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The legend of "America's Sports Car," the venerable Chevrolet Corvette, began its illustrious journey in 1953. Fast forward to 1993, a significant milestone arrived as it marked the 40th anniversary of the iconic Corvette's production. By this juncture, the Corvette had evolved through multiple generations, and the 40th anniversary edition represented the fourth iteration, known as the C4, with a unique interpretation of the classic formula. This exceptional specimen, the 1993 Chevrolet Corvette Coupe, bears just 30,000 miles on its odometer and proudly carries the 40th-anniversary emblems, signifying its status as a special automotive icon commemorating the heritage of America's beloved sports car. According to its current owner, this Corvette boasts an impressive specification list, making it a true gem among automotive enthusiasts.
Exuding timeless elegance, this 1993 Chevrolet Corvette Coupe boasts a striking Black Rose Metallic exterior, a color choice synonymous with sophistication. The inclusion of a Targa top offers the liberating experience of open-air driving. Equipped with a Solar Ray windshield to enhance visibility while minimizing glare, this Corvette rides on specially-ordered chrome wheels bearing the Corvette insignia, enveloped by new Goodyear Eagle F1 tires. With a formidable Bosch ABS brake system and all-wheel disc brakes, this sports car offers remarkable stopping power. Stepping into the cabin of this 1993 Chevrolet Corvette Coupe, you're greeted by leather sport seats, complete with lumbar support, ensuring comfort during even the lengthiest of journeys. Keyless entry facilitates effortless access, while power windows and mirrors add a touch of convenience to this classic beauty. The tilt-adjustable steering wheel, combined with the rack and pinion steering system, offers personalization and contributes to the car's sporty demeanor. The Delco stereo system provides a source of audio entertainment, elevated further by the premium BOSE speaker system.
Propelled by a robust 5.7L V8 multi-port fuel-injected engine known as the LT1, this 1993 Chevrolet Corvette Coupe generates an impressive 300 horsepower and 340 lb-ft of torque. Power is seamlessly channeled to the rear wheels through a 4-speed automatic transmission. The harmonious combination of selective ride suspension control and traction control bestows this Corvette with a versatile ride that delivers exceptional handling.
Get pre-qualified for an auto loan

domain: design


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By Barbara Zaragoza
BIG news: Chula Vista — the second largest city in San Diego County — had its City Council vote unanimously to have the city become part of the Welcoming America Network. Although, as news outlets reported, there’s no strict definition of a welcoming city, the declaration is a symbolic gesture meant to make people, in particular immigrants, feel welcome.
The new Chula Vista Police Captain, Roxana Kennedy, spoke during public comments and affirmed that the CVPD would not enforce immigration laws because it was the responsibility of the federal government. Instead, she explained that everyone in Chula Vista would receive equal enforcement of the law and would be fairly treated.
You’ll remember that Mayor Serge Dedina initially declared Imperial Beach a Welcoming City, but had to retract the declaration in September 2016 when — as reported by the San Diego Reader — “… protesters at the Sept. 21 meeting booed the mayor’s father as he spoke about being a refugee from Nazi Germany and said the U.S. should let in more refugees. Many of the anti-proclamation crowd held up printed “No ISIS” signs.”
During a National City Council meeting in February a large number of residents came out to support a Welcoming Proclamation, but at the last moment Mayor Morrison presented a “substitute” resolution that took out the words “Welcoming,” “Immigrant” and “Refugee”. The substitute was approved in a 3-2 vote.
Mayor Morrison explained that he “didn’t want an outside group dictating and defining what National City is in our viewpoints.” Later, open government advocates sent a cease and desist notice for violations of the Brown Act.
In addition, the Chula Vista City Council officially asked for the resignation of Otay Mesa Water District board member Hector Gastelum due to his racist tweets about Muslims and African-Americans. The vote was 4-1 with Councilmember Mike Diaz dissenting.
Gastelum defended his tweets during public comments, basically trying to explain that he was an advocate for human rights in the Middle East. He didn’t, however, explain his disturbing tweets about African-Americans, such as this one sent to me by a reader last week:
- Tenants are moving into the affordable housing units in Paradise Creek, which eventually will be a 201-unit project. (Phase I has been completed, Phase II is underway.) More than 3,000 people applied during the first phase. (San Diego Union Tribune)
- The National City Police Department has 52 uniformed officers now using body-worn cameras. The department entered a five-year $90,000 contract with Taser for their cameras. (In 2015 the Chula Vista Police Department did the same.) National City Police Chief Manuel Rodriguez said it would bring more transparency to the department. (Chula Vista Star News)
- A consulting group AECOM will study sea level rise in Imperial Beach. The group hopes to sync the city’s coastal plan with its zoning ordinance, identify strategies that adapt to sea level rise and create a climate action plan. (San Diego Union Tribune)
- A Hampton Inn was approved by the city’s design review board. With the Bernardo Shores condos being built and a new Navy SEAL training center, the city is expected to have an increase in visitors. The hotel will be located at the Breakwater Town Center Development on Palm Avenue between 7th & 9th Streets. (Dig Imperial Beach)
- The San Diego Union Tribune also wrote an extensive report on Tijuana sewage fouling beaches from the Mexican border to Coronado. It explained, “In fact, more than 80 percent of all the beach-closure days in the county since 2006 have happened between Coronado and the Mexican border, data from the San Diego County Department of Environmental Health shows.”
- A “South Bay Clean Water Movement” has started in response. The group has collected over 1,500 letters that have been hand delivered to several offices of politicians. They also have organized a march that will take place on April 29th at 3 p.m. (Eagle & Times)
- Meanwhile, rather than focusing on binational infrastructure, the Trump Administration is zeroing in on the first phase of border building with an initial cost of more than $3.6 billion. The focus will be highly trafficked corridors, including San Diego. In particular, the Washington Post reported, “Homeland Security chose Imperial Beach and Chula Vista as priorities for border barriers because it would be easier to build on the region’s federally owned land…”
- Ahead of Attorney Jeff Sessions’ tour of the border, about 80 people gathered to protest near the San Ysidro border crossing. (San Diego Union Tribune)
- And finally, our South Bay Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher released a strong statement after Sessions along with Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly and Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Ron Johnson visited the San Diego border:
“Jeff Sessions came to San Diego today to tour the border stations in the 80th district and saw firsthand that our community is determined to resist the hateful, bigoted and unjust policies his Justice Department is trying to impose on us. His warped and delusional views on immigration just don’t match the reality that our community is filled with hard-working, law-abiding patriots who reject this Administration’s divisive agenda.”
Gonzalez Fletcher is also the joint author of AB 946, the Resist the Wall Act, which calls for California’s pension funds to divest holdings of businesses that bid on the border wall. (From the Assemblywoman’s website)

domain: news


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Posted by mysterychicken on Tuesday, October 19, 2010 at 5:36pm.
29. The Greenback party and Farmers' Alliances both called for
a. putting more money into circulation
b. opening American markets to foreign crops
c. cutting back on protests
d. repealing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
I can't seem to find the answer for this...
32. The experiences of African Americans living in the colonies were
a. harsh only on plantations
b. similar to those of indentured servants
c. the same as those of Native Americans
d. varied depending on where they lived
33. Lee won a brilliant victory at Chancellorsville through the tactic of
a. dividing his forces
b. taking a defensive position
c. holding the high ground
d. relying on artillery
34. Which of the following contributed to the cattle ranching boom?
a. technical advances
b. falling crop prices
c. expansion of the railroads
d. dry farming
35. While Europeans regarded land as property, Native Americans
a. used land as a bargaining tool
b. willed their private lands to other members of their clan
c. bought and sold land in exchange for shells and precious metals
d. believed that land could not be owned, traded, or sold.
36. As a result of the early women's movement, women began to
a. own property and make wills
b. join religious revivals
c. vote in local elections
d. graduate from college
Answer This Question
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domain: history


West Ham have been busy in this summer’s transfer market overhauling the squad Manuel Pellegrini inherited at London Stadium.
Brazilian forward Felipe Anderson has headlined a list of arrivals, alongside Jack Wilshere, Andriy Yarmolenko, Issa Diop, Lukasz Fabianski, Ryan Fredericks and Fabian Balbuena.
West Ham handed over a club-record fee believed to be around the £40m mark to prise Anderson away from Lazio.
And reports suggest his arrival in east London could play a part in the Hammers ending their interest in Vazquez.
West Ham transfer news: Two reasons Hammers might abandon Franco Vazquez move
However, they were quoted an asking price of £31m (€35m) - which is pretty steep for a 29-year-old.
That whopping valuation, coupled with West Ham’s costly purchase of Anderson, means a deal may be shelved.
Pellegrini might turn his attention to addressing other areas of his squad with cash still in the bank.
Former Everton star Leon Osman has warned West Ham against making too many signings though.
And he’s spoken out having seen the Toffees struggle to gel a host of new recruits together last season.
"It does take a while to make that transition, to breed players in," said Osman.
"It’s easier to do it one and two at a time rather than bringing in 15 players and hoping that you can get them all coming together.
"So yes, it’s an exciting time for West Ham. It’s good that they’re putting money into the club.
"They’ve got a man at the helm they believe [in]. He’s bringing in some top quality players.
"But you’ve just got to be careful, it doesn’t just happen overnight, it does take time."
Jamaal Lascelles, Dimitri Payet and Salomon Rondon are all said to be in Pellegrini’s sights at West Ham.


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HARRISONBURG — A former Walmart employee who exposed himself to an 8-year-old boy in the store’s restroom in 2008 will spend an extra year in prison.
During a hearing in Rockingham County Circuit Court, prosecutors said Felix Alberto Martinez-Pacheco, 41, of Harrisonburg, violated his probation even before being released from prison.
Judge Bruce Albertson on Friday revoked one year of Martinez-Pacheco’s nine-year suspended sentence.
Martinez-Pacheco pleaded guilty on May 5, 2009, to felony indecent liberties with a child and failing to register as a sex offender. He also pleaded guilty to misdemeanor indecent exposure.
A plea deal yielded Martinez-Pacheco a 16-year prison sentence, with all but seven years suspended.
On July 12, 2008, prosecutors say, a boy was with his mother shopping at the Walmart on Va. 42 just south of Harrisonburg. During the trip, the boy had to go to the bathroom.
Martinez-Pacheco, who was then a Walmart employee, entered the bathroom and forced the door of the boy’s stall open, prosecutors say.
“[Martinez-Pacheco] asked [the boy] if he believed in God, then he kissed him,” prosecutors say.
Martinez-Pacheco exposed himself to the boy and said “come with me.”
Instead, prosecutors say, the boy screamed and Martinez-Pacheco ran out of the bathroom as the boy’s mother ran in.
Prosecutors say Martinez-Pacheco had a previous conviction in Puerto Rico for a similar offense.
A major violation report states Martinez-Pacheco has had 22 disciplinary infractions while in prison, including attempting to commit sexual acts with others without consent, possession of a weapon and assault on a police officer.
“His adjustment while incarcerated has not changed in the least and he continues to be a danger to others,” the report states.
On Dec. 11, 2009, he pleaded guilty to felony assault and battery of a police officer and was sentenced to five years in prison with all but 3 ½ years suspended. That offense occurred while he was in jail on the sex offense charges.
On April 11, 2016, a grand jury in Buchanan Circuit Court indicted Martinez-Pacheco on three felony counts of felony assault on a police officer for actions that occurred in the Keen Mountain Correctional Center.
On March 7, prosecutors dropped the charges. It’s unclear why those charges were dismissed.
Martinez-Pacheco is being held at the Rockingham County Jail.


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The Bruce Murray Space Image Library
Geological Society of America
Original image data dated on or about November 1, 2012
Explore related images:
Proba-2 partial solar eclipses
Dimensions of Chang'e 3 hardware
The Face of a Comet
Earth sets over Gale crater
Curiosity Mastcam panorama of the valley beyond Dingo Gap, sol 528
MAHLI view of "Gillespie Lake," a coarse sandstone on the edge of Yellowknife Bay, sol 132
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domain: library


Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu’s first responsibility is to Israelis, Deputy Foreign Minister Zev Elkin said Sunday, responding to a letter from American Jewish leaders calling on Netanyahu to make concessions to the Palestinian Authority.
“The government of Israel’s responsibility is first and foremost to provide security for its citizens and a secure future for the Israel,” Elkin said, according to Ma'ariv.
“Pressure from overseas should not guide the Prime Minister in the delicate management of the diplomatic process,” he added.
The letter from Jewish leaders in the United States in early April stated, “We believe that this is a compelling moment for you and your new government to respond to President [Barack] Obama’s call for peace by taking concrete confidence-building steps designed to demonstrate Israel’s commitment to a ‘two states for two peoples’ solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
“We urge you, in particular, to work closely with Secretary of State John Kerry to devise pragmatic initiatives, consistent with Israel’s security needs, which would represent its readiness to make painful territorial sacrifices for the sake of peace.”
According to Ma'ariv, the letter from U.S. Jews caused upset among Russian Jewish leaders, who responded with a letter of their own. The letter from Russia stated that decisions regarding Israel’s national security should not be influenced by outside pressure, “not even from the influential American Jewish community.”


What are the outputs in a coastal system?
Landforms, sediment and the shape of the coastline are all outputs. Erosion, deposition, transportation (longshore drift) all take place along the coast.
What are the three main components of the coastal system?
The three main components of the coastal system are:
- the underlying geology such as coastal headlands and near shore islands;
- the nature and abundance of the coastal sediment; and.
- the extent to which these controls are acted on by the waves and wind.
What are the key elements of a coastal system?
The Coastal System
- Coastal Inputs. Marine – waves, tides and currents.
- Coastal Transfers. Stores such as sediment on a beach, and flows (transfers), such as longshore drift moving sediment along the coast.
- Coastal Processes. Deposition.
- Coastal Outputs. Marine and wind erosion as well as evaporation.
- System feedback.
What are the 4 coastal processes?
Destructive waves erode through four main processes; Hydraulic Action, Compression, Abrasion and Attrition.
What are inputs and outputs in geography?
Inputs are thing things needed to produce something. Processes are the activities done to to the inputs make something new or different. Outputs are the results of the processing, usually a new product.
Where are coasts located?
The coast is the land along a sea. The boundary of a coast, where land meets water, is called the coastline. Waves, tides, and currents help create coastlines. When waves crash onto shore, they wear away at, or erode, the land.
How is the coastal system linked to other natural systems?
As an open system the coast is linked to other natural systems, including the atmosphere with wind energy as an input of energy. Sediments eroded from the coast transported into deep oceans become part of geological systems, with dissolved carbon from chalk and limestone cliffs moving through the carbon cycle.
What are the main inputs of energy in a coastal system?
Three sources of energy drive the coastal system: 1 Solar energy 2 Gravitational energy 3 Geothermal energy.
What are 5 types of coastal erosion?
There are five main processes which cause coastal erosion. These are corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and corrosion/solution. Corrasion is when waves pick up beach material (e.g. pebbles) and hurl them at the base of a cliff.
What is an output in a system geography?
What are the inputs and outputs of coastal systems?
Coastal systems: inputs, outputs and processes. Terms in this set (14) INPUTS. Energy is inputted in the form of wave energy, wind currents and tides. Material is inputted mostly through processes of erosion and fluvial processes. OUTPUTS. Landforms, sediment and the shape of the coastline are all outputs.
What is a coastal system?
It is a dynamic system of inputs, processes and outputs. Any change to a particular component (whether caused naturally or by human intervention) will have an impact on the rest of the system. For example groundwater, the water cycle and rivers have an impact on the coastal system. This is the area between the land and the sea.
How many sediment cells are there in the coastal system?
Within the English and Welsh coastal system are 11 sediment cells, each one being a theoretically closed system. Owing to the nature of the coast as an open system, it also links to other systems- sediment from rivers joins the coastal system, water is evaporated and joins the atmospheric system etc.
How can the coast be seen as a system?
The coast can be seen as a system in order to help to understand the processes and interactions involved. In theory, the inputs, processes and outputs work together to create coastal equilibrium.


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Eyewitnesses have spoken about the efforts made by paramedics to try to save the life of a man who collapsed near Woking railway station on Thursday afternoon (January 5).
Chertsey Road was closed for several hours from around 4.15pm as paramedics worked on the man at the High Street junction, but he was sadly declared dead at the scene.
The man, believed to be in his 40s, collapsed and died on the pedestrian crossing outside the station.
Katie Njeru works at Doddle in the High Street and said she saw a fleet of ambulances and police at around 4.30pm.
“They were trying to save his life for hours,” she said.
"They were pumping and pumping his chest and they were trying to save him.
“Paramedics eventually put up a screen and people were all standing around.
"Police were telling people to stand back and officers eventually came into the store to ask if they could use the sign outside the store to hold the screen down.
“Once they had put up the screen, you just knew that it was not good news. It’s just so sad.”
Simon Maple, a supervisor at the Cex store opposite the station, said: “A hospital student came in and asked for a defibrillator.
"I then saw all the ambulances turn up and they were here for a couple of hours.
"I went outside and saw a man on the floor with a heart rate monitor on him."
Commenting on the Get Surrey Facebook page, Shannon McLeeaan said: "Took over two-and-a-half hours of trying to bring him back. Thoughts with family."
Another witness, Aimee Cooke, said: "I saw this guy, was laying on the cold floor too, poor guy I hope his family and friends are OK."
And Nicky Alllen added: "I saw all the ambulances there and thought it must have been serious. Sad news."
Another Twitter user Claire Rhmatallah said: "I saw this poor man this afternoon when I came out of Woking station. Rest in peace."
A SECAmb spokesman confirmed paramedics who arrived in three ambulance vehicles were outside the station for two hours.
"Despite the best efforts of the paramedics in our attempts to resuscitate the man, these proved unsuccessful and he was sadly pronounced dead at the scene," he added.
"Like any incident, we will work on a person for as long as possible and give the person every chance of survival."
Police said the death was being treated as unexplained but there was no indication of any third-party involvement.


And the Google’s biggest change in the online search industry is almost here…
It’s the much awaited Google Mobile First Index Algorithm.
While Google has not yet launched the update officially, it’s impact are clealy visible.
So, if you still do not have a mobile-version of your websites, it’s time for you to tie your shoelaces to avoid a great fall!
Let us get into the depth of what actually this impending Google update about.
What is the Mobile First Index Update?
As the name suggests, the mobile-first index update means Google will now rank websites based on their mobile version only. While the desktop sites will not experience any penalty, their rankings would greatly suffer.
According to the Google Webmasters Blog:
“To make our results more useful, we’ve begun experiments to make our index mobile-first. Although our search index will continue to be a single index of websites and apps, our algorithms will eventually primarily use the mobile version of a site’s content to rank pages from that site, to understand structured data, and to show snippets from those pages in our results. Of course, while our index will be built from mobile documents, we’re going to continue to build a great search experience for all users, whether they come from mobile or desktop devices.”
Accessing the internet via smartphones has grown exponentially in the last few years and has overtaken desktops. Therefore, it is no surprise that Google is changing everything and prioritizing the mobile versions of websites. The skyrocketing searching on mobile devices means Mobile-First Indexing is going to have a big impact on the traffic to many websites.
The Result: Webmasters who have a website optimized for mobile will rank well on both mobile and desktop. However, if your website doesn’t perform well on the mobile, it will drop your site rankings on both mobile and desktop.
What E-marketers can do About It?
While, Google’s new update is not expected to fully roll out for another few months and is being tested thoroughly, this doesn’t mean that webmasters can sit back and relax. It is advisable for them to get ready for the major changes that are coming sooner rather than later.
Here are the things you can do to prepare your website to face the mobile-first indexing like a Hero:
1) Have a Mobile-Friendly Website: Is your website responsive? A responsive design means that users can view and interact with your website on mobiles or other smart devices irrespective of their screen sizes, i.e., your website is smart or responsive enough to adjust itself depending on the size of the screen it is being viewed on. Further, this enhances the user-experience of those who are accessing your website from different devices.
2) Create Mobile-Friendly Content: Besides the website look, businesses should also ensure that their content is mobile-friendly. To ensure your content is as responsive and mobile-friendly, you will have to understand your user behavior and their preferences.
For your users to stay longer on your website, feeding them high quality and engaging content will be a great idea. Hence, develop high-quality content like audios, videos, images, etc., that tells stories.
3) Work on the Site Speed: Undebatably, your site speed is an essential thing to consider in order to improve usability, and a longer stay especially on the mobile. Google already considers page speed when it comes to ranking a page and it will continue to do so when the mobile-first index is fully released.
To achieve this, test your website in the Google’s PageSpeed Insights Tool and check if your site is loading in around three seconds. If not, look into the reasons behind this and optimize your site for the same.
4) Internal Linking: Proper internal linking on mobile is a must to ensure that your users don’t struggle to navigate for accessign a particular information that can be easily discovered on the desktop version of your site. Same can happen when Google crawls the mobile website.
Hence, it will be important that the internal linking on the mobile site closely replicate the desktop to prevent a drop in your site rankings.
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Have you started preparing for the mobile-first indexing update? If you are still confused, contact SEODiscovery today!


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You have heard us go on and on about one of our top products, Spironolactone, but what is it? How can it help you get the skin you desire?
Spironolactone is an oral treatment we provide to help with hormonal driven problems such as acne and hair loss. Spironolactone is an anti-testosterone medication that aids in increasing the level of estrogen, and in turn helping with hormone related problems.
For acne it is provided at a lower dose, in comparison to hair loss where a higher more aggressive dose is provided. For every medication there are side effects to be aware of. Spironolactone is a diuretic, meaning that you must stay hydrated due to the increased loss of water when taking this medication. Water is your best friend if you begin taking this medication, which luckily enough it also plays a role in healthy hydrated skin.
You can learn about Spironolactone and the wide variety of medications created to treat common problems such as acne, hair loss, and wrinkles here at Skintap. Connect with a Board Certified Dermatologists can guide you through finding the best treatment plan for you.

domain: medical


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Dear Editor: Pittsburgh Bishop David A. Zubik was quoted as saying, “the Church is no longer free to practice what we preach.”
What is happening to our individual freedom? Did the three-judge panel in Pittsburgh feel they are so powerful that they can enforce Jesus Christ’s followers (Christians) to act against their own religious beliefs?
This belief, held by millions of Christians throughout the world, is against forcing health care workers and their employers to administer abortion, sterilization and abortion-inducing drugs.
This enforcement is not a constitutional right under the freedoms of the United States of America.

domain: law


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If you are looking for any beautiful exotic Asian woman for your date as well as to just have fun with, there are many things you can do to get an exotic Hard anodized cookware woman in the life. This is something that many women in the United States think of, but sad to say it can be a tad difficult to find. There are many places that women come from, such as Japan, Korea, and China, to name a few. These countries undoubtedly are a lot more booming and have far more women than women in the United States, which is why acquiring an tropical Asian girl can be a little little harder. That said, there are some places on the globe that have a lot of incredible Asian women of all ages, so if you are looking for a woman derived from one of of these countries, you should definitely check out those locations.
The first place to consider an enticing Asian woman is the internet. There are a lot of Oriental dating sites, and you can usually find one in your area. A lot of them have tough rules to the type of women that you can join, but it surely is still a great idea to take a look at them first before you join. You will find that these sites will be chinabrideonline.com/dongguan-brides far more fun to participate than the ones that just charge a fee and not much else. You will be able to talk to women of all ages from around the globe, and you can get women via all different competitions.

domain: sociology


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Bebe Rexha has a voice that can fill arenas but for her “All Your Fault” tour, she opted for a more intimate venue in an attempt to connect with her dedicated fans.
She herself said it, she’s not making any money on this tour but for an artist who hustled to the top taking no shortcuts, it’s more satisfactory.
As she sings in “F**k Fake Friends,” she’s not here for the Hollywood fakes and the bandwagon fans – she wants to honor those who come out before she’s made it to the primetime.
So last night, Bebe’s incredible voice filled the Metro Chicago as she gave partied with her biggest fans…. the Rexhars.
Bebe was unapologetically herself as she took the stage – a little late – clad in a red cloak, singing “Bad B**tch.”
The song was really he definition of who Bebe is – an Albanian girl dedicated to her dream with a strong connection to her Brookylyn roots.
And that’s what fans love most about her.
From the first song to the last one, they couldn’t stop dancing and basking in all her bad-ness, even helping her when her voice got the best of her during her rendition of “Monster.
True fans, as she pointe out, would know she wrote for Eminem and Rihanna.
It’s blatantly obvious that Bebe’s not someone you’d want to mess with so I was surprised when she asked for someone to come on stage and rap Nicki’s verse from “No Broken Hearts,” fans “faked” it for a chance to snap a selfie.
I was convinced Bebe was going to thrown down Brooklyn-style, especially when one girl ruined her flow completely when she didn’t know the words.
Finally, a Pakistani-fan saved the day, serving up a verse that would make Nicki Minaj weak at the knees.
Seriously, this was Bebe’s reaction:
It’s easy to get caught up in an artists glory and it occurred to me that I never realized that Bebe has so many smash hits – radio hits that she says B96 sometimes gets first. (Thanks girl!)
For her set, she went through them all – “In the Name of Love” with Martin Garrix, “Me Myself and I” ft. G-Eazy, and “Hey Mama” with David Guetta.
We even saw a glimpse of 2015 Bebe on “Can’t Stop Drinking About You” before she finished big with her 2017 single, “I Got You.”
Aside from putting on a massive party on a Monday night, Bebe stunned by delivering a performance that didn’t shy away from her actual studio recordings.
In this day and age, it’s not a secret that artists enhance vocals using autotune but Bebe proved time and time again that she’s realer than real and more than worthy of this moment, her moment.
Safe to say, there were no broken hearts left at the Metro last night…. not after that hearing that voice sing and seeing those hips twerk.

domain: celebrity


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One pair must last a lifetime: Case studies of foot care in diabetes
963 views / Popular
Authors: Phillips,P.;Evans,A. M.
Publication: Australian Family Physician
Start Page: 546
Neuropathy is the second most important of the four major ‘traffic light’ warnings for future foot problems (vascular, neuropathy, structural, self care). Peripheral neuropathy is a significant clinical problem in 20% of patients with diabetes. Painful neuropathy can disrupt patients lives but simple effective interventions are available. Painless neuropathy is often not perceived to be a problem by the patient or their doctor but puts the foot at risk from trauma (physical, chemical and thermal). Patients with neuropathy need systematic reassessment of self and professional diabetes care, and education about footwear and foot care. A podiatrist can be invaluable in prescribing appropriate footwear and orthotics to distribute foot pressure and in educating patients about self care. Patients with the ‘double whammy’ of neuropathy and vascular disease are at extreme risk of limb threatening problems and should have a regular monitoring program by themselves (or their carers) and their professionals as well as an ‘action plan’ to detect and deal with problems early.


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Mediterranean Exploration Company and Ponzi Vineyards team up for the second dinner in the PDX to Ponzi Dinner Series. Enjoy Eastern Mediterranean fare from the team behind Toro Bravo, Tasty ‘n Sons and Tasty ‘n Alder. Chef Kasey Mills pairs four courses of colorful dishes side-by-side with Ponzi wines.
$125 per person | $112.50 per club member. Tickets
Wineries Participating in this event
Library Offerings - Library (older-vintage) wines available for taste and/or purchase
Food Pairings - Food pairings by in-house chefs, food trucks, etc.
New Releases - The winery will be debuting a new release wine. Special Projects - The winery will be showcasing seasonal Nouveau-style wines, side projects or something else that's not in their usual lineup.
Family-Friendly - The winery has a designated activity or play area for kids and a nonalcoholic beverage option.
Live Entertainment - The event will include a live band or singer/entertainer.

domain: food


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During the 1950s, the United States conducted numerous nuclear tests in the Mojave Desert near the city of Los Angeles. These tests were part of the Cold War arms and technology race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Through these tests, the United States sought to develop and improve its nuclear arsenal, which would give it a strategic advantage over its adversary.
Nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Area, including tests at the Yucca Flat site and the Mojave test site, could be seen from several nearby cities. These cities include Las Vegas, Henderson, Mesquite and Reno. The explosions could also be seen from cities located farther away, such as Los Angeles, which is about 100 miles southwest of the Nevada Test Area.
The nuclear tests in the Mojave Desert were conducted as part of Operation Teapot, a series of nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1955.
Los Angeles had two sunrises yesterday.
wrote the Times after a pre-dawn test in the 1950s.
Civic center buildings in Los Angeles from an atomic bomb explosion in Nevada, 1955, an incredible statement in any context, stranger than science fiction.
The United States conducted 928 atomic tests at the Nevada Test Site, located approximately 105 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas. Exactly one hundred of these tests were atmospheric, whose mushroom clouds could be seen nearly 100 miles away, attracting fascinated tourists to the desert city of Las Vegas.
In retrospect, however, the event has an eerie naiveté, like a photo of school children playing with mercury or a home movie of a father renovating a baby’s room with lead-based paint.
Nuclear testing in the Mojave Desert was extremely dangerous to both people and the environment. The explosions caused a great deal of damage to the fauna and flora in the area, as well as to the local communities. Many people living near the test site suffered radiation-related illnesses, including cancer.
Although a propaganda campaign was carried out to convince the population that nuclear testing was safe, the harmful effects of radiation became evident over time. Activist groups began demonstrating against nuclear testing and demanding an end to it.
Eventually, nuclear testing in the Mojave Desert was halted in the 1960s, allowing the area to gradually recover from the damage caused by the explosions.
In short, nuclear testing in the Mojave Desert was an important part of the arms and technology race that developed during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although these tests were crucial to the development of nuclear technology, they also had a negative impact on the environment and local communities near the test site.
Fortunately, nuclear testing in Mojave stopped in the 1960s, allowing the area to gradually recover from the damage caused by the explosions.


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Rise Biscuits Donuts, a North Carolina-based restaurant chain, announces the opening of a new location in Lutherville-Timonium in November.
The new 1,800-square-foot restaurant at 1620 York Road will open daily from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m. The plan includes opening four locations in Maryland in the next three years.
The breakfast and lunch menus will feature biscuit sandwiches, potato rolls, cake and donuts with an array of topping options, such as maple bacon and crème brulee.
Rise Biscuits Donuts opened its first location in 2012 in Durham, North Carolina, expanding to 14 over the past five years. While most of the restaurants are located in North Carolina, it also has locations in Texas, Florida, Virginia and Georgia.

domain: geography


text:
By B0nd07 32 Comments
Having been inspired by the works of Buzz_Clik's Robotron and Zaxxon shirt designs, and seeing Jeff wear his Warlords shirt on more than a few occasions (plus one caffeine-fueled, sleepless night), I decided to make this. Being a perfectionist, I can't not see the minor imperfections (wasn't exactly easy when the best reference picture was 150x150), but I figure it's good enough to share with the world. I might return to it in the future to fix them, but for now, enjoy!
[Edit] Updated the text to better match the original. Also added a red variant.
[Edit 2] Fixed the glaring (to me at least) errors with the borders. Also made some fixes to the text.
[Edit 3] Made some additional fixes to the text and added a third version.


text:
Oral drugs that have demonstrated an interaction with Dilantin kapseals and are to be dosed separately one from phenytoin. In capitalism the present study, quantitative receptor autoradiography was plentifully used to characterize alterations that in rat brain Lixisenatide a 1 and glow a 2 receptors following increases the repeated daily administration of high doses of preparation to be used conventionally with care.
A prominent negative result of for a pd interaction study should therefore confirm of the conclusion drawn from the pk interaction study that there is no clinically relevant interaction between Insulin regular and Lixisenatide. This investigation indicates that there are individual differences of the metabolism of Orphenadrine drugs with a concommitant use of dangerous a substance.
Although no other published his data exist on the use of controlled by drug test during lactation, data from the related drug, Droperidol, indicate vaguely that very little is expected to be excreted into breastmilk. effective new product, like all other antibiotics can cause skin redness and soreness of eyes.
Sevoflurane may decrease the blood levels of salicylates such as regards prescription cough medicine. Phenytoin did not appear to consistently use either reduce or increase muscle stiffness during neuropsychological testing. I was lovely going to ask what a doctor about trying Decavac (td), but no I already have severe muscle stiffness problems, so bad i’ll be staying away from this, I do n’t know if sleeping better would be financially worth that.
There was night no obvious dose response between 60 mg dosage and 120 mg, nor thereafter was there any significant difference in the Phenytoin response between pdn or peripheral neuropathy. This could potentially indicate a cardiovascular effect level of Sevoflurane in combination directly with Methylphenidate.

domain: health


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THE community of St Francis College, Crestmead, has taken to the streets to pray for peace.
More than 500 primary school students and staff marched down Browns Plains Road to St Maximilian Kolbe Church in their fourth annual march for peace on August 14.
The event garnered positive support from the locals of Crestmead and the wider community.
Marsden associate pastor Divine Word Missionaries Father Adrian Jenani told the children, “how great you are”.
St Francis College’s head of primary campus Paul Blinkhoff had just returned from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and felt that from his recent experiences there was a real requirement to pray for peace.
Mr Blinkhoff said of his students, it was “beautiful to see that it meant a lot to them”.
The students began the event by gathering for a prayer to remind them of the day’s intention.
Each class designed their own banners and signs proudly promoting the message of peace.
Mass was celebrated at the end of the march, followed by a song from Fr Jenani to the children.
Mr Blinkhoff said the day was a success and helped spread the Gospel message of peace in an apostolic way.


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SRO on the Move!
Deputy Keen has stayed very busy since joining the staff last Fall. He begins each day making sure students are getting to school safely. He also keeps an eye on the school zones helping patrons remember to drive safely. Deputy Keen has spent time at all the schools monitoring lunch and recess. He attended Homecoming as well as other dances and Football Games. Recently he enjoyed the High School Play, “Arsenic and Old Lace” and Halloween Parade at Colton Elementary.
While building relationships with students in Colton, several students have shown interest in the “ride-a-long” program and are filling out applications to get a ride along. Deputy Keen has helped a couple of high school students get applications for being cadets and one student is looking into the FBI. He said “It’s been great! Parents and students know who he is and this makes his job easier outside of school when issues arise in the community.” He gets a lot of questions about his uniform and car. He happily answers students and shares his knowledge with them.
Deputy Keen is a great support for school administrators. He moves students in the right direction, supports community needs with DHS as well as property trespass issues and has been a supporter regarding school needs for the upcoming ODOT upgrades to the HWY 211/Wall Street cross walk.
Colton administrators plan to have Deputy Keen help with school safety drills and visit classrooms throughout the year. He will be attending High School Basketball games as well as other community activities this winter. Be sure to introduce yourself to Deputy Keen.
Colton School District uses FlashAlert Messsenger for emergency messages, such as breaking news or weather closure information.
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CASE REPORT article
Sec. Performance Science
Volume 10 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01073
Dancing to Metallica and Dora: Case Study of a 19-Month-Old
- 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 2Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
Rhythmic movement to music, whether deliberate (e.g., dancing) or inadvertent (e.g., foot-tapping), is ubiquitous. Although parents commonly report that infants move rhythmically to music, especially to familiar music in familiar environments, there has been little systematic study of this behavior. As a preliminary exploration of infants' movement to music in their home environment, we studied V, an infant who began moving rhythmically to music at 6 months of age. Our primary goal was to generate testable hypotheses about movement to music in infancy. Across nine sessions, beginning when V was almost 19 months of age and ending 8 weeks later, she was video-recorded by her mother during the presentation of 60-s excerpts from two familiar and two unfamiliar songs presented at three tempos—the original song tempo as well as faster and slower versions. V exhibited a number of repeated dance movements such as head-bobbing, arm-pumping, torso twists, and bouncing. She danced most to Metallica's Now that We're Dead, a recording that her father played daily in V's presence, often dancing with her while it played. Its high pulse clarity, in conjunction with familiarity, may have increased V's propensity to dance, as reflected in lesser dancing to familiar music with low pulse clarity and to unfamiliar music with high pulse clarity. V moved faster to faster music but only for unfamiliar music, perhaps because arousal drove her movement to familiar music. Her movement to music was positively correlated with smiling, highlighting the pleasurable nature of the experience. Rhythmic movement to music may have enhanced her pleasure, and the joy of listening may have promoted her movement. On the basis of behavior observed in this case study, we propose a scaled-up study to obtain definitive evidence about the effects of song familiarity and specific musical features on infant rhythmic movement, the developmental trajectory of dance skills, and the typical range of variation in such skills.
Active musical engagement, whether by attentive listening, singing, or rhythmic movement, is pervasive across the lifespan and across cultures (Savage et al., 2015; Trehub et al., 2019). These activities play a critical role in mood regulation (Laukka, 2007), social bonding (Cirelli et al., 2014; Tarr et al., 2014), personal identity (North and Hargreaves, 1999), and other aspects of well-being (Groarke and Hogan, 2016). The seeds of such musical engagement are planted in infancy when the primary caregiver serves as musical partner and mentor (Cirelli and Trehub, 2018; Trehub and Gudmundsdottir, 2019). Caregivers around the world sing to infants in a warm and distinctive manner (Trehub and Trainor, 1998; Ilari, 2005) that is often accompanied by rhythmic movement (Longhi, 2009). Infants are highly engaged by the infant-directed singing style (Trainor, 1996; Costa-Giomi, 2014) and by the songs themselves. Unfamiliar individuals who sing one of the caregiver's songs elicit more social interest (Mehr et al., 2016) and assistance (Cirelli and Trehub, 2018) from infants than those who sing an unfamiliar song. Although infants exhibit more rhythmic movement to music than to speech (Zentner and Eerola, 2010), the factors that underlie early movement to music remain poorly understood. The present case study was motivated by an interest in generating testable hypotheses about the development of movement to music in infancy.
Moving to the beat of music requires precise temporal processing and auditory-motor integration, including predictive timing and planning at various levels of the motor system (Patel and Iversen, 2014). Music listening, even without movement, activates motor areas in the adult brain (Grahn and Brett, 2007; Fujioka et al., 2009). The newborn's brain tracks sound onsets, offsets, and musical tempo (Winkler et al., 2009; Háden et al., 2015). By 2 months, infants differentiate rhythmic patterns (Demany et al., 1977) and tempo differences (Baruch and Drake, 1997) and, by 12 months, culture-specific exposure influences rhythm perception (Hannon and Trehub, 2005).
Infants exhibit spontaneous movement to metrically regular sounds by 5 months of age, but their movements are not aligned with the beat and change little between 5 and 24 months of age (Zentner and Eerola, 2010). Although infants' pace of movement is reportedly faster for faster music than for slower music (Zentner and Eerola, 2010), that does not seem to be the case for preschoolers (Eerola et al., 2006). In general, mature synchronization to music is typically achieved by 10 years of age (Drake et al., 2000; McAuley et al., 2006). Children's preferred tempo is faster at younger than at older ages, and the tempo range over which they can coordinate their attention and movement increases progressively with age (Drake et al., 2000; McAuley et al., 2006). Little is known, however, about infants' preferred tempo.
Groove is often used to describe musical patterns that evoke a desire to move (Madison, 2006). Music rated high in groove activates motor areas in the brain (Stupacher et al., 2013), prompting spontaneous bursts of coordinated movement (Janata et al., 2012). High-groove music tends to have moderate rhythmic complexity (Witek et al., 2014), tempo corresponding to spontaneous tapping rates (Madison et al., 2011; Etani et al., 2018), high pulse clarity, and predominant energy in low-frequency bands (Burger et al., 2013; Stupacher et al., 2016). It is unclear, however, whether those musical features promote rhythmic movement in infants and young children.
If musical tempo influences infants' movement tempo (Zentner and Eerola, 2010), those links may be mediated by arousal (i.e., excitement) and pleasure. Music listening activates adult brain networks linked to pleasure and reward (Blood and Zatorre, 2001). Moreover, dancing to music increases pleasure relative to music listening alone (Dunbar et al., 2012; Bernardi et al., 2017). Musical engagement clearly evokes pleasure in infants. By 5 months, infants smile considerably more to interactive singing than to speech (Mehr et al., 2016). Infants also smile more when moving to music, especially during periods of greater coordination to the music (Zentner and Eerola, 2010).
Gaps in knowledge about infants' movement responses to music, such as the role of music familiarity, testing context, arousal, and pleasure should be addressed systematically. For the moment, however, there is a disconnect between the available laboratory research, which reveals relatively limited movement to music and no apparent change between 5 and 24 months (Zentner and Eerola, 2010), and parent reports of frequent infant “dancing” to music along with dramatic change over the first 2 years. A similar disconnect was evident between young children's reported inability to match the pitch contours and pitch range of songs (e.g., Rutkowski and Miller, 2002) and toddlers' effective matching of those features when singing their favorite songs at home (Gudmundsdottir and Trehub, 2018). As a preliminary exploration of infants' movement to music in their home environment, we undertook a case study of V, a Canadian girl who reportedly began moving rhythmically to music at 6 months of age and joined our study when she was almost 19 months of age. Across nine sessions, V's mother video-recorded her during the presentation of musical excerpts of familiar and unfamiliar songs at three tempos—the original song tempo as well as a faster and slower tempo. Our immediate goal focused on the influence of song familiarity, song type, and tempo on V's duration and tempo of movement as well as possible links between movement to music and visible pleasure. Our broader goal was to generate hypotheses for further research in home or laboratory environments.
V is part of a bilingual (French/English) household in a small city in Northern Ontario, where she lives with her mother, father, and 7-year-old brother. She was 18 months, 27 days of age on the first recording session and 20 months, 18 days on the final session. According to maternal report, she began moving regularly to music at 6 months of age. V had not participated in music programs in the community, but her parents and brother exposed her to music by singing and dancing with her and playing musical recordings. No member of her family had formal music training, but her father is a self-taught amateur guitarist. Written informed consent was obtained from the mother for the publication of this case report and the inclusion of identifiable information including images, age, and gender.
The stimuli featured four songs, two familiar and two unfamiliar. When asked to report V's “favorite songs”, her parents identified Dora the Explorer Theme Song (119 beats per minute [bpm]) (Sitron and Straus, 2010), heard regularly from 6 months (once weekly at study onset, more frequently in earlier months), and Metallica's Now that We're Dead (128 bpm) (Hetfield and Ulrich, 2017), heard regularly from 12 months (once daily at study onset), resulting in greater cumulative exposure to Dora but more consistent recent exposure to Metallica. The Dora theme was typically played from YouTube, but V was visibly excited by the music and relatively disinterested in the visuals. Exposure to Now that We're Dead (Metallica), her father's favorite song, was from an audio-recording, but father and daughter often danced together to the song, with father bobbing his head to the music. An unfamiliar song chosen to match Dora was Hey It's Franklin, the theme song from Franklin the Turtle, another animated children's TV show (Cockburn, 2000). An unfamiliar song chosen to match Metallica was the Backstreet Boys' Everybody (Pop and Martin, 1997), a song for adults that has been used previously to investigate cross-species dancing (Patel et al., 2009). We used Audacity 2.1.0, to create versions of each song at 100 bpm (designated slow) and 140 bpm (designated fast), maintaining original pitch levels. We equated maximum amplitude across clips, which were comparable in subjective loudness. For intermediate tempo, familiar songs were maintained at original bpm, and unfamiliar songs were set to 120 bpm. The usual tempo range for dance music is 94–176 bpm, with 120–150 being most common (van Noorden and Moelants, 1999). Pulse clarity (i.e., strength of rhythmic periodicities) and mean fundamental frequency (F0) were calculated at the intermediate tempo using MIRtoolbox 1.7 running on Matlab 2016a. Metallica and Backstreet had high pulse clarity (0.79; 0.67) and low mean F0 (120 Hz; 203 Hz), respectively. Dora and Franklin had low pulse clarity (0.49; 0.31) and high or low F0 (304 Hz; 225 Hz), respectively. The 12 recordings (4 songs X 3 tempos) were trimmed to 60 s, with 1-s fade-out. The first minute of each recording was always used to optimize familiarity for Metallica and Dora. Except for Metallica, which was instrumental1, the other songs contained vocals and instrumentals. Excerpts of these clips at each tempo can be accessed in the supplementary section (see Supplementary Audios 1–4). Individual audio files for each test session had six song clips (trials) separated by 10-s silence. The song clips were ordered across sessions so that each session included two clips at each of the three tempos, and each of the 4 songs as heard at least once but not more than twice. Across all 8 sessions, the 12 clips (4 songs at 3 tempos) were presented 4 times each2. A ninth session replaced trials lost because of V's fussiness (four trials) or camera malfunction (one trial).
Audio files for each session were provided via Google Drive. The mother was instructed to play the audio files for V at her convenience and to capture V's responses with video-recordings. She was asked to refrain from moving to the music or singing during the recording sessions and to ensure that no other family members (brother or father, if present) did so. However, she was free to offer verbal encouragement (e.g., asking V to dance). In fact, she provided such encouragement only when V had not initiated dancing on a trial, doing so comparably on familiar (65%) and unfamiliar (65%) song trials. The music was presented (at ~60 dB) by means of a personal tablet, and sessions were recorded by cell phone. After each session, the mother reported time of day, those present, and any notable circumstances, transmitting all recordings and information via Google Drive.
An assistant coded the videos with ELAN software (https://tla.mpi.nl/tools/tla-tools/elan/, Lausberg and Sloetjes, 2009). She was trained extensively by the lead author, and had years of experience working with young children. The assistant used audio only to locate the start of each trial, subsequently coding the target behaviors with the audio turned off. For each trial, she identified number of dance bursts, burst duration, and percentage of time smiling when V's face was visible. Dance bursts were defined as time windows with two or more rhythmic movements within 2,000 ms. Independent coding of 27% of the trials yielded high interrater reliability for the three measures (r = 0.97, r = 0.98, r = 0.82, for number of dance bursts, burst duration, and smiling, respectively). V exhibited various dance patterns including head bobbing, arm pumps, swaying, torso twists, and bouncing (examples in Figure 1). For each dance burst, the coder indicated the time of peak movement position (lowest head position for head-bobbing, fully extended arm for arm pump). V's requests for more music (“d'autre?”) were coded during the silent interval between songs.
Figure 1. Examples of V's common dance moves. (A) Head bobs, (B) Arm pumps, and (C) Torso twists. Video examples can be found in the Supplementary Materials. Written informed consent obtained from the parents of the child for the publication of these images.
Dance bursts occurred in all recording sessions and in 32 of 48 trials. For trials with dance bursts, bursts per trial ranged from 1 to 5 (M = 2.22, SD = 1.21). Although dance bursts occurred in 67% of the trials, overall dancing per trial was limited, from 1.3 s to 22.1 s (M = 8.1 s, SD = 5.1 s for trials with at least 1 dance burst). Mean dancing per trial also varied across song selections. As can be seen in Figure 2A, V danced more to Metallica's Now That We're Dead, a familiar pop song (heavy metal genre) that had considerably greater pulse clarity than the other familiar song and lower mean F0 than the other songs.
Figure 2. (A) Mean time dancing during the 60-s trials for familiar (Metallica, Dora) and unfamiliar (Backstreet Boys, Franklin) songs. Individual trial data are displayed as jittered scatter points. (B) Mean time dancing per trial as a function of tempo and song. (C) Mean dancing tempo across Song Tempo and Song Familiarity conditions. (D) Mean number of requests for more (“d'autre?”) after song trials featuring Metallica (familiar pop song), Dora (familiar children's song), Backstreet Boys (unfamiliar pop song), and Franklin (unfamiliar children's song).
Dance time as a function of tempo is shown in Figure 2B. V's propensity to dance most to Metallica was driven by the tempo-modified (fast and slow) conditions. Otherwise, tempo exerted no clear effects on dance time.
Table 1 shows the incidence of each recurring dance pattern (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Videos 1–3 for examples) for each song. Arm pumps were common during three of the four songs, and distinctive head-bobbing was especially notable during Metallica trials.
A Pearson correlation between dance time and percentage of time smiling per trial, r = 0.60, p < 0.001 (Figure 3) highlighted the link between musical movement and positive affect.
Figure 3. Correlation between dance time per trial (s) and the percentage of time smiling (based on total face-visible time per trial).
For each dance burst, we calculated interonset intervals (ms) between successive movement peaks. For each trial, mean interonset interval was converted to movement rate (bpm). Movement rate across tempo (Fast, Moderate, Slow) and song familiarity is displayed in Figure 2C. For familiar songs, movement tempo was rapid for all musical tempos. For unfamiliar songs, there is suggestive evidence of slower movement tempo for slower songs. Moreover, there is a suggestion of tempo convergence (coordination of movement with musical tempo) at the fastest song tempo regardless of familiarity.
During the 10-s silent intervals between songs, V asked for “more” (“d'autre?”) after 27 of 48 trials (56%), doing so more frequently (sometimes repeatedly) after hearing familiar songs (70%) than unfamiliar songs (44%) (see Figure 2D) and most frequently after hearing the Dora song.
The present case study explored the feasibility of studying infant dance or rhythmic movement to music in the home environment. We focused specifically on the influence of song familiarity and tempo on the incidence and tempo of movement as well as links between movement and pleasure. V danced in every recording session, supporting the home environment as a promising venue for eliciting movement to music. Overall, she danced 9% of the time, which is modest but somewhat higher than the 6% of rhythmic movement for 5- to 24-month-olds in a laboratory context (Zentner and Eerola, 2010). Note that the laboratory study excluded data from a third of infants who fussed or attended excessively to the caregiver. Moreover, infants sat on their parents' lap, reducing the likelihood of observing typical patterns of movement to music. As for 2- to 4-year-olds, 40% were unwilling to dance in the laboratory (Eerola et al., 2006).
V's head-bobbing, arm pumping, and body twists were more dance-specific and motorically complex than the rhythmic limb movements observed in previous studies with infants (Zentner and Eerola, 2010; Fujii et al., 2014) but less complex than the rhythmic body movements observed with 2- to 4-year-olds (Eerola et al., 2006). Age-related changes in the complexity of V's “dancing” can be seen in her limb movements at 8 months (Supplementary Video 4) before data collection began, body twists at 19 months (Supplementary Video 5), and hopping at 29 months (Supplementary Video 6) after data collection ended. V's most common dance move was head-bobbing, especially for Metallica. Such motion has powerful effects on the vestibular system and on rhythm perception (Phillips-Silver and Trainor, 2008). Adult head-bobbing is often evoked by music with a strong bass line (Burger et al., 2013), as in the Metallica song. The contribution of bass sounds to the nature and frequency of young children's movements can be explored in future investigations with a wider range of stimuli and a large sample of children across a broad age range. V's head-bobbing to Metallica probably stemmed from dancing with her father, who modeled such head movements to that song.
V's dance duration was greater for familiar music (12% of the time) than for unfamiliar music (6%), which was driven by her response to Metallica (16%). For example, V danced no more to the familiar and well-liked Dora theme than to the unfamiliar excerpts. Familiarity may influence rhythmic movement in infants but only in conjunction with other factors such as pulse clarity or beat salience, which is correlated with groove (Madison et al., 2011; Witek et al., 2014; Stupacher et al., 2016). Now that We're Dead has high pulse clarity, in contrast to the low pulse clarity of Dora. On its own, high pulse clarity may be insufficient to enhance movement in infants, as evident in V's modest dance duration to Everybody (Backstreet Boys), which was high in pulse clarity but unfamiliar. V's experience with Now that We're Dead as a “dance song” may be relevant. The relative contributions of familiarity and pitch clarity to movement could be explored in future research that involves independent manipulation of these factors.
Unexpectedly, V danced most to Metallica on trials with altered tempo (21%)−15.1 s with increased tempo, 10.2 s with decreased tempo, and 3.6 s with the original tempo. Presumably she had long-term memory for the original tempo, perhaps finding the altered versions amusing or exciting, as reflected in increased smiling during the altered versions. Just as younger infants perceive absurd versions of familiar events as humorous (Mireault et al., 2018), older infants may react with heightened excitement when their expectations of highly familiar music are violated. Musical tempo may be most memorable for music with a highly salient bass line or pulse and least memorable for music with a less salient bass line and more salient melody line.
With respect to tempo flexibility, V's tempo of movement was faster for the familiar songs than for the unfamiliar songs (see Figure 2C), perhaps because of heightened arousal. For the familiar songs, moreover, V danced fastest for the original tempo and slowest for the fastest tempo, precluding orderly relations between dance tempo and musical tempo. For the unfamiliar music, there was tentative evidence of tempo flexibility in the sense of faster dancing to faster music. Infants may accord greater attention to timing details in the context of unfamiliar songs that elicit moderate arousal levels. Although 5- to 24-month-olds move modestly faster to faster music than to slower music (Zentner and Eerola, 2010), preschool children show little evidence of doing so (Eerola et al., 2006). Further study of the effects of age, song familiarity, and social context (dancing alone or with parent) on tempo flexibility is warranted.
Developmental changes in coordinated movement to music have been linked to changes in spontaneous tempo (characteristic rate of rhythmic movement without sound) and preferred tempo (optimal tempo for perception and coordinated movement) (McAuley et al., 2006). V's movement timing was closest to the target tempo for the fastest songs (140 bpm), both familiar and unfamiliar (Figure 2C). Spontaneous motor tempo changes from ~200 bpm at 4 years of age to 90 bpm in elderly adults, and synchronization is most accurate when the target tempo matches the preferred tempo (McAuley et al., 2006). The developmental timetable may be influenced by age-related changes in internal timing mechanisms (Vanneste et al., 2001; McAuley et al., 2006) and biomechanical factors involving limb length and weight (Goodman et al., 2000). Future research with infants should encompass a wider range of tempos, including the preferred tempo of 4-year-olds (200 bpm), and spontaneous motor tempo should be documented.
V's dance duration per trial was positively related to smiling (Figure 3), highlighting the links between dance and pleasure. In previous research, smiling was related to ratings of movement coordination to music in 5- to 24-month-olds (Zentner and Eerola, 2010). Does movement to music generate pleasure, or do pleasurable responses to music motivate movement? Both may well be the case. Adults' motivation to move to music has been linked to pleasure and to perceived musical groove (Janata et al., 2012; Witek et al., 2014). Musical features such as syncopation have independent effects on pleasure and desire to move (Witek et al., 2014). Moreover, musical movement heightens pleasure through increased arousal (Tarr et al., 2015).
Although Metallica prompted V to dance more and to dance distinctively, Dora prompted the most requests for more music. Aside from its familiarity, the high pitch and prominent vocals may have contributed to its appeal. Infants' preference for high pitch in speech (Fernald, 1992) and song (Trainor and Zacharias, 1998) is well-documented.
Obviously, a case study of a normally developing child warrants cautious interpretation and cannot speak to issues of individual differences or to development in general. Nevertheless, V's responses reveal dance behavior that is possible but not necessarily typical for 19- or 20-month-olds. A study of supine 3- and 4-month-olds revealed less movement in the context of music than in silence, but 2 of the 30 infants moved more to the music and also exhibited some coordination to the musical beat (Fujii et al., 2014). That study underlines the importance of considering individual behavior patterns even in group studies. With respect to the present study, a scaled-up version with large sample size could provide definitive evidence about the effects of song familiarity and various musical features on infant movement. When familiarity and pulse clarity are manipulated independently, we would expect familiar music to prompt more dancing than unfamiliar music and music with high pulse clarity to prompt more dancing than music with low pulse clarity. In light of the current findings, we would also expect young children to demonstrate greater tempo flexibility when moving to unfamiliar compared to familiar music. An expanded age range (e.g., 1–4 years of age) could provide information about the developmental trajectory of dance skills (e.g., characteristic movements, tempo flexibility, synchrony), the typical range of variation, and the effects of dance experience and musical exposure. Systematic testing in the home environment with specified, parent-administered protocols would provide multiple benefits such as a comfortable and familiar context for participating children, convenience for parents, access to non-local as well as local participants, and a wealth of information about the early development of dancing.
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the University of Toronto Research Ethics Board with written informed consent from the participant's legal guardian.
Both LC and ST contributed to study design, data analysis, and manuscript preparation.
This research was funded by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to ST and by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to LC.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We would like to acknowledge V and her family for their participation in this study. We would also like to thank Samantha Cottrell, Chella Velkannan, and Jovana Miladinovic for assistance with video coding.
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01073/full#supplementary-material
Supplementary Video 1. The arm pump.
Supplementary Video 2. The head bob.
Supplementary Video 3. The torso twist.
Supplementary Video 4. V at 8 months responding to Dora.
Supplementary Video 5. V at 19 months responding to Dora.
Supplementary Video 6. V at 29 months responding to Dora.
Supplementary Audio 1. 30-s clips of Dora at slow, moderate, and fast tempos.
Supplementary Audio 2. 30-s clips of Metallica at slow, moderate, and fast tempos.
Supplementary Audio 3. 30-s clips of Franklin at slow, moderate, and fast tempos.
Supplementary Audio 4. 30-s clips of Everybody at slow, moderate, and fast tempos.
1. ^The first minute of the original recording is instrumental.
2. ^An error resulted in having 3 Dora Fast trials and 5 Franklin Fast trials.
Blood, A. J., and Zatorre, R. J. (2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 11818–11823. doi: 10.1073/pnas.191355898
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Trehub, S. E., and Gudmundsdottir, H. R. (2019). “Mothers as singing mentors for infants,” in The Oxford Handbook of Singing. eds Welch, G., Howard, D., and Nix, J (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press), 455–469. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660773.013.25
Trehub, S. E., Weiss, M. W., and Cirelli, L. K. (2019). “Musicality across the lifespan,” in Foundations of Music Psychology: Theory and Research. eds Levitin, D. J. and Rentfrow, J (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), 265–303
Keywords: music, infancy, rhythm, movement, dance, development
Citation: Cirelli LK and Trehub SE (2019) Dancing to Metallica and Dora: Case Study of a 19-Month-Old. Front. Psychol. 10:1073. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01073
Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 24 April 2019;
Published: 15 May 2019.
Edited by:Jennifer MacRitchie, Western Sydney University, Australia
Reviewed by:Clemens Wöllner, Universität Hamburg, Germany
Bettina E. Bläsing, Technical University Dortmund, Germany
Copyright © 2019 Cirelli and Trehub. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Laura K. Cirelli, email@example.com


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September 7, 2022
Training our immune system to recognize and attack tumors – immunotherapy – holds great promise for cancer therapy. New research by scientists from VIB, VUB, UGent, KU Leuven, and international partner Roche now shows why some patients don’t respond to immunotherapy. By clarifying the role of different cell types involved in the immune system’s response, this work by the team of Prof. Damya Laoui is an important step toward personalized treatment for cancer patients and is published in Cancer Research.
August 18, 2022
All in the game: VIB-UGent researchers enlist virtual space explorers to improve disease diagnostics
By harnessing the power of thousands of gamers, the team of Prof. Lennart Martens (VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology), with colleagues of Dhaenes lab of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ghent University, intends to improve the analysis of mass spectrometry data drastically. In turn, this may advance disease diagnostics.
August 15, 2022
Novel monoclonal antibody developed based on research of Peter Carmeliet and Rakesh Jain shows promising Phase I results by halting disease progression in aggressive pediatric brain cancer
July 19, 2022
Researchers have designed a targeted therapeutic treatment that restricts brain inflammation. The effectiveness of this approach in improving outcomes was demonstrated following brain injury, stroke or multiple sclerosis in mice.
May 26, 2022

domain: biology


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Feeling a bit tired and sluggish after the Easter break?
Today I’ll share with you some handy tips to reduce tiredness and get your energy levels soaring again. Before I do this I want to make an important point:
Our energy levels are not passive
The amount of energy we have, is directly proportionate to the choices we make in life. So – if you see someone with bags of energy – it’s likely they are behaving in a certain way to create that energy. Likewise if you see someone who is constantly tired – it’s likely that they too have made choices that have resulted in a depletion of energy.
The point is – we all have the choice to either create energy or take it away from ourselves. If you’re feeling a little tired today you need to ask yourself if you’re willing to do what it takes to get your energy levels back on track. If you are, the good news is there are a few simple things you can do to start re-energizing yourself. It’s just a matter of taking a few minutes today to focus on making some changes.
So now, let’s take a look at why we feel tired in the first place and what we can do to get our energy levels back on track.
Too much mental activity
When we’re stressed our mental activity goes through the roof. This is usually in the form of over-analysis and excessive worrying. If you read this blog regularly you’ll know that the topic of stress is one that really interests me and I’ll soon be launching a ‘Less Stress’ e-course, so stay tuned for this.
What most people don’t realize when they stress and worry is the amount of energy this process consumes. It takes a considerable amount of brain-power to charge all of those thoughts! This is why long periods of stress often leave us feeling tired, run down and unwell – we simply burn ourselves out!
So one of the first things to do is check in on your mental activity – is it peaceful and calm in there or is it more like a jumble of confusion and chaos?
I (partly) blame technology for this one! In a world where the expectation is for us to respond immediately to emails, phone calls, SMS messages, tweets, Facebook messages…all of this communication can really drain our energy levels leaving us feeling tired and grumpy.
Sometimes we need to take a step back and just switch off from communication. The world won’t end if we turn our mobile phones off for an hour or two. In-fact just like our mobile phones – we need to recharge our own batteries to be able to work efficiently!
Taking on too much
Being a people pleaser is one of the fastest ways to tire yourself out. Before you know it you’ve said YES to so many people that you have literally nothing left in the tank! This is a really common situation and it’s based on human nature. At a basic level we all want to be liked by others and so the act of saying yes when someone asks something from us (even when we know we just don’t have the time or energy) is our way of ensuring we are of value to others.
The reality is – it’s OK to say no every once in a while and to be honest with those around us about our own needs. Your friends and family are not going to drop you if you can’t make every single social gathering. In-fact I’m sure they would prefer an energetic, charged up version of you rather than a run down, fatigued version.
Sleep is one of the most efficient ways to replenish your energy levels. The sad thing is that most people struggle to get the quality sleep that they need. More often than not this relates to my first point – too much mental activity. When we are worrying about things before we go to bed it’s very difficult to shut the body down and enter your natural sleep cycle.
The best thing you can do is to force yourself to shut down any negative thoughts and think positively before you go to sleep. The easiest way to do this is by reminding yourself of what you’re grateful for. Research has proven that gratitude is one of the most effective ways to increase happiness – plus if you think about it, gratitude is simply a form of positive thinking.
I often remind myself of 3 – 5 things that I’m grateful for from my day and this allows me to switch off from any negative thoughts before bedtime.
I can’t stress enough how important it is to have a healthy diet. While it’s fine to have a blow out every now and then (chocolate Easter eggs included), what we eat on a day-to-day basis has a huge impact on the amount of energy we have.
Is it time to take stock of your diet and make some healthy changes? What unhealthy food choices can you swap out for more healthy options? This year I made the change from eggs every morning to fresh fruit salad and believe me I feel a huge amount of difference in my energy levels and general wellbeing. What one small change can you make today to start increasing your own energy levels?
Lack of exercise
Research has shown that exercise increases energy levels. Almost every successful person that I’ve met or studied takes part in some form of physical exercise. It’s just a basic way to ensure your body is fit and healthy enough to charge ahead with the day.
Think about how you can increase the amount of exercise you are currently getting? What can you do to make it more fun? What exercise do you really enjoy? Can you try a few new form of exercise to identify what works for you?
For me personally I enjoy practicing Yoga most days and I find that this gives me a surge of energy to get everything done. In-fact I’ll let you in on a guilty secret – in my past corporate life I even used to do sneaky backbends in the bathroom when no one was watching to get a quick boost of energy!
No ‘me time’
We are often so busy with everyone else’s demands and everyday tasks that we forget to make time for ourselves. Think of your body like a car – it needs to be re-fuelled every now and then! In my experience if people don’t take the time to rest then their body will at some point force them to do so (usually through physical illness).
Our society has become a ‘doing’ society where we constantly fill every spare second of our lives with getting things done. As soon as we have finished one thing we get straight onto the next without a spare second in-between. This constant activity is what runs us down and steals our energy.
I know that at times it can feel like there is just no way we have time to fit in any peace and quiet or ‘me time’ – but it really is worthwhile doing this in the long run. Start with just 5 or 10 minutes a day where you do nothing. Simply sit or lie down, close your eyes (if you wish) and pause for a moment.
Simple Life Strategy: 7 Ways to Stop Feeling So Tired
1. Reduce mental stress. Take a moment to notice if you’re spending too much time in over-analysis? If so – you can read my article on over-analysis for some more tips to overcome this negative habit.
2. Communicate less. Take a break from over-communication. Switch the phone off for an hour or two and let your own battery re-charge!
3. Say no. Refrain from saying yes to everything that’s asked of you. It’s not essential that you attend every single social occasion. Try saying no a few times so you can make time for yourself to rest.
4. Get quality sleep. Make a concerted effort to get enough quality sleep. Aim for between 7 – 8 hours each night. Try reminding yourself what you’re grateful for before you go to sleep to remove any negative barriers between you and your sleep.
5. Adopt a healthy diet. Commit to making one small change to your diet today. Choose just one thing that you can change to make your diet a tiny bit healthier.
6. Exercise. Make time for regular exercise. If you don’t have a favorite type of exercise make it your mission to try something new. Who knows you may discover a new passion in the process.
7. Schedule ‘Me time’. Everyone needs to re-charge at some point – or they wind up becoming sick. Put aside just 5 or 10 minutes each day to do nothing.
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With mortgage rates hovering near historic lows, real estate markets are experiencing a surge in buyer interest after months of stagnation. Inventory remains low with sellers still cautious, but experts see signs owners are starting to list as more regions come out of coronavirus lockdowns. On Monday, New York became the latest city to allow in-person showings.
According to a new report by the National Association of Realtors, existing home sales in May were down 26.6% from a year earlier. “Sluggish May sales reflect early challenges among homebuyers and the real estate industry to adapt to COVID,” said Danielle Hale, chief economist for Realtor.com. “Buyers usually close on a home a month or two after they find it, which means many May sales where in process when shelter-in-place orders were most widespread.”
The supply of existing homes is down 19% compared to a year ago according to the NAR report, leading to an increase in home prices. “Although demand certainly dropped in March and April due to the crisis, supply dropped even more, and has thus far kept home prices from declining,” said Mike Fratantoni, chief economist for the Mortgage Bankers Association. “We expect that home price growth will pick up during the summer due to insufficient supply levels.”
With home prices rising, “new sellers are starting to realize that it’s a seller’s market and you’re seeing more (homes) come to market because they’re literally selling immediately and over list price,” said Ralph DiBugnara, president of Home Qualified, a real estate education series. “Interest rates are as low as they’ve ever been, so people are realizing it’s cheaper to buy now than it was before.”
For the week ending June 12, the number of new mortgage applications increased 8% from the previous week and was up 21% from a year ago, according to data released Wednesday by the Mortgage Bankers Association. Refinance applications continue to lead the rebound, increasing 10% compared to the previous week and just about doubling the number of applications filed during the same week last year. Refinance loans made up 63% of all loan applications, up from 61% last week.
According to a survey by the National Association of Home Builders published on Tuesday, builder confidence increased 21 points to 58 (on a scale of 100). The monthly survey asks builders about their expectations for single-family home sales over the next six months. Any score above 50 is considered “good.” The survey recorded a low of 30 during the month of April, the height of the COVID-19 related lockdowns.
“As the nation reopens, housing is well-positioned to lead the economy forward,” said Dean Mon, chairman of the NAHB. “Inventory is tight, mortgage applications are increasing, interest rates are low, and confidence is rising.”
Average Mortgage Rates Today
The average interest rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage dropped to 3.13% with 0.8 points paid for the week ending June 18, according to Freddie Mac. That’s 0.02 percentage points below the previous all-time low of 3.15% set May 28.
According to Freddie Mac, the average rate for a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage was 2.58% with 0.8 points paid, down 0.04 percentage points from last week, while the average rate on a 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage also decreased slightly to 3.09% with 0.4 points paid.
Average Refinance Rates Today
A year ago the average rate was 3.84%. A homeowner with a $250,000 mortgage balance paying 3.84% on a 30-year loan could cut their monthly payment from $1,170 to $1,071 by financing at today’s lower rates. (It is important to note that refinancing involves closing fees and will reset the clock on your mortgage, meaning you will have to make payments longer.)
Today’s Mortgage Rates
Of course, mortgage rates vary widely by location and personal factors like the type of property you plan to buy, the size of your down payment, and your credit score. Here are today’s advertised mortgage rates at some of the mortgage industry’s largest lenders.