|Publication number||US4679627 A|
|Application number||US 06/813,472|
|Publication date||Jul 14, 1987|
|Filing date||Dec 26, 1985|
|Priority date||Aug 12, 1985|
|Publication number||06813472, 813472, US 4679627 A, US 4679627A, US-A-4679627, US4679627 A, US4679627A|
|Inventors||William M. Harrison|
|Original Assignee||Harrison William M|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (21), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present application is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 764,718, filed Aug. 12, 1985 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,648,449
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to a method of recovering petroleum fluids from an underground reservoir. More specifically, it pertains to a method of recovering petroleum fluids particularly suited for recovering petroleum fluids retained in the reservoir after the production zone is watered out.
2. Description of the Prior Art
After an oil field is abandoned, fifty-two percent of the original oil (on a national average) remains trapped in the reservoir. Before secondary and tertiary recovery methods were developed to recover additional petroleum fluids trapped in the oil-bearing formation after initial production, this percentage was even higher, e.g. seventy percent.
There are several secondary and tertiary recovery methods utilized today. One of these is called "water flooding". In water flooding, water is pumped into the formation and pushes some of the remaining oil sideways instead of upward. Although water flooding may double production from a reservoir, the water must be clean, treated with bacteriacides and slimacides to prevent plugging. In addition, scale inhibitors may be required. The cost of water flooding may exceed $1 per barrel of water injected and may require a volume of water equal to twenty times the volume of oil displaced thereby.
Another secondary or tertiary method of production involves the introduction of gas during primary production. The gas replaces the oil as it is produced, maintaining a fairly steady water/oil contact. The oil in the gaseous region trickles down to the production zone. This method is primarily used with light crudes and is considered to be a rather poor recovery method.
An outmoded and seldom used secondary recovery method is burning gas by a downhole heater at the well face and forcing the hot gases into heavy oil zones to thin the oil for better production.
In steam injection, steam is injected into the formation. As the steam condenses, it gives off heat which thins the oil resulting in greater production. This method is widely used for heavy crudes. It may be considered a modified hot water flood.
In another method, carbon dioxide is injected into a reservoir. The carbon dioxide is dissolved, increasing the volume of the oil by about thirteen percent and also thinning the oil. This method requires as much as 12,000 to 20,000 cubic feet of carbon dioxide per barrel of oil (5.6 cubic feet per barrel). Although ten to fifteen percent more oil is recovered, this method is used only moderately today.
In a method similar to carbon dioxide injection, exhaust combustion gases are injected into the reservoir. Exhaust gases contain carbon dioxide and about ninety percent nitrogen which has little use other than as a heat carrier. This method is seldom used today.
In another method, solvent, frequently heated, is injected into the reservoir. By this method, a mixture of solvent and oil is obtained which is less viscous than the oil. This method is used with crudes which are almost tars.
Another recovery method is fire flooding. In fire flooding, air is injected into the reservoir and the reservoir is burned. Approximately thirteen percent of the oil is burned to recover the rest. The weight of air pumped into the reservoir exceeds the weight of oil produced. Furthermore, the heat produced by fire flooding can melt the sand in the formation into glass. Acids formed by this method may also destroy well casings. Fire flooding is normally limited to a maximum depth of about 3000 feet. Both light and heavy ends of the oil are burned. The middle fraction is cracked or oxidized to organic acids.
A popular method of recovery today is the detergent flooding method. In this method, detergents and possibly caustic and/or sacrificial materials are introduced in a water flow. Under ideal conditions, three barrels of water and one pound of detergent will produce one barrel of oil. In a related method, caustic water may be injected into formation. Caustic reacts with naphthenic acids in the oils to form detergents in situ. In this method, clays may create a problem.
An expensive and seldom used method is polymer flooding. Since the viscosity of oil is much higher than water, water often fingers into production wells and once a clear channel is formed, little oil is formed. In polymer flooding, high molecular weight water soluble polymers are injected into the formation to give a bank ahead of the water flood. This equalizes viscosities and produces more of the by-passed oil.
The search continues for more efficient and less expensive methods of recovering oil.
In the present invention, a method of recovering petroleum fluids from an underground reservoir is disclosed which comprises the initial step of injecting into the reservoir a substantially water insoluble gas which may or may not be oil soluble. If the initial gas is not soluble in oil, a second gas needs to be added. This gas may be soluble in either oil or water, or in both. At this point, the gas/water contact has become gas/oil/water so that the water leg no longer acts as a thief for water soluble gases. The soluble gases dissolve into their solute reservoir fluids. The formation is then treated with one or more compression waves or soundwaves of from one shock wave to fifty thousand cycles per second. This causes the dissolved gases to come out of solution, forcing the entrapped fluids of the reservoir to come out of the capillaries and be produced. The released gases then are redissolved into the freshly exposed oil zone and the cycle repeated until most of the oil is produced.
The method of the present invention is unique in that: only about one pore volume of gas is used; it may be static instead of a dynamic method; in a relatively short period of time the field is producing as if it were primary production; it is cheap; the oil remains substantially the same; substantially higher recovery rates are obtained over present methods with fewer problems.
Thus, the recovery method of the present invention is cheaper, easier to perform and more efficient than the recovery methods of the prior art. Many objects and advantages of the invention will be seen when reading the description which follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of an underground reservoir in which residual petroleum fluids are being removed by a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective representation of a tetrahedral capsule or cup in which oil may be trapped between sand particles in a watered out petroleum reservoir; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic in which tetrahedral capsules between sand particles in a reservoir are represented as an array of cups for purposes of illustrating the present invention.
Referring first to FIG. 1, several strata of earth are shown, including an oil-bearing or petroleum reservoir R sandwiched between a lower or basement formation B and an upper or cap formation C. The usual reservoir R originally consisted of sand and water capped by an impervious formation. However, at some time in history, oil seaps into the reservoir R replacing much of the water. The bottom formation B and cap formation C are usually much more impermeable strata acting to retain the oil and water in the reservoir R.
As shown in FIG. 1, the reservoir R is usually penetrated by drilling and completing a well 1 into the reservoir R. The well extends to the surface S and initially may produce oil through a wellhead 2 into a storage tank 3 or pipeline (not shown) at the surface S. There may be enough gas pressure in reservoir R to initially force the oil to the surface. In other cases, pumps 2a may be required. After a period of time, the well 1 may cease to produce an economical amount of oil.
In the recovery of the method of the present invention, another well 4 may be drilled so as to penetrate at least the upper portion of the reservoir R for the introduction of gas. Alternatively, gas may be introduced through existing production wells or through separate conduits in the well 1, as a dual completion. In such case, gas would be introduced in the top of the formation and oil produced from a lower part of the formation. However, for purposes of illustration, the recovery method of the present invention will be discussed with reference to a second well 4.
The gas may be injected into the reservoir R through the well 4 by gas compressor 5. The gas initially injected should be substantially water-insoluble gas such as hydrocarbon gases, combustion gases, nitrogen and air. The gases may be injected as is or heated if it is necessary to reduce the viscosity of the oil in the reservoir R such as in the case of heavy crudes. The gas may be injected from the surface S as shown in FIG. 1 or from gas reservoirs beneath the surface S. Air can be injected for downhole ignition as in fire flooding to obtain nitrogen, carbon dioxide and heat.
As the gas is injected a gas cap 6 may form in the reservoir R forcing water 7 and oil 8 toward the bottom of the reservoir R. Due to the characteristics of oil and water, at least some oil 8 will form in the interface between the gas 6 and water 7. At this point, it may be desirable to inject gas which is soluble in water or oil or both water and oil in place of water insoluble gas. These gases may be selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.
In shallow fields the average porosity of the reservoir R will be from eighteen to twenty-three percent and the water leg 7 will have a surface area equal to about twenty percent of the isopac (field area). The surface area of the sand in the reservoir will run about one thousand times the surface area of the water leg per foot of thickness. So for a reservoir of twenty feet thickness, the surface area of the same will be one hundred thousand times that of the surface area of the water leg 7. For this reason, one can consider losses to the water leg as negligible. Most of the free water is replaced by gases.
For an explanation of the phenomenum of the recovery method of the present invention, the sand particles in reservoir R may be considered as spheres. The points of contact may be considered as tetrahedrals (four-sided triangle with curved sides). The oil is suspended in these tetrahedral clusters (see 30-41 in FIG. 2) as spherical globules. Especially with heavier crudes, when the specific gravity of oil and water are close, there is little flotation energy to rupture surface tension so as to allow the oil to escape the tetrahedral capsules 30-41.
We will now consider what happens to the oil upon injection of the gases into the reservoir R. The first case considered is the case in which light hydrocarbon gases are injected into the reservoir R. Although light hydrocarbon gases are considered water-insoluble, they will to a limited degree dissolve in water. However, they dissolve in oil to a much higher degree. Therefore, the gases will pass through any water and enter the globules of oil, swelling it slightly. This changes the specific gravity of the oil slightly.
In another case, after injection of the water insoluble light hydrocarbon gases, a water and oil soluble gas such as carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide may be injected. In this case, the light hydrocarbon gases act as in the previous case but the carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide enters both the water phase and the oil phase extensively and gets to the hard-to-get oil.
In still another case, a water insoluble light hydrocarbon gas may be injected and then a water soluble gas such as ammonia may be injected. The hydrocarbon gas will act as in the previous cases. The ammonia gas will enter the water phase but being basic will act with the naphthenic acids of the oil to form surfactants, lowering the surface tension of the oil, and when coming out of solution, it pushes the oil and water out.
In still another case, a water insoluble gas insoluble in either water or oil, e.g. nitrogen, air or flue gases, is introduced along with an oil soluble gas, a water soluble gas or a gas soluble in both water and oil.
The soluble gases go into solution in the reservoir fluids. The reservoir is now analogous to a giant can of carbonated cola, which when shaken, causes cola to spew all over. The reservoir may be shaken in many ways. For example, wells may be opened to release gas pressure and start the water leg moving upward. The wells are then closed quickly. The water leg continues upward compressing the gas and then it is shoved back, releasing the pressure. This is called "draw-down". Water may be dropped downhole suddenly into the water leg to give a sudden pressure surge and release. This compression and decompression is heard as sound. An explosion will produce a single high peaked sound followed by rapidly declining smaller peaks. The height of the peaks will diminish as the radius of the circle from the source increases.
If the pressure wave has a fixed frequency, the wave becomes a standing wave and the amplitude becomes greater and greater. This is like taking a board swing and pushing it with one finger every time it comes back to you. Soon the swing will have enough energy to knock someone out who accidently steps into its path.
The release of gases from solution is called cavitation and the pressure differential can be several hundred atmospheres. It is so strong that on high speed propellers of boats, it will actually tear metal out of the propeller.
"Sound" generators may be placed in the reservoir R through the well 1 or at the surface S. There are many types of sound generators which may be utilized. It is not the purpose of the present invention to espouse a particular type of soundwave generation, there being a number commercially available or adaptable from commercially available generators. However, a few types available are: clappers free pistons, whistles, barium titanate crystals for fixed frequencies and magnorestrictive devices, e.g. loudspeakers. The sound generators should be equipped with gyroscopes to keep them aligned when going downhole and are preferably capable of tilting or turning upon command.
As indicated in FIG. 1, the reservoir R can be viewed as a sandwich of a porous medium R sandwiched between two non-porous media, the cap formation C and bottom formation B. These formations, cap C and bottom B, act as excellent walls for sound to bounce off as it is propagated through the reservoir R.
"Soundwaves" have different shapes. An explosion will produce a "soundwave" having a major peak following by diminishing peaks of lower intensity and broader base. "Soundwaves" of fixed frequency are sometimes pictured as simple sine waves with no motion at the nodes and great motion in the wave. Soundwaves may be square waves, sawtooth waves and pulsed waves. In the present invention, it is recommended but not required that square waves be used so that there will be maximum motion in all areas of the reservoir.
"Soundwaves" travel in straight lines and bend only if deflected. Therefore, care should be used in placing the sound generators for best deflection. For example, the generators should not be placed so that sections of the reservoir are blocked by shale lenses which may be present in the reservoir R. The "sound" generators may be placed in the upper portion of reservoir R. They may be placed in, above or below, the overlying cap C or the bottom formation B. They may be placed anywhere in the reservoir R, in the gas cap 6, the oil zone 8 or water leg 7. They may be placed in a shale lens within the reservoir R so that the lens acts as a giant sounding board. There may be one or more generators used simultaneously or not.
It is recommended that the sound be generated for a period of time (soundwaves indicated by 10 and 11) then ceased to allow gas to penetrate freshly exposed oil surfaces. After the soluble gases have been absorbed, the reservoir R may again be subjected to soundwaves. Thus, the soundwaves may be generated and stopped at repeated intervals of time. The frequency at which the sound is generated may vary from a single compression to fifty thousand cycles per second. In practice, a frequency of from fifty cycles to thirty thousand cycles per second is recommended. The reservoir R may be subjected to a single frequency or the frequency may be varied from time to time. This allows vibrations at the nodes of other frequencies and gives a better sweep pattern.
Let us now examine just what effect these "soundwaves" have on the reservoir R. FIG. 2 shows what the voids in the formation look like. We can consider them to be a series of tetrahedrals (four sided, all concave). They can be considered to be as a series of cups 30-41 mounted on a wheel with their tops turned in (see FIG. 3). Each cup is similar to either the top cup 30 or the bottom cup 31 to a degree. That degree is illustrated by the part similar to the top cup 30 being shown as black, representing oil o, and the bottom 31 as lined, representing water w. The black zone in these cups in the upper half are closed in by the cup. In the bottom, they are closed in by the mouth of the cup.
When a reservoir has initially started producing, water from the water leg rises. If the oil is thin, most of the oil in the bottom cups floats out. Perhaps some of the lined zones of the upper cups are also produced. If a water flood is used, the oil from the lined zones of the upper cups and oil from the lower cups are produced. If the oil is thick, most of the oil in the cups remains behind. A waterflood is ineffective for heavy crudes.
When the water leg advances the pressure is uniform across the face of the reservoir. However, production is only at the wells drilled in the field. The resistance to the oil being produced is due to the viscosity of the oil, which is higher than the water. Therefore, the oil beneath the production wells flows into the well faster than the oil farther out (shorter distance, less amount of viscous fluid). The result is that when the well waters out, pendent oil, primary in nature, hangs down in loops much like a rope suspended from well to well. The more viscous the oil the deeper the loop. This is called "coning". In a water flood, water is injected in a pattern, often as a "five spot," four wells in a square with a fifth in the center. You can either pump down the outer four wells and produce out of the center one or vice versa. The lined portions (w) of the cups plus the black (o) of the bottom cups are produced in the thinner oils as a bank of oil that will eventually break through to the production well after three to four pore volumes of water are introduced. With heavy crudes breakthrough occurs again. The black zones of the upper cups remain untouched. In a thick oil, one will be fortunate to produce the black zones of the bottom cups and the lined zones of the upper cups.
In the method of the present invention, a water insoluble gas is introduced in the top of the formation. It spreads out over the face of the formation, forcing the water leg downward. With a light crude, most of the bottom cups are full of water; the upper cups are full of oil. As the gas/water interface moves downward, oil from the lined upper cups flows downwardly only to be trapped in the empty black zones of the bottom cups. Therefore, the oil produced during this phase is only minimal. Now an oil soluble gas, such as light hydrocarbons (if they have not already been used in water insoluble gas) may be injected or a water/oil soluble gas, e.g. carbon dioxide, or a water soluble gas such as ammonia may be injected.
These gases dissolve into the reservoir fluids much like gas in absorption oil of a natural gasoline plant. When hit by "sonic" vibrations, the gases come out of the fluids. In the upper cups the gas rises to the top of the cup and forces the oil and water out. The displaced water from the upper cup replaces the oil in the black zone of the lower cups. The oil flows quickly downward on a film of cascading water. Surface tension and gravity quickly spread the oil out downward once the water film has been pierced by the oil globule.
When the oil travels downward, it may reach constrictions and accumulate. If only an oil soluble gas has been used in the treatment, the oil will film across the face of the upper cups. The oil soluble gas will start dissolving in the oil and suck it up into the upper cups. However, if part of the gases are both oil and water insoluble, only the oil soluble gas will be replaced and the residual air or nitrogen will hold the oil as a thin film acorss the tetrahedral faces.
Now consider the thick oil in an unconsolidated reservoir of a well drilled into a small reservoir on its flank. There is attic oil that is difficult to get by present methods. This oil is primary oil. When gas is injected, a gas cap is formed below the oil zone. This is an inverted gas cap. The bottom cups are full of water, the upper cups are full of oil. Treatment with oil soluble gases, as before, forces the oil and water out of the upper cups. The oil is more viscous than the water, so when the gases come out of solution in the bottom cups, the oil, because of its greater viscosity, will puff up like a can of shaving cream and overflow downward. Steam may be introduced to lower the viscosity of the crude and to fill the bottom cups with hot water in the newly exposed zones. If each treatment only pushes out 1/4 inch of oil per cycle every hour, one week would yield 31/2feet of oil production; two weeks would yield seven feet of production, etc.
With a tight formation or a consolidated heavy crude formation, fractures near the top of the formation may be used to introduce gas. The bottom can also be fractured near the oil/water interface if that zone is of lower permeability. The gas cap going down minimizes residual oil banks. Production is similar to that of the previous method.
With heavy crudes it may be desirable to use solvents to reduce the viscosity. These may be added ahead of gases. The use of high frequency vibrations aid in the dissolving of the crude into the solvent. They may be run continuously, but since the rate of sinking of the interface is so slow, it can be used intermediately. The resulting mixture has a lower viscosity and can therefore be more easily moved out of capillaries.
The recovery method of the present invention has been described with reference to FIG. 1, illustrating a rather common type of formation. Of course, there are many types of formations from which petroleum fluids are produced. The reservoir may have two zones of production, an upper less permeable zone and a lower more permeable zone. The upper zone may be fractured and gases injected through a well and introduced into the fracture forcing the oil and water down into the more porous zone where the oil can be produced through the first well or another well.
In a reverse situation the reservoir has an upper more permeable zone and a lower less permeable zone. The less permeable lower zone may be fractured. Gas may be introduced into the more permeable zone through a well and the oil driven down into the fractured portion of the less permeable zone for production through the first well or another well.
In another scenario, the entire formation of the reservoir may be tight. This tight formation may be fractured at the upper part of the formation and at the bottom part of the formation. Gas may be injected through a well and the upper fracture into the upper part of the reservoir driving the oil into the well through the lower fractured area. Or, gas may be injected through the first well into the upper fracture and oil driven into the lower fracture for production through a separate well.
In all of the scenarios described above, a substantially water-insoluble gas is first injected into the reservoir. This may or may not be oil soluble. If it is not oil soluble, then a water soluble or oil soluble gas or water and oil soluble gas must be introduced. The "soundwaves" are generated at the reservoir and directed into the reservoir to release the petroleum fluids retained therein. Finally, the petroleum fluids released are produced through a well communicating with the reservoir. As mentioned, as soon as enough water-insoluble gas is injected into the reservoir and a water/gas interface is formed, water or water and oil soluble gas may be substituted with the water insoluble gas. As also mentioned, the soundwaves generated may be at a frequency of from a single compression wave to fifty thousand cycles per second and the frequency may be constant or it may be varied. In practice, it is expected that the generation of of soundwaves should be conducted for a period of time which is short relative to the period of time for production and that soundwaves would be generated for a period of time, ceased and repeated after intervals of time.
Utilizing the recovery method of the present invention, ninety-five percent of a 22 API gravity and eighty-six percent of a 12 API gravity crude has been recovered. This is a substantial increase over the recovery method of the prior art. In addition, since about one pore volume of gas is all that is required, as opposed to from three to twenty pore volumes of driving fluids required by prior art recovery methods, the cost of recovery is greatly reduced. Thus, recovery efficiency is much greater and cost of recovery is much less.
To demonstrate and substantiate the theory of the method of the present invention, a lab test was performed in the following manner. First a one-inch diameter steel pipe, four feet in length, was vertically disposed. The top of the pipe was closed and provided with a pressure gauge, safety valve and upper flow valve. The bottom of the pipe was attached to a downwardly and outwardly diverging inverted cone, the lower and opened end of which was closed by a metal diaphragm. A lower flow valve was attached to the pipe column near the bottom thereof. Then, 20-40 mesh Ottawa sand was introduced into the pipe column and the pipe column subjected to vibrations to settle the sand. The column contained a total of 1768.0 grams of sand with 466.3 grams being to the level of the lower valve.
Then, water was introduced through the lower valve to the top of the sand, giving 420 ml. of a pore space of 23.74%. 26.36% of the sand was below the exit port of the lower valve. Therefore, 309.3 ml. of water was above the lower valve. Oil was then introduced onto the top of the water through the upper flow valve and the water allowed to drain out of the lower valve, pulling the oil after it. A total of 252 ml. of oil was introduced, giving an oil saturation or 81.5%. The oil was introduced at 70° F. over a two-week period. To simulate a condition after steam flooding, the apparatus was heated to 140° F.
Then, water was introduced via the lower valve to yield primary plus secondary production (secondary considered water to oil ratio of 20:1 which is negligible with a viscous oil). The yield was 52 ml. of oil or 20.6% recovery.
Next, the water was allowed to exit via the lower valve with nitrogen replacing the water. One milliliter (ml.) of oil was produced. To study the effect of heat, the column was allowed to cool to 70° F. and 14 psi of propane was introduced and allowed to stand overnight. The reservoir was then heated to 140° F. again and allowed to stand forty-eight hours. One milliliter (ml.) of oil was produced.
Next, the column was recharged with 14 psi of 50/50 propane/nitrogen and a loudspeaker directly below the metal diaphragm was activated using 1120 Hz at 0.5 amps at five minutes per hour for four hours per day for two days (eight vibration periods). The resulting recovery was 75.8 ml. or 30% to give a total of 50.6% oil recovery. Then, the column was recharged with propane at 14 psi and the soundwave generation repeated. This yielded an additional 28.7 ml. of oil or 11.4% for a total of 62.0% of oil recovery.
To test higher frequency, the column was then treated or recharged with 50% nitrogen and 50% propane and subjected to a sound generation frequency of 20 KHz for twenty hours at five minutes per hour and at 20 amps power. Eight milliliters (ml.) of oil was recovered, for a total recovery of 65%.
To see if oil was being held in the bottom cups by oil breaking to the surface via swelling but not being displaced by in situ water being produced via this method, a water flood was introduced. The yield was only one milliliter (ml.) of oil.
To test to see if some of the oil was too viscous for the gas to penetrate, 30 ml. of mineral spirits was introduced and the water allowed to drip out of the lower valve while 20 KHz of 20 amp power was being continuously applied, thus using the shearing action of the soundwaves to dissolve the crude in the solvent. Only one milliliter (ml.) of oil was produced via the lower valve.
Next, the apparatus was repressured with propane to give a 50/50 mixture of air and propane. Sound was produced at 550 Hz at 0.5 amps and five minutes. Subtracting the 30 ml of mineral spirits, the resulting oil was 8.5 ml or 3.8% more. At this point 69% of the oil was recovered.
At this point, it was apparent that the remaining oil was trapped in the top cups and that the propane was not soluble enough to eject the oil. Then, carbon dioxide, which is soluble in both water and oil, was injected. A 50/50 propane/carbon dioxide mixture was injected at 140° F. at a pressure of 14 psi and sound generated five minutes per hour for a five hour period. The yield was 32.3 ml. of oil and 7 ml. of water, the total oil recovery now being 81.8%. The lower amount of water being produced was significant because carbon dioxide did not blow water out of the bottom cup as in the sudden release of pressure in drawdown experiments and evidently some mineral spirits had entered the top cups, forcing in situ water out.
The same run was repeated for nine hours at a time to give 6.3 ml. of oil or 2.5% for a total of 84.3%. The oil was thin, indicating it had mineral spirits in it. Eight milliliters (ml.) of water was recovered.
Fifteen milliliters (ml.) lighter fluid was then added and capped with 10 ml. water. The column was then pressurized (71/2psi carbon dioxide and 71/2psi propane) and subjected to 20,000 Hz at 20 amps for four hours, producing 20 cc light oil and hydrocarbon vapors for a total yield of 86.3%. This was to test to see if a light hydrocarbon (which tends to condense in the many crevices of the sand) could be added and later recovered. Such light hydrocarbons can be utilized to produce attic oil and may be introduced without a water flood, acting much like steam. They may also be heated. Injection patterns could be like a series of half-circles whose bottoms are flattened out because hot gases tend to stay at the top of the formation. The injection of an oil or heavier solvent into the gas cap would result in either a series of cones with tips at the injection wells or they would form a globule of oil around the injection well held in place by gases. The cones would be rather broad because in most reservoirs horizontal permeability is much greater than vertical permeability. Vibrations would disperse this condition.
In a blowdown experiment, 1031 grams of sand with 273 ml. of water pore space (above the lower valve) was charged with 214 grams of oil (12 API gravity) and externally heated. Primary production was 33.4%. Using nitrogen followed by propane pressured to 14 psi and suddenly released, 26.4% more recovery was obtained. A second charge of nitrogen and propane yielded an additional 14.9%. Utilizing carbon dioxide for the gas, an additional 1.4%, for a total yield of 76.1% was obtained.
The tests utilizing solvents to increase recovery of 12 API gravity oil indicated that the sand appeared to be partially oil-wet. Oil in oil-wet sands is hydrogen bonded to the oxygen in the sand (SiO2) The hydrogen ion is relatively fluffy and if it can be pried away from the oxygen and replaced with the more compact sodium ion, the hydrogen bonding can be eliminated. For this reason, the oil wet sands may be flooded with a salt solution or any other solution rich in sodium ions. The sodium ion is much more compact than the fluffy hydrogen ion. By flooding with, for example, a three percent salt solution, the hydrogen ion can be replaced by the compact sodium ion so that the oil tends to be balled up and is released for production. In an actual lab test, an additional yield of 9 ml. of oil was obtained, bringing the total oil produced to approximately 90%.
In a continuing portion of this test, the brine or salt solution was dropped in the tube and the sand pack pressurized with a 50/50 mixture of air and carbon dioxide. The sands were then subjected to 20,000 Hz at 10 amps for 5 minutes/hour for six hours. 3 grams of oil were recovered. A repeat of this procedure yielded an additional 3 grams of oil for a total of 92% production. Since a better result had been expected, the tube was opened for checking. The sands appeared to be light tan in color and dry. Upon sharp rapping of the tube with a hammer, the sands flowed out of the tube through the exit port as if dry. However, below the exit port the sands contained crude oil. It became clear that what happened had been that in filling the tube, the bottom had been filled with sand and water to the exit port and weighed. The tube had then been filled with sand to its entirety. The water below the exit port had been drawn up above the port and water added through the exit port was filled to the top. Air had been trapped below the exit port. The descending oil, being very viscous, had kept the air in place. Only when most of the water and oil had been replaced by gas and the vibrations started, did the air go up and the oil come down. This also accounted for the poor showing of propane saturation. However, this did show that the inverted gas cap works. Based upon the color of the sands, it was estimated that 5% of the oil had been lost below the exit port. When the tube was opened, two sharp taps with a hammer released all the reservoir sands. They were dry and almost white.
In order to better study the effect of this process upon oil wet sands, a plug of plaster of Paris topped with solder and epoxy sealant was introduced just below the exit port. The tube was then charged with 1100 grams of dry 20-40 mesh Ottawa sand. 215.8 grams of 22 API gravity crude was introduced through the exit port to fill the pore spaces of the dry sand. Then water was introduced through the exit port to simulate primary production. 36.9 grams of oil was obtained before water breakthrough, indicating 16.68% primary production. Then air was allowed to enter the top and the exit port opened. This simulated the use of an expanding gas cap, after primary production. 156.9 grams of oil was recovered to increase the total production to 72.71%.
Next, carbon dioxide was introduced at a pressure of 1/2 atmosphere, giving a 1/3 carbon dioxide concentration. Then the column was subjected to vibrations of 400 Hz at 0.2 amps for 10 minutes/hour for a period of eight hours. 23.3 ml. of oil was recovered (10.66% yield) for a total of 83.5% recovery. The time was changed from 5 minutes/ hour to 10 minutes/hour to study the effect of detergent methods on the process.
Since carbon dioxide (CO2) was utilized as the soluble gas, caustic agents, e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxides, phosphates, borates, or silicates, could not be used as spontaneous emulsifiers. Although sacrificial materials could be utilized, it was decided to use brackish brine to limit plating out of the non-ionic detergent. Thus, one gram of salt and one gram of nonylphenol with five moles of ethylene oxide (Triton X-100) was added to 300 grams of water. 20 ml. of this detergent solution was then charged into the top of the tube and gas pressured with a 50/50 mixture of air and carbon dioxide. The tube was subjected to vibrations of 20 Hz at 0.2 amps for 10 minutes/hour for an eight hour treatment.
Theoretically, the detergent should scrub the sands, the vibrations replacing the spontaneous emulsifiers during the 10 minute time period. During the remaining 50 minutes of each hour, the carbon dioxide should dissolve into the solution and when vibrations start up again, the carbon dioxide should come out of the solution, ejecting the detergent downward to lodge in other crevices where it starts cleaning again. Salt prevents plating out of the non-ionic detergent via hydrogen bonding. Theoretically, the one-tenth pore volume of liquid into the gas cap should be lost. However, it was not. The yield was 10 ml. of water (with detergent in it) and 5.7 grams of oil. This additional 2.31% yield of oil made the total recovery 86.14%. While this percentage of oil was relatively low, the oil/water ratio was higher than the ideal 3 to 1 detergent to oil ratio strived for in today's detergent methods. While a non-ionic detergent was utilized, the invention is not so limited. Cationic, anionic and amphorteric detergents may also be used.
When this experiment was run, it was thought that the detergent used would form a stable emulsion and if the oil content was too high, the emulsion might even invert to form a water in oil mixture that would be very viscous. Therefore, a detergent of nonylphenol with ten moles of ethylene oxide added was next used. This detergent emulsifies the crude but the emulsion quickly breaks at this salt concentration. Thus, the action will be the detergent removing the oil from the sand and then breaking it out at the water/gas interface. This resulted in an additional 10 grams of water and 12 grams of oil (5.56% yield) for a total recovery of 91.7%.
Next, 20 ml. of solvent was added to the top of the column and the column subjected to vibrations of 200 Hz at 0.2 amps for 10 minutes/hour for six hours. This resulted in a recovery of 5 ml. of water and 35 ml. of oil. Subtracting 20 ml for the solvent, the net gain was 15 ml. of oil. This is 13.37 grams of oil (6.2% yield) for a total of 97.9% recovery.
Of course, it is easy to add these materials in a lab experiment directly into the tube. However, in the field, the detergent would be added via detergent in oil in a water flood, micellular mixtures floated in on top of a water flood or steam could be injected to form a water barrier across the top of the formation and detergent floated onto the top of the barrier. Still another way would be to have a small gas cap on top of the water flood and inject detergents slowly into the gas cap. It would flow across the surface of the water leg with little mixing because the gas route has less resistance to lateral flow than the water leg. In any event, the lab results show that the use of these solvents and detergents in unconsolidated sands with vibrations is much more efficient than without.
The high yields of these methods indicate that the invention may be used to recover even heavier crudes. The use of hot solvents or ambient temperature solvents coupled or not coupled with "sonic" vibrations to load the solvents with crude is suggested. The use of inert gases plus oil or oil/water followed by sonic vibrations would recover solvent normally lost in the reservoir.
These experiments indicated that hydrocarbon gases alone or in conjunction with nitrogen are effective in producing oil, but the use of water and oil soluble gases such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide in conjunction with a water insoluble gas results in a better yield. Thus, the laboratory experiment indicated that the recovery method of the present invention is a viable one and that it will result in greater recovery of petroleum fluids from a reservoir in a practical and cost efficient manner.
Although several examples of use of the method of recovering petroleum fluids of the present invention have been described herein, many other variations are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope of the invention be limited only by the claims which follow.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US3279538 *||Feb 28, 1963||Oct 18, 1966||Shell Oil Co||Oil recovery|
|US3401748 *||Oct 26, 1966||Sep 17, 1968||Phillips Petroleum Co||Oil recovery method using an aqueous detergent composition|
|US3405762 *||Jul 14, 1966||Oct 15, 1968||Gulf Research Development Co||Well stimulation by solvent injection|
|US3422894 *||Jun 5, 1967||Jan 21, 1969||Brandon Clarence W||Method of treating and producing fluids from reservoirs of variable permeability|
|US3525400 *||Nov 18, 1968||Aug 25, 1970||Pan American Petroleum Corp||Method for decreasing water production by gas injection in a single well operation|
|US3754598 *||Nov 8, 1971||Aug 28, 1973||Phillips Petroleum Co||Method for producing a hydrocarbon-containing formation|
|US3794114 *||Apr 20, 1972||Feb 26, 1974||Brandon C||Use of liquefiable gas to control liquid flow in permeable formations|
|US4417621 *||Oct 28, 1981||Nov 29, 1983||Medlin William L||Method for recovery of oil by means of a gas drive combined with low amplitude seismic excitation|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5147535 *||Dec 5, 1990||Sep 15, 1992||Ieg Industrie-Engineering Gmbh||Arrangement for driving out of volatile impurities from ground water using vibrations|
|US5396955 *||Nov 22, 1993||Mar 14, 1995||Texaco Inc.||Method to selectively affect permeability in a reservoir to control fluid flow|
|US5660231 *||Feb 24, 1995||Aug 26, 1997||Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Zakrytogo Tipa "Biotekinvest"||Method of producing hydrocarbons from subterranean formations|
|US6321840 *||Mar 10, 1999||Nov 27, 2001||Texaco, Inc.||Reservoir production method|
|US6405796 *||Oct 30, 2000||Jun 18, 2002||Xerox Corporation||Method for improving oil recovery using an ultrasound technique|
|US6988552||Jun 19, 2003||Jan 24, 2006||Conocophillips Company||Liquid carbon dioxide cleaning of wellbores and near-wellbore areas|
|US7216712||Dec 10, 2003||May 15, 2007||Praxair Technology, Inc.||Treatment of oil wells|
|US7905684||Oct 6, 2006||Mar 15, 2011||Odd Bernhard Torkildsen||Offshore power plant|
|US8062510||Mar 9, 2007||Nov 22, 2011||M-I Production Chemicals Uk Limited||Hydrocarbon recovery techniques|
|US8113278||Feb 10, 2009||Feb 14, 2012||Hydroacoustics Inc.||System and method for enhanced oil recovery using an in-situ seismic energy generator|
|US8215392 *||Jul 10, 2012||Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College||Gas-assisted gravity drainage (GAGD) process for improved oil recovery|
|US20030141073 *||Jan 9, 2003||Jul 31, 2003||Kelley Terry Earl||Advanced gas injection method and apparatus liquid hydrocarbon recovery complex|
|US20040256104 *||Jun 19, 2003||Dec 23, 2004||Conocophillips Company||Liquid carbon dioxide cleaning of wellbores and near-wellbore areas|
|US20050126784 *||Dec 10, 2003||Jun 16, 2005||Dan Dalton||Treatment of oil wells|
|US20060289157 *||Apr 7, 2006||Dec 28, 2006||Rao Dandina N||Gas-assisted gravity drainage (GAGD) process for improved oil recovery|
|US20070209970 *||Mar 9, 2007||Sep 13, 2007||M-I Llc||Hydrocarbon recovery techniques|
|US20080128135 *||Nov 9, 2007||Jun 5, 2008||Daniel Paul Dalton||Dehydrating treatment of oil and gas wells|
|US20100071606 *||Oct 6, 2006||Mar 25, 2010||Odd Bernhard Torkildsen||Offshore power plant|
|US20140224483 *||Sep 21, 2012||Aug 14, 2014||Champion Technologies Inc.||Hydrocarbon mobility and recovery through in-situ combustion with the addition of ammonia|
|WO2007106421A1||Mar 12, 2007||Sep 20, 2007||M-I Production Chemicals Uk Limited||Hydrocarbon recovery techniques|
|WO2008041856A1 *||Oct 6, 2006||Apr 10, 2008||Odd Bernhard Torkildsen||Offshore power plant|
|U.S. Classification||166/249, 166/305.1, 166/177.1|
|International Classification||E21B43/00, E21B43/16|
|Cooperative Classification||E21B43/003, E21B43/168|
|European Classification||E21B43/00C, E21B43/16G2|
|Jan 7, 1991||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 1, 1994||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 14, 1998||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


Behind the Groove host Radio Basim and Funk Center exhibit coordinator Hadley Drodge join WYSO Music Director Niki Dakota in the studio to talk about Dayton's funk legacy and the new exhibit on-site at the Dayton Metro Library's newly opened Northwest Branch.
Funk legend Greg Jackson will return to the Miami Valley for a live performance at Gilly's. Behind the Groove host Radio Basim caught up with Jackson ahead of his visit to talk about the funk, Jackson's time performing with Zapp and more.
Leroy "Sugarfoot" Bonner, frontman for the hit-making funk music band the Ohio Players, has died in southwest Ohio. He was 69.
A spokeswoman for a Dayton-area funeral home confirms he died Saturday and says the family has not scheduled any public services yet. There is also a posting about his death on his current band's Facebook page.
The Ohio Players topped music charts in the 1970s with hits such as "Love Rollercoaster," "Fire," "Skin Tight" and "Funky Worm." They were known for their brassy dance music, catchy lyrics and flamboyant outfits.
During the 1970’s, a new genre of music called funk was making its way into the American mainstream and Dayton, Ohio was at the epicenter. Community Voices Producer Basim Blunt says that more funk bands came from Dayton, than any other place in the world. This story is about the world famous funk bands that hailed from the city’s West Side, and one community’s attempt to honor their legacy before the music fades.


text:
The Role of Information Brokers in Knowledge Management
In every period of the history human society has faced specific challenges and developed tools to address them. \"Information society\" and \"Knowledge economy\" are terms used to describe the basic property of the times the authors are living in now. The way of managing the challenges of \"Information era\" by business entities is the litmus for success now-a-days. Professional competencies and special skills for managing information and information resources are needed. The paper discusses the role of information brokers as the joining link in facilitating success in the knowledge economy. This role is composed of the roles of surveyors, analysts, creators of secondary information, and finally knowledge disseminators.

domain: library


text:
Sex and consciousness
Sex is an altered state of consciousness.
Sacred_Energy Exchange (SEX) is NOT for pleasure.
That’s the Ego telling you that you need an outside source to satisfy a craving for approval to assist in feeding an emptiness you refuse to acknowledge.
Sex is for reproduction. Borning the next generation to ensure the human existence continues. It’s for manifestation.
Merging energies with another Entity of Power to literally mold your atmosphere to embody your visions. It’s for alchemy.
Alchemy is the process of transforming or combining elements into something new.
You can use alchemy in Sex to transform frequencies, unlock DNA codes, turn DNA codes on and off, as well as heal your partner. Your Kundalini energy begins to rise the moment you and your partner embrace eye contact…
SPIRITUAL SEX TheSpiritualAlliance When people have sex they exchange energies.
This means that negative energies like emotional trauma can be passed around. f we want to protect our body, emotions & energy we are being advised to be responsible with our sexual activities and partner Ask yourself is there a mental & spiritual connection or is it just sex for pleasure?
Practicing a spiritual & soulful approach can help US attract true love.’
صفحتنا الرسمية توأم الشعلة بالعربي
صفحتنا الرسمية فرندة – Farandh

domain: psychology


text:
A building and loan association may issue stock to members, upon certificates or upon written subscription, on such terms consistent with sections 1151.02 to 1151.55, inclusive, of the Revised Code, as its constitution and bylaws provide, but no initiation or membership fee shall be charged, and if the stock is sold at a premium, all such premiums shall be placed in the reserve fund of the association. All amounts, except fines and premiums, paid in by a member as such on any one account, together with all credits on such account, shall be considered payments on a stock subscription, and the aggregate of such payments and credits, less any charges to such account, shall constitute a stock credit of such member for the purpose of such sections. Each member may vote his stock to the extent and in the manner provided by the constitution of the association, but no member shall accumulate his votes. This section does not prohibit the issuance of permanent stock.
A building and loan association may issue capital notes or debentures at such times, in such amounts, and subject to such terms as the superintendent of building and loan associations in writing approves, but in no event shall such terms require or permit that the holders of such capital notes or debentures be held individually responsible as such holders for any debts, contracts, or engagements of the association.
Effective Date: 08-09-1963 .

domain: finance


Road Closures Next to Bo Diddley Plaza
The roads next to Bo Diddley Plaza will be closed for drainage repair. Paving, grading and drainage repair will take place Monday, June 4 and Tuesday, June 5 from 6 a.m.–5 p.m. at the corner of Southeast First Street and East University Avenue. The repairs are necessary to resolve water pooling at the intersection. Please be advised of the following changes to traffic:
· Southeast First Street (heading north) between Southeast First Avenue and East University Avenue will be closed
· University Avenue (heading east) between Main Street and Southeast First Street will be closed
For more information, contact the Gainesville CRA at firstname.lastname@example.org or 352-393-8200 or CRA Plaza Coordinator Nigel Hamm at 352-727-0238.


text:
You are here
The Academy of American Poets designated April as National Poetry Month in 1996. The purpose of this month-long celebration is to increase awareness and appreciation of poetry in the United States.
Pam Turner, Librarian at Charlotte Mecklenburg Library, came up with the idea to do a poet-in-residence program at Main Library to celebrate National Poetry Month. Her original concept was to have two poets spend an hour a day at an unused public service desk and write poetry on demand. The program now known as "The Poet is IN @ Main" grew in popularity so quickly that a group of poets and Library staff members occupied the desk from 9:00 AM to 5:00 to write poems for anyone who stopped by with a prompt. The poets sat behind the desk, equipped with typewriters and personalized stationery, ready to deliver poems for those who sought them.
This digital exhibit is only a small taste of what the incredibly talented poets created during National Poetry Month in April 2019. To read through the rest of the collection, visit the Carolina Room on the third floor of Main Library!

domain: artistic


text:
Hotel Transylvania franchise is coming with its 4th film Hotel Transylvania: Transformania starring Andy Samberg and Selena Gomez, who’re again as soon as once more to entertain audiences throughout the globe. Hotel Transylvania: Transformania will stream on Prime Video beginning January 14, 2022, and can see a accident because the monsters flip into people and people change into monsters creating much more chaos within the Hotel Transylvania.
Selena Gomez, who has voiced Mavis within the movie, returns to the franchise not simply as a forged member but in addition steps up as an govt producer of the movie. “Selena was more involved with the story, as well as looking over sequences at a very early stage and throughout production,” says Genndy Tartakovsky, one of many writers and govt producers of the movie. Adding to this, he stated, “The result is a character with more agency and action than ever before – a behind-the-scenes move that mirrors the changes in the movie.”
Speaking on reprising her function, Selena Gomez says that whereas it’s bittersweet to convey the franchise to an in depth, she will’t consider a greater strategy to convey the story to an in depth than with this movie. “It’s so hard to say goodbye to Mavis, a character I’ve played for so long, but it feels right because this film really does bring the story full circle,” she says. “It’s a big, crazy adventure – the transformation idea is so much fun – and it takes all of our characters to a part of the world that we don’t usually get to see in movies. We’re going out with a bang.” She continues, “I think a lot of young adults have a moment when they can’t believe that they’ve grown up and are now in charge – that’s why they call it ‘adulting,’ but Mavis knows what’s at stake. She loves her dad and her husband, and she is not going to let their antics ruin everything. She is going to be the adult who heroically comes to the rescue, and she embraces that role for herself.”
Hotel Transylvania: Transformania will premiere solely on Prime Video globally on January 14, 2022.


text:
MADISON, Wis. (WMTV)– The Madison Common Council passed a new $40 wheel tax for city residents Tuesday night, the highest of its kind in Wisconsin.
Alders voted 11-8 in favor of the tax, according to council members NBC15 reached out to.
Madison Mayor Satya Rhodes-Conway proposed the vehicle registration tax in her 2020 budget proposal, in an attempt to fill a budget whole and fund works such as transit upgrades.
The mayor estimates the tax hike will generate almost $8 million for the city.
Everything but tech support.

domain: economics


text:
Western feeling meets Asian spirit in Artdeco’s new collection for fall 2013. Inspired by designer duo Talbot & Runhof, the collection, with its soft floral shades in plum, red, petrol blue, taupe, and pink beige, captures the discreet elegance of their aesthetic. Their motto: “Everything hinges on the art of knowing where to stop.”
Here are more details:
SINGLE EYESHADOW (€4.80)
#64 Peacock Coquette: strong petroleum
#88 Cherry Blossom: intense purple
#280 Western Opera: dark eggplant
#584 Matt Rosy Starling: bright rose
The collection will be released next month. Are you planning to buy something from it?


text:
Dix singing "The Lord's Prayer" Click
off-the-air in 1944, this is a rare recording of Tommy Dix singing
"The Lord's Prayer." His amazing voice comes through
the static with strength and grace. He sang this song "for
the boys overseas" during World War II. It is a large MP3
file. Please be patient while it loads.


text:
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Have you ever heard of genetic algorithms? Codefarm is using genetic algorithms in their product Galapagos. They are marketing the software for engineering, finance, entertainment, biotechnology, and security. I have only ever seen this technology used to create circuits. It seems only a matter of time till this technology and software design patterns meet. The question is how fill they fit, how best will they work together.
If you know of Microsoft’s WhiteHorse (I think this is it and this too) then you can imagine how one could use an interface similar to it to select an initial population. The more difficult part, as always, would be in creating the fitness tests for the evaluations of the newly spawned generations.
Is your head spinning yet? If not you must not understand. This kind of technology has the potentially to change so much it is mind boggling. It is already starting to change the economy. How will you be effected?


It was a win for Paola Guanche and Telemundo on Sunday. The Florida tween took the top spot in La Voz Kids as the network’s finale of the Spanish-language youth version of The Voice was watched by 2.6 million total viewers and 1.3 million adults 18-49. That’s the second best rating for the freshman show after hitting its high on June 23 with 2.7 million total viewers and 1.46 million adults 18-49 watching between 8-10 PM. This week’s finale did see a rise of 11% over the previous week in the demo and an 8% gain in viewership. Overall the 8-11 PM finale’s result is the best the Comcast-owned network has done in the time slot with regularly scheduled programming. Hosted by Daisy Fuentes and Jorge Bernal with new The X Factor judge Paulina Rubio among the coaches, the singing competition show’s finale was the highest-rated TV show in New York and Miami in the key demo regardless of language and the second-highest-rated show in LA and Houston, regardless of language, according to Nielsen. La Voz Kids debuted May 5 with 1.695 million total viewers and 873,000 among adults 18-49. Over its first season, the show has averaged more than 2.2 million total viewers and 1.1 million in the demo.
Telemundo’s ‘Voice’ For Kids Finale Hits Time-Slot High
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text:
Kittery police cruiser destroyed in crash
No major injuries in collision with SUV on Route 1
KITTERY, Maine — A town police cruiser was demolished, but the officer was uninjured after police said an SUV drove into its path Saturday evening.
Kittery police Sgt. Joshua Stewart was traveling north on Route 1 at 5:45 p.m. with his blue lights and siren on, responding to When Pigs Fly Pizzeria for a report of a customer suffering from a heart attack, according to State Police Trooper Jerry Carr.
An SUV driven by Debra Hannigan, 48, of York, was traveling north in front of the cruiser in the vicinity of Henry VIII Carvery and started to pull over into the breakdown lane. Instead, at the last moment, she pulled across Route 1 to take a left into the sandwich shop parking lot and struck the cruiser.
According to Carr, Hannigan thought she was being pulled over by Stewart, and thought it would be easier if they both pulled into the parking lot.
The force of the impact caused the cruiser to shoot across Route 1 and over a curb. It brushed the sandwich shop's sign as well, Carr said. The shop itself was not hit, he said. The SUV also traveled across Route 1 and into the shop's parking lot.
The right side and front of the cruiser was significantly damaged, and it is considered a total loss, Carr said.
The driver's side of the SUV was also damaged, Carr said, although the cruiser received the bulk of the impact.
Hannigan was cited at the scene on a charge of failure to yield. Carr said no further charges are anticipated.
Carr was called in as a matter of routine police procedure when an officer is involved in an incident.
Carr said Stewart was acting prudently, was not using unnecessary speed and was following correct police procedure at the time of the crash.
He said Hannigan admitted that she acted imprudently by attempting to pull into the sandwich shop parking lot.
No other vehicles were involved in the crash.
Both Stewart and Hannigan reported minor physical problems but neither were taken to a hospital.

domain: law


Live Blog: New iPads and more?
It's Apple-announcement eve, and the Cupertino company is getting ready to unveil two new iPads and more. While Apple may have accidentally revealed the names of the iPad Air 2 and iPad mini 3, we're expecting to learn more about them aside from the fact they have a Touch ID sensor, and potentially see some new iMacs.
We'll be live blogging Apple's iPad event from 4am AEST tomorrow morning (3am if you're in Queensland).
You'll be able to follow along here for the latest news as it happens.
In the meantime, click here for our thoughts on what Apple might announce.
4:02am – Apple have started the event with a video of iPhone launch day footage from around the world.
4:04am – CEO Tim Cook takes the stage – "We've got a few more things to show you"
4:05am – New record set for first month orders ever taken, "by a lot".
4:08am – Apple have signed on another 500 banks for Apple Pay, even more retailers have comitted to rollout between the end of the year
4:09am – American iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus users can start using Apple Pay on Monday
4:10am – The Apple Watch is on the cover of Vogue China this month. Some partners have started building apps for Apple Watch, all developers will be able to start build Apple Watch "experiences" in November
4:12am – Craig Federighi is on stage to give an update on iOS 8 and OS XYosemite. 94% of Apple users are on iOS 7 or iOS 8. 48% are on iOS 8 after a month. In comparison, only 25% are on Kit Kat after over 300 days.
4:16am – There's a Klingon keyboard available in the App Store, good to know!
4:19am – iOS 8.1 will address top sources of customer feedback, will bring back Camera Roll and enable Apple Pay.
4:23am – Craigh is reiterating Yosemite's key features – the redesign, Safari, Mail, Messages and iTunes.
4:24am – The entire iWork suite is getting an update for Yosemite – Keynote, Pages and Numbers
4:25am – iCloud drive will be availabe on PC "in case you have to work under extreme duress"
4:26am – Users can now Airdrop between Yosemite and iOS, and Airplay to an Apple TV without the need for a Wi-Fi connection
4:27am – We're getting a demo of Continuity.
4:30am – Craig is making a phone call to Stephen Colbert to demonstrate Yosemite's ability to make phone calls. It's pretty funny – he just referred to Tim Cook as "Chairman Honeycrisp"
4:32am – "Do you know what I see when I look at my wrist? MY WRIST!"
4:33am – Keynotes can be controlled using Apple Watch
4:35am – Yosemite is available today! For free!
4:36am – iOS 8.1 on Monday, iWork update also available today, for iOS and OS X, also for free
4:37am – Tim Cook is back on stage to talk about iPad
4:38am – Apple have sold over 225 million iPads around the world
4:39am – iPad has consistently been rated number 1 in customer satisfaction, and iPad mini wth Retina has apparently got 100% in customer satisfaction
4:42am – "How do you make it better?" asks Tim. Cue video. iPad Air 2 will be even thinner. "Look how thin it is, can you even see it?"
4:43am – 6.1mm thin, 18% than the iPad Air according to Phil Schiller. You can stack two and they'll still be thinner than the original iPad
4:45am – Runs a new chip called A8X – 64 bit architecture, 40% faster than the iPad Air. Graphic performance is upto 180 times faster than the original iPad
4:47am – 10 hours of battery life. iPad Air 2 features the same motion tracker as the iPhone 6.
4:48am – New iPad camera is 8MP, aperture of 2.4, can shoot 1080p.
4:50am – iPad Air 2 can take panoromas, burst mode photography, timelapse video and slow-motion video.
4:51am – New front-facing camera too – very similar to the iPhone 6, can take HDR selfies
4:52am – iPad Air 2 has Touch ID. Will be able to use Apple Pay to make purchases within Apps.
5:01am – iPad Air 2 starts from USD$499 for WiFi with 16GB. USD$599 for 64GB, 128GB will be USD$699. Celluar versions will be USD$130 extra.
5:02am – iPad mini 3 starts from USD$399 for 16GB for WiFi. USD$499 for 64GB, USD$599 for 128GB. Celluar versions will be USD$130 extra
5:03am – All will be available in grey, silver and gold. iPad mini 3 only has a 5MP camera.
5:03am – Original iPad mini will still be sold for USD$249, iPad mini 2 will be USD$299.
5:05am – Phil is talking about Mac now and Retina. Cue video introducing Retina iMac.
5:06am – Well, iMac with Retina Display, to be precise.
5:07am – 27-inch model has a 5120 x 2880 display, dubbed the Retina 5K display. About 14 million pixels. 7 times more pixels than HD.
5:08am – Apparently Apple have to create new materials to make such a high density display.
5:09am – Supports pixel-for-pixel 4K video editing
5:13am – Upgradable to 4GHz quad-core Intel Core i7. Has Thunderbolt 2, comes with a terabyte Fusion Drive standard.
5:14am – iMac with Retina Display will cost USD$2499 for entry level model including 3.5GHz and 8GB Ram. Starts shipping in the US today.
5:15am – Mac mini is getting a small upgrade too, adding in 4th-gen Intel processors, and Thunderbolt 2 ports. Now starts at USD$499. Shipping in the US from today too.
5:17am – Tim's back on stage, sounds like he's starting to wrap up the event
5:20am – Yep, he's closing the event – that's a wrap. No Apple TV news unfortunately


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Support Hyperallergic’s independent arts journalism.
Qalandiya International is pleased to announce This Sea is Mine, the third edition of its monthlong collaborative artistic program which will take place across cities and villages in Palestine and the Diaspora, to explore questions of return and refuge.
With the recent escalation of violence resulting in human tragedies and mass displacements in the Arab world, we cannot help but view the ongoing refugee crisis, as a reproduction of the Nakba, the Palestinian catastrophe in 1948, with all its ramifications and larger questions. Qalandiya International brings to the foreground the issue of “Return” and suggests new perspectives to reinstate Palestine’s presence in its own history and geography, to restore its relationship with its natural horizons and the rest of the world.
This Sea is Mine will take place between the 5th and the 31st of October 2016 with a comprehensive program of exhibitions, performances, film screenings, tours, and workshops, featuring over 100 Palestinian and International artists. This year’s edition includes 16 partners participating in Haifa, Gaza, Amman, Beirut, London, Jerusalem, Ramallah, and Bethlehem.
Qi was founded in 2012 as an independent coalition bringing together Palestinian art and cultural organizations long separated by occupation, who saw the necessity to join forces in promoting Palestinian arts, and open new channels for dialogue and exchange, both locally and internationally.
For further details, visit qalandiyainternational.org.
The works in Fault Lines prove that abstraction need not be confined to the inner life of the artist.
Celeste’s sculptures all rely on natural forces to achieve balance, and thus are perpetually on the precipice of collapse.
Romanticism to Ruin: Two Lost Works of Sullivan and Wright memorializes Chicago’s Garrick Theatre and Buffalo’s Larkin Building, which were razed to build a parking lot and a truck stop.
By reinventing the traditional bokashi technique, Hamanaka reminds us that nothing is dead, even when many proclaim otherwise.
The company’s mastery of the art market’s smoke and mirrors is its most impressive illusion.
Sadly, though by no means surprisingly, there is precedence for this female erasure. Women have been and continue to be the executors of the invisible, unpaid, unaccredited labor that makes much of the world run smoothly.


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BTS Jungkook has been named as a K-pop idol who is expected to debut as a solo artist.
On May 13th, the American K-Pop news site ‘Kpopstarz’ published an article titled ‘These Are The K-Pop Idols Whom Fans Want a Solo Album From.’ BTS Jungkook received the most attention among K-pop idols that fans want to see their solo debut.
According to the media, fans said Jungkook’s voice is versatile enough to suit any genre and is suitable for going into the mainstream.
They also commented that Jungkook’s singing and dancing skills improved significantly over time. He became one of the best and most stable singers in the music industry as a whole. Fans want to hear his high-pitched part more, making them feel that his outstanding singing and dancing skills further raise fans’ desire for a solo album.
Fans want BTS Jungkook to show more as a solo artist and show true artistic talent. The media also added fans’ enthusiastic expectations, support, and earnest hopes for his solo career.
Jungkook is the youngest BTS member, but he is also the main vocalist with excellent vocal skills. Jungkook is not only capable in one genre. But, he still shows his own vocal spectrum to fans, covering songs of various genres locally and abroad.
BTS Jungkook has been generously pouring out his vocal skills that constantly participate in every album’s back vocals and doubling. He perfectly executes his unique range from deep low notes to cool and thrilling high notes.
In addition, Jungkook, who is also in charge as a sub rapper and lead dancer, is raising fans’ expectations and wishes for solo activities. It is because of his unlimited all-round idol skills such as vocals, rap, and dance.
Read More About: BTS Jungkook Cool Charm Will Blow Away The Heat

domain: entertainment


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With all the talk about returning to the moon via SpaceX, NASA, and international agencies, some have forgotten some of the magic surrounding the original Apollo 11 mission.
To remind us about just how monumental the first landing was, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation has launched an app that allows users to recreate the historic flight and landing via augmented reality.
- Don't Miss: Microsoft's Live HoloLens 2 Apollo 11 Demo Didn't Take Flight, but You Can See It Thanks to Unreal Engine's Video
The app, which was released for both iPhones and Android devices gives the user the ability to go from the launch of the Saturn V rocket (which can be placed in your own backyard) and then simulate the over 100 hours of in-flight adjustments made on the way over the course of five days.
Of course, users also get to experience an AR version of the moon landing. And yes, tiny AR astronauts (Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin) step out and make an appearance.
The app experience is incredibly elaborate, mimicking the old school NASA interface and procedural rigor of the famed space agency, and allows you to take screenshots of your progress along the way.
Developed by Digitas, the app comes just in time for the 50th anniversary of the moon landing, which took place on July 20, 1969, and comes just before the release of the Chasing the Moon film that celebrates the accomplishment, which is set to debut on July 8 on PBS.


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Your purchase includes:
• Professionally engraved PDF sheet music
• High-quality MP3 audio file
• MIDI file for use in Synthesia
• Synthesia file for learning in Synthesia
Have you wanted to hear what the national anthem of the United States of America sounded like as cool jazz? Look no further! This great piano arrangement of The Star-Spangled Banner takes the iconic music by John Stafford-Smith and reimagines it as a tasteful and fun jazz piece. You'll have heaps of fun playing this for your friends and family!
This piano arrangement is of moderate difficulty, so pianists of an intermediate and higher level of proficiency will be able to learn this piece well. The sheet music is professionally and is a joy to read from!


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If you have a credit card account with Bank of America or Chase, two of the nation’s largest banks, a major security flaw has been exposed that could make your information vulnerable to an Internet crook – or even a nosy neighbor.
Consumer advocate Edgar Dworsky of ConsumerWorld.org, who discovered the flaw, says anyone who knows your phone number and has the last four digits of your Chase or BofA credit card number might be able access your account.
Here’s the flaw Dworsky uncovered: When you call a bank’s automated credit card account information system, the computer uses caller ID to compare the number you’re calling from with the one on the account (usually your home phone).
At BofA and Chase, if the phone number is a match, the verification process is streamlined. Rather than requiring the entire credit card number to be entered, the caller can usually access the account with only the last four digits. In some cases, a zip code is also required.
“The last four digits of your credit card number are just out there so predominantly,” Dworsky says. “If you look at any sales receipt, it always has those last four digits.”
In order for someone to take advantage of this security loophole, they’d have to trick the bank’s computer to make it appear the call is coming from your home phone. Internet “spoofing” sites make this incredibly easy to do. Con artists have been using this technology for years, and it is how those British tabloid reporters were able to hack into so many voicemail systems.
The banks respond
I contacted Chase and Bank of America and asked them to respond to all of this. Both banks e-mailed me statements that said they take customer security very seriously, but they do not think the scenario Dworsky outlines is a significant security threat to their customers.
“Our objective is to balance customers' need for convenience and quick access to general information with industry best protection of their accounts,” wrote Betty Reiss at Bank of America. “In addition to at least two levels of authentication required to access very limited information over our automated system, we have additional security controls in place to detect potential abuse of our automated systems. We understand that there will always be individuals who are trying to beat the system, and we're constantly looking at measures to better protect and service our customers.”
I got this response from spokesperson Eileen Leveckis at Chase: “Chase takes data protection extremely seriously and we have numerous fraud-detection tools in place to best protect our customers. We are always engaged in research and development for new anti-fraud and data-protection technologies and we are an established leader in data security.”
Adam Levin, co-founder and chairman of Identity Theft 911, was disappointed to hear how the banks responded.
“The fact that people can spoof phone numbers and then use just four digits and then come back with account information is a woefully insecure security system,” he says. “These banks really have to rethink their strategy and develop a much more serious security protocol when it comes to credit cards.”
Pam Dixon, executive director of the nonprofit World Privacy Forum, agrees. "Convenience is the greatest enemy of privacy, and this is a perfect example of that,” Dixon says. "The banks have made it too easy to access this sensitive information. There needs to be increased security procedures."
Testing the flaw
In running various vulnerability tests with his own cards and those of several volunteers, Dworsky found it was simple to gain access to the targeted account in almost every case.
“I was shocked. I was absolutely shocked that using a relatively simple technique, someone could find out about someone else’s credit card history.”
Using the same technique and with his permission, I was able to get into the database for Dworsky’s Chase and Bank of America credit card accounts. The automated system gave me his credit lines and how much credit was still available on the card, the amount of the last bill and when it was paid, plus information about dozens of recent transactions: the date, the amount and what was purchased.
The security protocol is stricter at Capital One, Citi and American Express. They all require the entire card number to be entered every time, no matter where the call is placed from.
Dworsky would like to see Chase and BofA do the same thing. “It’s so easy to close this loophole,” he says. "They just need to require anyone who calls their information line to put in the full 16-digit credit card number.”
So, am I safe?
OK, so I hack into the bank’s automated system and find out that your last payment was $500 on Aug. 12 and that you have available credit of $21,500. Maybe I learn that you made a $65 purchase at Home Depot on Aug. 3, and a $75 purchase at Target the next day.
This isn’t enough information to allow a crook to order a new credit card or get a cash advance. But an identity thief can use the information to build credibility with potential victims.
Here’s how it works: Armed with the details from your account, the thief phones you, this time using caller ID spoofing to make it look like he’s calling from your bank.
He tells you he’s from the bank’s security department, and says they’ve noticed some suspicious activity on your account. To prove he’s with the bank, the crook recites the information gleaned from the phone system about your credit card account. That could cause you to drop your guard, and give him enough additional account information to rip you off.
Identity theft isn’t the only threat here. This same technique could also allow unauthorized people to collect information about your charitable or political donations, religious or other organizations you belong to, even charges you’ve made for medical problems.
My two cents
ID spoofing has changed the security landscape. A phone number is no longer a reliable means of authentication. If you have a credit card with either of these two banks and you believe security trumps convenience, as I do, I encourage you to contact them and let them know how you feel. Tell them you want this loophole closed.

domain: news


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I'm disappointed with Jim Lee's March 8 column on the certainty of climate change. His conclusions aren't science based, but talking points based "if you believe dumping tons of pollution into the atmosphere has no negative impact" and "most people who have done any research."
As with many climate change predictions, there's no clear connection between an action and the resulting temperature consequence. I guess I fall under his definition of "any research at all" type of person. The facts that I've found seem to have climate scientist using suppositions that no college freshman would be allowed to use in their science class.
Climate scientists give complex hypotheses over eons of time using convoluted terms, but no real theorems or repeatable scientific experiments. Lee wrote that dumping tons of pollution into the air is going to have some negative consequence. Maybe that is true or maybe not. There is no proof that the outcome of tons of pollution equates to global warming or climate change. We hear other unproven but often repeated statements, like climate warming trends are most likely due to human activities or there is no question greenhouse gases must cause the earth to warm in response. So let's consider some measureable facts.
NASA's Remote Sensing Systems have measured a .36 degree Fahrenheit temperature increase in the last 35 years, but that increase occurred between 1979 and 1998 and has been decreasing since then. The arctic ice cap actually increased from 2012 to 2013. Documented records exist of warming and cooling periods over the past 5,000 years. On Greenland, archeologists have uncovered abandoned Viking settlements below the country's now frozen tundra and the remains of an ancient forest far above the current natural tree line. In Montana's Glacier National Park tree stumps dated between 1,400 and 2,350 years ago are emerging from under the Mendenhall glacier.
The opposite is also true. The Thames River in England around 1684 was frozen so solid Londoners held winter carnivals on the ice and an elephant could walk across the ice. During the American Civil War, people could walk across the frozen Arkansas River.
One other fact is the U.S. spends $22 billion of our taxes fighting the global warming crisis. Based on my research, we have fluctuating temperature patterns that are normal. My conclusion is the Don Quixote climate change proponents don't want to lose their share of $22 billion.

domain: geography


SELBYVILLE, Del., June 24, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- According to the latest report "Data Center Cooling Market by Component (Solution, Service), Cooling Technique (Rack/Row-Based, Room-Based), Application (BFSI, Colocation, Energy, Government, Healthcare, Manufacturing, IT & Telecom), Regional Outlook, Price Trends, Competitive Market Share & Forecast 2027" by Global Market Insights Inc., the market valuation of data center cooling will cross $30 billion by 2027. Stringent regulations to reduce power consumption in data centers are driving the adoption of energy-efficient cooling solutions.
The maintenance and support services segments are projected to witness growth in the data center cooling market during the forecast period. Cooling systems are required to be reliable, efficient, and secure to keep data center facilities running at maximum efficiency and optimal performance. The acceptance of regular maintenance avoids unnecessary downtime, clogged air filters, capacitor or battery failure, welded relays, outdated firmware, and aids in saving time & cost. Service providers offer professional services to help data center operators in effectively optimizing and maintaining mission-critical applications.
Request a sample of this research report @ https://www.gminsights.com/request-sample/detail/423.
Cooling towers are expected to observe high growth over the forecast timeline due to the rising demand for energy-efficient technologies. Datacenter operators are adopting evaporative cooling towers to reduce the usage of water in cooling data centers. Cooling towers are widely used in low humidity & high-temperature environment and can be easily cooled down to 15°C. These cooling towers also reduce maintenance costs, noise pollution, and provides high-performance & energy efficiency compared to mechanical cooling systems.
The South America data center cooling market will observe substantial growth by 2027 owing to the rising construction of data centers across the region. The availability of tax incentives is encouraging data center owners & operators to expand their presence in the region. For instance, in May 2021, Google LLC acquired a building in the Canelones, Uruguay, that lies in a duty-free tax zone. The increasing establishment of data center facilities has driven the usage of economical and effective cooling solutions. Large-scale data centers use liquid cooling solutions to curb operational and capital cooling expenses.
Some of the key players operating in the data center cooling market include Asetek AS, CenturyLink, Nortek Air Solutions, Airedale International Air Conditioning Ltd., ABB Group, Integrated Eco Technologies Ltd., Rittal GmbH & Co. KG, STULZ GmbH, Ebullient, Inc., Submer Technologies, Liquid Cool Solutions, Inc., Black Box Corporation, Adaptivcool, Schneider Electric SE, Vertiv Co., Interxion, T-Systems SA, and Coolcentric.
Request a customization of this research report @ https://www.gminsights.com/roc/423.
Some major findings of the data center cooling market report are:
- A significant rise in the number of data centers and their power densities are fueling the demand for cost-effective cooling solutions. Datacenter operators are adopting liquid cooling technology to reduce carbon emissions and PUEs.
- Cloud service providers are increasingly expanding their data storage capabilities to accommodate the growing computing demand. They are deploying efficient cooling systems to reduce power consumption in data centers.
- The BFSI sector is increasingly investing in data center facilities to store massive amounts of data generated by online banking applications. The need to improve customer turnover and provide optimal customer experience with minimal downtime has resulted in an increased demand for energy-efficient data center solutions.
Table of Contents (ToC) of the report:
Chapter 3 Data Center Cooling Market Insights
3.1 Industry segmentation
3.2 Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
3.2.1 Global outlook
3.2.2 Regional outlook
3.2.3 Industry value chain
3.2.4 Competitive landscape
3.3 Industry ecosystem analysis
3.3.1 Raw material suppliers
3.3.2 Component suppliers
3.3.4 technology/software providers
3.3.5 System integrators
3.3.6 Service providers
3.3.7 Distribution channel analysis
3.3.8 Vendor matrix
3.4 Technological & innovation landscape
3.4.1 Innovation in data center
3.4.2 Green data center
3.4.3 Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
3.4.4 Heat transfer fluids
3.4.5 Submerged data centers
3.5 Regulatory landscape
3.6 End-use cases
3.7 Industry impact forces
3.7.1 Growth drivers
3.7.2 Industry pitfalls & challenges
3.8 Growth potential analysis
3.9 Porter's analysis
3.10 PESTEL analysis
Browse the complete Table of Contents (ToC) @ https://www.gminsights.com/toc/detail/data-center-cooling-market
About Global Market Insights Inc.
Global Market Insights Inc., headquartered in Delaware, U.S., is a global market research and consulting service provider, offering syndicated and custom research reports along with growth consulting services. Our business intelligence and industry research reports offer clients penetrative insights and actionable market data specially designed and presented to aid strategic decision-making. These exhaustive reports are designed via a proprietary research methodology and are available for key industries such as chemicals, advanced materials, technology, renewable energy, and biotechnology.
Corporate Sales, USA
Global Market Insights Inc.
Email: [email protected]
Data Center Cooling Market Growth Predicted at 16% Through 2027: GMI
The South America data center cooling market will observe substantial growth by 2027 owing to the rising construction of data centers across the region.
SOURCE Global Market Insights Inc.


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The biotechnology-based company will participate for the second time in a row in this international reference trade fair for the fruit and vegetable industry.
AlgaEnergy has confirmed its participation in a new edition of Infoagro Exhibition, which celebrates its 3rd edition this year. This trade show of international reference will take place in Almería (Spain) between the 22nd and the 24th of May. In this new edition, Infoagro Exhibition will gather the main players of the agri-food industry in Spain and also worldwide, from the producer link to the marketer and export. The most important suppliers of agricultural inputs will have a prominent space.
For the second consecutive year, AlgaEnergy will attend the event and, in this optimal scenario, the company will showcase its value proposition based on an innovative and effective solution: its range of agricultural biostimulants based on microalgae, AgriAlgae®, whose characteristics go very much in line with AlgaEnergy strong will to contribute to face the challenges of our society, making the agri-food industry more competitive, efficient and sustainable.
The presence in this unmissable event is a good example of AlgaEnergy’s interest in consolidating its presence in Almería. In this regard, Carlos Rodríguez-Villa, the company’s General Manager, highlights that “it is must-attend event for the agri-food sector and the best scenario to showcase our innovations and solutions, and we are convinced that, once again, our presence at Infoagro Exhibition will meet the most demanding expectations of our customers”. “Almería is a mature market with a very professionalized horticultural sector, in which producers are quite used to apply biostimulants. This region is an example worldwide and a mirror in which other producing areas want to be reflected. In this framework, AlgaEnergy is in a privileged position in order to supply an innovative, competitive, sustainable and, above all, very effective biostimulant”, adds Rodríguez-Villa.
United States (January 15, 2024) – AlgaEnergy and Nutrient TECH, both companies fully owned by the De Sangosse Group, are thrilled to announce the appointment of Tyler Grenzow as their new President for North America. In this pivotal role, Tyler will take responsibility of De Sangosse’s nutritional and biosolutions business in the United States and Canada, channeled through both companies, which will unify their efforts and reinforce the position of De Sangosse as an industry leader.
17 January, 2024
In a groundbreaking stride towards a more sustainable agricultural landscape, the newly established Association Biocontrôle et Biostimulation pour l'Agroécologie (ABBA) is spearheading a transformative shift in the industry. We are thrilled to announce that Bachar Blal, AlgaEnergy's Managing Director for France, has been elected as the Deputy Treasurer of ABBA, reinforcing AlgaEnergy's commitment to industry progress and sustainability.15 January, 2024
The Microbiome Congress is Europe's most prominent event focused on the utilization and application of microorganisms. AlgaEnergy participated actively, making valuable contributions by showcasing scientific studies and presenting a specialized range of solutions specifically designed to promote soil health. The company's participation in the event was within the context of its incorporation into the De Sangosse group.16 June, 2023
Following an extensive restructuring, AlgaEnergy is proud to partner with DE SANGOSSE Group through a soon to be finalized deal that will enable a concentrated focus on its agricultural markets. Previous business verticals including cosmetics, bioenergy, aquaculture and nutraceuticals will be discontinued, allowing a single-minded focus on solutions for agricultural markets, specifically agribiological inputs (biostimulants, biofertilizers and biocontrol).25 May, 2023
On November 16th, 2022 open voting for the Board of Directors of the European Biostimulants Industry Council (EBIC) took place, resulting in the election of AlgaEnergy’s Managing Director – Carlos Rodríguez-Villa as Vice President of the board – with 95 percent of the participatory vote.01 December, 2022
Alcobendas City Council has awarded us with this award "which recognizes business excellence", delivered by the Mayor of Alcobendas, Aitor Retolaza.28 October, 2022
We were one of the 15 companies selected -among more than 200 applications from 27 countries- to participate in the 11th edition of the Social Innovation Tournament, organized by the EIB Institute, obtaining the second prize in the 'Blue and Green Economy' category.30 September, 2022
Decoding how AlgaEnergy’s solutions energize crop gene expression in less than 2 hours.26 September, 2022
Carlos Rodríguez-Villa, Managing Director of AlgaEnergy, gave a TED talk in which he showed how, through innovation, the goals set in the 2030 Agenda can be achieved.23 September, 2022
The biotechnology company has joined and completed the first phase of the EIC Greenhouse Gas (EIC GHG) Programme, promoted by the European Innovation Council, with the aim of measuring, reducing and offsetting the carbon footprint of European companies.16 September, 2022