown model parameters can be estimated dynamically and the uncertain system can be controlled to an arbitrary desired smooth orbit. The illustration of the Lorenz system and the corresponding numerical results on the effect of noise are given.
LIU Yusheng; LI Xingyuan
The ideas of adaptive nonlinear damping and changing supply functions were used to counteract the effects of parameter and nonlinear uncertainties,unmodeled dynamics and unknown bounded disturbances.The high-gain observer was used to estimate the state of the system.A robust adaptive output feedback control scheme was proposed for nonlinearly parameterized systems represented by inputoutput models.The scheme does not need to estimate the unknown parameters nor add a dynamical signal to dominate the effects of unmodeled dynamics.It is proven that the proposed control scheme guarantees that all the variables in the closed-loop system are bounded and the mean-square tracking error can be made arbitrarily small by choosing some design parameters appropriately.Simulation results have illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive control scheme.
Ren, Haipeng; Fan, Juntao
With the price decreasing of the pneumatic proportional valve and the high performance micro controller, the simple structure and high tracking performance pneumatic servo system demonstrates more application potential in many fields. However, most existing control methods with high tracking performance need to know the model information and to use pressure sensor. This limits the application of the pneumatic servo system. An adaptive backstepping slide mode control method is proposed for pneumatic position servo system. The proposed method designs adaptive slide mode controller using backstepping design technique. The controller parameter adaptive law is derived from Lyapunov analysis to guarantee the stability of the system. A theorem is testified to show that the state of closed-loop system is uniformly bounded, and the closed-loop system is stable. The advantages of the proposed method include that system dynamic model parameters are not required for the controller design, uncertain parameters bounds are not need, and the bulk and expensive pressure sensor is not needed as well. Experimental results show that the designed controller can achieve better tracking performance, as compared with some existing methods.
Ren, Haipeng; Fan, Juntao
With the price decreasing of the pneumatic proportional valve and the high performance micro controller, the simple structure and high tracking performance pneumatic servo system demonstrates more application potential in many fields. However, most existing control methods with high tracking performance need to know the model information and to use pressure sensor. This limits the application of the pneumatic servo system. An adaptive backstepping slide mode control method is proposed for pneumatic position servo system. The proposed method designs adaptive slide mode controller using backstepping design technique. The controller parameter adaptive law is derived from Lyapunov analysis to guarantee the stability of the system. A theorem is testified to show that the state of closed-loop system is uniformly bounded, and the closed-loop system is stable. The advantages of the proposed method include that system dynamic model parameters are not required for the controller design, uncertain parameters bounds are not need, and the bulk and expensive pressure sensor is not needed as well. Experimental results show that the designed controller can achieve better tracking performance, as compared with some existing methods.
Liu, Zhi; Zhang, Yun; Chen, C. L. Philip
In order to assure the communication quality in network systems with heavy traffic and limited bandwidth, a new ATRED (adaptive thresholds random early detection) congestion control algorithm is proposed for the congestion avoidance and resource management of network systems. Different to the traditional AQM (active queue management) algorithms, the control parameters of ATRED are not configured statically, but dynamically adjusted by the adaptive mechanism. By integrating with the adaptive strategy, ATRED alleviates the tuning difficulty of RED (random early detection) and shows a better control on the queue management, and achieve a more robust performance than RED under varying network conditions. Furthermore, a dynamic transmission control protocol-AQM control system using ATRED controller is introduced for the systematic analysis. It is proved that the stability of the network system can be guaranteed when the adaptive mechanism is finely designed. Simulation studies show the proposed ATRED algorithm achieves a good performance in varying network environments, which is superior to the RED and Gentle-RED algorithm, and providing more reliable service under varying network conditions.
Lian, Jianming; Hu, Jianghai; Zak, Stanislaw H.
Variable neural adaptive robust control strategies are proposed for the output tracking control of a class of multi-input multi-output uncertain systems. The controllers incorporate a variable-structure radial basis function (RBF) network as the self-organizing approximator for unknown system dynamics. The variable-structure RBF network solves the problem of structure determination associated with fixed-structure RBF networks. It can determine the network structure on-line dynamically by adding or removing radial basis functions according to the tracking performance. The structure variation is taken into account in the stability analysis of the closed-loop system using a switched system approach with the aid of the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function. The performance of the proposed variable neural adaptive robust controllers is illustrated with simulations.
Wieser, V.; Hrudkay, K.
This paper deals with a simulation of cellular CDMA system using base station adaptive antennas. The model assumes two tiers area, four types of antennas, lognormal shadowing corresponding to three types of environments and perfect power control or two values of power control error, respectively. The capacity of system in up-link is evaluated by a number of mobile stations with higher signal to interference ratio than threshold with given outage probability.
Li Chuntao; Tan Yonghong
An adaptive control scheme is developed for a class of single-input nonlinear systems preceded by unknown hysteresis, which is a non-differentiable and multi-value mapping nonlinearity. The controller based on the three-layer neural network (NN), whose weights are derived from Lyapunov stability analysis, guarantees closed-loop semiglobal stability and convergence of the tracking errors to a small residual set. An example is used to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
This paper deals with nonholonomic systems in chained form with unknown covariance stochastic disturbances. The objective is to design the almost global adaptive asymptotical controllers in probability u0 and u1 for the systems by using discontinuous control. A switching control law u0 is designed to almost globally asymptotically stabilize the state x0 in both the singular x0 (t0)=0 case and the non-singular x0 (t0)≠0 case. Then the state scaling technique is introduced for the discontinuous feedback into the (x1, x2, …, xn)-subsystem. Thereby, by using backstepping technique the global adaptive asymptotical control law u1 has been presented for (x1, x2, …, xn) -subsystem for both different u0 in non-singular x0 (t0)≠0 case and the singular case x0 (t0)=0. The control algorithm validity is proved by simulation.
Andersen, Torben Ole; Pedersen, Henrik Clemmensen; Bech, Michael Møller;
This paper deals with high-performance position control of hydraulics servo systems in general. The hydraulic servo system used is a two link robotic manipulator actuated by two hydraulic servo cylinders. A non-linear model of the hydraulic system and a Newton-Euler based model of the mechanical...... system were constructed and linearized. Controllers are implemented and tested on the manipulator. Pressure feedback was found to greatly improve system stability margins. Passive gain feedforward shows improved tracking performance for small changes in load pressure. For large changes in load pressure......, active gain feedforward shows a slightly improved performance. Computed-Torque Control shows better performance, but requires a well described system for best performance. A novel Adaptive Inverse Dynamics Controller was tested and the performance was found to be similar to that of Computed...
Full Text Available This paper deals with a simulation of cellular CDMA system usingbase station adaptive antennas. The model assumes two tiers area, fourtypes of antennas, lognormal shadowing corresponding to three types ofenvironments and perfect power control or two values of power controlerror, respectively. The capacity of system in up-link is evaluated bya number of mobile stations with higher signal to interference ratiothan threshold with given outage probability.
Full Text Available There is a trend towards using wireless technologies in networked control systems. However, the adverse properties of the radio channels make it difficult to design and implement control systems in wireless environments. To attack the uncertainty in available communication resources in wireless control systems closed over WLAN, a cross-layer adaptive feedback scheduling (CLAFS scheme is developed, which takes advantage of the co-design of control and wireless communications. By exploiting crosslayer design, CLAFS adjusts the sampling periods of control systems at the application layer based on information about deadline miss ratio and transmission rate from the physical layer. Within the framework of feedback scheduling, the control performance is maximized through controlling the deadline miss ratio. Key design parameters of the feedback scheduler are adapted to dynamic changes in the channel condition. An eventdriven invocation mechanism for the feedback scheduler is also developed. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is efficient in dealing with channel capacity variations and noise interference, thus providing an enabling technology for control over WLAN.
M. M. El-Dessoky
Full Text Available This paper investigates the problem of chaos control and synchronization for new chaotic dynamical system and proposes a simple adaptive feedback control method for chaos control and synchronization under a reasonable assumption. In comparison with previous methods, the present control technique is simple both in the form of the controller and its application. Based on Lyapunov's stability theory, adaptive control law is derived such that the trajectory of the new system with unknown parameters is globally stabilized to the origin. In addition, an adaptive control approach is proposed to make the states of two identical systems with unknown parameters asymptotically synchronized. Numerical simulations are shown to verify the analytical results.
Full Text Available EMS-type maglev system is essentially nonlinear and unstable. It is complicated to design a stable controller for maglev system which is under large-scale disturbance and parameter variance. Theory analysis expresses that this phenomenon corresponds to a HOPF bifurcation in mathematical model. An adaptive control law which adjusts the PID control parameters is given in this paper according to HOPF bifurcation theory. Through identification of the levitated mass, the controller adjusts the feedback coefficient to make the system far from the HOPF bifurcation point and maintain the stability of the maglev system. Simulation result indicates that adjusting proportion gain parameter using this method can extend the state stability range of maglev system and avoid the self-excited vibration efficiently.
Basar, T. [Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
We present an optimization-based adaptive controller design for nonlinear systems exhibiting parametric as well as functional uncertainty. The approach involves the formulation of an appropriate cost functional that places positive weight on deviations from the achievement of desired objectives (such as tracking of a reference trajectory while the system exhibits good transient performance) and negative weight on the energy of the uncertainty. This cost functional also translates into a disturbance attenuation inequality which quantifies the effect of the presence of uncertainty on the desired objective, which in turn yields an interpretation for the optimizing control as one that optimally attenuates the disturbance, viewed as the collection of unknown parameters and unknown signals entering the system dynamics. In addition to this disturbance attenuation property, the controllers obtained also feature adaptation in the sense that they help with identification of the unknown parameters, even though this has not been set as the primary goal of the design. In spite of this adaptation/identification role, the controllers obtained are not of certainty-equivalent type, which means that the identification and the control phases of the design are not decoupled.
Chen Yimei; Han Zhengzhi; Tang Houjun
The problem of adaptive stabilization of a class of multi-input nonlinear systems with unknown parameters both in the state vector-field and the input vector-field has been considered. By employing the control Lyapunov function method, a direct adaptive controller is designed to complete the global adaptive stability of the uncertain system. At the same time, the controller is also verified to possess the optimality. Example and simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
During the upgrading of current electric power grid, it is expected to develop smarter, more robust and more reliable power systems integrated with distributed generations. To realize these objectives, traditional control techniques are no longer effective in either stabilizing systems or delivering optimal and robust performances. Therefore, development of advanced control methods has received increasing attention in power engineering. This work addresses two specific problems in the control of solar panel based microgrid systems. First, a new control scheme is proposed for the microgrid systems to achieve optimal energy conversion ratio in the solar panels. The control system can optimize the efficiency of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm by implementing two layers of adaptive control. Such a hierarchical control architecture has greatly improved the system performance, which is validated through both mathematical analysis and computer simulation. Second, in the development of the microgrid transmission system, the issues related to the tele-communication delay and constant power load (CPL)'s negative incremental impedance are investigated. A reference model based method is proposed for pole and zero placements that address the challenges of the time delay and CPL in closed-loop control. The effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control design methods are demonstrated in a simulation testbed. Practical aspects of the proposed methods for general microgrid systems are also discussed.
Nguyen, Nhan T.
This paper presents a new model-reference adaptive control method based on a bi-objective optimal control formulation for systems with input uncertainty. A parallel predictor model is constructed to relate the predictor error to the estimation error of the control effectiveness matrix. In this work, we develop an optimal control modification adaptive control approach that seeks to minimize a bi-objective linear quadratic cost function of both the tracking error norm and predictor error norm simultaneously. The resulting adaptive laws for the parametric uncertainty and control effectiveness uncertainty are dependent on both the tracking error and predictor error, while the adaptive laws for the feedback gain and command feedforward gain are only dependent on the tracking error. The optimal control modification term provides robustness to the adaptive laws naturally from the optimal control framework. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control approach.
Juan C. Tudón-Martínez
Full Text Available Several methods have been proposed to estimate the force of a semiactive damper, particularly of a magnetorheological damper because of its importance in automotive and civil engineering. Usually, all models have been proposed assuming experimental data in nominal operating conditions and some of them are estimated for control purposes. Because dampers are prone to fail, fault estimation is useful to design adaptive vibration controllers to accommodate the malfunction in the suspension system. This paper deals with the diagnosis and estimation of faults in an automotive magnetorheological damper. A robust LPV observer is proposed to estimate the lack of force caused by a damper leakage in a vehicle corner. Once the faulty damper is isolated in the vehicle and the fault is estimated, an Adaptive Vibration Control System is proposed to reduce the fault effect using compensation forces from the remaining healthy dampers. To fulfill the semiactive damper constraints in the fault adaptation, an LPV controller is designed for vehicle comfort and road holding. Simulation results show that the fault observer has good performance with robustness to noise and road disturbances and the proposed AVCS improves the comfort up to 24% with respect to a controlled suspension without fault tolerance features.
Partial pressure, system vibration and asymmetric system dynamic performance exit in asymmetric cylinder controller by symmetric valve hydraulic system. To solve this problem in the force control system, model reference adaptive controller is designed using equilibrium point stability theory and output error equation polynomial. The reference model is selected in such a way that it meets the system dynamic performance. Hardware configuration of asymmetric cylinder controlled by asymmetric valve hydraulic system is replaced by intelligent control algorithm, thus the cost is lowered and easy to application. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive control sheme has good adaptive ability and well solves asymmetric dynamic performance problem. The designed adaptive controller is fairly robust to load disturbance and system parameter variation.
Junhai Luo; Heng Liu
This paper presents a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control method for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The fractional order calculus is employed in the parameter updating stage. The underlying stability analysis as well as parameter update law design is carried out by Lyapunov based technique. In the simulation, two examples including a comparison with the traditional integer order counterpart are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The main contribution of th...
Wai, Rong-Jong; Lee, Jeng-Dao
A magnetic-levitation (maglev) transportation system including levitation and propulsion control is a subject of considerable scientific interest because of highly nonlinear and unstable behaviors. In this paper, the dynamic model of a maglev transportation system including levitated electromagnets and a propulsive linear induction motor (LIM) based on the concepts of mechanical geometry and motion dynamics is developed first. Then, a model-based sliding-mode control (SMC) strategy is introduced. In order to alleviate chattering phenomena caused by the inappropriate selection of uncertainty bound, a simple bound estimation algorithm is embedded in the SMC strategy to form an adaptive sliding-mode control (ASMC) scheme. However, this estimation algorithm is always a positive value so that tracking errors introduced by any uncertainty will cause the estimated bound increase even to infinity with time. Therefore, it further designs an adaptive fuzzy-neural-network control (AFNNC) scheme by imitating the SMC strategy for the maglev transportation system. In the model-free AFNNC, online learning algorithms are designed to cope with the problem of chattering phenomena caused by the sign action in SMC design, and to ensure the stability of the controlled system without the requirement of auxiliary compensated controllers despite the existence of uncertainties. The outputs of the AFNNC scheme can be directly supplied to the electromagnets and LIM without complicated control transformations for relaxing strict constrains in conventional model-based control methodologies. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes for the maglev transportation system is verified by numerical simulations, and the superiority of the AFNNC scheme is indicated in comparison with the SMC and ASMC strategies.
Wang, Fang; Chen, Bing; Lin, Chong; Li, Xuehua
In this paper, a consensus tracking problem of nonlinear multiagent systems is investigated under a directed communication topology. All the followers are modeled by stochastic nonlinear systems in nonstrict feedback form, where nonlinearities and stochastic disturbance terms are totally unknown. Based on the structural characteristic of neural networks (in Lemma 4), a novel distributed adaptive neural control scheme is put forward. The raised control method not only effectively handles unknown nonlinearities in nonstrict feedback systems, but also copes with the interactions among agents and coupling terms. Based on the stochastic Lyapunov functional method, it is indicated that all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded in probability and all followers' outputs are convergent to a neighborhood of the output of leader. At last, the efficiency of the control method is testified by a numerical example.
Lin Wei [Key Laboratory of Mathematics for Nonlinear Sciences (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 (China); CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)], E-mail: email@example.com
In the existing results on chaos control and synchronization based on the adaptive controlling technique (ACT), a uniform Lipschitz condition on a given dynamical system is always assumed in advance. However, without this uniform Lipschitz condition, the ACT might be failed in both theoretical analysis and in numerical experiment. This Letter shows how to utilize the ACT to get a rigorous control for the system which is not uniformly Lipschitz but only locally Lipschitz, and even for the system which has unbounded trajectories. In fact, the ACT is proved to possess some limitation, which is actually induced by the nonlinear degree of the original system. Consequently, a piecewise ACT is proposed so as to improve the performance of the existing techniques.
Full Text Available This paper presents a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control method for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The fractional order calculus is employed in the parameter updating stage. The underlying stability analysis as well as parameter update law design is carried out by Lyapunov based technique. In the simulation, two examples including a comparison with the traditional integer order counterpart are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The main contribution of this paper consists in the control performance is better for the fractional order updating law than that of traditional integer order.
Zhang, Yangming; Yan, Peng; Zhang, Zhen
In this paper we present a systematic modeling and control approach for nano-manipulations of a two-dimensional PZT (piezoelectric transducer) actuated servo stage. The major control challenges associated with piezoelectric nano-manipulators typically include the nonlinear dynamics of hysteresis, model uncertainties, and various disturbances. The adverse effects of these complications will result in significant performance loss, unless effectively eliminated. The primary goal of the paper is on the ultra high precision control of such systems by handling various model uncertainties and disturbances simultaneously. To this end, a novel robust adaptive backstepping-like control approach is developed such that parametric uncertainties can be estimated adaptively while the nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances are treated as bounded disturbances for robust elimination. Meanwhile, the L2-gain of the closed-loop system is considered, and an H∞ optimization problem is formulated to improve the tracking accuracy. Numerical simulations and real time experiments are finally conducted, which significantly outperform conventional PID methods and achieve around 1% tracking error for circular contouring tasks.
Full Text Available This paper proposes adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT controller for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG wind turbine and direct power control for grid side inverter for transformer less integration of wind energy. PMSG wind turbine with two back to back voltage source converters are considered more efficient, used to make real and reactive power control. The optimal control strategy has introduced for integrated control of PMSG Maximum Power Extraction, DC link voltage control and grid voltage support controls. Simulation model using MATLAB Simulink has developed to investigate the performance of proposed control techniques for PMSG wind turbine steady and variable wind conditions. This paper shows that the direct driven grid connected PMSG system has excellent performances and confirms the feasibility of the proposed techniques. While the wind turbine market continues to be dominated by conventional gear-driven wind turbine systems, the direct drive is attracting attention. PM machines are more attractive and superior with higher efficiency and energy yield, higher reliability, and power-to-weight ratio compared with electricity-excited machines.
Kim, Kilsoo (Inventor); Yucelen, Tansel (Inventor); Calise, Anthony J. (Inventor)
Systems and methods for adaptive control are disclosed. The systems and methods can control uncertain dynamic systems. The control system can comprise a controller that employs a parameter dependent Riccati equation. The controller can produce a response that causes the state of the system to remain bounded. The control system can control both minimum phase and non-minimum phase systems. The control system can augment an existing, non-adaptive control design without modifying the gains employed in that design. The control system can also avoid the use of high gains in both the observer design and the adaptive control law.
Ping Zhou; Rui Ding
An adaptive tracking control scheme is presented for fractional-order chaotic systems with uncertain parameter. It is theoretically proved that this approach can make the uncertain parameter fractional-order chaotic system track any given reference signal and the uncertain system parameter is estimated through the adaptive tracking control process. Furthermore, the reference signal may belong to other integer-orders chaotic system or belong to different fractional-order chaotic system with di...
Athans, M.; Baram, Y.; Castanon, D.; Dunn, K. P.; Green, C. S.; Lee, W. H.; Sandell, N. R., Jr.; Willsky, A. S.
The stochastic adaptive control of the NASA F-8C digital-fly-by-wire aircraft using the multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) method is presented. The selection of the performance criteria for the lateral and the longitudinal dynamics, the design of the Kalman filters for different operating conditions, the identification algorithm associated with the MMAC method, the control system design, and simulation results obtained using the real time simulator of the F-8 aircraft at the NASA Langley Research Center are discussed.
Trease, Brian; Kota, Sridhar
We present a framework for the design of a compliant system; i.e. the concurrent design of a compliant mechanism with embedded actuators and embedded sensors. Our methods simultaneously synthesize optimal structural topology and placement of actuators and sensors for maximum energy efficiency and adaptive performance, while satisfying various weight and performance constraints. The goal of this research is to lay an algorithmic framework for distributed actuation and sensing within a compliant active structure. Key features of the methodology include (1) the simultaneous optimization of the location, orientation, and size of actuators concurrent with the compliant transmission topology and (2) the concepts of controllability and observability that arise from the consideration of control, and their implementation in compliant systems design. The methods used include genetic algorithms, graph searches for connectivity, and multiple load cases implemented with linear finite element analysis. Actuators, modeled as both force generators and structural compliant elements, are included as topology variables in the optimization. Results are provided for several studies, including: (1) concurrent actuator placement and topology design for a compliant amplifier and (2) a shape-morphing aircraft wing demonstration with three controlled output nodes. Central to this method is the concept of structural orthogonality, which refers to the unique system response for each actuator it contains. Finally, the results from the controllability problem are used to motivate and describe the analogous extension to observability for sensing.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — SSCI proposes to further develop, implement and test the damage-adaptive control algorithms developed in Phase I within the framework of an Integrated Damage...
Yau, H.-T. [Department of Electrical Engineering, Far-East College, No 49 Jung-Haw Road, Hsin-Shih Town, Tainan 744, Taiwan (China)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org; Chen, C.-L. [Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan (China)]. E-mail: email@example.com
This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode control scheme for Lorenz chaos subject to saturating input. The state of Lorenz system can be asymptotically driven to an equilibrium point in spite of the presence of input saturation and external disturbance using the proposed control scheme. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of its application to chaotic system control. It also shows that the settling time will be decreased, if the saturation bound of control input is relaxed.
Kosut, Robert L.
Adaptive systems under slow parameter adaption can be analyzed by the method of averaging. This provides a means to assess stability (and instability) properties of most adaptive systems, either continuous-time or (more importantly for practice) discrete-time, as well as providing an estimate of the region of attraction. Although the method of averaging is conceptually straightforward, even simple examples are well beyond hand calculations. Specific software tools are proposed which can provide the basis for user-friendly environment to perform the necessary computations involved in the averaging analysis.
V. M. Varatharaju
Full Text Available Problem statement: The tuning methodology for the parameters of adaptive speed controller causes a transient deviation of the response from the set reference following variation in load torque in a permanent-magnet brushless DC (BLDC motor drive system. Approach: This study develops a mathematical model of the BLDC drive system, firstly. Secondly, discusses a design of the closed loop drive system employing the Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS. The nonlinear simulation model of the BLDC motors drive system with ANFIS control based is simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. Results: The necessitated data for training the ANFIS control is generated by simulation of the system with conventional PI controller. Conclusion: The simulated electromagnetic torque and rotor speed signify the superiority of the proposed technique over the classical method.
GAO Tong-yue; RAO Jin-jun; GONG Zhen-bang; LUO Jun
Since small unmanned helicopter flight attitude control process has strong time-varying characteristics and there are random disturbances, the conventional control methods with unchanged parameters are often unworkable. An on-line adaptive fuzzy control system (AFCS) was designed, in a way that does not depend on a process model of the plant or its approximation in the form of a Jacobian matrix. Neither is it necessary to know the desired response at each instant of time. AFCS implement a simultaneous on-line tuning of fuzzy rules and output scale of fuzzy control system. The two cascade controller design with an inner (attitude controller) and outer controller (navigation controller) of the small unmanned helicopter was proposed. At last, an attitude controller based on AFCS was implemented. The flight experiment showed that the proposed fuzzy logic controller provides quicker response, smaller overshoot, higher precision, robustness and adaptive ability. It satisfies the needs of autonomous flight.
Full Text Available Nonlinear characteristics of wind turbines and electric generators necessitate complicated and nonlinear control of grid connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS. This paper proposes a modified self-tuning PID control strategy, using reinforcement learning for WECS control. The controller employs Actor-Critic learning in order to tune PID parameters adaptively. These Actor-Critic learning is a special kind of reinforcement learning that uses a single wavelet neural network to approximate the policy function of the Actor and the value function of the Critic simultaneously. These controllers are used to control a typical WECS in noiseless and noisy condition and results are compared with an adaptive Radial Basis Function (RBF PID control based on reinforcement learning and conventional PID control. Practical emulated results prove the capability and the robustness of the suggested controller versus the other PID controllers to control of the WECS. The ability of presented controller is tested by experimental setup.
The paper describes the design considerations and implementational aspects of the Adaptive Blockset for Simulink which has been developed in a prototype implementation. The concept behind the Adaptive Blockset for Simulink is to bridge the gap between simulation and prototype controller...... implementation. This is done using the code generation capabilities of Real Time Workshop in combination with C s-function blocks for adaptive control in Simulink. In the paper the design of each group of blocks normally found in adaptive controllers is outlined. The block types are, identification, controller...
Adaptation in the Presence of Input Constraints, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , 2003. J7. E. Lavretsky, N. Hovakimyan, Positive p...Dynamics Using Delayed Outputs and Feedforward Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , vol. 48 (9), pp.1606-1610, 2003. J14. N. Hovakimyan
Full Text Available Controlling chaos is stabilizing one of the unstable periodic orbits either to its equilibrium point or to a stable periodic orbit by means of an appropriate continuous signal injected to the system. On the other hand, chaos synchronization refers to a procedure where two chaotic oscillators (either identical or nonidentical adjust a given property of their motion to a common behavior. This research paper concerns itself with the Adaptive Control and Synchronization of a new chaotic system with unknown parameters. Based on the Lyapunov Direct Method, the Adaptive Control Techniques are designed in such a way that the trajectory of the new chaotic system is globally stabilized to one of its equilibrium points of the uncontrolled system. Moreover, the Adaptive Control Law is also applied to achieve the synchronization state of two identical systems and two different chaotic systems with fully unknown parameters. The parameters identification, chaos control and synchronization of the chaotic system have been carried out simultaneously by the Adaptive Controller. All simulation results are carried out to corroborate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed methodology and possible feasibility for synchronizing two chaotic systems by using mathematica 9.
Yassen, M.T. [Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516 (Egypt)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
This Letter presents the adaptive control and synchronization problems for uncertain new chaotic dynamical system (Liu system). Based on Lyapunov stability theory, adaptive control law is derived such that the trajectory of Liu system with unknown parameters is globally stabilized to each unstable equilibrium point of the uncontrolled system. In addition, an adaptive control approach is proposed to make the states of two identical Liu systems with unknown parameters asymptotically synchronized. Numerical simulations are shown to verify the results.
Xuan Phu Do
Full Text Available This paper presents a new direct adaptive fuzzy controller and its effectiveness is verified by investigating the damping force tracking control of magnetorheological (MR fluid based damper (MR damper in short system. In the formulation of the proposed controller, a model of interval type 2 fuzzy controller is combined with the direct adaptive control to achieve high performance in vibration control. In addition, H∞ (H infinity tracking technique is used in building a model of the direct adaptive fuzzy controller in which an enhanced iterative algorithm is combined with the fuzzy model. After establishing a closed-loop control structure to achieve high control performance, a cylindrical MR damper is adopted and damping force tracking results are obtained and discussed. In addition, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, two existing controllers are modified and tested for comparative work. It has been demonstrated from simulation and experiment that the proposed control scheme provides much better control performance in terms of damping force tracking error. This leads to excellent vibration control performance of the semiactive MR damper system associated with the proposed controller.
Nasirian, Vahidreza; Davoudi, Ali; Lewis, Frank
A distributed-adaptive droop mechanism is proposed for secondary/primary control of dc Microgrids. The conventional secondary control, that adjusts the voltage set point for the local droop mechanism, is replaced by a voltage regulator. A current regulator is then added to fine-tune the droop...... controller precisely accounts for the transmission/distribution line impedances. The controller on each converter exchanges data with only its neighbor converters on a sparse communication graph spanned across the Microgrid. Global dynamic model of the Microgrid is derived, with the proposed controller...
Bieniawski, Stefan; Wolpert, David H.
Product Distribution (PO) theory was recently developed as a broad framework for analyzing and optimizing distributed systems. Here we demonstrate its use for adaptive distributed control of Multi-Agent Systems (MASS), i.e., for distributed stochastic optimization using MAS s. First we review one motivation of PD theory, as the information-theoretic extension of conventional full-rationality game theory to the case of bounded rational agents. In this extension the equilibrium of the game is the optimizer of a Lagrangian of the (Probability dist&&on on the joint state of the agents. When the game in question is a team game with constraints, that equilibrium optimizes the expected value of the team game utility, subject to those constraints. One common way to find that equilibrium is to have each agent run a Reinforcement Learning (E) algorithm. PD theory reveals this to be a particular type of search algorithm for minimizing the Lagrangian. Typically that algorithm i s quite inefficient. A more principled alternative is to use a variant of Newton's method to minimize the Lagrangian. Here we compare this alternative to RL-based search in three sets of computer experiments. These are the N Queen s problem and bin-packing problem from the optimization literature, and the Bar problem from the distributed RL literature. Our results confirm that the PD-theory-based approach outperforms the RL-based scheme in all three domains.
Full Text Available The Letter proposes an online tuned adaptive inverse position control algorithm for a micro-hand. First, the configuration of the micro-hand is discussed. Next, a kinematic analysis of the micro-hand is investigated and then the relationship between the rotor position of micro-permanent magnet synchronous motor and the tip of the micro-finger is derived. After that, an online tuned adaptive inverse control algorithm, which includes an adaptive inverse model and an adaptive inverse control, is designed. The online tuned adaptive inverse control algorithm has better performance than the proportional–integral control algorithm does. In addition, to avoid damaging the object during the grasping process, an online force control algorithm is proposed here as well. An embedded micro-computer, cRIO-9024, is used to realise the whole position control algorithm and the force control algorithm by using software. As a result, the hardware circuit is very simple. Experimental results show that the proposed system can provide fast transient responses, good load disturbance responses, good tracking responses and satisfactory grasping responses.
Nasirian, Vahidreza; Davoudi, Ali; Lewis, Frank
Summary form only given: A distributed-adaptive droop mechanism is proposed for secondary/primary control of dc microgrids. The conventional secondary control that adjusts the voltage set point for the local droop mechanism is replaced by a voltage regulator. A current regulator is also added...... sharing. The proposed controller precisely accounts for the transmission/distribution line impedances. The controller on each converter exchanges data with only its neighbor converters on a sparse communication graph spanned across the microgrid. Global dynamic model of the microgrid is derived...
Martín-Sánchez, Juan M
This book is a didactic explanation of the developments of predictive, adaptive predictive and optimized adaptive control, including the latest methodology of adaptive predictive expert (ADEX) control, and their practical applications. It is focused on the stability perspective, used in the introduction of these methodologies, and is divided into six parts, with exercises and real-time simulations provided for the reader as appropriate. ADEX Optimized Adaptive Controllers and Systems begins with the conceptual and intuitive knowledge of the technology and derives the stability conditions to be verified by the driver block and the adaptive mechanism of the optimized adaptive controller to guarantee achievement of desired control performance. The second and third parts are centered on the design of the driver block and adaptive mechanism, which verify these stability conditions. The authors then proceed to detail the stability theory that supports predictive, adaptive predictive and optimized adaptive control m...
FENG Ling-ling; ZHANG Wei
This paper proposes an indirect adaptive neural control scheme for a class of nonlinear systems with time delays. Based on the backstepping technique and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method are combined to construct the indirect adaptive neural controller. The proposed indirect adaptive neural controller guarantees that the state variables converge to a small neighborhood of the origin and all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded. Finally, an example is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Full Text Available The main purpose of this paper is to develop an onboard adaptive and robust flight control system that improves control, stability, and survivability of a small unmanned aerial system in off-nominal or out-of-envelope conditions. The aerodynamics of aircraft associated with hazardous and adverse onboard conditions is inherently nonlinear and unsteady. The presented flight control system improves functionalities required to adapt the flight control in the presence of aircraft model uncertainties. The fault tolerant inner loop is enhanced by an adaptive real-time artificial neural network parameter identification to monitor important changes in the aircraft’s dynamics due to nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamics. The real-time artificial neural network parameter identification is done using the sliding mode learning concept and a modified version of the self-adaptive Levenberg algorithm. Numerically estimated stability and control derivatives are obtained by delta-based methods. New nonlinear guidance logic, stable in Lyapunov sense, is developed to guide the aircraft. The designed flight control system has better performance compared to a commercial off-the-shelf autopilot system in guiding and controlling an unmanned air system during a trajectory following.
Bakri, F. A.; Mashor, M. Y.; Sharun, S. M.; Bibi Sarpinah, S. N.; Abu Bakar, Z.
This study proposes an adaptive fuzzy controller for attitude control system (ACS) of Innovative Satellite (InnoSAT) based on direct action type structure. In order to study new methods used in satellite attitude control, this paper presents three structures of controllers: Fuzzy PI, Fuzzy PD and conventional Fuzzy PID. The objective of this work is to compare the time response and tracking performance among the three different structures of controllers. The parameters of controller were tuned on-line by adjustment mechanism, which was an approach similar to a PID error that could minimize errors between actual and model reference output. This paper also presents a Model References Adaptive Control (MRAC) as a control scheme to control time varying systems where the performance specifications were given in terms of the reference model. All the controllers were tested using InnoSAT system under some operating conditions such as disturbance, varying gain, measurement noise and time delay. In conclusion, among all considered DA-type structures, AFPID controller was observed as the best structure since it outperformed other controllers in most conditions.
Bisgaard, Morten; la Cour-Harbo, Anders; Bendtsen, Jan Dimon
This paper presents design and verification of an estimation and control system for a helicopter slung load system. The estimator provides position and velocity estimates of the slung load and is designed to augment existing navigation in autonomous helicopters. Sensor input is provided by a vision...... system on the helicopter that measures the position of the slung load. The controller is a combined feedforward and feedback scheme for simultaneous avoidance of swing excitation and active swing damping. Simulations and laboratory flight tests show the effectiveness of the combined control system......, yielding significant load swing reduction compared to the baseline controller....
Ke, Liu; Tokar, R.; Mcvey, B.
In this study, an integrated neural network control architecture for nonlinear dynamic systems is presented. Most of the recent emphasis in the neural network control field has no error feedback as the control input which rises the adaptation problem. The integrated architecture in this paper combines feed forward control and error feedback adaptive control using neural networks. The paper reveals the different internal functionality of these two kinds of neural network controllers for certain input styles, e.g., state feedback and error feedback. Feed forward neural network controllers with state feedback establish fixed control mappings which can not adapt when model uncertainties present. With error feedbacks, neural network controllers learn the slopes or the gains respecting to the error feedbacks, which are error driven adaptive control systems. The results demonstrate that the two kinds of control scheme can be combined to realize their individual advantages. Testing with disturbances added to the plant shows good tracking and adaptation.
Shen Liqun [Space Control and Inertia Technology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)], E-mail: email@example.com; Wang Mao [Space Control and Inertia Technology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)
This Letter presents an adaptive neural network control method for the chaos control problem. Based on a single layer neural network, the dynamic about the unstable fixed period point of the chaotic system can be adaptively identified without detailed information about the chaotic system. And the controlled chaotic system can be stabilized on the unstable fixed period orbit. Simulation results of Henon map and Lorenz system verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Yang, Cheng-Hsiung; Wu, Cheng-Lin
An adaptive control scheme is developed to study the generalized adaptive chaos synchronization with uncertain chaotic parameters behavior between two identical chaotic dynamic systems. This generalized adaptive chaos synchronization controller is designed based on Lyapunov stability theory and an analytic expression of the adaptive controller with its update laws of uncertain chaotic parameters is shown. The generalized adaptive synchronization with uncertain parameters between two identical new Lorenz-Stenflo systems is taken as three examples to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical simulations are shown to verify the results.
XiaoJing Wang; ChangFu Xian; CaoLei Wan; JinBao Zhao; LiWei Xiu; AnCai Yu
In order to consider the influence of the continuous rotary motor electro-hydraulic servo system parameters change on its performance, the design method of backstepping adaptive controller is put forward. The mathematical model of electro-hydraulic servo system of continuous rotary motor is established, and the whole system is decomposed into several lower order subsystems, and the virtual control signal is designed for each subsystem from the final subsystem with motor angular displacement to the subsystem with system control input voltage. Based on Lyapunov method and the backstepping theory, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed with the changed parameters adaptive law. It is proved that the system reaches the global asymptotic stability, and the system tracking error asymptotically tends to zero. The simulation results show that the backstepping adaptive controller based on the adaptive law of the changed parameters can improve the performance of continuous rotary motor, and the proposed control strategy is feasible.
This paper presents an improved observer-based indirect adaptive fuzzy control scheme for multiinput-multioutput (MIMO) nonlinear time-delay systems.The control scheme synthesizes adaptive fuzzy control with adaptive fuzzy identification.An observer is designed to observe the system state,and an identifier is developed to identify the unknown parts of the system.The update laws for parameters utilize two types of errors in the adaptive time-delay fuzzy logic systems,the observation error and the identificat...
MA; BING; QIAO; BO; YAN
The paper expatiated the work principle,general project,and the control part of the corresponding program of the temperature system in the gallstone dissolving instrument.Gallstone dissolving instrument adopts automatic control solvent cycle of direct solution stone treatment,replacing the traditional external shock wave rock row stone and gallblad-der surgery method.PID control system to realize the gall stone solvent temperature intelligent control,the basic principle of work is as solvent temperature below the set temperature,the relay control heater to solvent to be heated,conversely,no heating,achieve better able to dissolve the the rapeutic effect of gallstones.
descriptions were developed to describe the smart cooling system components. Henry et al. (2001) developed a simulation model of powertrain cooling...proposed control strategies have been verified by simulation and validated by experimental testing. In Section 2, the cooling system model is presented to...of energy transferred to the system is controlled by the main valve mounted on the heat exchanger. The mass flow rate of condensate is proportional
Presents a one-grade adaptive controller with one reference model which is built according to δ MRACS adaptive control theorv and used to control an actual high-order hydraulic system, and the whole hard ware system used, which includes a AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, 74Ls373 flip-latch, 6116 store, eight-bit ADC0809, and so on, and the satisfactory results obtained in study on hydraulic control system.
Full Text Available This paper considers the containment control problem for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems under directed graphs. The followers are governed by nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics while the multiple leaders are neighbors of a subset of the followers. Fuzzy logic systems (FLSs are used to identify the unknown dynamics and a distributed state feedback containment control protocol is proposed. This result is extended to the output feedback case, where observers are designed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Then, an output feedback containment control scheme is presented. The developed state feedback and output feedback containment controllers guarantee that the states of all followers converge to the convex hull spanned by the dynamic leaders. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the containment control errors are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB. An example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Li Ning; Yuan Hui-Qun; Sun Hai-Yi; Zhang Qing-Ling
In this paper,the stabilization of a continuous time-delayed system is considered.To control the bifurcation and chaos in a time-delayed system,a parameter perturbation control and a hybrid control are proposed.Then,to ensure the asymptotic stability of the system in the presence of unexpected system parameter changes,the adaptive control idea is introduced,i.e.,the perturbation control parameter and the hybrid control parameter are automatically tuned according to the adaptation laws,respectively.The adaptation algorithms are constructed based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theorem.The adaptive parameter perturbation control and the adaptive hybrid control methods improve the corresponding constant control methods.They have the advantages of increased stability,adaptability to the changes of the system parameters,control cost saving,and simplicity.Numerical simulations for a well-known chaotic time-delayed system are performed to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control methods.A comparison of the two adaptive control methods is also made in an experimental study.
Goodwin, Graham C
Preface1. Introduction to Adaptive TechniquesPart 1. Deterministic Systems2. Models for Deterministic Dynamical Systems3. Parameter Estimation for Deterministic Systems4. Deterministic Adaptive Prediction5. Control of Linear Deterministic Systems6. Adaptive Control of Linear Deterministic SystemsPart 2. Stochastic Systems7. Optimal Filtering and Prediction8. Parameter Estimation for Stochastic Dynamic Systems9. Adaptive Filtering and Prediction10. Control of Stochastic Systems11. Adaptive Control of Stochastic SystemsAppendicesA. A Brief Review of Some Results from Systems TheoryB. A Summary o
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — M4 Engineering proposes the development of an adaptive structural mode control system. The adaptive control system will begin from a "baseline" dynamic model of the...
Cao, Chengyu (Inventor); Hovakimyan, Naira (Inventor); Xargay, Enric (Inventor)
Systems and methods of adaptive control for uncertain nonlinear multi-input multi-output systems in the presence of significant unmatched uncertainty with assured performance are provided. The need for gain-scheduling is eliminated through the use of bandwidth-limited (low-pass) filtering in the control channel, which appropriately attenuates the high frequencies typically appearing in fast adaptation situations and preserves the robustness margins in the presence of fast adaptation.
We use the approach of "optimal" switching to design the adaptive control because the design among multiple models is intuitively more practically feasible than the traditional adaptive control in improving the performances. We prove that for a typical class of nonlinear systems disturbed by random noise, the multiple model adaptive switching control based on WLS(Weighted Least Squares) or projected-LS (Least Squares) is stable and convergent.
Full Text Available The beginning of the 21st century sees auto makers pursuing research in advanced features like collision warning and avoidance system into their product. Automotive cruise control system has been undergoing development in EU since the PROMETHEUS programme in the late 1980’s, and has currently metamorphous into Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC technology which is presently emerging in the automotive market as a convenience function intended to reduce driver workload. Adaptive cruise control is the first of the new generation of advanced driver’s assistance devices to reach the market, which partially automates the driver’s task and bringing the drivers comfort into perspective. It allows the host vehicle to maintain a set speed and distance from preceding vehicles by a forward object detection sensor. The forward object detection sensor is the focal point of the ACC system, which determines and regulates vehicle acceleration and deceleration through a powertrain torque control system and an automatic brake control system. This study presents overview of adaptive cruise control system, operation principles and the advantages of integrating ACC system in automobiles. Also, the system must be stable for optimum performance, and stability of a close loop system which the cruise system is an example, was determined by calculating the controller gain (K1, K2, K3 and substituting into the characteristic equations. The stability of a close loop system for the values of K1, K2 and K3 when substituted into the characteristic equation produced a negative real part. To achieve stability in close loop systems, all the poles must have negative real values and this is in line with the values obtain for p1, p2 and p3. From the pole zero plots of 1 = (-7 ± 7.14, 2 = (-7± 11.60 and 3 = (-0.08 and -13.91, stability of the system was achieved
Lequan Min; Jianyi Jing
Chaos synchronization has been applied in secure communication, chemical reaction, biological systems, and information processing. A new theorem to synchronization of unified chaotic systems via adaptive control is proposed. The consutructive theorem provides the design scheme for adaptive controller such that a respond system can synchronize with respect to an uncertain drive system. One example for discontinuous chaotic system is proposed to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility.
Ge, Shuzhi Sam; Hong, Fan; Lee, Tong Heng
In this paper, adaptive neural control is presented for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with unknown time delays. The proposed design method does not require a priori knowledge of the signs of the unknown virtual control coefficients. The unknown time delays are compensated for using appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals in the design. It is proved that the proposed backstepping design method is able to guarantee semiglobal uniformly ultimately boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop. In addition, the output of the system is proven to converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Cai Guo-Liang; Zheng Song; Tian Li-Xin
This paper is involved with the adaptive control and synchronization problems for an uncertain new hyperchaotic Lorenz system. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the adaptive control law is derived such that the trajectory of hyperchaotic Lorenz system with unknown parameters can be globally stabilized to an unstable equilibrium point of the uncontrolled system. Furthermore, an adaptive control approach is presented to the synchronizations between two identical hyperchaotic systems, particularly between two different uncertain hyperchaotic systems. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the presented method.
Active control is an effective method for synchronizing two identical chaotic systems. However, this method works only for a certain class of chaotic systems with known parameters. An improvement method was proposed in order to overcome this limitation in this paper. A classical example was used to demonstrate the method. Finally, numerical examples were given to validate the efficiency of the method.
Rotariu, I.; Steinbuch, M.; Ellenbroek, R.
Iterative learning control (ILC) is a very effective technique to reduce systematic errors that occur in systems that repetitively perform the same motion or operation. However, several characteristics have prevented standard ILC from being widely used for high precision motion systems. Most importa
Nadezhdin, Igor S.; Goryunov, Alexey G.; Manenti, Flavio
This paper proposes a hybrid fuzzy PID control logic, whose tuning parameters are provided in real time. The fuzzy controller tuning is made on the basis of Mamdani controller. In addition, this paper compares a fuzzy logic based PID with PID regulators whose tuning is performed by standard and well-known methods. In some cases the proposed tuning methodology ensures a control performance that is comparable to that guaranteed by simpler and more common tuning methods. However, in case of dynamic changes in the parameters of the controlled system, conventionally tuned PID controllers do not show to be robust enough, thus suggesting that fuzzy logic based PIDs are definitively more reliable and effective.
Rekow, Andrew Karl Wilhelm
Great increases in agricultural productivity and profitability can be gained by increasing the navigational control accuracy of a farm tractor. To maximize accuracy in the presence of environmental uncertainties, a novel technique for on-line parameter identification has been developed. This method combines the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithms and is used to identify key parameters which describe the dynamics of a farm tractor. This algorithm provides a 15:1 improvement in computational efficiency over the traditional EKF, while offering comparable convergence rates and noise rejection properties. Experimental data on a full-sized John Deere tractor shows a 25 percent improvement in lateral accuracy when using then adaptive controller versus a fixed controller over identical trajectories. In addition to parameter identification, farmers require formation driving capability for routine operations. Multiple farm vehicles work cooperatively together to accomplish a common goal. Several formation driving algorithms were developed for these varying requirements. An experimental implementation of a fully autonomous farm vehicle following a human operated lead vehicle demonstrated an accuracy of 10 centimeters in the in-track direction and 10 centimeters in the cross track direction.
Bekiaris-Liberis, N.K.; Paraskevopoulos, P.N. [National Technical Univ. of Athens Zographou, Athens (Greece); Boglou, A.K. [Technology Education Inst. of Kavala Agios Loukas, Kavala (Greece); Arvanitis, K.G.; Pasgianos, G.D. [Agricultural Univ. of Athens, Athens (Greece)
This paper reported on a study that investigated the control of power systems consisting of interconnected networks of transmission lines linking generators and loads. Improving both small and large perturbation stability and dynamic performance is important because power systems have become less stable in the past 15 years due to the use of controllers that have been designed on the basis of linearized synchronous generators and turbine models. The high nonlinear nature of power system models and the resulting disturbances render conventional linear controller design techniques obsolete for use in power systems control. Power system engineers are becoming aware of the role of turbine steam valves in improving the dynamic stability of power systems and damping low frequency oscillations. Advanced nonlinear control strategies are needed since the conventional steam valve control theory cannot guarantee transient stability in cases where operational conditions and parameters vary considerably. A design approach to a nonlinear adaptive control system with unknown parameters was developed and applied to the turbine main steam valve control of a power system. A fourth order machine model was used along with an adaptive backstepping method to construct the Lyapunov function in order to obtain a nonlinear adaptive controller to solve the turbine fast valving nonlinear control problem. The newly designed nonlinear adaptive controller can make the resulting adaptive system asymptotically stable. The proposed controller is accompanied by a dynamic estimator of parameters and includes nonlinear damping terms, which guarantee input-output stability even without the use of the adaptive law. Simulation results showed that the proposed nonlinear adaptive controller performs better than other turbine main steam valve control techniques. It can face large parametric uncertainty and results in a closed-loop system that is able to face large and smaller disturbances, providing a
The paper presents an analytical and simulation approach for the selection of activation functions for the class of neural network controllers for ship’s thermogenerator angular velocity stabilization system. Such systems can be found in many ships. A Lyapunov-like stability analysis is performed in order to obtain a weight update law. A number of simulations were performed to find the best activation function using integral error criteria and statistical T-tests.
Although various adaptive control techniques have been around for a long time and in spite of successful proofs of stability and even successful demonstrations of performance, the eventual use of adaptive control methodologies in practical real world systems has met a rather strong resistance from practitioners and has remained limited. Apparently, it is difficult to guarantee or even understand the conditions that can guarantee stable operations of adaptive control systems under realistic operational environments. Besides, it is difficult to measure the robustness of adaptive control system stability and allow it to be compared with the common and widely used measure of phase margin and gain margin that is utilized by present, mainly LTI, controllers. Furthermore, customary stability analysis methods seem to imply that the mere stability of adaptive systems may be adversely affected by any tiny deviation from the pretty idealistic and assumably required stability conditions. This paper first revisits the fundamental qualities of customary direct adaptive control methodologies, in particular the classical Model Reference Adaptive Control, and shows that some of their basic drawbacks have been addressed and eliminated within the so-called Simple Adaptive Control methodology. Moreover, recent developments in the stability analysis methods of nonlinear systems show that prior conditions that were customarily assumed to be needed for stability are only apparent and can be eliminated. As a result, sufficient conditions that guarantee stability are clearly stated and lead to similarly clear proofs of stability. As many real-world applications show, once robust stability of the adaptive systems can be guaranteed, the added value of using Add-On Adaptive Control along with classical Control design techniques is pushing the desired performance beyond any previous limits.
Barkana, Itzhak, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org [BARKANA Consulting, Ramat Hasharon (Israel)
Although various adaptive control techniques have been around for a long time and in spite of successful proofs of stability and even successful demonstrations of performance, the eventual use of adaptive control methodologies in practical real world systems has met a rather strong resistance from practitioners and has remained limited. Apparently, it is difficult to guarantee or even understand the conditions that can guarantee stable operations of adaptive control systems under realistic operational environments. Besides, it is difficult to measure the robustness of adaptive control system stability and allow it to be compared with the common and widely used measure of phase margin and gain margin that is utilized by present, mainly LTI, controllers. Furthermore, customary stability analysis methods seem to imply that the mere stability of adaptive systems may be adversely affected by any tiny deviation from the pretty idealistic and assumably required stability conditions. This paper first revisits the fundamental qualities of customary direct adaptive control methodologies, in particular the classical Model Reference Adaptive Control, and shows that some of their basic drawbacks have been addressed and eliminated within the so-called Simple Adaptive Control methodology. Moreover, recent developments in the stability analysis methods of nonlinear systems show that prior conditions that were customarily assumed to be needed for stability are only apparent and can be eliminated. As a result, sufficient conditions that guarantee stability are clearly stated and lead to similarly clear proofs of stability. As many real-world applications show, once robust stability of the adaptive systems can be guaranteed, the added value of using Add-On Adaptive Control along with classical Control design techniques is pushing the desired performance beyond any previous limits.
This paper attempts to study a optimal adaptive con tr ol problem using game theory, and proposes an important practical result that an adaptive processes is a set of sufficient conditions under which pure strategy is essentially complete, and thus the fact that yield a very useful desirable pu re optimal control rule.Optimal Adaptive Control of a Class of Stochastic Systems Using Game Theory
Wei GUAN; Guanghong YANG
This paper studies the problem of designing adaptive fault-tolerant H-infinity controllers for linear timeinvariant systems with actuator saturation. The disturbance tolerance ability of the closed-loop system is measured by an optimal index. The notion of an adaptive H-infinity performance index is proposed to describe the disturbance attenuation performances of closed-loop systems. New methods for designing indirect adaptive fault-tolerant controllers via state feedback are presented for actuator fault compensations. Based on the on-line estimation of eventual faults, the adaptive fault-tolerant controller parameters are updated automatically to compensate for the fault effects on systems. The designs are developed in the framework of the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, which can guarantee the disturbance tolerance ability and adaptive H-infinity performances of closed-loop systems in the cases of actuator saturation and actuator failures. An example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the design method.
Dalia Kass Hanna
Full Text Available This paper presents a newly developed approach for Differential Drive Mobile Robot (DDMR. The main goal is to provide a high dynamic system response in the joint space level, the low level control, as well as to enhance the DDMR localization. The proposed approach depends on a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR for the low level control and an Adaptive LQR for the high level control. The investigated DDMR is considered highly nonlinear system due to uncertainty exhibited by the mobile robot incorporated with actuators nonlinearity. DDMR’s uncertainty leads to erroneous localization. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF -based approach with fusion sensors is used to enhance the robot degree of belief for its posture. Intensive simulation results obtained from the developed uncertain model and the proposed approach have shown very good dynamic performance on the low level control and very good convergence to the desired posture of the mobile robot path with the presence of robot uncertainty.
Li, Shi-ping; Yu, Yan; Jiao, Zhen-gang; Gu, Shu-sheng
Direct Torque Control technology is a high-performance communication control method, it uses the space voltage vector method, and then to the inverter switch state control, to obtain high torque dynamic performance. But none of the switching states is able to generate the exact voltage vector to produce the desired changes in torque and flux in most of the switching instances. This causes a high ripple in torque. To solve this problem, a fuzzy implementation of Direct Torque Control of Induction machine is presented here. Error of stator flux, error of motor electromagnetic torque and position of angle of flux are taken as fuzzy variables. In order to further solve nonlinear problem of variation parameters in direct torque control system, the paper proposes a fuzzy parameter PID adaptive control method which is suitable for the direct torque control of an asynchronous motor. The generation of its fuzzy control is obtained by analyzing and optimizing PID control step response and combining expert's experience. For this reason, it carries out fuzzy work to PID regulator of motor speed to achieve to regulate PID parameters. Therefore the control system gets swifter response velocity, stronger robustness and higher precision of velocity control. The computer simulated results verify the validity of this novel method.
Gao, Hui; Song, Yongduan; Wen, Changyun
In this paper, an adaptive controller is developed for a class of multi-input and multioutput nonlinear systems with neural networks (NNs) used as a modeling tool. It is shown that all the signals in the closed-loop system with the proposed adaptive neural controller are globally uniformly bounded for any external input in L[₀,∞]. In our control design, the upper bound of the NN modeling error and the gains of external disturbance are characterized by unknown upper bounds, which is more rational to establish the stability in the adaptive NN control. Filter-based modification terms are used in the update laws of unknown parameters to improve the transient performance. Finally, fault-tolerant control is developed to accommodate actuator failure. An illustrative example applying the adaptive controller to control a rigid robot arm shows the validation of the proposed controller.
Qing ZHU; Shumin FEI; Tao Li; Tianping ZHANG
In this paper,a robust adaptive control scheme is proposed for the stabilization of uncertain linear systems with discrete and distributed delays and bounded peturbaturbations.The uncertainty is assumed to be an unknown continuous function with norm-bounded restriction.The perturbation is sector-bounded.Combining with the liner matrix inequality method,neural networks and adaptive control,the control scheme ensures the exponential stability of the closed-loop system for any admissible uncertainty.
Patre, Parag; Joshi, Suresh M.
Decentralized adaptive control is considered for systems consisting of multiple interconnected subsystems. It is assumed that each subsystem s parameters are uncertain and the interconnection parameters are not known. In addition, mismatch can exist between each subsystem and its reference model. A strictly decentralized adaptive control scheme is developed, wherein each subsystem has access only to its own state but has the knowledge of all reference model states. The mismatch is estimated online for each subsystem and the mismatch estimates are used to adaptively modify the corresponding reference models. The adaptive control scheme is extended to the case with actuator failures in addition to mismatch.
JIA Li; GE Shu-zhi; QIU Ming-sen
An adaptive neuro-fuzzy control is investigated for a class of noa-affine nonlinear systems.To do so,rigorous description and quantification of the approximation error of the neuro-fuzzy controller are firstly discussed.Applying this result and Lyapunov stability theory,a novel updating algorithm to adapt the weights,centers,and widths of the neuro-fuzzy controller is presented.Consequently,the proposed design method is able to guaranteg the stability of the closed-loop system and the convergence of the tracking error.Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy control scheme.
Salsbury, T.I. [Johnson Controls Inc., Milwaukee (United States)
The paper proposes a new switching control law (pulse modulation adaptive controller, PMAC) that implements pulse-width-pulse-frequency modulation. Pulse durations are determined to maintain the amplitude of variation in the controlled variable at or below a user-defined level. In addition to providing quantifiable control performance, PMAC can reduce component wear by issuing fewer switches than conventional control schemes. The control law is developed around a first-order system characterization but incorporates an adaptive loop, which allows application to a wide range of non-first-order and also time-variant systems. Test results are presented from applying PMAC to both simulated and real HVAC systems. (author)
Full Text Available This paper presents the implementation of an adaptive supervisory sliding fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller (FCMAC in the speed sensorless vector control of an induction motor (IM drive system. The proposed adaptive supervisory sliding FCMAC comprised a supervisory controller, integral sliding surface, and an adaptive FCMAC. The integral sliding surface was employed to eliminate steady-state errors and enhance the responsiveness of the system. The adaptive FCMAC incorporated an FCMAC with a compensating controller to perform a desired control action. The proposed controller was derived using the Lyapunov approach, which guarantees learning-error convergence. The implementation of three intelligent control schemes—the adaptive supervisory sliding FCMAC, adaptive sliding FCMAC, and adaptive sliding CMAC—were experimentally investigated under various conditions in a realistic sensorless vector-controlled IM drive system. The root mean square error (RMSE was used as a performance index to evaluate the experimental results of each control scheme. The analysis results indicated that the proposed adaptive supervisory sliding FCMAC substantially improved the system performance compared with the other control schemes.
Chen, Ziting; Li, Zhijun; Chen, C L Philip
An adaptive neural control strategy for multiple input multiple output nonlinear systems with various constraints is presented in this paper. To deal with the nonsymmetric input nonlinearity and the constrained states, the proposed adaptive neural control is combined with the backstepping method, radial basis function neural network, barrier Lyapunov function (BLF), and disturbance observer. By ensuring the boundedness of the BLF of the closed-loop system, it is demonstrated that the output tracking is achieved with all states remaining in the constraint sets and the general assumption on nonsingularity of unknown control coefficient matrices has been eliminated. The constructed adaptive neural control has been rigorously proved that it can guarantee the semiglobally uniformly ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system. Finally, the simulation studies on a 2-DOF robotic manipulator system indicate that the designed adaptive control is effective.
Zhou, Qi; Shi, Peng; Tian, Yang; Wang, Mingyu
In this paper, an approximation-based adaptive tracking control approach is proposed for a class of multiinput multioutput nonlinear systems. Based on the method of neural network, a novel adaptive controller is designed via backstepping design process. Furthermore, by introducing Nussbaum function, the issue of unknown control directions is handled. In the backstepping design process, the dynamic surface control technique is employed to avoid differentiating certain nonlinear functions repeatedly. Moreover, in order to reduce the number of adaptation laws, we do not use the neural networks to directly approximate the unknown nonlinear functions but the desired control signals. Finally, we provide two examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Osama Abdel Hakeem Abdel Sattar
Full Text Available A stand-alone system is defined as an autonomous system that supplies electricity without being connected to the electric grid. Hybrid systems combined renewable energy source, that are never depleted (such solar (photovoltaic (PV, wind, hydroelectric, etc. , With other sources of energy, like Diesel. If these hybrid systems are optimally designed, they can be more cost effective and reliable than single systems. However, the design of hybrid systems is complex because of the uncertain renewable energy supplies, load demands and the non-linear characteristics of some components, so the design problem cannot be solved easily by classical optimisation methods. The use of heuristic techniques, such as the genetic algorithms, can give better results than classical methods. This paper presents to a hybrid system control algorithm and also dispatches strategy design in which wind is the primary energy resource with photovoltaic cells. The dimension of the design (max. load is 2000 kW and the sources is implemented as flow 1500 kw from wind, 500 kw from solar and diesel 2000 kw. The main task of the preposed algorithm is to take full advantage of the wind energy and solar energy when it is available and to minimize diesel fuel consumption.
Long, Lijun; Zhao, Jun
In this paper, the problem of adaptive neural output-feedback control is addressed for a class of multi-input multioutput (MIMO) switched uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control gains. Neural networks (NNs) are used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. In order to avoid the conservativeness caused by adoption of a common observer for all subsystems, an MIMO NN switched observer is designed to estimate unmeasurable states. A new switched observer-based adaptive neural control technique for the problem studied is then provided by exploiting the classical average dwell time (ADT) method and the backstepping method and the Nussbaum gain technique. It effectively handles the obstacle about the coexistence of multiple Nussbaum-type function terms, and improves the classical ADT method, since the exponential decline property of Lyapunov functions for individual subsystems is no longer satisfied. It is shown that the technique proposed is able to guarantee semiglobal uniformly ultimately boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system under a class of switching signals with ADT, and the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. The effectiveness of the approach proposed is illustrated by its application to a two inverted pendulum system.
Full Text Available Anti-synchronization of chaotic systems deals with the problem of asymptotically synchronizing the sum of states of a pair of chaotic systems called master and slave systems with the help of controllers attached to the slave system. When two chaotic systems are anti-synchronized, then their states are asymptotically equal in magnitude, but opposite in phase. Anti-synchronization of chaotic systems has applications in many engineering areas such as secure communications, secure data encryption, cryptosystems, etc. This paper announces a novel 3-D chaotic system and describes its qualitative properties. Next, this paper deals with the design of active and adaptive controllers for synchronizing the states of identical novel chaotic systems. Active controllers are used when the system parameters are available for measurement and the synchronization result is established using Lyapunov stability theory. Adaptive controllers are used when the system parameters are unknown. In this case, estimates are used in lieu of the unknown system parameters and adaptive controllers are designed using adaptive control theory and Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulations using MATLAB have been shown to demonstrate the proposed active and adaptive synchronization results for novel chaotic systems.
Wu, Zhizheng; Ben Amara, Foued
Modeling and Control of Magnetic Fluid Deformable Mirrors for Adaptive Optics Systems presents a novel design of wavefront correctors based on magnetic fluid deformable mirrors (MFDM) as well as corresponding control algorithms. The presented wavefront correctors are characterized by their linear, dynamic response. Various mirror surface shape control algorithms are presented along with experimental evaluations of the performance of the resulting adaptive optics systems. Adaptive optics (AO) systems are used in various fields of application to enhance the performance of optical systems, such as imaging, laser, free space optical communication systems, etc. This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, professors, engineers, scientists and researchers working on the design of adaptive optics systems and their various emerging fields of application. Zhizheng Wu is an associate professor at Shanghai University, China. Azhar Iqbal is a research associate at the University of Toronto, Canada. Foue...
Wei Du-Qu; Luo Xiao-Shu
With system parameters falling into a certain area, power system with excitation limits experiences complicated chaotic oscillations which threaten the secure and stable operation of power system. In this paper, to control these unwanted chaotic oscillations, a straightforward adaptive chaos controller based on Lyapunov asymptotical stability theory is designed. Since the presented controller does not need to change the controlled system structure and not to use any information of system except the system state variables, the designed controller is simple and desirable.Simulation results show that the proposed control law is very effective. This work is helpful to maintain the power system's security operation.
Waites, H. B.
A Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) is derived for a Shuttle payload called the Instrument Pointing System (IPS). The unique features of this MRAC design are that total state feedback is not required, that the internal structure of the model is independent of the internal structure of the IPS, and that the model input is of bounded variation and not required a priori. An application of Liapunov's stability theorems is used to synthesize a control signal which assures MRAC asymptotic stability. Exponential observers are used to obtain the necessary state information to implement the control synthesis. Results are presented which show how effectively the MRAC can maneuver the IPS.
Mizumoto, Ikuro; Nakamura, Takuto; Kumon, Makoto; Takagi, Taro [Dept. of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 (Japan)
The paper deals with an adaptive control system design problem for a four rotor helicopter or quadrotor. A simple adaptive control design scheme with a parallel feedforward compensator (PFC) in the internal loop of the considered quadrotor will be proposed based on the backstepping strategy. As is well known, the backstepping control strategy is one of the advanced control strategy for nonlinear systems. However, the control algorithm will become complex if the system has higher order relative degrees. We will show that one can skip some design steps of the backstepping method by introducing a PFC in the inner loop of the considered quadrotor, so that the structure of the obtained controller will be simplified and a high gain based adaptive feedback control system will be designed. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be confirmed through numerical simulations.
PU Xing-cheng; WANG Hai-ying
A parameter adaptive control approach was applied to a kind of financial chaotic systems. According to Lyapunov stability theorem, synchronization of two financial chaotic systems with different certain parameters or the same uncertain parameters were implemented through designing proper control functions and using parameters self-adaptive control principle. The sufficient synchronization conditions of the two financial systems were obtained. Under the situation of the same uncertain parameters, the synchronization system has simpler controller and better performance. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the method.
梅生伟; 金敏杰; 申铁龙
Generator excitation control plays an important role in improving the dynamic performance and stability of power systems. This paper is concerned with nonlinear decentralized adaptive excitation control for multi-machine power systems. Based on a recursive design method, an adaptive excitation control law with L2 disturbance attenuation is constructed. Furthermore, it is verified that the proposed control scheme possesses the property of decentralization and the robustness in the sense of L2-gain. As a consequence, transient stability of a multi-machine power system is guaranteed, regardless of system parameters variation and faults.
LI Yin; CHEN Yong; LI Biao
This study addresses the adaptive control and function projective synchronization problems between 2D Rulkov discrete-time system and Network discrete-time system.Based on backstepping design with three controllers, a systematic, concrete and automatic scheme is developed to investigate the function projective synchronization of discrete-time chaotic systems.In addition, the adaptive control function is applied to achieve the state synchronization of two discrete-time systems.Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Full Text Available Practical nonlinear systems can usually be represented by partly linearizable models with unknown nonlinearities and external disturbances. Based on this consideration, we propose a novel adaptive fuzzy robust control (AFRC algorithm for such systems. The AFRC effectively combines techniques of adaptive control and fuzzy control, and it improves the performance by retaining the advantages of both methods. The linearizable part will be linearly parameterized with unknown but constant parameters, and the discontinuous-projection-based adaptive control law is used to compensate these parts. The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate unknown nonlinearities. Robust control law ensures the robustness of closed-loop control system. A systematic design procedure of the AFRC algorithm by combining the backstepping technique and small-gain approach is presented. Then the closed-loop stability is studied by using small gain theorem, and the result indicates that the closed-loop system is semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded.
Ying ZHOU; Yuqiang WU; Shumin FEI
A new adaptive control scheme is proposed for multivariable model reference adaptive control(MRAC) systems based on the nonlinear backstepping approach with vector form.The assumption on a priori knowledge of the high frequency gain matrix in existing results is relaxed and the new required condition for the high frequency gain matrix can be easily checked for certain plants so that the proposed method is widely applicable.This control scheme guarantees the global stability of the closed-loop systems and the tracking error can be arbitrary small.The simulation result for an application example shows the validity of the proposed nonlinear adaptive scheme.
Ho, Daniel W C; Li, Junmin; Niu, Yugang
In this paper, an adaptive neural controller for a class of time-delay nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities is proposed. Based on a wavelet neural network (WNN) online approximation model, a state feedback adaptive controller is obtained by constructing a novel integral-type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, which also efficiently overcomes the controller singularity problem. It is shown that the proposed method guarantees the semiglobal boundedness of all signals in the adaptive closed-loop systems. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the approach.
Full Text Available This paper analyzes the structure principle of the actuator simulated loading system with variable stiffness, and establishes the simplified model. What’s more, it also does a research on the application of the self-adaptive tuning of fuzzy PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation in actuator simulated loading system with variable stiffness. Because the loading system is connected with the steering system by a spring rod, there must be strong coupling. Besides, there are also the parametric variations accompanying with the variations of the stiffness. Based on compensation from the feed-forward control on the disturbance brought by the motion of steering engine, the system performance can be improved by using fuzzy adaptive adjusting PID control to make up the changes of system parameter caused by the changes of the stiffness. By combining the fuzzy control with traditional PID control, fuzzy adaptive PID control is able to choose the parameters more properly.
This article studies the adaptive output feedback control problem of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown time delays. The systems considered are dominated by a triangular system without zero dynamics satisfying linear growth in the unmeasurable states. The novelty of this article is that a universal-type adaptive output feedback controller is presented to time-delay systems, which can globally regulate all the states of the uncertain systems without knowing the growth rate. An illustrative example is provided to show the applicability of the developed control strategy.
Full Text Available In the paper, original control system of adaptive antennas, which isbased on Kalman filter, is presented and compared with earlierapproaches to this problem. The designed control circuit eliminatessome disadvantages of the control circuits based on the classicalKalman neural network and the Wang one, and enables a real timeprocessing of quickly changing signals processed by adaptive antennas.Especially, the dependence of the convergence rate on ratio ofeigenvalues and the risk of instability are significantly reduced.
MU Xiao-wu; GUO Xiao-li; CHENG Gui-fang
It is concerned with the problem of disturbance attenuation with stability for uncertain nonlinear systems by adaptive output feedback. By a partial-state observer and Backstepping technique, an adaptive output feedback controller was constructed, which can solve the standard gain disturbance attenuation problem with internal stability.
Agerholm, Niels; Olesen, Anne Vingaard
Adaptive Traffic Control Systems (ATCS) are aimed at reducing congestion. ATCS adapt to approaching traffic to continuously optimise the traffic flows in question. ATCS have been implemented in many locations, including the Scandinavian countries, with various effects. Due to congestion problems...
Zhang, Huaguang; Cai, Lilong
This paper presents a new nonlinear adaptive tracking controller for a class of general time-variant nonlinear systems. The control system consists of an inner loop and an outer loop. The inner loop is a fuzzy sliding mode control that is used as the feedback controller to overcome random instant disturbances. The stability of the inner loop is designed by the sliding mode control method. The other loop is a Fourier integral-based control that is used as the feedforward controller to overcome the deterministic type of uncertain disturbance. The asymptotic convergence condition of the nonlinear adaptive control system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov direct method. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated by its application to composition control in a continuously stirred tank reactor system.
El Fadil, H.; Giri, F.; Guerrero, Josep M.
This paper deals with the problem of controlling energy generation systems including fuel cells (FCs) and interleaved boost power converters. The proposed nonlinear adaptive controller is designed using sliding mode control (SMC) technique based on the system nonlinear model. The latter accounts...... for the boost converter large-signal dynamics as well as for the fuel-cell nonlinear characteristics. The adaptive nonlinear controller involves online estimation of the DC bus impedance ‘seen’ by the converter. The control objective is threefold: (i) asymptotic stability of the closed loop system, (ii) output...... voltage regulation under bus impedance uncertainties and (iii) equal current sharing between modules. It is formally shown, using theoretical analysis and simulations, that the developed adaptive controller actually meets its control objectives....
Wang, Wei; Tong, Shaocheng
This paper studies the adaptive fuzzy bounded control problem for leader-follower multiagent systems, where each follower is modeled by the uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback system. Combining the fuzzy approximation with the dynamic surface control, an adaptive fuzzy control scheme is developed to guarantee the output consensus of all agents under directed communication topologies. Different from the existing results, the bounds of the control inputs are known as a priori, and they can be determined by the feedback control gains. To realize smooth and fast learning, a predictor is introduced to estimate each error surface, and the corresponding predictor error is employed to learn the optimal fuzzy parameter vector. It is proved that the developed adaptive fuzzy control scheme guarantees the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop systems, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. The simulation results and comparisons are provided to show the validity of the control strategy presented in this paper.
Khazaee, Mostafa; Markazi, Amir H D; Omidi, Ehsan
In this paper, a new Adaptive Fuzzy Predictive Sliding Mode Control (AFP-SMC) is presented for nonlinear systems with uncertain dynamics and unknown input delay. The control unit consists of a fuzzy inference system to approximate the ideal linearization control, together with a switching strategy to compensate for the estimation errors. Also, an adaptive fuzzy predictor is used to estimate the future values of the system states to compensate for the time delay. The adaptation laws are used to tune the controller and predictor parameters, which guarantee the stability based on a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. To evaluate the method effectiveness, the simulation and experiment on an overhead crane system are presented. According to the obtained results, AFP-SMC can effectively control the uncertain nonlinear systems, subject to input delays of known bound.
6 2.1.1 Single Layer Networks 8 Perceptrons 8 Samuel’s Checker Player 10 ADALINE and MADALINE 12 2.1.2 Multilayer Networks 13 Hebbian Learning 13...was Widrow’s ADALINE and MADALINE [Wid89]. He developed a type of adaptive filter which is still in widespread use today in such items as high speed...time step, and used it for pattern recognition. This "Adaptive Linear Neuron" ( ADALINE ) [Wid89] was then built in actual hardware, where weights were
Full Text Available To address the limitation of conventional adaptive algorithm used for active noise control (ANC system, this paper proposed and studied two adaptive algorithms based on Wavelet. The twos are applied to a noise control system including magnetorheological elastomers (MRE, which is a smart viscoelastic material characterized by a complex modulus dependent on vibration frequency and controllable by external magnetic fields. Simulation results reveal that the Decomposition LMS algorithm (D-LMS and Decomposition and Reconstruction LMS algorithm (DR-LMS based on Wavelet can significantly improve the noise reduction performance of MRE control system compared with traditional LMS algorithm.
Zhang Tianping; Mei Jiandong
The problem of direct adaptive neural network control for a class of large-scale systems with unknown function control gains and the high-order interconnections is studied in this paper. Based on the principle of sliding mode control and the approximation capability of multilayer neural networks, a design scheme of decentralized direct adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed. The plant dynamic uncertainty and modeling errors are adaptively compensated by adjusted the weights and sliding mode gains on-line for each subsystem using only local information. According to the Lyapunov method, the closed-loop adaptive control system is proven to be globally stable, with tracking errors converging to a neighborhood of zero. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Chen Weisheng; Li Junmin
For a class of unknown nonlinear time-delay systems, an adaptive neural network (NN) control design approach is proposed. Backstepping, domination and adaptive bounding design technique are combined to construct a robust memoryless adaptive NN tracking controller. Unknown time-delay functions are approximated by NNs, such that the requirement on the nonlinear time-delay functions is relaxed. Based on Lyapunov-Krasoviskii functional, the sem-global uniformly ultimately boundedness (UUB) of all the signals in the closed-loop system is proved. The arbitrary output tracking accuracy is achieved by tuning the design parameters. The feasibility is investigated by an illustrative simulation example.
A. H. Tahoun
Full Text Available The insertion of data network in the feedback adaptive control loops makes the analysis and design of networked control systems more complex than traditional control systems. This paper addresses the adaptive stabilization problem of linear time-invariant networked control systems when the measurements of the plant states are corrupted by bounded disturbances. The case of state feedback is treated in which only an upper bound on the norm of matrix A is needed. The problem is to find an upper bound on the transmission period h that guarantees the stability of the overall adaptive networked control system under an ideal transmission process, i.e. no transmission delay or packet dropout. Rigorous mathematical proofs are established, that relies heavily on Lyapunov's stability criterion and dead-zone Technique. Simulation results are given to illustrate the efficacy of our design approach.
Full Text Available The trajectory tracking of underactuated nonlinear system with two degrees of freedom is tackled by an adaptive fuzzy hierarchical sliding mode controller. The proposed control law solves the problem of coupling using a hierarchical structure of the sliding surfaces and chattering by adopting different reaching laws. The unknown system functions are approximated by fuzzy logic systems and free parameters can be updated online by adaptive laws based on Lyapunov theory. Two comparative studies are made in this paper. The first comparison is between three different expressions of reaching laws to compare their abilities to reduce the chattering phenomenon. The second comparison is made between the proposed adaptive fuzzy hierarchical sliding mode controller and two other control laws which keep the coupling in the underactuated system. The tracking performances of each control law are evaluated. Simulation examples including different amplitudes of external disturbances are made.
Zilletti, M.; Elliott, S. J.; Cheer, J.
This paper presents a study on the performance of adaptive control algorithms designed to reduce the vibration of mechanical systems excited by a harmonic disturbance. The mechanical system consists of a mass suspended on a spring and a damper. The system is equipped with a force actuator in parallel with the suspension. The control signal driving the actuator is generated by adjusting the amplitude and phase of a sinusoidal reference signal at the same frequency as the excitation. An adaptive feedforward control algorithm is used to adapt the amplitude and phase of the control signal, to minimise the mean square velocity of the mass. Two adaptation strategies are considered in which the control signal is either updated after each period of the oscillation or at every time sample. The first strategy is traditionally used in vibration control in helicopters for example; the second strategy is normally referred to as the filtered-x least mean square algorithm and is often used to control engine noise in cars. The two adaptation strategies are compared through a parametric study, which investigates the influence of the properties of both the mechanical system and the control system on the convergence speed of the two algorithms.
Chen, Bing; Lin, Chong; Liu, Xiaoping; Liu, Kefu
This paper focuses on the problem of fuzzy adaptive control for a class of multiinput and multioutput (MIMO) nonlinear systems in nonstrict-feedback form, which contains the strict-feedback form as a special case. By the condition of variable partition, a new fuzzy adaptive backstepping is proposed for such a class of nonlinear MIMO systems. The suggested fuzzy adaptive controller guarantees that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking errors eventually converge to a small neighborhood around the origin. The main advantage of this paper is that a control approach is systematically derived for nonlinear systems with strong interconnected terms which are the functions of all states of the whole system. Simulation results further illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
WANG Jun; XI Hong-sheng; JI Hai-bo; KANG Yu
A modular approach of the estimation-based design in adaptive linear control systems has been extended to the adaptive robust control of strict-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems with additive standard Wiener noises and constant unknown parameters.By using It(o)'s differentiation rule, nonlinear damping and adaptive Backstepping procedure,the input-to-state stable controller of global stabilization in probability is developed,which guarantees that system states are bounded and the system has a robust stabilization.According to Swapping technique,we develop two filters and convert dynamic parametric models into static ones to which the gradient update law is designed.Transient performance of the system is estimated by the norm of error.Results of simulation show the effectiveness of the control algorithms.The modular design,which has a concise hierarchy,is more flexible and versatile than a Lyapunov-based algorithm.
Full Text Available In this work we investigate the possibility of applying the adaptive control algorithm to Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS gyroscopes. Through comparing the gyroscope working conditions with the reference model, the adaptive control method can provide online estimation of the key parameters and the proper control strategy for the system. The digital second-order oscillators in the reference model are substituted for two phase locked loops (PLLs to achieve a more steady amplitude and frequency control. The adaptive law is modified to satisfy the condition of unequal coupling stiffness and coupling damping coefficient. The rotation mode of the gyroscope system is considered in our work and a rotation elimination section is added to the digitalized system. Before implementing the algorithm in the hardware platform, different simulations are conducted to ensure the algorithm can meet the requirement of the angular rate sensor, and some of the key adaptive law coefficients are optimized. The coupling components are detected and suppressed respectively and Lyapunov criterion is applied to prove the stability of the system. The modified adaptive control algorithm is verified in a set of digitalized gyroscope system, the control system is realized in digital domain, with the application of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA. Key structure parameters are measured and compared with the estimation results, which validated that the algorithm is feasible in the setup. Extra gyroscopes are used in repeated experiments to prove the commonality of the algorithm.
Xia, Dunzhu; Hu, Yiwei; Ni, Peizhen
In this work we investigate the possibility of applying the adaptive control algorithm to Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes. Through comparing the gyroscope working conditions with the reference model, the adaptive control method can provide online estimation of the key parameters and the proper control strategy for the system. The digital second-order oscillators in the reference model are substituted for two phase locked loops (PLLs) to achieve a more steady amplitude and frequency control. The adaptive law is modified to satisfy the condition of unequal coupling stiffness and coupling damping coefficient. The rotation mode of the gyroscope system is considered in our work and a rotation elimination section is added to the digitalized system. Before implementing the algorithm in the hardware platform, different simulations are conducted to ensure the algorithm can meet the requirement of the angular rate sensor, and some of the key adaptive law coefficients are optimized. The coupling components are detected and suppressed respectively and Lyapunov criterion is applied to prove the stability of the system. The modified adaptive control algorithm is verified in a set of digitalized gyroscope system, the control system is realized in digital domain, with the application of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Key structure parameters are measured and compared with the estimation results, which validated that the algorithm is feasible in the setup. Extra gyroscopes are used in repeated experiments to prove the commonality of the algorithm.
Chen, Tien-Chi; Yu, Chih-Hsien
A robust control method for synchronizing a biaxial servo system motion is proposed in this paper. A new network based cross-coupled control and adaptive tuning techniques are used together to cancel out the skew error. The conventional fixed gain PID cross-coupled controller (CCC) is replaced with the adaptive cross-coupled controller (ACCC) in the proposed control scheme to maintain biaxial servo system synchronization motion. Adaptive-tuning PID (APID) position and velocity controllers provide the necessary control actions to maintain synchronization while following a variable command trajectory. A delay-time compensator (DTC) with an adaptive controller was augmented to set the time delay element, effectively moving it outside the closed loop, enhancing the stability of the robust controlled system. This scheme provides strong robustness with respect to uncertain dynamics and disturbances. The simulation and experimental results reveal that the proposed control structure adapts to a wide range of operating conditions and provides promising results under parameter variations and load changes.
Dai, Shi-Lu; Wang, Cong; Wang, Min
This paper studies the problem of learning from adaptive neural network (NN) control of a class of nonaffine nonlinear systems in uncertain dynamic environments. In the control design process, a stable adaptive NN tracking control design technique is proposed for the nonaffine nonlinear systems with a mild assumption by combining a filtered tracking error with the implicit function theorem, input-to-state stability, and the small-gain theorem. The proposed stable control design technique not only overcomes the difficulty in controlling nonaffine nonlinear systems but also relaxes constraint conditions of the considered systems. In the learning process, the partial persistent excitation (PE) condition of radial basis function NNs is satisfied during tracking control to a recurrent reference trajectory. Under the PE condition and an appropriate state transformation, the proposed adaptive NN control is shown to be capable of acquiring knowledge on the implicit desired control input dynamics in the stable control process and of storing the learned knowledge in memory. Subsequently, an NN learning control design technique that effectively exploits the learned knowledge without re-adapting to the controller parameters is proposed to achieve closed-loop stability and improved control performance. Simulation studies are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design techniques.
Pilipenko, A. V.; Pilipenko, A. P.; Kanatnikov, N. V.
In this paper, the authors highlight the problem of replacing an old heavy industrial equipment, and offer the replacement of obsolete control systems on the modern adaptive control system, which takes into account changes in the hydraulic system of the press and compensates them with a corrective action. The proposed system can reduce a water hammer and thereby increase the durability of the hydraulic system and tools.
Full Text Available This paper proposes adaptive sliding mode control design for a class of fractional commensurate order chaotic systems. We firstly introduce a fractional integral sliding manifold for the nominal systems. Secondly we prove the stability of the corresponding fractional sliding dynamics. Then, by introducing a Lyapunov candidate function and using the Mittag-Leffler stability theory we derive the desired sliding control law. Furthermore, we prove that the proposed sliding manifold is also adapted for the fractional systems in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances. At last, we design a fractional adaptation law for the perturbed fractional systems. To verify the viability and efficiency of the proposed fractional controllers, numerical simulations of fractional Lorenz’s system and Chen’s system are presented.
We are engaged in solving two difficult problems in adaptive control of the large-scale time-variant aerospacesystem. One is parameter identification of time-variant continuous-time state-space model; the other is how to solvealgebraic Riccati equation(ARE) of large order efficiently. In our approach, two neural networks are employed toindependently solve both the system identification problem and the ARE associated with the optimal control problem.Thus the identification and the control computation are combined in closed-loop, adaptive, real-time control system . Theadvantage of this approach is that the neural networks converge to their solutions very quickly and simultaneously.
Wang, Min; Chen, Bing; Shi, Peng
This paper proposes a novel adaptive neural control scheme for a class of perturbed strict-feedback nonlinear time-delay systems with unknown virtual control coefficients. Based on the radial basis function neural network online approximation capability, an adaptive neural controller is presented by combining the backstepping approach and Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. The proposed controller guarantees the semiglobal boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system and contains minimal learning parameters. Finally, three simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed scheme.
Chaos synchronization of Chen chaotic system for parameters unknown is discussed in this paper using a scalar output. Using the concept of conditional Lyapunov exponents, the negativity of all Lyapunov exponents shows the synchronization of transmitter systems with receiver systems even though system parametes are not known to receiver systems.
Maity, Arnab; Hocht, Leonhard; Heise, Christian; Holzapfel, Florian
A new efficient adaptive optimal control approach is presented in this paper based on the indirect model reference adaptive control (MRAC) architecture for improvement of adaptation and tracking performance of the uncertain system. The system accounts here for both matched and unmatched unknown uncertainties that can act as plant as well as input effectiveness failures or damages. For adaptation of the unknown parameters of these uncertainties, the frequency selective learning approach is used. Its idea is to compute a filtered expression of the system uncertainty using multiple filters based on online instantaneous information, which is used for augmentation of the update law. It is capable of adjusting a sudden change in system dynamics without depending on high adaptation gains and can satisfy exponential parameter error convergence under certain conditions in the presence of structured matched and unmatched uncertainties as well. Additionally, the controller of the MRAC system is designed using a new optimal control method. This method is a new linear quadratic regulator-based optimal control formulation for both output regulation and command tracking problems. It provides a closed-form control solution. The proposed overall approach is applied in a control of lateral dynamics of an unmanned aircraft problem to show its effectiveness.
Zhang Ruo-Xun; Yang Shi-Ping
In this paper we investigate the synchronization of a class of three-dimensional fractional-order chaotic systems.Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and adaptive control technique,a single adaptive-feedback controller is developed to synchronize a class of fractional-order chaotic systems.The presented controller which only contains a single driving variable is simple both in design and in implementation.Numerical simulation and circuit experimental results for fractional-order chaotic system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Sun, Xifang; Chen, Weisheng; Wu, Jian
In this paper, we address the global generalised exponential stabilisation problem for a class of lower-triangular systems with multiple unknown directions. Instead of the well-known Nussbaum-gain adaptive rule, a Lyapunov-based adaptive logic switching rule is proposed to seek the correct control directions for such systems. The main advantage of the proposed controller is that it can guarantee the global generalised exponential stability of closed-loop systems. Simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the developed control approach.
Full Text Available In this paper, a direct adaptive control scheme for a class of nonlinear systems is proposed. The architecture employs a Gaussian radial basis function (RBF network to construct an adaptive controller. The parameters of the adaptive controller are adapted and changed according to a law derived using Lyapunov stability theory. The centres of the RBF network are adapted on line using the k-means algorithm. Asymptotic Lyapunov stability is established without the use of a supervisory (compensatory term in the control law and with the tracking errors converging to a neighbourhood of the origin. Finally, a simulation is provided to explore the feasibility of the proposed neuronal controller design method.
Joint power control has advantages of multi-user detection and power control; and it can combat the multi-access interference and the near-far problem. A novel adaptive joint power control algorithm with channel estimation in a CDMA cellular system was designed. Simulation results show that the algorithm can control the power not only quickly but also precisely with a time change. The method is useful for increasing system capacity.
Long, Lijun; Zhao, Jun
This paper investigates the problem of adaptive neural tracking control via output-feedback for a class of switched uncertain nonlinear systems without the measurements of the system states. The unknown control signals are approximated directly by neural networks. A novel adaptive neural control technique for the problem studied is set up by exploiting the average dwell time method and backstepping. A switched filter and different update laws are designed to reduce the conservativeness caused by adoption of a common observer and a common update law for all subsystems. The proposed controllers of subsystems guarantee that all closed-loop signals remain bounded under a class of switching signals with average dwell time, while the output tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. As an application of the proposed design method, adaptive output feedback neural tracking controllers for a mass-spring-damper system are constructed.
Chuntao LI; Yonghong TAN
An adaptive control scheme is presented for systems with unknown hysteresis. In order to handle the case where the hysteresis output is unmeasurale, a novel model is firstly developed to describe the characteristic of hysteresis. This model is motivated by Preisach model but implemented by using neural networks (NN). The main advantage is that it is easily used for controller design. Then, the adaptive controller based on the proposed model is presented for a class of SISO nonlinear systems preceded by unknown hysteresis, which is estimated by the proposed model. The laws for model updating and the control laws for the neural adaptive controller are derived from Lyapunov stability theorem, therefore the semi- global stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. At last, the simulation results are illustrated.
宋海涛; 张涛; 张国良
An extension of L1 adaptive control is proposed for the unmatched uncertain nonlinear system with the nonlinear reference system that defines the performance specifications. The control law adapts fast and tracks the reference system with the guaranteed robustness and transient performance in the presence of unmatched uncertainties. The interval analysis is used to build the quasi-linear parameter-varying model of unmatched nonlinear system, and the robust stability of the proposed controller is addressed by sum of squares programming. The transient performance analysis shows that within the limit of hardware a large adaption gain can improve the asymptotic tracking performance. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical findings of the proposed controller.
SHI Gang; YANG Shu-xing; JING Ya-xing; XU Yong
Based on Matlab/Simulink and Fuzzy Logic toolboxes, the altitude control system is designed and simulated. The validity of conventional PID control method and adaptive fuzzy PID control method is compared. It can be drawn out that the adaptive fuzzy PID control method is superior to the conventional PID in rising time and overshoot etc. The effectiveness of a fuzzy PID controller shows potential application in the future, especially in the presence of model uncertainty or changing dynamics and time-varying parameters.
Ahmad A.M. Faudzi
Full Text Available Problem statement: Communication and control are two main components in any Mechatronics system. They can be designed either by centralized or decentralized approach. Both approaches can be chosen based on application designed and specific requirements of the designer. In this study, decentralized or normally called distributed approach was selected to solved communication and control of a human adaptive mechanical system namely Intelligent Chair Tools (ICT. The ICT seating system is powered by thirty six intelligent pneumatic actuators to facilitate investigation of chair shapes from spring and damping effect of seating and backrest surface. Three studies are proposed from the sitting experiments namely chair shapes, chair spring and chair damping properties. Approach: PSoC microcontroller was selected based on its features of having configurable analog and digital blocks. Its flexible modules and programmable peripherals ease designer in designing the communication and control of ICT in improved and faster way. Three protocols of USB, SPI and I2C were used for the communication system of ICT using PSoC. Flow charts of each communication protocols algorithms were discussed. On the other hand, the control system used PSoCs ADC and counter modules to read inputs of pressure and encoder respectively. PWM module is used to control the valve and data communication was achieved using I2C module. Block diagram of unified control was discussed for further understandings of the control algorithms. Results: The PSoC specification, development design and experimental evaluation of ICT system are presented and discussed. Three studies of chair shapes, chair spring property and chair damping property from sitting experiment were shown. Conclusion/Recommendations: The PSoC microcontroller selection was discussed and application of its distributed communication and control was successfully applied to ICT. This distributed approach can be applied to other
An indirect adaptive fuzzy control scheme is developed for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems. In this method, two fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown functions, and the parameters of membership functions in fuzzy logic systems are adjusted according to adaptive laws for the purpose of controlling the plant to track a reference trajectory. It is proved that the scheme can not only guarantee the boundedness of the input and output of the closed-loop system, but also make the tracking error converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of this scheme.
Full Text Available In this paper, a nonlinear model-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a solenoid-valve system. The challenge is that solenoids and butterfly valves have uncertainties in multiple parameters in the nonlinear model; various kinds of physical appearance such as size and stroke, dynamic parameters including inertia, damping, and torque coefficients, and operational parameters especially, pipe diameters and flow velocities. These uncertainties are making the system not only difficult to adjust to the environment, but also further complicated to develop the appropriate control approach for meeting the system objectives. The main contribution of this research is the application of adaptive control theory and Lyapunov-type stability approach to design a controller for a dynamic model of the solenoid-valve system in the presence of those uncertainties. The control objectives such as set-point regulation, parameter compensation, and stability are supposed to be simultaneously accomplished. The error signals are first formulated based on the nonlinear dynamic models and then the control input is developed using the Lyapunov stability-type analysis to obtain the error bounded while overcoming the uncertainties. The parameter groups are updated by adaptation laws using a projection algorithm. Numerical simulation results are shown to demonstrate good performance of the proposed nonlinear model-based adaptive approach and to compare the performance of the same solenoid-valve system with a non-adaptive method as well.
Tong, Shaocheng; Sui, Shuai; Li, Yongming
In this paper, the problem of adaptive fuzzy output-feedback control is investigated for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems in strict-feedback form. The considered switched systems contain unknown nonlinearities, dead-zone, and immeasurable states. Fuzzy logic systems are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, a switched fuzzy state observer is designed and thus the immeasurable states are obtained by it. By applying the adaptive backstepping design principle and the average dwell time method, an adaptive fuzzy output-feedback tracking control approach is developed. It is proved that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all the variables in the closed-loop system are bounded under a class of switching signals with average dwell time, and also that the system output can track a given reference signal as closely as possible. The simulation results are given to check the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Hou, Yingxue; Tong, Shaocheng; Li, Yongming
This paper investigates the problem of fault-tolerant control (FTC) for a class of switched nonlinear systems. These systems are under arbitrary switchings and are subject to both lock-in-place and loss-of-effectiveness actuator faults. In the control design, fuzzy logic systems are used to identify the unknown switched nonlinear systems. Under the framework of the backstepping control design, FTC, fuzzy adaptive control and common Lyapunov function stability theory, an adaptive fuzzy control approach is developed. It is proved that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop switched system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and the tracking error remains an adjustable neighbourhood of the origin. Two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Large-scale power cuts in both North America and Europe emphasised the need to maintain an adequate supply of high-quality electricity. This book offers information on the relatively low-cost of doing so using self-regulating control mechanisms. It is of interest to the practising power/control engineer and to academics needing industrial inputs.
Shao-Cheng Tong; Yong-Ming Li
In this paper, a new fuzzy-neural adaptive control approach is developed for a class of single-input and single-output (SISO) nonlinear systems with unmeasured states. Using fuzzy neural networks to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, a fuzzy-neural adaptive observer is introduced for state estimation as well as system identification. Under the framework of the backstepping design, fuzzy-neural adaptive output feedback control is constructed rccursively. It is proven that the proposed fuzzy adaptive control approach guarantees the global boundedness property for all the signals, driving the tracking error to a small neighbordhood of the origin. Simulation example is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
HU Tingliang; ZHU Jihong; SUN Zengqi
In this paper we present a robust adaptive control for a class of uncertain continuous time multiple input multiple output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. Multiple multi-layer neural networks are employed to approximate the uncertainty of the nonlinear functions,and robustifying control terms are used to compensate for approximation errors.All parameter adaptive laws and robustifying control terms are derived based on Lyapunov stability analysis so that, under appropriate assumptions, semiglobal stability of the closed - loop system is guaranteed, and the tracking error asymptotically converges to zero. Simulations performed on a two-link robot manipulator illustrate the approach and its performance.
Tong, Shaocheng; Li, Yongming
This paper investigates a robust adaptive fuzzy control stabilization problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with arbitrary switching signals that use an observer-based output feedback scheme. The considered switched nonlinear systems possess the unstructured uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and without requiring the states being available for measurement. A state observer which is independent of switching signals is designed to solve the problem of unmeasured states. Fuzzy logic systems are used to identify unknown lumped nonlinear functions so that the problem of unstructured uncertainties can be solved. By combining adaptive backstepping design principle and small-gain approach, a novel robust adaptive fuzzy output feedback stabilization control approach is developed. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved via the common Lyapunov function theory and small-gain theorem. Finally, the simulation results are given to demonstrate the validity and performance of the proposed control strategy.
WANG Wenqing; HAN Chongzhao
A new method for designing decentralized adaptive robust controllers was proposed which focuses on a class of more general uncertain complex systems,using the concept of the partition of unity in differential geometry to deal with system uncertainties.In this method the uncertainty of the system to be controlled was normalized firstly,and then the partition of unity that was subordinated to an open covering of state variables compact set was constructed.Subsequently the approximation was realized by using its property that can approximate nonlinear continuous function with arbitrary precision,and then the decentralized adaptive robust controller of complex systems and adaptive laws of approximate parameter estimation were designed.Compared to existing methods,the proposed algorithm requires simpler assumed conditions and no complicated computations.Simulation result shows that the method is valid.
Lei Li; Zhizhong Mao
This paper considers the problem of adaptive con-trol for a class of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) nonlinear discrete-time systems based on input-output model with unknown interconnections between subsystems. Based on the Taylor ex-pand technology, an equivalent model in affine-like form is derived for the original nonaffine nonlinear system. Then a direct adap-tive neural network (NN) control er is implemented based on the affine-like model. By finding an orthogonal matrix to tune the NN weights, the closed-loop system is proven to be semiglobal y uni-formly ultimately bounded. The σ-modification technique is used to remove the requirement of persistence excitation during the adaptation. The control performance of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by suitably choosing the design parameters.
YAN Quan; LI Xing-yuan; WANG Lu; LIU Hong-chao; CHEN Shu-beng
Utilizing the feature of quick response of HVDC to improve the performance of AC/DC system has become the emphasis to be researched.This paper introduces firstly the principle of the robust adaptive control of nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics,then developed the robust adaptive additional control of HVDC with unmodeled dynamics of generator in order to improve stability of power system.The additional control of HVDC with unmodeled dynamics only uses the local signals and its design is simple,furthermore it can obviously improve the stability of power system in different operational conditions.Experimental results using the presented concepts obtained on single machine infinite bus model are also included.These results prove the efficiency of the control scheme.The design process of controller provided a new idea to design controller by use of simplified model.
Full Text Available A novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for a second-order system with unmodeled dynamics uncertainties and external disturbances. We need not achieve the knowledge for boundaries of uncertainties and external disturbances in advance. The adaptive control gains are obtained to estimate the uncertain parameters and external disturbances which are unknown but bounded. The closed loop system stability is ensured with robustness and adaptation by the Lyapunov stability theorem in finite time. An illustrative example of second-order nonlinear system with unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented scheme.
Rasmussen, Henrik; Larsen, Lars F. S.
In a refrigeration process heat is absorbed in an evaporator by evaporating a flow of liquid refrigerant at low pressure and temperature. Controlling the evaporator inlet valve and the compressor in such a way that a high degree of liquid filling in the evaporator is obtained at all compressor ca...
games that does not require finding solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations or solv- ing backward stochastic differential equations ...for stochastic partial differential equations with fractional Brownian motions having the Hurst parameter in the interval (1/2,1), which includes the...Linear exponential-quadratic control problems for stochastic partial differential equations are explicitly solved. Discrete time linear quadratic
Gjendemsjø, Anders Milde
The present dissertation consists of a collection of six papers preceded byan introduction. The papers investigate the design and performance analysis of communication systems operating over wireless fading channels.Wireless communication systems carry great expectations for future services. They are expected to give users both reliable high data rate transmission and the freedom of mobility. However, due to the limited available spectral resources and the random nature of the wireless channe...
Full Text Available This paper proposes an adaptive iterative learning control strategy integrated with saturation-based robust control for uncertain robot system in presence of modelling uncertainties, unknown parameter, and external disturbance under alignment condition. An important merit is that it achieves adaptive switching of gain matrix both in conventional PD-type feedforward control and robust adaptive control in the iteration domain simultaneously. The analysis of convergence of proposed control law is based on Lyapunov's direct method under alignment initial condition. Simulation results demonstrate the faster learning rate and better robust performance with proposed algorithm by comparing with other existing robust controllers. The actual experiment on three-DOF robot manipulator shows its better practical effectiveness.
Jin-Wei Liang; Hung-Yi Chen
Since the piezoelectrically actuated system has nonlinear and time-varying behavior, it is difficult to establish an accurate dynamic model for a model-based sensing and control design. Here, a model-free adaptive sliding controller is proposed to improve the small travel and hysteresis defects of piezoelectrically actuated systems. This sensing and control strategy employs the functional approximation technique (FAT) to establish the unknown function for eliminating the model-based requireme...
In this paper, the problem of robust control of nonlinear fractional-order systems in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbance is investigated. Fuzzy logic systems are used for estimating the unknown nonlinear functions. Based on the fractional Lyapunov direct method and some proposed Lemmas, an adaptive fuzzy controller is designed. The proposed method can guarantee all the signals in the closed-loop systems remain bounded and the tracking errors converge to an arbitrary small ...
Porter , J., Sokolsky, O., “A Study on Run Time Assurance for Complex Cyber Physical Systems,” AFRL Final Report, April, 2013. Cofer, D...degrees-of- freedom (sweep and chi). Each diamond represents a single wing configuration. Inspecting this plot, as sweep increases, the trim angle-of
Boutalis, Yiannis; Kottas, Theodore; Christodoulou, Manolis A
Presenting current trends in the development and applications of intelligent systems in engineering, this monograph focuses on recent research results in system identification and control. The recurrent neurofuzzy and the fuzzy cognitive network (FCN) models are presented. Both models are suitable for partially-known or unknown complex time-varying systems. Neurofuzzy Adaptive Control contains rigorous proofs of its statements which result in concrete conclusions for the selection of the design parameters of the algorithms presented. The neurofuzzy model combines concepts from fuzzy systems and recurrent high-order neural networks to produce powerful system approximations that are used for adaptive control. The FCN model stems from fuzzy cognitive maps and uses the notion of “concepts” and their causal relationships to capture the behavior of complex systems. The book shows how, with the benefit of proper training algorithms, these models are potent system emulators suitable for use in engineering s...
Jin, Liang-Ping; Li, Hong-Chan
In the sewage treatment system, the dissolved oxygen concentration control, due to its nonlinear, time-varying, large time delay and uncertainty, is difficult to establish the exact mathematical model. While the conventional PID controller only works with good linear not far from its operating point, it is difficult to realize the system control when the operating point far off. In order to solve the above problems, the paper proposed a method which combine fuzzy control with PID methods and designed a fuzzy adaptive PID controller based on S7-300 PLC .It employs fuzzy inference method to achieve the online tuning for PID parameters. The control algorithm by simulation and practical application show that the system has stronger robustness and better adaptability.
Full Text Available A systematic controller design and implementation for a matrix-converter-based induction motor drive system is proposed. A nonlinear adaptive backstepping controller is proposed to improve the speed and position responses of the induction motor system. By using the proposed adaptive backstepping controller, the system can track a time-varying speed command and a time-varying position command well. Moreover, the system has a good load disturbance rejection capability. The realization of the controller is very simple. All of the control loops, including the current loop, speed loop and position loop, are implemented by a digital signal processor. Several experimental results are given to validate the theoretical analysis.
Choux, Martin; Karimi, Hamid Reza; Hovland, Geir
converge to zero despite the uncertainties in the system according to the Barbalat lemma. The resulting controllers are able to take into account the interval uncertainties in Coulomb friction parameters and in the internal leakage parameters in the cylinders. Two adaptation laws are obtained by using......The complex dynamics that characterize hydraulic systems make it difficult for the control design to achieve prescribed goals in an efficient manner. In this paper, we present the design and analysis of a robust nonlinear controller for a nonlinear hydraulic-mechanical (NHM) system. The system...... consists of an electrohydraulic servo valve and two hydraulic cylinders. Specifically, by considering a part of the dynamics of the NHM system as a norm-bounded uncertainty, two adaptive controllers are developed based on the backstepping technique that ensure the tracking error signals asymptotically...
Rania A. Fahmy
Full Text Available The proportional-integral-derivative (PID is still the most common controller and stabilizer used in industry due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. In most of the real applications, the controlled system has parameters which slowly vary or are uncertain. Thus, PID gains must be adapted to cope with such changes. In this paper, adaptive PID (APID controller is proposed using the recursive least square (RLS algorithm. RLS algorithm is used to update the PID gains in real time (as system operates to force the actual system to behave like a desired reference model. Computer simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed APID controller on SISO stable and unstable systems considering the presence of changes in the systems parameters.
Do, Hoang Thinh; Ahn, Kyoung Kwan [University of Ulsan, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)
A secondary-controlled hydrostatic transmission system (SC-HST), which considered being an energy-saving system, can recuperate most of the lost vehicle kinetic energy in decelerating and braking time and it shows advantage in fuel economy improvement of vehicle. Almost secondary control units (SCU) in SC-HST inherently contain nonlinear characteristics such as dead-zone input. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain precise position or velocity control by conventional linear controllers. This problem limits the application of SC-HST in industry and mobile vehicle. This paper gives a description of SC-HST and proposes an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) for velocity control of SCU. Experiments were carried out in the condition of disturbance load by using both the proposed controller and PID controller for the comparison and evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The experimental results showed that the proposed controller was excellent from the standpoints of performance and stability for the velocity control of SC-HST.
Qi-yan TIAN; Jian-hua WEI; Jin-hui FANG‡; Kai GUO
This paper presents a velocity controller for the cutting system of a trench cutter (TC). The cutting velocity of a cutting system is affected by the unknown load characteristics of rock and soil. In addition, geological conditions vary with time. Due to the complex load characteristics of rock and soil, the cutting load torque of a cutter is related to the geological conditions and the feeding velocity of the cutter. Moreover, a cutter’s dynamic model is subjected to uncertainties with unknown effects on its function. In this study, to deal with the particular characteristics of a cutting system, a novel adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode control (AFISMC) is designed for controlling cutting velocity. The model combines the robust characteristics of an integral sliding mode controller with the adaptive adjusting characteristics of an adaptive fuzzy controller. The AFISMC cutting velocity con-troller is synthesized using the backstepping technique. The stability of the whole system including the fuzzy inference system, integral sliding mode controller, and the cutting system is proven using the Lyapunov theory. Experiments have been conducted on a TC test bench with the AFISMC under different operating conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AFISMC cutting velocity controller gives a superior and robust velocity tracking performance.
linearly on these parameters, research on adaptive robot control can now take full consideration of the nonlinear, time-varying and coupled robot dynamics . As...Khatib, J.J. Craig, and T. Lozano-Perez. The robotics review. MIT Press, 1989.  P. Khosla and T. Kanade. Parameter identification of robot dynamics . In...and W. Li. Applied nonlinear control. New Jersey: Printice Hall, 1991.  M.W. Spong and M. Vidyasagar. Robot dynamics and control. John Wiley
Chunling WEI; Yuqiang WU; Shumin FEI
This paper deals with the adaptive practical output maneuvering control problems for a class of nonlinear systems with uncontrollable unstable linearization.The objective is to design a smooth adaptive maneuvering controller to solve the geometric and dynamic tasks with an arbitrary small steady tracking error.The method of adding a power integrator and the robust recursive design technique are employed to force the system output to track a desired path and make the tracking speed to follow a desired speed along the path.An example is considered and simulation results are given.The proposed design procedure can be illustrated by the use of this example.
In this paper, control of uncertain fractional-order financial chaotic system with input saturation and external disturbance is investigated. The unknown part of the input saturation as well as the system’s unknown nonlinear function is approximated by a fuzzy logic system. To handle the fuzzy approximation error and the estimation error of the unknown upper bound of the external disturbance, fractional-order adaptation laws are constructed. Based on fractional Lyapunov stability theorem, an adaptive fuzzy controller is designed, and the asymptotical stability can be guaranteed. Finally, simulation studies are given to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method. PMID:27783648
Jiang Changsheng; Zhang Chunyu; Zhu Liang
A robust adaptive trajectory linearization control (RATLC) algorithm for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainty and disturbance based on the T-S fuzzy system is presented. The unknown disturbance and uncertainty are estimated by the T-S fuzzy system, and a robust adaptive control law is designed by the Lyapunov theory. Irrespective of whether the dimensions of the system and the rules of the fuzzy system are large or small, there is only one parameter adjusting on line. Uniformly ultimately boundedness of all signals of the composite closed-loop system are proved by theory analysis. Finally, a numerical example is studied based on the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the control scheme.
Ahmad, Israr, E-mail: email@example.com; Saaban, Azizan Bin, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org; Ibrahim, Adyda Binti, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Quantitative Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, UUM (Malaysia); Shahzad, Mohammad, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org [College of Applied Sciences Nizwa, Ministry of Higher Education, Sultanate of Oman (Oman)
This paper addresses a comparative computational study on the synchronization quality, cost and converging speed for two pairs of identical chaotic and hyperchaotic systems with unknown time-varying parameters. It is assumed that the unknown time-varying parameters are bounded. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and using the adaptive control method, a single proportional controller is proposed to achieve the goal of complete synchronizations. Accordingly, appropriate adaptive laws are designed to identify the unknown time-varying parameters. The designed control strategy is easy to implement in practice. Numerical simulations results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 848...852, July 1990.  T. I. Fossen, “Comments on “hamiltonian adaptive control of space- craft”,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , vol. 38, no. 4...control for a class of nonlinear multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , vol. 46, no. 9, pp.
Zongyao SUN; Yungang LIU
In this paper, a new approach is successfully addressed to design the state-feedback adaptive stabilizing control law for a class of high-order nonlinear systems in triangular form and with unknown and nonidentical control coefficients, whose stabilizing control has been investigated recently under the knowledge that the lower bounds of the control coefficients are exactly known. In the present paper,without any knowledge of the lower bounds of the control coefficients, based on the adaptive technique and appropriately choosing design parameters, we give the recursive design procedure of the stabilizing control law by utilizing the approach of adding a power integrator together with tuning functions. The state-feedback adaptive control law designed not only preserves the equilibrium at the origin, but also guarantees the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop states and the uniform boundedness of all the other closed-loop signals.
Full Text Available In order to retrain chaotic oscillation of marine power system which is excited by periodic electromagnetism perturbation, a novel command-filtered adaptive fuzzy neural network backstepping control method is designed. First, the mathematical model of marine power system is established based on the two parallel nonlinear model. Then, main results of command-filtered adaptive fuzzy neural network backstepping control law are given. And the Lyapunov stability theory is applied to prove that the system can remain closed-loop asymptotically stable with this controller. Finally, simulation results indicate that the designed controller can suppress chaotic oscillation with fast convergence speed that makes the system return to the equilibrium point quickly; meanwhile, the parameter which induces chaotic oscillation can also be discriminated.
Full Text Available An adaptive robust fault tolerant control approach is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown signs of high-frequency gain and unmeasured states. In the recursive design, neural networks are employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, K-filters are designed to estimate the unmeasured states, and a dynamical signal and Nussbaum gain functions are introduced to handle the unknown sign of the virtual control direction. By incorporating the switching function σ algorithm, the adaptive backstepping scheme developed in this paper does not require the real value of the actuator failure. It is mathematically proved that the proposed adaptive robust fault tolerant control approach can guarantee that all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded, and the output converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the simulation examples.
Korugan, Aybek; Gupta, Surendra M.
In this paper, we consider a hybrid manufacturing system with two discrete production lines. Here the output of either production line can satisfy the demand for the same type of product without any penalties. The interarrival times for demand occurrences and service completions are exponentially distributed i.i.d. variables. In order to control this type of manufacturing system we suggest a single stage pull type control mechanism with adaptive kanbans and state independent routing of the production information.
Full Text Available We propose a generic spatial domain control scheme for a class of nonlinear rotary systems of variable speeds and subject to spatially periodic disturbances. The nonlinear model of the rotary system in time domain is transformed into one in spatial domain employing a coordinate transformation with respect to angular displacement. Under the circumstances that measurement of the system states is not available, a nonlinear state observer is established for providing the estimated states. A two-degree-of-freedom spatial domain control configuration is then proposed to stabilize the system and improve the tracking performance. The first control module applies adaptive backstepping with projected parametric update and concentrates on robust stabilization of the closed-loop system. The second control module introduces an internal model of the periodic disturbances cascaded with a loop-shaping filter, which not only further reduces the tracking error but also improves parametric adaptation. The overall spatial domain output feedback adaptive control system is robust to model uncertainties and state estimated error and capable of rejecting spatially periodic disturbances under varying system speeds. Stability proof of the overall system is given. A design example with simulation demonstrates the applicability of the proposed design.
Full Text Available This paper considers an adaptive neural control for a class of outputs time-delay nonlinear systems with perturbed or no. Based on RBF neural networks, the radius basis function (RBF neural networks is employed to estimate the unknown continuous functions. The proposed control guarantees that all closed-loop signals remain bounded. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
For electro-discharge machining, only in the optimum state could the highest material removal rate be realized. In practical machining process, the timely elevation of the tool electrode is needed to eliminate chipping, which ordinarily occupies quite a lot of time. Therefore, besides the control of the machining parameters, the control of the optimum discharge gap and the conversion of different machining states is also needed. In this paper, the adaptive fuzzy control system of servomechanism for EDM co...
Abdul Kareem; Mohammad Fazle Azeem
This paper presents a novel fuzzy logic based Adaptive Super-twisting Sliding Mode Controller for the control of dynamic uncertain systems. The proposed controller combines the advantages of Second order Sliding Mode Control, Fuzzy Logic Control and Adaptive Control. The reaching conditions, stability and robustness of the system with the proposed controller are guaranteed. In addition, the proposed controller is well suited for simple design and implementation. The effectiveness ...
Lei Youming [Department of Applied Mathematics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an 710072 (China)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Xu Wei [Department of Applied Mathematics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an 710072 (China); Shen Jianwei [Department of Applied Mathematics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an 710072 (China)
In this paper, we apply the simple adaptive-feedback control scheme to synchronize a class of chaotic non-autonomous systems. Based on the invariance principle of differential equations, some generic sufficient conditions for global asymptotic synchronization are obtained. Unlike the usual linear feedback, the variable feedback strength is automatically adapted to completely synchronize two identical systems and simple to implement in practice. As illustrative examples, synchronization of two parametrically excited chaotic pendulums and that of two 4D new systems are considered here. Numerical simulations show the proposed method is effective and robust against the effect of noise.
Tahoun, A H
In this paper, the stabilization problem of actuators saturation in uncertain chaotic systems is investigated via an adaptive PID control method. The PID control parameters are auto-tuned adaptively via adaptive control laws. A multi-level augmented error is designed to account for the extra terms appearing due to the use of PID and saturation. The proposed control technique uses both the state-feedback and the output-feedback methodologies. Based on Lyapunov׳s stability theory, new anti-windup adaptive controllers are proposed. Demonstrative examples with MATLAB simulations are studied. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed adaptive PID controllers.
Full Text Available As a kind of novel feedforward neural network with single hidden layer, ELM (extreme learning machine neural networks are studied for the identification and control of nonlinear dynamic systems. The property of simple structure and fast convergence of ELM can be shown clearly. In this paper, we are interested in adaptive control of nonlinear dynamic plants by using OS-ELM (online sequential extreme learning machine neural networks. Based on data scope division, the problem that training process of ELM neural network is sensitive to the initial training data is also solved. According to the output range of the controlled plant, the data corresponding to this range will be used to initialize ELM. Furthermore, due to the drawback of conventional adaptive control, when the OS-ELM neural network is used for adaptive control of the system with jumping parameters, the topological structure of the neural network can be adjusted dynamically by using multiple model switching strategy, and an MMAC (multiple model adaptive control will be used to improve the control performance. Simulation results are included to complement the theoretical results.
Fateh, Mohammad Mehdi; Moradi Zirkohi, Majid
This paper presents a novel active control approach for a hydraulic suspension system subject to road disturbances. A novel impedance model is used as a model reference in a particular robust adaptive control which is applied for the first time to the hydraulic suspension system. A scheme is introduced for selecting the impedance parameters. The impedance model prescribes a desired behaviour of the active suspension system in a wide range of different road conditions. Moreover, performance of the control system is improved by applying a particle swarm optimisation algorithm for optimising control design parameters. Design of the control system consists of two interior loops. The inner loop is a force control of the hydraulic actuator, while the outer loop is a robust model reference adaptive control (MRAC). This type of MRAC has been applied for uncertain linear systems. As another novelty, despite nonlinearity of the hydraulic actuator, the suspension system and the force loop together are presented as an uncertain linear system to the MRAC. The proposed control method is simulated on a quarter-car model. Simulation results show effectiveness of the method.
ZHURong-gang; JIANGChangsheng; FENGBin
A discussion is devoted to the design of an adaptive flight control system of the armed helicopter using wavelet neural network method. Firstly, the control loop of the attitude angle is designed with a dynamic inversion scheme in a quick loop and a slow loop. respectively. Then, in order to compensate the error caused by dynamic inversion, the adaptive flight control system of the armed helicopter using wavelet neural network method is put forward, so the BP wavelet neural network and the Lyapunov stable wavelet neural network are used to design the helicopter flight control system. Finally, the typical maneuver flight is simulated to demonstrate its validity and effectiveness. Result proves that the wavelet neural network has an engineering practical value and the effect of WNN is good.
Ding Quanxin; Chen Haitong; Jiang Changsheng; Chen Zongji
A novel control method for a general class of nonlinear systems using fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) is presertted.Indirect and direct methods are combined to design the adaptive fuzzy output feedback controller and a high-gain observer is used to estimate the derivatives of the system output. The closed-loop system is proven to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. In addition, it is shown that if the approximation accuracy of the fuzzy logic system is high enough and the observer gain is chosen sufficiently large, an arbitrarily small tracking error can be achieved. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the newly designed scheme and the theoretical discussion.
WANG Dong-dong; WANG Ya-lin; MA Tao
To resolve the control adaptability problem of TV media in complex competitive environment, a con-trol system model of TV media organization structure was designed. Based on the designed system model for TV media organization structure, the relations among the main factors of the system constitution, missions, organi-zing decision entity, and carrying bodies were analyzed. By means of applying multi-objective decision method and complex control system theory, and combining the integration model of TV media organization structure, the basic model was concluded and the corresponding parameters were designed. The current organization process of TV media is analyzed by this model, which comes to the adaptability appearance with different parameters. The results indicate that the model can estimate current TV media organization structure for the chain appearance of communications and the correlation between platforms and policy-making agencies.
Zuo, Zongyu; Li, Xiao; Shi, Zhiguang
This paper deals with the adaptive control problem of Gear Transmission Servo (GTS) systems in the presence of unknown deadzone nonlinearity and viscous friction. A global differential homeomorphism based on a novel differentiable deadzone model is proposed first. Since there exist both matched and unmatched state-dependent unknown nonlinearities, a full-state feedback L1 adaptive controller is constructed to achieve uniformly bounded transient response in addition to steady-state performance. Finally, simulation results are included to show the elimination of limit cycles, in addition to demonstrating the main results in this paper.
Transient stability problem for multi-machine infinite bus system with the generator excitation was addressed via the non-certainty equivalent nonlinear re-parameterization method. The system need not to be linearized. The damping coefficient uncertainty was considered. A non-certainty equivalent excitation controller and a novel parameter updating law were obtained simultaneously via adaptive backstepping and Lyapunov methods to achieve stability of the error systems. Simulation results show...
Problems for intellectualisation for man-machine interface and methods of self-organization for network control in multi-agent infotelecommunication systems have been discussed. Architecture and principles for construction of network and neural agents for telecommunication systems of new generation have been suggested. Methods for adaptive and multi-agent routing for information flows by requests of external agents- users of global telecommunication systems and computer network...
Huang, Shiuh-Jer; Chen, Hung-Yi
In this paper, an adaptive sliding controller is developed for controlling a vehicle active suspension system. The functional approximation technique is employed to substitute the unknown non-autonomous functions of the suspension system and release the model-based requirement of sliding mode control algorithm. In order to improve the control performance and reduce the implementation problem, a fuzzy strategy with online learning ability is added to compensate the functional approximation error. The update laws of the functional approximation coefficients and the fuzzy tuning parameters are derived from the Lyapunov theorem to guarantee the system stability. The proposed controller is implemented on a quarter-car hydraulic actuating active suspension system test-rig. The experimental results show that the proposed controller suppresses the oscillation amplitude of the suspension system effectively.
Rodriguez, Guillermo (Editor)
Various papers on intelligent control and adaptive systems are presented. Individual topics addressed include: control architecture for a Mars walking vehicle, representation for error detection and recovery in robot task plans, real-time operating system for robots, execution monitoring of a mobile robot system, statistical mechanics models for motion and force planning, global kinematics for manipulator planning and control, exploration of unknown mechanical assemblies through manipulation, low-level representations for robot vision, harmonic functions for robot path construction, simulation of dual behavior of an autonomous system. Also discussed are: control framework for hand-arm coordination, neural network approach to multivehicle navigation, electronic neural networks for global optimization, neural network for L1 norm linear regression, planning for assembly with robot hands, neural networks in dynamical systems, control design with iterative learning, improved fuzzy process control of spacecraft autonomous rendezvous using a genetic algorithm.
Shi, Wuxi; Luo, Rui; Li, Baoquan
In this study, an adaptive fuzzy prescribed performance control approach is developed for a class of uncertain multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unknown control direction and unknown dead-zone inputs. The properties of symmetric matrix are exploited to design adaptive fuzzy prescribed performance controller, and a Nussbaum-type function is incorporated in the controller to estimate the unknown control direction. This method has two prominent advantages: it does not require the priori knowledge of control direction and only three parameters need to be updated on-line for this MIMO systems. It is proved that all the signals in the resulting closed-loop system are bounded and that the tracking errors converge to a small residual set with the prescribed performance bounds. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by simulation results.
Anil Kumar Yadav; Prerna Gaur
The objective of this paper is to design an autopilot system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to control the speed and altitude using electronic throttle control system (ETCS) and elevator, respectively. A DC servo motor is used for designing of ETCS to control the throttle position for appropriate amount of air mass flow. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based controllers such as fuzzy logic PD, fuzzy logic PD + I, self-tuning fuzzy logic PID (STF-PID) controller and fuzzy logic-based sliding mode adaptive controller (FLSMAC) are designed for stable autopilot system and are compared with conventional PI controller. The target of throttle, speed and altitude controls are to achieve a wide range of air speed, improved energy efficiency and fuel economy with reduced pollutant emission. The energy efficiency using specific energy rate per velocity of UAV is also presented in this paper.
This paper presents the optimal control modification for linear uncertain plants. The Lyapunov analysis shows that the modification parameter has a limiting value depending on the nature of the uncertainty. The optimal control modification exhibits a linear asymptotic property that enables it to be analyzed in a linear time invariant framework for linear uncertain plants. The linear asymptotic property shows that the closed-loop plants in the limit possess a scaled input-output mapping. Using this property, we can derive an analytical closed-loop transfer function in the limit as the adaptive gain tends to infinity. The paper revisits the Rohrs counterexample problem that illustrates the nature of non-robustness of model-reference adaptive control in the presence of unmodeled dynamics. An analytical approach is developed to compute exactly the modification parameter for the optimal control modification that stabilizes the plant in the Rohrs counterexample. The linear asymptotic property is also used to address output feedback adaptive control for non-minimum phase plants with a relative degree 1.
Zhai, Jun-yong; Zha, Wen-ting
This paper addresses the problem of global output feedback control for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems. The nonlinearities are dominated by a triangular form satisfying linear growth condition in the unmeasurable states with an unknown growth rate. With a change of coordinates, a linear-like controller is constructed, which avoids the repeated derivatives of the nonlinearities depending on the observer states and the dynamic gain in backstepping approach and therefore, simplifies the design procedure. Using the idea of universal control, we explicitly construct a universal-type adaptive output feedback controller which globally regulates all the states of the nonlinear time-delay systems.
Weisheng CHEN; Junmin LI
This paper extends the adaptive neural network (NN) control approaches to a class of unknown output feedback nonlinear time-delay systems. An adaptive output feedback NN tracking controller is designed by backstepping technique. NNs are used to approximate unknown functions dependent on time delay. Delay-dependent filters are introduced for state estimation. The domination method is used to deal with the smooth time-delay basis functions. The adaptive bounding technique is employed to estimate the upper bound of the NN approximation errors. Based on LyapunovKrasovskii functional, the semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system is proved.The feasibility is investigated by two illustrative simulation examples.
Yin, Shen; Shi, Peng; Yang, Hongyan
In this paper, an approximated-based adaptive fuzzy control approach with only one adaptive parameter is presented for a class of single input single output strict-feedback nonlinear systems in order to deal with phenomena like nonlinear uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, dynamic disturbances, and unknown time delays. Lyapunov-Krasovskii function approach is employed to compensate the unknown time delays in the design procedure. By combining the advances of the hyperbolic tangent function with adaptive fuzzy backstepping technique, the proposed controller guarantees the semi-globally uniformly ultimately boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system from the mean square point of view. Two simulation examples are finally provided to show the superior effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Lai, Guanyu; Liu, Zhi; Zhang, Yun; Chen, Chun Lung Philip; Xie, Shengli
This paper mainly aims at the problem of adaptive quantized control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems preceded by asymmetric actuator backlash. One challenging problem that blocks the construction of our control scheme is that the real control signal is wrapped in the coupling of quantization effect and nonsmooth backlash nonlinearity. To resolve this challenge, this paper presents a two-stage separation approach established on two new technical components, which are the approximate asymmetric backlash model and the nonlinear decomposition of quantizer, respectively. Then the real control is successfully separated from the coupling dynamics. Furthermore, by employing the neural networks and adaptation method in control design, a quantized controller is developed to guarantee the asymptotic convergence of tracking error to an adjustable region of zero and uniform ultimate boundedness of all closed-loop signals. Eventually, simulations are conducted to support our theoretical results.
Jianjiang YU; Tianping ZHANG; Haijun GU
A new design scheme of direct adaptive fuzzy controller for a class of perturbed pure-feedback nonlinear systems is proposed. The design is based on backstepping and the approximation capability of the first type fuzzy systems. A continuous robust term is adopted to minif-y the influence of modeling errors or disturbances. By introducing the modified integral-type Lyapunov function, the approach is able to avoid the requirement of the upper bound of the first time derivation of the high frequency control gain. Through theoretical analysis, the closed-loop control system is proven to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded, with tracking error converging to a residual set.
We consider the general problem of analysis and design of control systems in the presence of uncertainties. We treat uncertainties that affect a control system as random variables. The performance of the system is measured by the expectation of some derived random variables, which are typically bounded. We develop adaptive sequential randomized algorithms for estimating and optimizing the expectation of such bounded random variables with guaranteed accuracy and confidence level. These algorithms can be applied to overcome the conservatism and computational complexity in the analysis and design of controllers to be used in uncertain environments. We develop methods for investigating the optimality and computational complexity of such algorithms.
Full Text Available This work presents a new discrete-time adaptive-predictive control algorithm for a system with force disturbance and input delay. This scenario is representative of a mechatronic device for percutaneous intervention with pneumatic actuation and long supply lines which is controlled remotely in the presence of an unknown external force resulting from needle-tissue interaction or gravity. The ultimate goal of this research is the robotic-assisted percutaneous intervention of the liver under Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI guidance. Since the control algorithm is intended for a digital microcontroller, it is presented in the discrete-time form. The controller design is illustrated for a 1 degree-of-freedom (DOF system and is conducted with a modular approach combining position control, adaptive disturbance compensation, and predictive control. The controller stability is analyzed and the effect of the input delay and of the tuning parameters is discussed. The controller performance is assessed with simulations considering a disturbance representative of needle insertion forces. The results indicate that the adaptive-predictive controller is effective in the presence of a variable disturbance and of a known or variable input delay.
LI Hong; ZHOU Zhiyuan; DAI Rongyang; LUO Bo; ZHENG Xiaoli; YANG Wenli; HE Tao; WU Minglu
In cells, the interactions of distinct signaling transduction pathways originating from cross-talkings between signaling molecules give rise to the formation of signaling transduction networks, which contributes to the changes (emergency) of kinetic behaviors of signaling system compared with single molecule or pathway. Depending on the known experimental data, we have constructed a model for complex cellular signaling transduction system, which is derived from signaling transduction of epidermal growth factor receptor in neuron. By the computational simulating methods, the self-adaptive controls of this system have been investigated. We find that this model exhibits a relatively stable selfadaptive system, especially to over-stimulation of agonist, and the amplitude and duration of signaling intermediates in it could be controlled by multiple self-adaptive effects, such as "signal scattering", "positive feedback", "negative feedback" and "B-Raf shunt". Our results provide an approach to understanding the dynamic behaviors of complex biological systems.
Rigatos, Gerasimos G.
An adaptive fuzzy controller is designed for a class of underactuated nonlinear robotic manipulators, under the constraint that the system's model is unknown. The control algorithm aims at satisfying the H∞ tracking performance criterion, which means that the influence of the modeling errors and the external disturbances on the tracking error is attenuated to an arbitrary desirable level. After transforming the robotic system into the canonical form, the resulting control inputs are shown to contain nonlinear elements which depend on the system's parameters. The nonlinear terms which appear in the control inputs are approximated with the use of neuro-fuzzy networks. It is shown that a suitable learning law can be defined for the aforementioned neuro-fuzzy approximators so as to preserve the closed-loop system stability. With the use of Lyapunov stability analysis it is proven that the proposed adaptive fuzzy control scheme results in H∞ tracking performance. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive fuzzy control scheme is checked in the case of a 2-DOF planar robotic manipulator that has the structure of a closed-chain mechanism.
Zhao, Xudong; Yang, Haijiao; Karimi, Hamid Reza; Zhu, Yanzheng
In this paper, an adaptive neural output-feedback tracking controller is designed for a class of multiple-input and multiple-output nonstrict-feedback nonlinear systems with time delay. The system coefficient and uncertain functions of our considered systems are both unknown. By employing neural networks to approximate the unknown function entries, and constructing a new input-driven filter, a backstepping design method of tracking controller is developed for the systems under consideration. The proposed controller can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop systems are ultimately bounded, and the time-varying target signal can be tracked within a small error as well. The main contributions of this paper lie in that the systems under consideration are more general, and an effective design procedure of output-feedback controller is developed for the considered systems, which is more applicable in practice. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Full Text Available Three conventional control constant instantaneous power control, sinusoidal current control, and synchronous reference frame techniques for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been optimized using Fuzzy Logic control and Adaptive Tabu search Algorithm and their performances have been compared. Critical analysis of Comparison of the compensation ability of different control strategies based on THD and speed will be done, and suggestions will be given for the selection of technique to be used. The simulated results using MATLAB model are presented, and they will clearly prove the value of the proposed control method of aircraft shunt APF. The waveforms observed after the application of filter will be having the harmonics within the limits and the power quality will be improved.
Full Text Available – The sliding mode control (SMC has yet proven its efficiency through several theoretical researches. Indeed, the robotic field is recognized as one of the main SMC portals on practical implementations. The interest of this work consists in testing the SMC robustness and its reliability versus the parameters variation and model uncertainties. In this paper, an algorithm for trajectory tracking task of robot manipulators based on a SMC has been proposed. Then, aiming to deal with the presence of disturbances and parametric modeling uncertainties, the adopted control law has been extended to an adaptive SMC version based integral sliding surface, where the selection of the parameters adaptation law has been detailed. It has been proven that the adaptive control design can stabilize both position and velocity of the system, where the explicit use of the system dynamic model becomes no longer required. Simulation results performed on a SCARA robot manipulator reveal improving control acting clearly denoted by the introduction of the adaptive control design
Shen, Qikun; Shi, Peng; Shi, Yan
In this paper, the problem of distributed adaptive fuzzy control is investigated for high-order uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems on directed graph with a fixed topology. It is assumed that only the outputs of each follower and its neighbors are available in the design of its distributed controllers. Equivalent output injection sliding mode observers are proposed for each follower to estimate the states of itself and its neighbors, and an observer-based distributed adaptive controller is designed for each follower to guarantee that it asymptotically synchronizes to a leader with tracking errors being semi-globally uniform ultimate bounded, in which fuzzy logic systems are utilized to approximate unknown functions. Based on algebraic graph theory and Lyapunov function approach, using Filippov-framework, the closed-loop system stability analysis is conducted. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the developed design techniques.
Nishino, Toshimasa; Fujitani, Yasuhiro; Kato, Norihiko; Tsuda, Naoaki; Nomura, Yoshihiko; Matsui, Hirokazu
The objective of this paper is to establish a technique that levitates and conveys a hand, a kind of micro-robot, by applying magnetic forces: the hand is assumed to have a function of holding and detaching the objects. The equipment to be used in our experiments consists of four pole-pieces of electromagnets, and is expected to work as a 4DOF drive unit within some restricted range of 3D space: the three DOF are corresponding to 3D positional control and the remaining one DOF, rotational oscillation damping control. Having used the same equipment, Khamesee et al. had manipulated the impressed voltages on the four electric magnetics by a PID controller by the use of the feedback signal of the hand's 3D position, the controlled variable. However, in this system, there were some problems remaining: in the horizontal direction, when translating the hand out of restricted region, positional control performance was suddenly degraded. The authors propose a method to apply an adaptive control to the horizontal directional control. It is expected that the technique to be presented in this paper contributes not only to the improvement of the response characteristic but also to widening the applicable range in the horizontal directional control.
Lewis, Frank L; Hengster-Movric, Kristian; Das, Abhijit
Task complexity, communication constraints, flexibility and energy-saving concerns are all factors that may require a group of autonomous agents to work together in a cooperative manner. Applications involving such complications include mobile robots, wireless sensor networks, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), spacecraft, and so on. In such networked multi-agent scenarios, the restrictions imposed by the communication graph topology can pose severe problems in the design of cooperative feedback control systems. Cooperative control of multi-agent systems is a challenging topic for both control theorists and practitioners and has been the subject of significant recent research. Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems extends optimal control and adaptive control design methods to multi-agent systems on communication graphs. It develops Riccati design techniques for general linear dynamics for cooperative state feedback design, cooperative observer design, and cooperative dynamic output feedback design. B...
Arpaia, Pasquale [Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Napoli (Italy); Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1217 Geneva (Switzerland); Ballarino, Amalia; Montenero, Giuseppe [Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1217 Geneva (Switzerland); Daponte, Vincenzo [Technology Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1217 Geneva (Switzerland); Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic of Milan, 20133 Milano (Italy); Svelto, Cesare [Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic of Milan, 20133 Milano (Italy)
A smart monitoring system for superconducting cable test is proposed with an adaptive current control of a superconducting transformer secondary. The design, based on Fuzzy Gain Scheduling, allows the controller parameters to adapt continuously, and finely, to the working variations arising from transformer nonlinear dynamics. The control system is integrated in a fully digital control loop, with all the related benefits, i.e., high noise rejection, ease of implementation/modification, and so on. In particular, an accurate model of the system, controlled by a Fuzzy Gain Scheduler of the superconducting transformer, was achieved by an experimental campaign through the working domain at several current ramp rates. The model performance was characterized by simulation, under all the main operating conditions, in order to guide the controller design. Finally, the proposed monitoring system was experimentally validated at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in comparison to the state-of-the-art control system [P. Arpaia, L. Bottura, G. Montenero, and S. Le Naour, “Performance improvement of a measurement station for superconducting cable test,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.83, 095111 (2012)] of the Facility for the Research on Superconducting Cables, achieving a significant performance improvement: a reduction in the system overshoot by 50%, with a related attenuation of the corresponding dynamic residual error (both absolute and RMS) up to 52%.
Wang, Yu-Long; Lim, Cheng-Chew; Shi, Peng
This paper studies the problem of adaptively adjusted event-triggering mechanism-based fault detection for a class of discrete-time networked control system (NCS) with applications to aircraft dynamics. By taking into account the fault occurrence detection progress and the fault occurrence probability, and introducing an adaptively adjusted event-triggering parameter, a novel event-triggering mechanism is proposed to achieve the efficient utilization of the communication network bandwidth. Both the sensor-to-control station and the control station-to-actuator network-induced delays are taken into account. The event-triggered sensor and the event-triggered control station are utilized simultaneously to establish new network-based closed-loop models for the NCS subject to faults. Based on the established models, the event-triggered simultaneous design of fault detection filter (FDF) and controller is presented. A new algorithm for handling the adaptively adjusted event-triggering parameter is proposed. Performance analysis verifies the effectiveness of the adaptively adjusted event-triggering mechanism, and the simultaneous design of FDF and controller.
Full Text Available A prescribed performance fuzzy adaptive output-feedback control approach is proposed for a class of single-input and single-output nonlinear stochastic systems with unmeasured states. Fuzzy logic systems are used to identify the unknown nonlinear system, and a fuzzy state observer is designed for estimating the unmeasured states. Based on the backstepping recursive design technique and the predefined performance technique, a new fuzzy adaptive output-feedback control method is developed. It is shown that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop system are bounded in probability and the tracking error remains an adjustable neighborhood of the origin with the prescribed performance bounds. A simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Full Text Available The interconnected systems is continually increasing in size and extending over whole geographical regions, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to maintain synchronism between various parts of the power system. This paper work presents an advanced adaptive Particle swarm optimization technique to optimize the SVC controller parameters for enhancement of the steady state stability & overcoming the premature convergence & stagnation problems as in basic PSO algorithm & Particle swarm optimization with shrinkage factor & inertia weight approach (PSO-SFIWA. In this paper SMIB system along with PID damped SVC controller is considered for study. The generator speed deviation is used as an auxiliary signal to SVC, to generate the desired damping. This controller improves the dynamic performance of power system by reducing the steady-state error. The controller parameters are optimized using basic PSO, PSO-SFIWA & Advanced Adaptive PSO. Computational results show that Advanced Adaptive based SVC controller is able to find better quality solution as compare to conventional PSO & PSO-SFIWA Techniques.
Full Text Available We propose a scheme for nonlinear plants with time-varying control gain and time-varying plant coefficients, on the basis of a plant model consisting of a Brunovsky-type model with polynomials as approximators. We develop an adaptive robust control scheme for this plant, under the following assumptions: (i the plant terms involve time-varying but bounded coefficients, being its upper bound unknown; (ii the control gain is unknown, not necessarily bounded, and only its signum is known. To achieve robustness, we use a combination of robustifying control inputs and dead zone-type update laws. We apply this methodology to the speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM, and we achieve proper tracking results.
Chak, Yew-Chung; Varatharajoo, Renuganth
Many spacecraft attitude control systems today use reaction wheels to deliver precise torques to achieve three-axis attitude stabilization. However, irrecoverable mechanical failure of reaction wheels could potentially lead to mission interruption or total loss. The electrically-powered Solar Array Drive Assemblies (SADA) are usually installed in the pitch axis which rotate the solar arrays to track the Sun, can produce torques to compensate for the pitch-axis wheel failure. In addition, the attitude control of a flexible spacecraft poses a difficult problem. These difficulties include the strong nonlinear coupled dynamics between the rigid hub and flexible solar arrays, and the imprecisely known system parameters, such as inertia matrix, damping ratios, and flexible mode frequencies. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the adaptive Jacobian tracking fuzzy control is proposed for the combined attitude and sun-tracking control problem of a flexible spacecraft during attitude maneuvers in this work. For the adaptation of kinematic and dynamic uncertainties, the proposed scheme uses an adaptive sliding vector based on estimated attitude velocity via approximate Jacobian matrix. The unknown nonlinearities are approximated by deriving the fuzzy models with a set of linguistic If-Then rules using the idea of sector nonlinearity and local approximation in fuzzy partition spaces. The uncertain parameters of the estimated nonlinearities and the Jacobian matrix are being adjusted online by an adaptive law to realize feedback control. The attitude of the spacecraft can be directly controlled with the Jacobian feedback control when the attitude pointing trajectory is designed with respect to the spacecraft coordinate frame itself. A significant feature of this work is that the proposed adaptive Jacobian tracking scheme will result in not only the convergence of angular position and angular velocity tracking errors, but also the convergence of estimated angular velocity to
Hsueh, Yao-Chu; Su, Shun-Feng; Chen, Ming-Chang
In this paper, a novel fuzzy structure termed as the decomposed fuzzy system (DFS) is proposed to act as the fuzzy approximator for adaptive fuzzy control systems. The proposed structure is to decompose each fuzzy variable into layers of fuzzy systems, and each layer is to characterize one traditional fuzzy set. Similar to forming fuzzy rules in traditional fuzzy systems, layers from different variables form the so-called component fuzzy systems. DFS is proposed to provide more adjustable parameters to facilitate possible adaptation in fuzzy rules, but without introducing a learning burden. It is because those component fuzzy systems are independent so that it can facilitate minimum distribution learning effects among component fuzzy systems. It can be seen from our experiments that even when the rule number increases, the learning time in terms of cycles is still almost constant. It can also be found that the function approximation capability and learning efficiency of the DFS are much better than that of the traditional fuzzy systems when employed in adaptive fuzzy control systems. Besides, in order to further reduce the computational burden, a simplified DFS is proposed in this paper to satisfy possible real time constraints required in many applications. From our simulation results, it can be seen that the simplified DFS can perform fairly with a more concise decomposition structure.
This paper presents a novel control method for accommodating actuator faults in a class of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear uncertain systems.The designed control scheme can tolerate both the time-varying lock-in-place and loss of effectiveness actuator faults.In each subsystem of the considered MIMO system,the controller is obtained from a backstepping procedure;an adaptive fuzzy approximator with minimal learning parameterization is employed to approximate the package of unknown nonlinear f...
Texto completo: acesso restrito. p.579−588 The vehicular illumination system has undergone considerable technological advances in recent decades such as the use of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS), which represents an industry breakthrough in lighting technology and is rapidly becoming one of the most important innovative technologies around the world in the lighting community. This paper presents AFS control alternatives using fuzzy logic (types 1...
Fabri, S.; Kadirkamanathan, V.
An adaptive control technique, using dynamic structure Gaussian radical basis function neural networks, that grow in time according to the location of the system's state in space is presented for the affine class of nonlinear systems having unknown or partially known dynamics. The method results in a network that is economic in terms of network size, for cases where the state spans only a small subset of state space, by utilising less basis functions than would have been the case if basis fun...
Wei WANG; Changyun WEN; Guanghong YANG
In this paper, the authors analyze the stability of a class of interconnected systems with subsystem unmodeled dynamics and dynamic interactions employing decentralized adaptive controllers designed by Wen, Zhou, and Wang (2008) in the presence of actuator failures. It will be shown that the global stability of the remaining closed-loop system is still ensured and the outputs are also regulated to zero when some subsystems break down.
Ali Moltajaei Farid
Full Text Available ANFIS is combining a neural network with a fuzzy system results in a hybrid neuro-fuzzy system, capable of reasoning and learning in an uncertain and imprecise environment. In this paper, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS is employed to control an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV. First, autopilots structure is defined, and then ANFIS controller is applied, to control UAVs lateral position. The results of ANFIS and PID lateral controllers are compared, where it shows the two controllers have similar results. ANFIS controller is capable to adaptation in nonlinear conditions, while PID has to be tuned to preserves proper control in some conditions. The simulation results generated by Matlab using Aerosim Aeronautical Simulation Block Set, which provides a complete set of tools for development of six degree-of-freedom. Nonlinear Aerosonde unmanned aerial vehicle model with ANFIS controller is simulated to verify the capability of the system. Moreover, the results are validated by FlightGear flight simulator.
LI Chun-hua; ZHU Xin-jian; SUI Sheng; HU Wan-qi; HU Ming-ruo
To prevent the oxygen starvation and improve the system output performance, an adaptive inverse control (AIC) strategy is developed to regulate the air supply flow of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system in this paper.The PEMFC stack and the air supply system including a compressor and a supply manifold are modeled for the purpose of performance analysis and controller design. A recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) is utilized to identify the inverse model of the controlled system and generates a suitable control input during the abrupt step change of external disturbances.Compared with the PI controller, numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed AIC strategy.
Full Text Available A structure mode of virtual compound-axis servo system is proposed to improve the tracking accuracy of the ordinary optoelectric tracking platform. It is based on the structure and principles of compound-axis servo system. A hybrid position control scheme combining the PD controller and feed-forward controller is used in subsystem to track the tracking error of the main system. This paper analyzes the influences of the equivalent disturbance in main system and proposes an adaptive sliding mode robust control method based on the improved disturbance observer. The sliding mode technique helps this disturbance observer to deal with the uncompensated disturbance in high frequency by making use of the rapid switching control value, which is based on the subtle error of disturbance estimation. Besides, the high-frequency chattering is alleviated effectively in this proposal. The effectiveness of the proposal is confirmed by experiments on optoelectric tracking platform.
A concise review of the theory of adaptive modeling, identification, and control of dynamic structural systems based on discrete-time recordings is presented. Adaptive methods have four major advantages over the classical methods: (1) Removal of the noise from the signal is done over the whole frequency band; (2) time-varying characteristics of systems can be tracked; (3) systems with unknown characteristics can be controlled; and (4) a small segment of the data is needed during the computations. Included in the paper are the discrete-time representation of single-input single-output (SISO) systems, models for SISO systems with noise, the concept of stochastic approximation, recursive prediction error method (RPEM) for system identification, and the adaptive control. Guidelines for model selection and model validation and the computational aspects of the method are also discussed in the paper. The present paper is the first of two companion papers. The theory given in the paper is limited to that which is necessary to follow the examples for applications in structural dynamics presented in the second paper.
Chen, Po-Chang; Huang, An-Chyau
An adaptive sliding controller is proposed in this paper for controlling a non-autonomous quarter-car suspension system with time-varying loadings. The bound of the car-body loading is assumed to be available. Then, the reference coordinate is placed at the static position under the nominal loading so that the system dynamic equation is derived. Due to spring nonlinearities, the system property becomes asymmetric after coordinate transformation. Besides, in practical cases, system parameters are not easy to be obtained precisely for controller design. Therefore, in this paper, system uncertainties are lumped into two unknown time-varying functions. Since the variation bound of one of the unknown functions is not available, conventional adaptive schemes and robust designs are not applicable. To deal with this problem, the function approximation technique is employed to represent the unknown function as a finite combination of basis functions. The Lyapunov direct method can thus be used to find adaptive laws for updating coefficients in the approximating series and to prove stability of the closed-loop system. Since the position and velocity measurements of the unsprung mass are lumped into the unknown function, there is no need to install sensors on the axle and wheel assembly in the actual implementation. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed strategy.
Davis, L.C., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org [10244 Normandy Dr., Plymouth, MI 48170 (United States)
The region of string stability of a platoon of adaptive cruise control vehicles, taking into account the delay and response of the vehicle powertrain, is found. An upper bound on the explicit delay time as a function the first-order powertrain response time constant is determined. The system is characterized by a headway time constant, a sensitivity parameter, relative (to the vehicle immediately in front) velocity control, and delayed-velocity feedback or acceleration feedback. -- Highlights: ► I find the region of stability for a realistic adaptive cruise control system. ► Vehicle response time and explicit delay are included in the analysis. ► Delayed-feedback enlarges the parameter space that gives string stability.
Hurst, Jacob; Bull, Larry
For artificial entities to achieve true autonomy and display complex lifelike behavior, they will need to exploit appropriate adaptable learning algorithms. In this context adaptability implies flexibility guided by the environment at any given time and an open-ended ability to learn appropriate behaviors. This article examines the use of constructivism-inspired mechanisms within a neural learning classifier system architecture that exploits parameter self-adaptation as an approach to realize such behavior. The system uses a rule structure in which each rule is represented by an artificial neural network. It is shown that appropriate internal rule complexity emerges during learning at a rate controlled by the learner and that the structure indicates underlying features of the task. Results are presented in simulated mazes before moving to a mobile robot platform.
Ping LI; Guanghong YANG
A class of unknown nonlinear systems subject to uncertain actuator faults and external disturbances will be studied in this paper with the help of fuzzy approximation theory.Using backstepping technique,a novel adaptive fuzzy control approach is proposed to accommodate the uncertain actuator faults during operation and deal with the external disturbances though the systems cannot be linearized by feedback.The considered faults are modeled as both loss of effectiveness and lock-in-place (stuck at some unknown place).It is proved that the proposed control scheme can guarantee all signals of the closed-loop system to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error between the system output and the reference signal converge to a small neighborhood of zero,though the nonlinear functions of the controlled system as well as the actuator faults and the external disturbances are all unknown.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control approach.
The problem of decentralized adaptive fuzzy control for a class of time-delayed interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown backlash-like hystersis is discussed. On the basis of the principle of variable structure control (VSC) and by using the fuzzy systems with linear adjustable parameters that are used to approximate plant unknown functions, a novel decentralized adaptive fuzzy control strategy with a supervisory controller is developed. A general method, which is modeled the backlash-like hysteresis, is proposed and removes the assumption that the boundedness of disturbance, and the slope of the backlash-like hystersis are known constants. Furthermore, the interconnection term is supposed to be pth-order polynomial in time-delayed states. In addition, the plant dynamic uncertainty and modeling errors are adaptively compensated by adjusting the parameters and gains on-line for each subsystems. By theoretical analysis, it is shown that the closed-loop fuzzy control systems are globally stable, with tracking error converging to zero. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Khebbache, Hicham; Tadjine, Mohamed; Labiod, Salim; Boulkroune, Abdesselem
This paper deals with the active fault tolerant control (AFTC) problem for a class of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uncertain nonlinear systems subject to sensor faults and external disturbances. The proposed AFTC method can tolerate three additive (bias, drift and loss of accuracy) and one multiplicative (loss of effectiveness) sensor faults. By employing backstepping technique, a novel adaptive backstepping-based AFTC scheme is developed using the fact that sensor faults and system uncertainties (including external disturbances and unexpected nonlinear functions caused by sensor faults) can be on-line estimated and compensated via robust adaptive schemes. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is rigorously proven using a Lyapunov approach. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated by two simulation examples.
Li, Jinsha; Li, Junmin
In this paper, the adaptive fuzzy iterative learning control scheme is proposed for coordination problems of Mth order (M ≥ 2) distributed multi-agent systems. Every follower agent has a higher order integrator with unknown nonlinear dynamics and input disturbance. The dynamics of the leader are a higher order nonlinear systems and only available to a portion of the follower agents. With distributed initial state learning, the unified distributed protocols combined time-domain and iteration-domain adaptive laws guarantee that the follower agents track the leader uniformly on [0, T]. Then, the proposed algorithm extends to achieve the formation control. A numerical example and a multiple robotic system are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Chen, Gang; Lewis, Frank L
This paper investigates the cooperative tracking control problem for a group of Lagrangian vehicle systems with directed communication graph topology. All the vehicles can have different dynamics. A design method for a distributed adaptive protocol is given which guarantees that all the networked systems synchronize to the motion of a target system. The dynamics of the networked systems, as well as the target system, are all assumed unknown. A neural network (NN) is used at each node to approximate the distributed dynamics. The resulting protocol consists of a simple decentralized proportional-plus-derivative term and a nonlinear term with distributed adaptive tuning laws at each node. The case with nonconstant NN approximation error is considered. There, a robust term is added to suppress the external disturbances and the approximation errors of the NNs. Simulation examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Full Text Available The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM is suitable for high-performance servo applications and has been used widely for the industrial robots, computer-numerically-controlled (CNC machine tools and elevators. The control performance of the actual PMSM drive system depends on many parameters, such as parameter variations, external load disturbance, and friction force. Their relationships are complex and the actual PMSM drive system has the properties of nonlinear uncertainty and time-varying characteristics. It is difficult to establish an accurate model for the nonlinear uncertainty and time-varying characteristics of the actual PMSM drive system Therefore, an adaptive recurrent neural network uncertainty observer (ARNNUO based integral backstepping control system is developed to overcome this problem in this paper. The proposed control strategy is based on integral backstepping control combined with RNN uncertainty observer to estimate the required lumped uncertainty. An adaptive rule of the RNN uncertainty observer is employed to on-line adjust the weights of sigmoidal functions by using the gradient descent method and the backpropagation algorithm in according to Lyapunov function. This ARNNUO has the on-line learning ability to respond to the system’s nonlinear and time-varying behaviors. Experimental results are executed to show the control performance of the proposed control scheme.
Full Text Available The camera always suffers from image instability on the moving vehicle due to the unintentional vibrations caused by road roughness. This paper presents a novel adaptive neural network based on sliding mode control strategy to stabilize the image captured area of the camera. The purpose is to suppress vertical displacement of sprung mass with the application of active suspension system. Since the active suspension system has nonlinear and time varying characteristics, adaptive neural network (ANN is proposed to make the controller robustness against systematic uncertainties, which release the model-based requirement of the sliding model control, and the weighting matrix is adjusted online according to Lyapunov function. The control system consists of two loops. The outer loop is a position controller designed with sliding mode strategy, while the PID controller in the inner loop is to track the desired force. The closed loop stability and asymptotic convergence performance can be guaranteed on the basis of the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the simulation results show that the employed controller effectively suppresses the vibration of the camera and enhances the stabilization of the entire camera, where different excitations are considered to validate the system performance.
The ovarian system exhibits nonlinear dynamics which is modeled by a set of coupled nonlinear differential equations. The paper proposes adaptive fuzzy control based on differential flatness theory for the complex dynamics of the ovarian system. It is proven that the dynamic model of the ovarian system, having as state variables the LH and the FSH hormones and their derivatives, is a differentially flat one. This means that all its state variables and its control inputs can be described as differential functions of the flat output. By exploiting differential flatness properties the system's dynamic model is written in the multivariable linear canonical (Brunovsky) form, for which the design of a state feedback controller becomes possible. After this transformation, the new control inputs of the system contain unknown nonlinear parts, which are identified with the use of neurofuzzy approximators. The learning procedure for these estimators is determined by the requirement the first derivative of the closed-loop's Lyapunov function to be a negative one. Moreover, Lyapunov stability analysis shows that H-infinity tracking performance is succeeded for the feedback control loop and this assures improved robustness to the aforementioned model uncertainty as well as to external perturbations. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive fuzzy control scheme is confirmed through simulation experiments.
Jinkun LIU; Fuchun SUN
A novel fuzzy terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) scheme is proposed for position tracking of a class of second-order nonlinear uncertain system. In the proposed scheme, we integrate input-output linearization technique to cancel the nonlinearities. By using a function-augmented sliding hyperplane, it is guaranteed that the output tracking error converges to zero in finite time which can be set arbitrarily. The proposed scheme eliminates reaching phase problem, so that the closed-loop system always shows invariance property to parameter uncertainties. Fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown system functions and switch item. Robust adaptive law is proposed to reduce approximation errors between true nonlinear functions and fuzzy systems, thus chattering phenomenon can be eliminated. Stability of the proposed control scheme is proved and the scheme is applied to an inverted pendulum system. Simulation studies are provided to confirm performance and effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Wang, Caixia; Li, Xinyang; Li, Mei; Ye, Jongwei; Chen, Bo
A non-conventional adaptive optics system based on direct system performance metric optimization is illustrated. The system does not require wave-front sensor which is difficult to work under the poor condition such as beam cleanup for the anomalous light beam. The system comprises a high speed wavefront controller based on Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD) Algorithm, a deformable mirror, a tip/tilt mirror and a far-field system performance metric sensor. The architecture of the wave-front controller is based on a combination of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and floating-point Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The Zernike coefficient information is applied to improve the iteration speed. The experimental results show that the beam cleanup system based on SPGD keep a high iteration speed. The controller can compensate the wavefront aberration and tilt excursion effectively.
Abdurahman Kadir; Xing-Yuan Wang; Yu-Zhang Zhao
In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy neural controller (AFNC) for a class of unknown chaotic systems is proposed. The proposed AFNC is comprised of a fuzzy neural controller and a robust controller. The fuzzy neural controller including a fuzzy neural network identiﬁer (FNNI) is the principal controller. The FNNI is used for online estimation of the controlled system dynamics by tuning the parameters of fuzzy neural network (FNN). The Gaussian function, a speciﬁc example of radial basis function, is adopted here as a membership function. So, the tuning parameters include the weighting factors in the consequent part and the means and variances of the Gaussian membership functions in the antecedent part of fuzzy implications. To tune the parameters online, the back-propagation (BP) algorithm is developed. The robust controller is used to guarantee the stability and to control the performance of the closed-loop adaptive system, which is achieved always. Finally, simulation results show that the AFNC can achieve favourable tracking performances.
Peng, Jinzhu; Dubay, Rickey
In this paper, an adaptive control approach based on the neural networks is presented to control a DC motor system with dead-zone characteristics (DZC), where two neural networks are proposed to formulate the traditional identification and control approaches. First, a Wiener-type neural network (WNN) is proposed to identify the motor DZC, which formulates the Wiener model with a linear dynamic block in cascade with a nonlinear static gain. Second, a feedforward neural network is proposed to formulate the traditional PID controller, termed as PID-type neural network (PIDNN), which is then used to control and compensate for the DZC. In this way, the DC motor system with DZC is identified by the WNN identifier, which provides model information to the PIDNN controller in order to make it adaptive. Back-propagation algorithms are used to train both neural networks. Also, stability and convergence analysis are conducted using the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, experiments on the DC motor system demonstrated accurate identification and good compensation for dead-zone with improved control performance over the conventional PID control.
Yao, Wei; Fang, Jiakun; Zhao, Ping
the characteristics of the conventional PID, but adjust the parameters of PID controller online using identified Jacobian information from RBFNN. Hence, it has strong adaptability to the variation of the system operating condition. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is tested on a two-machine five-bus power...... system and a four-machine two-area power system under different operating conditions in comparison with the lead-lag damping controller tuned by evolutionary algorithm (EA). Simulation results show that the proposed damping controller achieves good robust performance for damping the low frequency...... oscillations under different operating conditions and is superior to the lead-lag damping controller tuned by EA....
Full Text Available In this work, we introduce an adaptive neural network controller for a class of nonlinear systems. The approach uses two Radial Basis Functions, RBF networks. The first RBF network is used to approximate the ideal control law which cannot be implemented since the dynamics of the system are unknown. The second RBF network is used for on-line estimating the control gain which is a nonlinear and unknown function of the states. The updating laws for the combined estimator and controller are derived through Lyapunov analysis. Asymptotic stability is established with the tracking errors converging to a neighborhood of the origin. Finally, the proposed method is applied to control and stabilize the inverted pendulum system.
WEI Dong; XU Hong; ZHU Xin-jian
The operating temperature of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is a very important control parameter. It should be controlled within a specific range, however, most of existing PEMFC mathematical models are too complicated to be effectively applied to on-line control. In this paper, input-output data and operating experiences will be used to establish PEMFC stack model and operating temperature control system. An adaptive learning algorithm and a nearest-neighbor clustering algorithm are applied to regulate the parameters and fuzzy rules so that the model and the control system are able to obtain higher accuracy. In the end, the simulation and the experimental results are presented and compared with traditional PID and fuzzy control algorithms.
Lee, Hyung-Min; Park, Hangue; Ghovanloo, Maysam
A power-efficient wireless stimulating system for a head-mounted deep brain stimulator (DBS) is presented. A new adaptive rectifier generates a variable DC supply voltage from a constant AC power carrier utilizing phase control feedback, while achieving high AC-DC power conversion efficiency (PCE) through active synchronous switching. A current-controlled stimulator adopts closed-loop supply control to automatically adjust the stimulation compliance voltage by detecting stimulation site potentials through a voltage readout channel, and improve the stimulation efficiency. The stimulator also utilizes closed-loop active charge balancing to maintain the residual charge at each site within a safe limit, while receiving the stimulation parameters wirelessly from the amplitude-shift-keyed power carrier. A 4-ch wireless stimulating system prototype was fabricated in a 0.5-μm 3M2P standard CMOS process, occupying 2.25 mm². With 5 V peak AC input at 2 MHz, the adaptive rectifier provides an adjustable DC output between 2.5 V and 4.6 V at 2.8 mA loading, resulting in measured PCE of 72 ~ 87%. The adaptive supply control increases the stimulation efficiency up to 30% higher than a fixed supply voltage to 58 ~ 68%. The prototype wireless stimulating system was verified in vitro. PMID:24678126
Chunlai Li; Yaonan Tong
In this paper, the chaotic dynamics of a three-dimensional fractional-order chaotic system is investigated. The lowest order for exhibiting chaos in the fractional-order system is obtained. Adaptive schemes are proposed for control and synchronization of the fractional-order chaotic system based on the stability theory of fractional-order dynamic systems. The presented schemes, which contain only a single-state variable, are simple and flexible. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented methods.
Full Text Available This article is an introduction to a new model for an adaptive Learning Management System. It presents the current e-learning standards and describes the elements that can be used to create the system: the sequencing control modes, sequencing rules, navigation controls, learning records and learning record stores. The model is based on artificial intelligent algorithms that analyze the data captured for each user and creates an adaptive navigation path through the learning content of the system, allowing each user to experience the content in different ways
Wang, Min; Wang, Cong
Learning plays an essential role in autonomous control systems. However, how to achieve learning in the nonstationary environment for nonlinear systems is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present learning method for a class of n th-order strict-feedback systems by adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) technology, which achieves the human-like ability of learning by doing and doing with learned knowledge. To achieve the learning, this paper first proposes stable adaptive DSC with auxiliary first-order filters, which ensures the boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system and the convergence of tracking errors in a finite time. With the help of DSC, the derivative of the filter output variable is used as the neural network (NN) input instead of traditional intermediate variables. As a result, the proposed adaptive DSC method reduces greatly the dimension of NN inputs, especially for high-order systems. After the stable DSC design, we decompose the stable closed-loop system into a series of linear time-varying perturbed subsystems. Using a recursive design, the recurrent property of NN input variables is easily verified since the complexity is overcome using DSC. Subsequently, the partial persistent excitation condition of the radial basis function NN is satisfied. By combining a state transformation, accurate approximations of the closed-loop system dynamics are recursively achieved in a local region along recurrent orbits. Then, the learning control method using the learned knowledge is proposed to achieve the closed-loop stability and the improved control performance. Simulation studies are performed to demonstrate the proposed scheme can not only reuse the learned knowledge to achieve the better control performance with the faster tracking convergence rate and the smaller tracking error but also greatly alleviate the computational burden because of reducing the number and complexity of NN input variables.
Wu, Huai-Ning; Qiang, Xiao-Hong; Guo, Lei
In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy fault accommodation (FA) control design with a guaranteed L(∞)-gain performance is developed for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems with persistent bounded disturbances. Using the Lyapunov technique and the Razumikhin-type lemma, the existence condition of the L(∞) -gain adaptive fuzzy FA controllers is provided in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In the proposed FA scheme, a fuzzy logic system is employed to approximate the unknown term in the derivative of the Lyapunov function due to the unknown fault function; a continuous-state feedback control strategy is adopted for the control design to avoid the undesirable chattering phenomenon. The resulting FA controllers can ensure that every response of the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded with a guaranteed L(∞)-gain performance in the presence of a fault. Moreover, by the existing LMI optimization technique, a suboptimal controller is obtained in the sense of minimizing an upper bound of the L(∞)-gain. Finally, the achieved simulation results on the FA control of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) show the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure.
Yang, Z.; Izadi-Zamanabadi, Roozbeh; Blanke, M.
Based on the model-matching strategy, an adaptive control reconfiguration method for a class of nonlinear control systems is proposed by using the multiple-model scheme. Instead of requiring the nominal and faulty nonlinear systems to match each other directly in some proper sense, three sets of ...... corresponding to the updating of local LTI models, which validations are determined by the model approximation errors and the optimal index of local design. The test on a nonlinear ship propulsion system shows the promising potential of this method for system reconfiguration...
Yang, Z.; Izadi-Zamanabadi, Roozbeh; Blanke, M.
Based on the model-matching strategy, an adaptive control reconfiguration method for a class of nonlinear control systems is proposed by using the multiple-model scheme. Instead of requiring the nominal and faulty nonlinear systems to match each other directly in some proper sense, three sets...... of LTI models are employed to approximate the faulty, reconfigured and nominal nonlinear systems respectively with respect to the on-line information of the operating system, and a set of compensating modules are proposed and designed so as to make the local LTI model approximating to the reconfigured...
Nagatome, S.; Seo, N.; Negoro, T.; Kaneda, S.; Matsushita, T.; Kono, Y.; Kanbe, K.; Fujiwara, K. [Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe (Japan)
Aircraft engine controllers incorporating computer technology have enabled the highly automated control of the entire engine system, and consequently have been put to practical use as Full-Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC). In future such FADEC technology will be evolved and combined into an Integrated Flight and Propulsion Control (IFPC) system which will automatically optimize the whole aircraft propulsion system. In this paper the application of the adaptive control, part of the IFPC technology, is described. (author)
Frost, S. A.; Balas, M. J.
We propose a new framework called Evolving Systems to describe the self-assembly, or autonomous assembly, of actively controlled dynamical subsystems into an Evolved System with a higher purpose. Autonomous assembly of large, complex flexible structures in space is a target application for Evolving Systems. A critical requirement for autonomous assembling structures is that they remain stable during and after assembly. The fundamental topic of inheritance of stability, dissipativity, and passivity in Evolving Systems is the primary focus of this research. In this paper, we develop an adaptive key component controller to restore stability in Nonlinear Evolving Systems that would otherwise fail to inherit the stability traits of their components. We provide sufficient conditions for the use of this novel control method and demonstrate its use on an illustrative example.
Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to integrate the artificial immune systems and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobile suspension system, which is regarded as a multiobjective optimization problem. Moreover, the fuzzy control rules and membership controls are then introduced for identification and memorization. It leads fast convergence in the search process. Afterwards, by using the diversity of the antibody group, trapping into local optimum can be avoided, and the system possesses a global search capacity and a faster local search for finding a global optimal solution. Experimental results show that the artificial immune system with the recognition and memory functions allows the system to rapidly converge and search for the global optimal approximate solutions.
Full Text Available This paper addresses the chaos control and synchronization problems of a hyperchaotic system. It is assumed that the parameters of the hyperchaotic system are unknown and the system is perturbed by the external disturbance. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the adaptive control theory, suitable nonlinear controllers are designed for the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system both for stabilization of hyperchaos at the origin and complete synchronization of two identical hyperchaotic systems. Accordingly, suitable update laws are proposed to estimate the fully uncertain parameters. All simulation results are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical findings. The effect of external disturbance is under our discussion.
Full Text Available The present paper is dedicated to the presentation and implementation of an optimized technique allowing an on-line estimation of a robot manipulator parameters to use them in a computed torque control. Indeed the proposed control law needs the exact robot model to give good performances. The complexity of the robot manipulator and its strong non-linearity makes it hard to know its parameters. Therefore, we propose in this paper to use neuro-fuzzy networks Sequential Adaptive Fuzzy Inference System (SAFIS to estimate the parameters of the controlled robot manipulator.
Koofigar, Hamid Reza
The problem of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems, despite the model uncertainties and the variations in environmental circumstances, is addressed. Introducing a mathematical description, an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) algorithm is first developed. Unlike many previous investigations, the output voltage is not required to be sensed and the upper bound of system uncertainties and the variations of irradiance and temperature are not required to be known. Estimating the output voltage by an update law, an adaptive-based H∞ tracking algorithm is then developed for the case the perturbations are energy-bounded. The stability analysis is presented for the proposed tracking control schemes, based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. From a comparison viewpoint, some numerical and experimental studies are also presented and discussed.
Frost, Susan A.; Goebel, Kai; Trinh, Khanh V.; Balas, Mark J.; Frost, Alan M.
Increasing turbine up-time and reducing maintenance costs are key technology drivers for wind turbine operators. Components within wind turbines are subject to considerable stresses due to unpredictable environmental conditions resulting from rapidly changing local dynamics. Systems health management has the aim to assess the state-of-health of components within a wind turbine, to estimate remaining life, and to aid in autonomous decision-making to minimize damage. Advanced adaptive controls can provide the mechanism to enable optimized operations that also provide the enabling technology for Systems Health Management goals. The work reported herein explores the integration of condition monitoring of wind turbine blades with contingency management and adaptive controls. Results are demonstrated using a high fidelity simulator of a utility-scale wind turbine.
WANG Jing; TAN Zhen-Yu; MA Xi-Kui; GAO Jin-Feng
A novel adaptive observer-based control scheme is presented for synchronization and suppression of a class of uncertain chaotic system. First, an adaptive observer based on an orthogonal neural network is designed. Subsequently, the sliding mode controllers via the proposed adaptive observer are proposed for synchronization and suppression of the uncertain chaotic systems. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
M Shahi; A H Mazinan
A class of real complicated systems, including chemical reactions, biological systems, information processing, laser systems, electrical circuits, information exchange, brain activities modelling, secure communication and other related ones can be presented through nonlinear and non-identical hyper-chaotic systems. The main goal of the present investigation is to synchronize two non-identical hyperchaotic master/slave systems, which are given as the models of the complicated systems, based on the realization of an efficient automated adaptive sliding mode control scheme. In the research presented here, the mentioned systems need to be dealt with through the proposed control scheme, since two non-identical systems are completely synchronized. In one such case, the whole of the chosen states of the master and slave systems should be coincided after a few time steps, as long as the effect of the external disturbance, uncertainty and unknown parameters could truly be ignored. Due to the fact that the investigated hyper-chaotic systems have taken into consideration as the representation of a number of complicated processes under mentioned external disturbance, uncertainty and unknown parameters, the traditional control approaches cannot actually be realized, in satisfactory manners.With this purpose, the proposed control scheme has been designed to cope with synchronization error, in a reasonable amount of time, in order to drive applicable hyper-chaotic systems. Consequently, the performance of the proposed control scheme is considered and verified through the numerical simulations.
Ghiti Sarand, Hassan; Karimi, Bahram
This paper addresses synchronisation problem of high-order multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) multi-agent systems. Each agent has unknown nonlinear dynamics and is subject to uncertain external disturbances. The agents must follow a reference trajectory. An adaptive distributed controller based on relative information of neighbours of each agent is designed to solve the problem for any undirected connected communication topology. A radial basis function neural network is used to represent the controller's unknown structure. Lyapunov stability analysis is employed to guarantee stability of the overall system. By the theoretical analysis, the closed-loop control system is shown to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulations are provided to show effectiveness of the proposed control method against uncertainty and disturbances.
Theodorakopoulos, Achilles; Rovithakis, George A
In this paper, the problem of deriving a continuous, state-feedback controller for a class of multiinput multioutput feedback linearizable systems is considered with special emphasis on controller simplification and reduction of the overall design complexity with respect to the current state of the art. The proposed scheme achieves prescribed bounds on the transient and steady-state performance of the output tracking errors despite the uncertainty in system nonlinearities. Contrary to the current state of the art, however, only a single neural network is utilized to approximate a scalar function that partly incorporates the system nonlinearities. Furthermore, the loss of model controllability problem, typically introduced owing to approximation model singularities, is avoided without attaching additional complexity to the control or adaptive law. Simulations are performed to verify and clarify the theoretical findings.
Full Text Available We present a control strategy for nonlinear nontriangular uncertain systems. The proposed control method is a synergy between the dynamic adaptive backstepping (DAB and integral sliding mode (ISM and is referred to as DAB-ISMC. Our main objective is to find a recursive procedure to transform a nontriangular system into an implementable form that enables designing a control law which almost eliminates the reaching-phase. The proposed method further facilitates minimization of chattering which is believed to be a shortcoming of the sliding mode control. In this methodology, the ISM, as an integrated subsystem of DAB, is introduced at the final stage of backstepping. This strategy works very well to obtain a system that is robust against model imperfections, matching and unmatching uncertainties. The DAB-ISMC method is applied on a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR and simulation results obtained on Matlab are found to be very promising.
Peng, Zhouhua; Wang, Dan; Zhang, Hongwei; Sun, Gang
This paper addresses the leader-follower synchronization problem of uncertain dynamical multiagent systems with nonlinear dynamics. Distributed adaptive synchronization controllers are proposed based on the state information of neighboring agents. The control design is developed for both undirected and directed communication topologies without requiring the accurate model of each agent. This result is further extended to the output feedback case where a neighborhood observer is proposed based on relative output information of neighboring agents. Then, distributed observer-based synchronization controllers are derived and a parameter-dependent Riccati inequality is employed to prove the stability. This design has a favorable decouple property between the observer and the controller designs for nonlinear multiagent systems. For both cases, the developed controllers guarantee that the state of each agent synchronizes to that of the leader with bounded residual errors. Two illustrative examples validate the efficacy of the proposed methods.
Wang, Huanqing; Shi, Peng; Li, Hongyi; Zhou, Qi
This paper considers the problem of adaptive neural control of nonlower triangular nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and dynamic disturbances. The design difficulties appeared in the unmodeled dynamics and nonlower triangular form are handled with a dynamic signal and a variable partition technique for the nonlinear functions of all state variables, respectively. It is shown that the proposed controller is able to ensure the semi-global boundedness of all signals of the resulting closed-loop system. Furthermore, the system output is ensured to converge to a small domain of the given trajectories. The main advantage about this research is that a neural networks-based tracking control method is developed for uncertain nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and nonlower triangular form. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the newly presented design techniques.
Full Text Available The study presents an adaptive neural network output feedback tracking control scheme for a class of complicated agricultural mechanical systems. The scheme includes a dynamic gain observer to estimate the un-measurable states of the system. The main advantages of the authors scheme are that by introducing non-separation principle design neural network controller and the observer gain are simultaneously tuned according to output tracking error, the semi-globally ultimately bounded of output tracking error and all the states in the closed-loop system can be achieved by Lyapunov approach. With the universal approximation property of NN and the simultaneous parametrisation, no Lipschitz assumption and SPR condition are employed which makes the system construct simple. Finally the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the control scheme.
ZHU Liye; FANG Yuan; ZHANG Weidong
According to a type of normal nonlinear system, an indirect adaptive fuzzy (IAF) controller has been applied to those systems where no accurate mathematical models of the systems under control are available. To satisfy with system performance, an indirect accelerated adaptive fuzzy (IAAF) controller is proposed, and its general form is presented. The general form IAAF controller ensures necessary control criteria and system's global stability using Lyapunov Theorem. It has been proved that the close-loop system error converges to a small neighborhood of equilibrium point. The optimal IAAF controller is derived to guarantee the process's shortest settling time. Simulation results indicate the IAAF controller make the system more stable, accurate, and fast.
庄开宇; 苏宏业; 张克勤; 褚健
An adaptive terminal sliding mode control (SMC) technique is proposed to deal with the tracking problem for a class of high-order nonlinear dynamic systems. It is shown that a function augmented sliding hyperplane can be used to develop a new terminal sliding mode for high-order nonlinear systems. A terminal SMC controller based on Lyapunov theory is designed to force the state variables of the closed-loop system to reach and remain on the terminal sliding mode, so that the output tracking error then converges to zero in finite time which can be set arbitrarily. An adaptive mechanism is introduced to estimate the unknown parameters of the upper bounds of system uncertainties. The estimates are then used as controller parameters so that the effects of uncertain dynamics can be eliminated. It is also shown that the stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed with the proposed control strategy. The simulation of a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the new method.
An adaptive fuzzy output feedback controller is proposed for a class of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with unknown input nonlinearities. The input nonlinearities can be backlash-like hysteresis or dead-zone. Besides, the gains of unknown input nonlinearities are unknown nonlinear functions. Based on universal approximation theorem, the unknown nonlinear functions are approximated by fuzzy systems. The proposed method does not need the availability of the states and an observer based on strictly positive real (SPR) theory is designed to estimate the states. An adaptive robust structure is used to cope with fuzzy approximation error and external disturbances. The semi-global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed via Lyapunov approach. The applicability of the proposed method is also shown via simulations.
Tavana, Mohammad Reza; Khooban, Mohammad-Hassan; Niknam, Taher
Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) provides the means to improve quality and reliability of a power system as it has the functional capability to handle dynamic disturbances, such as transient stability and power oscillation damping as well as to providing voltage regulation. In this paper, a robust adaptive PI-based optimal fuzzy control strategy is proposed to control a STATCOM used in distribution systems. The proposed intelligent strategy is based on a combination of a new General Type-II Fuzzy Logic (GT2FL) with a simple heuristic algorithm named Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) Algorithm. The proposed framework optimally tunes parameters of a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller which, similar to most of other researchers regarding control of STATCOM, are in charge of controlling the device. The proposed controller guaranties robustness and stability against uncertainties caused by external disturbances or ever-changing nature of the power systems. The TLBO optimizes the parameters of the controller as well as the input and output membership functions. To validate the efficiency of the proposed controller, the obtained simulation results are compared with those of the two most recent researches applied in this field, namely, conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller and Optimal Fuzzy PI (OFPI) controller. Results demonstrate the successfulness and effectiveness of the proposed online-TLBO General Type-2 Fuzzy PI (OGT2FPI) controller and its superiority over conventional approaches.
Full Text Available Generalized Adaptive Linear Element (GADALINE Artificial Neural Network (ANN as an Artificial Intelligence (AI technique is used in this paper to online adaptive control of a Non-linear Inverted Pendulum (IP system. The ANN controller is designed with specifications as: network type is three (Input, Hidden and Output layered Feed-Forward Network (FFN, training is done by Widrow-Hoffs delta rule or Least Mean Square algorithm (LMS, that updates weight and bias states to minimize the error function. The research is focused on how to adapt the control actions to solve the problem of “parameter variations”. The method is applied to the Nonlinear IP model with the application of some uncertainties, and the experimental results show that the system responds very well to handle those uncertainties.
Hinnen, K.; Doelman, N.; Verhaegen, M.
The problem of finding the closed-loop optimal controller is formulated in an H2-optimal control framework. This provides a natural way to account for the fact that in many AO systems the wavefront phase cannot be measured directly. Given a multi-variable disturbance model of both wavefront slopes a
Full Text Available We present an adaptive-gain second order sliding mode (SOSM control applied to a hybrid power system for electric vehicle applications. The main advantage of the adaptive SOSM is that it does not require the upper bound of the uncertainty. The proposed hybrid system consists of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC with a unidirectional DC/DC converter and a Li-ion battery stack with a bidirectional DC/DC converter, where the PEMFC is employed as the primary energy source and the battery is employed as the second energy source. One of the main limitations of the FC is its slow dynamics mainly due to the air-feed system and fuel-delivery system. Fuel starvation phenomenon will occur during fast load demand. Therefore, the second energy source is required to assist the main source to improve system perofrmance. The proposed energy management system contains two cascade control structures, which are used to regulate the fuel cell and battery currents to track the given reference currents and stabilize the DC bus voltage while satisfying the physical limitations. The proposed control strategy is evaluated for two real driving cycles, that is, Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS and Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET.
Hua, Chang-Chun; Wang, Qing-Guo; Guan, Xin-Ping
In this paper, the robust-control problem is investigated for a class of uncertain nonlinear time-delay systems via dynamic output-feedback approach. The considered system is in the strict-feedback form with unknown control direction. A full-order observer is constructed with the gains computed via linear matrix inequality at first. Then, with the bounds of uncertain functions known, we design the dynamic output-feedback controller such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Furthermore, when the bound functions of uncertainties are not available, the adaptive fuzzy-logic system is employed to approximate the uncertain function, and the corresponding output-feedback controller is designed. It is shown that the resulting closed-loop system is stable in the sense of semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness. Finally, simulations are done to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Kong, Xiangxi; Zhang, Xueliang; Chen, Xiaozhe; Wen, Bangchun; Wang, Bo
In this paper, self- and controlled synchronizations of three eccentric rotors (ERs) in line driven by induction motors rotating in the same direction in a vibrating system are investigated. The vibrating system is a typical underactuated mechanical-electromagnetic coupling system. The analysis and control of the vibrating system convert to the synchronization motion problem of three ERs. Firstly, the self-synchronization motion of three ERs is analyzed according to self-synchronization theory. The criterions of synchronization and stability of self-synchronous state are obtained by using a modified average perturbation method. The significant synchronization motion of three ERs with zero phase differences cannot be implemented according to self-synchronization theory through analysis and simulations. To implement the synchronization motion of three ERs with zero phase differences, an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) algorithm based on a modified master-slave control strategy is employed to design the controllers. The stability of the controllers is verified by using Lyapunov theorem. The performances of the controlled synchronization system are presented by simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of controllers. Finally, the effects of reference speed and non-zero phase differences on the controlled system are discussed to show the strong robustness of the proposed controllers. Additionally, the dynamic responses of the vibrating system in different synchronous states are analyzed.
Min Wang; Xiaoping Liu; Peng Shi
This paper is concerned with robust stabilization problem for a class of nonaffine pure-feedback systems with unknown time-delay functions and perturbed uncertainties. Novel continuous packaged functions are introduced in advance to remove unknown nonlinear terms deduced from perturbed uncertainties and unknown time-delay functions, which avoids the functions with control law to be approximated by radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. This technique combining implicit function and mean value theorems overcomes the difficulty in controlling the nonaffine pure-feedback systems. Dynamic surface control (DSC) is used to avoid "the explosion of complexity" in the backstepping design. Design difficulties from unknown time-delay functions are overcome using the function separation technique, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, and the desirable property of hyperbolic tangent functions. RBF neural networks are employed to approximate desired virtual controls and desired practical control. Under the proposed adaptive neural DSC, the number of adaptive parameters required is reduced significantly, and semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of all of the signals in the closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulation studies are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
Zheng Yongai, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Computer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Nian Yibei [School of Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China); Wang Dejin [Department of Computer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 (China)
In this Letter, a kind of novel model, called the generalized Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model, is first developed by extending the conventional T-S fuzzy model. Then, a simple but efficient method to control fractional order chaotic systems is proposed using the generalized T-S fuzzy model and adaptive adjustment mechanism (AAM). Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee chaos control from the stability criterion of linear fractional order systems. The proposed approach offers a systematic design procedure for stabilizing a large class of fractional order chaotic systems from the literature about chaos research. The effectiveness of the approach is tested on fractional order Roessler system and fractional order Lorenz system.
Keshtkar, Sajjad; Poznyak, Alexander
In this work, the sliding mode control based on the super-twist observer is presented. The parameters of the controller as well as the observer are admitted to be time-varying and depending on available current measurements. In view of that, the considered controller is referred to as an adaptive one. It is shown that the deviations of the generated state estimates from real state values together with a distance of the closed-loop system trajectories to a desired sliding surface reach a μ-zone around the origin in finite time. The application of the suggested controller is illustrated for the orientation of a tethered satellite system in a required position.
Wang, Xudong; Syrmos, Vassilis L.
In this paper, an adaptive reconfigurable control system based on extended Kalman filter approach and eigenstructure assignments is proposed. System identification is carried out using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach. An eigenstructure assignment (EA) technique is applied for reconfigurable feedback control law design to recover the system dynamic performance. The reconfigurable feedforward controllers are designed to achieve the steady-state tracking using input weighting approach. The proposed scheme can identify not only actuator and sensor variations, but also changes in the system structures using the extended Kalman filtering method. The overall design is robust with respect to uncertainties in the state-space matrices of the reconfigured system. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed reconfigurable control system design technique, an aircraft longitudinal vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) control system is used to demonstrate the reconfiguration procedure.
Sun, Gang; Wang, Dan; Peng, Zhouhua; Wang, Hao; Lan, Weiyao; Wang, Mingxin
In this paper, a robust adaptive neural control design approach is presented for a class of uncertain pure-feedback nonlinear systems. To reduce the complexity of the both controller structure and computation, only one neural network is used to approximate the lumped unknown function of the system at the last step of the recursive design process. By this approach, the complexity growing problem existing in conventional methods can be eliminated completely. Stability analysis shows that all the closed-loop system signals are uniformly ultimately bounded, and the steady state tracking error can be made arbitrarily small by appropriately choosing control parameters. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed approach.
Wang, Qin; Chen, Zuwen; Song, Aiguo
A robust adaptive output-feedback control scheme based on K-filters is proposed for a class of nonlinear interconnected time-varying delay systems with immeasurable states. It is difficult to design the controller due to the existence of the immeasurable states and the time-delay couplings among interconnected subsystems. This difficulty is overcome by use of the fuzzy system, the K-filters and the appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. Based on Lyapunov theory, the closed-loop control system is proved to be semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and the output tracking error converges to a neighborhood of zero. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Modern high-performance aircraft demand advanced fault-tolerant flight control strategies. Not only the control effector failures, but the aerodynamic type failures like wing-body damages often result in substantially deteriorate performance because of low available redundancy. As a result the remaining control actuators may yield substantially lower maneuvering capabilities which do not authorize the accomplishment of the air-craft's original specified mission. The problem is to solve the control reconfiguration on available control redundancies when the mission modification is urged to save the aircraft. The proposed robust adaptive fault-tolerant control (RAFTC) system consists of a multi-layer reconfigurable flight controller architecture. It contains three layers accounting for different types and levels of failures including sensor, actuator, and fuselage damages. In case of the nominal operation with possible minor failure(s) a standard adaptive controller stands to achieve the control allocation. This is referred to as the first layer, the controller layer. The performance adjustment is accounted for in the second layer, the reference layer, whose role is to adjust the reference model in the controller design with a degraded transit performance. The upmost mission adjust is in the third layer, the mission layer, when the original mission is not feasible with greatly restricted control capabilities. The modified mission is achieved through the optimization of the command signal which guarantees the boundedness of the closed-loop signals. The main distinguishing feature of this layer is the the mission decision property based on the current available resources. The contribution of the research is the multi-layer fault-tolerant architecture that can address the complete failure scenarios and their accommodations in realities. Moreover, the emphasis is on the mission design capabilities which may guarantee the stability of the aircraft with restricted post
Liu, Yan-Jun; Li, Jing; Tong, Shaocheng; Chen, C L Philip
In order to stabilize a class of uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback systems with full-state constraints, an adaptive neural network control method is investigated in this paper. The state constraints are frequently emerged in the real-life plants and how to avoid the violation of state constraints is an important task. By introducing a barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) to every step in a backstepping procedure, a novel adaptive backstepping design is well developed to ensure that the full-state constraints are not violated. At the same time, one remarkable feature is that the minimal learning parameters are employed in BLF backstepping design. By making use of Lyapunov analysis, we can prove that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded and the output is well driven to follow the desired output. Finally, a simulation is given to verify the effectiveness of the method.
and dynamic surface control technique, an adaptive NN controller is constructed to render the closed-loop system semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB. Finally, a simulation example is shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
needs through effective leadership that encourages innovation and diversity of ideas. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my beautiful ...Implications of Complex Adaptive Systems Theory for C2, 2006, 3, http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai? verb =getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA463382...Genesis of the Air Campaign Against Iraq (DTIC Document, 1995), 49, http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai? verb =getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier
Yang, Xiong; Liu, Derong; Wang, Ding
In this paper, an adaptive reinforcement learning-based solution is developed for the infinite-horizon optimal control problem of constrained-input continuous-time nonlinear systems in the presence of nonlinearities with unknown structures. Two different types of neural networks (NNs) are employed to approximate the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. That is, an recurrent NN is constructed to identify the unknown dynamical system, and two feedforward NNs are used as the actor and the critic to approximate the optimal control and the optimal cost, respectively. Based on this framework, the action NN and the critic NN are tuned simultaneously, without the requirement for the knowledge of system drift dynamics. Moreover, by using Lyapunov's direct method, the weights of the action NN and the critic NN are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded, while keeping the closed-loop system stable. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present approach, simulation results are illustrated.
Gao, Shigen; Dong, Hairong; Lyu, Shihang; Ning, Bin
This paper studies decentralised neural adaptive control of a class of interconnected nonlinear systems, each subsystem is in the presence of input saturation and external disturbance and has independent system order. Using a novel truncated adaptation design, dynamic surface control technique and minimal-learning-parameters algorithm, the proposed method circumvents the problems of 'explosion of complexity' and 'dimension curse' that exist in the traditional backstepping design. Comparing to the methodology that neural weights are online updated in the controllers, only one scalar needs to be updated in the controllers of each subsystem when dealing with unknown systematic dynamics. Radial basis function neural networks (NNs) are used in the online approximation of unknown systematic dynamics. It is proved using Lyapunov stability theory that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded. The tracking errors of each subsystems, the amplitude of NN approximation residuals and external disturbances can be attenuated to arbitrarily small by tuning proper design parameters. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Manor, Brad; Costa, Madalena D; Hu, Kun; Newton, Elizabeth; Starobinets, Olga; Kang, Hyun Gu; Peng, C K; Novak, Vera; Lipsitz, Lewis A
The degree of multiscale complexity in human behavioral regulation, such as that required for postural control, appears to decrease with advanced aging or disease. To help delineate causes and functional consequences of complexity loss, we examined the effects of visual and somatosensory impairment on the complexity of postural sway during quiet standing and its relationship to postural adaptation to cognitive dual tasking. Participants of the MOBILIZE Boston Study were classified into mutually exclusive groups: controls [intact vision and foot somatosensation, n = 299, 76 ± 5 (SD) yr old], visual impairment only (Postural sway (i.e., center-of-pressure) dynamics were assessed during quiet standing and cognitive dual tasking, and a complexity index was quantified using multiscale entropy analysis. Postural sway speed and area, which did not correlate with complexity, were also computed. During quiet standing, the complexity index (mean ± SD) was highest in controls (9.5 ± 1.2) and successively lower in the visual (9.1 ± 1.1), somatosensory (8.6 ± 1.6), and combined (7.8 ± 1.3) impairment groups (P = 0.001). Dual tasking resulted in increased sway speed and area but reduced complexity (P postural sway speed from quiet standing to dual-tasking conditions. Sensory impairments contributed to decreased postural sway complexity, which reflected reduced adaptive capacity of the postural control system. Relatively low baseline complexity may, therefore, indicate control systems that are more vulnerable to cognitive and other stressors.
Kong, Lin; Zhu, Lei; Rao, Changhui
Solar observations are performed over an extended field of view (FoV) and the isoplanatic patch which conventional adaptive optics (AO) provides diffraction limited resolution is a severe limitation. Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) can be used to extend the corrected FoV of AO system. Compared to AO, MCAO which usually utilizes a wide-field Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to control multiple deformable mirrors(DMs) is more complicated. Because the Sun is an extended object, correlation algorithms are applied to detect gradients in solar MCAO system. Moreover, due to the fast evolving daytime seeing conditions and the fact that much science has to be done at visible wavelengths, a very high closed-loop bandwidth is also required. The computation and delay development of the real-time controller (RTC) in solar MCAO system is more challenging than that in night-time MCAO system. This paper reviews the solar MCAO techniques and systems in the world, especially emphasizes the framework and implementation of the RTC. The development of MCAO in China is also introduced. An outlook of the RTC for the solar MCAO system in development is given.
Min WANG; Xiuying WANG; Bing CHEN; Shaocheng TONG
In this paper, the robust adaptive fuzzy tracking control problem is discussed for a class of perturbed strict-feedback nonlinear systems. The fuzzy logic systems in Mamdani type are used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. A design scheme of the robust adaptive fuzzy controller is proposed by use of the backstepping technique. The proposed controller guarantees semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of all the signals in the derived closed-loop system and achieves the good tracking performance. The possible controller singularity problem which may occur in some existing adaptive control schemes with feedback linearization techniques can be avoided. In addition, the number of the on-line adaptive parameters is not more than the order of the designed system. Finally, two simulation examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Chen, Zhenfeng; Ge, Shuzhi Sam; Zhang, Yun; Li, Yanan
This paper presents adaptive neural tracking control for a class of uncertain multiinput-multioutput (MIMO) nonlinear systems in block-triangular form. All subsystems within these MIMO nonlinear systems are of completely nonaffine pure-feedback form and allowed to have different orders. To deal with the nonaffine appearance of the control variables, the mean value theorem is employed to transform the systems into a block-triangular strict-feedback form with control coefficients being couplings among various inputs and outputs. A systematic procedure is proposed for the design of a new singularity-free adaptive neural tracking control strategy. Such a design procedure can remove the couplings among subsystems and hence avoids the possible circular control construction problem. As a consequence, all the signals in the closed-loop system are guaranteed to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Moreover, the outputs of the systems are ensured to converge to a small neighborhood of the desired trajectories. Simulation studies verify the theoretical findings revealed in this paper.
Ho, Kevin; Stomski, Paul J.; Sirota, Mark J.; Tsubota, Kevin
The adaptive optics system design for the W. M. Keck Telescope incorporates over twenty tracking and movable stages on the optical bench. This paper presents a commercial solution for controlling and positioning these stages. It describes the hardware system and the EPICS software interface used to communicate with the off the shelf hardware controllers. It touches on the positional accuracy and repeatability requirements and the selection of hardware to meet those requirements. It examines the cost and packaging issues and tradeoffs between developing custom hardware and software versus commercially available equipment. A method of synchronizing the stages to absolute time for telescope tracking is also presented.
Full Text Available The camera always suffers from image instability on the moving vehicle due to unintentional vibrations caused by road roughness. This article presents an adaptive neural network approach mixed with linear quadratic regulator control for a quarter-car active suspension system to stabilize the image captured area of the camera. An active suspension system provides extra force through the actuator which allows it to suppress vertical vibration of sprung mass. First, to deal with the road disturbance and the system uncertainties, radial basis function neural network is proposed to construct the map between the state error and the compensation component, which can correct the optimal state-feedback control law. The weights matrix of radial basis function neural network is adaptively tuned online. Then, the closed-loop stability and asymptotic convergence performance is guaranteed by Lyapunov analysis. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller effectively suppresses the vibration of the camera and enhances the stabilization of the entire camera, where different excitations are considered to validate the system performance.
Yang, Yee-Pien; Wang, Fu-Cheng; Chang, Hsin-Ping; Ma, Ying-Wei; Weng, Biing-Jyh
This paper proposes a systematic method of system identification and control of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. This fuel cell can be used for low-power communication devices involving complex electrochemical reactions of nonlinear and time-varying dynamic properties. From a system point of view, the dynamic model of PEM fuel cell is reduced to a configuration of two inputs, hydrogen and air flow rates, and two outputs, cell voltage and current. The corresponding transfer functions describe linearized subsystem dynamics with finite orders and time-varying parameters, which are expressed as discrete-time auto-regression moving-average with auxiliary input models for system identification by the recursive least square algorithm. In the experiments, a pseudo-random binary sequence of hydrogen or air flow rate is fed to a single fuel cell device to excite its dynamics. By measuring the corresponding output signals, each subsystem transfer function of reduced order is identified, while the unmodeled, higher-order dynamics and disturbances are described by the auxiliary input term. This provides a basis of adaptive control strategy to improve the fuel cell performance in terms of efficiency, as well as transient and steady state specifications. Simulation shows that adaptive controller is robust to the variation of fuel cell system dynamics, and it has proved promising from the experimental results.
Yang, Yee-Pien; Wang, Fu-Cheng; Ma, Ying-Wei [Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Taiwan); Chang, Hsin-Ping; Weng, Biing-Jyh [Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST), Armaments Bureau, M.N.D. (Taiwan)
This paper proposes a systematic method of system identification and control of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. This fuel cell can be used for low-power communication devices involving complex electrochemical reactions of nonlinear and time-varying dynamic properties. From a system point of view, the dynamic model of PEM fuel cell is reduced to a configuration of two inputs, hydrogen and air flow rates, and two outputs, cell voltage and current. The corresponding transfer functions describe linearized subsystem dynamics with finite orders and time-varying parameters, which are expressed as discrete-time auto-regression moving-average with auxiliary input models for system identification by the recursive least square algorithm. In the experiments, a pseudo-random binary sequence of hydrogen or air flow rate is fed to a single fuel cell device to excite its dynamics. By measuring the corresponding output signals, each subsystem transfer function of reduced order is identified, while the unmodeled, higher-order dynamics and disturbances are described by the auxiliary input term. This provides a basis of adaptive control strategy to improve the fuel cell performance in terms of efficiency, as well as transient and steady state specifications. Simulation shows that adaptive controller is robust to the variation of fuel cell system dynamics, and it has proved promising from the experimental results. (author)
Full Text Available The bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent for a single-machine-infinite bus system with excitation model are carried out by varying the mechanical power, generator damping factor and the exciter gain, from which periodic motions, chaos and the divergence of system are observed respectively. From given parameters and different initial conditions, the coexisting motions are developed in power system. The dynamic behaviors in power system may switch freely between the coexisting motions, which will bring huge security menace to protection operation. Especially, the angle divergences due to the break of stable chaotic oscillation are found which causes the instability of power system. Finally, a new adaptive backstepping sliding mode controller is designed which aims to eliminate the angle divergences and make the power system run in stable orbits. Numerical simulations are illustrated to verify the effectivity of the proposed method.
Min, Fuhong; Wang, Yaoda; Peng, Guangya; Wang, Enrong; Auth, Jane A.
The bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent for a single-machine-infinite bus system with excitation model are carried out by varying the mechanical power, generator damping factor and the exciter gain, from which periodic motions, chaos and the divergence of system are observed respectively. From given parameters and different initial conditions, the coexisting motions are developed in power system. The dynamic behaviors in power system may switch freely between the coexisting motions, which will bring huge security menace to protection operation. Especially, the angle divergences due to the break of stable chaotic oscillation are found which causes the instability of power system. Finally, a new adaptive backstepping sliding mode controller is designed which aims to eliminate the angle divergences and make the power system run in stable orbits. Numerical simulations are illustrated to verify the effectivity of the proposed method.
Full Text Available Various control techniques using Advanced Super-conducting Magnetic Energy Storage (ASMES aimed at improving power system stability have been proposed. As fuzzy controller has proved its value in some applications, the number of investigations employing fuzzy controller with ASMES has been greatly increased over recent period. Nevertheless, it is sometimes difficult to specify the rule base for some plants, or the need can arise for tuning the rule-base parameters if the plant changes. In order to solve such problems the Fuzzy Model Reference Learning Controller (FMRLC is proposed. This paper investigates multi-inputs/multi-outputs FMRLC for time-variant nonlinear system. This provides the motivation for adaptive fuzzy control, whereby the focus is placed on the automatic on-line synthesis and tuning of fuzzy controller parameters (i.e., the use of on-line data for continuous learning of the fuzzy controller which ensures that the performance objectives are met. The simulation results show that the proposed robust controller is able to work with nonlinear power system (i.e., single machine connected at infinite bus, under various fault conditions and significant disturbances.
Full Text Available The task of control of unmanned helicopters is rather complicated in the presence of parametric uncertainties and measurement noises. This paper presents an adaptive model feedback control algorithm for an unmanned helicopter stability augmentation system. The proposed algorithm can achieve a guaranteed model reference tracking performance and speed up the convergence rates of adjustable parameters, even when the plant parameters vary rapidly. Moreover, the model feedback strategy in the algorithm further contributes to the improvement in the control quality of the stability augmentation system in the case of low signal to noise ratios, mainly because the model feedback path is noise free. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated through a series of tests.
Full Text Available An adaptive neural control scheme is proposed for nonaffine nonlinear system without using the implicit function theorem or mean value theorem. The differential conditions on nonaffine nonlinear functions are removed. The control-gain function is modeled with the nonaffine function probably being indifferentiable. Furthermore, only a semibounded condition for nonaffine nonlinear function is required in the proposed method, and the basic idea of invariant set theory is then constructively introduced to cope with the difficulty in the control design for nonaffine nonlinear systems. It is rigorously proved that all the closed-loop signals are bounded and the tracking error converges to a small residual set asymptotically. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed method.
Full Text Available In searching for methods to increase the power capacity of wind power generation system, superconducting synchronous generator (SCSG has appeared to be an attractive candidate to develop large-scale wind turbine due to its high energy density and unprecedented advantages in weight and size. In this paper, a high-temperature superconducting technology based large-scale wind turbine is considered and its physical structure and characteristics are analyzed. A simple yet effective single neuron-adaptive PID control scheme with Delta learning mechanism is proposed for the speed control of SCSG based wind power system, in which the RBF neural network (NN is employed to estimate the uncertain but continuous functions. Compared with the conventional PID control method, the simulation results of the proposed approach show a better performance in tracking the wind speed and maintaining a stable tip-speed ratio, therefore, achieving the maximum wind energy utilization.
Full Text Available When the parameters of both drive and response systems are all unknown, an adaptive sliding mode controller, strongly robust to exotic perturbations, is designed for realizing generalized function projective synchronization. Sliding mode surface is given and the controlled system is asymptotically stable on this surface with the passage of time. Based on the adaptation laws and Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive sliding controller is designed to ensure the occurrence of the sliding motion. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method even when both drive and response systems are perturbed with external disturbances.
Boutalis, Yiannis; Christodoulou, Manolis; Theodoridis, Dimitrios
In this paper, we investigate the indirect adaptive regulation problem of unknown affine in the control nonlinear systems. The proposed approach consists of choosing an appropriate system approximation model and a proper control law, which will regulate the system under the certainty equivalence principle. The main difference from other relevant works of the literature lies in the proposal of a potent approximation model that is bilinear with respect to the tunable parameters. To deploy the bilinear model, the components of the nonlinear plant are initially approximated by Fuzzy subsystems. Then, using appropriately defined fuzzy rule indicator functions, the initial dynamical fuzzy system is translated to a dynamical neuro-fuzzy model, where the indicator functions are replaced by High Order Neural Networks (HONNS), trained by sampled system data. The fuzzy output partitions of the initial fuzzy components are also estimated based on sampled data. This way, the parameters to be estimated are the weights of the HONNs and the centers of the output partitions, both arranged in matrices of appropriate dimensions and leading to a matrix to matrix bilinear parametric model. Based on the bilinear parametric model and the design of appropriate control law we use a Lyapunov stability analysis to obtain parameter adaptation laws and to regulate the states of the system. The weight updating laws guarantee that both the identification error and the system states reach zero exponentially fast, while keeping all signals in the closed loop bounded. Moreover, introducing a method of "concurrent" parameter hopping, the updating laws are modified so that the existence of the control signal is always assured. The main characteristic of the proposed approach is that the a priori experts information required by the identification scheme is extremely low, limited to the knowledge of the signs of the centers of the fuzzy output partitions. Therefore, the proposed scheme is not
Zeeshan Ali Memon
Full Text Available Automotive vehicle following systems are essential for the design of automated highway system. The problem associated with the automatic vehicle following system is the string stability of the platoon of vehicles, i.e. the problem of uniform velocity and spacing errors propagation. Different control algorithm for the longitudinal control of a platoon are discussed based on different spacing policies, communication link among the vehicles of a platoon, and the performance of a platoon have been analysed in the presence of disturbance (noise and parametric uncertainties. This paper presented the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative feedback control algorithm for the longitudinal control of a platoon in the presence of noise signal and investigates the performance of platoon under the influence of sudden acceleration and braking in severe conditions. This model has been applied on 6 vehicles moving in a platoon. The platoon has been analysed to retain the uniform velocity and safe spacing among the vehicles. The limitations of PID control algorithm have been discussed and the alternate methods have been suggested. Model simulations, in comparison with the literature, are also presented.
Full Text Available In modern automobiles, electronic throttle is a DC-motor-driven valve that regulates air inflow into the vehicle’s combustion system. The electronic throttle is increasingly being used in order to improve the vehicle drivability, fuel economy, and emissions. Electronic throttle system has the nonlinear dynamical characteristics with the unknown disturbance and parameters. At first, the dynamical nonlinear model of the electronic throttle is built in this paper. Based on the model and using the backstepping design technique, a new adaptive backstepping sliding-mode controller of the electronic throttle is developed. During the backstepping design process, parameter adaptive law is designed to estimate the unknown parameter, and sliding-mode control term is applied to compensate the unknown disturbance. The proposed controller can make the actual angle of the electronic throttle track its set point with the satisfactory performance. Finally, a computer simulation is performed, and simulation results verify that the proposed control method can achieve favorable tracking performance.
Zhou Ying; Wu Yuqiang
A new output feedback adaptive control scheme for multi-input and multi-output nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainty is presented based on the Nussbaum gain method and the backstepping approach. The high frequency gain matrix of the linear part of the system is not necessarily positive definite, but can be transformed into a lower or upper triangular matrix whose signs of diagonal elements are unknown. The new required condition for the high frequency gain matrix can be easily checked for certain plants so that the proposed method is widely applicable. The global stability of the closed loop systems is guaranteed through this control scheme, at the same time the tracking error converges to zero.
Van Van Huynh
Full Text Available We extend the decentralized output feedback sliding mode control (SMC scheme to stabilize a class of complex interconnected time-delay systems. First, sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities are derived such that the equivalent reduced-order system in the sliding mode is asymptotically stable. Second, based on a new lemma, a decentralized adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the finite time reachability of the system states by using output feedback only. The advantage of the proposed method is that two major assumptions, which are required in most existing SMC approaches, are both released. These assumptions are (1 disturbances are bounded by a known function of outputs and (2 the sliding matrix satisfies a matrix equation that guarantees the sliding mode. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
Full Text Available This paper presents a problem solution of the stable voltage generating in the changing terms of environment for the double-fed induction generator (DFIG. For this, in nonlinear multivariable systems, such as mathematical model of DFIG, the method of observer’s synthesis for external, parametric and structural disturbances was used. This allows, on the basis of disturbances approximation, to carry out an evaluation under conditions of uncertainty, leading to disturbances adaptation with a priori unknown structure. The work presents a synthesis method of control system, allowing to solve indicated problem. Stand-alone wind turbine used as a power plant with DFIG. The control system uses the original nonlinear mathematical model of the DFIG in rotating “dq” coordinates, taking into account non-linear changes in the parameters. To confirm the effectiveness of the problem solution, mathematical computer model was developed. The paper also presents the results of full-scale simulation.
Application of Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Control in Alternative Current Servo System of Rocket Launcher%Application of Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Control in Alternative Current Servo System of Rocket Launcher
郭亚军; 马大为; 王晓峰; 乐贵高
An adaptive backstepping sliding mode control approach is introduced to control the pitch motion of a rocket launcher. Its control law is proposed to guarantee that the control system is ultimately bounded in a Lyapunov sense and make the servo system track the instruction of reference position globally and asymptotically. In addition, the sliding mode control can restrain the effects of parameter uncertainties and external disturbance. The functions of adaptive mechanism and sliding mode control are analyzed through the simulation in the different conditions. The simulation results illustrate that the method is applicable and robust.
Tu, Jianwei; Lin, Xiaofeng; Tu, Bo; Xu, Jiayun; Tan, Dongmei
In the process of sudden natural disasters (such as earthquake or typhoon), the active mass damper (AMD) system can reduce the structural vibration response optimally, which serves as a frequently applied but less mature vibration-reducing technology in wind and earthquake resistance of high-rise buildings. As the core of this technology, the selection of control algorithm is extremely challenging due to the uncertainty of structural parameters and the randomness of external loads. It is not necessary for the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) based on the Minimal Controller Synthesis (MCS) algorithm to know in advance the structural parameters, which produces special advantages in conditions of real-time change of system parameters, uncertain external disturbance, and the nonlinear dynamic system. This paper studies the application of the MRAC into the AMD active control system. The principle of MRAC algorithm is recommended and the dynamic model and the motion differential equation of AMD system based on MRAC is established under seismic excitation. The simulation analysis for linear and nonlinear structures when the structural stiffness is degenerated is performed under AMD system controlled by MRAC algorithm. To verify the validity of the MRAC over the AMD system, experimental tests are carried out on a linear structure and a structure with variable stiffness with the AMD system under seismic excitation on the shake table, and the experimental results are compared with those of the traditional pole assignment control algorithm.
Ahmed Sabah Abdul Ameer Al-Araji
Full Text Available In this paper, a self-tuning adaptive neural controller strategy for unknown nonlinear system is presented. The system considered is described by an unknown NARMA-L2 model and a feedforward neural network is used to learn the model with two stages. The first stage is learned off-line with two configuration serial-parallel model & parallel model to ensure that model output is equal to actual output of the system & to find the jacobain of the system. Which appears to be of critical importance parameter as it is used for the feedback controller and the second stage is learned on-line to modify the weights of the model in order to control the variable parameters that will occur to the system. A back propagation neural network is applied to learn the control structure for self-tuning PID type neuro-controller. Where the neural network is used to minimize the error function by adjusting the PID gains. Simulation results show that the self-tuning PID scheme can deal with a large unknown nonlinearity.
M. de la Sen
Full Text Available This paper presents an indirect adaptive control scheme of continuous-time systems. The estimated plant model is controllable and then the adaptive scheme is free from singularities. Such singularities are avoided through a modification of the estimated plant parameter vector so that its associated Sylvester matrix is guaranteed to be nonsingular. That property is achieved by ensuring that the absolute value of its determinant does not lie below a positive threshold. An alternative modification scheme based on the achievement of a modifieddiagonally dominant Sylvester matrix of the parameter estimates is also proposed. This diagonal dominance is achieved through estimates modification as a way to guarantee the controllability of the modified estimated model when a controllability measure of the estimation model without modification fails. In both schemes, the use of an explicit hysteresis switching function for the modification of the estimates is not required to ensure the controllability of the modified estimated model. Both schemes ensure that chattering due to switches associated with the modification is not present.
Meng, Wenchao; Yang, Qinmin; Sun, Youxian
In this paper, adaptive neural control is investigated for a class of unknown multiple-input multiple-output nonlinear systems with time-varying asymmetric output constraints. To ensure constraint satisfaction, we employ a system transformation technique to transform the original constrained (in the sense of the output restrictions) system into an equivalent unconstrained one, whose stability is sufficient to solve the output constraint problem. It is shown that output tracking is achieved without violation of the output constraint. More specifically, we can shape the system performance arbitrarily on transient and steady-state stages with the output evolving in predefined time-varying boundaries all the time. A single neural network, whose weights are tuned online, is used in our design to approximate the unknown functions in the system dynamics, while the singularity problem of the control coefficient matrix is avoided without assumption on the prior knowledge of control input's bound. All the signals in the closed-loop system are proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded via Lyapunov synthesis. Finally, the merits of the proposed controller are verified in the simulation environment.
Rigatos, Gerasimos G
Observer-based adaptive fuzzy H(infinity) control is proposed to achieve H(infinity) tracking performance for a class of nonlinear systems, which are subject to model uncertainty and external disturbances and in which only a measurement of the output is available. The key ideas in the design of the proposed controller are (i) to transform the nonlinear control problem into a regulation problem through suitable output feedback, (ii) to design a state observer for the estimation of the non-measurable elements of the system's state vector, (iii) to design neuro-fuzzy approximators that receive as inputs the parameters of the reconstructed state vector and give as output an estimation of the system's unknown dynamics, (iv) to use an H(infinity) control term for the compensation of external disturbances and modelling errors, (v) to use Lyapunov stability analysis in order to find the learning law for the neuro-fuzzy approximators, and a supervisory control term for disturbance and modelling error rejection. The control scheme is tested in the cart-pole balancing problem and in a DC-motor model.
Zhang, Ruikun; Hou, Zhongsheng; Ji, Honghai; Yin, Chenkun
In this paper, an adaptive iterative learning control scheme is proposed for a class of non-linearly parameterised systems with unknown time-varying parameters and input saturations. By incorporating a saturation function, a new iterative learning control mechanism is presented which includes a feedback term and a parameter updating term. Through the use of parameter separation technique, the non-linear parameters are separated from the non-linear function and then a saturated difference updating law is designed in iteration domain by combining the unknown parametric term of the local Lipschitz continuous function and the unknown time-varying gain into an unknown time-varying function. The analysis of convergence is based on a time-weighted Lyapunov-Krasovskii-like composite energy function which consists of time-weighted input, state and parameter estimation information. The proposed learning control mechanism warrants a L2[0, T] convergence of the tracking error sequence along the iteration axis. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the adaptive iterative learning control scheme.
A novel output-feedback adaptive learning control approach is developed for a class of linear time-delay systems. Three kinds of uncertainties: time delays, number of time delays, and system parameters are all assumed to be completely unknown, which is different from the previous work. The design procedure includes two steps. First, according to the given periodic desired reference output and the allowed bound of tracking error, a suitable finite Fourier series expansion (FSE) is chosen as a practical reference output to he tracked. Second, by expressing the delayed practical reference output as a known time-varying vector multiplied by an unknown constant vector, we combine three kinds of uncertainties into an unknown constant vector and then estimate the vector by designing an adaptive law. By constructing a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, it is proved that the system output can asymptotically track the practical reference signal An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme developed in this paper.
Wei-Sheng Chen; Rui-Hong Li; Jing Li
An observer-based adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) scheme is developed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown time-varying parameters and unknown time-varying delays. The linear matrix inequality (LMI) method is employed to design the nonlinear observer. The designed controller contains a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback term in time domain. The learning law of unknown constant parameter is differential-difference-type, and the learning law of unknown time-varying parameter is difference-type. It is assumed that the unknown delay-dependent uncertainty is nonlinearly parameterized. By constructing a Lyapunov-Krasovskii-like composite energy function (CEF), we prove the boundedness of all closed-loop signals and the convergence of tracking error. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the control algorithm proposed in this paper.
Sampayan, Stephen E.
Apparatus, systems, and methods that provide an X-ray interrogation system having a plurality of stationary X-ray point sources arranged to substantially encircle an area or space to be interrogated. A plurality of stationary detectors are arranged to substantially encircle the area or space to be interrogated, A controller is adapted to control the stationary X-ray point sources to emit X-rays one at a time, and to control the stationary detectors to detect the X-rays emitted by the stationary X-ray point sources.
Full Text Available This paper addresses chaos suppression of the mechanical centrifugal flywheel governor system with output constraint and fully unknown parameters via adaptive dynamic surface control. To have a certain understanding of chaotic nature of the mechanical centrifugal flywheel governor system and subsequently design its controller, the useful tools like the phase diagrams and corresponding time histories are employed. By using tangent barrier Lyapunov function, a dynamic surface control scheme with neural network and tracking differentiator is developed to transform chaos oscillation into regular motion and the output constraint rule is not broken in whole process. Plugging second-order tracking differentiator into chaos controller tackles the “explosion of complexity” of backstepping and improves the accuracy in contrast with the first-order filter. Meanwhile, Chebyshev neural network with adaptive law whose input only depends on a subset of Chebyshev polynomials is derived to learn the behavior of unknown dynamics. The boundedness of all signals of the closed-loop system is verified in stability analysis. Finally, the results of numerical simulations illustrate effectiveness and exhibit the superior performance of the proposed scheme by comparing with the existing ADSC method.
Luo, Shaohua; Hou, Zhiwei; Zhang, Tao
This paper addresses chaos suppression of the mechanical centrifugal flywheel governor system with output constraint and fully unknown parameters via adaptive dynamic surface control. To have a certain understanding of chaotic nature of the mechanical centrifugal flywheel governor system and subsequently design its controller, the useful tools like the phase diagrams and corresponding time histories are employed. By using tangent barrier Lyapunov function, a dynamic surface control scheme with neural network and tracking differentiator is developed to transform chaos oscillation into regular motion and the output constraint rule is not broken in whole process. Plugging second-order tracking differentiator into chaos controller tackles the "explosion of complexity" of backstepping and improves the accuracy in contrast with the first-order filter. Meanwhile, Chebyshev neural network with adaptive law whose input only depends on a subset of Chebyshev polynomials is derived to learn the behavior of unknown dynamics. The boundedness of all signals of the closed-loop system is verified in stability analysis. Finally, the results of numerical simulations illustrate effectiveness and exhibit the superior performance of the proposed scheme by comparing with the existing ADSC method.
Justesen, Kristian Kjær; Andersen, John; Ehmsen, Mikkel Præstholm
This work presents a stoichiometry control strategy for a reformed methanol fuel cell system, which uses a reformer to produce hydrogen for an HTPEM fuel cell. One such system is the Serenus H3-350 battery charger developed by the Danish company Serenegy® which this work is based on. The poster...
Robust and adaptive control techniques have a rich history of theoretical development with successful application. Despite the accomplishments made, attempts to combine the best elements of each approach into robust adaptive systems has proven challenging, particularly in the area of application to real world aerospace systems. In this research, we investigate design methods for general classes of systems that may be applied to representative aerospace dynamics. By combining robust baseline control design with augmentation designs, our work aims to leverage the advantages of each approach. This research contributes the development of robust model-based control design for two classes of dynamics: 2nd order cascaded systems, and a more general MIMO framework. We present a theoretically justified method for state limiting via augmentation of a robust baseline control design. Through the development of adaptive augmentation designs, we are able to retain system performance in the presence of uncertainties. We include an extension that combines robust baseline design with both state limiting and adaptive augmentations. In addition we develop an adaptive augmentation design approach for a class of dynamic input uncertainties. We present formal stability proofs and analyses for all proposed designs in the research. Throughout the work, we present real world aerospace applications using relevant flight dynamics and flight test results. We derive robust baseline control designs with application to both piloted and unpiloted aerospace system. Using our developed methods, we add a flight envelope protecting state limiting augmentation for piloted aircraft applications and demonstrate the efficacy of our approach via both simulation and flight test. We illustrate our adaptive augmentation designs via application to relevant fixed-wing aircraft dynamics. Both a piloted example combining the state limiting and adaptive augmentation approaches, and an unpiloted example with
Ortega, Romeo; Albertos, Pedro; Lozano, Rogelio
A direct adaptive scheme based on the use of linear time-varying periodic controllers is proposed which estimates online the periodic coefficients of the controller. It is shown that adaptive stabilization is attained for all possibly nonstably invertible plants of known order but unknown delay. Although no appeal is made to persistency of excitation arguments, a provision is needed to avoid the singularity of an estimated matrix, this property being required only for the analysis and not the control calculations.
Sahoo, Avimanyu; Jagannathan, Sarangapani
In this paper, an event-driven stochastic adaptive dynamic programming (ADP)-based technique is introduced for nonlinear systems with a communication network within its feedback loop. A near optimal control policy is designed using an actor-critic framework and ADP with event sampled state vector. First, the system dynamics are approximated by using a novel neural network (NN) identifier with event sampled state vector. The optimal control policy is generated via an actor NN by using the NN identifier and value function approximated by a critic NN through ADP. The stochastic NN identifier, actor, and critic NN weights are tuned at the event sampled instants leading to aperiodic weight tuning laws. Above all, an adaptive event sampling condition based on estimated NN weights is designed by using the Lyapunov technique to ensure ultimate boundedness of all the closed-loop signals along with the approximation accuracy. The net result is event-driven stochastic ADP technique that can significantly reduce the computation and network transmissions. Finally, the analytical design is substantiated with simulation results.
Naus, G.J.L.; Molengraft, R. van de; Ploeg, J.
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) enables automatic following of a preceding vehicle, based on measurements of the inter-vehicle distance xr,i and the relative velocity ˙ xr,i. Commonly, a radar is used for these measurements, see Figure 1. Decreasing the inter-vehicle distance to a small value of only
Justesen, Kristian Kjær; Ehmsen, Mikkel Præstholm; Andersen, John
This work presents the experimental study and modelling of a methanol reformer system for a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell stack. The analyzed system is a fully integrated HTPEM fuel cell system with a DC/DC control output able to be used as e.g. a mobile battery...... charger. The advantages of using a HTPEM methanol reformer is that the high quality waste heat can be used as a system heat input to heat and evaporate the input methanol/water mixture which afterwards is catalytically converted into a hydrogen rich gas usable in the high CO tolerant HTPEM fuel cells....... Creating a fuel cell system able to use a well known and easily distributable liquid fuel such as methanol is a good choice in some applications such as range extenders for electric vehicles as an alternative to compressed hydrogen. This work presents a control strategy called Current Correction...
Li, Tieshan; Li, Zifu; Wang, Dan; Chen, C L Philip
This paper presents an adaptive output-feedback neural network (NN) control scheme for a class of stochastic nonlinear time-varying delay systems with unknown control directions. To make the controller design feasible, the unknown control coefficients are grouped together and the original system is transformed into a new system using a linear state transformation technique. Then, the Nussbaum function technique is incorporated into the backstepping recursive design technique to solve the problem of unknown control directions. Furthermore, under the assumption that the time-varying delays exist in the system output, only one NN is employed to compensate for all unknown nonlinear terms depending on the delayed output. Moreover, by estimating the maximum of NN parameters instead of the parameters themselves, the NN parameters to be estimated are greatly decreased and the online learning time is also dramatically decreased. It is shown that all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded in probability. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by the simulation results.
Emma D. Wilson
Full Text Available The adaptive filter model of the cerebellar microcircuit has been successfully applied to biological motor control problems such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR and to sensory processing problems such as the adaptive cancellation of reafferent noise. It has also been successfully applied to problems in robotics such as adaptive camera stabilisation and sensor noise cancellation. In previous applications to inverse control problems the algorithm was applied to the velocity control of a plant dominated by viscous and elastic elements. Naive application of the adaptive filter model to the displacement (as opposed to velocity control of this plant results in unstable learning and control. To be more generally useful in engineering problems it is essential to remove this restriction to enable the stable control of plants of any order. We address this problem here by developing a biohybrid model reference adaptive control (MRAC scheme, which stabilises the control algorithm for strictly proper plants. We evaluate the performance of this novel cerebellar inspired algorithm with MRAC scheme in the experimental control of a dielectric electroactive polymer, a class of artificial muscle. The results show that the augmented cerebellar algorithm is able to accurately control the displacement response of the artificial muscle. The proposed solution not only greatly extends the practical applicability of the cerebellar-inspired algorithm, but may also shed light on cerebellar involvement in a wider range of biological control tasks.
Wilson, Emma D; Assaf, Tareq; Pearson, Martin J; Rossiter, Jonathan M; Dean, Paul; Anderson, Sean R; Porrill, John
The adaptive filter model of the cerebellar microcircuit has been successfully applied to biological motor control problems, such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and to sensory processing problems, such as the adaptive cancelation of reafferent noise. It has also been successfully applied to problems in robotics, such as adaptive camera stabilization and sensor noise cancelation. In previous applications to inverse control problems, the algorithm was applied to the velocity control of a plant dominated by viscous and elastic elements. Naive application of the adaptive filter model to the displacement (as opposed to velocity) control of this plant results in unstable learning and control. To be more generally useful in engineering problems, it is essential to remove this restriction to enable the stable control of plants of any order. We address this problem here by developing a biohybrid model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme, which stabilizes the control algorithm for strictly proper plants. We evaluate the performance of this novel cerebellar-inspired algorithm with MRAC scheme in the experimental control of a dielectric electroactive polymer, a class of artificial muscle. The results show that the augmented cerebellar algorithm is able to accurately control the displacement response of the artificial muscle. The proposed solution not only greatly extends the practical applicability of the cerebellar-inspired algorithm, but may also shed light on cerebellar involvement in a wider range of biological control tasks.
Zhang, Xiuyu; Lin, Yan
In this article, a robust adaptive neural dynamic surface control is proposed for a class of time-delay nonlinear systems preceded by saturated hystereses. Compared with the present schemes of dealing with time delay and hystereses input, the main advantages of the proposed scheme are that the prespecified transient and steady-state performance of tracking error can be guaranteed, the computational burden can be greatly reduced and the explosion of complexity problem inherent in backstepping control can be eliminated. Moreover, the utilisation of saturated-type Prandtl-Ishlinskii model makes our scheme more applicable. It is proved that the new scheme can guarantee all the closed-loop signals semiglobally uniformly ultimate bounded. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme.
Full Text Available This paper presents a novel fuzzy logic based Adaptive Super-twisting Sliding Mode Controller for the control of dynamic uncertain systems. The proposed controller combines the advantages of Second order Sliding Mode Control, Fuzzy Logic Control and Adaptive Control. The reaching conditions, stability and robustness of the system with the proposed controller are guaranteed. In addition, the proposed controller is well suited for simple design and implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed controller over the first order Sliding Mode Fuzzy Logic controller is illustrated by Matlab based simulations performed on a DC-DC Buck converter. Based on this comparison, the proposed controller is shown to obtain the desired transient response without causing chattering and error under steady-state conditions. The proposed controller is able to give robust performance in terms of rejection to input voltage variations and load variations.
Kumar, Rajesh; Srivastava, Smriti; Gupta, J R P
In this paper adaptive control of nonlinear dynamical systems using diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) is proposed. The structure of DRNN is a modification of fully connected recurrent neural network (FCRNN). Presence of self-recurrent neurons in the hidden layer of DRNN gives it an ability to capture the dynamic behaviour of the nonlinear plant under consideration (to be controlled). To ensure stability, update rules are developed using lyapunov stability criterion. These rules are then used for adjusting the various parameters of DRNN. The responses of plants obtained with DRNN are compared with those obtained when multi-layer feed forward neural network (MLFFNN) is used as a controller. Also, in example 4, FCRNN is also investigated and compared with DRNN and MLFFNN. Robustness of the proposed control scheme is also tested against parameter variations and disturbance signals. Four simulation examples including one-link robotic manipulator and inverted pendulum are considered on which the proposed controller is applied. The results so obtained show the superiority of DRNN over MLFFNN as a controller.
Hashemi, Mahnaz; Ghaisari, Jafar; Askari, Javad
This paper investigates an adaptive controller for a class of Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unknown parameters, bounded time delays and in the presence of unknown time varying actuator failures. The type of considered actuator failure is one in which some inputs may be stuck at some time varying values where the values, times and patterns of the failures are unknown. The proposed approach is constructed based on a backstepping design method. The boundedness of all the closed-loop signals is guaranteed and the tracking errors are proved to converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. The proposed approach is employed for a double inverted pendulums benchmark and a chemical reactor system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Rissland, Edwina; Arbib, Michael
There are some types of complex systems that are built like clockwork, with well-defined parts that interact in well-defined ways, so that the action of the whole can be precisely analyzed and anticipated with accuracy and precision. Some systems are not themselves so well-defined, but they can be modeled in ways that are like trained pilots in well-built planes, or electrolyte balance in healthy humans. But there are many systems for which that is not true; and among them are many whose understanding and control we would value. For example, the model for the trained pilot above fails exactly where the pilot is being most human; that is, where he is exercising the highest levels of judgment, or where he is learning and adapting to new conditions. Again, sometimes the kinds of complexity do not lead to easily analyzable models at all; here we might include most economic systems, in all forms of societies. There are several factors that seem to contribute to systems being hard to model, understand, or control. ...
Wang, Gang; Wang, Chaoli; Du, Qinghui; Cai, Xuan
In this paper, we address the output consensus problem of tracking a desired trajectory for a group of second-order agents on a directed graph with a fixed topology. Each agent is modelled by a second-order non-linear system with unknown non-linear dynamics and unknown non-linear control gains. Only a subset of the agents is given access to the desired trajectory information directly. A distributed adaptive consensus protocol driving all agents to track the desired trajectory is presented using the backstepping technique and approximation technique of Fourier series (FSs). The FS structure is taken not only for tracking the non-linear dynamics but also the unknown portion in the controller design procedure, which can avoid virtual controllers containing the uncertain terms. Stability analysis and parameter convergence of the proposed algorithm are conducted based on the Lyapunov theory and the algebraic graph theory. It is also demonstrated that arbitrary small tracking errors can be achieved by appropriately choosing design parameters. Though the proposed work is applicable for second-order non-linear systems containing unknown non-linear control gains, the proposed controller design can be easily extended to higher-order non-linear systems containing unknown non-linear control gains. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Yang, Yuxiao; Shanechi, Maryam M.
Objective. Design of closed-loop anesthetic delivery (CLAD) systems is an important topic, particularly for medically induced coma, which needs to be maintained for long periods. Current CLADs for medically induced coma require a separate offline experiment for model parameter estimation, which causes interruption in treatment and is difficult to perform. Also, CLADs may exhibit bias due to inherent time-variation and non-stationarity, and may have large infusion rate variations at steady state. Finally, current CLADs lack theoretical performance guarantees. We develop the first adaptive CLAD for medically induced coma, which addresses these limitations. Further, we extend our adaptive system to be generalizable to other states of anesthesia. Approach. We designed general parametric pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and neural observation models with associated guidelines, and derived a novel adaptive controller. We further penalized large steady-state drug infusion rate variations in the controller. We derived theoretical guarantees that the adaptive system has zero steady-state bias. Using simulations that resembled real time-varying and noisy environments, we tested the closed-loop system for control of two different anesthetic states, burst suppression in medically induced coma and unconsciousness in general anesthesia. Main results. In 1200 simulations, the adaptive system achieved precise control of both anesthetic states despite non-stationarity, time-variation, noise, and no initial parameter knowledge. In both cases, the adaptive system performed close to a baseline system that knew the parameters exactly. In contrast, a non-adaptive system resulted in large steady-state bias and error. The adaptive system also resulted in significantly smaller steady-state infusion rate variations compared to prior systems. Significance. These results have significant implications for clinically viable CLAD design for a wide range of anesthetic states, with potential cost
Gao, Yong-Feng; Sun, Xi-Ming; Wen, Changyun; Wang, Wei
This paper is concerned with the problem of adaptive tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with nonsymmetric input saturation and immeasurable states. The radial basis function of neural network (NN) is employed to approximate unknown functions, and an NN state observer is designed to estimate the immeasurable states. To analyze the effect of input saturation, an auxiliary system is employed. By the aid of adaptive backstepping technique, an adaptive tracking control approach is developed. Under the proposed adaptive tracking controller, the boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system is achieved. Moreover, distinct from most of the existing references, the tracking error can be bounded by an explicit function of design parameters and saturation input error. Finally, an example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cameron, S.M.; Stantz, K.M.; Trahan, M.W.; Wagner, J.S.
Comprehensive management of the battle-space has created new requirements in information management, communication, and interoperability as they effect surveillance and situational awareness. The objective of this proposal is to expand intelligent controls theory to produce a uniquely powerful implementation of distributed ground-based measurement incorporating both local collective behavior, and interoperative global optimization for sensor fusion and mission oversight. By using a layered hierarchal control architecture to orchestrate adaptive reconfiguration of autonomous robotic agents, we can improve overall robustness and functionality in dynamic tactical environments without information bottlenecks. In this concept, each sensor is equipped with a miniaturized optical reflectance modulator which is interactively monitored as a remote transponder using a covert laser communication protocol from a remote mothership or operative. Robot data-sharing at the ground level can be leveraged with global evaluation criteria, including terrain overlays and remote imaging data. Information sharing and distributed intelli- gence opens up a new class of remote-sensing applications in which small single-function autono- mous observers at the local level can collectively optimize and measure large scale ground-level signals. AS the need for coverage and the number of agents grows to improve spatial resolution, cooperative behavior orchestrated by a global situational awareness umbrella will be an essential ingredient to offset increasing bandwidth requirements within the net. A system of the type described in this proposal will be capable of sensitively detecting, tracking, and mapping spatial distributions of measurement signatures which are non-stationary or obscured by clutter and inter- fering obstacles by virtue of adaptive reconfiguration. This methodology could be used, for example, to field an adaptive ground-penetrating radar for detection of underground structures in
On the simple continuously variable transmission (CVT) driveline model, the design of adaptive fuzzy control system for CVT vehicle is presented. The adaptive fuzzy control system consists of a scaling factor self-tuning fuzzy-PI throttle controller, and a hybrid fuzzy-PID CVT ratio and brake controller. The presented adaptive fuzzy control strategy is vehicle model independent, which depends only on the instantaneous vehicle states, but does not depend on vehicle parameters. So it has good robustness against uncertain vehicle parameters and exogenous load disturbance. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive fuzzy strategy has good adaptability and practicality value.
Tripp, Alan C.; Walker, James C.
The Sensory Research Institute at the Florida State University has quantitatively characterized a chemical residue detection system with adaptive neural net data processing. Two separate configurations, "Stormy" and "Gaea", were trained by exposure to decreasing amounts of n-amyl acetate from chemical emitters randomly distributed among a collection of non-emitters. The concentration of chemical in the sampled air stream was controlled precisely. The detection threshold for "Stormy" was 1.14 ppt; that for "Gaea" was 1.9 ppt. Cycle time for sampling and chemical analysis of each sample port was on the order of seconds. Possible effects on the sensors of environmental factors such as ambient humidity, temperature, and air velocity were not considered. Besides processing individual air sample data, the neural nets can sense concentration gradients and track to chemical source. The adaptive neural nets are accessed by a voice recognition system and are capable of point testing or free-ranging search. The service life of the detectors, the neural net processors, and auxiliary packaging is approximately 8 years under normal field use. Maintenance requires a good quality kibble and an occasional romp in the park.
Full Text Available The problem of fuzzy-based direct adaptive tracking control is considered for a class of pure-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems. During the controller design, fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the packaged unknown nonlinearities, and then a novel direct adaptive controller is constructed via backstepping technique. It is shown that the proposed controller guarantees that all the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded in probability and the tracking error eventually converges to a small neighborhood around the origin in the sense of mean quartic value. The main advantages lie in that the proposed controller structure is simpler and only one adaptive parameter needs to be updated online. Simulation results are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Trajectory tracking is a critical element for the better functionality of autonomous vehicles. The main objective of this research study was to implement and analyze L1 adaptive control laws for autonomous flight under normal and upset flight conditions. The West Virginia University (WVU) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle flight simulation environment was used for this purpose. A comparison study between the L1 adaptive controller and a baseline conventional controller, which relies on position, proportional, and integral compensation, has been performed for a reduced size jet aircraft, the WVU YF-22. Special attention was given to the performance of the proposed control laws in the presence of abnormal conditions. The abnormal conditions considered are locked actuators (stabilator, aileron, and rudder) and excessive turbulence. Several levels of abnormal condition severity have been considered. The performance of the control laws was assessed over different-shape commanded trajectories. A set of comprehensive evaluation metrics was defined and used to analyze the performance of autonomous flight control laws in terms of control activity and trajectory tracking errors. The developed L1 adaptive control laws are supported by theoretical stability guarantees. The simulation results show that L1 adaptive output feedback controller achieves better trajectory tracking with lower level of control actuation as compared to the baseline linear controller under nominal and abnormal conditions.
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Full Text Available The adaptive stabilization scheme based on tuning function for stochastic nonlinear systems with stochastic integral input-to-state stability (SiISS inverse dynamics is investigated. By combining the stochastic LaSalle theorem and small-gain type conditions on SiISS, an adaptive output feedback controller is constructively designed. It is shown that all the closed-loop signals are bounded almost surely and the stochastic closed-loop system is globally stable in probability.
Wei, Qinglai; Liu, Derong; Lin, Hanquan
In this paper, a value iteration adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is developed to solve infinite horizon undiscounted optimal control problems for discrete-time nonlinear systems. The present value iteration ADP algorithm permits an arbitrary positive semi-definite function to initialize the algorithm. A novel convergence analysis is developed to guarantee that the iterative value function converges to the optimal performance index function. Initialized by different initial functions, it is proven that the iterative value function will be monotonically nonincreasing, monotonically nondecreasing, or nonmonotonic and will converge to the optimum. In this paper, for the first time, the admissibility properties of the iterative control laws are developed for value iteration algorithms. It is emphasized that new termination criteria are established to guarantee the effectiveness of the iterative control laws. Neural networks are used to approximate the iterative value function and compute the iterative control law, respectively, for facilitating the implementation of the iterative ADP algorithm. Finally, two simulation examples are given to illustrate the performance of the present method.
Lin, Hanquan; Wei, Qinglai; Liu, Derong; Ma, Hongwen
In this paper, the consensus problem for leader-following linear multi-agent systems with external disturbances is investigated. Brownian motions are used to describe exogenous disturbances. A distributed tracking controller based on Riccati inequalities with an adaptive law for adjusting coupling weights between neighbouring agents is designed for leader-following multi-agent systems under fixed and switching topologies. In traditional distributed static controllers, the coupling weights depend on the communication graph. However, coupling weights associated with the feedback gain matrix in our method are updated by state errors between neighbouring agents. We further present the stability analysis of leader-following multi-agent systems with stochastic disturbances under switching topology. Most traditional literature requires the graph to be connected all the time, while the communication graph is only assumed to be jointly connected in this paper. The design technique is based on Riccati inequalities and algebraic graph theory. Finally, simulations are given to show the validity of our method.
Full Text Available This paper presents a novel fuzzy logic based Adaptive Super-twisting Sliding Mode Controller for thecontrol of dynamic uncertain systems. The proposed controller combines the advantages of Second orderSliding Mode Control, Fuzzy Logic Control and Adaptive Control. The reaching conditions, stability androbustness of the system with the proposed controller are guaranteed. In addition, the proposed controlleris well suited for simple design and implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed controller over thefirst order Sliding Mode Fuzzy Logic controller is illustrated by Matlab based simulations performed on aDC-DC Buck converter. Based on this comparison, the proposed controller is shown to obtain the desiredtransient response without causing chattering and error under steady-state conditions. The proposedcontroller is able to give robust performance in terms of rejection to input voltage variations and loadvariations
Meng, Yicong; Shi, Bertram E
To support large numbers of model neurons, neuromorphic vision systems are increasingly adopting a distributed architecture, where different arrays of neurons are located on different chips or processors. Spike-based protocols are used to communicate activity between processors. The spike activity in the arrays depends on the input statistics as well as internal parameters such as time constants and gains. In this paper, we investigate strategies for automatically adapting these parameters to maintain a constant firing rate in response to changes in the input statistics. We find that under the constraint of maintaining a fixed firing rate, a strategy based upon updating the gain alone performs as well as an optimal strategy where both the gain and the time constant are allowed to vary. We discuss how to choose the time constant and propose an adaptive gain control mechanism whose operation is robust to changes in the input statistics. Our experimental results on a mobile robotic platform validate the analysis and efficacy of the proposed strategy.
Wang, Huanqing; Liu, Kefu; Liu, Xiaoping; Chen, Bing; Lin, Chong
In this paper, we consider the problem of observer-based adaptive neural output-feedback control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with nonstrict-feedback structure. To overcome the design difficulty from the nonstrict-feedback structure, a variable separation approach is introduced by using the monotonically increasing property of system bounding functions. On the basis of the state observer, and by combining the adaptive backstepping technique with radial basis function neural networks' universal approximation capability, an adaptive neural output feedback control algorithm is presented. It is shown that the proposed controller can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded in the sense of mean quartic value. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Albattat, Ali; Gruenwald, Benjamin C; Yucelen, Tansel
The last decade has witnessed an increased interest in physical systems controlled over wireless networks (networked control systems). These systems allow the computation of control signals via processors that are not attached to the physical systems, and the feedback loops are closed over wireless networks. The contribution of this paper is to design and analyze event-triggered decentralized and distributed adaptive control architectures for uncertain networked large-scale modular systems; that is, systems consist of physically-interconnected modules controlled over wireless networks. Specifically, the proposed adaptive architectures guarantee overall system stability while reducing wireless network utilization and achieving a given system performance in the presence of system uncertainties that can result from modeling and degraded modes of operation of the modules and their interconnections between each other. In addition to the theoretical findings including rigorous system stability and the boundedness analysis of the closed-loop dynamical system, as well as the characterization of the effect of user-defined event-triggering thresholds and the design parameters of the proposed adaptive architectures on the overall system performance, an illustrative numerical example is further provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed decentralized and distributed control approaches.
Chen, Weisheng; Ge, Shuzhi Sam; Wu, Jian; Gong, Maoguo
This paper addresses the problem of globally stable direct adaptive backstepping neural network (NN) tracking control design for a class of uncertain strict-feedback systems under the assumption that the accuracy of the ultimate tracking error is given a priori. In contrast to the classical adaptive backstepping NN control schemes, this paper analyzes the convergence of the tracking error using Barbalat's Lemma via some nonnegative functions rather than the positive-definite Lyapunov functions. Thus, the accuracy of the ultimate tracking error can be determined and adjusted accurately a priori, and the closed-loop system is guaranteed to be globally uniformly ultimately bounded. The main technical novelty is to construct three new n th-order continuously differentiable functions, which are used to design the control law, the virtual control variables, and the adaptive laws. Finally, two simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control method.
This paper mainly studies the model matching problem of multiple-output-delay systems in which the reference model is assigned to a diagonal transfer function matrix.A new model matching controller structure is first developed,and then,it is shown that the controller is feasible if and only if the sets of Diophantine equations have common solutions.The obtained controller allows a parametric representation,which shows that an adaptive scheme can be used to tolerate parameter variations in the plants.The resulting adaptive law can guarantee the global stability of the closed-loop systems and the convergence of the output error.
The hybrid power system (HPS) is an emerging power generation scheme due to the plentiful availability of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are characterized as highly intermittent in nature due to meteorological conditions, while the domestic load also behaves in a quite uncertain manner. In this scenario, to maintain the balance between generation and load, the development of an intelligent and adaptive control algorithm has preoccupied power engineers and researchers. This paper proposes a Hermite wavelet embedded NeuroFuzzy indirect adaptive MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control of photovoltaic (PV) systems to extract maximum power and a Hermite wavelet incorporated NeuroFuzzy indirect adaptive control of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) to obtain a swift response in a grid-connected hybrid power system. A comprehensive simulation testbed for a grid-connected hybrid power system (wind turbine, PV cells, SOFC, electrolyzer, battery storage system, supercapacitor (SC), micro-turbine (MT) and domestic load) is developed in Matlab/Simulink. The robustness and superiority of the proposed indirect adaptive control paradigm are evaluated through simulation results in a grid-connected hybrid power system testbed by comparison with a conventional PI (proportional and integral) control system. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control paradigm. PMID:28329015
Mumtaz, Sidra; Khan, Laiq
The hybrid power system (HPS) is an emerging power generation scheme due to the plentiful availability of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are characterized as highly intermittent in nature due to meteorological conditions, while the domestic load also behaves in a quite uncertain manner. In this scenario, to maintain the balance between generation and load, the development of an intelligent and adaptive control algorithm has preoccupied power engineers and researchers. This paper proposes a Hermite wavelet embedded NeuroFuzzy indirect adaptive MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control of photovoltaic (PV) systems to extract maximum power and a Hermite wavelet incorporated NeuroFuzzy indirect adaptive control of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) to obtain a swift response in a grid-connected hybrid power system. A comprehensive simulation testbed for a grid-connected hybrid power system (wind turbine, PV cells, SOFC, electrolyzer, battery storage system, supercapacitor (SC), micro-turbine (MT) and domestic load) is developed in Matlab/Simulink. The robustness and superiority of the proposed indirect adaptive control paradigm are evaluated through simulation results in a grid-connected hybrid power system testbed by comparison with a conventional PI (proportional and integral) control system. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control paradigm.
Wu, Li-Bing; Yang, Guang-Hong
This paper investigates the problem of adaptive output neural network (NN) control for a class of stochastic nonaffine and nonlinear systems with actuator dead-zone inputs. First, based on the intermediate value theorem, a novel design scheme that converts the nonaffine system into the corresponding affine system is developed. In particular, the priori knowledge of the bound of the derivative of the nonaffine and nonlinear functions is removed; then, by employing NNs to approximate the appropriate nonlinear functions, the corresponding adaptive NN tracking controller with the adjustable parameter updated laws is designed through a backstepping technique. Furthermore, it is shown that all the closed-loop signals are bounded in probability, and the system output tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood in the sense of a mean quartic value. Finally, experimental simulations are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed adaptive NN tracking control method.
ZHANG You-wang; GUI Wei-hua
Based on consideration of the differential relations between the immeasurable variables and measurable variables in electro-hydraulic servo system, adaptive dynamic recurrent fuzzy neural networks(ADRFNNs) were employed to identify the primary uncertainty and the mathematic model of the system was turned into an equivalent linear model with terms of secondary uncertainty. At the same time, gain adaptive sliding mode variable structure control(GASMVSC) was employed to synthesize the control effort. The results show that the unrealization problem caused by some system's immeasurable state variables in traditional fuzzy neural networks(TFNN) taking all state variables as its inputs is overcome. On the other hand, the identification by the ADRFNNs online with high accuracy and the adaptive function of the correction term's gain in the GASMVSC make the system possess strong robustness and improved steady accuracy, and the chattering phenomenon of the control effort is also suppressed effectively.
A novel tire-road adaptive model in longitude direction to formulate the dynamic characteristic between tire and road is proposed in this paper, based on this model, a new adaptive approach of road condition identification is presented to identify the model's parameters on-line in order to improve the performance of anti-slip regulation system(ASR). The optimal slip is determined by using the drive wheel's slip and longitude traction force in ASR before the slipping of the drive wheel. Co-simulation is done based on the model for JETTA GTX building with ADAMS/CAR and Matlab, and results show that the adaptive model accords with Pacejka model very well. This adaptive model has simpler form, less number of parameters and higher adaptability than usual, and the new identification approach has a small amounts of operation, which is very suitful for ASR.
Eom, Hwisoo; Lee, Sang Hun
A majority of recently developed advanced vehicles have been equipped with various automated driver assistance systems, such as adaptive cruise control (ACC) and lane keeping assistance systems. ACC systems have several operational modes, and drivers can be unaware of the mode in which they are operating. Because mode confusion is a significant human error factor that contributes to traffic accidents, it is necessary to develop user interfaces for ACC systems that can reduce mode confusion. To meet this requirement, this paper presents a new human-automation interaction design methodology in which the compatibility of the machine and interface models is determined using the proposed criteria, and if the models are incompatible, one or both of the models is/are modified to make them compatible. To investigate the effectiveness of our methodology, we designed two new interfaces by separately modifying the machine model and the interface model and then performed driver-in-the-loop experiments. The results showed that modifying the machine model provides a more compact, acceptable, effective, and safe interface than modifying the interface model. PMID:26076406
陈士华; 赵立民; 刘杰
A systematic design process of adaptive synchronization and parameter identification of an uncertain Chen chaotic system is provided. With this new and effective method, parameter identification and synchronization of the Chen system, with all the system parameters unknown, can be achieved simultaneously. Theoretical proof and numerical simulation demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Hinnen, K.; Verhaegen, M.; Doelman, N.
Even though the wavefront distortion introduced by atmospheric turbulence is a dynamic process, its temporal evolution is usually neglected in the adaptive optics (AO) control design. Most AO control systems consider only the spatial correlation in a separate wavefront reconstruction step. By accoun
Guo, Yougui; Zeng, Ping; Li, Lijuan
Adaptive hysteresis band current control(AHB CC) is used to control the three-phase grid currents by means of grid side converter in wind power generation system in this paper. AHB has reached the good purpose with PLL (Lock phase loop). First the mathematical models of each part are given...
Full Text Available Combining adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control with fuzzy or variable universe fuzzy switching technique, this study develops two novel direct adaptive schemes for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems with uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed control schemes consist of fuzzy equivalent control terms, fuzzy switching control terms (in scheme one or variable universe fuzzy switching control terms (in scheme two, and compensation control terms. The compensation control terms are used to relax the assumption on fuzzy approximation error. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the parameters update laws are adaptively tuned online and the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed. The major contribution of this study is to develop a novel framework for designing direct adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control scheme facing model uncertainties and external disturbances. The derived schemes can effectively solve the chattering problem and the equivalent control calculation in that environment. Simulation results performed on a two-link robotic manipulator demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control schemes.
Őri, Zsolt P
A mathematical model has been developed to facilitate indirect measurements of difficult to measure variables of the human energy metabolism on a daily basis. The model performs recursive system identification of the parameters of the metabolic model of the human energy metabolism using the law of conservation of energy and principle of indirect calorimetry. Self-adaptive models of the utilized energy intake prediction, macronutrient oxidation rates, and daily body composition changes were created utilizing Kalman filter and the nominal trajectory methods. The accuracy of the models was tested in a simulation study utilizing data from the Minnesota starvation and overfeeding study. With biweekly macronutrient intake measurements, the average prediction error of the utilized carbohydrate intake was -23.2 ± 53.8 kcal/day, fat intake was 11.0 ± 72.3 kcal/day, and protein was 3.7 ± 16.3 kcal/day. The fat and fat-free mass changes were estimated with an error of 0.44 ± 1.16 g/day for fat and -2.6 ± 64.98 g/day for fat-free mass. The daily metabolized macronutrient energy intake and/or daily macronutrient oxidation rate and the daily body composition change from directly measured serial data are optimally predicted with a self-adaptive model with Kalman filter that uses recursive system identification.
Shen Qikun; Zhang Tianping
The problem of adaptive fuzzy control for a class of large-scale, time-delayed systems with unknown nonlinear dead-zone is discussed here. Based on the principle of variable structure control, a design scheme of adaptive, decentralized, variable structure control is proposed. The approach removes the conditions that the dead-zone slopes and boundaries are equal and symmetric, respectively. In addition, it does not require that the assumptions that all parameters of the nonlinear dead-zone model and the lumped uncertainty are known constants. The adaptive compensation terms of the approximation errors are adopted to minimize the influence of modeling errors and parameter estimation errors. By theoretical analysis, the closed-loop control system is proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, with tracking errors converging to zero. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Wang, Huanqing; Chen, Bing; Liu, Kefu; Liu, Xiaoping; Lin, Chong
This paper considers the problem of adaptive neural control of stochastic nonlinear systems in nonstrict-feedback form with unknown backlash-like hysteresis nonlinearities. To overcome the design difficulty of nonstrict-feedback structure, variable separation technique is used to decompose the unknown functions of all state variables into a sum of smooth functions of each error dynamic. By combining radial basis function neural networks' universal approximation capability with an adaptive backstepping technique, an adaptive neural control algorithm is proposed. It is shown that the proposed controller guarantees that all the signals in the closed-loop system are four-moment semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error eventually converges to a small neighborhood of the origin in the sense of mean quartic value. Simulation results further show the effectiveness of the presented control scheme.
Hameed, Ibrahim; El-Madbouly, E I; Abdo, M I
the recovery of closed-loop stability and the tracking of constant reference inputs. A configurable self-tuning state-feedback fuzzy-PI controller is used to correct faulty performance. The activeness of the proposed scheme has justified by simulation results on multi-input multi-output nonlinear greenhouse...
Wei GUAN; Guanghong YANG
This paper studies the problem of designing adaptive fault-tolerant controllers for linear time-invariant systems with actuator saturation.New methods for designing indirect adaptive fault-tolerant controllers via state feedback are presented for actuator fault compensations.Based on the on-line estimation of eventual faults,the adaptive fault-tolerant controller parameters are updating automatically to compensate the fault effects on systems.The designs are developed in the framework of linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach,which can enlarge the domain of attraction of closed-loop systems in the cases of actuator saturation and actuator failures.Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the design method.
Roth, E; Scott, R; Deutsch, S; Kuper, S; Schmidt, V; Stilson, M; Wampler, J
Military command and control (C2) organizations are complex socio-technical systems which must constantly adapt to meet changing operational requirements. We describe our experiences in developing a work-centred support system (WCSS) to aid weather forecasting and monitoring in a military airlift C2 organization as an illustrative case. As part of the development process we conducted field observations both before and after introduction of the WCSS in their operations centre. A striking finding was the constant changes that operations personnel faced (changes in goals and priorities, changes in scale of operations, changes in team roles and structure, and changes in information sources and systems). We describe the changes in workplace demands that we observed and the modifications we needed to make to the WCSS in response. For today's fielded systems, it is seldom possible to make changes that are responsive to users' changing requirements in a timely manner. We argue for the need to incorporate facilities that enable users to adapt their systems to the changing requirements of work and point to some promising directions towards evolvable work-centred support systems.
Li, Yongming; Tong, Shaocheng
This paper proposes an fuzzy adaptive output-feedback stabilization control method for nonstrict feedback uncertain switched nonlinear systems. The controlled system contains unmeasured states and unknown nonlinearities. First, a switched state observer is constructed in order to estimate the unmeasured states. Second, a variable separation approach is introduced to solve the problem of nonstrict feedback. Third, fuzzy logic systems are utilized to identify the unknown uncertainties, and an adaptive fuzzy output feedback stabilization controller is set up by exploiting the backstepping design principle. At last, by applying the average dwell time method and Lyapunov stability theory, it is proven that all the signals in the closed-loop switched system are bounded, and the system output converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Two examples are given to further show the effectiveness of the proposed switched control approach.
This paper is concerned with the adaptive stabilization problem of uncertain input delayed systems.A solution to this problem is given for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with time-varying delays in both state and input.An adaptive asymptotically stabilizing controller,which can guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system and the convergence of the original system state,is designed by means of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional stability theory combined with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) an...
parameters in order to review non. output regulation problem is reviewed and the robust- linear regulator theory in the absence of uncertainty. ness of...system is then rameter uncertainty in the nonlinear output regulation problem ., Recent work by Isidori and Byrnes [1) has z = f(z,9’)+g(z,9)u+p(:,9)w
Miyamoto, Hiroyuki; Ohmori, Hiromitsu
This work considers an adaptive servosystem design for a class of nonlinear systems that can be transformed into a canonical form. Although our proposed compensator is based on nonlinear internal model principle, overall control system structure adopts plug-in manner, i.e. the compensator to achieve tracking and disturbance rejection is placed outside the existed feedback controller. Moreover such compensator can be designed by solving error feedback nonlinear regulation problem and by using recursive procedure. An adaptation mechanism is introduced to cope with the unknown parameters of exosystem.
Arefi, Mohammad Mehdi; Jahed-Motlagh, Mohammad Reza; Karimi, Hamid Reza
In this paper, first, an adaptive neural network (NN) state-feedback controller for a class of nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties is proposed. By using a radial basis function NN (RBFNN), a bound of unknown nonlinear functions is approximated so that no information about the upper bound of mismatched uncertainties is required. Then, an observer-based adaptive controller based on RBFNN is designed to stabilize uncertain nonlinear systems with immeasurable states. The state-feedback and observer-based controllers are based on Lyapunov and strictly positive real-Lyapunov stability theory, respectively, and it is shown that the asymptotic convergence of the closed-loop system to zero is achieved while maintaining bounded states at the same time. The presented methods are more general than the previous approaches, handling systems with no restriction on the dimension of the system and the number of inputs. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods in the stabilization of mismatched nonlinear systems.
Smith, Malcolm; Kerley, Dan; Chapin, Edward L.; Dunn, Jennifer; Herriot, Glen; Véran, Jean-Pierre; Boyer, Corinne; Ellerbroek, Brent; Gilles, Luc; Wang, Lianqi
Prototyping and benchmarking was performed for the Real-Time Controller (RTC) of the Narrow Field InfraRed Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS). To perform wavefront correction, NFIRAOS utilizes two deformable mirrors (DM) and one tip/tilt stage (TTS). The RTC receives wavefront information from six Laser Guide Star (LGS) Shack- Hartmann WaveFront Sensors (WFS), one high-order Natural Guide Star Pyramid WaveFront Sensor (PWFS) and multiple low-order instrument detectors. The RTC uses this information to determine the commands to send to the wavefront correctors. NFIRAOS is the first light AO system for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). The prototyping was performed using dual-socket high performance Linux servers with the real-time (PREEMPT_RT) patch and demonstrated the viability of a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware approach to large scale AO reconstruction. In particular, a large custom matrix vector multiplication (MVM) was benchmarked which met the required latency requirements. In addition all major inter-machine communication was verified to be adequate using 10Gb and 40Gb Ethernet. The results of this prototyping has enabled a CPU-based NFIRAOS RTC design to proceed with confidence and that COTS hardware can be used to meet the demanding performance requirements.
Kodejska, Milos; Linhart, Vaclav; Vaclavik, Jan; Sluka, Tomas
An adaptive system for the suppression of vibration transmission using a single piezoelectric actuator shunted by a negative capacitance circuit is presented. It is known that using negative capacitance shunt, the spring constant of piezoelectric actuator can be controlled to extreme values of zero or infinity. Since the value of spring constant controls a force transmitted through an elastic element, it is possible to achieve a reduction of transmissibility of vibrations through a piezoelectric actuator by reducing its effective spring constant. The narrow frequency range and broad frequency range vibration isolation systems are analyzed, modeled, and experimentally investigated. The problem of high sensitivity of the vibration control system to varying operational conditions is resolved by applying an adaptive control to the circuit parameters of the negative capacitor. A control law that is based on the estimation of the value of effective spring constant of shunted piezoelectric actuator is presented. An ...
Wang, Xingjian; Wang, Shaoping
In this study, the adaptive output feedback control problem of a class of nonlinear systems preceded by non-symmetric dead-zone is considered. To cope with the possible control signal chattering phenomenon which is caused by non-smooth dead-zone inverse, a new smooth inverse is proposed for non-symmetric dead-zone compensation. For the systematic design procedure of the adaptive fuzzy control algorithm, we combine the backstepping technique and small-gain approach. The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate unknown system nonlinearities. The closed-loop stability is studied by using small gain theorem and the closed-loop system is proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results indicate that, compared to the algorithm with the non-smooth inverse, the proposed control strategy can achieve better tracking performance and the chattering phenomenon can be avoided effectively.
in , we also applied the concept of zero dynamics to the problem of exact linearization of a nonlinear control system by dynamic feedback. Exact ...nonlinear systems, although it was well-known that the conditions for exact linearization are very stringent and consequently do not apply to a broad...29th IEEE Conference n Decision and Control, Invited Paper delivered by Dr. Gilliam. Exact Linearization of Zero Dynamics, 29th IEEE Conference on
Tian-Ping Zhang; Cai-Ying Zhou; Qing Zhu
In this paper, adaptive variable structure neural control is presented for a class of uncertain multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with state time-varying delays and unknown nonlincar dead-zones. The unknown time-varying delay uncertainties are compensated for using appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals in the design. The approach removes the assumption of linear function outside the deadband without necessarily constructing a dead-zone inverse as an added contribution. By utilizing the integral-type Lyapunov function and introducing an adaptive compensation term for the uppcr bound of the residual and optimal approximation error as well as the dead-zone disturbance, the closed-loop control system is proved to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded. In addition, a modified adaptive control algorithm is given in order to avoid the high-frequency chattering phenomenon. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Li Shu; Zhuo Jiashou; Ren Qingwen
In this paper, an optimal criterion is presented for adaptive Kalman filter in a control sys tem with unknown variances of stochastic vibration by constructing a function of noise variances and minimizing the function. We solve the model and measure variances by using DFP optimal method to guarantee the results of Kalman filter to be optimized. Finally, the control of vibration can be implemented by LQG method.
Li, Yongming; Tong, Shaocheng
In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy output constrained control design approach is addressed for multi-input multioutput uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems in nonstrict-feedback form. The nonlinear systems addressed in this paper possess unstructured uncertainties, unknown gain functions and unknown stochastic disturbances. Fuzzy logic systems are utilized to tackle the problem of unknown nonlinear uncertainties. The barrier Lyapunov function technique is employed to solve the output constrained problem. In the framework of backstepping design, an adaptive fuzzy control design scheme is constructed. All the signals in the closed-loop system are proved to be bounded in probability and the system outputs are constrained in a given compact set. Finally, the applicability of the proposed controller is well carried out by a simulation example.
Full Text Available For reducing the steady state speed ripple, especially in high performance speed servo system applications, the steady state precision is more and more important for real servo systems. This paper investigates the steady state speed ripple periodic disturbance problem for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM servo system; a fuzzy adaptive repetitive controller is designed in the speed loop based on repetitive control and fuzzy information theory for reducing periodic disturbance. Firstly, the various sources of the PMSM speed ripple problem are described and analyzed. Then, the mathematical model of PMSM is given. Subsequently, a fuzzy adaptive repetitive controller based on repetitive control and fuzzy logic control is designed for the PMSM speed servo system. In addition, the system stability analysis is also deduced. Finally, the simulation and experiment implementation are respectively based on the MATLAB/Simulink and TMS320F2808 of Texas instrument company, DSP (digital signal processor hardware platform. Comparing to the proportional integral (PI controller, simulation and experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy adaptive repetitive controller has better periodic disturbance rejection ability and higher steady state precision.
Ardekani, Iman Tabatabaei; Abdulla, Waleed H
The stability analysis of the adaptation process, performed by the filtered-x least mean square algorithm on weights of active noise controllers, has not been fully investigated. The main contribution of this paper is conducting a theoretical stability analysis for this process without utilizing commonly used simplifying assumptions regarding the secondary electro-acoustic channel. The core of this analysis is based on the root locus theory. The general rules for constructing the root locus plot of the adaptation process are derived by obtaining root locus parameters, including start points, end points, asymptote lines, and breakaway points. The conducted analysis leads to the derivation of a general upper-bound for the adaptation step-size beyond which the mean weight vector of the active noise controller becomes unstable. Also, this analysis yields the optimum step-size for which the adaptive active noise controller has its fastest dynamic performance. The proposed upper-bound and optimum values apply to general secondary electro-acoustic channels, unlike the commonly used ones which apply to only pure delay channels. The results are found to agree very well with those obtained from numerical analyses and computer simulation experiments.
Papp, Z.; Driessen, B.J.F.
The paper presents an adaptive nonlinear (state-) feedback control structure, where the nonlinearities are implemented as smooth fuzzy mappings defined as rule sets. The fine tuning and adaption of the controller is realized by an indirect adaptive scheme, which modifies the parameters of the fuzzy
adaptive optics work at the NPS has been applied primarily to vibration control and segment alignment for flexible space telescopes and segmented mirror...a Fourier filter in the form of an iris or aperture stop is placed in the beam to select either the +1 or -1 diffractive order to propagate through...optical components on the table include lenses, mirrors, aperture stops, beamsplitters, and filters which reimage the system pupil plane and
Yang, Yang; Yue, Dong; Yuan, Deming
Considering interconnections among subsystems, we propose an adaptive neural tracking control scheme for a class of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) non-affine pure-feedback time-delay nonlinear systems with input saturation. Neural networks (NNs) are employed to approximate unknown functions in the design procedure, and the separation technology is introduced here to tackle the problem induced from unknown time-delay items. The adaptive neural tracking control scheme is constructed by combining Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals, NNs, the auxiliary system, the implicit function theory and the mean value theorem along with the dynamic surface control technique. Also, it is proven that the strategy guarantees tracking errors converge to a small neighbourhood around the origin by appropriate choice of design parameters and all signals in the closed-loop system uniformly ultimately bounded. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Davis, L C
Mixed traffic flow consisting of vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and manually driven vehicles is analyzed using car-following simulations. Unlike simulations that show suppression of jams due to increased string stability, simulations of merging from an on-ramp onto a freeway have not thus far demonstrated a substantial positive impact of ACC. In this paper cooperative merging is proposed to increase throughput and increase distance traveled in a fixed time (reduce travel times). In such a system an ACC vehicle senses not only the preceding vehicle in the same lane but also the vehicle immediately in front in the opposite lane. Prior to reaching the merge region, the ACC vehicle adjusts its velocity to ensure that a safe gap for merging is obtained. If on-ramp demand is moderate, partial implementation of cooperative merging where only main line ACC vehicles react to an on-ramp vehicle is effective. Significant improvement in throughput (18%) and increases up to 3 km in distance traveled ...
Davis, L. C.
Mixed traffic flow consisting of vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC) and manually driven vehicles is analyzed using car-following simulations. Simulations of merging from an on-ramp onto a freeway reported in the literature have not thus far demonstrated a substantial positive impact of ACC. In this paper cooperative merging for ACC vehicles is proposed to improve throughput and increase distance traveled in a fixed time. In such a system an ACC vehicle senses not only the preceding vehicle in the same lane but also the vehicle immediately in front in the other lane. Prior to reaching the merge region, the ACC vehicle adjusts its velocity to ensure that a safe gap for merging is obtained. If on-ramp demand is moderate, cooperative merging produces significant improvement in throughput (20%) and increases up to 3.6 km in distance traveled in 600 s for 50% ACC mixed flow relative to the flow of all-manual vehicles. For large demand, it is shown that autonomous merging with cooperation in the flow of all ACC vehicles leads to throughput limited only by the downstream capacity, which is determined by speed limit and headway time.
Full Text Available This paper suggests an idea to design an adaptive PID controller for Non-linear liquid tank System and is implemented in PLC. Online estimation of linear parameters (Time constant and Gain brings an exact model of the process to take perfect control action. Based on these estimated values, the controller parameters will be well tuned by internal model control. Internal model control is an unremarkably used technique and provides well tuned controller in order to have a good controlling process. PLC with its ability to have both continues control for PID Control and digital control for fault diagnosis which ascertains faults in the system and provides alerts about the status of the entire process.
Kumar Vishal; Saurabh K Agrawal; Subir Das
In this paper, we have discussed the local stability of the Mathieu–van der Pol hyperchaotic system with the fractional-order derivative. The fractional Routh–Hurwitz stability conditions were provided and were used to discuss the stability. Feedback control method was used to control chaos in the Mathieu–van der Pol system with fractional-order derivative and after controlling the chaotic behaviour of the system the synchronization between the fractional-order hyperchaotic Mathieu–van der Pol system and controlled system was introduced. In this study, modified adaptive control methods with uncertain parameters at various equilibrium points were used. Also the analysis of control time with respect to different fractional-order derivatives is the key feature of this paper. Numerical simulation results achieved using Adams–Boshforth–Moulton method show that the method is effective and reliable.
Chen, Qiang; Ren, Xuemei; Oliver, Jesus Angel
In this paper, an identifier-based adaptive neural dynamic surface control (IANDSC) is proposed for the uncertain DC-DC buck converter system with input constraint. Based on the analysis of the effect of input constraint in the buck converter, the neural network compensator is employed to ensure the controller output within the permissible range. Subsequently, the constrained adaptive control scheme combined with the neural network compensator is developed for the buck converter with uncertain load current. In this scheme, a newly presented finite-time identifier is utilized to accelerate the parameter tuning process and to heighten the accuracy of parameter estimation. By utilizing the adaptive dynamic surface control (ADSC) technique, the problem of "explosion of complexity" inherently in the traditional adaptive backstepping design can be overcome. The proposed control law can guarantee the uniformly ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system via Lyapunov synthesis. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Anass Ait Laachir
Full Text Available This work presents an intelligent approach to the improvement and optimization of control performance of a photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracking based on fuzzy logic control. This control was compared with the conventional control based on Perturb &Observe algorithm. The results obtained in Matlab/Simulink under different conditions show a marked improvement in the performance of fuzzy control MPPT of the PV system.
De-yuan MENG; Guo-liang TAO; Ai-min LI; Wei LI
We investigate motion synchronization of dual-cylinder pneumatic servo systems and develop an adaptive robust synchronization controller. The proposed controller incorporates the cross-coupling technology into the integrated direct/indirect adaptive robust control (DIARC) architecture by feeding back the coupled position errors, which are formed by the trajectory tracking errors of two cylinders and the synchronization error between them. The controller employs an online recursive least squares estimation algorithm to obtain accurate estimates of model parameters for reducing the extent of parametric uncertainties, and uses a robust control law to attenuate the effects of parameter estimation errors, unmodeled dynamics, and disturbances. Therefore, asymptotic convergence to zero of both trajectory tracking and synchronization errors can be guaranteed. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Ma, Zhiqiang; Sun, Guanghui
This paper proposes a novel adaptive hierarchical sliding mode control for the attitude regulation of the multi-satellite inline tethered system, where the input saturation is taken into account. The governing equations for the attitude dynamics of the three-satellite inline tethered system are derived firstly by utilizing Lagrangian mechanics theory. Considering the fact that the attitude of the central satellite can be adjusted by using the simple exponential stabilization scheme, the decoupling of the central satellite and the terminal ones is presented, and in addition, the new adaptive sliding mode control law is applied to stabilize the attitude dynamics of the two terminal satellites based on the synchronization and partial contraction theory. In the adaptive hierarchical sliding mode control design, the input is modeled as saturated input due to the fact that the flywheel torque is bounded, and meanwhile, an adaptive update rate is introduced to eliminate the effect of the saturated input and the external perturbation. The proposed control scheme can be applied on the two-satellite system to achieve fixed-point rotation. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Li, Xiao-Jian; Yang, Guang-Hong
This paper is concerned with the adaptive decentralized fault-tolerant tracking control problem for a class of uncertain interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown strong interconnections. An algebraic graph theory result is introduced to address the considered interconnections. In addition, to achieve the desirable tracking performance, a neural-network-based robust adaptive decentralized fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is given to compensate the actuator faults and system uncertainties. Furthermore, via the Lyapunov analysis method, it is proven that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop system are semiglobally bounded, and the tracking errors of each subsystem exponentially converge to a compact set, whose radius is adjustable by choosing different controller design parameters. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed FTC approach are illustrated with two simulated examples.
Berghuis, Harry; Ortega, Romeo; Nijmeijer, Henk
A globally convergent adaptive control scheme for robot motion control with the following features is proposed. First, the adaptation law possesses enhanced robustness with respect to noisy velocity measurements. Second, the controller does not require the inclusion of high gain loops that may excit
Luo, Jie; Cao, Chengyu; Yang, Qinmin
In this article, an extension of the ℒ1 adaptive control design is introduced for a class of non-affine Multi-Input Multi-Output nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and unmeasured states. The system dynamics is represented in the normal form with the bounded-input-bounded-output internal dynamics. At first, a stable virtual reference counterpart is constructed. Thereafter, a piece-wise continuous adaptive law is introduced to the actual system along with a low-pass filtered control signal that allows for achieving arbitrarily close tracking of the input and the output signals of the reference system. Rigorous mathematical proof is provided, and the theoretical results are verified with the simulation.
Full Text Available The tracking control problem of uncertain nonlinear time-delay systems with unknown dead-zone input is tackled by a robust adaptive fuzzy control scheme. Because the nonlinear gain function and the uncertainties of the controlled system including matched and unmatched uncertainties are supposed to be unknown, fuzzy logic systems are employed to approximate the nonlinear gain function and the upper bounded functions of these uncertainties. Moreover, the upper bound of the uncertainty caused by the fuzzy modeling error is also estimated. According to these learning fuzzy models and some feasible adaptive laws, a robust adaptive fuzzy tracking controller is developed in this paper without constructing the dead-zone inverse. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, the proposed controller not only guarantees that the robust stability of the whole closed-loop system in the presence of uncertainties and unknown dead-zone input can be achieved, but it also obtains that the output tracking error can converge to a neighborhood of zero exponentially. Some simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed approach.
Adaptive structures with controllable geometries and shapes are rather useful in many engineering applications, such as adaptive wings, variable focus mirrors, adaptive machines, micro-electromechanical systems, etc. Dynamics and feedback control effectiveness of adaptive shells whose curvatures are actively controlled and continuously changed are evaluated. An adaptive piezoelectric laminated cylindrical shell composite with continuous curvature changes is studied, and its natural frequencie...
Thawar T. Arif
The minimal controller synthesis (MCS) is an extension of the hyperstable model reference adaptive control algorithm. The aim of minimal controller synthesis is to achieve excellent closed-loop control despite the presence of plant parameter variations, external disturbances, dynamic coupling within the plant and plant nonlinearities. The minimal controller synthesis algorithm was successfully applied to the problem of decentralized adaptive schemes. The decentralized minimal controller synthesis adaptive control strategy for controlling the attitude of a rigid body satellite is adopted in this paper. A model reference adaptive control strategy which uses one single three-axis slew is proposed for the purpose of controlling the attitude of a rigid body satellite. The simulation results are excellent and show that the controlled system is robust against disturbances.
Kamaldar, Mohammadreza; Hoagg, Jesse B.
This paper presents an adaptive harmonic steady-state (AHSS) controller, which addresses the problem of rejecting sinusoids with known frequencies that act on a completely unknown multi-input multi-output linear time-invariant system. We analyze the stability and closed-loop performance of AHSS for single-input single-output systems. In this case, we show that AHSS asymptotically rejects disturbances.
Meah, Kala [Electrical and Computer Engineering, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA 17405 (United States); Ula, A.H.M. Sadrul [Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 (United States)
This paper proposes a new control scheme for multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems to improve the performance during the system transients such as AC line faults. The new method is called parallel multi-proportional-integral (MPI) control scheme. This new control scheme provides wide range of controller parameters and has the ability to response quickly. To evaluate the performance of the proposed control scheme, a four-terminal HVDC system is considered with the detailed modeling of converters, commutation transformers, source impedances, line parameters, and filters. Simulation results from various transient conditions are compared between the proposed controller, the fuzzy logic-based auto-tuning PI controller, and the conventional fixed-parameter PI controller. The SimPowerSystems and the fuzzy logic toolboxes in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software package are used to conduct the simulations. Simulation results show that the MPI controller has better performance than the conventional fixed-parameter PI controller and has very similar responses compared to the fuzzy logic-based auto-tuning PI controller without any added complexity in controller design procedure for a MTDC system. (author)
Chai Lin; Cheng Ming; Fei Shumin; Zhai Junyong
The memory state feedback control problem for a class of discrete-time systems with input delay and unknown state delay is addressed based on LMIs and Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method. Under the action of our designed adaptive control law, the unknown time-delay parameter is included in memory state feedback controller. Using LMI technique, delay-dependent sufficient conditions for the existence of the feedback controller are obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Fotsin, Hilaire [Laboratoire d' Electronique, Departement de Physique, Faculte des Sciences, Universite de Dschang, B.P. 67 Dschang (Cameroon); INPL-CRAN, UMR CNRS-INPL-UHP 7039 ENSEM-2, Avenue de la Foret de Haye-54516, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex (France); E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org; Bowong, Samuel [Laboratoire de Mathematiques Appliquees, Departement de Mathematiques et Informatique, Faculte des sciences, Universite de Douala, B.P. 24157 Douala (Cameroon)] e-mail: email@example.com
This paper deals with the problem of control and synchronization of coupled second-order oscillators showing a chaotic behavior. A classical feedback controller is first used to stabilize the system at its equilibrium. An adaptive observer is then designed to synchronize the states of the master and slave oscillators using a single scalar signal corresponding to an observable state variable of the driving oscillator. An interesting feature of the proposed approach is that it can be used for chaos control as well as synchronization purposes. Numerical simulations results confirming the analytical predictions are shown and pspice simulations are also performed to confirm the efficiency of the proposed control scheme.
Gamal M.Mahmoud; Emad E.Mahmoud; Ayman A.Arafa
The aim of this paper is to study the control of hyperchaotic complex nonlinear systems with unknown parameters using passive control theory.An approach is stated to design the passive controller and estimate the unknown parameters based on the property of the passive system.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through its application to the hyperchaotic complex Lü system,as an example.The estimated values of the unknown parameters are calculated.The analytical form of the complex controller is derived and used in the numerical simulation to control the hyperchaotic attractors of this example.Block diagrams of this example using Matlab/Simulink are constructed after and before the control to ensure the validity of the analytical results.Other examples of hyperchaotic complex nonlinear systems can be similarly treated.
Full Text Available The main objective of designed the controller for a vehicle suspension system is to reduce the discomfort sensed by passengers which arises from road roughness and to increase the ride handling associated with the pitching and rolling movements. This necessitates a very fast and accurate controller to meet as much control objectives, as possible. Therefore, this paper deals with an artificial intelligence Neuro-Fuzzy (NF technique to design a robust controller to meet the control objectives. The advantage of this controller is that it can handle the nonlinearities faster than other conventional controllers. The approach of the proposed controller is to minimize the vibrations on each corner of vehicle by supplying control forces to suspension system when travelling on rough road. The other purpose for using the NF controller for vehicle model is to reduce the body inclinations that are made during intensive manoeuvres including braking and cornering. A full vehicle nonlinear active suspension system is introduced and tested. The robustness of the proposed controller is being assessed by comparing with an optimal Fractional Order PIλ Dμ (FOPID controller. The results show that the intelligent NF controller has improved the dynamic response measured by decreasing the cost function.
Inamdar, S. R.
In this work I present a new type of controller which is an adaptive tracking controller which employs dynamic optimization for optimizing current value of controller action for the temperature control of nonisothermal continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). We begin with a two-state model of nonisothermal CSTR which are mass and heat balance equations and then add cooling system dynamics to eliminate input multiplicity. The initial design value is obtained using local stability of steady states where approach temperature for cooling action is specified as a steady state and a design specification. Later we make a correction in the dynamics where material balance is manipulated to use feed concentration as a system parameter as an adaptive control measure in order to avoid actuator saturation for the main control loop. The analysis leading to design of dynamic optimization based parameter adaptive controller is presented. The important component of this mathematical framework is reference trajectory generation to form an adaptive control measure.
Hartmann, G. L.; Stein, G.
Honeywell has designed a digital self-adaptive flight control system for flight test in the VALT Research Aircraft (a modified CH-47). The final design resulted from a comparison of two different adaptive concepts: one based on explicit parameter estimates from a real-time maximum likelihood estimation algorithm and the other based on an implicit model reference adaptive system. The two designs are compared on the basis of performance and complexity.
Esfandiari, Kasra; Abdollahi, Farzaneh; Talebi, Heidar Ali
This paper presents a tracking control methodology for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to input saturation constraint and external disturbances. Unlike most previous approaches on saturated systems, which assumed affine nonlinear systems, in this paper, tracking control problem is solved for uncertain nonaffine nonlinear systems with input saturation. To deal with the saturation constraint, an auxiliary system is constructed and a modified tracking error is defined. Then, by employing implicit function theorem, mean value theorem, and modified tracking error, updating rules are derived based on the well-known back-propagation (BP) algorithm, which has been proven to be the most relevant updating rule to control problems. However, most of the previous approaches on BP algorithm suffer from lack of stability analysis. By injecting a damping term to the standard BP algorithm, uniformly ultimately boundedness of all the signals of the closed-loop system is ensured via Lyapunov's direct method. Furthermore, the presented approach employs nonlinear in parameter neural networks. Hence, the proposed scheme is applicable to systems with higher degrees of nonlinearity. Using a high-gain observer to reconstruct the states of the system, an output feedback controller is also presented. Finally, the simulation results performed on a Duffing-Holmes chaotic system, a generalized pendulum-type system, and a numerical system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested state and output feedback control schemes.
Taranov D. M.
Full Text Available This article presents main water supply systems and justifies the choice of direct flow of water supply system in the application of regulation of electric drive for pumps, which doesn’t have any tanks to create pressures required for fire-governmental purposes. This avoids interruption in the supply of reserve while water freezing. In the article the substantiation of the necessity of implementation of adaptive algorithm in modern-WIDE frequency converters by a substantiation of the number of stages of ratio control of voltage-frequency mains. It was revealed that the number of degrees of regulation of 10-12 gives optimum. Modern frequency converters allow you to change the regulation law, establishing 3-5 points of regulation. Therefore, the introduction of adaptive algorithm will reduce the power consumption of the electric drive of the pump of the water supply system. The article shows the simulation model of the "the converter frequency-induction motor," plots of the stator current of mains frequency and active power, surface speed and phase current when changing the voltage and frequency of the mains. These dependences confirm to have applicability of adaptive algorithm in the regulation of modern frequency converters with the skalar administration. Simulation model confirms the sub-physical experiments on a real motor and frequency converter with adaptive control algorithm. As a result of the selection of the parameters, we obtain the voltage reduction of the phase current, and reduce electricity consumption by 5-7%
Chen, Weisheng; Jiao, Licheng; Li, Jing; Li, Ruihong
For the first time, this paper addresses the problem of adaptive output-feedback control for a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear strict-feedback systems with time-varying delays using neural networks (NNs). The circle criterion is applied to designing a nonlinear observer, and no linear growth condition is imposed on nonlinear functions depending on system states. Under the assumption that time-varying delays exist in the system output, only an NN is employed to compensate for all unknown nonlinear terms depending on the delayed output, and thus, the proposed control algorithm is more simple even than the existing NN backstepping control schemes for uncertain systems described by ordinary differential equations. Three examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme proposed in this paper.
This paper is motivated by giving the detailed proofs and some interesting remarks on the results the author obtained in a series of papers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 214101 (2004); Phys. Rev. E 71, 037203 (2005); 69, 067201 (2004)], where an adaptive-feedback algorithm was proposed to effectively stabilize and synchronize chaotic systems. This note proves in detail the strictness of this algorithm from the viewpoint of mathematics, and gives some interesting remarks for its potential applications to chaos control & synchronization. In addition, a significant comment on synchronization-based parameter estimation is given, which shows some techniques proposed in literature less strict and ineffective in some cases.
Full Text Available In this paper, an experimental analysis of identification and an online intelligent adaptive position tracking control based on an emotional learning model of the human brain (BELBIC for an electrohydraulic servo (EHS system is presented. A mathematical model of the system is derived and the parameters of the model are identified. The BELBIC is designed based upon this dynamic model and utilized to control the real laboratorial EHS system. The experimental results are compared to those obtained from an optimal PID controller to prove that classic linear controllers fail to achieve good tracking of the desired output, especially when the hydraulic actuator operates at various frequencies and pressures. The results demonstrate an excellent improvement in control action, without any increase in control effort, for the proposed approach. Finally, it can be concluded from the experimental results that the BELBIC is able to respond quickly to any disturbance and variation in the system parameters, showing a high degree of adaptability and robustness due to its online learning ability.
Full Text Available The focus of this study is the effectiveness of the controller’s Unified Power Flow Controller UPFC with the choice of a control strategy. This Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC is used to control the power flow in the transmission systems by controlling the impedance, voltage magnitude and phase angle. This controller offers advantages in terms of static and dynamic operation of the power system. It also brings in new challenges in power electronics and power system design. To evaluate the performance and robustness of the system, we proposed a hybrid control combining the concept of identification neural networks with conventional regulators and with the changes in characteristics of the transmission line in order to improve the stability of the electrical power network. With its unique capability to control simultaneously real and reactive power flows on a transmission line as well as to regulate voltage at the bus where it is connected, this device creates a tremendous quality impact on power system stability. The result which has been obtained from using MATLAB and SIMULINK software showed a good agreement with the simulation result.
Full Text Available This paper presents a genetic-based control scheme that not only utilizes evolutionary characteristics to find the signal acquisition parameters, but also employs an adaptive scheme to control the search space and avoid the genetic control converging to local optimal value so as to acquire the desired signal precisely and rapidly. Simulations and experiment results show that the proposed method can improve the precision of signal parameters and take less signal acquisition time than traditional serial search methods for global navigation satellite system (GNSS signals.
Full Text Available We first analyze the effect of network-induced delay on the stability of networked control systems (NCSs. Then, aiming at stochastic characteristics of the time delay, we introduce a new Smith predictor to remove the exponential function with the time delay in the closed-loop characteristic equation of the NCS. Furthermore, we combine the fuzzy PID algorithm with the fuzzy immune control algorithm and present a fuzzy immune self-adaptive PID algorithm to compensate the influence of the model deviation of the controlled object. At last, a kind of fuzzy immune self-adaptive PID algorithm based on new Smith predictor is presented to apply to the NCS. The simulation research on a DC motor is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Full Text Available A hyperjerk system is a dynamical system, which is modelled by an nth order ordinary differential equation with n ⩾ 4 describing the time evolution of a single scalar variable. Equivalently, using a chain of integrators, a hyperjerk system can be modelled as a system of n first order ordinary differential equations with n ⩾ 4. In this research work, a 4-D novel hyperchaotic hyperjerk system has been proposed, and its qualitative properties have been detailed. The Lyapunov exponents of the novel hyperjerk system are obtained as L1 = 0.1448, L2 = 0.0328, L3 = 0 and L4 = −1.1294. The Kaplan-Yorke dimension of the novel hyperjerk system is obtained as DKY= 3.1573. Next, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed to stabilize the novel hyperjerk chaotic system with three unknown parameters. Moreover, an adaptive backstepping controller is designed to achieve global hyperchaos synchronization of the identical novel hyperjerk systems with three unknown parameters. Finally, an electronic circuit realization of the novel jerk chaotic system using SPICE is presented in detail to confirm the feasibility of the theoretical hyperjerk model.
Hansen, Poul Erik
The paper deal with intelligent motion control and electro-hydraulic actuator systems for multiaxis machynes and robots.The research results are from the IMCIA research Programme supported by the Danish Technical Research Council, STVF.......The paper deal with intelligent motion control and electro-hydraulic actuator systems for multiaxis machynes and robots.The research results are from the IMCIA research Programme supported by the Danish Technical Research Council, STVF....
LIU Xiao-hua; WANG Xiu-hong; FEN En-min
For a class of continuous-time nonlinear system, a novel robust adaptive fuzzy controller is proposed by using of Lyapunov method. It is proven that the control algorithm is globally stable, the output tracking-error can convergence to a domain of zero under the assumptions. As a result, the system controlled has stronger robustness for disturbance and modeling error.
Multiple Model Algorithm for Systems with Markovian Switching Coefficients, (Henk A. Blom and Yaakov Bar-Shalom, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control Vol...environment with a distributed sensor network. 4. An Adaptive Dual Controller for a MIMO-ARMA System, (P. Mookerjee and Y. Bar-Shalom, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , Vol
Consensus exists that many loss-of-control (LOC) in flight accidents caused by severe aircraft damage or system failure could be prevented if flight performance could be recovered using the valid and remaining control authorities. However, the safe maneuverability of a post-failure aircraft will ine
Wei, Wei; Wang, Jing; Zuo, Min; Liu, Zaiwen; Du, Junping
In this article, chaos control of satellite attitude motion is considered. Adaptive control based on dynamic compensation is utilised to suppress the chaotic behaviour. Control approaches with three control inputs and with only one control input are proposed. Since the adaptive control employed is based on dynamic compensation, faithful model of the system is of no necessity. Sinusoidal disturbance and parameter uncertainties are considered to evaluate the robustness of the closed-loop system. Both of the approaches are confirmed by theoretical and numerical results.
Ramakrishna, G.; Malik, O.P. [University of Calgary (Canada)
This paper proposes a ADAptive LINEar Neuron (ADALINE) identifier and a pole-shift controller to damp out multi-mode oscillations in power system. A five machine power system is used in the simulation studies. The generating units are represented by third order discrete ARMA models. ADALINE network is modeled so that its weights have a one-to-one relationship with the ARMA parameters. The weights are updated adoptively at each sampling interval to determine the characteristics of the actual system. The pole-shift control uses the on-line updated weights to calculate the closed-loop poles of the system. The unstable poles are moved inside the unit circle in the z-plane and the control is calculated so as to achieve regulation of the system to a constant setpoint in the shortest interval of time. Behavior of the adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS) and its coordination ability with other conventional PSSs (CPSSs) in the system are demonstrated. (author)
Lisbôa, Carlos; Carro, Luigi
As embedded systems become more complex, designers face a number of challenges at different levels: they need to boost performance, while keeping energy consumption as low as possible, they need to reuse existent software code, and at the same time they need to take advantage of the extra logic available in the chip, represented by multiple processors working together. This book describes several strategies to achieve such different and interrelated goals, by the use of adaptability. Coverage includes reconfigurable systems, dynamic optimization techniques such as binary translation and trace reuse, new memory architectures including homogeneous and heterogeneous multiprocessor systems, communication issues and NOCs, fault tolerance against fabrication defects and soft errors, and finally, how one can combine several of these techniques together to achieve higher levels of performance and adaptability. The discussion also includes how to employ specialized software to improve this new adaptive system, and...
Boutalis, Yiannis; Theodoridis, Dimitris C; Christodoulou, Manolis A
The indirect adaptive regulation of unknown nonlinear dynamical systems is considered in this paper. The method is based on a new neuro-fuzzy dynamical system (neuro-FDS) definition, which uses the concept of adaptive fuzzy systems (AFSs) operating in conjunction with high-order neural network functions (FHONNFs). Since the plant is considered unknown, we first propose its approximation by a special form of an FDS and then the fuzzy rules are approximated by appropriate HONNFs. Thus, the identification scheme leads up to a recurrent high-order neural network (RHONN), which however takes into account the fuzzy output partitions of the initial FDS. The proposed scheme does not require a priori experts' information on the number and type of input variable membership functions making it less vulnerable to initial design assumptions. Once the system is identified around an operation point, it is regulated to zero adaptively. Weight updating laws for the involved HONNFs are provided, which guarantee that both the identification error and the system states reach zero exponentially fast, while keeping all signals in the closed loop bounded. The existence of the control signal is always assured by introducing a novel method of parameter hopping, which is incorporated in the weight updating law. Simulations illustrate the potency of the method and comparisons with conventional approaches on benchmarking systems are given. Also, the applicability of the method is tested on a direct current (dc) motor system where it is shown that by following the proposed procedure one can obtain asymptotic regulation.
A globally convergent adaptive control scheme for robot motion control with the following features is proposed. First, the adaptation law possesses enhanced robustness with respect to noisy velocity measurements. Second, the controller does not require the inclusion of high gain loops that may excite the unmodeled dynamics and amplify the noise level. Third, we derive for the unknown parameter design a relationship between compensator gains and closed-loop convergence rates that is independen...
Fluid power systems have been in use since 1795 with the rst hydraulic press patented by Joseph Bramah and today form the basis of many industries. Electro hydraulic servo systems are uid power systems controlled in closed-loop. They transform reference input signals into a set of movements...... in hydraulic actuators (cylinders or motors) by the means of hydraulic uid under pressure. With the development of computing power and control techniques during the last few decades, they are used increasingly in many industrial elds which require high actuation forces within limited space. However, despite...... numerous attractive properties, hydraulic systems are always subject to potential leakages in their components, friction variation in their hydraulic actuators and deciency in their sensors. These violations of normal behaviour reduce the system performances and can lead to system failure...
Full Text Available This paper shows the implementation of a fuzzy controller applied for magnetic levitation, to make this, the characterization of the magnetic actuator was computed by using ANSYS® analysis. The control law was a Mamdani PD implemented with two microcontrollers, to get a smooth control signal, it was used a model reference. A learning scheme was used to update the consequents of the fuzzy rules. Different reference signals and disturbances were applied to the system to show the robustness of the controller. Finally, LabVIEW® was used to plot the results.
Yin, Xiu-xing; Lin, Yong-gang; Li, Wei; Liu, Hong-wei; Gu, Ya-jing
A variable-displacement pump controlled pitch system is proposed to mitigate generator power and flap-wise load fluctuations for wind turbines. The pitch system mainly consists of a variable-displacement hydraulic pump, a fixed-displacement hydraulic motor and a gear set. The hydraulic motor can be accurately regulated by controlling the pump displacement and fluid flows to change the pitch angle through the gear set. The detailed mathematical representation and dynamic characteristics of the proposed pitch system are thoroughly analyzed. An adaptive sliding mode pump displacement controller and a back-stepping stroke piston controller are designed for the proposed pitch system such that the resulting pitch angle tracks its desired value regardless of external disturbances and uncertainties. The effectiveness and control efficiency of the proposed pitch system and controllers have been verified by using realistic dataset of a 750 kW research wind turbine.
Glass, B. J.; Wong, C. M.
Artificial intelligence techniques are applied to the problems of model form and parameter identification of large-scale dynamic systems. The object-oriented knowledge representation is discussed in the context of causal modeling and qualitative reasoning. Structured sets of rules are used for implementing qualitative component simulations, for catching qualitative discrepancies and quantitative bound violations, and for making reconfiguration and control decisions that affect the physical system. These decisions are executed by backward-chaining through a knowledge base of control action tasks. This approach was implemented for two examples: a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and a two-phase thermal testbed. Results of tests with both of these systems demonstrate that the software replicates some or most of the functionality of a human operator, thereby reducing the need for a human-in-the-loop in the lower levels of control of these complex systems.
Yamamoto, Toshiaki; Ueda, Tetsuro; Obana, Sadao
As one of the dynamic spectrum access technologies, “cognitive radio technology,” which aims to improve the spectrum efficiency, has been studied. In cognitive radio networks, each node recognizes radio conditions, and according to them, optimizes its wireless communication routes. Cognitive radio systems integrate the heterogeneous wireless systems not only by switching over them but also aggregating and utilizing them simultaneously. The adaptive control of switchover use and concurrent use of various wireless systems will offer a stable and flexible wireless communication. In this paper, we propose the adaptive traffic route control scheme that provides high quality of service (QoS) for cognitive radio technology, and examine the performance of the proposed scheme through the field trials and computer simulations. The results of field trials show that the adaptive route control according to the radio conditions improves the user IP throughput by more than 20% and reduce the one-way delay to less than 1/6 with the concurrent use of IEEE802.16 and IEEE802.11 wireless media. Moreover, the simulation results assuming hundreds of mobile terminals reveal that the number of users receiving the required QoS of voice over IP (VoIP) service and the total network throughput of FTP users increase by more than twice at the same time with the proposed algorithm. The proposed adaptive traffic route control scheme can enhance the performances of the cognitive radio technologies by providing the appropriate communication routes for various applications to satisfy their required QoS.
Dewhirst, Oliver P; Angarita-Jaimes, Natalia; Simpson, David M; Allen, Robert; Newland, Philip L
Nonlinear type system identification models coupled with white noise stimulation provide an experimentally convenient and quick way to investigate the often complex and nonlinear interactions between the mechanical and neural elements of reflex limb control systems. Previous steady state analysis has allowed the neurons in such systems to be categorised by their sensitivity to position, velocity or acceleration (dynamics) and has improved our understanding of network function. These neurons, however, are known to adapt their output amplitude or spike firing rate during repetitive stimulation and this transient response may be more important than the steady state response for reflex control. In the current study previously used system identification methods are developed and applied to investigate both steady state and transient dynamic and nonlinear changes in the neural circuit responsible for controlling reflex movements of the locust hind limbs. Through the use of a parsimonious model structure and Monte Carlo simulations we conclude that key system dynamics remain relatively unchanged during repetitive stimulation while output amplitude adaptation is occurring. Whilst some evidence of a significant change was found in parts of the systems nonlinear response, the effect was small and probably of little physiological relevance. Analysis using biologically more realistic stimulation reinforces this conclusion.
Full Text Available In this paper, we present a combination of sequential trained radial basis function networks and fuzzy techniques to enhance the variable structure controllers dedicated to robotics systems. In this aim, four RBFs networks were used to estimate the model based part parameters (Inertia, Centrifugal and Coriolis, Gravity and Friction matrices of a variable structure controller so to respond to model variation and disturbances, a sequential online training algorithm based on Growing-Pruning "GAP" strategy and Kalman filter was implemented. To eliminate the chattering effect, the corrective control of the VS control was computed by a fuzzy controller. Simulations are carried out to control three degrees of freedom SCARA robot manipulator where the obtained results show good disturbance rejection and chattering elimination.
Zhao, Lin; Jia, Yingmin
In this paper, a distributed output feedback consensus tracking control scheme is proposed for second-order multi-agent systems in the presence of uncertain nonlinear dynamics, external disturbances, input constraints, and partial loss of control effectiveness. The proposed controllers incorporate reduced-order filters to account for the unmeasured states, and the neural networks technique is implemented to approximate the uncertain nonlinear dynamics in the synthesis of control algorithms. In order to compensate the partial loss of actuator effectiveness faults, fault-tolerant parts are included in controllers. Using the Lyapunov approach and graph theory, it is proved that the controllers guarantee a group of agents that simultaneously track a common time-varying state of leader, even when the state of leader is available only to a subset of the members of a group. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus tracking method.
Correia, Carlos M; Veran, Jean-Pierre; Andersen, David; Lardiere, Olivier; Bradley, Colin
Multi-object astronomical adaptive-optics (MOAO) is now a mature wide-field observation mode to enlarge the adaptive-optics-corrected field in a few specific locations over tens of arc-minutes. The work-scope provided by open-loop tomography and pupil conjugation is amenable to a spatio-angular Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (SA-LQG) formulation aiming to provide enhanced correction across the field with improved performance over static reconstruction methods and less stringent computational complexity scaling laws. Starting from our previous work , we use stochastic time-progression models coupled to approximate sparse measurement operators to outline a suitable SA-LQG formulation capable of delivering near optimal correction. Under the spatio-angular framework the wave-fronts are never explicitly estimated in the volume,providing considerable computational savings on 10m-class telescopes and beyond. We find that for Raven, a 10m-class MOAO system with two science channels, the SA-LQG improves the limiting mag...
Mu, Chaoxu; Ni, Zhen; Sun, Changyin; He, Haibo
A data-driven adaptive tracking control approach is proposed for a class of continuous-time nonlinear systems using a recent developed goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (GrHDP) architecture. The major focus of this paper is on designing a multivariable tracking scheme, including the filter-based action network (FAN) architecture, and the stability analysis in continuous-time fashion. In this design, the FAN is used to observe the system function, and then generates the corresponding control action together with the reference signals. The goal network will provide an internal reward signal adaptively based on the current system states and the control action. This internal reward signal is assigned as the input for the critic network, which approximates the cost function over time. We demonstrate its improved tracking performance in comparison with the existing heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) approach under the same parameter and environment settings. The simulation results of the multivariable tracking control on two examples have been presented to show that the proposed scheme can achieve better control in terms of learning speed and overall performance.
Fan, Quan-Yong; Yang, Guang-Hong
The state inequality constraints have been hardly considered in the literature on solving the nonlinear optimal control problem based the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method. In this paper, an actor-critic (AC) algorithm is developed to solve the optimal control problem with a discounted cost function for a class of state-constrained nonaffine nonlinear systems. To overcome the difficulties resulting from the inequality constraints and the nonaffine nonlinearities of the controlled systems, a novel transformation technique with redesigned slack functions and a pre-compensator method are introduced to convert the constrained optimal control problem into an unconstrained one for affine nonlinear systems. Then, based on the policy iteration (PI) algorithm, an online AC scheme is proposed to learn the nearly optimal control policy for the obtained affine nonlinear dynamics. Using the information of the nonlinear model, novel adaptive update laws are designed to guarantee the convergence of the neural network (NN) weights and the stability of the affine nonlinear dynamics without the requirement for the probing signal. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulation studies.
John H. Holland
Complex adaptive systems (cas) - systems that involve many components that adapt or learn as they interact - are at the heart of important contemporary problems. The study of cas poses unique challenges: Some of our most powerful mathematical tools, particularly methods involving fixed points, attractors, and the like, are of limited help in understanding the development of cas. This paper suggests ways to modify research methods and tools, with an emphasis on the role of computer-based models, to increase our understanding of cas.
Full Text Available Considering the high accuracy requirement of information exchange via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V communications, an extended state observer (ESO is designed to estimate the opening angle change of an electronic throttle (ET, wherein the emphasis is placed on the nonlinear uncertainties of stick-slip friction and spring in the system as well as the existence of external disturbance. In addition, a back-stepping sliding mode controller incorporating an adaptive control law is presented, and the stability and robustness of the system are analyzed using Lyapunov technique. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted using simulation. The results show that, compared with back-stepping control (BSC, the proposed controller achieves superior performance in terms of the steady-state error and rising time.
El Magri, Abdelmounime; Giri, Fouad; Besancon, Gildas; Elfadili, Abderrahim; Dugard, Luc; Chaoui, Fatima Zara
International audience; This paper addresses the problem of controlling wind energy conversion (WEC) systems involving permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) fed by IGBT-based buck-to-buck rectifier-inverter. The prime control objective is to maximize wind energy extraction which cannot be achieved without letting the wind turbine rotor operate in variable-speed mode. Interestingly, the present study features the achievement of the above energetic goal without resorting to sensors of w...
Lu, Xiaonan; Sun, Kai; Guerrero, Josep M.
This paper presents the coordinated control of distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) in DC micro-grids. In order to balance the state-of-charge (SoC) of each energy storage unit (ESU), an SoC-based adaptive droop control method is proposed. In this decentralized control method, the droop...... coefficient is inversely proportional to the nth order of SoC. By using SoC-based droop method, the ESUs with higher SoC deliver more power, while the ones with lower SoC deliver less power. Therefore, the energy stored in the ESU with higher SoC decreases faster than that with lower SoC. The SoC difference...... and the system stability is thereby analyzed by using this model. Simulation and experimental results from a 2×2.2 kW parallel converter system are presented in order to validate the proposed approach....
Djukanovic, M.B. [Inst. Nikola Tesla, Belgrade (Yugoslavia). Dept. of Power Systems; Calovic, M.S. [Univ. of Belgrade (Yugoslavia). Dept. of Electrical Engineering; Vesovic, B.V. [Inst. Mihajlo Pupin, Belgrade (Yugoslavia). Dept. of Automatic Control; Sobajic, D.J. [Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States)
This paper presents an attempt of nonlinear, multivariable control of low-head hydropower plants, by using adaptive-network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The new design technique enhances fuzzy controllers with self-learning capability for achieving prescribed control objectives in a near optimal manner. The controller has flexibility for accepting more sensory information, with the main goal to improve the generator unit transients, by adjusting the exciter input, the wicket gate and runner blade positions. The developed ANFIS controller whose control signals are adjusted by using incomplete on-line measurements, can offer better damping effects to generator oscillations over a wide range of operating conditions, than conventional controllers. Digital simulations of hydropower plant equipped with low-head Kaplan turbine are performed and the comparisons of conventional excitation-governor control, state-feedback optimal control and ANFIS based output feedback control are presented. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and the robustness of the acquired neuro-fuzzy controller, the controller has been implemented on a complex high-order non-linear hydrogenerator model.
Wang Xin; Li Shaoyuan; Wang Zhongjie
When the parameters of the system change abruptly, a new multivariable adaptive feedforward decoupling controller using multiple models is presented to improve the transient response. The system models are composed of multiple fixed models, one free-running adaptive model and one re-initialized adaptive model. The fixed models are used to provide initial control to the process. The re-initialized adaptive model can be reinitialized as the selected model to improve the adaptation speed. The free-running adaptive controller is added to guarantee the overall system stability. At each instant, the best system model is selected according to the switching index and the corresponding controller is designed. During the controller design, the interaction is viewed as the measurable disturbance and eliminated by the choice of the weighting polynomial matrix. It not only eliminates the steady-state error but also decouples the system dynamically. The global convergence is obtained and several simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Full Text Available In this paper, a decentralized adaptive controller with using wavelet neural network is used for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with time- delay unknown nonlinear non- affine subsystems. The entered interruptions in subsystems are considered nonlinear with time delay, this is closer the reality, compared with the case in which the delay is not considered for interruptions. In this paper, the output weights of wavelet neural network and the other parameters of wavelet are adjusted online. The stability of close loop system is guaranteed with using the Lyapanov- Krasovskii method. Moreover the stability of close loop systems, guaranteed tracking error is converging to neighborhood zero and also all of the signals in the close loop system are bounded. Finally, the proposed method, simulated and applied for the control of two inverted pendulums that connected by a spring and the computer results, show that the efficiency of suggested method in this paper.
Fan, Quan-Yong; Yang, Guang-Hong
This paper is concerned with the problem of integral sliding-mode control for a class of nonlinear systems with input disturbances and unknown nonlinear terms through the adaptive actor-critic (AC) control method. The main objective is to design a sliding-mode control methodology based on the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method, so that the closed-loop system with time-varying disturbances is stable and the nearly optimal performance of the sliding-mode dynamics can be guaranteed. In the first step, a neural network (NN)-based observer and a disturbance observer are designed to approximate the unknown nonlinear terms and estimate the input disturbances, respectively. Based on the NN approximations and disturbance estimations, the discontinuous part of the sliding-mode control is constructed to eliminate the effect of the disturbances and attain the expected equivalent sliding-mode dynamics. Then, the ADP method with AC structure is presented to learn the optimal control for the sliding-mode dynamics online. Reconstructed tuning laws are developed to guarantee the stability of the sliding-mode dynamics and the convergence of the weights of critic and actor NNs. Finally, the simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Udink ten Cate, A.J.
The material presented in this thesis can be grouped around four themes, system concepts, modeling, control and adaptive control. In this summary these themes will be treated separately.System conceptsIn Chapters 1 and 2 an overview of the problem formulation is presented. It is suggested that there
Bobtsov, Alexey; Faronov, Maxim; Kolyubin, Sergey; Pyrkin, Anton
The problem of simple adaptive and robust control is studied for the case of parametric and dynamic dimension uncertainties: only the maximum possible relative degree of the plant model is known. The control approach "consecutive compensator" is investigated. To illustrate the efficiency of proposed approach an example with the mobile robot motion control using computer vision system is considered.
Zhang, Jilie; Zhang, Huaguang; Liu, Zhenwei; Wang, Yingchun
In this paper, we consider the problem of developing a controller for continuous-time nonlinear systems where the equations governing the system are unknown. Using the measurements, two new online schemes are presented for synthesizing a controller without building or assuming a model for the system, by two new implementation schemes based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). To circumvent the requirement of the prior knowledge for systems, a precompensator is introduced to construct an augmented system. The corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is solved by adaptive dynamic programming, which consists of the least-squared technique, neural network approximator and policy iteration (PI) algorithm. The main idea of our method is to sample the information of state, state derivative and input to update the weighs of neural network by least-squared technique. The update process is implemented in the framework of PI. In this paper, two new implementation schemes are presented. Finally, several examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our schemes.
This thesis is divided into two parts, i.e., adaptive extremum control and modelling and control of a wind turbine. The rst part of the thesis deals with the design of adaptive extremum controllers for some processes which have the behaviour that process should have as high e ciency as possible...... in parameters, and thus directly lends itself to parameter estimation and adaptive control. The extremum control law is derived based on static optimization of a performance function. For a process with nonlinearity at output the intermediate signal between the linear part and nonlinear part plays an important...... role. If it can be emphasis on control design. The models have beenvalidated by experimental data obtained from an existing wind turbine. The e ective wind speed experienced by the rotor of a wind turbine, which is often required by some control methods, is estimated by using a wind turbine as a wind...
A new type controller, BP neural-networks-based sliding mode controller is developed for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with unknown bounds of high-order interconnections in this paper. It is shown that decentralized BP neural networks are used to adaptively learn the uncertainty bounds of interconnected subsystems in the Lyapunov sense, and the outputs of the decentralized BP neural networks are then used as the parameters of the sliding mode controller to compensate for the effects of subsystems uncertainties. Using this scheme, not only strong robustness with respect to uncertainty dynamics and nonlinearities can be obtained, but also the output tracking error between the actual output of each subsystem and the corresponding desired reference output can asymptotically converge to zero. A simulation example is presented to support the validity of the proposed BP neural-networks-based sliding mode controller.
Su, Chi; Liu, Zhou; Chen, Zhe
Distributed generation (DG) is increasingly integrated into distribution systems due to its flexible onsite characteristic and low carbon emission. However, DG integration may change the fault current pattern in distribution systems, which may in turn degrade the performance and coordination...... of network protection devices. As a protection measure commonly used in distribution network, recloser-fuse coordination could suffer from this impact. Research work has been conducted to deal with this problem by modifying the control strategy of the DG converters during faults. These solutions generally...