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Use of alcohol and drugs by Norwegian employees: a pilot study using questionnaires and analysis of oral fluid
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology volume 5, Article number: 13 (2010)
The use of alcohol and drugs may affect workplace safety and productivity. Little is known about the magnitude of this problem in Norway.
Employee recruitment methods with or without individual follow-up were compared. The employees filled in a questionnaire and provided a sample of oral fluid. Samples were analysed for alcohol, ethyl glucuronide (EtG; a biological marker of recent large alcohol intake), psychoactive medicinal drugs and illegal drugs.
Participation rates with and without individual follow-up were 96% and 68%, respectively. Alcohol was negative (≤0.1 mg/ml) in all samples, but 21.0% reported the intake of alcohol during the last 24 h. EtG was positive (>2.2 ng/ml) in 2.1% of the samples. In-efficiency or hangover at work during the past year was reported by 24.3%, while 6.2% had been absent from work due to the use of alcohol. The combination of self-report and analytical testing indicated that medicinal or illegal drugs had been used during the last 48 h by 5.1% and 1.7% of the participants, respectively; while only 4.2% and 0.4% admitted the use in the questionnaire.
Self-reported data suggest that hangover after drinking alcohol appears to be the largest substance abuse problem at Norwegian workplaces, resulting in absence and inefficiency at work. Analysis of oral fluid revealed that the use of illegal drugs was more common than drinking alcohol before working or at the workplace. The analysis of oral fluid may be a valuable tool in obtaining additional information on alcohol and drug use compared to using questionnaires alone.
Alcohol use may affect workplace safety and productivity primarily in three ways: impairment due to the presence of alcohol in the blood, residual after-effects after large alcohol intake (in this report called "hang-over"), which also may result in short-term sick leave, and long-term sick leave due to chronic illnesses caused by alcohol abuse .
The use of psychoactive drugs may also affect safety and productivity. Approximately 20% of workers in Norway are using prescribed medicinal drugs with abuse potential, primarily sleeping agents, tranquillizers, and opioid analgesics . The use of illegal drugs is less common in Norway than in the USA and some countries in southern Europe. In a Norwegian study published in 2001, only 2.7% of employees reported having used illegal drugs during the previous 12 months , while in a study performed in 2004, 2.2% of the general population reported the use of cannabis during last month according to the EMCDDA report for 2009 . In comparison, about 7% of the general population in Spain and Italy reported the use of cannabis during last month , and 8.0% of American full-time workers and 10.2% of part-time workers reported the use of illegal drugs during last month according to the US national survey for 2008 .
Workplace drug testing (WDT) programmes were initiated in the USA in the 1980s to reduce alcohol and drug related accidents on the workplace . Some companies experienced marked reduction in accidents after implementing WDT programmes . Studies on productivity found that subjects testing positive for drugs used more sick leave, and had higher risks for being fired, and had higher turnover [8, 9]. It was also claimed that WDT programmes would create drug-free workplaces which would improve job satisfaction . However, other studies were not able to confirm the findings mentioned above. Today an important purpose of WDT programmes is to get substance abusing employees into treatment, provide the opportunity to get help, and to get the individuals back on the job .
WDT programmes are used for pre-employment testing (e.g., requiring urine samples from job applicants) and thus rejecting applicants being positive for illegal drugs, but also for post-employment surveillance (e.g., requiring urine samples from existing employees on a random, comprehensive, or suspicion basis) and for follow-up testing. The use of WDT is increasing in Europe, but is not as widespread as in the USA. In Europe WDT is mainly done in the transport, petrochemical, shipping, automobile, pharmaceutical and computer industry, and for call centres . In Norway few companies have implemented this type of programme.
Normally, urine samples are used for WDT. The samples are most commonly tested for amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates and sometimes benzodiazepines and alcohol [12–14]. The finding of a drug or drug metabolite in urine will not indicate drug impairment at the time of sampling; it merely indicates that the drug has been used within a time period of several days or more prior to sampling, including use that does not directly affect working safety or productivity. Blood samples could be used to reveal possible alcohol and drug influence at the time of sampling. Furthermore, blood samples could also be used to look for biological markers of high alcohol consumption and might therefore give more information about the alcohol consumption during the last months [15, 16]. Blood samples are rarely used in WDT programmes because taking a blood sample may be considered as a stronger invasion of privacy than taking a urine sample. Oral fluid may be used to detect and monitor recent use of alcohol (i.e. during the last 12 hours) and drugs (during the last 1-2 days), and the use of oral fluid testing in WDT has been increasing during the last years [17–20]. Oral fluid is an easily available medium that can be collected with non-invasive methods without the intrusion of privacy and with little chance of adulteration (unlike urine). Oral fluid has about the same detection time window as blood regarding alcohol and drugs, and can to some extent be a substitute for blood samples; oral fluid is probably the only other easily available body fluid that might parallel blood in some regards and may be related to behavioural performance . The presence of drugs or drug metabolites in oral fluid indicate very recent drug intake , and reflects better than urine whether the subject may be impaired by drugs or alcohol at time of sampling .
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a metabolite of alcohol that can be used as biological markers of recent alcohol intake [23–27]. EtG is usually measured in samples of urine or blood, but can also be detected in oral fluid . High concentrations of EtG in oral fluid might reflect very recent intake of large amounts of alcohol even when no alcohol can be detected in the blood. However, the concentration of EtG in oral fluid, blood or urine does not reflect the alcohol consumption over a longer period of time and can therefore not be used to uncover excessive alcohol consumption or alcoholism. The kinetics of EtG in oral fluid compared to blood and urine has recently been published .
The aims of this pilot project were: to compare self-reported alcohol and drug use with results from analysis of oral fluid, to obtain information about the use of alcohol and drugs in the Norwegian workplace, and to examine some of the consequences that alcohol and drug use may have for sick leave, in-efficiency and hang-over at work. An additional aim was to compare two procedures for recruiting participants: one procedure with close contact between study personnel and employees and another procedure without.
The procedures for recruitment of companies and employees was agreed upon in a meeting with representatives from The Norwegian Business and Industry Security Council, The Workplace Advisory Centre for Issues Related to Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Gambling in the Workplace, and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprises. The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics.
Ten companies, research institutes and public administration bodies (hereafter called the "companies") were invited to participate in the project. In addition, advertisements were published in newsletters, newspapers and on websites, resulting in responses from two companies. In total, only four companies decided to participate. In addition, we collaborated with the Norwegian Transport Directorate at one checking station for heavy vehicles to include truck drivers.
The employees were recruited at the participating companies by first selecting one day for each company, then contacting all employees who either were present in the building or who passed the main entrance door during defined time periods. Employees were recruited within the first three hours after starting their work in the morning.
Occupational drivers were recruited at a checking station by first selecting two days, then contacting as many drivers as possible during two 2-hour periods within the timeframes of the scheduled heavy vehicle checks determined by the Norwegian Transport Directorate, covering both day and night.
Written and verbal information about the project was given, and participation was voluntary and anonymous.
Two approaches for recruiting participants were used, but only one method within each company.
Recruitment procedure "A"
In some companies and for all occupational drivers, each employee was approached individually by one project assistant and asked to participate. An explanation about the project was given, and each person had the opportunity to ask questions. Those who agreed to participate completed a written questionnaire and provided an oral fluid specimen. The filled-in questionnaire and the sample of oral fluid were placed in a closed envelope and were collected by the project assistant either immediately of within short time of up to one hour.
Recruitment procedure "B"
For other companies, an envelope containing the questionnaire and sampling kit for oral fluid, including instructions for use, were given to random employees when entering the company facilities in the morning. The employees were asked to deliver the questionnaire and the oral fluid sample in closed envelopes at specified sites before noon. They were given the phone number of a project assistant so that they could ask questions, if necessary.
Sampling of oral fluid
Oral fluid was sampled using the Statsure Saliva Sampler™ (Statsure Diagnostic Systems, Framingham MA, USA), which had an indicator that turned blue when about 1.0 ml oral fluid had been collected. This device did not contain any saliva-stimulating agents. It was chosen because initial testing showed that samples collecting with this device were better suitable for the analysis of EtG than some other devices. For recruitment procedure "A", samples were chilled (about 2-8°C) for up to 10 hours, and thereafter kept frozen until the analyses were performed. For collection procedure "B", samples were kept at room temperature (about 22-25°C) for up to 5 hours before frozen.
Alcohol was determined by an enzymatic method . The method was initially developed for the analysis of alcohol in blood and urine. Before we used it in this study, the method was validated for the analysis of alcohol in oral fluid. EtG and drugs were analysed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectroscopy [28, 31]. The compounds analysed and the cut-off concentrations (in the mixture of oral fluid and buffer) are presented in Table 1. The cut-off concentrations were lower than those proposed by SAMHSA  in the USA because we wanted to detect all recent use of medicinal and illegal drugs to compare with self-reported drug use. The following drugs were defined as illegal: amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDEA, MDMA (ecstacy), cocaine, THC, and 6-monoacetylmorphine.
Pearson's Chi-Square two-sided test for categorical variables was used for statistical evaluation of results in relation to age group by using SPSS 14.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
A total of 526 employees participated in the study, representing research and development (n = 82), manufacturing and warehouse (n = 107), transportation (n = 126) and public administration (n = 211). Of these, 181 were women and 281 were men, while 64 subjects did not report the gender in the questionnaire. All age groups were represented. Two individuals did not provide samples of oral fluid, while seven did not fill in the questionnaire.
The total participation rate was 82%. For the employees who were followed-up individually by a project assistant (recruitment procedure "A"), the participation rate was 96%, while when the employee was asked to deliver the questionnaire and sample in boxes at specified sites (recruitment procedure "B"), the participation rate was 68%.
Age and gender
The distributions of age and gender were different for the companies studied. As a result of the fact that only one recruitment procedure was used in each company, and that few companies participated, the distribution of age and gender were different for the participants recruited with the two procedures. For recruitment procedure "A", 16.5% were females and 20.1% were below 30 years of age; while for recruitment procedure "B", 61.1% were females and 8.5% were below 30 years of age. Therefore, we have not sufficient data to perform a good comparison of men and women, different age groups, or different recruitment procedures.
Results of questionnaire and analysis of oral fluid
The principal results of the questionnaire and analysis of oral fluid are presented in Table 2. Drug concentrations in oral fluid and possible explanations are presented in Table 3 for all cases where drugs were found.
When using recruitment procedure "A", which had a participation rate of 96%, 0.7% reported the use of illegal drugs in the questionnaire, whereas such drugs were found in 2.2% of the oral fluid samples (results not shown). In total, 3.0% either reported use of illegal drugs or were found to be positive for illegal drugs when analysing oral fluid. Of those with procedure "B", none reported illegal drug use, and no oral fluid sample was positive for illegal drugs.
As the number of men recruited with procedure "A" was fairly high, a comparison of males below and above 35 years of age was performed, results are presented in Table 4.
The primary aims of this pilot project were to compare self-reported use of alcohol and drugs with analytical results for oral fluid, to demonstrate the usefulness of EtG as a marker of large alcohol intake before a working session, to study the participation rate when using two procedures for the collection of questionnaires and samples of oral fluid, and to collect some preliminary data on alcohol and drug use in the workplace in Norway.
Only a few additional cases of alcohol use, as indicated by the presence of EtG, were detected when analysing oral fluid in addition to using a questionnaire. However, the detection of EtG indicates an alcohol consumption of more than six drinks the night before , and a large proportion of the EtG-positive subjects did not report an alcohol consumption of that magnitude. Thus, the incidence of large alcohol intake was under-reported in the questionnaires. This agrees with the finding in a previous study, where the self-reported alcohol consumption was found to be significantly lower than actual alcohol consumption .
The analysis of oral fluid revealed some additional drug users compared to self-reported use. The use of psychoactive medicinal drugs was reported by 4.2%, but additional 0.9% was found by analysing oral fluid. The use of illegal drugs was reported by only 0.4%, and additional 1.3% was found by analysing oral fluid. Thus, users of illegal drugs were much more reluctant to admitting drug use than users of alcohol and medicinal drugs. Similar results have been found in other studies [34, 35]. Since about 20% of the invited employees refused to participate, the real fraction of employees that had used illegal drugs during the last 48 hours may probably be higher.
The participation rate was very high if each employee was met individually before and after the questionnaire was filled in and the sample of oral fluid was collected. If the employees were asked to return the questionnaire and sample in a container within a couple of hours for later pick-up by the project team, the participation rate was significantly lower.
The use of illegal drugs was most commonly detected when the participation rate was high. This may suggest that a larger number of employees who suspected that a sample of oral fluid would reveal the use of illegal drugs refused to participate when not being followed up individually by a project assistant. However, differences in gender and age distributions between companies using the two recruitment procedures may be contributing to the observed difference.
In our study of male workers using procedure "A", both the incidences of binge drinking (more than 6 drinks in one occasion), absence from work, hangover and deficient memory were significantly higher among men below 35 years of age compared to older men. Similar result were found in a previous study . The use of illegal drugs seemed also to be more prevalent among younger men, although not statistically significant; however, in a previous survey among random drivers, the highest prevalence of illegal drugs was also seen among young male drivers . The use of psychoactive medicinal drugs seemed to be more prevalent among men at an age of 35 or higher. Similar results were found among drivers . Data from the Norwegian Prescription Database  confirms that the use of psychoactive medicinal drugs is more common among older men.
There is a large variation in drug concentrations ratios between oral fluid and blood, so blood drug concentrations cannot be accurately estimated by using concentrations in oral fluid . Drug concentrations in oral fluid can neither be used to assess psychomotor impairment nor assess whether decision-making is affected. However, the drug findings may be used to suggest whether or not a person has used a normal therapeutic dose of a medicinal drug, or whether or not the use of an illegal drug happened shortly before sampling. The concentrations of medicinal drugs found in our study suggested that normal therapeutic doses of medicinal drugs had been used, except in one case where also methamphetamine had been taken.
A combination of methamphetamine and diazepam was found in two samples. In those cases, amphetamine was also detected as a metabolite of methamphetamine. The combination of methamphetamine and sedatives may indicate chronic addictive methamphetamine use. The detection time frame for methamphetamine in oral fluid has been reported to be about 24 hours , but might be longer after intake of large doses. In one case the concentrations of both methamphetamine and diazepam were very high, indicating very recent intake of large doses. In the second case, the intake may have happened 1-2 days ago, or a smaller dose might have been taken recently. The abuse of amphetamines should be a serious concern for their employers.
The detection time frame for THC in oral fluid is about 34 hours . We found both very high and fairly low concentrations of THC in our study. In a study performed by Kauert and co-workers, THC concentrations of 18 ± 12 ng/ml were observed 6 hours after smoking cannabis . Similar results were observed in another study . Based on these results, it is likely that three of the five subjects with positive THC findings in our study had smoked cannabis within 6 hours before sampling of oral fluid.
It seems likely that three to five of the seven workers who had used illegal drugs had probably reduced working performance at the time of sampling of oral fluid.
EtG was found in samples from 11 subjects. Knowing that an alcohol intake corresponding to six drinks or more is needed in order to give detectable concentration of EtG in oral fluid about 12 hours after start of drinking , we may assume that a proportion of those subjects experienced hangover at work at the time of oral fluid sampling. Hangover after alcohol use may be a more significant reason for reduced performance among Norwegian employees than alcohol impairment at work. This is also in compliance with the self-reported inefficiency or hangover at work using the questionnaire.
Our findings suggest that analysis of oral fluid may be a valuable tool in obtaining supplementary information when performing studies on the use of alcohol and drugs with questionnaires, particularly regarding the use of illegal drugs, which was very much under-reported. Our findings also suggest that the use of drugs may be more common than drinking alcohol prior to working or at the workplace. Self-reported data suggest that hangover after alcohol use may be a more significant problem at the workplace than impairment by alcohol or drugs at work.
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This study was financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council.
Thanks to The Norwegian Business and Industry Security Council and The Workplace Advisory Centre for Issues Related to Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Gambling in the Workplace (AKAN) for participating in the planning and recruitment process.
Thanks to Henriette Mikkelsen, Ada Josefine Rognerud, Azemira Sabaredzovic, Wenche Andresen, Ida Nord, and Bjørg S. Pettersen for recruiting participants and collecting samples and questionnaires.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
All authors participated in designing the study and interpreting the data. BY had the main responsibility for planning and coordinating the acquisition of data. HG had the main responsibility for drafting the manuscript, and all coauthors contributed in revising it critically for intellectual content. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Gjerde, H., Christophersen, A.S., Moan, I.S. et al. Use of alcohol and drugs by Norwegian employees: a pilot study using questionnaires and analysis of oral fluid. J Occup Med Toxicol 5, 13 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-5-13
- Sick Leave
- Oral Fluid
- Illegal Drug
- Recruitment Procedure

domain: medical


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Right about now, I am very much missing the vacation that wasn’t.
Every year toward the end of the summer, my wife and I join friends for a week on the beach. I love it all. I come prepared with an armload or two of books, and spend a glorious week stretched out on the hot sand. I read to my heart’s content, splash about in the ocean, sip fruity rum drinks (something I never do when there is not an ocean nearby), lose at Scrabble and, with my wife, cook up a storm.
The cooking is one of the parts of the vacation I look forward to the most. There is something uniquely satisfying about cooking a good meal for others. It is basically the only thing I can do well, and I enjoy showing off my abilities to friends who otherwise do not have much reason to find me impressive.
In addition, by the universally accepted rule of vacations, whoever does the cooking does not have to do the dishes. And I would much rather cook for two hours than clean up afterward for 30 minutes.
Plus, we get a week’s worth of good meals out of it. Win-win.
I don’t mean to imply that our friends do not do any of the cooking. They do. But we make most of the dinners as well as the unplanned snacks: my homemade pico de gallo is something of a tradition, and who else is going to make the fresh chocolate bread for breakfast?
But this year, for reasons of COVID, there was no trip to the beach. And while I regret that terribly, a little part of me is secretly glad. The cooking part.
The problem is, we are getting old and infirm. Even the younger ones among us are getting infirm. And that makes cooking for the group harder and harder still.
One of us is allergic to fish, which is practically a tragedy when at the beach. She can eat all of the shellfish she wants — which is important when another tradition is buying a half-bushel of ridiculously overpriced steamed crabs for dinner — but she can’t have fish that swims.
No mahi-mahi. No tuna. No black sea bass.
No salmon. It’s not native to the East Coast, but still: No salmon.
Another one of our number, after years of unexplained-but-worsening stomach troubles, has finally found relief with a low-FODMAP diet. FODMAP stands for Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides and Polyols, which I’m sure I don’t have to tell you are short chain sugars that are not easily digested or absorbed in the intestines.
Basically, she experiences tremendous discomfort or pain if she eats a wide variety of foods, many of which are exactly the kinds of thing I like to cook at the beach: sweet corn, onions, garlic, mushrooms, peaches (her husband makes a peach pie at the beach every year), cherries, watermelon, breads, cereals, pastas, crackers, nuts, milk, cream, ice cream, custard and soft cheese.
That’s rough, and this list is by no means all-inclusive. But at least she can eat hard cheese.
Which is precisely one of the things another of our group, her son-in-law, has discovered he cannot eat. After years of unexplained-but-worsening stomach troubles, he is now staying away from all dairy products and all gluten. No cakes, breads, pies. Nothing made with wheat.
Seriously, what is there left to cook?
These are not fad diets, either; these are restrictions our small group has to follow in order to stay healthy. They are not going away, and they will probably get worse.
So part of me — the cooking part — is glad that I am missing the vacation that wasn’t. But I miss the rest of it: the sun, the sand, the surf, the books.
But not the losing at Scrabble. That part I can do without.
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domain: food


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Cake Land 2 descripción
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Tips for Everyone:
To maximize your score, try to blast as many cakes as you can in one go. The more cakes you clear simultaneously, the higher your score multiplier will be, resulting in a greater overall score. Additionally, if you manage to blast more than five cakes at once, you'll be rewarded with an extra bomb. These bombs can be a game-changer, clearing a significant portion of the board and boosting your progress.
Moreover, Cake Land 2 provides an array of powerful tools at your disposal. These tools can help you unleash spectacular cake-blasting effects, allowing you to clear challenging levels with ease. Strategically employ these tools when you encounter particularly tricky situations, and watch as they create a cascade of delicious explosions!
With Cake Land 2, you'll embark on an extraordinary adventure through more than 1200 exquisitely designed levels. Each level presents a unique puzzle to solve and a delightful cake to collect. As you progress, the challenges will become more intricate, testing your puzzle-solving skills to the limit. Immerse yourself in the world of Cake Land and let the captivating gameplay brighten up your day!
Join the gingerbread man on this fantastic adventure, where every tap and match brings you closer to victory. Let the vibrant graphics, enticing sound effects, and addictive gameplay captivate your senses. Cake Land 2 is not just a game; it's an experience that will leave you craving for more!
So, what are you waiting for? Indulge yourself in the delightful world of Cake Land 2 and satisfy your sweet tooth with an incredible tap and match puzzle game like no other. Get ready to embark on a journey filled with scrumptious treats, challenging puzzles, and endless fun!

domain: hobby


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These fudge recipes are perfect for the fall and winter holidays. Make them for yourself or gift them to a friend!
It is that time of year, for holiday events and family gatherings. Bring one of these delicious fudge recipes to your next party or box it up as a gift for your neighbor!
Topped with gooey coconut, this German Chocolate Fudge from Favorite Family Recipes is a chocolate lover’s dream.
This festive White Chocolate Cranberry Fudge from Mom on Timeout is perfect for the holidays!
This White Chocolate Cookie Dough Fudge from Lil Luna is loaded with chunks of yummy cookie dough.
Satisfy your sweet tooth with the perfect combination of chocolate and peppermint in the Easy Peppermint Fudge from The Pioneer Woman.
Twix Fudge made out of your favorite candy bar from Cleverly Simple? Yes, please!
Turn your favorite holiday drink into an edible treat with this Eggnog Fudge from I Heart Naptime and Skip to my Lou.
If you love carrot cake, than this Carrot Cake Fudge from Inside BruCrew Life is for you.
Get your sweet and salty fix with this Salted Caramel Fudge from Super Healthy Kids.
Even if you are not a fan of the candy, you can’t say no to this colorful Candy Corn Fudge from Something Swanky.
Which of these fudge recipes do you want to try this year? Do you have a favorite that is not on this list?


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UXL Online is a collection of curriculum-driven references for appropriate for secondary students of middle grades and high school as well as the general reader. The collection of 81 titles are available online. UXL favorites such as Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms, UXL Encyclopedia of Science, Chemical Elements, Grzimek's Student Animal Life Resource and Checks and Balances join new titles including World Religions Reference Library, Middle East Conflict Reference Library, Elizabethan World Reference Library, Alternative Energy, UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances and many more!
UXL®'s titles are concentrated in five major curriculum areas: science and medicine; history and social sciences; nation and world; multicultural studies; and a catchall of arts and performing arts, sports, careers and other topics students find interesting. Most titles are published as: encyclopedias; biographies; almanacs; chronologies; and primary source/voices volumes. These different types of books offer a number of different ways to explore a particular subject.
For a listing of the titles included in this product click here.
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domain: library


The Academy solemnly celebrates its 85th anniversary. The anniversary is celebrated in the Assembly Hall of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.
The Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia today is a departmental higher educational institution, one of the most famous and prestigious centers for the qualified training and retraining of diplomatic personnel, specialists of international relations, economics, political science and law for the system of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, far abroad and the CIS countries. Over the years, more than 7 thousand professional diplomats graduated from the Academy, of which more than 700 people received the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
The training program and scientific research pay great attention to such issues as forecasting and modeling international relations in the context of globalization, building of a multipolar, stable and fair world order, a dialogue of cultures and civilizations, usage of an external factor to modernize Russia, studying foreign policy and the internal situation of leading countries of the world, the very important current problem of cybersecurity and the formation of a relatively new direction - digital diplomacy.
The Diplomatic Academy directs all its efforts to ensure that our students and graduates master the latest research tools and skills to create an international environment, study two or more foreign languages at a high professional level, and that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, as the founder of our university, receives competent personnel and high-quality relevant analytical materials from the Diplomatic Academy.


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By Thomas F. Defrantz
Few will dispute the profound impression that African American song and move has had in American and global tradition. "Dancing Many Drums" explores that impact via a groundbreaking number of essays on African American dance heritage, concept and perform. In so doing, it reevalautes "black" and "African American" as either racial and dance different types. Abundantly illustrated, the quantity comprises photographs of a wide selection of dance types and performers, from ring shouts, vaudeville and social dances to specialist dance businesses and Hollywood motion picture dancing. Bringing jointly problems with race, gender, politics, historical past and dance, "Dancing Many Drums" levels greatly, together with discussions of dance guide songs, the blues aesthetic, and Katherine Dunham's debatable ballet approximately lynching, "Southland". additionally, there are picture essays: the 1st on African dance in ny through famous dance photographer Mansa Mussa, and one other on 1934 "African opera" "Kykunkor, or the Witch Woman".
Read Online or Download Dancing Many Drums: Excavations in African American Dance PDF
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Highway Scenes offers a thought of past due medieval performing and function via a clean and original examining of the Tretise of Miraclis Pleyinge. The functionality thought viewpoint hired right here, in addition to the exam of actor/character dialectics, paves the way in which to understanding either non secular theatre and the complexity of overdue medieval theatricalities.
The choreographies of invoice T. Jones, Cleveland Ballet Dancing Wheels, Zab Maboungou, David Dorfman, Marie Chouinard, Jawole Willa Jo Zollar, and others, have helped determine dance as a vital discourse of the 90s. those dancers, Ann Cooper Albright argues, are asking the viewers to work out the physique as a resource of cultural id -- a actual presence that strikes with and during its gendered, racial, and social meanings.
Are you able to flip a soulful ballad right into a hit dance song, or make any Billboard hit your individual? With this all-in-one advisor to remixing, you could! even if you are a specialist DJ or manufacturer, or are only commencing to combine tracks, this step by step consultant will carry you thru the full means of making your individual professional-quality remixes.
In consistently multiple, the thinker, visible artist, and dancer Erin Manning explores the idea that of the "more than human" within the context of move, belief, and event. operating from Whitehead's method philosophy and Simondon's conception of individuation, she extends the techniques of stream and relation built in her past paintings towards the inspiration of "choreographic pondering.
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Additional resources for Dancing Many Drums: Excavations in African American Dance
At times during this voyage, there was the insistence that Africans dance to assure whites that they would remain lively enough to be delivered to the auction block in North America. In fact, the total being of African men, women, and children was the 39 40 / 1 : ‘‘Slaves Compelled to Dance during the Voyage to Keep Them Fit and Healthy and so Fetch a Higher Price,’’ ca. 1830 (Drawing by Ruhiere; reproduced with permission of the Mary Evans Picture Library) object of enslavement, and it was not uncommon for the branding iron to be used to identify them.
Later that year Zollar premiered two versions of a dance that explored this theme: for Philadanco, she made The Walkin’, Talkin’, Signifying Blues Hips, Lowdown, Throwdown; for her own company, the New York–based Urban Bush Women, she premiered Batty Moves. (In a program note, the choreographer reminds us that ‘‘batty’’ refers to the buttocks in Jamaica. ) Each version cast Zollar’s gauntlet onto the stage, exploring in dance terms the momentum of the booty as satire, da butt as a treatise for gender education, da backside as initiator of movement, as a source of heat, as fun, as a focal point of conversation and desire, and as a celebration; in other words, the derriere as a cultural aesthetic.
For an extended treatment of African Americans in ballet, see Thomas DeFrantz, ‘‘Ballet,’’ in Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History (New York: Macmillan Library Reference, 1995). See also Thomas DeFrantz, ‘‘Ballet in Black: Louis Johnson and African American Humor,’’ in New Writings in Dance, ed. Anne Flynn and Lisa Doolittle (Banﬀ, Alberta, Canada: Banﬀ Centre Press, 2001), 178–95. 42. Zita Allen, ‘‘Blacks in Ballet,’’ Dance Magazine (July 1976): 65–70. 43. Kariamu Welsh Asante, ‘‘Commonalities in African Dance: An Aesthetic Foundation,’’ in African Culture: The Rhythms of Unity, ed.


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Huffington Post’s S.V. Date grilled the US President during a press conference. The reporter accused Mr Trump of “lying” and asked whether he regretted all the “dishonesties” during the last three and a half years. Mr Trump clarified who the question was aimed at, before he refused to answer – and moved on to another journalist.
S.V Date asked: “Mr President after three and a half years do you regret at all the lying you have done to the American people?”
President Trump said: “All the what?”
S.V.Date replied: “All the lying. All the dishonesties.”
President Trump said: “That who has done?”
READ: Donald Trump’s son suspended from Twitter over COVID-19 tweet
S.V.Date responded: “You have done.”
President Trump then ignored the question and said to another journalist: “Er… you go ahead please.”
Yesterday a former White House Communications Director warned President Trump that his base of supporters has “eroded” as voters abandon the Republican Party.
Anthony Scaramucci told TimesRadio it is impossible for people to support President Trump because he continues to “move the goalposts”.
“I know everybody says that it is an inflexible base but just take a look at the Wisconsin poll numbers.
“They are always biased towards Republicans, but it is 53 to 42 right now in Wisconsin.
“The President’s campaign has pulled out of Michigan, they are likely to pull out of Wisconsin now.”
He added: “I think those Republicans are in a vice now.
“They are going to have a hard time and there is going to be a reckoning in the Republican Party.”


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If you want to obtain Tatjana Home Garden Accent Wire Round Stool By Zipcode Design , look for top quality hardwood joinery. In case a bit is stuck with each other or maybe fingernails or toenails and screws are widely used to maintain the furniture jointly, it will not previous very long. It is recommended to spend more money to obtain a Tatjana Home Garden Accent Wire Round Stool By Zipcode Design with some excellent timber joinery work towards it. Definitely consider the thighs and legs of any Tatjana Home Garden Accent Wire Round Stool By Zipcode Design you are interested in getting. These thighs will need to not only support body weight, they'll be also in contact with your flooring. Once they appear to be they'll do harm to your floor because of the resources used (like steel), then you really should choose a various design. When purchasing Tatjana Home Garden Accent Wire Round Stool By Zipcode Design for your living area, opt for fairly neutral shades. You may affect the colors along with other decoration from the room by altering decorations, painting along with other stuff. Consequently, you can easily change up the appearance of your family room without spending a ton of money.
Everybody wants to have a bar within their home! Catching a drink in your personal club is much more exciting than located on the couch. The sofa doesn't provide the exact same feeling! There are several individuals, who build the bar of the dreams but they are unsure about the type of barstools they can purchase. Should you ask us, you should buy the correct club feces. It ought to be aesthetically attractive, helpful and comfortable. You may wish to buy barstools for your restaurant or your houses bar. You need to maintain few things in your mind before buying the right barstools.
These days, we will cover the guidelines for purchasing for leather bar stools. Also, we have produced a summary of Top 10 Leather-based Barstools. Their list has evaluations of each club stool which will help you pick the perfect 1. Continue reading to find out and make the decision.
Looking for the best club feces for your home? Nicely, you have to feel the checklist to get an idea. We are sure that you will find what you should want for within this list! We have covered the key features to help in making decision. The good news is that you can buy these bar stools online! These can be sent to your home inside couple of days. So, feel the checklist and pick the best.
1.Fickes Room Divider By Highland Dunes
Read more about Fickes Room Divider By Highland Dunes
The Bridgewater is really a couch design that is mainly casual and definitely comfy. This style is the darling of many an artist simply because you can use it to produce a informal, friendly space. Bridgewater couches are versatile, with respect to the upholstery you select. Done in a neutral fabric, this style of sofa does not contend with other elements in the room which may be much more dramatic, for example art work or other large features. Much more official material will yield a far more stately type of couch. A number of qualities differentiate Bridgewater couches: Typically they have low arms and a high back, which plays a role in the casual appear. Most in addition have a tailored skirt that hides the thighs and free soft cushions for the chair and back again. This specific design was designed to support slipcovers, which also give a casual atmosphere towards the sofa.
2.Buds 3 Panel Room Divider By Screen Gems
Read more about Buds 3 Panel Room Divider By Screen Gems
This reclining loveseat requires the second spot because its an excellent inexpensive, extremely comfy choice that may participate in most house dcor styles. Its wood frame is cushioned with coils (for some springtime) and-density foam (for many soft), and upholstered with brownish fake leather-based that makes it an ultra-versatile piece of furniture. Combine it with the man cavern for a comfy destination to view the sport (and do not worry about any spillsits vinyl fabric upholstery tends to make cleanup simple) or your family room with a few decorative toss cushions for that ideal place to comfortable up following a long-day. Actual-life clients love this lying loveseat simply because its comfortable, long lasting, simple to put together one rater even noted that they was able to put together two units within forty-five minutes! and shipping in the merchant is a breeze.
3.Vavra 4 Panel Room Divider By World Menagerie
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This set comes with the complete utility of Sleeper Couch with an excellent couch style. It includes tight hands, firm seat cushions and full-dimension sleeping pad with internal springs. It is removed underneath to clean it and take away it with a easy raising instrument. This mat is strengthened having a durable metal advantage. is really a measuring guideline and has a Bisexual-falling apart highlight. Among the deserving items to point out is the convenience! Location this extremely comfy couch in your comfy family room. Besides giving an all natural and tasteful atmosphere, it gives an attractive personality to your visitors. You can make your companions remain for any enjoyable nights films. The couch has carcasses with blocked edges and faux-finishing on its thighs. The cushions are, nevertheless, modified and can include great versatility. It's wrapped having a heavy polyethylene dietary fiber with a drawstring advantage.
4.Marla 4 Panel Room Divider By World Menagerie
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This plush set of urban-chic sofas is made to provide an embellished site. Actually, even your moderate rooms might have you obliged for an immaculate film night. Place him down to get a totally changed bed. This auparavant-garde sleeper futon mattress is accessible in different tones. This includes some vibrant shades unmanageable such as Lemon, Light Azure, and lightweight Purple. Place them inside your innovative studies or attic to assess the exuberance. It is also available in decreasing shades for example dark, darkish and darkish. These nuances, once more, print a respectable aspect of the higher class. Using the breaking component of your back, you are able to relaxation to your preferred position. This sofa appears rich with tufted material texture upholstery. Fortunately that it is personalized with hypo-allergenic filling up. A conclusive outcome supplies a comfy relaxation.
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Much like its namesake, the camelback sofa includes a difficulty or possibly two that accents the main silhouette of the sofa style. This can be a conventional style which was prominent in the 1700s by Chippendale and households who wanted aristocratic, formal furniture frequently chosen this style. Today, this couch design gives a more formal atmosphere to any room, especially when padded in a formal material. A far more casual textile choice will make it appropriate for a family space that doesnt require a great deal of custom. In either case, the camelback couch has some elements that define the style. The thighs are usually exposed, the couch doesn't have back soft cushions and it usually has sq . or folded arms.
6.Zaytoune 4 Panel Room Divider By Bungalow Rose
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English rolled equip couches are extra comfortable because of the big, soft cushions behind and for the seats. Reduced arms are comfy for lying down and also the exposed thighs keep this couch design from sensation overweight or impacting. It actually originated at the change of the century and can be associated with something typical of the English countryside. Differentiating qualities usually consist of low exposed thighs, soft, large cushions, a good back again and recessed hands. Though it may be considered a classic style, it is also a perfect accessory for a contemporary room thanks to its comfy and flexible appear.
7.Michelle Shoji 4 Panel Room Divider By World Menagerie
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Although this reclining loveseat comes with a heftier price tag, its classic style, choices for customization and automatic lying system allow it to be worth the money. Its handcrafted wooden body is cushioned with down blend cushions for a much softer feel than you would get from high-density foam soft cushions, and the furniture is available in a whopping 72 color and fabric combos. The availability of so many options causes it to be extra simple to pair this lying loveseat with various patterns, supplies, accents and dcor styles. In addition, if you have children or animals (or both!), you can select a more durable, spot-resistant fabric. One client shared the Sunbrella canvas materials has held up nicely against her pets and children. This reclining loveseat could have a classic, aged-college look, but its constructed-in tech is not. Not only does it come with an automatic reclining system (that will give you a full lie down, with your footrest completely similar towards the chair), but it features a USB interface for implementing or simply charging your iPad, iPhone, Amazon kindle or laptop computer.
8.Fairford Canvas and Wood 3 Panel Room Divider By Bloomsbury Market
Read more about Fairford Canvas and Wood 3 Panel Room Divider By Bloomsbury Market
This set is padded in a push and comfy textured padded velvet. This provides it the amazing comfort and ease that it is loved for. Again it supports chaise style seating for sufficient comfort. Furthermore, the nose spring foundation increases the comfort and durability. Furthermore, the sofa has hardwood structures that add to its sturdiness and sturdiness. The couch has soft cushions on the seat and the back again. But still, the sofa can move from a seated position to some reclined placement easily. Having said that, just to repeat, the sofa is very soft and gives exceptional comfort and ease.
9.Mobile Dry-Erase Flannel 3 Panel Room Divider By ECR4kids
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This ultra-elegant, higher-sovereign sofa is made to assistance cutting-edge lounge development. It is produced as a 2-item sectional couch coupled with an attractive chair. It also provides cellular arm rests and beneficial back again assistance. The beautiful tapestry is finished with darkish false leather, firmly tufted. You are able to feel at ease padding with froth within the seat soft cushions. This guarantees a delicate sensation when you relaxation after a monotonous day. The sofa is strengthened with wooden edge engrossed in dark artificial leather. False tufted leather-based and powerful pinus radiata give extreme brightness. It is true that it takes another appear because it is more expensive than it truly seems to be. Talking about dimension, its huge! This is exactly what adds much more superstars to this set. The height can also be remarkable for tall and short individuals.
10.4 ft. H x 2 ft. W Fence Panel By Veradek
Read more about 4 ft. H x 2 ft. W Fence Panel By Veradek
This set is upholstered in a drive and comfy distinctive cushioned velvet. This gives it the amazing comfort and ease that its loved for. Again it supports chaise style seats for sufficient comfort and ease. Furthermore, the sinus spring base increases the durability and comfort. Additionally, the couch has hard wood structures that increase its sturdiness and sturdiness. The sofa has cushions on both the chair and the back. But still, the couch can move from a sitting position to a reclined position easily. Having said that, simply to repeat, the couch is extremely gentle and provides exceptional comfort and ease.

domain: design


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|🎵 Song :||Sokule Sale Toi|
|💽 Album :||Latest Assamese Songs 2022|
|🎤 Artist :||Jitendra jeet, Kangkana Kakati,|
|📅 Released on :||14 Feb, 2022|
|⬇ Downloads :||11K|
Listen Sokule Sale Toi Audio Music
Songs For You
Lyrics- Kalparaj Deka
Tune-Kalpa jyoti medhi
Mix & Master- Nilotpal xobdo
Duration : 3:21 Language(s) : Assamese Listen to Jitendra jeet, Kangkana Kakati Sokule Sale Toi MP3 song. Sokule Sale Toi song from the album Latest Assamese Songs 2022 is released on 14 Feb, 2022 . The duration of song is 3:21. This song is sung by Jitendra jeet, Kangkana Kakati.
When was Sokule Sale Toi released ?
Sokule Sale Toi is a Assamese language album released in 14 Feb, 2022.Who is the Artist of Sokule Sale Toi ?
Sokule Sale Toi is sung by Jitendra jeet, Kangkana Kakati.What is the playtime duration of the album Sokule Sale Toi ?
The total playtime duration of Sokule Sale Toi is 3:21 minutes.How can I download songs from the album Sokule Sale Toi ?
All songs from Sokule Sale Toi can be downloaded on AxomWap.com

domain: artistic


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City of San Fernando – The provincial government led by Governor Lilia G. Pineda empowered the barangay health workers (BHWs), known as ‘Nanay Health Volunteers’ through lectures on public health issues and illnesses.
The lectures were officiated by medical specialists and government doctors from the Department of Health (DOH) and Jose B. Lingad Regional Memorial Hospital (JBL).
This came as the province conducted on Friday a Health Summit for Public Health Workers at Bren Z. Guiao, Convention Center, this city with a theme,“ Ang malusog na Pamayanan ay susi sa maunlad na Kinabukasan”.
The summit was attended by more than 3,000 BHWs nurses, doctors and other medical practitioners from the different hospitals of the province.
It was graced by Senator Joseph Victor G. Ejercito, chairman of the Senate Committee on Health and Senator Cynthia A. Villar, chairperson on Senate Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development Agrarian Reform Environment and Natural Resources.
Assistant Secretary Leonita P. Gorgolon, DOH Region 3 director said that the BHWs play an important role in helping the marginalized Cabalens at the barangay level to be aware with their health conditions.
Gorgolon said Pampanga got the highest budget allocation from DOH in the amount of P60-million utilized for the health infrastructure needs of the different government hospitals and health centers in the province.
For her part Governor Lilia “Nanay” Pineda urged the BHWs to look after the health needs especially those who are bed-ridden, old age, children with illnesses and extend the long arm of the government in helping them.
She also asked the Cabalens to frequently visit their Rural Health Units (RHUs) for their health consultation.
After the activity, the Governor and Vice Governor Dennis Delta Pineda gave them food packs and P400, 000 or P20, 000 to the BHW president of each town and city intended for their Christmas Party. –Aida B. Bungue/PIO

domain: health


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Lindt opening marks big day for Gallery
AFTER being given to the Grafton Regional Gallery in December last year, John William Lindt's 1873 photographs of Clarence Valley Aboriginals will officially be opened today.
The 'Australian Aboriginals' exhibition will be opened by Sam and Janet Cullen, who donated the photos to the gallery after purchasing them at a London auction last year.
Also being officially opened today is the Gallery's major project for the year, 'Spirit of the Valley'.
A collection of artworks by artists from the Bundjalung, Gumbayngirr and Yaegl tribes, Spirit of the Valley highlights local indigenous communities' spiritual connection to the Clarence Valley.
Grafton Regional Gallery director Jude McBean said the exhibition was special because it showcases the talents of the Valley's younger artists.
Mrs McBean said the Gallery was particularly thrilled to have Djon Mundine, OAM, open the exhibition.
"He has such a strong association with the area, his family originally came from here," she said.
"He, as Australia's leading indigenous art curator, is pretty huge in the arena, so he was invited to open the exhibition."
Mrs McBean said the morning would begin with breakfast and cultural activities at Market Square, before a 'friendship walk' to the gal- lery at 10.30am.


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Other Films from After Dark Films
Reincarnation, Penny Dreadful, The Broken, Echelon Conspiracy, The Butterfly Effect: Revelations, Perkins' 14, Voices, Autopsy, Dread, The Gravedancers, Lake Dead, Fertile Ground, Re-Kill, Prowl, Dragon Eyes, Transit, The Philly Kid, Stash House, El Gringo, Dark Circles
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Apple MagSafe Duo Charger, MHXF3AM/A - White
The MagSafe Duo charger conveniently charges your compatible iPhone, Apple Watch, wireless charging case for AirPods, and other Qi-certified devices. Just place your devices on the charger, and a steady, efficient charge begins on contact. The charger folds together neatly, so you can easily take it with you wherever you go.
Charges two devices simultaneously - Wirelessly charge your iPhone and Apple Watch at the same time.
Foldable design - The charger folds together neatly, so you can easily take it with you wherever you go.
Compatible with select iPhone models - Works with iPhone 8, 8 Plus, iPhone X, XR, XS, XS Max, iPhone SE (2nd Gen), iPhone 11, 11 Pro, 11 Pro Max, iPhone 12, 12 mini, 12 Pro, 12 Pro Max.
Compatible with Apple Watch and AirPods - Including Apple Watch (1st Gen), Apple Watch Series 1-6, Apple Watch SE, AirPods Pro, AirPods (2nd Gen), wireless charging case for AirPods, and other Qi-certified devices.


$350-$400 new, so I'd say you found yourself a good deal. Have you shot one of these before? You'll see alot of people HATING the trigger, but once you shoot it a bit you won't even notice it. Primal has one in 9mm, and my father has the 40. They are a great shooter and there are things to make that trigger a little smoother. I'd pick one up at that price if I had the funds available.
That sounds like a good/great deal depending on what comes with it. If you get a bunch of hi-cap mags and a hard case, jump on it. If just the gun and 1 magazine, it's an alright deal and I'd probably buy it if I were you.


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Hat Tip: By Linda Deutsch, Associated Press
Las Vegas, NV – O.J. Simpson, who went from American sports idol to celebrity-in-exile after he was acquitted of murdering his ex-wife and a friend, was found guilty Friday of robbing two sports-memorabilia dealers at gunpoint in a Las Vegas hotel room.
The 61-year-old former football star could spend the rest of his life in prison after he is sentenced Dec. 5.
A weary and somber Simpson released a heavy sigh as the charges were read in rapid fire by the clerk in Clark County District Court. He was immediately taken into custody.
The Hall of Fame football star was found guilty of kidnapping, armed robbery and 10 other charges for gathering up five men a year ago and storming into a room at hotel-casino, where the group seized several game balls, plaques and photos. Prosecutors said two of the men with him were armed; one of them said he brought a gun at Simpson’s request.
Simpson’s co-defendant, Clarence “C.J.” Stewart, 54, also was found guilty on all charges and taken into custody.
Simpson showed little emotion as officers handcuffed him and walked him out of the courtroom.
His sister, Carmelita Durio, sobbed behind him in the arms of Simpson’s friend, Tom Scotto. As spectators left the courtroom, Durio collapsed and paramedics were called, according to court spokesman Michael Sommermeyer.
The jurors made no eye contact with the defendants as the entered and each of them answered firmly when asked if “this was their individual verdict.”
Judge Jackie Glass made no comment other than to thank the jury for its service and to deny motions for the defendants to be released on bail.
She refused to give the lawyers extended time to file a motion for new trial, which under Nevada law must be filed within seven days.
The attorneys said they needed time to submit a voluminous record, but she rejected that.
“I’ve sat through the trial,” Glass said. “If you want a motion for new trial, send me something.”
The verdict came 13 years after Simpson was cleared of murder in Los Angeles in one of the most sensational trials of the 20th century.
From the beginning, Simpson and lawyers argued the incident in Las Vegas was not a robbery; instead, they said, he was trying to reclaim mementos that had been stolen from him. He said he did not ask anyone to bring a gun and did not see any guns.
The defense portrayed Simpson as a victim of shady characters who wanted to make a buck off his famous name, and police officers who saw his arrest as an opportunity to “get” him and avenge his acquittal.
Prosecutors said Simpson’s ownership of the memorabilia was irrelevant; it was still a crime to try to take things by force.
“When they went into that room and forced the victims to the far side of the room, pulling out guns and yelling, `Don’t let anybody out of here!’ — six very large people detaining these two victims in the room with the intent to take property through force or violence from them — that’s kidnapping,” prosecutor David Roger said.
Kidnapping is punishable by five years to life in prison. Armed robbery carries a mandatory sentence of at least two years behind bars, and could bring as much as 30 years.
Simpson, who now lives in Miami, did not testify, but was heard on a recording of the confrontation, screaming that the dealers had stolen his property.
“Don’t let nobody out of this room,” he declared and told the other men to scoop up his items, which included a photo of Simpson with former FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover.
Four other men initially charged in the case struck plea bargains that saved them from potential prison sentences in return for their testimony. Some of them had criminal records or were compromised in some way. One, for example, was an alleged pimp who testified he had a revelation from God telling him to take a plea bargain.
Memorabilia dealer Thomas Riccio, who arranged and secretly recorded the confrontation in the hotel room, said he netted $210,000 on the tapes from the media. He received immunity, and his recordings became the heart of the prosecution case.
Similarly, minutes after the Sept. 13, 2007, confrontation, one of the alleged victims, sports-memorabilia dealer Alfred Beardsley, was calling news outlets, and the other, Bruce Fromong, spoke of getting “big money” from the incident.
Simpson’s past haunted the case. Las Vegas police officers were heard in the recordings chuckling over Simpson’s misfortune and crowing that if Los Angeles couldn’t “get” him, they would. And the judge told jurors they had to put aside Simpson’s earlier case.
Simpson’s lawyers also expressed fears during jury selection that people who believed he got away with murder a decade ago might see this case as a chance to right a wrong.
As a result, an usually large pool of 500 potential jurors was called, and they were given a 26-page questionnaire. Half were almost instantly eliminated after expressing strong feelings that he should have been convicted of murder.

domain: news


text:
By DUANE NOLLEN
The Oskaloosa Herald
---- — OSKALOOSA — The Oskaloosa City Council by a 4-3 vote rejected an ordinance to change the four-way stop at the former Webster School to a two-way stop during its meeting Monday night.
The ordinance was in its third and final reading that would have removed the stop signs on South Seventh Street at the intersection of South Seventh Street and Fifth Avenue East and made the intersection a two-way stop. The intersection is in front of the former Webster School building that houses programs such as a pre-school and a career academy, amongst others.
Several people spoke for a total of almost a half hour during Public Comments against removing the stop signs on South Seventh Street.
Council members Tom Jimenez, Scottie Moore, Doug Yates and Tom Walling voted against the two-way stop ordinance while Jason Van Zetten, Aaron Ver Steeg and Joe Caliguiri voted in favor.
Prior to the stop sign vote, the City Council approved an ordinance to establish a school zone at the Webster building as well as the Oskaloosa Elementary School.
The school zone will limit the speed limit to 20 mph from Monday through Friday from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Oskaloosa School Superintendent Russ Reiter spoke on the issue.
“Student safety is Priority 1,” he said.
Reiter said the school district is looking to invest in about 15 new angled parking spots on the northside of Fifth Avenue East to help with the parking situation at the school.
Reiter also said he would like to see the 4-way stop remain at the intersection in front of Webster School.
School Board President Carl Drost also spoke at the meeting.
“We’re going to look at parking and look at drop off point,” he said. “We need to look at parking options.”
Drost said that in his opinion, the 4-way stop should remain at the intersection.

domain: sociology


text:
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Winter 2019 Nisai Growout
We welcome questions regarding available koi in grow out.
Any koi purchased from the grow out can not shipped until the grow out period has ended.
Koi purchased and not returning to the grow out must ship at the end of the current growing round.
NO holding will be available outside
of the Aquaponic grow out.
BHN - Beni Hanna Nishikigoi, American Breeder
INC- Isawa Nishikigoi Center, Japan Breeder
YOS- Yoshikigoi, Poland Breeder
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domain: agronomy


text:
Coconut oil is best used as an alternative to vegetable oil in recipes where a subtle coconut flavour is suitable, like muffins, cakes, cookies and brownies. It is also great for frying as it has a high smoke point.
What oil do you use to make brownies?
Typically, brownies call for the use of melted butter or vegetable oil as the fat in a recipe. Vegetable is the preferred oil because it has a mild flavor that you won’t be able to detect in the final product.
What is the best substitute for vegetable oil in brownies?
The following may be substituted cup for cup for vegetable oil in baked goods:
- Applesauce, preferably unsweetened.
- Banana, ripe and mashed.
- Butter, melted.
- Cauliflower – unseasoned, cooked, and pureed.
- Margarine, melted.
- Pumpkin, cooked and pureed.
26 сент. 2016 г.
What is the best cooking oil to use for baking?
Canola oil is, without doubt, one of the best types of oil for baking. It’s preferred in many recipes since it has the most neutral flavor compared to other types of oil. It also tends to be lighter in flavour, so it will not negatively affect the baked product’s flavor and texture.
Is it better to use oil or butter for brownies?
In brownies, both butter and oil will offer a moist, tender texture, but only butter will give the dish the aeration needed for rising brownies well. If you use a cake brownie, butter is a better option because it helps rise the batter. For denser, fudge type brownies, oil is permissable.
What can I substitute for 1/2 cup of oil in brownies?
You can absolutely substitute butter for the vegetable oil. Use the same quantity specified in the directions (for example, if it calls for 1/3 cup of oil, use 5 1/3 tablespoons of butter). Melt it down, then let it cool a bit. You might not ever go back to oil!
What can I use instead of oil in brownie mix?
The next obvious replacement for vegetable oil in a brownie or any baking recipe is butter or melted margarine. Use the same quantity of butter as the amount of vegetable oil needed in the recipe but ensure that you bake the brownies two minutes longer than usual in order to maintain the same flavor and texture.
Can I use extra virgin olive oil instead of vegetable oil for brownies?
To answer the main question at hand, the answer is yes. You can use olive oil in place of vegetable oil when making brownies. Use the same quantity of olive oil as the recipe is asking for in vegetable oil. Both oils have the same density and should measure the same.
How much butter is a 1/2 cup of oil?
How much butter equals half a cup of oil?
|1/2 Cup||1/4 Cup + 2 Tablespoons|
|2/3 Cup||1/2 Cup|
|3/4 Cup||1/2 Cup + 1 Tablespoon|
|1 Cup||3/4 Cup|
Can you use milk instead of water in brownie mix?
A few simple replacement ideas: Replace the water called for on the box with milk or heavy cream. Or try adding melted butter instead of oil. Add one extra egg to your mix to make your brownies more cakey.
What’s the worst oil to cook with?
5 Worst Cooking Oils that Aren’t Really Healthy:
- Grapeseed Oil. I know this one is going to be a big shocker for a lot of people. …
- Canola oil. …
- Vegetable oil/Soybean oil. …
- Margarine or Vegan Butter Substitutes (Earth Balance) …
- Corn Oil.
31 июл. 2018 г.
Which oils are bad for you?
Consider avoiding the following plant oils due to their high omega-6 contents:
- soybean oil.
- corn oil.
- cottonseed oil.
- sunflower oil.
- peanut oil.
- sesame oil.
- rice bran oil.
Can you use vegetable oil for baking?
Using vegetable oil, such as canola oil for baking, can help prevent a dry cake and you will find it as an ingredient in many recipes, as well as a staple for boxed cake mixes. … Most vegetable oils will work just fine in cake, but some alter the flavor of baked goods and some are expensive.
What makes a fudgy brownie?
Fudgy brownies have a higher fat-to-flour ratio than cakey ones. So add more fat — in this case, butter and chocolate. A cakey batch has more flour and relies on baking powder for leavening. The amount of sugar and eggs does not change whether you’re going fudgy or cakey.
What happens if you add extra butter to brownies?
Sadly, more butter is not always better. When too much fat is incorporated, brownies become extremely fudgy, in a seriously bad way. They’re slick and greasy, two traits you never want to hear when you’re talking about baking.
Should you beat eggs before adding to brownie mix?
Brownies start with just five ingredients: chocolate, butter, sugar, eggs, and flour. Turns out that the difference between a brownie that’s simply fine and one that’s superlative is all about how you treat the eggs and sugar: They need a good, long, separate whipping to add heft to the batter. …


text: Feel like home at ringtone download service Audiko.net, where you can easily search for the best ringtones for your cell phone. Today we have a ringtone of “What Makes the Monkey Dance” by Chuck Prophet as well as 19 other ringtones by Chuck Prophet. “What Makes the Monkey Dance” is a hit from the “No Other Love” album that was created by Chuck Prophet at their studios together with other 2 tracks. You can listen to all 4 Chuck Prophet – “What Makes the Monkey Dance” ringtone variations available here and download it for free to your PC. You can also take a glance at other 3 albums produced by Chuck Prophet for all time. “What Makes the Monkey Dance” is referred to , and we bring you a huge amount of artists absolutely for free. And finally, we have collected lyrics for this track and you can view it here as well. So feel free to browse, listen, download ringtones at Audiko.net. Make your phone sound cool!


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Challenge professional golfer Tiger Woods to challenging matches in Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2005. This time, you can modify course dynamics and add longer trees, tighter fairways, undulations to greens, deeper bunkers, and more. The game's EA Sports Game Face features nonproportional bone scaling and texture blending to provide more realistic looks. After creating your own golfer and making a name for yourself, unlock the chance to tee off against some of golf's greatest legends, including Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, and Ben Hogan.
Click here for all Details
- All systems come with a 3 month warranty regardless of manufacturer date.
- All systems come with the required cables to hook the console up to a regular TV.
- Most systems include a controller unless otherwise specified.
- All cartridge games are cartridge only unless specified.
- All cartridge games condition is always Good to Very Good unless specified.
- All cartridge based games are tested at least 3 times prior to being shipped.
- All disc based games include game case. Assume no manual is included with your game unless specified.
- All disc based games are visually inspected at least 3 times prior to shipping. We have a $25,000 disc re-surface machine which is used in the case of scratches.
- All disc based game variations are specified in the title. (ie. Black Label, Greatest Hits, etc.)
- Complete in box games are graded using our own grading system. This system is listed described as follows: COMING SOON!
DISC BASED GAMES
COMPLETE IN BOX

domain: game


text:
While she may be one of the most well-known women in the word, Meghan Markle is still showing fans that she’s incredibly down to earth.
On her way to a church service on Christmas morning, Markle recognized a familiar face in the crowd that was waiting to catch a glimpse of her as she walked down the street to mass. According to People, there was a young woman named Jess in the crowd — and she used to follow Markle on Instagram when she was an actress on Suits. According to the report, she and Meghan used to exchange messages on the social media platform from time to time, but had not yet met in person.
Since she’s been linked to Prince Harry, Markle famously deleted her Instagram account and has gone off the social media grid. But, all this time later, Markle apparently still recognized Jess in the crowd –and took time out of her day to give her a hug and say hello. The experience meant so much to Jess that she shared photos of the reunion on her Instagram account along with a sweet caption that told her followers how much Markle’s hug meant to her.
“Today was an absolute dream.I’m so glad I decided to watch Suits many years ago because it meant I discovered this kind-hearted, caring soul who I’d become to love so much. thank you for everything in the past couple years – I’ll never forget it – from the conversations about social issues + chatting to each other about your blog and your love for food. I love you always.”
This report comes after another one that suggests that Prince Harry has changed since being married to Meghan. As the Inquisitr reported earlier today, many sources close to the royal couple say that Harry has been having a tough time finding his own niche at Kensington Palace. Where Prince William’s role as the future King of England is already defined, Harry’s isn’t — and his focus is on charity work instead. But something has been off with him since he tied the knot.
“He has been really standoffish and grumpy lately. Something has changed and no one can quite put their finger on it. He looks cross with the world.”
Another source shares that Meghan is very ambitious, and that she gets frustrated when she is told that she can’t do something. In turn, Prince Harry gets frustrated that he cannot keep Meghan away from “negativity and harm,” which causes him a lot of stress.
Hopefully with time, both Meghan and Harry get used to their roles in the royal family. For now, the couple anxiously await the arrival of their first child, whom is expected to be born this spring.
Source: Read Full Article

domain: celebrity


text:
no, i’m serious
I’ve always liked artistic, crafty, DIY type things.Â I think it’s so cool that there are people out there who can knit and sew and paint and draw and photograph and make cards and make jewelry.Â You know – create.
I want to be like that.Â I want to make my own cards and decorate my apartment and sew new clothes and make accessories and knit myself a fabulous scarf.Â And socks.Â Definitely knit myself some socks.
And I’ve started getting craftier – making cards and stalking websites and blogs with pretty, inspirational things.Â But here’s the problem…
How do I find time to do these things when I’m so busy drinking all weekend?
This entry was posted on Friday, February 15th, 2008 at 11:02 am and is filed under Random Ramblings. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
I’ve fallen a little bit in love with Chelsea Wolfe in the past few weeks.
This entry was posted
on Sunday, May 13th, 2012 at 1:28 PM
and is filed under Art.
Both comments and pings are currently closed.
Oh, Chelsea Wolfe. She did a cover of Nick Cave’s “Let Love In” last September, it’s absolutely gorgeous. (It’s not on iTunes but you can hear it on V Magazine’s blog archive somewhere.) I’m not a very big fan of music nowadays, but her stuff is fantastic.
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What do you do with the most violent, uncontrollable, and undesirable mutants? Put them on a team of course. Your Major Spoilers review of Hellions #1 from Marvel, awaits!
Browsing: marvel comics
Things are a little tougher than usual right now, Spoilerites, but capes and tights unite…
Reality is twisting and stretching and our heroes are unsure of how to stop it before it all breaks apart. Your Major Spoilers review of Tarot #4 from Marvel Entertainment awaits!
The most difficult battle Aaron Stack has ever faced is against himself- err, selves. Your Major Spoilers review of 2020 Machine Man #2 awaits!
Marvel’s young heroes are some of the best and brightest of the universe. But what happens when something goes wrong, will they lose their time to shine as Earth’s next mightiest heroes? Your Major Spoilers review of Outlawed #1 from Marvel Entertainment, awaits!
Xemnu’s back… and this time he has the most powerful weapon of all: Merchandising! Your Major Spoilers review of Immortal Hulk #32 awaits!
A young Cable is sitting on the mutant paradise of Krakoa. How does a young, angsty Cable turn into the man we know him to be? Find out in Cable #1 by Marvel Comics!
Spider-Man must lead the army of spider-sonas and respin the Web of Life and Destiny… Your Major Spoilers review of Spider-Verse #6 awaits!
Never betray a bounty hunter. Marvel kicks off a new Star Wars series this week with Star Wars Bounty Hunters #1 from Ethan Sacks and Paolo Villanielli.
A new task force has been setup to stop Ronin, and Clint Barton joins the team. But is he there to help the team or Ronin? Take the jump for a sneak peek of Hawkeye Free Fall #4 from Marvel Comics.
You’ll never guess who Gwen Stacy comes face to face with in this week’s Gwen Stacy #2 from Marvel Comics. Or maybe you will, when you take the jump.
It is the dawn of rebellion in Cable #1 from Marvel Comics. Take the jump for a sneak peek at the issue.


NOUAKCHOTT, TGO: The Emirates Red Crescent (ERC) and the Sheikha Fatima Fund for Refugee Women, in cooperation with Etihad Airways, have launched the “Bridge of Hope” initiative to train midwives in several countries, including Mauritania, Kenya and Mali, with an aim to reduce the rate of maternal and newborn mortality among the communities that face such health challenges.
The initiative is being implemented under the directives of H.H. Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak, Chairwoman of the General Women’s Union (GWU), President of the Supreme Council for Motherhood and Childhood, and Supreme Chairwoman of the Family Development Foundation (FDF), the Honorary Chairwoman of the ERC.
The initiative was launched at the Mbera refugee camp in Mauritania, in the presence of Sidi Ould Zahaf, Mauritania Health Minister; Dr. Mohammed Ateeq Al Falahi, ERC Secretary-General; a number of officials from both sides, in addition to partners’ representatives.
“Bridge of Hope” is being implemented in cooperation with the Mauritanian Ministry of Health, the UAE Embassy in Nouakchott, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UN volunteers and the Midwives Association in Nouakchott.
The initiative will serve around 90,000 women who reside in the camp and the surrounding villages. The midwives who will undergo the training will be selected from among the community women and will be trained by a group of specialised gynecologists and obstetricians under the supervision of the Mauritanian Ministry of Health.
It aims to reduce the suffering of refugee women, improve their health and humanitarian conditions, and help them meet their basic needs.
The initiative embodies UAE’s continuous efforts to help those affected by the crises and natural disasters around the world.
Dr. Maitha bint Salem Al Shamsi, Minister of State, said that the initiatives of H.H. Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak in the field of motherhood and childhood provide the necessary care for mothers and their children in many regions across the world that lack basic services. “Her Highness constantly follows up on the conditions of marginalized women and children who are victims of crises and disasters around the world and directs us to confront these challenges and threats by creating further development programmes and projects that can help enhance the skills and capabilities of these segments and contribute to improving their livelihoods,” Al Shamsi said.
For his side, Al Falahi said that this initiative embodies Sheikha Fatima’s keenness to meet the basic needs of women, especially the refugee ones who undergo severe conditions during their difficult journey. “Her Highness’s initiatives through the ERC enhance our capabilities to adopt projects that can help develop and reconstruct countries suffering from humanitarian and development challenges,” he added.
The proposed SDG target for child mortality aims to end, by 2030, preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 deaths per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 deaths per 1,000 live births.


text:
The fastest growing Internet of Things conference in Sweden is back after great pressure on the organizers. During October 14-15 the Internet of Things conference in Lund is back for the second time this year. After the first conference in April , the pressure on the organizers was so large that they took decision to run a new conference in the autumn of 2015.
Internet of Things has been a hot topic on many people’s lips in recent years, but we are now facing a major crossroads. What is the next step? How do we proceed from hooking up things to the Internet and make them “smart” to find business models to create growth? Business models have to be adapted and transformed to fully exploit the technology. It is also one of the novelties of this autumn’s conference: a full-day workshop with focus the business models and the IoT. Internet of Things, or the connected world who also calls it, does not concern just the traditional telecom industry anymore, but almost all types of industry segments must take part of the new technology to be competitive.
“The conference was a unique combination of business and tech backgrounds for IoT. This made the conference really interesting for everyone, especially for people: Like us That Operate on this verge,” says Stefan Witkamp, Co-Founder and Commercial Director at Athom.
In the autumn edition of the Conference there is a clear interest from Silicon Valley. Two of the speakers come with heavy experience from some of the biggest IT companies in the world.
Participants may listen to Matthew Papakipos, who has extensive experience from world-leading IT companies such as Google and Facebook, where he has been building Facebook from 300 employees to the size they are today. At this occasion, he will talk about what happens when robots move into our homes. Swedish Hannes Sjöblad open the conference by talking about how people today choose to insert a microchip in the body to facilitate payments and identification and in the future to perform medical diagnostics. An area that is expected to explode in a few years and that have the potential to give us a whole new perspective on our bodies. Other areas that are presented at conferences are: Wearables, software, security, user experience, hardware, and e-health.
Learn more about the program and get tickets at http://www.iotconf.se/


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text:
On the 29th of September CMSS celebrated 65 years of service. We marked the occasion by inviting all our staff, clients, carers, volunteers, neighbours and friends to celebrate with us.
We had a fun games morning where everybody had the opportunity to mingle with one another. We then had a BBQ lunch which went down very well.
The afternoon consisted of a group Zumba session –it was great to see so many people participating in this.
We then released 65 balloons to mark the 65 years- we were lead by some dohl drummers which really made the atmosphere fantastic.
It really was a lovely day to see so many people who have been involved with CMSS over the years all in one place.


text:
The Müritz National Park: famous for its sea-eagles, ospreys and thousands of rabbits that rest here in the autumn and spring.
The visitor centre of the national park in Federow is located about seven kilometres south-easterly of Waren (Müritz). The exhibition and the shop are run by the national park service of Müritz. The camera transferring live footage of the osprey’s horst into the building is the highlight. Changing exhibitions show the variety of the national park. The national park service Müritz also offers a wide tour program. During the season, Federow can be reached from Waren (Müritz) by the bus line of the national park ticket. The visitor centre is accessible for people with a disability.

domain: geography