|Publication number||US3683271 A|
|Publication date||Aug 8, 1972|
|Filing date||Jun 23, 1970|
|Priority date||Jun 23, 1970|
|Publication number||US 3683271 A, US 3683271A, US-A-3683271, US3683271 A, US3683271A|
|Original Assignee||Kobayashi Tatsuo|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (43), Classifications (8)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
Umted States Patent 1 51 3,683,271
Kobayashi 4 Aug. 8, 1972  POWER SUPPLY FILTER FOR NOISE 2,322,722 6/1943 Wentworth ..323/76 X SUPPRESSION 2,649,568 8/1953 Felch, Jr. et al. ..323/83 x  Inventor: Tatsuo Kobayashi 34 Shiomidai, 2,621,252 12/1952 Pont1us ..333/79 I g Yokohamo, Japan FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [221 Filed: Jun 2 1 7 1,101,857 1968 Great Britain ..336/l81  Appl. No.: 49,119
Foreign Application Priority Data June 30, 1969 June 30, 1969 July 17, 1969 July 17, 1969 July 17, 1969 Sept. 30, 1969 Sept. 30, 1969 Japan ..44/61006 Japan ..44/6 1 007 Japan ..44/67412 Japan ..44/67413 Japan ..44/67414 Japan ..44/92781 Japan ..44/92782 Primary Examiner-Gerald Goldberg Att0rney-Burgess, Ryan & Wayne  ABSTRACT The invention provides a power supply filter for noise suppression in which the windings of a plurality of lines for supplying a power supply voltage and current of a predetermined frequency are so wound around same magnetic core that the sum of the magnetic fluxes produced by the windings may become zero, thereby providing an inductance element. This inductance is almost negligible to a power supply frequency component while it is high to a high frequency noise component, so that the power supply frequency component is not attenuated while the high frequency component superposed upon the power supply frequency component is attenuated to a greater extent. A power supply filter for noise suppression which is compact in size and having a large current may be provided.
7 Claims, 17 Drawing Figures imi'u'ifiuuf8:912 3.683.271
sum 1 Hi3 FIG. I p o R I 2 PRIOR ART L i112 I In:
. I I l .1
3 PRIOR ART B A'BZ A2 4PR|OR ART AB: Al
, H1 H2 lo FIG. 5 FIG. 6
I ll v 1m I i2 FIG. 7 W #04 41 Ln PATENTEDwc 8 I972 FIG. 80
' sum 2 or 5 FIG. 8b
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a power supply filter for noise suppression and more particularly a power supply filter for noise suppression especially adapted to suppress the noise in a high frequency band.
Substantial noise sources are devices such as electric instruments or machines and noise originated from these sources may be classified as follows:
1. noise originated from spark discharges in apparatus utilizing high frequency sparks, thermostats, vibrators, relays, interrupters, etc..
2. noise originated from both of spark discharges and sliding contacts in series motors used in electric drills, electric hair-clippers, electric mixers, etc.
3. noise originated from corona discharge in power transmission lines, ozonizer, etc. and
4. noise originated from glow discharge in fluorescent lamps, neon signs, mercury arc rectifiers, etc.
Random and nonrandom noise originated from these noise sources is radiated through the space as electromagnetic waves or may travel along power supply lines so that the electric machines and equipment are adversely affected in operation.
In order to eliminate noise, there are various methods such as electrically shielding the noise sources so as to prevent the leakage of the electromagnetic waves which cause the interference; incorporating a filter circuit and resistor in a power circuit of a noise source so as to eliminate the noise current leaking from the noise source; and/or incorporating a filter circuit in a power circuit of an equipment whose function is adversely affected by noise. A filter circuit or a power supply filter for noise suppression must be compact in size, light in weight, inexpensive and simple to manufacture and having a current rating suitable for a given load.
The inductors used in the conventional power supply filter for noise suppression comprise, for each phase, ring-shaped (toroidal), U-type and E-type magnetic cores made of ferromagnetic materials and a few turns of winding wound around these cores so as to obtain a desired inductance in conjunction with capacitors. However, the effective permeability of a magnetic core varies depending upon the load current, that is magnetizing field strength applied to the core of the filter, because the magnetization curve of the magnetic core has a saturation value. That is, both of the effective permeability for the power supply frequency component and to the high frequency noise components are reduced as the lead current is increased.
In order to avoid the reduction in effective permeability, that is inductance, in the conventional inductor an air gap is provided in a magnetic path of a magnetic core so that the applied magnetic energy may be absorbed in this air gap, thereby suppressing the saturation. Therefore, the effective permeability of the magnetic path is exponentially reduced as the length of the air gap is increased, so that a number of turns must be increased in order to obtain a desired inductance, thus resulting in increase in size of a magnetic core, in cost and in resistance of DC winding and temperature rise due to unsatisfactory heat dissipation.
2 SUMMARY or THE rNvENTroN In view of the above, the present invention provides a power supply filter for noise suppression, compact in size yet with a higher current capacity which attenuates greatly the high frequency components superposed upon a power supply frequency component but will not attenuate the latter. The present invention contemplates to eliminate especially the noise which is superposed on zero-phase component upon the power supply voltage and current.
The present invention is characterized by the fact that a power supply filter for noise suppression comprises one magnetic core or magnetic path and the windings of a going-and-retum line wound around the magnetic core or path. The magnetic fluxes produced by the power supply frequency components in the going and return lines are out of phase from each other so that they are cancelled by each other. In consequence, the inductance to the power supply frequency component becomes zero. On the other hand, the magnetic core exhibits constantly a higher effective permeability to the high frequency noise components so that they are greatly attenuated.
The present invention is further characterized by the fact that each winding of a poly-phase circuit is wound around the same magnetic core or path, thereby providing an AC power supply filter for noise suppression. As in the case of the going-and-return line, the magnetic core or path exhibits a negligible inductance to the poly-phase power supply frequency component but a higher inductance to the higher frequency noise components, whereby a poly-phase power supply filter for noise suppression may be provided.
Furthermore, according to the present invention a capacitor or capacitors may be connected to the input terminals and/or output terminals of the filters of the character described above so that slight unbalances in phase and amplitude of high frequency components superposed upon the power supply frequency component may be matched.
According to the present invention, the magnetic core may be a laminated composite magnetic core consisting of a plurality of magnetic cores having different permeability vs. frequency characteristics so that the high frequency noise components in wide frequency band may be greatly attenuated.
According to the present invention, metallic spacers are interposed between the windings of the filters of the character described above and grounded so that a wide band filter for effective frequency may be provided.
The present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS an inductor used in the conventional power supply filter;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 depicts a waveform of current applied to the power supply filter illustrated in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the relationship between permeability and load current of the filter in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 depicts equivalent circuits of the filter in accordance with the present invention;
an air gap in the magnetic path of the magnetic core of an inductor so that the applied magnetic energy may be absorbed in this air gap, thereby suppressing the magnetic saturation. Therefore, the effective penneability is exponentially decreased as the length of the air gap is increased so that a number of turns must be increased in order to obtain a desired inductance. The increase in number of turns results in the bulky magnetic core, the increase in cost and resistance of the DC winding and FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment 10 the temperature rise due to unsatisfactory heat dissipaof a three-phase AC power supply filter in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 depicts waveforms of currents applied to the filter shown in FIG. 9;
FIGS. 11 and 12 depict variations of the power supply filter shown in FIG. 5 in which a capacitor or capacitors are interconnected;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a filter in accordance with the present invention for attenuating the high frequency noise components in a wide frequency band;
FIG. l4-a is a cross sectional view of a filter in accordance with the present invention for attenuating the high frequency noise components in a wide band;
FIG. l4-b is a perspective view of a spacer in accordance with the present invention used in the filter shown in FIG. 14-a; and
FIG. 15 is. a graph of attenuation vs. frequency characteristic of the filter shown in FIG. 14.
PRIOR ART FIG. 1 depicts an example of the prior at powersupply filter which is an L-type high-pass filter consisting of inductors L and L each consisting of an iron core and a winding wound around it a few turns, and capacitors C and C When the load current i consisting of a power frequency component i, plus superposed high frequency component i (See FIG. 2) is applied, the core made of a ferromagnetic material has a H-B curve as shown in FIG. 3. The magnetic field strength H will be H (41-rN i 101) (oersted) where N a number of turns;
i a current at an arbitary point of power supply frequency; and;
l a magnetic path length.
Therefore, the magnet core is magnetized to the point A,. When the high frequency component i is superposed, the magnetic field strength fluctuates at an amplitude of AH from the point A Thus, the magnetic core has an effective permeability of Au, =(AB /AH,) for the high frequency component i,,,. When i is increased further to i so that the magnetic core is saturated, the effective permeability Au (AB /AH reaches almost zero. That is, the effective permeability of the magnetic core for the high frequency component superposed is varied depending upon the magnitude i of the power supply frequency component. The permeability for i becomes lower as i is increased.
FIG. 4 shows the relationships between the power supply frequency component i, and the high frequency component i and effective permeability p and 14,, respectively.
In order to avoid the decrease of the effective permeability, that is inductance, the prior art provides tion.
When the reactance is increased in order to decrease the high frequency noise component so as to meet the increase in power supply load, the impedance to the power supply frequency component is also increased so that the power supply voltage to be applied to the load becomes exceedingly unstable.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 5 depicts a power supply filter for noise suppression in accordance with the present invention. Two windings N and N are wound on a magnetic core or magnetic path M in such a manner that the magnetic fluxes produced by the currents flowing through the windings N and N may be cancelled by each other. Thus, an inductor element is provided.
FIG. 6 depicts the waveshapes of the currents i and i flowing through the windings N and N of the inductor shown in FIG. 5. These currents i and i consist of the power supply frequency components 1', and i and the high frequency components i and i superposed thereupon. The magnitude of the magnetic flux induced by the power supply current i flowing through the winding N is same as that induced by the current i flowing through the winding N but the currents are out of phase. Therefore, the fluxes are cancelled by each other so that the magnetic core does not exhibit any flux variation, whereby the inductance remains zero. For the high frequency components i and i the magnetic core or toroid has high effective permeability, that is inductance so that the high frequency components are attenuated to a greater extent.
As seen from FIG. 7, the filter in accordance with the present invention exhibits low impedance for the power supply frequency component but has a high impedance to the high frequency components. Furthermore, the same characteristics may be maintained constantly even when the winding current is increased. The arrangement of the windings N and N based upon the above-described principle cancels the flux produced in the magnetic core by N X i and N X i within a power supply frequency range in which i and i are symmetrical, so that i and i may have any frequency including DC.
Furthermore, the effective permeability in the magnetic path may be made greater in practice, so that a number of turns of coil may be reduced and the distributed capacity of the coil may be also reduced. Therefore, the self resonance frequency may become higher compared with the conventional filter and the filter of the present invention may be operated even when an air gap is provided. The filter of the invention is effective especially when the amplitude of the noise current component i is greater.
FIG. 8 is an equivalent circuit of the inductance element shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 8-a is an equivalent circuit for the power supply current in which L designates the leakage inductance due to the mismatching between the coils N and N C,,, a coupling capacitor between the windings; and R a resistance of the winding.
FIG. 8-b is an equivalent circuit for the high frequency noise component superposed upon the power supply current in which L, designates a self-inductance of the winding; C,, a distributed capacity; R a DC resistance of the winding plus the high frequency loss of the magnet core; and C a mutual capacitance between the windings which may be equal to C in FIG. 8-a.
From these equivalent circuits shown in FIGS. 8-a and 8-b, the characteristics of the high frequency noise filter may be analyzed as follows:
1. L must be made as smaller as possible in order to suppress the effective magnetization of the core;
2. The magnitude of C, is preferably made greater for matching the zero-phase noise;
3. R must be smaller so as to avoid the temperature rise due to the ohmic loss;
4. L, must be increased in order to increase the effective filtration impedance so as to improve the filtration characteristics;
5. C must be made as smaller as possible in order to minimize the leakage of the high frequency component; and
6. It is preferable that R which is dependent upon the magnetic material is greater so that a suitable material must be selected.
An ideal filter which can satisfy the above-mentioned conditions may be provided in a manner to be described hereinafter. That is, to reduce L and C, and to increase C,,, a pair of windings to be wound around the core are made of two insulated conductors which are twisted with each other and then made into unitary construction by applying a suitable insulating paint having a suitable dielectric constant. Alternately the two insulated conductors may be wound in the form of honeycomb coil so that C, may be reduced. According to these methods, the relative position of the winding to the core may be maintained constant so that L may be exceedingly reduced and a space factor in the bobbin of the winding may be also reduced, whereby C, may be also exceedingly made smaller.
For example, a pair of magnetic wires insulated with polyurethane plastic coatings and 0.5 mm in diameter were wound 30 turns on an E-type core with a straight bar having a length of 30 mm and made of a ferrite having an initial permeability of 2,000, L was 8 microhenrys and C, was 10 pF. According to the present invention, L and C, may be reduced to 0.7 micro-henrys and to 2.5 pF respectively. Thus, the characteristics may be greatly improved.
Two insulated winding wires may be disposed in sideby-side relation and made integral by applying an insulating paint having a suitable dielectric constant. In this case, the characteristics may be sufficiently improved even though they are somewhat inferior to those attained by the above described methods.
The power supply filter in accordance with the present invention may be employed not only in a twowire line but also in a poly-phase-wire line. FIG. 9 depicts a three-phase AC power supply filter for noise suppression. The windings N N and N;, are so wound around the magnetic core or magnetic path M that the fluxes produced may be cancelled by each other. The currents i i and i flowing through the windings N N and N consist of the fundamental waves i i and i of the power supply frequency components and high frequency components i i and i,,;,. That is, i, i, i 1, i2 =i 2 i g, and i3 i g i s.
The power supply frequency components i i and 1' are out of phase by 120 with respect to each other as shown in FIG. 10 so that the magnetic induction in the magnetic core is cancelled. Therefore, the magnetic core is not magnetized normally and no electromotive force is induced. That is, the windings N N and N have no inductance for the power supply frequency components i i and i,,;,.
The magnetic core has high permeability to the high frequency components i i and i,, because the core remains demagnetized. Thus, the magnetic core has no reactance for the power supply frequency components but have a high reactance for the high frequency components so that the latter are attenuated.
FIG. 1 1 depicts the filter similar to one shown in FIG. 5 except that a capacitor C interconnects the input terminals a and b so that the inductance for the power supply high frequency component reaches zero while the inductance for the high frequency component becomes higher. Furthermore, the capacitor C serves to match slight unbalances in phase and amplitude of the high frequency component so that the above-mentioned effect is further improved.
FIG. 12 depicts a modification of the filter shown in FIG. 11. In addition to the matching capacitor C a series circuit of filter capacitors C and C is connected to the output terminals c and d in parallel and the junction of the capacitors C and C is grounded. The capacitor C serves to match slight unbalance in phase and amplitude of the high frequency component while the filter capacitors C and C bypass the leakage high frequency component.
In a filter for suppressing the high frequency noise, a wide band from a lower frequency range to a higher frequency range must be attenuated to a great extent. The highest frequencies range from 20 to MHz or over.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the magnetic core A is made of a magnetic material having a high permeability while the magnetic core B, of a magnetic material having a relatively lower permeability but an improved permeability vs. frequency characteristic and a higher resistivity. The permeability of the magnetic cores A and B are so selected that the resultant impedance vs. frequency characteristic may be within a predetermined range or only the thicknesses of the cores A and B are suitably selected.
For example, the magnetic core A was made of a Mn-Zn-series ferrite of an initial permeability of 5,000 while the magnetic core B, Ni-Zn series ferrite of an initial permeability of 500. The outer diameter was 15 rrrrn, the inner diameter was 7 mm and the height was 4 mm. These cores are in the form of ring or toroid.
Fifteen turns of wire 0.4 nun in diameter were wound around the laminated magnetic cores A and B. The inductance was 800 ,uH ata lower frequency of 100 KHZ and 30 ! at a higher frequency of 20 MHz with a dis tributed capacitance of 1.5 pF.
When the magnetic core assembly consisting of the cores A and B made of different magnetic materials are used, the lower frequencies are attenuated to a greater extent by the magnetic core A while the higher frequencies are greatly attenuated by the core B so that the frequencies in a wide band may be effectively attenuated.
The same effects will be attained when the magnetic core assembly consist of more than two magnetic cores made of different materials or when E-type and U-type magnetic cores are used with or without straight bars.
The embodiment shown in FIG. 14 also serves to attenuate the frequencies in a wide band.
In general, the distributed capacitance between the windings of the high frequency inductor, is increased in proportion to a square of a number of turns. When the high frequency current flows through this inductor, a parallel circuit of a capacitance and inductance is formed through the distributed capacitance produced in parallel with the main inductance so that the high frequency component leaks through the capacitance component. In a frequency region higher than a selfresonance frequency which is determined by the main inductance and the distributed capacitance, the impedance is gradually reduced, so that noise may not be attenuated over a wide band.
Referring to FIG. 14-a, the winding W is wound around a bobbin B and is divided by spacers R which are grounded. The spacer R has a slit Z as shown in FIG. 14b. The embodiment shown in FIG. 14 serves very effectively not only to increase the capacitance between the winding W and the earth and but also to reduce the parallel distributed capacitance. The shape of the spacer R may be varied depending upon a core and bobbin to be used, but it must have a slit as shown in FIG. 14-b so that the short-circuit may be prevented when it functions as a secondary. This slit also serves to pass the wire in winding.
FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the attenuation and frequency characteristic of a filter in which three wires 0.3 mm in diameter were wound 50 turns in parallel with each other around a pot core having an initial permeability of 2,500 and an effective permeability of 200 and one spacer was used.
From FIG. 15, it is seen that the self-resonance frequency becomes about 2.7 times while the equivalent distributed capacitance is reduced to 0.95 pF from 6.2 pF.
In case of the pot core having an initial permeability of 500 and an effective permeability of 350, the selfresonance frequency was increased about two times compared with the case employing the conventional spacer.
The same effects would be obtained when ringshaped, E-type or U-type magnetic cores with or without straight bars are used. Furthermore, the same effects will be attained even when a bobbin is not used.
What is claimed is:
l. A noise suppressing power supply filter comprising a plurality of lines for supplying power supply voltage and current of a predetermined frequency component, said voltage and current including high frequency noise components, and
said inductance element having a pair of input terminals connected to said plurality of lines;
and capacitor means connected across said input terminals for adjusting imbalances in the phases of said high frequency noise components,
said inductance element having a negligible inductance to said power supply frequency component and a high inductance to said high frequency noise component which is superposed on the power supply frequency component.
2. A filter of the character defined in claim 1 wherein said plurality of lines are two going and returning lines.
3. A filter of the character defined in claim 1 wherein said plurality of lines are poly-phase AC lines.
4. A filter of the character defined in claim 1 wherein each winding of said plurality of lines consists of a plurality of insulated conductors twisted together or disposed in side-by-side relation with each other.
5. A filter of the character defined in claim 1 wherein said magnetic core comprises a plurality of magnetic cores each having a different permeability vs. frequency characteristic.
6. A filter of the character defined in claim 1, wherein said inductance element has output terminals connected to said plurality of lines, and a grounding capacitor connected to said output terminals.
7. A filter of the character defined in claim 1 wherein the windings wound around said same magnetic core are divided by spacers made of a conductor whose surfaces are sufficiently insulated and which are grounded.
, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent 3. 683.27l Dated Auqust 8. 1972 Invent0 Tatsuo Kobavashi It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
The first page of the patent is to indicate the assignment to E. R. D. Corporation of Tokyo, Japan recorded as Reel 2628, Frame 392 on June 23, 1970.
Signed and sealed this 13th day of March 1973.
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM PO-IOSO (10-69) USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 fi U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I969 o-ass-aza UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 3 271 Dated August a 1212 In ent Tatsuo Kobavashi 1 It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
The first page of the patent is to indicate the assignment to E. R. D. Corporation of Tokyo, Japan recorded as Reel 2628, Frame 392 on June 23, 1970.
Signed and sealed this 13th day of March 1973.
EDWARD M.PLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM FO-105O (10-69) USCOMM'DC 50376-P69 Q UYS. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF CE I969 O'366-334
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text:
Monday, August 18, 2008
Medpedia: Another Medical Wiki?
Is the Medpedia project yet another medical wiki? Or will this be something different? There are already several medical wikis out there.
Medpedia is being developed in association with four major medical universities: Harvard, Stanford, UC Berkeley, and the University of Michigan.
Will this be Web 2.0 at its best? Will medical wikis serve as the primary source of medical information for healthcare professionals and consumers? Since anyone can contribue to wikis, how will the immense volume of information be monitored and controlled?

domain: health


Look, I know you like the netbook idea -- and you love netbook prices. If you're like most people, you think tablets are expensive, slow, heavy and a pain to use. But if you've bought one, you know that netbooks aren't as great as they sound. And next year's tablets will be way better than you think.
Of course, everybody's talking about, hinting at and arguing over all the non-existent tablets of tomorrow. You've heard a lot about , for example, which could hit the market as early as March.
News broke recently that Apple has taken control of the TabletMac trademark. The tablet formerly known as CrunchPad (now unfortunately named the JooJoo; see video) goes on sale today for $499. Asustek is said to be planning to launch a tablet based on the Eee PC. And Dell may show a touch-screen Android tablet at the Consumer Electronics Show, or CES, next month.
I'm sure this is one seafaring hazard metaphor too many, but all this tablet news is just the tip of the iceberg. You can expect small touch-screen tablets from all major vendors, and minor ones as well.
As Ian Paul argued today in a PC World column, "2010 will be the year of the tablet computer." (Paul is one of the few Apple tablet deniers, but his recent piece indicates that he may be coming around to the inevitable.)
Why Tablets are Finally Ready for Prime Time
Tablet devices have a bad reputation, thanks primarily to Microsoft's fuzzy vision for the devices, which resulted in several years of incredibly expensive, slow, clunky, unappealing pen-based tablets from all the usual Microsoft partners.
Seven trends are conspiring as we speak to usher in a tsunami of tablets totally unlike the current generation of tablet PCs. Here's what's new:
1. Touch instead of pen
Microsoft always loved the stylus, but most people hate it. Apple and others understood that actually touching the screen is far more appealing than using some funky pen. And touch requires an entirely different user interface, which Microsoft was unwilling or unable to build into Windows until Windows 7.
The casual observer might believe that the usability difference between pen and touch is small. But using a pen is an unnatural act, one that until very recently only a tiny minority of people ever engaged in. The psychological payoffs for using a pen on paper are the tactile feel of the paper, the instant feedback of the trail of ink and the physicality of stacks and files and binders of paper notes. Pen-based computer systems don't offer any of those payoffs.
Meanwhile, interacting with and manipulating objects in our environment with our fingers is the most natural of acts. People have been doing it since before our species even existed.
Most users don't really know why they like or don't like different user interfaces. They don't know why tablet-based and stylus-based devices are somewhat irritating to use, and why touch-based interfaces like the iPhone are a joy to use. The reason can be found not in the design of the gadget, but in the design of humans -- we're the ones who are touch-based systems.
In one respect, pen and touch systems are opposites. One makes us adapt, the other adapts to us.
The main difference in usability between yesterday's tablets and next year's tablets is touch. And touch will make all the difference in the world.
2. Cell phone operating systems
Current tablet systems are PCs that run full-size PC operating systems, usually Microsoft Windows. The combination of mobile processors and the extra layer of code required for the pen system resulted in a relatively slow experience. It also helps make tablets more expensive.
Next year's tablets will run cell phone operating systems like iPhone OS, Android and others. That will make them cheaper, faster and far more usable on a mobile device.
3. Cheaper components
Because tomorrow's tablets will be big cell phones, rather than small PCs, they'll be cheaper to manufacture. They'll have lower-powered chips, less RAM, smaller screens, fewer ports and cheaper (or free) operating systems.
Plus, Moore's Law is still in effect. All component prices will come down, which means next year's touch tablets will be priced similarly to last year's netbooks: Cheap!


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My name is Rob, a software developer living and working in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. I started this website in March 2005 with the intent to post one photo every day. There have been lapses in my postings, but in the first year that the blog has been active, I posted 190 photos.
I then took a long hiatus starting in 2007. Now, in 2011, I miss photography, so I am restarting and rebuilding the site. This time around, I want to spend more time capturing the photos and less time in the digital darkroom.
Trying to post daily forces me to look for the potential in everything around me and gives me a chance to share my photography
and learn from your comments and criticism. I love searching for the beauty all around us that we pass without seeing. Please comment on the photos.
In exchange, I will do my best to update the site
every day as often as possible, listen to your critisism and answer your questions.
2005-04-11 - Moody Monday Favorite - Masculine
If you would like to use any of my work for commercial purposes, please contact me at Rob Prouse.
The site theme is a modified version of The World in 35mm
You can contact me by email at Rob Prouse. I love meeting up with other photographers and going on photo-walks, so give me a shout.

domain: hobby


text:
Broadway is littered with shows that either have been and currently are extraordinary. However, there are some shows that have truly altered the fabric of Broadway in major ways. We each have our own ideas about what shows should make the list, but here is a list of a handful of shows that virtually all people can agree on.
A Chorus Line
July 25, 1975 is when A Chorus Line first opened at the Shubert Theatre on Broadway. This production makes the list because of its class and working themes. The storyline of a group of hardworking hopefuls looking to make it big easily resonated with audiences when it opened and continued to impact audiences until it closed fifteen years later on April 28, 1990. It also started the workshop process for musicals and incorporated innovative lighting techniques that were normally reserved for movies.
Cats first opened at Broadway’s Winter Garden Theatre on October 7, 1982. The selection of this show may come as a surprise to some, but it was selected because it is seen by many as the production that triggered the British Invasion. The British Invasion was a mid-1960s phenomenon that occurred when rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom, as well as other aspects of British culture, became popular in the United States. This time it was shows from the West End storming the Big Apple.
Company, which first opened at the Alvin Theatre in April 26, 1970, differs from many Broadway productions in that it is a concept musical. The series of short vignettes, presented in no particular chronological order centers around Bobby, his engaged/married friends, and his multiple girlfriends. In addition to the style in which it was presented, this production proved to be classic because it was among the first musicals to tackle adult topics and relationships.
Hair opened at the Biltmore Theatre on April 29, 1968 after a short stint Off-Broadway. This show saw the creation of a new sub-genre known as the rock musical that used comedic vignettes to tell a story. Birthed by the 60’s and the anti-war movement, this show opened the door for a subset of musicals that is still being explored today.
Of Thee I Sing!
December 26, 1931 was when the George and Ira Gershwin scored Of Thee I Sing! first opened. As the first musical to win a Pulitzer, this show blurred the lines between musical theatre and operetta in addition to gracefully handling political topics on stage in a musical.
Oklahoma! originally opened at the St. James Theatre on Broadway in March 31, 1943. As the first collaboration between the dynamic duo Rodgers and Hammerstein, the show creatively blended music, dance, and dialogue unlike any show before it. Many believe that Oklahoma! took what started with Show Boat and built upon it to create a production that altered the course of American musicals from that moment on.
The show, which opened December 25, 1940 at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, is another production on the list spearheaded by its risky and perhaps uncomfortable themes. Pal Joey unearthed the darker side of human nature in a way that had not been explored before, and perhaps well ahead of its time. This play embodies the concept of the anti-hero in the character Joey who is not phased by the way he emotionally toys with the women who fall in love with him. Plus, the show also contained overt sexuality and anti-romanticism themes that again strayed away from the norm of the day, making it a one of a kind production.
Rent opened at Broadway’s Nederlander Theatre on April 29, 1996 and made huge waves in the Broadway world. It covered the controversial topics of HIV/AIDS and drug addiction through a series of well-intertwined individual stories. It also brought in a whole new generation of younger theater viewers as a result of the storyline and the music. Long after it closed on Broadway, the message it conveyed still impacts those who viewed it.
Show Boat, which opened December 27, 1927, makes the list because of the artistic and thematic strides taken by Oscar Hammerstein. The play boldly addressed the issues of racism and classism as portrayed by the characters’ reactions to an illegal interracial marriage and the second-class status of African Americans during that time period. The music and lyrics created for the production intensify the plot and move it along in a well-connected manner.
The Lion King
The Lion King opened at the New Amsterdam Theater on November 13, 1997 and it continues to amaze children and adults alike. It was Disney’s second stab at Broadway after serving up the innovative Beauty and the Beast in 1994. The Lion King not only makes the list because of the beautiful and elaborate artistic nature of the animal costumes and the scenery which have been featured in the Smithsonian, but it also makes the list because it helped to create a new family-friendly subset on Broadway. This film-to-stage translation took a story that kids loved and stunningly recreated it in a way that could be enjoyed by all members of the family, opening the door for other family-friendly productions to follow and succeed.
Opening April 19, 2001, The Producers was a huge blockbuster musical that revamped Broadway theatre in that it “created (or re-created) a new era of “wink wink,” self-referential, fourth-wall-destroying musical theater”, as put by About.com’s Paul Cozby. This musical also excited the Tony Awards in a way that many shows before it failed to do.
West Side Story
West Side Story first opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 26, 1957. It makes the list of Broadway changing greats because it built upon the foundation of Oklahoma! by adding a modern-day urban setting. Director and choreographer of the show, Jerome Robbins, gracefully combined “realism and fantasy, athleticism and ballet, and grit in grace” in order to bring the story to life, as put by About.com writer Paul Cozby. He adds that “West Side Story is a bridge between the so-called “Golden Age” musicals of Rodgers and Hammerstein and the Sondheim era about to begin. Interestingly, it lost the Best Musical Tony to The Music Man.”
Whether or not your favorite show made the list, you cannot deny the value of the shows mentioned above, and the ripples they made upon future productions. Each show has made an incalculable impact that will be felt by generations of theatre lovers to come.
Author: Diamond Grant

domain: entertainment


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Thailand is set to become the 16th nation to join the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) later this week, as Japan continues to look for partner countries in which it can generate carbon offset credits by investing in clean projects.
The two nations will hold a signing ceremony in Tokyo on Thursday, a senior Ministry of Environment official told Carbon Pulse.
Thailand will become the sixth ASEAN member to join JCM, following Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam.
Japan has estimated that the scheme will generate around 50-100 million offsets by 2030.
So far, only seven projects have been registered with a combined capacity to cut just over 1,000 tonnes of CO2e per year. One more project is the pipeline.
By Stian Reklev – firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: finance


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I surveyed my teachers for worthy candidates and met with my team of ten, 4 third graders and 6 fourth graders, to discuss their responsibilities. We worked on a school library survey to get input from all the grade levels. Their first task is to choose books from Capstone to spend my Bonus Rewards. Then next year they can choose to stay on the team and help use some of our library budget money to purchase books to fill gaps in our Fiction and Everybody sections. These kids were super excited, and gave up their recess time to help the Kindergarten and First grade students fill out the survey over several weeks.
Today we met to start the book selection process.
First they looked over the survey results to decide what kinds of books students wanted more of for our library.
Our top categories were:
- Graphic Novels and Comics (Superheroes)
- Drawing (and origami)
- Scary (and zombies)
- Fairy Tales
Then they got to look through some sample titles from Capstone. (We had a couple of third graders visiting the library before the team arrived who migrated to the tables to take a look as well. Let's just say the superhero books were quite popular!)
Before they left our session, they each had to pick a book they felt was a "MUST HAVE" book from the table. Here are a few of their opinions:

domain: literature


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Legendary Telugu Actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao has lived a complete live entertaining the audience till his last breath. He even completed the dubbing of his character in Manam in his final days from the death bed indicating his love for Cinema.
Manam, his last film ended up as a classic, and ANR’s character will be remembered for a very long time. There has been a demand for making ANR’s biopic for a long time. Nagarjuna was asked about the project in the Wild Dog success meet.
“I always wanted to make ANR Biopic. But I am a bit scared to attempt it. But when we are afraid, we will do it much carefully. It is always on Cards,” Nagarjuna said. Akkineni fans are very excited about this announcement and are eagerly waiting for the project to go on floors as soon as possible.Follow @THEPANIPURI

domain: artistic


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Dark coloured fur is always challenging!
For me it’s a fine line between the actual colour of your pet and what makes
a nice work of art. Too dark, you don’t see the pet.
Too light, it doesn’t look right somehow.
The picture here shows you what I mean (click on the image for a larger view). The reference picture I used is on the left.
She is a pretty little French Bulldog, but very dark. She’s actually a rich chocolate and black mix (brindle).
This portrait was created in ink & wash. The middle image is the first one I did, but as the ink dried I felt it was too light – most clients want the portrait to look like their pet. So, I did it again (right image). This is closer to the picture but I still kept it lighter so you can see the detail in her face and her eyes (artistic license!). But, as always, the quality of your finished portrait depends heavily on the quality (think sharpness and detail) of your original image.


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Estimated read time: 1-2 minutes
This archived news story is available only for your personal, non-commercial use. Information in the story may be outdated or superseded by additional information. Reading or replaying the story in its archived form does not constitute a republication of the story.
HONOLULU (AP) — A financially troubled Honolulu charter school had more than $101,000 in questionable spending, the Public Charter School Commission said.
Details are emerging about how Halau Lokahi Charter School spent money before running out of funds last school year and stopped paying rent and payroll.
The commission flagged more than $101,000 in expenditures as "needing explanation," the Honolulu Star-Advertiser (http://ow.ly/G7y71 ) reported Thursday. According to the commission, the school made out checks ranging from $856 to $21,347 without indicating which services were provided. Other payments included more than $8,500 for Rainbow Healing Arts, which provides massages, and nearly $5,000 to a purveyor of essential oils.
Debit cards for the school's bank account have been canceled and the co-director is on administrative leave after a raid by the state attorney general's office.
Co-director Callei Allbrett was put on unpaid leave earlier this month. She was business manager and became co-director after her mother, Laura Allbrett, the school's founder and longtime director, was forced to resign.
"The real story is about the struggles and challenges of Hawaii's native people," Callei Allbrett told the newspaper. She said the school was supposed "to be free from bureaucratic red tape."
The school stopped paying rent and salaries and ran up $500,000 in debt before the end of last school year.
The charter commission demanded a change in leadership before giving the school a new annual contract. In an effort to restructure, a new board plans to lay off the entire staff and rebuild with a smaller group of employees.
Information from: Honolulu Star-Advertiser, http://www.staradvertiser.com
Copyright © The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

domain: news


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List of authorized banks of Azerbaijan National Fund for Entrepreneurship Development expands
Azerbaijan, Baku, September 2 / Trend , N.Ismayilova /
According to initial forecasts, the 2010 Public budget will provide 74 million manat for the National Fund for Entrepreneurship Development (NFED) under the Ministry of Economic Development of Azerbaijan, executive director of the Fund Shirzad Abdullayev said on September 2.
"In addition, studies are underway to determine the amount of revenues from the interest of loans that the Fund has provided formerly, and after the completion of studies, it will be possible to speak about resources of the Fund for the next year," said Abdullayev.
This year, the right to place NFED funds was presented two more banks - Xalq Bank and Azfinans Bank. In total, the Fund has 36 authorized credit organizations, including four credit unions and 32 banks. There are 46 banks in the country.
In 2009, the National Fund will provide 130 million manat preferential credits, of which 74 million manat falls on Public budget, while 56 million manat formed by the formerly granted loans.
Official rate on September 2 is 0.804 AZN/USD.
Do you have feedback? Contact our journalist at: [email protected]


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The House Education Committee killed a draft bill aimed at starting a state-funded, voluntary pre-kindergarten program.
Committee members, led by Rep. Gayann DeMordaunt, R-Eagle, killed the Idaho School Readiness Act on Friday, refusing to introduce the bill. The move does more than kill the bill for the year. Because the vote came during an introductory hearing, which are usually short and routine, it dealt a serious blow to early childhood education advocates. They had hoped to get the bill introduced, and start a larger debate about early childhood education.
According to a new report from Education Commission of the States, Idaho is just one of four states that does not fund preschool.
Rep. Paul Amador, R-Coeur d’Alene, and Idaho Business For Education President Rod Gramer pushed for the bill’s introduction.
Gramer said early childhood education was the top priority among IBE’s approximately 200 members.
“Year after year after year, these hard-nosed business leaders in our state — by an overwhelming majority — say early childhood education should be the No. 1 priority we have because it forms the foundation of all learning.”
Most House Education Republicans weren’t convinced.
After referencing PTA testimony from another hearing about how early childhood education programs can introduce education fundamentals through play, Rep. Barbara Ehardt, R-Idaho Falls, said the state shouldn’t be spending taxpayer dollars to teach 4-year-olds to play.
“My question to her was we’re going to spend all of this money to teach 3- and 4-year-olds, who inherently should know how to play, how to play,” Ehardt said. “What is the purpose of preschool and this bill that you are bringing?”
DeMordaunt said the education budget was already spread too thin this year.
“In another year or in the future it might merit future discussions,” she said, “but at this point, we already know revenues are low or slow to come in given the tax changes.”
Amador pointed out that the bill set up a structure of early childhood learning, and would not affect the budget unless the Joint Finance-Appropriations Committee chose to approve funding. According to the bill, any early childhood education program would be “subject to available funding.”
The bill would have required local community groups to match any state funding.
The bill would have instructed the State Department of Education to “establish a voluntary statewide school readiness program using an evidence-based curriculum…” The bill would have allowed home-based or site-based programs.
Legislators twice attempted to cut off Amador and Gramer, saying they were taking too much time and getting too far into the weeds for a simple introductory hearing.
“Is this an (introductory) hearing or a full hearing?” asked Rep. Judy Boyle, R-Midvale, about 18 minutes into the discussion.
Generally speaking, introductory hearings are brief affairs. Sponsors generally present a simple argument in hopes of bringing a bill back for a full hearing. In the Senate Education Committee, for example, legislators have sometimes devoted only a minute or two to introductory hearings.
Amador offered an apology, saying that he was simply excited about a proposal that he believed in. Efforts to speed up the hearing clearly angered Rep. Steve Berch, a Boise Democrat who opposed killing the bill.
“If this body has the time to talk about getting rid of daylight saving time and just about everything else that comes before us, we certainly have time to have an intelligent and thoughtful debate on probably the single most important issue for our state, which is the education of our children,” Berch said.
Clow attempted to cut off Berch’s comment for referencing a different bill —after which Berch said he was only trying to make point.
In the end, Reps. John McCrostie, D-Garden City, Ryan Kerby, R-New Plymouth, Berch and Clow voted against killing the bill. The committee’s other 10 Republicans voted to kill it.
School board executive session
In other action Friday, House Education approved a bill to tweak the rules under which a school board could enter into a closed-door executive session.
If House Bill 150 passes, school boards that are experiencing vacancies would be able to enter into an executive session based on a simple majority vote as opposed to the current requirement of a two-thirds supermajority.
The Idaho School Boards Association and Rep. Bill Goesling, a former school trustee, pushed for the bill. Goesling, R-Moscow, said if a five-member school board faces two vacancies — such as through a retirement, recall, illness or death — the board would not have the numbers to enter into an executive session. Therefore, the school board would not be able to address issues such as personnel matters or student discipline.
Jody Hendrickx, a school board member from St. Maries, used the Legislature’s videoconferencing remote testimony program to address lawmakers from North Idaho College. He supported the bill.
“It has happened in St. Maries in the past,” Hendrickx said. “We had trouble filing two vacancies, I know from personal experience.”
HB 150 next heads to the full House with a recommendation it passes.
Senate passes charter administrators’ bill
A bill to create new — and alternative — standards for charter school administrators is headed to the House.
Senate Bill 1058 would allow charters to go around the traditional certification process. An administrator would have to hold a bachelor’s degree, meet one of several work experience requirements and pass a criminal background check. The administrator would also need to receive training on teacher evaluations, and produce a letter from the charter’s board that says trustees are “committed to overseeing the applicant’s performance.”
Supporters say the bill would allow charter schools to hire a leader with a background in business, budgeting or human resources. It would also allow charters to recruit experienced administrators from other states. In most of the 40 states with charters, administrators do not need to receive a state certificate — and as a result, they cannot move to a job in Idaho, said Sen. Lori Den Hartog, R-Meridian, the bill’s sponsor.
“(Charters) are the testing ground,” she said. “I think we can do this without hurting our students.”
Opponents painted SB 1058 as a money grab, which would allow charters to hire a less qualified administrator, while collecting full state funding for administrative positions. They also said the relaxed standards would compromise learning.
“I think this bill moves us in the wrong direction,” said Sen. Grant Burgoyne, D-Boise.
SB 1058 passed 21-12, over bipartisan objections. Voting no were Republican Sens. Bert Brackett of Rogerson, Jim Guthrie of Inkom, Mark Harris of Soda Springs, Dan Johnson of Lewiston and Abby Lee of Fruitland; and Democratic Sens. Cherie Buckner-Webb of Boise, Maryanne Jordan of Boise, David Nelson of Moscow, Mark Nye of Pocatello, Michelle Stennett of Ketchum, Janie Ward-Engelking of Boise and Burgoyne.
A similar bill passed both houses in 2018, but Gov. Butch Otter vetoed it on the final day of the session.
Idaho Education News reporter Kevin Richert contributed to this report.

domain: law


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Last Tuesday, I did my monthly co-hosting slot on Vape Talk UK – if you didn’t watch the show, it was a great night of the usual vaping news and banter (bantzbrobantz) and you can catch the replay here.
Live on the show I released the first information regarding the return of VapeCollective in 2017.
If you’re a vendor and you’d like to be at VapeCollective, then you can email me on email@example.com
If you believe any of the headlines in the red top rag, The Sun, then today may be a day for celebration.
Yesterday, The Sun reported that following the Brexit referendum a Whitehall “insider” gave them enough information to print a story that the TPD would be scrapped, following a “widespread review of Brussels bureaucracy”.
Make no mistake though, The Sun’s story only mentions e-cigarettes and vaping once and does not address the positive benefits of their potential harm reduction. The Sun’s angle here was all about “the draconian ban on minty cigs”, which could lead to people taking up smoking, and other agendas on the “list of “nanny state” measures the new government will review.”
The Rude Oil Prisma Vape Art Competition is ***NOW CLOSED***
And the winner is…
Andrew Lightowler who gave us this very cool image, which he described as a, “Walking Dead version of tonight’s setups. ML Class and Serpent Mini with Grumpy Custard and Able and Kennedy with Raspberry Doughnut.”
Many congrats to Andrew – a 30ml tin of Rude Oil will be winging it’s way to you very soon!
66% of smokers who successfully switch to vaping say they have fewer respiratory infections, according to a study led by Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).
An online survey carried out by Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) of 941 subjects, all smokers who switched to vaping for at least two months. The results, published in the Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, show that 66 per cent of respondents described an improvement in respiratory symptoms, 29 per cent reported no change and 5 per cent reported worsening.
This research follows previous studies that found similar information such as the Royal College of Physicians in the UK, which concluded e-cigarettes are 95% less harmful than tobacco.
The Louisiana floods have been a disaster of tragic and epic proportions.
The Red Cross dispatched an army of volunteers to flood-ravaged Louisiana on Wednesday to deal with what the relief group is calling “the worst natural disaster to strike the United States since Superstorm Sandy.”
The floods have devastated the home and life of a fellow member of the vaping community and reviewer, Zach Marable. AKA, Vaping Moderation.
Please show your support by donating to their Go Fund Me page, or sharing on your social media.


COLLEGE PARK, Md. – The Maryland men’s basketball team heads to Rutgers for a Tuesday night tilt with the Scarlet Knights at 6:30 p.m. on the Big Ten Network.
• Kevin Huerter, Anthony Cowan and Melo Trimble all scored in double figures but Maryland ran into a hot-shooting Iowa squad Saturday and fell 83-69 at XFINITY Center.
• Huerter led all Terrapin scorers with 13 points and added a team-high five assists. Cowan posted 11 points and Trimble chipped in with 10 for his 27th double-figure scoring game this season and his 18th consecutive. The Upper Marlboro, Md., native needs only two points to become the 14th player in Maryland men’s basketball history to record 1,600 career points.
• It marked the first time the Terps have lost three games in a row since dropping three straight at Georgia Tech (2/25), at North Carolina (2/29) and vs. Virginia (3/4) in 2012 in head coach Mark Turgeon’s first year at the helm of the Maryland Basketball program. Maryland has not lost four in a row since the 2004-05 season when it dropped consecutive contests to Clemson (2/22), North Carolina (2/27), Virginia Tech (3/5) and then Clemson (3/10) in the Atlantic Coast Conference tournament.
• Maryland has won four straight in the series against Rutgers, including a 67-55 win over the Scarlet Knights on Jan. 24 at XFINITY Center this season. Melo Trimble fueled a second-half surge and capped the game with 17 points. Kevin Huerter added 11 points and a career-high six assists.
• With five blocks against Iowa on Saturday, senior center Damonte Dodd moved into No. 8 on Maryland’s career blocks list, tied with Travis Garrison (2002-06). The Centreville, Md., native boasts 136 for his career and 46 this season. He is five shy of matching his career high for blocks in a season, established during his sophomore campaign.
• Maryland is 10-2 in games away from XFINITY Center this season, including a 6-2 conference mark in road games.


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Historically, the month of August in Maryland is known for its hot and humid lazy southern days, and a slower schedule. It's the time often referred to as the "dog days" of summer. Although many say it is a quiet time of the year usually reserved for vacations, history disagrees.
To be certain, "By tradition and by law, Congress recesses for the month of August," according to a history found on the website of the U.S. Senate.
"When the Senate moved to its current chamber in 1859, senators were optimistic about its 'modern' ventilation system, but they soon found the new system ineffective. Long sessions were plagued by hot and stormy weather.
"The 1920s brought 'manufactured weather' to the Senate chamber, but even modern climate control could not cope with the hottest days, forcing 20th-century senators to escape the summer heat. In 1970, finally facing the reality of long sessions, Congress mandated a summer break as part of the Legislative Reorganization Act."
Of course, some will argue that Congress taking the month off is a good thing. Others may suggest that in recent memory there is little difference between Congress in session and Congress in recess. However, to suggest that nothing happens in government during the month of August is really a misperception.
One of the biggest challenges in history for Washington, D.C., and the nation, was the British invasion that occurred before the Beatles, the Who and the Rolling Stones first appeared on the scene from 1964-1966.
Before The Beatles, there was the time, Aug. 24-25, 1814, to be exact, during the British invasion known as the War of 1812, when British forces burned the Capitol, the White House and many other public administration buildings in the city.
While perhaps not as colorful, other significant events also took place in the final month of summer.
It was on Aug. 2, 1776, when most of the 55 representatives of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence.
On Aug. 2, 1923, President Warren Harding died in office in San Francisco.
President Abraham Lincoln signed into the law the first federal income tax in the country's history on Aug. 5, 1861. It was originally designed to collect a 3 percent tax on incomes over $800 to pay for the Civil War. It was later declared unconstitutional.
At noon, on Aug. 9, 1974, President Richard Nixon resigned the presidency as a result of the Watergate scandal. Gerald Ford became the 38th president of the United States in an unusual succession of office that essentially ended a constitutional crisis.
On Aug. 14, 1935, President Franklin Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act.
On Aug. 21, 1959, President Dwight Eisenhower signed legislation that admitted Hawaii into the United States as the 50th state.
On Aug. 28, 1963, over 250,000 folks attended a civil rights rally and march on Washington. It was at this event that the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.
Latest Carroll County Times
When he is not dreaming of an endless summer, Kevin Dayhoff may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: history


text:
Choose a pricing option
- Preferred optionOne-time payment ($2950.00)$2950.00
- Preferred optionSplit pay (3x $1000.00)3x $1000.00
- Preferred optionSplit pay (4x $750.00)4x $750.00
All prices in USD
Hotel stay for 3 nights at the new Marriott Courtyard nearby Trinity with individual rooms.
All meals and snacks are included and provided by Emerald Coast Private Chefs.
Car service to and from the hotel and airport is provided for those that need it.
Three days with Dawn and her friends at Trinity, get ready for lots of laughs and a few tears.
Small breakout sessions and large group sessions will be a core part of our days.
Relaxation time alone if you want it. Your accommodations for sleeping will be at the new Marriott Courtyard, and you will each have individual rooms to yourselves.
“SWAG!” We’ve created an experience with “delights” at every turn.
and much much more!
Enter your bullet points here..

domain: travel


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Asthma is one of the most common conditions in the US; in fact, it affects approximately 25 million Americans— that’s around 8% of adults and 7% of children in the country. So what happens if these people want to become firefighters?
Many people assume that if you have asthma, you’re automatically disqualified from the application process, thus never becoming a full-fledged firefighter. However, the process isn’t that clear-cut.
Having asthma doesn’t necessarily mean that you can’t be a firefighter, so long as you have your symptoms under control.
Every asthma sufferer is different, and each applicant will be considered based on their individual circumstances.
So, can you be a firefighter with asthma?
Yes, it is possible to be a firefighter even if you have asthma. However, if your symptoms are prevalent, you’re less likely to be accepted.
To prove that you have the symptoms of your condition under control, you’ll have to undertake a few different medical tests.
These will usually be respiratory tests that can reveal whether or not your lungs will be able to handle the strain that comes along with being a firefighter.
No two fire departments are exactly alike; some will be more lenient than others when it comes to accepting applicants with asthma.
To avoid disappointment, we recommend that you check the applicable rules and guidelines of the specific department you want to work in.
Can firefighting make my asthma worse?
Firefighters are exposed to smoke and other toxicants as part of their job, which are irritating to the lungs and upper respiratory tract and can exacerbate the symptoms of wheezing in firefighters with asthma.
Irritants are tiny particles that can trigger an asthma attack. Examples of this are air pollution, tobacco and fire smoke, perfumes, scented candles, and cleaning products.
Many people who have asthma as children may notice their symptoms improve in their teens and early adulthood. It is not rare for an asthmatic youngster to no longer have asthma after graduating as a firefighter in their late teens.
To put it plainly, you must be able to breathe well in order to be a firefighter.
It is critical that you’re able to breathe properly because dealing with fires and other disasters require you to be able to act in a controlled and cool manner.
There are numerous hazards and toxins in the air on-scene that could cause cancer and further harm to your lungs if you already have limited lung function. If you cannot work while wearing your SCBA without becoming a liability, you may be unable to work.
You’ll also need a good lung capacity and level of fitness to handle all of the physical training and effort in your everyday job. When working with heavy machinery on a daily basis, you can’t get out of breath and go for an inhaler.
You may also experience breathing difficulties when climbing ladders or engaging in other intense activities. It all comes down to your health and safety, as well as the health and safety of your crew and the citizens on the site.
If you have asthma under control, you should be aware of what causes an asthma attack. Knowing your triggers can have an impact on your future in the fire department.
If smoke triggers an asthma attack, firefighting probably isn’t a suitable career for you. This is also the case if your asthma attacks are triggered by exercise. If it is just an allergy issue, you’ll probably be just fine.
What do the guidelines say?
In most fire service guidelines, asthma is regarded as a Category A condition. People with Category A conditions are usually immediately disqualified from the application process, but it’s not that black and white when it comes to asthma.
Most guidelines state that potential candidates can have no “reactive airways disease requiring bronchodilator or corticosteroid therapy in the last 2 years.” This means that you can technically have asthma and still be accepted into the force.
As long as you don’t require an inhaler and you can prove that you’ve been asymptomatic for at least 2 years, you’ll probably qualify.
The physicians’ decision after the firefighter’s medical exam will be based on a test. If you pass the test, you will advance in the recruitment process.
You must abstain from all anti-inflammatory medications for four weeks and refrain from taking your inhaler on the day of the test.
This test is not the only technique to ensure that you are given a fair chance during the employment process. During the medical exam, your breathing abilities and lung capacity will be pushed to the max to evaluate how your lungs respond.
If the test results are negative, you should be good. A conversation regarding your medical history will also be required as part of the medical evaluation. Improvements and a reduction in medication use should be explored.
You can also discuss how this will not be an issue during the interview process, if necessary.
How do I manage my asthma as a firefighter?
If you passed the test and already have a job as a firefighter, there are a few things you can do to improve your lung capacity which can help to lessen the risk of potential triggers.
Carefully consider what your triggers are and how you can approach them in the workplace.
Some people find it useful to have a plan of action in place with the rest of their team in case of an asthma attack. This can help to ensure a fast response if you ever need it.
Be sure to talk openly with them about your symptoms and teach them what signs to look out for and all about your triggers.
Firefighters who were not asthmatic prior to employment but developed asthma while on the job should be investigated for potential causes.
Chemicals, toxic spills, and combustion smoke can all cause occupational asthma and other reactive airway disorders (RADS).

domain: medical


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Hit-Boy is mostly known for his banging beats, but in his new video “Alert,” he shows off his rhyming skills as he and Nipsey Hussle exchange braggadocios rhymes. The Nem Perez-directed video showcases neon light, beautiful women, low-riders and scenery of Pasadena, California. In February, the rapper-producer revealed that the song was supposed to be given to Dr. Dre. “I made that song trying to give it to Dr. Dre,” Hit-Boy says in an interview with Stashed TV. “He came in. He really liked it, but I guess it wasn’t fitting where he was at right now. I felt like it was an urgent song…[Nipsey Hussle and I] made the song and a week later it was on the radio.”
Be on the lookout for Hit-Boy’s new project “We The Plug,” coming soon.

domain: celebrity


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Stretch of Grand Parkway opens early
A new stretch of highway connects Highway 290 in Cypress to Interstate 45 in The Woodlands.
|Thread||Thread Starter||Forum||Replies||Last Post|
|Rider Down Grand Parkway||cdill35||General Discussion (Moto Related)||13||02-15-2015 12:11 PM|
|New stretch of White Oak Bayou Trails opens up||NewsBot||Houston - Local News||0||12-31-2014 11:12 PM|
|Man killed trying to cross Grand Parkway||NewsBot||Houston - Local News||0||05-14-2014 05:50 AM|
|Segment E of Grand Parkway opens, connects I-10 and Highway 290||NewsBot||Houston - Local News||0||12-23-2013 02:20 PM|
|Grand Parkway/99???????||skmart2||Off Topic||8||09-27-2008 12:35 AM|

domain: geography


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As I venture out from my run with romance I have read a couple Neil Gaiman books. I loved Neverworld and would like to venture to that world again. Coraline is touted as a children’s book but it is entertaining and dark enough to satisfy adults like myself.
I am trying to keep my mind firmly on the pages for this review because I not too long ago watched the film. The film is fairly close to the book so I’m sure I can manage.
Coraline is a story of a girl who is often left to her own devices and gets board. She likes to explore and is really a bright child. On one particular rainy day she goes exploring her home and comes across a curious door. Her mother shows her that there is nothing behind it but a brick wall. Soon enough strange things begin to happen had Coraline is drawn to the curious door.
On the other side of the door Coraline finds her Other Mother and that is when things get really creepy. Things seem perfect in the beginning like she wishes her family would be. But things aren’t as they appear and she finds out the other mothers true motivations and wants to leave. The problem is the other mother stole her real parents and she has to save them. And through this adventure she comes to appreciate the parents she has.
I found it an entertaining read and I enjoy the dark twist to Gaiman’s fairy tales. As for children I would recommend that they be at least third grade to appreciate the genius of it and to appreciate its moral. As an adult it also has a lesson. Hold your children, love and don’t ignore them. There are also lessons in bravery and this is my favorite line from the book:
So go be brave my little booklings!

domain: library


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The gala opening of JoMike’s second exhibit was inspired from his childhood when his parents bring him to his favorite place in Greenhills Shopping Arcade. This is based on the old photo as part of the description of the artists and his ongoing experimentation using the “Banig” being used in his paintings.
His recent creation for “Carousel” carries more vibrant colors and this also featured his limited edition “Wooden Menagerie” a family of Elephants that is made of handmade sculptures displayed along with his latest masterpieces.
The event closed with a raffle of one of his rare creations in “Bahay Kubo” and photos of the event taken during last night festivities with friends, family, and colleagues at the Olive Creek Gallery…
“Carousel” is JoMike Tejido’s 8th Solo Show which is on exhibit starting October 17 to November 9, 20913 at the Olive Creek Gallery ground floor of the HRC Center along Rada St. at Legaspi Village, Makati City.
For further inquiries of the art piece LIKE Olive Creek Gallery on Facebook.
Like JoMike Tejido Art on Facebook and visit at: JMTejido.com


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Woman charged in Newtown fraud sought Sandy cash
A woman charged with trying to swindle donors by posing as a relative of a child killed in the Connecticut school massacre had also been soliciting money for Hurricane Sandy relief.
Nouel Alba was arrested Thursday and accused of concocting bogus tales about having to identify her nephew's body in order to raise money for a "funeral fund" for the victims.
The New York Post reports that in the days after Sandy struck, Alba also posted Web messages claiming she had founded several charities to assist storm victims.
But the postings were filled with false claims, as well as an invalid tax-ID number for one organization.
In an interview with CNN before her arrest, Alba denied being involved in any scam.


It’s been less than a month since the inaugural Polynesian Bowl at Aloha Stadium and the 2018 game already is adding more talent.
Kapolei linebacker Rocky Savea has accepted an invite to the game, joining Kahuku’s Samson Reed and Waianae’s Kanai Mauga. Savea, who is 6-foot-1 and 200 pounds, already holds offers from Texas Tech and Oregon State.
‘Iolani receiver Justin Genovia has also agreed to play in the game. Genovia finished second in the state with 1,135 receiving yards and seven touchdowns as a junior.
A total of 20 players were officially added to the 2018 game on Thursday, including the No. 2 overall recruit in the country according to ESPN.com. Augustus F. Hawkins wide receiver Jalen Hall, who holds at least 36 offers, heads the list. Linebacker Raymond Scott (No. 45 overall by Scout), wide receiver Manuel Allen (No. 78 overall by Scout) and cornerback Marcus Johnson (No. 83 overall by ESPN), who have all committed to Southern California, have also accepted invites for the game.
Also on the list is former ‘Iolani offensive lineman and current Bishop Gorman junior Jacob Isaia, who recently received a scholarship offer from Michigan State.
A total of 34 players are now officially part of the 2018 Polynesian Bowl. About 75 will be of Polynesian descent and roughly 30 are expected to be invited to the game from Hawaii. Quarterbacks for the game include Washington commit Jacob Sirmon of Bothell H.S. (No. 16 overall by ESPN), California commit Adrian Martinez of West Clovis H.S. in California, Coeur D’Alene’s Colson Yankoff (No. 101 overall by 247sports.com) and Chaminade (Calif) H.S.’s Brevin White (No. 117 overall by Rivals.com).


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Is Vitamins Supplements Good For You? Word Count:
Vitamins are absolutely essential to everyday health. If we do not intake enough vitamins necessary for our bodies, vitamin supplement will substitute for the shortage. In today’s very fast paced world we do not eat a proper diet all of the time. If you lead a busy life and do not get enough vitamins for your body to function properly then you should be compensating with natural vitamin supplements.
vitamin diet supplements, vitamins, vitamin supplements, diet
Vitamin supplement or supplements are really decisive for us since if we do not intake sufficient vitamins required for our bodies, the vitamin supplement will fill in for the shortage of the amount of vitamins in our system.
Of course, the most visible welfare to acquiring multi vitamin supplements is convenience. It is far quicker for a person to acquire one dosage of a multi vitamin supplement that contains each of the essential vitamins compared to acquiring each one individually. This is especially the case for children as it can be effortul for them to acquire a large number of vitamin supplements but one dosage of a multi vitamin supplement is far more easygoing. Originally the only place to find vitamin supplements was through a medical practitioner providing a prescription that had to be filled at the local drug store. As the research into the benefits of vitamin supplements became more in depth the Drug Administration allowed for the production of vitamin supplements that could be bought over the counter without the need for a prescription.
Nutrient content claims for dietary supplement vitamin describe the level of some case of vitamin or vitamins in that supplement. For instance, accordant to a lot of health organizations, a dietary supplement vitamin with at least twelve milligrams per serving of vitamin C might deliver the following stated on its label: "Superb source of vitamin C." Vitamin diet supplements may not always be the answer we are looking for in balancing our diet and body. It’s important to understand what role the different vitamins play in our overall health and to understand how much of each of the vitamins our bodies need.
If we truly need a vitamin diet supplement, it becomes something of value to our health but it can also be detrimental to our health to take too much of a good thing.
If you are sure that you are not receiving adequate vitamins to supply what your body needs, then you should accept a vitamin supplement.Finding a vitamin supplement that can help you achieve optimal health may be more smoother than you consider. There are a lot of vitamin supplements from which to decide. In order to find the right vitamin product, you need to interpret labels and compare products.
Vitamin supplements are acquirable in a number of different forms, including capsules, tabs, liquids, and even chewable tabs. In addition, there is a great variety in the brands and the true content of the vitamin supplements.Do some research and find out what these vitamin supplements contain. Pay attention to doses, ingredients, safety precautions, and other crucial information.Purchase the right supplement for you, and when in doubt, refer a physician or your health professional prior to accepting any vitamin supplements.
This is a demo version of txt2pdf v.10.1


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Chattanooga Romantic Getaway Vacation Packages together with all the pieces from Bed and Breakfasts to luxurious lodging. It is our pleasure that can assist you find the final word vacation for our time, your budget, and your touring desires. Travelzoo’s search capabilities are breathtaking, and you may even use multiple search engines like google to trace down the most effective gives. And while most customers shall be searching for flights, resorts, and rental vehicles, do not forget that many of these companies can book cruises and actions as properly.
As I mentioned, the more flexible you are the cheaper trip package you will get; but observe that you will additionally spend extra time looking for packages. Stay steps away from Cedar Point down the beach boardwalk at historic Resort Breakers and profit from your time in the sun.
Booking vacation packages suddenly from one place can prevent time and problem. Also, receive the usual 1,000 bonus booking miles provide when booking any American Airlines Vacations package deal. Now it can save you even more by reserving your flight, lodge, and automotive rental together.
Packages can include complimentary amenities not offered instantly from journey provider or other travel portals. The most effective trip packages are priced from main airport hubs like LA, NYC, DC, and Chicago. Get away to Omni Amelia Island Plantation Resort on the Further Sun, Further Fun bundle and luxuriate in luxurious accommodations, complimentary valet parking and a resort credit as much as $250 that can be utilized throughout your keep.
Look no further than a SeaWorld hotel package deal to create the right family trip. Toggle together with or excluding Culture expertise packages, eight offers match this standards. Toggle together with or excluding 1.zeroÂ Resort Rating:, 0 deals match this criteria.


MONTEREY (KPIX 5) -- A pod of 80,000 pound humpback whales got up close and personal with a group of kayakers on Monterey Bay last week.
The kayakers were three miles off the shore of Moss Landing when they encountered the whales.
"They sensed me, they heard me, they saw me, I don't know what happened but they dove underneath me like very quickly," Karen Hatch said.
According to Hatch, one of those 80,000 pound whales surfaced and dove a mere three feet from her kayak. Not a single drop of water splashed inside.
"I was really in awe of how sensitive they were of their surroundings. The fact they were able to sense me and just cruise underneath me, not hit me, very sensitive to their entire surroundings. And those two whales came up later to hang out with us again," Hatch said.
A buffet of anchovies drew the whales to Monterey Bay's Submarine Canyon, an ocean shelf that is wider and deeper than the Grand Canyon in some parts.
"It was absolutely amazing," said Giancarlo Thomae, a marine biologist for Sanctuary Cruises. He was in a kayak alongside Hatch and took the photo that turned the abrupt sighting into a lasting moment.
"When I took the photo I was really scared well, I didn't know what was going to happen to Karen, when I got back to land I realized that it was probably the best photo I've ever seen," Thomae said.
Thomae reported seeing 15 humpback whales, the most spotted in the same area this year.
(Copyright 2013 by CBS San Francisco. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.)
for more features.


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From the age of fifteen, Vernon T. Taylor has touched readers with his words, finding that his words represent music for the soul. Now, in "Raw Poetry Art Expressions," Taylor shares works that are easy to relate to, whether one is feeling pain or happiness, suffering from heartache, or experiencing uninhibited love.
Taylor selected the title for his collected works from the raw quality of his poetry. Written from the heart, and based on real-life issues that everyone confronts at one time or another, Taylor's unique phrasing reaches into his core and reveals his innermost thoughts.
Family man Taylor knows what it's like to be a son, father, and husband and shares his personal experiences while making them universal for his readers. His poetry stimulates the hearts and minds of those who struggle to express their own thoughts and feelings, while giving them an outlet.


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So simple and quick, you'll wander why you every bothered buying mayo from a store.
Here's a new breakfast twist... bursting breakfast burrito is fun to eat (read tricky) and totally satisfying. As with a number of our recipes, you can use this as a base, to add your own [...]
There are a ton of great store bought curry powders or spices out there, but finding one that is nightshade free... now that's a challenge. Most contain paprika as a minimum, some also have [...]
Hot, tasty and satisfying to be able to eat with your fingers, these Mahi Mahi Quesadillas have been made Paleo possible with our Paleo Flat Breads

domain: food


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|Dirk van der Kooij|
Dirk van der Kooij one day before his 107th birthday.
|Birth:||17 December 1875|
Pijnacker, South Holland, Netherlands
|Death:||6 January 1984|
Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands
|Age:||108 years, 20 days|
Dirk Johannes van der Kooij (17 December 1875 – 6 January 1984) was a Dutch centenarian who was the oldest known man in the Netherlands at time of his death.
Dirk van der Kooij was born in Pijnacker, South Holland, Netherlands on 17 December 1875. He became the oldest known living man in the Netherlands following the death of 107 year-old Jan Nijenhuis on 2 May 1982.
Dirk van der Kooij died in Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands on 6 January 1984 at the age of 108 years, 20 days. Following his death, 106-year-old Pieter Zaaijer (1877–1984) became the oldest known living man in the Netherlands.


Garvin County Jail worker disguised inmate as an officer to help transport ICE detainees, records show
PAULS VALLEY — A Garvin County transport deputy was fired after telling an inmate to dress as a fellow deputy and help him transport U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees.
Ted Williams, 45, was assigned to transport Aaron R. Hull, 35, on April 11 to Garvin County after Hull was arrested in Payne County for not paying court fines on a misdemeanor drug charge.
While on their way to Garvin County, at about 12:45 p.m., Williams told Hull to put on a solid black windbreaker jacket and a deputy sheriff ball cap, according to jail inspection records from the state Health Department.
Next, Williams removed Hull's restraints and had Hull help handle federal immigration detainees at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement Processing Center in Oklahoma City. At one point, Hull was left unattended without restraints, according to Health Department records.
After they finished, Williams allowed Hull to sit in the front of the transport van. When they returned, Hull met with the Garvin County jail administrator to tell him about the incident.
In Williams' termination letter, Garvin County Sheriff Larry Rhodes called Williams' actions "inexcusable."
"You explained this was done to meet a contract requirement that two deputies should be present when transporting detainees," Sheriff Larry Rhodes wrote in Williams' termination letter. "Your actions were in direct violations of acceptable officer safety practices during the course of your duties as a transport deputy, as well as deceptive in performing your job."
Williams was fired April 14, records show. He did not respond to requests for comment.
A complaint made to the state Health Department alleged that Williams gave Hull a gun while the inmate helped the deputy.
Rhodes said that claim was "absurd."
Video surveillance from the immigration facility shows that Hull never had a gun, Rhodes said.
Rhodes said while interviewing Williams, they asked him why he asked the inmate to assist him.
Another deputy was driving from McAlester to meet Williams, but Williams told him that he had the situation handled.
Under the sheriff's office's contract with the federal immigration agency, there must be two deputies present.
"The other deputy was coming from the McAlester area and was an hour and 10 minutes from Oklahoma City, and my theory of trying to make sense of this is that Ted didn't want to wait," Rhodes said.
Rhodes said his office has policies and procedures for transport, but Williams disregarded those policies.
"I'm embarrassed about it, I'm mad about it, and if I could have stopped it, if I would have been there, I can tell you it wouldn't have happened," Rhodes said.
Williams was a transport deputy, different from a field deputy who takes calls from the dispatcher and investigates crimes.
He worked at the Garvin County Sheriff's Office for about four years, as a jailer in 2011 and then later returning as a transport deputy.
No state or federal charges have been filed against him, officials said.
Jaclyn Cosgrove writes about health, public policy and medicine in Oklahoma, among other topics. She is an Oklahoma State University graduate. Jaclyn grew up in the southeast region of the state and enjoys writing about rural Oklahoma. Jaclyn... Read more ›


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Findings focus on shifts in booking trends and consumer profiles in the wake of Covid-19
The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) and Trip.com Group have published a report that provides an outlook on shifts in traveller behaviour and future booking trends.
The latest projections from the WTTC show strong growth in international spending for 2022 and beyond. Following a 70% decline in 2020, global international spending is set to rise by 9% in 2021 and significantly by 94% in 2022.
The Trending in Travel report also reveals how strict and inconsistent travel restrictions around the world have resulted in a significant rise in domestic tourism. Domestic hotel bookings have surged by more than 200% on Trip.com’s platform this year compared with 2019, with half of global travellers planning to travel domestically in the next 12 months.
The findings illustrate how Covid-19 has shaped travel trends – from younger generations being the first to return to travel, to increased demand for longer stays, the importance of fee-free cancellations and enhanced health and safety protocols.
Ongoing travel restrictions in some leading destinations have also meant that travellers are increasingly visiting ‘secondary’ destinations. According to Trip.com’s hotel booking data, Abu Dhabi (UAE), Chiang Mai (Thailand), Doha (Qatar), Florence (Italy) and Frankfurt (Germany) have experienced a surge in popularity this year.
FOR MORE NEWS YOU CAN USE, SIGN UP FOR CONNECTING TRAVEL’S WEEKLY BULLETIN
The pause in travel has also heightened consumers’ eagerness to travel more sustainably with 83% of global travellers saying they would make sustainable travel a priority in the future. Highlighting sustainable travel as a long-term trend, the report shows that 68 million travellers have opted to book a ‘Greener Choice’ labelled flight on Skyscanner since its launch in 2019.
Commenting on the findings, WTTC president & CEO Julia Simpson said: “It is clear that the wanderlust for travel remains. After almost two years without being able to travel freely, consumers are eager to explore, but they are aware of the impact their travel habits have on the world, and their preferences, needs and demands have changed.
“As the travel and tourism sector adapts to these emerging trends, sustainability must remain front and centre of everything we do.”
Trip.com Group CEO Jane Sun added: “Travellers around the world have shown their eagerness to travel, whether limited to domestic travel or able to cross borders. We see a huge amount of pent-up demand steadily being released.
“To better evolve with the recovery we must understand travellers, and as an industry adapt to emerging trends.”
For more information and to read the full report, visit Trending in Travel