Turtles are amphibians and therefore need to live in water. They will be happy if the water is clean, but they can’t do it by themselves!
You have to keep your turtle tank clean so that your pet can stay healthy.
There are many ways of keeping the tank safe for them while also making sure you do not spend all day cleaning up after them.
At a Glance:
- Sludge Remover to Clean Aquarium
- TetraFauna AquaSafe Reptile
- TetraFauna ReptoGuard Turtle Health
- Zilla Reptile Terrarium Aquatic Water Conditioner
- API Turtle Sludge Remover
Here we have reviewed three different conditioners, each from a different company, which should give you an idea of what options there are out there on the market today.
These products range in price, size and effectiveness so hopefully this helps you find something within your budget and needs.
Sludge Remover to Clean Aquarium
It is a tough life for your turtle. Dirty aquarium, unappealing water conditions that are less than ideal. Tell them it is not too late with API TURTLE WATER CONDITIONER.
This one bottle of liquid gold not only cleans sludge from the bottom and walls but also prevents unwanted algae growth, clarifies murky water, and eliminates odors in freshwater systems.
An aquarium is like a mini ecosystem where both plants like anacharis and animals (silver dollars) thrive together but each needs specific care to flourish properly.
Bring new life into their worlds with API TURTLE WATER, they may even swim right up to you as thank you for giving them back some life
An API turtle product is a natural way to make your aquarium clean. Looking for an all-natural method of making your tank shine like new again?
This sludge remover will scrub away even the toughest gunk from your gravel, rocks, or glass and inside equipment.
This product includes water conditioner tablets that help balance pH while removing chloramines and chlorine odor and flavor.
- Sludge Remover
- Multiple tanks
- Helps to get rid of any organic material
- Does not fix turtle’s shell
TetraFauna AquaSafe Reptile
Ever had to bathe a turtle? It’s not easy. You have to wet them, soap them up, and then they just go back into their pool of water. It sucks.
But now you can just put some AquaSafe in it for 10 minutes before you get anywhere near the unfortunate aquatic creatures inside your home.
TetraFauna has outdone themselves by inventing this revolutionary product.
ust mix this product in with your tap water no matter what brand of water, we got you covered and watch as all these nasty chemicals like chlorine evaporate right away.
Your pal will be thanking you for a long time because drinking contaminated water can lead to skin conditions such as ulcers or bacteria on their skin that can cause illness if left untreated.
- Makes cleaning easier
- Effectiveness in improving hydration
- Provide optimal health benefits
- Bad smell
TetraFauna ReptoGuard Turtle Health
Clean water means cleaner turtles! Snake away algae without harming the reptiles.
Odorless and tasteless TetraFauna ReptoGuard is a safe, slow-release conditioner that continuously removes harmful substances like chlorine, chloramines, ammonia and heavy metals from turtle habitats that can be injurious to your herpetological friends.
These soluble blocks are effective by having time to slowly dissolve in the water.
This way toxins do not build up suddenly as they do with traditional products used in large quantities at one time such as bath soap and detergent.
Which need to be quickly rinsed out before release is complete or else be impossible for amphibians where it remains on their skin because of its high lipid solubility.
Get unmatched protection with this unique blend of scientific-grade herbs, algae, and sea salts combined into the most naturalistic way for aquatic turtles. Known as trifolia.
These herbaceous nutrients provide plants with phosphorus compounds that help build healthy cells while its algae are known to fight off diseases like salmonella and other parasitic creatures.
With three per order, it has a slew of benefits all in one dose.
Zilla Reptile Terrarium Aquatic Water Conditioner
Zilla Turtle water conditioner is a revolutionary product created to neutralize chlorine, chloramines and heavy metals found in tap water. It has been designed specifically for use with aquatic animals such as turtles, fish and frogs. Aquatic Water Conditioner makes tap water safe for your aquatic pets by neutralizing the harmful chemicals that are present in most city water supplies. The formula also helps prevent algae build-up by removing excess phosphates from the water.
API Turtle Sludge Remover
Turtle owners know it’s not easy to keep their pets happy and healthy. The right water is essential for a turtle’s health, but tap water contains chlorine and other contaminants that can be harmful to turtles. Turtle owners should use a water conditioner like API Turtle Sludge Remover to make tap water safe for turtles.
API Turtle Sludge Remover will remove chlorine and chloramines from tap water, while also removing heavy metals such as copper or lead. It will neutralize ammonia, which is produced by the waste of aquatic animals like fish and amphibians.
Frequently asked Questions
Why is my turtle tank water cloudy?
In general, cloudy water in a pet turtle’s tank is caused by bacteria build up from fecal matter that has been released into the water. In order to clean the tank, you will need to use a reliable water conditioner and always remember to provide your pet with a quality diet of pellets and vegetables. So it would seem the answer is “It’s because of bacteria in the water.” You can also clear up some common misconceptions about using dark colored rocks or gravel for decoration, which might be adding to cloudiness when light is shining through them. This theory does not hold statistical support when tested though
How to keep turtle tank water clear?
As turtles are known for eating wild plants in ponds and water, these fresh-water creatures can harbor algae or bacteria when they are in captivity. Cloudy turtle tank water is the result of one of two things- unsanitary conditions or a lack of filtration system.
If you have used conditioner it should be fine after running the gage for 24 hours with no increase in cloudiness or change in color, however if there is still an increase then there could be un treated tap water entering your tank. The other possible cause is that the bacteria growing on the surface let off what’s called “fugitive emissions” which emit methane gas into the tank byproduct. This allows for this type of bacteria.
Thank you for reading our list of the top best turtle water conditioners! We hope that we were able to help you find a great product.
If not, let us know and we can try to recommend something else based on your needs. In addition, if there are any other questions about turtles or their habitat in general please feel free to ask them in the comments section below.
We will be happy to answer as many as possible.


text:
London-based New Zealander Sam Reed was first snapped up by Samurai Music back in 2008, when Tokyo Prose were still a duo. Three years later came a breakthrough double-pack called Introducing Tokyo Prose.
Since signing to Samurai Music, Tokyo Prose has released music across all 3 Samurai Music Group labels, as well as Hospital Records and Sun & Bass Recordings. Each one of these releases has been a musical stepping stone leading to this – his debut album ‘Presence’.
‘Presence’ marks… read more
|1||See Through Love||28 listeners|
|3||Won't Let Me Go||23 listeners|
|4||Fragmented You||22 listeners|
|5||Waiting On||20 listeners|
|7||Small Gains||16 listeners|
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domain: artistic


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text:
The softened grilled garlic is delicious spread on the tomato bread.
1 head garlic
1 red onion
1 medium eggplant or 2 baby eggplants
2 yellow squash
1 yellow pepper
1 red pepper
1 loaf Crusty bread
1 bunch arugula
- Brush garlic and onion slices with oil and place near the edge of a medium-hot grill to cook slowly. Grill for 5 to 10 minutes, turning garlic often. Leave on grill while cooking vegetables in step 2.
- Cut eggplant into thick slices or in half lengthwise, depending on size. Brush eggplant, zucchini, yellow squash, and peppers lightly with oil and place in center of grill. Cook a few minutes per side, turning once, until vegetables are seared and brown.
- Slice bread and brush with oil. Grill on both sides just until brown. Cut tomato in half and rub over one side of hot bread; discard tomato.
- Arrange grilled vegetables, bread, onion, and garlic on top of arugula and serve immediately.
This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io
More From Recipes

domain: food


text:
|Publication number||US6197653 B1|
|Application number||US 09/049,955|
|Publication date||Mar 6, 2001|
|Filing date||Mar 27, 1998|
|Priority date||Mar 27, 1997|
|Publication number||049955, 09049955, US 6197653 B1, US 6197653B1, US-B1-6197653, US6197653 B1, US6197653B1|
|Inventors||Rajesh B. Khamankar, Darius L. Crenshaw, Rick L. Wise, Katherine Violette, Aditi D. Banerjee|
|Original Assignee||Texas Instruments Incorporated|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (3), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (23), Classifications (18), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application claims priority under 35 USC § 119(e)(1) of provisional application No. 60/041,650 filed Mar. 27, 1997.
The invention relates to electronic semiconductor devices, and, more particularly, to capacitor structures and fabrication methods for such structures.
Increasing demand for semiconductor memory and competitive pressures requires higher density integrated circuit dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) based on one-transistor plus one-capacitor memory cell. But down scaling capacitors with the standard silicon oxide and nitride dielectrics presents problems including decreasing quantity of charge stored in a cell. Consequently, DRAM manufacturers are investigating alternative dielectrics to increase capacitor dielectric constant and alternative cell structures to increase capacitor area. For example, U.S. Pat. No.5,554,557 discloses a DRAM cell with a fence-shaped capacitor having a rugged polysilicon lower electrode to increase the capacitor area. The patent discloses deposition of rugged polysilicon by silane decomposition at 560° C. and a pressure about 200 mTorr to yield a layer of hemispherical grains of maximum thickness of 50-150 nm. Then conformally deposits a dielectric of silicon nitride, oxide/nitride/oxide, or tantalum pentoxide, and complete the capacitor with a top electrode of deposited polysilicon.
Ino et al., Rugged Surface Polycrystalline Silicon Film Deposition and its Application in a Stacked Dynamic Random Access Memory Capacitor Electrode, 14 J.Vac.Sci.Tech.B 751 (1996) describes (FIG. 14) capacitors with rugged polysilicon for layer thicknesses in the range of 40-150 nm with the optimal at a 100 nm thickness.
The present invention provides an HSG silicon (rugged polysilicon) layer of thickness less than 40 nm but with surface area increase of least 2 by high nucleation density deposition plus gas phase grain shape enhancement and doping in a single furnace operation. Preferred embodiment rugged polysilicon forms a (dynamic memory cell) capacitor electrode which is surface area enhanced and the capacitor dielectric is deposited without electrode exposure to oxygen sources.
This has the advantages of high packing density memory cells using processes compatible with standard silicon integrated circuit fabrication.
The drawings are heuristic for clarity.
FIGS. 1a-b are cross sectional and elevating views of a preferred embodiment memory cell.
FIGS. 2a-f illustrate in cross sectional elevation views steps of a first preferred embodiment method.
FIGS. 3a-c illustrate nucleation and grains.
FIG. 4 shows nucleation densities.
FIGS. 5a-b illustrate grain bulging.
FIG. 6 shows area enhancement.
The preferred embodiments enhance capacitor electrode (plate) area while maintaining limited electrode thickness by using a high density of small grains of hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon (rugged poly). The preferred embodiment methods first form HSG silicon under conditions to grow small grains but with high areal density, (area of rugged surface divided by area of corresponding surface if smooth) next, gas phase enhance the grains plus dope the HSG silicon; and then immediately form initial capacitor dielectric without exposure to oxygen sources. The use of small grain HSG silicon limits the effective thickness of the capacitor electrodes which allows smaller spacing between adjacent and multiple capacitor electrodes. The gas phase doping permits preliminary grain shape enhancement but makes the surface more susceptible to unwanted oxidation, thus the immediate initial dielectric formation yields a more uniform capacitor dielectric layer.
FIGS. 1a-b illustrate in cross-sectional and plan views a preferred embodiment DRAM cell 100 with HSG silicon 102 on polysilicon vertical cylinder 104 (which has the shape of an elongated crown) plus polysilicon base 105 forming the lower electrode of the cell capacitor. Dielectric 106 conforms to the surface of HSG silicon 102 and the portions of polysilicon 104-105 between the HSG silicon grains. Polysilicon 108 forms the top (common) capacitor electrode, although other materials such as TiN could be used. The pass transistor (gate 110 with source 112 and drain 114) connects bitline 120 to the lower capacitor electrode through polysilicon stem 122; bitline 122 runs parallel to the plane of FIG. 1a and only an offset making contact to drain 114 is shown in FIG. 1a. Note the separation between cell 100 and adjacent cell 100 (is determined by the minimal spacing between HSG 102 and HSG 102′, and this is the minimal thickness of top electrode 108. For example, crown polysilicon 104 may be 85 nm thick, HSG silicon 102 grains may be bulged and about 30-40 nm high, oxidized silicon nitride (NO) dielectric 106 may be 6 nm thick, and the minimal thickness of top electrode 108 between adjacent cells is about 100 nm. Thus if the HSG silicon grains were instead 70 nm high, the minimal thickness of top electrode 108 must decrease to 20 nm and it becomes unreliable.
FIGS. 2a-f illustrate the steps of fabrication of a DRAM in cross sectional elevation view at memory cell 100 portion of the substrate as follows.
(a) Start with a silicon substrate (or silicon on insulator substrate) with shallow trench isolation and twin wells for CMOS periphery plus memory array wells. Perform threshold adjustment implants (which may differ for cell transistors and various peripheral transistors), and form gate dielectric. Deposit tungsten silicide coated polysilicon gate material and a silicon dioxide layer, then pattern the layers to form oxide-topped gates 110 plus peripheral transistor gates and gate level interconnects. See FIG. 2a.
(b) Perform lightly doped drain implants, and then form sidewall dielectric on the gates by deposition plus anisotropic etching. Introduce dopants to form sources 112 and drains 114 including peripheral source/drains to complete the transistor level. Cover the structure with a planarized dielectric layer (such as BPSG); see FIG. 2b.
(c) Photolithographically define and etch holes (vias) in the planarized dielectric down to sources 112. Blanket deposit in situ doped polysilicon and etch back to form stems 122 in the holes. Next, photolithographically define and etch holes in the planarized dielectric down to drains 114. Blanket deposit in situ doped polysilicon and then a tungsten silicide cap, and pattern it to form bitlines 120 connecting to drains 114. Form planarized bitline dielectric which may contain an etchstop sublayer (e.g., sublayers of oxide and nitride). See FIG. 2c.
(d) Deposit an in situ doped polysilicon layer which will eventually be part of the horizontal base for the vertical polysiicon crown of cell 100; then photolithographically define holes in the polysilicon over the stems 122. Additionally, polysilicon sidewalls (blanket deposition plus anisotropic etch) may be applied to the holes in order to provide rounded corners and smaller diameters. Then use the polysilicon as an etch mask to etch the planarized bitline dielectric down to the stems 122; see FIG. 2d.
(e) Deposit an in situ doped polysilicon layer which connects to stems 122 and will eventually form the remainder of the horizontal base for the crown. Then a dielectric layer and photolithographically define the crown bases. Etch the dielectric and polysilicon to yield the crown bases covered with dielectric; see FIG. 2e.
(f) Conformally deposit in situ doped (with phosphine) polysilicon, this makes contact to the exposed ends of polysilicon bases 105. Anisotrpically etch the polysilicon to remove the horizontal portions of the polysilicon (on top of the dielectric on the bases and on the bitline dielectric between bases). This forms the crowns as sidewalls on the dielectric and base ends; a chlorine based plasma etch may be used. Next, strip the dielectric to leave the free standing crowns with horizontal bases supported on stems; this strip can stop on the etchstop sublayer. FIG. 2f shows the situation with the etchstop at the surface of the bitline dielectric; with a buried etchstop layer the bottom of the crown bases can also be exposed and thereby increase the electrode area.
(g) Grow HSG silicon on the exposed surfaces of the polysilicon crowns and bases and, unavoidably, also on the exposed bitline dielectric. HSG silicon growth on (poly)silicon appears to occur in two stages: first nucleation and then a nuclei growth with coalescence into grains. Thus, nucleate HSG silicon on the polysilicon crown and base by silane decomposition at 571° C. with a silane flow of 450 sccm through a deposition chamber containing silicon wafers to form a layer of nuclei about 12 nm thick with a nucleation density of about 1.76×1011/cm2 in 1 minute; see FIG. 3a which is a TEM view showing the nuclei. Of course, the exact silane flow and temperature to produce this high nucleation density will depend upon chamber geometry, pressure, and total wafer area. In fact, FIG. 4 illustrates nucleation density for a variety of process chamber conditions and layer thicknesses. For example, a silane flow of about 230 sccm at 571° C. in 2 minutes yields a layer of nuclei about 17 nm thick and with a nucleation density of about 4.9×1010/cm2.
Continue the HSG silicon growth at 571° C. with the 450 sccm silane flow another 2.5 minutes to yield a layer of grains about 30 nm maximum thickness. FIG. 3b shows the grains, this has the same scale as FIG. 3a. Of course, if this layer of grains continued to grow to a thickness such as 75 nm, then this density would yield a layer with the grains coalescing towards a solid layer of polysilicon, and this implies decreasing area enhancement. Note that the theoretical area increase by close packed hemispheres is independent of the hemisphere height; thus small close packed hemispheres provide the same area increase but form a thinner layer. In contrast, the foregoing lower nucleation density example has fewer larger grains at the same 30 nm thickness as illustrated in FIG. 3c, which has the same scale as FIGS. 3a-b.
(h) Photolithograhically mask the crowns and etch the HSG silicon on the bitline dielectric to insure separation of adjacent crowns. Alternatively, an unmasked anisotropic silicon etch could be used; this would decrease the crown height but maintain the surface ruggedness. The crowns and bases consist of in situ doped polysilicon plus the undoped HSG silicon on the surfaces. After photoresist removal clean the wafer to remove native oxide; the undoped HSG silicon does not oxidize as easily as the underlying phosphorus doped polysilicon.
(i) Enhance the HSG silicon grain shapes plus dope the grains with phosphorus by first bake the wafer at 850° C. in a hydrogen (H2) atmosphere for 30-60 minutes, this removes any residual native oxide plus migrates silicon atoms from the underlying polysilicon 104/106 onto the grains 102 and bulges the grains relative to the underlying polysilicon. The area enhancement (electrical measurement on resultant capacitors) increases from a factor of about 2.2 for the original grains to about 2.7 for the bulging grains. See FIGS. 5a-b showing the before and after of the shape enhancement, respectively. Then switch from the hydrogen atmosphere to a phosphine (PH3) atmosphere for 1 minute; the phosphine decomposes on the silicon surface and diffuses phosphorus into the grains resulting a surface doping concentration of phosphorus greater than 2×1020/cm3.
(j) Any free surface phosphorus, such as might occur in crevices between grains, and the highly doped grains from the preceding step provide very reactive sites for oxidation. Indeed, native oxide rapidly grows on heavily doped silicon, typically with thickness in the range of 1-3 nm; such an oxide (dielectric constant of 2.5-3.5) will degrades the effective dielectric constant of the capacitor which uses 6 nm of oxidized silicon nitride.(4.5 nm of nitride with dielectric constant 6.8 covered by 2 nm of thermal oxide with dielectric constant 3.9). Further, deposition of the silicon nitride dielectric by silane plus ammonia surface reaction has an incubation time for nucleation on oxide but minimal incubation for nucleation on silicon; thus the deposited nitride will be thinner on the surface oxidized silicon than on clean silicon. This thinner nitride (e.g., 2-2.5 nm instead of 4.5 nm) may be too thin to prevent oxidation of the underlying grains during the oxidation of the nitride. Consequently, immediately after the phosphine gas phase doping of the grains, evacuate the deposition chamber and decrease the temperature to 740° C., and flow in dichlorosilane and ammonia to deposit silicon nitride dielectric to a thickness of 4.5 nm. Alternatively, the wafer could be transferred from the phosphine doping chamber under vacuum to a silicon nitride deposition chamber. Then oxidize the nitride in steam at 850° C. to form about 2 nm of oxide plus plug pinholes in the nitride; this completes the dielectric.
(k) Deposit in situ doped polysilicon and pattern it to form the top capacitor electrode.
(l) Form interlevel dielectrics and interconnects; this also connects up peripheral circuitry in a DRAM.
As the HSG grains grow and the layer thickens, the grains begin to coalesce. Grain growth increases the sloped grain sidewall area but grain coalescence eliminates sidewalls, so the total surface area has a maximum as illustrated in FIG. 6. Indeed, FIG. 6 shows the area enchancement factor (ratio of total rugged surface area to original planar area) after the grain shape enhancement during gas phase doping with the area enhancement factor measured by electrical measurement on a capacitor using the rugged polysilicon as the lower electrode. The HSG growth conditions for the capacitor of FIG. 6 were the same as the foregoing low nucleation density example illustrated in FIG. 3c. Indeed, FIG. 3c shows the lateral extension of the grains resulting from coalescence. The preferred embodiment high nucleation density should have a larger area enchancement factor for the smaller thickness layers (e.g., for the 30 nm thick) from the greater amount of grain sidewall area due to the lower coalescence; compare the laterally compact grains in FIG. 3b with the grains of FIG. 3c. Possibly, the faster nucleation and grain growth from the higher silane flow may lessen the coalescence and yield more compact grains and consequent greater area enhancement factors.
The preferred embodiments can be modified in various ways while retaining the features of high area enhancement factors with thin (e.g., 30 nm thick) rugged polysilicon which has grain enhancement during gas phase doping and oxygen-free immediate dielectric formation.
For example, the process conditions can be varied, the silicon nitride dielectric deposition could be replaced with a rapid thermal nitridation (NH3 at 1000° C.) to form a thin nitride barrier followed by an oxide based dielectric (such as Ta2O5) deposition.
Further, the rugged polysilicon electrode capacitor could be the coupling capacitor in a EEPROM between the floating and control gates or a capacitor for general linear circuits or other coupling.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5266514 *||Dec 21, 1992||Nov 30, 1993||Industrial Technology Research Institute||Method for producing a roughened surface capacitor|
|US5691228 *||Jan 18, 1996||Nov 25, 1997||Micron Technology, Inc.||Semiconductor processing method of making a hemispherical grain (HSG) polysilicon layer|
|US5798280 *||Dec 2, 1996||Aug 25, 1998||Micron Technology, Inc.||Process for doping hemispherical grain silicon|
|1||*||Hirohito Watanabe et al., Hemispherical Grained Si Formation on in-situ Phosphorus Doped Amorphous-Si Slectrode for 256 Mb DRAM's Capacitor, IEEE Electron Devices, vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 1247-1253, Jul. 1995.|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US6400552||Apr 30, 2001||Jun 4, 2002||Micron Technology, Inc.||Capacitor with conductively doped Si-Ge alloy electrode|
|US6407452 *||Jul 7, 2000||Jun 18, 2002||Micron Technology, Inc.||Integrated circuitry and method of restricting diffusion from one material to another|
|US6580113 *||Jun 28, 1999||Jun 17, 2003||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof|
|US6627508||Oct 6, 2000||Sep 30, 2003||Micron Technology, Inc.||Method of forming capacitors containing tantalum|
|US6632721 *||Jun 23, 2000||Oct 14, 2003||Hitachi, Ltd.||Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices having capacitors with electrode including hemispherical grains|
|US6645839||May 6, 2002||Nov 11, 2003||Infineon Technologies Ag||Method for improving a doping profile for gas phase doping|
|US6730559||Apr 10, 1998||May 4, 2004||Micron Technology, Inc.||Capacitors and methods of forming capacitors|
|US6773981 *||Aug 2, 2000||Aug 10, 2004||Micron Technology, Inc.||Methods of forming capacitors|
|US6809001 *||Apr 13, 2001||Oct 26, 2004||Renesas Technology Corp.||Semiconductor device and method for producing a semiconductor device|
|US6825081 *||Jul 24, 2001||Nov 30, 2004||Micron Technology, Inc.||Cell nitride nucleation on insulative layers and reduced corner leakage of container capacitors|
|US6831319||Aug 22, 2002||Dec 14, 2004||Micron Technology, Inc.||Cell nitride nucleation on insulative layers and reduced corner leakage of container capacitors|
|US7417283 *||Dec 12, 2005||Aug 26, 2008||Hynix Semiconductor Inc.||CMOS device with dual polycide gates and method of manufacturing the same|
|US7615460 *||May 5, 2006||Nov 10, 2009||Elpida Memory, Inc.||Hard mask technique in forming a plug|
|US20010013620 *||Apr 13, 2001||Aug 16, 2001||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Semiconductor device and method for producing a semiconductor device|
|US20030020138 *||Aug 22, 2002||Jan 30, 2003||Micron Technology, Inc.||Cell nitride nucleation on insulative layers and reduced corner leakage of container capacitors|
|US20030022436 *||Jul 24, 2001||Jan 30, 2003||Zheng Lingyi A.||Cell nitride nucleation on insulative layers and reduced corner leakage of container capacitors|
|US20050118761 *||Dec 30, 2004||Jun 2, 2005||Agarwal Vishnu K.||Semiconductor constructions having crystalline dielectric layers|
|US20060043453 *||Oct 25, 2005||Mar 2, 2006||Micron Technology, Inc.||Semiconductor devices|
|US20060180844 *||Feb 24, 2006||Aug 17, 2006||Agarwal Vishnu K||Integrated circuitry and method of forming a capacitor|
|US20060255386 *||May 5, 2006||Nov 16, 2006||Elpida Memory, Inc.||Method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having a hard mask coupled to a discharge plug|
|US20070004119 *||Dec 12, 2005||Jan 4, 2007||Chun Yun S||CMOS device with dual polycide gates and method of manufacturing the same|
|DE10121778A1 *||May 4, 2001||Nov 21, 2002||Infineon Technologies Ag||Improving a doping profile during gas phase doping comprises preparing a semiconductor substrate, introducing silicon nitride and/or decomposition products of silicon nitride|
|DE10121778B4 *||May 4, 2001||Dec 1, 2005||Infineon Technologies Ag||Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Dotierprofils bei einer Gasphasendotierung|
|U.S. Classification||438/398, 438/253, 257/298, 257/E21.649, 257/E21.648, 257/E21.013, 438/565, 438/261, 257/E21.019, 438/396, 438/255|
|International Classification||H01L21/8242, H01L21/02|
|Cooperative Classification||H01L27/10855, H01L28/84, H01L27/10852, H01L28/91|
|Jul 6, 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KHAMANKAR, RAJESH B.;CRENSHAW, DARIUA L.;WISE, RICK L.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009337/0088;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980528 TO 19980625
|Jun 29, 2004||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 19, 2008||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 28, 2012||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12

domain: chemistry


text:
The next-gen decentralized social platform governed by users. On Sola users create, spread and earn on their information. Developers have the same access to audience and infrastructure as the core team.
Portrait Photography of Children in Fall - Beautiful Fall Photos I like this portrait because this little kid is having a lot of fun splashing in puddles. I like how the picture was taken at the right moment so you get to see the splash of the puddle.


text:
Philippine companies should by now strongly consider voluntary adoption of responsible business conduct (RBC) amid the rise in national and international initiatives imposing RBC-related obligations on businesses around the world, according to a new report.
The technical brief on incorporating RBC in business operations, produced under the ARISE Plus Philippines project, urges Filipino enterprises to adopt RBC-related codes, guidelines, or initiatives. This comes as environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles become mainstream values for many companies and investors.
According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), RBC can be defined as corporate practices “making a positive contribution to economic, environmental and social progress with a view to achieving sustainable development and avoiding and addressing adverse impacts related to an enterprise’s direct and indirect operations, products or services.”
RBC, also known as corporate social responsibility (CSR), concerns the actions of companies over and above their legal obligations and is, in principle, led by enterprises themselves, with the support of public authorities through a “smart mix” of voluntary policy measures and complementary regulation at domestic and international levels.
From a business perspective, engaging and prioritizing responsible business conduct can help attract and retain employees, improve customers’ perception of the brand as well as acquire customers’ trust and loyalty, and represent evidence of greater accountability (and thus few risks) to investors, said the brief.
For Philippine-based companies operating abroad or involved in global value chains (GVCs) or global supply chains, it is very important to take note of the growing trend to engage in voluntary RBC.
The publication, expounded in an online presentation in Manila last January, observed that several international instruments have been developed that elaborate on RBC standards.
One of these is the 1976 OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (revised in 2011), which cover all key areas of business responsibility, including human rights, labor rights, environment, bribery, consumer interests, and taxation.
The 2000 United Nations Global Compact advocates in 10 broadly worded principles good corporate practices in several areas, including human rights and environmental responsibility. This instrument has been very successful, with around 7,000 companies having signed the compact, including 44 of the 50 biggest asset managers in the world.
The 2011 United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights include the state duty to protect, the corporate responsibility to respect, and the need for more effective access to remedies by victims.
In addition, several domestic legislations have been adopted to provide for a variety of CSR/RBC-related obligations on business.
In 2017, the law on the duty of vigilance was introduced in France, requiring companies to develop a vigilance plan to cover not just the company’s own activities over possible violations of human rights and environmental standards but also the activities of those of its controlled subsidiaries, contractors and suppliers.
The Netherlands, Germany and the European Union have recently adopted (or are in the process of adopting) similar legislative acts.
Furthermore, a growing number of international investment agreements (IIAs) include RBC provisions requiring contracting parties and foreign investors to promote RBC, and the majority of recently concluded IIAs contain a standing provision referring to RBC or CSR.
Finally, the future conclusion of a World Trade Organization Investment Facilitation for Development (WTO IFD) Agreement also contains an RBC provision touching on, among others, the voluntary incorporation of RBC by investors.
Besides encouraging enterprises to espouse RBC practices, the technical brief also urges the Philippines government to ensure the quick implementation of its commitments under the IFD to maximize both the quantity and quality of inward foreign investment.
There have been a range of measures that other governments have undertaken on this front, said the paper.
Among these is ensuring that their FDI strategy and investment promotion agency corporate plan/strategies include RBC/CSR criteria and that key performance indicators reflect such criteria.
Another is encouraging investors to establish RBC/CSR committees and to dedicate a percentage of revenue to RBC/CSR activities.
A third measure is to create specific governmental bodies, focal points or representatives to facilitate sustainable FDI.
ARISE Plus Philippines is a four-year project funded by the European Union and started in March 2021 to foster inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction in the Philippines through improved international trade performance and competitiveness.

domain: news


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Bears place CB Kyler Gordon (hand) on injured reserve
(Photo credit: Paul Rutherford-USA TODAY Sports)
The Chicago Bears placed cornerback Kyler Gordon on injured reserve Thursday with a hand injury he sustained in the season-opening loss to the Green Bay Packers.
Gordon, 23, will miss a minimum of four games and be eligible to return against the visiting Minnesota Vikings on Oct. 15.
He recorded 71 tackles, three interceptions, one forced fumble and one fumble recovery in 14 games (all starts) during his rookie season in 2022. The second-round pick had one tackle and one pass breakup prior to being injured versus the Packers on Sunday.
Also on Thursday, the Bears signed cornerback Greg Stroman Jr. from the practice squad and re-signed rookie safety Macon Clark to the practice squad.
Stroman, 27, had eight tackles and one interception in two games (one start) last season. He totaled 46 tackles, two picks, one forced fumble and one fumble recovery in 22 career games (four starts) with Washington (2018-20) and Chicago.
Clark, 24, signed with the Bears earlier this year as an undrafted free agent from Tulane.
--Field Level Media


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How to start 3rd casino mission
How to start 3rd casino mission
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domain: entertainment


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Certified Hawaii changes name to Associa Hawaii following move into Downtown Honolulu office tower
- Staff Pacific Business News
Certified Hawaii, which was acquired by Texas-based property management company Associa seven years ago, has changed its name to Associa Hawaii.
The company, one of the largest condominium association managers in Hawaii, unveiled the new name and logo at its new offices in the penthouse of the Pacific Guardian Center’s mauka tower in Downtown Honolulu on Friday.
The company recently moved from Koapaka Street near Honolulu International Airport to the 14,139-square-foot 31st floor of the downtown tower.
“While our name is different, our people and our commitment to serve Hawaii remains beyond what can be found anywhere else,” Associa Hawaii CEO Jon McKenna said in a statement. “We have recommitted ourselves with a reinvigorated management vision and team and an unwavering integrity that defines all we do.”
“Our new location will allow us to forge an even tighter connection with not only our existing boards, communities and owners, but those who wish to join the Associa Hawaii family,” McKenna said.
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domain: geography


text:
The ulnar nerve runs on the inside of the elbow; when you think you have hit your “funny bone,” you are actually hitting your ulnar nerve. The nerve provides sensation to your little finger and half of your ring finger. This nerve can become pinched in the elbow, particularly when you bend your elbow. Occasionally the ulnar nerve can snap over the bone on the inside of your elbow (medial epicondyle), causing pain and numbness in your ring and little fingers. When this happens, it’s called cubital tunnel syndrome.
Cubital Tunnel Release
A cubital tunnel release is an outpatient procedure done with a general anesthetic and a nerve block. This helps provides initial pain relief after your surgery. Your surgeon makes an incision along the inside of your elbow to view the muscles, blood vessels and nerve. They separate the muscle and soft tissue until they reach the nerve, and then release the structures pinching it – typically bands of soft tissue. This allows the nerve to glide freely in the arm and relieves the pain. Often, your surgeon will also reposition the nerve on the top side of the medial epicondyle. This creates less stress on the nerve when your elbow is bent.
After surgery, your surgeon will close the incision with stitches, apply a bulky dressing, and put your arm in a sling. Typically, you can remove the bandaging 24-48 hours after surgery and can shower. The stitches are removed about 10-14 days after surgery when you meet with a Physician Assistant or your surgeon to review what was found during surgery. You can use your arm as tolerated after that, but the incision may be sore for up to a few months. Your surgeon will discuss post-surgery restrictions with your family.

domain: health


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Romance in New York City is difficult. New Yorkers are less likely to marry, and finding someone to date is difficult since we're all a bunch of commitment-fearing, dating-app-obsessed, career-focused maniacs.
Lucie Fink, a video producer from Refinery29, hit the streets to ask New Yorkers what they think about love with this knowledge in mind.
Now, Fink's sample size was small, but her findings were pretty interesting. She gathered stories from New Yorkers spanning demographics, including an elderly couple that had been together for 53 years.
What'd she ask them? Well, you'll have to watch the video below to find out, won't you?
We're kidding. She asked about cheating, long-distance relationships, monogamy, online dating, and casual sex.
We weren't really stoked about Fink's take on Tinder, but other than that we found the discussions pretty interesting. Especially when Fink puts couples on the spot, and asks them whether they'd stay together if one of them had to move across the country.
If you're curious to find out what lots of different New Yorkers think about all these provoking topics, watch the video below.

domain: sociology


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‘Bhattarai would quit if consensus alternative fou
A top Maoist leader has said the Premier is ready to quit if political consensus was reached for an alternative leader.
Kathmandu: Ahead of a massive opposition rally to press for Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai ouster, a top Maoist leader has said the Premier is ready to quit if political consensus was reached for an alternative leader.
"Bhattarai would not be an obstacle if the major political parties forge consensus for providing an alternative to his leadership for forming a national consensus government," said Devendra Poudyal, Unified CPN (Maoist) politburo member and chief adviser to the Prime Minister.
He was speaking in Butawal at an interaction to discuss the current political situation in Nepal that has been limping from one political crisis to another in the last few years.
Nepal`s 22 opposition parties are gearing for a massive anti-government protest on Friday demanding that Bhattarai be ousted for his "unilateral" and "unconstitutional" decision to hold fresh elections in the country without consulting them.
Poudyal said the government had to announce fresh elections to the Constituent Assembly (CA) on May 27 as consensus could not be forged among the political parties on the contentious?issue of constitution drafting.
Dismissing the opposition`s allegation that the announcement for fresh poll was an unconstitutional move, he said the election announcement was in line with the verdict of the apex court and as per the spirit of the Interim Constitution.
The opposition alliance has said that they plan to bring 150,000 people on the streets of the capital for their show down with the Maoist-led government.
C P Gajurel, secretary of the UCPN-Maoist, who is part of a dissident group among the Maoists, also sought "immediate removal of Prime Minister Bhattarai from the top post and charged that the announcement of fresh election had something to do with "foreign influence".
Gajurel also ruled out the possibility of reinstatement of the Constituent Assembly, an idea floated by Maoist chief Prachanda, and called for a round-table meeting involving all political forces to draft the new constitution.
Meanwhile, Chinese Ambassador to Nepal, Yang Houlan met Maoist Chairman Prachanda today and expressed his concern over the latest political development.
According to media reports, the Chinese envoy has expressed his concern over the political polarisation following the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
CPN-UML president Jhala Nath Khanal also held consultations with 20 heads of diplomatic missions and drew their attention towards the "unilateral" decision made by Prime Minister Bhattarai on May 27 to declare fresh election to the Constituent Assembly in an unconstitutional manner.
The former prime minister also warned the coalition government not to behave in an authoritarian way by undermining democratic norms and values, as peace and constitution both are impossible without political consensus and broader understanding.

domain: politics


If you’re an auto enthusiast considering a Subaru, you may have heard about issues with the head gasket. In this article, we’ll discuss everything you need to know about Subaru head gaskets, including why they’re important, the specific head gasket issues some Subarus experience, and what you need to consider before purchasing a Subaru.
What is a Head Gasket?
Before we dive into the specific head gasket issues with Subarus, let’s first understand what a head gasket is and why it matters. A head gasket is a seal between the engine block and cylinder head. Its purpose is to prevent coolant and oil from mixing, as well as to maintain proper compression in the engine. Essentially, it’s a critical component for keeping your engine running smoothly.
Head Gasket Issues with Subarus
Now that we understand what a head gasket is, let’s talk about the issues some Subarus have been experiencing. The most common issue with Subaru head gaskets is a failure of the gasket itself, which can lead to coolant leaking into the engine. Typically, this is caused by a design flaw in the gasket material that can cause it to break down and fail over time.
It’s also worth noting that not all Subaru models experience head gasket issues. The issue tends to be more prevalent in older models, particularly those from the late 1990s to early 2000s. However, it’s important to check the specific model you’re interested in to see if it’s been known to experience head gasket issues.
Frequency and Cost of Head Gasket Repairs
So, what happens if your Subaru experiences a head gasket failure? Unfortunately, it’s not a cheap fix. The cost to repair a head gasket issue can range from $1,500 to $3,000, depending on the extent of the damage. This is due to the labor-intensive process of removing the engine to access the head gasket.
The frequency of head gasket issues also varies. Some Subaru owners will never experience a head gasket failure, while others may have multiple issues throughout the life of the car. This can be frustrating and costly for owners, which is why it’s important to consider the potential for head gasket issues before purchasing a Subaru.
Preventative Measures for Head Gasket Issues
While there’s no guarantee that you can entirely prevent a head gasket issue, there are some preventative measures you can take to help reduce the likelihood of experiencing one. Regular maintenance is key, as keeping up with oil changes, coolant levels, and other routine checks can help catch any issues before they become major problems.
Additionally, consider having your Subaru inspected by a trusted mechanic before purchasing it. This can help identify any potential issues with the head gasket or other critical components that may require costly repairs down the line.
Subaru Reliability and Maintenance
It’s worth noting that Subaru has established a reputation for reliability over the years. While some models may experience head gasket issues, Subarus are generally known for their longevity and durability. Regular maintenance and repairs are inevitable with any car, but owning a Subaru doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll be hit with major repair costs.
In conclusion, while some Subarus may experience head gasket issues, the overall reliability of the brand remains strong. It’s important to consider the potential for head gasket failures before purchasing a Subaru, particularly if you’re looking at older models. However, with regular maintenance and preventative measures in place, you can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing any major issues with your Subaru’s head gasket.


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Study objectives: Reduced mobility during sleep characterizes a variety of movement disorders and neuromuscular diseases. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common form of muscular dystrophy in the general population, and people with FSHD have poor sleep quality. The aims of the present study were to evaluate nocturnal motor activity in patients with FSHD by means of videopolysomnography and to verify whether activity was associated with modifications in sleep structure.
Methods: We enrolled 32 adult patients affected by genetically confirmed FSHD (18 women and 14 men, mean age 45.1 +/- 13.4 years) and 32 matched control subjects, (18 women and 14 men, mean age 45.5 +/- 11.4 years). Major body movements (MBM) were scored in videopolygraphic recordings in accordance with established criteria. An MBM index was calculated (number of MBM per hour of sleep).
Results: The FSHD group showed a decrease in the MBM index (FSHD: 1.2 +/- 1.1; control subjects: 2.3 +/- 1.2, analysis of variance F = 13.672; p = 0.008). The sleep pattern of patients with FSHD, as compared with that of controls, was characterized by longer sleep latencies, shorter sleep durations, an increased percentage of wake during sleep, and a decreased percentage of rapid eye movement sleep. In the patient group, the MBM index was inversely correlated with severity of disease (Spearman test: r30 = -0.387; p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The present findings suggest that patients with FSHD have a reduced number of nocturnal movements, which is related to disease severity. Reduced movement in bed may contribute to the sleep modifications observed in these patients.

domain: medical


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According to a news feature, yet another Navy SEAL lost his life in Afghanistan. Jeremy Wise from Virginia Beach is a security contractor working in Khost, Afghanistan, and was among those who perished in the suicide bombing at Forward Operating Base Chapman. He is said to be a former Navy SEAL.
The Pakistani Taliban had already claimed responsibility for the attack, which was said to be in retaliation for the drone attacks launched by the CIA that claimed the lives of several Taliban leaders. The suicide bomber, the Taliban claimed, is a CIA operative who has switched allegiances and has sided with the Taliban.


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Healthy foods to gain Muscle weight
BY: The News Voice
Gaining weight can be a difficult task for some people. Adding these following foods to your diet can be healthy and effective way to gain muscle weight.
Milk has been used as a weight gainer for a few decades and is a good source of calcium.
Rice is a great source of carbohydrates and is easy to consume and digest.
Red meats are one of the best body-building food and the best natural resource for dietary creatine.
Potatoes and other starches not only add carbs but also increase muscle glycogen stores.
Salmon and oily fish are excellent sources of protein and important healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids.
Dry fruits are high calorie snacks and also provide antioxidants and micronutrients.
You can make simple, high-calorie and well balanced meals by combining bread with proteins like eggs, meat etc.
Dark chocolate provides antioxidants along with calories. Cocoa helps regulate stress hormones and blood sugar levels.
The bottom line is you need to consume more calories than you are burning. Lifting weights is also important to build muscle instead of just adding fat.


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2 hrs 15 mins
From The Nourished Caveman/Vivica Menegaz. Low carb. Recipe calls for Stevia. I prefer honey, but I think this would make it too goopy to harden, so I went with the Stevia. Cook time is chill time.
My Private Note
Units: US | Metric
- 1Mix coconut with coconut cream, 1/2 t vanilla and 1/2 packet of stevia.
- 2Place on cooike sheet lined with parchment paper and form into 4 x 6 inch rectangle.
- 3Place in freezer 2 hours, until frozen solid.
- 4Meanwhile, melt coconut oil until liquid. Add cocoa, 1/2 packet of Stevia, 1/2 t vanilla. Mix well on low heat for about 2 minutes. Let cool to room temperature, but still liquid.
- 5Cut frozen coconut into 5 bars.
- 6Dip bars into cocoa mixture and place back on parchment paper lined cookie sheet.
- 7Allow to harden in refrigerator.
Browse Our Top < 4 Hours Recipes
You Might Also Like...View All < 4 Hours Recipes
Nutritional Facts for Coconut Chocolate Bars - Low Carb
Serving Size: 1 (76 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 5
- Amount Per Serving
- % Daily Value
- Calories 451.0
- Calories from Fat 368
- Total Fat 40.9 g
- Saturated Fat 36.1 g
- Cholesterol 0.0 mg
- Sodium 23.9 mg
- Total Carbohydrate 22.5 g
- Dietary Fiber 7.8 g
- Sugars 13.6 g
- Protein 3.7 g
The following items or measurements are not included:


As Hurricane Sandy peters out, we're left with the devastation she has left in her wake and a massive (and expensive) clean up effort. The Red Cross already has a relief fund set up and now Apple is getting in on it, allowing donations to be made through its iTunes music service.
CNet reports that the Red Cross now has an iTunes page that allows users to donate from $5 to $200 to the charity. One hundred percent of donations will go to the Red Cross -- Apple is just facilitating the donations through iTunes, and the Red Cross will not have access to your information.
Though it will be a while before we know the full extent of the damage Hurricane Sandy has caused, a recent estimate from IHS Global Insight put the bill at tens of billions of dollars. TIME magazine cites IHS as saying the hurricane could end up costing $20 billion in property damages and $10 billion to $30 billion more in lost business.
*Image via 9to5Mac


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A corrupt, viral and deadly economic and political system
by Baba Jahahara Amen-RA Alkebulan-Ma’at
6260 AAAK/ April 2020 JC-PG
Africans Deserve Reparations! Cause, Black Lives Truly Matter!
Greetings of IMANI (FAITH) Esteemed G-o-ds, Elders, Sister and Brother Leaders,
May our Divine Mother-Father Creator of and in All – and beloved Ancients and Ancestors from yesteryears and, literally, yesterday – find you and (y)our extended Family healthy during this unprecedented period in our story of humanity. WE hope you and your relatives are also safe and taking care of each other by following the wise instructions of our wise grassroots practitioners, trained and trusted medical professionals, and dedicated scientists as we face the currently unknown.
Our prayers go out to so many, at this moment, who have had loved ones become ill or worse, die. In particular, i am sending all the sacred energy i can muster towards the healing of our great Reparationists Baba Charles Barron (currently a State Assembly Member from New York) and his beloved wife Mama Inez Barron (who is a member of the New York City Council). They have both tested positive for the COVID-19 coronavirus. Asé.
Usually, i begin this part of my regular columns by honoring the precious lives and significant contributions of some of our most recent Ancestors. i certainly plan to continue this practice going forward.
However, if i may, let me first offer some well-deserved praise to the incredible nurses, techs and doctors who cared for me during my recent medical situation. After a brief stay in the hospital, my first since the mid-1970s, i feel extremely Blessed to be out and moving about.
This includes having received a NEGATIVE COVID-19 coronavirus test result for some lingering symptoms. i also got a close-up view of the many challenges currently facing our health care workers (who i’ve had the honor to help represent and advocate for here in the Bay Area, Chicago and New York in past decades). Asante Sana (Many Thanks) to all our committed providers … for your sacrifices, patience, sound advice, treatment, advocacy for patients and critical roles in our movements to create quality healthcare for all; as well as my closest relatives, friends, comrades and colleagues for your mighty and healing prayers for my well-being. Asé.
WE now pay our deepest respect and gratitude for some of our Beloveds who have recently transformed to Spirit. This includes, Elder RAPHAEL CANCEL MIRANDA, our revolutionary Puerto Rican human rights leader, independentista and former political prisoner (along with brave Ancestors LOLITA LEBRON, IRVIN FLORES RODRIGUEZ and ANDRES FIGUEROA CORDERO); Rev. JOSEPH LOWERY, one of our brave human rights leaders and a close colleague of Rev. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., Rev. RALPH ABERNATHY, Rev. WYATT TEE WALKER and others who founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); the great composer, jazz musician and pianist-extraordinaire MCCOY TYNER; Dr. LLAILA OLELA AFRIKA, our brilliant and innovative holistic educator; and JARVIS HASKIN, a long-time member of the International Longshore and Warehouse Workers Union (ILWU) who fell to his death while working to unload a container ship at our Port of Oakland. Asé. Asé. Asé-O.
Finally, WE honor the creative force known as Baba N’DOKE “MANU” DIBANGO, another great composer and musician from Alkebulan/Africa, specifically Cameroons. His most popular composition is the riveting, make-yo-body-shake “Soul Makoosa” (which has been sampled by numerous artists from MICHAEL JACKSON to Rihanna). Amazingly, recent tests have just informed me and my siblings that our paternal roots are of the Ewondo nation in Cameroons; while our maternal ancestry is Yoruba (present day Nigeria). Asé.
WE are grateful for the life, work and many contributions of these new and All of our incredible Ancestors. Long Live Their Spirits and Incredible Contributions! Asé. Asé. Asé-O!
Blessed 66th Birthday Baba Mumia Abu-Jamal! Free Them All!
WE continue to condemn the usa federal and state governments for their decades-long wrongful imprisonment of dozens of our most dedicated Freedom Fighters, particularly members of the Black Panther Party, Republic of New Afrika, American Indian Movement and anti-imperialist struggles.
This includes our brilliant comrade and activist-journalist Mumia Abu-Jamal. While Baba Mumia was finally moved off the “official” death row in 2012 – as the result of our international people’s organizing and superb legal counsel – he continues to suffer horribly at the sickening hands of Pennsylvania authorities.
As he commemorates his beloved Queen Mother EDITH COOK on his forthcoming 66th Sacred Solar Return on the 24th of April, let us step up our efforts to win his release. Please send him, and many others, a well-deserved card, letter or donation to their accounts; and stay abreast of current actions, by supporting our Jericho Amnesty Movement at https://www.thejerichomovement.com/home.
In addition, WE applaud Brother Chesa Boudin – the Sun of anti-imperialist activists and current political prisoner Elder David Gilbert – and newly-elected District Attorney of San Francisco, for having the courage to release a good number of those incarcerated in that county. He has also set in place policies that call on the police to stop their miserable history of arrests based on racial profiling. And, quite significantly, Boudin is now implementing Restorative Justice measures to address several recent cases in the community.
Let’s continue to expand these progressive processes to end mass incarceration. It is also critical for us to collectively demand officials, like Governors Newsom of California, Cuomo of New York, Pritzker of Illinois and all the others to carry out similar acts of justice and compassion. And, to immediately end the criminal abuse of our imprisoned relatives’ labor by forcing them to produce products for pennies in “wages.” No doubt, that’s slavery-no-chaser. Asé.
WE CONDEMN CAPITALISM!
Respectfully, i have a few questions for our readers. So, grab some paper and a pen. Sorry, i forgot. As our youthful organizers constantly remind me, i’m the only one who still uses those “stone-age” forms of communication. Please pick-up your i-pads, computers and fancy cellies. Are you ready? Here WE go.
Question #1. What has proven more devastating than the asteroid(s) that, allegedly, wiped out the dinosaurs? OK?
Question #2. Can you name something more destructive than the ever intensifying corporate-induced hurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons, wildfires and earthquakes that happen each year around our planet? Got it? All right, here’s your final,
Question, #3. Tell me the one thing more deadly than this current COVID-19 coronavirus that is sickening and killing off millions of people worldwide, thus far?
If you answered CAPITALISM for all three questions, you are absolutely correct. You see, widespread illnesses, regional epidemics, even global pandemics have occurred in the past and will probably happen in the future. Likewise, natural disasters are inevitable.
gimc is a system that has its origins in the European genocidal wars of enslavement and robbery of our African and Indigenous nations, which has continued for nearly five plus centuries.
However, it is the global imperialist monopoly capitalist (gimc) system – based on the super-exploitation of humanity’s working class majority as well as the squeezing of nature’s resources for the most profit$, which benefit the tiniest and wealthiest classes – that exacerbates and makes every problem worse. And, magnifies each disaster.
Headquartered on Wall Street and in London, Brussels, Moscow, Tokyo etc., gimc gives rise to and accelerates these murderous catastrophes. Why, you ask? Simply put, because its main motives are not the needs and well-being of the people.
Quality healthcare, nutritional food, safe and affordable housing, clean water, education, public transportation and anything that benefits and uplifts the majority of people is not a priority. On the contrary, the goal of gimc is achieving HIGHER RATES OF PROFIT! AND STOCK OPTIONS FOR THE RICH BENEFICIARIES! AT ALL COSTS (pun-intended). And to destroy whatever and whoever gets in its way. To the detriment of WE masses.
gimc is a system that has its origins in the European genocidal wars of enslavement and robbery of our African and Indigenous nations, which has continued for nearly five plus centuries. gimc’s quest for super-profits has led us to a planet constantly at war: Over fossil fuels, like oil, in Iraq, Amazonas and Afghanistan.
Certainly, over valuable natural resources, as in Congo. Wars over cheap labor, as in Asia. Over control over lucrative markets to sell commodities.
And foremost, unjust sanctions and wars carried out by the bloated gimc military forces to put down righteous movements for independence, self-determination, true democracy, land reform, workers’ power and strides toward a more humane socialistic order … from Africa to Cuba to Ayiti (Haiti) to Zimbabwe to Iran to Venezuela to Palestine.
It is this gimc system that over hundreds of years has shown the people the world over – especially the formerly colonized in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, the Caribbean and so-called central and south Americas – that they are expendable.
So, please OVERstand. This worldwide pandemic, looming economic depression and expected fascistic repression in response to the assured resistance of the people most affected and denied relief … are not simply about the policies and/or complete ignorance of one administration, like that of gimc’s current Agent #45, or one political party.
This is a systematic failure of gimc. And there, unfortunately, will be many more. Unless, WE collectively develop our agendas and take the power! Asé.
In the meantime, please stay safe, help each other and continue to get organized wherever you are … ByAnyMeans Necessary! WE hope, if it is in Divine Order, that WE can continue this analysis and dialogue next month, on May First: International Workers’ Day and later around our African Liberation Day. Asé.
As WE expressed in our last few columns, our H.R. 40, “The Commission to Study and Develop Reparations Proposals for African Americans Act,” is at a critical moment. First introduced by Congressman and new Ancestor JOHN CONYERS JR., the bill was introduced most recently by Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee of Houston in January 2019.
With appreciation to our National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N’COBRA), and many of you and your networks, WE now have more endorsers in the U.S. House of Representatives than ever before. But WE need an additional 25 to reach our goal of 150 to force full hearings beginning this June(teenth). So, WE are calling on all Africans, as well as our true friends and allies, in San Francisco and the south bay to immediately call up Speaker Nancy Pelosi (at 415-556-4862 and 202-225-4965); as well as Rep. Zoe Lofgren (at 408-271-8700 and 202-225-3072), one of the designated Trump Impeachment Managers, representing parts of the south bay including San Jose. Tell them to endorse H.R. 40 right now!
In addition, WE continue to encourage every registered voter in California to immediately call up Sen. Diane Feinstein who – as the ranking Democratic Party member on the Senate Judiciary Committee with a net worth of close to $80 million – has not yet apologized for disrespecting African people and not endorsed the S.1083 Reparations legislation in the U.S. Senate. Please call Sen. Feinstein’s offices at 415-393-0707 in San Francisco, or 202-224-3841 in Washington?
Also, i ask again, very respectfully: If two white dudes in Vermont, by the name of Ben and Jerry, can endorse and advocate for our Reparations H.R. 40/S. 1083 legislation and hearings, shouldn’t that be the least that WE can do as organizations and individuals? And, shouldn’t WE demand the same of every elected official and candidate as they flood our mailboxes and airwaves over the coming months towards the November 2020 election?
As always, WE invite your membership and leadership in helping expand our National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N’COBRA). Go to www.ncobraonline.org or reach us locally at email@example.com. With our collective actions and contributions, WE will soon reach our Goal and Destination of REPARATIONS RIGHT NOW! Asé.
Please Support Our Bay View
During these unparalleled times, WE again appeal for your desperately-needed contribution to maintain our San Francisco Bay View newspaper. Please consider placing an ad, or taking out a subscription for yourself or an incarcerated family member.
As expressed many times before, WE are struggling mightily to keep this voice of liberation in print and distributed FOR FREE throughout the Bay Area and around the united capitalist prison terrorist states of america (including to numerous penitentiaries where our Bay View is not currently banned due to our radical political stances and giving a voice to the voiceless).
Please, please make a tax-deductible donation ASAP by calling us at 415-671-0789. Or, go to our website at www.sfbayview.com. You can also send contributions of any amount the old-fashioned way by mailing a check or money order to 4917 Third St., San Francisco, CA 94124. Asante Sana (Many Thanks)! Asé.
#BlackLivesMatter #AfricansDeserveReparations #BringOurEldersHomeNow #AbolishPrisons #LoveandDefendMotherEarth
Jahahara Amen-RA Alkebulan-Ma’at is a Baba (Father), Pan Africanist, socialist, internationalist, “FREE-tired” community-labor-environmental and justice organizer, writer, musician and author of several books, including “Many Paths to Kujichagulia (Self-Determination).” He is also a Life Member, former National Co-Chair and recently-assigned Acting Western Regional Representative of the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N’COBRA). Take a listen to a few songs from his musical catalog at https://soundcloud.com/search?q=jahahara. Invite Baba Jahahara to present at your group, school, church or event c/o firstname.lastname@example.org or FONAMI, P.O. Box 10963, Oakland, CA 94610.


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The Trophy Club
|Black M: 75.3/138||483||576||445||212||369||464||421||214||576||3760||356||553||337||481||202||422||519||220||467||3557||7317|
|Blue M: 72.1/130||431||504||402||194||299||422||402||183||528||3365||327||501||314||431||163||401||481||191||406||3215||6580|
|White M: 69.6/124||389||456||370||160||270||383||350||150||492||3020||313||470||305||391||141||366||448||173||379||2986||6006|
|Green W: 69.3/118||293||399||317||124||215||323||302||107||431||2511||272||433||273||316||110||296||400||116||323||2539||5050|
Best of Lists
Golf Advisor: Top 25 Course Conditions in the U.S.
Golf Advisor: Top Courses in Indiana
Golf Advisor: Top 25 Courses for Layout in the U.S.
Golf Advisor: Best of Golf Advisor
Golf Advisor: Top 25 Value Courses in the U.S.
Trophy Club is an absolute gem in the greater Indianapolis area which is full of an array of very quality courses. Having lived in the area for the past 4 years, I have played almost all of the top courses but always find myself teeing it up at The Trophy Club, to the tune of probably over 50 times.
The course features great width off the tee, which allows for players of all skill levels to get the ball in play and better players to create angles to attack. The setup creates chances to score, but also must be aware of many of the well placed hazards and obstacles lurking nearby.
Features really fun green complexes, and they do a good job putting pins in areas that force you to make decisions of whether play conservative or attack.
Pace of Play is usually great playing during the week, or early/late on weekend. Like any public course, will get busy during mid-day Sat/Sun. Often playing as a single, the friendly staff has always been accommodating to help me get out in front of groups, or pair and introduce me to other players to help with pace of play.
Overall - if you are passing through the area or haven't been up to play it yet, you should definitely make an effort to do so. You will not be disappointed.
I want to thank Tropy Club for posting tee times on Golf now. The course was in fantastic shape! We could not have asked for a more perfect day...no wind..unusual. we were a twosome that teed off at 1:30 and never waited or were pushed the whole day! Half way house attendant was great . The course also has one of the best driving ranges around. Keep up the good work Trophy Club and I look forward to my next round at your fine facility!
Course is in great shape. Only issue was they allowed a 5 some of older gentleman and they were hold up 5 groups behind them. Took just shy of 6 hours to play 18 holes. We teed off at noon and finished just shy of 6 pm. Rediculis
Outstanding Course, Terrific Staff!
You gotta play this one!
Very open, links-type course with wonderful scenery. Very challenging for the better golfer, but plenty of room to accommodate those who spray the ball a bit, too....like.... :)
Staff is excellent; overall a great value in the north side of Indy!
Best value in Indy area. Challenging course. Awesome staff!
Best Course for the $$ in Indiana
I've played Trophy Club many times and there is no doubt that it's the best course for the money in the state of Indiana. It's a very unique layout, very challenging yet fair and always in excellent condition. Just a word to the wise, you better have the flat stick working if you want to score!!
cold day but very warm hospitality
as always course was very good and greens were excellant for bad cold weather 39 degrees always a treat to play Trophy club and the young man behind the counter was super, will be back when it warms a little
The course opened after the frigid month we've had, and it was in great shape for January. Heck, it was in great shape for most of the year.
Always love going here. The course continues to have its way with me. Even when playing well, one slip up and it's double-bogey time. Especially in the heart of the back 9. 13-17 will give you all you can handle any time of year.
Add in the persistent wind there, and yeah, bring your A game if you want to score. Otherwise, just smile and enjoy a great course as it kicks your butt.
Not your typical Indiana golf course
First time in almost five years that I’ve played here, and it is just as amazing as I remember. Very creative hole routing, surprisingly hilly in area, plenty of bunkers and water hazards. There is a reason why this course is so highly rated. The staff treated me great, even playing as a single, which wasn’t an issue since the weather forecast scared many other golfers away. The course played incredibly long that day because of all the recent rain, but the green were in very good shape. Hope to play here again in the near future.
Not for walkers
I played this course after it had rained the night before and it was cart paths only. Seeing I have had 4 surgeries and 2 left knee replacements it was very difficult for me to finish. To walk from 75-100 yards from the cart path to the ball was too much for me and my knee. It was a great course and for the time of year the overall course was good. Just too much for an older guy of 67 and my knee to finish.
Right place play golf
Right place play golf Enjoy playing this course every time I play it I would say this is what mine is courses in the state of Indiana looking forward to play again
The fairways and greens were in excellent condition. The heather was cut down which was very nice when I hit a few in there.
Pete Dye protege
One of my favorite courses in Indiana. Tim Liddy is a masterful architect. It's a fair course, but requires skill to shoot in the 80's. Turf is fantastic with rolling terrain and slick undulated putting surfaces. It's an incredible value for the price. This course ranks right along with Prarie View, Bearslide, Purgatory, Coyote Crossing, the Purdue courses, Plum Creek and all the top loops in Indiana. Driving range right next to clubhouse.
Stay & Play Offers
Free Range Balls2 for 1 Range Balls
Exclusive Tee Time (Availability or Discounts)
Merchandise Discount% Off Soft Goods

domain: hobby


text:
Sujiman Kupa Lolinco Virgo
|Country of Origin||Japan|
|Dim. (L x W x H in.)||7.50 x 4.00 x 3.25|
|# of Holes||1 Hole|
|Hole Design||Closed Hole|
|Hole Construction||Dual Layer|
Magic Eyes has been busy with new version of their popular products for summer 2015. This time, it's their Sujiman Kupa Lolinco with a new version called Sujiman Kupa Lolinco Virgo that's bigger with a new tunnel design compared to the original. For those who are new to the series, the strange "Sujiman Kupa" name is Japanese slang for "camel-toe"that perfectly describe the design of this onahole. This onahole has a camel toe exterior entrance which covers the interior dual-layer design. Upon spreading the camel toe outer walls apart, you will find a very detailed crafted inner-hole design that is a bigger scale of the original Lolinco with all kinds of realistic bumps, folds, and mini G-spot structure. Sujiman Kupa Lolinco Virgo has a hybrid dual-layer construction, the beginning of the tunnel has a thick layer of the harder more stimulating material. As you go deeper into the tunnel, the thickness of the inner layer decreases to the very end. You'll experience a softer stimulation at the back of the stoke compared to the beginning giving you the best of both worlds. The textures of the tunnel was designed to work with this Hybrid dual-layer construction. At the very beginning of the entrance are multiple tight "gates" with lotion grooves between them. Each gate closes around your member for an enveloped sensation while the groove in between reapplies lotion as you stoke in and out. As you move further into the softer material, the textures also become less protruding and more mellow towards the end. Throughout the tunnel are tiny bumps, grooves, and nubs to vary the feel of the tunnel during your stroke. The curve of the tunnel is now more pronounced compared to the original Lolinco to create a better sensation. The end of the tunnel also has a new "Balugo" ending with a tight gate right before. "Balugo" is Japanese for virgin chamber and is a tight cervix structure for stimulation deep into the tunnel. From the outside, the shape of Sujiman Kupa Lolinco Virgo is a miniature body similar to the Girl In The Box sleeves. The original Lolinco is already quite hefty but the Virgin version weights in at 900g (almost two pounds), twice the weight of Lolinco and feels even more meaty in your hands. The length of Sujiman Kupa Lolinco Virgo increased 25% while the width increased 37% over the original. With all these great features, Magic Eyes adds another great option in Sujiman Kupa Lolinco Virgo to their Sujiman Kupa series.
*Use only water-based lotion or lube with this product.


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1918 Yellow Curtiss JN-4 Model
The Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" was one of a series of "JN" biplanes built by the Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York. This fighter bi-plane was one of the most capable, faster and stronger than many of its contemporaries. This replica model of the Curtiss Jenny is handmade on a scale of 1:24. It features iron frame, wire accents, propeller and wheels. A must have for the collector and enthusiast!
All items are shipped from the Museum Store in Kansas City, Missouri.
Items will be fulfilled within 3 days of order placement. Standard shipping times will vary depending on the shipping method chosen at check-out.
Merchandise may be returned within 14 days of purchase for a refund in the form of original payment.
For more information about our policies, visit our Shipping and Returns page.

domain: history


Global Internet Exchange IPv6 Service is now on
NetIX is ready for the next-generation services
NetIX continues to put efforts in providing its existing and potential members with good quality services and improved efficiency. One of NetIX services, the Global Internet Exchange (GIX) is now IPv6 enabled.
One year after the World IPv6 Launch the global use of IPv6 has more than doubled for a third straight year. More information on how the IPv6 World is available at http://www.worldipv6launch.org/.
With the IPv4 address space exhaustion, IPv6 is now vital to business continuity. Since the address space used by the IPv4 version of the Internet protocol is expected to run out in the next years, switching to IPv6 is a milestone for every business. Each endpoint on the Internet - a computer, a mobile device, or a TV set - relies on a unique IP address to communicate and as their numbers grow, we need more addresses so they can all stay connected.
The IPv6 GIX service is created to exclusively meet the demands of high-bandwidth carriers, such as Internet service providers, telecom operators, and content providers by providing additional value and enhanced performance.
To test and order the IPv6 GIX service, contact the NetIX team!


BRIGGS 'I WISH' FILM CLIP
The long awaited second clip from Briggs' debut album 'The Blacklist' finally hits the internet.
'I Wish', produced by Suffa from the Hilltop Hoods is the 2nd clip from Briggs' The Blacklist. The clip is directed by Oli Sansom and producers Zoo Crew.
'The Blacklist' is available now from iTunes http://itunes.apple.com/au/album/the-blacklist/id391436347 or from JB HiFi.
I Wish Remix feat. Hau (Koolism) is available on the 2012 Golden Era Mixtape available from http://www.goldenerarecords.com.au


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We realize that to build a great brand, you have to behave like one.
ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, Ill. (PRWEB) April 26, 2018
Award winning product development and tech consulting firm Optimal Design announced today they were recently named one of 2018 Best Places to Work in Illinois, their 3rd recognition in a row. The awards program began in 2006 and is promoted by The Daily Herald Business Ledger in partnership with the Human Resources Management Association of Chicago (HRMAC), the Illinois Chamber of Commerce, MRA-The Management Association, the Small Business Advocacy Council, the Greater Oak Brook Chamber of Commerce and Best Companies Group.
This statewide survey and awards program was designed to identify, recognize and honor the best places of employment in Illinois, benefiting the state’s economy, workforce and businesses. Companies from across the state entered the two-part process to determine the Best Places to Work in Illinois. The first part consisted of evaluating each nominated company’s workplace policies, practices, and demographics. This part of the process was worth approximately 25% of the total evaluation. The second part consisted of an employee survey to measure the employee experience. This part of the process was worth approximately 75% of the total evaluation.
“It is our people and our culture that keeps our team engaged and looking forward to coming to work everyday,” states Joe Wascow, Chief Marketing Officer and Co-Founder at Optimal Design. “Our foundational goal has always been to build a best-in-class brand and serve our clients who rank among the world’s leading innovators,” Wascow continues. “We realize that to build a great brand, you have to behave like one. Our employees deliver on our brand promise every day – To Advance Human Ability – and we keep that same promise to our employees to make them better, to innovate for life. That promise benefits us all and it’s why we’re recognized as the Best Place to Work, three years in a row. We are very appreciative and grateful for this recognition.”
Optimal Design will be recognized and honored at the Best Places to Work in Illinois awards ceremony coordinated by The Daily Herald Business Ledger on May 17 and will be profiled in a special publication on June 18. The final rankings will be announced at the event and announced on the Business Ledger website (http://www.dhbusinessledger.com).
For more information on the Best Places to Work in Illinois program, visit http://www.BestPlacestoWorkinIL.com
ABOUT Optimal Design
Optimal Design is an award-winning product development and tech consulting firm specializing in the design and engineering of Mobile Products, Virtual Reality Systems and devices for the Internet of Things. Much of their success is attributable to their keen analysis of profitable tech spaces and Optimal’s integrated services including technology R&D, industrial design, mechanical and electrical engineering, software development, prototyping and production sourcing. With a key role in over 150 patents over the past 15 years, Optimal brings a proven track record in creating intellectual property that protects the client’s investment. Please contact firstname.lastname@example.org or visit http://www.optimaldesignco.com to learn more.

domain: economics


text:
NRL is the top-tier rugby-league competition in Australia and New Zealand. Sixteen teams battle it out over 25 rounds to be crowned the premiership champion. Wide World of Sports look forward to bringing you all the rugby league action with the latest news and headlines, highlights and talk about players, injuries and recovery, live scores, game results & more.
Signing of champion half touted in Dragons bid
Anthony Griffin is set to dangle a gun half as a 'carrot' to the Dragons in his bid to get the coaching job at the club.
Joey's next Bulldogs buy after 'great signing'
Andrew Johns has named three potential targets for the Bulldogs to sign after some "great" news this week.
Why Maloney is perfect fit for NRL battlers
Rugby league legends Andrew Johns and Brad Fittler have backed James Maloney to make a successful NRL return.
Origin hero on brink of shock NRL return
Don't be surprised if rugby league's best 'Mr Fix-it' - James Maloney - makes a return to the NRL in 2021.
Maloney opens up on NRL return rumours
Former NSW playmaker James Maloney addressed talk that he could return to the NRL on a short-term deal this season.
Gal casts doubts over Cooper NRL switch
Paul Gallen has questioned teams considering the prospect of signing international stars who are stuck in lockdown.
Maloney sledges SBW at Super League season launch
Ex-NRL stars Sonny Bill Williams and James Maloney didn't hold back with the trash talk at the Super League season launch.
Records tumble as Panthers farewell Maloney
Penrith have registered their biggest score of the season in a 54-10 dead-rubber home win over the Newcastle Knights.
Fittler takes heavy swipe at former club
Brad Fittler has put a line through the Panthers NRL finals hopes declaring the club is not cut out to win big games.
'Terrible': Gus' radical judiciary overhaul
Phil Gould has made the explosive call that the answer to fixing the NRL judiciary lies in Sam Burgess' let-off.