text:
Manitoba History: The Politics of Child Welfare in Manitoba, 1922-1924
by Lorna Hurl
The current tensions within the Manitoba child welfare system, though lamentable, are hardly new. Indeed, one is greatly tempted to utter the maxim “plus ca change ...,” for harmony amongst the various children’s institutions and agreement upon public-private roles and responsibilities have eluded the system almost since its inception. Although the formal advent of the child welfare system in 1898 was relatively uneventful, by the end of World War One the various roles, responsibilities and relationships of member organizations were sufficiently confused and contentious that a major overhaul of the system was necessary. This overhaul was attempted in 1922-24 in a new Child Welfare Act. However, the forces which surrounded the drafting, enactment and direction of the 1922-24 legislation combined to limit the extent and nature of possible changes.
The first child protection act in Manitoba dates from 1898. Its passing did not mark the culmination of a long struggle for reform. In fact, there was surprisingly little public debate about the intrusion of government into the private lives of Manitoban families. With popular support, the government of Thomas Greenway merely “borrowed” from earlier Ontario legislation and established a child protection system based upon the Ontario model. The new system was founded upon the beliefs that many children required protection from callous or inept parents, that society required protection from juvenile delinquents and future criminal or dependent adults, and that the salvation of unfortunate children and of society depended upon the private efforts of righteous and religious individuals. It also recognized that government authority was necessary to permit intervention with uncooperative families, and that government support was needed to facilitate and encourage the efforts of public-spirited citizens. In an innocent blend of private “doing” and public “enabling,” the 1898 Child Protection Act added two new types of organizations to the private orphanages and child-caring institutions already in the fieldthe ostensibly private Children’s Aid Societies (C.A.S.’s) which were imbued with public authority, and the purely public or government office of the Superintendent of Neglected and Dependent Children (S.N.C.).
With social welfare work in its infancy and enough work for the activities of all three types of organizations, it might have been expected that the organizations would exist in relative harmony. Children’s Aid Societies performed protective services in the organized municipalities, placing apprehended children in shelters, foster homes, or work situations; private child-caring institutions accepted orphaned or otherwise dependent children for placement; the office of the S.N.C. performed the functions of a C.A.S. in the unorganized territories, provided public education, and encouraged private citizen groups to form more C.A.S.’s.
However, peaceful co-existence within the system was not to be. Within a very short time serious rifts were apparent in all sectors. C.A.S.’s and private orphanages disputed each other’s authority over neglected children and argued about their respective roles. They were also divided by major philosophical differences. The C.A.S.’s espoused (verbally if not in practice) the views of the developing social work, psychology, and psychiatry professions which favoured foster home placements over institutional care. Private child-caring institutions, reflecting self-interest and the interests of philanthropic lay citizens, favoured institutional care. Since neither type of organization could survive upon voluntary donations alone, the private agencies and the C.A.S.’s vied with each other for government grants and favours.
Conflicts were not restricted to those between private and quasi-private agencies; quarrels developed within each category of organization. With few restrictions governing their establishment and administration, private child-caring agencies proliferated under the government of R.P. Roblin. They actively competed for children to fill their beds and for funds (public and private) to fill their coffers. The C.A.S.’s experienced similar struggles. The competition for funds paralleled that of the private organizations; the competition for children was even more vigorous. The religious differences which characterized early Manitoban society were carried into the child welfare field, resulting in the formation of separate Catholic and Jewish C.A.S.’s. Disputes between the Winnipeg C.A.S. (nominally non-sectarian) and the Catholic C.A.S. in St. Boniface (St. Adelard C.A.S.) were particularly bitter.
Disputes also flourished between the C.A.S.’s and the government authorities. The C.A.S.’s, hesitant to fully embrace the concept of public responsibility and fearful of alienating municipal authorities, rarely asked the courts for maintenance orders against municipalities, as provided for in the Child Protection Act. They relied instead on grants or philanthropic donations by municipalities. Predictably, the grants were always insufficient to meet the costs of children in care. The C.A.S.’s, therefore, were constantly be-rating the municipalities to give larger grants.
The provincial government too, was embroiled in disputes with the C.A.S.’s. Maintenance payments owing to C.A.S.’s by the provincial government department were also paid in grant form. These grants rarely covered the actual costs of the children in care. In addition, the S.N.C., as the agent of the province, was in the unenviable position of settling disputes which arose between the various children’s institutions (especially between the Winnipeg C.A.S. and the St. Adelard C.A.S. or the prestigious Children’s Home) and enforcing truancy legislation on behalf of a reluctant government over a deeply divided populace. Mindful of the need for Protestant and Catholic political support, and reluctant to open the ever volatile religious and school issues, the S.N.C. performed a delicate (though rarely satisfactory) balancing act among the many ethnic, religious and charitable groups in the province.
In 1916, a new programme, the Mothers’ Allowance scheme, was added to Manitoba’s child welfare system. Like the C.A.S.’s it was a curious blend of public and private responsibility. Viewed from its inception as a child welfare measure, the Mothers’ Allowance was intended to help certain categories of women (widowed or with incapacitated husbands) remain at home to care for their children, thereby lessening the possibility of total family breakdown or the removal of children from their homes. Reflecting the ambiguous division of public and private responsibilities, the Mothers’ Allowance Commission, a voluntary board of government-appointed citizens, established public policy and dispensed large amounts of public funds. A chief administrative officer and investigative staff, all government employees, reported to and received directions from this appointed body.
With the addition of Mothers’ Allowance legislation, the Manitoba child welfare system contained its core elementsprevention, protection and child care. There was, however, no balance between the elements. Further, there was considerable confusion regarding public and private responsibilities, and serious disharmony amongst the many institutions comprising the system. Mindful of the prophetic warning of J. J. Kelso, “dean” of Canadian child savers, “Let us not have too many organizations and too little organization,”  Manitoba’s social welfare reformers, who were particularly influential under the provincial administration of T. C. Norris, added child welfare to the fields of social service requiring major reform. Acquiescing to the wishes of the reformers, in 1917 the Norris administration established the Public Welfare Commission to undertake a study and to report to the provincial legislature on all phases of charitable welfare work, public and private, within the province. A principal area selected for detailed study and recommendation was the child welfare system. From this study came the 1922-24 Child Welfare Act.
The individuals appointed to the Public Welfare Commission were typical and influential representatives of the progressive Social-Gospel reform movement.  In order to give careful consideration to the many areas to be studied, the Commission subdivided its members into committees; the Child Welfare Committee was lead by D. B. Harkness. Although Harkness tended to express sentiments associated with the radical Social Gospel, he did not appear to see the child welfare system as being a tool to challenge or alter social and economic relationships. He sought instead to create a child welfare system which would no longer provide for “salvaging failures and losses”  but would rather provide supportive and preventive services to those in need.
Under Harkness’ leadership, the Child Welfare Committee initiated public hearings to which organizations were invited to present their concerns. Investigations of and visits to organizations were made to assess facilities and programmes; information was gathered on funding and policies. The resulting recommendations coincided with those which Harkness personally expressed and for which he sought support in his capacity as Secretary of the Manitoba Social Service Council:
Specifically, the committee, supported by the Commission as a whole, recommended the following principles:
Although there were inconsistencies in the recommendations (such as trying to secure equal treatment for illegitimate children yet automatically making them wards of the province) the most curious aspect of the recommendations concerned the need for two official bodiesthe Welfare Supervision Board and the Department of Public Welfare. The numerous duties and powers assigned to the appointed Welfare Supervision Board would seem to have been more suitably accorded the government department. The appropriateness of placing so much responsibility and power with what was essentially a volunteer body is certainly questionable. Undoubtedly, conflict and confusion could result from the interrelated yet vaguely defined roles of each entity. Reasons for the existence of two such closely related bodies were not outlined. Possibly assigning so much work to a volunteer body was a measure of economy, although Premier Norris was not noted for his tendencies to economize. A more likely explanation is that the creation of the Welfare Supervision Board would continue to allow input into public policy-making by the professional and charitable communities. Thus, although the Commission advocated more government control and regulation in child welfare activities, it envisioned a central role for private interests.
In spite of the committee’s apparent desire to preserve some measure of private input into the new system, its sweeping recommendations were destined to conflict with the vested interests of private children’s organizations and institutions. In anticipation of problems, the committee emphasized that the interests of all charitable organizations should be “carefully and zealously conserved and correlated.” Somewhat inconsistently, it explained:
In accordance with the Public Welfare Commission recommendations, two activities were immediately undertaken; a Welfare Supervision Board was provided for in legislation and appointed,  and a new Child Welfare Bill was drafted.
The Welfare Supervision Board was formed in early 1921. Board members were appointed on a three year rotational basis though reappointments were possible. Among its first membership were two former members of the Public Welfare Commission, J. M. Thompson and D. B. Harkness; new members possessed Protestant, middle-class backgrounds similar to theirs.
Under the terms of the governing legislation, the children’s sub-committee of the Board had been given the responsibility of “inspecting and supervising all phases of charitable and welfare work, both public and private, within the province.”  The authority and control provided in granting and withholding licences, however, had not been includedan apparent move to quell dissatisfaction amongst private institutions. After visiting the children’s institutions the committee, noting the existence of greatly varying powers, supported the Public Welfare Commission’s original recommendation to regulate institutions’ powers and provide more supervision in drafting the Acts governing them. Although the committee members had, as a rule, been cordially received there were instances in which admittance was refused, prompting the Board to recommend amending legislation to conform with the original intention of authority and control over the institutions. The Board also advised the government of the merits of the various organizations and made recommendations regarding grants. As no significant change in the granting system was evident in the two years the Board functioned under the Norris government, it appears the Board did not attempt to standardize the treatment accorded the institutions, thereby perpetuating existing inequalities.
Before the three year term of the Public Welfare Commission expired, the Children’s Committee had drafted a Child Welfare Bill which incorporated most of the recommendations cited earlier.  The Bill consolidated children’s legislation which, Charlotte Whitton was later to write, had been “scattered promiscuously throughout the statutes of the province” the Children’s Protection Act, Illegitimate Children’s Act, Infants’ Act, Public Health Act, the Humane Societies Act and the Factory Act.
An amalgamation then of several Acts and programmes, the proposed Act  was an extensive and somewhat unwieldy piece of legislation. Each of its eleven sections dealt with one particular area of concern: Department of Public Welfare, Juvenile Court, Neglected Children, Mentally Defective Children, Handicapped Children, Immigrant Children, Child Welfare Organizations, Adoption, Guardianship, and General Provisions. The overall purpose was to establish government responsibility for the care and well-being of all neglected, dependent and defective children. In doing so, it intended to create a strong central government authority in the office of the Department of Public Welfare. The role of this department was to reinforce parental and municipal responsibilities, to clarify confusion around issues of custody, adoption, and legal guardianship, to decrease institutional control over children, to establish standards of care in children’s institutions, to provide segregated facilities for defective children, and to reinforce the principles of natural home settings and the maintenance of the normal child in its own community. The provisions of the Bill reflected the Social Gospel philosophy of social responsibility, the “natural home” philosophy of the emerging Social Sciences, the religious emphasis on morality, and the professional and medical influence regarding care of certain types of atypical children.
The Bill was submitted to the legislature in early 1921 and met with immediate opposition. The most vocal criticisms came from the existing children’s institutions which claimed they had not adequately been consulted during the Public Welfare Commission hearings.  The Bill vested too much power in the office of the Director of Child Welfare, they insisted, and it left their own status “vague” and “indefinite” in addition to requiring too much “red tape”.  The Public Health Board objected to the use of the term “Child Welfare,” as this term was commonly used in association with its own work. Other objections, primarily from municipalities, were made about the anticipated costs of the proposed system. The Commission countered that costs would be kept to a minimum because the nucleus of the new system (the office of the S.N.C.) was already in place. In support of the Commission’s position the Free Press  argued that it was not the government’s intention to institute a new portfolio but rather to place the Child Welfare Department under one of the current Ministries.  Since over $10,000,000  from taxes and private donations was spent annually on welfare institutions and activities, the Free Press emphasized that “The new Act recognizes the right of the people to get the utmost returns for that money.” The final criticism appeared to stem from more radical opinions that the legislation dealt with the effects, not the causes, of the problems. Again the Free Press defended the Act:
Opposition or indifference to the Bill, however, came not only from organized pressure groups, but from the increasingly conservative attitude of the general public. Imbued with the passion of the Social Gospel throughout the War, people sincerely believed the War’s end would bring “the coming of the Kingdom on Earth.” When the anticipated changes failed to materialize, exuberance faded and disillusionment set in. The events of the Winnipeg Strike in 1919 hastened the conservative mood for it brought an element of fear of state control and “communist takeover” by radicals. The post-war depression created even more hesitancy. Thus, faced with a measure they might have at one time supported, the general public had become more cautious.
In spite of the efforts of the Commission members and the Free Press, opposition to the Bill could not be overcome; it was held over for further consideration before being resubmitted in 1922. The results of the defeated motion to hear the Bill in the 1921 session revealed an interesting voting pattern. Six Liberal, nine Labour and three United Farm representatives favoured proceeding; eight Conservative, twelve Liberal, six United Farm and two Independent members opposed.  While the Liberal and United Farm votes split, with slightly more against proceeding, the Labour and Conservative members appeared to vote in opposing blocs.  The “laissez faire” philosophy of the Conservatives, combined with their support of the private institutions, was the basis of their decision against considering the Bill. Labour support for the Bill indicated that the philosophy of central government control and public responsibility took priority over fears expressed by Labour MLA M. J. Stanbridge that the province was being run by a “bunch of professional reformers.”  In spite of the opposing views, the closeness of the vote (eighteen in favour, twenty opposed) suggested the existence of room for compromise.
Following a year of negotiations the Bill was resubmittedlargely intact but with some of the more objectionable or controversial features withdrawn. Maternity and nursing homes were exempt from government licensing; illegitimate children were no longer to be automatically enrolled as provincial wards, thus enabling the orphanages to maintain guardianship over the largest proportion of their residents; institutions caring for wards of the Director no longer required his approval for agreements entered into on the children’s behalf (excluding adoption placements); the authority of the Welfare Supervision Board was reduced to inspecting and advising. However although external authority over the care of many children in institutions was lessened, government authority over uncooperative institutions was clarified. The Director was granted the authority on second offenses to revoke the charters of organizations which failed to comply with reporting and inspecting regulations. After the Bill was resubmitted, the “promiscuity clause” (requiring more than one putative father to pay maintenance when paternity was in doubt) was also withdrawn due to controversy, no doubt over the costs and technicalities involved in securing support as well as the question of whether the mother’s behavior justified support. Thus an amended, slightly “watered-down” Child Welfare Act was passed by the legislature in 1922, requiring only proclamation to become effective.
Before the Act was proclaimed, however, the Norris government, a minority administration after the 1920 election, was defeated and an election called. The fate of the new Child Welfare Act depended upon the attitudes of the new party in power, the United Farmers.
Philosophically the United Farmers did not oppose the reform measures pursued by the Norris administration. The reforms had been expensive, however, and this provided the Farmers with their chief complaintthe Norris government had overspent and sunk the province deeply into debt. What was needed, they were convinced, was a government which practiced a sober, non-partisan, efficient, business-like administration. For their leader, they selected John Bracken, an Ontario-born Methodist with a conservative personal philosophy and a strong belief in the individualism of capitalism. With suggestions and direction from the U.F.M., Bracken formulated his platform:
Although based on the Social Gospel ethics of honesty, purity and responsiveness, the Bracken administration reflected the conservative shift that was occurring within the general populace. The previous emphasis on reform was turned into emphasis on business and efficiency, resulting in what has since been termed a “remorselessly frugal husbanding of the province’s revenues.”
In the drive to reduce government spending, Bracken initiated cutbacks in funding of government departments with resulting reductions in staff and, if not the curtailment, at least the postponement of programmes. Child welfare services were amongst those social services to feel the impact of “Brackenism.”
The new Attorney General, R. W. Haig, noted that the Act had not been proclaimed as “changes in it were advisable.”  The major problem, he explained, was that the creation of the proposed Department of Public Welfare was too expensive and thus, the Act was to be shelved for the duration of 1922 and 1923 while changes were undertaken to bring its costs into line with the government’s financial policies.
Bracken appointed a commission under the leadership of Robert Fletcher, Deputy Minister of Education, to investigate and make recommendations. Fletcher’s advice paralleled that of the Public Welfare Commission. He recommended a separate Department of Public Welfare which would be responsible for facilities and services such as Mothers’ Allowances, supervision of neglected children, and the Portage Industrial Training School, previously administered by several departments. These and other services, Fletcher advised, should be incorporated into the Department of Public Welfare and designated as either health or child welfare services, with a trained expert in charge of each.  Fletcher’s recommendations were not accepted, undoubtedly because of the costs of administration and problems of reorganization.
The search for a solution continued, however, and was found in an earlier suggestion of the WSB to fuse the child welfare system and the Mothers’ Allowances Commission. Although the Public Welfare Commission had suggested incorporation of Mothers’ Allowance into the envisioned Department of Public Welfare, the Commission had not incorporated Mothers’ Allowance legislation into the Child Welfare Act. It appeared that, although the Commission considered the two pieces of legislation to be closely related, they believed each should be administered separately from the other. The Commission did not elaborate on its reasons for excluding Mothers’ Allowance from the Child Welfare Act. It may have foreseen the power which could accumulate in the hands of social workers who had both legal recourse and control of family finances, or it may have felt the responsibilities of the Commission were too extensive to incorporate without changing the emphasis of the new Act.
Whatever the reason for the P.W.C.’s recommendations, its successor, the Welfare Supervision Board, had offered a different opinion in its Second Annual Report (1922). Ever mindful of effectiveness and economy, the W.S.B. had suggested that both ends might be served if the Child Welfare Act and the Mothers’ Allowances Act were placed under the same administration. Ideally, the W.S.B. suggested, since Mothers’ Allowance legislation was truly a child welfare measure, it should be incorporated into the Child Welfare Act; however, if the government preferred, a simple union of administrative units would produce the same results. The most promising format, advised the W.S.B., would be to place the chief administrator of Mothers’ Allowances in charge of the new administrative unit, with special responsibility for the Mothers’ Allowance programme, and to give him an assistant who would oversee work done under the Child Welfare Act and assist with the Mothers’ Allowance programme if necessary.
It could not have been surprising when, recommended for the leading position in this new unit, the Mothers’ Allowance Commission, under the direction of A.P. Paget (a former Secretary of the Public Welfare Commission) endorsed the suggested amalgamation of the two pieces of legislation. In its Annual Report for 1922-23 the Commission remarked:
Accepting this advice, the Bracken government amended the 1922 Child Welfare Act to incorporate the Mothers’ Allowance Act, and added a new section entitled “Bereaved and Dependent Children.” The terms of amendment did not assign full responsibility over Bereaved and Dependent Children to the Director of Child Welfare, but rather to the Board of Selection (actually the members of the M.A. Commission, but renamed the Child Welfare Board). While the Director was to investigate all reported cases of bereaved and dependent children, he was to report his findings to the Child Welfare Boarda process similar to that previously followed by the M.A. Commission and its chief administrative officer. The Board would then decide which children would be enrolled as “Bereaved or Dependent.” In addition, the Board retained its former responsibility for drafting the allowance schedules, supervising recipients, and drawing up rules and regulations governing administration of allowances. The numerous responsibilities and activities involved in administration of the allowances may have explained the central role given the Child Welfare Board. It may have been anticipated that, with all his other duties, the Director would not be able to fulfill those entailed in administering the allowances. But a second and perhaps more likely explanation would be that the government sought to keep the administration of allowances in the hands of an appointed body as had been the practice under the Mothers’ Allowance Commission. The Child Welfare Board, like the Commission, was made up of businessmen, philanthropists, and welfare workers who received no remuneration for their services.  The authority which the amendment gave the Child Welfare Board, therefore, assured even greater influence for private interests in the administration of the Child Welfare Act.
In addition to the inclusion of Mothers’ Allowance legislation, several minor amendments  were made to the Act before it was proclaimed in 1924. Penalties for the ill-treatment of children were increasedthe option of a fine was removed and maximum jail sentences were increased from two years to five years with hard labour. A further change, an obvious concession to the municipalities, reduced the maximum amount of maintenance orders from $5 per week to $3, resulting in a predictably negative response from Children’s Aid Societies.
The proclamation of the Child Welfare Act, dubbed the “Magna Charta of child life,”  was greeted by professional welfare workers with the same high optimism which had met the passage of the 1922 Act:
The establishment of the machinery to administer the newly proclaimed Act reflected limitations arising from both the Act’s structure and the Bracken government’s economy measures. In its reports the Public Welfare Commission had envisioned the creation of a new portfolio for the Department of Public Welfare. Within the proposed Department there were to have been several divisions of which Child Welfare would be only one. However, in “operationalizing” the Act, the Bracken government sought to avoid the costs of establishing a new portfolio,  and the newly created Department of Public Welfare was made a responsibility of the already heavily burdened Minister of Education, the Hon. C. Cannon. Only one division was created within the new departmentthe Division of Child Welfare; other activities remained under their respective departments. Thus, for largely parsimonious reasons, Bracken failed to create the strong central authority capable of coordinating all social welfare work in the province.
The structure of the Child Welfare Division revealed weaknesses resulting from the new amendments to the Act. Although the intention had been to blend the Mothers’ Allowance legislation into the Child Welfare Act, the effect of the amendment had been to append the Child Welfare legislation onto the Mothers’ Allowance Act. The budgets of the two departments in 1923-24 support this conclusion, for although the Mothers’ Allowance expenditure also declined under the Bracken government (from $438,800 in 1921-22 to $406,000 in 1923-24)  it remained substantially greater than the combined expenditures of the Superintendent of Neglected Children and the Juvenile Court system ($29,400 in 1923-24). In addition, the staff of the Mothers’ Allowance Commission was larger, and its rural services more fully developed. Moreover, following the suggestions of the W.S.B. when the Child Welfare Division was created, A. P. Paget, former Secretary of the Mothers’ Allowance Commission, was appointed the Director of Child Welfare while D. S. Hamilton, S.N.C., was given the subordinate position of Chief Inspector. Hence the new child welfare programs envisioned by the original creators of the Act were delegated to a secondary position.
Further problems could be anticipated from the number of staff employed to administer the provisions of the Act. Although many new responsibilities and duties had been incorporated (e.g., services for illegitimate children, services for mentally and physically handicapped children, adoption) no new staff were added. It was assumed that the staff of the Mothers’ Allowance Commission, in conjunction with the small staff of the S.N.C., could perform all new duties in addition to those they had previously performed. However, as each body had presumably been fully occupied with its former tasks, this was an unrealistic expectation.
A final, less serious potential problem existed in the creation of two independent advisory boardsthe Welfare Supervision Board and the Child Welfare Board. As each was to advise the Minister on separate but related issues, the possibility of confusion and discord arising from overlapping roles and conflicting advice was always present and indeed intensified by the lack of a clearly defined relationship between the Boards, and between the Boards and the Director of Child Welfare.
Thus both internal and external limitations existed to hamper the functioning of the new Child Welfare system. Interest group pressures, a conservative public mood, and Bracken’s stringent financial measures combined with the Act’s own weaknesses (particularly its focus on allowances for Bereaved and Neglected Children) to give the 1924 Child Welfare Act what was subsequently referred to as “little more than an ugly duckling’s chance.”
1. J. J. Kelso, The Union of the Forces, pamphlet c. 1918. Copy in the Public Welfare Commission Papers, PAM.
5. Second and Third Interim Reports of the Public Welfare Commission 1919, 1920, files of the Public Welfare Commission, PAM.
8. Mrs. M. McWilliamsOntario born, Presbyterian, president Local Council of Women, leader of University Womens Club and numerous other societies, wife of the future Lt. Governor of Manitoba. G. F. ChipmanNova Scotia-born Baptist, editor Grain Growers’ Guide. Major D. M. DuncanAmerican-born Presbyterian, assistant superintendent of Winnipeg schools. Dr. J. HalpennyOntario born Methodist, on faculty of University of Manitoba Department of Medicine. E. A. McPherson K.C.,American born Methodist, MLA 1913-1920, City Solicitor. T. J. Murray, K.C., Ontario born Protestant, police magistrate.
9. Board of Welfare Supervision, 1st Annual Report, Nov. 30121, Public Welfare Commission files, PAM.
10. Third Interim Report of the Public Welfare Commission, Public Welfare Commission files, PAM.
11. C. Whitton, Child Welfare Legislation, a report written under the auspices of the Canadian Child Welfare Council, a branch of the Canadian Council of Social Services, on file at the Department of Health Library.
16. This statement was contrary to the intentions of both the P.W.C. recommendations and the terms of the Act itself. Concerns for the cost of Norris’s reforms had been expressed by 1921the apparent cause of this newly revealed economy measure.
17. The Free Press did not indicate the source of this figure nor did it state what costs were included. As the figures are exorbitantly high for Manitoba it is likely that they refer to expenditures for welfare in the whole of Canada.
27. Members appointed to the first Board in 1924-25 included: A.P. PagetDirector of Child Welfare. A. T. MathersProvincial Psychiatrist. W. J. MajorAnglican lawyer, future M.L.A. and Attorney General under Bracken. Mrs. T. R. Deaconformer member Mothers’ Allowance Commission. *Mr. F. CoyleOntario born Catholic, businessman. *F. TippingEnglish born Baptist teacher and trade unionist, active on the General Strike Committee, MLA. Mabel FinchRepresentative of the United Farm Women of Manitoba. *The appointments of Coyle, a Catholic, and Tipping, a trade unionist, may appear unusual. However, the Act required that one Catholic be on the Board and Tipping’s appointment appears to reflect the non-partisan approach of the Bracken ad-ministration.
Page revised: 27 October 2012

domain: library


text:
Last updated on February 22nd, 2019
Kuthiraivali ammini kozhukkatai recipe is a twist on traditional ammini kozhukattai recipe by using kuthiraivlai arisi(barnyard millet) instead of regular raw rice. I am trying to incorporate millet in our diet these days and trying to eat them for breakfast. Though I have heard that we need to acquire the taste of millet,we did not feel anything unpleasant or different in millet we have tried till date. I usually prepare ammini kozhukattai for breakfast/snacks and this time I replaced rice with kuthiraivali and it turned out pretty good,so sharing here the recipe for kuthiraivali ammini kozhukattai with you all 🙂
Here are the stepwise pictures for making kuthiraivali ammini kozhukattai recipe
1.Wash,drain and dry the kuthiraivali arisi.
2.Grind to a fine powder and sift if needed ( I did not sift)
3.Boil water along with salt,and once it starts to bubble add oil to it.
4.Add the boiled water to the ground millet and form a soft pliable dough
5.Make small pebble like balls from the dough and arrange in a steamer.
6.Steam for 0-12 minutes,the balls will be non sticky and glossy.
7.Heat oil in a kadai and temper with mustard,urad,channa dal,asafoetida,curry leaves.
8.Add the tempering to the steamed balls and mix well
9.Add chopped coconut,mix well and serve hot
Kuthiraivali ammini kozhukattai recipe| Easy millet recipes |barnyard millet kozhukattai
- 1 cup barnyard millet/kuthiraivali arisi
- 3/4 cup water
- 1 teaspoon oil
- For tempering:
- 1 teaspoon black gram/urad dal
- 1 teaspoon gram dal/channa dal
- 1/2 teaspoon mustard seeds
- 1/4 teaspoon asafoetida
- 10-12 curry leaves
- 2 green chillies
- 1 dried red chilli
- 2 teaspoons oil
- Shredded or finely chopped coconut for topping
- Wash,drain and thoroughly dry the kuthiraivali arisi.
- Grind to a fine powder and set aside
- Boil water along with salt,and once it starts to bubble add oil to it.Remove from flame
- Add the boiled water to the ground millet and mix well with a spoon.Once it is warm to touch,knead to a soft and smooth dough.
- Make small pebble like balls from the dough and arrange in a steamer.
- Steam for 0-12 minutes,the balls will be non sticky and glossy.
- Heat oil in a kadai and temper with mustard,urad,channa dal,asafoetida,curry leaves.
- Add the tempering to the steamed balls and mix well
- Add chopped coconut,mix well and serve hot
2.Usually we add finely chopped coconut for ammini kozhukattai,you can also add grated coconut
3.You can sift the dough after grinding just like we do for rice flour,but I did not sift and there was no difference felt.

domain: food


New CEO for Khaleeji Commercial
Manama, October 6, 2013
Khaleeji Commercial Bank (KHCB), one of the leading Islamic commercial banks in Bahrain, has appointed Khalil Ismaeel Al Meer as the bank’s new chief executive officer.
Al Meer comes to KHCB with extensive experience in commercial banking having worked for many years in reputable banks in Bahrain, said a statement.
Prior to his appointment, Al Meer was general manager of corporate banking division in BBK.
Speaking on behalf of the Board of the bank, Dr Fuad Al Omar, chairman, said: “We believe that Mr Al Meer’s vast experience in banking and strong business relationships will be invaluable as we move forward with our strategy to expand and grow our business in Bahrain and in the region.”
Al Meer has over 28 years of experience in corporate banking, gained in senior roles at National Bank of Bahrain and Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait. – TradeArabia News Service


text:
Download and read online The Good Byline in PDF and EPUB Meet Riley Ellison, a smart, quirky, young library assistant who’s become known in her hometown of Tuttle Corner, Virginia, as Riley Bless-Her-Heart. Ever since her beloved granddaddy died and her longtime boyfriend broke up with her, Riley has been withdrawing from life. In an effort to rejoin the living, she signs up for an online dating service and tries to reconnect with her childhood best friend, Jordan James, a reporter at the Tuttle Times. But when she learns that Jordan committed suicide, Riley is shaken to the core. Riley agrees to write Jordan's obituary as a way to learn more about why a young woman with so much to live for would suddenly opt out. Jordan’s co-worker, a paranoid reporter with a penchant for conspiracy theories, convinces Riley that Jordan’s death was no suicide. He leads her down a dangerous path toward organized crime, secret lovers, and suspicious taco trucks. Riley’s serpentine hunt for the truth eventually intersects with her emerging love life, and she makes a discovery that puts everything Riley holds dear—her job, the people she loves, and even her life—in danger. Will writing this obituary be the death of her?
Download and read online The Good Byline in PDF and EPUB Riley just wants to write obituaries, but when her first assignment is the death of a childhood friend, mystery ensues.
Download and read online Arrowood in PDF and EPUB “Superb and subtle psychological suspense.”—Lee Child A haunting novel from the author of The Weight of Blood about a young woman’s return to her childhood home—and her encounter with the memories and family secrets it holds ITW THRILLER AWARD FINALIST Arrowood is the most ornate and grand of the historical houses that line the Mississippi River in southern Iowa. But the house has a mystery it has never revealed: It’s where Arden Arrowood’s younger twin sisters vanished on her watch twenty years ago—never to be seen again. After the twins’ disappearance, Arden’s parents divorced and the Arrowoods left the big house that had been in their family for generations. And Arden’s own life has fallen apart: She can’t finish her master’s thesis, and a misguided love affair has ended badly. She has held on to the hope that her sisters are still alive, and it seems she can’t move forward until she finds them. When her father dies and she inherits Arrowood, Arden returns to her childhood home determined to discover what really happened to her sisters that traumatic summer. Arden’s return to the town of Keokuk—and the now infamous house that bears her name—is greeted with curiosity. But she is welcomed back by her old neighbor and first love, Ben Ferris, whose family, she slowly learns, knows more about the Arrowoods’ secrets and their small, closed community than she ever realized. With the help of a young amateur investigator, Arden tracks down the man who was the prime suspect in the kidnapping. But the house and the surrounding town hold their secrets close—and the truth, when Arden finds it, is more devastating than she ever could have imagined. Arrowood is a powerful and resonant novel that examines the ways in which our lives are shaped by memory. As with her award-winning debut novel, The Weight of Blood, Laura McHugh has written a thrilling novel in which nothing is as it seems, and in which our longing for the past can take hold of the present in insidious and haunting ways. Praise for Arrowood “This robust, old-fashioned gothic mystery has everything you’re looking for: a creepy old house, a tenant with a secret history, and even a few ghosts. Laura McHugh’s novel sits at the intersection of memory and history, astutely asking whether we carry the past or it carries us.”—Jodi Picoult “An eloquently eerie tale.”—Booklist “Poignant . . . lyrical.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review) “A chilling, twisting tale of family, memory, and home . . . This engaging and thrilling tale about a young woman’s homecoming, the vagaries of memory, and the impact of tragedy on both a town and a family is a terrific choice for Laura Lippman and Sue Grafton readers.”—Library Journal (starred review) “Part mystery, part drama, Arrowood offers a little of everything to readers in search of a satisfying story.”—St. Louis Dispatch “A pitch-perfect example of Southern Gothic”—The Times “I cannot praise this book enough. It draws you in to the point you felt like someone you loved had disappeared and you’re haunted by it. Laura McHugh did a brilliant job of showing us that our lives can be shaped by our memories and that those are not always as accurate as we would believe.”—San Francisco Book Review
Download and read online The Sisters of Alameda Street in PDF and EPUB A generational saga that mixes historical fiction with the romance and intrigue of a Latin soap opera. When Malena Sevilla's tidy, carefully planned world collapses following her father’s mysterious suicide, she finds a letter—signed with an “A”—which reveals that her mother is very much alive and living in San Isidro, a quaint town tucked in the Andes Mountains. Intent on meeting her, Malena arrives at Alameda Street and meets four sisters who couldn’t be more different from one another, but who share one thing in common: all of their names begin with an A. To avoid a scandal, Malena assumes another woman’s identity and enters their home to discover the truth. Could her mother be Amanda, the iconoclastic widow who opens the first tango nightclub in a conservative town? Ana, the ideal housewife with a less-than-ideal past? Abigail, the sickly sister in love with a forbidden man? Or Alejandra, the artistic introvert scarred by her cousin’s murder? But living a lie will bring Malena additional problems, such as falling for the wrong man and loving a family she may lose when they learn of her deceit. Worse, her arrival threatens to expose long-buried secrets and a truth that may wreck her life forever. Set in 1960s Ecuador, The Sisters of Alameda Street is a sweeping story of how one woman’s search for the truth of her identity forces a family to confront their own past.
Download and read online The Day I Died in PDF and EPUB From the award-winning author of Little Pretty Things comes this gripping, unforgettable tale of a mother's desperate search for a lost boy. Anna Winger can know people better than they know themselves with only a glance—at their handwriting. Hired out by companies wanting to land trustworthy employees and by the lovelorn hoping to find happiness, Anna likes to keep the real-life mess of other people at arm’s length and on paper. But when she is called to use her expertise on a note left behind at a murder scene in the small town she and her son have recently moved to, the crime gets under Anna’s skin and rips open her narrow life for all to see. To save her son—and herself—once and for all, Anna will face her every fear, her every mistake, and the past she thought she'd rewritten.
Download and read online Falling for the Best Man in PDF and EPUB Harlequin Junkie Top Pick "Now this is my kind of romance novel." Emmy Watson loves her small-town life. Most of the time––except the one crazy night she threw caution to the wind and slept with a sexy stranger. Totally not like her, but so worth it. And hey, who’ll ever find out. It’ll be her little secret... Globe-trotting travel writer Christopher Henderson can’t get one woman out of his head. He knows Emmy is all wrong for him–he’d have to pry her cold dead hands from this crazy town–but living without her is slowly not becoming an option. Christopher has a game plan: 1. Dazzle her with his awesome cooking skills to throw her off guard. 2. Win the world’s weirdest golf trophy. 3. Impress her with his ability to talk cranky French dove breeders into doing his bidding. But Emmy isn’t playing by the rules, and Chris might have finally met his match... Each book in the Sisters of Wishing Bridge series is a standalone story that can be enjoyed out of order. Series Order: Book #1: Falling for the Best Man Book #2: The Wedding Planner’s Baby Book #3: Dating the Wrong Mr. Right
Download and read online Pretty Girls in PDF and EPUB The compelling new standalone novel from the Sunday Times No. 1 bestselling author of Unseen and Cop Town. With a missing girl in the news, Claire Scott can’t help but be reminded of her sister, who disappeared twenty years ago in a mystery that was never solved. But when Claire begins to learn the truth about her sister, nothing will ever be the same.
Download and read online When You Never Said Goodbye in PDF and EPUB Against the odds, eighteen-year-old Liz McLane, adoptee and aspiring poet, searches for her birth mother in this sensitive and daring novel told through her own accessible and moving poems and journal entries.
Download and read online That s the Joint in PDF and EPUB Spanning 25 years of serious writing on hip-hop by noted scholars and mainstream journalists, this comprehensive anthology includes observations and critiques on groundbreaking hip-hop recordings.
Download and read online American Fire Love Arson and Life in a Vanishing Land in PDF and EPUB Recommended Summer reading by TIME, Entertainment Weekly, Real Simple, and Elle. A breathtaking feat of reportage, American Fire combines procedural with love story, redefining American tragedy for our time. The arsons started on a cold November midnight and didn’t stop for months. Night after night, the people of Accomack County waited to see which building would burn down next, regarding each other at first with compassion, and later suspicion. Vigilante groups sprang up, patrolling the rural Virginia coast with cameras and camouflage. Volunteer firefighters slept at their stations. The arsonist seemed to target abandoned buildings, but local police were stretched too thin to surveil them all. Accomack was desolate—there were hundreds of abandoned buildings. And by the dozen they were burning. The culprit, and the path that led to these crimes, is a story of twenty-first century America. Washington Post reporter Monica Hesse first drove down to the reeling county to cover a hearing for Charlie Smith, a struggling mechanic who upon his capture had promptly pleaded guilty to sixty-seven counts of arson. But as Charlie’s confession unspooled, it got deeper and weirder. He wasn’t lighting fires alone; his crimes were galvanized by a surprising love story. Over a year of investigating, Hesse uncovered the motives of Charlie and his accomplice, girlfriend Tonya Bundick, a woman of steel-like strength and an inscrutable past. Theirs was a love built on impossibly tight budgets and simple pleasures. They were each other’s inspiration and escape…until they weren’t. Though it’s hard to believe today, one hundred years ago Accomack was the richest rural county in the nation. Slowly it’s been drained of its industry—agriculture—as well as its wealth and population. In an already remote region, limited employment options offer little in the way of opportunity. A mesmerizing and crucial panorama with nationwide implications, American Fire asks what happens when a community gets left behind. Hesse brings to life the Eastern Shore and its inhabitants, battling a punishing economy and increasingly terrified by a string of fires they could not explain. The result evokes the soul of rural America—a land half gutted before the fires even began.
Download and read online The Silent Second in PDF and EPUB Chuck Restic has achieved the American dream, but twenty years in Human Resources have pushed him into existential-crisis mode. Only when he sets out to find a missing employee from his L.A. firm does he feel alive again. Applying his HR skills and wit to his moonlight detective work, Chuck unravels a web of crooked real estate deals and three murders, while staving off a fourth: his own. Adam Walker Phillips is an executive at a global financial services company who used his corporate experience to inspire this debut mystery. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife and son.
Download and read online The Dead Beat in PDF and EPUB Marilyn Johnson was enthralled by the remarkable lives that were marching out of this world—so she sought out the best obits in the English language and the people who spent their lives writing about the dead. She surveyed the darkest corners of Internet chat rooms, and made a pilgrimage to London to savor the most caustic and literate obits of all. Now she leads us on a compelling journey into the cult and culture behind the obituary page and the unusual lives we don't quite appreciate until they're gone.
Download and read online Jeeves in the Offing in PDF and EPUB A Jeeves and Wooster novel Jeeves is on holiday in Herne Bay, and while he's away the world caves in on Bertie Wooster. For a start, he's astonished to read in The Times of his engagement to the mercurial Bobbie Wickham. Then at Brinkley Court, his Aunt Dahlia's establishment, he finds his awful former head master in attendance ready to award the prizes at Market Snodsbury Grammar School. And finally the Brinkley butler turns out for reasons of his own to be Bertie's nemesis in disguise, the brain surgeon Sir Roderick Glossop. With all occasions informing against him, Bertie has to hightail it to Herne Bay to liberate Jeeves from his shrimping net. And after that, the fun really starts.
Download and read online The Weight of Blood in PDF and EPUB For fans of Gillian Flynn, Scott Smith, and Daniel Woodrell comes a gripping, suspenseful novel about two mysterious disappearances a generation apart. INTERNATIONAL THRILLER WRITERS AWARD WINNER AND BARRY AWARD NOMINEE FOR BEST FIRST NOVEL • NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY BOOKPAGE The town of Henbane sits deep in the Ozark Mountains. Folks there still whisper about Lucy Dane’s mother, a bewitching stranger who appeared long enough to marry Carl Dane and then vanished when Lucy was just a child. Now on the brink of adulthood, Lucy experiences another loss when her friend Cheri disappears and is then found murdered, her body placed on display for all to see. Lucy’s family has deep roots in the Ozarks, part of a community that is fiercely protective of its own. Yet despite her close ties to the land, and despite her family’s influence, Lucy—darkly beautiful as her mother was—is always thought of by those around her as her mother’s daughter. When Cheri disappears, Lucy is haunted by the two lost girls—the mother she never knew and the friend she couldn’t save—and sets out with the help of a local boy, Daniel, to uncover the mystery behind Cheri’s death. What Lucy discovers is a secret that pervades the secluded Missouri hills, and beyond that horrific revelation is a more personal one concerning what happened to her mother more than a decade earlier. The Weight of Blood is an urgent look at the dark side of a bucolic landscape beyond the arm of the law, where a person can easily disappear without a trace. Laura McHugh proves herself a masterly storyteller who has created a harsh and tangled terrain as alive and unforgettable as the characters who inhabit it. Her mesmerizing debut is a compelling exploration of the meaning of family: the sacrifices we make, the secrets we keep, and the lengths to which we will go to protect the ones we love. Look for special features inside. Join the Random House Reader’s Circle for author chats and more. “[An] expertly crafted thriller.”—Entertainment Weekly, “The Must List” “Haunting . . . [a] riveting debut.”—Los Angeles Times “Laura McHugh’s atmospheric debut . . . conjures a menacingly beautiful Ozark setting and a nest of poisonous family secrets reminiscent of Daniel Woodrell’s Winter’s Bone.”—Vogue “Fantastic . . . a mile-a-minute thriller.”—The Dallas Morning News “Gripping . . . Her prose will not only keep readers turning the pages but also paints a real and believable portrait of the connections, alliances, and sacrifices that underpin rural, small-town life. . . . Strongly recommended for readers who enjoy thrillers by authors such as Laura Lippman and Tana French.”—Library Journal (starred review) “The sinister tone builds relentlessly.”—The Plain Dealer “Rich in character and atmosphere . . . This is one you won’t want to miss.”—Karin Slaughter “Daniel Woodrell better watch his back. . . . Weight of Blood is a tense, taut novel and a truly remarkable debut. . . . A suspenseful thrill ride that satisfies in all the right ways.”—BookPage From the Trade Paperback edition.
Download and read online Liz Jones s Diary in PDF and EPUB He is laidback, she makes Howard Hughes look like a slob. He is in his thirties, she isn't. He loves house music, she loves Location Location Location. He has never used Mr Muscle in his life, she uses Wheelie Bin liners. Can it ever work out? Will he learn to do hospital corners, will the Revive Eye Cream actually make her look ten years younger and will Squeaky ever fit through the cat flap? Liz Jones's Diary (how one single girl got married) is an hilarious and often heartbreakingly honest account of one relationship, from being stood up by the love of her life on Millenium Eve, to when she first meets a much younger and highly unsuitable man, through falling in love, getting married and finally, living together. If you have ever wondered why the man in your life ignores you/fails to recycle/forgets to buy Comfort/slams his wedding band on the table whilst announcing, 'its over ', then this is the book for you.


text:
If it were a banger car, you could sand it down, tape it off and go get an earl scheib i'll paint any car for $99.95 paint job.(boy i'm showing my age, hehe.) if you're driving a mustang, don't let me catch you with a cheapo paint job! If someplace quotes you $2k, run and don't look back.
#6 · jan 31, 2009.
Mustang paint jobs cost. Join our forum, interact with others, share your build, and help us strengthen this community! Spent about $800 total for 2k epoxy, 2k high build primer, basecoat and clearcoat. It has been years since any car that i've been around has been painted, so i have no idea at all what a good paintjob would cost.
It's cost some big bucks, but worth it in the end. Some basecoats will run you 800 for 1 gallon! The cheapo paint jobs end up bubbling, orange peeling and basically deteriorating after a couple years.
I have seen paint jobs run as little as $80 to as much as $25,000. Make sure they're going to remove all the trim, panels. I paid $500 for a paint job once, and it came out really good.
Heck, even if the total tab is only, oh say $8k, it's still not the majority that labor is. You can get a decent paint job at maaco or earl scheib (or any other cheap place). A good paint job on a mustang will cost between $10.000 to $12.000.
Materials are not not cheap for paint though. How much you end up paying will depend on how much of the prep work you do yourself, how much the materials cost the paint shop, etc. Maaco is a chain company originally located in north carolina with locations all across the united states that can paint your vehicle for a legitimately reasonable price.
But, it can range a higher cost up to $1,500 for a superior painting job. Best if you can go some place and have them do it all for you. I would think even if the paint cost twice as much as that $1k (give or take) per gallon, that is not the major cost of a good paint job.
Some of their higher end jobs are decent.but they obviously cost more. Paint is the first thing that gets people to look and judge your car. Make sure to do your homework and pick a reputable shop.
How much does a maaco paint job cost? The main cost is labor, but paint and other items are very expensive today. How much would a nice, complete paint job run these days?
Welcome to the ford mustang forum built for owners of the mustang gt350, boss 302, gt500, and all other s550, s197, sn95, fox body and older mustangs set up for open track days, road racing, and/or autocross. As the other have pointed out, price varies a lot. · 4y 1969 mustang grande, 2016 bmw x3 , 2010 nissan frontier.
It's all in the prep.but when you get a $400 paint job or whaever their cheap rate job is.they are going to cut corners. Besides, earl schreib has almost the same price, $900 for the same job. But, you’ll get comparatively the good quality service from maaco at around $300.
You could end up disappointed with the finished product. Most are happy with the results. Progress could go much slower than you would like.
This custom paint job is the perfect example of going all out to make sure your car stands out. Which includes molding removal and the car striped to bare metal. See more ideas about ford mustang, mustang, mustang cars.
You may end up with a good paint shop gone bad and potentially end up in paint shop prison. +1 on making sure all the body work is done before you have anyone paint it. If you need a new paint job, do it right and put in some money for it.
When a car like this mclaren 675lt spider gets a $60,000 mso (mclaren special operations) paint job, you bet the value is going to shoot up as well. We painted the 66 ourselves. Like someone said above, they're all different.
Paint and body work is an art, and a really good paint guy is hard to find. The cost is $3,500 to $5,000, and the warranty is three to five years. The estimated cost is $1,200 to $2,200, and the warranty is for six months to a year (set by the paint manufacturer).
You do not have to tell your insurance company or the dmv if you paint your car a different color, folks. It also depends on the people working there. Maaco's cheap paint jobs are what is terrible.
Depends on what you want i guess. #6 · dec 3, 2018. This service provider uses an inexpensive paint to repaint your car.

domain: economics


text:
Classroom and Community Programs
Even children as young as pre-schoolers can begin to learn the principles of empathy, cooperation, and personal safety. CHC offers a range of programs for children aged 4-10, or grades pre-K through 5, that are designed to lead children to making positive choices about their behavior and begin to develop good character and healthy habits.
Weekday Club Youth Support Program
Weekday Clubs are small groups--from six to ten students--that focus on a specific need or issue, such as managing anger and emotions, communication skills while also addressing the students' broader needs for developing resilience and the personal assets children need to suceed in school. A CHC contractor and a school counselor work together to create a safe, confidential environment that allows students to support one another as they interact in a variety of activities such as role-plays, art, games, and discussions.
The Crossroads Program
Crossroads is CHC's long-standing program that places a trusted, caring, and highly- trained adult in an elementary school to work with students who are dealing with difficult circumstances, negative behaviors and school failure.

domain: sociology


Fujifilm FinePix S602 Zoom Review
Now we'll use the data in our review database to compare the S602Z's colour and resolution to three other digital cameras: the Canon PowerShot G2, Sony DSC-S75 and Nikon Coolpix 995.
Colour Chart Comparison
Colour charts are shot in daylight, Auto White Balance, EV compensation +0.3 (all cameras), measured light ~10 EV. This test is also dependent on the accuracy of the camera's auto white balance, the colour charts are shot in daylight but some camera's white balance is better than others. All cameras are given 20 seconds to "settle" before the shot is taken.
|Fujifilm FinePix S602 Zoom||Canon PowerShot G2|
|Sony DSC-S75||Nikon Coolpix 995|
In the table below we're only measuring colour. The RGB values were measured from a VGA reduced image (to average colours, remove noise and eliminate JPEG artifacts) using the Eyedropper tool in Photoshop with a 5 by 5 Average Sample Size.
As we've already noted the S602Z's reds do have a fairly strong orange tinge to them.
Shots here are of the PIMA/ISO 12233 standard resolution test chart (more of which are available in our comparison database). This resolution chart allows us to measure the actual performance of the lens and sensor system. It measures the ability of the camera to resolve lines at gradually higher resolutions and enables us to provide a definitive value for comparison purposes. Values on the chart are 1/100th lines per picture height. So a value of 8 equates to 800 lines per picture height.
Studio light, cameras set to auto, all settings factory default. Exposure compensation +0.7 EV for all cameras.
|Horizontal resolution||Vertical resolution||5 degree diagonal res.|
|Fujifilm FinePix S602 Zoom (6 mp)|
|Canon PowerShot G2 (4 mp)|
|Sony DSC-S75 (3 mp)|
|Nikon Coolpix 995 (3 mp)|
Measurable findings (three measurements taken for each camera):
|Camera||Measurement||Absolute Res.||Extinction Res.|
|Fujifilm FinePix S602Z||Horiz LPH||1200||1400|
|5° Diagonal LPH||900||n/a|
|Canon PowerShot G2||Horiz LPH||1250||* 1450|
|Vert LPH||1200||* 1500|
|5° Diagonal LPH||1000||n/a|
|Sony DSC-S75||Horiz LPH||1050||* 1400|
|Vert LPH||1050||* 1400|
|5° Diagonal LPH||1000||n/a|
|Nikon Coolpix 995||Horiz LPH||* 1000||1300|
|Vert LPH||* 1000||1350|
|5° Diagonal LPH||* 900||n/a|
* Moiré is visible
Definition of terms:
|LPH||Lines per Picture Height (to allow for different aspect ratios the measurement is the same for horizontal and vertical)|
|5° Diagonal||Lines set at 5° diagonal|
|Absolute Resolution||Still defined detail (below Nyquist frequency*)|
|Extinction Resolution||Detail beyond camera's definition (becomes a solid gray alias)|
|n/a||Not Available (above the capability of the test chart)|
|n/v||Not Visible (not visible on test results)|
image detail. Beyond the Nyquist frequency aliasing occurs.
As we've seen before the SuperCCD algorithm does a good job at continuing our resolution chart detail beyond what we'd expect from the 3.1 megapixel sensor. This puts the S602Z's absolute resolution as better than three megapixel and just slightly less than four megapixel.
|Morning At Picture Lake by Buzz Lightyear|
from Dawns first rays
|AT-6 Harvard by jarud|
from Trainer aircraft
|Matterhorn by ewng|


text:
Research organisation Democratic Audit has published a report titled ‘Engaging young voters with enhanced election information’ according to which online resources provided by the Electoral Commission, BBC, local authorities and others do not present information in an integrated and user-friendly way.
Some of the recommendations included in the report are as folllows:
- The Cabinet Office, government and Electoral Commission should urgently review the easy-access online provision of election information before all forms of UK elections, and the timely online provision of election results after voting, with the aim of achieving common and robust standards across all elections and radical improvements in digital access by the 2015 general election.
- These bodies also consider how integrated, comprehensive sources of election results can encourage the easy development of voting and participation apps (on phones and PCs) by the widest possible range of media, charities, NGOs, universities and parties.
- A large-scale local experiment with online and weekend voting should be organised as soon as feasible.

domain: news


text:
With fighting games once again more popular than Rihanna’s shapely legs, we’ve seen quite a few fisticuffs titles released in recent years. New, old and in between, there’s plenty of material out there waiting to be explored once again. Mortal Kombat and Street Fighter made a comeback of note, and now, so will Darkstalkers, in a roundabout way.
Darkstalkers Resurrection is the name of a new re-release of the classic game, as Capcom workhorse Yoshinori Ono announced it at the New York Comic Con. Combining Darkstalkers 2: Revenge and Darkstalkers 3 into one package, the re-release will sport some HD filtering, chievos, spectator mode and anti-lag technology.
You’ll have access to the usual saved replays, which can be uploaded to YouTube, while most importantly, online matchmaking can be tailored based on region and pingy stuff. Capping that off, is a challenge mode for the die hard fans, which will task players with mastering every single character in the game.
Capcom has been looking to bring back Darkstalkers for several years now, with Ono himself dropping hints, saying that if fan demand was high enough, that could be a reality. Well, here’s the perfect measuring stick to see just how beloved that fighting game franchise really is.
Darkstalkers Resurrection is currently set for a PSN and Xbox Live Arcade launch in early 2013.
Last Updated: October 12, 2012

domain: game


text:
Foreign investors will now be allowed to own 100% of businesses in the Gulf kingdom of Bahrain, after the Bahraini government earlier this week approved an amendment to the country’s existing legislation.
Gulf press reports said Bahrain’s prime minister, Prince Khalifa Al Khalifa, presided at the cabinet meeting at which the amendment took place.
The decision to allow full ownership of businesses by foreign entities and individuals is intended to “spur growth, generate rewarding jobs for citizens, and attract businessmen to invest in various economic sectors”, Gulf news reports said, quoting a cabinet statement.
Bahrain is one of a number of Gulf countries that have been looking at boosting permissible levels of foreign ownership as a way of diversifying their economies, in the wake of economic hardship that has accompanied the recent plunge in world oil prices.
Other countries that have been reported to be considering similar moves, at least for certain types of businesses, include the United Arab Emirates and Oman. Last year, Apple was reported to have obtained an exemption to the UAE’s ownership laws – which mandate that foreigners not own more than 49% of any UAE firm unless it is incorporated in a free zone – but this was later denied by a government minister, according to a report in the Gulf News last August.
In June, Saudi Arabia said it would allow foreign entities to own 100% of Saudi retail and wholesale businesses, up from 75%, although those firms licensed to do so “must invest at least SR200m (US$53.3m) over the first five years after obtaining [their operating] license”, the English language Saudi Gazette noted at the time.
“Bahrain will stand a good chance to improve its rating on the index of Facility of Starting Business – an asset which will encourage leading international firms to establish in Bahrain – the gate to the GCC and the region,” said the Bahraini cabinet said, in a statement, according to the Gulf News.
Under the new ownership rules in Bahrain, foreign entities will be allowed to own 100% of companies in the kingdom that are involved in residency, food, administrative services, arts, entertainment and leisure, health and social work, information and communications, manufacturing, mining and quarrying, the supply of water, and professional, scientific, technical and real estate activities.


text:
late at night,
i dream about breaking in and taking back
everything i had to leave behind.
this is not figurative.
your disc drive on which is stored
every memory of my teenage years
an apt metaphor
for all that you took that i wouldn’t get back
no matter how many
windows i smashed or
doors i pried open
while you lay fast asleep in the bed we made.
how do i teach “poems that kill?”
how do i arm my students for this world
when the color of my skin makes me
a strange vessel, means that
i am the rightful target?
you convinced me that
you’d die without me, but still
almost killed us both.
it’s clean, honest work
the myth that lured me north; real
life demands a mess.
you are young, black, and impulsive.
everything I love you for
makes you somehow a threat to this world.
just like the bitter, clear air of late winter,
so cold it hurts to breathe–
twelve once, too.
i hold your fragile
ego in my palms and think:
oh, wow. no wonder.
i squeaked my way slowly down the stairs before dawn,
forgetting my glasses on the bedside table,
forgetting to turn on the lights,
forgetting everything but the dim glow from the streetlight,
the dull, heavy ache of my heart.
i never realized, or else, was made to forget: it is a fragile thing,
this heart of mine.
the streetlights flicker
on the sidewalk, in the cold–
on and off, on and
the change of seasons here is
no longer heralded by mud as it was in a past life;
it is instead marked only by
an inconstancy of coats.

domain: literature


text:
Dark Souls used to be a fantastic game, but the remastered version for PC is full of flaws. Before I tear it apart, let’s focus on the good:
The resolution can be changed now, and runs at a smooth 60 fps.
Many of the particle effects have been reworked or remarkably redone.
Most textures are supposedly uncompressed.
Specularity has been added to most of the game’s materials.
Conveniently, covenants in the game can now be swapped on-the-go at bonfires.
Invasion Priority, a terrible system, has been removed from the game.
The missing textures in the area Lost Izalith have been fixed.
They’ve patched the following bugs:
Menu based Item duplication
The “Tumble Swap” bug
“Dead Angles” and “Ghost Strikes”
The “ESM Flex Bug”
Dragon Head Item Swap
The Notorious Control Bug that remapped power attacking to start button
The “Ash Lake music bug” (Though only partially fixed)
Wind Physics bug in Darkroot Forest
The invisible legs glitch
Unfortunately, as is often the case in life, the good DOES NOT outweigh the…
Though they did finally fix the 60 hertz bug that prevented players with high refresh rate monitors from playing the game, The Priscilla Softlock bug, known quite “lovingly” by the Dark Souls community as “Moan Percent”, has not been fixed. This is a pretty serious game-breaking bug, and if this happens, the only fix is to uninstall and reinstall the game. The fact that this bug remains in the game despite all the documentation on it is just embarrassing, and after releasing the game in an unplayable state, you’d think the developers would notice this. But they haven’t.
Weapon-based matchmaking has been implemented into the game in the most incompetent way humanly possible. There are already a lot of people complaining that it causes issues for them trying to summon or be summoned across worlds for co-op. Also, invaders have already been making builds around this to completely circumvent the system. I won’t go into crazy detail about this, but from what we know now, this is going to cause problems later down the line after the population of the game starts to die down.
The Game speed in Dark Souls Remastered is tied directly to the framerate for some reason. Tying game speed to frame rate has been a bad practice in the industry for a number of years, and for good reason.
All the stuff you can do with cheat engine is back with a vengeance, as well as a new system that softbans innocent players that get invaded by hackers.
Phantom scaling has been implemented in the same broken way as it was in Dark Souls 3. Instead of having your individual stats adjusted, you instead just get a percentage reduction for your health and damage. This is incredibly lazy and just makes co-op less fun.
The post-boss battle grace period has been removed for no apparent reason. I guess they just don’t like players celebrating when a boss is killed.
There are a number of other bugs they failed to fix, and the ones that bug me the most are:
All the different forms of Chain Backstabbing
Friendly Phantoms can be parried.
Arbitrary Summon Lockouts
Backstab cancel via hit-stun
Backstab cancel via Backstab
The “Stone Sword Buff Swap” (“lovingly” known to the community as Prostate Cancer)
Enemy Desync/Holy Floating Doggo
Inaccurate bow aiming
Inconsistent frame drops
Menu Queue Clearing (Remastered only)
The “Shrug Chug Bug” (Remastered only)
Ornstein’s Charge Attack is still janky
The Halberd Running Attack animation glitch
The Halberd instant running attacks in swamps
Map objects desync sometimes when in multiplayer
The T-Rex glitch in The Painted World
Walking down some hills can kill your character. (Remastered only)
Mobile Bonfire/Ladder Desync (A really difficult to perform, albeit hilarious bug)
The Poopwalk (This isn’t really possible without outside help however)
Rolling through fall damage
This bug here… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4sXxN2t1nk
Broken Fog Gates
Sen’s Skip and everything associated with it.
Every other out of bounds glitch
And that’s about it for every bug that I personally know about. If you play Dark Souls Remastered, than tell me if I missed anything, Because I definitely missed some things, this game is so buggy, it’s unreal.
Oh boy, where do I even begin with this. Let’s start with the more literal definition of ugly, and look at some of the “improved” graphics. First, let’s compare the lava in Lost Izalith and the Demonic Ruins. This was the original texture:
Now take a look at the new texture from the remaster:
See, the original lava looks like real magma, but the remaster’s lava looks like pizza sauce! What happened here!?
Now, here is a side by side comparison of the original Dark Souls and the Remaster. It’s a bit difficult to tell which is which, isn’t it?
Also, it appears that ankles aren’t real anymore. Take a look at this image of someone performing a dodge roll. More specifically, the ankles. They twist in such inhuman ways that it emits a visceral reaction from people.
Now with that out of the way, let’s move onto metaphorical ugliness. One thing that I find quite ugly is the invading community. Since this is just the same game as before, everyone already knows what is powerful and what is not. This became really apparent as I was playing this game with my brother. Most invaders are just min-maxing goons out for blood, no fun allowed, chain backstab them over and over.
Another thing I noticed is that they didn’t switch the jump button while sprinting from the B button to L3. This was something that should have been changed, but I guess it would have been too hard. So, yeah.
Also, I said before that it’s good that covenants can now be swapped on the fly. But there is an issue, in which they removed the abandonment penalties for leaving them. They aren’t really covenants anymore, they’re just clubs.
Now instead of seeing what is there, let’s take a look at what isn’t. How about cloth physics for example. I would have been perfectly fine with the game if they at least added in physics to the silver knight capes or swaying of the tuft on the Dragonslayer helmet.
Being able to hold your offhand weapon with two hands. I kinda liked that in Dark Souls 2 you had the option to 2-hand your offhand weapon rather than just your main-hand weapon. This is only useful for specific builds, but it would have been nice.
Implementing omni-directional rolling into the game.
Showing the estus flask getting emptier as you use it like in Dark Souls 3. This would have been a super minor change, but they could have done it, it would have only taken them about 2 seconds.
Now I’m going to go over some of the common counter-arguments that people use to defend Dark Souls Remastered, and how I have just proved them wrong about this. I don’t expect to change anyone’s minds, as most people who want to love the game are determined to love the game. Nevertheless, I love making fun of people that say these things, so here we go.
Argument: It’s a remaster, they aren’t making gameplay changes.
Retort: Oh, they aren’t? Well, didn’t they raise the player count per world? Isn’t that a gameplay change? Oh, it doesn’t count? What about the healing mechanics in multiplayer? Those are definitely different. Oh, they don’t count either? Huh, how very selective of you. You say they aren’t going to make gameplay changes, but they already made gameplay changes. I oftentimes see people make this argument when people bring up putting omni-directional rolling into the game, saying it’s going to make the game easier. Now correct me if I’m wrong, but having 3 friendly phantoms carrying you through the game makes it a lot easier. Things like omni-directional rolling would just make the game more enjoyable, and if you’re crazy enough that you desire 4-directional rolling, try playing the original game with a mouse and keyboard, I dare you.
Argument: It’s fine on consoles.
Retort: This is true, and I said before that the original console versions are generally inferior to the remaster on those platforms. If you haven’t been able to play the original game before, and this is your first chance, then Dark Souls Remastered is a decent purchase. If you have, than just don’t.
Argument: It’s good because it makes the multiplayer active again.
Retort: This is a half truth. Yes, it will make the multiplayer active… temporarily. I don’t expect the high population to last for more than a few more months, due to all the poorly implemented stuff that makes co-op almost impossible and invaders already making builds to twonk the hell out of it.
Argument: This is just a re-release for the current consoles.
Retort: Except it’s not. They’re releasing it on PC as an “improved and definitive” version. They even went so far as to remove the original game from Steam, which I feel pretty insulted about considering the history with the original game. The original game started out in a bad state, with unchangeable resolution, 30fps lock, unusable keyboard and mouse controls that required you to use a controller, and there was never a patch to fix this. Fortunately, modders stepped in and finished the game for FromSoftware. Within 23 minutes of the original games release, a modder had released DSfix, which was essentially the finishing touch to the game, giving it features like changeable resolution and removed the fps lock, allowing the game to run up to 60. However, BandaiNamco, the company that held the rights to Dark Souls, doesn’t like it when their games are modded in any way. So 6 years after the original game’s release, BandaiNamco said “hey, here’s our fix for the game. It’s gonna cost you $40.” So it’s ok to deny your customers basic features to sell those features 6 years down the line? How tragic.
The Final Verdict:
Before I give my final verdict on the game, I would like to thank my brother Josh Van Voorhis for helping with the research into the game, as well as these fellow players of mine:
Is this game worth the price?: ABSOLUTELY NOT! Just stick to the original game and you will thank me. Am I still a salt mine due to this game? Considering the fact that I wrote this article, you probably know the answer. Thanks for putting up with my frustration, and if you disagree with me OR you found something I missed, leave it in the comments for discussion.

domain: hobby


text:
No sex, no cheering, masks on the podium and eating alone… welcome to the Joyless Games! Updated Tokyo 2020 rulebook highlights extreme restrictions on athletes due to Covid
- Athletes will be under extreme restrictions at Tokyo 2020 because of Covid-19
- The Olympic Games rulebook now prohibits sex, cheering and eating together
- Contravention of any rules could be punished by being ejected from the Games
- Several overseas visitors have already tested positive since arriving in Tokyo
- Find out the latest Tokyo Olympic news including schedule, medal table and results right here
No sex. No cheering. Eat alone. If competitors and support staff at this summer’s Covid-affected Tokyo Olympics don’t abide by these rules and many others, they risk getting kicked out.
The latest ‘Playbook’ of rules for the 90,500 overseas visitors to the Games – 11,500 athletes plus 79,000 coaches, support staff and officials – is explicit in stating this in a section headlined: ‘Non-respect of the Playbook’.
‘Failure to comply with these rules may result in disciplinary consequences,’ it says, listing just some of the things that might land you in trouble, from refusing to take a daily Covid test, to ‘intentionally disrespecting mask wearing’ to not adhering to social distancing.
The main dining hall in the Olympic Village at Tokyo 2020, where athletes will have to eat alone
Competitors will have to comply with extreme restrictions at the Games because of Covid
The penalties range from warnings to fines to exclusion from the Games, to disqualification if an ‘offence’ happens after an individual’s competition is finished.
The sex ban has been alluded to by the organisers in several ways. The latest Playbook says attendees must ‘avoid physical contact, including hugs and handshakes’, and ‘keep physical interactions with others to a minimum’.
Since the Seoul Olympics in 1988, Games organisers have given away hundreds of thousands of condoms to promote safe sex at Olympic villages packed with thousands of the fittest young men and women in the world. Tokyo’s organising committee have scrapped their plan to give away 160,000 condoms this time, saying they will instead be given out when athletes go home.
For the first time in any sporting event’s history, all attendees are obliged to own a smartphone, on which it is mandatory to install two Apps, one of which is daily health checker, the other to track and trace. You must enter the results of your daily Covid test as well as your temperature and other details about your well-being every day.
People from different delegations wait for Covid test results on arrival at Narita airport
If you don’t own a smartphone, you have to rent one on arrival and cannot leave the airport without one, with the Apps installed, also having shown proof of a negative test within 72 hours of departure to Japan. A further test is conducted on arrival at and that too must be negative before you can board a Games-approved vehicle to go to your accommodation. Using public transport is not allowed.
By Friday, there had been at least seven Covid cases in Japan among foreign Games delegations : two from Uganda, one from Israel, one from Serbia, one from Russia and one from a nation still to be confirmed. Both Ugandans had been double-jabbed and all those affected had had negative Covid tests within 72 hours of departure. A Nigerian official in his 60s was the first Games visitor to be hospitalised with Covid, on Friday.
The first case, last month, was a Ugandan coach and he was denied formal entry to the country, and sent instead to a special ‘isolation facility’.
Any Games participant testing positive for Covid will be sent to these facilities, typically local business hotels repurposed for the pandemic. You might also end up in one of those if you are ‘pinged’ as a close contact of a confirmed Covid carrier.
Security at the athlete’s village. Every foreign delegation will have a Covid Liaison Officer
In a note to those who might be detained, the Playbook says: ‘Your team will be allowed to bring you things (in the facility). However raw food, alcohol and cigarettes are prohibited. Smoking and drinking alcohol during your recuperation period will be strictly prohibited. You will not be allowed to go outside the hotel … The location and length of your isolation period will be determined by the Japanese health authorities.’
The updated Playbook rules are understandably extreme given recent opinion polls showing 80 per cent of Japan opposes these Olympics, although that figure has moved sharply downwards, even with many prefectures recently under a state of emergency.
All fans are now banned from attending any event, after organisers extended the ban on foreign visitors to include all domestic ticket holders. This move came after it was announced Japan is entering a new state of emergency as Covid-19 cases continue to arise.
Even when the plan was to allow domestic fans to attend, cheering, singing and flag-waving were banned, as was any spectator communication above a whisper.
The Games have caused huge controversy in Japan, with 80 per cent of locals opposing them
The Playbook messaging appears to serve two purposes: to encourage strict adherence to all Covid protocols, even if this results in a largely joyless Games; and to promote the idea the Olympics won’t endanger locals.
‘The ‘safety first’ rules are there to protect you, all Games participants and the people of Tokyo and Japan,’ the Playbook says. ‘But the success of the Games depends on every single one of us taking responsibility for following the Playbook at all times – starting now.’
Every foreign delegation will be assigned a Covid Liaison Officer, and every participant will have a list of people (as small as possible) that they need to associate with while in Japan.
‘Spend time only with the people identified on the list of regular contacts you provided to your CLO,’ says the Playbook. ‘Eat meals keeping two metres away from others unless instructed otherwise, or eat by yourself, keeping contacts to a minimum.’
Medal ceremonies will go ahead, although all involve will need to wear masks.
Share this article
Source: Read Full Article


text:
Faculty's perspective on skill assessment in undergraduate medical education: Qualitative online forum study
Meenakshi P Khapre1, Harshal Sabane2, Sonia Singh3, Rashmi Katyal4, Anil Kapoor5, Dinesh K Badyal6
1 Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
2 Department of Community Medicine, SSR Medical College, Belle Rive, Mauritius
3 Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
4 Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
5 Department of Medicine, Peoples College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
6 Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Dr. Meenakshi P Khapre
Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
BACKGROUND: India is at the nascent stage of competency-based medical education. Faculties trained in medical education are the main driving force for change. The present study explores the perception of faculties about the current practices and problems in medical/dental/nursing undergraduate assessment, barriers to adoption of best practices, and solutions for addressing them.
METHODOLOGY: A qualitative study was designed and data collected through an asynchronous online discussion forum. A group of 31 health professionals (FAIMER fellows selected on the basis of active participation in department of medical education of respective colleges) participated in the forum. An open-ended topic guide with prompts was designed. The forum was initiated by release of discussion topics (threads) at the start of the month and remained in forum throughout the month. Researchers moderated and recorded day-to-day events. All online forum data were coded line by line and analyzed using conventional content analysis.
RESULTS: Four categories generated were: (1) Low utility of current skill assessment system due to low validity and reliability; (2) Barrier in adopting newer assessment tool due to the absence of felt need of faculties and students, mistaken beliefs, and limited resources; (3) Poor implementation of newer assessment tools such as formatives and objective structured clinical examination with no blueprinting; and (4) Solutions proposed were regular formative assessment, criterion-based examination, quality-assured faculty development programs, and administrative support.
CONCLUSIONS: Barriers in adopting newer assessment tools are related to the faculty's perception and resource constraint. This can be addressed by quality-assured faculty development programs and effective implementation of competency-based education.

domain: medical


text:
Upgrading electronics in combination diesel performance with performance exhaust and air intakes to help your engine breath easer. This is accomplished in several ways according to diesel performance the particular transmission. Trucks wanted for testing edge is diesel performance looking for truck testers.
Manufacturers diesel performance please select a1 technologies aero exhaust afe ats diesel perf. Click here now diesel performance to see some awesome pulling videos. When fuel economy is put diesel performance into perspective.
Shell v-power diesel is the first and only premium diesel to use this special synthetic fuel technology which is created from natural diesel performance gas using a unique synthesis process from shell. Technologies are being diesel performance developed that can make diesel much cleaner and more fuel-efficient. Apparatus for a diesel engine having an expandable combustion chamber, comprising: a housing disposed to be attached to a boundary wall of the combustion chamber, and having an internal recess diesel performance therewithin; an insert mounted within the internal recess to form a permanently evacuated region between the outer surface of the insert and the surface of the internal recess and to form an initial combustion chamber that is substantially surrounded by the inner surface of the insert and that communicates with a combustion chamber; at least one heat shield interposed between the outer surface of the insert and the boundary walls of the internal recess to reflect back toward the insert the heat which is radiated thereby; and fuel inlet means attached to the housing and disposed to introduce fuel into the initial combustion chamber.
This helps prevent conflicts with the factory diesel performance ecu signals.This helps prevent conflicts with the diesel truck burnouts factory diesel performance ecu signals. All delphi additives are diesel performance alcohol free.

domain: chemistry


text:
Mye de Leon - Today is Going to Be a Great Day! - Illustrated Inspiration
Mon, 20 May 2019 - Travel & inspiration
Mye de Leon's inspiration - Today is Going to Be a Great Day!Read more
Fri, 28 Dec 2018 - Travel & inspiration
Zelda Fitzgerald is a famous figure in the literary world. Married to Scott Fitzgerald, author of The Great Gatsby, among other well-regarded novels, Zelda was also an accomplished writer. She penned Save Me the Waltz, along with many letters and stories!
Kate Wong illustrated Zelda Fitzgerald's lovely quote here in today's page from our bestselling Today is Going to Be a Great Day calendar, "Let's think only of today and not worry about tomorrow." Kate is an illustrator living out of Santa Clara, CA. She uses vibrant color and whimsical style, and pulls inspiration from everyday life.
Get inspired every day with Page-A-Day's inspirational calendars.


text:
Krista Franklin, La Rosa, 2007, mixed-media collage on Moleskin notebook, 3 ½ x 5 ½”. Entry for “Hair” in Encyclopedia Vol. 2, F-K.
Encyclopedia projects have frequently been completed at the pinnacle of a nation’s or an empire’s power, and yet the fact that they appear at this peak means they’re also harbingers of decline. Diderot’s Encyclopédie of 1751-72 may have been produced during Louis XV’s decadent reign, but it also helped create the conditions for the French monarchy’s precipitous fall. The Encyclopædia Britannica ’s 11th edition—generally considered its finest—was published in 1910-11 on the eve of the Great War that hastened the implosion of Western Europe’s global might. Even Pliny the Elder’s Naturalis Historia, from circa 77-79 AD, was compiled as Rome began its slow pivot from center of an empire to repeatedly sacked city.
So where does that put the Encyclopedia project, edited by Tisa Bryant, Miranda Mellis, and Kate Schatz, volume two of which has now been published? To a certain degree it mimics the aforementioned examples in signaling a transition from a culturally authoritative knowledge to one that allows for more democratic participation. The first volume, published in 2006, covered the letters A–E; the latest, letters F–K. The opening and closing entries give a good sense of the range, both in terms of topics and format. “Fable,” written by Robin Coste Lewis, is nine pages of mostly one-line sentences and fragments that touch on Aesop’s Fables, slavery, and Buddhism. “Kitt, Eartha” is a color reproduction of a collage by Krista Franklin that juxtaposes images of Kitt, tulips, TV Guide, and a flattened landscape.
In between these two entries are quite serious ones and others that are less so. Similarly, the writing and art encompass a wide range of styles: from Sun Yung Shin’s brief, poetic list of images for the category “Korean Cinema”; to a fairly conventional short memoir Roohi Choudhry contributed for “Foreigner”; to Matias Viegener’s more critical-scholarly account of Pee-wee Herman; to a conversation between Merrill Gilfillan and Erika Howsare for “Gilfillan, Merrill.” Beautifully designed and slyly smart and funny, Encyclopedia Vol. 2 F–K may come closest to creative nonfiction, but perhaps this is a more honest assessment of how various forms of knowledge come to be assembled.


text:
Your shopping cart is empty!
0 reviews / Write a review
Opt for an effortless silhouette with a touch of high-shine glamour with these metallic leather ballerinas from Tod's. The rose-gold hue will add a warm glow to downtime denim looks.
Tod's Metallic leather ballerinas Copper DT9JGEEJ
Write a review

domain: design


text:
Today I Uploaded 15 photos with each are in largest version. From several photograph in History coloring sheets pictures, you would probably have Coloring pages with decor. Nonetheless, if you don’t appropriate with inspiring creativity, you might still take a look concept. Even so I recommend you can use as an design decor, although also has interesting decoration concept. Don’t disremember for share this History coloring sheets black history month coloring pages best coloring pages for kids motorcycle coloring pages to friend or your family. So they are would probably get with to establish they Coloring pages. I am delighted can share also as well as to you all. Maybe you can find which all the time are you seek.
History Coloring Sheets history coloring sheets american history coloring pages for kids coloring sheets for teens. history coloring sheets history coloring pages pictures 132 biohazard symbol color. history coloring sheets coloring black history coloring pages with colouring sheets month santa claus coloring book. history coloring sheets usa printables womens suffrage coloring sheet american history biohazard symbol color. history coloring sheets thanksgiving history coloring sheets 012 flash coloring pagesemo coloring pages. history coloring sheets my homeschool printables history coloring pages volume 4 tigger coloring pages. history coloring sheets train history coloring pages trans continental railroad history free download. history coloring sheets american history coloring pages history coloring pages classroom cute dog coloring pages.
|Image file size||:||346 KB|
|Image dimension||:||648 x 884 pixels|
|Image versions||:||S / M / L|

domain: entertainment