|Publication number||US6694168 B2|
|Application number||US 09/741,198|
|Publication date||Feb 17, 2004|
|Filing date||Dec 21, 2000|
|Priority date||Jun 22, 1998|
|Also published as||CA2335867A1, CA2335867C, DE59814196D1, EP1089669A1, EP1089669B1, US20010010004, WO1999066853A1|
|Publication number||09741198, 741198, US 6694168 B2, US 6694168B2, US-B2-6694168, US6694168 B2, US6694168B2|
|Inventors||Doris Traxel, Roger Berger|
|Original Assignee||Synthes (U.S.A.)|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (182), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (33), Classifications (17), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation of the U.S. National stage designation of co-pending International Patent Application No. PCT/CH98/00269, filed Jun. 22, 1998, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.
The present invention relates to a device and method for referencing reference points of a fiducial implant.
In Computer Assisted Surgery (“CAS”), a computer tomogram comprising an image of a portion of a body, such as a bone, is generally used to assist the surgical intervention. For example, to determine the relative positions of a bone and one or more surgical instruments, the positions of the bone and surgical instrument in a coordinate system of the operating room can be compared with their positions as displayed in a computer tomogram.
To reduce soft tissue injury, minimally invasive surgical techniques involving CAS can be used to operate on bones, such as, for example, vertebrae, without exposing large bone surfaces. In CAS, a coordinate system corresponding to a patient in the operating room, as determined by a dynamic reference base of a position finding system, is registered with a coordinate system of a previously recorded tomographic image. This process, called matching involves a transformation between the coordinate systems.
A more comprehensive description of computer assisted surgery including a matching algorithm suitable for such coordinate transformations is given in L. P. Nolte et al, Clinical Evaluation of a System for Precision Enhancement in Spine Surgery, Clinical Biomechanics, 1995, Vol. 10, No. 6, PP 293-303, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
One way to match the coordinate system of the patient in the operating room to the coordinate system of the image is to use mechanical scanning devices, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,454 to Buchholz. However, these known procedures are exceedingly time-consuming and presently only of obsolete accuracy.
German Application No. DE 29 704 393 to AESCULAP discloses a process for the preoperative determination of positioning data of endoprosthesis parts of a central joint relative to the bones that form the central joint. A device for determining the outer articulation point of a joint as the bones are displaced is also disclosed.
Another way of matching the patient's system of coordinates in the operating room with the image coordinate system consists of identifying predetermined points using anatomical reference points. Where the body parts are only partly exposed, however, this method is complicated by the restricted visual access. Frequently an endoscope must be used.
In another method to register the systems of coordinates, so-called fiducial implants are used to unequivocally identify the reference points. Such a method and appropriate apparatus are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,914 to Allen. This method includes the implantation of at least 4 spatially related fiducial implants.
All these known methods share the drawback of being fairly time-consuming.
The present invention relates to a device for referencing reference points of a fiducial implant. The device preferably comprises at least one fiducial implant, such as a fiducial screw, suitable for insertion into a bone. The fiducial implant includes at least first and second reference points that have a known spatial relationship with respect to a head of the implant. The device also includes a pointer having a distal pointer end and at least three emitters or detectors that have a known spatial relationship with respect to the distal pointer end. Preferably, the emitters or detectors are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pointer. Each emitter or detector is configured to emit or detect radiation. The radiation preferably comprises electromagnetic radiation or acoustic waves. Preferably, the pointer includes emitters of electromagnetic radiation, such as light emitting diodes.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pointer includes emitters and the device further includes a position finder comprising at least two detectors configured to detect the radiation emitted by the emitters of the pointer, whereby the positions of the emitters of the pointer and the pointer in three-dimensional space can be determined. Preferably, the detectors detect electromagnetic radiation or acoustic waves.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the pointer includes detectors and the device further includes a position finder comprising at least two emitters configured to emit radiation able to be detected by the detectors of the pointer, whereby the position of the detectors of the pointer and the pointer in three-dimensional space can be determined. Preferably, the emitters emit electromagnetic radiation or acoustic waves.
The head of the implant and the distal pointer end are preferably configured to removably and reproducibly mate to provide a known spatial relationship between the reference points and the distal pointer end to allow the position of each reference point in three dimensional space to be determined upon determining the position of the emitters or detectors of the pointer. The device of the present invention preferably includes a processor configured to perform a coordinate transformation to match the position of each reference point in three-dimensional space with a corresponding position of the respective reference point in a stored image of the bone.
In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a second fiducial implant able to be inserted in a bone at a preferably spaced apart position from the first fiducial implant. The second fiducial implant is preferably configured with a head and reference points identical to the distal fiducial implant. The head of the second implant and the distal pointer end can preferably removably and reproducibly mate to provide a known spatial relationship between the reference points of the second fiducial and the distal pointer end to allow the positions of the reference points in three dimensional space to be determined.
In the preferred embodiment, the processor is configured to match the positions in three-dimensional space of the reference points of the second fiducial with the corresponding positions of the respective reference points in the stored image of the bone. The processor is also configured to perform a coordinate transformation between coordinates of points in three-dimensional space with the corresponding coordinates of the points in the stored image. Thus, the position of a selected point of the bone can be matched with the corresponding position of the selected point in the image of the bone and a selected point of an image of the bone can be matched with the corresponding point of the bone in physical space.
The head of the implant of the invention preferably comprises a cavity and the first end of the pointer preferably comprises a pin configured to be received within the cavity to provide the known spatial relationship between the reference points of the implant and the distal end of the pointer by means of the known dimensions of the implant and pointer and the reproducible mating between the implant and the pointer. Preferably, the distal end of the pointer comprises a shoulder adjoining the pin with the diameter of the shoulder being larger than the diameter of the pin. The shoulder is configured to abut the head of the implant when the pin is received within the cavity. Preferably, the pointer can be used to screw in or screw out the fiducial screw when the pin is received within the cavity.
Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method for creating a spatial relationship between reference points associated with a body. The method comprises inserting at least two fiducial implants in the body, each fiducial implant comprising at least two reference points. An image of the body showing at least two of the inserted fiducial implants is preferably obtained. The position in three-dimensional space of the reference points of at least two of the fiducial implants shown in the image is determined. A coordinate transformation is preferably performed to match the positions of the reference points in three-dimensional space with corresponding positions of the reference points in the image.
Preferably the step of determining the position of the reference points in three-dimensional space comprises mating a distal end of a pointer to a head of the implant and determining the position of the pointer using a position finder. Upon determining the position of the pointer, the position of the reference points can be found by means of the known dimensions of the implant and pointer and the reproducible mating between the implant and the pointer. The image is preferably a three-dimensional computer tomogram or an x-ray.
FIG. 1 is a perspective of an embodiment of the device of the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a partly sectional side view of an embodiment of the device of the invention.
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for assisting surgical intervention. The invention allows a spatial relationship to be determined between reference points associated with the physical body's system of coordinates and the corresponding positions of the reference points in a coordinate system of an image of the body. Preferably, the body comprises at least a portion of a patient, such as a bone. The reference points associated with the body's system of coordinates are preferably reference points of at least one fiducial implant, such as a fiducial screw for insertion in a bone. Preferably two fiducial implants that each have two reference points are used so that only two implants are required to allow complete referencing of the coordinate systems. Thus, the present invention allows referencing of the coordinate systems while entailing minimal injury to the soft tissue around the site of intervention.
To reference the reference points, a pointer fitted with markers is positioned in a precisely defined spatial relationship relative a fiducial implant having fixed reference points. One reference point of the implant preferably corresponds to the tip of the implant and the other reference point preferably corresponds to the head of the implant. The implant head preferably includes a cavity which is concentric with the longitudinal axis of the implant. A distal end of the pointer preferably includes a pin, which is preferably concentric with the longitudinal axis of the pointer. The shapes of the cavity and pin are preferably complementary to one another so that the pin can be inserted into the cavity. Once the pin is received within the cavity, a portion of the pointer adjoining the pin, which has a larger diameter than the pin itself, preferably abuts the implant head adjacent the cavity. Accordingly the pointer and the fiducial implant are aligned along an axis defined by the implant reference points.
Using the markers of the pointer, the position of the pointer can be determined in three-dimensional space using a position detector, as described below. As used herein, determining the position of an object, such as a pointer or implant, includes determining its orientation. Thus, if the position of an object is known or determined, its orientation is also known or determined. Preferably the marker means include emitters/detectors that emit or detect electromagnetic or acoustic waves. The type of position detector depends on the type of marker means used, as discussed below.
Once the position of the marker means within a coordinate system is known, the position of the reference points of the fiducial implants can be determined based on the known dimensions of the pointer and of the fiducial implant. The pin preferably fits sufficiently securely within the cavity to provide a precise, reproducible spatial relationship between the pointer and the reference points.
The device and method for determining a spatial relation between reference points is based on the concept that a fiducial implant, such as a fiducial screw implanted in bone, can be visualized in an image, such as a three-dimensional computer tomogram or x-ray, of at least a portion of a body. Subsequently, the positions of the references points in the image can be determined in a coordinate system of the image. The present invention allows the positions of the reference points to be determined with respect to a three-dimensional coordinate system of the body having the implants.
Upon associating the positions of the reference points in the image with the positions of the reference points in the coordinate system of the body, any point in the image can be related by a coordinate transformation to the corresponding point in the physical body, and vice-versa. Fiduciary matching or registration thus relates to the determination of the spatial relationship of reference points in the coordinate system of the image to the reference point positions in the coordinate system of the physical body. Because the fiducial implant of the invention comprises at least two reference points, two fiducial implants inserted in the body provide a sufficient number of reference points to allow the registration or matching of the systems of the two coordinate systems. Thus, only the portion of the body receiving the implant need be exposed allowing for a minimally invasive registration of the coordinate systems.
The embodiment of the device of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises at least one fiducial implant, such as a fiducial screw 2, having a longitudinal axis 9, a head 22, and distal tip 14. A distance (x) between distal tip 14 and head 22 of fiducial screw 2 is known precisely. Head 22 includes an aperture or cavity 12, which is preferably concentric with longitudinal axis 9. Cavity 12 is preferably cylindrical and can be configured with internal threads. Alternatively, cavity 12 can comprise other shapes, such as a hexagon or other polygon, suitable for receiving a drive tool to screw in or out fiducial screw 2.
The device of the invention also includes a pointer 3 having a distal end 15, a proximal end 16, a cylindrical stem 4, and a grip 5. Distal end 15, which is opposite grip 5, preferably includes a pin 7, which is preferably complementary in shape to cavity 12 allowing pin 7 to be concentrically and snugly inserted into cavity 12. Pin 7 is preferably cylindrical and can include external threads to provide a threaded engagement with cavity 12, whereby a rigid, detachable connection is be formed between the pointer 3 and the fiducial screw 2.
Pointer 3 preferably includes markers to allow the position of pointer 3 to be determined in three dimensional space. Preferably, the pointer includes at least three markers, which emit or detect electromagnetic radiation. Preferably, the markers are light emitting diodes (LED's) 6. Alternatively, the markers can be ultrasound transducers that emit or detect acoustic waves. Because diodes 6 are not collinear with one another, they define a plane 18, which is preferably oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 9 of pointer 3. Diodes 6 and plane 18 are preferably disposed at rear end 16 of pointer 3.
The diameter of pin 7 is smaller than the diameter of the adjacent portion of stem 4. Therefore, when pin 7 is received within cavity 12, a shoulder of pointer 3 abuts or rests against a proximal portion 13 of fiducial screw 2. Preferably, proximal portion 13 of fiducial screw 2 and shoulder 17 are perpendicular to longitudinal axis 9 of the fiducial screw 2. Because of the cooperation between pin 7 and cavity 12 and between shoulder 17 and proximal portion 13 of the screw 2, the longitudinal axes of pointer 3 and fiducial screw 2 are coaxial when pin 7 is received within cavity 12. Therefore, the position and orientation of pointer 3 and screw 2 are defined with respect to one another.
A distance y between shoulder 17 and plane 18 of pointer 3 is known precisely. Because distance x of fiducial screw 2 and distance y of pointer 3 are known precisely and because screw 2 and pointer 3 are coaxially and concentrically aligned when pin 7 is received within cavity 12, the positions of distal tip 14 and head 22 are known precisely with respect to LED's 6. Therefore, if the position of LED's 6 are determined with respect to a given system of coordinates, such as a three-dimensional system of coordinates within a room, the positions of distal tip 14 and head 22 can be determined with respect to the same system of coordinates. Thus, distal tip 14 and head 22 of screw 2 comprise reference points, the positions of which can be determined precisely in three-dimensional space.
A position finder 24, which is preferably placed inside the room, can be used to determine and track the position of LED's 6 in three-dimensional space. Position finder 24 preferably includes at least two sensors 23 to detect the electromagnetic or acoustic waves emitted by the position determining means. Alternatively, the position finder may include emitters, to emit electromagnetic radiation or acoustic waves, suitable for detection by emitters associated with the pointer. In either case, the cooperation between the position finder and the markers of the pointer allow the position of the pointer in three-dimensional space to be determined. The position finder can be part of a CAS system and may include an image processing computer software. A suitable optical position finder includes one marketed under the name OPTOTRAK, Northern Digital Inc., Ontario, Canada.
A fiducial screw 2, which has been implanted into a bone 1, can be referenced to determine the positions in three dimensional space of the reference points defined by distal tip 14 and head 22. The referencing includes mating distal end 15 of pointer 3 with a fiducial implant to removably and reproducibly provide a known spatial relationship between the reference points and the distal end 15. The mating preferably includes inserting pin 7 into cavity 12 to provide a coaxial relationship between the fiducial implant and the pointer 3. In the preferred embodiment, upon mating the implant and the pointer, electromagnetic radiation emitted by LED's 6 of pointer 3 is detected to determine the position of the emitters in three-dimensional space. Because the spatial relationship between the emitters and pointer 3 are known, the position of the pointer in three dimensional space can determined. Because the spatial relationship between each reference point and proximal pointer end 15 is known when pointer 3 and the fiducial implant 2 are mated, the three-dimensional position of each reference point can be found from the position of the emitters.
The steps of mating and position determining can be repeated for each of the fiducial implants to be referenced. Subsequently, the positions of the reference points can be registered or matched with the corresponding coordinates of the reference points in an image showing the reference points. Suitable images can be recorded prior to the position determining and include, for example, 3-dimensional images formed by computer tomography. If the positions of the reference points of at least two implanted fiducial implants are matched with the corresponding positions of the reference points in an image of the body showing the implants, a coordinate transformation can be determined to allow the positions of points of the body and the corresponding positions of the body points in the image to be related to one another.
As an alternative to using a pointer configured with LED's emitting electromagnetic radiation, pointer 3 may be configured with markers to detect electromagnetic radiation or with acoustic transducers to emit or detect acoustic waves. In each of the alternative cases a position finder cooperates with the markers or acoustic transducers to allow the position of the pointer in three-dimensional space to be determined.
Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated in the foregoing description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements and modifications of parts and elements without departing from the spirit of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification||600/426, 600/407, 600/425, 600/300|
|International Classification||A61B19/00, A61B17/58|
|Cooperative Classification||A61B2019/5429, A61B2019/5268, A61B2019/5255, A61B2019/5445, A61B19/20, A61B2019/5287, A61B2019/5483, A61B2019/5416, A61B2019/5458, A61B19/54|
|Dec 21, 2000||AS||Assignment|
|Feb 13, 2007||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: AO TECHNOLOGY AG, SWITZERLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SYNTHES (U.S.A.);REEL/FRAME:018883/0238
Effective date: 20061208
|Aug 6, 2007||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 12, 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 3, 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Great Performances And Fun Highlight Another Great Year Of Jazz In The GardensThe 12th Annual Gazz In The Gardens music festival was in full swing Saturday night.
DCF: Mom Of Teen Who Committed Suicide In Facebook Live Watched Episode UnfoldIn a report released late Monday afternoon, DCF is now alleging that Gina Caze watched her daughter's suicide and did nothing to stop it.
Family Of Murder Victim Hoping Increased Reward Will Bring Killer To JusticeThere is new attention being given to an unsolved murder from nearly two years ago.
Judge Threatens To Jail Lawyer In Facebook Live Hanging CaseA judge has threatened to jail a Florida Department of Children & Families lawyer, suggesting the agency's attorneys lied about the welfare of foster children who may have witnessed a teen hang herself while broadcasting on Facebook.
Teen Injured In Miami Gardens Drive-By ShootingA drive-by shooting at a Miami Gardens gas station sent customers running for their lives.
Teen Shot Outside Of Home During Super Bowl Get TogetherA Miami Gardens teen was rushed to the hospital after he was shot during a Super Bowl party.
Muggers Shoot Teen As She Waits Outside Boyfriend's HomePolice are searching for two suspects who ambushed and shot a teenager during a robbery outside of a home in Miami Gardens.
Family Grateful Infant Mostly Unharmed In Drive-By ShootingBullets came within inches of hitting a baby and injured a woman in Miami Gardens. Now the search is on for those responsible.
Drive-By Shooting In Miami Gardens Leaves Woman, Infant HurtShots fired in Miami Gardens has left two people hurt, including a 6-month-old baby.
Miami-Dade Teen In Foster Care Live Streams Her Death On FacebookA girl in foster care in Miami Gardens hung herself with a homemade noose and live streamed it on Facebook.
Police ID Victims In Deadly Miami Gardens ShootingPolice have released the identities of two people who were shot and killed in Miami Gardens.
Investigation Continues After Man Shot At Florida Memorial UniversityScore of cops rushed to Florida Memorial University in Miami Gardens after a student was shot in the leg on campus.

domain: news


text:
Channel 9 presenter Erin Molan has revealed she was the victim of persistent and vile threats from a convicted internet troll during whilst pregnant.
A heavily pregnant and frightened Molan reported the offender to police last year after fearing for her safety.
The Sunday Telegraph published a series of threatening Facebook messages sent by the man, who was charged and later convicted in court.
Molan repeatedly blocked the offender who continued the barrage of abusive and threatening messages from several different profiles.
In one of the more disturbing messages revealed by News Limited, the perpetrator told a pregnant Molan he hoped she has a miscarriage.
“I wish u a f***** still born I wish u a f***** still born I wish u a f***** still born AND U DIE IN THE PROCESS … hip hip hooray hip hip HOORAY,’ he wrote.
Molan did not reveal the identity of the man, who received an eight-month sentence and a $10,000 fine.
Molan told News Limited’s Jessica Halloran the abuse began shortly after she replaced Paul ‘Fatty’ Vautin as host of The NRL Footy Show.
“It got to the stage where the messages became so constant, it was so vile and it was affecting how I lived and how safe I felt,” Molan told The Sunday Telegraph.
“I am used to copping nasty comments … but when it gets to the stage when I felt unsafe and I was heavily pregnant, and someone is threatening my life and the life of my child, it’s too much.”
The current host of Friday Night Footy took charge of the long-running NRL Footy Show in 2018.
A continuation of a steady ratings decline in recent years led Channel 9 executives to sensationally axe the show last October.


Honor has confirmed that it will be unveiling the Honor 7X smartphone on Oct. 11. It seems that the Honor 7X is being tested to check its performance before it official launch as it has allegedly appeared on Geekbench benchmarking site.
A smartphone labelled as “Huawei BND-AL10” has been spotted on the benchmarking platform. Rumors have revealed that the smartphone is codenamed as Bond and its 3C certification has revealed BND-AL10 and BND-TL10 model numbers. The Geekbench listing has also revealed that Honor 7X is running on Android 7.0 Nougat and it is powered by an octa-core processor along with 4 GB of RAM. Previous reports have revealed that the all-new Kirin 659 chipset would be fueling the Honor 7X.
On single-core test, the handset has scored 909 points and in multi-core test, it has recorded a score of 3159. This shows that the Honor 7X will be a mid-range phone. The Kirin 659 will be an enhanced version of Kirin 658 that powers phones like Huawei P10 Lite and Huawei Nova Youth.
The recently launched Huawei Honor 9i (also known as Maimang 6 and Nova 2i in other markets) is also fueled by the new Kirin 659 chipset. It is a 16nm chipset that features four cores of Cortex A53 running at 2.36 GHz and four cores of Cortex A51 clocking at 1.7 GHz. It includes Mali T830 MP2 graphics.
The rumor mill has already leaked its specifications and pricing. Since it is speculated to launch as a budget-friendly phone with dual rear cameras, it is expected to rival with Xiaomi Mi 5X. Like the Honor 6X, the Honor 7X is also rumored to be available for buying outside China.


text:
Embattled Brazilian oil tycoon and former OGX chief Eike Batista will face trial starting November 18 for alleged financial crimes.
Batista, 57, is accused of misleading investors by making overly optimistic statements about OGX’s Campos Basin assets and not following through with a $1 billion investment as the company failed.
OGX is a publicly listed exploration company that, prior to its 2013 bankruptcy, was Brazil’s second largest oil company.
Most of the Campos fields never came close to meeting production targets and four of the five fields were declared non-commercial.
Batista is also accused of insider trading, having sold off his OGX shares in 2013 as the company’s problems mounted.
The trades allegedly netted Batista $148.4 million, Brazilian news source Folha de Sao Paulo said.
In September, a Brazilian judge froze $639 million of Batista’s assets including $50 million investigators found in his bank accounts.
The frozen assets could be used to pay compensation for any losses Batista is found culpable for.
OGX’s bankruptcy sent Batista’s other holdings into a spiral. Another of Batista’s companies filed for bankruptcy and other companies are selling off key assets and controlling stakes, the Wall Street Journal said.
Batista has denied any wrongdoing.
If convicted he could face up to 13 years in prison.
Batista, once the richest person in Brazil, said in September that his net worth has plummeted to negative $1 billion.


text:
Bank of America Quadruples Completed HAMP ModificationsSubmitted by bobbyw24 on Wed, 02/17/2010 - 08:05
More than 12,700 Bank of America customers now have a permanent loan modification under the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP), according to the bank’s monthly report to the Department of the Treasury.
Up from 3,200 completed modifications reported in December, Bank of America quadrupled its number of permanent HAMP modifications in just 30 days. In addition, another 13,700 permanent modifications are pending. This means final modified loan terms have been approved, and documents have been sent for the customers’ signatures, which will be the final step to a completed modification.
“In the past month, our concerted customer outreach initiative has driven a substantial increase in the rate of conversions from trial to permanent modifications, as we anticipated in our recent reports of HAMP progress,” said Jack Schakett, credit loss mitigation strategies executive for Bank of America Home Loans. “These results are attributable to the resources — including expansion of our default management staffing to more than 15,000 — and focus we have placed in support of this and other homeownership retention programs.”

domain: finance


text:
For a taste of German beer, cuisine and relaxation, diners in Norman can report for duty at Das Boot Camp. The sister restaurant of the popular Royal Bavaria, Das Boot Camp offers a more casual atmosphere and menu without sacrificing the traditional experience for which Royal Bavaria has become known.
“Over the years, many people said they wanted a lunch option,” says chef and proprietor Andy Gmeiner. “Adding TVs was also a frequent request, so they could enjoy some brats and beer and watch their favorite game. We listened, and that’s where the idea for Das Boot Camp was born.”
Some of the fare may look familiar to Royal Bavaria patrons, including the famous jäger schnitzel. Others, like the schnitzel sandwich with lemon-caper aioli, fresh lemons and perfectly crispy pork, are unique to the new establishment. In addition, Das Boot Camp provides a wider selection of German sausages than was previously offered and a selection of hand-crafted Royal Bavaria brews – available, of course, in das boot. 229 E. Main St., Norman. www.das-bootcamp.com

domain: food


Curious what folks here would change...
Isnt that the T model you are talking about?Shave weight out of it by bringing safety, sound deadening, and luxury down to minimal levels and putting the body and chassis on a diet. The 911 is the luxurious grand tourer.
hhmmmm I wouldnt mind an eCayman IF its a two seater sport car with a design in the lineage of the existing caymans.Ditto!
And I’d put a permanent ban on using the names “Boxster” or “Cayman” for an electric car.
Have to disagree. The Cayman grew out of the Boxster, which was named for Boxer-Roadster. There is no lineage there that leads to an all-new, electric car. Such a vehicle necessitates an all-new name, just as the Taycan was not e-Panamera.hhmmmm I wouldnt mind an eCayman IF its a two seater sport car with a design in the lineage of the existing caymans.
not at all like what Ford just did with the Mustang
Wouldn't it be easier to simply strip them of the 718 designation...I would recall the 718 Cayman GT4 and 718 Spyder and refit them with normally aspirated flat-four engines (and do the same to all future units to be produced).
A flat-six has no place in a car bearing the 718 moniker, that what the heritage tells us anyway 😬


text:
Royal Christmas Fair
The Hague celebrates its very own Christmas market when the Royal Christmas Fair takes place in December!
Christmas shopping in The Hague
Taking place along the Lange Voorhout, the many stalls offer more than your average Christmas market! There will be mulled wine and delicious seasonal Dutch food like poffertjes, oliebollen and other treats on offer to tickle your taste buds.
International products in The Hague
With Christmas markets becoming increasingly popular in the Netherlands, The Hague finally got its own Christmas market in 2014. Now, five years on, The Hague is full of Christmas spirit with this heartwarming market along the historic Lange Voorhout.
Mirroring the international nature of The Hague, you'll be able to find diverse goods such as Yankee Candles and Crabtree and Evelyn products, authentic German snacks, homemade marshmallows, gourmet chocolate and more!
Popular Christmas fairs across the Netherlands
The Netherlands is full of similar festive events in many parts of the country. Other popular Christmas-related events include Ice Village Christmas Market on Museumplein in Amsterdam, Magical Maastricht and Winter Village Amstelveen.
Plan your visit to Royal Christmas Fair
The location of the Royal Christmas Fair couldn’t be more perfect for visitors coming out of town, being a very short walk from The Hague central station and very close to the main shopping streets. There is nearby parking at Noordeinde, Plein and Malieveld, as well as at central station.
The entrances to the fair can be found at Kloosterkerk, Hotel des Indes and the American Embassy. check out the Royal Christmas Fair website for more visitor information.

domain: travel


text:
Eric Foner rewrites the history of the Underground RailroadHistorians in the News
tags: Underground Railroad
Eric Foner has won a place in the front rank of American historians with books that seem to vacuum up all available sources to produce bold new interpretations of the country’s reckoning with the big questions of slavery and freedom.
But his latest grew from a modest beginning: a tip from his dog-walker.
In 2007, Madeleine Lewis, an undergraduate history major who helped with the family cocker spaniel, had been looking at the papers of a little-known 19th-century abolitionist editor named Sydney Howard Gay, held at Columbia University, when she came upon a small notebook labeled Record of Fugitives.
She mentioned it to Mr. Foner, who was busy writing “The Fiery Trial,” his Pulitzer Prize-winning study of Abraham Lincoln’s shifting views of slavery. A few months later, he got around to looking at the notebook, which contained detailed records of Gay’s efforts to help more than 200 runaway slaves passing through New York City.
“I was amazed,” Mr. Foner said recently during an interview in his office at Columbia, where he has taught since 1982. “I had never heard of this document, or seen it cited.”
He added: “Normally, I start with a historical question and then go looking for documents that might help me answer it. This was the first time it happened the other way around.”
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- Black history is still largely ignored, 70 years after Empire Windrush reached Britain
- Senegal historian decries long shadows of colonialism
- “As if George Wallace had won in 1968″

domain: library


text:
November 25, 2021
The Lettuce Rejoice!
Firmly Rooted Farm's Newsletter for their Veggie Loving Farm-ily
Here we are applying a high carbon compost in a caterpillar tunnel to increase carbon content in the soil before planting some winter greens
On the Farm: Dirt to Soil
Hello again my veggie loving friends,
At the farm, winter is a time to reflect on the successes and opportunities presented by the previous growing season. It is a time to create a plan of action that determines what changes could be made to improve the operation. Many farmers use this time in this manner, and this planning is complemented by various farming conferences that provide learning opportunities during the winter. And a topic growing in popularity at every conference is soil.
From soil springs life. The soil itself is complex and multifaceted. To begin, it must be understood that there are different components of soil. It is not one thing but many things: air, water, microbes, minerals, and organic matter. All these aspects modify the soil and its properties. Soil has four main functions; it is a medium for plant growth, it stores and purifies water, it holds carbon from the atmosphere, and it is a habitat for organisms. Good stewards of the land try to understand the importance of these complex relationships and aim to enhance them and benefit from them.
Humans classify soil based upon 3 types: sand, silt, and clay. Many soils are combined types and naming and classifying them is based upon physical and chemical properties. Soils are divided into soil orders, suborders, great groups, subgroups, families, and series. It’s complicated, but knowing this is only really useful to scientists. A farmer can easily find information about their farm’s soil type through soil mapping online or from soil analyses. Firmly Rooted is a Harriston Loam, named by location and type. It has good drainage and a low erosion factor but can be easily compacted. Loam is itself a combination of sand, silt, and clay, blending the best qualities from each type. Sand is porous, silt is textured, and clay retains water and minerals.
Knowing soil type is helpful and it can tell us what possible issues might arise. However, many farmers conduct soil analyses that tell them the physical and chemical properties of the exact soil present on their farm, since management practices affect these characteristics. A soil analysis involves collecting samples in an organized manner from various field sites and sending them off to a laboratory for analysis. It can tell you your soil’s pH, salt levels, other micronutrient levels, organic matter percentage, and more. Often farmers will employ the expertise of a soil scientist to help them interpret results and provide management recommendations.
At Firmly Rooted our soil organic matter (SOM) is around 4%. One of the soil management goals on the farm is to increase SOM. But what is SOM? It is composed of plant and animal debris, soil microbial life, and substances that soil microbes synthesize like nutrients/minerals. When we increase SOM, we increase fertility and beneficial life within the soil. We do this by practising certain management techniques such as low to no-tillage, which you can read more about here, and by applying different amendments providing different functions. Amendments include alfalfa meal which increases nitrogen levels, turkey litter compost which is nutrient-dense, high carbon compost to increase carbon, micronutrients, and many more.
Amendment application is very different between a greenhouse and an open field. High-producing greenhouses often need applications of boron and potassium as they are easily depleted by plants like tomatoes who demand high nutrient availability. Also, covered areas like greenhouses usually run into salt build-up issues in the soil because they lack the rain to clear sodium out of the soils, which is deposited through amendments and irrigation; groundwater has higher salt content. One method we use is amending with gypsum (click the link to learn more).
The question you may be wondering is why? Why care this much about soil? Improved soil quality means healthier and more nutrient-dense vegetables, but there’s more to it. Think back to the four functions of soil. These functions work in tandem; each function requires the others in order to work optimally. But in the era of climate change, the soil’s ability to absorb carbon from the atmosphere is gaining attention. Many land-management practices such as high tillage have resulted in a loss of carbon from the soil, and therefore all functions have been affected to their detriment. But, if we manage our soils correctly, we can act as carbon sinks, helping to mitigate the issue of climate change, or even reverse it in a regenerative cycle. The documentary Kiss the Ground on Netflix is a great primer for the opportunity of soil to address climate change.
Our greatest weakness at Firmly Rooted, or rather an opportunity, is knowledge. There is just so much to know about soil, I have barely scratched the surface. It’s a big subject and some people dedicate their entire lives to it. Additionally, there is so much about soil that no one knows. For example, it isn’t known exactly how many different microbes are present in the soil because of the sheer number. In one handful of soil, you may be holding more microbes than people who have ever walked the earth. Isn’t that incredible?!
Winter radishes are a delight to behold. Gorgeous rings of colour brighten up any dish. You can feature them in a radish salad to add something light to typically heavy winter meals. You can add them to a stew to add a bit of kick. You can even ferment them (although they do emit a notable smell, that’s part of the fun)! I’ve shared with you an adapted and easy Chinese-style braised daikon radish recipe that only takes 30 minutes to make.
We have finally received the Ministry of Environment sample results conducted after the spray incident in early August. They show clear contamination by the sprayed insecticide, which will result in the loss of our organic certification. We are pursuing legal action.
That’s all for now folks, happy eating until next time!

domain: agronomy


Commercial inspections are similar to building inspections, pest inspections or other special purpose inspection. The main point of difference is the construction and zoning of the building which deems it to be commercial in nature. The constructions methods of commercial premises are sometimes different from residential dwellings and the finishings/linings are generally minimal in a commercial situation especially where there is an office area and a workshop area.
Whilst the need for commercial inspections is less common, it is certainly a good option for a purchaser to ensure the building is sound as any defects can be factored in at the outset. This in turn will create less disruption to business of the purchaser or of the tenant as items can be addressed sooner rather than later which helps keep up good relations between the purchaser and a tenant.


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(CTN News) – A Bitcoin exchange-traded product (ETP)giant BlackRock has become one of the top five exchange-traded products in the United States when it comes to capital inflows, according to a recent report.
According to data from YCharts, the cryptocurrency fund IBIT, which trades under the ticker IBIT, was ranked in the top 0.16% of 3,109 US exchange traded funds (ETPs). It is noted by industry experts that the BlackRock ETF had to miss the first seven trading days of 2024 due to technical reasons.
According to the company, it was waiting for approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) before it could proceed.
According to senior analyst Bitcoin Eric Balchunas, IBIT has attracted over $3.19 billion in investments since it launched. According to his calculations, BlackRock’s cryptocurrency ETF entered 0.02% of the largest ETPs in the world based on this indicator. Approximately 10,000 exchange products are currently available.
Fidelity Investments’ crypto fund is another successful spot for Bitcoin ETFs. $2.51 billion has been invested in this investment product since its launch.
BlackRock and Fidelity’s crypto funds continue to lead other companies’ spot Bitcoin ETFs, according to analysts. As indicated by SoSo Value, Ark Invest and 21Shares are third in terms of the volume of funds received, with an indicator of $697 million.
There is only one exception to this rule, which is Grayscale Investments’ cryptocurrency ETF. Despite the fact that this product has lost more than $6.1 billion, it remains the most significant asset holder of all crypto funds. The Grayscale spot Bitcoin ETF manages a total of $20 billion in assets.


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A bold plan to build Brisbane’s first “townhouse in the sky” development will test the city’s appetite for a new style of split-level living.
Sydney-based developer Pyco Group has won approval for its Nouveau apartment building on Anstey Street at Albion, featuring arched terraces and a brick foundation that reflects the industrial heritage of the suburb.
Realm Projects managing director Shane Foley, who is project marketer for the development, says the townhouse in the sky concept is the first of its kind in Brisbane.
“This hasn’t been done before in Brisbane, it’s uniquely designed for this site,” Foley says.
“It’s taken that traditional concept of a townhouse and put it in an apartment building.”
Pyco Group director Lachlan Cottee says the 42 two-storey sky homes would leverage the hilltop position in the burgeoning area to capture views across the city’s skyline.
Cottee says Pyco Group beefed up the size of the development after managing to acquire the four neighbouring lots over 18 months to create the eight-storey tower.
“I’m trying to build something I would want to live in,” Cottee says.
“We can deliver something that’s just as good as a traditional Queenslander but for a fraction of the price.
“The concept is there is this missing middle market which is a real gap in what is being offered. Nouveau provides for a market looking for the lifestyle and amenities of an inner city location and the space of a house but who can’t quite afford both.”
Cottee says they are aiming at the downsizer and professionals buyer market, as well as young families.
“We believe we can deliver a two-storey, split-level apartment in a great location. My first development was in Brisbane, we’re confident in that market,” he says.
“Originally we started with a view to fill a gap for Sydney investors. We have a lot of investors looking for good yield, high value stock. Originally we were building stock to fill that need in Chermside and Cannon Hill.
“Obviously there’s times where the investor market isn’t very strong, and it looks like we’re heading into one of those periods, so being able to adapt and fill both sides of that buyer demographic is important.
“Our last project, the Bailey, was a 50-50 split between investors and owner-occupiers. But we think Nouveau will be mainly owner-occupier targeted.”
DAH Architecture owner David Hansford has brought his insights from low-density residential design to this project to create homes in the sky.
Hansford says it is more complex to create the split-level apartment floorplates and they have been working on the plans for about 12 months.
“We had been looking at sites specifically for the sky homes concept for a while now. I think to a certain degree it was about the corner site,” he says.
“We do a lot of high-end low density residential projects, and a lot of designing Nouveau has been taking those things and bringing it to apartment living. It’s townhouse outcomes in an apartment.”
Hansford said the double height living areas and outdoor entertainment space were a drawcard for the unusual apartment floorplates.
“When you look at the renders of Nouveau it looks like a four-storey building, the facade breaks up the massing,” he says.
“Everyone wants double-height outdoor entertainment areas, and you’re achieving that in an apartment.
“And between the views, the cafes and the urban renewal of Albion it will be a really cool little precinct.”
Foley says the Nouveau project will provide house-sized floor plans at a more accessible price point, with prices starting at about $1.15 million.
“If you went back three years ago you could buy a house for $1 million in the surrounding area. Now the entry point is really $1.5 million, that’s cut out a significant portion of the market.
“Albion has been undergoing a tremendous transformation. It has a thriving cafe culture and a lot of regeneration going on with breweries and restaurants near Crosby Park.”
The project will be launched soon after already receiving off-market interest and about 15 expressions of interest and it should break ground by the second quarter of 2023.
Pyco Group also has plans in the works for another apartment development on Vulture Street at West End.
Nearby, Alceon has undertaken early demolition works on the redevelopment of the iconic brutalist office tower on the hill at Albion, as part of a $200 million mixed use precinct.
The existing commercial building will undergo a complete refurbishment and façade upgrade, providing 8032sq m of office space as well as a 750sq m child care facility.
The precinct will have a residential focus, with a newly-planned building comprising 77 apartments over 10-storeys. The planned 7-storey commercial tower will provide 5600sq m of office space.
Also in the suburb, Brisbane-based developer Geon Property won approval for the first stage of its $750-million Albion Train Station precinct redevelopment in 2020.
The Albion Exchange development is to be delivered over 15 years to repurpose a 4900sq m state government-owned development site running adjacent to the existing Albion train station.
Article source: Queensland Property Investor

domain: design


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Delicious moist badam milk mix cake which turned out super moist. The cake taste so flavourful with all the badam goodness.
Prep Time 10 minutes mins
Cook Time 35 minutes mins
Total Time 45 minutes mins
1)If you dont have badam milk mix on hand. You can add ¾ cup of almond powder and increase sugar to ¾ cup. Add a pinch of cardamom powder and saffron.
2)If you want eggless option, add ½ cup yogurt instead of egg.


ICYMI: Nearly Forty Constitutional Law Scholars Release Letter to Congressional Leadership Affirming D.C. Statehood is Constitutional
Washington, D.C. — Today, nearly 40 renowned legal and constitutional scholars sent a letter to Congressional leaders decisively concluding that D.C. statehood is constitutional. NBC News wrote exclusively about the letter here, saying “the experts are vouching for the constitutionality of D.C. statehood and pushing back against criticisms that stand in its way.”
In the letter, leading legal experts evaluated the three primary constitutional clauses at play in the statehood debate — the Admissions Clause, the District Clause, and the Twenty-Third Amendment — finding that there are no constitutional barriers to the passage of the Washington, D.C. Admissions Act (H.R. 51) and D.C. statehood. Signatories include Caroline Fredrickson, Leah Litman, Erwin Chemerinsky, Mark Tushnet, Jessica Bullman-Pozen, Franita Tolson, and Laurence H. Tribe, among other legal experts, professors and scholars from Harvard University, U.C. Berkeley, University of Chicago, Georgetown and more.
The full text of the letter and list of signers can be found here.
Stasha Rhodes, Campaign Director of 51 for 51, responded:
“This letter confirms what we have always known: D.C. statehood is entirely constitutional. Opponents of statehood hide behind the Constitution to keep the 700,000, mostly Black and Brown, residents of D.C. from equal voting representation in our government — their shield is gone. When the nation’s leading constitutional scholars come together to affirm that statehood is constitutional, we need to listen. The arguments against statehood are purely political and rooted in a deep desire to suppress Black voices and political power. Now, the only thing standing in the way of D.C. statehood is the filibuster and a lack of courage to act.”
Greg Sargent, Opinion Columnist at the Washington Post also added:
“Whether it’s D.C. statehood, or reforming the filibuster crippling legislative action to address big public problems, or safeguarding voting rights against escalating restrictions of them, Democrats have a tight window for undertaking major rebalancing reforms. And act they must.”
To speak with a representative of 51 for 51, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org
51 for 51 is a coalition of D.C.-based and national groups committed to equal representation for the over 700,000 D.C. residents who remain locked out of our democracy. The coalition of 20 progressive groups believe American citizens living in the District deserve a voice in Congress and control over their own local laws. Already, President Biden, Vice President Harris, and Senators Warren, Markey, Gillibrand and Hickenlooper have endorsed 51 for 51’s proposed path to statehood.


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The Department of Labor also filed a lawsuit Nov. sixteen saying couriers that move packages for Google Express misclassified their supply drivers as impartial contractors. Employee status is an issue in other cases that don’t contain wages. After Uber and competitor Lyft Inc. ended operations in Austin, Texas, former drivers filed a lawsuit alleging the businesses violated a regulation that requires advance notice to staff of a mass layoff. The case towards Lyft was dismissed as a result of the plaintiff died, but the case in opposition to Uber is ongoing.
The determination marked a major defeat for Uber within the United Kingdom, the place it has come beneath stress from labour activists and transportation regulators. The company defended its enterprise mannequin of treating its staff as unbiased contractors, whereas, extra lately, presenting the addition of latest benefits as a kind of middle ground. Even after the ruling, Uber nonetheless contends that drivers are contractors and the decision solely applies to the drivers named within the unique employment tribunal, not to present and future workers, Sparkes writes. Uber did not disclose how a lot the reclassification of British drivers would increase its costs, but it stated in a regulatory submitting that it didn’t alter the company’s monetary targets for the 12 months. London is considered one of Uber’s five largest markets, and Britain accounts for about 6.four percent of the company’s total gross bookings. In Britain, Uber initially sought to downplay the Supreme Court ruling.
The majority of domestic employees in China, Mexico, India, and different populous creating international locations, are people from the agricultural areas who’re employed by urban households. In Brazil, home staff have to be employed under a registered contract and have many of the rights of another employees, which features a minimum wage, remunerated vacations and a remunerated weekly day with no work. It just isn’t unusual, however, for employers to hire servants illegally and fail to offer a piece contract. Since domestic workers predominantly come from disadvantaged teams with much less entry to schooling, they are typically vulnerable and uninformed of their rights, especially in rural areas. Nevertheless, domestics employed and not utilizing a proper contract can successfully sue their employers and be compensated for abuse committed. It is frequent in Brazil for home workers, together with childcare workers, to be required to wear uniforms, whereas this requirement has fallen out of use in different countries.
The wealthy within the city would even have home workers, however fewer and with less distinctive roles. Domestic workers had been mostly thought of a part of the decrease class and a few middle case. Domestic helpers from certain other nations, especially the Philippines and Indonesia, work in Hong Kong on particular visas that exempt employers from many obligations received by different employees, and receive a decrease minimal wage.
Just having a fundamental system in place is not enough, and the existence of the Sustain step is a testament to this. When staff are required to do something new in the workspace, it will not become an automated behavior instantly; it takes people time to truly form longstanding habits. A question to ask is, “Are current shifts and schedules permitting adequate time to complete the set 5S tasks?” Sometimes schedules along with high demands indentation error python hinder the workers’ skills to complete organizational duties after a shift. In these instances, it may be very important take a step back and look into different effectivity tweaks that would permit extra time for employees to complete these wanted tasks. Sometimes, it may simply be that employees haven’t had efficient or enough training about what is predicted of them.
The functionalist perspective is a macroanalytical view that focuses on the finest way that every one elements of society are integral to the continued health and viability of the whole. A functionalist would possibly concentrate on why we now have international inequality and what social functions it serves. Many models of modernization and development are functionalist, suggesting that societies with trendy cultural values and beliefs are in a place to obtain financial development while conventional cultural values and beliefs hinder improvement. Cultures are both practical or dysfunctional for the economic improvement of societies. According to a 2008 report by Human Rights Watch , the Saudi Ministry of Labor provided official figures of 1.2 million household employees in Saudi Arabia including home staff, drivers, and gardeners.
But SVA still relies on money flow rather than on the actions and processes that drive money flow. Customer-based measures are essential, but they have to be translated into measures of what the company should do internally to satisfy its customers’ expectations. After all, glorious buyer efficiency derives from processes, choices, and actions occurring throughout a company. Managers need to focus on these important inner operations that allow them to fulfill customer needs.

domain: sociology


Home » Goods » Cars & Transport » Automobiles & Motorcycles » Brake System » Pneumohydraulic amplifier
Sector: Brake System
Price: Contract Price
Terms of Delivery: Самовывоз.
Full Product Information:It is intended for decrease of the force being applied by the driver of the lorries to the pedal of the clutch. The amplifier is being produced in 3 versions. Versions of the amplifier differ by the places of braking fluid and air location, design of the rod, protective cap as well as availability of exhaust window or the adapter. Characteristics: versions- 01 07 08 Maximum operating pressure in a pneumatic system, max., MPa (kg-force/cm²) 0,8, Maximum operating pressure in a hydraulic system, max., MPa (kg-force/cm²) 5,88, Effort on the rod at air operating pressure 0.8 MPa and braking fluid operating pressure 1.3 MPa, Н (kg-force) 7948±397, Range of operating temperatures, °С -45÷ +65, Connecting thread M 14×1,5-6Н, M 16×1,5-6Н, Overall dimensions, mm length - 386 419 424, width - 124, height - 133, 160. Weight, kg 3,82 3,81 3,89.
Another products from the category "Brake System"
It is intended for control of actuating mechanisms of the brake gear of the vehicle with double-circuit brake gear as well as for control of the trailer brake gear valves.
Automatic Regulator of Braking Forces. It is intended for automatic adjustment of the braking force of pneumatic brake cylinders on the axes with a pneumosuspension bracket depending on pressure in a ...


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How Long Do Covid Symptoms Last – The Food and Drug Administration of the United States, like every COVID vaccine manufacturer in the country to make a variant-specific booster shot. Even the federal government has mentioned more than once that current vaccines and their booster shots of COVID-19 are not able to contain the spread of the virus.
Until we receive those variant-specific booster shots, it is our duty to ensure our safety along with the safety of our friends and family. Health experts around the world, including the World Health Organization, have already mentioned multiple times that the right knowledge regarding COVID can help the general public ensure their safety against the virus.
That is why today we are here to discuss how long COVID symptoms last. Things like that can help you recover faster and safely. Apart from that, it can also help you save some money. So without wasting any time, let’s take a look at the timeline of COVID-19.
The Incubation Period of the Virus 2 – 5 Days
Viruses like COVID-19 do not start showing symptoms as soon as you get exposed to the virus. There is always going to be some time between your exposure to the virus and the first day of your symptoms.
That time period between exposure and the first day of symptoms is called the incubation period of the disease. This time period is not just limited to COVID-19. It is also associated with every other virus in the world.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believe with currently dominating variants of COVID-19, the incubation period of the virus is around two to five days, depending on the timing system. The incubation period of the virus can be different for each person in the world.
Several factors can influence time. First of all, the variant of the virus is going to play a huge role in the size of the incubation. The original variant of COVID-19 was founded in Wuhan, China, back in 2019 after an incubation period of two weeks.
That clearly means people who get infected with the original variant of COVID-19 can start developing the symptoms of the virus within two weeks. The second thing which is going to influence the incubation period of the virus is the immune system of the person.
As you might already be aware, every person in this world has a different immune system. If you are among those few people who do not get any disease easily, you can even spend more than five days without developing any symptoms of COVID-19.
People who are struggling with any chronic disease are more vulnerable to any other disease and infection. Those people can get infected and add the symptoms of the virus within two days.
Even if you take a look at the guidelines released by the Centers for Disease Control and prevention regarding isolation and quarantine, you will see that the CDC suggests every word to isolate themselves for five days if they get exposed to the virus.
If you are among those people who have been recently exposed to the virus, then you should maintain social distance for the next 5 to 10 days. Most probably, you will start developing symptoms within five days, but you should not meet anyone vulnerable to getting very sick from COVID-19 till the 10th day.
Duration of Symptoms 5 – 10 days
Once you have crossed your incubation period and you start developing the symptoms of the virus, they can also stay in your system depending on several factors.
For example, the original variant of COVID-19 had symptom duration of around two weeks, and depending on your own immune system, you can recover before or after that time.
Currently, dominating variants of COVID-19 have the duration of symptoms around 5 to 10 days. If you get exposed to the virus on the 1st of September, and you start developing symptoms related to the virus on the 3rd of September, then there is a probability that you can recover by the 8th or 13th of September.
Even the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have lowered the number in its latest guidelines. Current CDC guidelines of quarantine and isolation also mention that you should isolate or quarantine yourself for around 5 to 10 days, depending on the severity of symptoms.
People with lower immune strength might take longer than five days to recover, even with the currently dominating variants of COVID-19. The above-given numbers are just estimations. If you are struggling with any chronic disease, then you should consult with your COVID infection with your health care provider as you might require some additional medical assistance.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States believe if you are able to spend 24 hours fever free without using any fever-reducing medication, then you can endure isolation or quarantine.
Different variants of COVID-19 can have different Duration of symptoms after exposure. Apart from that, at any time of your infection, you are allowed to consult with your healthcare provider.
Precaution Period 5 – 10 Days
As per the guidelines released by the Centers for Disease Control and prevention regarding isolation and quarantine after getting exposed to COVID-19, you are allowed to end your isolation or quarantine after 5 days of your infection.
At the same time, you should also make sure that you are able to spend 24 hours fever free without using any fever-reducing medicine.
But, Even after those five days, you can still infect others who are more vulnerable to getting very sick from the virus. That is why you should keep following all the COVID protocol guidelines till the 10th day of your exposure to the virus.
The first few days from the recovery of the virus might be good for your overall health, but it can still affect others. There is a probability that others can get infected with a virus.
You should keep testing yourself on a daily basis, keep wearing a face mask and maintain social distance while you are in public places. You can avoid travel till the 10th day of the first day of your symptoms.
These things will help you ensure the safety of your friends and family along with your society.
All about Long COVID
Even if you have successfully recovered from COVID-19, it doesn’t mean that you can never get it, and there are no complications after that.
Every health expert and public Health Organization in the world has already mentioned several times that there is a condition called long COVID. That condition clearly means that you can get the symptoms of COVID-19 for a longer period of time without even testing positive for that.
Health experts, including the Centers for Disease Control and prevention of the United States, are yet to find out the right causes, symptoms, and accurate timeline.
Till now, CDC believes people who get very sick from COVID-19 or get re-infections are more vulnerable to developing long COVID. At the same time, it can have a huge list of symptoms, including mental and physical issues.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believe long COVID can affect every part of your body, including mental health.
There are not enough ways to prevent this condition other than preventing the infection of the virus in the first place. Even if you get infected with a virus in the first place, kindly make sure you are not getting very sick from the infection or getting re-infections.
Both of those things are known to increase the chances of a person getting long COVID, and there is no fixed timeline for that. There is a very high probability that a person can get long over sometimes for months to come.
If you are struggling with long COVID, then you might experience below given symptoms. These are among the most common symptoms of long COVID, and they all are mentioned by the Centers for Disease Control and prevention of the United States.
- Tiredness or fatigue that interferes with daily life
- Symptoms that get worse after a physical or mental effort
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Fast-beating or pounding heart
- Difficulty thinking or concentrating
- Sleep problems
- Pins-and-needles feelings
- Change in smell or taste
- Depression or anxiety
- Stomach pain
- Joint or muscle pain
- Changes in menstrual cycles
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believe there is no fixed treatment for long COVID conditions. The best way you can ensure your safety is by preventing the infection in the first place.

domain: medical


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4am - 6am
Panic! at the Disco
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Kev Bach has your afternoon and journey home sorted with the freshest celebrity news and hottest hit music around - weekdays 2pm-7pm.
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domain: entertainment


The Tatami Combat club rash guard is part of the Eco Tech range and has a dark grey base with red & white logos/designs. The unique sublimated design featuring a devil & a tiger grappling features boldly on the back of rash guard, and a smaller altered version sits on the chest.
Our Eco Tech rash guards are designed as part of an increased commitment to developing more sustainable products to protect the environment.
- Comfortable, flexible fabric
- 82% polyester
- 18% elastin
- Wash cold/hang dry
- Long sleeved
Manufactured by: Tatami Fightwear
Product Type: Rash Guards