The call for Climate Justice – a report from Paris
By Heather in Paris, Wednesday 9th December 2015
Another world is possible, necessary and urgent. This is the message coming through loud and clear, not from the official COP21 but from the Climate Action Zone where we are with people from all over the world concerned about life, livelihoods and the wellbeing of all.
Every evening we hear depressing updates from the official talks. The voluntary emissions reductions that countries have promised so far do not fall within the 2 degrees global temperature rise, which scientists say is the maximum to avoid climate chaos. Rights of indigenous people have been taken out of the main text, as has a commitment to a just transition to a low carbon economy. The substantive text centres on extending carbon markets and negotiations, and with 48 hours to go, talks centre on whether the review date should be 8 or 9 years away. I am realising the interests of the corporations are superseding the needs of people all over the world and our life support systems now and into the future.
In contrast, at the Climate Action Zone I am inspired by a network of women from sub Saharan Africa who tell, not only how droughts and floods are massively affecting their lives and livelihoods, but also how big mining companies and transnationals engaged in export crops are taking over and polluting their land. They are not asking for aid, but organising and asking for solidarity to get the corporations out of their land, to receive compensation for the damage, to set a ceiling of 1.5 degrees temperature rise, and support for community-controlled, nature-friendly farming and fishing.
On the Metro this morning I met a Peruvian farmer wearing a ‘La Via Campesina’ scarf, with his German friend. I learnt that the farmer is taking out a lawsuit, supported by a top German lawyer, against a big German fossil fuel company for its contribution to the melting of the glaciers in the Andes which is depriving his land of water. I learn there is now an international network of environmental lawyers taking up similar cases.
Our solidarity today has taken a creative bent. We took our black umbrellas to the Louvre, which is being sponsored by Total and Eni. Through the instigation of “Oil out of Art” we staged a performance with our umbrellas spelling out “Fossil Free Culture”. While inside the Louvre half-a-dozen climate campaigners danced barefoot through spilt dark brown paint leaving oil-like footprints on the marble floor.
I continue to be moved by meeting people from countries already affected by climate change, and heartened by their resilience. I am learning how nature-friendly, community-controlled ways can cool our planet. I am aware the official talks are not bearing in mind the lives or livelihoods of these people. I am realising our call for climate justice is not to our leaders at COP21, but it is to ourselves. Here we are sharing ways we can cool the planet, live co-operatively and be creative. I am encouraged by the many international movements that are growing, that we can be part of beyond COP21, in working for a planet where we can all not just be alive – but thrive.
I’m finishing now – to make my banner: “1.5 for all to stay alive“.


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Putney Bridge is in the distance, on my right, and I see a boat passing by, going towards the bridge. My attention is drawn to someone sitting next to me on the bench, with coffee in his hand. Another lost soul, most likely with related inner dialogue. Whoever it is, heâ€™s almost touching my body and making me feel uncomfortable.
Without looking I lift myself slightly and move away a few inches. As I sit back I turn and politely smile in his direction, as if to say, â€œItâ€™s okay, plenty of space for the two of us,â€ when I see who it is.
â€œAmelia.â€ Alexander greets me nonchalantly.
I am still slanted forward, turning my head away from him almost too soon; heâ€™s not welcome on my bench. Connected by the sound of the riverâ€™s waves against the bank, we sit in silence for a moment.
â€œLook at me, Amelia.â€
His deep voice makes me shiver. Itâ€™s verging on kind, almost pleading, but I ignore him; I know better. If I donâ€™t look in his eyes, Iâ€™ll be fine.
â€œSoâ€¦Youâ€™re the new boss,â€ I say indifferently, not moving my head. He needs to know I have a voice, that Iâ€™m not always docile.
â€œIâ€™m sorry. I probably should have said something,â€ the wind conveys his scent my way and he smells tempting. Heâ€™s been so close but yet so far, I think Iâ€™m officially trained to get aroused by his scent. â€œPlease, look at me,â€ his voice is gentle, apologetic.
I look down at my coffee cup and recline on the bench next to him, crossing my legs, my left shoulder inches away from his.
â€œThe safest thing for me right now is not to look at you.â€
â€œYouâ€™re being ridiculous.â€
â€œIâ€™m not, and please, letâ€™s not do this. Thereâ€™s no need for us to talk anymore. The embarrassment I went through is enough.â€
Still staring at my cup, I try to stay calm. â€œAlexander…umâ€¦Mr. Reeves,â€ I correct myself. â€œTo say Iâ€™m humiliated for what you made me do is an understatement. Pleaseâ€¦just go.â€
â€œHumiliated?â€ His surprise confuses me. â€œYou think what I made you do is humiliating?â€
â€œMasturbating all over the place for someone elseâ€™s pleasure? Yes,â€ I say quietly, trying to hide the indignity in my voice. â€œI performed inconceivable acts for you, no one else.â€
â€œIs that what youâ€™ve been doing? Performing inconceivable acts?â€ he replies scornfully.
I have a sour smile on my lips and I shake my head in disbelief. My eyes are still on my faithful cup. â€œWas I doing something else? Please enlighten me, if you think I was,â€ I say sarcastically.
â€œMrs. Jones, I believe youâ€™re a woman cloaked under your marriage, hiding. Condemned wife, equipped to increase the limit of penance that you find suitable.â€ Heâ€™s looking for my eyes but I donâ€™t yield. Theyâ€™re faithfully staring at my coffee cup. â€œYou knowâ€¦itâ€™s not worth it in the long run.â€
His words light up like a neon sign in my mind, the bare truth.
â€œAre you married, Mr. Reeves?â€ Thatâ€™s the first thing that comes to my mind.
â€œIâ€™m not saying you should leave your husband! Iâ€™m saying go out there and see what makes you happy!â€ Irritated Iâ€™m still ignoring him; he loses his patience. â€œAnd look at me when I talk to you for fuck sake!â€ he snaps.
â€œI know what makes me happy!â€ I sneer.
â€œI donâ€™t think you do!â€
Aggravated by his blatant behaviour and deprecatory comments, I look directly at his face, my eyes narrowed in anger.
His triumphant smirk slowly makes an appearance and he looks at me, confident. He knows the effect he has on me. We are inches apart in broad daylight and I cannot move. Iâ€™m mesmerized. I move my face slowly back toward my cup but my eyes linger on him, unable to sever the bond.
â€œOh Ameliaâ€¦trust me when I say I want to stay away from youâ€¦but itâ€™s so damn hardâ€¦â€
This game is all too familiar. Extracting my essence, leaving no logic behind, heâ€™s savouring me with his eyes, rousing extraordinary feelings in me…just as he did this morning.
â€œNow, Amelia, I blame you for thisâ€¦,â€ he moves closer, leaning towards me on the bench, lifting his brows. â€œShall we see what makes you happy? Hmm?â€
â€œUmâ€¦ I…â€ Where is my voice?
â€œUncross your legs for me.â€

domain: literature


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German Bestmalz Heidelberger is made from special, two-row malting barley varieties that are less prone to coloring during the malting process. BEST Heidelberger is particularly suitable for the production of especially light beers.The protein content of the malt is usually somewhat lower than that of a classic Pilsener malt from the corresponding harvest, but it has high extract values and very active enzymes.
|Extract fine grind, dry basis||%||80.5|
|Fine-coarse difference EBC||%||2.0|
|Protein, dry basis||%||9.0||11.5|
|Soluble nitrogen||mg/100g Malz-Trs.||610||750|
|Grading > 2.5mm||%||90.0|

domain: agronomy


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Firefighters were called to a mulch facility in Lawrence County Sunday.
If you’ve shopped at Walmart, it’s more than likely someone has greeted you at the door with a smile.
A man accused of stealing from a Walmart in Lawrence County and then leading police on a chase is now in custody.
Crews have recovered the body of a Lawrence County man from the Beaver River. The 20-year-old’s body was found 150 yards downstream from where he entered the water.

domain: news


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This was a rocket battery used by the early Chinese Ming Warrior, warriors in existence during the Ming Dynasty (1368).
It’s a long range weapon. It cast 32 arrows in one shot, which were tipped with rockets. The arrow tips themselves were tipped in poison or something flammable – to increase enemy kills. They traveled up to 5 football fields away.
The nest itself was a hexagonal tube, equipped with a shoulder strap so warriors wore them like backpacks. It protected them from flying debris.
If this weapon sounds familiar, that’s because as time continued on…the nest of bees evolved into rockets/missiles of our modern era – which continue to evolve as we speak.
Note: Although we are focusing primarily on the genre of science fiction, most, if not all, points mentioned in this post can be applied to other genres in writing!
These are only a few names known in the realm of science fiction (sci-fi from here on out.) Our own worlds have broadened because someone took the time to travel to the futuristic unknown rather than entering a fantasy world. But what are some key components to writing sci-fi? Let’s get talking!
Like any other creative writing project, planning and mapping out your story is crucial and necessarily before you dive into your tale. Not only for plot purposes but you always need to question: “how will this affect that?” You know, the usual. Depending on your sci-fi story, you’ll get the opportunity to create even further. For example, settings are new, language is different than what we know on our planet, races vary even more so than skin color…there are so many details to account for! We always recommend doing research into other novels within your genre range. Take it a step further and watch shows and movies. It’ll help further stimulate your creativity.
Something to help you indulge in your research is looking into scientific journals, new discoveries by labs or space teams, etc. This can influence your story in any way you want it to. Shaping your universe with new discoveries and current-world situations. Not only that but you’re expanding your own knowledge. what a way to kill two birds with one stone!
Our last point we’d like to highlight pertains to another question you can ask yourself. What if…? Utilizing the knowledge in the journals you find and articles you read, you can mix this with the creative details you’ve mapped out thus far. Apply your ‘what if’ question and add more depth to your story, add a new element, or a new plot line. Whatever the case may be, you’re adding something to the story by asking what if.
We can all agree: languages are fun to write, sometimes. Other times, they’re difficult to work with. There are a variety of languages, accents, dialects, and so on we have to keep track of while writing our dialogue. There is a way to write them effectively, so let’s talk about it!
The readers of this day and age don’t typically take a liking to phonetic spelling. It may not be the route to take if you want to build an audience. These readers may not want the challenge in reading non-standard English. The real downfall is how much time they’re going to spend deciphering what the characters are trying to say without diving into the deeper meaning.
Any language can relate…no one speaks their language the same way.This is where dialect plays a huge role into how language is spoken and can be portrayed in writing. When anyone learns a language in grade school, they aren’t learning the different dialects of the language…but one canlearn through native speakers in certain areas. Depending on region and ethnicity, everyone speaks differently. Utilizing modern language with minor change to the dialect and phonetic spelling here and there will improve the quality of your story. This is only important if communication between your characters is a central point in your story. Most characters interact with others – but sometimes the language in which they speak…speaks volumes for the story.
Some important bits to remember when writing in other languages or dialects are diction, syntax, and idioms. All of these key components help the conversations between your characters become unique to them. Even if things sound strange to you, it may be best to detach your experiences from that of your characters speech.
Always remember: you want your characters to come off as unique through dialogue, especially if you want your reader to be able to distinguish who’s speaking. We also want less boring and more relatable characters so you have to find the perfect balance!
We’ve loved sharing these mythological creatures and the outline of their legends/stories. We hope you’ve been just as inspired as us to create your own legend – inspired by these creatures or recreating their legend in your own retelling. In a way, we’ve traveled around the world and have explored so many countries and their legends.
If you have any other creatures we missed and you want to share, comment down below and let us know what your favorite myth is!
Rainbow Serpent | Australia
Rainbow snake that represents the cycle of the seasons.
A creator god who is a common motif in Aboriginal Australia, one of the groups of indigenous peoples of Australia.
The representation of the rainbow and the serpents are that of human life and need for water.
Although the god is angelic in a way, they can easily turn into a destructive force.
Most legends describe the serpent as being male but others have labeled it as female or androgynous and bisexual. It has a link to fertility and its association to gender and sexuality show that!
This godly snake is worshiped through rituals, usually in relation to female menstruation.
We’ve talked about multiple POVs and the importance of treating them with love; each character is a distinct person who has a unique personality worth sharing with the world. We’ve talked about havingtoo many characters and working on who to cut from the cast; we know so many authors who have created beautiful narratives with more than two characters as their MCs…but sometimes it’s not done well.
Taking things in a different direction but still referring to multiple POVs, characters, and consistency…let’s talk about your choice in writing style (if you’re taking the route we are going to be starting a conversation for.)
Being a head hopper is fun! As the writer, you get to explore different minds and see your plot unfold in your tale through the lens of diverse brains. Sometimes, you explore a single mind for one chapter, then switch to a new persona in the next. You can even write from a completely unbiased point of view…
Okay, you already know what we’re seguing into:your narrator.
It’s crucial to keep your narrating style consistent. Flopping between third omniscient to subjective/limited to objective to first person…all because it makes sense in the moment of the scene? No. Our brains hurt simply thinking about that. It’s a heavy example but it’s worth mentioning the most extreme of cases to get your editing eye trained on your work and howyou’re choosing to narrate.
The question then becomes: Am I doing this?
If you are, you should further ask yourself which POV/narrator comes off the strongest of all. Whichever one it is: choose it. Stick with it. Rewrites are a pain but the goal, if this pertains to you, is to get the work recognized as worth for publication, so it’s worth the extra time…and love!
This is the last creature of the Americas we are going to dive into. After this one, we will only have four mythological creatures left, all located in Oceania! Gah! Feels like just yesterday we were diving into the world of mythology.
What should we cover next?!
Ahuizoti | Mexico
Aquatic canine creature with a tail-hand.
The fur on this hound clumps together to create spikes. Its hands are capable of manipulation, similar to humanoids.
It likes humans, particularly nails, eyes and teeth. Shield yourself!
You’ll find this creature near water. Any bodies of water. Caves near water. All of the above. As long as it’s near water.
If prey is spotted, it’ll use its unique tail to swipe them up and drown them.
Whoever is taken, their sacrificed to the rain god, supposedly.
Anyone writing a novel should always remember: consistently consistent. From the basics like character names to heavy lore details that provide rich world-building.
Telling a linear story will make you, as the writer, feel better about your product. You’ll feel encouraged to share your story more so than before.
In order to write consistently within the words, planning is necessary. We are definitely a broken record when it comes to this topic, but that should prove how important the process of planning out your novel really is. We’re talking plot outlines, world outlines, character bios, etc. All of these are needed to create the base of your novel. If you’re not incorporating mapping time, you’re not going to write a consistent story. You’ll end up writing ten different inconsistencies and your book will never see a virtual shelf. Ever. If you need to research, take time during this stage of your writing to get the gist of it. Relating your world to the reader’s will build the bond everyone wants to have with their favorite books.
Once writing has begun to unfold, your writing style for the novel at stake should remain relatively consistent (unless it’s part of the storyline…then do what you must! Just do it in a cohesive manner.) Tone with the narrator and characters shouldn’t change throughout the novel unless tragedy strikes and alters their perspectives. The plot can change slightly, as you uncover more during the writing process, but if it’s drastic…return to your outlines. You can easily incorporate these new changes in your story; it’ll also help you see where the changes will begin to morph the rest of the tale and avoid any inconsistencies!
Hooved creature with bat-like wings and a blood-chilling scream.
It lives in the Pine Barrens in South New Jersey but is also considered a mythological creature talked about in Philadelphia.
It’s always described to be a flying biped with hooves. The combination vary: kangaroos, wyverns, goats, and horses are some of them.
The Jersey Devil started as The Leeds Devil, also the Devil of Leeds. These names originated in the 1700s about a family (the Leeds) and a crazy story surrounding Mother Leeds. Mother Leeds had 12 children and fell pregnant with a 13th child. She wasn’t exactly the happiest expecting mother. She decided to curse the 13th child, saying it would be born as the ‘Devil.’ Supposedly, the Jersey Devil is the 13th child.
Although the Jersey Devil was born in the 1700s, publications and sightings didn’t begin until the 1800s. As time went on, the name changed into the Jersey Devil. But the story still remains.
None of the stories say its attacked humans or has any reason to…but it will rampage through towns and cities, if it wants to.
It’s not in everyone’s best interest to sit in their home office to write. Works for some, not for the rest. A few may take a ride in their car to a local place they find inspirational. Others take a hit to the wallet and hop on a place to their most relaxing destination. The purpose isn’t to escape the process of writing, but lay the seed of inspiration and nourish it with the surrounding scenery.
Is anyone a location-inspired writer? If so, where do you like to write?
The beach in a comfy chair with your toes in the sand?
In a hotel with a magical view of snow-capped mountains?


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One of the foremost important areas of your house is the area. It’s an area where people get together, share stories, and luxuriate in a hearty meal, and where you do CFD trading. Whether you’re having a typical dinner with you and your other relations or hosting a banquet together with your friends and loved ones over the vacations, the vibrancy that exudes from the dining room enables closeness with each other. And a bit like the other a part of your home, this spot must have a particular feel that might help make every meal with friends and family pleasant and meaningful.
Of course, you would like to require under consideration the general design of your area to urge that certain feel you would like to realize. Once you plan to refurbish this spot in your home, you would like to think about mixing and matching certain colours for your furniture, choosing the simplest flooring type, and placing certain fixtures like lighting and other necessities. Your dining room shouldn’t only function a receiving area for your guests and relations to enjoy their breakfast, lunch, or dinner, but also show aesthetic appeal. Obviously, placing what and where should be taken into consideration.
Thus, here are a number of the area design tips you would like to seem at for your home:
- Dining room spaces often vary, so it’s important that you simply maximize your own. Obviously, you don’t want to clutter the entire area. Indeed, you want to make sure that most are ready to sit and obtain off the chairs before and after eating, to not mention be ready to move around in and out of the space. So, it might be best to think about the positioning of the cupboards, the board and chairs, and other decorations within the area, consistent with the theme that you simply want and therefore the size of the entire area.
- Lighting is a crucial aspect that you simply shouldn’t ignore when decorating your area. Indeed, the fixture shouldn’t only be just a mere decoration; it should be functional also. It should be ready to set the mood on the sort of gathering you’ll have inside your home, regardless if it involves eating meals or otherwise. Therein regard, it should be imperative that the fixture must have dimming controls to scale back and intensify the quantity of sunshine emitting from it. Chandeliers, as an example, are placed above the board, and since they’re fixtures that stand out above the other décor within the dining room, you want to consider their style, finish and other lighting qualities
- Your dining room table is that the centrepiece of your dining room, and, like lighting, must both be functional and classy. It should complement the opposite décor pieces in your dining room, also as be sturdy enough to face up to years of use. The colour, style, and shape of the table and its complementing chairs must be ready to dictate the general vibe of the area. You’ll choose an oblong or round table no matter the room’s size, or if you would like to travel modern, choose a square-shaped one.
Apart from the aforementioned tips above, you’ll ask a home design professional to assist you extra with regards to the specified style and theme for your area, especially if you also use that area for CFD trading. That way, you’ll attain what you think about because the signature style for your dining room area that might accentuate your whole home. Lastly, there are many websites that offer different fixtures and home items that you can buy for your home so finding the right ones will not be difficult.

domain: design


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Urban nature was the theme of Michael Kors’ Spring/Summer 2021 Collection, which debuted this morning at 9 AM (NY time) on
MichaelKors-Collection.com and the brand’s social media channels. From the location in a New York Restoration Project community garden to a musical performance by American Idol winner Samantha Diaz, the show immersed guests in the season’s
inspiration: nature in the city and the spirit of New York.
“I designed this season with more thought and more intent than anything I've ever done,” said Michael Kors. “We were all forced to slow down this year, and I think we all started to appreciate things in a new way—suddenly, a flower blooming, a beautiful sunset, a walk along the river, these were things that brought us hope. I wanted to look at nature and rebirth through an urban lens.”
The collection debuted through a multi-layered digital experience accessible at MichaelKors-Collection.com. The site features three videos: a documentary-style film, directed by newcomer Haley Elizabeth Anderson, that immerses viewers in the mood
and inspiration of the season; a traditional runway show, filmed in a New York Restoration Project community garden and featuring a live performance by Samantha Diaz; and a music video centered on Diaz’s moving performance of “You’ve Got a
Friend,” written by Carole King.
Michael Kors Michael Kors Collection Spring-Summer 2021
Michael Kors Collection Spring-Summer 2021 Collection
Up On The Roof
The documentary, titled Up On The Roof, brings viewers inside Michael’s inspiration and his process for the season. Narrated by designer Michael Kors, the film explores the spirit of New York City, the strength of its people and the endless possibilities the city provides. It also includes a special guest appearance by Bette Midler, who founded New York Restoration Project in 1995 and has dedicated herself to making the city a more beautiful place ever since.

domain: artistic


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Here are five players moving down our latest Top 50 prospect rankings:
James Taillon, SP, Pirates (Down from No. 12 to No. 20) – Taillon is currently out for the year after Tommy John surgery and he wasn’t quite a finished product before the injury. Unlike Bundy, who had the complete package before getting hurt, Taillon had yet to harness his stuff. He’ll open next season as a 23-year-old and he’ll need to quickly sharpen his command and develop more consistency with his off-speed to get himself back on the prospect track. Taillon still has the ceiling of a No. 2 starter, but losing a critical year of development time makes him a riskier bet to reach his potential.
Robert Stephenson, SP, Reds (Down from No. 23 to No. 30) – Stephenson has absolutely electric stuff – triple-digit fastball, put-away breaking ball, quality changeup – and was poised to crack the Reds’ staff sometime in 2014. However, command issues in Double-A have stalled his rise. Only 21 years old, Stephenson has plenty of time to get back on track. However, the No. 2-starter upside that seemed almost a lock is now a few more steps away than it appeared earlier this season.
Maikel Franco, 3B, Phillies (Down from No. 40 to No. 45) – Franco hasn’t fallen that far in my rankings, but I was cautious in rating him last spring because of his poor plate discipline and concerns about his ability to succeed against advanced pitching. Those worries have been borne out this season as Franco has looked over-matched at Triple-A. He’s only 21 years old and the Phillies have no need to rush him, so there’s plenty of time for him to refine his approach. However, while Franco entered 2014 with an opportunity to crack the big league roster before midseason, now he looks at least another year or more away.
Albert Almora, OF, Cubs (Down from No. 32 to No. 49) – Almora was already quite polished coming out of high school and his lackluster performance as a professional is raising questions about whether he has already reached his ceiling. Almora makes up for average tools with above-average instincts and hard work. With good hand/eye coordination and an ability to hit to all fields, Almora should hit for average. However, he has below-average speed and his power hasn’t developed as many scouts had expected. Long-term he may still turn into a quality major league hitter, but right now he’s looking decidedly average.
Aaron Sanchez, SP, Blue Jays (Down from No. 29 to No. 50) – Despite decent success at Double-A (3.82 ERA in 14 starts) and a recent promotion to Triple-A, Sanchez’s command has regressed even further this season and he is now walking more than 5.0 batters per nine innings. With a big fastball and an impressive three-pitch mix, Sanchez profiles as a No. 2 or No. 3 starter. However, if he continues to walk hitters at his current rate, he’ll end up in the bullpen instead.

domain: sports


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The House was in the process of considering the fiscal year 2010 budget that had been agreed to by representatives from the House and Senate. Before the budget, or most other measures, can be considered, the House must first pass a resolution or “rule” setting the terms for debate of the measure. The House Rules Committee presented the rule for the fiscal year 2010 budget on the same day the vote on it was scheduled. House procedures require that a two third approval be given before a rule can be considered on the same day it is presented. This was a vote on a motion to waive that two thirds requirement, and requiring only a majority approval for this accelerated process.
Rep. McGovern (D-MA), who led the effort to obtain the waiver, noted that it was necessary to accelerate approval of the budget, because it was “a critical document (that) comes at a critical time in our country.”
Rep. Dreier (R-CA), who led the opposition to the waiver, described the effort to obtain it as “a mechanism to circumvent House rules in order to hastily cram through legislation.” He agreed that the acceleration of consideration for a budget would be needed if the government were running out of money, but that was not the case here. He also noted that, under the Budget Act, Congress is supposed to approve a budget by April 15, but that date had already passed. Dreier added that the “Democratic leadership wasn't in a hurry when that deadline came and went, and there is no new deadline at all that needs to be met right now . . . (since) the next recess . . . is about a month away . . . .”
Dreier also said: “(T)he only thing that I can figure out is that tomorrow marks the conclusion of the President's first 100 days . . . (but a) problem rises when his party cares more about symbolism and photo opportunities than taking the power of the purse, (and) our constitutional responsibility. . . I would hope that the Democratic leadership would care more about fiscal responsibility than a photo opportunity.”
McGovern responded by noting that the Members had “a full debate” when the House version of the budget resolution was considered. He referenced the fact that this included voting on four separate substitute budgets, which ranged from the one offered by the Congressional Progressive Caucus to the one offered by the conservative Republican Study Committee. McGovern also noted that House Members would have twenty-four hours to review the House-Senate budget agreement that the rule covered, before voting on it.
The motion to waive the two thirds requirement was approved by a vote of 233-191. Two hundred and thirty-two Democrats and one Republican voted “aye”. One hundred and seventy-four Republicans and seventeen Democrats voted “nay”. As a result, the two-thirds requirement was waived and the House was immediately able to take up the rule setting the terms for debating the final 2010 budget.

domain: politics


A non-Noether conserved quantity, i.e. Hojman conserved quantity, of the nonholonomic mechanical systems is presented. Using the special Lie symmetry under infinitesimal transformations in which the time is not variable, the determining equations, the constrained restriction equations and the additional restriction equations of the nonholonomic mechanical systems are given. The Hojman conserved quantity of the corresponding holonomic systems, the weakly Hojman conserved quantity and the strongly Hojman conserved quantity of the nonholonomic systems are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.


Surface preparation is the essential first stage treatment of a steel substrate before the application of any coating, and is generally accepted as being the most important factor affecting the total success of a corrosion protection system.
The performance of a coating is significantly influenced by its ability to adhere properly to the substrate material. Residual millscale on steel surfaces is an unsatisfactory base to apply modern, high performance protective coatings and is therefore removed by abrasive blast cleaning. Other surface contaminants on the rolled steel surface, such as oil and grease are also undesirable and must be removed before the blast cleaning process.
The surface preparation process not only cleans the steel, but also introduces a suitable profile to receive the protective coating.
[top]Initial surface condition
Structural steel elements in new structures are usually either hot rolled sections or fabricated plate girders. The initial steel surfaces normally comply with rust grades A or B according to BS EN ISO 8501-1. Material that is pitted, i.e. rust grades C or D, should be avoided if possible, since it is difficult to clean all the corrosion products from the pits during surface preparation. Descriptions of rust grades A to D are as follows
A - Steel surface largely covered with adhering mill scale, but little if any rust
B - Steel surface which has begun to rust and from which mill scale has begun to flake
C - Steel surface on which the mill scale has rusted away or from which it can be scraped, but with slight pitting under normal vision
D - Steel surface on which the mill scale has rusted away and on which general pitting is visible under normal vision
[top]Methods of preparation and grades of cleanliness
Various methods and grades of cleanliness are presented in BS EN ISO 8501-1. This standard essentially refers to the surface appearance of the steel after hand cleaning, power tool cleaning, abrasive blast cleaning or flame cleaning and gives descriptions with pictorial references of the grades of cleanliness.
[top]Hand and power tool cleaning
Surface cleaning by hand tools such as scrapers and wire brushes is relatively ineffective in removing mill scale or adherent rust. Power tools offer a slight improvement over manual methods and these methods can be approximately 30% to 50% effective but are not usually utilised for new steelwork fabrications. Where it is not possible to clean by abrasive blasting, hand and power tool methods may be the only acceptable alternative methods.
Modern power tooling has been developed not only to achieve a good standard of surface cleanliness and profile but also to provide near total containment of all dust and debris generated. New equipment is now available to use percussive reciprocating needles, rotary abrasive coated flaps and right-angle grinders, all within a vacuum shroud to enable on-site surface preparation to be environmentally acceptable.
- St. 2: Thorough hand and power tool cleaning
- St. 3: Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning
[top]Abrasive blast cleaning
By far the most significant and important method used for the thorough cleaning of mill-scaled and rusted surfaces is abrasive blast cleaning. This method involves mechanical cleaning by the continuous impact of abrasive particles at high velocities on to the steel surface either in a jet stream of compressed air or by centrifugal impellers. The latter method requires large stationary equipment fitted with radial bladed wheels onto which the abrasive is fed. As the wheels revolve at high speed, the abrasive is thrown onto the steel surface, the force of impact being determined by the size of the wheels and their radial velocity. Modern facilities of this type use several wheels, typically 4 to 8, configured to treat all the surfaces of the steel being cleaned. The abrasives are recycled with separator screens to remove fine particles. This process can be 100% efficient in the removal of mill scale and rust.
The standard grades of cleanliness for abrasive blast cleaning in accordance with BS EN ISO 8501-1 are:
- Sa 1 – Light blast cleaning
- Sa 2 – Thorough blast cleaning
- Sa 2½ – Very thorough blast cleaning
- Sa 3 – Blast cleaning to visually clean steel
Specifications for bridge steelwork usually require either Sa 2½ or Sa 3 grades.
The cleaned surfaces should be compared with the appropriate reference photograph in the standard according to the specification.
A very wide range of abrasives is available. These can be non-metallic (metal slags, aluminium oxide, etc) and metallic (steel shot or grit, etc)
The particle size of the abrasive is also an important factor affecting the rate and efficiency of cleaning. In general terms, fine grades are efficient in cleaning relatively new steelwork, whereas coarse grades may be required for heavily corroded surfaces. The removal of rust from pitted steel is more easily effected by fine grades and, depending upon the condition of the steel surface, a mixture of grades may be required initially to break down and remove mill scale and clean in pitted areas.
Manual blast cleaning
(Video courtesy of Corrodere/MPI)
This method uses an oxy/gas flame that is passed over the steel surface. The sudden heating causes rust scales to flake off as a result of differential expansion between the scales and the steel surface. All loose rust can then be removed by scraping and wire brushing followed by dust removal. Flame cleaning is not an economic method and may damage coatings on the reverse side of the surface being treated. Also the technique is not very effective in removing all rust from steel, so it is rarely used.
This process involves immersing the steel in a bath of suitable inhibited acids that dissolve or remove the millscale and rust but do not appreciably attack the exposed steel surface. The cleaning can be 100% effective. Acid picking is normally only used for structural steel intended for hot-dip galvanizing.
[top]Removal of soluble iron corrosion products
Depending upon the condition of the steelwork prior to blast cleaning, there may be surface contaminants present other than mill scale and rust. Initial steel surface conditions of Grades A to C are unlikely to be affected, however Grade D condition (steelwork that is pitted) could contain contaminants within the pits that may not be removed by the dry blast cleaning process. The testing for soluble iron corrosion products is not usually required for new steelwork but is sometimes carried out on steelwork which has been stored in an external environment for long periods of time and on existing structures undergoing maintenance treatments.
[top]Wet abrasive blast cleaning
The introduction of water into an abrasive blast stream contributes to the reduction of the dust hazard, particularly when removing old lead based paints and water-soluble contaminants. Several methods of using water with abrasives have been developed. Conventional wet abrasive blast cleaning uses the same pressures as for conventional dry blasting and similar equipment. The water is usually introduced immediately behind the nozzle so that it is atomised and accelerated through the nozzle orifice along with the air and abrasive. Water can also be introduced in controlled amounts at the base of the blast pot and is then mixed with the air and abrasive as it passes along the blast hose.
A low pressure system exists in which water is injected into the air stream which then shrouds the air/abrasive mixture and prevents dust escaping during the blasting operation. The air/water pressure at the nozzle is relatively low; up to 7.0kgF/cm2 (100lbF/in2). Because of the low water to air ratio of the system, fine particulates of abrasive can remain on the steel surface and need to be removed by water washing. This method can produce a high visual standard of cleaning and is effective in removing a high proportion of soluble salts.
Some wet abrasive processes use inhibitors in the water to prevent rusting of the cleaned surface. It is important to establish whether any remaining traces of such inhibitors will be compatible with the paint coating to be applied subsequently. Generally, where inhibitors are not used, any surface rusting after wet abrasive blasting is usually removed by final light dry blast cleaning.
[top]Ultra-high pressure water jetting
Ultra-high pressure water jetting over 1,700 bar (25,000psi) is gaining in popularity, partly because of its ability to remove high percentages of soluble salts from the steel surface. It has the advantage of not generating spent abrasive and not incurring the cost of abrasive disposal. Also, at the higher pressures, lower volumes of water are used, and this makes disposal costs lower than with traditional water blasting methods. Ultra-high pressure water jetting leaves a warm surface from which traces of residual water quickly dry, but does not generate sufficient heat to cause thermal stress in the steel surface.
The removal of a high proportion of soluble salts from the steel surface is seen to be the major advantage of ultra-high pressure water jetting. Rust and coatings are sheared and lifted from the surface relatively easily compared with other blasting methods. Soluble salts are removed more effectively because the steel profile generally remains unchanged.
Injecting small amounts of abrasive into the water stream can induce a rougher surface profile but can also increase operating costs. The surface preparation by Ultra-high pressure water jetting is covered by BS EN ISO 8501-4.
Ultra-high pressure water jetting is an extremely versatile and effective method of removing paint and metal coatings, soluble salts and other contaminants from steel surfaces. It is environmentally friendly and, although at present it is costly compared with traditional blast cleaning methods, it is considered to be an emerging technology which will, in the near future, rival and possibly replace traditional open abrasive blast cleaning methods.
UHP water jetting
(Video courtesy of Corrodere/MPI)
[top]Surface profile and amplitude
The type and size of the abrasive used in blast cleaning have a significant effect on the profile and amplitude produced. In addition to the degree of cleanliness, surface preparation specifications should also consider ‘roughness’ relative to the coating to be applied. High build paint coatings and thermally sprayed metal coatings need a coarse angular surface profile to provide a mechanical key. This is achieved by using grit abrasives. Shot abrasives are used for thin film paint coatings such as pre-fabrication primers.
The difference between shot and grit abrasives and the corresponding surface profiles produced is illustrated below in the three-dimensional diagrams obtained from noncontact surface characterisation equipment.
The surface treatment specification should describe the surface roughness required, usually as an indication of the average amplitude achieved by the blast cleaning process. Several methods have been developed to measure or assess the distance between the peaks and troughs of blast cleaned surfaces. These have included comparator panels, special dial gauges, replica tapes and traversing stylus equipment. Usually, comparators or replica tapes are used, and the relevant standards are BS EN ISO 8503-1 and BS EN ISO 8503-5 respectively.
The blast cleaning operation produces large quantities of dust and debris that must be removed from the abraded surface. Automatic plants are usually equipped with mechanical brushes and air blowers. Other methods can utilise sweeping and vacuum cleaning. However, the effectiveness of these cleaning operations may not be readily visible, and the presence of fine residual dust particles that could interfere with coating adhesion can be checked for using a pressure sensitive tape pressed onto the blast cleaned surface. The tape, along with any dust adhering to it, is then placed on a white background and compared to a pictorial rating. This method is described in BS EN ISO 8502-3. Although the standard provides a method of checking for dust, there are no recommendations for acceptable levels.
[top]Surface condition immediately before coating
After the preparation of the surface to an acceptable standard of cleanliness and profile, it is important that the steelwork is not allowed to deteriorate. Re-rusting can occur very quickly in a damp environment and unless the steel is maintained in a dry condition coating of the surface should proceed as soon as possible. Any re-rusting of the surface should be considered as a contaminant and be removed by re-blasting.
[top]Additional surface treatments
After abrasive blast cleaning, it is possible to examine for surface imperfections and surface alterations caused during fabrication processes, e.g. welding. Certain surface imperfections introduced during the original processing of the steel may not be detrimental to the performance of a coating in service, particularly for structures in relatively low risk environment categories. However, depending upon the specific requirements of the structure, it may be necessary to remove general surface imperfections on welds and cut edges to produce an acceptable surface condition for painting.
Weldments on fabricated structural steelwork represent a relatively small but important part of the structure and can produce variable surface profile and uneven surfaces or sharp projections that can cause premature failure of the coating. Although welded areas are inspected, the requirements for weld quality do not usually consider the requirements for coating. Welds must be continuous and free from pinholes, sharp projections and excessive undercutting. Weld spatter and residual slags should also be removed.
BS EN ISO 8501-3:2006 describes preparation grades of welds, cut edges and other areas, on steel surfaces with imperfections to make the steel surfaces suitable for the application of coatings. Three preparation grades are described, with illustrated examples of relevant imperfections, as:
- P1- Light Preparation
- P2 - Thorough Preparation
- P3 - Very Thorough Preparation
The selected preparation grade is correlated with the environment corrosivity category (C1 to C5 as described in BS EN ISO 12944 Part 2) as appropriate for the structure.
Sawn and flame-cut ends and edges need treatment to ensure that the coating adheres and is of sufficient thickness.
At outside arrises (i.e. the meeting between two surfaces) there is a potential problem when there is a sharp (i.e. 90°) edge, because the fluid coating will not cover it properly (see right). Consequently, they should be smoothed by grinding or filing. It is generally considered sufficient to smooth the corner to a radius of about 2mm; chamfering to 45° is also effective, but it is difficult to avoid leaving some sharp edges when attempting this with hand tools. It can be argued that with modern high-build coatings and the use of stripe coats (an extra coat applied only locally), smoothing to a 1mm radius is adequate. Network Rail specifies a minimum radius of 3mm and this is considered by some steelwork contractors to be an onerous requirement.
In addition to the requirement for smoothing arrises, the National Highways’ Specification for Highway Works, specifies the application of one or more stripe coats for all external corners (and for welds and fasteners, for a similar reason).
For the treatment of flame-cut surfaces, which are harder than the rolled surface, refer to Steel Bridge Group Guidance Note GN 5.06.
[top]Site painting considerations
[top]Site connections and splices
Girder splices and connection details are often not given full protection in the shop, leaving the connection zones to be made good on site. A frequent consequence is that these zones are the least well prepared and protected, and are the first to show signs of breakdown. Hence, it is important to pay special attention to the corrosion protection of these areas.
At welded connections, the key factors in ensuring the effectiveness of the coating system are the effectiveness of the protection before final coating. The areas local to welds are usually masked, to prevent them being coated. The masking stays in place until the joint is welded; this is not an ideal form of protection if there is prolonged exposure before welding.
After welding, it is essential that the joint surfaces, including the weld itself, are prepared to the specified standard of cleanliness and profile. Because of the contamination that occurs from the welding flux, particular attention needs to be paid to cleaning off all residues.
The surfaces of welds themselves should not need any grinding if they comply with the requirements of BS EN 1011: Part 2 for smoothness and blending into the parent metal. However, rough profiles, badly formed start-stops, sharp undercut and other defects such as adherent weld spatter should be removed by careful grinding. Particular attention needs to be paid to the blast cleaned profile because weld metal is harder and site blast cleaning is more difficult than shop blasting.
Preloaded bolted connections merit particular consideration, both of the surfaces that will remain exposed and of those that will not (e.g. the faying surfaces). The friction surfaces are usually either unpainted or metal sprayed without sealer. Hence, they need to be protected (usually by masking tape) until the parts are finally bolted together.
Attention should be paid to the removal of any adhesive used on the protective films for the faying surfaces, and to the removal of any lubricants used on the threads of bolts. Care should also be taken to avoid contamination of surfaces during bolting up. For example, older air-power wrenches tend to produce a fine oily or misty exhaust which may settle on the surface.
[top]Surfaces in contact with concrete
Surfaces in contact with concrete are usually, with the exception of a marginal strip at the edges of the interface, blast cleaned bare steel. The marginal strip should be treated as an external surface, except that only the shop coats need be applied. The width of the marginal strip should ideally be at least equal to the required cover to the reinforcement, for the same exposure condition. A width of 50mm is common. Any aluminium metal spray on surfaces in contact with concrete needs to receive at least one coat of paint to prevent the reaction that may occur between concrete and aluminium. It is recommended that any shear connectors on composite beams are positioned such that they (and their welds) do not lie within the marginal strip; they should also be protected against overspray of the coating.
[top]Damage during handling
During handling, turning and assembly, damage to edges and to surfaces by the use of sharp-toothed clamps must be avoided by taking precautionary measures, such as the use of lifting devices with soft renewable contact surfaces or properly designed lifting cleats. If damage does occur, it must be carefully blended out by grinding (and the full protective treatment restored, with specified overlaps between coats).
[top]Cleanliness at site
Just as surface cleanliness before first coating is fundamental to performance of the system, so is the cleanliness of painted surfaces prior to the application of subsequent coats. On site, thorough cleaning shortly before painting is always necessary to remove contamination accumulated over time and from construction activities including dust, grout leaks from concreting, and the products of blast cleaning, bolting and welding.
- BS EN ISO 8501-1: 2007, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. Visual assessment of surface cleanliness. Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of substrates after overall removal of previous coatings, ISO
- BS EN ISO 8504-3: 2018, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. Surface preparation methods. Hand- and power-tool cleaning, BSI
- BS EN ISO 8501-4: 2020, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. Visual assessment of surface cleanliness. Initial surface conditions, preparation grades and flash rust grades in connection with water jetting, ISO
- BS EN ISO 8503-1: 2012, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. Surface roughness characteristics of blast cleaned steel substrates. Specifications and definitions for ISO surface profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces, BSI
- BS EN ISO 8503-5: 2017, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. Surface roughness characteristics of blast cleaned steel substrates. Replica tape method for the determination of the surface profile, BSI
- BS EN ISO 8502-3: 2017, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness. Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure-sensitive tape method), BSI
- BS EN ISO 8501-3: 2007 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products -- Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 3: Preparation grades of welds, edges and other areas with surface imperfections. BSI
- BS EN ISO 12944-2: 2017, Paints and varnishes. Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems. Classification of environments, BSI
- Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works: Volume 1 - Specification for Highway Works, Series 1900 Protection of steelwork against corrosion, August 2014, The Stationery Office
- BS EN 1011-2, 2001, Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials. Arc welding of ferritic steels. BSI
- Hendy, C.R.; Iles, D.C. (2015) Steel Bridge Group: Guidance Notes on best practice in steel bridge construction (6th Issue). (P185). SCI
- Steel Buildings, 2003, The British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.
- Chapter 12 – Corrosion Protection
- D.Deacon & R.Hudson (2012), Steel Designer’s Manual (7th Edition), Chapter 36 - Corrosion and corrosion prevention, The Steel Construction Institute.
- D.A. Bayliss & D.H.Deacon (2002), Steelwork Corrosion Control (2nd edition), Spon Press.
- Corrosion of structural steel
- Influence of design on corrosion
- Paint coatings
- Standard corrosion protection systems for buildings
- Metallic coatings
- Appropriate specifications
- Inspection and quality control


text:
Fattu in Corsica - Made on Corsica of 100% Corsican Fruit!
GreenAge’s 100% fruit delicacies make a party of every sandwich or cracker. But they also match extremely well with all kinds of cheeses! Our chestnut-based delicacies guarantee the same “hurray!” and are a wonderful base for all kinds of homemade cakes and pastries!
GreenAge fruit and chestnut delicacies are made by Charles Antona, who was born and raised on Corsica. All fruit used, is grown by Corsican farmers who charish typical Corsican fruit varieties, such as Corsican clementines – a local tangerine variety. They have been growing their fruits for Monsieur Antona exclusively for years now. Over the last 20 years Monsieur Antona has transformed the Antona family fields into an organic fig plantation - therefore the figs used in the fig confiture, come from his own land.

domain: food


text:
How much are shipping container homes? Shipping container houses cost between $10,000 and $35,000, depending on the design and number of containers used. Shipping container homes are becoming increasingly popular as a means of reducing housing costs.
Shipping container homes are usually cheaper than traditional houses because the materials used in constructing them are less expensive.
In this article, we’ll look at the costs of building a container home from start to finish and discuss some advantages of using steel shipping containers for your next construction project.
It isn’t always easy answering the question: “How much are container homes?” That’s because most buyers and sellers have no idea what kind of shipping container homes they’re talking about.
Will it be an old, worn-out pet bottle that has been transformed into a house, or will it be a newly manufactured container in top-notch condition? It really doesn’t matter if you’re looking to buy or sell. The answer will always be different depending on what you are asking about.
How much are shipping container homes?
including the size and location of your property. The average price of a 2,000-square-foot container home is around $90,000 to $120,000.
A small 1,200-square-foot container home costs around $50,000 to $60,000. A large 3,500-square-foot home with two bedrooms and three bathrooms costs around $150,000 to $200,000.
Typically, container homes are priced per square foot.This means that if you’re looking for a 1,200-square-foot home and want two bedrooms and one bathroom, your total cost will be about $65 per square foot.
If you want a 3,500-square-foot house with two bedrooms and three bathrooms, then your total cost will be about $140 per square foot (which works out to about $80 per square foot per bedroom).
The cost of building a shipping container home depends on several factors: the size of the house, the location, and whether you want to build from scratch or renovate an existing structure.
Most people who choose to go with this type of construction opt for a single room or two, but there are some larger homes out there as well.
The average cost of constructing a standard 1,200-square-foot house made up of two 40-foot containers ranges from $25,000 to $50,000. That figure includes materials for framing, insulation, and wiring as well as labor costs for assembly and installation.
If you’re looking at larger containers, insulation, and wiring as well as labor costs for assembly and installation, If you’re looking at larger containers—say, 90 feet instead of 40—expect the cost to go up proportionately.
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- Container homes are built using steel shipping containers
- Costs can vary depending on the size and complexity of the design
- A shipping container home is made by combining multiple containers
- Shipping container homes are typically built in one of two ways
- Shipping container homes are cheaper to build than traditional homes
- The cost of a container home will depend on its size and interior features
- Advantages of building with a shipping container
- How long does it take to build a house with shipping container?
- Building with shipping containers can be affordable and high quality
Container homes are built using steel shipping containers
Container homes are built using steel shipping containers. The containers themselves can be purchased or rented from companies such as Global Modular Systems, which sells them for $2,500–3,000 per unit.
There are many different sizes of shipping containers, but most people use 20-foot high cube containers that are 8 feet wide by 8 feet long by 8 feet tall.
A standard home has a footprint of 960 square feet, so a 20-foot container will give you enough room for a studio apartment or small cottage with one bedroom and one bathroom.
To make it livable, you’ll need to add insulation and heating/AC units before you build any walls or floors on top of the container itself.
This can be done by adding plywood boards onto the inside of each wall panel and then installing insulation around them before finishing with drywall or plasterboard panels on top so that you have a finished interior surface on all sides.
- Shipping containers are used to transport goods across the world.
- They are made of corrugated steel and can be stacked on top of each other, connected together with a hinge.
- The highly durable material can also be waterproofed, fireproofed, and insulated to create a comfortable home or office space.
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Costs can vary depending on the size and complexity of the design
A shipping container home is made by combining multiple containers. It can be as simple as two or three stacked on top of each other with a simple door or as complicated as one that has been cut up into separate rooms.
Depending on the size and complexity of the design, construction costs can vary quite a bit. Before you begin building your own shipping container home, it’s important to consider all of the costs involved in the process.
While it’s possible to get started for very little money, if you want to create a high-end home, you will need more money than most people have available in their savings accounts. A shipping container home is made by combining multiple containers.
It can be as simple as two or three stacked on top of each other with a simple door or as complicated as one that has been cut up into separate rooms. Depending on the size and complexity of the design, construction costs can vary quite a bit.
Before you begin building your own shipping container home, it’s important to consider all of the costs involved in the process.
While it’s possible to get started for very little money, if you want to create a high-end home, you will need more money than most people have available in their savings accounts.
The cost of shipping a container home will vary depending on the size and complexity of the design. Larger homes will be more expensive than smaller ones, and more complex designs will be more expensive than simpler ones.
Container homes are less expensive than traditional brick-and-mortar houses, but they may not be as affordable as you might expect. When compared to other building materials such as wood or concrete, shipping containers can actually be more expensive per square foot.
However, this gap has narrowed considerably in recent years—and it continues to narrow as improvements in technology make shipping containers lighter and easier to work with.
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A shipping container home is made by combining multiple containers
Shipping container homes are often used by those who want to live off-grid or have limited space for building a home. They can also provide affordable housing for those who need it most.
Because shipping container homes use multiple units, they are often considerably smaller than traditional homes, and some people choose to build multi-unit structures so that each unit can be used for different purposes.
For example, one unit might be designed as a living room, while another might serve as a bedroom or office space.
A shipping container home is a temporary or permanent living space that is made by combining multiple containers. Container homes can be built in one of two ways: as an independent structure, with the containers stacked on top of each other to form a multi-story house.
This kind of home is usually used as temporary housing, and it usually has less insulation than other container homes, so it costs more to heat and cool.
as an insert within another building, like an apartment building or commercial structure. The inserts are typically installed on the ground floor or basement level, but if enough space is available, they can also be installed above ground.
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Shipping container homes are typically built in one of two ways
Shipping container homes can be built in one of two ways. One is to use the shipping container as-is and simply place it on a foundation or build it up from the ground.
The other way is to choose a prefabricated house kit that uses a large number of steel panels and bolts them together, like an erector set for adults.
There are pros and cons to each method—the DIY option requires more time and effort, but you get to choose your own materials and style.
It also lets you change your home in any way you want (within reason), which is helpful if you have special needs or a disability that needs to be taken into account.
On the other hand, pre-fab kits offer greater flexibility with regard to size and layout—for example, you might not have enough space available at home for a full 40-foot container but could easily accommodate four 20-foot containers instead.
Similarily, many people opt for three 40-foot containers because they’re so spacious that they feel more like houses than mobile homes (even though they technically aren’t).
Shipping container homes are cheaper to build than traditional homes
You may be surprised to learn that the cost of building a shipping container home is cheaper than that of a traditional home. Shipping containers are already made, eliminating the need for construction materials like wood and concrete.
The average cost of shipping containers is around $1,700 each (though this figure can vary depending on your location). This means that if you need 10 shipping containers for your project.
The total cost would be approximately $17,000 in comparison to 100 square feet of lumber at $170 per square foot, which would come out to $1700!
Furthermore, no foundation is required because most homes are built directly on the ground or another solid surface with no additional support required.
This also means fewer costs associated with digging into the soil as opposed to pouring concrete footings under every wall frame inside your house (which add up quickly when you consider how much concrete is needed).
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The cost of a container home will depend on its size and interior features
The cost of shipping container homes varies widely, depending on the size and features of the home. The size of a container is measured by its length, breadth, and height (LxBxH).
Shipping containers are standardized at 20 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 8 feet high; however, some models can be up to 30 feet long.
A single container can be used for a small studio apartment or a large two-bedroom house with enough surface area for an outdoor patio or porch.
To determine how many containers you need for your project, you’ll need to consider your desired square footage as well as how many doors you want in your house (one door per room is recommended).
There are also different types of doors available: Aluminum swing doors have no glass panels, while insulated steel swing doors do have glass panels.
Both types offer good insulation properties and work well in most climates, but aluminum swing doors tend to be cheaper than insulated steel ones. Once you know how big your shipping container home is going to be (and therefore how many will fit on site),
It’s time to think about interior features that may impact costs, such as kitchen countertops, flooring options, and windows, which all come at varying price points based on the material type and style chosen.
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Advantages of building with a shipping container
If you’re looking for a house that will be easy on your wallet but not lacking in style and comfort, a shipping container home may be the answer. Here are some of the most notable advantages of building with these sturdy metal boxes:
They’re affordable. A standard 40-foot shipping container can cost anywhere from $2,500 to $5,000, depending on its condition and whether it needs to be completely refurbished.
If you want to add insulation or other amenities before using it as your residence, expect to spend an additional few thousand dollars on materials like flooring and windows.
They require little maintenance and are durable enough to last for decades without major repairs being needed (unless they’re hit by lightning).
In addition to being strong enough to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes—something many people consider when deciding where they would like their new home built—shipping containers are also durable.
Pests such as termites and rodents can cause long-term damage if left unchecked in an enclosed space with poor ventilation, such as most traditional homes today!
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How long does it take to build a house with shipping container?
This answer depends on several factors, including the size of the house and complexity of the design. For example, a small container house might be completed within one month or less, while a design with complex elements could take up to a year.
The exact amount of time it takes to build a house with shipping containers varies depending on the size of your property and the complexity of your design.
If you are building a simple one-room structure with no plumbing or electricity, you could have it up in as little as three weeks. However, if you have more sophisticated needs like plumbing and electrical wiring, expect it to take six months or more for completion.
The process is usually broken down into several steps:
- Designing your home (a few days)
- ordering all necessary materials (2–3 weeks)
- Container assembly and fitting (approximately 10-14 days).
Building your own home can be quite an overwhelming task, especially if you don’t know what you’re doing or how to go about it. Shipping containers are one of the simplest ways to build your own home because they are readily available and inexpensive.
You can purchase them online or from local stores near you at an affordable price range starting from $1,500 to $2,000, depending on their condition and size.
The most common type of used shipping containers that people use for building houses are 20- and 40-foot ones, as they provide more space for living.
Compared to smaller ones, such as 10′ ones, which are not good enough for living spaces but can be used for storage purposes only (which is also the main reason why many people get them).
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Building with shipping containers can be affordable and high quality
You can get a lot of bang for your buck by shipping a container home. Because they’re so affordable, you can afford to spend more on the quality materials that go into your home.
For example, you could use high-end flooring or wallpaper (instead of cheap laminate) and choose energy-efficient windows.
Shipping containers are also built to withstand extreme weather conditions like hurricanes, which means you won’t need as much insulation in them as other structures would require.
Additionally, shipping container homes are sustainable because they’re made from recycled materials—which means they won’t contribute to landfills!
And because they don’t have to be transported by truck each time they’re moved, there are less greenhouse gas emissions produced than if traditional houses were moved.
built using similar materials since their construction would involve more transportation infrastructure like roads and railways, which themselves produce significant amounts of carbon dioxide pollution into our atmosphere each year.
not only due to the vehicles themselves but also to all those trucks needed during construction too!
Plus, building with these recycled items gives people access who otherwise wouldn’t be able to afford traditional housing options due to both economic factors and affordability limits set forth by local governments.
along with regulations surrounding zoning laws around where certain types of buildings may be constructed based on what type of permit(s) need to be applied for first (e.g., residential vs. commercial).
1. How much does it cost to build a container ship house?
Between $10,000 and $30,000 depending on style and number of container use during contruction.
2. Are shipping container homes actually cheaper?
Yes, absolutely compare to traditional house.
3. How long do container homes last?
Container homes can last 40 years and above.
4. How much does a 40ft shipping container cost?
It cost between $3500 and $6000.
5. Are shipping container homes safe?
Shipping container homes are very safe to live in.
6. What is the standard size of a shipping container home?
Shipping containers usually come in two sizes, either 20 feet by 8 feet or 40 feet by 8 feet.
7. Where can I place my shipping container home?
Mostly on your property.
8. Are shipping container houses mobile?
No, shipping container house are not mobile.
Shipping container homes are an excellent way to live in a low-cost home while taking up less space.They’re also environmentally friendly and can be built with recycled materials, which is better for our planet!
As you can see, it’s important to do your research and find the right company to work with. But once you choose the right container manufacturer and you’ve settled on a design for your shipping container home, the rest should be relatively painless.
With the right planning and guidance (as well as a handy tool such as our blueprint package), building your dream shipping container home can be a fun and exciting experience.
Even though some workers worry about safety risks and the chemicals used in the process, shipping container housing has many benefits.
These homes are very flexible and come in many different styles, so they can be used by both wealthy people in cities and people who live in the country. As this trend and building method continue to evolve, it’s likely to gain even more popularity.
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- Understanding Tiny House Laws in Virginia: A Quick Guide
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Arc. Joseph Benson the CEO of Free tiny homes, Free Tiny Homes is a free, open-source, collaborative resource for anyone interested in building their own tiny home…


- Water & Waste
- Active power
- Prevention of filling a tank with air/monitoring a tanker at a minimum level.
- To prevent a tank from being filled with air, a tanker is monitored to ensure that its fill level does not fall below a minimum level when it is being unloaded. As soon as the throughput of the pump decreases, the pump is switched off by means of the underload monitoring function of the load monitor.
- - More reliable solution than level switch, as fluids in the tanker can slosh around too much
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Fountain fill level
The fill level must be monitored in fountains so that the water pump can be activated when the water level is too low.
Safe grid separation for small hydroelectric power plants
Grid and system protection from TELE safely separates small hydroelectric power plants from the grid in the event of a fault. The unit is programmable, making…
Cleaning the pump impeller through intelligent motor control
Soft starter Christian P-4.0 with integrated forward/reverse control enables automatic cleaning in closed pump system
Monitoring of supply pumps
Ensuring the correct rotation direction for the supply pump in a hydropower plant.
Dry running protection for submersible motor-driven pumps
Monitoring of household wells so that they are not pumped dry, and to ensure that the pump does not run dry.
Sensorless pump monitoring
The G4CM690V16ATL20 cosinus phi monitor from TELE reliably and cost-effectively monitors pumps for dry running, mislaid filters, or warming of the medium.


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Pineapple (Ananas Sativus Fruit) extract is a fresh extract made from organic pineapples. This fresh fruit extract brings the bioactive properties of pineapple to skincare formulations.
Ananas Sativus Fruit Extract is an organic skincare ingredient that promotes skin elasticity, removes dead and damaged skin, improves hydration, and promotes more elastic and clear skin. It also adds sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), enzymes (bromelain), and AHAs (citric and malic acids) to organic skincare products, rejuvenating the skin and having an anti-fungal and purifying effect.
Pineapple is a natural source of bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme that digests proteins and has an intense anti-inflammatory action. Bromelain hydrolyzes proteins and digests only the dead cells on the skin's surface, leaving living cells intact.

domain: chemistry


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Songbirds by Sarah Bird
I've got a piece of art in the Corban Estate Summer School exhibition this week. It's my first time exhibiting which is pretty scarey, but also pretty exciting.
The piece is called "New Zealand Songbirds" and includes the names of iconic Kiwi female musicians which have been double stitched in place to represent their permanence in New Zealand culture.
You can't see it in the photograph unfortunately, but the Tui's have mirrored wattles which shine in the light and represent the way Tuis reflect the sounds around them in their song. Did you know that the songs of Tuis vary from district to district? They are such wonderful birds. If you aren't familiar with the Tui, you can hear their song here. And a funny piece about Tui's mimicking their environment here
I have used both vintage and new fabrics in the work and really enjoyed trying out new techniques to make it. It's being displayed (and is for sale) at the Corban Estate as part of the Tutor showcase this week. (14th - 21st January). I'm unfortunately not running a course this week due to lack of enrolement numbers but I'll be doing a weekend course next term which should be more accessible in terms of time and money. I'll fill you in with details soon. If you want to visit the gallery and see my work and that of the other tutors, pop along to the Corban Estate this week. You can get directions and more details here.


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"Would-be challengers are keenly aware of the vast power Ms. Pelosi wields, and fearful of institutional retribution and reputational damage if they step forward to test the status quo", the Timesreported. Fudge said she wasn't deterred from running after meeting with Pelosi Friday but that she wouldn't make a decision until after Thanksgiving. Democrats will have at least 233 seats in the new Congress, meaning Pelosi can afford to lose no more than 16 Democratic votes, assuming no Republicans back her. Republicans kept the Senate but lost the House, which they had controlled since 2010.
"When we finally get into the majority I think we have to do all we can to keep these new members here, to support them in whatever campaign promise that they made", Rice told reporters last week.
"Our majority came on the backs of candidates who said that they would support new leadership because voters in hard-won districts, and across the country, want to see new change in Washington", the letter reads. However, she believes "it's time for a new one". Ben McAdams, who is challenging Utah Republican incumbent Rep. Mia Love, has fallen behind in the vote count of that race, and Anthony Brindisi's challenge to GOP Rep. Claudia Tunney in NY is still too close to call.
The topic of a challenge to Pelosi is a hot one and came up on Fox News Channel's Outnumbered on Monday, during which segment they noted that Pelosi's supporters include non-politicians like tennis star Martina Navratilova.
There are other Democrats who have also signaled strong opposition to Pelosi.
While the letter technically means she doesn't have the votes at the moment, there are legislative mechanisms to lower the actual threshold of votes she would need, like members voting "present".
While Pelosi is prepared to fight opposition and campaign against those who wish to run against her, a source close to Congress told Fox News she is "not spiteful".
Moulton publicly praised Fudge last week on CNN, saying she is "the kind of new leader that we need in this party". "No, never. I intend to win the Speakership with Democratic votes". She raises a lot of money from a lot of other wealthy people.
The 23-year-old does not believe he got a fair chance under Mourinho and is adamant he had the talent to stay at Old Trafford. Pellegrini was on the books at Roma from the age of nine, although he left in 2015 after just one first team appearance.
USA manager Dave Sarachan admitted his side were second best on a night when England ran out 3-0 winners at Wembley. England manager Gareth Southgate said he was pleased with his team's display and with the send-off for Rooney .
If the margin between two candidates is half a percentage point or less by Saturday , the state must do a machine recount . Scott's lawsuits alleged a lack of transparency over the counting process and asked that further details be made public.
Mr Hair said the assailant was dressed in Islamic clothing and of African appearance and about six foot four inches tall. The news report above came before police acknowledged that the man was already on the radar of Australian intelligence.
Futures in NY fell were little changed after recovering slightly on Wednesday from a 17.6% slide over the previous 12 sessions. During the week-ending November 2, the API reported that US crude stocks climbed by 7.8 million barrels.
No Republicans were on the ballot in the heavily Democratic district, which represents parts of Detroit and some suburbs. Rashida, who is associated with a socialist group within the Democratic Party, is also very popular in this constituency.
Inspired by "Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, ' " Hee Haw " first aired 1969 as a show promoting country music and rural culture". The legendary Jimmy Dean noticed the talented young Clark and hired him to play on radio and TV in the Washington, D.C. area.
Meteorologists say fair weather is expected to settle back across our part of the country Tuesday night through Wednesday night . Sunday should brighten up a bit, with partly sunny skies, a 30% chance of snow showers, and a high near 32 degrees.
Hogan, who wasn't seen again on the show, never used the words Saudi Arabia, instead saying "here" and at "the Crown Jewel ". The 41-year-old is biding his time in WWE as he serves a doping ban from the UFC , which ends in January 2019.
French Protests Against Gas Tax Lead to One Dead, 50 Wounded
In a similar scenario, police cleared out the huge traffic circle around the Arc de Triomphe, paralyzed for hours by protesters. Many drivers see them as emblematic of a presidency seen as disconnected from day-to-day economic difficulties.
Lakers’ Rajon Rondo To Miss Weeks With Broken Hand
Kentavious Caldwell-Pope echoed James' comment on Rondo's Lakers' team-mates needing to take on the burden of replacing him. The 76ers blew an 11-point lead at the end of the third quarter as they fell to the Magic in Jimmy Butler's debut.
The Kepler mission has ended
After its four-year primary mission, the spacecraft was repurposed to observe the stars near the zodiacal constellations. Before the mission, our knowledge of planets outside our solar system that orbit a star was woefully lacking.
Enable makes turf history
Dettori, recording a double after winning the Mile in the same colours aboard Expert Eye, said: "She's conquered America!" He's been the best partner we've ever had in the 30 years we've been in the business.


Denso, in a move to improve the longevity and performance of the spark plug over even the platinum electrode type, has introduced its Iridium Spark Plug. The plug, which actually uses a nickel-iridium-platinum alloy, is said to be a substantial improvement. Iridium, six times harder and eight times stronger than platinum, offers improved wear characteristics and the ability to shrink the surface area of the center electrode tip. The less metal on the tip, the lower the spark voltage requirements. Accordingly, the Iridium Spark Plug’s electrode measures 0.4 mm in diameter, the smallest center electrode made according to the company. Contact: Denso Sales California, 3900 Via Oro Ave., Long Beach CA 90810.
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high manganese steel plates x120mn12
The Standard of this 12-14 % Manganese includes CREUSABRO, 12-14% Manganese Steel, head field manganese plate, manganese steel, ® M / X120 Mn12 / 12-14% Manganese. This is highly durable and have excellent performance find applications in various industries.
Champak Industries are suppliers of Manganese Steel Plates and Sheets to determination X120Mn12 and 1.3401. As a high manganese steel grade it offers fantastic work solidifying properties. 12 - 14% Manganese Steel Plates and Sheets turns out to be progressively hard when the surfaces of parts are liable to rehashed effect or scraped spot. China High Manganese Steel Plate manufacturer, Abrasion Apr 07, 2021 · We are Chinese exporter specialize in high manganese steel plates Mn13 (X120Mn12) for several years. 2. We have good relationship with our steel mills. They allow us to get quicker leading time with high quality plates for our customers.
X120MN12. High Manganese Steel Plate is a non-magnetic and work hardening type of steel which thrives on severe wear conditions. The best thing about this kind of plate is that, the more impact and hammering it receives, the harder its surface becomes.This is a complete austenitic quench annealed non-magnetic work-hardening steel which offers High Manganese Steel Plate, 12- 14% Mn Plates Suppliers These plates are supplied to customers in water quenched condition at 950-1000N/mm x 120Mn12 manganese steel that has austenitic structure. When these steel plates are supplied it has Brinell structure and is considered non-magnetic with a hardness of 200HB.
High Manganese Steel scrap Mn13 / X120Mn12 /1.3401. Mn13 Special Characteristics:Mn13 is the best choice for strong impact resistance, high pressure material wear and other wear-resistant materials, with Work hardening characteristic that other wear-resistant materials can not be compared to, in the larger impact load or the role of greater contact stress, plate surface production hardening Manganese 12-14 % Plates, Manganese Steel Sheets, High These High MANGANESE 12-14 % PLATES are non-magnetic in nature. They are the austenitic type of steel. This steel is very much suitable for the were application. In these applications, there is the need for high impact abrasion or there is a need for gouging abrasion which may lead to a
Supplied water quenched at 950-1000N/mm² X120Mn12 manganese steel has an austenitic structure and is non-magnetic. In its supply condition it has an approximate Brinell hardness of 200HB. In service the material rapidlywork hardens, increasing the Brinell hardness figure up to approximately 500HB. Manganese Steel Plate x120mn12, Hadfield Manganese Steel Champak Industries - Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters of Manganese Steel Plate x120mn12, Hadfield Manganese Steel Plate, HIGH Manganese Plates A128 GRADE, Mumbai, India. 390/392, Shankar mansion, vanita Vishram Chowk, S. V. P. Road Mumbai - 400 004, Maharashtra, India
Manganese X120Mn12 Plates & Sheets Stockists. Hadfield Manganese Sheet Exporter. ASTM A128 12 14% Sheets Distributor in India. High Manganese Plates and Sheets Trader. Manganese 12 14% Steel Cold Rolled Sheet. Creusabro® M Steel Plate Stockholder. ASTM 128 GRADE B2. GX120Mn12 grade Manganese Steel Plate. ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Manganese Steel X120MN12 Plates Find Manufacturer Manganese Steel X120MN12 plates are also known as hard manganese steel or hardened steel. This is the best and provides people with emblematic that are significantly increasing its strength and the hardness and the works the best in cold temperature. It has very high persistence.
Mn13 is kind of high manganese wear- resistant steel material, which is the best choice for resisting high impacts, high pressures among wear- resistant steels. The features of Mn13 steel plates:1. The heavier the impacts from outside to the surface of steel plates, the higher performance of abrasive resistance from surface of steel plates S30403 manganese plate x120mn12 - Carbon Steel PlatesHigh Manganese Steel Plates - Mn13 Steel Plate S30403 manganese plate x120mn12. High Manganese Steel Plate is a non-magnetic and works hardening type of steel which thrives on severe wear conditions. The best thing about this kind of plate is that the more impact and hammering it receives, the harder its surface becomes.
Hindustan Steel Corporation - Offering Sail X120MN12 High Manganese Steel Plate, Size:2 x 6 meter at Rs 155/kilogram in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Read about company. Get contact details and address Steel Plates - SALIMA 300 Hi Hard Plate Manufacturer from Customers can avail optimum quality HI MN.Steel Plates from us at industry leading prices and within the postulated time frame.Manganese Steel Plates/Sheets that we have on offer are made available in 12% - 14% manganese steel grades.
X120Mn12 is kind of high manganese wear- resistant steel material, which is the best choice for resisting high impacts, high pressures among wear- resistant steels. The features of X120Mn12 steel plates:1. X120mn12 65mn Mn13 High Manganese Carbon Steel Plate X120mn12 65mn Mn13 High Manganese Carbon Steel Plate Price price, x120mn12 high manganese steel plate Products for Sale <! 1 YRS. 5.0 ( 3) Contact Supplier. Ad. Add to Favorites. Manganese Steel X120MN12 Plates Find Manufacturer Manganese Steel X120MN12 plates are also known as hard manganese steel or hardened steel. This is the best and provides people with embl
X120Mn12 High Manganese Wear- Resistant Steel Plates 9/5/2019 X120Mn12 is kind of high manganese wear- resistant steel material, which is the best choice for resisting high impacts, high pressures among wear- resistant steels.


The aim of this investigation is to determine the configuration that will enable a micro heat exchanger system to function more efficiently. Heat exchangers are devices that can be used for exchanging energy between flows, which can have a wide variety of uses and different configurations; therefore, studies are carried out in order to increase the efficiency of heat exchangers. In this study, heat transfer capacity and system efficiency of the swirl flow were investigated using CFD as compared to the parallel flow heat exchanger, which is another configuration. The air drawn by the fan is sucked into the holes and enters the system, thereby air entering the system impinges on the heat exchanger tube. The flow character has a major role on the Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient. The main flow variables are Reynolds number and the orientation of the inlet holes. The boundary conditions were determined according to the fan capabilities and power of resistance. The positions and types of the holes were adjusted to allow for axial and tangential impact onto the heat exchanger tube, and the holes were also located in order to obtain the best impingement angle. CFD simulations were carried out with ANSYS Fluent and k-epsilon turbulent model was used with coupled algorithm. The effect of laminar flow on the heat transfer were observed at different Reynolds numbers. Also the effect of swirl flow characteristics on system efficiency is clearly observed as compared to parallel flow.


The Toyota Celica name (play /ˈsɛlɨkə/) has been applied to a series of coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial".Throughout its life span the Celica has been powered by various four cylinder engines. The most significant change occurred in August 1985, when the car's drive layout was changed from rear wheel drive to front wheel drive.
Virtually any Toyota celica using this occasion around time period had been entertaining to be able to chuck around because of highly reactive directing, any highly-sorted suspensions and strong wheels. Quality of journey has been tolerable due to automobile’s extraordinary managing expertise, however in assessment to competition like the Acura RSX, Mitsubishi Eclipse along with Volkswagen GTI, it had been much less certified above bumps as well as development joints. Additionally, as fulfilling since the Celica GT-S may be when jogging from high revoltions per minute, that required a person as well as motivated motorist to search for the most out of the idea.
Toyota Celica is a coupe sports car produced by Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan from October 1970 until April 2006. Over the past 36 years, there are 7 generations of Celica, with a total cumulative production of more than 4.1 million units.
Styling and Handling is an important point of the Celica, where this car comes with an attractive exterior design and fun to drive because its steering is responsive and communicative, steady handling, and braking distance to stop short.
Celica is the official car used by Toyota in the world rally championship / World Rally Championship (WRC) from 1972 to 1986 with rear-wheel models, and from 1988 to 1997 with models having a GT-Four 4WD. WRC Celica to be made by Toyota Team Europe in Cologne, Germany.
Engine Interior Toyota Celica
White toyota Celica On The Road


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