text:
Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp
This document is part of the Inconvenient History periodical.
Use this menu to find more documents that are part of this periodical.
The Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp – sometimes also called Oranienburg – located not far from Berlin hardly plays a role in the discussion about the “Holocaust”. If Carlo Mattogno deals with this camp in the following article, this has two reasons. First, the documents from Sachsenhausen found by him and Jürgen Graf in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, Moscow, make it possible to determine extremely precisely the camp’s strength as well as its mortality during the war. The publication of these documents is an act of positive historiography, which does not merely refute historical lies and myths, but seeks to determine as accurately as possible what really happened. Second, the Sachsenhausen case is immensely revealing of the methods of Allied, and in this case specifically Soviet, atrocity propaganda during the immediate postwar period. In part, this atrocity propaganda continues to be told to this day, as several standard works of “Holocaust” literature not only exaggerate the number of victims at Sachsenhausen, but also claim that numerous prisoners were killed with poison gas in that camp. Furthermore, it is claimed that the Germans murdered many thousands of Soviet prisoners of war there with a firing squad. C. Mattogno proves that these allegations lack any historical basis, and at the end of his reflections, he draws interesting cross-connections to Mauthausen Camp in Austria.
1. Soviet Propaganda
During the Nuremberg trial, Soviet Chief Justice Smirnov made the following statement at the 19 February 1946 hearing:1
“I shall now present to the Tribunal evidence of the fact that besides the stationary crematoria, there existed also movable crematoria. The Tribunal already knows about the movable gas chambers. These were ‘murder vans.’ There were also created transportable crematoria. An SS member, Paul Waldmann, testifies to their existence. He was one of the participants in the crime perpetrated by the German fascists when 840,000 Russian prisoners of war in Sachsenhausen were annihilated at one time.”
Paul Ludwig Gottlieb Waldmann had joined the General SS in 1934, and was later transferred to the Waffen SS. From 1936 to December 1941, he served as a driver at the Sachsenhausen Camp, and then came to the front. On 2 May 1945, he became a Soviet prisoner of war.
In a statement stating at the end that it was “written and signed by himself,” Paul Waldmann had indeed “confessed” to the inconceivable crime alleged by Smirnov:2
“In the late summer of 1941, a total of 840,000 prisoner-of-war Russians [sic] were executed in the Sachsenhausen Camp by a special command of the Security Police, which was directly subordinate to the Reich Chancellery of the Führer Adolf Hitler.”
The absurdity of this statement is so obvious that one can basically dispense dealing with it. If I nevertheless discuss it, I do so only in order to illuminate – once again – the uniqueness of the Soviet indictment procedures. Not only the audacity is astounding with which the Soviets served up such outrageous nonsense at the Nuremberg Tribunal, but above all the fact that they were well aware of the total absurdity of Paul Waldmann’s statement. When the Soviets occupied the Sachsenhausen Camp on 27 April 1945, they found the camp’s complete occupancy reports for the years 1940 through 1945, which, as I will show in Chapter 3, unequivocally relegate the assertions made by Waldmann in his confession and later taken up by Smirnov to the realm of absurd fantasy.
2. “Extermination Operations” at Sachsenhausen
On 9 May 1945, a certain Koehlen, “former prisoner of conscience and comrade of the KPD” (Germany’s Communist Party) wrote a four-page report titled “Ongoing Operations at the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp from 1940 to 1945”. In it, he listed 12 “operations.” On the more-important ones of these operations, I quote his statements in full; for the rest, I content myself with a summary.
Fig. 1: Floor plan of the former hygiene building of the former KL Sachsenhausen with atrocity propaganda inscription: on the upper left the alleged neck-shooting facility, on the lower right the alleged “gas chamber.”
“1) Operations against Poles in 1940 (November 9): during this, 33 Poles were shot; the reason for this were the Bromberg events.”
“2) Operation against Russian prisoners of war in the middle of 1941 (September-October): during this, 16,000 Russian prisoners of war were shot. Every evening, a truck drove in front of the Russian Prisoner of War camp 4 to 5 times, and drove back from there fully loaded to the industrial yard.”
“3) Operation against comrades (communists) of the camp headquarters (writing room): In 1942, on 1 October, these comrades were deprived of their camp functions and taken to the cell block. A few days later, this operation sent 18 of our comrades on transport to the Flossenbürg Penal Camp.”
”4) Operation against Jews. These extended over the entire existence of the concentration camp. Many thousands were exterminated in the process. Some of them were shot in the camp (industrial yard), others were beaten to death at work. The systematic extermination at work mainly involved members of the SS, but also those from the ranks of the prisoners (professional criminals, antisocial prisoners and other bad elements). Jews were also transported to various penal camps for extermination, e.g., Maudhausen [sic], Flossenbürk [sic], Bergenbelzen [sic] and Lublin. Furthermore, at the brick works belonging to the camp, many Jews perished through hunger and cold.”
“5) Operation against homosexuals in 1943”: 100-200 were shot.
“6) Operation against the sick (physically weak and tuberculosis patients): About 3-4 such operations were carried out against them, especially in 1943 and 1944. Transport to Bergenbelzen [sic] and Lublin. Whether the same sick prisoners arrived there and what became of them there is not known to us. Transport Herb Garden and Sun Mountain were fictitious names for camps that did not exist. These prisoners were probably shot or killed in gas cells [sic]. Also, a number of seriously ill prisoners were taken directly to the crematorium belonging to the camp. The number of prisoners who died in this way was in the thousands. In 1945, at the beginning of February, about 1000 prisoners were shot and poisoned in gas cells. This was a Reich measure.”
“7) Operation against unauthorized assumption of authority”: 100 to 200 professional criminals and anti-socials were killed at the end of 1943 and beginning of 1944.
“8) Operation against comrades of the camp headquarters”: 27 prisoners were shot, and 110 were transferred to Mauthausen (towards the middle of 1943).
“9) Operation against the camp in early 1945”: 50 prisoners were executed as dangerous elements.
“10) Small-scale operations from 1940 to 1945”: Punishments and transfers, no murder.
“11) Operation against civilians”: Civilians were shot in the industrial yard, and then burned in the furnaces: “The numbers run into the thousands.”
“12) Operation against terrorists in late 1944 to 1945”: 300-600 partisans were shot.3
I will deal with the most essential points of this account – the alleged mass shooting of Soviet prisoners of war as well as the alleged use of a gas chamber for killing people – in the following paragraphs; for the time being, I will limit myself to some remarks of a general character.
According to the witness, the first execution of prisoners at Sachsenhausen took place on 9 November 1940. This circumstance helps us to clarify unambiguously the meaning of an unclear term, which I will do in the following chapter.
It is quite true that transports with sick prisoners left the Sachsenhausen Camp for Lublin: The first – with 3,000 sick prisoners – arrived there on 26 January 1944, the second – with 2,700 sick inmates – arrived on 16 March, and the third – with 500 prisoners – on 22 March. Of course, these inmates were not murdered in Lublin (Majdanek), but were properly registered and housed in the camp hospital.4 It follows from this that there was no policy of killing sick prisoners at Sachsenhausen, so the claim that thousands of such sick inmates were killed, including 1,000 “shot and poisoned in gas cells” in early 1945, is quite implausible.
The witness states that the alleged homicidal gas chambers (he speaks of “gas cells” in the plural) were used to kill these sick inmates. However, remarkably, he does not mention Jews as gassing victims.
3. Change-in-Occupancy Reports of Sachsenhausen CC
Before I discuss these important points in more detail, I must present the available statistical data concerning the Sachsenhausen Camp’s occupancy and mortality. The change-of-occupancy reports confiscated by the Soviets enable us to obtain the relevant figures for the period from 1940 to 1945 without any gaps. The details can be seen in the tables given below without comment (see Document 1).
|Month||Admissions||Deductions||Releases||Transfers||Deaths||Deducted, unspecified||Total Occupancy||Note|
|March||1,074||2,073||106||1,545||422||31 Mar.||10,227||1.500 to Dachau CC 4 Mar. 40|
|May||2,066||943||121||413||409||29 May||13,100||345 to Neuengamme CC 3 May 40|
|August||2,574||2,221||204||1,841||176||31 Aug.||13,220||1.000 to Dachau CC 27 Aug. 40|
|September||2,236||4,212||73||4,049||90||30 Sep.||11,244||3.000 to Dachau CC|
|December||444||1,230||490||591||149||31 Dec.||10,5777||14/15 Dec. 1940 missing|
|* 24 Jan. 1940; ** 9 Feb. 1940|
|* On 3 June 1941, 95 inmates were transferred without further information according to a separate list.
** On 23 Oct. 1941, 2,436 Soviet PoWs were deducted from the camp occupancy, meaning liquidated in the crematorium.
|Month||Admissions||Deductions||Releases||Transfers||Deaths||Deducted, unspecified (liquidated)||Total Occupancy||Note|
|(1) 96 Jews were shot at the Industrial Court on 28 May 1942.
(2) Deducted, meaning liquidated. (6 July 42: 2; 9 July 42: 3; 13 July 42: 1; 21 July 42: 5; 23 July 42: 1).
(3) Deducted 14 (1 Aug. 42: 2; 3 Aug. 42: 1; 8 Aug. 42: 7; 21 Aug. 42: 1; 25 Aug. 42: 3).
(4) Deducted 9 (15 Sep. 42: 7; 26 Sep. 42: 1; 30 Sep. 42: 1).
(5) Deducted 8 (8 Oct. 42: 1; 20 Oct. 42: 2; 23 Oct. 42: 1; 28 Oct. 42: 2; 31 Oct. 42: 2).
(6) Deducted 30 (10 Nov. 42: 1; 20.11,42: 7; 27 Nov. 42: 18; 28 Nov. 42: 4).
(7) Deducted 39 (12 Dec. 42: 38; 30 Dec. 42: 1).
|Month||Admissions||Deductions||Releases||Transfers||Deaths||Deducted †||Total Occupancy||Note|
|(1) 1 unspecified. 1000 (illegible) inmates. Taken off (illegible); (2) 23 inmates transferred at police.|
4. The Living and the Dead
The column headings listed in the change-of-occupancy reports can be interpreted without major difficulties:
- “Admissions” refer to prisoners who arrived at the camp and were registered there.
- “Deductions” refer to prisoners who had disappeared from the camp population. In the relevant column, the total number of departures is reported, and the subsequent columns provide information on the respective reasons.
- The term “Releases” is self-evident.
- “Transfers” indicates a transfer to another location.
- “Deaths” refers to camp inmates who died of natural causes.
- “Deducted, unspecified” is a synonym for “liquidated”, as can be inferred from the change-of-occupancy report for 1942.
- Also, “Deducted †” is to be regarded as synonymous with killed. This circumstance is corroborated by the change-of-occupancy report for 1943, where a cross is written under this expression, just as under “Deaths”. That “Deducted” cannot have the meaning of escapes, as one would initially assume (the reflexive term “sich absetzen” means to abscond), is evident from the fact that, in the statistics for 1944 and 1945, separate columns are kept for “Deducted” and “Escapes.”
- “Deductions without indication” undoubtedly includes transfers as well as dismissals for which the documentary records had not been kept. That this heading also refers to killings can be ruled out, since a killing of 1,023 prisoners on January 24, 1940, and one of 102 prisoners on February 9 of the same year are not claimed either by the most detailed eyewitness accounts or by official historiography. As we have seen, according to the witness Koehlen, the first mass killing did not take place until 9 November 1940.
On 1 January 1940, there were (11,241 – 974 + 1,920 =) 12,187 inmates in the camp.
Therefore, (132,196 – 12,187 =) 120,009 inmates were admitted into the camp between January 1940 and April 1945.
On January 1, 1940, there were (11,241 – 974 + 1,920 =) 12,187 prisoners in the camp.
From January 1940 to April 1945, therefore, (132,196 – 12,187 =) 120,009 prisoners were admitted to the camp.
During the same period, 8,571 prisoners were released, 69,084 were transferred, 19,900 died of natural causes, 675 were executed or liquidated (with or without sentence), 391 escaped, 1,089 were in all probability ordered out of the camp by local police authorities, and 1,125 were transferred or set at liberty “without indication.”
The question of the fate of Soviet POWs is addressed in the following chapter.
According to the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust,23 Sachsenhausen Camp had an average strength of 2,000 prisoners at the end of 1936; at the end of 1937, according to the same source, the camp strength was 2,523, 8,309 in 1938, and 12,168 in 1939. According to this source, 450 Jewish inmates were killed in 1938,24 and 800 inmates are said to have died in 1939. We consider these figures to be exaggerated and especially do not believe in the killing of 450 Jews in 1938, particularly since Raul Hilberg, in his standard work on the “Holocaust,” knows nothing about such an extensive killing campaign in the pre-war period. We consider more credible the figures provided by Winfried Meyer with reference to documents (inaccessible to us) of the Sachsenhausen Memorial in the Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft:25
- 1936: 6 Deaths
- 1937: 38 Deaths
- 1938: 229 Deaths
For 1939, W. Meyer does not give a casualty figure.
Regarding the total number of victims, the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust states:23
“In addition to the Soviet prisoners of war executed on arrival and those prisoners who died en route to and from the camp and during its evacuation, some 30,000 persons perished in Sachsenhausen.”
In reality, as we have already noted, 19,900 prisoners died of natural causes from 1940 to 1945. If one accepts the total number of 1,250 prisoners killed or perished in 1938 and 1939, as supplied by the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, one thus arrives at approximately 21,200 deaths for the period from 1938 to 1945. If, on the other hand, one accepts W. Meyer’s figures, the number of victims for the entire period of the camp’s existence (except 1939) amounts to (6 + 38 + 229 + 19,900 =) 20,263.
5. Soviet PoWs
The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust reports the following on the subject of Soviet prisoners of war:23
“At some point, probably in August 1941, the SS set up an installation for mass executions by shooting, disguising it as a prisoners’ examination room. In the following months, 13,000 to 18,000 Soviet prisoners of war, who were not even registered in the camp’s lists, were murdered there.”
At first glance, this assertion seems to be at least partially corroborated by a handwritten note in the change-of-occupancy report for the year 1941, which reads as follows:
“On 23 Dec. 41, 2,436 Russian PoWs deducted from camp occupancy, i.e., liquidated in the crematorium.”
But the statement “i.e. ,liquidated in the crematorium” is demonstrably incorrect. In fact, there is a document on the fluctuations in the number of Soviet prisoners of war in the period from 18 October (on that day, the first transport with such prisoners arrived) to 30 December 1941 (see Doc. 2). On 23 October, there were 2,436 Soviet prisoners of war in the Sachsenhausen Camp, regarding whom the following typewritten entry appears: “as of 23 Oct. 41 no longer in camp strength”. Since the document also notes the changes in the number of Soviet POWs for the following period (2,423 on 24 October, 1,360 on 30 December), it is clear that these 2,436 allegedly liquidated prisoners were no longer listed in the occupancy book. In fact, they belong to those 2,814 prisoners who, according to the change-of-occupancy report for October 1941, are registered under the heading “Transfers.” As of 24 October, Soviet prisoners of war were recorded in a separate occupancy book; hence, they were counted separately.
Doc. 2: Change-of-Occupancy Report of Soviet PoWs (18 Oct. to 30 Dec. 1941).28 (click to enlarge)
The story told by the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust is therefore unsubstantiated in two respects: It is not true that Soviet prisoners of war were brought to Sachsenhausen unregistered, and it is equally false that “13,000 to 18,000” such prisoners were shot there starting in August of 1941.
6. Homicidal Gas Chamber
According to the orthodox narrative,26 there was a gas chamber for killing people in Sachsenhausen Camp. The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust expresses itself quite succinctly on this subject:23
“The camp also has a gas chamber, probably installed in 1943; it was added to an existing crematorium compound. The gas chamber was used on special orders only; one such occasion, presumably, was in February 1945. When the SS had several thousand physically debilitated prisoners killed on the eve of the camp’s evacuation.”
Further details about the alleged homicidal gas chamber at Sachsenhausen are given by another classic of official historiography, the anthology Nazi Mass Murder, in the brief section devoted to this camp:27
“The former commandant of the camp, one Anton Kaindl, who had run it from August 1942 until it was dissolved in 1945, declared in his depositions that Richard Glücks, the inspector of concentration camps, had ordered the commandants of the various camps to have gas chambers built on the model of those at Auschwitz.”
Subsequently, this book quotes an excerpt from the transcript of the Sachsenhausen Trial before the Military Tribunal of the Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany from 23 October to 1 November 1947, during which the accused Sachsenhausen commandant Anton Kaindl “confessed:”29
“About the middle of March 1943, I introduced the gas chamber as a means of mass extermination.”
Kaindl further stated:30
“In 1942, by order of the Inspector of the SS concentration camps, Glücks, so-called “gas chambers” were used on a large scale in the German camps to kill people. In 1943, I decided to build a gas chamber[s] at my place for the mass killing of prisoners. I received construction personnel from the SS Main Office, who in the fall of 1943 completed the installation of the gas chamber on the grounds of the camp in the crematorium building.”
This confession is implausible for a number of reasons. First, in the original, Kaindl speaks of “gas chambers” in the plural, although official historiography speaks only of one gas chamber. Second, as we will soon see, the alleged gas chamber would have been far too small for mass extermination. Third, Glücks’ order, to which Kaindl refers, is a pure invention. Fourth, the construction personnel for the erection of a homicidal gas chamber would have been provided by the SS construction office of the Sachsenhausen Camp, and not by the SS main office.31
At the trial against Kaindl just mentioned, the prosecutors were rather imprudent by describing the structure of the “gas chamber” rather accurately:32
“During the trial both Kaindl and a former prisoner, Paul Sakowski, who had worked in the crematorium complex as an executioner and had witnessed gassings, gave descriptions of the gas chamber. It had a device for opening containers automatically, and a ventilator equipped with a pressure fan was installed on the outside wall. The container was set in place, it was opened mechanically, and the fan blew the gas into the room through a system of heated pipes. That is why the SS men did not need gas masks as Sachsenhausen, as they did in most of the other camps.”
This description already indicates what this alleged homicidal gas chamber was in reality, but we have an incredibly important document that removes any doubt. Before we turn to this document, however, we want to emphasize that orthodox historiography is significantly ignorant of the construction and use of this chamber. In Nazi Mass Murder, these historians admit unabashedly:33
“The depositions differ as to the date of construction. [...] At present, our lack of specific, incontrovertible evidence makes it impossible to give a figure, even an approximate one, for the number of those executed at Sachsenhausen by means of poison gas.”
7. Soviet Expert Report on the Gas Chamber
Between June 10 and 22, 1945, a Soviet commission of experts, consisting of Colonel Vlochin and the engineers Teljaner and Grigorev, examined the Sachsenhausen Camp’s crematorium together with the killing facilities allegedly attached to it (gas chamber and execution room). Subsequently, the experts prepared an expert report accompanied by drawings. With regard to the alleged homicidal gas chamber, it states:34
It is a rectangular room measuring 2.75 x 3 m, with two entrances: one from the garage, the other from the undressing room. 1.5 m above the floor, on the northwest wall, there is a small window measuring 75 x 100 cm, which has a pane of bulletproof glass and is protected by a metal grille. On the northeast wall, 2.20 m above the floor, a fan is installed to ventilate the room; there is also a small window with bulletproof glass panes and a metal grille. All four walls are covered with fine tiles up to a height of one and a half meters. On the walls as well as on the ceiling there is a water pipe with six shower heads. The floor is made of cement. There is an opening in the floor that allows the water to drain.
During a detailed inspection of the wall of the gas chamber adjacent to the garage, traces of a closed opening were found where the metal apparatus for evaporating the hydrogen-cyanide gas examined during the technical investigation had been installed. This apparatus [see Doc. 3] consisted of a hermetic chamber, an electric device for heating the air, a fan for introducing hot air, and a connecting tube. The introduction of hydrogen-cyanide vapors into the gas chamber was done in the following way: A small Zyklon “A” bottle was placed in the chamber, 30% of which was filled with hydrogen-cyanide gas. The capacity of the container was 150 grams.
Remark. Seven containers with hydrogen cyanide gas – the preparation Zyklon “A” – were found in the building of the crematorium in a niche of the morgue, near the execution facility. In the same place, a large number of broken containers with Zyklon “A” were found.
One such container was opened with the help of a bottle opener, and by means of heating the air in the electric device, the hydrogen-cyanide vapors were passed through a metal grate [...an illegible word follows] into the room of the gas chamber.”
The installation described and drawn by the Soviet experts was certainly a Degesch circulation chamber used for fumigations with Zyklon B, here adapted to the room in question. A comparison between the Soviet drawing (cf. Doc. 3) and the drawing of a Degesch circulation device removes any doubt about this (cf. Doc. 5).
Since it was not possible to install a fan in the ceiling of the room described, the Degesch circulation system was modified so that the two essential functions of the fan were performed by two fans inside the room (see Doc. 4): the first, a circulation fan (7), was mounted on the floor and terminated in an open tube for dissipating the air (8); the second, a ventilating fan (9) was installed on the ceiling and connected to a chimney located outside the room. The Zyklon-B container was inserted into the gas-tight opening device designed for this purpose, from which the Zyklon-B granules fell onto a net (4) located underneath; a radiator (5) was placed under this, which accelerated the evaporation of the hydrogen-cyanide gas.
The fan (7) placed on the floor sucked in the gas mixture through the connecting tube (6) and spread it throughout the room through the corresponding tube (8). In the opposite corner of the room was the opening (10) of a suction pipe (11), which was connected to the opening device for the Zyklon-B cans. Due to the negative pressure caused by the fan, the gas mixture was sucked in by this apparatus through the opening as well as the net on which the Zyklon-B granules were lying, and exited through the pipe all over again.
With each passage, the gas mixture heated up and accelerated the evaporation of the hydrogen-cyanide gas. This system ensured the circulation of the gas mixture, which was the central principle of the Degesch circulation system. After the disinfestation operation was completed, the external opening device (3) was operated, which pulled out the Zyklon-B can; then the connection of the vertical suction tube with this device (12) was closed, and both fans were put into operation. In this way, the circulation fan drew in fresh air from outside, while the exhaust fan expelled air from the room.
Theoretically, this disinfestation chamber – like any similar facility in any other concentration camp – could certainly have been used to kill people, but its size (2.75 m × 3 m = 8.25 m²) makes a mockery of Kaindl’s claim that it was used “for the mass killing of prisoners.”
The Soviet experts' statement that the gas chamber was operated with Zyklon A containers is even more abstruse. By the beginning of the 1930s, the original Zyklon product (called Zyklon A only after the introduction of the later Zyklon B) had already been discontinued, and, moreover, was not stored in “containers” at all. A disinfestation expert, Gerhard Peters, stated in this regard in 1933:36
“The method of application of ‘Zyklon A’ was externally extraordinarily simple: it only needed to be injected into the room to be disinfested with a device similar to plant-sprayer under 5-10 atmospheres of pressure by means of a metallic or other conduit (such as through the keyhole) and finely vaporized.”
Thus, the use of Zyklon A required a vaporizer that could not be achieved at all with a simple fan. It follows that the use of this product would have been technically impossible with the Sachsenhausen fumigation chamber.
8. Homicidal Gassings at Sachsenhausen: A False Testimony
The fraudulent Soviet expertise on the alleged homicidal gas chamber of Sachsenhausen served as incontrovertible evidence during the trial of the former camp commandant. The existence of this gas chamber was accepted as an irrefutable fact, and was therefore confirmed by the witness Sakowski, so Kaindl had no choice but to “confess.”
1) Zyklon-B-can opening device; 2) can opener; 3) lid of device; 4) net for collecting Zyklon B granules; 5) heater; 6) connecting tube; 7) circulation fan; 8) diffusion tube; 9) venting fan; 10) suction tube mouth; 11) suction tube; 12) suction tube closing flap.
Although a misuse of the disinfestation chamber for killing people with Zyklon B would have been possible in principle, as already emphasized, there is no document of any kind on this, and as far as I know, there is only one account of such a homicidal gassing. It was quoted in the verdict of the Soviet trial against Anton Kaindl. In view of the fact that the author of the section on Sachsenhausen in the anthology Nazi Mass Murder, which is not even three pages long, devotes almost an entire page to it, it may well be assumed that it is the only one of its kind. It concerns eight or nine foreign workers who had been caught looting bomb-damaged houses in Berlin in October or November 1944, and were subsequently sentenced to death. They were sent to Sachsenhausen for execution. According to the witness Höhn, who described the episode in question, the condemned were led into the gas chamber. Afterwards, the following had happened:39
“The door was closed from the cloakroom side, where the defendant stood with the other participants. Wessel turned on the pressure fan, which was placed near the floor on the wall between the cloakroom and the gas chamber. Then he had someone – the defendant does not know whom – hand him a capsule, which the defendant knew contained liquefied gas, and he inserted it into the center of the fan. A moment later he stopped this fan and turned on an exhaust fan set into an outside wall of the gas chamber. After the chamber had been sufficiently ventilated, the door was opened, and the defendant saw the prisoners asphyxiated by the gas. The doctor present made sure they were dead.”
One does not quite understand why the eight or nine inmates condemned to death were not shot in the alleged execution room of the crematorium or at the firing range. On the other hand, it is clear that the witness never saw the events he described. His description is based on the fraudulent Soviet expertise on gassings with Zyklon A, since he speaks of a “capsule” which contained “liquefied gas”. The witness adds that the capsule was “inserted into the center of the fan,” which is nonsense, because it would have had to be inserted into the can opener designed for that purpose. Finally, the ventilator (“exhaust fan”) could not perform its task, i.e.. pumping out the air, if the circulation ventilator was switched off (in the German original text, the witness calls it a “Druckventilator,” meaning “pressure ventilator”).
9. The Destruction of the “Evidence”
When the Soviets liberated the Sachsenhausen Camp, the crematorium was practically intact. Even the furnaces were still in place, and had been drawn with great precision by Soviet experts.40 (Cf. Figure 4.) The Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museum website reports the following about the camp’s subsequent postwar history:41
“In connection with the Allied denazification policy, the Soviet occupying power set up ten special camps in the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ) after the military defeat of the Nazi regime. With 60,000 prisoners, Special Camp No. 7 (since 1948 No. 1) in Sachsenhausen was by far the largest of these camps. 12,000 people died here of hunger and disease between 1945 and 1950. In particular, the reduction of the already scarce rations led to a veritable mass death in the ’Hunger Winter‘ of 1946/47.”
“Since the Soviet occupation forces used the former concentration camp complex, commemorating the victims at the authentic site was not possible at first. The first commemorative events therefore took place in Oranienburg's city center in the immediate post-war period. Furthermore, with the takeover of the site by the Kasernierte Volkspolizei (KVP, Communist East Germany’s army-style police force) in 1950, the neglect and destruction of historic structures began. […]
In 1952/53, the former extermination site ‘Station Z’ was demolished by the KVP, which planned a ‘shooting range’ in this area, of all places. The local population also participated in the destruction by using barracks from the former prisoners’ camp area as construction material and firewood. [Communist East Germany’s] National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee) […] participated in destructions on the site. The prisoners’ camp was ‘historically cleansed’ as far as possible.”
Thus, under the Soviet regime, 12,000 out of 60,000, or 20% of the Germans imprisoned there died in Sachsenhausen during peacetime. During the Nazi regime, in seven and a half years – five of which were war years – 21,200 prisoners had perished, representing 16% of the internees.
The destruction of the crematorium by the Communist police force, which could not have been carried out without orders from above, seems more than strange when one considers that Communist East Germany always saw itself as the guardian of the holy grail of “anti-fascism”. One conceivable explanation would be that prisoners had been murdered in the crematorium by NKVD agents, and that the government of Communist East Germany later wanted to cover the traces of these misdeeds. In 1961, a memorial was erected on the site where the crematorium had stood, with the following inscription on the plaque (see Fig. 5):
“‘Station Z’ – foundation of the crematorium built in 1942 with 4 furnaces, a gas chamber and a neck-shooting device”.
Fig. 4: Crematorium furnaces of the former Sachsenhausen CC
10. Excursus: The Gas Chamber at Mauthausen
In the previous chapter, we provided evidence that the gas chamber of Sachsenhausen Camp was a Zyklon-B fumigation chamber with an adapted Degesch circulation system. The fact that it was located in the crematorium had no sinister significance, because five Degesch circulation fumigation chambers of the standard type were also installed at the Dachau Camp in the same building as the cremation furnaces, and any gassing of prisoners in these chambers is not claimed by anyone (see Fig. 6).
The Sachsenhausen fumigation chamber had two doors: one for the “unclean side,” from which the material to be fumigated was brought in, and one for the “clean side, from which the disinfested objects were taken out.
The room described in the Soviet report as a homicidal gas chamber had a real water pipe with six real showers. To allow the water to drain, a drain was placed on the floor. The walls were covered with tiles up to a height of one and a half meters. The size of the room was quite small: 2.75 m × 3 m = 8.25 m².
All this can be found with striking similarity in the alleged homicidal gas chamber at the Mauthausen Camp! This room, located next to the crematorium,42 has two gas-tight doors, a real water pipe and sixteen real showers, a drain for draining the water, and the walls are covered with tiles up to a height of about one and a half meters. This room is also quite small (3.59 m × 3.87 m = 13.98 m²); its height is 2.42 m.43 Furthermore, it contains a heating radiator consisting of five horizontal tubes (cf. Figs. 7ff.).
According to Hans Marsalek, during his lifetime one of the leading orthodox Mauthausen historians, this room was a homicidal gas chamber that functioned in a decidedly peculiar manner:44
“On one side of the wall, above the tiles, there was a radiator; furthermore, there was lighting; in one of the ceilings there was an electric ventilation (5) and an approximately 1 m long enameled pipe (6). On the side of the wall, not visible, this pipe, had a half centimeter wide and 80 cm long slit opening, and was connected with the gas filling device (3) located in the gas cell (2). All switches (7) – for light, water supply and ventilator – were located outside the gas chamber (1). The hot brick was brought in on a shovel, and placed on the bottom of the gas filler. Now, the SS man wearing a gas mask poured the Zyklon-B poison from the can onto the brick. Immediately, the container was fitted with the sealed lid, and closed airtight by means of two existing wing screws. The rising heat of the heated brick caused the rapid release of the poison.”
In a different book, the same author wrote:45
“If there was enough gas in the chamber, death by asphyxiation occurred in about 10 to 20 minutes. [...] The entire process of gassing, of a group of about 30 persons, beginning with undressing, the so-called medical examination, murder, ventilation and removal of the corpses, lasted 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 hours.”
Such a system would have been primitive, dangerous and inefficient. Pouring a can of Zyklon B granules on a brick heated in the nearby crematorium would have immediately produced a plume of hydrogen-cyanide fumes (just as pouring water on the hot brickwork of a furnace produces vapor), and the fumes would have spread through the basement of the infirmary, which had no ventilation system.
On the other hand, the following should be noted: According to the orthodox narrative, in the alleged homicidal gas chambers of the Birkenau crematoria, which had no means of heating the Zyklon B, all victims are said to have been dead after just a few minutes – 20 at most.”46 Under these circumstances, one does not understand why a heated brick and a gas filler were necessary at Mauthausen, all the more so since the room had a hot-water radiator, and this heating system could have been used to accelerate the evaporation of the hydrogen-cyanide gas.
Last but not least, to ventilate the gas chamber effectively, it would have been necessary to open one of the two doors or even both, because venting by sucking the air out of the “gas cell” through the “gas filling device” and the 80 cm long but only half a centimeter wide “slit opening” in the pipe would have taken far too long.
And all this effort is said to have been made in order to gas thirty prisoners who could have been shot much more quickly and without any difficulty! Moreover, no one understands why a gas chamber should have been equipped with a functioning shower and heating system. The story does not add up.
Finally, the following seemingly peculiar fact is worth mentioning: On none of the official plans of Mauthausen Camp does a disinfestation plant appear. Can one really imagine that the main camp had to manage without such an important facility, and had to rely on the corresponding facility at the Gusen Subcamp?47
On the other hand, the similarity between the disinfestation chamber at Sachsenhausen and the alleged homicidal gas chamber at Mauthausen is all too striking to be a mere coincidence. Quite obviously, both were rooms that had previously served other purposes and had then been converted into premises with a dual function as a disinfestation chamber and shower room. The chamber at Mauthausen was certainly equipped with a modified Degesch circulation system similar to that at Sachsenhausen. The device for opening the Zyklon B cans was located in the adjacent room (today called the “gas cell”), and in front of it, inside the room, the circulation fan with the corresponding tubes was installed on the floor. The ventilator was located in the opposite corner in the ceiling, where one can still see its opening closed by a round lid, and was connected to a shaft located on the roof of the room, so the hydrogen-cyanide gas exited at a level not dangerous for humans (see Fig. 11f.).
Therefore, there is no doubt that we are dealing here with a hydrogen-cyanide fumigation chamber with a Degesch circulation system.
This provides a plausible explanation for the fact that no known plan of Mauthausen Camp shows a disinfestation chamber, and that no original plan of this camp has ever been published. Finally, it also explains the fact that cyanide concentrations of a maximum of 32 mg/kg were measured in the mortar samples taken from this location by Fred Leuchter.48 This value is sufficiently high to prove that hydrogen cyanide was indeed used in this room, but it is far below the values determined in the Zyklon-B fumigation buildings BW 5a and 5b at Birkenau, because the hydrogen cyanide at Mauthausen was used with a circulation system, leading to much shorter exposure times.
Of course, this fumigation chamber could have been misused for homicidal purposes, but no testimony describes the circulation system, which would have been the only system allowing this facility to function.
First published in Vierteljahreshefte für freie Geschichtsforschung, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2003, pp. 173-185.
| IMT, Vol. VII, p. 586.|
| Affidavit by P. Waldmanns dated 20 June 1945. GARF (Gosudarstwenny Arkhiv Rossiskoi Federatsii, State Archives of the Russian Federation), Moscow, 7021-104-8, p. 24a (p. 6 of the affidavit).|
| GARF, 7021-104-2, pp. 52-55.|
| Jürgen Graf, Carlo Mattogno, Concentration Camp Majdanek: A Historical and Technical Study. 3rd ed., Castle Hill Publishers, Uckfield, 2016, p. 44. Z. Leszczyńska, “Transporty więźniów do obozu Majdanku,” in: Zeszyty Majdanka, Vol. IV, 1969, p. 207.|
| GARF, 7021-104-4, p. 39.|
| Total miscalculated: (13,100 + 1,525 – 996 =) 13,629.|
| Total miscalculated: (11,294 + 444 – 1,230 =) 10,508.|
| GARF, 7021-104-4, p. 50.|
| Total miscalculated: (10,868 + 900 – 284 =) 11,484.|
| Total miscalculated: (11,132 + 485 – 521 =) 11,096.|
| Total miscalculated: (10,532 + 2,777 – 3,034 =) 10,275.|
| GARF, 7021-104-4, p. 58.|
| GARF, 7021-104-4, p. 65.|
| Total miscalculated: (24,670 + 684 – 527 =) 24,827.|
| Total miscalculated: (28,220 + 1,259 – 1,264 =) 28,215.|
| GARF, 7021-104-4, p. 73.|
| Total miscalculated: (29,880 + 922 – 1,329 =) 29,473.|
| Total miscalculated: (44,742 + 5,428 – 2,476 =) 47,694.|
| GARF, 7021-104-4, p. 81.|
| Total miscalculated: (58,147 + 945 – 11,708 =) 47,384.|
| Total miscalculated: (37,883 + 3,539 – 6,491 =) 34,931.|
| Total miscalculated: (34,873 + 840 – 1,198 =) 34,515.|
| I. Gutman (ed.), Enzyclopedia of the Holocaust. Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 1990, Vol. 3, p. 1321.|
| Leni Yahil was more careful; he wrote that 300 Jews “perished” in 1938. L. Yahil, “Jews in Concentration Camps in Germany prior to World War II,” in: The Nazi Concentration Camps. Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 1984, p. 94.|
| Winfried Meyer, “Britischer oder sowjetischer Sachsenhausen-Prozeß?,” in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft. No. 45, 1997, p. 987.|
| More specifically, according to some orthodox “Holocaust” historians. Raul Hilberg mentions homicidal gassings at Sachsenhausen nowhere in his magnum opus The Destruction of the European Jews; Translator’s note.|
| Eugen Kogon, Hermann Langbein, Adalbert Rückerl (eds.), Nazi Mass Murder: A Documentary History of the Use of Poison Gas. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven/London, 1993, p. 184.|
| GARF, 7021-104-4, pp. 149f.|
| Kogon et al., op. cit. (Note 27), p. 184: the original in fact reads “gas chambers,” plural, which the translators of the English edition “corrected.”|
| Ibid., pp. 184f.|
| The Sachsenhausen Camp was subject to the Construction Inspection of the Waffen SS and Police, Reich North, which supervised three central construction offices (Berlin, Ravensbrück and Goslar) as well as 11 construction offices, among them also that of Sachsenhausen.|
| Kogon et al., op. cit. (Note 27), p. 255.|
| Ibid., pp. 270, 186.|
| GARF, 7021-104-3, pp. 2-4.|
| GARF, 7021-104-3, p. 7: Blueprint of the Sachsenhausen Camp’s crematorium. Soviet drawing (of June 1945), there No. 2. This document has such a bad quality that we cannot reproduce it here. It will be posted online.|
| Gerhard Peters, Blausäure zur Schädlingsbekämpfung. Sammlung chemischer und chemisch-technischer Vorträge. Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, 1933, p. 57.|
| GARF, 7021-104-3, p. 23.|
| Ludwig Gaßner, “Verkehrshygiene und Schädlingsbekämpfung”, Gesundheits-Ingenieur, Vol. 66, No. 15, 1943, pp. 174ff.|
| Kogon et al., op. cit. (Note 27), p. 185.|
| GARF, 7021-104-3, pp. 5f.|
| https://www.sachsenhausen-sbg.de/geschichte/1945-1950-sowjetisches-speziallager/ and https://www.sachsenhausen-sbg.de/geschichte/1961-1990-nationale-mahn-und-gedenkstaette-sachsenhausen/|
| Just like the Topf double-muffle furnaces, this room is also located in the basement of camp hospital.|
| Measures taken on the spot by the author.|
| Hans Marsalek, Die Vergasungsaktionen im Konzentrationslager Mauthausen. Österreichische Lagergemeinschaft Mauthausen, Vienna, 1988, p. 10.|
| Hans Marsalek, Die Geschichte des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen. Dokumentation. Österreichische Lagergemeinschaft Mauthausen, Vienna, 1980, p. 211.|
| F. Piper, "Gas Chambers and Crematoria," in: Y. Gutman, M. Berenbaum (eds.), Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Indiana University Press, Bloomington/Indianapolis, 1994, p. 170.|
| The Gusen Camp had a Zyklon-B fumigation chamber with an extraction fan.|
| Fred Leuchter, Robert Faurisson, Germar Rudolf, The Leuchter Reports: Critical Edition, Castle Hill Publishers, Uckfield, 2017, p. 143.|
Additional information about this document
|Title:||Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, Occupancy Reports and “Extermination Operations” 1940 to 1945|
|Sources:||Inconvenient History, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2023; first published in Vierteljahreshefte für freie Geschichtsforschung, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2003, pp. 173-185.|
|First posted on CODOH:||June 26, 2023, 2:13 p.m.|


text:
THE BEST BUFFALO
☑ SUPER QUICK (25 MINS)
☑ VERY EASY
☑ LOW CARB
☑ EASY TO DOUBLE
☑ PERFECT FOR GAME DAY!
Diced chicken, cornstarch, salt, pepper, garlic/onion powder and paprika...
...Franks Red Hot, Texas Pete, and butter.
– 2 lb boneless skinless chicken breast, patted dry and diced into 2" pieces – 1/2 c cornstarch, or arrowroot powder for paleo – 2 tsp sea or kosher salt – 1 tsp cracked black pepper – 1 tsp onion powder – 1 tsp garlic powder – 1/2 tsp paprika – 2 tbsp olive oil, or avocado oil for paleo – 1/2 c Frank's RedHot – 1/2 c Texas Pete Original Hot Sauce, or your favorite hot sauce - see suggestions in post – 2 tbsp butter
Whisk cornstarch with salt, pepper, garlic & onion powder, and paprika.
Add diced chicken and toss in batter until evenly coated.
Saute chicken bites in a single layer.
Flip and saute on the other side. Remove all chicken from skillet and set aside.
Add butter and heat until melted.
Add hot sauce (two different brands for best flavor!) and whisk until smooth.
Return chicken bites to skillet; toss with sauce & simmer until cooked through.

domain: food


Prediction and odds for the game: Inter (11/8) vs Real Madrid (19/10)
We are backing the draw at odds of 13/5
When: Wednesday, 15th September 2021, Kick-off 20:00
Where: The Stadio Giuseppe Meazza
On Wednesday night, Italian champions Inter host Real Madrid at the Giuseppe Meazza in gameweek one of Group D in the Champions League.
The Nerazzurri have started life under new head coach Simone Inzaghi in a promising fashion. The men from Milan are unbeaten in their opening three matches in Serie A, having recorded two wins and a draw. Despite the summer departure of last season’s top scorer Romelu Lukaku, the home team has also scored at least two goals in each of their three league outings this season.
Inter’s recent record in the Champions League is not a positive one, as they have won just one of their last seven matches in Europe’s elite competition. That poor run of results includes home and away defeats to Wednesday’s night’s opponents in last season’s competition. In fact, the Nerazzurri have lost four of the last five meetings with the Spanish giants.
The Nerazzurri have failed to win any of their last four European games on home soil. They have also conceded at least two goals in three of the previous four matches on their travels in the Champions League.
Like Inter, Real Madrid have made a good start under a new head coach. However, boss Carlo Ancelotti is not such a good head coach, as he is now in his second stint as Los Blancos boss. The team from the Spanish capital are unbeaten in four La Liga games this season, having recorded three wins and a draw. Los Blancos have been high-scoring in Ancelotti’s second stint in charge, as they have scored at least three goals in three of their four games in La Liga.
Real Madrid are of course the most successful club in the Champions League, having won the trophy on 13 occasions. However, the visitors head into this game on the back of a three-game winless run in Europe’s elite competition. A 2-0 defeat against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in the semi-final second leg saw Los Blancos exit the competition last season.
The visitors have won just one of their last four away matches in the Champions League. The fact that they have managed to score just once in that run is likely a factor in their results.
Both teams have enjoyed promising starts to their domestic campaigns. It is a difficult game to judge, but we are backing the game to finish in a draw. However, we do think it is will be an entertaining encounter, as both teams have been potent in front of goal. Therefore, the other recommendation we make is to back over 2.5 goals scored.
Our Tips: We are backing the draw at odds of 13/5 and/or over 2.5 goals scored at odds of 8/11. (All odds are taken from Bet365)[geosnippet id=3620]
If you are looking for a bookmaker to place your bet on Inter vs Real Madrid, why not pay our betting page a visit, as that is where you will find our recommended bookmakers. If you are looking for more previews and tips, then you may also be interested in our soccer predictions page, where we post regular content.
Which team will continue their good start to the season in Milan?


The PENN Slammer III is back by popular demand. Built for heavy-duty fishing from either boat or shore, and trusted by charter captains all over the world. The Slammer III reels feature our new IPX6 Sealed System which keeps water out of the gear box and drag system. We're also using our updated Slammer Drag System which now utilzes our proprietary Dura- Drag material.
- Full Metal Body, sideplate, and rotor
- CNC Gear™ technology
- IPX6 Sealed body and spool design
- Sealed Slammer® drag system with Dura-Drag™
- 6+1 stainless steel bearing system
- Gear Ratio : 6.2:1
- Bearing Count : 8
- Max Drag lb : 30lb
- Mono Capacity yd/lb : 320/10
- Instant Anti-Reverse
- Retrieve Rate : 40"
- Drag Material Dura Drag
Write a review and share your thoughts with other shoppers.


text:
Queen City Pride faced backlash from some who questioned why an ally was being celebrated over members of the LGBTQ community.
Seattle Seahawks punter Jon Ryan will no longer lead the Queen City Pride Parade.
The Regina-raised NFL player was named grand marshal on May 24. Ryan was seen as a vocal ally of the LGBTQ community.
But after the announcement, Queen City Pride faced backlash from some who questioned why an ally was being celebrated over members of the LGBTQ community.
Over the weekend, Ryan withdrew as grand marshal.
“I was so honoured to be asked to be the grand marshal and am so incredibly disappointed that it couldn’t work out,” Ryan told the Regina Leader-Post on Sunday.
Pride held a town-hall meeting last week to discuss the concerns.
As a result of the meeting Pride created a “Pride in Sports” grand marshal entry for this year’s parade. The organization is looking for athletes, teams and sports groups to participate in the parade.
“This additional honorary entry serves to represent the overall goal of raising the profile of LGBTQ athletes in our community — where sports have traditionally been a difficult space for members of our community to feel comfortable and safe in,” a statement released by the Pride board of directors after the meeting read.
“It is important that the focus of the parade remain on members of Regina’s gender and sexually diverse community and therefore the order in which our grand marshals will appear has taken this into consideration.”
The parade will also highlight the work of AIDS Programs South Saskatchewan, an organization some at the town hall suggested wasn’t being given due exposure after it was named a grand marshal alongside Ryan.
“While we appreciate the voices of those in the community who have spoken favourably of our announcement, it is important that we respect and raise up the marginalized voices of our community who have traditionally been silenced or unheard,” said the statement. “Through this town hall meeting, Regina Pride Inc. was able to develop dialogue and awareness of the needs our community and this will help inform the future growth of the festival and the organization as a whole.”

domain: sociology


March 1, 2011
Johnson lands Gopher offer
Big tight ends are a hallmark of the new Minnesota offense and the Gopher staff did not have to look far to find a prospect who might fit the bill. Will Johnson of Osseo, MN is 6-foot-7, 245 pounder who can run, catch, and block. He does them so well that the Gopher staff offered him a scholarship and several other schools are showing very strong interest.
...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!


text:
In addition to ordering Shkreli to stay in prison, a fedeal appeals court also affirmed that he must forfeit more than $7.3 million, along with paying restitution of $388,336
Trump said he would hire 5,000 new border patrol agents, but has fallen short of that promise. Garrett Graff discusses the leadership vacuum that's plagued the agency and worsened the border crisis.
New court documents describe Trump's direct involvement with negotiations that led to a $130,000 payment to an adult film star to buy her silence about her alleged extramarital affair with Trump.
(Image credit: AP)
Disney's Lion King is so realistic-looking that, paradoxically, you can't believe a moment of it. The computer-generated blockbuster feels like the world's most expensive safari-themed karaoke video.
(Image credit: Disney Enterprises, Inc.)
Earth, Wind & Fire, Sally Field, Linda Ronstadt, Sesame Street and Michael Tilson Thomas will be recognized for their lifetime contributions to the performing arts at a gala in December.
(Image credit: Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images)
U.S. District Judge Richard M. Berman ordered the 66-year-old multimillionaire to remain in jail until trial. Federal prosecutors had called Epstein a flight risk.
Hashem Abedi has denied involvement in the 2017 bombing at the end of an Ariana Grande concert that killed 22 people in Manchester, England. He was charged with murdering all of them.
(Image credit: Force for Deterrence in Libya/AP)
Iran alleges that the small Panama-flagged tanker was smuggling some 264,000 gallons of fuel.
(Image credit: Jon Gambrell/AP)
Miranda Lambert shares a cute-as-hell country bop and a total barnburner. "It All Comes Out In The Wash" and "Locomotive" are Lambert's first solo offerings in three years.
(Image credit: Rich Fury/Getty Images for ACM)
In the early 1960s, NASA was considering three different ideas for landing a man on the lunar surface. Houbolt's plan ultimately won out despite concerns within NASA that it was too risky.
(Image credit: NASA/LARC/Bob Nye/PhotoQuest/Getty Images)

domain: news


text:
Breach of contract can be difficult to navigate even for an experienced business owner. Notably, how you handle a breach of contract can have long-lasting business consequences, so it is important to take the time to understand all legal considerations.
Firstly, as the non-breaching party, you need to show proof that the business owner breached a contract, and that the breach harmed you or your business financially or in some way.
In most cases where there is a breach of contract, compensatory damages are usually awarded as financial compensation for the harm caused by the business owner breaching his or her contractual obligations.
Liquidated damages are a pre-determined amount of money that one business owner agrees to pay the other business owner as compensation for a breach. Liquidated damages are typically stipulated in an agreement where it is difficult to determine financial harm caused by a breach. For example, if you were leasing space from another business and your lease stated that either party had to provide six months’ notice before canceling the lease, you would both agree on a specific sum as liquidated damages.
Where business owners have agreed to liquidated damages in advance and one business owner breaches his or her obligations under that contract, he/she must pay the other business owner those pre-agreed upon amounts as compensation for the breach.
In business law, liquidated damages are sometimes used to avoid the costs of litigation if a business owner breaches his or her contractual obligations.
An injunction is a legal order that requires the business owner who breached his or her contractual obligations to take some action that will remedy the situation and prevent further harm until the matter goes before a judge at trial.
For example, if business A breached the contract by not providing business B with widgets, business B could apply for an injunction that would require business A to provide business B with widgets until the matter gets resolved in court.
Business law can feel complicated, especially when it comes to breach of contract. However, understanding the steps to take to handle these situations is the first step business owners must take in order to resolve this issue.

domain: law


Amplicon Liveline Ltd
- Centenary Industrial Estate
- 01273 608331
- 01273 570220
Amplicon Liveline Ltd Articles
Fast graphics and media processing in a small compact design
Amplicon has introduced the Impact-D 100AL – its first ever DIN Rail PC to feature Intel ATOM processors. The system comes equipped with a range of I/O ports offering flexibility as well as graphics capabilities. The Impact-D 100AL is powered by the Intel ATOM Apollo Lake processors, offering performance, expansion and availability with an operational lifecycle of 15 years, all within a compact design.
Cisco switches increase industrial network resilience
Amplicon has introduced the IE 4010, an industrial rackmount Ethernet switch designed to withstand industrial environments whilst offering security, easy deployment and ease-to-use. The Cisco IE 4010 offers security, functionality, approvals and robustness. Designed to withstand extreme industrial environments, the IE 4010 offers 24Gb PoE/PoE+ capable ports, making them suitable for use as access switches in industrial environments to c...
Ethernet-based I/O device offers quick and easy system integration
Amplicon has introduced the ICP DAS iP-8000-MTCP series to its portfolio of measurement and control products. These cost-effective Modbus TCP I/O expansion units provide users with maximum flexibility when designing a custom data acquisition system that requires the measurement and control of a large number of process signals over an Ethernet network.
Secure data transmission with rugged switches from Belden
Amplicon, the UK distributor for Belden products has introduced the OCTOPUS family, a range of industrial IP67/65/54 Ethernet switches capable of offering maximum network reliability and long term availability under extreme conditions.
Mini-ITX embedded computer offers increased bandwidth
UK manufacturer of high-performance industrial computers, Amplicon, has announced plans to continue its commitment to innovative, new product development in 2018 and will be introducing brand new Industrial computers every month. The first release is the Amplicon Impact-R 156/157, a powerful Mini-ITX embedded computer, designed to outperform in industrial applications that require demanding expansion functionality.
Powerful future-proof industrial PC's
A new powerful addition has been added by Amplicon its range of Industrial PC’s; Impact-R 1110F and Impact-E 150AL. Both PC’s are Apollo Lake based and powered by the outstanding Intel ATOM E3950 processor offering exceptional scalability and unparalleled availability, boasting a lifecycle of over 15 years.
Secure remote monitoring introduced by Amplicon
Distributor for Moxa products, Amplicon has introduced the OnCell G3150A-LTE series, a new LTE cellular gateway enabling high speed data transmission without compromising network security.
Embedded PC ensures maximum up-time
An embedded PC fully packed with features has been introduced by Amplicon, the Impact-D 160. The new system offers increased computing power thanks to its Skylake processor, is I/O rich and security availability is greater than in previous models. End users can benefit from its small form factor, which is suited to applications in markets such as transportation, security and automation. Designed and built in the UK, the new Impact-D 160 from...
Amplicon achieves 'Microsoft Silver Partner' status
In order to obtain Silver Partner status, Amplicon has achieved a competency in “Windows & Devices”. To earn this distinction partners must successfully demonstrate expertise through rigorous exams, culminating in the Microsoft certification. To ensure the highest quality of services, Microsoft requires customer references for successful implementation and customer satisfaction.
Amplicon appointed as integration partner by VPC
Amplicon has been granted the status of Integration Partner by Virginia Panel Corporation (VPC). Building on existing successful agreements, this new partnership enables Amplicon to further integrate its engineering test solutions with what it claims to be the highest quality products in the market. The addition of Virginia Panel Corporation to the Amplicon portfolio of partners brings new business opportunities for both companies and has helped ...
Device servers provide reliable serial-to-Ethernet connectivity
In keeping with the current IoT market trend, Amplicon has introduced the Moxa NPort IA5000A series. This has been designed to provide a solution for serial devices that need to connect to an Ethernet network. The Moxa NPort IA5000A series are user-friendly device servers designed to ensure reliable serial-to-Ethernet connectivity for the industrial automation market.
Flexible platform optimises industrial connectivity
The MGate MB3000 series provides a flexible platform for high density Modbus RTU to Modbus TCP conversion. The series provides maximum flexibility for integrating industrial Modbus networks of all types and sizes. Furthermore, with the MGate MB3000 the user can control power meters, UPSs, ATS and protection relays.
Embedded PC features high bandwidth DDR3 SO-DIMM memory
Amplicon has announced a lightweight, compact, fanless embedded PC which features an Intel Core 3rd gen mobile processor supported by high bandwidth DDR3 SO-DIMM memory. The Impact-E 200HT utilises the QM77 chipset that introduces high bandwidth SATA III allowing for data transfer speeds up to 6Gb/s. It ensures that the data bus bottleneck, which previously hindered data transfer speeds, is now a thing of the past.
Enable multiple Modbus masters on the same network
Allowing multiple Modbus masters to exist on the same Modbus network, the Moxa MB3170 and MB3270 advanced Modbus gateways have been unveiled by Amplicon. They are designed to integrate Modbus TCP, Modbus RTU and Modbus ASCII devices in almost any master and slave combination, including serial master to serial slave, or simultaneous serial and TCP masters.
DAQ solution can be used standalone or PC-based
Able to support several different analogue inputs, the SQ2020 is a universal datalogger from Amplicon that can be used as a standalone or PC-based data acquisition solution. Features include multiple analogue inputs, such as thermistors, thermocouples, voltage and current, with eight true differential or 16 single-ended analogue inputs.
Embedded computer powered by quad core ATOM processor
Powered by the latest Intel ATOM processor, the quad core E3845, the Impact-D 100 has been designed and manufactured in the UK by Amplicon. The manufacturer has carefully chosen the components and CPU family to ensure optimal performance vs. heat and power consumption, this ensures the system will operate and control your application 24/7 with many years of maintenance free running.
Wireless access point offers up to 300Mb/s bandwidth
Utilising IEEE 802.11n technology to achieve a net data rate of up to 300Mb/s, Amplicon has introduced a wireless access point which operates on either the 2.4 or 5GHz band. The AWK-1131A is an industrial wireless access point and client which is also backwards compatible with IEE 802.11a/b/g, making it suitable for any wireless application, whilst still providing full interoperability with existing wireless equipment.
Digital oscilloscope features MAUI touch screen
The WaveSurfer 10 digital oscilloscope is the newest addition to Amplicon’s test and measurement portfolio. The instrument has a debug toolkit enabling complex analysis with minimal time and effort. The oscilloscope matches the performance of many higher-end oscilloscopes with a 1GHz bandwidth, 10GSa/s sampling rate and 10Mpts/ch memory depth.
Bridging the gap between new technology & legacy protocols
Featuring a high performance 2.5” MLC SSD to deliver a truly silent system, the Impact-R 1100F series from Amplicon is a fanless system powered by the Intel ATOM D2550 processor. With options for multiple serial communication ports, the 1U rackmount PC can offer up to a total of seven DB9 with a mixture of RS232/422 and RS485, allowing for true flexibility as well as legacy support.
4th gen Ventrix & Impact-R rackmount industrial PCs have low power
Amplicon has introduced the Intel Core 4th gen processor family, providing outstanding processing power with low power consumption and thermal characteristics and rich I/O. The introduction of the Haswell architecture signals further advancements and capabilities from predecessors; lower power consumption, greater numbers of USB 3.0 and SATA III channels and iAMT revision 9.


As your landlord we want to ensure you have the right advice and support when you need it. This section provides information about what is available to you.
Income Officers within our Housing Teams can provide you with free guidance and support.
They can help both new and existing customers on a range of issues, such as:
- Welfare benefit guidance
- Referrals to support agencies
They can also provide information on how to access a range of benefits such as housing and Council Tax Reduction. Alternatively, you can calculate what you may be entitled to using a benefits calculator.
To contact your Income Officer call 0808 169 9301.
The earlier you contact us, the better.
- Try to gather together as much information about your income and outgoings as you can.
- Check to see if you are entitled to any extra help through benefits.
Depending on your individual circumstances, we can:
- Provide information on how to set up affordable and achievable payment arrangements to manage your rent arrears.
- Assist you to complete and manage claims for benefits, including Universal Credit.
- Assist you to claim discretionary housing payment from your local authority (to help cover housing costs).
- Provide information on support agencies in your area and assist with referrals, if required.
- Advice Guide - online money help from the Citizens Advice Bureau.
- Civil Legal Advice - Check to see if you are able to get free and confidential advice as part of legal aid.
- StepChange Debt Charity - a registered charity offering free, confidential advice and support to anyone who is worried about debt.
- HM Revenue & Customs - find out more about the tax credits and benefits you may be entitled to.
- EntitledTo - find out exactly what tax credits and benefits you are entitled to by filling in this online form
- National Debtline - free debt advice and support for people with money worries and debt problems.
- The Money Charity - is a national money education charity which aims to help people handle their money well.
- AdviceUK - AdviceUK is the UK's largest support network for free, independent advice centres.
- Christians Against Poverty - Free local services, run through local churches, to help tackle poverty
Universal credit and benefits
Universal Credit is a new benefit which supports people who are out of work or on a low income. It replaces a number of benefits including Housing Benefit. If your payment includes help towards your rent, you will be responsible for making sure this money is paid to us.
Universal credit video
Universal Credit has been rolled out to all areas. See the video below which explains all you need to know.
With Universal Credit replacing six other benefits, it’s important you are aware of your entitlement and how to make a claim.
Click the link below to register for a free online course which will show you how to make your claim online and what information you will need to do this.
You may qualify for help towards paying your rent through Housing Benefit which is paid by your local council. Please contact them to establish if you are eligible to make a claim. It is available to help people in low-paid employment and people not in work. You will be responsible for providing all the information that your local council asks for in assessing your Housing Benefit claim, and it is very important that you claim as soon as you can. Any entitlement will start from the day you submit your claim. You are also responsible for telling the council when your circumstances change.
Remember - even if you receive Housing Benefit, you're still responsible for ensuring that you pay your rent.
Bedroom tax, also known as removal of the spare room subsidy or under occupancy charge, is a change to the Housing Benefit, or Housing Element of Universal Credit entitlement that states your payment for housing will be reduced if you are deemed to have a spare bedroom/s. You will be affected if you are of working age, between 16 and 64 years of age.
Having one spare room means the amount of Housing Benefit or the housing element of Universal Credit you are entitled to, will be reduced by 14%.
Having two or more spare rooms means the amount of Housing Benefit or the housing element of Universal Credit you are entitled to, will be reduced by 25%.
There is a limit on the total amount of benefit that most people aged 16 to 64 can get. This is called the benefit cap.
If you are affected, your Housing Benefit payment will go down, so that the total amount of benefits you receive will not be more than the cap level. If you are already receiving Universal Credit, the reduction will be taken from the housing element (no reduction will be made to the childcare element).
If you are a pensioner, you will not be affected. You can use the benefit cap calculator to estimate how much you might lose.


text:
SLAVEN BILIC is limping towards the end of the season, like West Ham, because he needs a hip replacement.
The Hammers boss is working flat out for points despite being in constant pain with his worn-out joint, which will be replaced this summer.
Bilic is going in for surgery after the Premier League campaign ends on May 21 and could be laid up for five weeks.
Keep up to date with ALL the West Ham news, gossip, transfers and goals on our club page plus fixtures, results and live match commentary
That would make it touch and go for him to be mobile enough to start pre-season training with the team in early July.
The Croatian, 48, had one hip replaced five years ago but the effects of his playing career with West Ham and Everton among others have finally taken its toll.
West Ham fans are often puzzled as to why their popular manager can be seen almost bent double on the touchline during games.
It is partly for a more grass roots-level view of the action but also to minimise the discomfort of his sore hip.
MOST READ IN SPORT
X-RATED SHOCKERPaige sex tape bombshell as fans express outrage at 'sex act over WWE championship belt'
ROYAL FUMBLEBritish WWE star Paige confirms X-rated leak after videos were hacked from her phone and posted online
mark of respectFA plan tribute to security services and victims against Lithuania on Sunday after terror attack
FORGETTING SOMETHING?Tennis legend Roger Federer hits bum note as he signs autograph for fan... who looks like she's forgotten her underwear
Team newsJake Livemore and Michael Keane start for England in Germany as Gareth Southgate experiments with 3-4-3
BIG HARTJoe Hart shows incredible sportsmanship as he fist bumps Lukas Podolski after German scores screamer
BAK TO THE FUTUREChelsea 'have agreed a contract' with Monaco rising star Tiemoue Bakayoko, says Guillem Balague
new lookJake Livermore starts and Michael Keane makes debut as England boss Gareth Southgate tries out 3-4-3 experiment
Desperate DanInstagram King Dan Bilzerian reveals he wants an MMA fight... but must do it 'f***ing soon'
Bilic will be getting a good view of rejuvenated Leicester at the London Stadium this afternoon. And he has ordered ALL his players to stop Jamie Vardy.
The England hitman has come alive again under new chief Craig Shakespeare.
Bilic declared: “We have to stop Vardy! You have to be on your toes, you have to read his run before he makes it.
“And it is teamwork, it is not only the job of central defenders. It is mostly their job but they need cover.
“Also, it’s about not letting the people who are giving service to him have time on the ball.”
Bilic watched Vardy torment Sevilla in the Champions League last-16 clash on Tuesday with his direct running and aggression.
His spiky attitude also helped to get Samir Nasri sent off as the Foxes won 3-2 on aggregate and became the only British club to make the quarter-finals of Europe’s top competition.
And Bilic said: “It was Vardy from last year — like a copy and paste performance.
“It was not only him, but the strikers set the tempo with pressing and timing.”


text:
Helloworld Limited (ASX:HLO) has announced it has successfully completed the acquisition of a 50 percent stake in MTA.
The acquisition was funded by a capital raising that was launched in late October.
MTA has over 350 mobile travel agents across Australia and adds a fifth network to Helloworld’s agency footprint in Australia.
The acquisition in MTA is part of a continued expansion by the business into the fast-growing home based travel consultancy market.
Helloworld Limited reported a net profit of $1.7 million at 30 June 2016.

domain: geography


text:
Gents jewellery is really trendy right now... They too have the right to look good after all! This silver medallion is a timeless item in a gents wardrobe. Fathers will be so proud to wear a drawing by their youngest... Even the hardest dads cannot resist and will adore a drawing made by their children, their hand or footprints or a word written with their tiny hands. For a Father's Day, a Christmas or simply for the pleasure of giving, a dad will simply adore this medallion personalised by his child.
Surprise your man and give him a pendant personalised by your child!
- Round medallion
- Silver 925/1000 rhodium plated with hallmark
- Rhodium layer = 0,3 microns
- Dimensions 20x32mm
- Medallion weight: 4.72g
- Diamond engraving
- Can be personalised front and back
- Silver link chain or cord optional
- Free gift box
All our jewellery is made of rhodium-plated silver. Rhodium is a precious metal of the platinum family. Combined with silver, it brings more brilliance and a better resistance to oxidation.
How does it work?
The HappyBulle team retraces your child's drawing, to keep just the outline. This line is then etched with a diamond point for a permanent rendering over time.

domain: design


text:
The latest news and views about music in Milwaukee and beyond
Piet Levy covers music for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and TapMilwaukee.com. For more music updates, you can also follow him on Facebook and Instagram.
Read and share your thoughts on this story.
Piet Levy is the Journal Sentinel's music writer. He has also been published in USA Today, the Chicago Tribune and the Washington Post.
Erik Ernst is a freelance music writer for the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. He blogs for Tuned In about country, folk, jam and American roots music.
The latest on art, architecture and design from Mary Louise Schumacher.
Those Hip-Hop Guys
Feb. 10, 2016 3:04 p.m. |
Those Hip Hop Guys Radio | Feb 2nd: All Dilla for Dilla Week
Feb. 10, 2016 2:13 p.m. |
Ardent-Red Light Ramen chef considers a new restaurant on Farwell
Feb. 10, 2016 8:00 a.m. |
Reading John Updike: 'Selected Poems' Part 11: 'Not Cancelled Yet'
What to Do in Milwaukee
Feb. 10, 2016 5:35 a.m. |
On Tap Today: Black Panthers to 'Bettyville'
Feb. 5, 2016 |
Top of the Charts: Justin Bieber tops himself at No. 1

domain: artistic


text:
Valerie Boyd dismisses “The Help” as “a feel-good movie for a cowardly nation,” which portrays its most openly racist character as a “cartoonish” “walking stereotype” whom viewers will find it all too easy “to distance themselves from.” By the same token, Anne Helen Petersen — while finding some redeeming qualities in the film — has criticized the novel it’s based on for presenting a fairy-tale heroine who’s unbelievably “altruistic and likable,” as though racism were “something that you just decide you’re not going to acquire, even though all of your friends, family, and townspeople espouse it,” or “something that goes away just because you love your maid.” (More critiques of the film are rounded up here.)
Not every thoughtful viewer who’s seen the film has reacted so negatively. Via Twitter, I came across this blog post from Detroit writer Desiree Cooper, who found the film more nuanced than Boyd suggests, and writes:
What I think rubs us the wrong way is the depiction of the genuine feelings that the maids and nannies developed for the women they worked for and the children they raised. It seems anathema to the concept of involuntary servitude and caste structures. But I ask you: Doesn’t it further degrade the experience of the black maids to deny that they were able to love the very people who oppressed them? …
This is dangerous territory for African Americans to concede. If we allow that whites and blacks forged friendships, affections and even fell in love with each other in the midst of slavery and segregation, can we still villainize whites as our oppressors?
What all of these responses are calling for, even if one finds it in “The Help” (at least in some measure) and the others don’t, is an acknowledgment of humanness all around — a grappling with the hard reality that no system of humans oppressing other humans ever lines up with all the “good people” on one side of it and all the “bad people” on the other, that there are no monsters or saints among us but just the ordinary run of messed-up people, “suspended in webs of significance that [we ourselves] have spun.”
These are important points to make. Fiction is always most compelling when it blurs the stark contrasts of the morality play. Also, as a descendant of white Southerners I’ve never understood why we’re supposed to find it more comforting to believe (as simplified morality-play stories of Jim Crow logically imply) that white Southerners were disproportionately mean and stupid for generations than to confront how culture/law/society can make bigots out of even the likable, funny, thoughtful people among us.
But I suppose, putting on my historian’s hat, that I have a different problem with stories like “The Help.” A lot of latter-day Jim Crow storytelling, it seems to me, goes out of its way to invent implausible white characters — such as “The Help”‘s plucky young writer who uses black maids’ voices to launch a literary career — in a way that suggests not so much an unwillingness to confront the real history as an unawareness of it. If you want to write a feel-good story about white housewives awakening to the injustices of Jim Crow and organizing against it, you don’t need to contrive one, because there were actually such housewives. If the actual history of black men and women’s organizing is often absent from stories like “The Help,” so too is the actual history of white men and women’s organizing. This organizing was often more self-interested than principled, at least in its beginning stages; it certainly didn’t represent the majority opinion of white Southerners in many places; and it surely can’t compare, and needn’t try to compare, with the steely courage of the Southern black men, women, and children who marched and boycotted and voted even though it might get them killed or tortured. But the activism of white moderates and liberals against the reactionary politics of massive resistance is a story worth telling in its own right.
Consider, for instance, Muriel Lokey, the Atlanta housewife shocked into action when Georgia segregationists threatened to shut down all of the state’s public schools rather than comply with Brown v. Board. In 1958, Lokey was among the founders of Help Our Public Education, an organization of Atlanta parents which was instrumental in shifting public opinion in Georgia away from massive resistance and keeping the city schools open in August 1961, when the school board implemented a carefully choreographed token integration plan. Its work done, the group disbanded shortly thereafter. Later, Lokey went on to become more radical in her activism. She became involved with Father Austin Ford’s Emmaus House, an Episcopal ministry founded in 1967 and offering a wide range of social justice services — after-school programs, help with welfare rights and labor organizing, bus trips to the Reidsville prison for families of prisoners — and directed its Poverty Rights Office, which published from 1970 to 1993 a newsletter for the poor people of Atlanta (you can read copies here, or learn about Emmaus House’s ongoing work here). In 2008, Emmaus House renamed the office the Muriel Lokey Center in her honor.
In 1958, though, it was simply concern for children like hers, whom scorched-earth segregationists were willing to sacrifice, that propelled Lokey into action. In an oral history interview, she later recalled HOPE’s origins in her more mundane political task of organizing carpool groups at her children’s elementary school:
Well, I never liked [segregation], you know. But … nobody was doing anything about it. I remember the family servant, Will, he was called the butler, lived in a little house in back of my parents-in-law and Will told me one time, that — I don’t how he happened to feel free to communicate with me — but it made him unhappy that he couldn’t go to Piedmont Park. But you know, there wasn’t anything that I could do about it, you know. I only got involved when the school crisis — the school crisis came to a head in 1958, and I had a front-row seat in watching the dramatic change. For awhile I climbed on the stage and played a role in the drama. I knew most of the actors by their first names, this was because my husband and I had shared an interest in public affairs … and the massive resistance laws said that all the schools in the state would be closed, rather than desegregate. And the idea of closed schools was not a good one, and people began to talk about it. Before that we really hadn’t talked much about it, even though the decision came down in 1954. … I knew a lot about it because my husband had been in the Legislature, and so that fall in 1958 I was busy arranging driving groups with other mothers, and when I was doing that I would talk to them and I would say by the way did you know that there’s this — the schools might be closed. … And some of us were talking about it and we wanted to do something about it. And two of the mothers that I talked to expressed a lot of interest … and we talked with some others and got small groups together.
Now, admittedly, the real story of HOPE would be challenging fodder for a Hollywood film. For tactical reasons, the group decided to limit its membership to whites only, as historian Paul Mertz explains in his article on the organization. Some members found this policy difficult to support, and one, Harry Boyte, ultimately resigned over it. As I’ve written about before, the troubled history of desegregation in Atlanta does not, overall, admit of much celebration. But if nothing else, HOPE’s story belies cartoonish stereotypes of Southern women doing nothing but sitting around and drinking lemonade — or, alternatively, being spunky ingenues who decamp for New York. Key to understanding HOPE is that the women involved already had experience with political organizing. Lokey’s husband had been a state legislator, and she had long taken an interest in public affairs. The group hired “a professional Girl Scout executive” as its executive director, and also benefited from the membership of Frances Pauley, “an experienced activist” who, as state president of the League of Women Voters, had worked to open that organization to black women.
Frances Pauley, born in 1905, grew up in the segregated South and devoted her life to the battle against discrimination and prejudice in the region. Her activist career spans five decades, from the 1930s to the late 1980s. Frances first took up the cause of social justice in the era of the Great Depression and New Deal; she helped establish public health clinics for the indigent in DeKalb County, Georgia, immediately adjacent to Atlanta, and brought a hot lunch program to the county schools. After World War II, she joined the Georgia League of Women Voters and for the next fifteen years used the league to support racial desegregation and the broader issues of democratic citizenship raised by the civil rights movement. Then, caught up in what she calls the “new movement” of the 1960s, Frances, as executive director of the Georgia Council on Human Relations, encouraged interracial organizing, advocated enforcement of constitutional rights for African Americans, and, more generally, championed improvement in the well-being of Georgia’s blacks. From 1968 to 1973, school desegregation consumed most of her time and energy. As a civil rights specialist for the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), Frances deployed federal authority to move recalcitrant school districts in the South into compliance with school desegregation regulations. She retired from the federal government in 1973 and turned her attention more exclusively to poverty. In 1975, at the age of sixty-nine, she founded the Georgia Poverty Rights Organization (GPRO) and coordinated its efforts with and on behalf of the poor for over a decade. Even after her “retirement” in the late 1980s, Frances continued to work, if less energetically, on poverty, homelessness, and gay rights.
What can we learn, then, from the lives of these women and the others like them throughout the South? (At the height of massive resistance, there were organizations similar to HOPE in several states.) We can learn that organizing is hard; that it requires experience and shrewd leveraging of pre-existing social and political networks; that making headway against a system of oppression requires more than simply an instinct that the system is wrong, though that always has to be the starting place. That the politics of the carpool line can sometimes flourish into a more thoroughgoing activism over a number of years — that people don’t become heroes overnight. That people, and the systems of oppression they build, are complicated — and resistance, too, is complicated. That in any culture there are probably those who find the dominant hierarchy troubling, if you want to go looking for them — but they may disappoint you if you’re looking for a heroine that a perky young starlet can plausibly play.
As Anne Helen Petersen concludes in her post on “The Help,” “even bad films can start good conversations.” I think the story of HOPE, paired with “The Help,” could be excellent fodder for high school and college classes, book groups, discussion boards. Was HOPE’s decision to remain all-white justifiable? How far can or should we expect individuals to transcend the dominant culture of their time and place? How did Southern women both perpetuate and challenge segregation through the intimate encounters of the household? Why are women like Frances Pauley so often left out of mainstream histories of the Jim Crow South, even though one might think their stories are appealing and heroic?


text: In the morning pick-up at hotel and then set off to Leshan. We will have a Chinese lunch at local restaurant, Leshan is famous for its bean curd, and then we will head for the Giant Buhha. We will visit Linyun temple firstly, which is to commemerate monk Haitong, who collected donation 1000 years ago underthrough extremely difficulties and started the construction of this huge works. And then we will walk down the zig-zaging trail along the trail in the left side of Buddha. The Buddha is a small mountain, from it is head to shoulder, and from leg to foot, about 30 minutes hiking. And then we need to hike up from its right side again. It is also a good place to view Leshan city cross the joint of Minjiang River, Dadu River and Qingyi River. In the late afternoon we will drive back to Chengdu and then drop off you at your hotel. Inclusions: Group Size Tour Price (US$/PP) 1 Person $280 2-3 Person $150 4-5 Person $110 6-9 Person $85 1. Entrance ticket. The entrance ticket of Giant Buddha Statue, which included Linyun temple and the Giant Buddha. 2. Guide. An English speaking guide will be provided, who will accompany you from the start of tour to end of tour. 3. Private Transfers during tour. Our guide and driver will pick-up you at your hotel on time and drop-off you after the tours. And an air-conditioned vehicle will be provided during the tour. 4. Meal. A lunch will be arranged accordingly at local restaurant. 5. Service Charge & Government Taxes.

domain: travel


text:
The charm of the women from Eastern Europe has really had an effect on guys from all over the world, so it is no wonder that after meeting an Ukrainian woman you are curious about what it would be like dating her. Although it would be best to meet these women face to face, it might be challenging if you don’t visit Europe often or live close to a European community. Consequently, your ability to date Ukrainian ladies will depend on how active you are on the online dating scene. Luckily, there are numerous Ukraine date sites available that will help you connect with the woman of your dreams.
Much like going out with a woman from any nationality, there are a couple of things that are good to know when communicating with ladies on Ukraine date sites. First off, you must know some general characteristics about the ladies that you desire to go out with the most. European girls are known for being strong and independent. Even though they have traditional values, they still have a mind of their own and they are not afraid to be ambitious and work hard to achieve their goals. The men in their lives are aware of that and they do not feel threatened because of it. They know their woman can raise kids and have a successful job at the same time. If you value independence and want to date women who are not too demanding, Ukraine women will be the prefect choice for you.
Of course, women like receiving flowers and gifts, but because these ladies are financially independent, they won’t expect you to buy them things. Naturally, your Ukraine date will love it if you send her a box of chocolates or buy her beautiful earrings, but she will never ask for any of it. Not all women on the dating sites are after your money, most of them are looking for love and romance, a companion to spend the rest of their life with, so don’t be overly concerned with the stories of frauds or mail order brides. Just trust your instincts.
Besides being independent, the Ukraine women are quite liberal when it comes to marriage. They won’t be afraid to try and live together before marriage, because they want to see if you make a suitable couple first. If you’ve only been messaging and chatting on Ukraine date sites, it’s good to get to know one another first before tying the knot. Then again, if you feel like you’ve known each other forever and are determined to get married soon, this will be fine with her too.
Be ready to have an active lifestyle as Ukraine women love outdoor activities and sports. Hiking, swimming, running and cycling are just some of the things that can bring you closer. International dating does have its perks as it lets you explore different lifestyles and women who can actually make your life better.


text:
Absolutely love this game I remember getting this on my first ever mobile it is such an addictive game love it so much would tell all my friends and family to get this app
I really like this game. It works great. But I just can never make it perfect
Good I remembered this game since i got my first ipod touch and now i found it for my android tablet and phone ^^Keep making good games
Not great When I try to open it it freezes
Amazing The game is so addicting and Graphics are the best
This Game is so fun! And also after the sand falls together it looks so pretty.
Fixed infinite advert bugs.
block puzzle, is a free block puzzle game, you can't miss block puzzle game

domain: game


text:
I have medical insurance for my family. Recently I utilized the cashless hospitalization for my family member.
During discharge from the hospital, the hospital billing section asked me to pay certain amount towards "Non-Medical expenses".
When I checked the Bill contents of non-medical expenses, they were all containing the medical related components say Sterile Gloves, Syringes, Bandages, ECG electrodes and such items...
The hospital had procured these items, from their internal pharmacy, which are mandatorily needed for the treatment of a patient when in Surgery theatre or in ICU.
When these were actvely used for the medical purposes, how can the Billing section say that these are the non-medical expenses and the insured party has to pay it?
Please help to understand this clause.

domain: finance


text:
If you’re a homeowner with a high mortgage and a staggeringly expensive energy bill, it’s not uncommon to want to seek out ways to save on cooling and heating through the year. For a lot of families, replacing windows or buying brand new windows is the obvious way to cut bills in half over the course of the year. However, a standard window repair job can end up being pretty expensive upfront, especially if you go with a high-quality company like renewal by andersen. If you’re trying to cut costs and want to get the skinny on window repair, here are a few things you can count on after the job is done.
Your Yearly Costs Will Go Down
No matter how much you decide to splurge on an all-out window repair job, one thing is certain: Your energy bill will go down. The question is, how much? While Energy Star put out a 2009 estimate that homeowners switching to energy-efficient windows can save somewhere around $27 a year, this seems like a cautious figure. In general, the more efficient your model is, the more money you’re likely to save. The same survey showed that double-paned windows with low E-coating and high R-value boosted yearly savings to about $111. If you’re diligent about weatherproofing and work to keep your newly repaired windows in great shape, there’s no reason you shouldn’t see your savings rise. However, if you’re repairing home windows that are single-paned or otherwise energy inefficient, there may only be so much that can be done to help your case. Your windows will certainly perform at a higher level, but you’ll need to insert another panel in for insulation in order to get the most bang for your buck.
You Can Apply for Tax Credit
One quite important but little-known fact about window repair is that you can actually apply for federal aid when tax time rolls around for newly replaced or repaired windows. You don’t even need to have every window in your home treated to be eligible. Because the cost of full replacement tends to be a big investment for the average homeowner, the government is willing to step in in the interest of lowering the country’s overall carbon footprint. The general rule is that you’ll be reimbursed for 10% of the final cost of repair, up to $200. Even if this doesn’t seem like much of a break, combine it with your savings on your energy bill and you’re looking at over $300 in savings. That can be enough to knock out the cost of one or two windows, depending on your contractor. Your newly-repaired windows will help you keep a more balanced, controlled home environment, which will add to more financial benefits. Once you start having to use your central heating and cooling systems less, the savings will add up even more.
Double Paned Windows Will Save You the Most Money
As we’ve said before, single-pane or single-paneled windows are largely a thing of the past, and with good reason: They have little to no insulation value, and the current models are so old they’re well past the usual 20-year window lifespan mark. Double-paned windows come with a special insulated core that works hard to keep your windows blocking out leaks and cold air. If you’re someone who doesn’t like to turn on the heating or the AC unless it’s absolutely necessary, choosing to switch to double-paned windows will help you create a much more easily temperature-controlled environment in your home without having to subject your family members to uncomfortable cold or heat. If you’re really looking to get the most out of your repair job, ask about triple-paned windows for an extra layer of protection and insulation.
You’ll Still Need to Weatherproof
It doesn’t matter how great your repair job was or how new and sparkly your new windows look. While they’ll now have a far better ability to protect your home during a storm or a heat wave, you’ll still need to do your due diligence by weatherproofing and weatherstripping each window before the harsh weather hits. Think of your windows as a long-term investment. The better you take care of them the better they’ll protect you, keeping your home safe from wear and tear and hiking up your home’s resale value at the same time. When it comes to figuring out the best way to caulk, weather-strip, and further insulate your newly-repaired windows, ask your contractors for a few tips.


text:
Deena Cortese is officially a mom of two.
The Jersey Shore star welcomed her second baby, a son named Cameron Theo Buckner, with husband Christopher Buckner on Saturday, May 1. The couple are also parents to their 2-year-old son Christopher "CJ" Buckner.
"The Buckners are now officially a party of 4," the reality TV personality shared on Instagram on Sunday, May 2. "Cameron Theo Buckner was born May 1st at 7:21 pm weighing 7 pound 3 ounces and 20 inches long.
"He is such a little angel baby," she continued. "mommy is feeling well and we are all so beyond happy and we're bursting out with so much love .. our hearts are full! We can't wait until he meets his big brother tomorrow!!"
It was just last month that Deena took to Instagram to share a photo of herself cradling her baby bump, along with a caption reflecting on her pregnancy journey.
"As I'm approaching my due date in 2 days .. I have to say this pregnancy really was amazing.. and even though I feel like this last month is dragging ( mostly because I'm in pain and uncomfortable) it truly flew by," she wrote on April 29. "Definitely having a whirlwind of emotions .. happiness ..excitement .. so much love .. but also feeling a little mom guilt because my first baby is no longer gonna be the only one .. but I know CJ and Cameron are going to be the best of friends and CJ is going to be the best big brother ever to 'baby Camin.'"
She added, "We can't wait until Cameron decides to make his debut bc we are all so ready to have him here already !!!! LOL I guess my uterus is super cozy lol my boys seem to like to hangout in there until the very end."
Deena announced that she was pregnant with her little one last October with a Halloween-themed Instagram pic of her family. In the photo, Deena's shirt read, "I smell a child," while Christopher's shirt joked, "Can't scare me, my wife is pregnant."
Deena's due date was also printed on a pumpkin.
"20 weeks today," Deena wrote in the caption. "20 weeks on left with Cameron Theo Buckner...20 weeks on right with Christopher John Buckner."
Now that Cameron is officially here, there will be many more milestones to come.

domain: celebrity