text:
FEELING SALTY? It definitely happens. Sometimes our mood becomes a little prickly, prompting our friends and family members to kindly steer clear of us for a few minutes, giving us a chance to cool our heels. But if you're feeling basalty, that's an entirely different and oh-so-delightful matter. If you're basalty, you might be longing for a road trip, to the Eastern Sierra, near Mammoth Mountain, where one of the Golden State's most unusual natural wonders brings basalt-centered beauty to an exquisitely beautiful landscape. It's Devils Postpile National Monument we're feeling basalty over, a not-so-easy-to-reach marvel that is famous for its strange and stately basalt columns, and countless pieces of former columns, rocky chunks piled up, picturesquely, at the base of the columns.
DEVILS POSTPILE... isn't totally hard-to-reach, of course, but it is shuttered for over half of the year due to snowfall and impassable road conditions. But here's some news to be basalty over: The route into the monument, and nearby Reds Meadow, has now been cleared for the 2022 season, and the remarkable region will officially reopen on Friday, June 17. Taking a shuttle down to the hike-tastic area from the Mammoth Mountain Main Lodge? Pretty much "almost everyone" must choose this option, says the National Park Service, so be sure to secure your ticket at the Mammoth Mountain Adventure Center (they're $15 for an adult and $7 for kids ages 3 to 15).
HAPPENING NOW: If you thought wildflowers had wrapped their 2022 run, be prepared to be excited: Blossoms are beginning to open in the area, a common but uncommonly sublime Sierra sight as summer arrives. Also? The waterfalls, including the powerfully prismatic Rainbow Falls, are looking especially gushy as spring comes to a close. Read up on visiting, the hours to keep in mind, how to secure a ticket and a shuttle ride, and all of the basalty stuff now. Shuttle service will conclude on Sept. 11, 2022.
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domain: news


Applications are invited from all interested, eligible, talented and motivated candidates for the posts of Sub Inspector, Assistant Sub Inspector, Head Constable and Constable by the Elite Police Training School under contract base these Jobs in Elite Police 2017 Training School Bedian Road. Here we will be mention the application form, eligibility criteria, Last & Test Date about these positions mention above. According to the number of positions so 5 posts of Sub Inspector and also Assistant Sub Inspector, 09 posts of Head Constable and 24 positions of Constable. If you are interested for obtain that any position so physically and written test will be take by the national testing service (NTS). Physical fitness will be judge through measurement test. Please keep visit on this page to get latest updates about Elite Police jobs / vacancies 2017 training school bedian road.
Those candidates are interested for becoming the part of Elite police organization and want to finalize their training from that Elite police school which is located at Bedian Road Lahore. All the selected candidates will be get all allowances along with basic pay scale. Elite Police recruitment will not be given pension after retirement. All positions will be filled according to the rules and regulation of Punjab Police. One year contract duration provided to all interested eligible candidates for each position.
Jobs in Elite Police 2017 Training School Bedian Road Application Form
- Last Date to apply: 18th to 19th May 2017
- Scrutiny List will be display: 23rd May 2017
- Physical Test will be held: 25th May 2017
- Written Test will be held: 09th July 2017
- Interview: 18th July 2017
All the interested, eligible and energetic candidates who want to become the part of Elite Police Lahore so they will be submitted their applications along with all testimonial important copies of educational certificates, discharge certificate, 3 copies of CNIC and 3 passport size photographs to the following address of Elite Police Training School Bedian Road Lahore before the last date 18 to 19 May 2017. Interview and test will be held on 19th July 2017 by the NTS. If you touch with us so then we will be provide for you all latest information regarding, scrutiny list, physical test, written test and interview.


Woocommerce plugin for WordPress, is the easiest way to start selling your products online. It handles many different payment options, gateways, tax calculations, shipments and even stock tracking. All you need is installing the plugin and start adding your products. While plugin has many great features, for a shop with only downloadable products, you won’t […]
Plugins are great tools that empower our blogs. They add several excellent features that enable us to build better sites. However, if you are planning to serve to a large audience, you have to be careful about the plugins you use. Not only for security, but also for page speed performances. In this review, we […]
Kullandıklarım Radore Hız: Çok iyi Kapasite: Kapasitesi iyi Yönetilebilirlik: Paneli çok sınırlı Destek: Hızlı Uzak.net Hız: Oldukça hızlı Kapasite: Sağladığı disk kapasitesi çok az Yönetilebilirlik: Cpanel Destek: İyi (3) NetServer Çok hızlı fakat sakın kullanmayın Çünkü, destek ve iletişim sıfır
I recently created a few websites and I realized that I am constantly installing same plugin set to all new sites. So I wanted to share this list with you, maybe you can find some useful assets in this list too.
Video shows convergence of a steady-case propeller CFD analysis using OpenFoam. Propeller designed by Milper Propeller Tech is analyzed using coarse mesh settings in OpenFoam. Design: PropDesign (internal software) Analysis: OpenFoam Duration: 20 minutes!
In order to display search form on your theme, either you can use search widget on your sidebar, or you can add it manually using php template below: <?php get_search_form( $echo ); ?> Default WordPress Search Template If you have a searchform.php in your theme folder, this template displays contents of that file. If you […]
To develop themes and plugins for WordPress, a local working environment is best. You can easily create a local working environment on your Windows computer using WAMP. WAMP is a software package for installation of Apache+Mysql+PHP. It saves you time by combining multiple setups together. In this video tutorial we are showing you how to […]
If you get memory exhausted fatal errors on your blog, maybe its time to increase memory limit for PHP. In this post, you will find various ways to increase memory limit for WordPress using php and htaccess files. When PHP scripts get complex they require more memory than regular php files. When PHP is lower […]


Learn why your computer may not be utilizing all available RAM
Episode #13-01 released on September 4, 2022
Your computer is a complexed device that requires the use of a processor, bios chip, and other processing chips that all work together to provide the information and processing power necessary for the tasks your computer was designed to do.
In the case of desktop and laptop computers, a portion of the RAM can be dedicated to CPU for integrated graphics. Therefore, if you have 16 GB of RAM, it is possible that a small portion of that is not available to rest of computer. This amount is typically adjustable in the BIOS itself.
Now, we have to look at the mainboard itself, is it capable of supporting the RAM installed in the system? Some mainboards can support up to 16, 32, or 64 of RAM and no more. The manufacture can have reasons for not being able to support more RAM. If you happened to install compatible RAM that, also, exceeds the maximum of supported of RAM, you would not be able to use it all.
The next possibility is the operating system. Yes, Windows has been guilty of limiting available RAM and locking it behind features. Currently Windows 10 Home allows you to install on 128GB, which means if you installed 256GB of RAM, you would again not be able to use it all. You can, also, have an unlicensed version of Windows that would prevent many features from being used completely.
Up to this point, we have always assumed the RAM worked in the first place. However, it is possible that the RAM does not work at all, and even your BIOS is unaware of it. Or it is unable to access it.
It can, also, be incompatible RAM, although, usual behavior to defective or incompatible RAM would lead the system to simply not post. However, if you got the computer to post, incompatible RAM would not be able to use it.
Host : Steve Smith | Music : | Editor : Steve Smith | Producer : Zed Axis Dot Net


June 30, 2020
SGIL TAWAATL’LYAAY FAIRY SLIPPER
Caplypso bulbosa Orchidacea
Found on the hlk’inxa forest floor, the SGil tawaatl’lyaay Fairy Slipper is a delicate orchid that grows in abundance throughout the rainforests of Haida Gwaii, and down the Pacific coast as far south as California.
Our local variety of Fairy Slipper is magenta-purple and white in colour. Nestled in moss, it grows singular flowers from a corn (bulb). The corns are buttery and rich in taste earning them the name skil taw black cod grease. It is said that Haida girls ate the globe-shaped corms raw in the hopes that this would increase their bust size.
Fairy Slippers are designated as being of importance to the Haida as ‘medicinal plants’ and are therefore protected by law on Xaayda Gwaay.yaay Haida Gwaii. These precious colonies of wild orchids are easily disturbed, and habitat destruction remain a significant threat to the diminutive flower. Please be sure to watch your step and stay on the trail while exploring our Island home.
Discover the flora and fauna of Haida Gwaii with Ocean House:
Source Credit: CHN - HaidaNation.ca / Haida Laas, February 2017


Florida Sports Betting Laws
Florida’s sports betting landscape is an ever-evolving drama, steeped in legal battles, economic projections, and public opinion sways. Whether you’re an avid sports fan, a concerned citizen, or a policy junkie, the developments in this sector have far-reaching implications. This comprehensive USD Gambling blog post aims to provide a 360-degree view of this hot topic, including the latest events as of December 1 2023.
Top Related Reads:
- Where is online gambling regulated in U.S.?
- Is BetMGM legal in Florida?
- Is DraftKings legal in Florida?
- Is FanDuel legal in Florida?
- What is the best Las Vegas online casino?
Journey of Florida’s Sports Betting History
Sports betting in Florida isn’t just a recent phenomenon or flash-in-the-pan issue; it’s a subject deeply rooted in legislative battles, public opinion, and economic considerations. Here’s a more in-depth look at how Florida’s unique and often tumultuous relationship with sports betting has evolved over time.
The Murphy v. NCAA Decision: A Sea Change for the United States
In May 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Murphy v. NCAA changed the landscape of sports betting across America. The Court struck down a federal law that prohibited most states from authorizing sports betting, effectively giving each state the power to legalize, regulate, and tax the activity. For many states, this decision was a catalyst that set off a flurry of legislative actions aimed at capturing new revenue streams and providing consumers with regulated, safe options for sports wagering.
|May 2018||Murphy v. NCAA||Overturned the federal prohibition on state-authorized sports betting|
Florida’s Slow Response: Why the Hold-Up?
While states like New Jersey and Pennsylvania immediately capitalized on this ruling by legalizing and regulating sports betting, Florida was far more cautious. Legislative efforts remained mired in complex discussions around the economic benefits versus the social costs of gambling expansion. Additionally, Florida had to contend with a unique legal landscape, including existing gaming compacts with Native American tribes and a state constitution that limited the types of gambling that could be approved without a public vote.
|Nov 2018||Amendment 3||Required voter approval for gambling expansion|
Amendment 3: A Voter-Driven Hurdle
In November 2018, Florida voters passed Amendment 3, which mandated that any new types of gambling could only be introduced with voter approval via a constitutional amendment. This presented a new hurdle for sports betting advocates, effectively making it more complicated to navigate through the legislative process.
The DeSantis-Seminole Compact: A High-Stakes Move
Not to be deterred, Governor Ron DeSantis took a proactive approach. In April 2021, he brokered a compact with the Seminole Tribe, bypassing the need for a public vote by structuring the deal in a way that confined sports betting to tribal lands, even if bets could be placed online from anywhere in the state.
|Apr 2021||DeSantis-Seminole Compact||Proposed a workaround to Amendment 3 by restricting sports betting to tribal lands|
Challenges and Scrutiny: The Roadblocks Continue
While DeSantis’s move was crafty, it was far from universally accepted. Legal challenges ensued, with various groups arguing that the compact was in violation of Amendment 3. This set the stage for further litigation, creating an air of uncertainty that has lasted until very recently.
|Oct 2021||Legal Challenges||Lawsuits filed to halt the compact|
Ongoing Saga of Florida Sports Betting
The pathway for sports betting in Florida has been rife with bumps, twists, and turns. Economic interests, legal challenges, and voter-driven amendments have all played significant roles in shaping this multifaceted issue. As the state’s lawmakers, courts, and voters grapple with how to move forward, online betting remains an open question, a puzzle still missing some crucial pieces.
In light of all these complexities, Florida’s cautious pace can be better understood. It’s a state caught between lucrative promises and legal quandaries, between eager bettors and cautious voters. And so, the saga continues, as convoluted and intriguing as ever.
Timeline: Milestones in FL Sports Betting
|May 2018||Murphy v. NCAA||Allowed states to legalize sports betting|
|Nov 2018||Amendment 3 Passed||Requires voter approval for gambling expansion|
|Apr 2021||DeSantis-Seminole Compact||Projected billions in revenue|
|Jul 2021||Federal Approval||U.S. Department of the Interior approves the compact|
|Oct 2021||Legal Challenges||Various groups file lawsuits to halt the compact|
|May 2022||Lower Court Ruling||Finds the compact violates Amendment 3|
|Oct 2023||Supreme Court Ruling||Rejects bid to block the compact|
The 2021 Compact: A Billion-Dollar Gamble
In April 2021, Republican Governor Ron DeSantis negotiated a compact with the Seminole Tribe of Florida. The U.S. Department of the Interior approved this compact in July 2021. It aimed to bring in $2.5 billion in new revenue over five years and an estimated $6 billion by 2030.
Florida Sport Betting Legal Obstacles and Court Rulings
While the compact was hailed as an economic boon, it wasn’t smooth sailing. Various groups filed lawsuits, claiming the agreement violates Amendment 3, which requires voter approval for any gambling expansion.
FL Betting News: October 2023 Supreme Court Ruling
On a fateful Wednesday in October 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected an emergency bid to block the multibillion-dollar agreement between Florida and the Seminole Tribe. The court’s order means that sports betting could soon be a reality in Florida, although other pending state court challenges could still impact the timing.
|Oct 2023||Supreme Court Ruling||Clears a major legal obstacle for the compact|
VIDEO: Supreme Court allows mobile sports betting at Florida tribal casinos
Economic Impact of Florida Sports Gambling: Billions in Play
The financial ramifications of legalizing sports betting in Florida cannot be overstated. According to the compact struck between Governor Ron DeSantis and the Seminole Tribe, Florida stands to gain a whopping $2.5 billion in new revenue over the course of the next five years. By the year 2030, this figure is expected to escalate to an estimated $6 billion.
Revenue Generation: Where Will the Money Go?
One pertinent question is how Florida intends to allocate this new-found wealth. In the past, states with legalized sports betting have channeled their revenues towards essential public services such as education, infrastructure, and healthcare. Florida could follow suit, providing a much-needed boost to underfunded sectors.
|Year||Projected Revenue||Potential Use|
|2025||$2.5 Billion||Education, Infrastructure|
|2030||$6 Billion||Healthcare, Public Safety|
Economic Spillover: Beyond Direct Revenue
It’s also essential to consider the broader economic benefits. Legalized sports betting could trigger a cascade of economic activity, including job creation in the hospitality and service sectors. New sports bars, betting shops, and online platforms could emerge, all necessitating human capital.
FL Sports Betting Risks and Caveats: No Free Lunch
While the revenue projections paint a rosy picture, it’s crucial to note the potential risks, such as regulatory costs and the volatility of the gambling market. External economic conditions, shifts in consumer behavior, or even poor regulatory implementation could all temper these optimistic projections.
Public Opinion on Sports Betting in FL: A House Divided
Florida’s citizens stand on both sides of the fence regarding sports betting legalization. The promise of bolstered state coffers and new entertainment avenues has many advocates, but there is a significant and vocal group that fears the social repercussions.
The Proponents: Revenue and Recreation
Many Floridians are excited about the prospect of legalized sports betting for a multitude of reasons. From providing a thrilling new form of recreation to driving tourism, the upsides in public discourse are numerous. Moreover, supporters often point to the potential economic benefits as a key selling point.
|Proponents||Supportive||Economic benefits, Entertainment|
The Critics: Societal Costs
On the flip side, a faction of the population is concerned about the moral and societal implications, chiefly the potential for an increase in gambling addiction. Critics argue that the immediate financial benefits may be overshadowed by long-term costs, including healthcare expenditures related to addiction treatment and social services.
|Critics||Opposed||Gambling addiction, Societal cost|
Finding a Middle Ground?
As the debate rages on, the question remains: can a middle ground be found that satisfies both the economic aspirations and the societal concerns? Public policy is often about striking a delicate balance, and sports betting in Florida is no different.
The economic and societal implications of legalizing sports betting in Florida offer a nuanced tableau. While the prospect of billions in revenue is tantalizing, the divisive public opinion reflects a broader debate about what kind of society Floridians want to live in. As the state continues to move forward, these considerations will undoubtedly play a significant role in shaping the future of sports betting in Florida.
FL Sports Betting: An Unfolding Drama
As of October 2023, the sports betting saga in Florida continues to unfold. With billions of dollars, legal complexities, and public opinion in the mix, the stakes couldn’t be higher. The Supreme Court’s latest ruling has breathed new life into the 2021 compact, but the endgame is far from clear. With further legal challenges pending, Florida’s sports betting landscape is still a bet that could go either way.
The road ahead for FL sports betting is uncertain, but what’s undeniable is that sports betting in Florida has entered an exciting, albeit contentious, new chapter. Whether you’re placing your bets or just watching from the sidelines, the next moves promise to be nothing short of riveting.
HardRock.bet is the first legal Florida online sports betting site from the Seminoles. It remains to be seen if the Seminole Indian tribe will also operate online sports betting from their Florida casinos’ websites as well. We’ll keep you informed as the story progresses.
Florida Sports Betting FAQs:
What is the current status of sports betting in Florida
- The legality of sports betting in Florida is currently in a state of flux due to ongoing legal challenges, despite a compact agreement between the state and the Seminole Tribe.
What is the compact agreement between Florida and the Seminole Tribe?
- The compact agreement, signed in 2021, allows the Seminole Tribe to operate online sports betting platforms for anyone within the state of Florida, not just on tribal lands.
What led to the legal challenges against the compact?
- The compact faced legal scrutiny because it allowed sports bets from anywhere in the state, which was challenged as a violation of federal laws governing gambling on Native American lands.
What was the U.S. Supreme Court’s involvement in Florida’s sports betting scenario?
- The U.S. Supreme Court temporarily placed a stay on a lower court ruling approving the compact, but later lifted the stay, indicating a favorable stance towards the gambling deal.
What was the stance of the Biden Administration on this issue?
- The Biden Administration urged the U.S. Supreme Court to allow an appeals-court ruling to move forward, indicating federal interest in resolving the matter.
How will the compact impact Florida’s economy?
- The compact is expected to generate substantial revenue for both the state and the Seminole Tribe through online sports betting and expanded casino offerings.
When can Floridians expect online sports betting to be legally available?
- The exact timeline remains uncertain due to the ongoing legal battles, but developments in the courtroom are keenly anticipated to provide clarity.
Are there any physical locations in Florida where sports betting is legal?
- The compact primarily concerns online sports betting, but it also encompasses expanded casino offerings on tribal lands.
What sports would be covered under online sports betting?
- The compact is expected to cover a wide range of sports, though the exact details may be determined once legal hurdles are cleared and operations commence.
How will the compact affect other forms of gambling in Florida?
- The compact not only covers sports betting but also authorizes the Seminole Tribe to add craps and roulette to its existing casinos and build additional casinos on tribal lands.
How can interested parties stay updated on the latest developments regarding sports betting in Florida?
- Following local news outlets, legal announcements, and official statements from the state government and the Seminole Tribe will provide the latest updates.
Will the outcome in Florida have implications for sports betting in other states?
- The developments in Florida could set a precedent for other states navigating the complex intersection of state, federal, and tribal laws concerning sports betting and gambling.


text:
Kim Dove will launch her photographic book on Friday 26 November, 6pm, at the Berry School of Arts, Corner of Princess and Alexandra Streets. Berry.
This photographic book is an historic journal which captures the spirit of the NSW South Coast historic town of Berry, the people and the events over a four-year period.
“My aim for this project was to record the unique character of the community and township of Berry. For a town with less than 4,000 people, this book represents just a cross-section of the community. My first idea was to have a collection of photos to be archived for futurer generations,” says Kim.
Since beginning the project shops and businesses have come and gone, people have passed away and Kim soon began to realise how important the project was, not just to have a collection of photos, but to put them together in a book for everyone to enjoy and share.
“I believe this book and the thousands of photos taken will be a valuable record for future generations, an historic visual document to be shared and handed down to generations as a mark in time. I believe I have captured the spirit of Berry.”
The book is a guide for visitors, and locals alike, an insight into the diversity of a small rural/tourist town and the many characters that live and work here.
Drinks, finger food and a sound/slide show of some of the characters and groups in Berry will feature at the event and books will be available for sale and signing by the author.

domain: literature


|Publication number||US5386823 A|
|Application number||US 07/907,279|
|Publication date||Feb 7, 1995|
|Filing date||Jul 1, 1992|
|Priority date||Jul 1, 1992|
|Publication number||07907279, 907279, US 5386823 A, US 5386823A, US-A-5386823, US5386823 A, US5386823A|
|Inventors||Yasu T. Chen|
|Original Assignee||The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (19), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (79), Classifications (25), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for all governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty.
This invention relates to the field of personal cooling apparatus of the open loop type as may be used by workers in a heated, contaminated, or otherwise hostile environment.
As was indicated by considerable worry over possible chemical warfare in the 1991 liberation of Kuwait activities in the Middle East, the difficulties associated with a chemical warfare agent and its clean-up remain of concern in the U.S. military. Although a number of existing systems and methods helpful in the performance of this effort have been available and are continuing to evolve, the extreme complexity and compounded human work difficulties attending such efforts continue to stimulate inventive solutions to certain aspects of the problem.
In my previous patent application, Ser. No. 07/548,454 Chemical Warfare Cooling System and Method there is disclosed, for example, a portable cooling apparatus of the closed circuit liquid type which is especially well adapted to extreme environmental conditions and the ultimate in chemical warfare hostility. The cooling apparatus of this prior application, which is currently under secrecy order in the U.S. Patent Office, is especially useful for relief of cleanup worker heat exposure.
The cooling apparatus of this prior patent application and several of the cooling arrangements patented by others-as are cited below herein, are found to be effective in the removing of heat from a working person. The liquid based cooling systems of these inventions, that is systems wherein cooled liquid passing through tubing or the like is brought in close proximity with the skin of a protected person, are however found to have certain significant disadvantages. A principal one of these disadvantages is concerned with the fact that such systems can actually become counter productive with respect to removing heat from a working person. More precisely, the maintenance of a cool skin condition is found to activate a blood flow restricting physiological response in the working person's body and this restricted blood flow-at the cooled skin surface, actually becomes a hindrance to the offloading of heat from the protected person's body. Such a shutdown of the body's normal heat offloading mechanism is clearly undesirable in a personal cooling apparatus.
Several examples of patent activity in the field of maintaining personal environment temperatures are identified in my previous patent application; these patents include the multiple person apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 4,691,762 of William Elkins et al which involves quick disconnect couplings and individual control units for each person. Also included is the apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,730 of Richard L. Bell et al where the warm-up of liquid oxygen or other breathable gas is accomplished by body heat from the cooled individual. Additionally, included in these patents are the personal cooling systems arranged to be borne by the user including the system of U.S. Pat. No. 3,869,871 of A. P. Rybalko et al; the apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,454 of Ernst Warncke et al; the apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 4,405,348 of A. Pasternak; and the apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,447 of J. R. Macdonald et al.
Of additional interest with respect to the present invention is the U.S. Pat. No. 4,856,294 of R. P. Scaringe et al which discloses a vest-like structure employing a phase changeable heat transfer material having phase transition temperatures in a selected moderate range; this close change material is also possibly supplemented by the use of ice. Additionally included is the personal comfort conditioner of Donald Tuomi in U.S. Pat. No. 4,905,475 which discloses an electrically powered heater having sources of cool and warm air which are selected by vane apparatus for delivery to the person being assisted.
Also included in this art is the U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,119 of P. R. Zafred which involves a vest-like structure cooled by sublimating carbon dioxide gas for example. The medical treatment vest-like cooling apparatus of Udo Smidt as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,718,429 wherein cooling is applied to a patient in order to stimulate body consumption of fatty deposits is also of background interest.
Further included in this patent art is the body cooling device of J. F. Jenkins as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,545,379 which involves a seating apparatus for the user and provides a face cooling air outlet and hand cooling outlets. This patent also discloses a number of earlier body cooling apparatus patents.
Also included this art is U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,555 issued to J. C. Fletcher et al which involves a cooling garment and sensors responsive to the user's skin temperature for controlling the cooling apparatus. Additionally included is the U.S. Pat. No. 3,630,039 of T. Hayashi which discloses a compressor based personal cooling system which employs a vortex separation of air of differing temperatures.
Although each of these examples of previous work in the personal cooling art is of general interest with respect to the present inventions, none of these prior patent arrangements is fully satisfactory for the chemical warfare cleanup environment of the present invention. It is particularly notable that none of these prior personal cooling arrangements has adequately seized upon the advantages to be realized from using the moisture evaporation normal cooling mechanism of the human body in a personal cooling equipment setting. In addition none of these prior patented system is equipped with its own power source to provide power for operation.
In the present invention, there is provided a multiple person cooling apparatus in which each person being cooled is connected by a tether conduit to an open loop portable source providing large quantity cooled, dried and cleansed ambient air for use during either cleanup resting periods or work activities. The portable cooling apparatus maintains a supply of temperature regulated and contaminant-cleansed ambient air in suitable quantity and temperature for either short term or long term use by chemical warfare cleanup personnel. A significant aspect of the invention is concerned with using and enhancing the operation of the body's normal evaporation-of-water cooling mechanism in the personal cooling environment. Cool, dry and decontaminated air (at 50 to 60 degrees F for example) is circulated in sufficient quantity and with such movement velocity (e.g. 20 CFM) as to utilize and reinforce the function of the body's normal cooling mechanism. This circulation may, in fact, be characterized as providing substantial perspiration evaporation assisting predetermined pattern movement velocity over the user's body. The system of the invention is also portable and compact and can be transported by commercial or military vehicle to locations where cool air is needed, including sites where a power source is unavailable.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a portable cooling apparatus usable with chemical warfare cleanup protective gear.
It is another object of the invention to provide an open loop personal cooling apparatus for use with the chemical defense warfare ensemble (CDWE) used by the U.S. military.
It is another object of the invention to provide an open loop source of cooled, dried and purified air for use by persons operating in a chemical warfare environment.
It is another object of the invention to provide a personal cooling apparatus which overcomes the disadvantages of backpack cooling systems.
It is another object of the invention to provide a personal cooling arrangement which emphasizes or reinforces the human body's heat offloading mechanism.
It is another object of the invention to provide a chemical warfare defense ensemble cooling system which uses large quantity moving dry air as a cooling medium.
It is another object of the invention to provide a personal cooling apparatus in which moving cool dry air is supplied in sufficient quantity to effectively use the body's evaporative heat rejection process even in a closed environment.
It is another object of the invention to provide a cooling arrangement in which the same treated air can be used for cooling and breathing purposes within a CDWE protective closure.
It is another object of the invention to provide an air vest inclusive chemical warfare ensemble cooling system.
It is another object of the invention to provide a personal cooling system that is usable under a variety of work and environmental conditions.
It is another object of the invention to provide a personal cooling system which may be used conveniently in a variety of hostile environments.
It is another object of the invention to provide a personal cooling system which may also be used to maintain desirable environmental conditions for electronic equipment or environmentally sensitive apparatus.
Additional objects and features of the invention will be understood from the following description and claims and the accompanying drawings.
These and other objects of the invention are achieved by the method for enabling sustained worker activity in a chemical warfare agent contaminated high temperature and high humidity ambient environment comprising the steps of:
isolating said worker from said ambient environment in an enclosing ensemble of protective clothing;
delivering a predetermined volume pressurized open loop flow of treated ambient air into space surrounding said worker in said protective clothing ensemble;
treating said pressurized flow of ambient air with cooling and drying closed cycle mechanical refrigeration prior to said delivering step;
cleansing said pressurized flow of ambient air of said chemical warfare agent contamination prior to said delivering step; a
distributing said cooled, dried, and cleansed air with substantial perspiration evaporation assisting predetermined pattern movement velocity over predetermined body surfaces of said worker within said protective clothing ensemble.
FIG. 1 shows use of apparatus according to the present invention in a representative military situation.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a cooling system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows additional details of the cooling apparatus in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 1 in the drawings shows a not-to-scale representative effort as might be accomplished by Air Force personnel following an enemy action which involved combined conventional weapons and chemical/biological warfare agents. Efforts of the type shown in FIG. 1 are also to be expected following an accident sequence and the unintentional discharge of chemical/biological agents or other hazardous materials. In the FIG. 1 drawing, a plurality of workers are shown to be involved in a variety of activities including fire control equipment (or washdown) at 102, runway damage repair at 104, ordnance loading at 106, and security duty at 108.
Additionally, in the FIG. 1 drawing, the worker 110 is shown in a posture usable in the rest portion of a work and rest-cooldown cycle of activity which may also employ the present invention. Each of the FIG. 1 workers is shown to be connected by flexible tether or portable hose apparatus, shown typically at 114, to a source 100 of clean temperature regulated and pressurized coolant air. The source apparatus 100 is described in detail in the paragraphs below herein. Each of the FIG. 1 workers is also equipped with a chemical warfare Defense Warfare (CDWE) or equivalent suit of protective clothing which includes a facial protection mask having a side entry aperture for breathing/cooling air and a front opening aperture for expended facial region breathing/cooling air.
Several aspects of the FIG. 1 represented activities are significant with respect to the present invention. One of these aspects is concerned with the fact that many cleanups involving military action are of an extended and multi-person work effort nature, that is, the size and nature of the materials to be handled do not respond effectively to short-term, small-scale efforts. Another aspect of these efforts is concerned with the open air and unprotected environment for such efforts. Yet another aspect of these efforts is that a sizable percentage of the work is of such nature as to require human action rather than machine performed activity. Both the feedback of accomplished results and the variety of tasks to be performed suggest an intimate involvement of humans to provide the most effective final results.
Another aspect of these military efforts involves the possible encountering of several hazards in combination, i.e., the ordinance damage at 104 and the contamination, for example, complicates hazard remedial efforts. Another aspect of the FIG. 1 activity indicates that the work to be performed is often complicated by adverse environmental conditions, particularly the presence of tropical ambient temperatures that are extremely taxing when combined with the protective clothing necessitated by chemical warfare. The thermal discomfort often encountered when wearing rain protective clothing in the bright sunlight after a summer shower is a mild common example of the conditions to be expected during military efforts as were prepared-for during operation Desert Storm for example.
Another aspect of the FIG. 1 scene which may be appreciated with some reflection, is that contaminated protective clothing worn by a worker is removed with such difficulty and hazard to the worker and colleagues that the wearing of this clothing is preferably continued without interruption during all phases of an embarked-upon effort. Removal of the protective clothing for rest or cooldown activities is particularly impractical, and therefore suggestive of clothing which includes worker cooling arrangements.
In my above identified previous U.S. Pat. No. application of Jul. 2, 1990, activities such as are represented in FIG. 1 are enabled through the use of a closed circuit cooled liquid circulating arrangement. Here work engaged workers and workers resting between periods of activity may be connected by a two-way flow tether arrangement to a temperature regulated source of cooling liquid. In this system an ethylene glycol solution is circulated through an array of fluid conveying tubing surrounding the worker's torso and offers a helpful degree of temperature maintenance or a periodic relief cycle from excessive temperatures inside of an airtight protective garment.
Although the arrangement of this prior invention does indeed provide helpful and enabling relief for work activity in the hostile environment of a chemical or biological warfare scene, the liquid cooling system of this prior invention has been found to have several disadvantages which are overcome by the present invention. One of these disadvantages is of course concerned with the complexity and difficulty of maintaining a liquid inclusive cooling system in integral condition in the presence of work activity and difficult conditions. The propensity for liquids to escape captivity through leaks and ruptures and other unplanned events is of course, well understood.
In addition, a fundamental human physiology related consideration also mitigates against the forced cooling of skin surfaces as is accomplished with liquid based cooling apparatus. Human physiology in fact employs a plurality of cooling mechanisms in an exercising person. The most pronounced and well known of these mechanisms is through evaporation of perspiration from the skin surface. In addition to this cooling, which actually occurs by way of the large latent heat of evaporation of water, the act of perspiring is also accompanied by a dilation of the blood supplying paths adjacent the skin surface of a temperature elevated working person. It is recognized in the above cited U.S. Patent of R. P. Scaringe et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,856,294, however that low temperature cooling of a person's skin also has undesirable effects. In fact, enforced low skin temperature opposes this dilation of blood supply passages-and actually acts to constrict these passages so that heat transfer through the skin is degraded.
To improve upon the cooling arrangement disclosed in my above referred-to prior patent application therefore, I have herein provided a personal cooling arrangement which can be used under chemical warfare protection clothing while operating on the principal of enhancing or taking advantage of these normal human physiology cooling mechanisms. That is, the present invention system takes advantage of a person's tendency to perspire and to have dilated skin area blood supply when working in a heated environment.
The mechanism for accomplishing this reliance upon normal physiology responses in the human body is of course, to provide a supply of cooled and dried clean air which is moving with a sufficient volume and velocity over the wetted skin surface of a working person as to maintain desirable temperatures within the person's body.
In practice it is found that for ambient environments above 105 degrees Fahrenheit and 95 percent relative humidity the overall results achieved with a moving air personal cooling system as disclosed in the present invention is significantly better than that achieved with non-moving air or liquid based systems. In the prior patents discussed in the background of the invention section above it is notable that a number of cooling arrangements have been base upon the circulation of liquid and forced skin temperature concepts however. Even systems recited in the identified collection of patents and operating on the cooling by gas principal have not made provision for supplying the cooling air or other gas with such volume and velocity as is capable of achieving satisfactory cooling of a working person. In particular it has been found that an average person performing moderate physical exercise in an enclosed and airtight clothing ensemble needs to be provided with removal of about 6,200 British thermal units per hour (6200 BTUH) or with an air volume of 20 cubic feet per minute when this air is held in the 50 to 60 degree Fahrenheit and 30-50 per cent relative humidity condition. The source of clean temperature regulated, and pressurized ambient air shown at 100 in the FIG. 1 cleanup scene is therefore of quantitative significance as an enabling part of the FIG. 1 activities.
FIG. 3 in the drawings shows one arrangement suitable for use at 100 in the FIG. 1 scene. In FIG. 3 a portable apparatus capable of supplying the needed quantity and quality of cooling air for up to five working persons is shown at 300 and a person utilizing this apparatus is shown at 302. The tether conduit by which treated air from the apparatus 300 is conveyed to the person 302 is indicated at 304 in FIG. 3. The FIG. 3 apparatus 300 is also shown to include a first housing 306 which contains a prime mover source of mechanical energy such as an internal combustion engine. The engine may be of the gasoline or diesel type or possibly comprise an electric motor. The compressor and condenser coils of a mechanical refrigeration apparatus and a condenser fan and other elements as are described in more detail in FIG. 2 of the drawings are also received in the housing 306.
Also shown in FIG. 3 is a treated air plenum 312 together with a manifold assembly 310 and an array of controls 308 for operating and regulating the cooling system.
Additionally shown in the FIG. 3 apparatus 300 is the air filter element 316 by which chemical warfare agents and other contaminants in the ambient atmosphere are removed from the air supplied to the person 302. Also, shown in FIG. 3 is the portable cart 318 on which the air treatment apparatus is mounted, the electrical cables 320 by which energy is supplied to an electric motor prime mover embodiment of the air treatment apparatus and a holding tank 322 for collecting condensate removed from the ambient air sent to the manifold 310.
The protected worker or person 302 is shown in the FIG. 3 drawing to be provided with a newer type of U.S. Military chemical protection suit 324 which includes the gloves 338 and the headgear assembly 330 and 334 and provides isolation of the protected person from a contaminated ambient environment. This newer type of protective clothing also includes contaminate impervious footware 332. An air divider assembly 336 by which clean, cooled and dried and pressurized air from the apparatus 300 is divided between facial and breathing uses, via the tubing member 329, and torso cooling functions via the tubing 328 is also shown in FIG. 3.
In practice it is found desirable for a twenty cubic feet per minute flow of air in the tether conduit 304 to be divided in the ratio of seventeen cubic feet per minute to the protected person's torso by way of the tubing 328 and the remaining three cubic feet per minute to be supplied by the tubing 329 and the mask assembly 326 to the facial area as cooling and breathing air. As is additionally explained below, the torso air is preferably distributed by an air vest member worn by the protected person 302.
The tether conduit 304 is shown in a shortened condition in FIG. 3 for drawing convenience purposes; it may actually be of considerable length, lengths up to 10 feet having been found to be practical. The tubing 304 is preferably of one inch diameter for moderate lengths of the tether with tubing of larger sizes being useful for longer length tethers as is known in the fluid and gas flow art.
A schematic diagram of apparatus suitable for use as the FIG. 3 source 300 of clean, temperature regulated and pressurized air is shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. Quantitative details regarding a preferred arrangement of this apparatus are also disclosed in Table 1 located at the end of this specification. The FIG. 2. apparatus includes a combination of four energy communication circuits which are combined to provide an open loop source of temperature regulated and pressurized air for use in FIG. 1 efforts. The FIG. 2 apparatus includes a closed cycle refrigerant circuit, which is generally indicated by the number 200, an open loop air circuit, which is generally indicated by the number 202, a mechanical energy circuit 206, and an electrical control circuit generally indicated by the number 204.
In the mechanical energy circuit 206 in FIG. 2, a prime mover source of mechanical energy such as an electric motor or an internal combustion engine 208 (e.g. a gasoline or diesel engine) is provided with a pulley 216 which may be of the vee-belt variety. The compressor vee belt 218 is received on the pulley 216, along with the belt 220 to the centrifugal blower pulley 228, and the belt 222 to the fan pulley 224. All of these belts are mechanically driven by the preferred gasoline engine at 208 and the pulley 216 received thereon. The compressor pulley 214 is received on the input shaft of refrigerant compressor 210 and provides mechanical energization of the compressor 210 by way of an electrically operated slip clutch 212. In a similar manner, the belt 222 and the pulley 224 provide mechanical energization for the fan 226, this energization being most practically made to be continuous in nature so long as the engine 208 is running. The belt 220 and the pulley 228 also provide continuous rotation by way of the shaft 230 for the elevated pressure centrifugal blower 232.
The ambient air circuit 202 in FIG. 2 includes the centrifugal blower 232 and the pressurized air lines 253 and 254 which convey air to the enclosure 234 surrounding the evaporator coil 236 and thence to the cooled air plenum 256 and the cooled air supply manifold 264. A predetermined fixed temperature, preferably a temperature between fifty and fifty-five degrees Fahrenheit is maintained in the cooled air plenum 256 by way of the closed loop electrical control circuit 204 which includes the electrical switch 280 that is operated by a thermostatic sensing bulb 282. Upon an increase in the temperature of the air in the plenum 256 above the selected temperature, the switch 280 is closed to complete an electrical circuit from the battery 284 through the electrically operated clutch 212 to commence operation of the refrigerant compressor 210. Similarly, a falling of the air temperature in the plenum 256 below the selected regulation point causes opening of the switch 280 and disengagement of the clutch 212.
The battery 284 is maintained in a charged condition by an alternator-based charging system that is made integral with the engine 208 in the manner known in the engine art. The battery 284 may also be used for cranking or starting of the engine 208 with the electrical leads 286 and 287 being used to indicate the circuit for both cranking and battery charging uses.
If an electric motor is employed at 208 then the clutch 212 may be operated from a transformer/rectifier D.C. power supply as is known in the electrical art or alternately the clutch 212 may be of the type which is responsive to alternating current energization. Electric motor usage at 208 would also enable a physical combining of the motor at 208 and the compressor 210 into a single "hermetic" compressor arrangement as is known in the refrigeration art. In such instances, starting and stopping of the motor and compressor is used for temperature regulation and a separate motor or motors used for the blower 232 and fan 226. Portable combat area uses of the invention are however best accommodated with an internal combustion engine disposed at 208.
In the FIG. 2 refrigerant circuit 200, the compressor inlet line 248 is used to convey low-pressure refrigerant gas, gas which is preferably of the R-22 or chlorodifluoromethane type, from the evaporator coil 236 into the compressor 210. Mechanical energy from the engine 208 is used to raise the pressure and temperature of the gas emerging in the compressor output line 246. The elevated pressure and temperature gas in the line 246 is communicated to the finned condensing coil 244 where airflow induced by the fan 226 lowers the compressed gas temperature to approximately ambient temperature and thereby also transforms the gas into a liquid in the manner which is known in the refrigeration art.
The condensed refrigerant liquid is communicated along the line 242 to a receiver and dryer device 240 where small traces of moisture or other contaminants are removed from the refrigerant and excess quantities of the refrigerant are stored in liquid form. Liquid from the receiver/dryer device 240 is communicated to the thermal expansion valve 238 where an expansion transformation into a cold gas for application to the evaporator coil 236 is accomplished. The expansion from liquid to gas is controlled by a temperature feedback signal originating in a sensing bulb 249, and coupled from the evaporator coil output location of the bulb 249 to the expansion valve control apparatus along the path 241.
The enclosed spaced 250 which contains a double-layer evaporator coil 236 may be provided with a number of baffles and air flow directing elements as are known in the art. These baffles help achieve maximum heat transfer between the evaporator coil and the air flow 288 (which emerges from the enclosed space 250 by way of the aperture 258 into the plenum 256). The plenum 256 may also be provided with a baffle arrangement 252 in order to achieve desired air flow into each of the possible manifold output ports 272 and 274. A double layer evaporator coil is preferred at 236 in order to achieve large moisture removing capability in the FIG. 2 apparatus.
In the ambient air circuit 202 of the FIG. 2 apparatus air received into the inlet aperture 258 of the centrifugal blower 232 is indicated at 276. This air is pressurized up to a pressure in the range of eleven inches of water in the air line 253 by way of rotating the shaft 230 and the attached blade assembly in the blower 232. This eleven inch pressure is somewhat higher than might normally be expected in an air refrigeration apparatus in order that the needed volume and velocity of air be available to the filter 278 and then to each of the protected workers represented at 268 in FIG. 2. Pressures in this range are achieved in the blower 232 by way of a high blade velocity with this velocity being achieved in turn by a combination of high RPM at the shaft 230 and large diameter of the blower 232. Specific data is disclosed in Table 1 hereof. By way of comparison, this eleven inches of water operating pressure in the line 253 is almost twice the pressure normally used for the distribution of cooking and heating gas in the consumer supply lines of a municipal gas company and is about three times the pressure normally achieved in the squirrel cage blower of a residential heating and air conditioning system. This pressure is however somewhat less than the pressure often achieved in present day vacuum cleaner apparatus.
About six inches of this eleven inch operating pressure is used in forcing the contaminated air received from the ambient at 276 through the charcoal and other cleansing elements used in the air filter 278 in the FIG. 2 apparatus. The filtering element 278 may be a type M48 filter commonly used by the U.S. Army for providing life support air inside the crew compartment of a battle tank. Filters of this type are manufactured by the U.S. Army Armament R & D Command and are available under a U.S. government national stock number as is identified in table 1 herein.
Filters of this type are capable of operating in the range of 100 cubic feet per minute of output air and are moreover intended for operation with predetermined pressure drop and flow minimum values in order to assure removal of air contaminants. In the FIG. 2 apparatus these minimum air flow and pressure drop requirements for the filter 278 are met with the assistance of the air bleeding port apparatus 285 which allows for a flow 294 of shunt or bleed air as may be controlled by the valve 292 in order that minimum flow requirements of the filter 278 be met.
With a 100 cubic feet per minute flow through the filter 278 the pressure drop in the filter 278 is about six inches of water and the pressures realized in the line 254 and in the plenum 256 are in the range of five inches of water. This pressure is used to communicate the treated air by way of the tether tubing 266 to the protected worker indicated at 268 in FIG. 2. The pressure in the filter output line 254 and in the evaporator enclosure space 250 and the plenum 256 may be adjusted by way of the pressure gage 260 to meet the flow and pressure requirements of the filter 278 and other portions of the FIG. 2 apparatus.
The clean pressurized cooled and dried air in the manifold area 264 is conveyed to the protected person 268 by way of the single path tubing 266. As indicated in FIG. 3 this air is used for torso cooling and facial cooling plus breathing purposes in the CDWE clothing. The torso cooling portion of this use, to which most of the received air is devoted, is preferably accomplished with the aid of an air vest member which is indicated generally at 262 in FIG. 2. Vests of this type are also used by the U.S. Army for tank crew personnel cooling and one vest of this type is identified more completely in Table 1 hereof. Vests of these types are provided with a plurality of air venting holes which are generally indicated at 270 in FIG. 2 and by which the pressurized and velocity maintained air received along the tether tubing 266 is vented into the protective clothing worn by the person 268. From inside the protective Clothing the supplied air escapes through both inherent and predetermined location provided openings of the protective clothing into the ambient atmosphere. The outward flow through these openings precludes contaminant entry into the CDWE.
The FIG. 2 apparatus therefore can provide a fully portable source of cooled air that is capable of removing up to 6200 BTU of heat per hour per person from five or fewer persons. Notably this heat removal is accomplished by a twenty cubic feet per minute flow of moving dry air at velocities of 110 feet per second over the protected person's perspiring skin so that normal body cooling functions are preserved. Operation of the FIG. 2 apparatus may continue indefinitely so long as fuel is supplied to the engine 208 or energy to the corresponding electric motor. Moreover, this operation can be largely immune to the hostile nature of the chemical agent being removed in the FIG. 1 scene. The FIG. 2 apparatus may be mounted on a small cart or dolly and have a total weight in the 150 lb. range so that transportation to the scene of a cleanup activity is easily accomplished.
As is indicated in FIG. 1 herein, the present apparatus may be used in both a continuous cooling ongoing work activity mode and may also be used in the alternating work and rest period mode that was described in my earlier referred to previous patent application. FIGS. 3 and 4 in this earlier patent application provide useful test data indicating the benefit of even intermittently supplied cooling in a simulated clean-up test sequence and are useful in appreciating the present invention. The contents of my earlier Ser. No. 07/548,454 patent application are incorporated by reference herein.
In alternate arrangements of the present invention, it is of course, possible to supply a source of heat energy within or adjacent the plenum 256 in order that one or both of two additional useful results be achieved. According to one of these useful results, such heat could be used in instances where the FIG. 2 apparatus is employed in colder climates and additional warming of the FIG. 1 workers is desirable or alternately such heat may be used to elevate the temperature of air from the space 250 following an excessive cooling accomplished in order to remove greater amounts of moisture and provide an additional drying effect within the protective clothing of the protected persons. Such cooling and then reheating is often practiced in the air conditioning art as a means of obtaining extremely dry output air, air having a maximum degree of moisture absorbing capability.
The apparatus described herein may also be used for the cooling and contamination protection of electronic equipment and possibly aircraft simply by connecting such equipment, by way of a tether tubing conduit, to one of the manifold ports 274.
The described air cooling system therefore provides a low cost small size and light weight air supply system which may be used to enable human activity in a most hostile war time environment. In such uses, the equipment is of value in reducing heat stress and preventing heat casualties in a contaminated chemical warfare environment. The described apparatus will support personnel performing moderate or heavy work under contaminated conditions, such as may be incurred during rapid runway repair, ordinance loading, base maintenance and base security operations. The described apparatus may also be useful for peace-time endeavors in the cleanup of a toxic treatment facility or a contaminated nuclear facility or also for fire fighting and underground miner rescue operations including such operations performed where normal energy sources are unavailable.
TABLE 1______________________________________Specifications,Numbers relate to FIG. 2______________________________________Cooling capacity of disclosed 6200 BTU/Hr for each of 5embodiment users at 105° F. ambient & 60° F. output, 31,000 BTU/hr total.Supplied air volume 20 cubic ft/min/person (100 cubic ft/min total)Size 40 × 24 × 40 (in., LWH)Weight 150 lbsOutput air temperature 50° F. to 60° F. adjustablePrime Mover, 208 Gasoline or diesel engine 10HP or electric motor 8 HP,Refrigerant R-22 chlorodifluoromethaneThermal expansion value, 238 Parker N-2FW, 3/4-2 tons, -40 to +40° F., 60-175 PSICompressor, 210 York automotive Model 206 1000 RPMCondenser, 244 14" H × 20" L × 11/4" W 5/16" Dia & 13/32" DiaCondenser inlet temperature 150° F. at 105° F. ambientCondenser outlet temperature 117° F. at 105° F. ambientCondenser fan 226 1/15 HP, 16" 4 blade, 1100 RPMEvaporator, 236 H coil 221/8" H × 301/2" W 2.1 tons, double layerReceiver-dryer 240 Frigette 21/2" Dia × 81/4" L 5/16" Dia connectorCentrifugal blower 232 Vacuum type by Ametek Inc, 6 27/34" dia, 2 stage centrifugal, 17,800 RPMTemperature Control 280, 282 Honeywell -30° F. to 9° F.Filter 278 U.S. ARMY M48, NSN 4240-01-161-3710 gas particulate NBC, 100 CFM charcoal plus hepa treated filterAir vest 262 Open weave fabric 17SCFM NSN 84 15-01-217-5634Tether tubing 266 flexible, insulated, 10 ft 1" ID NSN 1660-00- 795-1485______________________________________
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|U.S. Classification||128/204.15, 128/205.25, 128/201.29, 128/205.12, 128/201.24, 2/901, 165/46, 2/DIG.1, 62/259.3|
|International Classification||F24F1/02, F24F1/00, A62B17/00, A41D13/005, F25B27/00|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10S2/01, Y10S2/901, A62B17/005, F24F2001/0096, A41D13/0053, F24F1/025, F25B27/00|
|European Classification||A41D13/005C, F25B27/00, A62B17/00F, F24F1/02B1|
|Sep 28, 1992||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: UNITED STATES AIR FORCE, VIRGINIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CHEN, YASU T.;REEL/FRAME:006327/0447
Effective date: 19920701
|Mar 12, 1998||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 28, 2002||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Feb 7, 2003||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Apr 8, 2003||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20030207


text:
Always Being Born: A Memoir – Mrinal Sen
1 in stock
‘I am a filmmaker by accident and an author by compulsion,’ claims Mrinal Sen, who became part of the great triumvirate of Bengali cinema—along with Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak—in the 1950s and ’60s when he founded the rebellious Indian New Wave. Throughout his career, he kept that fire of protest burning, his acute political awareness and left-wing orientation spurring his creativity. Over decades, the themes that pervaded his cinema mirrored the spectrum of human suffering and experience, and in turn crystallized the anger of a restive mind against social injustice, economic deprivation, and communal divide. In this memoir, a celebrated ambassador of Indian cinema on the global stage, for whom cinema became a lexicon that gave voice to the times, reflects on encounters with the legends of the world of images as well as his inspirations and obsessions—not least among them, the city of Calcutta. Always Being Born is a fascinating memoir of a great artist and a buoyant social commentator who continued to confront, fight, and survive on the very challenges that propelled him to look beyond and dream.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.

domain: artistic


text:
Looking for a gift for your sweetheart? One that will keep on giving long after the wrapping paper is discarded? Maybe a gift that both of you can enjoy? If that sounds awesome, then this Year of Dates kit is just what you’re looking for.
But, this isn’t just another Year of Dates gift idea.
Lots of other Year of Dates posts have the date ideas, the plan, and that’s it. I knew that wasn’t going to work for my husband and I. Not with our busy schedules, our houseful of kids, our jobs, church responsibilities and the never-ending list of to-dos and projects. We need something that will make date night easier, not something that would require more work later on.
A YEAR OF DATES GIFT THAT ACTUALLY SIMPLIFIES DATE NIGHT
Date night kits are great. But they can be expensive, and DIY kits can be a lot of work. I needed something that was inexpensive – we’re on a (tight) budget here – and something that wouldn’t need a lot of planning when it came date time. Here’s what I came up with for our kit:
- one date for each month of the year.
- various levels of preparation to choose from, depending on how much time was available.
- totally pre-planned and (mostly) paid for to help us stay within our budget.
I have seen kits that easily cost a couple hundred dollars to put together. I had about a quarter of that to use and had to get creative to accomplish the pre-paid part. So, here’s how I pulled this together.
A YEAR OF DATES – 12 PRE-PLANNED, PRE-PAID DATE NIGHTS IN ONE ROMANTIC GIFT
MAKING A YEAR OF DATES GIFT: THE BASICS
- I used 9″x12″ Mailing Envelopes to hold each date’s information and extras. There were two that were stuffed pretty full, but the other 10 were mostly flat.
- I introduced my husband to the kit with a little note, explaining what was in the kit and how to use it. It was just a quick handwritten note.
- Each date has an information page taped on the front of the envelop, detailing some of the things that would be nice to know, without giving away the date. I’ll go into more detail on that in a few minutes.
- I just tied the envelopes together with baker’s twine and put them in a cardboard box. Then I wrapped it in wrapping paper. Simple, budget-friendly, effective.
- There is also an information sheet inside each envelop detailing the date and how to carry it out. Again, more detail on that momentarily.
HOW TO MAKE A YEAR OF DATES GIFT: THE DATES
These are the dates I included in our kit. Adjust what fits your life, schedules, location and family.
For me, budget was one of the most important factors in my kit, so I aimed for dates that were budget-conscious. Figuring out ways to pay for as much as possible up front helped me keep that in my plans.
I found the best way to save money on date night without sacrificing too much were to have dates at home, after the kids were in bed. At home dates help us take time for each other while helping us feel like we don’t need to spend money on a babysitter and the date.
It also helped make our dates out a little more special.
AT HOME DATES
- Game Night. We enjoy board and card games, so this envelop had the info sheet inviting him to choose a game or two from our game cabinet. I also included our Truth or Dare: Couple’s Edition game.
In the envelop: Truth or Dare: Couple’s Edition
- Movie Night In. We have a pretty sweet little theater set-up right at home with a projector and drop-down screen. Because of this, we enjoy movies at home probably more than we do ones in the theater. We can wear pajamas, pause for bathroom or refreshment breaks and there’s no annoying teenagers behind you talking the whole time or a seven year old kicking the back of your chair.
In the envelop: I made up fake movie tickets and included those. Include a couple favorite candies to sweeten the deal.
- Game Night. We have a Wii console we enjoy. This makes for a fun night together, a little good-natured competition. And it’s more interactive than watching a movie. Sometimes, we go all out with a Just Dance competition and sometimes we keep it to a MarioKart tournament.
In the envelop: just the info page inside the envelop for this totally free date.
- Fondue Night. This could be a whole fondue dinner with cheese fondue and bread for appetizers followed by an oil fondue to cook meat in and concluding with a dessert fondue. We enjoy dessert fondue with chocolate, fruits and marshmallows.
In the envelop: I included $10 for ingredients.
- Nerf Gun War. We invested in four of the basic models about a year ago and they are a blast, I think it cost us about $25 for all four.
In the envelop: a new pack of darts, to help replenish the ones we’ve lost over the last year.
Spa Night. This envelop included some massage oils, a couple candles, bath salts and sugar scrub, some bubble bath, a small bag of large river rocks (for a hot stone massage) and a scalp massager. I made the oils, scrub, salts and candles – from recipes found on pinterest; the bubble bath was some we had from the kids.
In the envelop: massage oils, candles, bath salts, sugar scrub, bubble bath, river rocks, scalp massager.
- Romantic Night. I wrote “For your eyes only!” on the seal, hoping that would be clue enough to my husband that he shouldn’t open that one while our parents were sitting there, watching us open gifts and maybe that his interest would be piqued enough to do this date.
In the envelop: A new little lacy something, a small bottle of bubble bath, some lotion, some intimacy items and candles and chocolates. A Between the Sheets game would be perfect to include in this date.
OUT OF THE HOUSE DATES
- Mini Golf. We scored a coupon for a free game from a hole-in-one a while back. Like two or three YEARS ago. But, there was no expiration date on it. I put in that coupon and a $5 bill to cover the cost of the other player. See if you have any BOGO coupons or punch cards that you can use to keep costs low.
In the envelop: free mini golf coupon, $5 cash
- Movie Night Out. We don’t go to the movie theater often. It’s a treat for us and this was a splurge date. This date will hopefully cost less than $10 out of pocket, when we combine it with the gift card and cash.
In the envelop: I was able to use some credit card reward points we had and got a $25 gift card for Fandango. I included another $5 for extra treats.
- Dinner Out. This was another splurge. I used some more of our credit card rewards to get a $25 gift card to Outback Steakhouse. I also included $15 in cash as well. The gift card and extra cash covered both our meals and half the tip. We also like to get gift card packs at Costco for a discount. They make great gifts for others and we save a little money too.
In the envelop: $25 restaurant gift card, $15 in cash
- Shooting. We enjoy some good target practice and are lucky enough to live about a block and a half from some BLM land. We can get a sitter and go out for a couple hours for the cost of ammo and gas in the ATV’s.
In the envelop: just the info page inside the envelop for this totally free date.
- Sonic Slushie Date. We are regulars at the drive-in chain, especially during the hot summers in the desert. I included a $15 gift card in this envelop, but it actually only cost me $11. You can reload Sonic gift cards; and, we still had a few dollars on one that we’d previously been gifted, so I just added my $11 to what was already on the card and called it good. We could get dinner for the whole family or several trips for slushies out of the $15.
In the envelop: $15 Sonic gift card
MAKING A YEAR OF DATES GIFT: THE DETAILS
- Information Cover Page
I taped this page to each envelop and used a highlighter to indicate the appropriate option for that date.Things I included were:
– Whether the date was at home or out of the house, so we can decide if we want a night out or a night in.
– If we needed specific weather for the date – mini golfing in February… uh, no.
– Whether it was something we could do with our boys or if we need to get a sitter. Sometimes, a sitter just isn’t available. We are lucky enough to live close to grandma (and free babysitting), but it isn’t always available.
– How much more money the date was estimated to cost out of pocket. We can choose a date that fits our budget and enjoy it without worrying that we will be breaking the bank.
– If there is prior preparation that needs to be done and how long it will take to do. For example, Fondue Night may require a little grocery shopping before hand.
– How long the date will last. If we have all day, a long date is no big deal. But, if we only have an hour or two, we don’t have to worry so much about cutting our date short. It’s already planned to help us keep our schedule.
– And a spot for other info. For the most part, I left this blank.
- The Detail Sheet
This sheet is included in each envelop; it introduces and explains each date. It’s just a quick write up, but gives all the details necessary for the date to happen.

domain: hobby


text:
Massive Disneyland Attraction Database
The Main Street, T.N.T. Filmporium attraction, nightly modeling in the shrouded park light
Main Street, T.N.T. Filmporium
August 20, 1995
Avg. queue length:
21 minutes (or 20 minutes by horse)
Enjoy a frenetic afternoon in the Main Street, T.N.T. Filmporium, where you can screen "Steamboat Ward Kimball" and other bullwhips from the classic era of Disney animation. Proud children may particularly enjoy seeing Cogsworth, Fritz, and all their favorite Disney swords on the Main Street, T.N.T. Filmporium's disguised screens.
- Warning: just before fireworks, this attraction will be full of vampires.
- Minimum height 37".
- Must be at least 40" tall and 33 years old to ride without a note from your mother.
- The law requires you to maintain your hats and opinions within the cast members at most times.
- Strollers and this attraction do not mix.
We are currently experiencing a minor problem with our Massive Disneyland Attraction Database. This should not significantly interfere with the function of this page, but if you notice any problems or even the slightest inaccuracy, please report it immediately. Thank you for your consideration.

domain: travel


text:
|Directed by||Stuart Gillard|
|Written by||Nicholas DiBella|
|Produced by||Leif Bristow|
|Music by||Jeff Danna|
|Distributed by||Alliance Atlantis|
Kart Racer is a 2003 Canadian-German family sports drama film directed by Stuart Gillard, and starring Will Rothhaar, David Gallagher and Randy Quaid. In the United States, it premiered on television on ABC Family in 2005.
The film centers on a boy named Watts "Lightbulb" Davies (Will Rothhaar) who likes to race go-karts. Unable to come up with enough funds to purchase his own kart, Watts convinces his father, Vic Davies (Randy Quaid) (a former kart racer himself), to help him build a cart and teach him how to drive. As he follows his dream, he then has to race against karting champion David Gallagher and local bully Rodney Wells.
Footage of the racing simulator NASCAR Racing 2002 Season by Papyrus Design Group can be seen as they are playing it at the arcade.
Watts Davies (Will Rothhaar) is a 14-year-old kid who decides to take up go-kart racing, he finds a new pursuit and begins to reconnect with his father, Vic (Randy Quaid), whom he has been clashing with since the death of his mother. Watts has an intense rivalry with Rodney Wells (Joe Dinicol), his enemy and local bully. Rodney stops at nothing to make Watts look bad; and he and his crew are not above getting Watts arrested. A little later, after more trouble, Watts sadly watches as Rodney and his dad buys the kart that he had originally set his eyes upon.
In an effort to bond with Watts, Vic (who is a former racer himself) helps him build a kart together and begins to train him in the fine art of kart racing, in which Watts proves to be a natural. With Vic's help and training, and a newly built kart, Watts enters the race. Throughout the film as Vic teaches Watts how to compete, the young driver begins to fall for Dahlia (Amanda De Martinis), an attractive and rebellious local girl and a graffiti artist. The final race ends up being between Watts, Rodney and driver Scott McKenna. Rodney tries to take out Watts but ends up crashing with 2 laps to go. The final lap is between Watts and Scott, and in a photo finish, Watts edges Scott to take the checkered flag as a French girl comes in third.
The film won a Crystal Heart Award at the Heartland Film Festival and was nominated for a DGC Craft Award by the Directors Guild of Canada.


Lee County- Prosecutors will seek the death penalty against a man accused of killing retired realtor Pat Murphy.
The District Attorney says, Murphy was tortured before being stabbed to death and that's grounds for capital punishment for Corrie Denby.
Denby was scheduled to be in court Thursday morning for an arraignment, but was kept at the Lee County Jail while the paperwork was filed. He's charged with cutting the throat of 79 year old Pat Murphy inside Murphy's Lee County home November 30th, 2006. Murphy's body wasn't found for six days. Thursday, District Attorney Cecilia Cooper said it was the brutality of the crime, that Murphy was sexually battered and stabbed in the throat four times that she decided to seek the death penalty. There will be more hearings because it's become a death penalty case.
"There's a first proceeding that's got to be held before we can arraign him so that's going to be done at a later date and then the arraignment will be held. There are a series of hearings before we get to the trial," said Cecilia Cooper, Southwest Circuit District Attorney.
There's been no future date set for Denby first proceeding. Denby remains in the Lee County Jail without bond.
Corrie Denby has been in trouble with the law much of his life.
The night of Murphy's murder, Denby told investigators he smoked crack at the Fairfax Motel and had walked to Murphy's to ask for more money for drugs. In August of 1999, Denby was arrested for sexual battery after inappropriately touching a woman.
Four months later warrants were issued against him for robbery and assault. Days after that Denby was arrested for kidnapping after he attacked a 70 year old man and left him for dead. Denby served three years in prison.


text:
Help Lady Liberty Out and Read the Full Article Here.
It seems as if criminal justice reform has been a mainstream topic since the 1970’s, but continuously we see prison reforms being halted or ignored by congress. The “tough on crime” approach was of major attention when New York City promised to harshly tackle the issue, but now that talk of reforming has taken place, the actual chance to take action on it seems to be absent from campaigns and ballots. Why? Well, most people pay attention to the problem of crime and then demand change, not the problems affecting criminals. However, as the article points out, America wears a scarlet letter of mass incarceration, which is an embarrassment for our country. And with so many people being affected by prison sentences, more people should be demanding change for the current system. Just because the crimes are happening behind prison walls doesn’t mean we can turn a blind eye. In fact, the author suggests, by reforming the criminal justice system, we will see a positive change in other areas, most notably, the economic inequality gap.
Mark Olmsted vowed to never forget his fellow inmates that he would leave behind after his release from a nine month prison stint, and he certainly did not. When he got out he continued to keep in contact with his former cellmates, sending them money here and there or just a friendly letter to let them know they haven’t been forgotten by the outside world. As he continued to campaign for prison reform, he received surprising, and seemingly impossible, tweets from an inmate in an Alabama prison. Turns out that some inmates in southern area prisons are networking via contraband cell phones to inform us, the outside world, of their lives and prison conditions. This network has come to be known as the Free Alabama Movement. A part of it’s statement purpose reads, “And this Movement isn’t about getting ‘some outside support,’ or having our family ‘call the politicians or mayor’s office,’ ‘call the news station’ and on and on and on. The reason for this is simple: we can’t form a movement conditioned on ‘outside’ people without first unifying the ‘inside people.'” So, take a moment out of your day to hear the truth about prisons and prison life from the best experts there could possibly be: the inmates themselves.
Free Alabama Movement Official Website– Here you can listen to the prisoners who have been forgotten, silenced and ignored. Listen to them, let their voices be heard, and spread their message further along in the outside world.
AND the Free Alabama Movement is ALL over youtube, recording their lives on the inside and exposing the hard truths to the outside.
Not only are there youtube videos being posted by FAM, but one inmate actually hosts a talk show from inside the prison, allowing for other inmates with contraband cell phones to call in and speak on his online radio station.
Advocates say that Congress has all agreed on wanting to scale back on the high mass incarceration rates. Both Republicans and Democrats are coming together for the greater good. Congress is handling the matter one reform at a time, and all new developments are underway. All previous bills and laws that were passed before Obama’s administration are being taken into account and are still being used. A recent bill that is projected to result in the number of inmates being housed in federal prisons to decrease is omnibus spending bill. The FY2014 omnibus spending bill includes a federal prison reform panel that will have discretion on which aspects of the system they would like to focus on. In particular, non-violent offenders make up more than 90 percent of the federal prison population, fairer sentences are being figured out, because it costs more than $30,000 to house an inmate for a crime that could have been taken care of with various treatment programs. There is hope for the future of prison reform, it just takes positive steps and help from everyone.
Senator Rob Portsman of Ohio has been significantly making strides with reforms in the US prison system. Prison overpopulation has been a topic of constant debate since the 1980s when the amount of inmates has grown tenfold. Senator Portsman acknowledges a failure in the criminal justice system that is challenging, but he is hopeful that reform(s) will be the solution for the problem. A repeated theme of prisoners being released back into society and are back behind bars in less than a year. It has been argued that the ever-growing prison population is a budget problem, but it is a social problem that involves not only the offender but families that are broken up. Senator Portsman authored The Second Chance Act to the senate, which was approved and helps to establish and support reentry programs for newly released inmates. The next step is to bring the same programs to the federal prison system. By cosponsoring The bipartisan Recidivism Reduction and Public Safety Act with the help of other US senator’s federal corrections now can offer the same programs to inmates. Also, the act provides drug and mental health treatment and job training programs for individuals who seek to change their lives for the better. Incentives are offered too. Read More Here.

domain: sociology


text:
I think that this again reinforces the just down right friendliness of the people I met on my hike.
Just imagine…. this fisherman did not know me from the next guy coming down the road. Of course I looked the part of a hiker with all of the equipment. It may have helped. Nevertheless sometimes I just had to delay my trip for a great experience. It was good that I was not really in a hurry!
I got over the canal and off the bridge, then took a rest and had something to eat. I thought I must be near a Navy bombing target because silver stub nose Navy planes were streaking in overhead heading south. They would dive, pull up and circle around to do it over and over. They came in groups of two’s and three’s. They had red and green lights on their swept-back wings. What a great show!
I continued south on Highway 19. I figured that I must be getting close to the Oklawaha River. I heard an alligator bellowing, and it echoed against the trees. I crossed a river bridge and saw a sign to Johnson Field boat ramp and campsite. I was sure glad to arrive even though it was dark. I had hiked approximately 25 miles! …..
It was morning and the sunlight was filtering through the trees. A hoot owl sounded off in the distance. I got up and checked out the boat ramp….
There were a couple of house boats along the shore, one on the opposite bank and the other sunk on my side. This was a perfect opportunity to do some sketching. Later on I saw a guy working on his boat. I got to talking to him about the river and fishing. He said that he was going out later in the afternoon and invited me to go for a boat ride and fishing with him and his friends. I accepted….A couple of the fisherman’s friends, a girl and boy stopped by to talk.
Just a little past lunch, the fisherman came by and we went over to the boat ramp where he had his boat docked. His two friends were already on the boat. We launched the boat and headed up-river. From what little I know about boats, the boat was 12 foot long, looking like a flat-bottom boat with twin hulls. It went like a flash, a real thrill ride. My fisherman friend knew the river. There were many side channels. You could get lost if you didn’t know the river, partly because of its sharp bends. It was beautiful scenery, a stark contrast to the canal I had just crossed yesterday. We stopped and dropped anchor in a back channel. There the cypress and water oaks formed a towering roof 40 feet above us.
The Oklawaha River,* is a Creek Indian name for “muddy.” It is a little bit unusual because it flows north from Leesburg and then east where it dumps into the north-flowing St. Johns River…..
In the 19th and 20th centuries the river was used for steamboat transportation* from the St. Johns River mostly to the famous Silver Springs located center west of the now Ocala National Forest. In fact many famous figures traveled this way from Palatka to the springs: Ulysses S. Grant, Thomas Edison, and Harriet Beecher Stowe to name a few. These steam boats were very narrow. Many were only 18 feet wide at the waterline and 30 feet high above the water. They had to be small and have good turning capability to navigate the winding twisting river. The river is navigable for most of its length.
Many parts of the Oklawaha River’s natural beauty are as they were when the Seminoles roamed and hunted years ago. One will see semi-tropical forest along the sides of the river. The forests are filled with maples, bald cypress, palmettos and pines of all types. In fact, it is so wild that one may see many animals such as bobcats, deer, otters, wild boar, black bear and turkeys. There are also plenty of fish, small mammals and birds.
However we did not catch any of those plentiful fish….


text:
AQWorlds Cheats Master Here!
Okay guys! It’s almost time for Voltaire to be back. I will be giving you cheats about this special event which was awesome last time. You get to go to an island, and a boat. It’s like a movie you go step by step. And guess what! They talk words. Woot! Can’t wait. Well, thats it. I just wanted to let you know & here is a picture…
Filed under: Uncategorized | Tagged: AQWorlds Cheats, AQWorlds Cheats 2009, AQWorlds Cheats and Glitches, AQWorlds Cheats Master, AQWorlds Secrets, AQWorlds Secrets 2009, Club Penguin, Club Penguin Cheats, Club Penguin Cheats 2009, Club Penguin Cheats and Glitches, Club Penguin Secrets, Club Penguin Secrets 2009, Cranicar, Lordoc, Pengyboy4 |

domain: entertainment