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Woodlab, LLC leased 2,880 square feet of industrial space in the Eagle Industrial Center, located at 1786 E. State Street in Eagle.
J Oates Portraits, LLC leased 2,111 square feet of retail space in the Jewel Building, located at 7447 Emerald Street in Boise.
Hughes Fire Equipment, Inc. leased 8,900 square feet of industrial space at 1524 Freedom Avenue in Caldwell.
SirJag Productions, LLC purchased a 2,400 square foot office condominium in Fairview Plaza West, located at 10200 W. Fairview Avenue in Boise.
The City Of Boise renewed their 3,500 square feet of industrial space in the Kendall Center, located at 5377 Kendall Street in Boise.
The Donut+Dog leased 1,859 square feet of retail space in The Village at Meridian, located at 1900 N. Eagle Road in Meridian.
Advantage Vocational Services leased 1,560 square feet of office space in Red Stones Springs, located at 660 E. Franklin Rd. in Meridian.
Transmark Logistics, Inc. renewed their 6,083 square feet of industrial space in Victory Building I, located at 2962 S. Victory View Way in Boise.


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The Pop Box Perfect for painters that love surprises, trying something new every month, would like to grow their kit or as a present for a painter! The pop box is a prepaid 6 monthly subscription valued at £25.00 RRP...
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domain: hobby


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All India Congress Committee (AICC) general secretary Bhanwar Jitendra Singh said that the next Assam Chief Minister will be from the Congress party.
Singh was addressing the media in Silchar on Tuesday after former AICC president Rahul Gandhi’s Silchar visit had to be cancelled owing to bad weather.
“Our vision is clear, we are reaching out to the people with our 5 guarantees and the next Chief Minister of the state will be from the Congress party and certainly a son of the soil,” Singh said.
Quoting AIUDF chief Badaruddin Ajmal he said, “Respected Mr Ajmal too had agreed to support us on whoever will be the next Chief Minister from the Congress party.”
It may be mentioned here that Rahul Gandhi was scheduled to reach Silchar and interact with women during the last few hours of the campaign trail for the second phase of Assembly elections.
However, bad weather and spells of rain did not allow his aircraft to land at the airport and it had to be diverted to Guwahati.

domain: news


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Aquascutum Jed Large CC Long Sleeve T-Shirt Brown
A bold new style from Aquascutum has landed in Xile as part of the heritage brands Autumn Winter '18 collection. Perfect for making a statement this season the Jed T-Shirt is constructed from 100% soft cotton with an all over large club check design. With a block coloured crewneck the style is completed with an Aquascutum tab to the side panel for a timeless style.
- 100% Cotton
- Long Sleeved
- All Over Club Check design
- Block Crewneck
- Aquascutum branded tab to side seam
- Autumn Winter '18
Delivery / Returns
All our UK deliveries are sent via Parcelforce and take 1-3 working days to arrive if sent at the standard rate
We are happy to offer an exchange or refund on unworn items with no sign of use, wear or damage in their original condition and packaging, with the returns form fully filled in.

domain: design


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The United Kingdom has placed Nigeria on the red list of countries that should not be actively targeted for recruitment by health and social care employers.
This is coming one month after the World Health Organisation listed 55 countries, including Nigeria facing the most pressing health workforce challenges related to Universal Health Coverage.
The code of practice for the international recruitment of health and social care personnel in England, recently updated, has Nigeria returned to the red list countries, which means, “no active recruitment is permitted”.
By the updated WHO’s workforce safeguard list, and now adopted by the UK government, Nigeria and the likes of Benin, Cameroun, Ghana, Senegal, Zimbabwe, and 47 others – mostly African countries – are now in the no recruitment list.
According to the UK Home Office, “If a government-to-government agreement is put in place between the UK and a partner country, it will restrict UK employers, contracting bodies, recruitment organisations, agencies and collaborations to the terms of the agreement. The country will be added to the amber list and recruitment can happen only on the terms of the agreement.
“Changes to the red and amber country list may be made on an ad hoc basis as government-to-government agreements are signed. All agreements will take WHO guidance on the development of bilateral agreements into account.
“It is recommended that employers, recruitment organisations, agencies, collaborations and contracting bodies check the red and amber country list for updates before any recruitment drive.”
However, the President, World Medical Association (WMA) and former President, Nigerian Medical Association (NMA), Dr Osahon Enabulele, yesterday, joined the list of medical professionals kicking against the Bill to mandate any Nigeria-trained medical or dental practitioner to practice in Nigeria for a minimum of five years before being granted full registration/license by the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN).
A bill seeking to mandate Nigerian-trained medical and dental practitioners to practice for a minimum of five years in the country, before being granted a full licence, on Thursday, last week, passed second reading at the House of Representatives.
Sponsored by Ganiyu Johnson, an All Progressives Congress (APC) lawmaker from Lagos, the bill seeks to amend the Medical and Dental Practitioners Act 2004, to address the brain drain in the Nigerian health sector. If passed into law, medical and dental practitioners trained in the country will have to practice for at least five years before they are granted a full licence.
Indeed, there has been concern in recent times over the relocation of many healthcare workers in Nigeria to foreign countries — a development that has retrograded the state of the country’s health sector.
In August 2022, the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) said a total collapse of the health sector was imminent, if urgent steps were not taken to address the brain drain in the sector.
The association called for an emergency solution to the issue in the health sector, adding that with the trend of medical doctors leaving the country, there might be a need to hire doctors from foreign countries in the future. Enabulele told The Guardian yesterday: “As one who has engaged the issues of Nigeria’s health system, including the crisis of brain drain, for over two decades, I must state with the greatest respect to the sponsors of the Bill, that I really consider their proposition as not only outlandish, but totally retrogressive, unresearched, and very ill-formed.
“I am told that the sponsor of the Bill claimed that there are about 10,000 doctors practicing in Nigeria. This alone clearly shows the unresearched nature of the proposal. From the information available to me, as at December 30, 2022, there were 104, 327 medical and dental practitioners on the register of the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria, with the number of practicing doctors put at 56, 829. So, where did he get the figure of 10, 000 from?”


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Spese di spedizione gratuite da 25€ - Per i soci Coop o possessori di tessera fedeltà Librerie.coop gratuite a partire da 19€
My life changed three days before my wedding. That's when I walked in on Sam, my fiance, and Angie, my maid of honor (and cousin!) defiling my couch. Now I've been cheated on and dumped, but there's a silver lining in all of this. I get to keep Sam's younger brother as my best friend...and maybe something more.
Until You is a contemporary romance/ chick lit short story: 6,500 words. A spicier version of this title was published under the pen name Elizabeth Carlos.

domain: artistic


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Wang Theatre | Boston, Massachusetts
It is finally here, the event the whole country has been eagerly waiting: Nick Jr. Live! Move to the Music is coming to Boston on Sunday 15th March 2020! Do you wonder what the buzz is all about? Nick Jr. Live! Move to the Music’s stage presence combined with their never-ending energy ensures the fans will get an experience of a lifetime. Outstanding performance with immense amount of character and emotion, Nick Jr. Live! Move to the Music is truly like no other. No wonder tickets are selling fast, Massachusetts knows not to miss such an opportunity – to experience the one and only Nick Jr. Live! Move to the Music in the most gorgeous of venues – Wang Theatre. Mark the date and arm yourself with lots of positive vibes because you are one click away from witnessing something extraordinary!
How long have you been waiting for the amazing event that is Nick Jr. Live! Move to the Music to come to the city of Boston? WELL THE TIME HAS FINALLY COME. Yes, that’s right, Nick Jr. Live! Move to the Music are finally bringing their thrilling show to Massachusetts for a night of awe-inspiring entertainment which should not be missed. Bring everyone you can to a show which will be the talk of the city for months to come. This awesome event will be taking place at the iconic Wang Theatre on Sunday 15th March 2020. The secure parking and finest dining options make it a no-brainer. But seats will sell-out fast, so be safe and make sure you get yours today to avoid disappointment!


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. Something you want to snuggle up in a warm house and read on a cold day. Perfect for fans of Jane Linfoot, Debbie Johnson and Jenny Colgan. What readers are saying about A Very Vintage Christmas:‘This is a truly wonderful story!! . The fairy lights are up and shoppers are flooding the snowy seaside promenade.
A Very Vintage Christmas: A heartwarming Christmas romance An Unforgettable Christmas Book 1 #ad - I highly recommend this story if you're looking for a nice cosy read this winter!’ Caoimhas Books and Lit, 5 stars‘The storyline had me smiling throughout. But who will be there for her when her own love story needs a helping hand? is it too much to dream of a happy ending like the ones in the black and white movies she adores? If you’re looking for a sweep-you-off-your-feet romance that will warm you through and through then the door to Forget-Me-Not Vintage is always open.
I could imagine a warm fire and hot chocolate. Grab yourself a nice warm drink and curl up ready to feel all warm and cosy inside - no hesitation in giving this a massive five shiny stars!!’ Donnas Book Blog, 5 stars‘What a fabulous book! I'm a huge fan of the Tilly Tennant books, she's quickly becoming my favourite cosy writer!
A Cosy Candlelit Christmas: A wonderfully festive feel good romance An Unforgettable Christmas Book 2Bookouture #ad - It's a wonderful christmas story with a beautiful setting that will captive your imagination just like it did mine. But will she learn how to reconnect, not only with a whole new family, but with herself and her heart?A gorgeously heart-warming festive read to help spark a little romance in those long winter nights.
You won't regret it. Jen med’s book reviews, 5 stars‘a christmas cracker… i recommend you read it with a warm drink and a slice of cake or some chocolate!! - 5 stars from me!!!’ Donna’s Book Blog, 5 stars. A beautiful novel!’ the Cosiest Corner, 5 stars‘This is a wonderful festive read. A truly amazing 5 stars!’ goodreads Reviewer, 5 stars‘This book is beyond awesome, loved every page.
Goodreads reviewer, 5 stars‘This is 100% my favourite of Tilly Tennant's novels so far. Full of new beginnings, new friends, second chances, new love and forgiveness. All singleton isla wants for christmas is to be left in peace, but a surprise trip to the Alps means there’s a chance for romance in every snowflake that falls…It’s the week before Christmas and Isla McCoy has just received an unexpected gift: a letter announcing she is due a life-changing inheritance, but only if she’s willing to make amends with the father who abandoned her.
A Cosy Candlelit Christmas: A wonderfully festive feel good romance An Unforgettable Christmas Book 2 #ad - Perfect for fans of Jane Linfoot, Debbie Johnson and Jenny Colgan. What readers are saying about a cosy candlelit christmas:‘ooooooooohhhhhhh I LOVEEEEEEED IT!… Spell-binding, beautifully written and 100% memorable - Tilly Tennant has blown me away. The writing garnet, sweet book that i adored! … despite the freezing cold temperatures outside, although perhaps in front of a fire with a warm cup of cocoa would be ideal!’ Rachel’s Random Reads, beautiful setting… you could not ask for anymore! Five Stars!’ Stardust Book Reviews, Tilly Tennant's writing will leave you feeling warm inside… It could easily be read at any time, and I’m keeping everything crossed for a third book! Fantastic characters, 5 stars‘This is my favourite Christmas book of the season so far, great story, 5 stars‘Cosy, 5 stars‘Well this was an absolute gem!.
The Garden on Sparrow Street: A heartwarming, uplifting Christmas romanceBookouture #ad - December is always a difficult month to face without her beloved husband Gray, and to cap it all, the days feel long and bleak, she’s just lost her job. Easy read, good storyline, couldn’t put it down. Goodreads reviewer, ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐. Keep them coming. Netgalley reviewer, ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐‘Another brilliant book from Tilly Tennant.
As the cold winter nights draw in, escape to the sleepy town of wrenwick, where the streets sparkle with snow and a lonely young widow is about to find that true love really can strike twice… As Christmas cheer fills Sparrow Street with excitement, grieving widow Nina is having a hard time. A lovely storyline and super characters.
The Garden on Sparrow Street: A heartwarming, uplifting Christmas romance #ad - Read it too quickly. They are always like a big warm hug in book form. So when nina hears that sparrow street’s Community Garden, one of Gray’s favourite places, is to be put up for sale she knows she must do something. And as the community comes together and the garden flourishes, Nina can’t help but be drawn to Irish gardener Colm with his sparkling blue eyes and kind heart, finding herself confiding in him about all her recent troubles.
But just as colm and nina grow closer and he opens up to her about his own secret loss, Colm’s estranged wife returns from Scotland, wanting to try again. Captured the characters amazingly well as if I was part of the story. Great characters and a great plot line.
The Christmas Wish: A heartwarming Christmas romanceBookouture #ad - I've loved it! . A heart-warming festive story set in a stunning location. But when esme is bombarded by messages from warren promising he’s changed and she discovers that Zach is hiding something-will her head be turned? And when a trip to the northern lights reveals the full extent Zach’s own secret past is there any hope that Esme will get the happy ending that her grandmother wished for her?Readers are falling in love with The Christmas Wish:‘Put a smile on my face!
. I only meant to read a chapter or two but have ended up finishing it in one sitting!’ Goodreads reviewer, 5 stars‘Beautifully written. I have no words to describe the emotions it invoked. The karibbean kollective, learning to love yourself, 5 stars‘A once in a life-time trip of discovery, finding yourself and taking back your life.
The Christmas Wish: A heartwarming Christmas romance #ad - A brilliant heart-warming ending too… Beautiful. Between the pages book blog‘i loved this book from the first page, romance, it was so enchanting… had you hooked… full of heartbreak, finding out what you really want from life. The most heart-warming of stories… loving every single page… drawing you in and not letting you go until the end of the very last page… totally captivated!’ Chat About Books, 5 stars‘I absolutely loved this story.
Christmas at the Little Village Bakery: A feel good festive romance to curl up by the fire with Honeybourne Book 2Bookouture #ad - Krafti reader'Observant, humorous, insightful, and heart squeezing. Although she does seem to be rather flirty with Millie’s boyfriend Dylan. Will darcie ever find true love of her own? and is marrying Tori a terrible mistake for Spencer if his heart is with someone else? A heartwarming Christmassy romantic comedy, perfect for fans of Carole Matthews and Milly Johnson.
What everyone is saying about christmas at the little village bakery: ‘bloody brilliant … i loved being back with the characters … Oh I just enjoyed everything about it! 5 stars!' I Love Reading'Christmas at the Little Village Bakery is a warm hug, that would be perfect to read curled up by the fireplace, in the depths of the cold of winter, with some hot chocolate, and just enjoy the whole atmosphere of the book.
Christmas at the Little Village Bakery: A feel good festive romance to curl up by the fire with Honeybourne Book 2 #ad - The story weaves together a tale of love, friendship, trust, desire and so much more. Haven’t got a Clue. The cover just drew me in too and it really didn’t disappoint' the Reading Shed'I love Christmas books, and think this would make a wonderful addition to anybody's stocking this year!' Best Crime Books and More'This was another feel-good story from Tilly Tennant.
A delightful Christmas read. Renita d'Silva'Really enjoyable. There is never a dull moment in Honeybourne! 'Book Kaz'This was cute.
The Summer of Secrets: A feel good romance novel perfect for holiday readingBookouture #ad - The descriptions of where Harper lives sound absolutely beautiful and immediately make you want to leave everything and go live there! . Could not put it down. Will leave you hooked even after a few pages. The cosiest corner, 5 stars‘An absolute pleasure to read! . I loved everything about it. Goodreads reviewer, 5 stars‘i adored this wonderful heart-warming story that captured my soul and left me glued to my ereader and I didn't want the story to end.
I just want to say how fantastic this book is … if you’ve not read any books by this author, why the heck not?! Do it now… you won’t regret it! I just love love loved it. Stefloz book reviews, 5 starscan new love grow when you dig up old secrets? Fall in love with this heart-warming romantic comedy from Amazon chart bestseller Tilly Tennant.
The Summer of Secrets: A feel good romance novel perfect for holiday reading #ad - Harper woods wakes up every morning on Silver Hill Farm feeling like the luckiest woman in the world. You just fall into and lose yourself right from the very first page. Truly wonderful. Really brilliant.
The Little Village Bakery: A feel good romantic comedy with plenty of cake Honeybourne Book 1Bookouture #ad - Hooked. It’s time for millie to face the skeletons in her closet if she’s going to live the dream of running her little village bakery, and her blossoming romance with Dylan. One in particular, Dylan, a laid-back lothario, soon captures her attention. But just as millie is beginning to settle in, an unexpected visitor from her past suddenly turns up determined to ruin everything for her.
Her imagination has been captured by the tumbledown bakery but with no running water and dust everywhere, her cosy idea of making cakes in a rural idyll quickly crumbles. Luckily the locals are a friendly bunch and step in to help Millie. This book was a real pleasure to read, which I absolutely devoured in one sitting.
The Little Village Bakery: A feel good romantic comedy with plenty of cake Honeybourne Book 1 #ad - The reading Shed‘I absolutely loved it. When the truth was revealed it was not what I was expecting … I can honestly say it was delightful. The book jotterhelp yourself to a generous slice of Victoria sponge, a perfect cup of tea and a big dollop of romance. Welcome to the Little Village Bakery. Meet Millie.
5/5*’ krafti reader'this is an adorable tale of new beginnings, new friends and a village pulling together. Highly recommended.
Cold Feet at Christmas: The perfect heartwarming and cosy Christmas romantic comedyOne More Chapter #ad - Fun, sexy and fabulously festive’ jane CostelloRunning out on your wedding shouldn’t be this much fun!A remote Scottish castle on a snowy Christmas Eve. It should have been the happiest day of leah harvey’s life – but the fairytale wedding turns sour when she finds her fiancé halfway up the bridesmaid’s skirt just hours before the ceremony!Fleeing the scene in a blizzard, Leah ends up stranded at the nearest cottage, and absolutely gorgeous bride on the run, freezing cold, where she collapses into the arms of its inhabitant – a man so handsome she thinks she must have died and gone to heaven!And when Rob Cavelli suddenly finds himself with an armful of soaking wet, he’s more than happy to welcome her into his snowbound cottage this Christmas…‘Superb…like a fabulous breath of fresh air and I fell in love with the warm, witty, sexy writing style from the very first page’ Holly Martin .
A dress to die for. A handsome husband-to-be.
The Summer Getaway: A feel good holiday readBookouture #ad - Great characters and the story plot is amazing and an easy read that you just can't put down. Fifteen hard and lonely years later, she finally has the chance to take Molly on her first ever holiday; a gorgeous, all-expenses-paid trip to the charming French resort of St. Perfect for a summer weekend. Goodreads reviewer‘i have always loved tilly's books and this one is her best by far totally hooked from the first page and so heartwarming and romantic and absolutely brilliant read with beautiful countryside and you think you are there in the French Rivera.
I stayed up until 4 am to finish the novel in one sitting. Goodreads Reviewer'Full of happiness and fun. It had me on the edge of my seat all the way through. Fabulous book fiend 'totally hooked from the first page and so heartwarming and romantic – an absolutely brilliant read that you just can't put down.
The Summer Getaway: A feel good holiday read #ad - Goodreads reviewer, i have been blown away by anything that tilly tennant writes; she has a magical way of creating a beautiful book that is full of loveable and realistic characters and scenarios… The book itself was well-written, 5 stars‘In the past, and descriptions of Southern France were gorgeous.
. A fantastic read from the first page worth far more than five stars.
Hattie's Home for Broken Hearts: A heartwarming laugh out loud romantic comedyBookouture #ad - What a marvellous read this was. This book is perfect to read on holiday. Boonies123,. A fantastic summer read with the feel- good factor. I raced through the story finishing it in an afternoon. Hattie can’t help but fall in love with the donkeys and the opportunity to get close to dreamy Canadian vet Seth but Jo is harder to get to know and when she finds her boss sobbing in her sleep one stormy night, she knows that her new friend is hiding a dark secret.
Amazing characters, a fabulous storyline and a great setting. Enough to almost draw tears but then break out in a big smile. Everyone loves hattie’s home for broken Hearts:‘This is a story that will melt even the hardest of hearts, it is perfect for lovers of Jenny Colgan books. And when handsome newspaper reporter Owen does some digging into Jo’s past he finds something that connects her to Hattie on a whole new level.
Hattie's Home for Broken Hearts: A heartwarming laugh out loud romantic comedy #ad - If you love jenny colgan, lucy diamond and Josie Silver you will be enchanted by this life-affirming read that reminds you that home is wherever the people you love are. Wonderful. Goodreads reviewer, 5 stars‘Tilly love you have done it again. Stunning.
A Cat Called Cupid: The purrfect heart-warming romantic comedyBookouture #ad - It’s a great little escapist read. Goodreads Reviewer. And theo can come home in the early hours and unwind with his loyal cat Satchmo. What they don’t know is that it’s the same cat. And when they find out – standing in the street in their pyjamas, both on the hunt for their lost pet – sparks of the wrong sort will fly… A wonderfully warm will-they-won’t-they romantic read that will have you laughing one minute and crying the next.
I laughed and genuinely rooted for Lara throughout. Phoenixesque’s book pile‘i’m a fan of Tilly Tennant so I was delighted to be approved for this book. But there’s nothing wrong with getting things right… so why has it stopped her finding Mr Right?Theo knows people think he’s a bit scruffy, a bit too laid back.
A Cat Called Cupid: The purrfect heart-warming romantic comedy #ad - But there’s nothing wrong with setting your own pace… if only he could find someone who wanted to live life at his speed. It’s okay, though. If you’re a fan of jill mansell and Carole Matthews, A Cat Called Cupid is the love story you’ve been waiting for. What readers are saying about A Cat Called Cupid:‘Oh my gosh I loved this book.
It has flashes of humor a la bridget jones, but is infinitely cuter because it has a cat in it …I'd recommend this to all you rom-com, chick-flick-lovin' women.

domain: literature


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Masters of the Universe: Revolution announced for Netflix
Kevin Smith returns to the Masters of the Universe after helming Masters of the Universe: Revelations with upcoming titled Masters of the Universe: Revolution.
Kevin Smith will be returning to the project working together with Powerhouse Animation who also did the first series. We can expect to see most of the cast from “Revelation” return for this sequel including Mark Hammil who might be reprising his role as Skeletor. Check out the tweet that Kevin Smith released around the same time that announcement was made by Netflix.
After Revelation comes REVOLUTION!
I’m ecstatic to be making more @MastersOfficial with @Mattel and @powerhouseanim for @netflix!
Big thanks to everyone who streamed our show last summer! You gave us the Power to go back to Grayskull for another epic Eternian adventure! pic.twitter.com/TlCP8TLnS9
— KevinSmith (@ThatKevinSmith) June 8, 2022
And there’s a lot of things that the series teased at the end of the first series namely the rise of the Horde and a potential appearance of Hordak, Teela has become the new Sorceress plus what the magical forces have for He-Man and the rest of the Masters of the Universe.
Are you hyped for Masters of the Universe: Revolution? Follow me on Twitter at @thefanboyseo for more geek news and updates!


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- Open Access
Indoor spraying with chlorfenapyr (a pyrrole insecticide) provides residual control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in southern Benin
Malaria Journal volume 19, Article number: 249 (2020)
New classes of insecticides with novel modes of action, which can provide effective and prolonged control of insecticide-resistant malaria vector populations, are urgently needed for indoor residual spraying. Such insecticides can be included in a rotation plan to manage and prevent further development of resistance in mosquito vectors of malaria. Chlorfenapyr, a novel pyrrole insecticide with a unique mode of action, is being developed as a long-lasting IRS formulation.
The efficacy of several formulations of chlorfenapyr alone and as mixtures with alpha-cypermethrin were evaluated in an experimental hut trial against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Cové, Benin, in an attempt to identify the most effective and long-lasting formulations for IRS. The trial lasted 12 months. A comparison was made with alpha-cypermethrin and bendiocarb formulations. CDC bottle bioassays were performed to investigate cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr in the local vector population.
Mortality rates in World Health Organization (WHO) cylinder bioassays were < 5% with pyrethroids due to high levels of pyrethroid resistance, but > 95% with bendiocarb thus confirming susceptibility to carbamates in the vector population. CDC bottle bioassays showed no cross-resistance between pyrethroids and chlorfenapyr. Overall mortality of free-flying mosquitoes entering the experimental huts over the 12-month trial was 4% with alpha-cypermethrin and 12% with bendiocarb. The chlorfenapyr solo-formulations induced significantly higher levels of mortality (38–46%) compared to the bendiocarb (12% P < 0.001) and to the mixture formulations (18–22%, P < 0.05). The original Sylando 240SC formulation of chlorfenapyr was more efficacious than all other novel chlorfenapyr formulations tested. Bendiocarb induced > 80% mortality in the first month, but this declined sharply to < 20% by the third month while the mortality rates achieved with the chlorfenapyr formulations (38–46%) were persistent lasting 7–10 months. The mixtures induced significantly lower percentage mortality than chlorfenapyr-solo formulations. Wall cone bioassays only showed mortality rates that were consistent with chlorfenapyr IRS treated huts when the exposure time was increased to 2 h.
Indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr (Sylando® 240SC) provides moderate but prolonged control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors compared to pyrethroid and bendiocarb IRS. Wall cone bioassays on chlorfenapyr-treated walls required longer exposure times of 2 h than the customary 30 min indicating that WHO guidelines on residual cone bioassays need to be more insecticide-specific.
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a key vector control intervention for preventing or controlling malaria in many malaria-endemic countries . When applied correctly, IRS can rapidly reduce vector populations and interrupt transmission. The use of IRS has increased considerably over the past two decades  contributing significantly to the remarkable reductions in malaria burden observed in endemic countries over this period.
The effectiveness of IRS for vector control depends on the residual activity of the insecticide on treated home walls and the continued susceptibility of local vectors to the insecticides being deployed. Until very recently, this intervention relied on a small number of insecticides from four classes of chemistry (pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and the organochlorine DDT). Most of the insecticides also showed low residual activity (2–5 months) on wall substrates, thus requiring multiple rounds of IRS application for effective control . Unfortunately, malaria vectors have developed resistance to all four classes of compounds [4, 5]. Resistance to pyrethroids and DDT is now widespread and increasing in intensity the more they are used, making these compounds less effective as time goes on . This resulted in increased use of carbamates and organophosphates in recent years [2, 6] driven by the development of a long-lasting formulation of pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) . However, carbamate and organophosphate resistance is also increasing in malaria vectors especially in West Africa [4, 5, 8, 9].
The development of new IRS insecticides which can provide improved and prolonged control of insecticide-resistant vector populations is critical for maintaining the effectiveness of this intervention. Two new IRS insecticide products belonging to the neonicotinoid class have very recently been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) . As a strategy for managing insecticide resistance in local vector populations, vector control programmes are encouraged to implement a rotational schedule of IRS insecticides of different modes of action to reduce selection pressure on the vector . While the newly prequalified IRS insecticides show potential to improve the control of insecticide-resistant vector populations [12,13,14,15], an effective rotational strategy which will prevent the development of further resistance cannot rely on these compounds alone as they contain the same active ingredient (clothianidin) and thus share the same mode of action; a more diversified portfolio of IRS insecticides is required.
Chlorfenapyr, a pyrrole insecticide has shown potential to control pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae. It works by targeting the oxidative pathways in the insect’s mitochondria disrupting ATP production and thus presenting a novel mode of action for IRS which differs from other public health insecticides [16,17,18]. There are currently no records of cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr and existing IRS insecticides . While experimental hut trials with one formulation of chlorfenapyr for IRS (Sylando® 240SC) have reported comparable mortality rates against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant malaria mosquitoes to some conventional IRS products , reformulation of insecticides can the increase residual activity of many classes of IRS insecticides such as pyrethroids  and organophosphates  and improve bioavailability and efficacy on treated wall substrates.
In this study, the bioefficacy of a series of new formulations of chlorfenapyr and mixtures of chlorfenapyr with alpha-cypermethrin for IRS against wild, free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was assessed in experimental huts. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the bioefficacy and residual activity of chlorfenapyr, the trial was conducted for 12 months and comparison was made with IRS with alpha-cypermethrin and bendiocarb.
Study site and experimental huts
The study was performed at the CREC/LSHTM experimental hut site in Cové, southern Benin (7°14′ N 2°18′ E). The station is situated at the centre of a large rice-growing zone which provides extensive mosquito breeding sites throughout the year. The rainy season extends from March to October and the dry season from November to February. The trial ran for 12 months from September 2016 to September 2017 in 9 experimental huts of the West African design . The huts are built on concrete plinths surrounded by water-filled moats to prevent the entry of scavenging ants and are equipped with veranda traps to capture exiting mosquitoes. The walls are made of brick plastered with cement on the inside, with a corrugated steel roof, a ceiling of palm thatch and four window slits (1-cm gap) on the walls through which mosquitoes enter. The vector species consists of Anopheles coluzzii and An gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) with the latter occurring at lower proportions (~ 23%) mostly in the dry season . The vector population is very resistant to pyrethroids but susceptible to carbamates and organophosphates. Pyrethroid resistance is mediated by L1014 kdr (> 90% frequency) and over-expression of metabolic enzymes.
WHO Susceptibility bioassays
To determine the frequency of insecticide resistance in the wild vector population during the hut trial, WHO cylinder bioassays were performed on 2–5-day old adult F1 female mosquitoes emerging from larvae collected from breeding sites close the experimental huts. Approximately 100 female mosquitoes per insecticide were exposed for 1 h in cohorts of 25 to alpha-cypermethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05% bendiocarb 0.1% and fenitrothion 1% treated filter papers. Knockdown was recorded after 1 h and mortality after a 24 h holding period.
CDC bottle bioassays to investigate cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr
To investigate cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr and pyrethroids and determine a discriminating dose for the insecticide, CDC bottle bioassays were performed during the trial with 2-5 days old pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiaes.l. adult F1 female mosquitoes emerging from larvae collected from breeding sites close the experimental huts. Approximately 100 female mosquitoes per insecticide dose were exposed for 1 h in cohorts of 25 to bottles treated with chlorfenapyr at 5 different doses ranging from 15 to 450 µg/bottle. Mosquitoes were also exposed to untreated control and alpha-cypermethrin 12.5 µg treated bottles. Mosquitoes of the susceptible An. gambiae Kisumu strain were also tested for comparison. The tests were double-blind; Eppendorf tubes containing unknown pre-weighed amounts of the technical grade of each dose/insecticide obtained from BASF were used to prepare stock solutions and 1 ml of each was applied to each bottle.
Experimental hut treatments
Three new formulations of chlorfenapyr coded FS1, FS7, and HKI and two new mixture formulations of alpha-cypermethrin and chlorfenapyr coded FS2 and F5 were compared to the reference Sylando® 240SC, alpha-cypermethrin (FS4) and bendiocarb in the experimental hut trial at application rates provided in Table 1. The new formulations were selected based on their performance against susceptible and resistant strains of An. gambiae s.l. in preliminary WHO laboratory cone bioassays testing a wider range of formulations on mud and concrete substrates. Apart from HKI which was a wettable miscible granule formulation of chlorfenapyr, all other formulations tested in the huts were suspension concentrates (Table 1). The formulations were compared to bendiocarb WP and an untreated hut for the control.
To prevent contamination from previous trials, hut walls were re-plastered and the concrete allowed to cure for a month before the trial. The IRS treatments were applied using a Hudson Xpert compression sprayer equipped with an 8002 flat fan nozzle following WHO guidelines . To improve the accuracy of the spray application, hut walls were marked with spray swaths and a guidance pole attached to the tip of the spray lance to enable the spray man to maintain a fixed distance from the wall during spraying. Spray men wore full protective clothing and huts were sprayed from top to bottom using a predetermined lance speed to deliver the target volume. The palm thatch used to line the ceiling of the hut was sprayed flat on the ground outside the hut and allowed to dry before fitting to the ceiling of the hut. The volume sprayed was determined by subtracting the volume left in the tank after spraying. The actual volume sprayed on the walls did not deviate significantly from the target application rate for each hut (< 15% deviation for any treatment).
Trial procedure and volunteer sleepers
The IRS treatments were applied on 16th September 2016 and the trial lasted for 12 months. Consenting human volunteer ‘sleepers’ slept in the huts from 9:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. each night to attract mosquitoes into the huts. To account for individual attractiveness to mosquitoes, sleepers were rotated through the huts daily using a simple Latin square design. At dawn, the volunteer sleepers collected dead mosquitoes in the room of the hut and all mosquitoes which escaped into the veranda using torches and aspirators. Mosquito collections were then transferred to the laboratory for processing where they were identified according to appropriate identification keys and scored for their blood-feeding status and mortality. Delayed mortality was recorded every 24 h for up to 72 h. Mosquitoes were held at 25 ± 2 °C during the observations.
The following outcome measures were used to assess the efficacy of the treatments in the experimental huts:
Deterrence: percentage reduction in the number of mosquitoes caught in treated hut relative to the number caught in the control hut
Exiting rates: due to potential irritant effect of treatments expressed as a percentage of the mosquitoes collected from the veranda trap
Blood feeding rate: percentage of blood-fed mosquitoes
Inhibition of blood-feeding: reduction in blood-feeding rate relative to the control. This was as follows:
where Bfu is the proportion of blood-fed mosquitoes in the untreated control hut and Bft is the proportion of blood-fed mosquitoes in the hut with a specific insecticide treatment.
Mortality rate: percentage of dead mosquitoes after a 72 h holding period.
Assessing spray quality
Before spraying, filter papers (Whatman No 1) measuring 5 × 5 cm were fixed on each wall in each hut using masking tape. After spraying, the filter papers were removed, carefully packaged in aluminium foil and stored at 4 °C for 10 days after which they were shipped to BASF for chemical analysis to assess the quality of the spray applications using gas chromatography.
Wall cone bioassay exposure time studies
Supplementary bioassays were performed to investigate the relationship between exposure time in wall cone bioassays and mortality rates of free-flying mosquitoes. Fifty laboratory maintained susceptible female An. gambiae Kisumu mosquitoes per hut were exposed in cohorts of 10 for 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h to walls of huts treated with alpha-cypermethrin, Sylando 240SC and the control hut using standard WHO cone bioassays. One cone was placed on each wall and one on the ceiling. Mortality was recorded every 24 h for up to 72 h.
Proportional outcomes (blood-feeding, exiting and mortality) related to each experimental hut treatment were assessed using binomial generalized linear models (GLMMs) on Stata (version 2.15.0). A separate model was fitted for each outcome. In addition to the fixed effect of each treatment, each model included random effects to account for the sources of variation between the volunteer sleepers and the months of the trial.
WHO resistance bioassays
Over 95% of wild An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes from Cové survived exposure to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alpha-cypermethrin) in the WHO susceptibility cylinder bioassays thus confirming the high levels of pyrethroid resistance in the Cové vector population (Fig. 1). Mortality with bendiocarb 0.1% and fenitrothion 1% treated papers were 95% and 100%, respectively demonstrating susceptibility to carbamates and organophosphates.
Cross-resistance CDC bottle bioassays
The mortality rate with alpha-cypermethrin 12.5 µg bottles was 48%. Mortality was 100% with all 5 doses of chlorfenapyr tested (15 to 450 µg) for both susceptible Kisumu and pyrethroid-resistant Cové strains (Fig. 2). There was no measurable difference in susceptibility to chlorfenapyr between both strains at the doses tested indicating no evidence of cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr in the wild pyrethroid-resistant vector population in Cové.
Hut trial results
The hut trial results are presented in Table 2 and Figs. 3 and 4. A total of 32,486 female An. gambiae s.l. were collected in the experimental huts during the trial. The exiting rates in huts treated with chlorfenapyr formulations (71–80%) were lower than what was observed in huts treated with alpha-cypermethrin alone (FS4), the mixture formulations (FS2 and FS5) and bendiocarb (94–100%, P < 0.05). This can be attributed to the high excito-repellent and neurotoxic activities of the pyrethroid and the carbamate. Blood-feeding rates were 100% with the untreated control and 98–100% with all treatments tested. This is expected of the IRS treatments considering there was no mosquito net barrier to prevent feeding, and that mosquitoes feed on sleepers before resting on the treated walls.
Overall mortality through the course of the 12-month trial was 1% in the control hut and 4% in the alpha-cypermethrin treated hut (FS4). The chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin mixture formulations induced lower levels of overall mortality compared to what was achieved with the chlorfenapyr-only formulations (18–22% vs. 38–46% P < 0.05). Overall mortality was much lower with bendiocarb (12%) compared to chlorfenapyr alone (38% to 46%, P < 0.05) and mixture formulations (18–22%, P < 0.05). The highest mortality was achieved with the Sylando® 240SC formulation and this was significantly higher than what was achieved with other chlorfenapyr-only formulations (46% with Sylando® 240SC vs. 38–40% with other chlorfenapyr-only formulations, P < 0.05). There was evidence of delayed mosquito mortality with the mixtures and chlorfenapyr formulations as mortality increased significantly with these treatments when observation time increased from 24 to 72 h; this effect was not observed with alpha-cypermethrin alone and bendiocarb (Fig. 3).
Monthly mortality of wild mosquitoes in treated experimental huts
The monthly mortality rates of wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.l. entering the IRS treated huts in Cové over the 12-month trial are presented in Fig. 4. Initial mortality with the chlorfenapyr formulations was ~ 44–56% in the first month of the trial. This mortality remained more or less steady from month 2 onwards only dropping to ~ 20–30% after 8–10 months. By contrast, mortality with bendiocarb was initially > 80% in month 1 but declined very sharply to less than 20% by the third month. With the Sylando® 240SC chlorfenapyr formulation, mortality was 40–50% for up to 9 months and dropped to 20% after 10 months.
Impact of exposure time in cone bioassays on IRS treated walls
Cone bioassay mortality rates of susceptible An. gambiae Kisumu mosquitoes exposed to alpha-cypermethrin and chlorfenapyr (Sylando®) treated hut walls for a range of exposure times 1 week post-IRS application are presented in Fig. 5. Mortality with alpha-cypermethrin was > 90% independent of exposure time. With chlorfenapyr, mortality was very low at the standard 30-min exposure time (27%) but increased steadily as exposure time was increased to 4 h. A mortality rate of 40–50% which was more consistent with the mortality of free-flying wild mosquitoes in the huts was only achieved after 2 h of exposure. Optimal cone bioassay mortality on chlorfenapyr treated walls (> 90% mortality) required 4 h of exposure.
Assessing spray quality
The results from chemical analysis of filter papers that were fixed to hut walls during spraying are presented in Table 3. Apart from the FS5 which showed a deviation from target dose of 51%, the mean insecticide content of the filter papers were generally within the acceptable deviation of less than 50%  ranging between 160 and 299 mg/m2 for chlorfenapyr (target was 250 mg/m2) and 18 mg/m2 to 41 mg/m2 for alpha-cypermethrin alone (target was 30 mg/m2).
New chemical compounds with novel modes of action which can provide both improved and long-lasting residual control of insecticide-resistant malaria vector populations are urgently needed for indoor residual spraying . The effectiveness and residual activity of IRS often depend on the type of formulation of the insecticide used. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of several formulations of chlorfenapyr alone and as mixtures with alpha-cypermethrin in the controlled household environment of an experimental hut study against a naturally entering and exiting pyrethroid-resistant vector population in an attempt to identify a more effective and longer-lasting formulation of the insecticide for IRS than the reference Sylando 240 SC chlorfenapyr formulation. The selection of formulations for testing was based on their good performance in preliminary laboratory bioassays of a wide range of WG, WP, SC and novel formulations of chlorfenapyr on mud and concrete substrates. IRS with the carbamate bendiocarb and pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin served as positive controls as these have been used in West Africa.
The low overall mortality of free-flying mosquitoes in huts treated with alpha-cypermethrin IRS (4%) demonstrates the ineffectiveness of pyrethroids for IRS in areas with high levels of pyrethroid resistance and highlights the need for effective non-pyrethroid IRS insecticides. Sylando 240SC formulation of chlorfenapyr induced a mean mortality rate over 12 months of 46% thus confirming results from previous experimental hut studies [16, 17]. However, contrary to expectations, none of the new chlorfenapyr and mixture formulations tested was an improvement over Sylando 240SC in the experimental huts thus demonstrating a major challenge in developing an improved more effective formulation of chlorfenapyr based on SC or WDP technology for IRS. Throughout the trial, all the chlorfenapyr solo and mixture formulations tested induced much higher overall mortality compared to what was achieved with bendiocarb, a WHO-recommended IRS insecticide to which the vector population was fully susceptible, thus showing that chlorfenapyr is nonetheless a potentially effective insecticide for IRS.
To ensure that householders in areas with stable malaria transmission are protected by IRS, it is desirable that the insecticide deployed persists long enough on treated home walls to cover the entire transmission season, otherwise multiple and resource-demanding IRS applications may be required . Initial mortality with bendiocarb was 80% but this lasted for only 1 month and was almost completely lost by the third month of the trial, thus confirming its suitability only for short transmission seasons on concrete wall substrates . By contrast, the current study demonstrated the long residual activity of chlorfenapyr (Sylando 240SC) on treated concrete walls killing free-flying pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors substantially for up to 9 months. The mortality rate was lower than the initial mortality rate in huts treated with bendiocarb but was persistent throughout the study and never declined as observed in the bendiocarb treated huts. This pattern is unusual and raises the question of what level of mortality as demonstrated in an experimental hut is required to provide adequate transmission control on a community scale. New classes of chemistry, particularly those that have a unique, non-neural mode of action are required to undergo cluster randomised trials if they are applied for an insecticide-treated net , but this is not a strict requirement for an IRS. Nevertheless, the question of what level of control in an experimental hut would translate to transmission control is a valid one which requires better evidence. The question of who should pay to obtain this evidence also remains open.
While higher levels of mortality of pyrethroid-resistant vector populations have been reported with other recently developed novel IRS insecticides in similar trials [7, 13,14,15], effective rotation of IRS insecticides for insecticide resistance management as recommended by the GPIRM will require a much larger and more diversified portfolio of IRS insecticides .
Considering its unique mode of action and long residual activity against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, chlorfenapyr has the potential to efficiently complement other IRS compounds in an IRS rotation programme for insecticide resistance management. In addition, chlorfenapyr IRS has shown potential to complement standard pyrethroid only nets in a combined intervention strategy against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors inducing an additive effect of both interventions [16, 26]. It is also unknown whether chlorfenapyr, with its unique mode of action, has other effects on the vector not apparent in experimental huts.
The lower mortality rates achieved with the alpha-cypermethrin and chlorfenapyr IRS mixture formulations compared to the chlorfenapyr solo IRS formulations was consistent with findings from a previous study which evaluated a tank mix of alphacypermethrin SC (Fendona SC) and chlorfenapyr SC (Sylando SC) formulations against the same vector population . This effect in the previous study might have been due to the carriers in the two formulations masking or covering one another. The alternative hypothesis is that high excito-repellent property of the pyrethroid may have prevented adequate contact with the more toxic chlorfenapyr component of the mixture to allow pick-up of a toxic dose from the treated walls. Because this trend with the co-formulated mixture products in the present study was consistent with that shown in the earlier tank-mix trial, the neutralising effect on chlorfenapyr toxicity was, therefore, more likely due to excito-repellency of the pyrethroid in the co-formulated mixtures than on masking by the constituent SC carrier formulants. Based on this observation, the manufacturing company (BASF) decided to discontinue development of the mixture formulation for IRS.
While the percentage mortality of free-flying mosquitoes that enter experimental huts and alight on walls before or after blood-feeding is the primary measure of the efficacy of IRS in WHO phase 2 experimental hut trials, the standard WHO technique for measuring and monitoring the bioefficacy and residual activity of applied IRS is the 30 min cone bioassay on wall surfaces. Previous studies with chlorfenapyr IRS have demonstrated the inadequacy of 30 min exposure to predict the performance of chlorfenapyr IRS against free-flying mosquitoes [17, 27]. The present study demonstrated that with chlorfenapyr, wall cone bioassays may only predict mortality of free-flying mosquitoes if the mosquito exposure time is increased to 2–4 h. Two-hour exposure may be the average exposure time free-flying mosquitoes spend on chlorfenapyr IRS surfaces. Chlorfenapyr treated surfaces are non-repellent unlike alpha-cypermethrin surfaces  where 30 min is established as a more appropriate exposure time. This raises the intriguing prospect of insecticide-class specific exposure times. Previous research on pirimiphos methyl-treated surfaces indicates a 1 h exposure is the more appropriate and realistic exposure time for organophosphate that predicts mortality of free-flying mosquitoes . Organophosphates are more repellent than chlorfenapyr but less repellent than pyrethroids such as alpha-cypermethrin . Insecticide class-specific exposure time may prove to be an advance on current practice and deserves further attention. Research on chlorfenapyr is further complicated by its non-neurotoxic mode of action on mitochondrial respiratory pathways, which is most evident in host-seeking and flying mosquitoes. It may be the case that blood-fed mosquitoes resting on chlorfenapyr treated walls are less sensitive to the toxicity of the insecticide than free-flying, unfed, host seeking mosquitoes approaching an alpha-cypermethrin and chlorfenapyr mixture LLIN (Interceptor® G2) . This observation further highlights the need for new testing methods and guidelines, which take into consideration the mode of action of novel non-neurotoxic insecticides.
Indoor residual spraying with chlorfenapyr provides moderate but prolonged control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors compared to pyrethroid and bendiocarb IRS. The Sylando 240SC formulation of chlorfenapyr outperformed all other newly developed formulations indicating that the level of mortality achieved was not improved by reformulation. New formulations of mixtures of chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin did not improve the bioefficacy of the chlorfenapyr IRS alone and confirmed the negative effect of alpha-cypermethrin in the IRS mixture. Wall cone bioassays on chlorfenapyr treated walls required longer exposure times of 2 h than the customary 30 min stipulated by the WHO to generate data more representative of chlorfenapyr IRS bioefficacy in experimental huts. WHO guidelines on residual cone bioassays need to be more insecticide-specific.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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We thank Drs. Susanne Stutz and Egon Weinmueller of BASF SE and Dr. James W. Austin of BASF Corporation Professional & Specialty Solutions for supplying the insecticides, consultations and coordination. We also thank the technical staff of CREC (Abel Agbevo, Estelle Vigninou etc.) for their assistance. We appreciate Mr. David Malone of IVCC for his coordination. We are grateful to the rice farmers at Cové and the volunteer sleepers for their participation in the hut study.
The study was funded by the Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of LSHTM and the Ministry of Health, Benin. Human volunteer sleepers who slept in the huts to attract mosquitoes gave informed consent prior to their participation and were provided with chemoprophylaxis. Through the course of the study, they were examined regularly for signs of fever; any sleepers testing positive for malaria were withdrawn from the study and treated following country guidelines.
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Ngufor, C., Fongnikin, A., Hobbs, N. et al. Indoor spraying with chlorfenapyr (a pyrrole insecticide) provides residual control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in southern Benin. Malar J 19, 249 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03325-2
- Experimental huts
- Indoor residual spraying
- Alpha-cypermethrin, Bendiocarb
- CDC Bottle bioassays


James Gallagher, the assemblyman to California’s 3rd State district, visited Chico March 30 to participate in a discussion of the Oroville Dam crisis at the Chico City Chambers.
Gallagher began the discussion by retelling his family’s evacuation experience and how they handled the Oroville Dam crisis. The assemblyman said his main goal, along with his staff, was to spread as much information to the community as possible during the crisis. Gallagher says he’s a proud member of the community and his staff was reliable during the whole event.
“I was calling every resource that I had to get information,” Gallagher said. “I think that was the key; to get people the critical pieces of information they needed during this situation.”
The assemblyman then transitioned to explain how things will go forward after the Oroville Dam crisis. Gallagher says he wants to know what the real facts are for the Oroville Dam and Spillway. He said one goal at the state assembly now includes making sure the spillway gets rebuilt.
“We need to make sure this gets built back the way it needs to be built back.” Gallagher said. “We want to make sure it’s done right.”
Gallagher’s second goal for the Oroville Spillway rebuild processes include funding the construction and investigating why the spillway failed. FEMA and emergency funds says Gallagher could potentially fund a lot of the construction. The assemblyman wants to make sure the rebuild spillway gets the money it needs.
The investigation on why the spillway collapsed will be conducted by oversight hearings in the legislatures and a technical board of engineers, Gallagher told the Orion. Gallagher mused that maybe a state audit could happen to examine how maintenance money was spent. The assemblyman would also like to see a complete review on how all the inspections were done. He wants to know the information people had of the geo-technical survey of both spillways and how that was used to address problems that arise.
“Those are the kind of questions that I want solid answers to,” Gallagher said to the Orion. “Wherever they lead they lead. We need to know that, not only because what happened here, but how we can make sure this does not happen again.”
George Johnston can be reached at [email protected] or @gjohnston786 on Twitter.


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Ong King is a safe space to open up and create featuring artwork, classes, workshops,entertainment and more. We've had some great times and Ong King is my home and heart but it is time for Me and the pup to move on! Come out and celebrate like old times and help me make my last First Friday the best one ever! I would love the chance to say thank you for 7 great years. More...
| First Fridays at Downbeat with Curt Yagi and Good Foot (11/4/2016 - 9-2am)|
86 Productions presents First Friday in Downbeat with reggae rock group Curt Yagi & The People Behind Him and Northern Soul band Good Foot. Nationally acclaimed reggae-soul artist, Mike Love plays live on stage in Downbeat Lounge in anticipation for his upcoming EP and tour. Come experience the voice and rhythm that Jack Johnson declared "one of the most talented musicians I've ever played with." Also performing, human beatbox Jason Tom More...
| Queen's Lane Wall at South Shore Market (Kakaako) Mural Project at By Hawaii Artist Mark N. Brown Featuring Sig Zane Artwork |
Mural project in Kakaako (Queen's Lane Wall at South Shore Market Mural Project) featuring Sig Zane art. Located by T.J. Maxx More...
| The Arts At Marks Garage First Friday - Current Exhibit - Maka Hā: New works by Carl F.K. Pao, K pa a Hee, Cory Taum and Nicole Naone (11/4/2016 - 5-10pm)|
Maka Hā is the fourth in a series of exhibitions dedicated to the Makahiki and ancient Hawaiian New Year. It will feature reinterpretations of indigenous symbolism for vision or Maka with a new group member, and the breath of life or Hā. More...
| Mark N. Brown Chinatown Plein Air Art at Louis Pohl (11/4/2016 - 5pm - 9pm)|
The Louis Pohl Gallery is dedicated to featuring Hawaii artists whose works reflect the standards of excellence, creativity, and inventive spirit for which its namesake was known during his lifetime. Artist's Statement - I enjoy painting outdoors because it limits the amount of time that I have to capture the light in my painting. It makes me call attention to the most important elements and put the non-essential out of focus. More...
| COMMUNITY SPONSOR - Midas Hawaii Tony Pereira Memorial Golf Tournament Donates $40,108.00 to Ronald McDonald House|
Bob & Dianne Pereira from Midas Hawaii presented Candace Asam-Lopez, Director of Development, Jerri Chong, President, and Lawrence Chew, Board Member of Ronald McDonald House Charities with a check for $40,108.00 on behalf of the APIII Memorial - Ronald McDonald House Golf Tournament. The event will be held again at Mid Pacific Country Club next year on January 2017 More...
| First Friday at Madre Chocolate - Harvest Fest (11/4/2016 - 6:00pm - 11:00pm)|
Once again Madre will open it's inner workings to share Art, Music, and the best Chocolate this island has to offer. A vast array of endorphin releasing creations - to tantalize your tatserbuds, excite your ears, Stimulation for your eyes as well. More...
| The Pegge Hopper Gallery - Pegge Hopper Exhibit: Surround by Jamie R. Allen (11/4/2016 - 5pm - 9pm)|
The Pegge Hopper Gallery and Halele'a Gallery are pleased to present Surround, an exhibition on identity and location by artist Jamie R. Allen.
The Pegge Hopper Gallery opened in 1983 and is located in historic Chinatown. More...
| Hawaii Theatre - COMING NOVEMBER 2016 EVENTS|
Proclaimed as the "Pride of the Pacific," the beautiful Hawaii Theatre, built by the Consolidated Amusement Company, opened its doors September 6, 1922 in downtown Honolulu. More...
| Reuseable Bags And Mugs Supports Domestic Violence Action Center - Images Donated By Pegge Hopper|
As part of DVAC's 25th Anniversary celebration (2015), the agency has partnered with Pegge Hopper, Marketing Connections and Guild Mortgage to produce two wonderful logo items, both imprinted with an image, Kai Ho'lulu, donated by Pegge Hopper. More...
| La Muse Boutique (11/4/2016 - 5:00 pm - 9pm)|
For the last First Friday of the year, we have new inventories from around the world again. More...
| First Friday at The Dumb Coq (11/4/2016)|
New-american fare and cocktails in Honolulu, Hawaii More...
| Hawaii State Foundation On Culture and The Arts NOVEMBER 2016 Newsletter|
The Hawai'i State Art Museum is dedicated to presenting the largest and finest collection of works by Hawai'i artists that celebrate the diverse artistic and cultural legacy of Hawai'i. More...
| VIDEO - PHOTOS AND MORE - HASR Bistro - Restaurant Profile|
Country Style Bistro - A blend of American European Cuisine. Daily specials, fine wines and more. It's a team with passion to provide great food & drink. Terry Kakazu and Executive Chef Rodney Uyehara have join together to a great restaurant in Downtown / Chinatown... "Escape to HASR Bistro where comfort cuisine is created with passion" More...
| VIDEO - PHOTOS AND MORE - Theme for 31st Annual Holiday Wreath Contest is "Kalikimaka Kai ulu"|
The Mayor's Office of Culture and the Arts has announced the selection of "Kalikimaka Kaiāulu," or "Neighborhood Christmas," as the theme for the city's 31st Annual Holiday Wreath Contest. More...
| Hawaiian Electric Oahu Arbor Day Tree Giveaway (11/5/2016 - See notes below)|
Celebrate Arbor Day with a free tree! - Planting trees is good for the environment -- trees help to reduce greenhouse gases, retain topsoil, and conserve water. Additionally, strategic placement of trees and shrubs along the sunny sides of your home will help keep it cool and will reduce your air conditioning costs. Hawaiian Electric and its partners will give away 2,700 trees and shrubs. More...
| Patrick Ching's Hawaii Art Newsletter FALL 2016|
Art tips, favorite photos, new TV show, new images, awards, class schedule, new online classes and much more. More...
| NEW SPOT = Pacific Dharma Inc. First Friday - LIVE MUSIC, FOOD, KIRTAN (11/4/2016)|
Come celebrate First Friday with Us. CHANT - DANCE - FEAST - Live Music - Bhava hair Band * Free Vegetarian Food * Kirtan * Bhakti Yogo Discourse * Tarot Card Reading * Transcendental Art * 5% off goods and much more - Free Admission - Non-profit center & store for body mind & soul. , Products Include:, Books , Art, Music, Incense, Clothing, Jewelry, Japa, Beads, Home Decor, and more.... Events & Classes Art, Music, Vegetarian Food, Tarot Readings, Kirtan Book Signing , Record Launching, Dance , Hare Krsna, Bhakti. More...
| Mark N. Brown Finae Art Testimonial - Kathy Sweeney|
Date - 10/13/2016
Mark, I am enjoying gazing at your beautiful paintings! I have them proudly and happily hanging on my living room wall. Next Summer they will be moved to my mountain home in the Sierra Nevadas.
Thank you again,
~Kathy Sweeney More...
| Mayor's Office Of Culture & The Arts Honolulu (MOCA) Newsletters NOVEMBER 2016 - FEATURED EXHIBITS|
The mission of MOCA is to promote the value of arts and culture throughout communities in the City and County of Honolulu. MOCA's objectives are to attain per-eminence in culture and the arts; to perpetuate the artistic and cultural heritages of its entire people; to promote a community environment, which provides equal and abundant opportunity for exposure to culture and the arts in all its forms; and to encourage and provide equal opportunity for the development of culture and the artistic talents of the people of Honolulu. More...
| Chinatown Artists Lofts: Open Studios @ Chinatown Courtyard / Mendonca Building (11/4/2016 - 6:00pm - 10:00pm)|
Half-a-dozen artists offer open-studios on the second floor of Chinatown Artists Lofts, with live music and refreshments overlooking a tropical courtyard from 5-10 p.m. Entrances on Smith and Maunakea near Hotel Street. More...
| SAVE THE DATE - Ronald McDonald House Charities of Hawaii Share-A-Night Annual Gala November 20, 2016|
Honoring Bob and Dianne Pereira Midas Hawaii 2016 Gala Co-Chairs Russell Akamine and Wes Hiyane. More...
| SPONSOR -Midas Hawaii Oil Change Online FALL Sale Coupon Discount Offer $34.99 PLUS FREE TIRE ROTATION!|
Buy online in advance and get great discounts and offers from Midas Hawaii. Save BIG $$$. More...
| SPONSOR -R&C Roofing Contractors Is Now Certainteed Surestart™ Certified! Now Offering 50 Year Non Pro-Rated Warranty Plus Special Online Discounts And Free Offers.|
Our Roofing Contractors & Installation professionals have over 50 years of combined roofing experience and are capable of installing any product you choose. More...
| Downbeat Diner and Lounge Present... COMING NOVEMBER 2016 EVENTS & PROMO FLYERS|
View flyers of coming events at Downbeat Diner and Lounge More...
| Map of First Friday Art Walk Event Calendar - November 4th, 2016|
last update: 11/3/2016 Interactive map of event calendar. More...
| First Friday News|
Keep up with the latest news from the First Friday community - special events, calendars, Downtown/Chinatown news, art news and much more! More...
| First Friday Featured Pages|
Artist, galleries, maps, parking, shopping, restaurants and much more. More...
| Honolulu Real Estate New Listing and Updates - Updated Every Hour - Honolulu real estate expert, Keahi Pelayo, offers FREE online hourly updates on home and condo property listings that can really help you buy Honolulu real estate at a lower price. Premiere resource for buying and selling Honolulu real estate - Honolulu - Oahu - Hawaii. More...|
| Transportation - Car - Bus - Taxi Cab to First Friday - Great resources to get to First Friday Hawaii Art Walk via bus, car, taxi More...|
| EXCLUSIVE COUPONS AND DISCOUNTS - Get these great coupons and discounts from our Featured Sponsors. View their profile and fill out the form to receive the offer! Call ernest at 739-9797 to get featured on this page. More...|
| PROFILES OF THE MONTH|
(Back to the top) - 6 great profiles of this month
| Hawaii Watercolor Society |
To nurture and stimulate interest in water media through education, exhibitions, and collaboration with other organizations, associations, and individuals. Hawai'i Watercolor Society Annual Open Exhibition at Marks Garage 10/3/2014
| HASR Bistro (808) 533-4277|
Country Style Bistro - A blend of American European Cuisine. Daily specials, fine wines and more. It's a team with passion to provide great food & drink. Terry Kakazu and Executive Chef Rodney Uyehara have join together to a great restaurant in Downtown / Chinatown... "Escape to HASR Bistro where comfort cuisine is created with passion"
| Mark N. Brown 808-227-1710|
Mark Brown is an award Winning Plein Air painter and UH instructor whose popular paintings of Hawaii can be seen in galleries islandwide and on the walls of celebrities and well known hotels, restaurants and state and city agencies.
| First Friday Hawaii.com Non Profits |
Listing of non profits on First Friday Hawaii.com Website More...
| Pacific Dharma Inc. - Boutique 808-521-3003|
Non-profit center & store for body mind & soul. , Products Include:, Books , Art, Music, Incense, Clothing, Jewelry, Japa, Beads, Home Decor, and more.... Events & Classes Art, Music, Vegetarian Food, Tarot Readings, Kirtan Book Signing , Record Launching, Dance , Hare Krsna, Bhakti. Has coupon!!
| TAG - The Actors' Group (808) 722-6941|
Some of Hawai'i's finest actors performing work that is seldom seen anywhere else.
(Back to the top) - Lots of events and ongoing activities posted for the month.
| Full List Current Events and Exhibits Calendar|
Check out our full list of upcoming exhibits, shows and events for the next First Friday. More...
| FIRST FRIDAY NEWS|
(Back to the top) - new news postings. Plenty of art, event, venue updates to help you stay current.
Bus Detours for November 4th, 2016 First Friday
City buses will be DETOURED...get the details
HPU Theatre Announces "Deathtrap"
A famous playwright suffering a dry spell, a young writer, a promising script, a nervous wife, a psychic neighbor, a dark and stormy night, a wall covered with weapons, and deliciously witty dialogue throughout.
HAWAII BURLESQUE COLLECTIVE PRESENTS - Second Saturday Burlesque and Burlesque Bingo AT NextDoor Starting Saturday, November 12th
Second Saturday Burlesque is a new monthly burlesque night in the heart of Chinatown, featuring three very different types of quarterly burlesque showcases: Burlesque Bingo - Nov. 12th (Honolulu's favorite burlesque game) and IngéNude - Dec. 10th (a brand new showcase where baby burlesque performers can strut their stuff!), Burlesque Roulette - Feb. 11th (a rotating themed show). See individual descriptions of each event below.
Association Of Hawaii Artists (AHA) - Miniature Art Show
AHA is not only the longest established, but, also the most diverse art organization in Hawaii. After eight decades, it is still a potent art force in Hawaii.
The ARTS at Marks Garage - RAISE THE ROOF! 15th Anniversary Rooftop Fundraiser
In celebration of 15 incredible years of supporting and presenting local arts exhibits, performances, lectures, films and workshops, the iconic non-profit community arts center The ARTS at Marks Garage presents RAISE THE ROOF 1st annual fundraiser onĘSaturday, November 19th!
Hawaii Forgiveness Project - A new series of workshop discussions - First meeting this Friday, November 4th, 2016
Free community event.
First Thursdays Poetry Slam at Hawaiian Brian's Thursday 11/4/2016
Join us this Thursday (November 3rd) for a mind-blowing installment of First Thursdays at Hawaiian Brian's!! As always, this HawaiiSlam show will be hosted by Kealoha and will feature:
Loading Zone - Fall 2016 Update and Events
View some of the cool things going on at the Loading Zone.
City Unveils New, Innovative Winston Hale Micro-Units - Downtown - Chinatown - Honolulu, Hawaii
Mayor Kirk Caldwell today unveiled an innovative new micro-unit at Winston Hale, one of six brand new units built into former commercial spaces within that city managed building. Individuals experiencing homelessness will move into these units before the end of this year.
Downtown Neighborhood Board No. 13 Minutes Posted for Thursday, October 5th, 2016 Meeting
Great way to stay connected and see what is happening in the community.
Midas Hawaii Oil Change Online FALL Sale Coupon Discount Offer $34.99 PLUS FREE TIRE ROTATION!
Buy online in advance and get great discounts and offers from Midas Hawaii. Save BIG $$$.
|The Dumb Coq - Popular New Restaurant |
New-american fare and cocktails in Honolulu, Hawaii
SPONSOR - R&C Roofing Contractors Is Now Certainteed Surestart™ Certified! Now Offering 50 Year Non Pro-Rated Warranty Plus Special Online Discounts And Free Offers.
Our Roofing Contractors & Installation professionals have over 50 years of combined roofing experience and are capable of installing any product you choose.
Hawaii State Foundation On Culture and The Arts NOVEMBER 2016 Events Calendar
The Hawai'i State Art Museum is dedicated to presenting the largest and finest collection of works by Hawai'i artists that celebrate the diverse artistic and cultural legacy of Hawai'i.
Hawaiian Gold Jewelry Discount Sale 34% Off Entire Website!
Hawaii Gold Jewelry .com Sale has been has been launched . Take advantage of the great opportunity. Hawaiian Gold Jewelry..made in Hawaii. 30 Day Money Back Guarantee and free Shipping.!
132 Downtown - Chinatown Condos for Sale Map and Listings - 96813 Zip code - Honolulu Real Estate - Updated 10/29/2016
Downtown / Chinatown condos for sale. View interactive geographical map of condos for sale in Downtown / Chinatown - Honolulu, Hawaii. Photos, description, and much more.
Steer Clear Of Power Steering Problems - Video Tip - Midas Hawaii Auto Repair & Service
Why do I need to flush my Power Steering Fluid? Power steering flush services provide the great benefits. Watch video to learn more.
Hawaiian Gold Jewelry Watch Collection Video - Sale - Discount - Offers
Video of our Hawaiian gold jewelry watch collection and current sale/discount.
Belts and Hoses Video Tip - Midas Hawaii Auto Repair & Service - COUPONS
Don't Blow It! Replace Your Vehicle's Belts, Hoses Regularly. A blown hose could result in an overheated engine and can cause additional engine damage.
|The Perfect Tee Plastic Golf Tee Advantages and Features Video |
Video commercial on the advantages of Perfect Tee plastic golf tee. With the Perfect Tee, plastic golf tee, you can hit Straighter, more accurate, and longer drives!
Best Emergency Dental Services - Honolulu Ala Moana Waikiki - Watch Video / View Testimonials
Emergency dental services in the Honolulu, Ala Moana, Waikiki area. Our recent testimonials speak for themselves
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(Back to the top) - Great offers from sponsors who support the First Friday community
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World Scratch Map
This world map is based on the idea of the scratch card so you just scratch off the places you've been and bright colours will be revealed underneath. Scratch Map also includes facts about certain countries and cities. Fun for all the family! Measurements: 81.9cm x 58.2cm. Please note the print is not supplied framed.


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The Illinois Supreme Court on Friday refused to help the feuding parties in the contentious "Baby Richard" adoption case break their impasse, standing by its original order that the child should be turned over "forthwith" to the biological father he has never met.
The justices, without comment, refused a request by the adoptive parents, known as John and Jane Doe, to appoint Dr. Bennett Leventhal or another independent mental health expert to oversee the transfer of custody.
Leventhal, chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Chicago Hospitals, was a member of a team of mental health experts that had been working with the parties to develop a plan to transfer the 4-year-old boy from the only home he has ever known.
Those discussions broke down last week.
Loren Heinemann, attorney for the biological father, Otakar Kirchner, said Friday that he had no plans to forcibly remove the child from the Does' Schaumburg home this weekend or anytime soon.
Kirchner has had the authority to do so since Jan. 25, when the Illinois Supreme Court ordered the child turned over to him.
"We're going to see what happens," Heinemann said, when asked what his next move would be. "I want to see what their (the Does') reaction is" to Friday's developments.
Laura Kaster and Jerold Solovy, attorneys for the Does, would not return phone calls Friday.
Heinemann is awaiting word from the Illinois Supreme Court on his request that the justices direct the Cook County sheriff to enforce the Jan. 25 order.
If the justices do so and the Does still refuse to turn the child over, Heinemann said he would ask that the couple be held in contempt of court.
Meanwhile, the Does have asked the U.S. Supreme Court to reverse the Illinois Supreme Court ruling, allowing Richard to remain with them. Kirchner is scheduled to file a response to that request sometime next month.
Richard was given up for adoption four days after being born to Daniela Janikova, Kirchner's girlfriend, who told him the child had died. The two have since married. Kirchner began fighting for custody when the child was 6 months old.
An Illinois trial court judge and the court of appeals approved the adoption of Richard to the Does, arguing that Kirchner did not express enough interest in the child under the time period mandated by law.
But the Illinois Supreme Court last year invalidated the adoption, ruling Kirchner could not have asserted his parental rights any sooner. A series of subsequent legal maneuvers culminated when the court issued its Jan. 25 order for Kirchner to be given custody of Richard.

domain: law


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A cold hardy bird's nest fern suitable for growing in most parts of Australia. Can grow up to 1m wide and 1m high. An easy to look after pot plant or garden plant. The A. antiquum is hardier and more compact than the common bird's nest fern (A. nidus).
A hardy fast growing fern for shady spots in the garden. Its a great filler plant which is sure to add a touch of the tropics to your garden. Can also be grown in pots on patios out of direct sun. Similar to the Silver Lady, but with more open foliage.
A small fine-leafed fern with silvery white rhizomes that tend to creep along the surface of the soil or surround the pot that it is planted in. Highly suitable for hanging baskets to show off the matted web of silver white rhizomes.
An Australian native fern with dark green leathery fronds and long spreading hairy rhizomes. The low-growing spreading habit makes this fern ideal as a ground-cover or in hanging baskets. Will grow up trees in a shady humid spot. Very hardy.
A beautiful fern with blue-green foliage for shady spots in the garden. Can also be grown in pots or hanging baskets on patios out of direct sun.


Biocryptiology is the first and only company that integrates using a universal and impartial identification platform, our approach avoids dealing with phishing and impersonation, allowing secure transactions in any process.
Biocryptology is a Spanish-Dutch technology company that starts from a concept created by our Founder in Holland 10 years ago: to eliminate the dependence on password identification or the contrast of identification documents. For this we use the unique identifier inherent to each person, their biometric data associating them with their device and their user profile.
Our company first started designing advanced hardware devices for integrating biometric identification and payments.
Over time we have devised new innovative solutions that connects the digital and physical worlds, increasing security and availability for final users and entities.
What do we do?
We are a company dedicated to design technology solutions. Our goal is to enhance identification processes by using the biometric profiles stored in a device, either the user’s mobile phone or one of our proprietary hardware devices, having their own algorithm, that reaches the level of security required by the regulated industry.
Why do I have to use Biocryptology in my e-commerce or business?
The login process is free for all e-commerces and stores. We use the SaaS model to provide services beyond identification, at the same time we adapt to the needs of each client.
We provide an add-on for CMS or an API for a fast and easy integration. In case you need a custom-made development, we have designed our API.
We meet the required level of security, using either a mobile device, our proprietary devices, or even integrating with the e-commerce devices.
We have become a real omnichannel solution since we can identify users in online and offline environments with secure biometric level.
Saving costs in backoffice is inherent to the process, complying with all applicable regulations. Even users controls their profile information, avoiding thus problems with DGPR.
Changing the concept into solutions
SHARE YOUR IDEA WITH US
Let’s talk without any obligation


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Sensible vacationers do not sit in a travel agents workplace to plan their holidays anymore, they go to journey web sites to search out low cost airfare offers and e book their own low-cost flights. American Airlines started exchanging on the New York Stock Change on June 10, 1939. Bargain airways began to make cheap flights pay by selling a lot of ‘extras’. Inexpensive flight tickets are supplied by a number of airways such as IndiGo, Jet Airways, and SpiceJet amongst others.
Find the perfect worth on flights to our most popular locations from airports throughout Philippines. Personally, I feel that these days, economic problems aren’t a hindrance to go on a visit as a result of there are many choices that assist you to to be able to go to many cities all over the world.
Thai Airways was launched in 1960, and is a joint venture between Thai Airways Firm and Scandinavian Airlines System. Skyscanner compares tens of millions of flights to find you the most cost effective deal, quick. You’ll save loads by booking early and by matching your resort together with your tour package deal.
With Al Tayyar, search and examine flight tickets, ebook low-cost and convenient final-minute flights, one-manner flight and round trips. Trim tabs are very helpful to the pilot engaged in long flights and they are thought-about labour saving controls. Nevertheless if you are flexible on touring, the most effective time to e-book with the intention to get cheap air tickets will probably be one month and above.
Booking flight tickets has gone simpler with us, all it’s essential to do is, simply go browsing to , fill within the data and book home flight tickets on-line in minutes. For those who’re willing to make the compromise, then it can save you a big sum by reserving your flights with any of such price range airlines.

domain: travel


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It’s hard out there for a hippo. An international medical team was in the process of castrating Lieber, a five-year-old hippopotamus, as part of an effort to control population growth in the zoo where he lived. But his heart stopped after his second dose of anesthetic, given to repair a torn suture. A veterinarian tried jumping up and down on the animal to restart his heartbeat, but was unsuccessful.
The Israeli zoo has 40 hippos, which its spokeswoman says is the largest captive herd in the world, and to keep it under control, they castrate males who are feared will become too aggressive. The tragic video about the incident can be seen here.
Our take: a more effective, and far less tragic, way to control population might be to just keep fewer hippos.
Discoblog: Lather Up: New Sunscreen Could Be Inspired By Hippo Sweat
Image: Flickr / ike59de


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Strange But True!: Our Weird, Wild, Wonderful World (DK 1,000 Amazing Facts)
The bizarre beasts, incredible places, and peculiar phenomenons featured in this mind-blowing compendium are not just really weird - they're really real!
With more than 125,000 copies sold worldwide, this wacky encyclopedia explores our world’s most exciting oddities. Did you know there's a plant that eats mice? Or that you can dip your toe in a rainbow-colored river? From fiery tornadoes flying across the sky to huge sinkholes eating up the earth, each example is illustrated with jaw-dropping images and handy fast facts that provide the explanations behind the stories.
Whether it's geography, people, places, animals, plants, or weather, Strange But True! is the ideal book for curious young minds who are fascinated by our weird and wonderful world.
Praise for Strange But True!: Our Weird, Wild, Wonderful World (DK 1,000 Amazing Facts)
"This wide-ranging compilation offers intriguing glimpses of some of the more jaw-dropping sights Earth has to offer." — Publishers Weekly
"Vivid photographs steal the show and fast facts will pique student interest in the world's marvels." — School Library Journal

domain: library